________________
APPENDIX.
All these gods are of various grades.* The highest among them are Indras who are possessed of superior powers and may be likened to kings in this world. The next in order are Sâmânika gods who are to Indras as the preceptors are to kings. The third grade consists of Trầyastrinsa gods who act for Indras as ministers and priests act for the benefit of kings." Pârişada gods are next in order and are to Indras like friends and courtiers to kings. Though the gods are not subject to injuries of any kind, yet to enhance their grandeur there is the fifth kind of gods known as Atma-raksas who surround Indras like body-guards of kings. The Lokaala gods the sixth in order, are officers of Indras and control the different Lokas. The Anika gods are like soldiers of Indras.' The Prakiraka gods are like the subjects and Abhiyogya gods the servants of Indras.® The Kilvişaka gods being the tenth in grade cannot command the respect due to other gods belonging to the higher grades and these stand outside the circle of those of higher grades, like feudatories outside the kingdom of kings.10
Among the Vyantara and Jyotişa gods the classes known as Trayastrinsa and Loka-pala are absent.11
There are a class of gods known as Laukântika wlio reside in
* "इंद्रसामानिकत्रायस्त्रिंशपारिषदात्मरक्षलोकपालानीकप्रकीर्णकाभियोग्यकिल्विषिकाश्चैकशः।"
[तत्वार्थाधिगमसूत्रम् ४।४।] 1 "परमैश्वर्यादिंद्रव्यपदेशः।" • "तत्स्थानाहत्वात् सामानिकाः।" , “मन्त्रिपुरोहितस्थानीयास्त्रायस्त्रिंशाः।" • "वयस्यपीठमर्दसदृशाः पारिषदाः।" । "आत्मरक्षाः शिरोरक्षोपमाः।" • "आरक्षकार्थचरसमा लोकपालाः।" 7 "दंडस्थानीयान्यनीकानि ।" • "प्रकीर्णकाः पौरजनपदकल्पाः। , “आभियोग्याः दाससमानाः ।" 10 “प्रत्यवासिस्थानीयाः किल्विषकाः।"
[तत्वार्थराजवार्तिकम् । ४।४।१-१०।] 11 "त्रायस्त्रिंशलोकपालवा व्यन्तरज्यातिष्काः।” ।
[तत्वार्थाधिगमसूत्रम् । ४।५।]
