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EXAMINATION OF THE IMPORT OF WORDS.
585
such words as "därāk', 'sikata, varsa', etc.-even though there is no real multiplicity, yet they are used in the Plural Number. Similarly in the case of such words as Vana', 'Tribhuwana, Jagat, Sannagari', even though there is no singularity, yet they are used in the Singular Number. Hence our Reason cannot be said to bo 'Uoproven
Nor is our Reason Inconclusive '; for, if it were so, then everything would belong to everything.
Lastly, because our Reason subsists in things where the Probandum is known to be present, therefore it cannot be said to be Contradictory':(1134)
In the following Texts the Author urges the fallacy of being unproven' against the Buddhist's Reason-from Kumarila's point of view
TEXTS (1135-1136).
"IF WORDS LIKE Darāļ ' ARE USED IN REFERENCE TO THE INDIVIDUAL AS WELL AS THE UNIVERSAL, IT IS SO APPLICABLE ON THE BASIS OF TRE NUMBER OF EITHER INDIVIDUALS OR THE COMPONENTS, THE WORD Vana' DENOTES EITHER INDIVIDUALS AS QUALIFIED BY THE NUMBER OF THE UNIVERSAL, OR THE UNIVERSAL AS SUBSISTING IN A PLURALITY OF INDIVIDUALS." (Shlokavārtika-Vanavāda
92-94.11135-1136)
COMMENTARY
Kumārila argues as follows :-"The word dārāk' is applied sometimes to the Universal and sometimes to the Individual; when it is applied to the Universal, then it is nsed according to the Number of the Individuals, and these Individuals consist in the many toomen ; when however it is applied to the Individual, then it is used in accordance with the Plurality of the Components of the Individual, in the form of her hands, feet and other limbs. -In the case of the word 'Vana', what are denoted are the Individuals, in the shape of the Mango, Khadira, Palasha and other particular trees, as qualified by the Number (Singular) of the Universal Tree' subsisting in all those individual trees; and that is why the word is used in the Singular Number 'nam'; as what it denotes is the Substance qualified by the Number of the Universal. Or what is denoted by the word "vana' is the Universal itself as subsisting in the Individual trees, Dhava and the rest ; hence it is used in the Singular Number, the said Universal being one only." -(1135-1136)
The answer to the above is as follows:
