Pramapramey

Author(s): Bhavsen Traivaidya, Vidyadhar Johrapurkar
Publisher: Gulabchand Hirachand Doshi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/001853/1

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jIvarAja jaina anthamAlA-18 zrI-bhAvasena-vidya-viracita pramA pra me ya 1686 sva. ba. jIvarAja gautamacandrajI :prakAzaka: / jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura PUR vi.saM. 2022] jIvarAja jaina graMthamAlA solApUra rupaye,901 Ja

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jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA, grantha 18 granthamAlA saMpAdaka pro. A. ne. upAdhye va pro. hIrAlAla jaina zrI-bhAvasena-vidya-viracita pramA prameya (siddhAntasAra mokSazAstra kA prathama pariccheda) prastAvanA, hindI anuvAda, tulanAtmaka TippaNI ityAdi sahita prathamavAra saMpAdita saMpAdaka prA. DaoN. vidyAdhara joharApUrakara em .e., pIeca. DI. saMskRtavibhAga, zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, maNDalA (ma. pra.) prakAzaka gulAbacanda hirAcanda dozI jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApUra. vIra ni. saM. 2492] [vikrama saM. 2022 sana 1966 jIvarAjajaina graMthamAlA solApUra mUlya

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prakAzaka : gulAbacaMda hirAcaMda dozI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApUra sarvAdhikAra surakSita mudraka : sa. rA. saradesAI, bI. e., elel.bI., 'veda-vidyA' mudraNAlaya, 41 budhavAra peTa, purNe 2.

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"JIVARAJA JAINA GRANTHAMALA No. 18 GENERAL EDITORS : Dr. A. N. UPADHYE & Dr. H. L. JAIN Bhavasena's PRAMAPRAMEYA (A treatise on Logical Topics ) Edited Authentically for the First Time with Hindi Translation, Notes ete. By Dr. V. P. JOHRAPURKAR, M. A., Ph. D. Asst. Professor of Sanskrit, Govt. Degree College, Mandla (M. P.) Published by GULABCHAND HIRACHAND DOSHI Jaina Samsketi Samraksaka Samgha. Sholapur 1966 All Rights Reserved Priceliari TUHOT solApUra

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First Edition : 750 Copies Copies of this book can be had direct from Jaina Samskrtu Samrakshaka Sangha, Santosha Bhavana, Phaltan Galli, Sholapur ( India ) Price Rs. 5/- Per copy, exclusive of Postage. jIvarAja jaina graMthamAlAkA paricaya solApUra nivAsI brahmacArI jIvarAja gautamacaMdajI dozI kaI varSoM se saMsArase udAsIna hokara dharmakAryameM apanI vRtti lagA rahe the / sana 1940 meM unakI yaha prabala icchA ho uThI ki apanI nyAyopArjita saMpattikA upayoga vizeSa rUpa se dharma aura samAjakI unnati ke kArya kareM / tadanusAra unhoMne samasta dezakA paribhramaNa kara jaina vidvAnoMse sAkSAt aura likhita sammatiyAM isa bAtakI saMgraha kI ki kaunase kAryameM saMpattikA upayoga kiyA jAya / sphuTa matasaMcaya kara leneke pazcAt san 1941 ke grISma kAla meM brahmacArIjIne tIrthakSetra gajapaMthA ( nAsika ) ke zItala vAtAvaraNa meM vidvAnoMkI samAja ekatra kI aura UhApohapUrvaka nirNaya ke lie ukta viSaya prastuta kiyA / vidvatsammelana ke phalasvarUpa brahmacArIjIne jaina saMskRti tathA sAhitya ke samasta aMgoM ke saMrakSaNa, uddhAra aura pracArake hetuse 'jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha' kI sthApanA kI aura usake lie 30000, tIsa hajArake dAnakIpaNA kara dii| unakI parigrahanivRtti bar3hatI gaI, aura san 1944 meM unhoMne lagabhaga 2,00,000, do lAkhakI apanI saMpUrNa saMpatti saMghako TrasTa rUpase arpaNa kara dI / isa taraha Apane apane sarvasva kA tyAga kara di. 16-1-57 ko atyanta sAvadhAnI aura samAdhAna se samAdhimaraNa kI ArAdhanA kI / isI saMgha ke aMtargata ' jIvarAja jaina graMthamAlA ' kA saMcAlana ho rahA haiM / prastuta graMtha isI graMthamAlAkA aThArahavA~ puSpa hai /

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pramAprameya sva. brahmacArI jIvarAja gautamacandajI dozI saMsthApaka, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApUra. .

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viSayasUcI General Editorial i-ii 11. parokSa pramANa ke bheda Introduction iii-iV 12. smRti prastAvanA (2)-(6) 13. pratyabhijJAna 1. prArambhika 14. UhApoha 2. granthakAra 15. tarka 3. prastuta grantha kA nAma 16. anumAna 4. vizvatattvaprakAza tathA pramAprameya 17. pakSa 5. pramAprameya tathA kathAvicAra 18. sAdhya 6. saMpAdanasAmagrI 19. hetu 7. pramukha viSaya 20. dRSTAnta 8. kucha pramukha vizeSatAeM 21. upanaya-nigamana 9. upasaMhAra 22. hetu pakSa kA dharma hotA hai 16 mUla grantha tathA anuvAda 23. pakSadharma hetu vyAptimAna hotA hai18 1. maMgalAcaraNa 1 24. apakSadharma hetu nahI hotA 19 2. pramANa kA lakSaNa 1 25. hetu ke lakSaNa kA samAropa 20 3. pratyakSa pramANa ke bheda 2 26. anvayavyatirekI anumAna 21 4. indriya pratyakSa 2 27. kevalAnvayI anumAna 22 5. mAnasa pratyakSa 3 28. kevalavyatirekI anumAna 23 6. avagraha Adi jJAna 4 29. anumAna ke tIna meda 25 7. yogipratyakSa-avadhijJAna 4 30. anumAnAbhAsa 8. manaHparyAya jJAna 6 31. asiddha ke bheda 9. svasaMbedana pratyakSa 6 32. sapakSa ke hote hue viruddha 10. pratyakSAbhAsa 6 ke bheda

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33. sapakSa ke abhAva meM viruddha ke bheda 34. pakSavyApaka anaikAntika ke bheda 35. pakSaikadezI anaikAntika ke bheda 36. akiMcitkara 37. anadhyavasita 38. kAlAtyayApadiSTha 39. prakaraNasama 40. anvaya dRSTAntAbhAsa 41. vyatireka dRSTAntAbhAsa 42. dRSTAntAbhAsoM meM vyApti kI vikalatA 43. tarka 44. tarka ke doSa 45. chala 46. vAkchala . 47. sAmAnyachala 48. upacArachala 49. jAtiyAM 50. sAdharmyasamA vaidharmya samA 51. utkarSasamA- apakarSasamA 52. varNyasamA avarNyasamA 52. vikalpasamA (2) 54. asiddhAdisamA 55. anyatarA siddhasamA 56. prAptisamA - aprAptisamA 57. prasaMgasamA 58. pratidRSTAntasamA 59. utpattisamA 60. saMzayasamA 61. prakaraNa samA 39 62. ahetusamA 40 31 33 35 36 37 42 43 63. arthApattisamA 64. avizeSasamA 65. upapattisamA 66. upalabdhisamA-anupa labdhisamA 67. nityasamA va anityasamA 68. kAryasamA 69. jAtiyoM kI saMkhyA 43 45 47 48 48 70. nigrahasthAna 49 71. pratijJAhAni 50 72. pratijJAntara 51 73. pratijJAvirodha 51 74. pratijJAsaMnyAsa 52 75. hetvAntara 53 54 76. arthAntara 77. nirarthaka 54 55 56 57 58 58 59 60 60 61. 61 62 62 63 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 :

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78. avizAtArthaka 79. apArthaka 80. aprAptakAla 81. hIna 82. adhika 83. anya nigrahasthAna 84. nigraharayAnoM kA upasaMhAra 85. chala Adi kA prayoga 86. vAda 87, vyAkhyAvAda 88. goSThIvAda 89. vivAdavAda 90. vAda ke cAra aMga 91. sabhApati 92. sabhya 93. pakSapAta kI nindA 94. vAdI aura prativAdI 95. tAttvika vAda 96. prAtibhavAda 97. niyatArthavAda 98. parArthanavAda 19. patra kA lakSaNa 100. patra ke aMga 101. patra kA svarUpa 69 102. patra ke viSaya meM jaya aura parAjaya 103. vAda aura jalpa 104. cAra kathAeM 105. tIna kathAeM 106. vAda ke lakSaNa kA khaNDana 94 107. jalpa ke lakSaNa kA khaNDana 96 108. vAda aura jalpa meM bheda nahI 97 109. kyA vAda kA sAdhana 76 pramANa hai ? 99 da kA sAdhana 79 tarka hai ? 10. 111. kyA vAda kA siddhAnta aviruddha hotA hai ! 102 112. vAda ke pAMca avayava 103 113. vAda aura anumAna 84 meM bheda 114. pAMca avayavoM kA dUsarA artha 115. vAda meM pakSa aura pratipakSa 106 87 116. nalpa ke lakSaNa kA khaNDana 107 88 117. vitaNDA ke lakSaNa kA khaNDana 104

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118. jalpa-vitaNDA tattva ke 125. dravyapramANa rakSaka nahI haiM 110 126. kSetrapramANa 119. vAda hI tatva kA rakSaka hai 111 127. kAlapramANa 121 120. kyA jalpa-vitaNDA vijaya ke lie hote haiM. 128. upamAnapramANa 121 121. vAda vijaya ke lie 129. anya pramANoM kA hotA hai 113 antarbhAva 123 122. vAda aura jalpa meM abheda 115 130. upasaMhAra 124 123. Agama 117 tulanA aura samIkSA 125-156 124. AgamAbhAsa 118 zlokasUcI 157-58

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GENERAL EDITORIAL Bhavasena-Traividya belongs to Mulasamgha and Senagana. He is well-known as a successful disputant. He bears the title Traividya which indicates his proficiency in Vyakarana, Nyaya and Siddhanta. He is to be assigned to the latter half of the thirteenth century A. D. Additional details about him and his works are already given in the Introduction to the Visvatattva--Prakasa, published, in this Series, as 'No. 16. One more work, the Pramaprameya, of Bhavasena is being presented in this volume along with Hindi translation etc. The title of the text is differently mentioned by the author himself. It is called Pramaprameya in the opening verse, but at the end of the work it is described to be the first Pariccheda, Pramana-nirupana by name, of the Siddha. intasara-Moksasastra. Obviously then it is a part of a bigger work which has not come to light so far. Its contents, i however, make it a self-sufficient unit. In a way the topics dealt with here are complimentary to those in the Visvatattva-Prakasa which too, like this work, is an opening portion of a bigger treatise. The Pramaprameya is a manual and presents in a simple : Style the details about Pramana as understood in Jaina metaphysics and logic. The treatment is more of the Nyaya pattern and very well suited to introduce the students into the preliminaries of Jaina Nyaya. The author's discussion about anumana, abhasa, vada etc. is exhaustive. Bhavasena has presented a useful manual the duscussion in which is founded on the fundamentals of Jainism but absorbs a good deal of the Nyaya school.

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(ii) Our sincere thanks are due to Dr. V.P. JOHRAPURKAR who placed this valuable edition of the Pramaprameya at our disposal for publication. Besides the Hindi translation of the text, he has added valuable Notes at the end which will help the reader to grasp allied material from other works. It is hoped that he would bring to light other unpublished works of Bhavasena, of the Mss. (now in Germany) of which we have been able to secure the microfilm copies. It gives us pleasure to iecord our sincere gratitude to the members of the Trust Committee and Praband hasamiti of the Sangha for their keen interest in the progress of the Jivaraja Jaina Granthamala. It is a pleasure to be guided by the President of the Trust Committee, Shriman (ULABCHAND HIRACHANDAJI who shows enlightened liberalism in shaping the policy of the Granthamala. Further, we offer our sincere thanks to Shriman WALCHAND DEVACHANDAJI and to Shriman MAN KCHANDA VIRACHANDAJI who are taking active interest in these publications. But for their co-operation and help it would have been difficult for the General Editors to pilot the various publications from a distance. Kolhapur Jabalpur 7-1-1966 A. N. UPADHYR H. L. JAIN General Editors.

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INTRODUCTION Summary of Hindi Prastavana) The Pramaprameya is the second philosophical treatise of Bhavasena coming to light. We have given detailed information about the author in our introduction to his Visvatattvaprakasa. He was a prominent teacher of the Sena-gana and flourished in the latter half of the 13th century. He wrote two books on grammar and eight on logic and metaphysics. This book is styled as the first chapter of Siddhanta sara. Moksasastra, containing discussion about Jaina theories of valid knowledge (pramana). Probably the latter part of the book was devoted to the subjects of valid knowledge (prameya ) but its existence is not known. We may note here that Visvatattvaprakasa is also styled by the author as the first chapter of a Moksasastra. In a way, these two books are complimentary to each other. We have prepared this edition from the Nagari transscript of a palm-leaf manuscript in Kannada characters obtained from the Jaina Matha of Humcha through the kind co-operation of Swami DEVENDRAKIRTIJI. The transcript was prepared by Mr. PADMANABHA SHARMA of Mysore. The MS is in a fairly good condition. The text is obscure in only one or two places. As noted above, the book contains a discussion of the Jaina theories of valid knowledge. The author has tried to. synthesise the traditional Jaina theories with the thenavailable Buddhist and Nyaya doctrines. He divides direct knowledge ( pratyaksa) in four categories : sensation, mental.

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(iv) consciousness, self-consciousness and the knowledge of the Yogins. His description of the nature of reason (hetu) mainly follows the Nyaya views. Various faults in a debate (jati and nigrahasthana ) are also described according to the Nyaya tradition. The author criticises the three or four types of debate (vada, jalpa and vitanda) described in the Nyaya Sutra. He classifies the debate in three (vyakhya, gosthi and vivada ) or four (tattvika, pratibha, niyatartha and pararthana) types. He devotes the concluding paragraphs to various methods of counting and measurements, and includes them in Karana-Pramana. Though smaller in size than the Visvakattvaprakasa, this book is more important, as it brings to light a new approach to the problems of Jaina epistemology. We hope that other * works of Bhavasena will also be published in near future.

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prastAvanA 1. prArambhika--AcArya bhAvasena traividyadeva kA vizvatattvaprakAza nAmaka grantha kucha hI samaya pahale isI granthamAlA meM prakAzita huA hai| una kA nyAyaviSayaka dUsarA grantha 'pramAprameya' aba hama prastuta kara rahe haiN| 2. granthakAra--isa grantha ke kartA AcArya bhAvasena kA vistRta paricaya hamane vizvatattvaprakAza kI prastAvanA meM diyA hai| ataH yahAM usa kA sArAMza hI denA kAphI hogA / pranthakAra mUlasaMgha, senagaNa ke AcArya the / traividya yaha una kI upAdhi thI arthAta ve vyAkaraNa, tarka aura Agama ina tIna vidyAoM meM pAraMgata the| una ke samAdhimaraNa kA smAraka Andhra pradeza ke anantapura jile meM amarApuram grAma ke samIpa hai| isa smAraka kA zilAlekha kannaDa bhASA meM hai tathA vizvatattvaprakAza kI prazasti ke kucha padya bhI kannaDa meM haiM / ataH granthakAra bhI kannaDabhASI rahe hoMge aisA pratIta hotA hai| una ke nAma se granthasUciyoM meM nimnalikhita granthoM kA patA calatA hai1. vizvatattvaprakAza, 2. kAtantrarUpamAlA, 3. pramAprameya, 4. siddhAntasAra, 5. nyAyasUryAvalI, 6. bhuktimuktivicAra, 7. saptapadArthITIkA, 8. zAkaTAyanavyAkaraNa TIkA, 9. nyAyadIpikA tathA 10. kthaavicaar| ina meM se pahale do prakAzita ho cuke haiN| tIsarA isa pustaka meM prakAzita ho rahA hai| cauthe, pAMcaveM tathA chaThaveM grantha ke sUkSmacitra jarmanI se prApta hue haiM kintu una ke adhyayana kA prabandha abhI nahI ho sakA hai| zeSa granthoM ke bAre meM adhika vivaraNa nahI mila sakA hai| granthakAra kA samaya terahavIM sadI ke uttarArdha meM anumAnita hai / unhoM ne bArahavIM sadI taka ke granthoM kA upayoga kiyA hai tathA turuSkazAstra kA ullekha kiyA hai, ataH sana 1250 yaha una ke samaya kI pUrvamaryAdA hai| una kI kAtantrarUpamAlA kI eka prati sana 1367 kI likhI hai, yahI una ke samaya kI uttaramaryAdA hai| 3. prastuta grantha kA nAma---granthakartA ne isa grantha ke nAmakA do prakAra se ullekha kiyA hai - prathama zloka meM pramAprameya yaha nAma

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( 2. " diyA hai tathA antima puSpikA meM ise siddhAntasAra mokSazAstra kA pramANanirUpaNa nAmaka pahalA pariccheda batalAyA hai / ina meM se hama ne pahalA nAma hI zIrSaka ke lie upayukta samajhA hai kyoM ki eka to usa kA ullekha pahale huA hai, dUsare, vaha grantha ke viSaya ke anurUpa hai tathA granthasUciyoM meM bhI vahI ullikhita hai / granthakartA dvArA ullikhita dUsare nAma ke siddhAntasAra tathA mokSazAstra ye donoM aMza dUsare granthoM ke lie prayukta hote Aye haiM jinacandrakRta siddhAntasAra mANikacandra granthamAlA meM prakAzita ho cukA haiM tathA narendrasenakRta siddhAntasArasaMgraha isI jIvarAja granthamAlA meM prakAzita huA hai - ataH isa nAma ko hama ne gauNa sthAna diyA hai| usa nAma se prantha ke viSaya kA bodha bhI nahI hotA / 4. vizvatattvaprakAza tathA pramAprameya -- yahAM eka bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai ki pramAprameya ko granthakAra ne siddhAntasAra - mokSazAstra kA pramANanirUpaNa nAmaka pahalA pariccheda batAyA haiM, isa se anumAna hotA hai ki isa grantha kA agalA pariccheda prameyoM ke bAre meM hogA / isI prakAra vizvatattvaprakAza mokSazAstra ke pahale pariccheda ke anta meM AcArya ne use azeSaparamatavicAra yaha nAma diyA hai, isa se anumAna hotA hai ki usa ke dUsare pariccheda meM svamata kA samarthana hogaa| durbhAgya se ina donoM granthoM ke ye uttarArdha prApta nahIM haiM / ekataraha se ye donoM pUrvArdha eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiM kyoM ki isa pramAnameya meM pramANoM kA vicAra hai tathA vizvatattvaprakAza meM prameyoM kA vicAra hai | 5. pramAprameya tathA kathAvicAra - granthakartA ne vizvatastraprakAza meM tIna sthAnoM para kathAvicAra nAma kA ullekha karate hue sUcita kiyA hai ki usa meM anumAnasaMbaMdhI vividha viSayoMkI carcA hai / ve prAyaH saba viSaya isa pramAprameya meM varNita haiM / tathA isa ke pariccheda 103 se 122 taka vizeSa rUpa se kathA ( bAda ke prakAroM ) kA hI vicAra kiyA gayA hai / ataH sandeha hotA hai. ki AcArya ne isI aMza kA vizvatattvaprakAza meM ullekha kiyA hogA / kintu yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki isa viSaya para unhoM ne

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koI svatantra grantha bhI vistAra se likhA ho kyoM ki zabda ke anityatva ke viSaya meM prAbhAkara mImAMsakoM ke mata kA khaMDana isa pramAprameya meM nahI pAyA jAtA jisakA ullekha vizvatattvaprakAza pR. 93 para hai / 6. sampAdanasAmagrI--isa grantha kI ekamAtra tADapatrIya prati ke darzana hamane hummaca ke zrIdevendrakIrti svAmIjI ke maTha meM kiye the| yaha prati kannaDa lipi meM hai| maisUra ke zrI padmanAbha zarmA ke sahayoga se isa kA devanAgarI rUpAntara hameM prApta huaa| maTha se prati prApta karane meM zrImAna paMDita bhujabali zAstrIjI kA sahayoga bhI ullekhanIya rhaa| isI prati se yaha saMskaraNa taiyAra kiyA gayA hai| prati bahuta zuddha hai / kevala eka sthAna para (pariccheda 25 meM) hama arthanirNaya karane meM asaphala rahe haiN| jaisA ki Upara kahA hai - yaha grantha eka baDe grantha kA pahalA pariccheda hai / ataH isa meM kisI upavibhAga yA prakaraNa Adi kA vibhAjana nahIM hai| adhyayana tathA anuvAda kI suvidhA ke lie hamane ise 130 paricchedoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai tathA viSayAnusArI zIrSaka diye haiM | anuvAda prAyaH zabdazaH kiyA hai tathA spaSTIkaraNa kA bhAga braikeToM meM rakhA hai| 7. pramukha viSaya--isa grantha meM AcArya ne pramANa arthAta yathArtha jJAna ke svarUpa se saMbaMdhita sabhI viSayoM kA varNana kiyA hai| prathama pariccheda meM maMgalAcaraNa tathA viSayanirdeza karane ke bAda dUsare pariccheda meM pramANa kA lakSaNa samyak jJAna athavA padArthayAthAtmyanizcaya yaha batalAyA hai| pari0 3 se 10 taka pratyakSa pramANa tathA usa ke cAra bhedoM kA - indriyapratyakSa, mAnasapratyakSa, yogipratyakSa evaM svasaMvedanapratyakSa kA varNana hai| pari. 11 se 15 taka parokSa pramANa tathA usake prakAroM kA - smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka va UhApoha kA varNana hai| parokSaM pramANa kA saba se mahattvapUrNa prakAra anumAna hai, usa ke chaha avayavoM kA - pakSa, sAdhya, hetu, dRSTAnta, upanaya, tathA nigamana kA varNana pari. 16 se 21 taka hai| ina avayavoM meM se hetu ke lakSaNa kI vizeSa carcA pari. 22 se 25 taka hai| pari. 26 se 28 taka anumAna ke tIna prakAra batalAye haiM - kevalAnvayI, kevalavyatirekI tathA anvayavyatirekI / pari. 29 meM isa se bhinna prakAra bhI batalAye haiM - dRSTa,

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(8) sAmAnyatodRSTa tathA adRSTa | anumAna ke AbhAsa ke saMbaMdha meM asiddha, viruddha, anaikAntika, anadhyavasita, kAlAtyayApadiSTa, akiMcitkara tathA prakaraNasama ina sAta hetvAbhAsoM kA varNana pari 30 se 42 taka hai / pari. 43-44 meM AtmAzraya, itaretarAzraya Adi tarka ke prakAra tathA una ke doSoM kA varNana haiM | pari. 45 se 48 taka chala tathA usa ke tIna prakAroM kA - vAkUchala, sAmAnyachala aura upacArachala kA varNana hai / pari. 49 se 69 taka jAti arthAta jhUThe dUSaNoM ke caubIsa prakAroM kA varNana hai / pari. 70 se 85 taka nigrahasthAna arthAta bAda meM parAjaya hone ke kAraNoM ke bAIsa prakAroM kA varNana hai / pari. 86 se 98 taka vAda ke prakAroM tathA aMgoM kA varNana hai / vyAkhyAvAda, goSTIvAda tathA vivAdavAda ye vAda ke tIna prakAra haiM / athavA tAttvika, prAtibha, niyatArtha evaM parArthana ye vAda ke cAra prakAra haiM / tathA sabhApati, sabhAsada, vAdI aura prativAdI ye vAda ke cAra aMga haiM / pari. 99 se 102 taka patra tathA usa ke aMgoM kA varNana hai / pari. 103 se 122 taka bAda aura jalpa ke nyAya darzana meM kahe gaye lakSaNoM kA khaNDana karake bAda aura jalpa meM abheda sthApita kiyA hai / pari. 123-124 meM Agama tathA usa ke AbhAsa kA varNana hai / pari. 125 se 128 taka karaNa pramANa arthAta nApataula kI paddhatiyoM kA varNana hai / pari. 129 meM anya darzanoM meM varNita pramANoM kA uparyukta vyavasthA meM samAveza karane kI rIti batalAI hai tathA pari. 130 meM antima puSpikA hai / 8. kucha pramukha vizeSatAeM-- AcArya ne pramANa ke vividha viSayoM para jo vicAra vyakta kiye haiM una kI anya jaina - jainetara AcAryoM ke vicAroM se tulanA karane kA prayAsa hamane antima TippaNoM meM kiyA hai / yahAM isa tulanA se jJAta honevAlI kucha pramukha vizeSatAoM kA ullekha karate haiM / (a) pramANa ke lakSaNa meM apUrvArtha yA anadhigatArtha ke grahaNa jaisA koI zabda nahI hai | (A) pratyakSa pramANa ke cAra bheda kiye haiM - indriyapratyakSa, mAnasa pratyakSa, yogipratyakSa, svasaMvedanapratyakSa /

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(5) (i) parokSa pramANa ke chaha bheda kiye haiM- smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, UhApoha, anumAna, Agama / - (I) anumAna ke chaha avayava mAne haiM upanaya, nigamana | pakSa, sAdhya, hetu, dRSTAnta, ( u ) hetukA lakSaNa anyathAnupapatti na mAnakara vyAptimAna pakSadharma honA mAnA hai / (U) anumAna ke do prakAroM se bheda kiye haiM - kevalAnvayI, kevalavyatirekI tathA anvayavyatirekI; dRSTa, sAmAnyatodRSTa, adRSTa / (R) hetvAbhAsoM ke sAta prakAra kiye haiM- asiddha, viruddha, anaikAntika, akiMcitkara, anadhyavasita, kAlAtyayApadiSTa tathA prakaraNasama | ( R) AtmAzraya, itaretarAzraya Adi ke lie bhI tarka zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / (la.) jAtiyoMkI saMkhyA bIsa batalAI hai / ( 9 ) vAda ke tIna ( vyAkhyA, goSTI, vivAda ) tathA cAra ( tAtvika, prAtibha, niyatArtha, parArthana ) prakAra batalAye haiM / (ai) bAda aura jalpa meM bheda hone kA prabala khaNDana kiyA haiM / (o) karaNa pramANa ke antargata dravya, kSetra tathA kAla ke nApane ke prakAra batalAye haiM | (au) upamAnapramANa ke antargata Agamika paraMparA ke palya, rajju Adi kI gaNanA bhI batalAI hai / ina bAtoM ke avalokana se spaSTa hogA ki jahAM AcArya ne prAcIna jaina Agamika paramparA ke bhAvapramANa, karaNapramANa, pratyakSa-parokSa Adi bhedoM ko surakSita rakhA hai, vahA pratyakSa ke bheda, hetu kA lakSaNa, hetvAbhAsa Adi ke varNana meM bauddha tathA naiyAyika vidvAnoM ke vicAroM se bhI lAbha uThAyA hai / jaina jainetara vicAroM ke samanvaya kI isa dRSTi se yaha grantha mahattvapUrNa siddha hogA /

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9. upasaMhAra--AcArya bhAvasena kA yaha dUsarA nyAyaviSayaka grantha prakAzita ho rahA hai / una ke pahale grantha vizvatattvaprakAza kI tulanA meM yaha grantha kAphI choTA hai tathA pratyeka viSaya kI sAMdhaka-bAdhaka carcA bhI isa meM utane vistAra se nahIM hai / tathApi vicAroM kI svatantratA kI dRSTi se isa kA mahattva adhika siddha hogaa| hameM AzA hai ki AcArya ke zeSa granthoM ke prakAzana kA prabandha bhI nikaTa bhaviSya meM ho skegaa| isa grantha kI prati kI prApti ke lie hama zrIdevendrakIrti svAmIjI, hummaca, zrI. paMDita bhujabali zAstrIjI, muDabidrI tathA zrI. padmanAbha zarmA, maisUra ke bahuta AbhArI haiM / isa ke prakAzana kI svIkRti ke lie AdaraNIya DaoN. upAdhyejI tathA DaoN. hIrAlAlajI ke prati bhI hama kRtajJatA vyakta karate haiN| jAvarA dIpAvalI zaka 1886 ) vidyAdhara joharApurakara

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[ siddhAntasAra- mokSazAstrasya prathamaH paricchedaH ] // namaH siddhebhyaH // zrI- bhAva sena- traividyadeva-viracitaM pramAprameyam [ 1. maGgalAcaraNam ] zrIvardhamAnaM surarAja pUjyaM sAkSAtkRtAzeSa padArthatattvam / saukhyAkaraM muktipatiM praNamya pramAprameyaM prakaTaM pravakSye // 1 // bAlavyutpatyartha zAstramidaM racyate mayA spaSTam / udezalakSaNAdau soDhavyaM vizvavidvadbhiH // 2 // [ 2. pramANalakSaNam ] atha kiM pramANam / padArthayAthAtmyanizcayaH pramANam / tacca bhAvapramANaM karaNa pramANamiti dvividham / pramitiH pramANamiti bhAvavyutpattyA [ anuvAda ] devoM ke rAjA - indroM dvArA pUjita, sukha ke Akara ke svAmI, tathA samasta padArthoM ke svarUpa ko jinhoM ne hai una zrIvardhamAna mahAvIra jina ko praNAma kara ke maiM una ke viSayoM kA spaSTa varNana karUMgA || M ajJAnI logoM ko jJAna karAne ke lie maiM isa zAstra kI spaSTa rUpa se racanA karatA hUM | isa ke uddezoM-saMjJAoM meM tathA lakSaNoM - vyAkhyAoM Adi meM (koI truTi ho to use ) samasta vidvAna sahana kareM ( - kSamA kara ke sudhAreM ) / zreSTha nidhi, mukti sAkSAt pratyakSa jAnA pramAprameya-pramANa tathA pramANa kA lakSaNa pramANa kyA hai ? padArtha ke vAstavika svarUpake nizcaya ko ( - yathArtha jJAna ko ) pramANa kahate haiM / usake do prakAra haiM P bhAva pramANa tathA karaNa

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pramAprameyam [1.3 samyak jJAnameva pramANam / prakarSeNa saMzayaviparyAsAnadhyavasAyavyavacchedena mIyate nizcIyate vastutattvaM yena tat pramANamiti karaNavyutpatyA samyakjJAnasAdhanaM pramANam / tat pratyakSaM parokSamiti dvividham // [3. pratyakSapramANabhedAH] tatra padArthAnAM sAkSAt pratItyantarAjyavadhAnena vedanaM pratyakSam / tatsAdhanaM ca / tacca indriyapratyakSaM mAnasapratyakSaM yogipratyakSaM svasaMvedanapratyakSamiti caturdhA // [4. indriyapratyakSam ] ___ AtmAvadhAnenAvyagramanasA sahakRtAt nirduSTendriyAt jAtam indriyapratyakSam / indriyaM ca sparzanarasanaghrANacakSuHzrotrendriyamiti paJcavidham / tat pratyekaM dravyabhAvabhedAt dvividham / nirvRttyupakaraNe drvyendriym| tatra nirvRttiH naanaakssurprkundkuddmlmsuuryvnaaliisNsthaanaa| pramANa / pramiti hI pramANa hai isa bhAva-vyutpatti ke anusAra samyak jJAna hI pramANa hai| uttama rItise arthAt saMzaya, viparyAsa tathA anizcaya ko dUra kara ke jo vastutattvakA kA nizcaya karatA hai vaha pramANa hai isa karaNa-vyuptatti ke anusAra samyaka jJAna kA sAdhana pramANa kahalAtA hai / pramANa ke do prakAra haiM-pratyakSa tathA parokSa / pratyakSa pramANa ke bheda sAkSAta arthAta dUsare jJAna ke vyavadhAna ke vinA jo padArthoM kA jAnanA hai vaha pratyakSa pramANa hai| usa jAnane ke sAdhana ko bhI pratyakSa pramANa kahate haiM / usa ke cAra prakAra haiM - iMdriya pratyakSa, mAnasa pratyakSa, yogipratyakSa tathA svasaMvedana pratyakSa / indriya pratyakSa AtmA kA avadhAna hone para tathA mana vyagra na ho usa samaya - ina donoM ke sahakArya se nirdoSa iMdriya se prApta honevAlA jJAna iMdriya-pratyakSa hai / iMdriya pAnA prakAra ke haiM - sparzana, rasana, prANa, cakSu tathA zrotra / ina meM pratyeka ke do prakAra haiM -- dravya-indriya tathA bhAva-indriya / dravyendriya ke do bhAga haiM . . nivRtti tathA upakaraNa / ina meM nivRtti ( indriya kA antarbhAga) (sparzanendriya ke lie ) kaI prakArako, (rasanendriya ke lie) khurapI ke

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-- 1.5] mAnasapratyakSa upakaraNaM sarvAGgatvagjihnAnAsa golakapakSma puTakarNazaSkulIvivaraprabhRti / manaso hRdaye aSTadalapadmAkAraM dravyendriyam / labdhyupayogau bhAvendriyam / tatra jJAnAvaraNakSayopazamaH labdhiH / Atmano grahaNavyApAra upayogaH / sparza rasagandharUpazabdAtmasmRtyAdayo viSayAH // [5. mAnasapratyakSam ] AtmAvadhAnena sahakRtAt mAnasAt jAtaM mAnasapratyakSam / spazanarANazrotrendriyaM prAtAyeM jJAnajanakam / cakSuraprA tArthe / mAnasaM svAtmani AkAra kI, ( ghrANendriya ke lie ) kunda kI kalI jaisI, ( cakSu indriya ke lie ) masUra ke dAne jaisI tathA ( karNa indriya ke lie ) jau kI nAlI jaisI hotI hai / (sparzanendriya ke lie ) upakaraNa saMpUrNa zarIra kI tvacA hai, ( rasanendriya ke lie ) jIma, ( ghrANendriya ke lie ) nAka kA gola bhAga, ( cakSu indriya ke lie ) palakeM, tathA ( karNa indriya ke lie ) kAna kA zaSkulIvira upakaraNa hotA hai / hRdaya ke sthAna meM ATha paMkhuDiyoM ke kamala ke AkAra kA mana hai, vaha mana ke lie dravyendriya ( dravyamana ) samajhanA cAhie / bhAvendriya ke do bhAga haiM - labdhi tathA upayoga / jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama ko labdhi kahate haiM / AtmA dvArA ( padArtha ke ) grahaNa ( jAnane ) ke lie prayatna karanA yaha upayoga kahalAtA hai / sparza, rasa, gandha, rUpa, zabda tathA apanA svarUpa evaM smRti Adi ( ina indriyoM ke tathA mana ke ) viSaya haiM | mAnasa pratyakSa AtmA ke avadhAna ke sahakArya se mana dvArA jo jJAna prApta hotA hai vaha mAnasa pratyakSa hai / sparzana, rasana, prANa tathA zrotra ye iMdriya prApta artha kA ( - jisa se saMparka ho usI padArtha kA ) jJAna karAte haiM / cakSu aprAta artha ( jisa se saMparka na ho usa padArtha ) kA jJAna karAtA hai / AmA tathA usakI buddhi, sukha, dukha, icchA, dveSa evaM prayatna ke prApta hone para mana una ke viSaya meM pratyakSa jJAna utpanna karatA hai / smRti, pratyabhijJAna, UhApoha,

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pramAprameyam [1.6 -- tadIyabuddhisukhaduHkhecchAdveSaprayatne ca prApte pratyakSaM jJAnaM janayati / smRtipratyabhijJAnohApohatarkAnumAnAgamAdiparokSajJAnam aprApte janayati // [6. avagrahAdayaH] anabhyaste viSaye sarvendriyebhyaH avagrahehAvAyadhAraNAjJAnAni jaaynte| tatra indriyArthasaMbandhAdutpannamAdyajJAnam avgrhH| ayamekaH padArtha iti / avagrahagRhItArthe vizeSapratipattiH iihaa| puruSeNAnena bhavitavyamiti / IhitArthe nirNayaH avaayH| puruSa evAyamiti / kAlAntarAvismaraNahetusaMskArajanakaM dhAraNAjJAnam / sa evAyaM vRkSaH iti / abhyasta-- viSaye tvAdAveva avAyadhAraNe jaayete| na tvavagrahehe // [7. yogipratyakSam-avadhijJAnam ] dhyAnavizeSAdAvaraNakSayAt vizuddhAtmAntaHkaraNasaMyogAt jAtaH. sakalapadArthaspaSTAvabhAsaH yonipratyakSam / jJAnAvaraNasya viziSTakSayopaza tarka anumAna tathA Agama ityAdi parokSa jJAna aprApta artha ke viSaya meM mana. utpanna karatA hai| avagraha Adi jJAna jaba viSaya paricita nahIM ho taba saba indriyoM se usa ke bAre meM avagraha, IhA, avAya tathA dhAraNA ye jJAna hote haiN| yaha eka padArtha hai isa taraha indriya aura padArtha ke sambandha se utpanna honevAlA prAthamika jJAna avagraha kahalAtA hai / avagraha se jAne hue padArtha ke viSaya meM vizeSa vicAra ko IhA kahate haiM, jaise - yaha puruSa honA caahie| IhA se jAne hue padArtha ke bAre meM nizcaya honA yaha avAya jJAna hai, jaise-yaha puruSahI hai| samaya bItane para bhI usa padArtha ko na bhUlane ke kAraNabhUta saMskAra ko utpanna kare vaha dhAraNAjJAna hai, jaise-yaha vahI vRkSa hai| paricita viSaya ke bAre meM pahale hI avAya tathA dhAraNA jJAna hote haiM, avagraha tathA IhA jJAna nahI hote / yogipratyakSa - avadhijJAna viziSTa dhyAna se ( jJAnake ) AvaraNa kA kSaya hone para vizuddha AtmA kA antaHkaraNa se saMyoga hone para jo sabhI padArthoM kA spaSTa jJAna

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-~1.7] yogipratyakSa mAjAtam avdhimn:pryaayjnyaanmiissdyogiprtykssm| pudgalAn saMsArijIvAn avadhIkRtya jAnAtItyavadhijJAnam , dezaparamasarvAvadhimedAt trividham / tatra dezAvadhiH bhavapratyayo guNapratyayazca / bhavapratyayo dezAvadhe. mdhymH| sa ca tIrthakarakumAradevanArakANAM srvaanggotthH| guNapratyayaH manuSyatirazcA naabherupritnsvstiknndyaavrtaadishubhcihnotthH| tadvibhaGgo naabherdhstnd1raadyshubhcihnotthH| dezAvadherjaghanyaH saamaanymnussytirshcaam| utkRSTaH saMyatAnAmeva / RjumtimnHpryaayshc| guNapratyayAvadhau anugAmyananugAmyavasthitAnavasthitavardhamAnahIyamAnabhedAzca / paramAvadhisarvAvadhI caramazarIraviratAnAmeva / vipulamatimanaHparyAyazca // hotA hai use yogipratyakSa kahate haiN| jJAna ke AvaraNa ke viziSTa kSayopazama se utpanna hue avadhijJAna tathA manaHparyAyajJAna ISadyogipratyakSa haiN| pudgala tathA saMsArI jIvoM ko viziSTa avadhi (maryAdA ) taka jAnatA hai use avadhijJAna kahate haiN| usa ke tIna prakAra haiM - dezAvadhi, paramAvadhi tathA sarvAvadhi / dezAvadhi do prakAra kA hotA hai-bhavapratyaya tathA guNapratyaya / bhavapratyaya (viziSTa janma ke kAraNa prApta honevAlA) avadhijJAna dezAvadhi kA madhyama prakAra hai, vaha tIrthaMkaroM ko bAla avasthA meM tathA devoM aura nArakI jIvoM ko ( janmataH ) prApta hotA hai tathA saMpUrNa zarIra meM udbhUta hotA hai / guNapratyaya (tapasyA Adi viziSTa guNoM se prApta honevAlA) avadhijJAna . manuSya tathA tiryacoM (pazu-pakSiyoM ) ko prApta ho sakatA hai tathA nAbhi ke Upara ke svastika, nandyAvarta Adi zubha cinhoM se udbhUta hotA hai ! isa jJAna kA vibhaMga ( mithyAtva se yukta guNapratyaya avadhijJAna) nAbhi ke nIce ke dardura (meMDhaka ) jaise azubha cinhoM se udbhUta hotA hai| dezAvadhi kA javanya prakAra sAmAnya manuSya tathA tiryacoM ko prApta ho sakatA hai| dezAvadhi kA utkRSTa "prakAra sirpha saMyatoM ( mahAvratadhArI muniyoM ) ko hI prApta ho sakatA hai / Rju. mati manaHparyAyajJAna bhI saMyatoM ko hI hotA hai / guNapratyaya avadhijJAna ke chaha bheda hote haiM- anugAmI (eka sthAna se dUmare sthAna meM sAtha jAye vaha ), ananugAmI (dUsare sthAna meM sAtha na jAnevAlA ), avasthita jisa kI jAnane kI zakti sthira ho), anavasthita (jisa kI jAnane ko zakti kama-adhika hotI ho ), vardhamAna (baDhanevAlA) tathA hIyamAna (kama honevaalaa)| paramA

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6 [8. manaHparyAyajJAnam ] para manasi sthitamarthaM manasA paryeti jAnAtIti manaHparyAyajJAnam / RjuvipulamatI iti dvaidham / RjumanovAkkAya sthitavartamAna puruSacintitamartha jAnad Rjumati / RjuvakramanovAkkAyasthita atItAnAgatavartamAnapuruSacintitamartha jAnad vipulamati // [ 9. svasaMvedana pratyakSam ] sakalajJAnAnAM svasvarUpa saMvedanaM svasaMvedana pratyakSam // [ 10. 0. pratyakSAbhAsaH ] manaH paryayayogisvasaMvedana pratyakSAdanyatra pratyakSAbhAso'pi / sa ca saMzayaviparyAsabhedAt dvedhA / anadhyavasAyasya abhAvatvena pratyakSAbhAsatvAvadhi tathA sarvAvadhi evaM vipulamati manaHparyAyajJAna kevala caramazarIrI muniyoM ko ( jo usI janma ke anta meM mukta hoMge unhIM ko ) prApta hotA hai / manaH paryAya jJAna pramAprameyam dUsare ke mana meM sthita artha- vicAra Adi ko mana se prApta kare arthAta jAne vaha manaHparyAya jJAna hai / isa ke do prakAra haiM- Rjumati tathA vipulamati / sarala mana, vANI tathA zarIra se yukta vartamAna samaya ke puruSoM ke vicAre hue artha ko jAne vaha Rjumati manaH paryAya jJAna hai / bhUtakAla, bhaviSyakAla tathA vartamAnakAla ke sarala tathA vakra donoM prakAra ke mana, vANI tathA zarIra se yukta puruSoM ke vicAre hue artha kA jAne vaha vipulamati manaHparyAyajJAna hai| svasaMvedana pratyakSa [1.8 sabhI jJAna apane apane svarUpa ko jAnate haiM isI jJAna ko svasaMvedana -- pratyakSa kahate haiM / pratyakSAbhAsa manaH paryAya, yogipratyakSa tathA svasaMvedana pratyakSa ko choDa kara anyatra ( dUsare ) pratyakSa jJAnoM ke AbhAsa bhI hote haiM / usa ke do prakAra haiM-saMzaya tathA viparyAsa | anadhyavasAya ( nizcaya kA abhAva ) pratyakSAbhAsa nahI hai kyoM ki ( jJAna kA ) abhAva yaha usa kA svarUpa hai ( galata jJAna ko.

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-1.10] pratyakSAbhAsa bhaavH| tatra sAdhAraNAkAradarzanAt vizeSAdarzanAt ubhayavizeSasmaraNAt sNshyH| ayaM sthANurvA puruSo veti| vAdivipratipatteH zabdo nityaH anityo veti / kvacidanupalabdhezca atra pizAco'sti na veti| sAdhA. raNAkAradarzanAt vizeSAdarzanAt viparItavizeSasmaraNAt vipryyH| sthANau puruSajJAnam, rajau sarpabuddhiH, zuktikAzakale rajatapratipattiH, marIcikAyAM jlaavbodhH| arthAnAmapratipattiH andhyvsaayH| sa ca jJAnasya prAgabhAvaH saMskArarahitapradhvaMsAbhAvazca, na tu gacchattRNasparzAdijJAnam , tasyAvagrahAdijJAnatvena pramANatvAt / iti prtykssprpnycH|| AbhAsa kahate haiM, anadhyavasAya meM nizcaya kA abhAva hone se use sahI yA galata nahIM kaha sakate, ataH vaha AbhAsa nahI hai)| do padArthoM meM sAmAnya AkAra ke dekhane se, una ke vizeSa (antara) ke na dekhane se tathA una vizeSoM ke smaraNa se utpanna honevAlA jJAna saMzaya kahalAtA hai / jaise- yaha DhU~Tha hai yA puruSa hai / vAdiyoM ke matabheda se zabda nitya hai yA anitya hai ( aisA saMzaya bhI hotA hai)| kahIM kahIM kucha jJAna na hone se bhI saMzaya hotA hai, jaise- yahAM pizAca hai yA nahI / sAdhAraNa AkAra ke dekhane se, vizeSa ke na dekhane se tathA viruddha vizeSa ke smaraNa se jo jJAna hotA hai use viparyaya kahate haiM, jaise hU~Tha ko puruSa samajhanA, rassI ko sA~pa mAnanA, sIpa ke TukaDe meM cAMdI kA jJAna tathA mRgajala meM jala kA jJAna / padArtho ke jJAna ke na hone ko anadhyavasAya kahate haiM, vaha jJAna kA prAgabhAva hai (jJAna hone ke pahale usakA jo abhAva hai vaha prAgabhAva kahalAtA hai ) athavA saMskArarahita pradhvaMsAbhAva hai ( jJAna naSTa hone ke bAda jo usa kA abhAva hai vaha pradhvaMsAbhAva kahalAtA hai, aisA pradhvaMsAbhAva jisa meM pahale hue jJAna kA koI saMskAra na bace- anadhyavasAya kahalAtA hai)| mArga meM jAte hue ghAsaphUsa Adi ke sparza ke jJAna ko anadhyavasAya nahI kahanA cAhie kyoM ki vaha jJAna avagraha-jJAna hone se pramANa hai ( ataH use pratyakSAbhAsa nahI kaha skte)| isa prakAra pratyakSa pramANa kA varNana pUrA huA /

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pramAprameyam [1.11[11. parokSabhedAH] __ parokSaM ca AtmAvadhAnapratyakSAdikAraNakaM smRtipratyabhijJAnohApohatarkAnumAnAgamabhedam // [12. smRtiH] saMskArobodhajanitA taditi pratItiH smRtiH| sa devadattaH ityaadi| smRtiH pramANaM dattanikSepAdiSu prvRttipraaptigrhnnaanythaanupptteH| atha smRtyobodhitaprAktanAnubhavAt devadattAdiSu pravRtyAyupapatteH arthApatteranyathopapattiriti cet n| prAktanAnubhavasya vinaSTasya udbodhanAsaMbhavAt / tathA hi-prAktanAnubhavo nobudhyate idAnImavidyamAnatvAt ciravinaSTatvAt rAmAdivat / pravRtyAdihetvanupapattazca / tathA hi-prAktanAnubhavo dattAdiSu idAnIMtanapravRtyAdiheturna bhavati pravRtyAdikAle'parokSa pramANa ke bheda parokSa pramANa vaha hai jisa meM AtmA ke avadhAna ke sAtha pratyakSa Adi koI pramANa kAraNa hotA ho / isake chaha prakAra haiM - smRti, pratyAbhijJAna, UhApoha, tarka, anumAna aura Agama / smRti (pahale hue jJAna ke ) saMskAra ke udbodhana se utpanna honevAle 'vaha' isa prakAra ke jJAna ko smRti kahate haiM, jaise-vaha devadatta / smRti pramANa hai kyoM ki isa ke vinA diye hue athavA dharohara rakhe hue (dhana Adi) ke viSaya meM pravRtta honA, prApti athavA svIkAra kI upapatti nahI lagatI (smRti ke pramANa hone para hI ye vyavahAra ho sakate haiN)| smRti ke dvArA jAgRta hue purAne anubhava se hI devadatta Adi ke viSaya meM pravRtti hotI hai isa upapatti se-arthApatti se dUsare prakArase (ukta vyavahAra kI ) upapatti lagatI hai ( ataH smRti ko pramANa mAnanA jarUrI nahI) yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM kyoM ki purAnA anubhava jAgRta honA saMbhava nahI kyoM ki vaha naSTa ho cukA hotA hai| jaise ki ( anumAna-prayoga hogA-) purAtana anubhava jAgRta nahIM ho sakatA kyoM ki vaha isa samaya vidyamAna nahI hai tathA rAma Adi ke samAna bahuta pahale hI naSTa ho cukA hai / pravRtti Adi ke kAraNa hone kI

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- 1.13] pratyabhijJAna vidyamAnatvAt ciravinaSTatvAt raamaadivditi| tathA smRtiH pramANaM samyagjJAnatvAt zAtArthAvyabhicAritvAt bAdhakena vihInatvAt nirduSTa. pratyakSavat / atasmistaditi pratyayaH smrnnaabhaasH| yajJadatte sa devadatta iti pratItiH ityAdi / [13. pratyabhijJAnam ] darzanasmaraNakAraNakaM saMkalanaM prtybhijnyaanm| tadevedaM tatsadRzaM tadvilakSaNaM tatpratiyogi taduktamevetyAdi / yathA sa evAyaM devadattaH, gosazo gavayaH, govilakSaNo mahiSaH idamasmAd dUram, vRkSo'yamityAdi / vItaM pratyabhijJAnaM pramANam avisaMvAditvAt gRhItArthAvyabhibhI isa taraha upapatti nahI lagatI / jaise ki - purAtana anubhava diye hue (dhana) Adi ke viSaya meM isa samaya kI pravRtti Adi kA kAraNa nahI ho sakatA kyoM ki vaha isa pravRtti ke samaya meM vidyamAna hI nahIM hai, vaha rAma Adi ke samAna bahuta pahalehI naSTa ho cukA hai / smRti isalie bhI pramANa hai ki vaha yathArtha jJAna hai, jJAta artha (jAne hue padArtha) se usa kA virodha nahIM hotA, usa meM bAdhaka nahIM hai, ina saba bAtoM meM smRti nirdoSa pratyakSa ke hI samAna hai / jo vaha nahI hai usa ke viSaya meM 'vaha' isa prakAra kA jJAna honA smaraNa kA AbhAsa hai, jaise yajJadatta ke viSaya meM 'vaha devadatta' isa prakAra kA smRti-jJAna smRti kA AbhAsa hai| pratyabhijJAna (kisI vastu ke ) dekhane tathA (pahale dekhI huI kisI vastu kA) smaraNa karane se jo saMkalita jJAna hotA hai use pratyabhijJAna kahate haiM jaise yaha vahI hai, yaha usa jaisA hai, yaha usa se bhinna hai, yaha usa ke ulaTA hai, * yaha pahale hI kahA huA hai ityAdi / udAharaNArtha-yaha vahI devadatta hai, gavaya * gAya jaisA hai, bhaiMsA gAya se bhinna hai, yaha yahAMse dUra hai, yaha vRkSa hai ityAdi / yaha pratyabhijJAna pramANa hai kyoM ki vaha avisaMvAdI hai (padArthoM ke svarUpa se usa kA virodha nahI hotA) jAne hue padArtha se vaha viruddha nahIM hotA, vaha bAdhita nahI hotA, usa meM bAdhaka nahIM hai, ina saba bAtoM meM * yaha doSarahita pratyakSa jJAna ke samAna hI hai| saba vastueM kSaNika haiM

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10 pramAprameyam [1-14 cAritvAt avAdhyatvAt bAdhakena hInatvAt nirduSTapratyakSavat / atha sarva kSaNikaM satvAt pradIpavat ityanumAnaM bAdhakamastIti cenna / tasyAnadhyavasitatvena hetvAbhAsatvAt / nanu lunapunarjAtanakhakezAdau pratyabhijJAnasya bhrAntidarzanAt aprAmANyamiti cet tarhi rajjusarpAdau pratyakSasya bhrAntidarzanAt sarvasya pratyakSasya aprAmANyaM syAditi atiprasajyate / sadRze tadevedaM tarimanneva tatsadRzam ityAdi pratyayaH pratyabhijJAbhAsaH // [ 14. UhApohaH ] anenedaM bhavatIti vinA na bhavatItyAdi yAthAtmyajJAnam UhApohaH / kyoM ki ve sat haiM jaise dIpaka isa anumAna se ( pratyabhijJAna ke pramANa hone meM ) bAdhA upasthita hotI hai ( saba padArtha eka hI kSaNa astitva meM rahate haiM ataH yaha vahI hai Adi jJAna- jo ki aneka kSaNoM meM padArtha ke astitva para AdhArita haiM- apramANa haiM aisA mAnanA cAhie) yaha kathana ThIka nahIM / yaha hetu ( jo sat haiM ve kSaNika haiM yaha kahanA ) anadhyavasita ( anizcita ) hone se hetvAbhAsa hai / eka bAra kATane para nakha tathA keza puna: ugate haiM una meM ( ye vahIM nae keza haiM isa prakAra kA ) pratyabhijJAna bhramapUrNa hotA hai aisA dekhA jAtA hai ataH use apramANa mAnanA cAhie aisA yadi kaheM to rassI ko sAMpa samajhane meM pratyakSa bhI bhramapUrNa hotA hai ataH sabhI pratyakSa ko apramANa mAnane kA atiprasaMga AyegA ( tAtparya - jisa taraha rassI meM sAMpa kA jJAna bhrAnta hone para bhI sabhI pratyakSa jJAna bhrAnta nahI hote usI taraha phira se uge hue nakhoM meM pratyabhijJAna bhrAnta hone para bhI sabhI pratyabhijJAna bhrAnta nahI hote ) / jo usa jaisA hai usa ke viSaya meM yaha vahI hai aisA samajhanA, usI ke viSaya meM yaha usa jaisA hai aisA samajhanA Adi pratyabhijJAna ke AbhAsa hote haiM / UhApoha isa se yaha hotA hai, isa ke vinA yaha nahI hotA isa taraha ke vAsta vika jJAna ko UhApoha kahate haiM / jaise-icchA pUrI hone se saba ko santoSa

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tarka -1.15] icchApratipAlanena sarveSAM prItiH icchAvighAtena sarveSAM dveSaH ityAdi / tadviparItaH tdaabhaasH|| [ 15. tarkaH] sAdhyasAdhanayoH vyAptijJAnaM trkH| sAdhanasAmAnyasya sAdhyasAmAnyena avyabhicAraH saMbandho vyaaptiH| sA cAnvayavyatirekabhedAt dvedhA / sapakSe bhUyaH sAdhanasadbhAvadarzane sAdhyasadbhAvadarzanena nizcitA anvyvyaaptiH| yo yo dhUmavAn sa sarvo'pyagnimAn yathA mhaansaadiriti| vipakSe bhUyaH sAdhyAbhAvadarzane sAdhanAbhAvadarzanena nizcitA vyatireka vyaaptiH| yo yo'gnimAn na bhavati sa sarvo'pi dhUmavAn na bhavati yathA hRdAdiriti / avyAptau vyAptijJAnaM tarkAbhAsaH yad yat prameyaM tat tnnitymityaadi| hotA hai, icchA meM rukAvaTa Ane se saba nArAja hote haiM ityAdi / isa ke viparIta (avAstAvika ) jJAna ko isa kA AbhAsa samajhanA caahie| tarka sAdhya aura sAdhana kI vyApti ke jJAna ko tarka kahate haiN| sAdhana ke sAmAnya svarUpa kA sAdhya ke sAmAnya svarUpa se kabhI na badalane vAlA jo saMbaMdha hotA hai use vyApti kahate haiM / usa ke do prakAra haiM - anvaya tathA vyatireka / samAna pakSa meM bArabAra sAdhana kA astitva dekhane ke samaya sAdhya kA bhI astitva dekhane se jisa kA nizcaya huA ho vaha anvayavyAti hotI hai / jaise - jo jo dhuMe se yukta hotA hai vaha saba agni yukta hotA hai jaise - rasoIghara ( yahAM rasoIghara Adi samAnapakSoM meM dhuMA isa sAdhana ke honepara agni isa sAdhya kA bhI astitva bArabAra dekhA gayA hai ataH jahAM dhuMA hotA hai vahAM agnibhI hotA hai yaha anvayavyApti nizcita huI ) / viruddha pakSa meM bArabAra sAdhya kA abhAva dekhane para sAdhana kA bhI abhAva dekhane se jisa kA nizcaya ho vaha vyatirekavyApti hotI hai / jaise -jo jo agni se yukta nahI hotA vaha saba dhuMe se yukta bhI nahI hotA jaise sarobara Adi / jahAM vyApti na ho vahAM vyApti samajhanA tarka kA AbhAsa hai, jaise - jo jo prameya hai vaha vaha nitya hotA hai ( yahAM jo prameya hotA hai vaha nitya hotA hai yaha

