Itihas ni Kedi

Author(s): Bhogilal J Sandesara
Publisher: Padmaja Prakashan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/005125/1

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lekhaka gIlAla ja. sAMDesarA vihArAnI ' wtren afte Y LS 11;& stub}} Lite *//

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ItihAsanI keDI (ItihAsa ane purAtattvaviSayaka lekhasaMgraha) : lekhakaH bhegIlAla ja. sAMDesarA svargavAsI paM. zrI lokakumAra zIvakumAra avasthInA smaraNArthe temanA dharmapatnI savitAbena avasthInA bharaphathI zrI akSara puruSottama saMsthAne bheTa pajA prakAzana vaDodarA kiMmata sADAcAra rUpiyA

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itihAsanI keDI prathamavAra : 1945 sarvAdhikAra svAdhIna A pustakamAMnA lakhANane kAi paNa prakAre upayAga karatAM pahelAM prakAzakanI pUrvasaMmati Avazyaka che. : mukhya vikretA : padma pablikezansa limiTeDa sara phirojhazAha mahetA rADa, kATa muMbaI 1 A pustaka zinasiMha cAvaDAe sAdhanA presa,rAvapurA, vaDodarAmAM chApyuM ane padmA prakAzana vatI prasiddha karyu : tA. 1-8-45

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arpaNa sadgata pUjya pheIbAnAM nisIma neha, aDela dheya ane daDha IzvarazraddhAnAM smaraNene-je smaraNe amane sadA sarvadA preraNA Ape che.

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prAstAvika chellAM paMdareka varSa daramyAna judAM judAM sAmayikomAM prasiddha thayelA, ItihAsa, sAhitya ane bhASAviSayaka Azare doDhaso jeTalA mArA lekhomAMthI ApaNA sAmAnya vidyArasika vargane kaMika cikara thAya tevA prakAranA keTalAka lekhone eka nAnakaDo saMgraha taiyAra karavAnI sUcanA zrI bhUkhaNavALA taraphathI thatAM A lekhasaMgraha taiyAra karyo che. lekhono prasiddhikALa ane sthAnAdi "samayanirdeza" mAM batAvyAM che. eka saMgraharUpe chApatAM mULa lekhomAM kaI khAsa pheraphAra karyo nathI. mAtra eka ja viSayanAM judAM judAM aMgonuM nirUpaNa karatA, jude jude samaye lakhAyelA ane chapAyelA lekhamAM anivArya evI keTalIka punaruktio e lekho ekIsAthe chApatAM dUra karI che. vaLI keTaleka sthaLe vigatanI pUrti karI che tathA pAchaLathI thayelAM saMzodhanone nirdeza karyo che. A pustakamAM saMgRhIta thayelA lekho ahIM chapAyA che te svarUpe ja prAmANika gaNavA vinaMtI che. jude jude vakhate lakhAyelA A sarva lejonI guNavattA ekasarakhI nahIM hoya, chatAM ApaNe ItihAsa ane purAtattvanA rasikane A saMgraha kaMIka kAmano thaI paDaze evI AzA che. A saMgrahanA kAryamAM mane aneka rIte sahAya karavA mATe adhyApaka umAzaMkara joSI ane kezavarAma zAstrI tathA zrI bhUkhaNavALAno huM RNI chuM. ucca abhyAsa ane ) saMzodhana vibhAga, gU. va. sa. bhegIlAla ja, sAMDesarA - amadAvAda tA. 26-6-4pa che

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A lekhakanAM pustaka saMzodhane vAghelAonuM gUjarAta (1999) prAcIna gUjarAtI sAhityamAM vRttaracanA (1941) jaina AgamAhityamAM gUjarAta (taiyAra thAya che ) saMpAdana saMghavijayakRta siMhAsanabatrIsI (1993) mAdhavakRta rUpasundarakathA (1974) vIrasiMhakRta uSAharaNa (1977) atisArakRta kapUramaMjarI (1941) sattaramA zatakanAM prAcIna gUrjara kAvya (presamAM) nemicandrakRta piSTizataka-traNa bAlAvabodho sAthe (presamAM) anuvAda saMghadAsagaNikRta vasudeva-hiMDI (presamAM)

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anukramaNikA * * * 25 pa0 ) ha arpaNa ... prAstAvika ... pATaNa pATaNanA graMthabhaMDAra .. hemacaMdrAcAryanuM ziSyamaMDaLa gujarAtamAM saMskRta nATaka prabandhacintAmaNi ... ... devamaMdiramAM bhogAsananAM zilpa... kAmadevanI mUcha ... . gUjarAtanAM sthaLanAme .. prAcIna gUjarAtI sAhityamAM "gUjarAta'nA ullekho.. ApaNuM lokavArtAviSayaka prAcIna sAhitya ... narasiMha pUrvenuM gUjarAtI sAhitya AyurvedanuM saMzodhana ... prAcIna bhAratamAM vimAna kutrikA paNa . . . . samayanirdeza ... ... ... ... ha 113 131 153 c 226 253 suci 3

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pATaNa. prAG zauryavRttI prAG zAstre prA zame prAG samAdhiSu / prAG satye prAG SaDdarzanyAM prAG SaDaGyAmito janaH / / -AcArya hemacaMdra (arthAta zauryavRttimAM, zAstramAM, zamamAM, samAdhimAM, satyamAM, parzanamAM ane vedanAM cha aMgomAM A nagaranA loko agresara che.) nAgarika jIvana e saMskRtinuM udbhavasthAna che. nagara e saMskRtinuM pracArakendra che. A bhAratamAM AvyA tyAre pUrve dakSiNa paMjAba ane sindhamAM vasatA drAviDa nagaravAsIo-mehe jo Dero ane harappAnA vatanI saMskRtinI ucca kakSAe pahoMcelA hatA, ane sugrathita bhAratIya saMskRtine tyArapachI thayelA vikAsamAM e nagarasaMskRtionA vArasAe ghaNo agatyano bhAga bhajavyo hovAnuM have lagabhaga pUravAra thayeluM che. grIka saMskRtino udbhava ane vikAsa tyAMnAM nAnakaDAM nagara-rAjyomAM thayo hato. pachInA kALamAM grIka saMskAritAno vAraso rAma ane konsTanTanopala e yuropanAM be pradhAna nagaroe yathAzakya pacAvyo ane pasAryo hato. Aje paNa yuropIya dezanA pATanagaro pitAnI rASTrIya saMskRtinAM pratIka che. bhAratanA prAcIna itihAsamAM pATalIputra, mathurA, takSazilA, rAjagRha, ujajayinI ane vaizAlI tathA madhyakAlIna itihAsamAM kAja, dhArA, pATaNa ane vijayanagara jevAM nagaronA vRttAnto e ja satya raju kare che. bhAratanA hadayabhAgamAM Avela vArANasI nagarI seMkaDo

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itihAsanI keDI varSo thayAM dharma ane saskAritAne pracAra samasta AryAMvamAM karI rahelI che. gUjarAtanA itihAsanA A dRSTie vicAra karatAM gujarAtanAM keTalAMka pradhAna nagareAnA itihAsa ja kAlAnukrame najara samakSa Ave che. paurANika kALamAM zrIkRSNanI dvArikA, ane pachI girinagara, valabhIpura, zrImAla, pATaNa tathA chelle amadAvAda-eTalAM nagarenA itihAsamAM gujarAtanA rAjakIya temaja sAMskRtika itihAsa paNa mukhyatve samAi jAya che. rAjakIya temaja sAMskArika baLAe paraspara nIpajAvelA AdhAtapratyAdhAtA tathA janasamAja upara temanI asare paNa A nagarAnA itihAsamAMthI vaMcAya che. temAM ye zrImAla, pATaNa ane amadAvAdanI teA eka satata paraparA che. zrImAla bhAMgatAM pATaNa vastu, ane pATaNa bhAMgIne amadAvAda vasyuM. zrImAlanI vasati pATaNamAM ane pATaNanI amadAvAdamAM AvI. pATaNa jene amadAvAda vasyuM ''. e ukita te! kahevatarUpa banelI che, pATaNa ane amadAvAdanAM keTalAMye kulIna kuTumbAnA mULa puruSa zrImAlanA hovAnuM jaNAya che. gujarAtanA itihAsamAM suprasiddha banelA zrImALIe ane pAravADA zrImAlathI AvelA che. pATaNa tathA amadAvAda e e nagarAe sAMskRtika uparAMta rAjakIya ane Arthika dRSTie paNa gujarAtanA itihAsamAM parama mahattvanuM sthAna prApta kareluM che, e zrImAlathI temanI vizeSatA. gUjarAtanI bhAvanAo, AcAravicAre ane saMskAritA--TUMkAmAM tenA samagra jIvana ane svabhAvanA ghaDataramAM pATaNa ane amadAvAda e e nagareAe sauthI meATA phALA ApyA che; ane amadAvAdanA bhAgyamAM teA bhAvI gUjarAtanA saMskAraghaDataranuM prazasya kArya paNa nirmAyeluM che. paNa sa. 997 mAM mULarAja solaMkInA rAjyAreAhaNakALathI mAMDI sa. 1229 mAM kumArapAlanA avasAna sudhInA lagabhaga savAse

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pATaNa varSanA gALAmAM pATaNane je sarvAgINa vikAsa thayo hato te amadAvAda hajI have sAdhavAno che. rAjakIya dRSTie e kALe gUjarAtanuM sAmrAjya dakSiNe kAMkaNuthI uttare dilhI sudhI, ane pUrve saMbhavataH gauDathI pazcime siMdha sudhI vistareluM hatuM. Arthika ane vyApArI daSTie gujarAtanuM pATanagara pATaNa tatkAlIna bhAratavarSanuM samRddhatama nagara hatuM ane sauthI vizeSa to, sAMskRtika dRSTie pATaNa e pazcima bhAratanuM sAcuM vidyApITha hatuM. pATaNanA patana pachI gUjarAtamAM evA suvizALa vidyAkendranuM sthAna hajI paNa aNapUrAyeluM rahyuM che. eka kALe sarasvatI nadInA tIre lAkhArAma nAme gAmaDuM AveluM hatuM. paMcAsaranA eka cAvaDA ThAkaranA putra vanarAje e sthaLe saM. 802 mAM eka gAma vasAvIne pitAnA eka sahAyaka aNahila bharavADanA nAma uparathI aNahilapura pATaNa evuM nAma tene ApyuM ane tyAM potAnI ThakarAta sthApI. bIjA pradezomAM lUMTArA ane cAMciyA tarIke oLakhAtA cAvaDA rAjAonI nAnakaDI ThakarAtamAMthI gujarAtanA sAmrAjyanA ane e ThakarAtanA pradhAna grAmamAMthI pATaNa jevA ItihAsavikhyAta nagarano vikAsa kevI rIte thayo ena vRttAnta jeTalo rasika teTalo ja ubodhaka che. ItihAsamAM cAvaDAonuM mahattva tatkAlIna gujarAtanI anya nAnakaDI ThakarAtothI vizeSa nahIM hoya e nizcita che, kAraNa ke prabaLe vageremAM cAvaDAo viSe je thoDIka vigato maLe che te paNa saMdigdha ane keTalIka vAra to pUrvAparavirodhI che. cAvaDA vaMzanA rAjAonAM nAma, temane rAjyakALa ane temane anukrama e viSe paNa kazI cakkasAI nathI. kadAca Aja kAraNathI AcArya hemacanTe potAnA vyAzraya" kAvyano AraMbha chellA cAvaDA rAjA sAmantasiMhanA bhANeja tathA caulukya vaMzanA pahelA rAjA mULarAjanA vRttAntathI karyo che. pATaNane sAce itihAsa tyArathI ja zarU thAya che, temaja gUjarAtanuM

