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EXAMINATION OF THE FIRST CATEGORY_SUBSTANCE'.
319
TEXT (519).
SUBSTANCE HAS BEEN HELD TO BE OF NINE KINDS--DIVIDED UNDER THE DIFFERENT HEADS OF EARTH AND THE REST ; OF THESE, THE FOUR BEGINNING WITH THE EARTH' ARE OF TWO
KINDS—eternal AND non-eternal.-(549)
COMMENTARY.
The idea underlying this Betting forth of the subdivisions is that when the subject has been this stated, it is easier to find fault with it.
Nine Icinds',-as stated in tho Süera (Vaishëşika) Earth, Water, Fire, Air, Akasha, Time, Space, Soul and Mind'. From among these, Substance in the form of the first four-i.. Earth, Water, Fire and Airis of two kinds, being eternal and non-eternal.-(549)
Those two kinds are shown in the following
TEXT (550).
THRATOMS' THAT HAVE BEEN HELD TO BE OF THE NATURE OF EARTH AND THE REST ARE eternal ; WHILE THOSE MADD OP OF THE
ATOM AND THE REST ARE EVANESCENT.-(550)
COMMENTARY.
Earth, etc. in the form of the stom are eternal, -the Atoms being eternal. Those that are made up of the Atom and the rest are non-eternal, according to the Law that what has a Cause must be non-eternal.
"Atom and the rest ',-i.e. those among which Atoms are the first. Alāsha and the rest are eternal ;- such is the sense of the Text.-(550)
The Author proceeds to discard
Substance' of the said four kinds
TEXT (551).
AMONG THESE, THE NON-EXISTENCE OF THE ETERNAL (PERMANENT) ATOMS HAS ALREADY BEEN PROVED, BY ESTABLISHING THE FACT OF ALL THINGS BEING IN A STATE OF PERPETUAL
FLUX'.-(551)
COMMENTARY. Among these, what have been described as Earth and the rest in the form of Permanent Aloms,-the non-existence of these in the form of anything permanent has been proved by the establishing of the Perpetual Flux of things which pervades over all things, the Universal proposition having
