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EXAMINATION OF SAMĀNYA, THE UNIVERSAL
431
So far the author has explained the Reason Because there is disparity' [put forward by himself under Text 768, against the opponent's explanation of the comprehensive notion of Negation in regard to the several kinds of Negation). He next proceeds to explaint the other Reason Because it cannot rest upon that':
TEXTS (780-782).
UNIVERSALS CALLED JAR AND THE REST SUBSIST ONLY IN THE JAR; THEY CANNOT SUBSIST IN NEGATIONS; HOW THEN DOES THE COMPREHENSIVE NOTION (OF NEGATION) ARISE IN REGARD TO THESE LATTER ? - TH (COMPREHENSIVE) NOTION AND NAME CANNOT BE APPLIED TO ONE THING ON THE BASIS OF WHAT SUBSISTS IN SOMETHING ELSE; FOR INSTANCE, THE NOTION AND NAME CANOER' CANNOT BE BASED UPON THE UNIVERSAL ELEPHANT '. As A MATTER OF FACT, EVEN SUBSISTENCE IN ONE AND THE SAME THING IS NOT PRESENT HERE. NOTIONS OF TASTE, COLOUR, AND HEAVINESS MIGHT ARISE FROM THEIR SUBSISTENCE IN ONE AND THE SAME THING'; IN THE CASE IN QUESTION (Or NEGATION) HOWEVER, EVEN THIS SUBSISTENCE IS NOT THERE; FOR THE SIMPLE REASON THAT NEGATION DOES NOT SUBSIST IN ANYTHING AT ALL.
(780-782)
COMMENTARY.
As a matter of fact, the Universal' subsists only in the Jar and such entities, never in Negutions, because these latter are non-entities. How then could there appear, in regard to these Negations, any comprehensive notion associated with the form of a Universal, on the basis of the Universal' Jar which subsista in something other than the Negations)? For instance, the Elephant' does not become the basis of a comprehensive notion regarding the Cancer.
"But a notion is actually found to appear in connection with one thing on the basis of something that subsists elsewhere ; e.g. such notions as the sweet Taste is viscid, cool and heavy".
This is answered in the words-Even subsistence in one and the same thing, etc., etc.':- In the example cited, the qualities of 'Coolness and the rest subsist in that same substance wherein the sweetness subsists ; so that on the strength of this subsistence in the same substratum, there is coexistence : while Negation never subsists in any substance along with Universals like the 'Jar'; for the simple reason that that which has no colour and forre cannot subsist in anything.-- (780-782)
The following Text anticipates the answer given by Uddyotakara