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itihAsanI keDI vyaktitva paNa e kALamAM ghaDAya che-are, ApaNA prAnta mATe gujarAta" e nAma paNa mULarAja solaMkInA rAjyakALa daramiyAna pracAramAM Ave che. soraThanA graharipu, kacchanA lAkhA phUlANI ane lATanA bArapa upara vijya meLavI mULarAje sAmrAjya vistAra karyo, uttarApathane brAhmaNane gUjarAtamAM vasAvI "jJAnasaMskAranI parabe" besADI ane zrIsthaLamAM rudramahAlaya bAMdhI gujarAtI sthApatyakaLAnI eka amara kRti ApI. mULarAjathI cothI peDhIe thayelA bhIma bANAvaLInA rAjyakALamAM somanAthano bhaMga karanAra mAmUda gajhanavInI savArI gUjarAta upara AvI. aNadhAryA AvelA A vaMToLathI keTalIka vakhata utpAta macI rahyo, paNa cheDA samayamAM gUjarAta pitAnuM jIvana pUrvavata zarU karyuM, ane bhImadevanA putra karNanA samayamAM gujarAta ane pATaNanI pAchI Urdhvagati zarU thaI. karNano putra jayasiMha siddharAja (saM. 1150- 9) eka pracaMDa mahattvAkAMkSI, parAkramI ane vidyArasika rAjA hato. mALavAnA vijya pachI teNe tyAMne sarasvatIbhaMDAra joyo te sAthe gujarAtanuM jJAnadAridra joyuM, ane potAnI prajAne paNa vidyArasika banAvavAnI tene preraNA thaI. tenI ja abhyarthanAthI kalikAlasarvajJa AcArya hemacake gujarAtanuM pradhAna vyAkaraNa "siddhahemacandra" racyuM, ane pATaNane pitAnI kartavyabhUmi banAvI aneka zAstronI racanA karI. AjasudhInA gUjarAte jenI prazasti gAI che te sahastraliMga sarovara paNa siddharAje baMdhAvyuM hatuM. thoDAMka varSothI vaDedarA rAjyanA purAtattva khAtAe tyAM je khodakAma calAvyuM che, te uparathI e sarovaranI bhavyatAne ane enI racanAmAM prajAyelI apratima sthApatyakaLAno kaMIka khyAla Ave che. zaheranA madhyabhAgamAM AveluM, eka hajAra zivAlaya vaDe parivRtta A sarovara zaherIonuM pUjAsthAna, vidyAsthAna temaja manovinodasthAna hatuM. sarovaranA kinAre rAjA taraphathI saMkhyAbaMdha vidyAmaTho bAMdhavAmAM AvelA hatA, jemAM vidyArthIo

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pATaNa temaja adhyApake mATe rahevA-jamavAnI tathA adhyayananI vinAmUlya vyavasthA karavAmAM AvelI hatI. emAM tarka, lasaNa (vyAkaraNazAstra) ane sAhityane tathA vividha darzanazAstrone abhyAsa mukhyatve karAvavAmAM Avato. aneka dharmonA AcAryo pATaNa AvatA, temanI vacce zAstrArthe thatA ane khuda rAjA paNa evA zAstrArthomAM rasa leto. siddharAjanI sabhAmAM zvetAMbara AcArya vAdI devasUri ane digaMbara AcArya kumudacandra vacce thayelo vAda sauthI prasiddha che. emAM chevaTe kumudacandrane parAjaya thayo, ane kadAca e parAjayane kAraNe ja digaMbaronuM prabhutva gUjarAtamAM taddana ghaTI gayuM. eka samakAlIna lekhaka yazazcanTe lakhelA "mukitakumudacandraprakaraNa" nAme saMskRta nATakamAM A vAdanuM vistArathI varNana kareluM che. temAMthI siddharAjanI sabhA, sabhAsado, te kALanA jANItA vidvAno ane pATaNanI sArasvataparaMparA viSe ghaNI jANavA jevI mAhitI maLe che. te kALanA pATaNanuM AcArya hemaca yathArtha varNana kareluM che ke - asti svastikavad bhUmerdhamAgAraM nayAspadam / puraM zriyA sadAzliSyaM nAmnANahilapATakam // (bhUminA svastika samAna, dharmanuM gRha ane nyAyanuM sthAna, lakSmI vaDe sadAkALa aliMgita evuM aNahilavADa nAmanuM nagara che.) siddharAjanA uttarAdhikArI kumArapAlanA samayamAM gUrjara bhUminI ane pATaNanI unnati parAkASTAe pahoMcI. pitAnA kulajhamAgata zaivadharmane tyAga nahIM karavA chatAM kumArapAle hemacandra pAsethI jainadharmanuM zravaNa karI zrAvakanAM vratone svIkAra karyo, ane potAnA rAjyamAM amAri ghoghaNA pravartAvI. A pUrve paNa TheTha vanarAjanA samayathI ja jainadharmanI asara to pATaNamAM puSkaLa hatI. vanarAjanA AzrayadAtA zIlaguNasUri eka caityavAsI jaina sAdhu hatA. pATaNanA rAjyataMtramAM

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itihAsanI keDI paNa jaina viSNukAnuM kI phITa prAdhAnya hatuM. hemacandra jevA jaina AcArya nuM siddharAja ane kumArapAla e e sauthI vikramazALI rAjAe upara sAruM prabhutva hatuM. tatkAlIna samAjamAM jainadharmanAM bhInna baLe| paNa kAma karatAM hatAM. gujarAtanI prajAnI bhAvanAne ane AcArane ahiMsApradhAna banAvavAmAM A aitihAsika kAraNonA ghaNA meATA phALe che. parAkASTA pachI patana e nyAye kumArapAlanA uttarAdhikArI ajayapAlanA samayathI pATaNanI paDatIne prAraMbha thayeA. ajayapAlanI pachI gAdIe AvanAra bhImadeva bIjAnA samayamAM pATaNanA sAmrAjyanA pAyA DeAlI gayA hatA, ane jayantasiha nAme kAI sAmata gheADA samaya mATe bhImadevane hAMkI kADhI rAjyanA mAlika thaI kheThe hatA. bhImadevanA DagamagatA siMhAsanane veLakAnA rANA vAdhelA lavaNuprasAda ane tenA putra vIradhavale pAchuM sthira karyuM, ane vIradhavalanA maMtrIe vastupAla- tejapAlanA netRtva nIce pATaNa ane gUjarAtanA jIvanamAM thoDA samaya pAchuM navacetana AvI gayuM. siddharAja ane kumArapAlanA samayamAM cAlatI hatI tevI sAMskArika pravRttie vastupAla-tejapAlanA Azraya nIce pharI pAchI zarU thai. sAlakInA samayathI mAMDI vIradhavalanA putra vIsaladevanA avasAna sudhIne kALa-vikramanI bAramI ane teramI zatAbdI tathA caudamI zatAbdIne! prathama pAda-e gujarAtanA saMskRta jJAnane madhyAhnakALa che. saMskRta vidyAnu kendrasthAna pATaNa hatuM ane gUjarAtanuM zreSTa saMskRta sAhitya pATaNamAM ja lakhAyeluM che. hemacandra ane temanA ziSyamaMDaLa uparAMta saMkhyAbaMdha jaina AgamagranthA upara pramANabhUta TIkAe racanAra AcAryo abhayadevasUri ane malagiri, AgaLa jene ullekha karyo che te ' mudritakumudacandraprakaraNa 'nA kartA yazazcandra, ' kumArapAlapratibaMdha ' ane 'zatArthIkAvya 'nA kartA seAmaprabhAcAya,

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pATaNa jeNe eka divasamAM Akho prabandha racyo hato tathA siddharAje jene pitAnA baMdhu tarIke svIkAryo hato" "(vanaparsamAjhavadha : prasiddharogaprativaH | zrIpAnAmAM vizvavata...) te prajJAcakSu rAjakavi zrIpAla, zrIpAlane putra siddhapAla tathA pautra vijyapAla, "dhArAvaMsIna kartA gaNapati vyAsa, "vATAlaMkAra'ne kartA vobhaTa, "kIrtikaumudI' ityAdino kartA somezvara, "dUtAMgada'ne kartA subhaTa, tathA harihara, nAnA paMDita, arisiMha, amaracandra vagere te pATaNamAM thaI gayelA seMkaDe saMskRta granthakAro paikI mAtra thoDA ja nAmo che. vastupAla pote paNa eka ucca keTino kavi hatA. teNe naranArAyaNanaMda' nAme eka mahAkAvya racyuM che ane tenI padyaracanAo aneka saMskRta subhASita saMgrahomAM levAyelI che. uparyukta lekhakomAMnA keTalAye vaNike hatA e vastu vaLI saMskRta sAhityanA itihAsamAM khAsa noMdha mAgI le evI che. e kALanuM pATaNa tatkAlIna bhAratavarSanuM samRddhatama nagara hatuM emAM zaMkA nathI. praba ane samakAlIna kAvyanAM varNanone atizayokti gaNIe to paNa samagra madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM pATaNa viSenI je bhAvanAo kurAyamANa thAya che e jotAM e nagaranI janasaMkIrNatA, vyApAraudyoga, samRddhi ane saMskAra viSe kAMI zaMkA rahetI nathI. paradezI musApharonAM varNana paNa e hakIkatanI zAkha pUre che. mauryayuganI jema e kALamAM vasatigaNatarInI prathA nahotI, eTale pATaNane sthaLe sthaLe kevaLa "narasamudra" tarIke varNaveluM che. pATaNanI amApa janasaMkhyA ane pATaNa dhanapationA aDhaLaka vaibhavane lagatI aneka kiMvadantIe paNa pracalita che, je akSarazaH satya na mAnIe to paNa vAstava paristhiti upara keTaleka aMze prakAza pADanArI to che ja. saM. 1960 mAM pATaNanA chellA vAghelA rAjA karNane alAuddIna khilajInA senApati alaphakhAnanA hAthe parAjaya thayo ane muslima