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-12 pramAprameyam [1.16 [16. anumAnam ] ___ samyaksAdhanAt sAdhyavijJAnam anumaanm| svArthaparArthabhedAt dvividham / paropadezamantareNa sAdhanadarzanAt sAdhyavijJAnaM svArthAnumAnam / svArthAnumAnaparAmarzipuruSavacanAt jJAtaM praarthaanumaanm| tadvacanamapi tadhetutvAt parArthAnumAnameva / tacca anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAt , yo yaH kRtakaH sa sarvo'pyanityaH yathA ghaTaH, yadyadanityaM na bhavati tat tat kRtakaM na bhavati yathA vyoma, kRtakazcAyaM zabdaH, tasmAdanityaH iti / pakSasAdhyahetudRSTAntopanayanigamanAnyavayavAH SaT prsiddhaaH|| [17. pakSaH ) siSAdhayiSitadharmAdhAro dharmI pkssH| zabdaH iti / pakSasya prasiddhatvaM * vyApti nahI ho sakatI kyoM ki bahutase prameya anitya bhI hote haiM, ataH ise yadi vyApti mAnA jAtA hai to usa jJAna ko tarkAmAsa kahA jaayegaa)| anumAna yogya sAdhana se sAdhya kA jJAna honA yaha anumAna pramANa hai| isa ke do prakAra haiM - svArthAnumAna tathA parArthAnumAna / dUsare ke upadeza ke binA sAdhana ko dekhane se jo sAdhya kA jJAna hotA hai vaha svArthAnumAna hai| svArthAnupAna ke jAnanevAle puruSa ke kahane se jo jJAna hotA hai vaha parArthAnumAna hai / usa kA kAraNa hone se aise anumAna ke kathana ko bhI parArthAnumAnahI kahate haiM ( vAkya zabdoM se banA hotA hai ataH vaha jaDa hotA hai isa lie pramANa nahI ho sakatA kintu yahAM kA vAkya parArthAnumAna kA jJAna karAne kA kAraNa hai ataH use vyavahAra se anumAnapramANa kahate haiM ) / usa kA udAharaNa- zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha kRtaka hai, jo jo kRtaka hotA hai vaha sabhI anitya hotA hai jaise ghaTa, jo jo anitya nahI hotA vaha kRtaka nahI hotA jaise AkAza, aura yaha zabda kRtaka hai isa lie yaha anitya hai / anumAna ke chaha avayava prasiddha haiM - pakSa, sAdhya, hetu, dRSTAnta, upanaya tathA nigamana / pakSa jise siddha karane kI icchA hai usa dharma (guNa) ke AdhAra dharmI (dharma

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- 1.17] anumAna 13. pramANAt vikalpAt ubhayAJca / pramANaM praaguktlkssnnm| parvato'gnimAn : dhUmavattvAt mahAnasavat ityAdau pramANaprasiddhaH pakSaH / vikalpastu pramANApramANasAdhAraNazAnam jalamarIcikAsAdhAraNapradeze jalajJAnavat / vedasyAdhyayanaM sarva gurvadhyayanapUrvakam vedAdhyayanavAcyatvAdadhunAdhyayanaM yathA, asti sarvajJaH asaMbhavadbAdhakapramANatvAt karatalavat ityAdI. vikalpasiddhaH pkssH| anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAt ghaTavat ityAdI ubhaya- . prasiddhaH pkssH|| se yukta padArtha) ko pakSa kahate haiM, jaise ( uparyukta anumAna meM anityatva isa dharma kA AdhAra hai ) zabda / pakSa tIna prakAra se prasiddha hotA hai - pramANa se, vikalpa se tathA donoM se / 'parvata agniyukta hai kyoM ki vaha dhUmayukta hai, jaise rasoIghara ' isa jaise anumAna meM pakSa pramANa se prasiddha hai (parvata isa pakSa kA pratyakSa pramANa se jJAna ho cukA hai)| pramANa aura apramANa donoM meM jo ho sakatA hai aise jJAna ko vikalpa kahate haiM, jaise jahAM mRgajala hamezA dIkhatA ho aise pradeza meM honevAlA jala kA jJAna (jahAM hamezA mRgajala dIkhane kI saMbhAvanA ho aise pradeza meM jala dIkhane para vikalpa hogA ki yaha vAstavika jala hai yA gRgajala hai)| sabhI vedAdhyayana gurvadhyayanapUrvaka hai (ziSya veda paDhatA hai yaha tabhI saMbhava hai jaba guru ne veda paDhA ho ataH ziSya ke adhyayana se pUrva niyama se guru kA adhyayana huA hai ) kyoM ki vaha vedAdhyayana hai jaise Ajakala kA vedAdhyayana, isa anumAna meM pakSa vikalpasiddha hai (sabhI vedAdhyayana yaha pakSa hai isa kA anumAna karanevAle ko jo jJAna huA hai vaha vikalpasiddha hai - sabhI vedAdhyayana ko usane pramANa se nahIM jAnA hai)| isI prakAra sarvajJa hai kyoM ki usa ke astitva meM bAdhaka pramANa saMbhava nahI haiM, jaise apanA hAtha ( apane hAtha ke astitva meM koI bAdhA nahI usI taraha sarvajJa ke astitva meM koI bAdhA nahI hai) isa anumAna meM bhI vikalpasiddha pakSa hai ( sarvajJa yaha pakSa hai vaha prativAdI ke lie ajJAta aura vAdI ke lie jJAta hai ataH vikalpasiddha hai ) / zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha kRtaka hai jaise ghaTa- aise anumAnoM meM pakSa ubhayaprasiddha hai (kucha vAdiyoM ke lie isa pakSa kA - zabda kA - jJAna pramANasiddha hai to kucha ke lie vikalpasiddha hai)|

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14 [ 18. sAdhyam ] pramAprameyam svasiddhaM parAsiddhaM sAdhyam / anityaH iti // [ 19. hetuH ] vyAptimAn pakSadharmo hetuH / kRtakatvAt iti / tasya hetoH pakSadharmatvaM pakSe savaM vipakSe'satvam asiddhasAdhakavam avAdhitaviSayatvam asatpratipakSatvamiti SaD guNAH / tatra sAdhyadharmAdhAro dharmI pakSaH, pakSe sarvatra hetoH pravartanam pakSadharmatvam / sAdhyasamAnadharmA dharmI sapakSaH sapakSe sarvatra ekadeze vA hetoH pravartanaM sapakSe skhm| sAdhyaviparItadharmA dharmI vipakSaH, vipakSe sarvatra hetorapravartanaM vipakSe'satvam / prativAdinaH saMdigdhaviparyastApratipannam asiddham, tatsAdhanaM hetorasiddhasAdhanatvam | abAdhitasAdhye pakSe hetoH pravartanam abAdhitaviSayatvam / [1.18 sAdhya jo apane lie siddha ho aura dUsareM ke lie asiddha ho ( use siddha kara batalAnA ho ) vaha sAdhya hai, jaise ( uparyukta anumAna meM zabda kA) anitya honA / hetu vyApti se yukta pakSa ke dharma ko hetu kahate haiM / jaise - ( uparyukta anumAna meM ) kyoMki ( zabda ) kRtaka hai| hetu ke chaha guNa hote haiM - pakSa kA dharma honA, sapakSa meM astitva, vipakSa meM abhAva, aisI bAta ko siddha karanA jo aba taka siddha nahI huI ho, aisI bAta ko siddha karanA jo bAdhita na ho tathA jisa meM pratipakSa saMbhava na ho / siddha karane yogya dharma ke AdhAra ko pakSa kahate haiM, pakSa meM hetu kA sarvatra astitva honA yaha pakSadharmatva nAma kA pahalA guNa hai / sAdhya ke samAna dharma jisa dharmI ( guNayukta padArtha ) meM hote haiM use sapakSa kahate haiM, sapakSa meM sarvatra yA eka hisse meM hetu ke hone ko sapakSa meM sattva kahate haiM (yaha dUsarA guNa hai ) / sAdhya ke viruddha dharma jisa dharmI meM hote haiM use vipakSa kahate haiM, vipakSa meM sarvatra hetu kA abhAva honA yaha vipakSa meM asattva nAmakA tIsarA guga hai / prativAdI ke lie jo saMdehayukta, viparyAsa- yukta yA ajJAta hotA hai use asiddha kahate haiM, aise sAdhya ko siddha

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--1.20] dRSTAnta yadyapi viparIte hetoH atrirUpatvam asatpratipakSatvaM, tacca vipakSa asattvAt nArthAntaram / hetoH vipakSe asatvanizcaye sAdhyaviparIte atrirUpatvaM nizcitamiti / tathApi zrotRNAM vyutpattyartha pRthak nirUpaNam // [20. dRSTAntaH] ___ dRSTau antau sAdhyasAdhanadharmoM tadabhAvau vA vAdiprativAdibhyAm avigAnena yasmin dharmiNi sa dRSTAntaH / sa ca anvayo vyatirakazceti dvedhaa| sAdhanasadbhAve sAdhyasadbhAvo yatra pradarzyate so'nvydRssttaantH| yo yaH kRtakaH sa sarvo'pyanityaH yathA ghaTaH iti / sAdhyAbhAve sAdhanAbhAvo yatra vIkSyate sa vytirekdRssttaantH| yad yadanityaM na bhavati tat tat kRtakaM na bhavati yathA vyometi // karanA vaha asiddhasAdhanatva nAmakA cauthA guNa hai| jisa pakSa meM sAdhya bAdhita na ho usa meM hetu kA honA abAvitaviSayatva nAma kA pAMcavA guga hai| yadyapi sAdhya ke viruddha pakSa meM hetu ke tIna rUpa (pakSavarmatva, sapakSa-sattva tathA vipakSe asattva ) na honA yahI asatpratipakSatva nAmakA chaThA guNa hai tathA yaha vipakSa meM abhAva isa tIsare guNa se bhinna nahIM hai, vipakSa meM hetu kA abhAva nizcita honese hI sAdhya ke viruddha pakSa meM hetu ke tIna rUpa na honA nizcita ho jAtA hai, tathApi zrotAoM ko spaSTa rUpa se samajhAneke lie ise alaga guNa ke rUpa meM batalAyA hai / dRSTAnta vAdI aura prativAdI donoM kI mAnyatA se jisa dharmI meM do anta arthAt sAdhyadharma aura sAdhanadharbha dekhe jAte haiM athavA sAdhyadharma aura sAdhanadharma kA abhAva dekhA jAtA hai usa dharmI ko dRSTAnta kahate haiN| usa ke do prakAra haiM - anvaya dRSTAnta tathA vyatireka dRSTAnta / jisa meM sAdhana ke honepara sAdhya kA honA batalAyA jAya use anvaya dRSTAnta kahate haiN| jaise-jo jo kRtaka hotA hai vaha sabhI anitya hotA hai jaise ghaTa ( yahAM ghaTa isa dRSTAnta meM kRtakatva yaha sAdhanadharma hai tathA anityatva yaha sAdhya dharma hai ina ke anyaya ke kAraNa yaha anvaya dRSTAnta hai)| sAdhya ke na hone para sAdhana kA na honA jisa meM dekhA jAya vaha vyatireka dRSTAnta hai / jaise-jo jo anitya nahIM hotA

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pramAprameyam [1.21 [21. upanayanigamane] pakSadharmatvapradarzanArtha hetorupaskAraH upnyH| kRtakazcAyaM zabdaH iti / uktopasaMhArArtha pratijJAyAH punarvacanaM nigmnm| tasmAdanityaH .. iti // / 22. hatoH pakSadharmatvam ] nanu pakSadharmo heturityayuktam udeSyati zakaTaM kRttikodayAt ityAdeH apakSadharmasyApi samyaghetutvAt iti cet na / apakSadharmasyAsiddhatvAt / tathA hi, anityaH zabdaH cAkSuSatvAt ityavidyamAnasattAkasya svayameva nirUpaNAt / vItA hetavaH asiddhAH apakSadharmatvAt zabde cAkSuSatvavaditi pryogaacc| cAkSuSatvasya anyatra sattve'pi pakSe asatvAdevAsiddhatvam mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm. vaha kRtaka nahI hotA jaise AkAza (yahAM AkAza isa dRSTAnta meM anityatva yaha sAdhyadharma tathA kRtakatva yaha sAdhanadharma donoM nahI haiN)| upanaya aura nigamana hetu pakSa kA dharma hai yaha batalAne ke lie hetu ko upaskRta karanA yaha upanaya hai / jaise ( uparyukta anumAna meM )-aura yaha zabda kRtaka hai (zabda pakSa hai, usa meM kRtakatva hetu kA upaskAra kiyA gayA, yahI upanaya hai ) / kahe gaye anumAna ke upasaMhAra ke lie pratijJA ko punaH kahanA yaha nigamana hai| jaise ( uparyukta anumAna meM )-isa lie zabda anitya hai / hetu pakSa kA dharma hotA hai yahAM prazna hotA hai ki hetu ko pakSa kA dharma kahanA ThIka nahIM kyoM ki (kucha samaya bAda) rohiNI nakSatra kA udaya hogA kyoM ki (isa samaya) kRttikA nakSatra kA udaya huA hai ityAdi anumAnoM meM jo hetu pakSa kA dharma nahIM hai vaha bhI yogya hetu hotA hai (uparyukta anumAna meM kRttikA kA udaya yaha hetu rohiNI isa pakSa kA guNa nahIM hai phira bhI usa se rohiNI ke udaya kA yathArtha anumAna hotA hai)| yaha zaMkA ThIka nahI kyoM ki jo hetu pakSa kA dharma nahI hotA vaha asiddha hotA hai / jaise -zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha

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-- 1.2 2] hetu pakSakA dharma hotA hai nAnyathA, atiprsNgaat| tasya sAdhyAvinAbhAvAbhAvAt asiddhatve viruddhAnakAntikAkiMcitkarANAmapi asiddhatvameveti eka eva hetvAbhAsaH syAt / tathA ca catvAro hetvAbhAsAH asiddhaviruddhAnakAntikAkiMcitkarAH ityasaMgataM syAt / tasmAt hetoH pakSadharmatve satyeva vivakSitapakSe prakRtasAdhyaprasAdhakatvam nAvinAbhAvamAtrAt / anyathA parvato'. gnimAn mahAnasasya dhUmavatvAt ityAderapi sAdhye prasAdhakatvaM syAt tasyApi sAdhyavinAbhAvasabhAvAt , na caivaM, tataH pakSadharma eva samyaga heturitynggiikrtvyH|| cAkSuSa ( AMkhoM se dekhA jAnevAlA ) hai yaha hetu avidyamAna sattAka hai ( isa hetu kA astitva hI nahIM hai kyoM ki zabda AMkhoM se nahI dekhA jAtA ) yaha zaMkAkAra ne svayaM kahA hai (isI prakAra jo hetu pakSa kA dharma nahI hotA vaha asiddha hotA hai)| aisA anumAna prayoga bhI kara sakate haiM - ye hetu (jo pakSa ke dharma nahIM haiM ) asiddha haiM kyoM ki ve pakSa ke dharma nahI haiM jaise zabda kA cAkSuSa honA / AMkhoM se dekhA jAnA dUsare padArthoM meM to pAyA jAtA hai kintu pakSa (zabda ) meM nahIM hai isI lie use asiddha kahate haiM aura kisI kAraNa se nahI, anyathA atiprasaMga hogaa| isa hetu kA sAdhya se avinAbhAva ( usa ke hone para hI yaha hotA hai isa taraha kA niyata saMbaMdha ) nahI hai ataH vaha asiddha hai aisA kaheM to viruddha, anaikAntika, akicitkara ye saba hetvAbhAsa bhI asiddhahI hoMge (kyoM ki ina kA bhI sAdhya se avinAbhAva nahIM hotA ) ataH hetvAbhAsa ekahI hogA aura hetvAbhAsa cAra haiM - asiddha, viruddha, anaikAntika aura akiMcitkara - yaha zaMkAkAra kA kathana susaMgata nahI hogA / isa lie hetu pakSa kA dharma ho tabhI vaha kisI pakSa meM iSTa sAdhya ko siddha kara sakatA hai kevala, avinAbhAva se nahI / anyathA parvata agni se yukta hai kyoM ki rasoI ghara meM dhuMA hai ityAdi hetu bhI sAdhya ko siddha kara sakeMge (tAtparya- dhuMA aura agni ina kA avinAbhAva saMbaMdha hone para bhI dhuMe se agni kA anumAna tabhI hogA jaba vaha parvata isa pakSa meM vidyamAna ho) kyoM ki una kA bhI sAdhya se avinAbhAva hai, kintu aisA nahIM hotA, ataH pakSa kA dharma hI yogya hetu hotA hai aisA mAnanA cAhie / pra.pra.2

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18 pramAprameyam [ 23. pakSadharmasya hetoH vyAptimaccam ] nanu sa kathamaGgIkriyate / dezAntaraM gataH putraH sa zyAmo maitratanaya -- tvAt itaratattanayavat ityAdeH pakSadharmasyApi asamyag hetutvAt iti cenna / tasya bhUyodarzanAt vyAptigrahaNakAla eva eka pitRjanyAnAmekavarNavyabhi cAreNa vyAptivaikalyAdeva asamyaghetutvAt / tasmAt vyAptimAn apakSadharmaH vyAptirahitaH pakSadharmaH vA na samyag hetuH / kiMtu vyAptimAn pakSa pakSa kA dharma hetu vyAptiyukta bhI honA cAhie -- yahAM prazna hotA hai ki pakSa ke dharma ko hI hetu mAnanA kaise ucita hai? maitra kA eka putra jo videza meM gayA hai, sAMvalA hai kyoM ki vaha maitra kA putra hai jaise maitra ke dUsare putra - isa prakAra ke anupAna meM hetu pakSa kA dharma hone para bhI yogya hetu nahI hai ( maitra kA putra honA yaha hetu videza meM gaye hue maitra ke putra meM pakSa meM vidyamAna hai phira bhI usa se usa kA sAMvalA honA siddha nahI hotA - vaha maitra kA putra gorA bhI ho sakatA hai, ataH hetu pakSa kA dharma hone para yogya hI hogA aisA nahI kaha sakate ) / kintu yaha zaMkA ThIka nahIM hai / yahAM bAra bAra dekhane se vyApti kA grahaNa karane ke samaya meM hI eka pitA ke kaI putra eka hI raMga ke nahIM hote yaha dekhane se ( jo maitra kA putra hai vaha sAMvalA hotA hai yaha ) vyApti galata siddha hotI hai ataH usI kAraNa se hetu bhI galata hotA hai ( hetu ke galata hone kA kAraNa pakSa kA dharma honA yaha nahIM hai - vyApti galata honA yaha hetu galata hone kA kAraNa hai ) / ataH jo vyApti se yukta hai kintu pakSa kA dharma nahIM hai vaha yogya hetu nahI hotA; tathA jo vyApti se rahita hai aura pakSa kA dharma hai vaha bhI yogya hetu nahI hotA / jo vyApti se yukta hote hue pakSa kA dharma hai vahI yogya hetu hotA hai / phira kRttikA ke udaya se rohiNI ke udaya kA anumAna kisa taraha hotA hai ( kyoM ki kRttikA udaya yaha hetu rohiNI isa pakSa kA dharma nahI hai ) isa prazna kA uttara yaha hai ki yahAM kuzala vyakti anumAna kA prayoga isa prakAra karate haiM - yaha kRttikA nakSatra kA udaya eka vaTikA ke bAda rohiNI nakSatra ke udaya se yukta hotA hai kyoM ki yaha kRttikA kA udaya hai jaise pahale dekhe hue kRttikA ke udaya ( isa anumAna prayoga meM kRttikA [10.23-

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-1.24] hetu kA pakSadharmatva dharma eva samyag hetuH / tarhi zakaTodayakRttikodayAnAM gabhyagamakabhAvaH kathamiti cet vItaH kRttikodayaH muhUtAnte zakaTodayavAn kRttikodayatvAt prAk paridRSTavRtti kodayavat ityAdi kuzalaprayogAditi brUmaH // [ 24. hetoH apakSadharmatvaniSedhaH ] nanu nadIpUro'pyadhodeze vRttaH sannuparisthitAm / niyamyo gamayatyeva vRttAM vRSTiM niyAmikAm // 3 // pitrozca brAhmaNatvena putrabrAhmaNatAnumA / sarvalokaprasiddhA na pakSadharmamapekSate // 4 // upari vRSTo devaH adhodeze nadIpUrasyAnyathAnupapatteH putraH brAhmaNaH mAtApitroH brAhmaNyasyAnyathAnupapatteH, ityAderapakSadharmasyApi gamakatvamasti iti cenna / apakSadharmasya kalpyasya gamakatvAnupapatteH / kuta iti cet pakSe 19 kA udaya yaha pakSa huA, isa meM kRttikA kA udaya honA yaha hetu vidyamAna hai ataH usase TikA ke bAda rohiNI ke udaya se yukta honA yaha sAdhya siddha hotA hai ) / jo pakSa kA dharma nahI vaha hetu nahI hotA yahAM prazna hotA hai ki nadI meM bADha nIce ke pradeza meM hotI hai kintu usa niyamya ( sAdhana ) se Upara ke pradeza meM huI niyAmikA ( sAdhya ) bhArI varSA kA anumAna hotA hI hai (yadyapi yahAM bADha yaha hetu Upara kA pradeza isa pakSa meM nahI hotA ) / isI prakAra mAtApitA ke brAhmaNa hone se putra ke brAhmaNa hone kA anumAna hotA hai yaha saba logoM meM prasiddha hai, yahAM bhI ( mAtApitA kA brAhmaNa honA yaha hetu putra isa pakSa meM nahI hai ataH ) hetu meM pakSadharma honA jarUrI nahI hai / Upara ke pradeza meM varSA huI hai, anyathA nIce ke pradeza meM nadI meM bADha AI hai isa kI upapatti nahIM lagatI; putra brAhmaNa hai kyoM ki usa ke mAtA-pitA brAhmaNa hone se vaha anyathA nahI ho sakatA ityAdi anumAnoM meM jo hetu pakSa kA dharma nahI hai vaha bhI sAdhya kA bodha karAtA hai / kintu zaMkAkAra kA yaha kathana ThIka nahIM hai / jo pakSa kA dharma nahI hai vaha hetu kalpita hogA ataH vaha sAdhya kA bodha karAye yaha saMbhava nahI hai | aisA kyoM hai isa prazna kA uttara hai ki pakSa meM hetu kA abhAva hai

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pramAprameyam [1.25 tadabhAvasyaiva kalpakAbhAvatvAt asiddhatvAditi yAvat / atha pakSAdanyatra vidyamAnatvAt gamakatvamiti cet tarhi sarvaM sarvasya gamakaM syAdityatiprasajyate // 20 [ 25 hetulakSaNopasaMhAraH ] atha nizcitavyAptikaM sarve svavyApakasya sarvasya gamakamiti cet na caitadatrAsti / kalpakasyAsya kvApi vyAptinizcayAbhAvAt / na tAvat sapakSe tannizcayaH tasya sapakSAbhAvAt / atha pakSe evAsya vyAptinizcaya iti cenna / apakSadharmasyAsya pakSe abhAvAt tatra tanizcayAnupapatteH / pakSe tasya sadbhAve'pi tatra kalpyasya nizcaye tena kalpakasya vyAptinizcayAyogAt tatra tanizcaye arthApatteH Anarthakyam vyAptinizcayAt pUrvameva pakSe kalpyalya nizcitatvAt / anizcitavyAptikasyApakSadharmasyApi gamakatve isI kAraNa vaha sAdhya kA bodhaka nahIM ho sakatA vaha asiddha hotA hai | pakSa se anyatra hetu rahegA aura sAdhya kA bodha karAyegA yaha kahanA bhI saMbhava nahI kyoM ki aisA kahane se sabhI hetu sabhI sAdhyoM ke bodhaka ho jAyeMge; (dhuMA rasoIghara meM hogA aura agni kA bodha parvatapara hogA ) yaha atiprasaMga hai / hetu ke lakSaNa kA samAropa -- jisa kI vyApti nizcita hai vaha saba apane vyApaka satra ( padArthoM ) kA bodha karAtA hai yaha kaheM to vaha bAta bhI yahAM (jo pakSa kA dharma nahI haiM usa hetu meM ) nahI pAI jAtI / kAraNa yaha hai ki isa kalpita hetu kI vyApti kA nizcaya hI kahIM nahI ho sakatA / usa kI vyApti kA nizcaya sapakSa meM nahI ho sakatA kyoM ki usa ke koI sapakSa hI nahI hai (jisa kA pakSa meM astitva ho usI ke bAre meM sapakSa aura vipakSa kI kalpanA saMbhava hai, jisa kA pakSa hI na ho usa kA sapakSa kaise ho sakatA hai ) / pakSa meM hI isa ( hetu ) kI vyAti kA nizcaya hotA hai yaha kathana bhI yogya nahI / yaha hetu pakSa kA dharma hI nahI hai ataH pakSa meM usa kA abhAva hai isalie pakSa meM isa kI vyApti kA nizcaya saMbhava nahIM ho sakatA / ( yahAM eka vAkya kA artha hameM jJAta nahI ho sakA ) / jisa kI vyApti nizcita nahI tathA jo pakSa kA

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-1.26] anvayavyatirekI anumAna kAkasya kAAt dhavalaH prAsAdaH ityAderapi gamakatvaM syAt / atha vipakSe'sattvAt vyAptinizcaya iti cet kevalavyatirekAnumAnaM tat, naarthaapttiH| tasyApyapakSadharmatve agamakatvameva / pakSe sapakSe'pyavidyamAno hetuH svasAdhyaM kva prasAdhayet, na kvApi / tarhi nadIpUravRSTayAdInAM gamyagamakabhAvaH kathamiti cet vItaH nadIpUraH vRSTipUrvakA viziSTa pUratvAt saMpratipannapUravat vItaH pumAn brAhmaNa eva brAhmaNamAtApitRjanyatvAt saMpratipannabrAhmaNavat ityAdikuzalaprayogAditi brUmaH / tasmAt vyAptimAn pakSadharma eva samyag heturbhavati / [26. anvayavyatireki anumAnam ] sa hetuH anvayavyatirekI kevalAnvayI kevalavyatirekI iti tridhaa| dharma nahI vaha hetu bhI yadi sAdhya kA bodha karA sake to 'mahala sapheda hai kyoM ki kauA kAlA hai ' aise hetu bhI sAdhya ke bodhaka siddha hoMge vipakSa meM abhAva hone se isa hetu kI vyApti kA nizcaya hotA hai yaha kathana bhI ucita nahI kyoM ki aisI sthiti meM use kevalavyatirekI anumAna hI kaheMge, vyAptisamarthaka arthApatti nahI / aisA hetu bhI (jisa kA vipakSa meM abhAva hai) yadi pakSa kA dharma nahI hai to vaha sAdhya kA bodha nahIM karA sakatA / jo hetu pakSa meM aura sapakSa meM bhI na ho vaha sAdhya ko kahAM siddha karegA-arthAta kahIM bhI siddha nahIM kara skegaa| phira nadI kI bADha se vRSTi kA bodha kisa taraha hotA hai isa prazna kA uttara yaha hai ki yahAM kuzala vyakti isa prakAra anumAna kA prayoga karate haiM - yaha nadI kI bADha vRSTipUrvaka hotI hai kyoM ki yaha viziSTa bADha hai jaise pahale dekhI huI bADha ( yahAM nadI kI bADha isa pakSa meM vRSTipUrvaka honA yaha sAdhya hai tathA viziSTa bADha honA yaha hetu yahAM pakSa kA hI dharma hai)| isI prakAra yaha puruSa brAhmaNa hai kyoMki yaha brAhmaNa mAtApitA se utpanna huA hai jaise pahale dekhe hue brAhmaNa ( yahAM yaha puruSa isa pakSa meM brAhmaNa mAtA-pitA se utpanna honA yaha hetu vidyamAna hai ataH usa se brAhmaNa honA yaha sAdhya siddha hotA hai)| isalie vyApti se yukta pakSa kA dharma hI yogya hetu hotA hai / anvayavyatirekI anumAna hetu ke tIna prakAra haiM - anvayavyatirekI, kevalAnvayI tathA kevala

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22 pramAprameyam [1.27sapakSavipakSasahitaH anvyvytirekii| parvato'gnimAn dhUmavatvAt , yo yo dhUmavAn sa sarvo'pyagnimAn yathA mahAnasaH, yo yo'gnimAn na bhavati sa sarvo'pi dhUmavAn na bhavati yathA hRdaH, dhUmavAMzcAyaM parvataH tasmAt agnimAn bhavati ityAdi / [27. kevalAnvayi anumAnam ] vipakSarahitaH sapakSarahitaH kevlaanvyii| vItaH sadasadvargaH kasyacidekajJAnAlambanamanekatvAt , yad yadanekaM tat kasyacidekajJAnAlambanaM, yathA paJcAGgulam , anekazcAyaM sadasadvargaH tasmAt kasyacidekajJAnA. lambanamityAdi / nanu kevalAnvayi na pramANaM vipakSAd vyAvRttirahitatvAt anaikAntikavat iti mImAMsakaH praayokssiit| tatra vipakSagrahaNavyAvRttismaraNayorabhAve vipakSAd vyAvRttirahitatvasya jJAtumazakteH ajJAtAsiddho vyatirekI / sapakSa aura vipakSa donoM se sahita hetu anvayavyatirekI hotA hai| jaise - yaha parvata agniyukta hai kyoM ki yaha dhuMe se yukta hai, jo dhuMe se yukta hotA hai vaha saba agni se yukta hotA hai, jaise rasoIghara, jo agni se yukta nahI hotA vaha dhuMe se yukta bhI nahI hotA, jaise sarovara, aura yaha parvata dhuMe se yukta hai, ataH yaha agni se yukta hai / (yahAM dhuMe se yukta honA yaha hetu anvayavyatirekI hai kyoM ki isa meM rasoIghara Adi sapakSa haiM aura sarovara Adi vipakSa hai)| kevalAnvayI anumAna ___ jo hetu sapakSa se sahita kintu vipakSa se rahita hotA hai use kevalAnvayI kahate haiN| udA.- vicAra kA viSaya sat tathA asat (bhAvarUpa tathA abhAvarUpa ) padArthoM kA samUha kisI eka ke jJAna kA viSaya hotA hai kyoM ki vaha aneka hai, jo aneka hotA hai vaha kisI eka ke jJAna kA viSaya hotA hai, jaise pAMca aMguliyAM, ye sat tathA asat padArtha bhI aneka haiM, isalie ve kisI eka ke jJAna ke viSaya hote haiM / ( yahAM aneka honA yaha hetu sadasadvarga isa pakSa meM hai, paMcAMgula isa sapakSa meM hai, kintu isa kA koI vipakSa nahI hai kyoM ki saMsAra ke jitane bhI padArtha haiM una sabakA sadasadvarga isa pakSa meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai, ataH yaha hetu kevalAnvayI hai)| yahAM

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---1.28] kevalavyatirekI anumAna hetuH syaat| vipakSagrahaNasaMbhave kevalAnvayitvAbhAvAt kasyAprAmANyaM prasAdhyeta, na kasyApi / api ca vyAvRttirnAma abhAvaH,rahitatvamapi pratiSedha eva / tathA ca prAbhAkarapakSe abhAvapratiyogipratiSedhAbhAvAt svarUpAsiddho hetvAbhAsaH / vipakSAvyAvRttirahitatvaM nAma vipakSasvarUpameva / tadatra kevalAnvayini nAstIti svarUpAsiddho hetuH syAt / tasmAt kevalAnvayi pramANaM vyAptimatpakSadharmatvAt dhUmAnumAnavaditi sthitam / / [28. kevalavyatireki anumAnam ] sapakSarahitaH vipakSasahitaH kevalavyatirekI / AtmA cetanaH jJAta zaMkAkAra mImAMsaka kA prazna hai ki kevalAnvayI hetu pramANa nahI hotA kyoM ki isa meM vipakSa meM abhAva yaha guNa nahI hai, anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa meM bhI vipakSa meM abhAva yaha guNa nahI hotA isIlie vaha hetvAbhAsa hotA hai ataH isa kevalAnvayI hetu ko bhI pramANa nahI mAna skte| kintu isa AkSepa meM vipakSa meM abhAva na honA yaha jo hetu hai yaha ajJAtAsiddha hai (isa kA astitva siddha nahIM huA hai ) kyoM ki isa kevalAnvayI hetu meM amuka vipakSa hai isa taraha kA grahaNa tathA usa meM isa hetu kA abhAva hai isa prakAra kA smaraNa nahIM ho sakatA isalie vipakSa meM abhAva na hone kA jJAna hI nahI ho sakatA / yadi vipakSa ke astitva kA grahaNa ho sake to yaha hetu kevalAnvayI hI nahIM rahegA ata: apramANa kise siddha kareMge ? prAbhAkara mImAMsakoM ke pakSa meM bhI vipakSa meM abhAva na honA yaha AkSepa svarUpAsiddha hai (usa kA svarUpa siddha nahIM hai ) kyoM ki una ke matAnusAra vyAvRtti kA artha abhAva hai tathA rahita hone kA artha bhI abhAva hI hai / prAbhAkara mImAMsakoM ke matAnusAra vipakSa meM vyAvRtti ke abhAva kA artha hai vipakSa kA svarUpa / aura isa kevalAnvayI hetu meM vipakSa hI nahI hai isalie vipakSa meM abhAva nahI hai yaha kahanA svarUpAsiddha ho jAtA hai / isalie dhuMe se agni ke anumAna ke samAna hI kevalAnvayI hetu bhI pramANabhUta hotA hai kyoM ki vaha vyApti se yukta tathA pakSa kA dharma hai yaha niSkarSa sthira huA / kevalavyatirekI anumAna jisa hetu meM vipakSa hotA hai kintu sapakSa nahI hotA use kevalavyati

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24 pramAprameyam [1.28 tvAt, yo yaH cetano na bhavati sa sarvo'pi jJAtA na bhavati, yathA paTaH, jJAtA cAyamAtmA, tasmAccetano bhavati ityAdi / nanu kevalavyatireki na pramANaM sapakSasattvarahitatvAt viruddhavat ityapi mImAMsakaH prAyukta / atra sapakSagrahaNasattvasmaraNayorabhAve sapakSasasvarahitatvasya jJAtumazakyatvAt ajJAtAsiddho hetuH syAt / sapakSagrahaNasaMbhave kevalavyatireki - tvAbhAvAt kasyAprAmANyaM prasAdhyeta, na kasyApi / prAbhAkarapakSe sapakSe sakharahitatvaM nAma sapakSasvarUpamAtrameva / tadatra kevalavyatirekiNi nAstIti svarUpAsiddhatvaM hetoH syAt / tataH kevalavyatireki pramANa vyAptimatpakSadharmatvAt dhUmAnumAnavaditi sthitam // rekI kahate haiM | udA.- AtmA cetana hai kyoM ki vaha jJAtA hai, jo cetanA nahI hotA vaha jJAtA nahI hotA jaise vastra, AtmA jJAtA hai, ata: vaha cetana hai / ( isa anumAna meM AtmA isa pakSa meM cetana honA sAdhya haiM tathA jJAtA honA hetu hai, isa meM paTa ityAdi vipakSa to saMbhava hai kintu sapakSa saMbhava: nahI hai kyoMki jitane bhI jJAtA haiM ve saba AtmA hone se pakSa meM hI samAviSTa ho jAte haiM ataH yaha hetu kevalavyatirekI hai ) / yahAM bhI mImAMsaka zaMkAkAra prazna karate haiM ki kevalavyatirekI anumAna pramANa nahI hotA kyoM. ki isa meM sapakSa meM hetu kA astitva honA yaha guNa nahI hai / viruddha hetvAbhAsa meM bhI sapakSa meM astitva na honA yahI doSa hotA hai aura usI se vaha apramANa hotA hai / mImAMsakoM ke isa AkSepa meM sapakSa meM astitva na honA yaha hetu ajJAtAsiddha hai ( usakA honA siddha nahI hai ) kyoM ki sapakSa kA astitva grahaNa karanA tathA usa meM hetu ke astitva ko smaraNa karanA yahAM saMbhava nahIM hai (yahAM sapakSa hI nahIM hai ataH sapakSa meM hetu hai yA nahIM hai yaha kahanA saMbhava nahIM hai) yadi sapakSa kA jJAna saMbhava ho to vaha hetu kevalavyatirekI nahI rahegA, phira apramANa kise siddha kreNge| prAbhAkara mImAMsakoM ke pakSa meM bhI sapakSa meM astitva ke abhAva kA artha sapakSa kA svarUpa hI hai / vaha sapakSa isa kevalavyatirekI hetu meM hai hI nahIM ataH sapakSa meM astitva nahI yaha kahanA svarUpAsiddha ho jAtA hai / isalie kevalavyatirekI hetu bhI pramANabhUta hotA hai kyoM ki dhuMe se agni ke anumAna ke samAna hI yahAM bhI vyApti ke

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-1.29] [ 29. anumAnabhedatrayam ] tat sarvaM trividhaM dRSTAnumAnaM sAmAnyatodRSTAnumAnam adRSTAnumAnaM ceti / asmadAdipratyakSagRhItavyAptikam asmadAdipratyakSagrahaNayogyAthanumApakaM dRSTAnumAnama | parvato'gnimAn dhUmavattvAt mahAnasavat ityAdi / asmadAdipratyakSeNa sAmAnyato gRhItavyAttikam atIndriyArthAnumApakaM saamaanytodRssttaanumaanm| rUpAdiparicchittiH karaNajanyA ziyAtvAt, yA yA kriyA sA sA karaNajanyA yathA ghaTakriyA, kriyA ceyaM rUpAdiparicchittiH, tasmAt karaNajanyA ityAdi / Agamenaiva nizcitavyApsikam ~ anumAna ke tIna bheda yukta honA tathA pakSa kA dharma honA ye donoM guNa hetu meM haiM yaha mata sthira huaa| 25. anumAna ke tIna bheda sakatA hai ataH : uparyukta sabhI anumAnoM ke tIna prakAra hote haiM- -dRSTa anumAna, sAmAnyatodRSTa anumAna tathA adRSTa anumAna | jisa anumAna kI ( AdhArabhUta vyApti kA jJAna hama jaise logoM ke pratyakSa jJAna dvArA huA ho tathA hama jaise logoM ke pratyakSa jJAna dvArA jAnane yogya padArtha kA hI jisa se bodha hotA ho vaha dRSTa anumAna kahalAtA hai jaise- parvata abhiyukta hai kyoMki yaha e se yukta hai jaise rasoIghara ( dhuMe se yukta hotA hai taba agni se yukta hotA hI hai ) ( yahAM dhuMA aura agni ina kI vyApti pratyakSa se jAnI gaI hai tathA anumAna se jAnA gayA padArtha agni bhI pratyakSa se jAnA jA yaha dRSTa anumAna hai ) / jisa kI vyApti kA sAmAnya rUpa se ke pratyakSa dvArA jJAna hotA hai kintu jisa se jJAta honevAlA padArtha atIndriya ( indriyapratyakSa se na jAnA jAye) hotA hai usa anumAna ko sAmAnyatodRSTa kahate haiM / jaise-rUpa Adi kA jJAna sAdhanase hotA hai kyoM ki vaha kriyA hai,. jo jo kriyA hotI hai vaha vaha sAdhana se niSpanna hotI hai jaise ghaTa kI kriyA yaha rUpa Adi kA jJAna bhI kriyA hai ataH yaha bhI sAdhana se niSpanna hotI hai (yahAM kriyA aura sAdhana se nippanna honA ina kI vyApti sAmAnyataH hamAre pratyakSa se jJAta hotI hai kintu isa anumAna se bodhita honevAlA padArtha - rUpa Adi kA jJAna sAdhana se niSpanna hotA hai - indriyapratyakSa se nahIM hama jaise logoM

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pramAprameyam [1.30atIndriyArthAnumApakam adRSTAnumAnam / muktAtmA sakalaklezarahitaH sakalakarmarahitatvAt , yo yaH sakalaklezarahito na bhavati sa sarvaH sakalakarmarahito na bhavati yathA saMsArI, sakalakarmarahitazcAyaM muktAtmA, tasmAt sakalaklezarahitaH ityAdi // [30. anumAnAbhAsaH] vyAhipakSadharmatArahitahetoH sAdhyasAdhanam anumaanaabhaasH| tatra pakSadharmarahito hetursiddhH| vyAptirahitA hetavaH viruddhaankaantikaandhyvsitkaalaatyyaapdissttprkrnnsmaaH| siddhe pratyakSAdivAdhite ca sAdhye prayukto heturkiNcitkrH| akiMcitkarasya vyAptipakSadharmatArAhi. mmmmmmmmmmmmmar jAnA jA sakatA ata: yaha sAmAnyatodRSTa anumAna hai)| jisa kI vyApti kA nizcaya kevala Aga: se hI hotA ho tathA jisa se jJAta honevAlA padArtha bhI atIndriya ho usa anumAna ko adRSTa kahate haiN| jaise-mukta AtmA sabhI duHkhoM se rahita hotA hai kyoM ki vaha sabhI karmoM se rahita hotA hai, jo sabhI koM se rahita nahIM hotA vaha sabhI duHkhoM se rahita nahIM hotA jaise saMsArI jIva, mukta AtmA sabhI karmo se rahita hotA hai, ataH vaha sabhI duHkhoM se rahita hotA hai ( yahAM muka AtmA kA sabhI duHkhoM se rahita honA yaha viSaya atIndriya hai tathA jo karmarahita hotA hai vaha duHkharahita hotA hai yaha vyApti bhI pratyakSa se nahI jAnI jAtI, isa kA nizcaya kevala Agama se hotA hai ataH yaha adRSTa anumAna hai)| anumAna ke AbhAsa jo vyApti se rahita hai tathA pakSa kA dharma nahI hai aise he tu se sA vya ko siddha karanA yaha anumAna kA AbhAsa hai / jo hetu pakSa kA dharma nahI hotA use asiddha kahate haiN| viruddha, anaikAntika, anadhyavasita, kAlAtyayApadiSTa tathA prakaraNasama ye hetu vyApti se rahita hote haiM / jo sAdhya pahale hI siddha ho usa ke viSaya meM tathA jo pratyakSa Adi se bAdhita ho usa ke viSaya meM prayukta hetu akiMcitkara kahalAtA hai / akiMcitkara hetu vyApti se rahita nahI hotA tathA pakSadharmatvarahita bhI nahI hotA phira use (hetu kA) AbhAsa kaise kahA jAya aisA prazna ho sakatA hai, uttara yaha hai ki usa kA

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- 1.31] anumAna ke AbhAsa tyAbhAvastarhi tasyAbhAsatvaM kautaskutamiti cet prtivaadysiddhaaprmaadvsvaat| sAdhyavikalAdidRSTAntAbhAsAzca vyaaptirhitaaH| tad ythaa| anizcitapakSavRttiH hetursiddhH| pakSavipakSayoreva vartamAno hetuH viruddhaH / pakSatrayavRttihetuH anaikaantikH| prativAdiprasiddhasAdhye prayukto heturkiNcitkrH| anizcitavyAptikaH pakSa eva vartamAno hetuH andhyvsitH| bAdhitasAdhye pakSe prayukto hetuH kaalaatyyaapdissttH| svaparapakSasiddhAvapitrirUpo hetuHprakaraNasamaH // [31. asiddhabhedAH] ttraasiddhbhedaaH| pakSe'vidyamAno hetuH svarUpAsiddhaH, anityaH zabdaH cAkSuSatvAt pradIpavat / bhinnAdhikaraNe prayukto hetuH vyadhikaraNAsiddhaH, pramAdapUrNa ( doSapUrNa ) na honA pratipakSI ke lie asiddha hai (pratipakSI usa hetu meM doSa batalA sakatA hai ataH use hetu kA AbhAsa kahA hai)| sAdhyavikala Adi dRSTAntAbhAsa bhI vyApti se rahita hote haiM (ina kA Age varNana kreNge)| (hetvAbhAsoM ke lakSaNa ) isa prakAra haiM - jisa hetu kA pakSa meM astitva nizcita nahIM ho vaha asiddha hotA hai| jo hetu pakSa meM tathA vipakSa meM hI ho (sapakSa meM na ho) vaha viruddha hotA hai / jo hetu tInoM pakSoM meM (pakSa sapakSa tathA vipakSa meM) ho vaha anaikAntika hotA hai| prativAdI ke lie jo sAdhya pahale hI siddha hotA hai usa ke viSaya meM prayukta hetu akiMcitkara hotA hai / jo hetu pakSa meM hI ho kintu jisa kI vyAti anizcita ho vaha anadhya. vasita hotA hai / jisa pakSa meM sAdhya kA astitva bAdhita hai usa ke viSaya meM prayukta hetu kAlAtyayApadiSTa hotA hai / jisa hetu ke tInoM rUpa ( pakSa meM astitva, sapakSa meM astitva, vipakSa meM abhAva ) apane pakSa ke tathA pratipakSa ke - donoM ke siddha karane meM prayukta hote haiM vaha prakaraNasama hotA hai (ina saba hetvAbhAsoM ke upabheda tathA udAharaNa aba kramazaH btaayeNge)| asiddha hetvAbhAsa ke prakAra __asiddha hetvAbhAsa ke bheda isa prakAra haiM-jo hetu pakSa meM vidyamAna na ho vaha svarUpAsiddha hotA hai, jaise-zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha cAkSuSa hai (cAkSuSa honA yaha hetu zabda isa pakSa meM vidyamAna nahI hai ataH yaha svarUpAsiddha hai)|

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28 pramApremayam parvato'gnimAn mahAnasasya dhUmavattvAt maThavat / pakSaikadeze vartamAno hetuH bhAgAsiddhaH, anityaH zabdaH prayatnajanyatvAt pttvt| pakSe'vidyamAnavizepyo hetuH vizeSyAsiddhaH, anityaH zabdaH sAmAnyavattve sati cAkSuSatvAt / pakSe'vidyamAnavizeSaNo hetuH vizeSaNAsiddhaH, anityaH zabdaH cAkSuSatve sati saamaanyvttvaat| pakSe ajJAto hetuH ajJAtAsiddhaH, . rAgAdirahitaH kapilaH utpannatattvajJAnatvAt / saMdigdhAsiddhazcAyameva / pakSe saMdigdhavizepyo hetuH saMdigdhavizeSyAsiddhaH, kapilo rAgAdimAn puruSatve sati anutpannatattvajJAnatvAt / pakSe saMdigdhavizeSaNo hetuH saMdigdhavize (pakSa se ) bhinna sthAna meM prayukta hetu vyadhikaraNAsiddha hotA hai, jaise-parvata agni se yukta hai kyoM ki rasoIghara dhuMe se yukta hai jaise maTha ( yahAM dhuMe se yukta honA yaha hetu parvata isa pakSa meM na batalA kara usa se bhinna sthAna rasoIghara meM batalAyA hai ataH yaha vyadhikaraNAsiddha hai)| pakSa ke eka hisse meM jo vidyamAna ho ( sarvatra na ho ) usa hetu ko bhAgAsiddha kahate haiM, jaise -zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha prayatna se utpanna hotA hai jaise vastra ( yahAM prayatna se utpanna honA yaha hetu zabda isa pakSa ke eka hisse meM vidyamAna hai, sarvatra nahIM, kyo ki akSarAtmaka zabda to prayatna se utpanna hotA hai aura meghagarjanAdi 38da dinA prayatna ke bhI utpanna hotA hai ataH yaha hetu bhAgAsiddha hai)| jisa kA vizeSya pakSa meM vidyamAna na ho vaha hetu vizeSyAsiddha hotA hai, jaise - zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha sAmAnyayukta hote hue cAkSuSa hotA hai ( yahAM sAmAnyayukta hote hue cAkSuSa honA isa hetu kA vizeSya arthAta cAkSuSa honA zabda isa pakSa meM nahIM pAyA jAtA ataH yaha hetu vizeSyAsiddha hai)| jisa heta kA vizeSaNa pakSameM vidyamAna na ho vaha vizeSaNAsiddha hotA hai, jaise- zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha cAkSuSa hote hue sAmAnyayukta hai (yahAM cAkSuSa hote hue sAmAnyayukta honA isa hetu kA vizeSaNa arthAta cAkSuSa honA zabda isa pakSa meM nahIM pAyA jAtA ataH vaha hetu vizeSaNAsiddha hai) / pakSa meM jisa hetu ke astitva kA jJAna na hotA ho,vaha ajJAtA siddha hotA hai,jaisekapila rAga Adi se rahita haiM kyoM ki unheM tattvajJAna utpanna huA hai (yahAM kapila isa pakSa meM tattvajJAna utpanna honA isa hetu kA astitva jAnA nahIM gayA

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- 1.31] asiddha hetvAbhAsa 29 paNAsiddhaH, kapilo rAgAdimAn anutpannatasvajJAnatve sati puruSatvAt / nirarthavizeSyavAn hetuH vyarthavizeSyAsiddhaH, anityaH zabdaH kRtakatve sati sAmAnyavattvAt / niSprayojanavizeSaNavAn hetuH vyarthavizeSaNAsiddhaH, anityaH zabdaH sAmAnyavatve sati kRtakatvAt / pramANenAsiddhe pakSe prayukto hetuH AzrayAsiddha:, asti pradhAnaM vizvapariNAmitvAt / etat nAdriyate jainaH, pakSasya vikalpasiddhatvapratipAdanAt // hai ataH yaha ajJAtAsiddha hetu hai ) / isI ko saMdigdhAsiddha bhI kahate haiM / jisa kA astitva vizeSya meM hai yA nahI isa meM sandeha ho vaha hetu saMdigdhavizeSyAsiddha hotA hai / jaise - kapila rAga Adi se yukta hai kyoM ki puruSa hote hue use tattvajJAna utpanna nahI huA hai (yahAM tattvajJAna utpanna na honA yaha vizeSyakapila isa pakSa meM hai yA nahI yaha saMdigdha hai ataH yaha saMdigdhavizeSyAsiddha hetu huaa)| jisa ke vizeSaNa kA astitva meM pakSa meM saMdigdha ho vaha hetu saMdigdhavizeSaNAsiddha hotA hai / jaise- kapila rAga Adi se yukta hai kyoM ki tattvajJAna utpanna na hote hue vaha puruSa hai ( yahAM tattvajJAna utpanna na honA yaha vizeSaNa kapila isa pakSa meM saMdigdha hai ataH yaha hetu saMdigdhavizeSaNAsiddha huA ) / jisa hetu meM vizeSya nirarthaka ho vaha vyarthavizeSyAsiddha hotA hai| jaise- zabda anitya haiM kyoMki vaha kRtaka hote hue sAmAnya se yukta hai ( yahAM sAmAnya se yukta honA yaha vizeSya nirupayogI hai ataH yaha hetu vyarthaM vizeSyAsiddha huA ) / jisa hetu kA vizeSaNa nirupayogI ho vaha vyartha vizeSaNA siddha hotA hai / jaisezabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha sAmAnyayukta hote hue kRtaka hai ( yahAM sAmAnyayukta hote hue yaha vizeSaNa nirupayogI hai ataH yaha hetu vyartha vizeSaNAsiddha huA ) | jo pakSa pramANa se siddha na huA ho usa ke viSaya meM prayukta hetu AzrayAsiddha hotA hai / jaise- pradhAna (prakRti) kA astitva hai kyoM ki yaha vizva usI kA pariNAma hai ( vikasita svarUpa hai ) ( yahAM prakRti isa pakSa kA astitva pramANasiddha nahI hai ataH isa ke bAre meM sabhI hetu AzrayAsiddha hoMge) jainoM dvArA isa ko ( AzrayAsiddha hetvAbhAsa ko ) mAnyatA nahI dI jAtI kyoMki ve pakSa ko vikalpasiddha bhI mAnate haiM ( jisa kA astitva hai yA nahI isa ke viSaya meM sandeha ho vaha pakSa vikalpasiddha hotA hai-usa ke viSaya meM bhI anumAna ho sakatA hai aisA jainoM kA mata hai ) !

