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149
: Śramana, Vol 55, No. 1-6/January-June 2004
Necessities:- Human life is full of necessities which cannot be fulfilled by a single person. So all persons depend on one another for getting their necessities fulfilled. This interdependence creates cooperation among them which represents non-violence. The sociability and non-violence are co-existents. They cannot be separated. Therefore Aristotle has said -
"He who is unable to live in Society or who has no need because he is sufficient for himself, must be either a beast or god."
Umāswāti a great Jaina-thinker has defined animate (Jīva) in the following way -
3
Parasparopgraho jīvānāṁ ||2|| 3
To co-operate one another is the nature or function of Jīvās, Man is the most developed being among all beings found in the world. So he also possesses co-operative nature, and where there is co-operation there is non-violence.
Some psychologists have assigned that man has also aggressiveness or pugnancity in his nature. Frued a well-known psychologist of the present age has named this sort of human motive as Thanatos. But he has also accepted that human nature consists of both love and hatred, co-operation and contradiction. The hatred creats hurdles on the path of social development. The society is developed due to love and affection which are positive forms of non-violence.
Origin of Society
In the social philosophy, following five theories concerning origin of society have been discussed -
1. The Theory Social Contract 2. The Theory of Divine Origin 3. The Patriarchal Theory
4. The Matriarchal Theory
5. The Theory of Evolution
Among these, the theory of Social Contract is prominent, which has been established by Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau the modern social philosophers. They have analyse human nature on which origin of society is based.
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