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itihAsanI keDI sattAne prAraMbhika dora gujarAtamAM gAjI rahyo. pATaNa e gUjarAtamAM IslAmI sattAnuM kendra banyuM. vidyA ane kalAne rAjyAzraya maLato aTakyo. jainanA upAyo ane brAhmaNa vidvAnonAM nivAsasthAne sivAya anyatra zAstroSa saMbhaLAto lagabhaga baMdha thayo. vidharmI zAsakanA pralayaMkara jhanUnane kAraNe prajAjIvanamAM pahelAM to jANe ke eka prakAranI oTa AvI. paNa AkramaNanI prAraMbhika coTa sahana karyA bAda sthitisthApaka prajAmAnasa pAchuM mULa dazAmAM AvyuM, ane-kaMIka saMkucita ane keTaleka aMze bhagaurava avasthAmAM- pUrvavat jIvana zarU thayuM. prajAjIvanane lAgelo AkramaNano ghA jIravavAmAM pATaNanA mahAjanoe sAre bhAga bhajavyo hato. alAuddInanA gUjarAta-vijaya pachI agiyAra varSa, saM. 1771 mAM, pATaNanA saMghavI samarasihe alAuddInanI anumati laIne muslimo dvArA khaMDita thayelAM zatruMjaya uparanAM jaina maMdirono-samarArAsa'nA zabdomAM kahIe to hinduonI haja'na-samuddhAra karAvyo hato. samarasiMha tathA tenA bhAI sAlige pitAnI asAdhAraNa rAjakIya lAgavaga dvArA gUjarAtanAM seMkaDe devAlayone muslimonA hAthe thatA sarvanAzamAMthI ugArI lIdhAM hatAM athavA temano punaruddhAra karAvyo hato tathA seMkaDo prajAjanone kedakhAnAmAMthI mukti apAvI hatI. muslima rAjyaamalanA prAraMbha bAda gujarAtanA jIvanamAM pATaNanuM pUrvavata sarvAgINa mahatvanuM sthAna to na ja rahyuM. isavI sananI paMdaramI zatAbdInA prAraMbhamAM ahamadazAhe amadAvAda vasAvatAM rAjakIya kendra paNa pATaNathI khasI amadAvAda gayuM, ane prAcIna pATanagara pATaNa eka rIte pazcAdbhUmAM samAI gayuM. jo ke jenonuM e eka kendrasthAna hoIne jainonA dhArmika ItihAsamAM pATaNa eka ati mahatvanuM sthAna manAyuM che. jaina AcAryonI e kartavyabhUmi baneluM hoI pATaNanA sthAnika ItihAsane lagatI aneka viprakIrNa hakIkato ApaNane jaina paTTAvalIo ane aitihAsika rAsAomAMthI maLe che. aneka jina

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pATaNa maMdirothI saMkIrNa hoI jeno ene Aja sudhI tIrthasthAna gaNe che. kadAca e vastune ja anulakSIne sattaramA zatakamAM racAyelA "hIrasaubhAgya' kAvyanA kartA devavimalagaNi kahe che - zrIstambhatIrtha puTabhedanaM ca yatrobhayatra sphurata : pure dve / ahammadAbAdapurAnanAyA : kiM kuNDale gUrjaradezalakSmyA : // (arthAta amadAvAda jenuM mukha che evI gUrjaradezanI lakSmInAM khaMbhAta ane pATaNa mAM jANe ke banne bAju rAyamANa thatAM kuMDaLo che.) kAdaMbarI'ne gUjarAtI padyAnuvAda karavAnuM duHsAsa saphaLa rIte kheDanAra suprasiddha kavi bhAlaNa tathA tenA putre uddhava ane viSNudAsa soLamA zatakamAM pATaNamAM thaI gayA. arADhamA zatakanA pUrvArdhamAM aneka bhaktirasapUrNa AkhyAno racanAra vaiSNava kavi vizvanAtha jAnI ane e ja zatakanA uttarArdhamAM "kutuhAte AlagIrI' (AlamagIranA vijayo) nAmano suprasiddha phArasI itihAsagrantha lakhanAra tathA durgAdAsa rAThoDa ane auraMgajheba vacce suleha karAvanAra IzvaradAsa nAgara pATaNanA hatA. jaina kavionI vipula sAhityapravRtti paNa cAlu ja hatI. paNa pUrvakAlIna gauravano lepa thatAM sAhityaracanAmAM ye utsAha ane AtmabhAnanI mAtra ochI ja jaNAya che. zrI. munazI, zrI. cunIlAla zAha athavA zrI. dhUmaketunI navalakathAo vAMcIne kaI Aje pATaNa jovA Ave to jarUra nirAza thAya. prAcIna pATaNanAM avazeSamAM Aje rAjagaDhInA koTano thoDoka bhAga, "rANIno mahela nAmathI oLakhAto Tekaro tathA bhImadeva pahelAnI rANI udayamatIe baMdhAvelI "rANIvAvanAM hADa' sivAya bIjuM kaMI khAsa bAkI rahyuM nathI. sastraliMga sarovarane eka paNa paththara te jagAe bedakAma thayuM te pUrve dekhAto nahoto. mahesANA

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itihAsanI keDI kAkAsI relave sarovaranI lagabhaga madhyamAM thaIne jAya che. sarasvatI nadInA paTamAM Avela zekha pharIdanI daragAha tathA nadIne sAme kAMThe AvelI bAvA hAjInI daragAha koI jUnA hiMdu ke jaina maMdiranuM svarUpAntara hoya ema jaNAya che. kanasaDA daravAjA bahAra AvelI para mukhtamazAhanI daragAha e mULa hemacandrAcAryano upAzraya hato ema kahevAya che. muslimakALanAM bIjAM suMdara bAMdhakAmamAM zekha jodhanI vizALa masjida, zaheranA madhyamAM AvelI gumaDA masjida ane akabaranA subA khAna ajhIjha kokAe bAMdheluM khAnasarovara e khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. akabaranA rAjyakALamAM saM. 16paramAM baMdhAyeluM vADIpArzvanAthanuM jaina maMdira, temAMnA abhuta kotaraNIvALA lAkaDakAmane lIdhe, pATaNanA pratyeka pravAsIne darzana mATe AkarSe che. vanarAja cAvaDAe baMdhAveluM paMcAsarA pArzvana nAthanuM maMdira aneka jIrNoddhAra thatAM thatAM Aja sudhI TakI rahyuM che, ane Aje vaLI teno eka navIna jIrNoddhAra thaI rahyo che. jo ke e maMdira vanarAje hAlanA sthAna upara bAMdhyuM haze ke junA pATaNamAMthI mUrti lAvIne hAlanA sthaLe tenI punaHpratiSThA karavAmAM AvI haze-e eka prazna che. paraMtu pATaNanA mahArAja ane dhanikoe bAMdhelAM aneka mahAlayo ane maMdirano Aje kyAye patto nathI. vanarAjanAM kaTezvarIprAsAda, aNahilezvaraniketana ane dhavalagRha, yogarAjanuM yogIzvarInuM maMdira, bhUyaDano bhUyaDezvaraprAsAda, mULarAjanAM mUlarAjavasahikA ane trimUrtiprAsAda, cAmuMDanAM caMdananAthanAM ane cAciNezvaranAM maMdira, durlabharAjanAM rAjamadanazaMkara, durlabhasarovara ane viraprAsAda, bhImadevane tripuruSaprAsAda, bhImezvaranuM ane bharuANInuM maMdira, karNadevano karNae prAsAda, siddharAjano kIrtistaMbha ane sahastraliMganA tIre bAMdhelA aneka satrAgAre ane vidyAmaThe, hemacandranA ziSya rAmacandra potAnA "kumAravihArazataka'mAM amara banAvelo kumArapAlano kumAra

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pATaNa vihAra ane bIjA aneka maMdirane ke vimaLazA ane vastupAlatejapAla jevA keTayAdhIzonA mahelone kyAMya patto paNa nathI. siddharAjane kIrtistaMbha uparanI sahastraliMga sarovaraprazasti 'ne mAtra eka nAne TukaDe pATaNamAM vIjaLakUvAnA mahAdevanA mandiranI bhIMtamAM caNAyelo maLe che. vastupAlanA pUrvajonuM nAma katarelA be ArasanA thAMbhalAo pATaNamAM kAlikA mAtAnA maMdiranA bAMdhakAmamAM che tathA vastupAlanAM satkRtyanI prazastirUpe udayaprabhasUrie lakhela sukRtakIrtikallolinI' kAvyamAM eka zloka kotarelI kuMbhI DaoN. paMDyA abhyAsagRhanA saMgrahAlayamAM che; te thAMbhalA ane kuMbhI temanAM rahevAnAM makAnanAM ja avazeSo hovAM joIe. Abu upara abhuta kalAmaya maMdire bAMdhanAra vimaLa ke vastupAlanAM pitAnAM mahAlo kaMI sAdhAraNa kaTinAM nahIM ja hoya. paNa sadIo sudhI pATaNane paththaranI khANa tarIke upayoga thayo heya tyAM bAkI zuM rahe? "mirAte ahamadI na kartA lakhe che ke amadAvAda tathA bIjA sthaLoe badhe ja paththara pATaNamAMthI lAvavAmAM Avyo hato. navA pATaNanA keTa, kALakAmAtAnuM vizALa maMdira ane vikramanA ogaNIsamAM saikAnI bAreTanI vAva junA pATaNanA paththarothI baMdhAyela che. keTamAM paNa kotaraNIvALI zilAo ane kalAmaya mUrtio avaLI vaLI caNI lIdhelI che e eka glAnikAraka dazya che. pATaNamAM bahArano paththara mAtra cAlIseka varSathI ja Avavo. zarU thayo. eTale enAM makAnomAM paNa moTe bhAge jo paththara vaparAya che. A purAtana avazeSonA paththara kADhI javA mATe dara varSe IjAre ApavAmAM Avato, ane ijArApaddhati baMdha thayA pachI paNa paththare kADhI javAnuM to cAlu ja rahyuM hatuM. "mirAte ahemadInA kartAe pATaNanI AjubAju mAilo sudhI paththaranA DhagalA joyelA, emAMnuM paNa Aje kaMI nathI. mAtra savAso varSa upara karnala ToDe bhavya toraNa ane nakazIkAmavALA daravAjA joyA hatA

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itihAsanI keDI te hAla nathI, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa A avazeSe kaye sthaLe hatAM tenI ye keIne mAhitI nathI! rANInI vAvamAM kUvAne sAme cheDe paththaranA staMbho hovAnuM bajaise lakhyuM che, te paNa hAla nathI. pATaNa eka retALa pradezamAM AveluM che ane tenI AsapAsa kyAM ya paththaranI khANa nathI, chatAM je kALe gADAM sivAya bhAravahananAM bIjAM koI sAdhana nahotAM tyAre paththarono A lagabhaga akhUTa ja ahIM kheMcI lAvavA mATe je dharmazraddhAe preraNA ApI haze ane enI pAchaLa je pracaMDa prayatna cAlu rahyo haze tenI te kalpanA ja karavAnI rahe che. pATaNanA gata gauravano eka mAtra abhagna avazeSa te enA hastalikhita granthabhaMDAro che. A granthabhaMDAronI paraMparA to TheTha valabhIpura ane zrImAlathI cAlI Ave che. mALavAnI sArasvata-samRddhi uparathI preraNA laI siddharAja ane kumArapAle rAjakIya granthabhaMDAro sthApyA hatA ane vastupAle paNa karoDo rUpiyAno kharca granthAlaye sthApyAM hovAnI hakIkata maLe che. vastupAlanA hastAkSaromAM lakhAyelI udayaprabhasUrikRta dharmAkyudaya' kAvyanI ekamAtra tADapatranI prata (je hAla khaMbhAtamAM che) sivAya e bhaMDAromAMnuM kaI pustaka hAlamAM maLatuM nathI, chatAM vikramanI bAramI zatAbdIthI mAMDI ogaNIsamI zatAbdI sudhI lakhAyelAM aneka vidhAno ane saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, jUnI gujarAtI ityAdi bhASAonAM hajAro pustake pATaNamAM che. seMkaDo varSonI vidvataparaMparAnI saMcita kamANI emAM bharI che. paNa AvA granthabhaMDAro pATaNamAM che enI khabara paNa pATaNanA nAgariko paikI ghaNA ochAne che. tarka, lakSaNa ane sAhityarUpI * A saMbaMdhI vizeSa mATe ja A saMgrahamAMno "pATaNanA bhaMDAro" e lekha.