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pramAprameyam [1:32[32. sapakSasadbhAve viruddhabhedAH] ___ sAdhyaviparIte nizcitavyAptiko hetuH viruddhH| tadbhedAH sati sapakSe catvAro viruddhaaH| pakSavipakSavyApako yathA- nityaH zabdaH kAryatvAt / pakSa rUpe zabde kAryatvamasti, vipakSarUpe anitye ghaTapaTAdau ca sarvatrAsti kAryatvam / vipakSakadezavRttiH pakSavyApako yathA-nityaH zabdaH sAmAnyavanave sati asmadAdibAhyendriyagrAhyatvAt / vipakSarUpe ghaTAdau bAhyendriyagrAhyatvamasti, vipakSarUpe sukhAdau tannAstyeva, pakSIkRteSu zabdeSu sapakSa ke rahate hue viruddha hetvAbhAsa ke prakAra jisa kI vyApti sAdhya ke viruddha pakSa meM nizcita ho usa hetu ko viruddha kahate haiM / sapakSa ke rahate hue usa viruddha hetvAbhAsa ke cAra prakAra hote haiM | pakSa tathA vipakSa meM vyApaka viruddha hetvAbhAsa kA udAharaNa- zabda nitya hai kyoM ki vaha kArya hai| yahAM zabda isa pakSa meM kArya honA (yaha hetu) hai, vipakSa sarthAta ghaTa paTa ityAdi anitya padArthoM meM bhI sarvatra kArya honA (yaha hetu) vidyamAna hai ( ataH yaha hetu pakSavipakSavyAdhI viruva hevAbhAsa hai) pakSa meM vyApaka tathA vipakSa ke eka bhAga meM rahanevAle viruddha hetvAbhAsa kA udAharaNa-zabda nitya hai kyoM ki sAmAnya se yukta hote hue vaha hama jaise logoM ko bAhya indriyoM se jJAta hotA hai| yahAM ghaTa ityAdi vipakSa meM (anitya padArthoM meM ) bAhya indriyoM se jJAta honA ( yaha hetu ) hai, sukha ityAdi vipakSa meM (anitya padArthoM meM) vaha nahIM hai (ve bAhya indriyoM se jJAta nahI hote ) tathA zabda isa pakSa meM sarvatra bAhya indriyoM se jJAta honA (yaha hetu) vidyamAna hai ( ataH yaha vipakSakadezavRtti pakSavyApaka viruddha hetvAbhAsa hai)| pakSa tathA vipakSa donoM ke eka bhAga meM rahanevAle viruddha hetvAbhAsa kA udAharaNa - zabda nitya hai kyoM ki vaha prayatna se utpanna hotA hai / yahAM pakSa meM jo zabda tAlU, hoMTha Adi kI halacala se utpanna hote haiM una meM to prayatnajanita honA yaha hetu hai kintu nadI kI AvAja, meghagarjanA Adi zabdoM meM vaha hetu nahI hai ( ve zabda prayatnajanita nahI haiM ), ghaTa ityAdi vipakSa meM vaha (prayatnajanita honA) vidyamAna hai kintu prAgabhAva jaise vipakSa meM vaha nahIM hai (prAgabhAva prayatnajanita nahI hotA, kisI vastu ke utpanna hone se pahale usa kA jo

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31 --1.33] viruddha hetvAbhAsa sarvatra bAhyendriyagrAhyatvamasti / pakSavipakSakadezavRttiryathA-nityaH zabdaH prayatnajanyatvAt / pakSIkRte tAlvoSThapuTavyApArajanite zabde prayatnajanyatva masti, nadIghoSameghagarjanAdau tannAsti, vipakSarUpe ghaTAdau tad vidyate, prAgabhAye tnnaasti| pakSakadezavRttiH vipakSavyApako yathA-nityA pRthivI kRtakatvAt / pakSarUpe pRthivyAdau kRtakatvamasti, pRthvIgatatatsvarUpaparamANuSu tadapi nAsti, vipakSarUpe anitye ghaTapaTAdau sarvatra kRtakatvaM vyAtamasti / [33. rApakSAbhAve viruddhabhedAH] asati sapakSe catvAro viruddhaaH| pakSavipakSavyApako yathAAkAzavizeSaguNaH zabdaH prameyatvAt / pakSIkRte zabde sarvatra prameyatvamasti / zabdaM vihAyAnyapadArthAH AkAzavizeSaguNA na bhavanti ata eva abhAva hotA hai use prAgabhAva kahate haiM vaha svAbhAvika hotA hai prayatnanirmita nahIM) ( isa prakAra yaha hetu pakSavipakSaikadezavyApI viruddha hetvAbhAsa hai)| pakSa ke eka bhAga meM rahanevAlA aura vipakSa meM vyApaka viruddha hetvAbhAsa isa prakAra hotA hai -pRthivI nitya hai kyo ki vaha kRtaka hai| yahAM pRthivI isa pakSa meM kRtaka honA ( yaha hetu ) hai, kintu pRthvI meM samAviSTa usa ke svarUpa ke paramANuoM meM vaha (kRtaka honA) nahI hai (nyAyamata ke anusAra pRthvI Adi ke paramANu nitya haiM, ve kisI ke dvArA banAye nahIM jAte, una paramANuoM se Izvara pRthvI Adi kA nirmANa karatA hai, ataH pRthvI kRtaka hai kintu pRthvI- paramANu kRtaka nahI haiM ), ghaTa paTa ityAdi vipakSa meM (anitya padArthoM meM ) sarvatra kRtaka honA ( yaha hetu) vyApta hai ( ataH yaha pakSaikadezavRtti vipakSavyApaka viruddha hetvAbhAsa hai)| sapakSa ke abhAva meM viruddha hetvAbhAsa ke cAra prakAra ___ sapakSa na ho to viruddha hetvAbhAsa ke cAra prakAra hote haiN| pakSa aura vipakSa meM vyApaka viruddha kA udAharaNa-zabda AkAza kA vizeSa guNa hai kyoM ki vaha prameya hai| yahAM prameya honA yaha hetu zabda isa pakSa meM sarvatra vyApta hai, zabda ko choDa anya padArtha AkAza ke vizeSa guNa nahI hote ataH ve saba vipakSa haiM, usa ghaTa paTa Adi vipakSa meM sarvatra prameya honA yaha hetu hai :

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32 pramAprameyam [1.33 te vipakSAH / vipakSarUpeSu teSu ghaTapaTAdiSu sarvatra prameyatvamasti / pakSavipakSaikadezavRttiryathA - AkAzavizeSaguNaH zabdaH prayatnAnantarIyakatvAt / pakSatAM prapanne tAloSThapuTavyApAraghaTite zabde prayatnAnantarIyakatvamasti, parjanyagarjanAdizabde nAsti / vipakSarUpeSu ghaTapaTAdiSu so'yaM heturasti / prAgabhAvAdau sa na saMbhAvyate / pakSavyApako vipakSaikadezavRttiryathAAkAzavizeSaguNaH zabdaH asmadAdivAhyendriyagrAhyatvAt / pakSIkRteSu zabdeSu hetuH sarvatrAsti, vipakSarUpe ghaTapaTAdAvapi heturayaM samasti, sukhAdau heturayaM na vidyate / vipakSavyApakaH pakSaikadezavRttiH yathA - AkAzavizeSaguNaH zabdaH apadAtmakatvAt / vipakSarUpeSu ghaTapaTAdiSu ( ataH yaha pakSavipakSavyApI viruddha hetvAbhAsa hai ) / pakSa aura vipakSa ke kucha bhAga meM vyApaka viruddha kA udAharaNa - zabda AkAza kA vizeSa guNa hai kyoM ki vaha prayatna se utpanna hotA hai / yahAM pakSa meM samAviSTa zabdoM meM jo tAlu, hoMTha Adi kI kriyA se utpanna hote haiM una zabdoM meM prayatna se utpanna honA yaha hetu hai, kintu mevagarjanA Adi zabdoM meM yaha hetu nahIM hai (ve zabda prayatnajanya nahIM hote ); tathA ghaTa, paTa Adi vipakSoM meM yaha hetu hai kintu prAgabhAva Adi meM nahI hai prAgabhAva Adi prayatnajanya nahI hote ) ( ataH yaha pakSa aura vipakSa donoM ke eka bhAga meM rahanevAlA viruddha hetvAbhAsa hai ) / pakSa meM vyApaka aura vipakSa ke eka bhAga meM rahanevAle viruddha kA udAharaNa zabda AkAza kA vizeSa guNa hai kyoM ki vaha bAhya indriyoM se jJAta hotA hai / yahAM zabda isa pakSa meM bAhya indriyoM se jJAta honA yaha hetu sarvatra vyAta hai, ghaTa paTa Adi vipakSa meM bhI yaha hetu hai kintu sukhaduHkha Adi vipakSa meM yaha hetu nahIM haiM ( ve bAhya indriyoM se jJAta nahI hote ) ( ataH yaha pakSavyApI vipakSaikadezavRtti viruddha hetvAbhAsa hai ) / vipakSa meM vyApaka tathA pakSa ke eka bhAga meM rahanevAle virudva kA udAharaNa - zabda AkAza kA vizeSa guNa hai kyoMki vaha padarUpa nahIM hai / yahAM ghaTa paTa Adi vipakSa meM sarvatra padarUpa na honA yaha hetu vyApta hai, pakSa meM samAviSTa nadI kA dhvani, mevagarjanA Adi zabdoM meM bhI yaha hetu hai ( ve zabda padarUpa nahI hote ) kintu tAlu, hoMTha Adi kI kriyA se utpanna zabdoM meM yaha hetu nahI hai ( ve zabda padarUpa -

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-1.34] anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa 33 pAlakatvaM sarvatra vyAhamasti, pakSarUpe nadIghopajaladharaninadAdau ca apadAtmakatvaM vidyate tAvvopuTavyApArajanite zabde nAsti / nanu pakSaiva dezavartinAM bhAgAsiddhatvena asiddhabhedatvAt teSAM kimarthamana prayoga iti cetu keSAMcit hetRnAmubhayadoSasaddbhAvapradarzanArtham // [ 34. anaikAntikabhedAH pakSavyApakAH ] vipakSe'pi vRttimAn heturanaikAntikaH / tdbhedaaH| pakSatravyApako yathA - anityaH zabdaH prameyatvAt / pakSarUpe zabde sarvatra prameyatvamasti, sapakSe ghaTapaTAdau cAsti, tathA nityarUpe vipakSe AkAzAdau ca prameyatvaM sarvatra vyAptam / pakSavyApakaH sapakSavipakSaikadezavRttiH yathA - nityaH zabdaH asmadAdibAhendriyagrAhyatvAt / pakSarUpe zabde asmadAdipratyakSatvaM sarvatra vyAptamasti, anityarUpe sapakSe ghaTapaTAdI asti, anityarUpe hote haiM ) ( ataH yaha vipakSI pakSaikadezavRtti viruddha hetvAbhAsa hai ) / yahAM prazna hotA hai ki jo hetu pakSa ke eka bhAga meM hI hotA hai ( anya bhAgoM meM nahI hotA ) vaha bhAgAsiddha hotA hai, vaha asiddha hetvAbhAsa kA prakAra hai, phira yahAM usa kA prayoga kyoM kiyA hai| uttara yaha hai ki kucha hetuoM meM donoM doSa ( asiddha honA aura viruddha honA ) hote haiM yaha batalAne ke lie (aise udAharaNa diye haiM ) / pakSa meM vyApaka anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa jo hetu vipakSa meM bhI vidyamAna hotA hai use anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa prameya honA yaha hetu kahate haiM / usa ke prakAroM ke udAharaNa isa prakAra haiN| sapakSa tathA vipakSa meM) vyApta honevAle anaikAntika kA hai kyoMki vaha prameya hai / yahAM zabda isa pakSa meM sarvatra vidyamAna hai, ghaTapaTa ityAdi sapakSa meM bhI yaha vidyamAna hai tathA AkAza ityAdi jo nitya haiM una vipakSa ke padArthoM meM bhI prameya honA sarvatra nAta hai / pakSa meM vyApaka tathA sapakSa aura vipakSa ke eka bhAga meM rahanevAle anaikAntika kA udAharaNa - zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha hama jaise logoM ke bAhya indriyoM dvArA jJAta hotA hai / yahAM zabda isa pakSa meM hama jaise logoM ko pratyakSa jJAta pra.pra. 3 tInoM pakSoM meM ( pakSa, udAharaNa - zabda anitya

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34 pramAprameyam [1.34sapakSe sukhAdau nAsti, nityavipakSarUpAyAM pRthivyAm asmadAdipratyakSatvamasti, tadgataparamANuSu nAsti / pakSasapakSavyApako vipakSakadezavRttiyathA-gaurayaM viSANitvAt / ayamiti purovartini pakSe viSANitvaM vyAptamasti, tathA sapakSarUpeSu anyagoSu ca viSANitvamasti, gavAM vipakSarUpe mahiSAdau ca viSANitvaM vidyate, teSAM vipakSarUpe kharaturagAdau viSANitvaM na prkaashte| pakSavipakSavyApakaH sapakSaikadezavRttiH yathAnAyaM gauH viSANitvAt / ayamiti purobhAgipakSe viSANitvaM vyAptamabhUt / gaurna bhavati mahiSItyasya vipakSo gaurbhavatIti tatrApi viSANitvaM vidyate / gaurna bhavatItyasya sapakSo mahiSyAdiH teSu ca viSANitvaM vidyate, kharaturagAdau nAsti // honA yaha hetu sarvatra vyApta hai, sapakSa meM vaTa paTa ityAdi anitya padArthoM meM vaha hai kintu sapakSa ke hI sukha ityAdi anitya vastuoM meM yaha hetu nahI hai vipakSa meM nitya pRthvI meM hama jaisoM ko pratyakSa dvArA jJAta honA yaha hetu hai, kintu usI pRthvI ke paramANuoM meM yaha hetu nahI haiN| pakSa aura sapakSa meM vyApaka tathA vipakSa ke eka bhAga meM rahanevAle anaikAntika kA udAharaNayaha baila haiM kyoM ki ise sIMga hai / yaha isa zabda dvArA varNita jo sAmane sthita hai usa prANI meM arthAta pakSa meM sIMga honA yaha hetu hai, jo sapakSa haiM una dUsare bailoM meM bhI yaha sIMga honA vidyamAna hai, bailoM ke lie vipakSa aise bhaise Adi meM bhI sIMga honA yaha hetu hai kintu usI vipakSa ke gadhe, voDe Adi prANiyoM meM yaha hetu nahI hai / pakSa aura vipakSa meM vyApaka tathA sapakSa ke eka bhAga meM rahanevAle anaikAntika kA udAharaNa-yaha baila nahI hai kyoM ki ise sIMga haiN| yahAM yaha isa zabda dvArA varNita Age khaDe hue prANI arthAta pakSa meM sIMga honA yaha hetu vyApta hai, jo baila nahI hai usa bhaiMsa kA vipakSa baila yahI hogA, usa vipakSa meM bhI sIMga honA yaha hetu hai, bhaiMsa Adi sapakSa-jo baila nahI haiM usa meM bhI yaha hetu (sIMga honA) vidyamAna hai, kintu sapakSa meM hI samAviSTa ( jo baila nahIM haiM aise ) gadhe, ghoDe Adi meM yaha hetu nahI hai|

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-- 1.35] anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa [35. anaikAntikabhedAH pakSakadezavartinaH] pakSatrayaikadezavRttiH yathA-anityA pRthivI asmadAdibAhyendriyapratyakSatvAt / pRthivyAM pakSarUpAyAm asmadAdipratyakSatvamasti, tadgataparamANuSu nAsti / sapakSarUpe'nitye ghaTapaTAdau asmadAdipratyakSatvamasti na sukhAdau / nityarUpe vipakSe pradhvaMsAbhAve asmadAdipratyakSatvaM vidyate, kAlAtmAkAzAdiSu nAsti / pakSasapakSaikadezavRttiH vipakSavyApako yathAdravyANi dikkAlamanAMsi amUrtatvAt / pakSarUpe dikkAle amUrtatvamasti, manasi naasti| sapakSe AtmAkAzeSu vidyate, dravyarUpeSu ghaTAdiSu amUrtatva nAsti / adravyarUpe prAgabhAvapradhvaMsAbhAvetaretarAbhAvAtyantAbhAve abhAva. catuSTaye amUrtatvaM sarvatra vyAptam / pakSavipakSaikadezavRttiH sapakSavyApako yathA-na dravyANi dikkAlamanAMsi amuurttvaat| pakSarUpe dikkAle pakSa ke eka bhAga meM rahanevAle anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa tInoM pakSoM ke (pakSa sapakSa tathA vipakSa ke) eka bhAga meM rahanevAle anaikAntika kA udAharaNa-pRthvI anitya hai kyoM ki vaha hama jaise logoM ke bAhya indriyoM dvArA pratyakSa jAnI jAtI hai| yahAM pRthvI isa pakSa meM hama jaise logoM ko pratyakSa jJAta honA yaha hetu hai kintu isI pakSa meM antarbhUta pRthvI ke paramANuoM meM yaha hetu nahIM hai / sapakSa meM jo anitya ghaTapaTa Adi haiM una meM hamAre jaise logoM dvArA pratyakSa jJAta honA yaha hetu hai kintu sapakSa ke hI mukha Adi meM yaha hetu nahI hai / vipakSa meM jo pradhvaMsAbhAva Adi nitya haiM una meM yaha hetu arthAta hama jaise logoM dvArA pratyakSa jJAta honA vidyamAna hai kintu kAla, AtmA, AkAza Adi nitya padArthoM meM yaha hetu nahI hai / pakSa aura sapakSa ke ekabhAga meM tathA vipakSa meM sarvatra rahanevAle anaikAntika kA udAharaNa-dizA, kAla aura mana dravya haiM kyoM ki ve amUrta haiN| yahAM pakSa meM zAmila dizA aura kAla meM amUrta honA yaha hetu hai kintu mana meM yaha hetu nahI hai / AtmA, AkAza Adi sapakSa meM yaha hetu ( amUrta honA) hai kintu ghaTa Adi jo dravya hai ( ata eva sapakSa haiM) una meM yaha hetu nahI hai| (vipakSa meM arthAta ) jo dravya nahIM haiM una cAra abhAvoM meM - prAgabhAva, pradhvaMsAbhAva, itaretarAbhAva evaM atyantAbhAva meM - yaha hetu arthAta amurta honA sarvatra vyApta hai / pakSa aura vipakSa ke eka bhAga meM tathA sapakSa meM sarvatra

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pramAprameyam [1.35 - amUrtatvamasti, manasi nAsti / vipakSe dravyarUpe AtmAkAze'mUrtatvamastighaTapaTAnI nAsti / sapakSe adravyarUpeSu abhAvacatuSTayeSu amartatvaM sarvatra vyAptam / rUpaH vipada vyApakaH pakSakadezattiH yathA-na dravyANi dikkAlAtmAkAzamanAMsi AkAza vizeSaguNa rahitatvAt / sapakSe adravyarUpe asAvacatuSTaye AkAza vizeSaguNarahitatvaM sarvatra vyApakam / vipakSe dravyarUai bughaTapaTAdieca daguNarahita sarvatra vyAham / pItepu sarveSu dikkAlAtmamanaHsu AkAza vizeSaguNarahitatvamarita, AkAdo tAsti / [36. akiNcitkrH| siddhe sAdhyaM heturna vicit karotIti akicitkaraH / taijasaH pradIpaH upaNasparzavatvAt pAvakavat / rahanevAle. anaikAntika kA udAharaNa -- dizA, kAla aura mana dravya nahIM haiM kyoM ki ve amUrta haiM / yahAM pakSa meM zAmila dizA aura kAla meM amUrta honA yaha hetu hai kintu mana meM nahIM hai| jo dravya haiM una meM arthAta vipakSa meM -ghaTapaTa Adi meM yaha hetu nahI hai, AtmA, AkAza Adi meM yaha amUrta honA vidyamAna hai / jo dravya nahIM haiM aise cAra prakAra ke abhAvoM meM arthAta sapakSa meM amUrta honA yaha hetu sarvatra vyApta hai / sapakSa aura vipakSa meM sarvatra tathA. paMkSa ke eka bhAga meM rahanevAle anaikAntika kA udAharaNa - dizA, kAla, AtmA, AkAza, mana ye dravya nahI haiM kyoM ki ye AkAza ke vizeSa guNa se rahita haiN| yahAM jo dravya nahI haiM aise cAra abhAvoM meM arthAta sapakSa meM hetu arthAta AkAza ke vizeSa guNa se rahita honA sarvatra vyApta hai / vipakSa meM jo dravya haiM una ghaTa paTa Adi meM bhI yaha hetu arthAta zabda guNa se rahita honA satra vyApta hai / pakSa meM zAmila dizA, AtmA, kAla mana ina meM yaha. hetu hai kintu AkAza meM yaha hetu nahI hai / akilitkara hetvAbhAsa jahAM sAdhya pahale hI siddha ho vahAM hetu kucha bhI nahIM karatA ataH use akicitkara kahate haiN| jaise -- dIpaka teja se banA hai kyoM ki vaha agni ke samA- uSNa sparza se yukta hai ( vahAM dIpaka kA taijasa honA pahale hI saddha hai ataH usa ke lie uSNasparzayukta honA Adi hetu vyartha haiM - unheM akiMcirakara kahanA caahie)|

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-1.37] anadhyavasita hetvAbhAsa -to 7 [ 37. anadhyavasitaH] . anadhyavasitabhedAstu - avidyamAna sapakSavipakSaH pakSavyApako yathAsarva kSaNikaM sattvAt / kSaNikAkSaNikayoH sapakSavipakSayoH samityatraiva antarbhAvAt sattvAdityasya hetoH na tayoH prvRttiH| sarveSu AkAzaghaTa. paTAdiSu padArtheSu sattvAditIdaM hetutvaM sarvatra vyAptamasti / avidhamAnasapakSavipakSaH pakSakadezavRttiH yathA - sarvamanityaM kAryatvAt / atrApi sapakSavipakSayoH anityanityayoH sarvamityatraiva abhedadarzanAt na kAryatvasya pRthak pravRttiH / ata eva pakSe kvacit ghaTapaTAdau kAryatvamasti AtmAdiSu naasti| vidyamAnasapakSavipakSaH pazavyApako yathA - anityaH zabdaH AkAzavizeSaguNatvAt / sapakSavipakSarUpeSu ghaTapaTAtmakAleSu prAgabhAvo'nityaH sapakSe pradhvaM lAbhAvaH vipakSe sarvatra aakaashvishessgunnaabhaavH| svIkRte zabde sarvatra AkAzavizeSaNaguNatvaM vyAptaM samasti / vidyamAnasa. anadhyavasita hetvAbhAsa ___ isa ke prakAra nimnalikhita haiM / pakSa meM vyApta kintu sapakSa tathA vipakSa se rahita anadhyavasita kA udAharaNa - saba padArtha kSaNika haiM kyoM ki una kA astitva hai / yahAM jo kSaNika haiM ve padArtha sapakSa hoMge tathA jo kSaNika nahIM haiM ve vipakSa hoMge kintu ina donoM kA saba padArtha isa pakSa meM hI antarbhAva ho jAtA hai ataH astitva honA yaha hetu sapakSa yA vipakSa meM pravRtta nahIM ho sktaa| AkAza, vaTa, paTa Adi jitane padArtha haiM una saba meM astitva honA yaha hetu sarvatra vyApta hai| jisa meM sapakSa aura vipakSa nahI haiM tathA jo pakSa ke eka bhAga meM hai aise anadhyavasita kA udAharaNa - saba padArtha anitya haiM kyoM ki ve kArya haiN| yahAM bhI anitya padArtha sapakSa hoMge tathA nitya padArtha vipakSa hoMge kintu ina donoM kA saba padArtha isa pakSa meM hI antarbhAva hone se kArya honA yaha hetu alaga se sapakSa yA vipakSa meM 'pravRtta nahIM ho sktaa| yahAM pakSa meM kahIM kahIM ghaTa, paTa Adi meM kArya honA yaha hetu hai, AtmA Adi padArtho meM yaha hetu nahI hai / pakSa meM vyApaka tathA sapakSa aura vipakSa se yukta anadhyavasita kA udAharaNa - zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha AkAza kA vizeSa guNa hai / yahAM ghaTa, paTa Adi sapakSa haiM,

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38 pramAprameyam [1.37--- pakSavipakSaH pakSakadezavRttiH yathA - sarva dravyamanityaM kriyAvatvAt / / sapakSavipakSarUpayoH prAgabhAvapradhvaMsAbhAvayoH satorapi tatra kriyAvattvAditi hetorprvRttiH| pakSarUpeSu ghaTapaTAdiSu kriyAvattvamasti, AkAzAdiSuH nAsti / avidyamAnavipakSaH vidyamAnasa pakSaH pakSavyApako yathA- sarva kArya nityam utpattidharmakatvAt / sarvamityasya vipakSAbhAvaH / sapakSasya pradhvaM sAbhAvasya vidyamAnatve'pi hetorutpttidhrmktvsyaaprkRttiH| sarvamiti pakSIkRte ghaTapaTAdI utpattidharmakatvaM vyaaptmsti| avidyamAnavipakSaH vidyamAnasapakSaH pakSakadezavRttiryathA - sarva kArya nityaM sAvayavatvAt / pUrvavat, sarvamityasya vipkssaabhaavH| sapakSe pradhvaMsAbhAve satyapi sAvayavatvAbhAvaH AtmA, kAla Adi vipakSa haiM, ina donoM meM AkAza kA vizeSa guNa honA yaha hetu nahI hai / isI prakAra sapakSa meM zAmila prAgabhAva anitya hotA hai usa meM tathA vipakSa meM zAmila pradhvaMmAbhAva nitya hotA hai usa meM bhI yaha hetu nahI hai / ( pakSa ke rUpa meM ) svIkRta zabda meM sarvatra AkAza kA vizeSa guNa honA yaha hetu vyApta hai / sapakSa aura vipakSa ke hote hue pakSa ke eka bhAga meM rahanevAle anadhyavasita kA udAharaNa - saba dravya anitya haiM kyoM ki. ve kriyA se yukta haiN| yahAM prAgabhAva yaha mpakSa hai ( kyoM ki vaha anityaH hai) tathA pradhvaMsAbhAva yaha vipakSa hai (kyoM ki vaha nitya hai ) kintu ina donoM meM kriyAyukta honA yaha hetu nahI pAyA jaataa| yahAM pakSa meM zAmila ghaTa, paTa Adi meM kriyAyukta honA yaha hetu hai parantu AkAza Adi meM ( ve dravya haiM tathApi ) yaha hetu nahIM pAyA jAtA / jisa meM vipakSa na ho, sapakSa ho tathA jo pakSa meM vyApaka ho aise anadhyavasita kA udAharaNa - saba kArya nitya haiM kyoM ki utpatti yaha una kA dharma hai| yahAM saba kArya yaha pakSa hai. ataH isa meM vipakSa nahI ho sktaa| yahAM pradhvaMsAbhAva yaha sapakSa hai (kyoM ki vaha nitya hai ) tathApi usa meM utpatti honA yaha hetu nahIM pAyA jaataa| pakSa meM zAmila saba kAryoM me - ghaTa, paTa Adi meM utpatti honA yaha hetu vyApta hai / jisa meM vipakSa na ho, sapakSa ho tathA jo pakSa ke eka bhAga meM. vidyamAna hA aise anadhyavasita kA udAharaNa - saba kArya nitya haiM kyoM ki. ve avayavasahita haiN| yahAM pUrvokta udAharaNa ke samAna hI saba kArya yaha pakSa

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-1.38] kAlAtyayApadiSTa 39 kAryarUpe ghaTAdau sAvayavatvaM vidyate, kAryarUpe pradhvaMsAbhAve nityatve vidyamAne'pi sAvayavatvaM nAsti / [38. kAlAtyayApadiSTaH ] ___ kAlAtyayApadiSTastu kathyate / pakSe sAdhyasya bAdhA prtykssaanumaanaagmloksvvcnaiH| tatra pratyakSabAdhA - agniH anuSNA dravyatvAt jalavat / anumAnabAdhA- anityaH paramANuH mUrtatvAt ghaTavat ityupajIvakAnumAna nityaH paramANuH avibhAgitvAt Atmavat ityupajIvyAnumAnena baadhyte| yatrAnumAnayoH upajIvyopajIvakabhAve sati virodhaH tatropajIvyAnumAnena hone se vipakSa kA astitvahI nahI ho sktaa| sapakSa pradhvaMsAbhAva hai kintu usa meM avayavasahita honA yaha hetu nahIM hai / pakSa meM zAmila kAryoM meM ghaTa. paTa Adi meM avayavasahita honA yaha hetu hai ki tu pradhvaMsAbhAba isa kArya meM nitya hone para bhI avayavasahita honA yaha hetu nahI pAyA jaataa| kAlAtyayApadiSTa hetvAbhAsa aba kAlAtyayApadiSTa hetvAbhAsa kA varNana karate haiM / (jisa kA sAdhya bAdhita ho usa hetu ko kAlAtyayApadiSTa hetvAbhAma kahate haiM yaha Upara batA cuke haiN)| pakSa meM sAdhya ke bAdhita hona ke pAMca prakAra haiM- pratyakSa se, anumAna se, Agama se, lokarIti se tathA apane hI kathana se / pratyakSa se bAdhita sAdhya kA udAharaNa hai- agni uSNa nahIM hai kyoM ki vaha dravya hai jaise jala ( yahAM agni kA uSNa na honA yaha sAdhya pratyakSa se bAdhita hai)| anumAna se bAdhita sAdhya kA udAharaNa paramANu anitya hai kyoM ki vaha mUrta hai jaise ghaTa | yahAM paramANu ke anitya hone kA anumAna upajIvaka hai! paramANu nitya hai kyoM ki vaha avibhAgI hai jaise AtmA - isa upajIvya anumAna se uparyukta upajIvaka anamAna bAdhita hotA hai| jahAM do anumAnoM meM eka ugjIvaka tathA dUsarA upajIvya ho tathA una meM virodha ho vahAM upajIvya anumAna ke dvArA upajIvaka anumAna bAdhita hotA hai| jahAM ( anumAnoM meM upajIvya-upajIvaka saMbaMdha na hote hue ) kevala virodha ho vahAM use prakaraNasamA jAti samajhanA caahie| virodhI anumAna se AkSepa upasthita karanA yaha prakaraNasamA jAti hai ( kintu yaha jAti arthAta jhUThA dUSaNa

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prabhAprameyam [1.39 upajIvakAnumAnaM bAdhyate / yatra kevalaM virodhaH tatra pratyanumAnena pratyavasthAnaM prakaraNasamA jAtireva na tu bAdhA / yatra kevalamupajIvyopajIvakabhAvaH tatropajIvyAnumAnaM sAdhakameva na tu bAdhakam / AgamabAdhA pretya sukhaprado dharmaH puruSAzritatvAt adhrmvt| lokabAdhA - naraviSTA zuciH narazarIrajatvAt stana zIvaditi / svavacanabAdhA -mAtA me vandhyA puruSasaMyoge'pi agarbhatvAt prasiddhavandhyAvaditi // 40 [ 39. prakaraNasamaH ] prakaraNasamo yathA - anityaH zabdaH pakSapakSayoranyataratvAt sapakSavadityukte nityaH zabdaH pakSapakSayoranyataratvAt sapakSavaditi / etad anaikAntikAnnArthAntaram / vipakSe'pi vRttimatvAt ubhayatra vyabhi - haiM) yaha vAstavika bAdhA nahIM hai| jahAM do anumAnoM meM (virodha na hote hue) eka upajIvya tathA dUsarA upajIvaka ho vahAM unajIvana anumAna ( upajIvaka anumAna kA ) sAdhaka hI hotA haiM, bAdhaka nahIM hotA / Agama se bAdhita sAdhya kA udAharaNa-dharma mRtyu ke bAda duHkha detA hai kyoM ki vaha puruSa para azrita hai, jaise adharma ( yahAM mRtyu ke bAda dharma duHkha detA hai yaha sAdhya Agama se bAdhita hai ) / lokarIti se bAdhita sAdhya kA udAharaNa - puruSa kA mala pavitra hai kyoM ki vaha puruSa ke zarIra se nikalatA hai jaise mAtA kA dUdha ( yahAM mala kA pavitra honA yaha sAdhya lokarIti se bAdhita hai ) / apane fat se bAta sAdhya kA udAharaNa - merI mAtA vandhyA hai kyoM ki puruSa ke saMyoga ke bAda bhI use garbha nahIM rahatA, jaise anya bandhyAeM ( yahAM merI mAtA isa kathana se hI bandhyA honA yaha sAdhya bAdhita hai ) / prakaraNasrama hetvAbhAsa isa kA udAharaNa nimnalikhita hai - zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha *pakSa yA sapakSa meM se eka hai / yahAM yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki zabda nitya hai kyoMki vaha pakSa yA sapakSa meM se eka hai ( tAtparya, yaha hetu pakSa ke sAdhya ke lie aura usa ke viruddha sAdhya ke lie - donoM prakaraNoM ke lie samAna hai ) | yaha hetvAbhAsa anaikAntika se bhinna nahIM hai kyoM ki yaha

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-1.39] prakaraNasama 41 cAritvAcca / kiM ca, pakSadharmatvaM sapakSe satvaM vipakSAt vyAvRttiH trairuulym| tatra hetoH vipakSAt vyAvRttiH nizcitA ce vipakSe trairUyAbhAvo nizcita ev| tavyAvRttinizcaye svapakSe trairUlyAbhAvo nizcitaH smAdeti na kasyApi hetoH ubhayatra trairUnyaM jAvaTIti / atha pakSalajhayoranyatattvAditi pakSatvAditi asya hetoH ubhayatra trairUyaM jAghaTIti iti cenn| tadasaMbhavAt / tathAhi / pakSalapakSayoranyataratvAditi pakSapAdipabhiprAya: sapakSatvAditi vA / Aye pakSavAdityasya hemoH sAjhe alAvAt sapane sattvAbhAvena trairuupyaabhaavH| dvitIye sapazavAdityasya hetoH pajhe alacena pakSadharmatvAbhAvAt trairuuyaabhaavH| tathApi progAM ghusapatha vRdha nirUpaNaM prakaraNasamasya // vipakSa meM bhI vidyamAna hotA hai tathA ( sapakSa aura vipakSa ) donoM meM aniyamita rUpa se pAyA jAtA hai ( - vyabhicArI hai ) / pakSa kA dharma honA, sapakSa meM honA tathA vipakSa meM na honA ye hetu ke tIna rUpa ( Avazyaka guNa) haiN| yadi vipakSa meM hetu nahI hai yaha nizcita ho to usa hetu ke vipakSa meM ye tIna rUpa nahI hoMge yaha nizcita hai| tathA yadi vipakSa meM hetu kA abhAva nahI hai * (vipakSa meM bhI hetu pAyA jAtA hai) yaha nizcita ho to svapakSa meM ina tIna rUpoM kA abhAva nizcita hotA hai / ataH kisI bhI hetu ke tInoM rUpa (pakSa aura vipakSa ) donoM meM ghaTita nahIM hote| uparyukta udAharaNa meM pakSa ora sapakSa meM se eka honA isa hetu kA tAtparya pakSa honA yaha ho to donoM pakSoM meM hetu ke * tInoM rUpa saMbhava haiM yaha kathana bhI ucita nahIM kyoM ki yaha asaMbhava hai| - pakSa aura sapakSa meM se eka honA isa pakSa kA tAtparya pakSa honA * yaha hogA athavA sapakSa honA yaha hogA / pahale pakSa meM * pakSa honA yaha hetu sapakSa meM nahI ho sakatA ataH usa ke tIna * rUpoM meM sapakSa meM honA isa eka rUpa kI kamI hogii| isI prakAra sapakSa * honA yaha hetu mAneM to vaha pakSa meM na hone se pakSadharma honA isa rUpa kA abhAva hogA aura isa prakAra bhI tIna rUpa nahIM ho skeNge| (isa prakAra prakaraNasama kA anaikAntika se bhinna astitva nahIM hai ) tathApi zrotAoM ke : jJAna ke lie yahAM prakaraNasama hetvAbhAsa kA alaga se varNana kiyA hai| .

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42 pramAprameyam [1.40[40. anvayadRSTAntAbhAsAH] dRSTAntAbhAsA anvaye sAdhyasAdhanobhayavikalA AzrayahInApradarzita-.. vyAptiviparItavyAptayazca / vyatireke sAdhyasAdhanobhayAvyAvRttA aashryhiinaaprdrshitvyaaptivipriitvyaatyshc| udAharaNam - nityaH zabdaH amUrtatvAt yad yadamUta tat tannityaM yathendriyasukham ityukte saadhyviklH| yathA paramANurinyukte sAdhanavikalaH / yathA paTa ityukte ubhayavikalaH / yathA khapuSpamityukte AzrayahInaH / AkAzavadityukte apradarzita-- vyAptiH / yannityaM tamUta yathA vyoma ityukte viparItavyAptikaH // anvayadRSTAntAbhAsa anvaya-dRSTAnta ke AbhAsa chaha prakAra ke haiM - sAdhyavikala, sAdhanavikala, ubhayavikala, AzrayahIna. apradarzitavyApti tathA viparItavyApti / vyatireka dRSTAnta ke AbhAsa bhI chaha prakAra ke haiM - sAdhyAvyAvRtta, sAdhanAnyAvRtta, ubhayAvyAvRtta, AzrayahIna, apradarzitavyApti, tathA viparItavyApti / anvayadRSTAntAbhAsoM ke udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM - zabda nitya hai kyoM ki vaha amUrta hai, jo amUrta hotA hai vaha nitya hotA hai. jaise indriyoM se prApta sukha hai isa anumAna meM dRSTAnta sAdhyavikala hai (nitya honA yaha sAdhya indriyasukha isa dRSTAnta meM nahIM hai) isI anumAna meM paramANu kA udAharaNa sAdhanavikala hogA ( amUrta honA yaha sAdhana paramANu isa dRSTAnta meM nahIM hai)| ghaTa kA dRSTAnta ubhayavikala hogA ( isa meM nitya honA yaha sAdhya aura amUrta honA yaha sAdhana donoM nahI haiN)| AkAzapuSpa kA dRSTAnta AzrayahIna hogA ( AkAzapuSpa kA astitva hI nahIM hai ataH usa meM sAdhya yA sAdhana nahIM ho skte)| ( jo amUrta hai vaha nitya hotA hai isa vyApti ko na batalAte hue kevala ) jaise AkAza hai yaha kahA to apradarzitavyApti dRSTAntAbhAsa hogaa| jo nitya hai vaha amUrta hotA hai jaise AkAza hai aisA kahA ho to vaha viparItavyApti dRSTAntAbhAsa hogA ( yahAM jo amUrta hotA hai vaha nitya hotA hai aisI vyApti batalAnI cAhie kyoM ki nityatva sAdhya hai, jo nitya hotA hai vaha amUrta hotA hai yaha isa ke ulaTI vyApti hai ataH yaha viparItanyApti dRSTAntAbhAsa hai)|

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43.. --1.42] vyatirekadRSTAntAbhAsa [41. vyatirekadRSTAntAbhAsAH] vyatireke yat na nityaM tat nAmUrta yathA paramANurityukte saadhyaavyaavRttH| yathendriyasukham ityukte saadhnaavyaavRttH| yathA vyometyukte. ubhyaavyaavRttH| yathA khapuSpamityukte aashryhiinH| paTavat ityukte aprdrshitvyaaptiH| yannAmUrta tat na nityaM yathA ghaTa ityukte viparIta-. yaaptikH|| [42. dRSTAntAbhAsAnAM vyAptivaikalyam ] tatrAnvaye sAdhya vikalA vyatireke sAdhanAvyAvRttAzca vyAptirahitA nAnye / teSAM sAdhyahite dharmiNi sAdhanapradarzakatvAbhAvAt / tathA hi|. vyatireka dRSTAntAbhAsa ___ vyatireka dRSTAntAbhAsoM ke udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM-jo nitya nahIM hotA vaha amUrta nahIM hotA jaise paramANu isa anumAna meM dRSTAnta mAdhyAvyAvRtta hai (nitya honA isa mAdhya se paramANu yaha dRSTAnta vyAvRna nahIM hai kyoM ki paramANu nitya hotA hai| isI anamAna meM indriyamukha kA udAharaNa sAdhanAvyAvRtta hogA (amUrta honA isa sAdhana se indriyasugva vyAvRtta nahIM hai, sukha amUrtahI hotA hai)| AvAza kA dRSTAnta bhAvyAvRtta hogA (nitya honA yaha sAdhya tathA amUrta haMnA yaha sAdhana dono sa AkAza yaha dRSTAnta vyAvRtta nahIM hai, vaha nitya bhI hai aura amUrta bhii)| AkAzapuSpa kA dRSTAnta AzrayahIna hogA ( isa kA astitva hI na hone se sAdhya yA sAdhana kA saMbaMdha hI nahI ho sktaa)| vastra kA dRSTAnta apradarzitavyAptika hogA ( isa meM jo nitya nahIM vaha amUrta nahIM isa vyApti ko na batalA kara kevala 'jaise vastra' itanA kahA gayA haivyApti pradarzita nahIM kI gaI hai)| jo amUrta nahIM hotA vaha nitya nahIM hotA jaise ghaTa - yaha dRSTAnta viparItavyAptika hogA (jo vyApti kA vAkya honA cAhie usake ThIka ulaTA vAkya yahAM prayukta kiyA hai ) / dRSTAntAbhAsoM meM vyApti kI vikalatA __uparyukta dRSTAntAbhAsoM meM anvaya meM sAdhyavikala dRSTAntAbhAsa tathA vyatireka meM sAdhanAvyAvRtta dRSTAntAbhAsa ye do hI vyApti se rahita hote haiM

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.44 pramAprameyam [1.42sAdhana vikalasAdhyAvyAvRttayoH sapakSatvAt tatra kvacidapravRttasyApi dhUmAdeAtivaika jyAbhAvAt / sapakSe sarvatrApravRttasya viruddhatvena anadhyavalitatvenaiva vA vyAptivaikalyanizcayo naanythaa| ubhayavikale sAdhyavyAvRtyA sAdhanavyAvRttidarzanAt vyAptinizcayo na tvaiklpm| ubhayAvyAvRtte sAdhyavyAlAdhanapratipatteH tatrApi tathA / AzrayahIne AprayAbhAvAt AzrayiNoH sAdhyasAdhanayorapyabhAvAt mAtinizcayo na tvaiklym| aparau vacanadoSAviti sarve'pi pratyapIpadan tato na vyAtivaikalyAvabodhahetU // anya dRSTAntAbhAsa vyApti se rahita nahIM hote / anya dRSTAntAbhAsA meM dharmI sAdhya se rahita hotA hai ataH usa meM sAdhana batalAne kI saMbhAvanA nahI hotii| isI ko spaSTa karate haiM / (anvaya meM ) sAdhana vikala tathA (vyatireka meM ) sAdhyAvyAvRtta ye dRSTAntAbhAsa sapakSa hote haiM, aura sapakSa meM kahIM kahIM dhUma Adi ( hetu) na bhI hoM to bhI utane se vyApti kA abhAva siddha nahI hotaa| vyApti ke abhAva kA nizcaya taba hotA hai jaba hetu sapakSa meM kahIM bhI na ho athavA viruddha ho (vipakSa meM hI ho) athabA anadhyavasita ho ( sapakSa aura vipakSa donoM meM ho)| jo dRSTAnta ubhayavikala hai (sAdhanavikala bhI hai aura sAdhyavikala bhI hai ) usa meM to vyAti kA nizcaya hI hogA - vyAti kA abhAva jJAta nahI hogA - kyoM ki vahAM sAdhya ke na hone para sAdhana kA na honA hI dekhA jAtA hai| isI prakAra ubhayAvyAvRtta (sAdhanAvyAvRtta hote hue sAdhyAvyAvRtta) dRSTAntAbhAsa meM bhI vyAti kA nizcaya hI hogA kyoM ki vahAM jahAM sAdhya hai vahAM sAdhana hai isa prakAra vyApti hI jJAta hogI / AzrayahIna dRSTAntAbhAsa meM Azraya ke hI na hone se usa meM Azrita sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM kA abhAva jJAta hogA, isa taraha bhI vyApti kA nizcaya hI hogA, vyApti ke abhAva kA jJAna nahIM hogaa| apradarzitavyAptika tathA viparIta vyAptika ye do dRSTAntAbhAsa to vAkya ke doSa haiM yaha sabhI mAnate haiM ataH ve vyApti ke abhAva kA nizcaya nahI karAte yaha bhI spaSTa hai ( ina do dRSTAntAbhAsoM meM vyApti galata nahI hotI, kevala usa ko prastuta na karanA yA ulaTA prastuta karanA yaha doSa hotA hai)|

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- 1.43] . [43. tarkaH vyAzivalena pararayAniSTApAdanaM tH| sa ca AtmAzrara itaretarA zrayazcana.kAzrayaH anavasthA atiprasaGga iti paJcaprakAraH / svasya svayamenotpAdaka iyukta utpatipakSa AtmAyayaH / mAyA kutaH utA ghate svata evetyAdi / svasya svayameva jJApaka itAle kSatipakSe AtmA pryH| brahma kena jJAyate svainaivetyaadi| dvayoH paraspara mutpAdakatve utpatti itretraashryH| mAyA kuta utpadyate avidyAtA, avidyA kuta utpdyaa| mAyAtaH ityaadi| dvayoH parasparaM jJApakatve jJaptipade itretraashyH| AtmA kena jJAyate jJAnena, jJAnaM kena jJAyate AtmanetyAdi / yAdyaSTAntAnAM parasparamutpAdakatve utpattipo ctrkaashryH| jIvaH kasmAjAyate avidyAtaH, taka vyApti ke bala se pratipakSA ke lie aniSTa bAta ko siddha karanA tarka kahalAtA hai / usa ke pAMca prakAra haiM - AtmAzraya, itaretarAzraya, cakrakAzraya, anavasthA tathA atiprasaMga / ( koI padArtha ) apanI utpatti svayaM karatA hai aisA kahane para utpatti kI dRSTi se AtmAzraya hotA hai, jaisa mAyA kahAM se utpanna hotI hai ( yaha pUchane para kahanA ki ) svayaM hI utpanna hotI hai| apanA jJAna svayaM karAtA hai yaha kahane para jJAna kI dRSTi se AtmAzraya hotA hai, jaise - brahma kisa se jAnA jAtA hai (yaha pUchane para kahanA ki) svayaM hI jAnA jAtA hai| do padArtha eka dUsare ke utpAdaka haiM aisA kahane para utpatti kI dRSTi se itaretarAzraya hotA hai, jaise -- mAyA kahAM se utpanna hotI hai (yaha pUchane para kahanA ki ) avidyA se ( utpanna hotI hai ) tathA avidyA kahAM se utpanna hotI hai ( yaha pUchane para kahanA ki ) mAyA se ( utpanna hotI hai)| do padArtha eka dUsare kA jJAna karAte haiM yaha kahane para jJAna kI dRSTi se itaretarAzraya hotA hai, jaise - AtmA kA jJAna kisa se hotA hai ( yaha pUchane para kahanA ki) jJAna se (AtmA jAnA jAtA hai) tathA jJAna kisa se jAnA jAtA hai (yaha pUchane para kahanA ki) AtmA dvArA ( jJAna jAnA jAtA hai)| tIna se le kara ATha taka vastueM eka dUsare kI utpAdaka haiM aisA kahane para utpatti kI dRSTi se cakrakAzraya hotA hai, jaise - jIva kisa se utpanna Jajn Education International

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*46 pramAprameyam [1.43 9 'avidyA kuto jAyate mAyAtaH, mAyA kasmAjjAyate saMskArAt, saMskAraH kasmAjjAyate jIvAt jIvaH kasmAjjAyate ityAdi / vyAdyaSTAntAnAM parasparaM jJApakatve jJaptipakSe cakrakAzrayaH / pAvakaH kena jJAyate dhUmena, dhUmaH kena jJAyate meghena, meghaH kena jJAyate azaninA, azaniH kena jJAyate pAvakenetyAdi / utpAdakajJApakapraznayoH apariniSThA anavasthA / sasyaM kasmAjjAyate bIjAt, bIjaM kasmAjjAyate prAktana sasyAt, tadapi kutaH prAktana bIjAt ityAdi utpattipakSe anavasthA / jJAnaM kena jJAyate anuvyavasAyena, so'pi kena jJAyate aparAnuvyavasAyena, so'pyapareNeti jJapti - hotA hai (yaha pUchane para kahanA ki ) avidyA se, avidyA kisa se utpanna hotI hai (yaha pUchane para kahanA ki ) mAyA se, mAyA kisa se utpanna hotI hai ( yaha pUchane para kahanA ki ) saMskAra se, saMskAra kisa se utpanna hotA ( yaha pUchane para kahanA ki ) jIva se, phira jIva kisa se utpanna hotA hai ( to uttara vahI hogA - avidyA se ) / tIna se le kara ATha taka vastueM eka dUsare kA jJAna karAtI haiM aisA kahane para jJAna kI dRSTi se cakrakAzraya hotA hai, jaise - agni kaise jAnA jAtA hai ( to uttara hai ) dhuMe se, dhuMA kaise jAnA jAtA hai ( to uttara hai ) bAdala se, bAdala kaise jAnA jAtA hai ( to uttara hai ) bijalI se, bijalI kaise jAnI jAtI hai ( to phira uttara hogA ) agni se | utpAdaka athavA jJAna karAne vAle ke bAre meM prazna samApta hI na honA yaha anavasthA hotI hai, jaise - phasala kahAM se utpanna hotI hai ( to uttara hai ) bIja se, bIja kahAM se utpanna hotA hai ( to uttara hai ) usa ke pahale kI phasala se, vaha ( phasala ) kahAM se utpanna huI thI ( to uttara hogA ) usa ke pahale ke bIja se - isa prakAra utpatti kI dRSTi se anavasthA hotI hai| jJAna kaise jAnA jAtA hai ( to uttara hai ) anuvyavasAya se ( jJAna ko jAnanevAle jJAna se ), vaha ( anuvyavasAya ) kaise jAnA jAtA haiM ( to uttara hai ) dUsare anuvvavasAya se ( jJAna ko jAnanevAle jJAna ko jAnanevAle jJAna se ) vaha ( dUsarA anuvyavasAya ) bhI tIsare ( anuvyavasAya ) se ( jAnA jAtA hai) isa prakAra jJAna kI dRSTi se anavasthA hotI hai / jo vyApya aura vyApaka prasiddha haiM una meM vyApya kA svIkAra karane para vyApaka kA

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--1044] tarka ke doSa pakSe anavasthA / prasiddhavyApyavyApakayoH madhye vyApyAGgIkAre vyApakAGgIkAra snyjnmtiprsNgH| mAyAvAdibhiH brahmasvarUpasya bhrAntiviSayasya ca pramAturavedyatvAGgIkAre brahmasvarUpamasat pramAturavedyatvAd rajjusarpavat, rajjusarpAdi sadrUpaM pramAturavedyatvAd brahmasvarUpavadityAdi // [ 44. tarkadoSAH ] mUlazaithilyaM mithovirodhaH iSTApAdanaM viparyaye'paryavasAnamiti tarkadoSAzcatvAraH / tatra tarkasya mUlabhUtavyAptervyabhicAro mUlazaithilyam / aniSTApAdakavyApteH ApAdyAniSTasya ca virodho mithovirodhaH / ApAdyAniSTadharmaH parasyeSTazcet iSTApAdanam / vyAptyA parasyAniSTamApAdya tadviparyaye paryavasAnAkaraNaM viparyaye'paryavasAnam // bhI svIkAra karanA paDegA yaha kathana atiprasaMga hotA hai, jaise - - mAyAvAdI yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki brahma kA svarUpa pramAtA dvArA jAnA nahI jA * sakatA tathA bhrama kA viSaya bhI pramAtA dvArA jAnA nahIM jA sakatA, isa para yaha kahanA ki brahma kA svarUpa pramAtA dvArA nahI jAnA jAtA ataH vaha rassI meM pratIta honevAle sarpa ke samAna asat hai, athavA rassI meM pratIta honevAle sarpa Adi sat hai kyoM ki ve bhI brahma ke svarUpa ke samAna hI pramAtA dvArA jAne nahI jAte ( yaha atiprasaMga kahalAtA hai ) / tarka ke doSa tarka ke cAra doSa hote haiM - mUlazaithilya, mithaH virodha, iSTApAdana tathA viparyaya meM aparyavasAna / tarka kI mUlabhUta vyApti galata honA yaha mUla meM zithilatA nAma kA pahalA doSa hai / ( pratipakSI ke lie ) aniSTa bAta ko siddha karanevAlI vyAti meM tathA ( usa vyApti se ) siddha honevAlI aniSTa bAta meM (paraspara) virodha honA yaha mithaH virodha nAma kA dUsarA doSa hai / siddha kiyA jAnevAlA aniSTa guNa yadi pratipakSI ko iSTa hI ho to vaha iSTApAdana nAma kA tIsarA doSa hotA hai / vyApti ke dvArA pratipakSI ke lie aniSTa bAta ko batalA kara phira usa kI viruddha bAta ko pUrA na karanA yaha viparyaya meM aparyavasAna nAma kA cauthA doSa hotA hai / 47

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48 . pramAprameyam [1.45-. [45. halA sAmAda dUSaNAd yasmAt na syAt pakSasya nishcyH| tayaM nyatarasyAsI tadAbhAsaH prakItyate // 5 // hala yastadAmAsAH tadadhijJAnAda Rte na ca / vajArabhAva napA svadhAvayaparacAkyayoH // 6 // tatA te'pi niraH banle bAlAnAM prtibuddhye| ApadyArthAntaraM vAkyavidhAtaH chalamucyate // 7 // taya vAklaM sAmAnyalamupacAralamiti trividham // [46. vAkchalam] anekavAcake zabde prayukte RjuvAdinA / vakturmanAsvAdanyasya pratiSedho hi vAkchalam // 8 // udAharaNam-ADhyo'yaM navakarabalatvAt iti samajaso'bravIt / tatra chalavAdI pratyAkhyat kuto'sya nava kambalA iti / pratyagrakambalasambandhitvaM jisa sAdhana se va dRSaNa se do pakSoM meM eka kA nizcaya na ho vaha sAdhanAbhAsa va dUSaNAbhAsa kahalAtA hai | chala ityAdi ye sAdhanAbhAsa va dUSaNAbhAsa haiM, unako jAne vinA apane vAkyoM se unheM dUra rakhanA aura prativAdI ke vAkyoM meM unheM pahacAnanA saMbhava nahIM hai / ataH ajJAnI ziSyoM ko samajhAne ke lie una kA bhI varNana karate haiN| (vaktA ke iSTa artha ko choDa kara) dUsare hI artha kI kalpanA kara ke bAta kATanA yaha chala kahalAtA hai / isa ke tIna prakAra haiM - vAkchala, sAmAnyachala tathA upacArachala / vAkachala samla bhAvanA se yukta vAdI dvArA aneka athoM ke vAcaka kisI zabda kA prayoga kiye jAne para usa ke mana meM vivakSita artha ( ko choDa kara usa) se bhinna artha ( kI kalpanA kara ke usa ) kA niSedha karanA vAkchala hai / udAharaNa--kisI samajhadAra ne kahA ki isa vyakti kA kambala nava hai ataH

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- 1.47 ] vaktuH abhipretaM chalavArI tujavaNyAvacchikambalalamvandhitvamadeya asaMbhavena nyaSedhIt kuto'sya nava kambalA iti / tane meM pRcchet / anekadA vizeSa kuto vyavAsIH tvamiti / na kutazcit / tattadovAca yojazabdasya vAya so'yI sNbhaavyte| tanmadhye kanamamartham avivakSoH tvamiti vaktAraM pRcchet / pazcAt vipazcit tatrizcitya tamabhyanujAnIyAt tadupari dUSaNaM vA dadyAt / no cedabhipratAparijJAnena nihaH prasajyate // [ 47. sAmAnyacchalam ] sAmAnya chala hetutvakAraNatvAbhyAM vikalya pratiSedhanam / 49 vAkye saMbhAvyamAnAthai sAmAnya chalamucyate // 9 // brAhmaNacaturvedAbhijJaH iti samAsaH pratyapIpat / tatra chalavAdI pratyavA : yaha zrImAna pratIta hotA hai / vahAM chala kA prayoga karanevAlA AkSepa karatA hai ki isa ke pAsa nau kambala kahAM se ho sakate haiM ( ekahI kambala hai ) / vahAM pahale bolanevAle ke mana meM navakambalava kA artha naye kambala se yukta 'honA yaha hai | chalavAdI ne nau saMkhyA se yukta kambaloM se yukta hone kI kalpanA kara ke aura use asaMbhava batalA kara usa kA niSedha kiyA / aise chalavAdI ko isa prakAra prazna kare ki aneka arthoM ke vAcaka isa (natra ) zabda kA yaha viziSTa artha (nau) tumane kaise jAnA / isa kA koI sAdhana nahIM hai / ataH aneka arthoM ke vAcaka zabda kA prayoga karane para isa zabda ke itane artha ho sakate haiM ina meM se tumheM kaunasA artha vivakSita hai aisA vaktA ko pUchanA cAhie, phira buddhimAna vyakti usa kA nizcaya kara ke use svIkAra kare athavA usa meM dUSaNa batAye / nahIM to abhipreta artha ko na samajhane kA doSa prApta hotA hai / sAmAnya chala vAkya meM jahAM saMbhAvanA kA artha vyakta karanA ho vahAM usa meM hetu athavA kAraNa hone kI kalpanA kara ke niSedha karanA sAmAnya chala kahalAtA hai / jaise- kisI samajhadAra ne kahA ki brAhmaNa cAra vedoM ko jAnatA hai / vahAM chala kA prayoga karanevAlA AkSepa karatA hai ki brAhmaNa honA cAra vedoM .pra.pra.4

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pramAprameyam tiSTipat / brAhmaNatvaM caturvedAbhizatve heturna bhavati anadhItenAnekAntAt kAraNaM na bhavati anadhIte'pi tatkAraNatvaprasaGgAditi / so'pyabhipretAparijJAnena nigRhItaH syAditi / brAhmaNe caturvedAbhijJatvasaMbhAvanasyokta-tvAt yathAtra kSetre pratyakSaM saMpanIpadyata iti // 50 [ 48. upacAracchalam ] upacAreNa vaktrA yadabhidheyanirUpaNe / pradhAnatvaniSedhe tadupacAracchalaM bhavet // 10 // vAdI gaGgAyAM grAmaH prtivstiityvaadiit| tatra chalavAdI pratyavocat / gaGgA nAma jalapravAhaH, jalapravAhe grAmasya avasthAnAsambhavAt tadayuktamavAdIstvamiti / so'pyabhipretAparijJAnena nigRhItaH syAt / [<0x00. ko jAnane kA hetu nahIM hai kyoM ki jo par3hA nahI hai usa se isa kA anekAnta hai ( jo par3hA nahI hai vaha brAhmaNa hone para bhI vedoM ko nahIM jAnatA ); tathA brAhmaNa honA cAra vedoM ko jAnake kA kAraNa bhI nahIM haiM, yadi hotA. to jo par3hA nahI hai usa ke viSaya meM bhI vaha vedoM ko jAnane kA kAraNa hotA / aisA chaLavAdI abhipreta artha ko na samajhane ke doSa se dUSita hotA hai kyoMki isa vAkya meM brAhmaNa ke cAra vedoM ke jAnakAra hone kI saMbhAvanA vyakta kI hai aura yaha isa jagaha pratyakSahI dekhA jAtA hai ( ataH vedajJAna kI saMbhAvanA ke mukhya artha ko choDa kara usa ke hetu athavA kAraNa kI kalpanA kara niSedha karanA vyartha hai - chala hai ) / upacArachala vaktA dvArA viSaya kA varNana upacAra se kiye jAne para pradhAna artha ke niSedha para jora denA yaha upacArachala kahalAtA hai / udAharaNArtha - vAdI ne. kahA ki gaMgA para gAMva basA hai| yahAM chalavAdI ne kahA ki gaMgA to jala kA pravAha haiM, jala ke pravAha para gAMva nahIM basa sakatA ataH Apane ayogya bAta kahI / aisA chalavAdI abhipreta artha ko na samajhane ke doSa se dUSita hotA hai kyoMki yahAM 'gaMgA para ' isa zabda kA prayoga upacAra se 'gaMgA

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- 1.49 ] sAvayasamA vaidharmyasamA adhikaraNanirUpaNaM sAmIpyaupacArikayoH iti gaGgAzabdena samIpasyopacaritatvAt // [ 49. jAtayaH ] ukte hetau vipakSeNa sAmyApAdanavAkyataH / jAtiH pratividhiH proktA viMzatizcaturuttarA // 11 // sAdharmya - vaidharmya - utkarSa - apakarSa - varNya - avarNya - vikalpa - asiddhAdi prApti aprApti prasaGga-pratidRSTAnta- anutpatti-saMzaya-prakaraNaahetu- arthApatti-avizeSa- upapatti - upalabdhi - anupalabdhi- nitya- anitya kAryasamA jAtayaH // [ 50. sAdharmyavaidharmyasame ] tatra sthApanA hetau prayukte sAdharmyeNa pratyavasthAnaM sAdharmyasamA jAtiH / vaidhamryeNa pratyavasthAnaM vaidharmyasamA jAtiH / tayoH udAharaNam / anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAt ghaTavadityukte jAtivAdyAha / ghaTasAdharmyAt ke samIpa ' isa artha meM huA hai| adhikaraNa kA prayoga aupacArika sAmIpya ke artha meM hotA hai aisA niyama hai / jAtiyA~ 51 hetu ke kahane ke bAda vipakSa se samAnatA batalAnevAle vAkya se diyA huA uttara jAti kahalAtA hai / jAtiyA~ cauvIsa haiM- sAdharmyasamA vaidharmyasamA, utkarSasamA, apakarSasamA varNyasamA avarNyasamA, vikalpasamA, asiddhAdisamA, prAptisamA, aprAptisamA, prasaGgasamA, pratidRSTAntasamA, anutpattisamA, saMzayasamA, prakaraNasamA, ahetusamA, arthApattisamA, avizeSasamA, upapattisamA, upalabdhisamA, anupalabdhisamA, nityasamA, anityasamA tathA kAryasamA ( ina kA aba kramazaH varNana kareMge ) / sAdharmyasamA tathA vaidharmyasamA jAti " ( kisI sAdhya ko ) sthApita karanevAle hetu kA prayoga karane para usa kI samAnatA se koI AkSepa upasthita karanA yaha sAdharmyasamA jAti hotI hai tathA usa se bhinnatA batalA kara koI AkSepa upasthita karanA yaha vaidharmyasamA jAti hai ! ina ke udAharaNa kramaza: isa prakAra haiM / zabda anitya hai kyoMki

