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INFERENCE
707
Fire, -and there is smoke at this place',-he grasps the positive and negative concomitance between Smoke and Fire, and hence comes to recognise that * Fire is there':-without knowing anything about the Sapaksa' and other details.-Hence it follows that at the time of the actual proving, there need be no distinction as regards the * Sapaksa' and the rest.
Question "Where then is this distinction made ?" Answer—In a Scientific Treatise.-(1435)
Or, oven at the time of the statement of the proof, if the said distinction were made,-there would be nothing in it that would be incompatible with our view. This is what is explained in the following
TEXT (1436).
EVEN WHEN IT IS BASED UPON THE SUBJECT-MATTER IN QUESTION, IT IS NOT INCOMPATIBLE; THE DISPUTANT DOES NOT STATE THE PROOF EVEN FOR THE OTHER PARTY, ALL OF A
SUDDEN.-(1436)
COMMENTARY. Though the statement of the Proposition is not made at the time that one actually propounds the Premiss, yet if the said distinction is made in regard to the matter under disputo,-.e. the Subject-there is nothing incon. gruous in it.-Nor can it be urged that at the time of the propounding of the Peorniss (Reason, Probans), there is no maller under dispute";-because, even for the other party.--.e. for one who makes the statement of the Proposition,--the disputant does not put forward his Premiss, all of a sudden, without reference to some subject under consideration.-(1436)
The question arises still-" The object whose particular character one wishes to ascertain may be the subject under consideration; even so how can the said distinction be made in reference to that subject under consideration."
The answer is provided in the following
TEXT (1437).
The character of residing in the Minor Term (Subject) FOLLOWS ITS PRESENCE IN THE SUBJECT WHOSE CHARACTER IS MEANT TO BE ASCERTAINED; AND THE 'Sapaksa' IS THAT WHICR IS SIMILAR TO THAT SUBJECT ; AND THE Vipaksa' IS THAT WHERE THE SAID CHARAC
TER IS ABSENT.-(1437)
COMMENTARY This is easily understood.-(1437)
The Upanaya', 'Reaffirmation (19 one of the five Members of the Syllogism) has been defined as that which, on the strength of the Corrobora