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pATaNa vidyAtrayI'nA pAragAmI bIpAla ane vijyapAla, vAlmaTa ane vastupAla, yazapAla ane arisiMha, somezvara ane gaNapati bonI paraMparA pATaNamAMthI lupta thaI gaI che. gUrjarezvaranA azvone siMdhunAM pANI pAnAra daMDanAyaka vimala ke pATaNanA kaMpAyamAna siMhAsanane daDha karI gujarAtanI saMskRtidIpakane pharI eka vAra sthirajyota banAvanAra vastupAlanA vaMzaje kyAMya zodhyA jaDatA nathI. pATaNanA ane gujarAtanA vyaktitvanA ghaDataramAM adanA hisso ApanAra mahAmA, maMtrIo, senApatio ane sAMdhivigrahamuMjAla ane zAntu, Azuka ane sajajana, udayana ane sema, AMbaDa ane kapadI, caMDazarmA ane dAdara, dAdA ane mahAdeva, gAMgila ane yazodhavala tathA bIjA keTalAye kevaLa kIrtizeSa banyA che. pATaNanA jaino, brAhmaNa ane nAgarone A nAmo paikI kaI yAda paNa che ke kema te koNa jANe! Aje paNa pATaNa gujarAtanA dhanika zahere pikI eka che, paraMtu e dhanane kAraNe paNa teno mAnabhaMga thAya che, kAraNa ke enA dhanika badhA ja paradeza seve che ane mAtra vAra-tahevAre vatanamAM AvIne pitAnA dhananuM pradarzana karI jAya che. eka vAra "narasamudra" tarIke vikhyAta thayelA nagaranAM seMkaDo makAnonAM bAraNAM sadAkALa baMdha jevAM e paNa eka udvegajanaka dasya che. chatAM e paNa eka satya che ke bhUtakALamAM zaurya sAthe ahiMsAnA, aizvarya sAthe saMyamanA, vaibhava sAthe vidyAvyAsaMganA ane vANijya sAthe sarasvatI sevAnA Adarzo caritArtha karIne pATaNa kRtakRtyatA sAdhI che. pitAnA gauravakALamAM gujarAtanuM gurupada laIne pATaNe enuM astitva sArthaka karyuM che. ItihAsane raMgamaMca upara pitAnI kartavyabhUmikA pUrI karIne pATaNe vAnaprastha lIdhuM che. A jagatamAM kazuM ja sthira-sthAvara nathI. aodayanuM cakra niraMtara cAlyAM 13.

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itihAsanI keDI kare che. caDatI pachI paDatI, ane paDatI pachI caDatI e prakRtine sanAtana niyama che. ItihAsanA AraMbhathI mAMDI aneka mahAnagara ane mahAsAmrAjyo UgIne AthamI gayAM che. pATaNa paNa e sanAtana niyamane AdhIna banyuM hoya to emAM zeka zA mATe? chatAM paNa pATaNanAM khaMDeromAM paribhramaNa karatAM kaMIka bhUmiprema ane dezapremane kAraNe, narasiMharAvanI jema sahaja bhAve bolAI javAya che ke - pATaNa! purI purANu! hAla tuja hAla ja hAvA!" 18

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pATaNanA graMthabhaMDAra gUjarAtanA eka jANItA vidvAne thoDAMka varSa para lakhyuM hatuM ke, gUjarAtanI lakSmInI upAsanA to Aje paNa suprasiddha che; paNa gUjarAtIonA pUrvajoe karelI lakSmI temaja sarasvatI baMnenI upAsanA jevI hoya to jAo pATaNa; juo tyAMnA jJAnabhaMDAre." tyAre A vAkya lakhAyuM tyAre e pratye jANakAre sivAya bIjAonuM nahi jevuM ja dhyAna kheMcAyuM haze, paraMtu be varasa para pATaNa mukAme zrI kanaiyAlAla munazInA pramukhapada nIce "haimasArasvata satra" ujavAyuM tyArabAda tyAMnA jJAnabhaMDAremAM rahelA sAhityadhana pratye gUjarAtanI sAmAnya sAhityarasika janatAnuM paNa dhyAna gayuM che. chatAM, e jJAnabhaMDArano ItihAsa zuM che, temanuM mahattva zuM che ane temAM kayA prakAranA graMthe rahelA che ene spaSTa khyAla ghaNA ochAne haze. evo kaMika khyAla A lekha dvArA ApavAno prayAsa karyo che. jJAnabhaMDAra eTale prAcIna pustakAlayoH tADapatra, kApaDa ane kAgaLa upara lakhAyelA vividha viSayane lagatA hastalikhita graMthonA saMgrahe. jAhera mAlikInAM AvAM pustakAlayo rAkhavAnI prathA jaina samAjamAM vizeSa aMze hatI. gUjarAtamAM je je gAmamAM jainonI vasati sArA pramANamAM che, tyAM ochAmAM ocho A eka jJAnabhaMDAra te hovAne ja. paraMtu pATaNanA bhaMDArenuM sthAna A sarvamAM viziSTa che. pATaNa e madhyakAlIna gUjarAtanuM jema rAjakIya tema vidyAviSayaka paNa pATanagara hatuM, ane aneka rAjAo, maMtrIo 15

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itihAsanI keDI 46 tathA dhanADhaconI dAnazUratA ane vidyApriyatAneA lAbha tyAMnA jJAnabhaMDArane maLyA hatA. pariNAme, pustakAnI saMkhyA, prAcInatA temaja mahattAnI bAbatamAM pATaNanA bhaMDAra hiMdanA sarva jJAnabhaMDArAmAM UMcuM sthAna laI zake. DA. piTarsana e bAbatamAM lakhe che ke, pATaNa jevuM hiMdabharamAM eka paNa bIjI zahera me joyuM nathI temaja tenA jevAM AkhA jagatamAM mAtra jUja zahere che ke je ATalI badhI bhavya prAcInatAvALI hastalikhita pratAnA saMgrahanI mAlikInuM abhimAna dharAvI zake. A pratA to yureApanI kAi paNa vidyApIThanA pustakAlayanA magarUrI levA lAyaka ane adekhAi Ave evI rIte sAcavI rAkheleA khajAnA thaI zake tema che." vikramanA bAramA saikAthI mAMDI vIsamA saikAnA AraMbhakALa sudhInA 14,000 karatAM vadhAre, saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza ane prAcIna gUjarAtI hastalikhita graMthA temAM che, e jANyA pachI A udgArAmAM atizayAkti jevuM nathI lAgatuM. gujarAtamAM jJAnabhaMDArAnI sthApanA paDela prathama kyAre thai ho e ceAkkasa kahI zakAya evuM nathI. vikrama saMvata 110mAM valabhIpuramAM devardhigaNa kSamAbhramaNanA pramukhapada nIce jaina zruta lekhArUDha thayuM tene jJAnabhaDArAmAM mUkavAmAM Avyu haze; ane valabhIkALanA gUjarAtamAM auddo, jainA temaja brAhmaNeAnI sAhityapravRtti sArA pramANamAM cAlatI hatI, eTale kAi prakAranAM pustakAlayeAnuM astitva te tyAM hAvuM ja jeI e; paraMtu siddharAja ane kumArapALanA kALa pahelAMnA gujarAtanA jJAnabhaMDArA saMbaMdhamAM kASTha vizvAsapAtra mAhitI maLI AvatI nathI. gUjarAta ane mALavA vaccenI rAjakIya spardhAmAMthI sAMskArika spardhA janmI. siddharAjanI vinaMtIthI hemacaMdre gUjarAtanuM pradhAna vyAkaraNa racyuM ane gUjarAtanI sAhityapravRttine madhyAhnakALa zarU 16

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pATaNanA cabhaMDAre thayA. vijetA siddharAje mALavAnAM sarasvatIbhavane joyAM, sAthe gujarAtanuM jJAnadAridya paNa joyuM. traNa lahiyAo pAse satata traNa varSa sudhI lekhanakArya karAvIne teNe rAjakIya pustakAlaye sthApyAM ane hemacandranA vyAkaraNanI seMkaDo prati lakhAvI paradezanAM pustakAlayAmAM bheTa melI. siddharAja pachI kumArapAle paNa ekavIsa jJAnabhaMDAro sthApyA hatA ane rAjakIya pustakAlaya mATe jaina Agama graMtho lakhAvyA hatA. dhoLakAnA rAjA vIradhavalanA suprasiddha jaina maMtrI vastupAle karaDe rUpiyAnA kharce traNa jJAnabhaMDAre sthApyAnI hakIkata prAcIna graMthomAMthI maLI rahe che. paraMtu aphasosanI vAta che ke A prAcIna pustakAlayomAMnI eka ja pothI Aja sudhImAM maLI che.* AvA meTA prayatno bAda karIe topaNa aneka dhanika temaja sAmAnya mANasoe AMtarika ullAsathI ke kaI paralokavAsI svajananA eya artha, vratanA udyApana nimitte ke kevaLa sAhityarucithI, sekaDethI mAMDI mAtra eka-be saMkhyAmAM graMtha lakhAvyAnA ane adhyayana mATe dAna ApyAnA ullekho maLe che. jJAnabhaMDAronI sAhityasamRddhi vadhAravAmAM AvI a5saMpanna vyaktiono paNa kaMI jevote hisso nahi hoya. pATaNanA graMthabhaMDAre paNa AvI dharmapremI vyaktionA dAnane pariNAme vikAsa pAmyA haze, ema mAnavuM yogya che. paraMtu bhaMDAro je rAjadivakamAMthI pasAra thayA che te dhyAnamAM letAM e sthApanArAo * A piothI te udayaprabhasUrikRta "dharmAbhyadaya" kAvyanI tADapatra upara lakhAelI prata. ene aMte zrIvAstupAna ahi e ullekha che. "vastupAle lakhI" athavA "vastupAle lakhAvI" evA tenA be artha thaI zake. game tema, paNa tene vastupAlanA jJAnabhaMDAranI mAnavAmAM vAMdho nathI. pU. munizrI puNyavijayajI hAla e kAvyanuM saMpAdana karI rahyA che.

