________________
EXAMINATION OF THE IMPORT OF WORDS.
549
A second example is cited: And Sound, etc. etc.' even though sound is a single entity, yet, on being the resultant of the cognition following upon effort (of the speaker), it is spoken of as - Cognised; and as the resultant of auditory perception, it is spoken of as 'auditory'; shravana' stands for
shruti', audition, i.e. Auditory Perception : and what appears therein is auditory! Or the term 'shrāvanamay be explained as perceived by the auditory organ'-(1040)
It has thus been shown that several words are applied to a thing which, as performing a single function, is one only. It is now shown that in some cases, words are applied even on the basis of the diversity of other causes :
TEXT (1041). IN SOME CASES, THE WORD IS APPLIED, ALSO ON THE BASIS OF THE DIVERSITY OF OTHER Causes; E.G. SOUND ARISING FROM EFFORT, AND THE HONEY PRODUCED BY THE LARGE BEES.-(1041)
COMMENTARY. * Produced by the large bees ', as distinguished from that produced by the smaller bees.-(1041)
Thus it has been shown that diverse words are applied to the same thing, on the basis of the multiplicity of effects (function) and causes. The following Text is going to show that diverse words are applied to the same thing, even without a commonalty, where there is desire to express only the exclusion of its effect and cause :
TEXT (1042). IN SOME CASES, THE WORD IS APPLIED ON THE BASIS OF THE EXOLUSION
OF THE EFFECT AND CAUSE OF THE THING; AS FOR EXAMPLE, Colour IS SPOKEN OF AS 'INAUDIBLE', OR Lightning is SPOKEN OR AS 'NOT PRODUCED BY EFFORT ':-(1042)
COMMENTARY. The term 'Kāryahētu' stands for the things of which the previouslymentioned factors are the Effect and Cause ;-the Vishlşa' of these is their exclusion (denial).
" What are the words like this ? "
Inaudible, etc, etc.':-Colour is spoken of as 'inaudible', when what is meant is the exclusion of Sound which is the effect of Auditory Perception; similarly, for the purpose of excluding things produced by effort, the torm not produced by effort is applied to Lightning.--(1042)
Having thus explained that, even in the absence of any positive entity in the shape of a Commonalty, Words are applied with distinction merely on the basis of exclusion, the Author proceeds to show that there is no possibility of the incongruity of all words becoming synonymons
