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EXAMINATION OF THE IMPORT OF WORDS.
467
cognitions as the man with the stick!, which are all based upon adjunct in the shape of substance, etc. ? For instance, such expressions and notions as the man with the stick', 'the animal with horns are known to be based upon adjuncts in the shape of substances ; such expressions and notions as white', 'black' are based upon adjuncts in the shape of qualities; such expressions and notions as moves', 'wanders' are based upon adjuncts in the shape of Action, such expressions and notions as 'is', 'exists' are based upon adjuncts in the shape of Being '; such expressions and notions as Cow', Horse', Elephant' are based upon adjuncts in the shape of Universals and Particulars; and the expression and notion 'The Cloth in these yarns are based upon Inherence. If then, there did not exist any of these Substance and the rest, the expressions and notions of the Man with the stick' and other things would become baseless.-The term 'adi' goes with every member of the compound. So that every one of such similar expressions and notions become included, as the umbrella-holder', 'the homed animal' and so forth.-As for the Ultimate Individualities, they are cognizable by mystics only; hence these are not meant to be included here.
"And yet it is not right that these expressions and notions should be regarded as entirely baseless. If they were so, they would be equally liable to appear everywhere.
"Nor are they found to apply promiscuously to all things, without distinction.
"From all this it follows that Substance and the rest do really exist.
* The argument may be formulated as follows:- Expressions and notions that appear in mutually distinct forms must have & real basis.- like the Auditory and other notions ;-the expressions and notions of the stickholder', etc. do appear in distinct forms ;-hence this is a natural reason (for regarding them as having a real basis).-If they had no such basis, things would appear in all places without distinction ;-this is the argument setting aside a contrary conclusion."-(867-868)
The Author proceeds to refute the above Reasoning (of the Realist) in the following
TEXT (869).
THE ANSWER TO THE ABOVE IS AS FOLLOWS AS A MATTER OF FACT, THERE IS NO REAL BASIS FOR THESE EXPRESSIONS AND NOTIONS ;
THE ONLY BASIS FOR THEM CONSISTS IN THE SEED LOCATED IN THE PURELY SUBJECTIVE CONSCIOUS
NESS.-(869)
COMMENTARY,
If what the Realist desires to prove is the fact that the notions and expressions in question have a real basis in the external world, then the Reason adduced is Inconclusive; as there is nothing to annul the contrary conclusion. If what is meant to be proved is only that they have some sort