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itihAsanI keDI karatAM ye tenuM rakSaNa karanArAoneA ApaNe vadhAre AbhAra mAnave joi e. zraddAthI ke aMdhazraddhAthI kaheA, pustAne jJAnadevatA mAnI temanu e leAkeAe vyavasthita saMgeApana karyuM, rAjakIya aMdhAdhUMdhInA kALamAM paNa bIjI badhI mAlamilakatane paDatI mUkI bhaDArAmAMnA graMthAne jesalamera ke khaMbhAta jevAM surakSita sthAnAe khaseDavAmAM rekAyA, ane zAntinA kALamAM paNa, jo ke yaMtravat chatAM cokkasa sabhALa rAkhIne vidvAna cAreAnA haste thatI lUMTa ghaNe aMze aTakAvI e mATe AjanI prajA temanI kharekhara RNI raheze. ane A bhaDAre!mAM mAtra jaina graMthA ja rahetA ema nahetuM. jeneAnuM prAraMbhika sAhitya te badhuM prAkRtamAM hatuM. jainenA saMskRta sAhityanI khIlavaNI tA mukAbale meADI thai gaNAya. je phALe jainee saMskRtamAM lakhavAneA AraMbha karyAM te kALe bhAratIya vidyAnI aneka zAkhAomAM brAhmaNeA temaja bauddhoe khUba pragati sAdhI lIdhI hatI. jaitAne paNa temanI sAthe sAhityaviSayaka spardhAmAM UtaravAnuM hatuM tathA temanAM datAnuM khaMDana karI jaina dananuM maMDana karavAnuM hatuM, ane e mATe anekadezIya vidvattA temaNe saMpAdana karavAnI hatI. eTale jaina bhaDArAmAM jaina graMthA uparAMta bIjA dharmAMnA paNa pratyeka viSayanA graMthA rAkhavAmAM AvatA. pariNAme Aje jaina bhaDArAmAMthI jainetareAnA paNa virala ane zakavartI graMthA prApta thAya che. emAM ye pATaNa teA jainAnI saMskRta sAhityapravRttinuM sauthI moTuM kendrasthAna hatuM, eTale tyAM evA graMthA vizeSa pramANamAM maLe temAM kaMI navAi jevuM nathI. paNa e bhaMDArAmAM je jaina sAhitya che tenI kiMmata ethI krAi rIte ochI AMkavAnI nathI. gujarAtanA madhyakAlIna itihAsa hiMdustAnanA bIjA prAMtAne mukAbale vadhu vyavasthita, silasilAbaMdha ane susaMkalita svarUpamAM maLe che, te e sAhityanI eka zAkhA 18

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pATaNanA cazvabhaMDAra aitihAsika prabaMdho-ne AbhArI che. e prabaMdho kevaLa rAjakIya ItihAsa mATe ja nahi, paraMtu samAja ane saMskRtinA abhyAsa mATe paNa ghaNA upayogI che. e sAhitya eTaluM vizALa che ke ahIM tenI nAmAvali paNa ApavAno avakAza nathI. jijJAsue "gUjarAtanA madhyakAlIna ItihAsanI sAdhanasAmagrI" e nAmanuM munizrI jinavijayajInuM vyAkhyAna athavA zrI mohanalAla desAIkRta 'jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa" e pustakanAM madhyakAlIna sAhityane lagatAM prakaraNe jevAM. vaLI jaina dhArmika graMtho uparAMta jainoe lakheluM saMskRta ane prAkRta sAhitya, jevuM ke caritra, kathA, koza, alaMkAra, nATaka, kAvya, vyAkaraNa, tarka, zilpa, vaidaka, jyotiSa e sarvamAM paNa pATaNanA bhaMDAranI samRddhi sauthI vadhAre che. ane e bhaMDAromAMthI apabhraMza sAhitya ATalA moTA pramANamAM na maLyuM hota to A khabara paNa kane paData ke AjanI gUjarAtI, marAThI, rAjasthAnI, hiMdI ane baMgALI bhASAo e apabhraMzanI putrIo che? sAdhAraNa rIte ema mAnavAmAM Ave che ke prAcIna gUjarAtI sAhityamAM gadyalekhana virala hatuM, paraMtu bhaMDAromAM paDeluM caudamAthI ogaNIsamA saikA sudhInuM vipula gadyasAhitya je ekatra karavAmAM Ave to bahata kAvyadohana jeTalA pacIsa graMtha to saheje bahAra pADI zakAya. e sivAya paNa apabhraMza ane prAcIna gUjarAtInuM je vizALa sAhitya e bhaMDAromAM paDyuM che te gujarAtanA seMkaDo vidvAnone sadIo sudhI saMzodhana mATeno khorAka pUro pADI zake tema che. rAjapUta citrakalAnA jUnAmAM jUnA namUnA karatAM ye doDhaso baso varSa jeTalA prAcIna gujarAtI citrakaLAnA namUnAo pATaNanI tADapatranI pratimAMthI maLI Ave che, e gUjarAta mATe gaurava levA

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itihAsanI keDI jevuM che. hemacaMdra ane kumArapAlanuM jANItuM citra saM. 1294nI eka pratamAMthI maLe che. ATaATalI samRddhi mojUda che mATe ja pATaNanA jJAnabhaMDAre pratye ghaNuM jUnA kALathI saMzodhakonuM dhyAna dorAyuM che. jo ke bhAratIya vidyAnA pratyeka kSetranI jema ahIM paNa ApaNane kaMIka lajajAspada vastu eTalI ja che ke e viSayamAM agatyakArya karanArA paradezIo ja hatA. pATaNanA bhaMDArAnuM sauthI paheluM mahattva pichANanAra "enAlsa eNpha rAjasthAnanA suprasiddha lekhaka karnala jemsa ToDa. 1832mAM teo pATaNa AvyA hatA ane pitAne guru yati jJAnacaMdanI sahAyathI bhaMDAreno keTaloka bhAga joI zakyA hatA. teo lakhe che: "aNahilavADamAM be ja vastuo sauthI mahattvanI cheH eka vanarAjanI mUrti, ane bIjI jaina pustakAlaye." A pachI 1873mAM "rAsamALA'nA lekhaka alekajhAnDara kinlaka phorbsa ane 1875mAM DaoN. jyorja bulhare pATaNanI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI ane teo muzkelI e thoDIka sAmagrI joI zakyA hatA. Do. bulhare keTalIka pratonI nakala karI lIdhI hatI tathA temanA zAstrIe mahattvanA graMthanI eka sUci taiyAra karI hatI. A uparathI temaNe muMbaI sarakAra samakSa nivedana karatAM sarakAre I. 1883mAM pro. rAmakRSNa gopAla bhAMDArakara ane pro. AbAjI viSNu kAthavaTane pATaNa mokalyA. teo mAtra cAra ja bhaMDAra joI zakyA hatA, kemake bIjA bhaMDAranI vyavasthApake koIne paNa pustako batAvavAne rAjI na hatA. A badhI tapAsa uparaTapakenI ane je te vidvAne mAtra potapitAnA daSTibinduthI karI hatI. eTale vadhAre sUkSma ane vyavasthita

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pATaNanA rathabhaMDAra tapAsa karavA mATe 1892mAM vaDodarA rAjya taraphathI pra. maNilAla nabhubhAI dvivedInI nimaNUka karavAmAM AvI. rAjyanI lAgavagathI zrI divedIne pustake jovAnI chUTa paNa vadhAre maLI. temaNe mahinAo sudhI bhaMDAranAM bhecarAM jevAM makAnamAM besI navathI dasa hajAra prate tapAsI ane nakala karAvavA lAyaka 374 kRtionI eka yAdI taiyAra karI ane e pachInAM thAzraya, yogabindu, anekAnapraveza, vikramArkaprabandha, siMhAsanadhArnAizika, kumArapAlaprabandha ityAdinAM bhASAntare paNa temaNe sadgata mahArAjA sayAjIrAva gAyakavADanI ejJAthI karyo. A pachI turata ja i. sa. 1893mAM muMbaI sarakAra taraphathI Do. piTarsana tapAsa mATe AvyA. A vakhate temane ThIka sagavaDe maLatAM 200 karatAM paNa vadhu hAthapratonI nakalo te karAvI zakyA hatA. che paraMtu pATaNanA bhaMDAronI lagabhaga pratyeka pratanuM talasparzI avalokana ane noMdhaNI to vaDodarAnI senTrala lAyabrerInA saMskRta lAyabrerIana zrI cImanalAla dalAle pravartaka zrI kAntivijayajInA ziSyamaMDaLanI sahAyathI TheTha i. sa. 1915mAM karyA hatAM. kharuM dhana to tyAre ja khodI kADhavAmAM AvyuM. ane te eTaluM to mahattvanuM jaNAyuM ke tenA prakAzana mATe gAyakavADa sarakAre "prAcya vidyAmaMdira' nAmanI saMsthAnI sthApanA karI ane "gAyakavADa paulya graMthamALA'ne AraMbha karyo. pATaNanA bhaMDAremAMnAM pustakanI varNanAtmaka sUcine pahelo bhAga (tADapatranI pratonI ci) bahAra paDI gayo che, ane bIje thoDA samayamAM bahAra paDaze. Ama chatAM hajI ghaNuM cALavaNI karavAnI che. keTalAMka truTaka pAnAM, keTalAMka nyAyanAM pAnAMevAM evAM nAma nIcenI pratomAMthI tatvasaMgraha" jevAM virala ratna paNa maLI Ave che. thoDAMka varSo

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itihAsanI keDI para munizrI puNyavijayajIe khavAi gaelAM tADapatrAnA eka DhagalAnI bArIka tapAsa karIne mALavAnA rAjA muMjanI kArakIrdine eka agatyane savata zeAdhI kADhayo hata munizrI jazavijayajI tathA yuti hiMmatavijayajInA khAnagI saMgraheAnA samAveza karatAM pATaNanA bhaMDArAnI kula saMkhyA atyAre 14nI thAya che. DhaMDheravADAmAM punamiyA gacchane eka meTA bhaMDAra hatA, temAM 400 dAbaDAe hatA ema kahevAya che. maNilAla nabhubhAine emAMnA keTaleAka bhAga batAvavAmAM Avele, paraMtu tyArabAda keTalAMka varSe punamiyA gacchanA zrIpUjya ane pATaNanA saMdha vacce keTalAMka kAraNasara mudde thaelA, ane temAM bhaMDAra saMbaMdhI paNa takarAra hatI. AthI te bhaMDArane khaseDIne kayAMka lai javAmAM AvyA hateA. te hAla kAM che tenI kaMi mAhitI nathI. ' ema to gai sadI daramiyAna pATaNanA bhaMDArAmAMthI ghaNI ke vastue guma thai gai che. punamiyA gacchavALA yati svarUpacaMdanu avasAna thayuM. tyArabAda prastuta bhaMDAramAMnAM keTalAMka hastalikhita pustakA aMgreja amaladArAnA ejanTAnA hAthamAM gayAM hatAM, ema kahevAya che. mULa pATaNanA bhaMDAra| yatieAnA tAbAmAM hatA, temaNe paisAnA leAbhe ghaNAMka pustakA vecI dIdhelAM. i. sa. 1880-81mAM DaoN. zilDone mahemacaMda meAdInA bhaMDAramAMthI tADapatranI 78- hAthaprate muMbai sarakAra mATe kharIda karI hatI. bhUtakALamAM bhaMDArana kAi vyavasthApakAe paNa lAbhavRttine kAraNe pustakA vecyAM haze ane kAi leAkA vyavasthApakAnA ajJAnanA tathA bhaMDArenI avyavasthita sthiti ane hAthapratAnA vargIkaraNanI paddhatinA abhAvanA lAbha lai pratA cArI paNa gayA haze,

