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EXAMINATION OF SĀMĀNYA', THE UNIVERSAL'.
437
It has been argued (by Bhāvivikta, under Text 720) that," the Universal Cow is something different from the Cow, etc., etc."-The following Text shows that the Reason adduced there is found to be false, in view of the CASE of such notions as those of the Cook and the like
TEXTS (796-797).
* THE Universal Cow IS SOMETHING DISTINCT FROM THE individual
Cow, BECAUSE IT FORMS THE OBJECT OF A DIFFERENT IDEA, - LIKE COLOUR, TOUCH AND THE LIKE ;- ALSO BECAUSE IT IS SPOKEN OF AS BELONGING TO THAT, JUST AS THE HORSE IS SPOKEN OF AS BELONGING TO CHAITRA", -THIS ARGUMENT MAY BE SHOWN TO BE 'FALLIBLE (UNTRUE)IN VIEW OF THR NOTION OF THE
Cook' AND SO FORTH.-IN THIS SAME MANNER, OTHER WRONG ARGUMENTS ALSO ARE TO BE DISCREDITED.
(796-797)
COMMENTARY.
For instance, even though the Universal Cook’ is not held to be anything different from the individual Cook, yet it does become the object of diverse cognitions, such as this is a cookthat is a cook' and so forth; there are also such verbal expressions as Devadatta's Cook-ship', where the two things are expressed by words with different case-terminations. Thus the Reason adduced by the other party is found to be Inconclusive because too wide'
Other wrong arguments such as those put forward by Kumarila and others.
The following are the wrong arguments set forth by Kumarila :(1) In regard to the diverse particular cows there appears the notion of cow',—this must be due to a single entity in the shape of the Universal Cow':- because it manifests the cow and is of one form -just like the notion in regard to a single individual cow.-Or again (2) The notion of Cow' cannot be due to a particular Cow, the Black one for instance, or it must be due to something different from this particular Cow because it appears oven when this particular Cow is not present just like the notion of being made of Clay' in regard to the Jar.-If it is asked how this Universal is said