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pramAprameyam [1.50 kRtakatvAt zabde anityatvaM prasAdhyate cet AkAzasAdharmyAt amUrtatyAt nityatvapi prasAdhyate / iti pratyavasthAnaM sAdharmyasamA jAtiH / AkAzavaidharmyAt kRtakatvAt zabde anityatvaM prasAdhyate cet ghaTavaivarthAt amUrtatvAt nityatvamapi sAdhyata iti pratyavasthAnaM vaivasamA jAtiH // [ 51. utkarSApakarSasame ] 52 dRSTAnte dRSTasyAniSTadharmasya dASTanti yojanamutkarSasamA jAtiH / tadaniSTadharmanivRttI pakSasya sAdhyadharmanivRttiH apakarSasamA jAtiH / tayorudAharaNam / anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAt ghaTavadityukte ghaTe tAvada - vaha taka hai jaise ghaTa, isa anumAna ke prayoga karanepara jAtivAdI kahatA haighaTa ke samAna kRtaka hone se zabda ko anitya siddha kiyA jAya to AkAza ke samAna amUrta hone se zabda nitya bhI siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra ke AkSepa ko sAdharmyasamA jAti kahate haiM / yadi AkAza se bhinna arthAta kRtaka hone se zabda ko anitya siddha kiyA jAya to ghaTa se bhinna arthAta amUrta hone se zabda ko nitya bhI siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai / aise AkSepa ko vaidharmyasamA jAti kahate haiM / ( ye donoM AkSepa jAti arthAta jhUThe dUSaNa haiM - vAstavika dUSaNa nahIM haiM kyoM ki ina meM anumAna kI mUlabhUta vyApti - jo kRtaka hotA hai vaha anitya hotA hai - ko galata siddha nahI kiyA hai, kevala virodhI udAharaNa DhUMDhane kI koziza kI gaI hai, isa meM zabda ko amUrta kahA hai vaha bhI ThIka nahI hai ) / utkarSasamA tathA apakarSasamA jAti dRSTAnta meM koI aniSTa dharma ( sAdhya ke pratikUla guNa ) dekhA gayA ho to use dArthanta meM ( sAdhya meM ) joDa denA yaha utkarSasamA jAti hotI hai| dRSTAnta se aniSTa dharma ke haTAne para pakSa se sAdhya guNadharma haTegA aisA kahanA apakarSasamA jAti hotI hai / ina donoM ke udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM / zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha kRtaka hai jaise vaTa isa anumAna ke prastuta karane para yaha kahanA ki vaTa meM anityatA ke sAtha azrAvaNatA ( sunA na jAnA ) kI vyApti hai aisA dekhA gayA hai, yadi vaTa kA anityatva yaha vyApya zabda meM svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai to usakA vyApaka azrAvaNatva bhI svIkAra kiyA jAnA

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-1.52] varNyasamA-avarNyasamA nityamazrAvaNatvena vyA dRSTaM tadanityatvaM vyApyaM zabde'GgIkriyate tarhi tadvyApakamazrAvaNatvamapyaGgokriyeta ityukte utkarSasamA jaatiH| zabde vyApakamazrAvaNatvaM neSyate cet vyApyamanityatvamapi neSTavyamityukte apakarSasamA jaatiH| atrAzrAvaNatvamupAdhiriti jnyaatvym| sAdhanAvyApakaH sAdhyavyApakaH upAdhiriti tasya lakSaNam / / [52. vAvarNyasame] ____sAdhyasya yathA hetusAdhyatvaM tathA dRSTAntasyApi hetusAdhyatvena bhavitavyamityukte varyasamA jaatiH| dRSTAntavata sAdhyasyApyahetusAdhyatvaM syAdityukte avaryasamA jAtiH / / cAhie-yaha utkarSasamA jAti hai / isI anumAna meM vyApaka azrAvaNatva zabda meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA (kyoM ki zabda zrAvaNa hai-sunA jAtA hai) to usa kA vyApya anityatva bhI zabda meM nahIM mAnanA cAhie yaha kahanA apakarSamamA jAti hai / yahA azrAvaNatva ko upAdhi samajhanA caahie| jo sAdhya meM vyApaka ho ki tu sAdhana meM vyApaka na ho vaha upAdhi hai ainA usa kA kSaNa hai / ( utkarSasamA tathA apakarSasamA ye jAniyAM arthAta jhUThe duSaNa haiM kyA ki ina meM prastuta anumAna kI mUlabhUta vyApti ko jo kRtaka hotA hai vaha anitya hotA hai isa kathana ko choDa kara dRSTAnta ke azrAvaNatva isa guNa para jora diyA gayA hai tathA jo azrAvaNa hotA hai vaha anitya hotA hai yaha galata vyApti banAI gaI haiM / yaha vyApti hI galana hone se usa para AdhArita AkSepa bhI jhUThe haiN)| varNyasamA tathA avarNyasamA jAti __jisa prakAra sAdhya he ! se siddha kiyA jAtA hai usI prakAra dRSTAnta bhI hai / se siddha kiyA jAnA cAhie aisA kahanA varNyasamA jAti hai| jisa prakAra dRSTAnta hetu se siddha nahI kiyA jAtA usI prakAra sAdhya bhI hetu ke vinA hI siddha mAnanA cAhira aimA kahanA avayaM samA jAti hai|

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54 pramAprameyam [1.53[53. vikalpasamA] dRSTAnte dharmavikalpapradarzanena dAntike dharmAntarApAdanaM vikalpasamA jaatiH| anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAt ghaTavadityukte kRtakatvAvizekhe'pi kiMcinmUta dRSTaM yathA ghaTAdi kiMcidamUrta dRSTaM yathA rUpAdi tadvat kRtakatvAvizeSe'pi paTAdikamanityaM zabdAdi nityaM bhavedityAdi vikalpa. samA jaatiH|| [54. asiddhAdisamA] hetoH sAdhyasadbhAvAbhAvobhayadharmavikalpanayA asiddhaviruddhAnaikA. ntikatApAdanam asiddhAdisamA jaatiH| anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAt ghaTavadityukte kRtakatvAdayaM hetuH sAdhyasadbhAvadharmaH abhAvadharma ubhayavikalpasamA jAti __ dRSTAnta meM guNadhoM kA vikalpa batalA kara dAntika (dRSTAnta para AdhArita sAdhya ) meM dUsare guNadharma kI kalpanA karanA vikalpasamA jAti hai| jaise - zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha kRtaka hai jaise ghaTa isa anumAna meM yaha kahanA ki samAna rUpa se kRtaka hone para bhI kucha vastueM mUrta hotI haiM jaise ghaTa tathA kucha amUrta hotI haiM jaise rUpa, usI prakAra samAna rUpa se kRtaka hone para bhI vastra Adi ko anitya tathA zabda Adi ko nitya mAnA jA sakatA hai (yahAM dRSTAnta meM mUrtatva tathA amUrtatva kA vikalpa batalA kara dArTAntika arthAta zabda meM nityatva kI kalpanA kI gaI hai ataH yaha vikalpasamA jAti hai)| asiddhAdi samA jAti hetu sAdhya meM hai athavA usakA abhAva hai athavA donoM haiM isa prakAra vikalpa kara ke hetu ko asiddha, viruddha athavA anaikAntika batalAnA yaha asiddhAdisamA jAti hotI haiM / udAharaNArtha-zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha kRtaka hai jaise ghaTa isa anumAna ke prastuta karane para yaha kahanA ki yahAM kRtaka honA isa hetu kA sAdhya meM astitva hai, abhAva hai, athavA astitva tathA abhAva donoM haiM, ina meM pahalA pakSa svIkAra kareM (hetu kA sAdhya meM sadbhAva mAne) to abhI sAdhya kA astitva hI siddha nahIM hai ata: usa ke guNadharmarUpa hetu ko bhI asiddha

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-~-1.55] anyatarAsiddhasamA dharmo vA / Adye adyApi sAdhyasadbhAvasya asiddhatvAt taddharmasya hetoH asiddhatvaM dvitIye sAdhyaviparItasya dharmatvAt viruddhtvm| tRtIye ubhayadharmatvAdanaikAntika ityAdi / [55. anyatarAsiddhasamA] ekAntAnekAntAdivikalpena hetoH anyatarAsiddhatvApAdanam anyatarAsiddhasamA jaatiH| pUrvaprayoge kRtakatvAdayaM hetuH ekAntaH anekAntaH vA, Aye jainAnAmasiddhaH,dvitIye anyessaamsiddhH| akSaNika kSaNiko vA, hI mAnanA hogA, yadi dUsarA pakSa svIkAra kareM ( hetu kA sAdhya meM abhAva mAneM ) to vaha hetu viruddha hogA kyoM ki vaha sAdhya ke viruddha guNadharma hogA, tathA tIsare pakSa meM donoM ( sadbhAva aura abhAva ) mAneM to vaha hetu anaikAntika hogA (kyoM ki sAdhya meM usa kA astitva yA abhAva nizcita nahI hai) (yaha asiddhAdisamA jAti hai, vAstavika dUSaNa nahIM, kyoM ki isa meM sAdhya aura hetu ke saMbaMdha ko galata DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai| prastuta udAharaNa meM anitya honA yaha sAdhya hai, isa meM kRtaka honA yaha hetu hai yA usa kA abhAva hai Adi prazna nirarthaka haiM, AkSepa karanevAle ko yaha batAnA cAhie ki jo kRtaka hotA hai vaha anitya hotA hai isa vyApti meM kyA doSa hai, vaha na batalA kara dUsarI kalpanAeM karane se koI lAbha nhiiN)| anyatarAsiddhasamA jAti ekAnta, anekAnta Adi vikalpoM se hetu ko kisI eka pakSa ke lie asiddha batalAnA yaha anyatarAsiddhasamA jAti hotI hai| udAharaNArtha - pUrvokta anumAna meM (zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha kRtaka hai isa kathana meM) yaha kahanA ki yahAM kRtaka honA yaha hetu ekAnta se hai yA anekAntase hai, yadi vaha ekAnta se ho to jainoM ke lie vaha asiddha hogA (kyoM ki jaina ekAna ko nahI mAnate) tathA yadi vaha anekAnta se ho to bAkI saba matoM ke lie asiddha hogA (kyoM ki jainetara mata anekAnta ko nahIM maante)| isI taraha yaha hetu akSaNika hai yA kSaNika hai, yadi akSaNika ho to bauddhoM ke lie vaha asiddha hogA (kyoM ki bauddha saba vastuoM ko kSaNika mAnate I) tathA yadi kSaNika ho to anya saba matoM ko amAnya hogA (kyoM ki

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56 pramAprameyam [1056 Adhe bauddhAnAmasiddhaH, dvitIye anyeSAmasiddhaH / abrahmAtmako brahmAtmako vA. Aye vedAntinAmasiddhaH, dvitIye anyeSAmasiddhaH / aprakRtipariNAmaH prakRtipariNAmo vA, Adhe sAMkhyAnAmasiddhaH, dvitIye anyeSAmasiddhaH ityAdi // [ 56. prApyaprAptisame ! hetoH prAtyA pratyavasthAnaM prAptisamA jAtiH / aprAptyA pratyavasthAnam aprAptisamA jaatiH| anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAd ghaTavadityukte ayaM hetuH bauddhetara mata kSaNika ko nahIM mAnate ) / yaha hetu brahmarUpa hai yA abrahmarUpa hai, yadi abrarUpa ho to vaha vandAntiyoM ke lie addhi hogA ( kyoM ki ve sabhI vastuoM kA brahmarUpa mAnate haiM ) tathA brahmarUpa ho to anya saba matoM ko amAnya hogA / yaha hetu prakRti kA pariNAma hai yA nahI hai. yadi yaha prakRti kA pariNAma nahI hai to mAMkhyoM ke lie asiddha hogA tathA prakrAMta kA pariNAma ho to anya saba matoM ke lie. asiddha hogA / ( isa prakAra kA kathana vAstavika duSaNa na ho kara dUpaNAbhAsa arthAta jAti hai kyoMki jo kRtaka hotA hai vaha anitya hotA haiM isa mUlabhUta vyApti meM koI doSa isa se prakaTa nahIM hotA; kRtaka honA ekAnta sevA anekAnta se hai Adi praznoM kA prastuta anumAna se koI sambandha nahI hai / prApti va a sisamA jAti hetu ke ( sAdhya ko ) prApta hone kI Apatti upasthita karanA prApti-samA jAti hai / tathA aprApta hone kI Apatti upasthita karanA aprAptisamA jAti hai / udAharaNArtha - zabda anitya hai kyA ki vaha ghaTa jaisA kRtaka hai isa anumAna kA prayoga karane para prazna karanA ki yahAM hetu sAdhya ko prApta. ho kara use siddha karatA hai yA prApta kiye binA hI siddha karatA hai; yadi hetu sAdhya ko prApta ho kara use siddha kare to vaha asiddha hogA kyoM ki vaha abhI sAdhya kA prApta honA hai ( jo mAdhya meM nahIM hai vaha hetu asiddha hotA hai, yaha hetu abhI sAdhya ko prApta nahI huA hai ata: asiddha hai ) jaise sAdhyaH kA svarUpa ( sAdhya kA svarUpa jisa taraha asiddha hai usI taraha yaha hetu bhI asiddha hogA kyoMki yaha abhI sAdhya ko prApta nahI huA hai ) / yadi hetu,

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- 1.57] prasaMgasamA prApya sAdhyaM prasAdhayatyaprApya vA / Adye'siddho hetuH prApyasAdhyatvAt sAdhya svarUpavat / dvitIye tau sAdhyasAdhanabhAvarahitau mitho'prAhatvAt sahyavindhyavaditi // [ 57. prasaMgasamA ] pramANAdipraznAnavasthAnaM prasaMgasamA jAtiH / anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAt ghaTavat ityukte ghaTe kRtakatvAt anityatvaM kena siddham, pratyakSeNe te pratyakSasyApi prAmANyaM vena, anyenetyukte tasyApi kenetyAdi // 57 sAdhya ko prApta kiye binA hI siddha karatA hai aisA kahA jAya to isa hetu . meM aura sAdhya meM sAdhyasAdhana kA saMbandha nahIM ho sakegA kyoM ki ve donoM sahya parvata aura vindhyaparvata ke samAna paraspara aprApta ( asaMbaddha ) haiM / (ye AkSepa vAstavika uSNa na ho kara dUSaNAmAsa arthAta jAti haiM kyoM ki ina meM haM aura sAdhya ke svAbhAvika saMbaMdha ko na samajhate hue anAvazyaka prazna u' sthita kiye hai; jahAM dhuMA hotA hai vahAM agni hotA hai isa niyata saMbandha ke kAraNa hI dhuMA dekhane para agni kA anmAna hotA hai. yahAM dhuMA agniH kI prApta hai kara siddha karatA hai yA prApta hue binA siddha karatA hai Adi pra nirarthaka haiM / ) F prasaMgamamA jAni pramANa Adi ka praznoM se anavasthA prasaMga upasthita karanA ( eka ke bAda dUsare prazna ko upasthita karate jAnA prasaMgasamA jAti hai / jaisa zabda anitya hai kyoMki vaha vRttaka hai jaise ghaTa isa anumAna ke prastuta karane para yaha pUchA ki ghaTa kRtaka hai ata anitya haiM yaha kisa pramANa se siddha huA hai; yaha pratyakSa pramANa se siddha hai aisA uttara milane para phira pUchanA ki vaha pratyakSa pramANabhUta kaise hai. isa para dUsare pramANa kA ullekha karanepara phira pUchanA ki vaha pramANabhUta kaise hai ( isa prakAra praznoM kI paramparA se mUla viSaya ko TAlanA hI prasaMgasamA jAti hai ) / .

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pramAprameyam [1.58 [58. pratidRSTAntasamA] pratyudAharaNena pratyavasthAnaM pratidRSTAntasamA jaatiH| anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAt ghaTavat ityukte AkAzavadamUrtatvAt nityo'pi syAditi // [59. utpattisamA] kAraNavighaTanayA kAryAnutpattipratyavasthAnam utpattisamA jAtiH / pUrvaprayoge zabdAdikAryotpatteH prAk tAlvAdInAM ke prati karaNatvaM, tadA pratidRSTAntasamA jAti pratikUla udAharaNa dvArA uttara denA pratidRSTAntasamA jAti hotI hai / jaise- zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha kRtaka hai jaise ghaTa isa anumAna ke virodha meM yaha kahanA ki zabda AkAza ke samAna amUrta hai ataH vaha nitya bhI siddha hogA ( yahAM jo kRtaka hotA hai vaha anitya hotA hai isa vyApti para AdhArita hetu ke bAre meM kucha na kaha kara kevala ghaTa isa dRSTAnta ke pratikUla AkAza yaha dRSTAnta upasthita kara diyA hai ataH yaha ucita dUSaNa nahI haipratidRSTAntasamA jAti hai)| utpattisamA jAti kAraNa ke vivaTana dvArA yaha Apatti upasthita karanA ki kArya kI utpatti hI nahI ho sakatI-utpattisamA jAti hotI hai| udAharaNArtha- zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha kRtrima hai isa pUrvokta anumAna ke virodha meM yaha kahanA ki zabda ityAdi kArya ke utpanna hone ke pahale tAlu, hoMTha ityAdi kisa ke sAdhana hote haiM (-ve zabda ke kAraNa haiM aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoM ki ) usa samaya saMbaddha kArya kA (zabda kA) abhAva haiM (zabda abhI utpanna nahI huA hai ) ataH ve tAlu Adi kisI ke sAdhana nahI hai ataH ve kAraNa bhI nahIM haiM / kAraNa hI nahIM hai to zabda yaha kArya kisa se utpanna hogA ( arthAta vaha utpanna hI nahIM ho sakatA ) jisa se use anitya siddha kiyA jA sake (zabda utpanna hI nahIM huA to use anitya siddha karanA bhI saMbhava nahIM hai ) / ( isa jAti kA prayoga karanevAlA kahatA hai ki kAraNa aura kArya donoM eka hI samaya hone cAhiye-tAlu Adi tabhI kAraNa hoMge "jaba zabda ho -vaha kAraNa aura kArya ke kramazaH hone ko asvIkAra karatA

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- 1.60 ] saMzayasamA 59 pratiyogi kAryAbhAvAt na kiMcit pratIti tAtvAdInAM kAraNabhAvAbhAvaH / kAraNAbhAve zabdakArya kuta utpadyeta yato'nityaM syAditi // [ 60. saMzayasamA ] bhUyodarzanAt nizcitavyApteH sAdhasyavaidhamryopAdhipratikUlatarkAdinA pakSe saMdehApAdanaM saMzayasamA jAtiH / upAdhipratikUlatarkAdikam asad dUSaNaM saddUSaNeSvapaThitatvAt anyatarapakSanirNayAkArakatvAt vyAptipakSadharmavaikalyAnizcAyakatvAt pakSe sAdhyasaMdehApAdakatvAt jAtitvAt sAdharmyavat / atha pratyanumAnapratikUlatarkayoH ko bheda iti cet ekasmin dharmiNi sAdhyaviparItaprasAdhakaM pratyanumAnam, tadUdharmiNi dharmyantare vA viruddhaprasAdhakaH pratikUlatarkaH // hai; kintu kAraNa aura kArya kA kramazaH honA pratyakSasiddha hai ataH isa AkSepa ko jAti (dUSaNAbhAsa ) kahate haiM, vAstavika dUSaNa nahI; jaba zabda pratyakSa dvArA jAnA jAtA hai taba zabda utpanna nahI ho sakatA yaha AkSepa kAlpanika hI hogA, vAstavika nahIM ) / saMzayasamA jAti bArabAra dekhane se jisa kI vyApti nizcita ho cukI hai usa pakSa meM bhI samAnatA, bhinnatA, upAdhi, pratikUla tarka Adi ke dvArA saMdeha vyakta karanA yaha saMzayasamA jAti hotI hai / upAvi, pratikUlatarka Adi jhUThe dUSaNa haiM, vAstavika dUSaNoM meM ina kA samAveza nahI kiyA jAtA, ye kisI eka pakSa kA nirNaya nahI kara sakate, vyApti kI galatI yA pakSa ke dharma hone kI galatI kA nizcaya ina se nahIM ho sakatA, ve kevala pakSa meM sAdhya ke hone ke bAre meM sandeha vyakta karate haiM, ataH ve sAdharmyasamA Adi ke samAna jAti haiM (The dUSaNa haiM, vAstavika dUSaNa nahIM haiM ) / yahAM prazna hotA hai ki pratyanumAna aura pratikUlatarka meM kyA bheda hai ( kyoM ki pratyanumAna se virodha karane ko prakaraNasamA jAti kahate haiM yaha agale pariccheda meM batAyA hai ) | - uttara yaha hai ki eka hI dharmI ( dharmayukta pakSa ) meM sAdhya ke viruddha bAta ko siddha karanA cAhe vaha pratyanumAna hotA hai, usI dharmI meM yA kisI anya dharmI meM | viruddha bAta ko siddha karanA cAhe vaha pratikUlatarka hotA hai /

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pramAprameyam [1.61[61. prakaraNasamA] pratyanumAnena pratyavasthAnaM prakaraNasamA jaatiH| anityaH zabdaH vRtakatvAd ghara vadira va te nityaH .bdaH zrAvaNatvAt zabdatvavaditi // [62. ahetusamA] trikAle'pi sAdhanAsaMbhavena pratyavasthAnam OM hetusamA jAtiH pUrvaprayoge ayaM hetaH sAdhyAt prAkkAlabhAvI uttarakAlabhAvI samakAla prakaraNasamA jAti virodhI anumAna kA prayoga kara rattara denA yaha prakaraNasama jAni hai| jaise - zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha ghaTa jaisA kRtaka hai isa anuH na ke uttara meM yaha kahanA ki zabda nitya hai kyo ki vaha zabdatva ke samA.. zrAvaNa (sunane yogya ) hai / ( vAdI dvArA upasthita kiye gae he na meM dUSaNa batalAnA yaha prativAdI kA pahalA kAma hai, vaha na karata hue pratikUla pakSa kA samarthaka nA prastuta karanA vAda kI rIti ke viruddha hai ataH ise jAti arthAta jhUTA dRSaNa kahA hai / ahetu samA jAti hIno kAlo meM ( hetu se sa dhya ko) siddha karanA asaMbhava hai yaha kaha kara ( anumAna kA virodha karanA yaha hetramA jAti hai| jaisa - prokta unamna meM ( 3bda kRtva hai ataH nitya hai isa kthana meM ) yaha kahanA ki yaha hetu ( zabda kA vRtka hona) samaya ke (zabda ka anitya ho ke) pAlaM ke samaya vidyamAna hotA hai. bAda ke samaya hotA hai yA samAna samaya meM hotA hai; yAda hetu sAdhya ke pahale ho gayA ho to usa samaya sAdhya ke na hone se hetu kise siddha karaMgA - arthAta heta se siddha karaneyogya sAdhya hI raba nahIM hai; yadi hetu sAdhya ke bAda hotA hai to vaha sAdhya hRta ke pahale hI raddha hai phira hetu ke prayoga se kyA lAbha; tathA yadi hetu aura sAdhya samAna samaya meM hai to una meM sAdhyasAdhanasaMbaMdha nahI ho sakatA kyoM ki ve samakAlIna hai, jaise gAya ke dAhine aura bAyeM sIga meM sAdhyasAdhanasaMbandha nahIM ho sakatA ( eka sIMga dUsare kA kAraNa

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__1.64] arthApattisamA 61 bhAvI vA / Adhe prAkkAle sAdhyAbhAvAd hetuH kasya sAthako bhavet, na kApi / dvitIye sAdhyasya prAgeva siddhatvAt kimanena hetunA / tRtIye tau sAvanabhAvarahitau samakAla bhAvitvAt savyetaragovigaNayaditi / [ 55. arthApatimA | arthApatyA pratyavasthAnam arthApattisamA jAtiH / udAharaNamatityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAd ghaTavadityukte saMketavyavahArAnyathAnupapatteH zabdo nityaH syAditi // [ 64. avizeSasamA | etaddharmAvizeSeNa pratikUlaprasaMgaH avizeSasamA jAtiH / udAharaNam - anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAt ghaTavaditi prasAdhyeta tarhi anitya - nahI ho sakatA kyoMki ve donoM samAna samaya meM vidyamAna haiM / (ina AkSepoM ko jAti isalie kahA ki una meM koI tathya nahIM hai, hetu sAdhya se pahale hai yA bAda meM isase anumAna ke sahI hone meM koI antara nahIM paDatA; kRttikA ke udaya se rohiNI ke udaya kA anumAna sahI hai, yahAM hetu sAdhya se pahale vidyamAna hai; bADha se varSA kA anumAna sahI hotA hai, yahAM hetu sAdhya ke bAda bhI vidyamAna hai; dhuMe se agni ke anumAna meM hetu aura sAdhya donoM eka hI samaya meM vidyamAna hote haiM ) / arthApattisamA jAti arthApatti kA prayoga kara ke uttara denA yaha arthApattisamA jAti hai / jaise - zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha vaTa jaisA kRtaka hai isa anumAna ke uttara meM yaha kahanA ki zabda nitya hai kyoM ki aisA mAne binA saMketoM ke vyavahAra kI upapatti nahI lagatI / ( Age pariccheda 69 meM AcArya ne isa jAti ko prakaraNasamA jAti se abhinna batalAyA hai ) | avizeSasamA jAti usI guNadharma kI samAnatA batalA kara virodha kA prasaMga vyakta karanA yaha avizeSasamA jAti hai / jaise- zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha vaTa jaisA taka hai aisA siddha kiyA jAne para yaha kahanA ki ghaTa ke samAna sat (vidya

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pramAprameyam [1.65mAkAzAdikaM satvAt ghaTavadityAdikaM syaaditi| ayameva pratikRlatarka iti jnyaatvyH|| [65. papattisamA] ubha yatraikahetUpapalyA pratyavasthAnam upapattisamA jaatiH| anityaH zabdaH pakSasa pakSayoH anyataratvAt sapakSavat , nityaH zabdaH pakSasapakSayoH anyatarasyAt sapakSavaditi / nityA bhUH gandhavattvAt, anityA bhUH gandhavattvAt ityAdi // [66. upalabdhyanupalabdhisame ] sapakSe heturahitasAdhyopalabdhyA pratyavasthAnam upalabdhisamA jaatiH| anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAd ghaTavadityukte prAgabhAve kRtakatvAmAna ) hone se AkAza Adi bhI anitya siddha hoMge / isI ko pratikUlatarka bhI kahate haiM / ( yaha jAti arthAta jhaThA dRSaNa hai kyoM ki isa meM zabda anitya hai isa sAdhya ke bAre meM kucha na kaha kara AkAza anitya siddha hogA yaha prastuta viSaya se asaMvaddha bAta uThAI gaI hai, yaha spaSTataH viSayAntara hai)| upapattisamA jAti __ donoM pakSoM meM eka hI hetu kI upapatti batalA kara uttara denA yaha upapattisamA jAti hotI hai / jaise - zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha pakSa aura sapakSa meM se kisI eka meM vidyamAna hai jaise sapakSa, zabda nitya hai kyoM ki vaha pakSa aura sapakSa meM se kisI eka meM vidyamAna hai jaise sapakSa / (dUsarA udAharaNa - ) pRthvI nitya hai kyoM ki vaha gandha se yukta hai, pRthvI anitya hai. kyoM ki vaha gandha se yukta hai| upalabdhisamA tathA anupalabdhisamA jAtiyAM sapakSa meM jahAM sAdhya pAyA jAtA hai kintu hetu nahI pAyA jAtA aisA udAharaNa de kara AkSepa upasthita karanA yaha upalabdhisamA jAti hotI hai| jaise-zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha ghaTa jaisA kRtaka hai isa anumAna ke uttara meM kahanA ki prAgabhAva kRtaka nahIM hai phira bhI usa meM anityatA pAI jAtI hai ataH kRtaka honA anitya hone kA bodhaka kaise hogA ? ( yaha vAstavika

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--1.67 nityAnityasamA bhAve'pi anityatvaM dRzyate, kathametad gamakaM syAditi // anupalabdharabhAve sAdhye anupalabdherapyanupalambhena pratyavasthAnam anupalabdhisamA jaatiH| udAharaNam -- zabda uccAraNAt pUrva nAsti anupalabdheH ityukte anupalabdherapyanupalambha eva indriyaliGgazabdAnAmanupalabdhisambandharahitatvena tadgrahaNAyogAditi // [67. nityAnityasame] pakSasyAnityadharmasya nityatvApAdanena pratyavasthAnaM nityasamA jaatiH| anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAd ghaTavadityukte zabde anityatvaM sarva-.. dRSaNa nahI hai kyoM ki isa meM vyApti ke sahI rUpa ko na samajhate hue AkSepa kiyA hai / jo kRtaka hote haiM ve anitya hote haiM aisI vyApti isa anumAna meM hai kintu AkSepa karanevAlA kaha rahA hai ki jo anitya haiM ve sabhI kRtaka hone cAhieM, yaha ThIka nahIM hai)| kisI vastu kA abhAva siddha karane ke lie anupalabdhi (na pAyA jAnA ) yaha hetu diye jAne para anupalabdhi kI bhI anupalabdhi hai yaha kaha kara uttara denA anupalIdhvasamA jAti hotI hai / jaise-uccAraNa ke pahale zabda nahIM hai kyoM ki vaha jJAta nahIM hotA aisA kahane para AkSepa karanA ki yahAM zabda jJAta nahIM hotA yaha bAta bhI jJAta nahI ho sakatI kyoM ki yaha anula pabdhi indriyapratyakSa se athavA anumAna se athavA zabda se ( Agama se ) bhI jJAta nahI ho sakatI-anulabdhi kA indriya pratyakSa Adi se sambandha hI nahIM hotA ( yaha jAti hai - vAstavika dRSaNa nahIM hai kyoM ki isa meM kisI vastu ke abhAva kA jJAna hI asvIkAra kiyA gayA hai, vastu ke abhAva kA jJAna pratyakSa se hI hotA hai yaha bAta AkSepakartA bhUla gayA hai / vastu ke abhAva kA abhAva hai yaha kahane kA tAtparya hogA ki vastu kA Astitva hai aura yaha bAta pratyakSa se hI jJAta hotI hai)| ninyasamA tathA anityasamA jAti pakSa ke anitya guNadharma ko nitya batalA kara uttara denA yaha nityasamA jAti hotI hai| udAharaNArtha - zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha kRtaka hai jaise vaTa isa anumAna ke prastuta karane para yaha kahanA ki zabda meM anityatva sarvadA

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64 pramAprameyam [1.68 dAsti dAvA | Adhe zabdasyApi sarvajJa sadbhAvaH / gharmaladbhAvapa dharmabhAvamantareNa anupapateH / dvitIye vadAna i tAvitya paveti // ekatvAtitvale sarvasya anityatvapatipAdavan amityamA jtiH| sarvamastviM bakhAt bajvaditi // [ 68. kAryasamA ] kAryatvAdidetUnAM saMdigdhAsiddhatvApAdanaM kAryasamA jAtiH / hotA hai yA kabhI kabhI hotA hai, prathama pakSa meM (yadi zabda meM anityatva sarvadA hotA ho to ) zabda kA bhI astitva sarvadA siddha hogA kyoM ki guNadharma kA astitva dharmI ke astitva ke binA nahIM ho sakatA ( ataH yadi anityatva yaha guNa sarvadA rahegA to usa kA dhAraka zabda bhI sarvadA rahegA arthAta vaha nitya siddha hogA ); dUsare pakSa meM ( yadi zabda meM anityatva kabhI kabhI rahatA hai to ) jaba zabda meM anityatva yaha guNavana nahIM hogA taba vaha nitya hI siddha hogA ( yaha bhI vAstavika dUpaNa nahIM hai; zabda anitya hai aisA vAdI ne kahA tabhI yaha gRhIta ho jAtA hai ki jisa zabda kA eka samaya astitva hai - usakA dUsare samaya abhAva hogA, ataH usa meM yaha pUchanA ki anityatva sarvadA rahegA yA kabhI kabhI - nirarthaka hai ) / eka vastu ko anitya batalAne para sabhI ko anitya batalAnA yaha anityasamA jAti hotI hai / jaise - pUrvokta anumAna meM ( zabda anitya hai yaha kahane para ) kahanA ki sabhI vastueM anitya haiM kyoMki ve sat haiM jaise baTa | ( pari. 6 : meM AcArya ne batalAyA hai ki yaha jAti vizeSasamA jAti se bhinna nahIM hai ) / kAryasamA jAti kAryatva ityAdi hetuoM ko saMdigdhAsiddha batalAnA yaha kAryasamA jAti hotI hai / jaise pUrvokta anumAna meM ( zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha kRta hai jaise vaTa ) yaha kahanA ki zabda kA kRtaka honA saMdigdha hai kyoM ki tAlu Adi zabda ke kAraNa haiM athavA kevala vyakta karanevAle haiM isa viSaya meM vAdiyoM meM matabheda hai ataH ( zabda kRtaka hai yA nahIM isa viSaya meM) sandeha hotA hai / ( yaha jAti hai arthAta vAstavika dUSaNa nahIM hai kyoM

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1.70 ] jAtiyoM kI saMkhyA 65 prAktanaprayoge zabde kRtakatvaM saMdigdhaM tAlvAdInAM kAraNatvaM vyaJjakatvaM veti vAdivipratipatteH saMdehAditi / iti jaatyH|| [69. jAtisaMkhyAvicAraH] varye sAdhyasya saMbhUteH pRthag nAsya nirUpaNam / pratyudAharaNaM cApi sAdharmyaM labdhavRttimat // 12 // arthApatyupapattI cAbhinne prakaraNAdiha / anityatvasamAjAtivizeSAnna bhidyate // 13 // iti paJcApasAreNAsiddhAdhupacayena ca / jAtayo viMzatistAH syuH punarukti vinA punaH // 14 // [70. nigrahasthAnAni] vAdiprativAdinoH anyatarasya parAjayanimittaM nigrahasthAnam / prati zAhAniH pratijJAntaraM pratijJAvirodhaH pratijJAsaMnyAsaH hetvantaram arthAntaraMnirarthakam avijJAtArtham apArthakam aprAptakAlaM hInam adhikam punaru ki yahAM prastuta hetu meM koI spaSTa dopa na batalA kara kevala vAdiyoM ke matabheda para AdhArita saMdeha ko mahattva diyA hai)| isa prakAra jAtiyoM kA varNana pUrA huaa| jAtiyoM kI saMkhyA ___varNyasamA jAti meM sAdhyasamA jAti kA antarbhAva hotA hai ataH usa kA pRthaka varNana nahI karanA cAhie; pratyudAharaNa jAti kA samAveza sAdharmyasamA jAti meM hotA hai; arthApattisamA tathA upapattisamA jAtiyAM prakaraNasamA jAti se bhinna nahI haiM tathA anityasamA jAti avizeSasamA jAti se bhinna nahI hai / isa prakAra punarukti choDakara pAMca jAtiyoM ko kama karane se tathA asiddhAdisamA jAti kA adhika samAveza karane se jAtiyoMkI saMkhyA bIsa hotI hai| nigrahasthAna vAdI aura prativAdI meM se kisI eka ke parAjaya kA jo kAraNa hotA hai use nigrahasthAna kahate haiM / pratijJAhAni se hetvAbhAsa taka (jo nAma mUla

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66 pramAprameyam [1.71 tam ananubhASaNam ajJAnam apratibhA vikSepaH matAnujJA paryanuyojyopekSaNaM niranuyojyAnuyogaH apasiddhAntaH hetvAbhAsAzceti dvAviMzatinigrahasthAnAni // [71. pratijJAhAniH ] ukta hetau dUSaNodbhAvane pratipakSAbhyupagamaH pratijJAhAnirnAma nigrahasthAnam / tasyodAharaNam-anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAd ghaTavadityukte pradhvaMsAbhAvena hetoH anekAntodbhAvane nityo bhavediti // [ 72. pratijJAntaram ] siddhasAdhyatvena hetoH akiMcitkaratvodbhAvane pazcAt sAdhyavizeSaNopAdAnaM pratijJAntaraM nAma nigrahasthAnam / udAharaNam-AdyaM caitanyaM meM ginAye haiM ve ) bAIsa nigrahasthAna hote haiM ( ina kA kramazaH varNana aba kareMge ) / pratijJAhAni nigrahasthAna kahe hue hetu meM doSa batalAne para pratipakSa ko svIkAra kara lenA yaha pratijJAhAni nAma kA nigrahasthAna hai / usa kA udAharaNa hai - zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha ghaTa jaisA kRtaka hai isa anumAna ke prayoga meM hetu meM pradhvaMsAbhAva se anekAnta - doSa batalAne para ( pradhvaMsAbhAva kRtaka hai kintu anitya nahI hai ataH kRtakatva yaha hetu pradhvaMsAbhAva isa nitya vipakSa meM bhI hone se anaikAntika hai aisA kahane para ) yaha kahanA ki zabda nitya honA cAhie / pratijJAntara nigrahasthAna { sAdhya ke pahale hI siddha hone ke kAraNa hetu ko akiMcitkara batalAye jAne ke bAda sAdhya meM kisI vizeSaNa kA grahaNa karanA yaha pratijJAntara nAma kA nigrahasthAna hai / udAharaNa pahalA ( janmasamaya kA ) caitanya caitanyapUrvaka hotA hai ( caitanyase hI caitanya utpanna hotA hai ) kyoM ki vaha cetanA kA vivarta hai jaise ki madhyakAlIna cetanA vivarta hotA hai isa anumAna ke prayoga karane para pahale ( janmasamaya ke ) caitanya ke pahale mAtA-pitA kA caitanya hotA hI hai yaha svIkRta hai ataH pahalA

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pratijJAvirodha - 1.74] 67 caitanyapUrvakaM cidavivartatvAt madhyavidUvivartavadityukte yacaitanyasya mAtApiDhacaitanyapUrvakatvAGgIkArAt siddhasAdhyatvena hetoH akiMcitkaravobhAvate pazcAt AdyaM caitanyas eka saMtAna caitanyapUrvakaM cidvivartatvAt madhyacidavivartavadityAdi // [ 73. pratijJAvirodhaH 7 dharmadharmivirodhaH pratijJAvirodho nAma nigrahasthAnam / sarvajJo na kiMcida jAnAti jijJAsArahitatvAt suSuptavadityAdi / kecit sAdhyasAdhanayoH virodhaM pratijJAvirodhamAcakSate tanmate'sya viruddhahetvAbhAsatvenaiva nigrahatvAt // [ 74 pratijJAsaMnyAsaH ] ukta hetau dUSaNodbhAva svasAdhyaparityAgaH pratijJAsaMnyAso nAma "caitanya caitanyapUrvaka hotA hai yaha sAdhya pahale hI siddha hai ataH yahAM hetu akiMcitkara (vyartha ) hai aisA kahane para phira yaha kahanA ki pahale ( janmasamaya ke ) caitanya ke pahale eka hI santAna kA caitanya hotA hai kyoM ki vaha cetanA kA vivarta hai jaise ki madhyakAlIna cetanAvivarta hotA hai ( yahAM pahalI pratijJA yaha thI ki pahalA caitanya caitanyapUrvaka hotA hai, bAda meM isa pratijJA ko badala kara yaha svarUpa diyA gayA ki pahalA caitanya tathA usa ke pahale kA caitanya ekahI santAna ke - ekahI vyaktitva ke hone cAhieM ataH yaha pratijJAntara nigrahasthAna huA ) / pratijJAvirodha nigrahasthAna dharma (guNa) aura dharmI ( guNavAn ) meM virodha honA yaha pratijJA* virodha nAma kA nigrahasthAna hai / jaise- sarvajJa kucha nahIM jAnatA kyoM ki vaha soe hue vyakti ke samAna jijJAsArahita hai ( yahAM sarvajJa arthAta jo saba jAnatA hai vaha dharmI hai, usa kA kucha na jAnanA isa dharma se spaSTa hI virodha hai ataH yaha pratijJAvirodha nigrahasthAna huA ) / pratijJAsaMnyAsa nigrahasthAna hetu batalAne para dUSaNa dikhalAne para apane sAdhya ko choDa denA yaha pratijJA saMnyAsa nAma kA nigrahasthAna hai / jaise- zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha

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68 pramAprameyam [1.75nigrhsthaanm| anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAd ghaTavadityukte pradhvaMsAbhAvena hatoH anekAntodbhAvane nAhaM zabdamanityaM bravImItyAdi / 75. hetvantaram ] __ avizeSe hetau vyabhicAreNa pratipiDhe pazcAda vizeSaNopAdAnaM hetvataraM nAma nigrahasthAnam / udAharaNam-pUrvaprayoge pUrvavadanekAntodbhAvane pazcAd anityaH zabdaH bhAvatve sati kRtakatvAd ghaTavadityAdi / 76. arthAntaram ] prakRtaprameyAnupayogivacanama arthAntaraM nAma nigrhsthaanm| udAharaNam raamrawwwwwwwwwwmr. Utaka hai jaise ghaTa isa anumAna ke prastuta karane para hetu meM pravaMsAbhAva se anekAnta batalAyA gayA ( pradhvaMsAbhAva kRtaka hone para bhI nitya hai ataH kRtakatva yaha hetu nitya aura aniya donoM padArthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai-vaha anaikAntika hai aisA kahA gayA) taba maiM zabda ko anitya nahI kahatA aisA kahanA ( pratijJAsaMnyAsa hogA, zabda anitya hai yaha bAdI kI pratijJA thI usa se vaha mukaratA hai yahI pratijJAsaMnyAsa hai)| itvantara nigrahasthAna vizeSaNarahita hetu kA prayoga karane para (prativAdI dvArA ) vyabhicArasoSa digvalAne para (hetu meM ) vizaSaNa kA svIkAra karanA yaha hetvantara jAma kA nigrahasthAna hai / jaise-uparyukta anumAna meM (zabda anitya hai kyoM ke vaha kataka hai jaise ghaTa) uparyukta prakAra se anekAnta - doSa batalAne para (adhvaMsa bhAva kRtaka hai kintu nitya hai ataH kRtakatva yaha hetu nitya aura anitya honA padArthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai ataH vaha anaikAntika hai) yaha. hanA ke zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha bhAva hai tathA kRtaka hai jaise ghaTa (yahAM mala hetu kRtakatva meM bhAvatva ke sAtha honA yaha vizeSaNa adhika joDA / ataH yaha hetvantara nigrahasthAna huA ) / arthAntA nigrahasthAna prastuta.viSaya ke lie nirupayogI bAteM kahanA yaha arthAntara nAma kA nigrahastha na hai jaise- zabda anitya haiM, kyoM ki vaha kRtaka hai yaha hetu hai, hetu.

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~1.78) avijJAtArthaka nigrahasthAna anityaH zabdaH, kRtakatvAditi hetuH, hetuzca hinotestunpratyaye uNAdikaM 'padaM tasya liGgasaMjJAnantaraM syAt vyutpattiH, hetuH hetU hetavaH ityAdi // [77. nirarthakam ] artharahitazabdamAtroccAraNaM nirarthakaM nAma nigrahasthAnam / udAharaNam- anityaH zabdaH avahaDamaThaparatatvAt nayabhajakhagasadacalavabaMdityAdi / [ 78. avijJAtArthakam ] vAdinA trirupanyastamapi pariSatprativAdibhiH avijJAyamAnama avijJAtArthakam nAma nigrahasthAnaM vAdinaH / prativAdino'pyevam // zabda hi dhAtu ko uNAdi tun pratyaya lagAne se banA hai, usa kI vyuptatti liGga aura saMjJA ke bAda hotI hai, (prathamA meM usa ke rUpa haiM -) hetuH hetU hetavaH ( yahAM hetu zabda kA vyAkaraNa batalAnA arthAntara hai kyoM ki isa kaH zabda ke anitya hone se koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai - sAdhya ke lie yaha nirupayogI hai)| nirarthaka nigrahasthAna vinA artha ke kevala dhvani kA uccAraNa karanA yaha nirarthaka nAma kA "nigrahasthAna hai / jaise-zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha nayabhajakhagasadacala jaisA avahaDamaThaparata hai ( yahAM avahaDamaThaparata tathA nayabhajakhagasadacala vinA artha ke kevala dhvani haiM ataH yaha nirarthaka nigrahasthAna huaa)| avijJAtArthaka nigrahasthAna vAdI ke tIna bAra kahane para bhI jisa ko sabhA tayA prativAdI na samajha sakeM use vAdI ke lie avijJAtArthaka nAma kA nigrahasthAna kahanA cAhiye | isI prakAra prativAdI ke lie bhI nigrahasthAna hogA (yadi usa ke tIna bAra kahane para bhI vAdI aura sabhA use na samajha paaye)|

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70 pramAprameyama [ 79. apArthakam ] samudAyArthAparijJAnam apArthakaM nAma nigrahasthAnam / anniH kRSNoH vAyutvAt jalavat / [ 80 aprAptakAlam ] samudraH pIyate meghaiH ahamadya jarAturaH / amI garjanti parjanyA harerairAvataH priyaH // 15 // ityAdi / [1.80 avayavaviparyAsavacanam aprAptakAlaM nAma nigrahasthAnam / ghaTavat kRtakatvAdanityaH zabdaH ityAdi // apArthaka nigrahasthAna ( zabdoM ke ) samUha ke artha kA jJAna na honA yaha apArthaka nAma kA nigrahasthAna hai / jaise - agni kAlA hai kyoM ki vaha vAyu hai jaise jala ( yahAM agni, kRSNa, vAyu aura jala ye cAroM zabda sArtha hone para bhI una ke samUha kA koI artha saMgata nahI ho sakatA ) / samudra meghoM dvArA piyA jAtA hai, maiM aba buDhApe se pIDita hUM, ye bAdala garaja rahe haiM, indra ko airAvata priya hai: ( yahAM cAroM vAkyakhaMDa sArtha hone para bhI una ke samUha meM artha kI koI saMgati nahI hai ataH yaha apArthaka nigrahasthAna huA ) / aprAptakAla nigrahasthAna ( anumAna vAkya ke ) avayavoM ko ulaTa-palaTa kara kahanA yaha aprAtakAla nAma kA nigrahasthAna hai / jaise ghaTa ke samAna kRtakaH hone se anitya hai zabda ( yahAM zabda yaha pakSa anta meM, anityaH honA yaha sAdhya usa ke pahale, kRtaka honA yaha hetu usa ke pahale tathA ghaTa yaha dRSTAnta prAraMbha meM kahA hai; anumAna vAkya kI rIti ke anusAra ina kA krama ThIka ulaTA arthAta pakSa - sAdhya - hetu - dRSTAnta isa prakAra hona cAhie; ataH krama ThIka na hone se yaha aprAptakAla nigrahasthAna huA ) /

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-1.83] [ 81. hInam ] anyatamena avayavena nyUnaM hInaM nAma nigrahasthAnam / anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAt, yo yaH kRtakaH sa sarvo'pyanityaH, yathA ghaTaH, kRtakavAyaM zabda iti // hIna - adhika nigrahasthAna [ 82. adhikam ] dvayAdihetudRSTAntamadhikaM nAma nigrahasthAnam / AkAzaM vAhyendriyagrAhyaguNarahitaM nityatvAt niravayavatvAt sparzarahitatvAt kAlavat Atmavat ityAdi // [ 83. zepANi nigrahasthAnAni ] zabdArthayoH punarvacanaM punaruktaM nAma nigrahasthAnam anyatrAnuvAdAt / pariSadA, parijJAtasya vAdinA trirupanyastasyApratyuccAraNam ananubhASaNaM 71 to nigrahasthAna anumAna kA vAkya kisI eka avayava se nyUna ho to vaha hIna nAmaka nigrahasthAna hotA hai / jaise-zabda anitya hai kyoM ki vaha kRtaka hai, jo jo kRtaka hotA hai vaha sabhI anitya hotA hai, jaise ghaTa, aura yaha zabda kRtaka hai | ( yahAM anumAna ke vAkya meM antima avayava nigamana - isa lie zabda anitya hai - kA prayoga nahI kiyA gayA hai ataH yaha hIna nigrahasthAna huA ) / adhika nigrahasthAna zeSa nigrahasthAna do yA adhika hetuoM tathA dRSTAntoM kA prayoga karanA yaha adhika nAma kA nigrahasthAna hai / jaise - AkAza meM bAhya indriyoM se grAhya guNa nahI haiM kyoM ki vaha kAla ke samAna aura AtmA ke samAna nitya hai, avayava -- rahita hai tathA sparzarahita hai ( yahAM nityatva, niravayatva sparzarahitatva ina tIna hetuoM kA tathA kAla aura AtmA ina do dRSTAntoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai ataH yaha adhika nigrahasthAna huA ) 1 " kisI zabda yA artha kA dubArA prayoga karanA yaha punarukta nAmaka

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72 pramAprameyam [1.84 nAma nigrahasthAnam / sAdhana prayoge dUSaNAparijJAnaM dUSaNodbhAvane parihArApratipattiH apratibhA nAma nigrahasthAnam / vyAsaMgAd bhIteH apratibhAdeH vA prArabdhakathAvicchedo vikSepo nAma nigrahasthAnam / svapakSoktadoSamaparihRtya parapakSe doSamudbhAvayato matAnujJA nAma nigrahasthAnam / prAptadoSAnudbhAvanaM paryanuyojyopekSaNaM nAma nigrahasthAnam / doSarahitasya doSodbhAvanaM niranuyojyAnuyogo nAma nigrahasthAnam / svIkRtAgamaviruddhaprasAdhanam apasiddhAnto nAma nigrahasthAnam / asiddhAdayo hetvAbhAsA nAma nigraha - sthAnAni // [ 84. nigrahasthAnopasaMhAraH ] liGgakArakakAlAdiskhalanaM nigraho bhavet / tatpratijJAbhyupetasya nAnyasya sukhavAdinaH // 16 // nigrahasthAna hotA hai, kintu ( prativAdI ke kathana kA khaMDana karaneke lie ) duharAnA yaha nigrahasthAna nahIM hotA / jise sabhA ne samajha liyA ho tathA cAdIne tInabAra jisa kA uccAraNa kiyA ho use na duharA sakanA yaha ananubhASaNa nAmakA nigrahasthAna hotA hai / ( pratipakSI dvArA ) kisI sAdhana ( hetu ) kA prayoga kiye jAne para usa meM dUSaNa na sUjhanA tathA ( pratipakSI dvArA ) dUSaNa diye jAne para usa kA uttara na sUjhanA yaha apratibhA nAmakA nigrahasthAna hotA hai / ( anya viSaya meM ) ruci hone se, ( parAjaya ke ) Dara se yA uttara na sUjhane se zurU kI huI carcA ko roka denA yaha vikSetra nAma kA nigrahasthAna hotA hai / apane pakSa meM batAye gaye doSa kA uttara na dekara pratipakSa meM doSa batAnA yaha matAnujJA nAma kA nigrahasthAna hotA hai / ( pratipakSa meM ) prApta hue doSa ko na batalAnA yaha paryanuyojyopekSaNa nAma kA nigrahasthAna hotA hai / nirdoSa kathana meM doSa batalAnA yaha niranuyojyAnuyoga nAma kA nigrahasthAna hotA hai / apane dvArA mAnya Agama ke viruddha tattva ko siddha karanA yaha apasiddhAnta nAma kA nigrahasthAna hotA hai / asiddha ityAdi hetvAbhAsa nAma ke nigrahasthAna haiM ( jina kA vistAra se varNana pahale ho cukA hai ) | nigrahasthAna carcA kA samAropa jisane vaisI pratijJA kI ho usa vAdI ke lie liMga, kAraka, kAla

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~~1.86] vAda tathA sAdhanadUSaNAnupayoginAM pratibhAkSayakAriNAM kalaha-gAlipradAna sahabhASaNa-vRthAprahasana-kapolavAdana-talaprahAra-zira kampana- UrutADana nartana-utpavana-AsphoTanAdInAmapi nigrahasthAnatvam // [85, chalAdiprayoganiyamaH ] svayaM naiva prayoktavyAH sabhAmadhye chalAdayaH / paroktAstu nirAkAryA vAdinA te prayatnataH / / 17 // yadA saduttaraM naiva pratibhAseta vAdinaH / prApte parAjaye nityaM prayoktavyAzchalAdayaH // 18 // chalAdhubhAvane zaktaH prativAdI bhaved yadi / vAdI parAjitastena no cet sAmyaM tayorbhavet / / 19 // 6.86. vAdaH] uktAni sAdhanadUSaNAni / taiH kriyamANo vAda ucyate / Adi kI galatI bhI nigrahasthAna hotI hai, sukhapUrvaka vAda karanevAle anya vAdI ke lie vaha nigrahasthAna nahIM hotii| isI prakAra pakSa ke sAdhana yA dUSaNa ke lie anupayogI evaM pratibhA ko kama karanevAle jhagaDe, gAlI denA, sAtha bolanA, phAlatU haMsanA, gAla bajAnA,tAlI bajAnA,sira hilAnA, chAtI pITanA, nAcanA, uDanA, cillAnA Adi ko bhI nigrahasthAna samajhanA caahie| chala Adi ke prayoga ke niyama sabhA meM svayaM chala Adi kA prayoga kabhI nahIM karanA cAhie kintu prativAdI dvArA una kA prayoga kiye jAne para vAdI ko prayatnapUrvaka una kA nirAkaraNa karanA cAhie / jaba vAdIko sahI uttara sUjhatA hI na ho tathA parAjaya kA prasaMga AyA ho taba hamezA chala Adi kA prayoga karanA caahie| yadi prativAdI chala Adi ko spaSTa batalA sake to usa ke dvArA vAdI parAjita hotA hai, anyathA donoM meM samAnatA rahatI hai| aba taka sAdhana aura dRSaNoM kA varNana kiyaa| aba una se kiye

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75 pramAprameyam [1.86vivAdapadamuddizya vcobhiryuktyuktibhiH| aGgIkRtAgamArthAnAM vacanaM vAda ucyate // 20 // vAdasya svapakSasAdhanaM sAdhanasamarthanaM parapakSadUSaNaM dUSaNasamarthanaM zabdadoSavarjanamiti avayavAH pnyc| apazabdApaprayogAnanvayaduranvayAprasiddhApadAnIti zabdadoSAH paJca / tatra vakSyamANabhASA poDhA / prAkRtasaMskRtamAgadhapizAcabhASAzca zaurasenI c| SaSTo'tra bhUribhedo deshvishessaadpbhrNshH||21|| prativAdyabhivAJchayA evaMvidhayuktiyuktabhASAbhiH abhipretArthavAdanaM vaad| bAdaM tridhA vadiSyanti vyAkhyAgoSTIvivAdataH / guruvidvajigISUNAM shissyshissttprvaadibhiH||22|| jAnevAle vAda kA varNana karate haiN| vivAda ke viSaya ko lekara ucita yuktiyoM ke vAkyoM dvArA apane dvArA svIkRta Agama (zAstra) ke artha kA varNana karanA yaha vAda kahalAtA hai / vAda ke pAMca avayava haiM - apane pakSa kI siddhi karanA, usake sAdhanoM kA samarthana karanA, pratipakSa ke dUSaNa batalAnA, una dUSaNoM kA samarthana karanA tathA zabda ke doSoM se dUra rahanA / zabda ke doSa pAMca prakAra ke haiM - apazabda, apaprayoga (galata prayoga), ananvaya (asaMbaddha prayoga), duranvaya (jisakA saMbandha samajhanA kaThina ho vaha prayoga) tathA aprasiddha zabdoM kA prayoga / bAda meM bolI jAnevAlI bhASAeM chaha prakAra kI haiM - prAkRta, saMskRta, mAgadha, pizAca, zaurasenI tathA chaThavIM bhASA apabhraMza, jisake bhinna bhinna pradezoM ke kAraNa bahutase prakAra hue haiN| isa prakAra kI yuktisaMgata bhASAoM dvArA prativAdI kI icchAnusAra apane saMmata artha ko kahanA yaha bAda hai / vAda ke tIna prakAra haiM - vyAkhyAvAda, jo guru ziSya ke sAtha karatA hai; goSThIvAda, jo vidvAna ziSTa logoM ke sAtha karatA hai; tathA vivAdavAda, jo vijaya kI icchA karanevAlA vAdI prativAdI ke sAtha karatA hai - ye ve tIna prakAra haiN|

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-1.87] [ 87. vyAkhyAvAdaH ] tatra vyAkhyAvAde vyAkhyAvAda kuryAt sadAgrahaM ziSyo vicAre zAstragocare / vubhutsustattvayAthAtmyaM na kadAcid durAgraham // 23 // sadAgrahaH pramANena prasiddhArthaddadAgrahaH / durAgraho manobhrAntyA vAdhitArthadadAgrahaH // 24 // satsAdhanena pakSasya svakIyasya samarthanam / sadUSaNairvipakSasya tiraskAro guroH kriyA // 256 // satsAdhanadUSaNe kIdRkSe ityukte vakti vyAptimAn pakSadharmazca samyaka sAdhanamucyate / tadvaikatyavibhAvastu sabhyagdRSaNamucyate // 26 // asiddhAdayaH sAdhanAbhAsAH / halAdayo duSaNAbhAsAH 1 vyAkhyAvAda vyAkhyAvAda meM zAstrasaMbaMdhI vicAra hotA hai, usa meM ziSya tattvoM kA vAstavika svarUpa jAnane kI icchA karate hue satya ke viSaya meM Agraha kare, durAgraha kabhI na kare / pramANa se siddha honevAle viSaya meM dRDha Agraha honA yaha sadAgraha ( satya kA Agraha athavA yogya Agraha ) hai / mana ke bhrama ke kAraNa pramANaviruddha viSaya meM dRDha Agraha honA yaha durAgraha kahalAtA hai | ucita sAdhanoM se apane pakSa kA samarthana karanA tathA racita dUSaNoM se pratipakSa kA niSedha karanA yaha ( vyAkhyAvAda meM ) guru kA kArya hotA haiM / ucita sAdhana tathA dUSaNa kaise hote haiM yaha pUchane para kahate haiM- vyApti se yukta pakSa ke dharma ko ucita sAdhana ( hetu ) kahate haiM ( jisa kA pahale vistAra se varNana kara cuke haiM ) tathA ucita sAdhana kI kamI batalAnA yahI ucita dUSaNa hotA hai / asiddha ityAdi sAdhana ( hetu ) ke AbhAsa haiM tathA chala Adi dUSaNa ke AbhAsa haiM ( ina donoM kA pahale vistAra se varNana ho cukA hai ) / anugraha ke yogya ziSya ke sAtha samajhAnevAle guru anugraha ke lie.

