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EXAMINATION OF THE IMPORT OF WORDS.
519
TEXT (966). * WHEN ONE DOES NOT ADMIT THE DENOTATION OF THE WORD TO POSITIVE AFFIRMATIVE) IN CHARACTER, TRERE CAN BE NO NEGATION ALSO FOR HIM; AS THIS IS ALWAYS PRECEDED BY THAT."-[Shlo. Vā.
Apoha 110]—(966)
COMMENTARY.
Preceded by that',-i.e. preceded by affirmation; that is Negation is only the denial of what has been affirmed.
Further, under the Apoha-theory, there is no possibility of the relation of qualification and qualified between Blue and Lotus, and the co-ordination between them,--which is perceived in actual experience.-(966)
* With a view to explaining these, the relation of qualification and qualified and the co-ordination, the Bauddha has made the following statement :-*Words denote diverse things on account of the diversity of the things 'excluded'; they are ineffective in the matter of their own diversity. They become the qualification and the qualified when bringing about the same effect; and the difference being based upon that fact alone, it is not abandoned by their own Commonalty; and yet the said difference has not been asserted, as there is doubt regarding it; and when the two are equal and similar, then they serve the same purpose
The following Text proceeds to show that all this cannot be right :
TEXTS (967-969).
TT IS HELD THAT WHAT IS DENOTED IS Apoha ONLY : UNDER THIS THEORY,
THERE CAN BE NO POSSIBILITY OF THE RELATION Or qualification and qualified OR OF co-ordination, IN THE CASE OF SUCH VERBAL EXPRESSIONS AS BLUE-LOTUS, WHICH HAVE A MIXED CONNOTATION; BECAUSE THE EXCLUSION OF THE non-blue' DOES NOT INVOLVE THE EXCLUSION OF THE non-lotus ', -NOR DOES THE LATTER INVOLVE THE FORMER. HENCE THE RELATION OF qualifica. tion and qualified 18 NOT POSSIBLE (BETWEEN THE BLUE COLOUR AND THE LOTUS).-NOR WOULD THE SAID RELATION BE POSSIBLE BETWEEN THE WORDS APART FROM WHAT THEY DENOTE."-[Shlo.-Vā. A poha 115-117]-(967-969)
COMMENTARY. What was rejected before was the possibility of the relation of qualification and qualified between the things denoted; what is rejected now is the same relation between words; hence there is no repetition.
The relation of qualification and qualified consists in each of the two serving to differentiate the other, and this is held to be present only in
