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CHAPTER XVI. Examination of the Import of Words.
COMMENTARY.
The Author proceeds to set forth the Introduction to the arguments in support of the view (set forth in Text 2) that the Truth is amenable to Words and Cognitions only in an assumed (superimposed) form':
TEXTS (867-868).
"IF ADJUNOTS DO NOT EXIST IN REALITY, THEN ON WHAT BASTS WOULD
THERE BD SUCH COGNITIONS AND VERBAL EXPRESSIONS AS THE MAN WITH THE STICK','TRE white,' MOVE','EXISTS' cow, HERE' AND SO FORTI ?-THEY CANNOT BE RELD TO BE BASELBSS. NOR CAN THEY APPLY PROMISCUOUSLY TO ALL THINGS."
-(867-868)
COMMENTARY.
"What is apprehended by Word and Cognition is a Real Entity : hence what words express by means of affirmation and denial is only the real state of things":-Such is the view of the Realists. The view of the Negationists (Apohiste), on the other hand, is as follows:- "There is nothing real that is expressed by words; all verbal cognition is wrong, because it proceeds by imposing non difference upon things that are really different ; in a case where there is indirect connection with an entity, there is some sort of agreement with the object, even though the Cognition is really wrong" Such is the view of these people. The one uniform, non-different, form that is imposed upon things proceeds on the strength of the apprehension of things in the form of the exclusion of other things'; and it being itself of the nature of the exclusion or negation of other things, it is mistaken by people tunder the spell of illusion to be one with that which is excluded by it-and it ultimately brings about the appreliension of the thing 'excluded from others for these reasons it comes to be known as 'exchided from other things. On this ground it has been held that what is expressed by words is Apoha, the negation of others'
The Realists urge the following objections (against the Apohist, Negationist, Bauddha) -" If,- according to you,- for Verbal Cognition, there is no real basis as the adjuncts-qualifying factors in the shape of Substance. Quality, Action, Universal, Ultimate Individuality and Inherence, then how is it that among people, there are such verbal expressions and