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'76 pramAprameyam [1.88anugrAhyasya ziSyasya bodhakairgurubhiH saha / / anugrahAya kRtatvAnna stAM jayaparAjayau // 27 // [88. goSThIvAdaH] goSThIvAde-asUyakatvaM zaThatA vicAro durAgrahaH sUktivimAnanaM ca / puMsAmamI pazca bhavanti doSA tatvArthabodhapratibandhanAya // 28 // sujanaiH kimajAnadbhiH kiM jaandbhirsuuykaiH| bhAvyaM viziSTagoSThISu jAnadbhiranasUyakaiH // 29 / / mUkhairapakvabodhaistu shaalaapshctuHphlH| vAcAM vyayo manastApaH tADanaM duHpravAdanam // 30 // tasmAt samaM janairbhAvyaM shaastryaathaatmyvedibhiH| prAmANikaiH pravAdeSu kRtAbhyAsaiH kRpAlubhiH // 31 // goSThayAM satsAdhanaireva svapakSasya smrthnm| sadUSaNairvipakSasya tiraskArastayormataH // 32 // yaha vyAkhyAvAda karate haiM isalie isa meM vijaya athavA parAjaya kA prazna hI nahI hotaa| goSThIvAda goSTIvAda meM puruSoM ke lie tattva kA artha samajhane meM bAdhA DAlanevAle pAMca doSa isa prakAra hote haiM-matsara, duSTatA, avicAra, durAgraha tathA acche vacanoM kI avahelanA / na jAnanevAle sajjanoM se athavA jAnanevAle matsarI logoM se kyA lAbha ? viziSTa goSThI meM bhAga lenevAle loga jAnanevAle kintu matsara na karanevAle hone cAhieM | abUrI samajhabAle mUkhoMse bAtacIta ke cAra phala prApta hote haiM-zabda kharca honA, mana ko kaSTa honA, mArapITa honA athavA niMdA honaa| ata: goSTI ke sadasya zAstroM kA vAstavika rUpa jAnanevAle, samAnazIla, prAmANika, dayAlu tathA vAdavivAda kA anubhava rakhanevAle hone caahieN| goSThI meM ucita sAdhanoM se hI apane pakSa kA samarthana karanA cAhie " tathA ucita dUSaNoM se hI pratipakSa kA niSedha karanA cAhie / goSThIvAda aura . vyAkhyAvAda meM tattva kA jJAna dRDha honA yahI uddeza hotA hai ataH apaprayoga

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-1.89] vivAdavAda goSThIvyAkhyAnayoratra vyAkhyAvAde ca goSThayAM ca tttvjnyaanhddhaarthyoH| apaprayogaduHzabdapaunaruktyaM na dUSaNam // 33 // viziSTaiH kriyamANAyAM kathAyAM viduSAM sdii| tattvavRttidRDhArthatvAt na stAM jypraajyauH|| 34 // [89. vivAdavAdaH] vivAdavAde-yayoreva samaM vittaM yayoreva samaM zrutam / tayoreva vivAdaH syAt na tu puSTavipuSTayoH // 35 // naivArot tulAM jAtu gariSTho laghunA saha / laghurunnatimAyAti gariSTho'dho vrajed yataH // 36 / / ityeke| asamenApi dRptena satAM vAdo yshskrH| guNAH kiM na suvarNasya vyajyante nikssople||37|| parapragharSaprahitena cetasA vyapekSayA darpabhareNa vA nRpaaH| vAdaM raNa vAsuravRttayo janAH kartuM yatante na tu dharmavRttayaH // 38 / / ( anumAna kA galata prayoga ), gaTata zabdoM kA prayoga athavA punarukti ye dupaNa nahIM hote / goSThI-carcA viziSTa vidvAnA meM tattvajJAna ko dRDha karane ke lie kI jAtI hai ataH isa meM jaya athavA parAjaya kA prazna hI nahIM hotA hai| vivAdavAda vivAdavAda meM jinakA dhana samAna ho tathA jinakA adhyayana samAna ho unhIM meM vivAda hotA hai, sabala tathA durbala meM vivAda nahIM ho sktaa| gariSTa (bhArI athavA zreSTha ) vyakti ko laghu ( halake athavA nIca ) vyakti se tulanA nahIM karanI cAhie kyoM ki aisI tulanA meM halakA vyakti Upara jAtA hai tathA bhArI vyakti nIce jAtA hai aisA kucha loga kahate haiM (jisa taraha tarAjU meM eka ora halakI aura dUsarI ora bhArI cIja ho to halakI cIja kA palaDA Upara jAtA hai aura bhArI cIja kA palaDA nIce jAtA hai usI taraha zreSTha aura nIca vyakti meM vivAda ho to zreSTa vyakti kI adhogati aura nIca vyakti kI unnati hotI haiM ) / jo samAna nahIM hai kintu abhimAna kara rahA hai usa ke sAtha satpuruSa vAda kareM to yaha kIrti baDhAnevAlA hotA hai;

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pramAprameyam [1.89 yazovadhAya vRttena tttvviplvkaarinnaa| sato'pi truvatA vAdI vAdaM kuryAt tribhiH saha // 32 // na rAtrau nApi caikAnte naivAsAkSikamAcaret / vivAda mUrkhasabhyAnAM parito mUrkha bhUpateH // 40 // durAgraho muurkhtaa| pratijJA tu na kartavyA vAde yuddhe ca dhiimtaa| phalameva satAmAha satyAsatyavyavasthitima // 41 // drutaM vilambitaM kliSTam avyaktamanunAsikam / aprasiddhapadaM vAde na brUyAt zAstravit sadA // 42 // brama eva vivAdaH syAd yadi yuktaH saduktibhiH / atha yaSTijapeTAbhiH tatra vAcaMyamA vayam / / 43 // sone ke guNa kyA kasauTI ke patthara para prakaTa nahI hote? ( yadyapi sonA aura patthara paraspara samAna nahI haiM tathApi una ke saMgharSa se sone ke guNa spaSTa hote haiM usI prakAra vidvAna vyakti abhimAnI alpajJa ke sAtha vAda kare to usa kI vidvattA kI kIrti baDhatI hai)| kevala dUsaroM se saMgharSa karane ke Agraha se athavA garva se jo vidvAna yA rAjA vivAda yA yuddha karate haiM ve asuroM (rAkSasoM ) jaisI vRtti ke haiM, dharma ke anukUla vRtti ke nahI / ( pratipakSI kI) kIrti naSTa karane kA jisa ne nizcaya kiyA hai tathA jo tattvoMkA viplava karatA hai (tAttvika carcA meM gaDabaDI phailAnA hI jisa kA uddeza hai, koI tattva siddha karanA jise iSTa nahI) usa se bhI vAdI tIna sahayogiyoM ke sAtha vAda kare / rAtri meM, ekAnta meM, tathA binA kisI sAkSI ke vivAda na kare (kyoM ki aise bAda meM vijaya kA lAbha nahIM milatA ); jahAM sabhAsada mUrkha hoM athavA rAjA mUrkha ho vahAM vAda na kare, yahAM mUrkhatA kA tAtparya durAgraha se hai ( yadi sabhAsada yA rAjA durAgrahI hoM to ve pakSapAta kareMge ataH aisI sabhA meM vAda na kre)| vAda meM tathA yuddha meM buddhimAna vyakti pratijJA na kare (zarta na lagAye) satpuruSoM ke lie ( vAda yA yuddha kA ) phala hI satya aura asatya kA nirNaya batalAtA hai / zAstra ko jAnanevAlA vAdI vAda meM bahuta jaladI, bahuta dhIre, bahuta kaThina, aspaSTa, nAka meM athavA aprasiddha zabda na bole / yadi ucita vAkyoM se yukta vAda ho to hama boleMge hI, kintu lAThI yA thappaDoM se vAda honA ho to vahAM hama cupa hI rahate haiM ( aisI yogya vAdI kI vRtti honI caahie)|

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-1.91] vAda ke cAra aMga 79 [90, catvAri bAdAGgAni / / mAtsaryeNa vivAdaH syAt caturaGgazcaturvidhaH / pratijJAtArthasiddhayantatattvAt lokavivAdavat // 44 // aGgAni catvAri bhavanti vAde sainye yathA bhUmipatIzvarANAm / sabhApatiH sabhyajanaH pravAdI vAdI ca sarve svgunnairupetaaH|| 45 // [91. sabhApatiH] tatra sabhApateH lakSaNam / samAsaH kRpAluzca sarvasiddhAntatattvavit / abAdhitArthasaMgrAhI bAdhitArthavihAyakaH // 46 / / AjJAvAn dhArmiko dAtA vidvadgoSThIpriyaH sudhIH / niyantAnyAyavRttInAM rAjA sa syAt sbhaaptiH||47 // Adizan vAdayed vAde vAdinaM prativAdinA / na svayaM vivadet tAbhyAM dharmatattvavicArakaH // 48 // vAda ke cAra aMga (vAdI aura prativAdI ke ) matsara se jo vivAda hotA hai vaha cAra prakAra kA tathA cAra aMgoM se saMpanna hotA hai / logoM ke vivAda ke samAna yaha vivAda bhI pratijJA kiye hue artha kI siddhi hone taka calatA hai| rAjAoM ke sainya meM jisa taraha cAra aMga (hAthI, ghoDe, ratha aura padAti) hote haiM usI taraha vAda meM cAra aMga hote haiN| apane guNoM se yukta ve saba aMga isa prakAra haiM - sabhApati, sabhyajana, prativAdI tathA vAdI / / sabhApati una (cAra aMgoM) meM sabhApati kA lakSaNa isa prakAra hai / vaha rAjA sabhApati honA cAhie jo samajhadAra, dayAlu, saba siddhAntoM ke tattvoM ko jAnanevAlA, abAdhita artha kA saMgraha kara ke bAdhita artha ko choDanevAlA, AjJA dene meM samartha, dhArmika, dAnazIla, vidvAnoM kI carcA jise priya hai aisA, buddhimAn , va anyAya ke baratAva ko niyaMtrita karanevAlA ho / sabhApati cAdI ko Adeza dete hue prativAdI se vAda kraaye| dharma ke tattvoM kA vicAra

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pramAprameyam [1.92 sabhApatirvadeda vAde sAdhanaM dUSaNaM ydi| ko vivAdAt ghaTet tena kutastyastattvanizcayaH // 42 // jAnannubhayasiddhAntau guNadoSau tyormtii| rAjA sabhyairvicAryeva deyAjjayaparAjayau // 50 // [92. sabhyAH ] sabhyAnAM lkssnnmucyte| ___ apakSapAtinaH prAjJAH svayamudgrahaNe kSamAH / sarvasiddhAntasArajJAH sabhyA durvAkyavArakAH // 51 // uktaM c| apakSapAtinaH prAjJAH siddhAntadvayavedinaH / asavAdaniSeddhAraH prAznikAH pragrahA iva // 52 // (prameyakamalamArtaNDa pR. 195) karate hue vaha svayaM una se vivAda na kare | yadi sabhApati hI bAda meM sAdhana yA dUSaNa batAye to usa se vivAda kesa hogA tathA tattva kA nizcaya kaha se hogA ( tAtparya - sabhApati kA kArya nirNaya denA hai, svayaM vAda karanA nhiiN)| donoM pakSoM ke siddhAntoM ko, una ke guNadoSAM ko tathA vicAroM ko jAnate hue rAjA sabhAsadAM se vicAra karake hI jaya athavA parAjaya kA nirNaya de| sabhAsada aba sabhAsadoM kA lakSaNa batalAte haiN| jo pakSapAtI nahIM hai, buddhimAna haiM, svayaM tattva ko samajha sakate haiM, sabhI siddhAntA ke tAtparya ko jAnate haiM tathA galata vacanoM ko roka sakate haiM ye sabhAsada hote haiN| kahA bhI hai - pakSapAta na karanevAle, buddhimAna, donoM siddhAntoM ko jAnanevAle, tathA galata vacanoM ko rokanavAle prAznika ( sabhAsada) pragraha ke ( lagAma ke) samAna hote haiM ( donoM pakSoM ko niyantrita kara ucita mArga para banAye rakhate haiN)| sabhAsada sAta, pAMca yA tIna hone cAhieM, ve donoM matoM ke vizeSoM ko jAnanevAle hoM, samajhadAra hoM tathA jo cIjeM choDane yogya haiM una se (apazabda Adi se ) dUra rahanevAle hoN| kahA bhI hai - jinhoM ne kaI bAda dekhe

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-- 1.92] sabhAsada prAni saptabhirbhAvyamathavA paJcabhitribhiH / matadvayavizeSajJaiH vyNbhiirusmaasaiH|| 53 / / tathA coktm| dRSTavAdaiH zrutajyeSThaiH tribhiH paJcabhireva vaa| mAdhyasthyAdiguNopetaiH bhavitavyaM parIkSakaiH // 54 // alAbhe ekenApi pryaaptm| nArthasaMbandhino nAptA na sahAyA na vairiNaH / na dRSTadoSA madhyasthA na vyAdhyArtA na dUSitAH // 55 // vAdinI spardhayed vRtto sabhyaiH sAretarekSibhiH / rAjJA ca viniyantavyau tatsAMnidhyaM vRthAnyathA // 56 // AjJAgAmbhIryadAtRtvavivekanidhibhartRkAm / sabhAmAnivizenneyAdanizaM bahunAyikAm / / 57 / / / ajJAtatattvacetobhiH duraagrhmliimsaiH| yuddhameva bhavet goSThayAM daNDAdaNDi kacAkaci // 58 // haiM, jina kA adhyayana baDhA caDhA hai, tathA jo taTasthatA Adi guNoM se yukta haiM aise tIna yA pAMca parIkSaka ( sabhAsada) hone cAhieM / yadi (aise adhika parIkSaka ) na mile to eka bhI kAphI hotA hai / sabhAsada (vAdI athavA prativAdI se) dhana ke mAmaloM meM saMbaMdhita (karjadAra yA sAhUkAra) na hoM, ve una ke riztedAra na hoM, mitra na hoM tathA zatru bhI na hoM, ve doSa dekhanevAle, roga se dukhI yA anya doSa se dUSita na hoM, taTastha hoN| (anumAna kA) sAra tathA nissAra honA jAnanevAle sabhAsadoM se ghirA huA rAjA vAdI tathA prativAdI meM vAda karAye, rAjA unheM niyantrita bhI kare (svaira bartAva na karane de) anyathA usa kA samIpa honA vyartha hogaa| aisI sabhA meM jAnA cAhie jisa kA svAmI (rAjA) AjJA denevAlA, gambhIra, udAra, va vivekazIla ho / aisI sabhA meM kabhI na jAye jisa meM bahutase netA hoM (yadi bahutase netA hote haiM to una meM Apasa meM na paTane para vAda meM vighna Ate haiN)| jina ke mana meM tattvoM kA jJAna nahIM hai, jo durAgraha se malina haiM aise logoM ke sAtha carcA karane meM DaNDe mAra kara tathA keza ghasITa kara laDAI hI hotI

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82 uktaM ca / rAjA viplavako yatra sabhyAzcAsamavRttayaH / tatra vAdaM na kurvIta sarvajJo'pi yadi svayam // 59 // [ 93. pakSapAtanindA ] ayathArthaM bruvatAM sabhya sabhApatInAM nindA nigadyate / yuktAyuktamatikramya pakSapAtAvadeda yadi / brahmanAdadhikaM duHkhaM narakeSu samaznute // 60 // brahmaghnAnAM ca ye lokA ye ca strIvAlaghAtinAm / mitrAM kRtanAnAM te te svato'nyathA / / 61 // pakSapAtAd vaded yo'pi guNadoSAtilaGghanAt / so'pi brahmavighAtena yaduHkhaM tadbhajatyasau / / 62 / / api ca / apUjyA yatra pUjyante pUjyAnAmavamAnanA / taMtra daivakRto daNDaH sadyaH patati dAruNaH // 63 // hai (vAstavika vicAravimarza nahI ho sakatA ) / kahA bhI hai gaDabaDI paidA karatA ho tathA sabhAsada samAna bhAva na rakhate ho ( pakSapAtI hoM ) vahAM vAdI svayaM sarvajJa bhI ho to bAda na kare ( kyoM ki aise bAda meM pakSapAta se nirNaya hotA hai, vAdI ke jJAna kA koI upayoga nahI hotA ) / pakSapAta kI nindA jahAM rAjA asatya bolanevAle sabhAsada tathA sabhApati kI nindA isa prakAra kI jAtI hai / yadi ( sabhApati yA sabhAsada ) yogya aura ayogya ko choDa kara pakSapAta se bolatA hai to vaha brAhmaNa kI hatyA karanevAle se bhI adhika duHkha naraka meM prApta karatA hai / asatya bolanevAle ko vahI gati prApta hotI hai jo brAhmaNa kI hatyA karanevAloM ko, strI tathA baccoM kI hatyA karanevAloM ko tathA mitroM kI hatyA karanevAle kRtanna logoM ko prApta hotI hai / guNa aura doSa ko choDa kara jo bhI pakSapAta se bolatA hai vaha koI bhI ho, use vahI duHkha prApta hotA hai jo brAhmaNa kI hatyA karanevAle ko milatA hai / aura bhI kahA hai-jahAM pUjya logoM kA apamAna hotA hai aura apUjya logoM kA Adara hotA hai vahAM tatkAla devakRta daNDa kA AghAta hotA hai | jahAM jahAM vidvAnoM pramAprameyam [1.93

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-1.94] vAdI aura prativAdI vidvadyogairavidvAMso yatra yatra prpuujitaaH| tatra sadyaH satAM mRtyuH arthahAniH prajAyate // 64 // vyAdhiH pIDA manoglAniranAvRSTirbhayaM tataH / pakSapAtaM vinA tattvajJAninaM mAnayeda bhRzam / / 65 / rAjye saptAGgasaMpattirAyuHsaukhyAbhivardhanam / suvRSTiH suphalaM kSemamArogyaM tatprapUjanAt // 66 // yo dadyAdAzrayAnnAdi tatvayAthAtmyavedine / sa bhuktvA yAti nirvANamanyebhyo bhavasaMtatiH // 6 // kuta etat / ajJAnopAstirajJAnaM jJAnaM jJAnisamAzrayaH / dadAti yahi yasyAsti suprasiddhamidaM vacaH // 68 // ityuktatvAt // ( iSTopadeza zlo. 23) [94. vAdiprativAdinau ] vaadilkssnnmucyte| viditasvaparaitihyaH kavitApratipattimAn kSamI vaagmii| anuyukte prativaktA kRtapakSaparigraho vAdI // 69 / / momaamana ke sAtha avidvAnoM kA bhI Adara ho vahAM tatkAla sajjanoM kI mRtyu tathA dhana kI hAni hotI hai, tathA roga, duHkha, mana kI udAsI, anAvRSTi aura bhaya hotA hai / isa lie pakSapAta na karate hue tattvajJAnI kA bahuta sammAna karanA cAhie / tattvajJAnI ke Adara se rAjya meM sAtoM aMgoM kI prApti hotI haiM, Ayu aura sukha baDhatA hai, acchI varSA hotI hai tathA phala acchA milatA hai, sarvatra kuzala tathA Arogya rahatA hai / tattvoM ke vAstavika jJAtA ko jo Azraya, anna Adi detA hai vaha upabhoga prApta kara anta meM nirvANa prApta karatA hai, dUsare loga saMsAra kI paraMparA meM hI bhramaNa karate rahate haiM / aisA kyoM kahate haiM ? kahA bhI hai- ajJAna kI upAsanA se ajJAna prApta hotA hai tathA jJAnI ke Azraya se jJAna milatA hai, yaha vacana muprasiddha hai ki jisa ke pAsa jo ho vahI vaha de sakatA hai| vAdI aura prativAdI aba bAdI kA lakSaNa kahate haiM - apane tathA dUsare (pratipakSI) ke

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84 pramAprameyam [1.95prativAdilakSaNamucyate / kSamI svaparapakSazaH kavitAprattipattimAn / anUdya dUSako vAde prativAdI prazastavAk / / 70 // iti caturaGgAni // [95. caturvidhe vAde tAtvikavAdaH] idAnIM caaturvidhymucyte| tAttvikaH prAtibhazcaiva niyatArthaH parArthanaH / yathAzAstraM pravRtto'yaM vivAdaH syAccaturvidhaH // 71 // tatra tAttvika ucyte| yatraitA na prayujyante nissphlaashchljaatyH| uktA api na doSAya sa vAdastAviko bhavet // 72 // yAvanto dUSaNAbhAsAste zAstre chalajAtayaH / te cAtmaparatattvasya siddhayasiddhayorahetavaH // 73 / vRttAnta ko jAnanevAlA, kavitA ko samajhanevAlA, sahanazIla,, bolane meM nipuNa, prazna kiye jAne para uttara denevAlA tathA kisI pakSa kA jisane svIkAra kiyA hai vaha vAdI hotA hai / aba prativAdI kA lakSaNa kahate haiM - sahanazIla, apane tathA dUsare (pratipakSI) ke pakSa ko jAnanevAlA, kavitA ko samajhanevAlA, prazaMsanIya vacanoM kA prayoga karanevAlA tathA vAda meM (vAdI ke kathana ko) duharA kara usa meM doSa batalAnevAlA prativAdI hotA hai| isa prakAra (vAda ke) cAra aMgoM kA varNana pUrA huaa| tAttvika vAda ___aba (vAda ke) cAra prakAroM kA varNana karate haiN| zAstra ke anusAra honevAlA yaha vivAda cAra prakAra kA hotA hai - tAttvika, prAtibha, niyatArtha tathA parArthana / una meM tAttvika vAda kA varNana isa prakAra hai / jisa meM chala, jAti ityAdi niSphala bAtoM kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jAtA tathA karane para bhI jahAM ve (pratipakSI ke lie) doSa ke kAraNa nahIM hote usa vAda ko tAttvika vAda kahate haiM | zAstra meM jitane jhUThe dUSaNa haiM ve chala, jAti Adi apane tattva ko siddha karane ko lie yA pratipakSI ke tattva ko asiddha batalAne ke

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prAtibhAvAda tAttvikavAde jayaparAjayavyavasthA kathyate / vAdinA sAdhane prokta doSamudbhAvya saadhnm| svapakSe prativAdI cet brUte vAdI nigRhyate // 74 / / tadhetau doSamudbhAvya svapakSe sAdhanaM punH| vaktuM nezaH pravAdI syAt yadA sAmyaM tayorbhavet // 75 // vAdyukte sAdhane doSo nekSyate'sat prayujyate / pareNa vAdinoddhAre prativAdI nigRhyate // 76 // taduddharaNasAmarthyAbhAve sAmyaM tayorbhavet // [96. prAtibhavAdaH] prAtibha ucyte| syAt padyagadyabhASANAM mishraamishraadibhedtH| niyatezcAkSarAdInAM prAtibho'nekavartmanaH // 7 // lie kAraNa nahIM ho sakate / aba tAttvika vAda meM jaya aura parAjaya kI vyavasthA batalAte haiM / vAdI dvArA (apane pakSa kI siddhi ke lie) hetu batAye jAne para prativAdI usa meM doSa batA kara apane pakSa meM hetu batalAye to vAdI parAjita hotA hai / yadi vAdI dvArA batAye gaye hetu meM doSa batAne ke bAda prativAdI apane pakSa meM hetu na batA sake to donoM meM samAnatA hotI hai / vAdI dvArA batAye gaye hetu meM doSa na dikhAI de aura prativAdI jhUThA dUSaNa batAye tathA vAdI usa jhUThe dUSaNa kA uttara de de to prativAdI parAjita hotA hai| yadi vAdI usa jhUThe dUSaNa kA uttara na de sake to una donoM meM samAnatA hotI hai| prAtibha vAda __aba prAtibha vAda kA varNana karate haiM / padya, gadya, bhASA, mizra,amizra, akSara Adi ke niyamoM se aneka prakAra kA prAtibha vAda hotA hai / vacanoM kI viziSTa racanA yaha isa kA svarUpa hai aura yaha vaktA ke abhyAsa se saMbhava hotA hai / ataH tattva kA nirNaya karanevAloM ke lie usa kI kuchabhI upayogitA nahI hai / (vastutaH ise vAda na kaha kara kAvyapratibhA kI spardhA kahanA cAhie; eka yA do hI akSaroM kA prayoga kara zloka likhanA, rUkSa

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pramAprameyam [1.97 vacogumphavizeSo'yaM vkturbhyaassNbhvii| tattvanirNayakartRNAM na tasyaivopayogitA // 78 // [97. niyatArthavAdaH] niyatArtha ucyte| hetudRSTAntadoSeSu pratijJAtaikadoSataH / niyatArthaH pratijJAtakakSAyAM bhagavAhanam // 79 // prAtibhe niyatArthe vA jayaH syAnniyamoktitaH / niyamasya vidhAtena bhaGgo vAdipravAdinoH // 80 // [98. parArthanavAdaH] parArthana ucyate / prativAdyAnulomyena bhUpasabhyArthanena vaa| parArthano bhaved vAdaH parasyecchAnuvartanAt // 81 // mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm viSaya kA padya meM varNana karanA, lalita viSaya kA gadya meM varNana karanA, do bhASAoM ke mizraNa se racanA karanA Adi prakAroM kI spardhAeM rAjasabhAoM meM prAyaH hotI thIM)! niyatArtha vAda aba niyatArtha vAda kA varNana karate haiM / hetu athavA dRSTAnta ke doSoM meM kisI eka doSa (ko batalAne ) kI pratijJA karane para usa pratijJA kI parAidha meM (pratipakSI kI bAta ko) nirasta karanA yaha niyatArtha vAda hai (pratipakSI kA hetu asiddha batalA kara maiM use parAjita karUMgA athavA viruddha batalA kara parAjita karUMgA isa prakAra niyama kara ke usI ke anusAra pratipakSI ko uttara denA yaha niyatArtha vAda kA svarUpa hai ) / prAtibha bAda meM tathA niyatArtha vAda meM niyama ke anusAra bolane para vAdI-prativAdI kA vijaya hotA hai tathA niyama toDane para parAjaya hotA hai / parArthana vAda ___ aba parArthana vAda kA varNana karate haiM / prativAdI ke anurodha ko svIkAra karane se athavA rAjA yA kisI sabhAsada ke nivedana para jo vAda

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-1*99] patra kA lakSaNa parArthe tAtvikasyeva syAtAM jayaparAjayau / kathAyA avasAno'pi jayAjayasamAptitaH // 82 // [ 99. patralakSaNam ] idAnIM patrAvalambanaviSayaH / patralakSaNamucyate / mAtsaryeNa vivAdasya vRttau vAdipravAdinoH / patrAvalambanaM tatra bhavennAnyatra kutracit // 83 // tattanmataprasiddhAGgaM gUDhArtha gUDhasattvakam / sveprasAdhakaM vAkyaM nirdoSaM patramuttamam // 84 // prasiddhAvayavaM gUDhapadaprAyaM suzabdakam / sveSTaprasAdhakaM vAkyaM nirvyagraM patramucyate // 85 // uktaM ca / prasiddhAvayavaM vAkyaM sveSTasyArthasya sAdhakam / sAdhugUDhapadaprAyaM patramAhuranAkulam // 86 // ( patraparIkSA pR. 1 ) 87 hotA hai use parArthana kahate haiM kyoM ki vaha dUsare kI icchA ke mAnane se hotA hai / parArthana bAda meM jaya-parAjaya ke niyama tAttvika vAda ke samAna hote haiM tathA jaya athavA parAjaya meM samApta hone para kathA ( usa carcA ) kA -anta hotA hai / patra kA lakSaNa aba patra ke sambandha meM vicAra karegeM / patra kA lakSaNa isa prakAra haivAdI tathA prativAdI meM matsara se yukta (pratipakSI para vijaya prApta karane kI IrSyA se sahita) vivAda ho vahAM patra kA Azraya liyA jAtA hai, anyatra kahIM bhI nahIM / vaha vAkya nirdoSa tathA uttama patra hotA hai jo usa usa mata maiM ( patra kA prayoga karanevAle vAdI ke mata meM ) prasiddha aMgoM se yukta ho, jisa - kA artha tathA tAtparya gUDha ho tathA jo apane iSTa tattva ko siddha karatA ho / jisa meM prasiddha (apane mata kI rIti ke anusAra ) avayava hoM, jisa ke zabda acche kintu prAyaH gUDha ho tathA jo apane iSTa tattva ko siddha karatA ho usa vAkya ko nirdoSa patra kahate haiM / kahA bhI hai- prasiddha avayavoM se yukta, apane - iSTa artha ko siddha karanevAlA tathA acche kintu prAyaH gUDha zabdoM se banA huA vAkya nirdoSa patra hotA hai /

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pa 88 pramAprameyam [1.10.0---- [100. patrasya aGgAni] paJcAvayavAn yogazcaturo mImAMsakazca sAMkhyastrIn / jaino dvau la ca bauddhastvekaM hetuM nirUpayati // 87 // api ca jainamate citraadydntraanniiymaarekaantaatmktvtH| yaditthaM na taditthaM na yathA kiMciditi trayaH // 88 // ( patraparIkSA pR. 10) - wwwmar ..... patra ke aMga patra ( meM varNita anumAna vAkya ke pAMca avayava hone cAhieM aisA naiyAyika kahate haiM, mImAMsaka cAra, sAMkhya tIna, jaina do tathA bauddha kevala hetu isa eka hI avayavaM ko Avazyaka samajhate haiM / kahIM kahIM jaina mata meM bhI (yahAM kI eka paMkti kA artha nIce dekhie ) jo aisA nahIM hai vaha aisA nahIM hotA jaise amuka ye tIna avayava hote haiM (udAharaNArtha-jo dhUmayukta nahI hai vaha agniyukta nahI hotA jaise sarovara / aura yaha vaisA hai aisA kahane para cAra avayava hote haiM (udA0-aura yaha parvata dhUmayukta hai ) / isalie vaha aisA hai aisA kahane para pAMca avayava hote haiM ( udA0 -isalie yaha parvata agniyukta hai ) aisA varNana bhI pAyA jAtA hai| (citrAt Adi paMkti kA spaSTIkaraNa-yahAM ke tIna zabdoM kA spaSTI-- karaNa vidyAnandi svAmI ke kathanAnusAra isa prakAra hai-citra arthAt eka,, aneka, bheda, abheda, nitya, anitya Adi vividhatAoM ko atati arthAt vyApta karatA hai vaha citrAt arthAt anekAntAtmaka hai; yadanta kA artha vizva hai kyoM ki sarvanAmoM kI gaNanA meM vizva zabda ke bAda yad zabda AtA hai, yad jisake bAda meM AtA hai vaha yadanta arthAt vizva zabda hai; rANIya arthAt kahane yogya kyoM ki rA dhAtu kA artha zabda karanA yaha hotA hai; yadantarANIya arthAt yadanta isa zabda dvArA kahane yogya arthAt vizva; yadantarANIyam citrAt arthAt vizva anekAttAtmaka hai; ArekA arthAt saMzaya, ArekAnta arthAt prameya kyoM ki nyAyadarzana ke prathama sUtra meM varNita solaha padArthoM meM prameya ke bAda saMzaya zabda

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- 1.101] patra kA svarUpa tathA cedamiti prokte catvAro'vayavA matAH / tasmAna tatheti nirdeze paJca patrasya kasyacit // 89 // ( uparyukta ) iti nirdezo'pyasti // [ 101. patrasvarUpam ] 89. cAyante vA padAnyasmin parebhyo vijigISuNA / kutazciditi patraM syAlloke zAstre ca ruditH|| 90 // ( patraparIkSA pR. 2 mukhyaM padAnvayaM vAkyaM lipyAmAropyate lipeH / patrasthatvAcca tat patram upacAropacArataH // 91 // tatpatreNa kIdRkSeNa bhavitavyamityukte vakti / sauvarNa rAjataM tAmraM bhUrjapatramathAparam / sveSTaprasAdhakaM patraM rAjadvAre zubhAvaham // 92 // kA ullekha hai; ArekAntAtmakatva arthAt prameyAtmakatva arthAt prameyatva ArekAntAtmakatvataH arthAt prameyatva ke kAraNa; isa prakAra pUre vAkya kA tAtparya huA- yadantarANIyam (vizva) citrAt ( anekAntAtmaka hai ) ArekAntAtmakatvataH ( kyoM ki vaha vizva prameya hai, saba prameya anekAntAtmaka hote. haiM ataH vizva anekAntAtmaka hai ) / patra kA svarUpa vijaya kI icchA rakhanevAlA (vAdI) prativAdI se apane padoM (zabdoM) kI isa meM kisI taraha rakSA karatA hai ( gUDha zabdoM kA prayoga kara ke prativAdI se apane vAkya kI rakSA karatA hai) isa lie ise ( isa gUDha vAkya ( ko ) logoM ke vyavahAra meM tathA zAstra carcA meM rUDhi ke kAraNa patra kahate haiM ( pa pada tathA tra rakSaka ataH patra = padoM kA rakSaka aisA yahAM zabda - ccheda kiyA hai ) / mukhyataH vAkya zabdoM se banatA hai, lipi meM vAkya hone kA Aropa kiyA jAtA hai ( vAkya ke zabda lipi meM aMkita kiye jAne para vyavahAra se una lipi - cinhoM ko bhI vAkya kahA jAtA hai ) tathA ye lipicinha patra para aMkita hote haiM ataH upacAra ke bhI upacAra se usa patra ko bhI vAkya kahate haiM (aura isa taraha vAdI dvArA prayukta gUDha vAkya ko patra yaha saMjJA milatI hai ) / vaha patra kaisA honA cAhiye yaha pUchane para uttara

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pramAprameyam zrItAlaM kharatAlaM vA patraM sveSTArthasAdhakam / vitastihastamAtraM vA rAjadvAre zubhAvaham // 93 // [ 102. patravicAre jayaparAjayau ] 90 jJAtapatrArthako vidvAn patrasthamanumAnakam / anUdya dUSaNaM brUyAnnAnyadarthAntarokitaH // 94 // aGgIkRtaM vastu vihAya vidvAn bhIteH prasaMgAntaramarthamAha / tadAsya kRtvA vacanoparodhaM svapakSasiddhAvitaro yateta // 95 // patrArtha na vijAnAti yadi saMpRcchatAM paraH / so'pi samyag vadet svArthe tato dUSaNabhUSaNe // 96 // asaMketA prasiddhAdipadaiH patrArthabodhanam / pravAdino na jAyeta tAvatA na parAjayaH // 97 // [1.102 dete haiM / apane iSTa tattva ko siddha karanevAlA zubhasUcaka patra sone kA, cAMdI kA, tAMbe kA athavA mUrjavRkSa kA ho sakatA hai, use rAjasabhA ke dvAra para (prastuta kiyA jAtA hai ) / rAjasabhA ke dvAra para zubhasUcaka patra apane iSTa artha ko siddha karanevAlA honA cAhiye, vaha zrItAla athavA kharatAla vRkSa kA bhI ho sakatA hai, vaha eka bAlizta yA eka hAtha lambA honA cAhiye / patra ke viSaya meM jaya aura parAjaya kI vyavasthA patra ke artha ko jAna kara ( pratipakSI ) vidvAna patra meM varNita anumAna ko duharAe tathA usa meM doSa batAye, anya carcA na kare kyoM ki vaha ( dUsare viSaya kI carcA karanA) viSayAntara hogA / ( patra meM ) lI huI bAta ko choDa kara ( pratipakSI ) vidvAna ( parAjaya ke ) Dara se viSayAntara karake koI cAkya kahe to usa ke bolane ko roka kara dUsarA (patra kA prayoga karanevAlA cAdI) apane pakSa ko siddha karane kA prayatna kare / pUchane para bhI yadi pratipakSI patra ke artha ko na samajhe to vAdI apane artha ko yogya rIti se batalAye, usake bAda doSa aura guNoM kI carcA kI jAya / saMketarahita " ( ve zabda jina kA viziSTa artha meM prayoga rUDha nahIM hai ) athavA aprasiddha " ( ve zabda jina kA prayoga prAyaH nahIM hotA ) zabdoM ke kAraNa pratirakSI patra 'ke artha ko na samajha sake to utane se hI usa kA parAjaya nahIM hotA /

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-1.104] vAda aura jalpa [103. vAdajalpau] sAdhanaM dUSaNaM cApi samyageva prayujyate / pakSavaipakSayoryasmin sa vAdaH prikiirtitH||98 // yasmin vicAre pakSavipakSayoryathAkramam samyaksAdhanadUSaNe eva prayujyate sa vicAro vAda iti parikIrtyate / ukto vAdaH / idAnIM jalpa ucyate / samyageva tadajJAne tadAbhAso'pi yujyate / pakSavaipakSayoryatra sa jalpaH paribhASyate // 99 // yatra vicAre pakSavipakSayoryathAkramaM samyageva sAdhanadUSaNe prayujyete, tayoraparijJAne sAdhanadaSaNAbhAsAvapi prayujyate sa vicAro alpa iti ' paribhASyate // [104. kathAcatuSkam ] ukto jalpaH / idAnIM tayoH vitaNDe ucyate / vipakSasthApanAhInI vAdajalpo prakIrtitau / vitaNDe iti zAstreSu nyAyamArgeSu sabudhaiH // 100 // vAda aura jalpa jisa meM pakSa meM aura vipakSa meM yogya sAdhanoM aura yogya dRSaNoM kAhI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai use vAda kahate haiN| arthAta jisa vicAravimarza meM apane pakSa meM yogya sAdhanoM kA hI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai tathA pratipakSa meM yogya dUSaNa hI diye jAte haiM use vAda kahA jAtA hai / isa prakAra vAda kA varNana huaa| jalpa kA varNana karate haiM / jisa meM pakSa aura vipakSa meM yogya sAdhanoM aura yogya dUSaNoM kA hI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai kintu una yogya sAdhana-dUSaNoM kA jJAna na hone para sAdhanAbhAsa tathA dUSaNAbhAsa kA bhI prayoga hotA hai use jalpa kahate haiM / arthAta jisa vicAravimarza meM apane pakSa meM yogya sAdhanoM kA hI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai kintu yogya sAdhana na sUjhane para sAdhanAbhAsa kA bhI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai tathA pratipakSa meM yogya dUSaNa hI diye jAte haiM kintu yogya dUSaNa na sUjhane para dUSagAbhAsa bhI prayukta kiye jAte haiM use jalpa kahA jAtA hai / kathA ke cAra prakAra Upara jalpa kA varNana kiyA / aba una donoM (vAda aura jalpa) kI

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92 pramAprameyam [1.104 vAdaH pratipakSasthApanAhIno yadi tada vaadvitnnddaa| jalpo'pi vipakSasthApanAhInat jalpavitaNDA syAditi nyAyamArgeSu sadbudhaiH udyotakarAdibhiH catasraH kathAH parikIrtitAH / tatra vItarAgakathe vAdavitaNDe nirNayAntataH / vijigISukathe jalpavitaNDe tadabhAvataH // 101 // vAdavAdavitaNDe vItarAgakathe bhavataH / guruziSyaiH viziSTavidvadbhirvA zreyo'rthibhiH tattvabubhutsubhiH amatsarairanyatarapakSanirNayaparyantaM kriyamANatvAt / japajalpavitaNDe vicigISukathe syAtAm / vAdiprativAdisabhApatiprAznikAGgatvAt / lAbhapUjAkhyAtikAmaiH samatsaraiH tattvajJAnasaMra vitaNDAoM kA varNana karate haiM / jisa vAda aura jalpa meM pratipakSa kI sthApanA nahIM kI jAtI unheM acche vidvAna nyAya - mArga ke zAstroM meM vitaNDA kahate haiM / arthAt - bAda meM yadi pratipakSa kI sthApanA na ho to vaha vAdavitaNDA hotI hai tathA jalpa meM pratipakSa kI sthApanA na ho to vaha jalpavitaNDA hotI hai aisA nyAya ke mArga meM acche vidvAnoM ne - udyotakara Adi ne kahA hai, isa prakAra kathA ke cAra prakAra hote haiM (vAda, vAdavitaNDA, jalpa tathA jalpavitaNDA ) / ina meM vAda tathA vAdavitaNDA ( tattva ke ) nirNaya hone taka kI jAtI haiM ataH ye vItarAga kathAeM haiM tathA jalpa aura jalpavitaNDAmeM usa kA abhAva hai ( tattva kA nirNaya mukhya na ho kara vAdI kA jaya athavA parAjaya mukhya hai, vAdI kA jaya hote hI vaha samApta hotI hai ) ataH ye kathAeM vijigISu kathAeM haiM / vAda tathA vAdavitaNDA ye vItarAga kathAeM haiM kyoM ki ye guruziSyoM meM athavA una viziSTa vidvAnoM meM ke icchuka, tattva jAnane ke lie utsuka tathA matsara se dUra hote haiM, ye kathAeM eka pakSa ke nirNaya hone taka kI jAtI haiM ( ina meM kisI kI hAra yA jIta kA prazna nahIM hotA, kaunasA tattva satya hai yaha nirNaya hotA hai ) | jalpa aura jalpavitaNDA ye vijigISu kathAeM haiM, ina meM vAdI, prativAdI, sabhApati tathA prAznika (parIkSaka sabhAsada ) ye cAroM aMga hote haiM, lAbha, Adara tathA kIrti kI icchA rakhanevAle matsarI vAdI ( apane pakSa ke ) tattvavarNana ke rakSaNa ke lie ye kathAeM karate haiM tathA prativAdI ke parAjaya taka hI ye kathAe~ hotI haiM jo kalyANa

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- 1.105] kathA ke tIna prakAra kSaNArthibhiH prativAdiskhalanamAtraparyantaM kriyamANatvAcca / iti kazcidpazcimo vipazcit kathAcatuSTayam acIkathat // [105. kathAtritayam ] tathA pramANatarkasAdhanopAlambhaH siddhAntAviruddhaH paJcAvayavopapatraH pakSapratipakSaparigraho vAdaH ( nyAyasUtra 1-2-1) chalajAtinigrahasthAna sAdhanopAlambhaH siddhAntAviruddhaH paJcAvayavopapannaH pakSapratipakSaparigraho jalpaH / jalpa eva pratipakSasthApanAhIno vitaNDA / tattvajJAnArtha vAdaH / tattvajJAnasaMrakSaNArtha jalpavitaNDe bIjaprarohasaMrakSaNArtha kaNDikazAkhAvaraNavat / tathA hi / jalpavitaNDe vijigISuviSaye tattvajJAnasaMrakSaNArtha kI jAtI haiN| isa prakAra kisI zreSTha vidvAna ne kathA ke cAra prakAroM kA varNana kiyA hai| kathA ke tIna prakAra jisa meM pramANa aura tarka ke dvArA sAdhana aura dUSaNa upasthita kiye jAte haiM, jo siddhAnta ke viruddha nahIM hotA, pAMca avayayoM se saMpanna hotA hai tathA pakSa aura pratipakSa ko svIkAra kara ke kiyA jAtA hai use vAda kahate haiN| jisa meM chala, jAti, tathA nigrahasthAnoM dvArA bhI sAdhana aura dUSaNa diye jAte haiM, jo siddhAnta ke viruddha nahIM hotA, pAMca avayavoM se saMpanna hotA hai, tathA pakSa aura pratipakSa ko svIkAra karake kiyA jAtA hai use jalpa kahate haiN| jalpa meM hI yadi pratipakSa kI sthApanA na kI jAya to use vitaNDA kahate haiM / vAda tattva ke jJAna ke lie hotA hai / jisa prakAra bIja se nikale hue aMkura ke rakSaNa ke lie kA~TobharI bADa lagAI jAtI hai usI taraha tattvajJAna ke saMrakSaNa ke lie jalpa aura vitaNDA hote haiN| jalpa aura vitaNDA vijaya kI icchA se kiye jAte haiM, kyoM ki ve tattvajJAna ke saMrakSaNa ke lie hote haiM, cAra aMgoM se (vAdI, prativAdI, sabhApati tathA sabhAsadoM se) saMpanna hote haiM, lAbha, satkAra tathA kIrti ke icchuka logoM dvArA kiye jAte haiM, matsarI vAdiyoM dvArA kiye jAte haiM, prativAdI kI galatI hote hI samApta kiye jAte haiM, chala ityAdi se sahita hote haiM, isa saba ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM zrIharSa kI kathA ( jalpa aura vitaNDA) samajhanI caahie|

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pramAprameyam [1.106-~tvAt caturaGgatvAt lAbhapUjAkhyAtikAmaiH pravRttattvAt samatsaraiH kRtatvAt prativAdiskhalitamAtraparyavasAnatvAt chalAdirahitatvAt zrIharSakathAvat / tathA vAdastatvAdhyavasAyasaMrakSaNarahitAdimAn caturaGgAdirahitatvAt zrIharSakathAvat iti pUrvapUrvaprasAdhyatve itare paJca hetutvena draSTavyAH / tat sakalahetusamarthanArtha ca vAdastatvAdhyavasAyasaMrakSaNarahitAdimAn avijigISuviSayatvAt zrIharSakathAvat ityaparaH kazcit tArkikaH kathAtrayaM pratyatiSTipat tadetat sarva krameNa vicAryate // [106. vAdalakSaNakhaNDanam ] tatra prAcInapakSe sAdhanaM dUSaNaM cApi samyageva prayujyate iti vAdalakSaNam asamaJjasam / vAdinA pakSahetudRSTAntadopavarjitasatsAdhanopanyAse prativAdinaH sadSaNodbhAvanAsaMbhavAt / prativAdinAvyAptipakSa (isa ke pratikUla) vAda meM tattva ke nizcaya kA saMrakSaNa Adi uparyukta bAteM nahI hotI, kyoM ki cAra aMgoM se saMpanna honA Adi sayuMkta bAteM usa me nahIM hotI, isa ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM zrIharSa kI kathA (vAda ) samajhanA caahie| ina uparyukta ( tattva kA saMrakSaka honA Adi pAMca ) bAtoM meM pahalI sAdhya ho to bAda kI usa kI sAdhaka hetu hotI hai aisA samajhanA cAhie / ina sabhI hetuoM kA samarthana isa prakAra hotA hai - vAda meM tattva ke nizcaya kA saMrakSaNa Adi bAteM nahIM hotI kyoM ki vaha vijaya kI icchA se nahIM kiyA jAtA udAharaNArtha - zrIharSa kI kathA (vaad)| isa prakAra kisI dusara tArkika ( tarkazAstrajJa vidvAna) ne tIna kathAoM kI sthApanA kI hai| aba ina saba bAtoM kA kramazaH vicAra kreNge| vAda ke lakSaNa kA khaNDana uparyukta vAda-lakSaNa meM pahale pakSa ne yaha kahA hai ki bAda meM sAdhana aura dUSaNa rAcata ho to hI una kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai-yaha kathana susaMgata nahI hai / java vAdI aise ucita sAdhana (hetu) kA prayoga kare jisa meM pakSa, sAdhya yA dRSTAnta kA koI doSa na ho to prativAdI usa hetu meM ucita dRSaNa nahIM batalA sakatA / yadi prativAdI koI aisA ucita dUSaNa. batalAtA hai jisa se hetu kI vyApti meM yA pakSa kA dharma hone meM galatI nizcita

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...1.106 vAdake lakSaNa kA khaNDana 95 dharmatAvaikalyanizcAyakasaddaSaNodabhAvane sthApanAhetoH satsAdhanatvAyogAcca / kathaM dvayoH samyaktvaM jAghaTIti / yadi yathoktasatsAdhanopanyAse'pi sadUSaNodbhAvanaM vobhavIti tarhi na kiMcit satsAdhana syAditi na kasyApi svapakSasiddhiH / sadapaNasyApi satsAdhanapUrvakatvAt tadabhAve tasyApyabhAvaH syAditi sarva viplavate / tasmAdekaviSayasAdhanadUSaNayore kena AbhAsena bhavitavyam / nanu vAde satsAdhanadUSaNopanyAsa ityabhiprAyaniyamo na vastuniyama iti cenna / sthApanAhetoH satsAdhanatvanizcayeprativAdinaH sadrUSaNodabhAvanAbhiprAyAyogAt / svahetau sadvRSaNodbhAvananizcaye vAdinaH satsAdhana prayogAbhiprAyAyogAcca / nanu tadabhAve vAdi. prativAdinoH satsAdhana dRSaNaprayogodbhAvanAbhiprAyo na jAghaTIti iti hAtI ho tA ( usa kA artha yaha hai ki ) ( bAdI dvArA apane pakSa kI) sthApanA ke lie diyA gayA hetu ucita sAdhana nahI ho sktaa| donoM (sAyana aura dUSaNa ) ucita kaise ho sakate haiM / yadi Upara kahe hue prakAra se ucita sAdhana kA prayoga karane para bhI ucita dUSaNa batalAyA jA sakatA ho to koI bhI sAdhana ucita nahI hogA ataH koI bhI apane pakSa ko siddha nahI kara sakegA / ucita dUSaNa bhI tabhI saMbhava hai aba ucita sAdhana ho, yadi ucita sAdhana kA abhAva ho to ucita dUpaNa kA bhI abhAva hogA ataH saba gaDabaDI ho jAyagI / isa lie eka hI viSaya meM jo sAdhana aura dUpaNa prayukta hote haiM una meM eka AbhAsa honA hI cAhie, ( yA to sAdhana. galata hogA yA dUSaNa galata hogA) / yahAM pratipakSI kahate haiM ki bAda meM. ucita sAdhana aura dUSaNa hI prayukta kiye jAne kA (vAdI aura prativAdIkA). AbhiprAya honA cAhie yaha hamArA niyama hai, vastutaH ( ucita hI sAdhana aura dRpaNa hoMge aisA ) niyama nahIM hai, kintu yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai / yadi mUla pakSa kI sthApanA karanevAlA hetu ucita sAdhana hai aisA nizcaya hotA hai to prativAdI ke mana meM ucita duSaNa batalAne kA abhiprAya nahIM ho sktaa| yadi vAdI ko yaha nizcaya ho ki usa ke hetu meM ucita dUSaNa. batalAyA jA sakatA hai to usa kA abhiprAya ucita sAdhana prastuta karane kA nahIM ho sakatA / aisA na ho to vAdI kA abhiprAya ucita sAdhana prastuta karane kA nahIM ho sakegA tathA prativAdI kA abhiprAya ucita dRSaNa batalAne

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pramAprameyam [1.107 cenna / uktaprameye sattAdhanasadbhAve sadUpaNAbhAvaH, sadyaNasadbhAve satsAdhanAbhAvaH iti prAgeva zikSAkAle nizcitatvAt / tato nAbhiprAyaniyamo'pi / na vastuniyama iti svayameva pratyapIpadat atrAsmAkaM na pryaasH| tasmAt vAdalakSaNamayuktaM parasya // [107. jalpalakSaNakhaNDanam / jalpe tadAbhAso'pi yujyata iti ayuktam / jalpasya caturaGgatvena sabhAmadhye kriyamANatvAt tatra tadAbhAsaprayoganiSedhAt / tat kathamiti cet 'svayaM naivAbhidheyAni chalAdIni sabhAntare' ityabhihitatvAt / atha 'ekAntena tadA prApte prayojyAni parAjaye' ityabhidhAnAt tatprayogo kA nahI ho sakegA yaha kathana bhI ThIka nhii| amuka viSaya meM ucita sAdhana saMbhava ho to ucita dUSaNa nahI ho sakatA tathA ucita dUSaNa saMbhava ho to ucita sAdhana nahI ho sakatA yaha to (ve vAdI aura prativAdI) adhyayana ke samaya hI nizcita kara lete hai / ataH ( vAdI aura prativAdI kA) abhiprAya ucita prayoga kA hI hogA yaha niyama bhI nahI ho sakatA / vastutaH ucita hI prayoga hotA hai aisA niyama nahIM hai yaha Apane svayaM kahA hai ataH ise siddha karane kA prayAsa karane kI hameM jarUrata nahIM hai| ataH (vAda meM ucita sAdhana aura ucita dUSaNa hI prayukta hote haiM yaha ) pratipakSI dvArA kahA huA vAda kA lakSaNa ayogya hai / jalpa ke lakSaNa kA khaNDana jalpa meM sAdhana aura dUSaNa ke AbhAsa kA bhI prayoga hotA hai yaha kathana ucita nhii| jalpa cAra aMgoM se ( sabhApati, sabhAsada, vAdI tathA prativAdI se) saMpanna hotA hai tathA sabhA meM kiyA jAtA hai ataH jalpa meM sAdhanAbhAsa tathA dUSaNAbhAsa ke prayoga kA niSedha hai / vaha kisa prakAra hai isa prazna kA uttara hai ki 'svayaM sabhA meM chala ityAdi kA upayoga kabhI nahIM karanA cAhiye ' aisA kahA gayA hai / yahAM zaMkA hotI hai ki 'jahAM parAjaya nizcita pratIta ho vahAM chala Adi sAdhanAbhAsa-dUSaNAbhAsoM kA prayoga karanA cAhiye' isa kathana se chala Adi ke upayoga kA vidhAna bhI milatA hai kintu yaha kathana ucita nahI / aise chala Adi kA prayoga karane

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- 1.108 ] vAda aura jalpa 97 vidhIyata iti cenna / tadudbhAvane parAjayasyAvazyaMbhAvitvena tatprayogAprayogAt / nanu anudbhAvane sAmyaM bhaviSyatIti dhiyA prayujyata iti cenna / satsAdhanadUSaNAparijJAnAt tadAbhAsaprayogodbhAvanasya ca vAde'pi samAnatvAt / ityativyApakaM jalpasya lakSaNam / kiM ca ' varjanodbhAvane caiSAM svavAkyaparavAkyayoH' ityabhidhAnAt tadvarjanasyaiva vidhAnaM na tatprayogasya / nanu paravAkye tadudbhAvanAnyathAnupapatteH jalpe tatprayogo'stIti cenna / satsAdhana dUSaNAparijJAnAt tatprayogasya vAde'pyavizeSAt // [108. vAdajalpayoH abhedaH ] tasmAt samyak sAdhanadUSaNavatvena vAdAnna bhidyate jalpaH / tad para jaba prativAdI usa kA dUSita svarUpa spaSTa karatA hai taba parAjaya nizcita hotA hai ataH chala Adi ke prayoga kA vidhAna ThIka nahIM hai / yadi prativAdI doSa na batA sake to vAdI prativAdI meM samAnatA siddha hogI isa icchA se chala Adi kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai yaha kathana bhI ucita nahIM / ucita sAdhana tathA dUSaNa na sUjhane para sAdhanAbhAsa tathA dUSaNAbhAsa kA prayoga karanA tathA unheM batalAnA bAda meM bhI samAna rUpase pAyA jAtA hai | ataH yaha jalpa kA lakSaNa ativyApaka hai ( usa meM vAda kA bhI samAveza ho jAtA hai ) / ' apane vAkyoM meM chala Adi ko TAlanA cAhie tathA dUsare ke vAkyoM meM ina doSoM ko pahacAna kara prakaTa karanA cAhie isa kathana se bhI chala Adi ko TAlane kA hI vidhAna milatA hai una ke prayoga karane kA nahIM / yadi pratipakSI ke vAkya meM chala Adi na hoM to unheM pahacAnanA saMbhava nahIM, kintu jalpa meM pratipakSI ke vAkya meM ye doSa pahacAnane kA vidhAna haiM, ataH jalpa meM ina kA prayoga bhI hotA hai yaha kathana bhI ucita nahI / ucita sAdhana aura dUSaNa na sUjhane para sAdhanAbhAsa -dUSaNAbhAsoM kA prayoga samAna rUpa se bAda meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai ( ataH isI kAraNa se vAda se japa ko bhinna batalAnA saMbhava nahIM hai ) . / " - vAda aura jalpa meM bheda nahIM hai uparyukta prakAra se jalpa meM bhI ucita sAdhanoM aura ucita dUSaNoM kA hI prayoga hotA hai ataH vaha vAdase bhinna nahIM hai| isI taraha vAdavitaNDA bhI jalpa pra. pra.7

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pramAprameyam [1.108vitaNDApi vAdavitaNDAto na bhidyate / tato vAdo jalpa ityanarthAntaram / tadvitaNDe'pi tathA / tata eva kathAyA vItarAgavijigISuviSayavibhAgo nAstyeva / tathA ca pryogH| kathA vItarAgavijigISuviSayavibhAgarahitA pramANavAkyasAdhanopAlambhatvAt prasiddhavicAravat / ayamasiddho heturiti cenna / vIto vicAraH pramANavAkyasAdhanopAlambhaH satsAdhanadUSaNopetatvAt vastuviSayatvAcca prasiddhavicAravaditi tsiddheH| tathA jalyo vItarAgakathA siddhAntAviruddhArthaviSayatvAt pakSapratipakSaparigrahatvAt nigrahasthAnavattvAcca vAdavat / api ca vAdo vijigISukathA pakSapratipakSaparigrahatvAt nigrahasthAnavatvAt siddhAntAviruddhArthaviSayatvAt jalpavat / atha vitaNDAse bhinna nahI hai| ataH vAda aura jalpameM koI antara nahI hai tathA una kI vitaNDAoM meM bhI antara nahI hai| isIlie vItarAga kathA tathA vijigISu kathA isa prakAra kathA ke viSayoM kA vibhAjanahI ThIka nahI hai| isI ko anumAna prayoga ke rUpa meM batalAte haiM / sarvatra prasiddha vicAravimarza ke samAna kathA meM bhI pramANa vAkya hI sAdhana aura dUSaNa hote haiM ataH kathA meM vItarAga kathA tathA vijigISu kathA isa prakAra viSayoM kA vibhAjana nahI ho sakatA yaha hetu (pramANavAkya hI sAdhana aura dUSaNa honA ) asiddha hai yaha kathana ThIka nahIM kyoM ki ukta vicAra ( kathA ) prasiddha vicAravimarza ke samAna hI ucita sAdhanoM aura ucita dUSaNoM se yukta hotA hai tathA vaha vastu ke viSaya meM hotA hai ataH usa meM sAdhana aura dUSaNa pramANavAkya hI ho sakate haiM isa prakAra ukta hetu siddha hotA hai / isI prakAra (dUsarA anumAnaprayoga ho sakatA hai - ) jalpa bhI vAda ke samAna vItarAga kathA hai kyoM ki vaha siddhAnta se avirodhI vastu ke viSaya meM hotA hai, pakSa aura pratipakSa svIkAra karake kiyA jAtA hai tathA nigrahasthAnoM se yukta hotA hai / isI prakAra vAda bhI jalpa ke samAna vijigISu kathA hai kyoM ki vaha pakSa aura pratipakSa svIkAra kara ke kiyA jAtA hai, nigrahasthAnoM se yukta hotA hai tathA siddhAnta se avirodhI vastu ke viSaya meM hotA hai / vAda nigrahasthAnoM se yukta hotA hai yaha kathana asiddha hai yaha kahanA ThIka nahI kyoM ki vAda bhI jalpa ke samAna vicAra kI samApti taka kiyA jAtA hai ataH vaha nigrahasthAnoM se yukta hotA hI hai / vAda aura

