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THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS.
21. Vvavahâra Kala (Time from the ordinary point of viewvis that which helps to produce changes in substances and which is known from modifications (produced in substances), while Paramarthika (i.e., real) Kâla is understood from continuity.
COMMENTARY. Real time is, according to the Jaina view, that which assists the changes in substances. To give a concrete example, ive might say that the stone under a potter's wheel assists in the movement of the wheel. The stone here does not impart. motion to the wheel, but without this stone such a kind of motion would not have been possible. Similarly, time, according to Jainism, assists in the changes produced in substances, though it does not cause the same. The Jaina view is, that time does not cause the changes which are produced in the substances, but indirectly aids the production of such changes. This is real time. But time, from the ordinary point of view, consists in hours, minutes, seconds, etc., by which we call a thing to be new or old according to changes produced in the same. These two kinds of time are technically called Kala and Samaya respectively in all the
* “नवजीर्णादिपर्यायैव्यानां यः प्रवर्तकः । समयादिमयः कालो व्यवहाराभिदोऽस्ति सः॥"
[वर्द्धमानपुराणम् । १६ । ३४ ।] It is said that Vyavahârika Kala is known from Parinama (modification) Kriya (action) Paratva (distance) and Aparatva (nearness) of substances. Title "व्यावहारिककालस्य परिणामस्तथा क्रिया। परत्वं चापरत्वं च लिङ्गान्याहुमहर्षयः॥ . स्वजातेरविरोधेन विकारो यो हि वस्तुनः। परिणामः स निर्दिष्टोऽ परिष्पन्दात्मिकोऽजिनैः॥ प्रयोगविस्रसाभ्यां या निमित्ताभ्यां प्रजायते । द्रव्यस्य सा परिक्षया परिष्पन्दात्मिका क्रिया ॥ परत्वं विप्रकृष्टत्वमितरत् सन्निकृष्टता। ते च कालकृते ग्राह्ये कालप्रकरणादिह ॥"
[ तत्वार्थसारः । ३ । ४५-४८ ॥]
