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EXAMINATION OF THE IMPORT OF WORDS.
485
have been previously set forth.-Further, as no definite form can be conceived of in regard to what is expressed by the verb to be', --if that alone were denoted by Words, there could be no such divergent usage of words as
Cow', gavaya', Elephant' and so forth; as these animals wonld not be denoted by the words at all.-(893-894)
The following text anticipates the answer of the other party
TEXT (895). "IT (USAGE) WOULD BE BASED UPON THE MERE 'Being of things as
QUALIFIED BY THE UNIVERSAL 'Cow' AND THE WORD ('Cow'); AND THE OPINION THAT HAS BEEN HELD IS DUE TO THE FACT THAT THERE ARE SUCH DIVERSITIES OF FORM AS THE PRESENCE OF HORNS, THE PARTICULAR SHAPE, THE PARTICULAR COLOUR BLUE AND SO
FORTH."-(895)
COMMENTARY, The following may be the answer of the other party :-"The diverse 11sage would proceed on the basis of the cognition of the mere Being' of the Thing concerned (which is what is expressed by the verb 'to be'), as qualified by the Universal Cow and the word (Cow'), but devoid of such distinctions as being of variegated colour and so forth.-If that is so, then why is the denotation of the word said to consist in only what is expressed by the Verb 'to be when such particulars as the Cow', etc. are also said to be denoted 1-The answer to this given by the other party is- The opinion, etc. etc. ;-that is, as a matter of fact, the idea of the Horn and other particulars does not proceed from the word ; it is for this reason that the opinion has been held that what is denoted is what is expressed by the verb to be, and not the Universal Cow, etc.'; the reason for which opinion lies in the fact that the qualifying factors--the Universal Coo and the word (name) 'Cow'-are not cognised through the word.—Hence there is no incongruity in our opinion."-(895)
The above is refuted in the following
TEXT (896) IF THIS BE SO, THEN THERE SHOULD BE DENOTATION OF THE THING AS
EQUIPPED WITH THOSE, AS ALSO OF THE DIVERSE PARTICULARS. AND IN THAT CASE, THE SAME OBJECTIONS WOULD BE APPLICABLE. APART FROM THESE, THERE IS FOUND NOTHING' EXPRESSED BY THE VERB to be ':-(896)
COMMENTARY. If the view is that the object alone as qualified by the Universal Cow', etc. is denoted by the word, then it becomes admitted that there is denota.