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-1.109] lakSaNa vicAra bAdasya nigrahasthAnavatvamasiddhamiti cenna / vAdo nigrahasthAnavAn ' parisamAptimadvicAratvAt jalpavaditi / kathAyA avizeSeNa vItarAgavijigISuviSayatve 'vItarAgakathe vAdavitaNDe nirnnyaanttH| vijigISukathe jalpavitaNDe tadabhAvataH' ityayaM kathAvibhAgo na jaaghttiiti|| [109. vAdasya pramANasAdhanatvam ] ____ agretanAkSapAdapakSe vAdaH pramANatarkasAdhanopAlambhaH ityatra pramANaM nAma na prtykssm| vipratipanaM prati tasya sAdhanadUSaNayoH asamarthatvAt / nAgamo'pi taM prati tasyApi tAzatvAt / api tu anumaanmev| tadaSyu jalpa donoM taba samApta kiye jAte haiM jaba vicAravimarza meM eka pakSa kA jaya aura dUsare kA parAjaya hotA hai, parAjaya ke kAraNa ko hI nigrahasthAna kahate hai, ataH vAda aura jalpa donoM meM nigrahasthAna hote haiM / kathA meM vItarAga tathA vijigISu isa prakAra kA viSayoM kA viziSTa vibhAjana nahI hotA isa lie 'vAda tathA vAdavitaNDA vItarAga kathAeM haiM kyoM ki ve nirNaya honetaka kI jAtI haiM tathA jalpa aura jalpavitaNDA ye vijigISu kathAeM haiM kyoM ki una meM nirNaya kA abhAva hotA hai' yaha kathA kA vibhAjana ucita siddha nahI hotA / vAda kA sAdhana pramANa hai yaha kathana ucita nahIM pUrvokta naiyAyikoM ke kathana meM vAda ko pramANa aura tarka ina sAdhanadUSaNoM se saMpanna batalAyA hai| yahAM pramANa zabda se pratyakSa pramANa kA tAptaye nahIM ho sakatA kyoM ki vivAda karanevAle ke lie pratyakSa-pramANa sAdhana yA dUSaNa meM samartha nahIM hai (pratyakSa se jJAta vastu ke viSaya meM vAda nahI hotaa)| isI prakAra pramANa zabda se Agama pramANa kA tAtparya bhI nahI ho sakatA kyoM ki isa viSaya meM usa kI bhI vahI sthiti hai (prativAdI ke lie Agama dvArA koI bAta siddha karanA saMbhava nahI kyoM ki use Agama - mAnya hI nahIM hai)| arthAt pramANa zabda se anumAna kA hI tAtparya samajhanA cAhie / vaha anumAna bhI aisA honA cAhiye jisa kI vyAti donoM (vAdI va prativAdI ) ke lie pramANa se siddha ho tathA jo pakSadharmatva se yukta ho| anyathA vaha anumAna apane pakSa kI siddhi yA pratipakSa ke dUSaNa meM samartha

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pramAprameyam [1.110 bhayapramANaprasiddhavyAptikaM pakSadharmatvaviziSTam aGgIkartavyam / anyathAsya svaparapakSasAdhanaduSaNasAmarthyAyogAt // 00 [ 110. vAdasya tarkasAdhanatvam ] tarko'pi vyAptivalamavalamya parasya aniSTApAdanam / sa cobhaya-pramANaprasiddhavyAptikaH anyattara pramANaprasiddhavyAptiko vA / prathamapakSe'sau pramANameva ubhayapramANaprasiddhavyAptikatvAt dhUmAnumAnavat / vIto'sau tarkoM na bhavati ubhayapramANaprasiddhavyAptikatvAt tadvaditi ca / dvitIyapakSe vAdipramANaprasiddhavyAptikaH prativAdipramANaprasiddhavyAptiko vA / tatra prAcInapakSe vipratipatraM prativAdinaM prati tasya svaparapakSasAdhanadUSaNayoH sAmarthyAnupapattiH ttprmaannprsiddhvyaaptipuurvktvaabhaavaat| anyathA nahI ho sakegA / ( ataH vAda kA sAdhana pramANa haiM yaha kathana ucita nahI donoM ko mAnya vyAti para AdhArita anumAna pramANa hI vAda kA sAdhana hotA hai | ) kyA vAda kA sAdhana tarka hotA hai ? ( bAda kA sAdhana tarka hotA hai yaha uparyukta lakSaNa meM kahA hai kintu ) ' tarka kA artha hai vyAti ke bala se pratipakSI ke lie aniSTa bAta ko siddha: karanA / usa tarka kI vyAti yA to ( vAdI aura prativAdI ) donoM ke lie pramANa- prasiddha (pramANarUpa meM mAnya ) hogI athavA do meM se eka ke lie pramANaprasiddha ( tathA dUsare ke lie amAnya ) hogI / pahale pakSa ke anusAra yA tarka kI vyApti (vAdI prativAdI donoM ke lie pramANarUpa meM mAnya ho to yaha tarka bhI dhUma ( se agni ke ) anumAna ke samAna pramANa hI hogA ( ata: pramANa se bhinna rUpa meM usa kA ullekha karanA vyartha hogA ) | yaha kathana tarka nahI hogA (-pramANa hI hogA ) kyoM ki yaha dhUma (se agni ke ) anumAna ke samAna hI donoM (vAdI - prativAdI) ke lie mAnya vyAti para AdhArita hai / dUsare pakSa meM (donoM meM kisI eka ko vaha vyApti mAnya ho to ) yA to usa tarka kI vyApti vAdI ke lie pramANasiddha hogI athavA prativAdI ke lie pramANasiddha hogI / ina meM se pahale pakSa meM jo vivAda kara rahA hai usa ativAdI ke prati yaha tarka apane pakSa ko siddha karane meM yA pratipakSa ko

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-1.110] kyA vAda kA sAdhana tarka hotA hai ? 101 sarveSAmapi svapramANaprasiddhayA svessttaanissttsaadhnduussnnprsNgaat| parAcInapakSe'pi prativAdipramANaprasiddhavyAptikAt tarkAt kathaM vAdI svapakSa pratiSThApayet , pratipakSaM ca nirAkuryAt / vAdinaM prati tarkasya mUlabhUtavyApterabhAvAt / atha parapramANaprasiddhavyAptikAt tarkAt parasya prakRtahAniH aprakRtasvIkArazca vidhIyata iti cet tarhi tarkAt vipakSopAlambha eva syAt, na svapakSasAdhanam / nanu pramANAt sAdhanaM tAMdupAlambha iti yathAsaMkhyAt vyAkhyAnAt tat tathaiveti cet tarhi pramANAdupAlambhAbhAvaH prsjyte| astviti cen| asiddhAdhubhAvane pramANopanyAsadarzanAt / dRSita siddha karane meM samartha nahI ho sakatA kyoM ki usakI vyApti (kevala cAdI ko mAnya hai ) prativAdI ke lie pramANasiddha nahIM hai| anyathA ( yadi kevala vAdI kI mAnyatA se hI usa ke pakSa kI siddhi ho jAya to) sabhI cAdI kevala apane pakSa ke pramANabhUta mAnane se hI apane iSTa pakSa ko siddha kareMge tathA aniSTa (pratipakSa ) ko dUSita siddha kreNge| dUsare pakSa meM bhI jisa tarka kI vyApti kevala prativAdI ko mAnya hai (vAdI ko mAnya nahIM) usa se vAdI apane pakSa ko siddha kaise karegA tathA pratipakSa kA nirAkaraNa kaise kregaa| usa tarka kI mUlabhUta vyApti hI vAdI ko mAnya nahIM hai ( ataH vaha usa se apanA pakSa siddha nahI kara sktaa)| jisa tarka kI vyApti pratipakSI ko mAnya hai usa se pratipakSI ko iSTa tattva kA khaNDana karanA tathA use aniSTa ho usa tattva ko svIkAra karAnA yaha tarka kA kArya hai yaha kahanA bhI ucita nahIM kyoM ki aisA kahane para tarka se sirpha vipakSa meM doSa batalAnA hI saMbhava hogA, apane pakSa ko siddha karanA saMbhava nahIM hogA (jaba ki lakSaNa-sUtra ke anusAra tarka kA upayoga pratipakSakhaNDana tathA svapakSa samarthana ina donoM meM honA caahie)| (mUla sUtra meM pramANa-tarka-sAdhanopAlambha zabda hai isa meM ) pramANa se (svapakSa kA ) sAdhana tathA tarka se (pratipakSa kA) dUSaNa hotA hai isa prakAra kramazaH vyAkhyA karane se yahI bAta ThIka hai aisA kaheM to usa kA pariNAma yaha hogA ki pramANa se (pratipakSa meM) dUSaNa batalAnA saMbhava nahI hogaa| yaha mAnya hai aisA kahanA bhI saMbhava nahIM kyoM ki asiddha Adi (hetvAbhAsoM ke doSa ) batalAne meM pramANoM kA prayoga ( dekhA hI jAtA.

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102 pramAprameyam [1.111 nanu pramANAt sAdhanamupAlambhazca tarkAdupAlambha eveti cenna / pramANa-- tarkasAdhanopAlambha ityatra tathAvidhavibhAganiyAmakatvAbhAvAt / tadayuktaM. vizeSaNam // [ 111. vAdasya siddhAntAviruddhatvam ] siddhAntAviruddha ityatrApi vAdasya vicAratvena vAdiprativAdino: samAnatvAt kasya siddhAntAviruddhaH syAt / na tAvada vAdisiddhAntA~ viruddhaH, prativAdisiddhAntopanyAsasya vAdisiddhAntaviruddhatvAt / na prativAdisiddhAntAviruddho'pi, vAyupanyAsasya prativAdisiddhAntaviruddhatvAt / / nApyubhayasiddhAntAviruddhaH / vAdiprativAdinoH parasparaviruddhArthIpanyAsadarzanAt / tato na kasyApi siddhAntAviruddhaH syAt / tasmAdetad vizeSa-- Namapyayuktam // hai / pramANa sa ( svapakSa kA) sAdhana tathA ( pratipakSa kA) dRSaNa donoM hote haiM aura tarka se kevala ( pratipakSa kA) dRSaNa hotA hai yaha kahanA bhI ThIka nahI kyoM ki pramANatarkasAdhanopAlambha isa zabda meM isa prakAra kA vibhAjana karane kA koI niyamita kAraNa nahIM hai / ataH (vAda ke lakSaNa meM) yaha vizeSaNa ucita nahIM hai| kyA vAda siddhAnta se avirodhI hotA hai ? (uparyukta lakSaNa meM vAda ko) siddhAnta se avirodhI kahA hai yahAM bhI (vicAraNIya hai ki ) vAda meM vicAravimarza hotA hai ataH vaha vAdI aura prativAdI donoM ke lie samAna hai kira use kisa ke siddhAnta se avirodhI kahA jAya ? vaha vAdI ke siddhAnta se avirodhI nahIM ho sakatA kyoM ki prativAdI jaba apane siddhAnta kA varNana karatA hai to vaha vAdI ke siddhAnta ke viruddha hotA hI hai / isI taraha vAda prativAdI ke siddhAnta se avirodhI bhI nahIM ho sakatA kyoM ki bAdI kA varNana prativAdI ke siddhAnta ke viruddha hotA hI hai / vAda ( vAdI aura prativAdI ina ) donoM ke siddhAntoM se avirodhI hotA hai yaha kahanA bhI sambhava nahIM kyoM ki ve vAdI aura prativAdI paraspara viruddha artha kA varNana karate dekhe jAte haiN| ataH vAda kisI ke bhI siddhAnta se avirodhI nahIM hotA / ataH yaha vizeSaNa bhI yogya nahIM hai /

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-1.112] [ 112. vAdasya paJcAvayavatvam ] paJcAvayavopapanna ityatra paJcabhiravayavaiH upapanno niSpanna iti vaktavyam / na ca teSAM mate pRthivyaptejovAyuparamANuyaNukAdivyatirekeNa anye avayavAH santi, na ca vAdastairupapannaH / tasya pArthivAdyavayavitvAbhAvAt vipratipannArthavicArarUpatvAcca vyatireke pttvt| atha pratijJAhetUdAharaNopanayanigamanAnyavayavAH tairupapanno vAda iti cenna / pratijJAdInAM vAkyatvena zabdarUpatvAt, zabdasya ca tanmate AkAzaguNatvena avayavarUpatAbhAvAt / tathA hi / na pratijJAdivAkyAni avayavAH zabdatvAt vINAvAda - navat, sparzAdirahitatvAt guNatvAt amUrtatvAt rUpAdivat / na vAdo'pyavayavaiH upapannaH anavayavitvAt adravyatvAt amUrtattvAt sparzAdirahita svAt rUpAdicat / kiM ca / pratijJAdivAkyAnAmavayavarUpatvAGgIkAre teSAM rUpAdimattvaM tairupapannasyAvayavitvaM prasajyate / tathAhi / pratijJAdivAkyAni vAda ke pAMca avayava vAda ke pAMca avayava vAda ko paMcAvayavopapanna kahA hai / yahAM pAMca avayavoM se upapanna arthAta nirmita honA yaha artha kahanA cAhie kintu una ke mata meM ( nyAyadarzana meM ) pRthvI, jala, teja tathA vAyu ke paramANuoM aura dvayaNukoM Adi se bhinna koI dUsare avayava nahI mAne gaye haiM tathA vAda ina ( paramANu Adi avayavoM ) se nirmita nahIM hotA / vAda pRthvI Adi se nirmita avayavI nahIM hai, vaha vivAdagrasta viSaya ke bAre meM vicAra ke rUpa kA hotA hai, ataH vaha vastra Adi ke samAna avayavoM se niSpanna nahIM hotA / pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana ye pAMca avayava haiM una se bAda niSpanna hotA hai yaha kahanA bhI ThIka nahI kyoM ki pratijJA Adi vAkya hote haiM, ve zabdoM se. nirmita haiM tathA nyAya mata meM zabda ko AkAza kA guNa mAnA hai ataH usa meM avayavoM kA rUpa nahIM ho sakatA / isI ko anumAna ke rUpa meM prastuta karate haiM - pratijJA Adi vAkya avayava nahI ho sakate kyoM ki ve vINAvAdana Adi ke samAna zabda haiM tathA rUpa Adi ke samAna sparzAdi rahita hai tathA guNa haiM evaM amUrta haiM / vAda bhI avayavoM se niSpanna nahIM hotA, vaha avayavI nahIM hai, dravya nahI hai; mUrta nahI hai tathA sparza Adi se rahita haiM ataH rUpa 103

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104 pramAprameyam [1.113 rUpAdimanti avayavayAt tantvAdivat / vAdo'pyavayavidravyam avayavaiH upapannatvAt paTAdivaditi / tasmAt teSAm avayavarUpatA nAGgIkartavyA / tathA ca na vAdaH paJcAvayavopapannaH syAt // [ 113. vAdAnumAnayorbhedaH ] kiM ca / pratijJAdibhirvAkyairanumAnamevopapadyate, na vAdaH / atha anumAnametra vAda iti cenna / anumAnapramANasya vAdavyapadezAbhAvAt / nanu parArthAnumAnasyaiva vAdavyapadeza iti cenna / granthasthAnumAnAnAM parArthAnumAnatve'pi vAdavyapadezAbhAvAt / atha AtmavibhutvavAdaH zabdanityatvavAdaH iti granthasthAnumAnAnAM vAdavyapadezo'stIti cenna / vAdiprati Adi ke samAna vaha bhI avayavoM se nirmita nahIM hai / pratijJA Adi vAkyoM ko avayava mAneM to ve rUpa Adi se yukta siddha hoMge tathA una se nirmita (vAda ) ko avayavI mAnanA hogaa| jaise ki - pratijJA Adi ke vAkya avayava haiM ataH tantu Adi ke samAna ve bhI rUpa Adi se yukta hoMge / vAda avayavoM se nirmita hai ataH vastra Adi ke samAna vaha bhI avayavI dravya siddha hogA | ataH una pratijJA Adi vAkyoM ko avayava nahIM mAnanA cAhie / ataH vAda pAMca avayavoM se niSpanna nahIM hotA / vAda aura anumAna meM bheda dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki pratijJA Adi vAkyoM se anumAna prastuta kiyA jAtA hai - vAda nahI / anumAna hI vAda hai yaha kahanA ThIka nahI kyoM ki anumAna pramANa ko bAda yaha nAma nahIM diyA jAtA / parArtha anumAna ko hI cAda yaha nAma diyA jAtA hai yaha kahanA bhI ThIka nahI kyoM ki granthoM meM likhe hue anumAna parArtha anumAna hote hue bhI unheM vAda nahI kahA jAtA / granthoM meM likhita anumAnoM ko bhI AtmavibhutvavAda, zabdAnityatvavAda isa prakAra vAda yaha nAma diyA jAtA hai yaha kahanA bhI ThIka nahI kyoM ki ( nyAyadarzana ke lakSaNAnusAra ) vAdI aura prativAdI pakSa aura pratipakSa kA * svIkAra kara ke jo vicAra karate haiM use hI vAda kahA jAtA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki anumAna avayavoM se banatA hai isa kathana meM bhI pahale kahA

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- 1.114] bhinna prakAra se pAMca avayavoM kA vicAra 105 cAdibhyAM pakSapratipakSaparigraheNa kriyamANasya vicArasyaiva vAdavyapadezAt / kiM ca / anumAnasyApi avayavairupapannatvAGgIkAre prAktanAzeSadoSaH prasajyate // [ 114. prakArAntareNa paJcAvayavavicAraH ] nanu pakSasAdhanaM pratipakSasAdhana dUSaNaM sAdhanasamarthanaM dUSaNasamarthanaM zabdadoSavarjana miti avayavAH paJca tairupapanno vAda iti cenna / pakSasAdhanAdInAM vAkyatvena zabdarUpatvAt prAktanAzeSadoSAnativRtteH / kiM ca / cAdinA satsAdhanopanyAse prativAdinaH sadUSaNodbhAvanAsaMbhavena tuSNabhAve athavA prativAdyudbhASitA savaNa parihAreNa prativAdinaH tUSNIMbhAve'pi paJcakasyAnupapatteH kathaM tadupapannatvaM vAdasya / athavA prativAdinA sadUSaNodbhAvane vAdinaH sAdhanasamarthanAbhAvena prativAdinA svapakSe huA saMpUrNa doSa ( ki pratijJA Adi vAkya hone se avayava nahIM ho sakate ) prApta hotA hai ( ataH anumAna athavA vAda avayavoM se upapanna hotA hai yaha kathana ThIka nahIM hai ) | bhinna prakAra se pAMca avayavoM kA vicAra apane pakSa ko siddha karanA, pratipakSa kI siddhi meM dUSaNa batalAnA, ( apane ) sAdhana kA samarthana karanA, ( pratipakSa ke ) dUSaNa kA samarthana karanA tathA zabda ke doSoM ko TAlanA ye pAMca avayava haiM, ina se vAda saMyukta hotA hai yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM / pakSa kA sAdhana Adi yeM pAMca avayava bhI vAkyahI haiM ataH zabdoM se bane haiM ataH pUrvoka sabhI doSa yahAM bhI dUra nahI hotA ( ina vAkyoM ko bhI avayava nahIM kahA jA sakatA ) / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jaba vAdI ucita sAdhana prastuta karatA hai tathA prativAdI ucita dUSaNa batalAnA saMbhava na hone se cuna rahatA hai, athavA prativAdI dvArA batAye gaye jhUThe dUSaNa ko dUra karane para jaba prativAdI cuna rahatA hai taba bhI (usa bAda meM) ye pAMca atrayava nahIM ho sakate (kevala pakSasAvana yaha ekahI avayava hogA athavA pakSasAdhana, pratipakSa dUSaNa tathA dUSa gaparihAra ye tIna hI avayava hoMge ) ataH -vAda pAMca avayavoM se saMyukta kaise hogA / athavA prativAdI ke ucita dUSaNa batalAne para jaba vAdI apane pakSa kA samarthana nahIM kara pAtA tathA prativAdI

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106 [1-115 satsAdhanopanyAse vAdinaH pratipakSasAdhanadUSaNasamarthanayoH abhAvenApi paJcakasyAnupapatteH avyApakatvaM lakSaNasya / tasmAt paJcAvayavopapanna ityetadapi vizeSaNamayuktaM parasya // [ 115. vAdasya pakSapratipakSaparigrahatvam ] pakSapratipakSaparigraho vAda ityapi asamaJjasam / kadAcit svasyApi nityAnityAdi pakSapratipakSaparigrahasya vidyamAnatve'pi tasya vAdatvAbhA vAt / atha vAdiprativAdinoH pakSapratipakSaparigraho vAda iti cenna / saugatasAMkhyayoH yoga vedAntinoH sarvadA pakSapratipakSaparigrahasya vidyamAne'pi vAdatvAbhAvAt / atha pakSapratipakSaparigraheNa vicAro vAda iti cenna / svasyaikasya tatsadbhAve'pi vAdatvAbhAvAt / atha vAdiprativAdinoH pakSapratipakSaparigraheNa kriyamANo vicAro vAda iti cenna / jalpavitaNDayo pramAprameyam jaba apane pakSa meM ucita sAdhana prastuta karatA hai taba vAdI usa pratipakSa ke sAdhana meM doSa nahI batalA sakatA tathA usa kA samarthana bhI nahIM kara sakatA taba bhI ina (svapakSasamarthana tathA pratipakSadUSaNa evaM dUSaNasamarthana ) avayavoM ke abhAva meM pAMca avayava pUre nahIM ho sakate ataH isa prakAra bhI vAda kA yaha lakSaNa avyApaka hI rahegA / isalie paMcAvayavopapanna yaha pratipakSIdvArA diyA huA bAda kA vizeSaNa bhI ayogya haiM / vAda meM pakSapratipakSa kA svIkAra pakSa aura pratipakSa ke svIkAra karane se vAda hotA hai yaha kahanA bhI ucita nahIM / kisI kisI samaya (eka vyakti) svayaM hI nitya - anitya jaise pakSa aura pratipakSa kA svIkAra karatA hai kintu vaha vAda nahIM hotA / vAdI aura prativAdI kA pakSa aura pratipakSa svIkAra karanA yaha vAda kahalAtA hai yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahI / bauddha aura sAMkhya, tathA naiyAyika aura vedAntI ina meM pakSa aura pratipakSa kA svIkAra sadA hI banA rahatA hai kintu use vAda nahI kahate / pakSa aura pratipakSa ke svIkAra se kiye gaye vicAra ko bAda kahate haiM yaha kathana bhI ucita nahIM kyoM ki aisA vicAra eka vyakti svayaM bhI kara sakatA hai / vAdI aura prativAdI dvArA pakSa aura pratipakSa svIkAra kara ke kiye gaye vicAra ko bAda kahate haiM yaha kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM kyoM

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-1.116] jalpa ke lakSaNa kA vicAra 107. ratasadbhAve'pi vAdacya padezAbhAvAta / atha pakSapratipakSaparigraheNa satsAdhAdUpaNapanyArena ca vAdiprativAdinoH vicAro vAda iti cenna / lakSaNa stre tathAvidhavizeSa NAbhAvAt / tasmAta lakSaNa sUtrametadayuktam / / [116. jalpalakSaNavicAraH ] __jalpalakSaNe'pi halajAtinigrahasthAnasAdhanopAlambha ityasaMgatam / teSAM sAdhanadUSaNasAmarthyAyogAt / tathA hi| chalAdayo na sAdhanasamarthAH sAdhanAbhAsatvAt dUSaNAbhAsavata / nopAlagbhasamarthAzca dUSaNAbhAsatvAt kalpitacauryavata / AbhAsalAdayaH asatsAdhanadRSaNatvAt tadvat / asatsAdhana dUSaNAste satsAdhana dRSaNayorapITatatvAt anyatarapakSanirNayAkArakatvAcca zraddhAzApAdivat / tato jalpalakSaNasUtramapi yuktyA na saMbhAvyate // ki jalpa aura vitaNDA meM esA vicAra hone para bhI unheM vAda nahI kahA jAtA / pakSa aura pratipakSa kA grahaNa kara ke ucita sAdhanoM aura dUSaNoM ko prastta karate hue vAdI aura prativAdI jo vicAra karate haiM use vAda kahA jAtA hai yaha kathana bhI ucita nahIM kyoM ki vAda ke lakSaNa ke sUtra meM aise vizeSaNa nahIM diye gaye haiM / ataH yaha lakSaNa-sUtra ayogya hai / jalpa ke lakSaNa kA vicAra jalpa ke lakSaNa meM use chala. jAti nigrahasthAna ina sAdhanoM ba dRSaNoM se saMpanna kahA hai yaha anucita hai kyoM ki chala Adi meM sAdhana yA dUSaNa kA sAmarthya nahIM ho sktaa| chala Adi dUSaNAbhAsa ke samAna (svapakSa ke) sAdhana meM samartha nahIM ho sakate kyoM ki ve sAdhanAbhAsa haiM / chala Adi (pratipakSa ke) dUSaNa meM bhI samartha nahIM haiM kyoM ki ve kalpita corI ke samAna dUSaNAbhAsa haiM / chala ityAdi AbhAsa haiM kyoM ki ve kalpita corI ke samAna sat sAdhana yA sat dUSaNa nahIM haiM / zraddhA athavA zApa ke samAna chala Adi bhI sata-sAdhanoM va sat-dUSaNoM meM samAviSTa nahIM haiM tathA kisI eka pakSa kA nirNaya bhI nahIM karA sakate ataH ve sata-sAdhana yA sat-dUSaNa nahI haiM / isa prakAra jalpa ke lakSaNa kA sUtra bhI yukti saMgata nahIM hai|

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108 pramAprameyam [1.117[117. vitaNDAlakSaNavicAraH] tadasaMbhave sa eva pratipakSasthApanAhIno vitaNDA ityapyasAMpratam vAde jalpe ca pakSapratipakSayoH madhye anyatarasya nirAkaraNe aparasya sAdhanaprayogamantareNa supratiSTitatvAt arthipratyarthinoH ekasya taptAyaHpiNDagrahaNAdinA dausthye aparasya tadgrahaNamantareNa sausthyasaMbhavavat / vAdinA satsAdhanopanyAse prativAdinaH savaNAdarzanena tUSNIMbhAvena tena dUSaNAbhAsodbhAvane vAdinA tatparihAre ca vAde jalpe'pi pratipakSasthApanAsaMbhavAcca / nanu so'pi vitaNDA bhaviSyatIti cenn| yatra prativAdinA sthApanAhetuM nirAkRtya tUSNImAste sA vitaNDA ityaGgIkArAt / atra tu vAde sthApanAhetunirAkaraNAbhAvena prativAdyudbhAvitadUSaNAbhAsa. syaiva niraakRttvaat| tAvatApratibhayA prativAdinaH tUSNIbhAvAt keyaM vitaNDA kA lakSaNa jalpa ke lakSaNa meM uparyukta asaMgati hone se 'vahI jalpa pratipakSa kI sthApanA se rahita hone para vitaNDA kahalAtA hai' yaha kathana bhI anucita siddha hotA hai | vAda meM aura jalpa meM bhI pakSa aura pratipakSa meM kisI eka kA nirAkaraNa karane se dUsarA pakSa kisI samarthaka anumAna-prayoga ke binA bhI vijayI siddha hotA hai; (jaise nyAyAlaya meM ) vAdI aura prativAdI ina donoM meM se tape hue lohe ke gole ko pakaDane jaisI parIkSA se eka pakSa ke galata siddha hone para dUsarA pakSa vaisI parIkSA ke binA bhI sahI siddha hotA hai (tAtparya -- vAda yA jalpa meM pakSa aura pratipakSa donoM kA samAna rUpa se samarthana honA hI cAhie aisA nahIM hai, eka pakSa ke parAjaya se dUsare kA vijaya svataHsiddha ho jAtA hai ) / vAdI jaba ucita hetu kA prayoga karatA hai aura prativAdI usa meM ucita doSa nahI dekha pAtA taba cupa rahatA hai (tathA yadi) prativAdI jhUThamUTha doSa batalAtA hai to vAdI usa kA uttara detA hai (taba phira prativAdI cupa ho jAtA hai) isa prakAra vAda aura jalpa meM bhI pratipakSa kI sthApanA saMbhava nahI hai / aise prasaMga ko bhI vitaNDA kaheMge yaha kahanA bhI saMbhava nahI kyoM ki jahAM prativAdI sthApanA ke hetu kA nirAkaraNa kara ke hI cupa ho jAtA hai vaha vitaNDA hai aisA (naiyAyikoM kA) kathana

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-1.117 vitaNDa kA lakSaNa 109. kathA syAt / na tAvat jalpavitaNDe tllkssnnaabhaavaat| vAda eveti vktvym| atha vAde dUSaNAbhAsodbhAvanA nopayoyujatIti cenna / satsAdhanopanyAse sadUSaNodbhAvanasyAsaMbhavAt / na ca vyAptipakSadharma. vatsatsAdhanasya saddaSaNaM sNbhvti| anyathA ekasyApi satsAdhanasyAsaMbhavAt na kasyApi svapakSasiddhiH syAt / sadRSaNasyApi satsAdhanapUrvakatvAt tadabhAve tasyApyabhAvaH syAditi sarva viplvte| tasmAdekaviSayasAdhanadRSaNayoH ekenAbhAsena bhvitvym| tata eva vAde'pi sAdhanadUSaNAbhAsaprayogodbhAvanaM pratipakSasthApanAbhAvazca saMbhAvyate hai| isa prasaMga meM bAda meM sthApanA ke hetu kA nirAkaraNa to nahIM huA hai, sirpha prativAdI dvArA batAye gaye jhUThe dRSaNa kA hI nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| usa ke bAda kucha na sUjhane se prativAdI cupa huA hai| ataH isa prasaMga ko kauna sI kathA kaheMge ? jalpa yA vitaNDA nahI kaha sakate kyoM ki una ke lakSaNa isa meM nahI haiM / ataH ise vAda hI kahanA hogaa| bAda meM jhUThe dRSaNa nahI batAye jAte (ataH yaha prasaMga vAda nahIM hai) yaha kathana bhI ucita nahIM hai| ( vastutaH) ucita hetu kA yadi prayoga kiyA gayA hai to usa meM ucita dRSaNa nahI batAyA jA sakatA ( yadi ucita hetu meM bhI koI dUSaNa batAyA jAye to vaha jhUTA dUSaNa hI hogaa)| jo ucita hetu vyApti se yukta hai tathA pakSa kA dharma hai usa meM vAstavika kSaNa nahIM ho sktaa| anyathA ( yadi ucita hetu meM bhI dUpaNa vAstavika hone lageM to) eka bhI hetu ucita nahI hogA tathA kisI kA bhI pakSa siddha nahI ho skegaa| ucita dUSaNa tabhI hote haiM jaba ucita hetu hoM; yadi ucita hetu hI nahI hai to ucita daSaNa bhI nahI hoMge, isa prakAra sarvatra gaDabaDI ho jAyagI | ataH eka hI viSaya meM jo hetu aura dUpaNa prastuta kiye jAte haiM una meM se eka avazya hI jhUThA hotA hai ( yadi hetu ucita ho to dUSaNa jhUThA hogA, tathA dUSaNa sahI ho to hetu ayogya hogaa)| ataH vAda meM bhI sAdhana tathA dUSaNa ke AbhAsa kA prayoga evaM batalAnA tathA pratipakSa kI sthApanA kA abhAva hA sakatA hai / ataH jalpa aura vitaNDA ke lakSaNa ativyApaka haiM ( una kI kucha bAteM bAda meM bhI pAI jAtI haiM ) / yahI bAta anumAna-prayoga ke rUpa meM batalAte .

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110 pramAprameyam [1.118* ityativyApakaM jalpavitaNDayorlakSaNam / prayogazca vAdaH chalAdiprayogavAn nigrahasthAnavattvAt parisamAptimadvicAratvAt pakSapratipakSaparigrahatvAt - jalpavaditi / tadetat nirUpaNamayuktaM parasya / / [ 118. jalpavitaNDayoH tatvAdhyavasAyasaMrakSakatvAbhAvaH ] ___ yaccoktaM-tattvAdhyavasAyasaMrakSaNArtha jalpavitaNDe bIjaprarohasaMrakSa. -NArtha kaNTakazAkhAvaraNavat iti tdsNgtm| tayostatvAdhyavasAyasaMrakSaNa sAmAyogAt / tathAhi / jalpavitaNDe na tatvAdhyavasAyasaMrakSagasamarthe - asatsAdhanadUSaNavatvAt nikhilabAdhakanirAkaraNAsamarthatvAcca abalAkalahavat / na cAsatsAdhanadUSaNatvamasiddhaM chalajAtinigrahasthAnasAdhano. pAlambho jalpaH sa eva pratipakSasthApanAhIno vitaNDA ityabhidhAnAt / haiM- vAda meM chala ityAdi kA prayoga hotA hai kyoM ki vaha bhI jalA ke samAna hI nigrahasthAnoM se yukta hai, vicAravimarza kI samApti taka calatA hai tathA pakSa aura pratipakSa ko svIkAra kara kiyA jAtA hai| ataH pratipakSI (naiyAyikoM) kA yaha ( vAda, jalpa aura vitaNDA ke varNana kA) kathana yogya nahI hai| . jalpa aura vitaNDA tattva ke rakSaka nahI haiM (nyAyadarzana kA) yaha kathana bhI ucita nahIM hai ki jalpa aura :: vitaNDA tattva ke nizcaya ke rakSaNa ke lie hote haiM, usI prakAra jaise bIja se nikale hue choTe aMkura kI rakSA ke lie kA~TobharI TahaniyoM kA bADA .. lagAyA jAtA hai / jalpa aura vitaNDA meM tattva ke nizcaya kI rakSA kA sAmarthya nahIM ho sktaa| jalpa aura vitaNDA meM sAdhana aura dUSaNa asat hote haiM tathA una meM bAdhaka AkSepoM ko pUrI taraha dUra karane kA sAmarthya bhI nahI hotA ataH striyoM ke kalaha ke samAna jalpa aura vitaNDA bhI tattva ke nizcaya kI rakSA meM samartha nahIM ho sakate / jalpa aura vitaNDA meM sAdhana aura dUSaNa asat hote haiM yaha hamArA kathana asiddha nahIM hai kyoM ki nyAyadarzana meM hI kahA hai ki jisa meM chala, jAti tathA nigrahasthAnoM dvArA sAdhana aura dUSaNa upasthita kiye jAte haiM vaha jalpa kahalAtA hai tathA usI meM yadi pratipakSa kI . sthApanA na kI jAye to use vitaNDA kahate haiM / hamAre uparyukta kathana kA

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-1.119] vAda hI tattva ke nizcaya kA saMrakSaka 111 tathA dvitIyo'pi hetuH naasiddhH| jalpavitaNDe na nikhilavAdhakanirA. karaNasamarthe asatsAdhanadUSaNopetatvAt abalAkalahavat / chalAdayo vA na takhAdhyavasAyasaMrakSaNasamarthAH asatsAdhanadUSaNatvAt zApAdivat / chalAdIni asatsAdhanadUSaNAni anyatarapakSanirNayAkArakatvAt AbhAsatvAJca zApAdivat / chalAdayastadAbhAsA iti nirUpitatvAt nAsiddho hetuH|| [119. vAdasyaiva tatvAdhyavasAyasaMrakSakatvam ] kiM ca / jalpavitaNDAbhyAM vadanAt vAdI tattvAdhyavasAyarahita eva paranirmukhIkaraNe pravRttatvAt tatvopaplavavAdivat / tasmAt vAda eva tatvAdhyavasAyasaMrakSaNasamarthaH pramANatarkasAdhanopAlambhatvAt vyatireke dUsarA hetu ( bAdhaka AkSepoM ko dara na kara sakanA ) bhI asiddha nahIM hai| jalpa aura vitaNDA meM sabhI bAdhaka AkSepoM ko dUra karane kA sAmarthya nahI hotA kyoM ki striyoM ke kalaha ke samAna hI una ke sAdhana aura dUSaNa asata hote haiN| chala Adi (jina kA prayoga jalpa aura vitaNDA meM hotA hai) asat sAdhana va asat duSaNa haiM ataH zApa Adi ke samAna ve (chala Adi ) bhI tattva ke nizcaya ke rakSaNa meM samartha nahIM ho skte| chala ityAdi kisI eka pakSa kA nirNaya nahI kara sakate, ve zApa Adi ke samAna AbhAsa haiM ataH unheM asat sAdhana aura asat dUSaNa kahA jAtA hai| chala ityAdi AbhAsa haiM aisA nyAya darzana meM bhI kahA hai ataH hamArA yaha kathana asiddha nahI hai| vAda hI tattva ke nizcaya kA saMrakSaka hotA hai ___ jalpa aura vitaNDA kA prayoga karanevAlA vAdI tattva ke nizcaya se rahita hotA hai kyoM ki tatvopaplava vAdI ke samAna vaha kevala pratipakSI ko cupa karane ke lie hI bolatA hai (apanI koI bAta siddha karanA usa kA uddeza nahIM hotA ) / ataH vAda hI tattva ke nizcaya ke saMrakSaNa meM samartha hotA hai kyoM ki vaha pramANa aura tarka dvArA sAdhana-dUSaNoM kA upayoga karatA hai jisa ke pratikUla kalaha hotA hai ( jhagaDe meM pramANa yA tarka kA upayoga nahI hotA ataH vaha tattva ke nizcaya ke saMrakSaNa meM samartha nahIM hai)| vAda kA upayoga kara bolanevAlA hI tattva kA nizcaya kara sakatA hai kyoM ki vaha dUsare

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112 pramAprameyam [1.120klhvt| vAdena vadanneva tatvAdhyavasAyI parapratibodhanAya pravRttatvAta abhimatatattvajJAnivat // [120. jalpavitaNDayoH vijigISuviSayatvam ] yadapi vyarIracad yogaH-jalpavitaNDe vijigISuviSaye tattvajJAnasaMrakSaNArthatvAt caturaGgatvAt khyAtipUjAlAbhakAmaiHpravRttatvAt samatsaraiH kRtatvAt prativAdiskhalitamAtraparyavasAnatvAt chalAdimatvAcca lokaprasiddhavicAravat vyatireke vAdavaditi tat svamanorathamAtram / tatvajJAnasaMrakSaNAdihetUnAM vAde'pi sadbhAvena vyabhicArAt / tathA hi / vAdaH tattvAdhyavasAyasaMrakSaNArthaH svasiddhAntAviruddhArthaviSayatvAt svAbhipretArtha: vyavasthApanaphalatvAt vicAratvAt pakSapratipakSaparigrahatvAt nigrahasthAnavatvAt parisamAptimadvicAratvAt jalpavat / tathA caturaGgo vAdaH lAbha-. (pratipakSI ) ko samajhAne meM pravRtta huA hai, jaise koI bhI mAnya tattvajJAnI hotA hai| kyA jalpa aura vitaNDA vijaya ke lie hI hote haiM ? naiyAyikoM ne jo yaha kahA hai ki jalpa aura vitaNDA vijaya kI icchA se kiye jAte haiM kyoM ki ve tattvajJAna ke saMrakSaNa ke lie hote haiM, una ke cAra aMga hote haiM, kIrti, sammAna Adi lAbha kI icchA rakhanevAle hI una meM pravRtta hote haiM, matsarI vAdI una meM bhAga lete haiM, prativAdI kI galatI hote hI ve samAta hote haiM tathA ve chala Adi se yukta hote haiM, ina saba bAtoM meM ve jalpa aura vitaNDA logoM meM suprasiddha vicAravimarza ke samAna hai, bAda meM ye saba bAteM nahIM pAI jAtI-yaha naiyAyikoM kA kathana una kI kalpanAmAtra hai ( vastutaH ucita nahI hai ) / aisA kahane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki tattvajJAna kA saMrakSaNa karanA Adi ye saba hetu vAda meM bhI vidyamAna hai ataH ukta hetu vyabhicArI haiM ( ve jalpavitaNDA isa pakSa meM tathA vAda isa vipakSa meM donoM meM pAye jAte haiN)| isI ko spaSTa karate haiM-bAda tattva ke nizcaya ke saMrakSaNa ke lie hotA hai kyoM ki apane siddhAnta se avirodhI artha usa kA viSaya hotA hai, apane lie iSTa artha kI sthApanA karanA yaha usa kA phala

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-1.121] pUrvokta hetuoM kI nirdoSatA pUjAkhyAtikAmaiH pravRtto vAdaH samatsaraiH kriyate vAdaH prativAdiskhalitamAtraparyavasAno vAdaH chalAdimAn vAdaH vicAratvAt pakSapratipakSaparigrahA nvitatvAt nigrahasthAnavasvAt parisamAptimatkathAtvAt siddhAntA viruddhArtha viSayatvAt svAbhipretArthavyavasthApana phalatvAt jalpavaditi paJcasAdhyeSu pratyekaM SaT hetavo draSTavyAH // [ 121. uktahetunAM nirdoSatA ] sarvatra vipratipattinirAkaraNena svapakSasausthyakaraNameva svAbhipretArthaH tadvyavasthApana phalaM vAde jalpe'pi samAnam / anyahetavaH aGgIkRtAH paraiH vAde jalpe'pi / tatazca uktahetRnAM pakSe sadbhAvAt na te svarUpAsiddhAH na vyadhikaraNAsiddhAzca, pakSasya pramANasiddhatvAt nAzrayA ww 113 vAda hotA hai, vaha vicAravimarza hotA hai, pakSa aura pratipakSa svIkAra kara ke kiyA jAtA hai, nigrahasthAnoM se yukta hotA hai, tathA vicAravimarza kI samApti taka kiyA jAtA hai, ina saba bAtoM meM vaha jalpa ke samAna hI hai / vAda cAra aMgoM se saMpanna hotA hai, lAbha, kIrti, satkAra Adi kI icchA rakhanevAle pravRtta hote haiM, matsarI vAdI prativAdI vAda karate haiM, prativAdI kA galatI hote hI bAda samAta kiyA jAtA hai, bAda chala Adi se yukta hotA hai (uparyukta kathana meM ) pAMca sAdhya haiM, ina meM se pratyeka ke samarthana ke lie chaha hetu diye jAte haiM ve isa prakAra haiM- bAda vicAravimarza hai, vaha pakSa aura pratipakSa svIkAra kara ke kiyA jAtA hai, vaha nigrahasthAnoM se yukta hotA hai, vicAravimarza kI samApti taka kiyA jAtA hai, siddhAnta ke avirodhI artha usa ke viSaya hote haiM, tathA apane iSTa artha kI sthApanA yaha usa kA phala hai, ina saba bAtoM meM vaha jalpa ke samAna hai ( ataH jalpa aura vitaNDA vijaya ke lie haiM evaM vAda vijaya ke lie nahIM hai yaha bheda ucita nahIM hai ) | pUrvokta hetuoM kI nirdoSatA sabhI prasaMgoM meM virodhI AkSepoM ko dUra kara ke apane pakSa ko ucita siddha karanA yahI vAdI ko abhISTa bAta hotI hai usa kI vyavasthA karanA yaha phala vAda aura jalpa donoM meM samAna haiN| zeSa hetu vAda aura jalpa donoM meM haiM yaha pratipakSiyoM ne (naiyAyikoM ne ) bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| yaha pUrvokta hetu pra.pra. 8

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114 pramAprameyam [1.121siddhaaH| pakSe sarvatra pravartamAnatvAt na bhaagaasiddhaaH| pakSe nizcitatvAt nAzAtAsiddhAH na saMdigdhAsiddhAzca / viparIte nizcitAvinAbhAvAbhAvAt na viruddhaaH| vipakSe vRttivirahitatvAt naanaikaantikaaH| sapakSe sattvAt naandhyvsitaaH| pakSe sAdhyAbhAvAvedakapramANAbhAvAt na kaalaatyyaapdissttaaH| svapakSe satrirUpatvAt parapakSe asattrirUpatvAt na prkrnnsmaaH| yathoktasAdhyasAdhanAnAM jalpe sadbhAvAt na dRSTAnto'pi sAdhyasAdhanobhayavikalo naashryhiinshc| tato nirduSTebhyo hetubhyaH tattvajJAnasaMrakSaNAdInAM vAde sadbhAvasiddhau taduktasAdhanAnAM vyabhicAraH siddhH| lokaprasiddhavicAre tattvajJAnasaMrakSaNAditaduktahetRnAmabhAvAt sAdhanazUnyaM pakSa ( vAda) meM vidyamAna haiM ataH va svarUpAsiddha nahIM haiM tathA vyadhikaraNA siddha bhI nahIM haiN| yahAM pakSa pramANoM se jJAta hai ataH ye hetu AzrayAsiddha nahI haiM / pakSa meM sarvatra vidyamAna haiM ataH ve bhAgAsiddha nahIM hai| pakSa meM una kA honA nizcita hai ataH ve ajJAtAsiddha nahI haiM tathA saMdigdhAsiddha bhI nahIM haiN| viparIta pakSa meM una kA avinAbhAva saMbaMdha nahI hai yaha nizcita hai ataH ve hetu viruddha nahI haiM / vipakSa meM una kA astitva nahI hai ataH ve anaikAntika nahIM haiN| sapakSa meM una kA astitva hai ataH ve anadhyavasita nahIM hai| pakSa meM sAdhya kA abhAva batalAnevAlA koI pramANa nahI hai ataH ye hetu kAlAtyayApadiSTa nahI haiN| svapakSa meM ina ke tIna rUpa haiM (ve pakSa meM haiM, sapakSa haiM tathA vipakSa meM nahI haiM) tathA viruddha pakSa meM ina ke tIna rUpa nahI haiM ataH ve prakaraNasama nahIM haiM | pUrvokta sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM hI jalpa meM vidyamAna haiM ataH jalpa kA dRSTAnta bhI sAdhyavikala, sAdhanavikala yA ubhayavikala nahI hai tathA AzrayahIna bhI nahIM hai| isa prakAra nidoSaH hetuoM se vAda meM tattvajJAna kA saMrakSaNa karanA Adi sAdhyoM kA astitva siddha hotA hai isalie una ke (naiyAyikoM ke ) dvArA prastuta sAdhana (hetu) vyabhicArI haiM (vipakSa meM bhI pAye jAte haiN)| logoM meM prasiddha vicAravimarza meM tattvajJAna kA saMrakSaNa karanA Adi ukta hetu nahIM hote ataH una kA dRSTAnta bhI sAdhanavikala hai| una ke dvArA kahe gaye hetu vAda meM bhI pAye jAte hai ataH una kA vyatireka dRSTAnta bhI sAdhana-avyAvRtta hai / ataH jalpa,

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115 -1.122] vAda aura jalpa meM bheda nahIM ca tnnidrshnm| vAde taduktasAdhanAnAM sadbhAvAt sAdhanAvyAvRtto vyatirekadRSTAnto'pi / tataH kathaM jalpavitaNDayorvijigISuviSayatvaM nyarUrupastvam // [122. bAdajalpayoH abhedaH ] kiM ca jalpavitaNDe na vidvadgoSThIyogye asatsAdhanadUSaNopetatvAt kalahavat / chalAdayo vA na vidvadgoSThIyogyAH asatsAdhana dUSaNatvAt zApAdivat / etena yadapi pratyUcire yogAH-vAdo na vijigISuviSayaH tattvajJAnasaMrakSaNarahitatvAt caturaGgarahitatvAt lAbhapUjAkhyAtikAmaiH apravRttaviSayatvAt samatsarairakRtatvAt prativAdiskhalitamAtrAparyavasAnatvAt chalAdirahitatvAt zrIharSakathAvat , tathA vAdaH tattvAdhyavasAyasarakSaNarahitAdimAn caturaGgarahitAditvAt zrIharSakathAvat iti pUrvapUrva aura vitaNDA vijaya ke icchukoM dvArA kiye jAte haiM ( tathA vAda vijaya ke icchukoM dvArA nahI kiyA jAtA - vItarAgoM dvArA kiyA jAtA hai) aisA nirUpaNa Apane kisa prakAra kiyA hai (arthAta aisA bheda karanA prAmANika nahIM hai)| vAda aura jalpa meM bheda nahIM hai (naiyAyikoM dvArA varNita ) jalpa aura vitaNDA vidvAnoM kI carcA meM prayukta hone yogya nahI haiM kyoM ki kalaha ke samAna ina jalpa-vitaNDAoM meM bhI anucita sAdhana aura dUSaNa prayukta hote haiM / chala Adi bhI vidvAnoM kI carcA meM prayukta hone yogya nahIM haiM kyoM ki zApa Adi ke samAna ye chala Adi bhI anucita sAdhana yA dUSaNa haiN| ataH naiyAyikoM ne jo yaha uttara diyA thA ki vAda vijaya kI icchAse nahI kiyA jAtA, kyoM ki vaha tattvajJAna kA saMrakSaNa nahIM karatA, cAra aMgoM se saMpanna nahIM hotA, lAbha, satkAra yA kIrti kI icchA rakhanevAloM dvArA nahI kiyA jAtA, matsarI vAdiyoM dvArA nahIM kiyA jAtA, prativAdI kI galatI hote hI samApta nahI kiyA jAtA, chala Adi se yukta nahIM hotA jaise zrIharSa kI kathA (vAda); tathA vAda tattvajJAna ke saMrakSaNa se rahita hotA hai kyoM ki vaha cAra aMgoM se rahita hotA hai jaise zrIharSa kI kathA (vAda) isa prakAra jahAM pahalA kathana sAdhya ho vahAM bAda ke kathana hetu

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116 pramAprameyam [1.122prasAdhyatve uttarottaraikaikaprasAdhyatve itare paJca hetutvena draSTavyA iti - tannirastam / uktasakalahetumAlAyA asiddhatvAt / kathamiti cet prAgukta prakAreNa vAde tattvajJAnasaMrakSaNAdInAM sadbhAvasamarthanAt / yaccAnyat pratyavAtiSTipit tat sakalahetusamarthanArtha vAdaH tattvajJAnasaMrakSaNarahitAdimAn avijigISuviSayatvAt tadvaditi tadapyasiddham / tathA hi-vAdo vijigISuviSayaH siddhAntAviruddhArthaviSayatvAt svAbhipretArthavyavasthApanaphalatvAt vicAratvAt pakSapratipakSaparigrahatvAt nigrahasthAnavattvAt parisamAptimatkathAtvAt jalpavaditi / yatkiMcid vAde niSidhyate jalpe samarthyate paraiH tatsarvametairhetubhivAde samarthanIyaM jalpe nissedhniiym| tathA jalpo vItarAgaviSayaH siddhAntAviruddhArthaviSayatvAt svAbhipretArthavyavasthApanaphalatvAt vicAratvAt pakSapratipakSaparigrahatvAt nigrahasthAna ke rUpa meM samajhane cAhiyeM-yaha (saba kathana hamAre uparyukta pramANoM se ) khaNDita huA kyoM ki una kI pUrvokta hetuoM kI pUrI mAlikA hI asiddha hai| vaha kaise asiddha hai isa prazna kA uttara hai ki ( hamAre dvArA) pahale batAye gaye prakAra se vAda meM tattvajJAna kA saMrakSaNa karanA Adi saba bAtoM kA astitva pAyA jAtA hai isa kA samarthana hotA hai / naiyAyikoM ne jo yaha aura kahA thA ki vAda meM tatvajJAna kA saMrakSaNa karanA Adi bAteM nahI hotI kyoM ke vaha vijaya kI icchA se nahIM kiyA jAtA-yaha bhI asiddha hai| jaise kivAda vijaya kI icchA se kiyA jAtA hai kyoM ki vaha siddhAnta se avirodhI viSaya ke bAre meM hotA hai, apanA iSTa tattva siddha karanA usa kA phala hotA hai, vaha vicAravimarza ke rUpa meM hotA hai, pakSa aura pratipakSa svIkAra kara ke kiyA jAtA hai, nigrahasthAnoM se yukta hotA hai, kathA kI samApti taka kiyA jAtA hai-ina saba bAtoM meM vaha jalpa ke samAna hai| isa prakAra pratipakSI (naiyAyika) vAda meM jina bAtoM kA niSedha karate haiM (abhAva batalAte haiM) tathA jalpa meM una bAtoM kA samarthana karate haiM una sabakA uparyukta hetuoM dvArA vAda meM samarthana tathA jalpa meM niSedha karanA caahiye| jaise kijalpa vItarAgoM dvArA kiyA jAtA hai kyoM ki vaha siddhAnta se avirodhI viSaya ke bAre meM hotA hai, apane iSTa tattva ko siddha karanA yaha usa kA phala hotA

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-1.123] Agama 117 vakhAt parisamAptimatkathAtvAt vAdavaditi / evaM vAdajalpayoH sadRksAdhanadUSaNatvAt avizeSeNa vItarAgavijigISuviSayatvAcca saMbhASaNa vAdaH saMjalpaH vicAraH kathA upanyAsa ityanAntaram / tathA hi gRhIta vipakSaM prati yuktyA saMbhASyata iti saMbhASaNaM, vipratipannaM prati yuktyA svAbhipretArthavadanaM vAdaH, tathA jalpanaM jalpaH, teSAM dhAtvarthapratyayArthayoH bhedAbhAvAdabheda eva / tathA vicAraNaM vicAraH, kathanaM kathA, upanyasanam upanyAsa iti ca / ityanumAnaprapaJcaH // [123. AgamaH] ___ AptavacanAdijanitapadArthajJAnam AgamaH |yo yatrAbhijJatve satya vaJcakaH sa ttraaptH| tadvacanamapi jJAnahetutvAdAgama eva / tato jAtaM tattvayAthAtmyajJAnaM bhaavshrutm| tatvayAthAtmyaprati pAdakaM vacanaM drvyshrutm| hai, vaha vicAravimarza ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA hai, pakSa aura pratipakSa svIkAra kara ke kiyA jAtA hai, nigrahasthAnoM se yukta hotA hai tathA kathA kI samApti taka kiyA jAtA hai-ina saba bAtoM meM vaha vAda ke samAna hai| isa prakAra vAda aura jalpa donoM meM sAdhana aura daSaNa samAna haiM, donoM samAna rUpa se vItarAgaviSaya tathA vijigISUviSaya haiM (vijaya kI icchAse yA usa ke vinA kiye jAte haiM ), ataH vAda, saMbhASaNa, saMjalpa, vicAra, kathA, upanyAsa ye saba ekArthaka zabda haiM / jisase viruddha pakSa liyA hai usa se yuktipUrvaka bolanA yahI saMbhASaNa hai, viruddha pakSa ke vAdI ko yuktipUrvaka apanI iSTa bAta batalAna yahI vAda hai, jalpana (bolanA ) yahI jalpa hai, ina saba zabdoM meM dhAtu kata artha tathA pratyaya kA artha ina donoM meM koI bheda nahI hai ataH una zabdoM ke artha meM bhI koI bheda nahIM hai / isI prakAra vicAraNa, vicAra, kathana, kathA,, upanyasana, upanyAsa ye bhI ekArthaka zabda haiM / isa prakAra anumAna kA vistR kathana pUrNa huaa| Agama Apta ke vacana Adi se utpanna hue padArthoM ke jJAna ko Agama kahate haiM / jo jisa viSaya ko jAnatA ho tathA avaJcaka ho (- dhokhA na detA ho- satya bolatA ho) vaha usa viSaya ke lie Apta hotA hai| Apta ke

