________________
352
TATTVASANURASA : CHAPTER X.
of the Bilma-fruit lying in a dish # or in some other way in the way, for instance, in which a person like Chaitra lies down upon more than one couch. This is what is meant hy subsistence in part'.
Tluis is only by the way.
Vidyolakam has argued as follows (in Nyayavartila on 2. 1. 32, page 216, Bib. Ind.):-" Inasmuch as the terms entire and a part cannot be applied to one and the same Composite, the question raised-as to whether it subsists in its entirety or in part—is an improper one ; as a matter of fact, the term
entire stands for all, excepting nothing, while the lorin a part' stands for one among several; as such, those two terms cannot be rightly applied to any one Composite"
This arguinent becomes rejected by what has been said in the Text: As a matter of fact, in common parlance, the terms whole and in part aro found to be applied to such things as the Fool and the like, in such expressions as Does the whole foot lie in the poad, or only in part ? -Nor can it be right to say that such use is figurative ; because it is never found to fail or falter; as bas been pointed out before.-(620-621)
So far the four kinds of Substance, ending with Air fi.c. Earth, Water, Fire and Air] have been discarded ;—the Substance called Soul' has already been discarded in the chapter on Soul-the Author next proceeds to deny the remaining four kinds of Substance-viz. :--Alūshu, Time, Space and Mind; (and to that end, set forth the arguments whereby the other party seeks to establish their existence]:
TEXT (622).
"SOUNDS MUST SUBSIST IN SOMETHING, BECAUSE OF THEIR perishability AND SUCH OTHER CHARAOTERS; LIKE THE JAR, THE LAMPFLAME AND SUCH THINGS; AND THIS SOMETHING
MUST BE Akasha " -(622)
COMMENTARY.
The existence of the substance called 'Akash' is sought to be proved by the other party in the following manner :
"There must be a Substance named Akasha, permanent, ono and all-pervasive, having sound for its indicative; sound is its indicative in the sense thnt it is its quality.-This argument may be formulated as follows: Those things that are equipped with qualities like perishability and producibility, must subsist in something else ;-and the substratum' of sound can only be Akasha, as that alone has the requisite capacity. Because, the said sound cannot be the quality of the four substances-Earth, Water, Fire and Air,-a) because, while being perceptible, it is not preceded by any quality in itas Cause,-(6) because it does not last as long as the Substance lasts, and (c) bocause it is perceived in a place otler than its substratum and the qualities of all tangible things have been found to be otherwise