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pATaNanA granthabhaMDAre A sthitimAMthI bhaMDArono uddhAra karavAno yaza pravartakazrI kAtivijyajI, temane paTTaziSya sadgata munizrI caturavijyajI tathA praziSya munizrI puNyavijyajIne ja ghaTe che. temaNe dareka bhaMDAranA graMthanI savistara sUcio taiyAra karAvI, avyavasthita paDI rahetI pratonuM vargIkaraNa karyuM, tADapatranI tathA bIjI mahatvanI pratone lAkaDAnI pATIo vacce rAkhI majabUta baMdhanamAM bAMdhavAnI vyavasthA karI, prati upara TakA kAgaLanAM pUThAM caDAvI tenA upara pratanAM nAma, naMbara tathA pRSThasaMkhyA lakhavAnI paddhati dAkhala karI. AthI bhaMDArano upayoga karavAmAM saraLatA vadhI ane prato vyavasthita thavAthI temaja bhaMDArAnI vyavasthA zrAvakenA hAthamAM AvavAthI ghAlamelano bhaya paNa ocho thayo. pATaNamAMthI ghaNuM gayuM che, chatAM hajI puSkaLa tyAM bAkI rahyuM che. gayuM teno zeka karavAne kaMI artha nathI; have to e bhaMDAranI bhAvI salAmatI ane sadupayoganA ja vicAra karavAnA che. eNlekjhAnDiyA ane parsIpAlisanAM jagaprasiddha pustakAlayo jyAre Aje nAmazeSa thayAM che, tyAre pATaNanAM bhaMDAre ATaATha sadIo thayAM kALanA pracaMDa pravAhanI vacce UbhA rahIne, game tema to ye, pitAnuM gaurava jALavI rahyA che e paNa kaMI ochuM AzvAsana che? pATaNamAM haima sArasvatasatranI UjavaNI thaI te vakhate pATaNanA sarva bhaMDArone kendrastha karavAnA irAdAthI eka "hemacandrAcArya jJAnamaMdira' paNa khulluM mukAyuM che; ane hamaNAM pATaNanA lagabhaga cauda bhaMDAro paikI keTalAkanA pustakasaMgraho tyAM mUkavAno prabaMdha paNa thaI gayo che. ApaNe IcchIe ke pATaNane samagra graMthasaMgraha tyAM kendrastha thAya; kemake jyAre ema thaze tyAre sarvasAdhAraNa saMzodhakane paNa pATaNanA bhaMDAronAM

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itihAsanI keDI pustaka tapAsavAnI pUratI saraLatA maLaze, pustakanuM saMgApana ane saMrakSaNa vadhAre sArI rIte thaze tathA bhUtakAlIna gujarAtamAM pATaNa jevuM vidyAkendra hatuM tevuM Adhunika gujarAtamAM saMzodhana kendra thaze. ane pATaNanA pratyeka yAtrALune eTalI vinaMti karavAnI ke jenA akSare akSare dIvA baLe che evA e purAtana graMthonuM ekavAra darzana karavAnuM te na bhUle. * ApaNI saundaryazALI prAcIna lekhanakaLA judI ja cacAM mAgI leta viSaya che. A lekhamAM tene avakAza nathI. jijJAsue munizrI puya. vijayajI kRta bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhanakalA" e labdha pratiSTha nibaMdha je.

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hemacandrAcAryanuM ziSyamaMDaLa kalikAlasarvajJa 'zrIhemacandrAcAryanA yuga e gujarAtanA itihAsanA suvarNa yuga che. harakAI diSTae e kALamAM gUja rAnI pragati ane unnati jovAmAM Ave che. siddharAja ane kumArapAlanA e zAsanasamayamAM gujarAtanA sAmrAjyane abhUtapUrva vistAra thaye; vidyAkaLA, vANijya, mutsaddIgIrI e sarva kSetrAmAM gujarAtanA ane gUjarAtIone vikAsa thayeA. te kALanA sthApatyanAM ghaNAM eThAM avazeSa Aje ApaNane jovA maLe che. parantu je jevA maLe che te uparathI tathA prAcIna grantheAmAMnAM varNana uparathI e prAsAde, mahAlayA ane devadirAnI jhAMkhI ApaNA manaHcakSune thaI zake che. gUjarAtanI vANijyaviSayaka jAhojalAlInAM paradezI musApharAe karelAM saMkhyAbadha vahu ne prApta thAya che, paNa Aje samagra hindanA vyApAraudyogamAM gujarAtIonuM sthAna e ja mAtra e kALane je vArasA ApaNe bhogavI rahyA chIe tenI kalpanA karAvavAne basa thaze. e kALanI ahiMsAmAM navI prApta thayelI sAttvika siddhinuM jema hatuM. aneka jaina mantrIe, amAtyA ane senApatione, kumArapAla jevA paramAta rAjAne ane hemacandrAcAya jevA pirakta sanyAsIne paNa jaina siddhAntAe pravRttivimukha banAvyA nahotA. : bhUtakALamAM najara pheMkatAM siddharAja-kumArapAlanA rAjyakALamAM asAmAnya dIpti jaNAya che. e dIpti jANe hemacandranAM zAnta pratibhAvAna nayaneAmAMthI bahAra paDI rahI che. emAM vidyA, saMskAritA ane sadharma samabhAvanuM adbhuta ejas che. hemacandre AkhA eka

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itihAsanI keDI dezanI prajAnA jIvananuM ane tenI vicArabhUmikAnuM pAsuM pheravI nAkhyuM ema kahIe to khoTuM nathI. kumArapAlapratibadha ane tenA pariNAmarUpa amArigheSaNA-enI sajajaDa chApa AjanA gujarAta para nathI ema koNa kahI zakaze? eka sAhityacArya tarIke hemacandranuM sthAna bhAratanA itihAsamAM ajoDa che. mALavA ane gujarAtanI rAjakIya spardhAmAMthI sAMskArika spardhA janmI ane e spardhAnuM pariNAma te siddharAjanI vinaMtI parathI hemacanTe lakheluM "siddhahema vyAkaraNa." paNa hemacandranI sarvamukhI pratibhA mAtra vyAkaraNa lakhIne aTakI nathI. "abhidhAnacintAmaNi, "anekArtha saMgraha,'nighaMTukaza." "dezInAmamAlA' jevA zabdakoza, "siddhahema,' 'liMgAnuzAsanadhAtupArAyaNa" jevA vyAkaraNagraMtha, kAvyAnuzAsana' jevo alaMkAragrantha, "indonuzAsana' jevuM chaMda - zAstra, saMskRta ane prAkRta "kyAzraya" tathA "sakhtasaMdhAna" jevAM kAvyo, "pramANumImAMsA' ane "yogazAstra' jevA gahana zAstrIya grantho ane "triSaSTizalAkApurapacaritra' jevAM kaviyukta caritra ityAdi aneka viSaya paranA temanA pratye, Do. piTarsane AzcaryanI UbharAtI lAgaNIo sAthe ApeluM "jJAnano mahAsAgara" (Ocean of Knowledge) e vizeSaNa sArthaka TharAve che. samaprabhasUrie "zatAthakAvyanI TIkAmAM lakhyuM che - kRptaM vyAkaraNaM navaM viracitaM chando navaM vyAzrayA'laMkArau prathitau navau prakaTitaM zrIyogazAstraM navam / tarka: saMjanito navo jinavarAdInAM caritraM navaM baDhe yena na kena kena vidhinA moha : kRto dUrata : // (jeNe navuM vyAkaraNa, navuM chaMdazAstra, navuM yAzraya, navuM alaMkArazAstra, navuM tarkazAstra ane navAM jinacarite racela che teNe (hemacaMdra)

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hemacandrAcAryanuM ziSyamaDaLa Ama karIne kayI kayI rIte ApaNA meha dUra karyAM nathI?-arthAt sarva rIte karyAM che.) AvA prabhAvazALI puruSanI AsapAsa vidyApremI ziSyAnuM maMDaLa jAme e taddana svAbhAvika che. AvA puruSA ziSyamaMDaLa vizALa banAvavA paratve udAsIna hoya che. vahetI gaMgAmAMthI jema je kAine garaja heAya te kheAkhe| bharIne pI le athavA ghaDe! bharI le tema jete jJAnanI pipAsA hoya che tee ja ahIM ekatrita thAya che. hema de ziSyAnI saMkhyA vadhAravAne kadi paNa prayatna karyo hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI, ane temanA je ziSyA viSe Aje ApaNane kaMi paNa jANavA maLe che. tee sArA vidvAna ane sAhityakArA hatA, tethI uparanA kathanane puSTi maLe che. temanA ziSyA paikI rAmacandrasUrinI khyAti hindabharanA vidvAnAmAM prasarelI hatI ane te kALanA vidvAnAmAM temanu sthAna mAtra hemacandrathI bIjI' hatu. A uparAMta guNacandra, mahendrasUri, vamAnagaNi, devacandra, udayacandra, yazazcandra, bAlacandra vagere khIjA ziSyA hatA. te sarvee sAhityamAM echevatto kALA ApyA che ane jyAre ApaNe bhAratIya sAhityamAM gUjarAte ApelA kALAnI vicAraNA karavA besIe tyAre te sanI sAhityapravRtti lakSamAM levI paDe tema che. hemacandranI agAdha vidvattAnA vArasA e sava ziSyAmAM ApaNe ei zakIe chIe. e sa viSe yathAzaya mAhitI ahIM ApavAne prayAsa karyAM che. 1. mahAkavi rAmacandra mahAkavi rAmacandra kyAMnA vatanI hatA, kayI jJAtinA hatA, temanAM mAtApitAnuM nAma zuM, vagere viSe kaMI paNa hakIkata maLatI nathI. temaNe racela 'nalivilAsa nATaka' (prasiddha gA. e. sIrIjha)nA saMpAdaka che. lAlacaMdra gAMdhInA anumAna pramANe, rAmacandranA 27

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itihAsanI keDI janma saM. 1145mAM. thayA hatA, temaNe dIkSA sa. 1150mAM lIdhI hatI, sa. 1166 mAM sUripada meLavyuM hatuM, saM. 1229 mAM hemacandrAcArya nA paTTadhara thayA hatA ane saM. 1230 mAM temanuM maraNa thayuM hatuM. rAmacandra e hemacandrAcAyanA paTTaziSya hatA evu spaSTa anumAna aitihAsika sAdhanA parathI kheMcI zakAya che. * prabhAvacarita 'nA hemAcArya prabaMdhamAM eka evA prasaMga varNavelA che, jemAM siddharAja hemacandrane pUche che ke tamArI pachI tamArUM sthAna zeAbhAvavAne yeAgya evA kayA ziSya tamArI najare paDe che? tyAre hemacandra siddharAja sAthe rAmacandrane paricaya karAve che ane hemacandra jevA mahAna AcAya nA ziSyane chAje tevI rIte ekadaSTi ' banavAnI sUcanA siddharAja rAmacandrane Ape che.2 jayasiMharinuM * kumArapAlacarita' jaNAve che ke hemacandranA avasAnathI kumArapAlane thayele zAka rAmacandre zamAvyeA hateA. " 1. rAmacandra ane guNacandre sAthe racela 'nATacakra Nu '(prasiddha gA. A. sI. ) nA saMpAdaka zrI. zrIgendekare rAmacandranA janma sa'. 1156 mAM mAnyA che. 2. rAjJA zrIsiddharAjenAnyadA'nuyuyuje prabhuH / bhavatAM ko'sti paTTasya yogyaH ziSyo guNAdhikaH // tamasmAkaM darzayata cittotkarSAya mAmiva / aputramanukampArha pUrve tvAM mA sma zocayan // Aha zrImacandrazca na ko'pyevaM hi cintakaH / Adyo'pyabhU dilApAlaH satpAtrAmbhodhicandramAH // sajJAnamahimasthairyaM munInAM kiM na jAyate / kalpadrumasame rAjJi tvIdRzi kRtasthitau // 28