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pramAprameyam [1.124 tacAGgAGgabAhyamedena dvidhA / tatrAGgaM dvaadshvidhm| AcArAcaM sUtrakRtAGgaM sthAnAGgaM samavAyAGgaM vyAkhyAprajJaptyaGgaM jJAtRkathAGgam upAsakAdhyayanAnam antakRddazAGgam anuttaropapAdakadazAGga praznavyAkaraNAjhaM vipAkasUtrAGgaM dRSTivAdAGgamiti dvAdazAGgAni / tatra dRSTivAdAne parikarmasUtraprathamAnuyogapUrvacUlikA iti pshcaadhikaaraaH| tatra pUrvAdhikAre utpAdapUrva-agrAyaNIyavIryAnupravAda - astinAstipravAda - jJAnapravAda- satyapravAda-AtmapravAdakarmapravAda -pratyAkhyAna -vidyAnuvAda-kalyANa-prANAvAya-kriyAvizAlalokabindusAra-pUrvAzceti caturdaza puurvaadhikaaraaH| aGgabAhye sAmAyikacaturviMzatistava - vandanA-pratikramaNa-vainayika-kRtikarma-dazavaikAlikauttarAdhyayana-kalpa-vyavahAra-kalpAkalpa-mahAkalpa-puNDarIka-mahApuNurIka-azItikA-prakIrNakAnIti caturdazAdhikArAH / / [124. AgamAbhAsaH] anaaptvcnaadijnitmithyaajnyaanmaagmaabhaasH| ajJAnadumAbhiprAyacAnanAptaH / tadvacanamabyAgamAbhAsa eva / sarva duHkhaM sarva kSaNikaM sarva bAkyoM ko bhI Agama hI kahate haiM kyoM ki ve vAkya AgamajJAna ke kAraNa haiM (vAkya zabdoM se bane hue ataeva jaDa haiM, ve pramANa nahIM ho sakate, kintu Agama-jJAna ke kAraNa hone se unheM upacAra se Agama-pramANa kahate haiM ) una se utpanna tatvoM kA vAstavika jJAna bhAva-bhuta kahalAtA hai| tattvoM ke vAstavika svarUpa ko batalAnevAle vAkya dravya-zruta kahalAte haiN| dravyazruta ke do prakAra haiM - aMga tathA aMgabATa / aMgoM ke bAraha prakAra haiM - AcArAMga se dRSTivAda aMga taka ve bAraha aMga haiM (nAma mUla meM ginAye haiN)| dRSTivAda aMga meM pAMca adhikAra (vibhAga) haiM - parikarma, sUtra, prathamAnuyoga, pUrva tathA cUlikA / ina meM se pUrva-adhikAra ke caudaha bhAga haiM - utpAda pUrva se lokabindusAra taka (jo mUla meM ginAye haiM) caudaha pUrva hai| aMgabAhya ke caudaha adhikAra haiM - sAmAyika se prakIrNaka taka (nAma mUla meM ginAye haiN)| AgamAbhAsa anApta ke vAkya Adi se utpanna mithyA jJAna ko AgamAbhAsa kahate haiM / jo ajJAna tathA dUSita abhiprAya se yukta ho vaha anApta hotA hai| usa

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-1.125] AgamAbhAsa 119 nirAtmakaM sarva shuunymityaadi| prakRtemahAMstato'haMkArastasmAd guNazca SoDazakaH / tasmAdapi SoDazakAt paJcabhyaH paJca bhUtAni // ityAdi / alAvUni maanti, grAvANaH plavante, andho maNimavindhat , tamanalirAvayat , uttAnA vai devagavA vahanti ityAdi / iti prokssprpnycH| iti bhAvapramANanirUpaNam // [125. karaNapramANam-dravyapramANam ] karaNapramANaM dravyakSetrakAlabhedena trividham / tatra dravyapramANamindriyArthatatsaMbandhahetudRSTAntavyApizabdArthasaMketAdayaH mAnonmAnAvamAna pratimAnatatpratimAnagaNanAmAnAni / tatra mAnaM SoDazikA-ardhamAnamAnasiddhaprasthAdi / unmAnaM trAsuchinnavartikAtulAdi / avamAnaM catura zulaculurupANe guTaprabhRti / pratimAnaM guJjAkapardikAkaTTilAdi / tat / ke vAkyoM ko bhI AgamAbhAsa hI kahate haiN| (jagata meM) saba duHkha hai, saba kSaNika hai, saba nirAtmaka hai, saba zUnya hai Adi vAkya AgamAbhAsa hai| prakRti se mahAn , mahAn se ahaMkAra, ahaMkAra se solaha (tatvoM) kA samUha tathA una solaha meM se pAMca (tanmAtroM) se pAMca bhUta (vyakta hote) haiM Adi vAkya AgamAbhAsa haiM / tUMtrI DUbatI hai, patthara tairate haiM, aMdhene ratna ko bIMdhA, usa meM binA aMgulI ke manuSya ne dhAgA piroyA, devoM kI gAyeM ulaTI bahatI haiM Adi vAkya AgamAbhAsa haiM / isa prakAra parokSa pramANoM kA aura usake sAtha bhAva pramANa kA varNana pUrNa huaa| karaNapramANa-dravyapramANa karaNa pramANa ke tIna prakAra haiM - dravyapramANa, kSetrapramANa tathA kAla pramANa / indriya aura padArtha tathA una ke sambandha ke hetu aura dRSTAntoMpara AdhArita zabda aura artha ke saMketa Adi ko dravyapramANa kahate haiN| usa ke bheda isa prakAra haiM - mAna, unmAna, avamAna, pratimAna, tatpratimAna tathA gaNanAmAna / SoDazikA, ardhamAna, mAna, siddhaprastha Adi mAna (dhAnyamAra) ke prakAra haiN| trAsu, chinna, vartikA, tulA Adi unmAna (taula ) ke prakAra haiN| cAra aMgula, cullU, aMjali Adi avamAna ke prakAra haiM / guMjA, kauDI,

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120 pramAprameyam [1.126pratimAnaM RyyapadArthasya mUlyaM kaakinniiviNshtriNshaardhpaadpaadpnnnisskaadyH| gaNanAmAnaM saMkhyAtAsaMkhyAtAnantabhedAt tridhA / tatra saMkhyAtaM jaghanyamadhyamotkRSTabhedAt trividham / asaMkhyAtamanantaM ca parimitayuktadvikavArabhedAt trividhm| tatpratyekaM jaghanyamadhyamotkRSTabhedAt trividhamiti gaNanAmAnam ekviNshtibhedbhinnm| likhitasAkSibhuktisthApitapASANAdayazca // [126. kSetrapramANam ] kSetrapramANam -uttmmdhymjghnybhogbhuukrmbhuujshiroruhlksstilyvaanggulaanyssttaassttgunnitaani| dvAdazAigulaiH vitstiH| vitastibhyAM kaTTilA Adi pratimAna ( bATa) ke prakAra haiM / kharIdaneyogya padArtha ke mUlya ko tatpratimAna kahate haiM, jaise kAkiNI, viMza, triMza, ardhapAda, pAda, paNa, niSka Adi / gaNanAmAna ke tIna prakAra haiM - saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta | saMkhyAta ke tIna prakAra haiM - jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa / asaMkhyAta aura ananta ke tIna-tIna prakAra haiM - parimita, yukta tathA dvirukta (piimata asaMkhyAta, yukta asaMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta asaMkhyAta, parimita ananta, yukta anaMta, anaMta anNt)| ina meM se pratyeka ke jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa ye tIna-tIna bheda hote haiM / ina saba ko milAkara gaNanAmAna ke ikkIsa prakAra haiN| isa ke atirikta likhita (dastAveja), sAkSI, adhikArI Adi dvArA sthApita ( sImA batAnevAle) patthara Adi kA bhI dravyapramANa meM samAveza hotA hai| kSetrapramANa kSetrapramANa kI gaNanA isa prakAra hai - uttama bhogabhUmi, madhyama bhogabhUmi, jaghanya bhogabhUmi, tathA karmabhUmi ke manuSyoM ke sira ke keza kI cauDAI ATha ATha gunI hai| karmabhUmi ke manuSya ke sira ke keza kI cauDAI ke AThagunA 1 lakSa hotA hai / ATha lakSoM kA 1 tila hotA hai /

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-1*127] kAlapramANa 121 hastaH / caturhastaiH daNDaH / dvisahasradaNDaiH krozaH / catuH krozaiH yojanam ityAdi // [ 127. kAlapramANam ] kAlapramANama-asaMkhyAtasamayaH AvaliH / sNkhyaataavlismuuhru-chRvaasH| rUptocchvAsaiH stokaH / sahastokaiH lavaH / sArghASTatriMzallavaiH ghaTikA / ghaTikAbhyAM muhUrtaH / triMzanmuhUrteH dinam / paJcadazadinaiH pakSaH / pakSAbhyAM mAsaH / mAsAbhyAm RtuH / triRtubhiH ayanam / ayanAbhyAM saMvatsaraH / paJcasaMvatsaraiH yugm| dvAdazayugaiH maNDalam / catvAriMzatsahasrAdhikalakSamaNDalaiH pUrvAGgam / pUrvAhnavargaH pUrvam ityAdi // [ 128. upamAnapramANam ] upamAnapramANaM kSetrapramANaM kAlapramANaM ca bhavati / tad yathA palyopamasAgaropamasUcyaGgalapratarAGgalaghanA kulajagacchreNIjagatprataralokA 8 tila = 1 yava; 8 yava = 1 aMgula; 12 aMgula = 1 vitastiH 2 vitasti = 1 hasta; 4 hasta = 1 daMDa; 2000 daNDa 1 kroza; tathA 4 kroza = 1 yojana hotA hai / kAla pramANa kAla pramANa kI gaNanA isa prakAra hai- asaMkhyAta samaya = 1 Avali; 1 stoka; 7 stoka 1 muhUrta 30 muhUrta = 1 dina; saMkhyAta Avali = 1 ucchvAsa; 7 ucchratrAsa lava; 383 lava = 1 ghaTikA; 2 ghaTikA 1 - = 15 dina = 1 pakSa; 2 pakSa = 1 mAsa; 2 mAsa = ayana; 2 ayana 1 saMvatsara 5 saMvatsara - 1 yuga; 12 yuga: 1 lakSa 40 hajAra maMDala = pUrvIga; pUrvIga X pUrvAMga = 1 pUrva / / upamAna pramANa = ' upamAna pramANa do taraha kA hai-kSetra pramANa tathA kAla pramANa / isa ke ATha prakAra haiM - palyopama, sAgaropama, sUcyaMgula, pratarAMgula, gharnAgula, jagacchreNI, jagatpratara tathA loka / isa meM palya ke tIna bheda haiM- vyavahArapalya, Rtu; 3 Rtu = 1 1 maMDala;

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122 pramAprameyam [1.128 ityssttprkaaraaH| tatra palyaM vyavahAra - uddhAra - addhArabhedena trividham / yathAkrama sNkhyaadviipsmudrkrmsthitivyvsthaapkm| pramANayojanotsedhavistAravRttagarte uttamabhogabhUmijAjakezAn samakhaNDAn zikhAM parihArya varSazatAnte ekaikApanayane yAvatkAlena parisamAptiH tAvatkAlasamayasaMkhyA vyvhaarplym| vyavahArapalyakezAnasaMkhyAtakhaNDAn vidhAya tathApanayane tatkAle samayasaMkhyA uddhaarplym| uddhArapalyakezAnasaMkhyAtakhaNDAn vidhAya tathApanayane tatkAlasamayasaMkhyA addhaarplym| palyAnAM sNdRssttiH| p| eteSAM palyAnAM dazakoTikoTisaMkhyA saagrH| tasya saMdRSTiH / sa / palyachedanAmAtrapalyAnAmanyonyAbhyAse suucyNgulm| tasya sNdRsstthiH|2| sUcyaMgulasya vargaH prtraaNgulm| tasya sNdRssttiH|4| uddhArapalya tathA addhArapalya / ina tInoM kA upayoga kramazaH saMkhyA, dvIpa - samudra tathA karmasthiti ke viSaya meM hotA hai / eka pramANa yojana UMca aura utane hI vyAsa ke gola gaDhe meM uttama bhogabhUmi meM utpanna hue bakare ke samasta kezoM ke bahuta bArIka TukaDe kara ke samatala bhara diye jAyeM tathA eka eka sau varSa bAda eka eka TukaDA nikAlA jAya to jitane samaya bAda vaha keza samApta hoMge utane samaya ko eka vyavahArapalya kahate haiN| vyavahArapalya ke kezoM ke asaMkhyAta Tukar3e kara ke usI prakAra ( sau sau varSa bAda eka eka TukaDA nikAla kara ) jitane samaya meM ve keza samApta hoMge utane samaya ko eka uddhArapalya kahate haiM / isa uddhArapalya ke kezoM ke asaMkhyAta TukaDe kara usI prakAra (sau sau varSa bAda eka eka TukaDA) nikAlane para jitane samaya meM ve samApta hoMge utane samaya ko eka addhAra palya kahate haiN| (granthoM meM udAharaNoM Adi meM ) palya ke lie | pa / yaha saMdRSTi (pratIka) upayoga meM AtI hai / dasa koTi x koTi palyoM kA eka sAgara hotA hai| sAgara kA pratIka / sa / yaha hotA hai / eka palya ke jitane ardha cheda hote haiM utane palyoM kA paraspara guNAkAra karane se eka sUcyaMgula hotA hai usa kA pratIka

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--1*129] dUsare pramANoM kA samAveza / sUcyaMgulasya ghano ghanAMgulam / tasya saMdRSTiH / 6 / palyachedanAnAmasaMkhyAtaikabhAgamAtre ghanAMgulAnAmanyonyAbhyAse jagacchreNiH / tasya saMdRSTiH / - jagacchreNeH varno jagatprataraH / tasya saMdRSTiH / = | jagacchreNeH ghano -lokaH / tasya saMdRSTiH / = | jagacchreNeH saptamabhAgo rajjuH / tasya saMdRSTiH / OM // [ 129. pramANAntarAbhAvaH ] atha upamAnArthApatyabhAvapramANAni nirUpaNIyAnIti cet tatsarvaM 'nirUpitameva / tat katham / gosadRzo'yaM gavayaH, anena sadRzI madIyA gauH ityupamAnasya sAdRzyapratyabhijJAnena, nadI dUrAdyarthApatteH anumAnatvena abhAvapramiteH pratiyogika grAhakapramANatvena nirUpaNAt // " 123 |2| hai | sUcyaMgula kA varga pratarAMgula kahalAtA hai usakA pratIka / 4 / hai / sUcyaMgula kA ghana ghanAMgula kahalAtA hai usa kA pratIka / 6 / hai / palya ke chedoM ke asaMkhyAtaveM eka bhAga meM ghanAMguloM kA paraspara guNAkAra karane se jagata zreNI prApta hotI hai / isa kA pratIka | / hai / jagatzreNI kA varga jagatpratara hotA hai usa kA pratIka / = hotA hai / jagat zreNI kA ghana loka hotA hai / usa kA pratIka | | hai / jagat zreNI ke sAtaveM bhAga ko rajju kahate haiM / usa kA pratIka || hotA hai / dUsare pramANoM kA samAveza yahAM upamAna, arthApatti tathA abhAva ina pramANoM kA bhI varNana karanA cAhiye aisA koI kaheM to uttara yaha hai ki ina kA varNana pahale ho cukA hai / yaha gavaya gAya jaisA hai, merI gAya isa jaisI hai Adi upamAna pramANa kA sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna meM antarbhAva kiyA hai / nadI ko bADha AI hai ata: Upara varSA huI hogI Adi arthApatti pramANa kA anumAna meM antarbhAva kiyA hai / abhAva kI pramiti tathA pratiyogI vastu ke grahaNa karane vAle pratyakSa meM koI bheda nahI hai / isa taraha upamAna, arthApatti evaM abhAva ye pRthak prANa nahI haiM /

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124 pramAprameyam [1.130 [130. upasaMhAraH] bhAvasenatrividyAryo vAdiparvatavajrabhRt / siddhAntasArazAstre'smin pramANaM pratyapIpadat // 102 // iti paravAdigirisurezvarazrImadbhAvasenatraividyadevaviracite siddhA. ntasAre mokSazAstre pramANanirUpaNaM nAma prathamaH pricchedH|| vAdI rUpI parvatoM ke lie indra ke samAna bhAvasena trividyArya ne isa siddhAntasAra zAstra meM pramANa kA pratipAdana kiyaa| isa prakAra pratipakSa ke vAdIrUpI parvatoM ke lie indra sadRza zrIbhAvasena vidyadeva dvArA racita siddhAntasAra mokSazAstra kA pramANanirUpaNa nAmaka pahalA pariccheda samApta huA / / Nain Education International

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tulanA aura samIkSA pramANa kA lakSaNa (pari0 2 ) tarkazAstra ke prArambhika yuga meM pramANa zabda kA upayoga kisI lakSaNa ke binA hI kiyA gayA hai / nyAyasUtra' tathA jaina AgamoM ke ullekha isI prakAra ke haiM / vAtsyAyana re, umAsvAti tathA pUjyapAda ne pramANa zabda kI vyutpatti batalAI hai | samantabhadra ne sva tathA para ko jAnanevAlI buddhi ko pramANa kahA hai tathA ekasAtha saba ko jAnanevAlA sarvajJa kA jJAna aura kramazaH honevAlA syAdvAda - saMskRta jJAna ye usa ke prakAra batalAye haiN| siddhasena ne pramANa ke lakSaNa meM sva-para ke jJAna meM bAdhA na honA isa vizeSatA kA samAveza kiyA hai| bauddha AcAryoM ke pramANa lakSaNa meM avisaMvAdi jJAna : 1. isa zabdaprayoga dvArA isI bAdhA na hone kI vizeSatA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / mImAMsaka AcAryoM ne usa jJAna ko pramANa mAnA haiM jo kisI naye (athavA ajJAta agRhIta = apUrva) padArtha ko jAnatA ho / akalaMka vidyAnanda tathA mANikyanandi ne uparyukta lakSaNoM kA samanvaya karate hue sva 1. nyAyasUtra 1-1-1 tathA 1-1-3 / 2. anuyogadvArasUtra (sU. 131) ityAdi / 3. nyAyabhASya 1-1-3 / pramIyate aneneti karaNArthAbhidhAno hi pramANazabdaH / 4. tattvArthabhASya 1-12 | pramIyante arthAH taiH iti pramANAni / 5. sarvArthasiddhi 1-12 | pramiNoti pramIyate anena pramitimAtraM vA pramANam / 6. svayambhU stotra 63 | svaparAvabhAsakaM yathA pramANaM bhuvi buddhilakSaNam / 7, AptamImAMsA 101 | tattvajJAnaM pramANaM te yugapat sarvabhAsanam / kramabhAvi ca yajjJAnaM syAdvAdanaya saMskRtam // 28. nyAyAvatAra 1 / pramANaM svaparAbhAsi jJAnaM bAdhavivarjitam / 9. pramANavArtika 2-1 pramANamavisaMvAdi jJAnam | 10. mImAMsAzloka vArtika meM kumArilaH tatrApUrvArthavijJAnaM nizcitaM bAdhavarjitam / aduSTakAraNArabdhaM pramANaM lokasaMmatam // 125

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126 pramAprameyam tathA apUrva artha kA nizcaya karanevAle jJAna ko pramANa kahA hai| / hemacandra ne apUrvArthagrahaNa vizeSaNa ko anAvazyaka samajha kara vastu kA yathArtha nirNa: yahI pramANa kA lakSaNa mAnA hai| AcArya bhAvasena kA padArthayAthAtmya. nizcaya yaha lakSaNa bhI isIkA anusaraNa karatA hai| naiyAyika vidvAnoM ne pramANazabda kI vyutpakti ko hI lakSaNa kA rUpa dene kI paddhati apanAI hai| isa meM pramA kA sAdhana pramANa hotA hai ataH jJAna ke sAtha sAtha indriya. aura padArthoM ke sambandha ko bhI pramANa kahA jAtA hai | pramANa zabda ke ruddha artha meM vizvasanIyatA kA aMza mahattvapUrNa hai - vizvAsayogya jJAna ko hI pramANabhUta samajhA jAtA hai / bauddha aura jaina AcAryoM ke lakSaNa isa artha ke anukUla haiM / isa pakSa meM pramANazabda kA bhAvarUpa artha pramukha hai| naiyAyika vidvAna pramANa zabda ke sAdhana rUpa artha para jora dete haiN| pramANoM ke prakAra (pari0 2) / bhAvasena ne pramANa ke do prakAra batalAye haiM - bhAvapramANa tathA karaNa pramANa; evaM karaNa pramANa ke tIna bhedoM kA (dravya, kSetra, kAla ) grantha ke. antima bhAga (pari. 125-27) meM varNana kiyA hai / ina cAra bhedoM kA ekatrita ullekha anuyogadvArasUtra meM milatA hai kintu vahAM bhAva tathA karaNa yaha vargIkaraNa nahI pAyA jaataa| 1. aSTasahastrI pR. 175 / pramANamavisaMvAdi jJAnamanadhigatArthAdhigama lakSaNatvAt / parIkSAmukha 1-1 svApUrvArtha vyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM prmaannm| 2. pramANamImAMsA 1.1.2 / samyagarthanirNayaH prmaannm| 3. nyAyavArtikatAtparya TIkA pR. 211 pramAsAdhanaM hi pramANam / nyAyasAra pR. 2 / samyaganubhavasAdhanaM pramANam / tarkabhASA pR. 1 / pramAkaraNaM pramANam / nyAyamaMjarI pR. 12 / avyabhicAriNImasandigdhAmarthopalabdhi vidadhatI bodhAbodhasvabhAvA sAmagrI pramANam / isa paramparA meM ullekhanIya apavAda udayana kA hai, unhoMne yathArtha anubhava ko pramANa kahA hai (yathArthAnubhavo mAnam-nyAyakusumAMbali pra.4 shlo.1)| 4. sUtra 131 se kiM taM pamANe / pamANe cauvihe paNNatte, taM jahA damvapamANe khettapamANe kAlapamANe bhAvapamANe /

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tulanA aura samIkSA 127. pratyakSa se bhinna sabhI pramANoM kA parokSa isa saMjJA meM antarbhAva karanA yaha jaina pramANazAstra kI vizeSatA hai / prAyaH sabhI jaina AcAryoM ne isa kA / samarthana kiyA hai / anya darzanoM meM yaha saMjJA nahIM pAI jaatii| ___ anya darzanoM meM pramANoM ke prakAroM kI jo mAnyatAeM haiM una kA saMgraha nimnalikhita zloka meM milatA hai.... cArvAko'dhyakSamekaM sugatakaNabhujau sAnumAnaM sazAbdaM tadvaitaM pAramarSaH sahitamupamayA tattrayaM cAkSapAdaH / arthApattyA prabhAkRd vadati sa nikhilaM manyate bhaTTa etat sAbhAvaM dve pramANe jinapatisamaye spaSTato'spaSTatazca / / arthAta - cArvAka eka pratyakSa hI pramANa mAnate haiM, bauddha aura vaizeSika pratyakSa aura anumAna ye do pramANa mAnate haiM, sAMkhya pratyakSa, anumAna aura zabda ye tIna pramANa mAnate haiM, naiyAyika ina tInoM meM upamAna pramANa aura joDate haiM, prAbhAkara mImAMsaka ina cAroM ke sAtha arthApatti pAMcavAM pramANa mAnate haiM aura bhATTa mImAMsaka ina pAMca meM abhAva yaha chaThA pramANa joDate haiM, jaina mata meM saba pramANa spaSTa (pratyakSa ) aura aspaSTa (parokSa) ina do bhedoM meM samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| pratyakSa pramANa kA lakSaNa ( pari0 3) prAcIna AgamoM ke anusAra pratyakSa pramANa vaha hai jisa meM kevala (indriyoM kI tathA mana kI sahAyatA ke binA hI) AtmA ko padArthoM kA jJAna hotA hai / isa lie avadhi, manaHparyaya tathA kevala ina tIna jJAnoM ko hI ve pratyakSa kahate haiM tathA indriyoM aura mana se honevAle mati aura zruta ina 1. nandIsUtra (sa. 2) taM samAsao duvihaM paNyattaM taM jahA paccakkhaM ca parokkhaM ca // tattvArthastra a. 1 sa. 11, 12 / Adye parokSam / pratyakSamanyat / ityAdi / 2. yaha zloka nyAyAvatAra Tippana (pR. 9-10) meM uddhRta hai / 3. pravacanasAra gA. 585 jaM parado viNNANaM taM tu parokkha ni bhaNidamahesu ! jadi kevaleNa NAdaM vadi hi jIbeNa paccakkhaM / /

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128 pramAprameyam donoM jJAnoM ko parokSa kahate haiM / siddhasena ne jo parokSa nahI hai use pratyakSa kahA hai- pratyakSa kI vidhirUpa vyAkhyA nahIM kI hai| AgamoM kI dUsarI paramparA ke anusAra jaba indriyoM aura mana se prApta jJAna ko vyavahArataH pratyakSa mAnA gayA taba pratyakSa ke lakSaNa meM parivartana jarUrI huaa| akalaMkadeva ne vizada athavA spaSTa jJAna ko pratyakSa kahA tathA use sAkAra yaha vizeSaNa bhI diyA3 / vizada kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA gayA ki jisa jJAna ke lie koI dUsarA jJAna AdhArabhUta nahI hotA vaha vizada arthAta pratyakSa hai?-smRti Adi jJAnoM ke lie pUrvavartI pratyakSa jJAna AdhArabhUta hotA hai isa lie ve parokSa haiM / bhAvasena kA pratyakSa lakSaNa bhI isa vyAkhyA ke anurUpa hai| vAyasUtra meM pratyakSa use kahA gayA hai jo indriya aura padArtha ke sambandha se utpanna, zabda yojanA se pUrvavartI, yathArtha tathA nizcayAtmaka jJAna hotA hai| kintu isa meM yogipratyakSa tathA mAna sapratyakSa kA samAveza nahIM ho sakatA / isa lie vAtsyAyana ne isa sUtra ke indriya zabda meM mana kA antarbhAva karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / bhAsarvajJa ne sampak aparokSa anubhava ke sAdhana ko pratyakSa kahA hai / 1. tattvArthastra a. 1 sU. 9-12 / matizrutAvadhimanaHparyayakevalAni jJAnam / tatpramANe / Adye parokSam / pratyakSamanyat / 2. nyAyAvatAra zlo. 4 / aparokSatayArthasya grAhakaM jJAnamIdRzam / pratyakSa mitarajjJeyaM parokSaM grahaNekSayA / / 3. nyAyavinizcaya zlo. 3 / pratyakSalakSaNaM prAhuH spaSTaM sAkAramaJjasA / 4. parIkSAmukha 2-4 / pratItyantarAcyavadhAnena vizeSavattapA vA pratibhAsanaM vaizadyam / 5. nyAyasUtra 1-1-4 / indriyArthasanni kA~tpannaM jJAnamavyapadezyamavyabhicAri vyavasAyAtmakaM pratyakSam / 6. nyAyabhASya 1-1-4 / AtmAdiSu sukhAdiSu ca pratyakSalakSaNaM vaktavyam ...manasazcendriyabhAvAt tanna vAcyaM lakSaNAntaramiti / 7. nyAyasAra pR. 7 samyagaparokSAnubhavasAdhanaM pratyakSam /

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tulanA aura samIkSA 129 bauddha AcAryoM ne zabdayojanA se pUrvavartI nirvikalpa jJAna ko hI pratyakSa mAnA hai / jaina AcAryoM kA isa viSaya meM yaha mata hai ki vastu ke kalpa grahaNa ko darzana kahA jAya-jJAna nahIM / vaha jJAna hI nahI hotA ataH pramANa bhI nahIM ho sakatA / nirvikalpaka pratyakSa ke khaNDana ke lie bhAvasena ne vizvatatvaprakAza meM eka pariccheda (89) likhA hai / pratyakSa pramANa ke prakAra ( pari0 3 - 9 ) AgamoM kI prAcIna paramparA meM avadhijJAna, manaHparyAyajJAna tathA - kevalajJAna ina tIna prakAroM meM pratyakSapramANa kA vibhAjana milatA hai / isa * kA anusaraNa kundakunda aura umAsvAti ne kiyA hai / ye tInoM jJAna atIkendriya haiM / isa paramparA ke anusAra indriya aura mana dvArA honevAle samasta -jJAna parokSa haiM | AgamoM meM milanevAlI dUsarI paramparA ke anusAra ukta tIna jJAnoM ko noindriyapratyakSa kahA hai tathA sparzanAdi pAMca indriyoM se prApta * jJAna ko indriyapratyakSa kahA hai / ukta virodha ko dUra karane ke lie jina bhadragaNI ne indriyapratyakSa ko saMvyavahArapratyakSa kahate hue avadhi Adi jJAnoM ko mukhya * pratyakSa kahA hai / akalaMkadeva ne pratyakSa ke tIna prakAra kiye haiM- indriyapratyakSa, anindriyapratyakSa (smRti, pratyabhijJA, tarka aura anumAna ye jJAna jaba taka zabdAzrita nahI hote taba taka mana dvArA pratyakSa jAne jAte haiM) tathA atIndriya pratyakSa ( avadhi Adi tIna jJAna ) 5 / ina meM prathama do prakAroM ko 1. pratyakSaM kalpanApoDhamabhrAntam ( nyAyabindu 4 ) 2. ye mUla ullekha Upara uddhRta kara cuke haiM / 3. anuyogadvArasUtra (sU. 144) / paccakkhe duvi he paNNatte / taM jahA iMdiyapaccakkhe a joiMdiyapaccakkhe a / se kiM taM iMdiyapaccavakhe / iMdiyapaccakya paMcavihe paNNatte / taM jahA- soiMdiya paccakkhe cavakhuriMdiyapaccakkhe ghArgidiyapaJcavakhe jibbhidiya paccakkhe phAsiMdiyapaccakakhe / ... NoiMdiyapaccakkhe tivihe paNNatte / taM jadA - oddiNANa paccakkhe maNapajjavaNANapaccavakhe kevalaNa Napaccakkhe | 4. iMdiyamaNobhavaM jaM taM saMvavahArapaccakkhaM / vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA. 95 5. pramANasaMgraha lo. 1| pratyakSaM vizadaM jJAnaM tatvajJAnaM vizadam / indriyapratyakSamanindriyapratyakSa matIndriyapratyakSaM tridhA / pra.pra. 9

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pramAprameyam . unhoM ne bhI saMvyavahAra pratyakSa kahA hai ? | bAda ke AcAryoM ne mukhya tathA saMvyavahAra pratyakSa kA yaha vargIkaraNa mAnya kiyA hai kintu smRti Adi ko unhoM ne anindriyapratyakSa nahIM mAnA hai 2 / bhAvasena ne pratyakSa pramANa ke jo cAra prakAra batalAye haiM una meM yogipratyakSa meM avadhi, manaHparyaya tathA kevala-- jJAna kA samAveza hai arthAta prAcIna Agamika paramparA kA pratyakSa aura akalaMkadeva Adi kI paramparA kA mukhya pratyakSa hI yahAM yogipratyakSa kahA gayA hai3 / indriyapratyakSa bhI ina pUrvAcAryoM dvArA varNita saMvyavahArapratyakSa kA eka bhAga hai / mAnasapratyakSa kA saMvyavahArapratyakSa meM antarbhAva kiyA jA sakatA hai - umAsvAti ne matijJAna ko indriya-anindriyanimittaka mAnA hai, jinabhadra ne saMvyavahArapratyakSa ko indriyamanobhava kahA hai tathA akalaMkadeva ne to anindriyapratyakSa kA spaSTa hI varNana kiyA hai| kintu bhAvasena ne mAnasapratyakSa kI jo viSayamaryAdA batalAI hai ( AtmA ke sukha, duHkha, harSa, icchA. Adi kA jJAna hI mAnasapratyakSa kA viSaya hai ) vaha akalaMkavarNita anindriyapratyakSa ke anukUla nahI hai| bhAvasena ke svasaMvedanapratyakSa kA bhI svatantra prakAra ke rUpa meM varNana anya jaina granthoM meM nahI pAyA jAtA, phira. bhI jJAna apane Apa ko jAnatA hai isa viSaya meM jaina AcArya ekamata haiM, 1. laghIyastraya zlo. 4 / tatra sAMvyavahArikamindriyAnindriya pratyakSam / / mukhyamatIndriyajJAnam / 2. laghIyastraya zlo. 10-11 para prabhAcandra kI vyAkhyA isa dRSTi se dekhaneyogya hai| 3. yahAM draSTavya hai ki bhAvasena ne yogipratyakSa meM kevalajJAna, manaHparyayajJAna tathA avadhijJAna ko samAviSTa kiyA hai, ina meM pahale do jJAna to sirpha yogiyoM ko ( mahAvratadhArI muniyoM ko) hote haiM kintu avadhijJAna gRhasthoM ko bhI hotA hai / jinezvaramUri ne pramAlakSma ( zlo. 3 ) meM isI prakAra yogivijJAna zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, yathA- pratyakSaM yogivijJAnamavadhimanaso gama: / kevalaM ca tridhA proktaM yoginAM trividhatvataH / / 4. bhAvasena ne vizvatattvaprakAza (pari. 38 ) meM isa viSaya kI carcA vistAra se kI hai|

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tulanA aura samIkSA 131 pramANa ke lakSaNa meM bhI unhoM ne svaparAbhAsi, svaparavyavasAyAtmaka jaise zabdoM dvArA sva kA jJAna samAviSTa kiyA hai| __ bhAvasena dvArA varNita ina cAra prakAroM ke nAma to bauddha granthoM ke anukUla haiM kintu bauddha AcAryo dvArA una kA jo svarUpa batAyA gayA hai vaha bhAvasenavarNita svarUpa se bhinna hai / bauddhoM ne mAnasapratyakSa ko vaha jJAna mAnA hai jo indriyoM dvArA padArtha kA jJAna hone ke bAda ke kSaNa meM usI padArtha ke uttarakSaNavartI santAna ke bAre meM mana ko hotA hai-arthAta ve bAhya padArthoM ko hI mAnasa pratyakSa kA viSaya mAnate haiN| yogipratyakSa ko bauddha AcArya nirvikalpa hI mAnate haiM / svasaMvedanapratyakSa kA svarUpa bhI bauddha mata ke anusAra nirvikalpa hai| nyAyamUtra meM pratyakSa kA jo lakSaNa hai vaha kevala indriyapratyakSa kA hI hai| kintu udyotakara tathA vAcaspati ne mAnasa pratyakSa tathA yogipratyakSa kA astitva svIkAra kiyA hai / yaha bhI bhAvasenavarNita pratyakSaprakAroM se bhinna haiM kyoM ki ye AcArya bAhya padArthoM ko bhI mAnasapratyakSa kA viSaya mAnate haiM / jJAna kA svasaMvedana nyAyadarzana meM mAnya nahIM hai ataH isa pratyakSa prakAra ko ve nahIM mAna skte| siddhasena ne anumAna ke samAna pratyakSa ke bhI svArtha aura parArtha ye do bheda kiye haiN| kintu anya AcAryoM ne isa vargIkaraNa kI ora dhyAna nahI diyA / 1. nyAyabindu pR.12-14| kalpanApoDhamabhrAntaM pratyakSam / taccaturvidham / indriyajJAnam / svaviSayAnantaraviSayasahakAriNendriyajJAnena samanantarapratyayena janitaM tanmanovijJAnam / sarvacittacattAnAmAtmasaMvedanam / bhUtArthabhAvanAprakarSaparyantajaM yogijJAnaM ceti / 2. yaha lakSaNa Upara uddhRta kiyA hai / 3. nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA pR. 183 / icchAdayaH khalu dhAmaNo bhavanti mAnasapratyakSadRSTAH / pR. 203 / yogipratyakSaM svargAdiviSayam / 4. nyAyAvatAra zlo. 11 / pratyakSeNAnumAnena prasiddhArthaprakAzanAt / parasya tadupAyatvAt parArthatvaM dUyorapi / /

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12 pramAprameyam bhAsarvajJa ne pratyakSa ke yogipratyakSa aura ayogipratyakSa ye do prakAra kiye haiM aura ina ko punaH savikalpaka tathA nirvikalpaka ina prakAroM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| indriyapratyakSa (pari0 4) isa pariccheda meM indriyoM ke prakAra, AkAra tathA viSayoM kA jo varNana hai vaha mukhyataH tattvArthasUtra kI paramparA ke anusAra hai / indriyoM kA prApyakAritva (pari0 5) nyAyasUtra ke pratyakSalakSaNa ke anusAra indriyoM kA padArtha se saMbaMdha (sannikarSa) hone para pratyakSa jJAna hotA hai / tadanusAra nyAyadarzana meM sabhI indriyoM ke prApyakArI (prApta padArtha kA jJAna karAnevAle) mAnA gayA hai / bauddha AcAryoM kA mata hai ki mana, kAna tathA AMkheM - ye tIna indriya aprApyakArI haiM -padArtha se asaMbaddha raha kara hI ye padArtha kA jJAna karAte haiN| jaina AcAryoM ne kAna ko prApyakArI tathA AMkha ko aprApyakArI mAnA hai / bhAvasena ne mana kA samAveza prApyakArI tathA aprApyakArI donoM 1. nyAyasAra pR. 7-13 / tad dvividhaM yogipratyakSamayogipratyakSaM ceti / ... tacca punardvividham / savikalpakaM nirvikalpakaM ca / 2. tattvArthastra a. 2 sU. 15-21 / paJcendriyANi / dvividhAni / nirvatyupakaraNe dravyendriyam / labdhyupayogI bhAghendriyam / sparzanarasanadhrANacakSaHotrANi / sparzarasagandhavarNazabdAH tadarthAH / sutamanindriyasya / 3. yaha lakSaNa Upara uddhRta kiyA hai / 4. aprAptAnyacimanaHzrotrANi / abhidhamakoza 1 / 43 / 5. vastutaH kAna tathA AMkha donoM samAna rUpa se prApyakArI haiM-dhvanitaraMga prApta hone para kAna se zabda kA jJAna hotA hai usI prakAra prakAzakiraNa prApta hone para AMkha se raMga kA jJAna hotA hai| kintu raMga ke jJAna meM prakAza ke mahattva kI ora jaina AcAryoM kA dhyAna nahI gayA hai / AMkha ke prApyakAritva kI carcA bhAvasena ne vizvatattvaprakAza (pari. 68) meM kI hai|

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tulanA aura samIkSA meM kiyA hai - apane Apa ke sukha, duHkha Adi ke jJAna meM mana prApyakArI hotA hai kintu smRti Adi parokSa jJAnoM meM vaha aprApyakArI hotA hai| yaha bAta anyatra hamAre avalokana meM nahIM aaii| avagraha Adi jJAna (pari0 6) ___ yaha varNana mukhyataH tattvArthasUtra kI paramparA ke anusAra hai| kintu abhyasta viSayoM meM avagraha tathA IhA nahI hote yaha bhAvasena kA kathana anyatra prApta nahI hotaa| yogipratyakSa (pari0 7) ___sarvajJa ke jJAna meM AtmA aura antaHkaraNa ke saMyoga kI jo bAta bhAvasena ne kahI hai vaha jaina paramparA ke anukUla nahI pratIta hotii| saMbhavataH naiyAyika paramparA ke prabhAva se aisI zabdaracanA huI hai| indriyapratyakSa ke varNana meM bhI AcArya ne isI prakAra ' AtmA ke avadhAna tathA avyagra mana ke sahakArya se yukta nirdoSa indriya se pratyakSa jJAna prApta hotA hai' jaise zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / avadhijJAna kA vivaraNa tattvArthasUtra kI paramparA ke anusAra hai / manaHparyAyajJAna (pari0 8) ___ manaHparyAya kA vivaraNa tatvArthasUtra kI paramparA ke anusAra hai / kintu yaha jJAna mana dvArA hotA hai yaha kathana paramparA ke pratikUla hai / 1. tattvArthasUtra a. 1 mU. 15 / avagrahe haavaaydhaarnnaaH| 2. avadhi, mana:paryaya tathA kevala jJAna meM indriya aura mana kI apekSA nahI hotI- tattvArtharAjavArtika a. 1 sU. 12 / indriyAnindriyAna pekSam atItavyabhicAraM sAkAragrahaNaM pratyakSam / 3. tattvArthasUtra a. 1 sU. 21-22 / bhavapratyayovadhidevanArakANAm / kSayopazamanimittaH SaDvikalpa: zeSANAm / 4. tasvArthasUtra a. 1 sa. 23 RjuvipulamatI manaHparyayaH /

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134 pramAprameyam svasaMvedanapratyakSa (pari0 9) isa kA vivecana Upara pratyakSa ke prakAroM meM ho cukA hai / pratyakSa ke AbhAsa (pari0 10) isa meM anadhyavasAya ko AcArya ne pratyakSAbhAsa meM nahI ginAyA hai tathA use jJAna kA abhAva mAnA hai / anadhyavasAya kA pramANAbhAsa meM antabharbhAva vAdidevasUri ne kiyA hai, usI kA yaha khaNDana pratIta hotA hai| bhAsarvajJa ne anadhyavasAya kA antarbhAva saMzaya meM kiyA hai / parokSa pramANa ke prakAra (pari0 11) Upara kahA jA cukA hai ki tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra mati aura zruta (arthAta indriya aura mana se prApta samasta jJAna ) ye jJAna parokSa haiM / ina meM zrutajJAna ko parokSa mAnane ke viSaya meM sabhI jaina AcArya ekamata haiN| kucha lekhakoM ne zruta kI jagaha pravacana athavA Agama jaise zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai itanAhI pharka hai / matijJAna (indriya aura mana se prApta jJAna) ko jinabhadra Adi AcAryoM ne vyavahArataH pratyakSa mAnA hai yaha Upara batA cuke haiN| matijJAna ke hI nAmAntara ke rUpa meM smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura abhinibodha ina cAra zabdoM kA ullekha tattvArthasUtra meM hai| akalaMkadeva ne ina zabdoM ko kramazaH smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka tathA anumAna ina cAra bhedoM kA vAcaka mAnA hai| isa prakAra parokSapramANa ke pAMca bheda hote haiM -smRti, pratyabhijJAna, 1. pramANanayatattvAloka 6-25 / yathA sannikarSAdyasvasaMviditaparAnavabhAsakajJAnadarzanaviparyayasaMzayAnadhyavasAyAH / 2, nyAyasAra pR. 4 | anavadhAraNatvAvizeSAt UhAnadhyavasAyayorna sNshyaadrthaantrbhaavH| 3. tattvArthastra 1.13 matiH smRtiH saMjJA cintA bhiniyodha ityanAntaram 4. ve ina jJAnoM ko zabdayojanA ke pahale pratyakSa mAnate haiM tathA zandayojanA ke bAda parokSa mAnate haiM yaha Upara batA cuke haiN|

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tulanA aura samIkSA 135 tarka, anumAna tathA Agama' | bhAvasena ne ina bhedoM meM eka aura prakAra - UhApoha joDA hai / tarka ke artha meM Uha zabda kA prayoga pahale hotA thaa| bhAvasena ne tarka aura UhApoha meM bhinnatA batalAI hai jisa kA tAtparya yaha pratIta hotA hai ki jisa avinAbhAvasaMbandha kA jJAna anumAna meM prayukta hotA ho use tarka kahanA cAhiye tathA aisA jo jJAna anumAna meM prayukta na hotA ho use UhApoha kahanA caahiye| yaha bheda anyatra dekhane meM nahIM aataa| yaha bhI dekhaneyogya hai ki siddhasena tathA una ke TIkAkAroM ne parokSa pramANa ke do hI prakAroM kA - anumAna tathA Agama kA varNana kiyA hai3 / isa mata kA AdhAra nandIsUtra meM milatA hai jahAM parokSa jJAna ko Abhinibodhika tathA zruta ina do bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai / smRti ( pari0 12) anya darzanoM meM smRti ko pramANa meM antarbhUta nahI kiyA jAtA kyoM ki smRti meM kisI naye padArtha kA jJAna nahI hotA - vaha purAne pratyakSa jJAna para AdhArita hotI hai| kintu akalaMkadeva kA kathana hai ki smRti ko pramANa mAnanA cAhie kyoM ki pratyakSa para AdhArita hote hue bhI vaha padArtha ke svarUpa se visaMvAdI nahI hotI-aura jo bhI jJAna avisaMvAdI ho vaha pramANa hotA hai| uttaravartI jaina AcAryoM ne isI kA anusaraNa kiyA hai / bhAvasena kA smRti-varNana prAyaH parIkSAmukha ke zabdoM para AdhArita hai| 1. parIkSAmukha 3-1,2 / parokSamitarat / pratyakSAdinimittaM smRtipratyabhijJAnatarkAnumAnAgamabhedam ! 2. parIkSAmukha 3-7 / upalambhAnupalambhanimittaM vyApti jJAnamUhaH / 3. nyAyAvatAraTIkA pR. 33 / (parokSam ) sAmAnya lakSaNa sadbhAvAdekAkAramapi vipratipattinirAkaraNArtha dvidhA bhidyate tad yathA anumAna zAbdaM ceti / 4. sUtra 24 / parokkhanANaM duvihaM paNNattaM taM jahA AbhimibohiyanANaparokhaM ca suyanANaparokkhaM ca / 5. nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA pR. 21 / pramAsAdhanaM hi pramANam / na ca smRtiH prmaa| 6. pramANasaMgraha zlo, 10 / pramANamarthasaMvAdAt pratyakSAnvayinI smRtiH / 7. parIkSAmukha 3-3 / saMskArobodhanibandhanA tadityAkArA smRtiH|

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136 pramAprameyam pratyabhijJAna (pari0 13) pratyabhijJAna zabda kA artha hai pahacAnanA / kintu isa pramANa meM AcAryoM ne pahacAnane ke sAtha sAtha samAnatA, bhinnatA, nikaTatA, dUratA, choTAI, baDAI, UMcAI jaise tulanAtmaka jJAna ke sabhI prakAroM kA samAveza kiyA hai / isa taraha nyAyadarzana ke upamAna pramANa kA ( jisa meM eka cIja kI samAnatA se dUsarI cIja jAnI jAtI hai2 ) yaha vikasita rUpa hai| bauddha AcAryoM ne isa pramANa ko bhramapUrNa mAnA hai kyoM ki ve pratyeka padArtha ko kSaNasthAyI mAnate haiM aura kSaNasthAyI padArtha kI tulanA karanA saMbhava nahI hotA / isa kA khaNDana bhAvasena ne vizvatatvaprakAza (pari0 (7): meM kiyA hai / isa ke tulanAtmaka TippaNa vahAM dekhane cAhieM / anuyogadvAra sUtra ( sR. 144 ) meM aupamya pramANa isa saMjJA meM pratyabhijJAna ke prakAroM kA antarbhAva kiyA hai| vahAM aupamya ke do prakAra batalAye haiM- sAdhopanIta tathA vaidhayopanIta / ina donoM ke tIna-tIna prakAra kiye. haiM- kiMcit sAdhopanIta, prAyaHsAdhamyopanIta tathA sarvasAdhopanIta, isI prakAra vaidharmya ke bhI kiMcit , prAyaH tathA sarva ye prakAra haiM / UhApoha ( pari0 14) isa kA vivecana Upara parokSa ke prakAroM meM ho cukA hai| tarka (pari0 15) bhAvasena ne tarka zabda kA upayoga do arthoM meM kiyA hai| isa pariccheda meM vyApti ke jJAna ko tarka kahA hai| Age pari. 43 meM pratipakSa meM AtmAzraya, itaretarAzraya Adi doSa batalAnA yaha tarka kA svarUpa batalAyA hai| 1. parIkSAmukha 3-5, 6 / darzana smaraNakAraNakaM saMkalanaM pratyabhijJAnam tadevedaM tatsadRzaM tad vilakSaNaM tat pratiyogItyAdi / yathA sa evAyaM devadattA, gosadRzo gavayaH govilakSaNo mahiSaH idamasmAd dUraM vRkSo'yamityAdi / 2. nyAyasUtra 1-1-6 / prasiddhasAdhAt sAdhyasAdhanamupamAnam /

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tulanA aura samIkSA vyApti ke jJAna ko taka athavA Uha yaha saMjJA akalaMkadeva ne dI thI . tathA mANikyanandi ne una kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| yaha pramANa kA prakAra pratyakSa aura anumAna pramANoM se bhinna hai isa bAta kA vistRta samarthana vAdIbhasiMha kI syAdvAdasiddhi meM (prakaraNa 13) pAyA jAtA hai| __ nyAyasUtra meM tarka zabda kA prayoga isa se bhinna artha meM huA hai| anumAna ke lie upayogI vicAravimarza ko vahAM tarka kahA hai / una ke . kathanAnusAra tarka na pramANa hai, na apramANa, vaha pramANa ke lie upayogI hai| anumAna ke prakAra (pari0 16, 26-29) __ AcArya ne yahAM tIna prakAroM meM anumAna kA vibhAjana kiyA hai / svArtha tathA parArtha ina prakAroM kA varNana prazastapAda, siddhasena Adi ke anusAra hai / kevalAnvayI, kevalavyatirekI, tathA anvayavyatirekI ina tIna prakAroM kA varNana udyotakara Adi ke anusAra hai / kintu dRSTa, sAmAnyatodRSTa tathA adRSTa ye jo prakAra AcArya ne batalAye haiM ve anyatra dekhane meM nahI Aye / nyAyasUtra meM anumAna ke tIna prakAra batalAye haiM - pUrvavat ( kAraNa se kArya kA anumAna), zeSavat ( kArya se kAraNa kA anumAna ) tathA sAmAnyatodRSTa (kAryakAraNabhAva se bhinna sambandhoM para AdhArita anumaan)| vAcaspati ne sAMkhyatattvakaumudI meM anumAna ke do prakAra batalAye haiM - vIta (vidhipara) tathA avIta (nissedhpr)| 1. nyAyavinizcaya 329 / sa tarkapariniSThitaH / avinAbhAvasaMbandhaH sAka-. lyenAvadhAryate / 2. upalambhAnupalambhanimittaM vyAptijJAnamUhaH / parIkSAmukha 3-7 / 3. nyAyasUtra 1.1-40 / avijJAtatattverSe kAraNopapattitastattvajJAnArthamUhastakaH / nyAyabhASya 1-1-40 kathaM punarayaM tattvajJAnArtho na tattvajJAnameveti / anavadhAraNAt anujAnAtyayamekataraM dharma kAraNopapattyA na tvavadhAna yAta na vyavasthati na nizcinoti evamevedamiti / 4. nyAyAvatAra zlo. 11 ( Upara uddhRta kiyA hai)| 5. nyAyavArtika pR. 46, 6. nyAyasAra (pR. 18 ) meM hetu ke do prakAra dRSTa aura sAmAnyatodRSTa batalAye hai, adRSTa kA ullekha vahAM nahI hai| 7. nyAyasUtra 1-1-5 atha tatpUrvakaM trividhamanumAnaM pUrvavaccheSavat sAmAnyatodRSTaM ca / 8. pRSTha 30 /

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pramAprameyam " anuyogadvArasUtra (sU. 144 ) meM anumAna ke pUrvavat zeSavat tathA - dRSTasAdharmyavat ye tIna prakAra batalAye haiM tathA zeSavat ke pAMca prakAra kiye haiM - kArya se, kAraNa se, guNa se, avayava se, Azraya se / vaizeSika darzana meM anumAna ke jo pAMca prakAra batalAye haiM ve ina se milate julate haiM / 16-21 ) anumAna ke avayava ( pari0 nyAyasUtra meM anumAna ke pAMca avayava batalAye haiM-pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, upanaya tathA nigamana | vAtsyAyana ne isa prasaMga meM anumAna ke dasa avayavoM kI eka paramparA kA ullekha kiyA hai jisa meM pUrvokta pAMca avayavoM ke sAtha jijJAsA, saMzaya, zakyaprApti, prayojana tathA saMzayaviccheda ye avayava adhika joDe jAte the / dazavaikAlika niyukti meM bhadrabAhu ne bhI dasa avayavoM kI gaNanA batalAI hai, vaha isa prakAra hai-pratijJA, pratijJAvibhakti, hetu, hetuvibhakti, vipakSa, vipakSapratiSetra, dRSTAnta, AzaMkA, AzaMkApratiSedha aura nigamana' / prazastapAda ne anumAna ke pAMcahI avayava batAye haiM kintu unake nAma aura krama nyAyasUtra se bhinna haiM, ye avayava haiM - apadeza ( vyApti kA kathana ), sAdharmya - nidarzana ( samAnatA batAnevAlA dRSTAnta ), vaidhamyaM nidarzana ( bhinnatA batAnevAlA dRSTAnta), anusandhAna ( pakSa meM hetu kA astitva jAnanA ) tathA pratyAmnAya ( pakSa meM sAdhya kI siddhi ) / prastuta prasaMga meM bhAvasena ne nyAyasUna Adi meM varNita pratijJA ke do bhAga kiye haiM- pakSa aura sAdhya / ina donoM kA varNana to pahale ke lekhakoM 138 w 1. asyedaM kAraNaM kArye saMbandhi ekArtha mavAyi virodhi ceti laiGgikam / 2. nyAyasUtra 1-1-32 / pratijJAhe tUdAharaNopanayanigamanAnyavayavAH / 3. nyAyabhASya 1-1-32 / dazAvayavAne ke naiyAyikAH vAkye saMcakSate jijJAsA saMzayaH zakyaprAptiH prayojanaM saMzayavyudAsa iti / 4. gAthA 142 te u paDinnavibhattI heu vibhattI vipakkha paDiseze / dito AsaMkA tappaDiseho nigamagaM ca // yahAM pahale do avayavoM meM vibhakti - zabda spaSTIkaraNa ke artha meM AyA hai /

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tulanA aura samIkSA 139 - ne kiyA hai kintu avayavoM ke rUpa meM pRthaka gaNanA nahI kI gaI hai ' / mANikyanandi ke kathanAnusAra bAda meM jo anumAna prayukta hote haiM una meM pratijJA aura hetu ye do hI avayava hone caahieN| udAharaNa, upanaya tathA nigamana ina kA prayoga to kevala ziSyoM ko samajhAne ke lie kiya jA sakatA hai, bAda meM ina kA upayoga nahI aisA una kA kathana hai / isa kI carcA bhAvasena ne nahIM kI hai| patra ke aMgoM kI carcA meM (pari. 100 ) isa kA ullekha jarUra huA hai / siddhasena ne anumAnavAkya ko pakSAdivacanAtmaka kahA hai / una ke TIkAkAroM ne isa kA artha yaha kiyA hai ki anumAna vAkya meM eka ( kevala hetu ), do ( pakSa, hetu ), tIna ( pakSa, hetu dRSTAnta) pAMca (uparyukta) yA dasa avayavoM kA AvazyakatAnusAra prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai / siddharSi ne dasa avayavoM meM pakSa ityAdi pAMca avayavoM ke -sAtha una pAMca avayavoM kI nirdoSatA ko zAmila kiyA hai / jinezvara ne una kA samarthana kiyA hai 6 / * 1. kiMbahunA pakSa aura sAdhya meM viziSTa rUpa meM ekatva bhI batAyA gayA - yathA - sAdhyAbhyupagamaH pakSaH ( nyAyAvatAra zlo. 14 ), sAdhyaM dharmaH kvacit tadviziSTo vA dharmI, pakSa iti yAvat ( parIkSAmukha 3 - 20, 21 ) / 2. parIkSAmukha 3 - 32, 41 / etad dvayamevAnumAnAGgaM nodAharaNam / bAlayutattyarthaM tattrayopagame zAstra evAsau na vAde tadanupayogAt / 3. nyAyAvatAra zlo. 13 / parArthamanumAnaM tat pazcAdivacanAtmakam | 4. pramAlakSma shlo.56| kvacid hetuH kvacidjJAtaM kvacit pakSopi sammataH / - paJcAvayavayukto'pi dazadhA vA kvacinmataH || 5. nyAyAvatAraTIkA ( zlo. 13 )| dazAvayavaM sAdhanaM pratipAdanopAyaH tadyathA pakSAdayaH paJca tacchuddhayazca / 6. pramAlakSma ( zlo. 56 ) | pratyakSAdinirAkRtapakSa zeSaparihAraH asiddhaviruddhAnaikAntikadoSaparihAro jJAte sAdhyasAdhanomayavikalatAdiparihAraH durupanI* tatAparihAro durnigamita parihAro vaktavya iti /

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140 pramAprameyam hetu kA svarUpa (pari0 19 tathA 22-25) nyAyasUtra ke anusAra hetu vaha hotA hai jo udAharaNa kI samAnatA se yA bhinnatA se sAdhya ko siddha kare / dignAga ne udAharaNa kI samAnatA aura bhinnatA ko vyavasthita rUpa meM prastuta karate hue kahA ki jo pakSa meM hai, sapakSa meM hai tathA vipakSa meM nahI hai vaha hetu hotA hai / isa para kumArila kA kathana thA ki hetu kA pakSa meM astitva sarvadA hotA hI hai aisA nahI hai - bADha se bhArI varSA kA jahAM anumAna hotA hai vahAM bADha yaha hetu varSA ke sthAna se bahuta dUra hotA hai / isI bAta ko dekhate hue AcAryoM ne bhI mAnA ki pakSa - sapakSa - vipakSa kI carcA na karate hue hetu use mAnA jAya jisa ke binA sAdhya kI upapatti na lagatI ho / yadi hetu meM anyathAnupapatti hai to anya guNa hoM yA na hoM - isa se koI pharaka nahI pddtaa| isa anyathAnupapatti lakSaNa ke pratipAdana kA zreya AcArya pAtrakesarI ko diyA jAtA hai / tathA siddhasena, akalaMkadeva Adi ne isI lakSaNa ko mAnA hai| kintu isa prasaMga meM bhAvasena ne vyAptimAn pakSadharma yaha hetu kA lakSaNa batlA kara pUrvaparampaga kI upekSA kI hai, yahAM ve bauddha-paramparA se prabhAvita pratIta hote haiN| sAtha hI hetu ke chaha guNa batalA kara unhoM ne naiyAyika 1. nyAyasUtra 1-1-34, 35 / udAharaNasAdhAt sAdhyasAdhanaM hetuH / tathA vaidhAt / 2. tatra yaH san sajAtIye dvedhA cAsaMstadatyaye ! sa hetuH viparIto'smAdasiddhonyastvanizcitaH / / udhRta-nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA pR. 289 3. pari. 24 meM uddhRta zloka dekhie / hemacandra tathA devam ri ne inheM bhaTTa (kumArila ) ke nAma se uddhRta kiyA hai kintu kumArila ke upalabdha granthoM meM ye nahI milte| 4. nyAyAvatAra zlo. 22 / anyAthanupapannatvaM hetorlakSaNamIritam / nyAyavinizcaya zlo. 323 anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim / nAnyathAnu. papannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim / / ( yaha zloka pAtrakesarI kA hai tathA akalaMkadevane / uddhRta kiyA hai)|

