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DRAVYA-SAMGRAHA, 6.
we recognise that Jîva has eight kinds of Jñâna and four kinds of Darsana. Among the eight kinds of Jñana, varieties of impure or false knowledge are also included, but these can only be said in a general sense to be the characteristics of Jiva, for in Mukta or liberated Jiva, these are not possible. So Jiva in its pure state has only the characteristics of pure Jñâna and Darsana.
The commentator says that verses 4-6 of Dravya Samgraha by explaining Upayoga refute the doctrine of Nyâya Philosophy, viz., that a thing and its qualities are permanently distinct. * It should be remembered that in Nyâya Philosophy the identity of a quality and the possessor of that quality is never recognised. Here it is said that Jñana and Darsana are not only the qualities of Jiva, but are identical with it. Now the question may arise how can this be possible ? Can we not conceive of qualities as separated from the possessor of the same? The answer is that Jainism examines everything from different standpoints and though from the realistic point of view Jiva and its qualities are identical, we say from the ordinary or commonsense point of view that these are distinct. That is to say, in Jainism there is no dogmatic assertion as in Nyâya Philosophy that there can be no identity between a quality and the possessor of that qualities. On the contrary, the identity of Jiva and its qualities is recognised. Of course from the ordinary point of view we may recognise qualities as distinct from the possessor of them. That is to say, we can conceive the qualities as distinguishable, but not distinct from their possessor, that is, this separate existence is not real. In Pañchâstikâyasamayasara also we find the following verse which expresses a similar view:--
"दंसणणाणाणि तहा जीबणिवद्धाणि गण्णभूदाणि । ववदेसदो पुधत्तं कुब्वंति हि णो सभावादो ॥"
[Verse No. 52.] "Darsana and Jñana, in a similar manner, are identical with Jiva and not separable from it. Only in common parlance we separate (Darsana and Jñâna from Jiva), but in reality there is no such separation."
* "एवं नैयायिकं प्रति गुणगुणिभेदैकान्तनिराकरणार्थमपयोगव्याख्यानेन
TOTT 41" Commentary on Dravya-Sawgraha, Verse 6. By Brahmadeva.