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hemacandrAcAryanuM ziSyamaMDaLa rAmacandranI lekhanapravRtti rAmacandra raghuvilAsa, nalivilAsa, yahuvilAsa, satyaharizcandra, nirbhayabhImabAga, mallikAmakarandaprakaraNa, rAghavAkyudaya, rohiNuMmRgAMka prakaraNa, vanamAlAnATikA, kaumudImitrANaMda ane yAdavAlyudaya e pramANe agiyAra nATake ane sudhAkalaza nAme subhASitakeza lakhyAM che. A uparAMta, potAnA gubhAI guNacandranI sAthe nATyadarpaNa e nATyazAstrano grantha ane dravyAlaMkAra e nyAyazAstrane grantha lakhyo che. e banne upara vRtti paNa emaNe pote ja lakhI che. kumAravihArazataka ane yugAdidevAniMzikA e kAvyo paNa rAmacandra lakhyAM che. nATayazAstrI rAmacandra AmAM "nATyadarpaNa" atyaMta mahatvanuM che; kemake nATyazAstra paranA saMskRta granthA mAtra AMgaLInA veDhe gaNAya eTalA che. nATya astyAmuSyAyaNo rAmacandrAkhya : kRtizekharaH / prAptarekhaH prAptarUpaH saMghe vizvakalAnidhiH // anyadA'darzayaMste'muM kSitipasya stutiM ca saH / anuktAmAdyavidvadbhihallekhAdhAyinI vyadhAt // tathAhi mAtrayA'pyadhikaM kiM( ka )cinna sahante jigISavaH / itIva tvaM dharAnAtha dhArAnAthamapAkRthAH / zirodhUnanapUrva ca bhUpAlo'tra dRzaM dadhau / rAme vAmetarAcArau viduSAM mahimaspRzAm / / ekadRSTibhavAn bhUyAd vatsa jainendrazAsane / mahApuNyo'yamAcAyoM yasya tvaM padarakSakaH / / -prabhAvaritaH hemAcArya prabaMdha: lokaH 129-37

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itihAsanI keDI zAstra uparAMta bIjI rIte paNa "nATyadarpaNa"nI agatya che. vividha viSayonAM udAharaNo ApavA mATe emAM rAmacanTe kula cuMmAlIza saMskRta nATakomAMthI avataraNa ApyAM che athavA e nATakonA prastuta ullekha karyA che. A nATakAmAMnAM keTalAMka te Aje aprApya che. vizAkhadattanuM "devIcandragupta' nATaka je atyAre maLatuM nathI tenAM saMkhyAbaMdha avataraNo "nATyadarpaNamAM jaLavAI rahyAM che ane tethI guptakALanA ItihAsa upara keTalAka navIna prakAza paDe che. rAmacandra nATyadarpaNa"mAM nATyazAstra, rasazAstra ane abhivyakalA paratve keTalAMka mahattvanAM ane te kALane lakSamAM letAM to praNAlikAbhaMjaka gaNI zakAya evAM vidhAno karyA che. pUrvakALanA sarva alaMkArazAstrIonuM-jemAM rAmacandranA guru hemacandrano paNa samAveza thaI jAya che-e vidhAna che ke "rasa" e brahmAnaMda samAna AnaMda ApanAra hovo joIe; paNa rAmacandra kuTukamo rasa: . ema lakhIne rasane sukhAbhaka ane duHkhAtmaka ema be prakAre vibhakta karyo che ane jaNAvyuM che ke kavi athavA abhinetAnuM cAturya jovA mATe loko duHkhAtmaka nATaka jovA jAya che. nATakano hetu mAtra AnaMda ApavAne nahIM, paraMtu jIvanamAM rahelI karuNatAnuM paNa darzana karAvavAno che, ema A uparathI phalita thAya che. AthI ye vadhu to, rAmacanTe pUrvakAlIna nATavAcAryonI bIjI eka mAnyatAno sacoTa vireAdha karyo che te jovA jevuM che. abhinetA je saMvedano ane bhAvanAo potAnA abhinatyadvArA vyakta kare che te e pite anubhavato nathI, evI e prAcIna mAnyatA che. rAmacandra lakhe che ke je bhAvanA abhinetA prekSako samakSa mUrta karavA mAgato hoya te e pote anubhavyA sivAya rahI zake ja nahIM-"jema vezyA bIjAne prasanna karavA jatAM pite paNa AnaMdane anubhava kare che tema." rAmacandrano nATyazAstrane abhyAsa keTalo talasparzI ane maulika hato te A uparathI joI zakAze. laukika viSayane lagatAM saMkhyAbaMdha nATakonA praNetA tarIke 30

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hemacandrAcAryanuM ziSyamaMDaLa nATya ane abhinayanAM vividha aMgene vyavahAru daSTie avalokavAno. temane sAre avakAza maLyo haze, paNa pUrvakAlIna paraMparAothI jakaDAyelA yugamAM vyavahAru satya para ghaDAyelAM vidhAnane pAMDityanA kSetramAM chUTAM mUkavAnuM sAhasa karavuM e kaMI sAmAnya vAta nahotI. "prabandhazatakaI? rAmacandrane "prabandhazatakartA' nAmathI oLakhavAmAM Ave che. temaNe e vize paNa potAne mATe potAnI kRtiomAM vAparyuM che. paM. lAlacandra gAMdhI mAne che ke temaNe kula sau prabaLe lakhelA hovA joIe ke jemAMnA ghaNAkharA Aje prApta thatA nathI. bIje mata evo che " prabandhazata" e zabda rAmacandra racelA prabonI saMkhyAno vAcaka nathI, paraMtu e nAmano grantha ja temaNe racyo che joIe. zrI. jinavijayajIe alaMkAra, kAvya, nATaka vagere viSayanA. pratyenI eka prAcIna yAdI prasiddha karelI che.* anumAna thaI zake che tema, e yAdI kedanA pustakasaMgrahanI hovI joIe. emAM eka sthaNe paM. rAmacaMdrakRtaM prabandhazataM dvAdazarUpakanATakAdisvarUpajJApakaM (zlokasaMkhyA) u000 e pramANe ullekha che. zrI. jinavijayajI mAne che ke hemacandra kAvyAnuzAsanamAM je bAra vastuo rUpaka tarIke jaNAvI che te rUpakanA 3. zrImadAcAryahemacandraziSyasya prabandhazatakatarmahAkaverrAmacandrasya bhUyAMsa : pravRnyA : ' -nirbhayabhImavyAyAga: prastAvanA zrImadAcAryahemacandrasya ziSyeNa prabandhazatavidhAnaniSNAtabuddhinA nATyalakSaNanirmANapAtAvagADhasAhityAMbhodhinA vizIrNakAvyanirmANatandreNa zrImatA rAmacandreNa vizvitaM......DhatIyaM san ! -kaumudImitrANuMdara prastAvanA 4. "purAtattva" [ raimAsika ], pu. 2, pR. 421 31

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itihAsanI keDI tathA nATaka AdinA svarUpa para AmAM vistRta rUpamAM ane pramANarUpamAM vivecana karavAmAM AvyuM haze. emAM jaNAvyA mujaba, grantha pa000 lokapramANano che. ekalA rUpakanI ja carcA karato ATalo moTo grantha saMskRta sAhityamAM bIje kaI nathI. dhanaMjaye potAnA "dazarUpaka" prasthamAM daza rUpake gaNAvyAM che; bAra rUpakonI carcA karato rAmacandrano prastuta grantha je maLI Ave to A viSayamAM ghaNuM navuM jANavAnuM maLe e cokkasa che. "prabandhazata' zabda granthonI saMkhyAne vAcaka nathI, paraMtu viziSTa granthanuM te nAma hovuM joIe, ema A pramANa uparathI lagabhaga ekasapaNe kahI zakAya. "kaumudImitrANaMda" ane "nirbhayabhImavyAyoga' - jenI prastAvanAmAM rAmacandra pote prabandhazata lakhyA hovAnuM jAhera kare che te-lakhAyAM te vakhate rAmacanTe so prabo pUrA lakhyA haze ema mAnavuM te karatAM e nAmano grantha lakhyo haze ema mAnavuM vadhAre sayuktika che. rAmacandra vaidalma rItine cAhe che. "nalavilAsa'mAMnI vaidarbhI yadi baddhayauvanabharA prIyA saratyA'pi kim / / e kSiSTa ukita vedabhI rIti pratyene tenA prema sucave che. e rIti tenAM sarva nATakamAM jaNAya che. zleSaH prasAdaH samatA mAdhurya sukumAratA / arthavyaktirudAratvamoja : kAntisamAdhayaH // e vaidabha rItinA guNo rAmacandranI kRtiomAM ThIkaThIka khIlelA mAluma paDe che. "nalavilAsa'mAM nATakanA prANarUpa vividha raso parama kaTimAM racavAno dAvo rAmacanTe garvapUrvaka karyo che, te kaMI Te nathI. zrI. rAmanArAyaNa pAThaka kahe che tema, zArdUlavikrIDita vagere lAMbAM vRttonI racanAmAM ane anyatra paNa bhavabhUtinI asara A 3ra

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hemacandrAcAryanuM ziSyamaMDaLa kavi para dekhAya che, chatAM saralatA, prasAda ane mAdhurya tenA khAsa guNo to che ja.5 rAmacandra dhArmika karatAM laukika sAhitya vadhAre saryuM che. teNe pitAnAM keTalAMka nATakonuM vastu paNa kathAomAMthI lIdhuM che. e kALamAM rAmacandranAM nATaka bhajavAtAM haze, ane viSayanI ane bhASAnI saraLatA, racanAnI pravAhitA ane prazaMsAyogya rasaniSpattine, kAraNe ThIka ThIka lokapriya thayAM haze. mULa kathAnakamAMnA camatkArika prasaMge lekhake "nalavilAsa mAM yuktipura:sara jatA karyA che e batAve che ke e nATaka bhajavavA mATe lakhAyuM hovuM joIe. rAmacandra samagra sAhityazAstranA jJAtA hatA. pote zabdazAstra, nyAyazAstra, ane kAvyazAstranA jANanAra-maMtravidyavedI -hovA chatAM kavitva mATe spRhA dharAve che ema "nATyadarpaNa"nA AraMbhamAM ja temaNe jaNAvyuM che-- prANA : kavitvaM vidyAnAM lAvaNyamiva yoSitAm / traividyavedino'pyasmai tato nityaM kRtaspRhA H // nAdhyadarpaNamAM pitAnA agiyAra nATako suddhAMta cuMmAlIsa nATakamAMthI temaNe udAharaNo ApyAM che, e temanuM bahAnuM vAcana batAve che. nATyazAstra ane pramANuzAstra e bannenA teo sArA jJAtA hatA e to temanA grantho ja batAvI Apaze. mAtra hemacandranA zikhyAmAM ja nahIM paraMtu temanA samakAlIno mATe rAmacandranI sAhityapravRtti sauthI vizALa ane vividha che. gUjarAtamAM - bAvIza uparAMta saMskRta nATaka lakhAyAM che te paikI lagabhaga adha 5. "jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka khaMDa 3, aMka 2 mAM "nalavilAsa nATaka" viSe zrI. rAmanArAyaNa pAThakano lekha. 33