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tulanA aura samIkSA 141 paramparA kA bhI saMgraha kiyA hai / naiyAyika paramparA meM hetu ke pAMca guNa mAne gaye haiM - pakSadharmatva, sapakSa meM sattva, vipakSa meM asatva, abAdhita viSaya honA tathA pratipakSa sat na honA' / bhAvasena ne isa ke sAtha asiddhasAdhakatva yaha guNa bhI joDA hai / hetu ke chaha guNoM kI eka dUsarI paramparA bhI rahI hai| isa meM pUrvokta pAMca guNoM ke sAtha jJAtatva yaha guNa joDA gayA hai| isa kA ullekha arcaTakRta hetubinduTIkA meM milatA hai | hetu pakSa kA dharma nahI bhI hotA isa viSaya meM bhAvasena ne jisa pUrvapakSa kA khaNDana kiyA hai vaha vAdIbhasiMha kI syAdvAdasiddhi meM vistRta rUpa se milatA hai| dRSTAnta (pari0 20 ) bhAvasena ke varNanAnusAra dRSTAnta vaha hotA hai jo vAdI aura prativAdI donoM ko mAnya ho| unhoM ne isa ke do prakAra batalAye haiM - anvaya tathA vyatireka / nyAyasUtra meM kahA hai ki dRSTAnta laukika tathA parIkSaka donoM ko mAnya honA cAhie / vahAM isa ke prakAroM ko sAdharmya tathA vaidharmya ye nAma diye haiM / siddhasena ne vAdI-prativAdI yA laukika-parIkSaka kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai - sAdhya aura sAdhana kA nizcita sambandha jisa meM dikhAI de use 1. nyAyasAra pR. 20 / tatra paJcarUpaH anvayavyatirekI / rUpANi tu pradayante / pakSadharmatvaM sapakSe sattvaM vipakSAd vyAvRttiH abAdhitaviSayatvamasat. pratipakSatvaM ceti / 2. akalaMkaanyatraya prastAvanA pR. 63 / 3. pra. 4 zlo. 82-83 hetuprayogakAle tu tadviziSTasya dharmiNaH / kiM ca pakSAdidharmatve'pyantApterabhAvataH / tatputratvAdihetUnAM gamakatvaM na dRzyate / pakSadharmatvahIno'pi gamakaH kRttikodayaH // 4. nyAyasUtra 1-1-25 / laukikaparIkSakANAM yasminnarthe buddhisAmyaM sa dRSTAntaH /

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142 pramAprameyam dRSTAnta kahA hai / devasUri ne isI bAta ko prakArAntara se kahA hai 2 / anumAna meM anvaya aura vyatireka (pari0 26-28 ) yahAM hetu ke anusAra anumAna ke tIna prakAra batalAye haiM - kevalA -- nvayI, kevalavyatirekI aura anvayavyatirekI / ina ke pratipAdana kA zreya udyotakara ko diyA jAtA hai / ina meM anvayavyatirekI anumAna to sarvamAnya hai / kintu kevalAnvayI aura kevalavyatirekI ke bAre meM matabheda hai / AcArya ne yahAM isa viSaya kI jo carcA kI hai vaha prAyaH zabdazaH vizvatattvaprakAza (pari. 16 - 17) meM bhI prApta hotI hai / jayanta ne kevalAnvayI hetu ko pramANa nahI mAnA hai / kevalavyatirekI ke bAre meM kezavamizra kA kahanA hai ki isa se koI naI bAta mAlUma nahI hotI, yaha to kisI vastusamUha kA lakSaNa batalAne kA eka prakAra hai5 / hetvAbhAsa (pari0 30-39 ) nyAyasUtra meM hetvAbhAsa ke pAMca prakAra batalAye haiM - savyabhicAra ( jo samAna tathA viruddha donoM pakSoM meM milatA ho ), viruddha ( jo viruddha, pakSa meM hI ho ), prakaraNasama ( jisa kA pratipakSa samAna rUpa se saMbhava ho ), sAdhyasama (jise siddha karanA jarUrI ho ) tathA kAlAtIta ( jisa ke. 1. nyAyAvatAra zlo. 18 - 19 / sAdhyasAdhanayorvyAptiryatra nizcIyatetarAm / sAdhamryeNa sa dRSTAntaH saMbandhasmaraNAnmataH || sAdhye nivartamAne tu sAdhanasyApya-saMbhavaH / khyApyate yatra dRSTAnte vaidhamyaiNeti sa smRtaH // 2. pramANanayatattvAloka 1-43 / pratibandhapratipatterAspadaM dRSTAntaH / 3. nyAyavArtikatAtparya TIkA pR. 171. 4. nyAyamaMjarI bhA. 2 pR. 138 / kevalAnvayI heturnAstyeva, sAmAnyalakSaNaM tu anumAnalakSaNAt sAdhyasAdhanapadAt vA avagantavyam, bhASyAkSarANi tu : kathamapyupekSiSyAmahe / 5. tarkabhASA pR. 11 lakSaNamapi kevalavyatirekI hetuH - atra ca vyavahAraH sAdhyaH /

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tulanA aura samIkSA 143. udAharaNa kA kAla sAdhya ke kAla se bhinna ho)| uttarakAlIna naiyAyika AcAryoM ne sAdhyasama ke lie asiddha isa saMjJA kA prayoga kiyA, kAlAtIta ke lie kAlAtyayApadiSTa zabda kA tathA savyabhicAra ke lie anaikAntikaH zabda kA prayoga kiyA / kAlAtyayApadiSTa ke artha meM bhI bheda huA - jisa kA sAdhya bAdhita ho use yaha nAma diyA gayA / udyotakara tathA jayanta ne isa paddhati kA varNana kiyA hai2 | bhAsarvajJa ne ina pAMca ke sAtha anadhyavasita yaha chaThavAM prakAra joDA / jo kevala pakSa meM ho (sapakSa yA vipakSa meM na ho) kintu sAdhya ko siddha na kara sake vaha anadhyavasita hetvAbhAsa hotA hai| bhAvasena ne ina chaha prakAroM ke sAtha akiMcitkara yaha prakAra joDA hai - jo siddha sAdhya ke bAre meM ho vaha akiMcitkara hetvAbhAsa hotA hai| kintu prakaraNasama hetvAbhAsa ke varNana meM ve spaSTa karate haiM ki yaha anaikAntika se bhinna nahI hai / bauddha AcArya hetvAbhAsa ke tIna hI prakAra mAnate haiM - asiddha, viruddha tathA saMdigdha ( ise anaikAntika yA anizcita bhI kahA hai ) / siddhasena, devasUri Adi ne isI prakAra varNana kiyA hai / akalaMkadeva ne asiddha Adi prakAroM ko eka hI akiMcitkara hetvAbhAsa ke prakAra mAnA hai| jo bhI hetu anyathA upapanna ho sakatA hai ( sAdhya 1. nyAyasUtra 1-2-4 / savyabhicAraviruddhaprakaraNamamasAdhyasamakAlAtItA detvaabhaasaaH| 2. nyAyamaMjarI bhA. 2 pR. 153-68. 3. nyAyasAra pR. 25-35. 4. mANikya nandi ne akiMcitkara meM isa prakAra ke sAtha kAlAtyayApadiSTa ko bhI antarbhUta kiyA hai (parIkSAmukha 6-35 ) / 5. isa viSaya meM dignAga kA zloka Upara uddhRta kiyA hai / 6. nyAyAvatAra zlo. 23 / asiddhastvapratIto yo yo'nyathaivopapadyate / viruddho yo'nyathApyatra yukto'naikAntikaH sa tu||; pramANanayatattvAloka 6-47 /

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144 pramAprameyam ke vinA bhI jisa kI upapatti lagatI hai arthAta sAdhya se jisa kA avinAbhAva saMbandha nahI hai ) vaha akiMcitkara hetvAbhAsa hai - asiddha Adi usI ke prakAra haiM / kintu mANikyanandi ne hetu ke lakSaNa meM parivartana na karate hue bhI hetvAbhAsa ke cAra prakAra kiye haiM / ve asiddha Adi tIna prakAroM ke sAtha akiMcitkara yaha cauthA prakAra mAnate haiM ( jo siddha yA bAdhita sAdhya meM prayukta ho use ve akiMcitkara kahate haiM ) 2 / bhAvasena ne asiddha Adi hetvAbhAsoM ke kaI upabhedoM kA jo varNana kiyA hai vaha prAyaH zabdazaH bhAsarva jJake anusAra hai / anya jaina AcAyoM ne ina upabhedoM ke varNana meM ruci nahI dikhAI hai / bhAvasena ne svayaM bhI vizvatattvaprakAza (pR. 41 ) meM asiddha ke do hI prakAra batalAye haiMavidyamAna sattAka aura avidyamAnanizcaya / prabhAcandra ne vizeSyAsiddha Adi prakAroM kA avidyamAnasattAka asiddha meM samAveza kiyA hai" / dRSTAntAbhAsa ( pari0 40-42 ) bhAvasena ne anvayadRSTAnta ke chaha tathA vyatirekadRSTAnta ke chaha AbhAsa batAye haiM / inakA varNana bhAsarvajJa ke anusAra hai" / jayanta ne anvaya aura vyatireka donoM dRSTAntoM ke pAMca-pAMca AbhAsa batalAye haiM - unhoMne Azrayavikala kA varNana nahI kiyA hai tathA apradarzitavyApti ke sthAna para ananvaya kA varNana kiyA hai / siddharSi ne ina AbhAsoM kI saMkhyA to bAraha hI mAnI hai kintu svarUpa bhinna prakAra se batAyA hai - sAdhyavikala, sAdhanavikala, va ubhayavikala ke sAtha saMdigdhasAdhya, saMdigdhasAdhana va saMdigdhobhaya ye prakAra 1. nyAyavinizcaya zlo. 269 / sAghanaM prakRtAbhAve'nupapannaM tato'pare / viruddhAsiddhasaMdigdhA akiMcitkaravistarAH || 2. parIkSAmukha 6 - 21 / hetvAbhAsA asiddhaviruddhAnaikAntikAkiMcitkarAH / 3. nyAyasAra pR. 25- 35 / 4. prameyakamalamArtaNDa 6-22. 5. nyAyasAra pR. 36-38. 6. nyAyamaMjarI bhA, 2 pR. 140 / tatra sAdhyavikalaH sAdhanavikala ubhayavikala iti vastudoSa kRtAstrayaH sAdharmyadRSTAntAbhAsAH ananvayo viparItAnvaya iti dvau vacanadoSakRtau vaidhadRSTAntAbhAsA api paJcaiva sAdhyAnyAvRttaH sAdhanAvyAvRtta ubhayAvyAvRtta iti vastudoSAstrayaH avyatireko viparItavyatireka iti vacanadoSau dvau / ...

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tulanA aura samIkSA 1.45 unhoMne joDe haiM tathA ananvaya Adi prakAroM ko ayogya batAyA hai / saMdigdhasAdhya Adi prakAroM kA ullekha bhAsarvajJa ne bhI kiyA hai tathA una meM saMdigdhAzraya ko joDa kara ( anvayadRSTAnta ke cAra tathA vyatirekadRSTAnta ke cAra isa prakAra ) ATha prakAroM kI mAnyatA kA ullekha kiyA hai? | devasUri ne ina donoM prakAroM ko joDa kara aThAraha dRSTAntAbhAsa batAye haiM - sAdhyavikala Adi tIna, saMdigdhasAdhya Adi tIna, tathA ananvaya, viparItAnvaya ka apradarzitAnvaya ye anvaya dRSTAnta ke AbhAsa haiM / isI prakAra vyatireka dRSTAnta ke bhI nau AbhAsa haiM3 / mANikyanandi sirpha ATha dRSTAntAbhAsa mAnate haiMsAdhyavikala Adi tIna tathA viparItAnvaya, evaM sAdhyAvyAvRtta Adi tIna eka viparItavyatireka" | tarka ( pari0 43 - 44 ) isa viSaya kA saMkSipta ullekha Upara pari. 15 ke TippaNa meM kiyA hai / AtmAzraya ityAdi tarka ke prakAra tathA una ke doSoM kA saMkSipta ullekha AcArya ne vizvatattvaprakAza ( pari. 39) meM bhI kiyA hai / anyatra isa viSaya kA varNana dekhane meM nahI AyA / chala (pari0 45-48 ) yaha varNana prAyaH zabdaza: nyAyasUtra tathA usa kI TIkA- paramparA para AdhArita hai / www 1. nyAyAvatAraTIkA pR. 56-60. 2. nyAyasAra pR. 38-39 / anye tu sandehadvAreNa aparAn aSTau udAharaNAbhAsAn varNayanti / ityAdi. 3. pramANanayatatvAloka a. 6 sU. 58-79. 4. parIkSAmukha a. 6 su. 40-45. 5. nyAyasUtra a. 1, A. 2. 10-14 / vacanavighAtaH arthavikalpopapacyA chalam / ityAdi / pra.pra. 10

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146 jAtiyAM (pari0 45-69 ) yahAM jAtiyoM kA samuccita lakSaNa naiyAyika paramparA ke anusAra hai / jAtiyoM ke caubIsa prakAroM ke nAma tathA lakSaNa nyAyasUtra meM milate haiM / usa meM sAdhyasama ke sthAna para AcArya ne asiddhAdisama kA varNana kiyA hai| akalaMkadeva ne jAtiyoM kA sAmAnya lakSaNa hI batAyA hai - bhedoM kA carNana nahI kiyA kyoM ki ye bheda ananta ho sakate haiM tathA zAstra meM una kA vistAra se varNana ho cukA hai / yahAM zAstra zabda se una kA abhiprAya nyAyasUtra se ho sakatA hai / jAtiyoM kI saMkhyA kA niyama nahI hai yaha bAta naiyAyika vidvAnoM ne bhI mAnI hai / nyAyasAra meM solaha jAtiyoM kA hI varNana hai kintu nyAyasUtra meM varNita jAtiyoM ke atirikta ananyasamA Adi jAtiyAM ho sakatI haiM isa kI sUcanA bhI vahAM milatI hai5 / pramAprameyam bhAvasena ne jAtiyoM kI saMkhyA bIsa mAnI hai / ve arthApattisama tathA upapattisama ko prakaraNasama se abhinna mAnate haiM / jayanta ne prakaraNasama tathA upapattisama ko sAdharmyama se abhinna mAnane ke mata kA ullekha kara usa kA khaNDana kiyA hai, una kA kathana hai ki sAdharmyasama meM pratipakSa kA 1. nyAyasUtra 1-2-18 / sAdharmyavaidharmyAbhyAM pratyavasthAnaM jAtiH / nyAyasAra pR. 46 prayukte to samIkaraNAbhiprAyeNa prasaMgo jAtiH / 2. nyAyavinizcaya zlo. 376 mithyottarANAmAnantyAt zAstre vA vistaroktitaH / sAdharmyAdisamatvena nAtineha pratanyate || vidyAnanda tathA prabhAcandra ne isI STakoNa ko mAnya kiyA hai kintu ve pUrvavarNita jAtiyoM kA varNana bhI karate hai ( tattvArthazlokavArtika pR. 298-310 prameyakamalamArtaNDa pR. 196 - 200 ) / 3. nyAyamaMjarI bhA. 2 pR. 176 / satyapyAnantye jAtInAmasaMkIrNodAharaNavivakSayA caturviMzatiprakAratvamupavarNitam na tu tatsaMkhyA niyamaH kRta iti / 4. nyAyasAra pR. 47-55 isa meM prasaMgasama, pratidRSTAntasama, saMzayasama, prakaraNasama, arthApattisama, anityasama tathA kAryasama kA varNana nahI hai / 5. nyAyasAra pR. 55-56 / etenAnyatvasya Atmano'nanyatvAt anyatvaM nAstItyasaduttarANi ( TIkA - iyamananyasamA jAtiH ) pratyuktAni / AnantyAt na sarvANi jAtyuttarANi udAhartuM zakyante sUtrANAmapi udAharaNArthatvAt /

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tulanA aura samIkSA 147 - khaNDana mukhya abhiprAya hotA hai, prakaraNasama meM dUsarA pakSa upasthita karane kA abhiprAya hotA hai tathA upapattisama meM nirNaya kA abhAva batalAne kA abhiprAya hotA hai| avizeSasama tathA anityasama ko abhinna mAnane kA bhI jayanta ne khaNDana kiyA hai| una kA kathana hai ki avizeSasama meM astitva - ke kAraNa saba padArthoM meM samAnatA batalAI gaI hai tathA anityasama meM ghaTa ' kI samAnatA se saba padArthoM meM anityatva kI samAnatA kalpita kI gaI hai, isa prakAra ina donoM meM varNana ke prakAra kA bheda hai / nigrahasthAna (pari0 70-84 ) vAda meM parAjaya hone ke kAraNoM kA bAIsa nigrahasthAnoM kA - jo varNana bhAvasena ne kiyA hai vaha prAyaH zabdazaH nyAyasUtra tathA usa kI TIkAoM para AdhArita hai / bauddha AcAryoM ne nigrahasthAna ke do hI prakAra mAne haiM - aisA vAkya" prayoga karanA jo apane pakSa ko siddha na kara sake tathA aisI bAteM uThAnA jina se pratipakSa dUSita siddha na ho / anumAna ke avayavoM ke bAre meM una ke vicAra nyAyadarzana kI paramparA se bhinna haiM ataH ve nyUna, adhika Adi nigrahasthAnoM ko anAvazyaka mAnate haiM / nigrahasthAnoM ko do prakAroM meM saMgRhIta karane kA saMketa nyAyasUtra meM bhI milatA hai" / 1. nyAyamaMjarI bhA. 2 pR. 183 / nanu saiveyaM sAdharmyAdisamA prakaraNasamA vA jAtirna bhedAntaram ? maivam / udbhAvanaprakAreNa bhedAt / parapakSopamardabuddhyA sAdharmyAdisamA jAtiH prayujyate, pakSAntarotthApanAsthayA prakaraNasamA, apratipattiparyavasAyitvAzayena iyamupapattisamA iti / 2. uparyukta pR. 185 / avizeSasamA eva iyaM jAtiriticet tatra hi sattAyogAt sarvabhAvAnAmavizeSa ApAditaH iha tu ghaTasAdharmyAdeiva anityatvamApAditam iti udbhAvanAbhaGgibhedAcca jAtinAnAtvamiti asakRduktam / 3. nyAyasUtra a. A. 2. 4, vAdanyAya pR. 2 / asAdhanAGgavacanamadoSodbhAvanaM dvayoH / nigrahasthAnamanyattu na yuktamiti neSyate // 9. nyAyasUtra 1-2-19 / vipratipattirapratipattizca nigrahasthAnam /

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148 pramAprameyam isa saMbandha meM jaina AcAryoM kA dRSTikoNa yaha hai ki vAda meM jisa pakSa ko ucita siddha kiyA jA sake vaha vijayI hotA hai tathA jisa pakSa kA khaNDana kiyA jAtA hai vaha parAjita hotA hai | ataH pakSa ko siddha karanA yaha vijaya kA svarUpa hai / vAdI yadi apane pakSa ko siddha nahIM kara sakatA to kevala prativAdI kI galatI ke kAraNa prativAdI ko parAjita aura vAdI ko vijayI nahI mAnanA cAhie / isI prakAra vAdI yadi apanA pakSa siddha kara sakatA hai to vAkya racanA kI galatI jaise kAraNa se use parAjita nahI mAnanA caahie| tAtparya yaha hai ki bAda meM tattvanirNaya kI mukhyatA honI cAhie - vyAkti ke vijaya yA parAjaya kI mukhyatA nahI honI cAhie / isa viSaya kA varNana akalaMkadeva ne saMkSepa se kiyA hai| vidyAnanda ne dRSTikoNa yahI rakhA hai kintu nigrahasthAnoM ke pUrvavarNita prakAroM kI vistRta carcA kI hai, prabhAcandra ne ina donoM AcAryoM ke kathanoM kA tAtparya saMgRhIta kiyA hai| vAcaspati ke kathanAnusAra samasta jAtiyAM bhI parAjaya kA kAraNa hotI haiM-una kA samAveza niranuyojyAnuyoga nigrahasthAna meM karanA caahie| vAda ke prakAra (pari0 86-89 tathA 95-98) yahAM AcArya ne vAda ke tIna prakAra kiye haiM - vyAkhyA, goSThI tathA' vivAda / tathA cAra prakAroM meM vivAda kA vargIkaraNa kiyA hai - tAttvika, prAtibha, niyatArtha tathA parArthana / ina meM se kevala tAttvika aura prAtibha ina do prakAroM kA ullekha zrIdatta AcArya ke jalpanirNaya meM thA aisA vidyAnanda re..................mara....... 1. nyAyavinizcaya kA. 378-79 / asAdhanAGgavacanamadoSodbhAvanaM dvayoH / na yuktaM nigrahasthAnamarthAparisamAptitaH / / vAdI parAjito'yukto vastutatve vyavasthitaH / tatra doSaM bruvANo vA viparyastaH kathaM jayet // isa kA vistAra siddhi vinizcaya pra. 5 kI TIkA meM prApta hotA hai| 2. tattvArthazlokavArtika pR. 283-294 yahAM vidyAnanda ne pUrvoktamAIsa nigrahasthAnoM ke sAtha chala aura jAti kI bhI gaNanA kI hai / 3. prameyakamalamArtaNDa pR. 200-204. 4. nyAyavArtikatAtparya TIkA pR. 723.

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tulanA aura samIkSA 149 " kA kathana hai' | vyAkhyA aura goSThI meM jaya-parAjaya kA uddeza nahI hotA, vivAda meM vahI mukhya uddeza hotA hai / isa bheda ko nyAyadarzana kI parampara vAda (tattvanirNaya ke lie ) tathA jalpa ( jaya-parAjaya ke sie) ina zabdoM dvArA vyakta kiyA hai / kintu jalpa meM chala, jAti Adi ke prayoga kI unhoM ne chUTa dI hai| ata: jaina AcAryoM ne isa bheda ko asvIkAra kara ke jalpa aura bAda ko ekArthaka zabda mAnA hai / isa kI vistRta carcA bhAvasena ne Age kI hai (pari. 103 - 122 ) / pari. 89 ke pahale zloka kA rUpAntara paMcataMtra (taM. 2 zlo. 30) meM milatA hai / vahAM isa kA rUpa yaha hai - yayoreva samaM vittaM yayoreva samaM kulam / tayoreva vivAhaH syAnna tu puSTavipuSTayoH // yahI rUpa isa graMtha ke taM. 1 zlo. 304 meM bhI milatA hai / vAda ke cAra aMga ( pari0 90 - 94 ) isa viSaya kA saMkSipta varNana siddhivinizcaya pra. 5, tattvArthazlokavArtika pR. 277 - 280, pramANanayatattvAloka a. 8 Adi meM milatA hai / ina cAra aMgoM meM sabhApati ke lie pariSavala tathA sabhya ke lie prAznika ina zabdoM kA prayoga bhI milatA hai / kumAranandi AcArya ke vAdanyAya grantha meM isa kA vistRta varNana thA aisA vidyAnanda ke kathana se pratIta hotA hai / pari. 93 ke apUjyA yatra ityAdi zloka kA rUpAntara paMcatantra (taM. 3 lo. 201 ) meM milatA hai| vahAM isa kI dUsarI paMkti isa prakAra hai - trINi * tatra pravartante durbhikSaM maraNaM bhayam / paMtravicAra (pari0 99-102 ) isa viSaya kA varNana vidyAnandakRta patraparIkSA para AdhArita hai / isa - grantha se AcArya ne tIna loka uddhRta kiye haiM / vidyAnanda ne bhI kisI pUrvavartI grantha se kaI zloka uddhRta kiye haiM kintu vaha grantha upalabdha nahI hai / prabhAcandra ne saMkSepa se isa viSaya kA varNana kiyA hai ( prameyakamalamArtaNDa pR. 207 - 21 0 ) 1. tavArthazlokavArtika pR. 280 / dviprakAraM jagau jalpaM tattvaprAtibhagocaram / triSaSTervAdinAM jetA zrI datto nalpanirNaye //

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150 pramAprameyam tIna yA cAra kathAeM ( pari0 103 - 105 ) dArzanika carcA ke lie yahAM kathA zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / nyAyasUtra meM isa ke tIna prakAra kiye haiM- vAda, jalpa tathA vitaNDA | vahI inake jo lakSaNa diye haiM una kA AcArya ne zabdazaH khaNDana kiyA hai / nyAyasAra meM vitaNDA ke do prakAra kiye haiM- vAda kI vitaNDA tathA jalpa kI vitaNDA ( prativAdI ke pakSa kA khaNDana hI jisa meM ho sthApana na ho usa vAda ko vAdavitaNDA kaheMge tathA aise hI jalpa ko jalpavitaNDA kaheMge ) / vAda- vitaNDA ke astitva kA samarthana karane ke lie vahAM nyAyasUtra kA eka vAkya bhI uddhRta kiyA hai / isa prakAra kathA ke cAra prakAra hote haiM / svapakSa kA 2 vAda aura jalpa meM abhinnatA ( pari0 106 - 122 ) nyAyasUtra tathA bhASya meM vAda aura jalpa kA jo varNana hai usa se pratIta hotA hai ki ina donoM meM chala Adi ke prayoga kA hI bheda hai, vAda meM chala Adi prayukta nahIM hote kintu jalpa meM hote haiM / jaina AcAryoM ne naitikatA kI dRSTi se chala Adi ke prayoga kA niSedha kiyA hai aura isa bheda ke abhAva meM vAda aura jalpa ko samAnArthaka mAnA hai / chala Adi ko anucita mAnate hue bhI naiyAyika vidvAna jalpa meM una ke dete haiM kyoM ki jalpa meM vijaya prApta hone para jo sAmAjika - 1. nyAyasUtra 1-2-1, 2, 3 / pramANatarkasAdhanopAlambhaH siddhAntAviruddhaH paJcAvayavopapannaH pakSapratipakSaparigraho vAdaH / yathoktopapannaH chalajAtinigrahasthAna-sAdhanopAlambho jalpaH / sa eva pratipakSasthApanAhIno vitaNDA | prayoga kI chUTa lAbha hotA hai: 2. nyAyasAra pR. 42-44 TIkA- evaM ca vItarAgavitaNDA vijigISu-vitaNDA iti dvividhA vitaNDA, etacca taM pratipakSahInamapi vA kuryAt ( nyAyasU 4-2-49 ) iti sUtreNApi sUcitam / 3. siddhivinizcayaTIkA pR. 311-13 | samarthavacanaM jalpaM caturaGgaM vidurbudhAH ityAdi pramANasaMgraha pR. 111 samarthavacanaM vAdaH ityAdi tattvArtha zloka vArtika pR. 278.

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tulanA aura samIkSA 1 151 usa kI unheM adhika cintA hai / isa bAta ko le kara bAda ke naiyAyika vidvAnoM ne vAda ke lie vItarAgakathA tathA jalpa ke lie vijigISukathA ina zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / isa prakAra jahAM sUtrakAra aura bhASyakAra vAda aura jalpa meM kevala sAdhana kA bheda batalAte haiM vahAM uttaravartI lekhaka una meM uddeza kA bheda bhI mAnate haiM - vAda tattvanirNaya ke lie kiyA jAtA hai, tathA jalpa svapakSa ke vijaya ke lie kiyA jAtA hai / bhAvasena ne vAda aura jalpa meM uddeza bheda tathA sAdhanabheda kI ina donoM bAtoM ko ekatrita kara ke una kI AlocanA kI hai ataH ve ina donoM meM bheda svIkAra nahI karate / kintu bAda meM tattvanirNaya tathA svapakSavijaya ye pRthak uddeza hote haiM yaha unheM mAnya hai, tadanusAra unhoMne vyAkhyAvAda, goSTIvAda tathA vivAda kA pRthaka varNana pahale kiyA bhI hai ( pari. 87 - 89 )3 / vAda aura jalpa ko abhinna mAnane kI jaina AcAryo kI paramparA meM ullekhanIya apavAda jinezvarasUri kA hai| ina donoM meM uddeza bheda aura sAdhana - bheda ko svIkAra karate hue unhoM ne ina meM bAhya bheda ko spaSTa kiyA hai ww 1. nyAyavArtikatAtparya TIkA pR. 668 / yastu svadarzanavilasita mithyAjJAnAvalepa durvidadhatayA sadvidyAvairAgyAd vA lAbhapUnAkhyAtyarthitayA ku.hetubhirIzvarANAM janAdhArANAM purato vedabrAhmaNaparalokAdiduSaNapravRttaH taM prativAdI samIcInadUSaNam apratimayA apazyan jalpavitaNDe avatArya vigRhya jalpavitaNDAbhyAM tattvakathanaM karoti vidyAparipAlanAya mA bhUdIzvarANAM mativibhrameNa taccaritamanuvartinInAM prajAnAM dharmaviplava iti / 2. nyAyasAra pR. 41-42 / vAdiprativAdinoH pakSapratipakSaparigrahaH kathA sA dvividhA vItarAgakathA vijigISu kathA ceti / nyAyamaMjarI bhA. 2 pR. 151 / vAdaM ca nirNaya phalArthibhireva ziSya sabrahmacArigurubhiH saha bItarAgaiH / na khyAti - lAbharabhasaprativardhamAna spardhAnubandhavidhurAtmabhirArabheta // 3. isI prakAra devasUri ne vAda ke do uddeza mAnate hue bhI pRthaka prakAroM ke rUpa meM unakA varNana nahI kiyA hai / ( pramANanayatatvAloka a. 8 sU. 2 prArambhakazcAtra jigISuH tattvanirNinISuzca / )

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152 pramAprameyam vAda meM sabhApati, sabhAsada Adi nahIM hote jaba ki jalpa meM ina kI vyavasthA hotI hai / granthoM meM bAda aura jalpa kI paribhASAoM ke bAre meM yaha matabheda hai, kintu vyavahAra meM saMbhavataH vAda yaha eka hI saMjJA rUDha thI sAMkhya aura bauddhoM meM vAda huA, vAda meM vijayI hue isa prakAra ke varNana to milate haiM kintu una meM jalpa huA aisA varNana nahI milatA / bAda meM bhAga lenevAle cAdI aura prativAdI kahalAte the, kintu jalpI yA pratijalpI ye zabda prayoga meM nahI Ate the / isa se yaha sUcita hotA hai ki vyavahAra meM jalpa zabda kA prayoga bahuta kama hotA thA / AcArya ne isa viSaya kI lambI carcA kI hai jo kucha hada taka zabdabahu kahI jA sakatI hai / vAda ke lakSaNa meM paMcAvayavopapanna isa vizeSaNa kI una ko AlocanA ( pratijJA Adi vAkya zabda haiM ataH ve avayava nahI ho sakate, avayava to bhautika hote haiM) ko gambhIra mAnanA kaThina hai (pari. 112 ) / yaha AkSepa una ke pUrvavartI kisI grantha se liyA gayA hai kyoM ki vAcaspati ne isa kA ullekha kiyA hai / dUsare prakAra se pAMca avayavoM kI jo gaNanA bhAvasena ne uddhRta kI hai (pari. 114 ) vaha nyAyasAraTIkA meM prApta hotI hai 3 / 1. pramAlakSma zlo. 59 / samAnaliGginAM kvApi mumukSUNAmavidviSAm / sandehApoha dvAdo jalpastvanyatra saMmataH / zlo. 62 ata evAtra no yuktAH stheyA daNDadharAdayaH | chalajAtyAdayo dUraM nigraho'pi na kazcana || zlo. 63 vAda eva bhavejjalpaH chalajAtyAdayaH param | anuSajyante yathAyogaM stheyadaNDadharAdayaH || 2. nyAyavArtikatAtparya TIkA pR. 54 nanu yathA tantavaH paTasya samavAyikAraNaM kiM tathaivaite pratijJAdayo vAkyasya / no khalu gaganaguNA varNAH samavAyikAraNatAM pratipadyanta ityata Aha / vAkyaikadezA iti avayavA iti avayavAH na punaH samavAyikAraNam / 3. pRSTha 42 tathA svapakSasAdhanaM parapakSadUSaNaM sAdhanasamarthanaM dUSaNasamarthanaM zabdadoSavarjana mityetaiH paMcabhiravayavairupapannaH kAryoM yenAbhimatasiddhiH syAt /

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tulanA aura samIkSA Agama ( pari0 123 ) yahAM AcArya ne Agama ke praNetA Apta kA jo lakSaNa batalAyA hai vaha sarvajJa aura asarvajJa donoM meM saMbhava hai / yaha bAta paramparA-saMmata bhI hai / siddhasena ne zAbda pramANa kA varNana karate hue do zloka likha kara isa pramANa meM asarvajJa ke vAkya aura sarvajJa ke vAkya donoM kA antarbhAva sUcita kiyA hai / vAtsyAyana ne Apta zabda ke artha meM RSi, Arya, mleccha tInoM kA antarbhAva kiyA hai / devasUri ne Apta ke do prakAra batalAye haiM- laukika tathA lokottara / pitA ityAdi laukika Apta haiM tathA tIrthakara lokottara Ata haiM / 153 aisA hone para bhI Agama pramANa ke varNana meM sarvajJapraNIta Agama ko mukhyatA rahatI hai / isa ke lie prayukta dUsarA zabda zruta hai / yaha zabda bhI do arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai / sarvasAdhAraNa vyaktiyoM kA matijJAna para AdhArita jJAna zruta kahalAtA hai" / tathA sarvajJoM ke kevalajJAna para AdhArita upadeza ko bhI zruta kahate haiM / umAsvAti ne zrutajJAna ke varNana meM ina donoM prakAroM ko ekatrita kiyA hai - ve zruta ko matipUrva kahate haiM kintu usa ke bhedoM ke varNana meM sarvajJapraNIta jJAna ke pratipAdaka granthoM kI gaNanA karate haiM / 1 yahAM AcArya ne Agama granthoM kI nAmAvalI meM bAraha aMgapranthoM ke atirikta aMgabAhya granthoM ke nAma bhI ginAye haiM / ina meM se adhikAMza granthoM ke saMskaraNa zvetAmbara paramparA meM prasiddha haiM / digambara paramparA meM ina ke adhyayana kI paramparA TUTa gaI hai / 1. nyAyAvatAra TIkA pR. 42 / zAbdaM ca dvidhA bhavati laukikaM zAstrajaM ceti tatredaM dvayorapi sAdhAraNaM lakSaNaM pratipAditam (zloka. 8 ) . 2. nyAyabhASya 1-1-7 | sAkSAtkaraNamarthasya AptiH tayA pravartata ityAptaH / RSyArthamlecchAnAM samAnaM lakSaNam / 3. pramANana yattattvAloka a. 4. 6-7 / sa ca dvedhA laukiko lokottarazca / laukiko janakAdiH lokottarastu tIrtha karAdiH / 4. nandIsUtra (ma. 24 ) | maipubvaM jeNa suyaM, na maI suSapubviyA / 5. tattvArthasUtra 1 - 20 / zrutaM matipUrve dvayanekadvAdazabhedam /

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- pramAprameyam / aMgabAhya granthoM kA vargIkaraNa nandIsUtra (sU. 43) meM isa prakAra milatA hai - aMgabAhya ke do bhAga hai - Avazyaka tathA Avazyakavyatirikta / Avazyaka ke chaha bhAga haiM -sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vandanA, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga, pratyAkhyAna | Avazyakavyatirikta ke do bhAga haiM - kAlika aura utkAlika / utkAlika ke bahutase bhAga haiM - dazavaikAlika, kalpAkalpa, cullakalpa, mahAkalpa, aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya, jIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, nandI, anuyogadvAra ityAdi / kAlika ke bhI bahutase bhAga haiM - uttarAdhyayana, vyavahAra, nizItha, RSibhASita, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, candraprajJapti, dvIpasAgaraprajJapti, nirayAvalI, ityAdi / uparyukta granthoM meM se adhikAMza isa samaya zvetAmbara paramparA meM prasiddha haiN| dravyapramANa (pari0 125) yahAM dravyapramANa ke chaha prakAra batalAye haiN| isa viSaya kA vistRta varNana anuyogadvAra sUtra (sUtra 132 ) meM prApta hotA hai / vahAM dI huI kucha tAlikAeM isa prakAra haiM - dhAnyamAna kI tAlikAH-2 asaI = 1 pasaI; 2 pasaI = 1 seiyA; 4 seiyA = 1 kulaka; 4 kulaka = 1 prastha; 4 prastha = 1 ADhaka; 4 ADhaka = 1 droNa; 60 ADhaka = 1 jaghanyakuMbha; 80 ADhaka = 1 madhyama kuMbha; 100 ADhaka = 1 uttama kuMbha; 800 ADhaka = 1 vAha / rasa (tarala padArtha) mAna kI tAlikAH-1 mAnI-256 pala = 2 ardhamAnI; 1 ardhamAnI = 2 caturbhAgikA; 1 caturbhAgikA =2 aSTabhAgikA; 1 aSTabhAgikA = 2 SoDazikA / unmAna ( taulane ke bAToM ) kI tAlikAH 2 ardhakarSa = 1 karSa; 2 karSa = 1 ardhapala; 2 arghapala = 1 pala; 500 pala = 1 tulA; 10 tulA = 1 ardhabhAra; 20 tulA = 1 bhAra / .:: pratimAna (choTe bAToM) kI tAlikAH 1. vibhAganiSphapNe ( davvapamANe ) paMcavihe paNatte, taM jahAM, mANe, ummANe, avamANe, gaNime, paDimANe / ityAdi.

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tulanA aura samIkSA 5 guMjA = 4 kAkiNI = 3 niSpAva = 1 karmamASa; 12 karmamAtra 1 maMDala 16 karmamASa = 1 suvarNa / gaNimApramANa kI tAlikA:- - eka, dasa, sau, hajAra, dasahajAra, sau hajAra, dasa sau hajAra, koTi / avamAna ke udAharaNaH - hAtha, daNDa, dhanuSa, yuga, nAlikA, akSa, 8 yatra = 1 aMgula, 6 aMgula 2 vitasti = 1 ratni, 2 ratni 1 kukSi, 2 kukSi = 1 dhanuSa, yuga, nAlikA, musala yA akSa ), 2000 daNDa 4 gavyUti = 1 yojana | mRsala / kSetrapramANa tathA kAlapramANa ( pari0 926-127 ) kSetrapramANa kA yahAM jo varNana diyA hai vaha kucha vistAra se anuyogadvArasUtra (sU. 133 ) meM pAyA jAtA hai / vaha tAlikA isa prakAra hai - 8 UrdhvareNu = 1 trasareNu, 8 trasareNu = 1 rathareNu, 8 sthareNu = 1 uttamabhogabhUmijakeza, 8 uttamabhogabhUmijakeza = 1 madhyamabhoga bhUmijakeza, 8 madhyamabhogabhUmi jakeza = 1 jaghanyabhogabhUmijakeza, 8 jaghanya bhogabhUmijakeza = 1. videhakSetrajakeza, 8 videhakSetrajakeza = 1 bharata airAvata kSetrajakeza, 8 bharata - airAvata kSetrajakeza = 1 likSA; 8 likSA 2 yUkA, 8 yakA = 1 yatra.. 1 pAda, 2 pAda 1 vitasti, gaNitasArasaMgraha ( a. 1, zlo. 25 - 31 ) meM prAyaH hai, antara yaha hai ki urdhvareNu ke lie aNu, yUkA ke lie tila ratni ke lie hasta tathA gavyUti ke lie kroza zabda kA prayoga vahAM videhakSetra kezamApa kA ullekha nahI hai tathA kukSi kA nahI hai | 155 - 3. daNDa ( athavA 1 gavyUti, yahI tAlikA tiloyapaNNattI ( a. 1, gA. 93 - 132) meM bhI yaha tAlikA prApta yA sarpapa, . kiyA hai / ullekha bhI hotI hai / kAlapramANa kA varNana anuyogadvArasUtra (sU. 134 ) meM vistAra se milatA hai / vahAM kI tAlikA isa prakAra hai - asaMkhyAta samaya = 1 . Avali, saMkhyAta Avali = 1 ucchvAsa, ( isI ko nizvAsa yA prANa kahate haiM ) 2.

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'156 pramAprameyam 7 prANa = 1 stoka, 7 stoka = 1 lava, 77 lava = 1 muhUrta, 30 muhUrta 1 ahorAtra, 15 ahorAtra = 1 pakSa, 2 pakSa = 1 mAsa, 2 mAsa = 1 Rtu, 3 Rtu = 1 ayana, 2 ayana = 1 saMvatsara, 5 saMvatsara = 1 yuga, 20 yuga = 1 varSazata, 10 varSazata = 1 varSasahasra, 500 varSasahasra - 1 varSazatasahasra, 84 varSazatasahasra = 1 pUrvAMga ( yahAM se Upara pratyeka mApa pUrvamApa ke 84 lakSa guNita batalAyA hai, jina ke nAma haiM - pUrva, truTitAMga, truTita, aTaTAMga, aTaTa, avAMga, avaya, huhuaMga, huhua, utpalAMga, utpala, pAMga, - padma, nalinAMga, nalina, acchaniuraMga, acchaniura, ayutAMga, ayuta, prayutAMga, 'prayuta, namitAMga, namita, cUlikAMga, cUlikA, zIrSaprahelikAMga, shiirssprhelikaa)| gaNitasArasaMgraha (a. 1, zlo. 32-35) meM kAlapramANa kI gaNanA - eka varSa kI avasthA taka batalAI hai| vaha yahAM AcArya dvArA dI gaI tAlikA * se milatI hai| tiloyapaNNattI (a. 4, gA. 285-286 ) meM bhI kAlagaNanA kI * rIti batalAI hai| upamAna pramANa (pari0 128) ativistRta kSetra aura kAla kI gaNanA ke lie upamAoM ke dvArA palyopama, sAgaropama Adi saMjJAoM kA prayoga karanA jaina granthoM kI vizeSatA hai| inhIM saMjJAoM ko vahAM upamAna pramANa kahA hai (nyAyadarzana meM varNita upamAna kA isa se koI saMbandha nahI hai, usa upamAna kA samAveza pUrvokta pratyabhijJAna parokSa pramANa meM hotA hai yaha Upara batAyA hai)| isa viSaya kA varNana kaI granthoM meM milatA hai jina meM pramukha haiM-anuyogadvArasUtra (sa. 138) tiloyapaNNatti (prathama adhikAra, isa kA vivecana jaMbUdIvapaNNatIsaMgraha kI prastAvanA meM upalabdha hai) tathA gommaTasAra (karmakANDa ) kI hindI bhuumikaa|

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pRSThAMka, 48 76 89. 8 aGgAni catvAri aGgIkRtaM vastu ajJAtatattvacetobhiH ajJAnopAstirajJAnaM anugrAhyasya ziSyasya anekavAcake zabde apakSapAtina: prAjJAH apUjyA yatra pUjyante arthApattyupapattI asaMketAprasiddhAdi asamenApi dRptena asyakatvaM zaThatA AjJAgAmbhIrya AjJAvAn dhArmikaH Adizan vAdayed iti paJcApasAreNa ukte hetau vipakSaNa upacAreNa vaktrA kuryAt sadAgraha kSamI svaparapakSajJaH goSThayAM satsAdhanaireva citrAdyadantarANIyaM chalAdayastadAbhAsAH chalAAdbhAvane jAnannubhayasiddhAntau jJAtapatrArthakaH zlokasUcI pRSThAMka 79 tatastepi nirUpyante 90 tattanmataprasiddhAGgaM 81 tathA cedamiti prokte 83 tadhetau doSamudbhAvya 76 tasmAt samaM janaiH 48 tAttvikaH prAtibhaH 80 trAyante vA padAni 82 dRSTavAdaiH zrutajyeSThaH 65 drutaM vilambitaM 9. nadIpopyadhodeze 77 na rAtrI nApi 76 nArthasambandhinaH 81 naivArohet tulAM 79 pakSapAtAd vaded 79 paJcAvayavAn yogaH 65 patrArtha na vijAnAti 51 parapragharSaprahitena 50 parArthe tAttvikasyeva 75 pitrozca brAhmaNatvena 84 prakRtemahAMstatohaMkAraH 76 pratijJA tu na kartavyA 88 prativAdyAnulomyena 48 prasiddhAvayavaM gUDha 73 prasiddhAvayavaM vAkyaM 80 prAkRtasaMskRtamAgadha 90 prAtime niyatArthe vA 157 77. 88 77. 87. 119 78. . 74 86.

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.158 pramAprameyam pRSThAMka 83 74 77 77 "mAznikaiH saptabhiH "pAlanyuptattyartha brahmadhnAnAM ca ye brUma eva vivAdaH bhAvasena trividyArthaH * mAtsaryeNa vivAdaH mAtsaryeNa vivAdasya mukhyaM padAnvayaM vAkyaM . khairapakvabodhaistu yatraitA na prayujyante yadA saduttaraM naiva yayoreva samaM vittaM yazovadhAya vRttena -yAvanto dUSaNAbhAsA: "yuktAyuktamatikramya yo dadyAdAzrayAnnAdi rAjA viplAvako yatra rAjye saptAGgasaMpattiH liMgakArakakAlAdi vacogumphavizeSAyaM varjanodbhAvane vaye sAdhyasya bAdaM trighA vadiSyanti vAdinA sAdhane vAdinI spardhayed jAyukta sAdhane pRSThAMka 81 vidyogaH 1 viditasvaparaitiyaH 82 vipakSasthApanA 78 vivAdapadamuddijhya 124 viziSTaiH kriyamANAyAM 79 vItarAgakathe 87 vyAkhyAvAde ca 89 vyAdhiH pIDA 76 vyAptimAn pakSadharmazca 84 zrItAlaM kharatAlaM 73 zrIvardhamAnaM 77 satsAdhanena 78 sadAgrahaH pramANena 84 sabhApatirvaded 82 samaJjasaH kRpAluzca 83 samudraH pIyate medhaiH 82 samyageva tadajJAne 83 sAdhanaM dUSaNaM cApi 72 sAdhanAd dUSaNAd 86 sujanaiH kimajAnabhiH 97 sauvarNa rAjataM tAnaM 65 syAt padyagadya 74 svayaM naiva prayoktavyAH 85 svayaM naivAbhidheyAni 81 hetutvakAraNatvAbhyAM 85 hetudRSTAntadoSeSu 80 70 91 48 -

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Jivaraja Jaina: Granthamala General Editors : Dr. A. "N: UPADHYE & Dr. H. L. JAIN ( 'ns i. Tiloyapannatti of Yatiirsabha (Part. I, chapters 1-4.) ; An Ancient Prak'rit Text dealing with 'Jaina Cosmography., Dogmatics etc. Prakrit 'Text authentically edited for the first time with the Various'Reading's Preface & Hindi Paraphrase of Pt. BALACHANDRA by Drs. A. N. UPADHYE & H. IN JAIN.. Published by: Jaina Sanskrti .Samraksaka Samgha, Sholapur (India'); * Crown 8vo. pp. 6-38-532.. Sholapur 194.1, Price Rs: 12.00. Second Edition, Sholapur 1956. Price Rs. 16-(0. 1. Tiloyabunnatti of Yativtsabha (Part.1.1, Chapters 5-9): As above, with Introductions in English ard Hundin with an alphabetical index of Gathas, 'with other indices (of Names of works?! mentioned, of Geographical Terms, of Proper Names, of Technical Terms of Differences in Tradition of Karinisutras, and, of Technical Terms compared) and Tables of Nataknjiva, Bhayana-yjasy Devar Kulakaras; Bhavana * Indras, Six Kulapas va tas, Seyen Ksetras, T wentyfour Tirtaskaras.; Age of the Sal kapurusis, Iwelye Cakravartins, Nine Narayanas, Nine. Pratisntrus, Nine Baladevas, Eleven Rudras, Twentyeight Naksitras, Eleyen Kalpatita, , Twelve Indras, Twelve, Kalpas and Tventy Frarupanis), Crown Octavo pp. 6-1-108-5 91 to 1032, Sholapur (1951. Price Rs. 16.00. 1 i '2. 'Yasastilrikarld Indian Culture,isori: Comadeva's Yasistila ka ard' Aspects of Jainism and Indian Thought and Culture in the l'enth Century, by Professor!K:,KHANDIQUI, Vice-Chancello:In Grauhati University, Assam,, with four Appendices, Jodex of Geographical Names and General Index. . Pulolished by J'S S. Sangha, Sholapur. Crown Octavo pp. 8-510.. Sholapur 1919. Price Rs. 16.00. ....3: Pandavapuranam of Subhacandra: A Sanskrit Text dealing with the Pandava Tale. Authentically, edited with Varibu's Rendings, Hindi, Paraphrase, introduction, in Hindi etc. by Pi. JINADAS.) Pulished by J. S.. Sangha, Sholapur. Crowny Octavo pp. 4-40-87520). Sholapur 1954, Price Rs. 12.00. 14!? Prikrta-subiunusasanam of Trivikrama with his own commentary :: Critically' Edited with Virious Readings, an introduction and even 'Aprendices (1. Trivikrama's Sutras; .. Alphabetical index of the Sutras;. 3. Metrical Versiony of

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the Sutrapatha; 4. Index of A pabhramsa Stanzas; 5. Index of Desya words; 6. Index of Dhatyadesas, Sanskrit to Prakiit and vice versa ; 7. Bharata's Verses on Prakrit), by Dr. P. L. VAIDYA, Director, Mithila Institute, Darbhanga. Published by the J. S. S. Sangha, Sholapur. Demy 8vo. pp. 44-178. Sholapur 1954. Price Rs. 10.00. . Siddhanta-sarasamgraha of Narendrasena : A Sanskrit Text dealing with Seven Tattvas of Jainism. Authentically Edited for the first time with Various Readings and Hindi Translation by Pt. JINADAS P. PHADKULE. Published by the J. S. S. Sangha, Sholapur. Crown Octavo pp. about 300. Sholapur 1957. Price Rs. 10.00. 6. Jainism in South India and Hyderabad Epigraphs : A learned and well-documented Dissertation on the career of Jainism in the South, especially in the areas in which Kannada, Tamil and Telugu Languages are spoken, by P B. Desai, M.A., Assistant Superintendent for Epigraphy, Ootacamund, Some Kannada Inscriptions froin the areas of the former Hyderabad State and round about are edited here for the first time both in Roman and Devanagari characiers, along with their critical study in English and Sajanuvada in Hindi. Equipped with a List of Inscriptions edited, a General Index and a number of Illustrations. Published by the J. S. S. Sangha, Sholapur 1 57. Crown Octavo pp. 16-456. Price Rs. 16.00. 7. Jambudivapannatti-Samgaha of Padmanandi: A i sakrit Text dealing with Jaina Geography. Authentically edited for the first time by Drs. A. N. UPADAYE and H. L. JAINA, with the Hindi Anuvada of Pt. BALACHANDRA. The introduction institutes a careful study of the Text and its allied works. There is an Essay in Hindi on the Mathematics of the Tiloyapannatti by Pro. LAK-HMICHANDA JAIN, JabalpurEquipped with an Index of Gathas, of Geographical Terms and of Technical Terms, and with addit.onal Variants of Amera Ms. Published by the J. S. S. Sangha, Sholapur. Crown Octavo pp, about 500. Sholapur 1957. Price Rs. 16. 8. Bhattaraka-sampradaya : A History of the Bhattasaka Pithas especially of Western India, Gujarat, Rajasthan and

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(3) Madhya Pradesh, based on Epigraphical, Literary and Traditional sources, extensively reproduced and suitably interpreted, by Prof. V. JOHRAPURKAR, M.A. Nagpur. Published by the J. S. S. Sangha, Sholapur, Demy Octavo pp. 14-29-326, Sholapur 1960. Price Rs. 8/-. 9. Prabhrtadisamgraha: This is a presentation of topicwise discussions compiled from the works of Kundakunda, the Samayasara being fully given. Edited with Introduction and Translation in Hindi by Pt. KAILASHCANDRA SHASTRI, Varanasi. Published by the J. S. S. Sangha, Sholapur. Demy 8vo. pp. 10-106-0-488. Sholapur 1960. Price Rs. 6.00. 10. Pancavimsati of Padmanandi: (c. 1136 A.D). This is a collection of 26 Prakaranas (24 in Sanskrit and 2 in Prakrit) small and big, dealing with various religious topics: religious, speritual, ethical, didactic, hymnal and ritualistic. The text along with an anonymous commentary critically edited by Dr. A. N. UPADHYE and Dr. H. L. JAIN with the Hindi Anuvada of Pt. BALACHANDRA SHASTRI. The edition is equipped with a detailed introduction shedding light on the various aspects of the work and personality of the author both in English, and Hindi. There are useful Indices. Printed in the N. S. Press, Bombay. Crown Octavo pp. 8 64-284. Sholapur 1962. Price Rs. 10/-. 11. Atmanusasana of Gunabhadra (middle of the 9th century A.D.). This is a religio-did actic anthology in elegant Sanskrit verses composed by Gunabhadra, the pupil of Jinasena, the teacher of Rastrakuta Amoghavarsa The text is critically edited along with the Sanskrit commentary of Prabhacandra and a new Hindi Anuvada by Dr. A. N. UPADHYE, Dr. H. L. JAIN and Pt. BALACHANDRA SHASTRI. The edition is equipped with introduction in English and Hindi and some useful Indices. Demy 8vo. pp. 8-112-260, Sholapur 1961. Price Rs. /. 12. Ganitasarasamgraha of Mahaviracarya (c. 9th century A.D.) This is an important treatise in Sanskrit on early Indian mathematics composed in an elegant style with a practical approach. Edited with Hindi Translation by Prof. L. C. JAIN, M.Sc., Jabalpur. Crown Octavo pp. 16+ 34+ 282 +86, Sholapur 1963. Price Rs. 12/-.

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(4) ... 13. Lokavibhaga of Simhasuri: A Sanskrit digest of a missing ancient Prakrit text dealing with Jaina cosmography. Edited for the first time with Hindi Translation by Pt. BALACHANDRA SHASTRI. Crown Octavo pp. 8-52-256, Sholapur 1962. Price Rs 10/ 1: Ar 15: 14. Punyasrava-kathakosa of Ramacandra: It is a collection of religious stories in simple and popular Sanskrit, The text authentically edited by Dr. A.IN. UPADHYE and Dr. H. L. JAIN with the Hindi Anuvada of, Pt., BALACHANDRA SHASTRI. Crown Octavo pp. 48+ 68. Sholapur 1 64. Price Rs. 10/-, 10, 15. Jainism in Rajasthan This is a dissertation on Jainas and Jainism in Rajasthan and round about area from early times to the present day, based on epigraphical, literary and traditional sources, by Dr. KAILASHCHANDRA JAIN, Ajmer. Crown Octavo pp. 8. 284, Sholapur 1963, Price Rs. 11. :: i T 16. Visvatativa-Prakasu of Bhavasena (13th century A.D.): It is a treatise on Nyaya. Edited with Hindi, Summary and Introduction in which is given. an, authentic Review of Jaina Nyaya literature by Dr. V. P. Johrapurkar, Nagpur. Demy Octavo' pp. 16+ 12+372, Sholapur 1964., Price Rs. 1. " 17. Tirtha-vandana'samgraha: A compilation and study "of Extracts in Sanskrit, Prakriti and Modern Indian Langu I ages from Ancient and Medieval Wonks of Forty Authors about (Digambara) Jaina Holy Places, by Dr., V, P. JOURAPURKAR, Jaora. Demy Octavo ppi 208, Sholapur 165, Erice Rs.5/-. 1 18. Pramaprameya: A treatise on Logical: Topics by Bhavasena Traividya. Authentically Edited with Hindi Translation, Noths etc. by Dr! V. P. JOHRAPURKAR, Mandla, Demi Octavo pp. 158. Sholapur 1966. Price Rs. 5. 06 1. WORKS IN REPARATION :: Page ... M Subhasita-samdoha. Dharma-pariksa, Juna pava Dharmaratnakara, etc. For copies, write, to ;.. ! 20 > Jaina Samsktti Samrakshaka Sangha, 'SANTOSH BHAVAN, Phaltan Galli, Sholapur (C. Rly.J. India.

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jIvarAja jaina graMthamAlA, zolApura kiM. 8 ru. 1 tiloyapaNNatti bhAga 1 kiM. 16 ru. tiloyapaNNatti bhAga 2 kiM. 16 ru. 2 Yasastilaka & Indian Culture 16/3 pANDavapurANa ( zubhacandra) 12 ru. 4 prAkRtazabdAnuzAsanam (trivikrama ) .... kiM. 10 ru. 5 siddhAntasArasaMgraha ( narendrasena ) 10 ru. & Jainism in South India & Some Jaina Epigraphs Rs. 16/7 jaMbUdIvapaNNattisaMgaho ( padmanandI) 8 bhaTTArakasaMpradAya 9 prAbhRtAdisaMgraha 10 padmanandipaJcaviMzati 10 ru. 11 AtmAnuzAsana kiM. 5 ru. 12 gaNitasArasaMgraha 13 lokavibhAga 10 ru. 14 puNyAsravakathAkoza kiM. 10 ru. Jainism in Rajasthan Rs. 11/16 vizvatattvaprakAza kiM. 12 ru. 17 tIrthavaMdana saMgraha kiM. 5 ru. 18 pramAprameya 12 ru. - AgAmI prakAzanajJAnArNava, dharmaparIkSA, dharmaratnAkara, subhASitasaMdoha, ityAdi