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540
TATTVASANGRAHA: CHAPTER XVI.
tive (positive) in character, the idea of affirmation is the direct resultant, and the idea of negation is the indirect resultant due to implication.
The reason for this is stated- And it is because, etc. etc.' ;- because there is no affirmation without negation; in fact, aflirmation is always con. comitant with the negation of the unlike; as there can be nothing which is not excluded (differentiated) irom things unlike itself.
Thus there is nothing incongruous in a single word having two resultants.-(1020)
Why is it so ?”
Question - Answer:
TEXT (1021).
BECAUSE THE WORD DOES NOT DIRECTLY BRING ABOUT BOTH THESE, (1) THE IDEA OF ITS OWN DENOTATION, AND (2) THE EXCLUSION
OF ANOTHER THING.-(1021)
COMMENTARY. There would be incongruity if it were held that both the resultantsaffirmation as well as negation-are brought about by the word at the same time; when however, the view is that, -as in the case of 'not eating during the day':only one is brought about directly, while the other is got at only by implication, then there is no incongruity.
As for the argument (urged in 014) that-"on hearing the word cow uttered, the first idea that one should obtain would be that of the nonDow", -thie also is rejected by what has been just said ; because no such view as indicated has been held by us ; that is to say, we have never held the view that the negation (erclusion) of the non-cow is done by the word directly, in fact, it has been already explained that this is obtained only by implication.-(1021)
It has been argued (by Kumarila, under Text 915, above) that-" Those who have accepted the commonalty in the shape of the negation of the noncow as denoted by the word, have admitted the positive entity, the Universal * Cow' to be so denoted".
This is answered in the following
TEXT (1022).
THE Universal Cow 'ALSO IS HELD TO BE AN APPEARANCE OF THE SAME KIND; INASMUCH IT IS APPREHENDED AS COMMON TO ALL
COWS—THE Variegated AND THE REST (1022)
COMMENTARY.
of the same kind', -that is, superimposed upon, reflected in Cogoition, as something external.
the