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itihAsanI keDI ekalA rAmacandranAM ja che. gUjarAtanA ane bhAratanA saMskRta sAhityamAM rAmacanTe Apelo phALo jeTalo vividha che teTalo saMgIna paNa che. rAmacandranA grantha paikI nATayadarpaNa, satyaharizcandra, nirbhayabhImavyAyoga, kaumudImitrANaMda ane nalavilAsa prasiddha thayelAM che. satyaharizcandranuM 1917 nI sAlamAM iTAliyana bhASAmAM bhASAntara thayeluM che. rAmacandranI samasyA pUrti rAmacandranI samasyApUrtizakti paNa temanI vidvattA jeTalI ja prakhara hatI. prAcIna kavione atyaMta priya evA zIghrakavitvamAM paNa teo niSNAta hatA. temanA zIghrakavitvathI prasanna thaI siddharAje temane "kavikaTAramala'nuM birUda ApyuM hatuM. e viSe "prabandhacintAmaNikAra jaNAve che ke, ekavAra grISma RtumAM siddharAja pitAnA paTAvato sAthe kIDoghAnamAM jato hato, te vakhate rAmacandra sAme maLyA. AthI siddharAje kavine pUchyuM-the traNe visAM mukatarA : (grISma RtumAM divasa lAMbA kema che? te ja vakhate kavie javAba Apyo ke-- deva zrIgiridurgamalla bhavato digjaitrayAtrotsave dhAvadvIraturaGganiSThurakhurakSuNNakSapAmaNDalAt / vAtodbhUtarajomilatsurasaritsaJjAtapaGkasthalI dUrvAcumbanacaJcurA ravihayAstenaiva vRddhaM dinam // arthAt he giridurgane jItanArA deva, ApanI digvijyayAtrAnA mahotsavamAM doDatA ghoDAonI kaThora kharIo vaDe jamIna khodAI javAthI pavana sAthe je raja UMce caDhI te AkAzagaMgAmAM maLI javAne 34

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hemacandrAcAyanuM ziSyamaMDaLa kAraNe je kAdava pedA thayA che temAM ugelI dhareA caratA sUryanA azvo dhImethI cAle che, tene kAraNe divasa lAMkhA thayA che! 6 A ja prasaMga ratnamandiragaNikRta 'upadezataraMgiNI'mAM paNa maLe che. kavinA A cAturyathI prasanna thai siddharAje temane viTAramala 'nI padavI ApI hatI evA ullekha temAM che. khIje eka sthaLe ' prabandhacintAmaNi 'kAra lakhe che ke--eka vAra zrInivAsI vizvezvara paMDita kumArapAlanI sabhAmAM AvyA tyAM macandrAcAryane beThelA jo temaNe eka zlokA kahyoH pAtu vo hemagopAla : kambalaM daNDamudvahan / (daMDa ane kabula dhAraNa karanAra hema ge!pAla tamAruM rakSaNa kare!) turata ja rAmacandre kSeAkanuM bIju caraNa racyuMH SaDdarzana pazugrAmaM cArayan jainagocare 19 (ke je paDadana rUpI pazune jaina geAcaramAM carAve che. ) A uparAMta paNa anya keTalAka granthAmAMthI rAmacandranI samasyAe maLI Ave che. te sa rAmacandranI potAnI na hoya te paNa vidvAna ane kavi tarIkenI rAmacandranI pratiSDAnI cAlatI AvelI parAne te prakTa kare che e bhUlavu na joie. (candranA svAta vyaprema rAmacandrane svabhAva svAtaMtryapremI ane mAnI hateA ema temanI parathI anumAna thai zake che. 'nATayadarpaNa'nAM rasa ane pramantracintAmaNi (phA. zU. sabhAnI AvRtti ), pR. 102 ejana, pR. 145 F 35

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itihAsanI keDI abhinaya viSenAM nUtana vidhAne rAmacandranI svataMtra vicArazakti ane paraMparAne ja pramANa nahIM mAnavAnI buddhijanya manasvitAne AbhArI che. emanAM lakhANeAmAM aneka sthaLe je ahaMbhAva jaNAya che te svataMtra ane mAnI svabhAvanuM ja pariNAma heAi zake. potAne mATe temaNe 'vidyAtrayIcaNu, ' 'arucchitakAvyatA dra' 8 ane ' vizANuM kAvyanirmANutadra' 9 evAM vizeSaNA vAparelAM che. uparAMta, aneka sthaLe temaNe AtmaprazaMsAnI uktie! mUkI cheH kaviH kAvye rAma: sarasavacasAmekavasati: / --navilAsa H zlAka 2 : Rte rAmAnnAnyaH kimuta parakoTo ghaTayituM rasAn nATyaprANAn paTuriti vita manasi me / --navilAsa : zloka 3 sAhityopaniSadvida: sa tu rasa : rAmasya vAcAM para: / ~~~satyaharizcandraH kSeka 3 prabandhA ikSuvat prAyo hIyamAnarasA : kramAt / kRtistu rAmacandrasya sarvA svAdu : puraH puraH // --kaumudImitrANu Mda zloka 4 : svAtaMtryaprema e kavi rAmacandranuM viziSTa ane kadAca apratI lakSaNa che. emAMnI uddAma bhAvanAe Aje paNa jANe ke atya Adhunika lAge che. peAtAnI racanAmAM paNa bane teTalI svataMtratA a 8 paJcaprabandhamiSapaJcamukhAnakena vidvanmanaH sadasi nRtyati yasya kIrti: / vidyAtrayIcaNamacumbitakAvyatandraM karataM na veda sukRtI kila rAmacandram || --dhruvilAsa: prastAva 9 jIe chuTaneTa 3

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hemacandrAcAryanuM ziSyamaMDaLa maulikatA ANavAne teNe khUba prayAsa karyo che. sAhityacerI karanArAo ane pArakA vicAro uchInA lenArAo sAme teNe vakhatovakhata Ubharo ThAlavyo che. 10 jIvanamAM paNa kavi svataMtra ane spaSTavaktA haze ema zrIpAlanI sahastraliMga sarovaraprazastivALA prasaMga [ je viSe AgaLa lakhavAmAM Avaze ] parathI jaNAI Ave che. svAtaMtryapremathI ubharAtI temanI keTalIka sUktionA namUnA joIesvaatNtryN yadi jIvitAvadhi mudhA svarbhUrbhuvo vaibhavam / -nalavilAsaH 2-2 na svatantro vyathAM vetti paratantrasya dehina : / -nalavilAsaH 6-7 ajAtagaNanA : samA : paramata : svatantro bhava / -nalavilAsaH aMtabhAga prApya svAtantryalakSmImanubhavatu mudaM zAzvatI bhImasenaH / nirbhayabhImavyAyAga: aMtabhAga jinastavaSaDazikAnA AraMbhamAM ahaMtane svAtaMtryazrIvitrAya kahIne rAmacandra namaskAra kare che ane jinastotrane aMtamAM kahe che ke - svatantro deva bhUyA : sa sArameyo'pi vartmani / mA sma bhUvaM parAyatta : trilokasyApi nAyaka : // 10 juo nATacadarpaNattinA aMte parapanatarAthI tathA vityuM patAvata e loka, kaumudImitrANaMdanI prastAvanAmAM emAMnAja pahelA kalekanI punakti tathA jistotramAM vidvAna yathA stha: rAH vimavana ityAdi. 37

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itihAsanI keDI satyaharizcandranI prastAvanAmAM rAmacandra garbhita rIte pitAne AnaMdanAM sAdhane eka lAkamAM varNave che, te uparathI temanA mukta mAnasano sArI rIte khyAla AvI zakaze- sUktaze rAmacandrasya vasanta : kalagItaya : / svAtantryamiSTayogazca paJcaite harSavRSTaya : // rAmacandrano netranAza rAmacandranI jamaNI AMkha gayelI hatI ema prabo uparathI jaNAya che. prabandhakAra enAM camatkArika kAraNo Ape che. "prabhAvakacarita" lakhe che ke- hemacandrAcAryuM jyAre siddharAja sAthe rAmacandrane paricaya karAvyo tyAre siddharAje temane jinazAsanamAM "ekadaSTi' banavAnI sUcanA karI hatI, AthI temanI jamaNI AMkha tatkALa nAza pAmI hatI. 11 " prabacintAmaNi" kAra jaNAve che ke-zrIpAla kavie racelI sahastraliMga sarovaraprazasti patthara upara karavAmAM AvI tyAre tenuM avalokana karavA mATe sarva vidvAnone AmaMtraNa ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. je sarva vidvAno prazastikAvyane saMmati Ape to tamAre e para kaMI TIkA karavI nahIM, evI sUcanA sAthe hemacandra rAmacandrane te jovA mokalyA. prazastimAM rAjAnI mamatA hovAthI tathA zrIpAla kavinA sau pratyenA saujanyane kAraNe sarva vidvAno kahevA lAgyA ke sarva ke barAbara che ane temAMye poranAvi gurta ravita e loka sundara che. siddharAje rAmacandrane pUchatAM temaNe jaNAvyuM ke, "e jarA vicAra karavA jevuM che, ane vizenArivALA kAvyamAM vyAkaraNa saMbaMdhI be doSo temaNe batAvyA. A vakhate siddharAjanI najara lAgavAthI (siddharI sagAtadaSTiDhoLa) pAchA vaLatAM upAzrayamAM pesatAM rAmacandranI eka AMkha phUTI gaI. 12 11. prabhAvakacarita: hemAcArya prabandha, loka 130-140 12. prabandhacintAmaNi (phA. gu. sabhAnI AvRtti), pR. 101-2-3, 38

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hemacandrAcAryanuM ziSyamaMDaLa A vArtAo sAmAnya etihAsika hakIkatone camatkArika svarUpamAM mUkavAnA prabandhakAronA zekhane AbhArI hoya ema jaNAya che. rAmacandranI eka AMkha janmathI athavA nAnapaNamAM ja daivavazAta gaelI haze ema "vyatirekaddhAtrizikA'nA aMtamAM temanA ja eka ka uparathI anumAna thaI zake che- jagati pUrvavidheviniyogajaM vidhinatAndhya-galattanutA''dikam / sakalameva vilumpati yaH kSaNAdabhinava : zivasRSTikara : satAm // bIjAM keTalAMka stotromAM paNa rAmacandra daSTidAna mATe prArthanA karI che. 13 rAmacandranuM maraNa rAjA kumArapAlanA maraNa pachI gAdIe AvanAra tenA bhatrIjA ajayapAle jainonuM damana AraMbhya, ane potAnA purogAmI rAjAee baMdhAvelA aneka jaina prAsAdo teDI naMkhAvyA. agAunA dveSane kAraNe rAmacandranuM paNa teNe maraNa nIpajAvyuM. A viSe judA judA granthomAM najIvA pheraphAra sAthe ekasarakhI ja hakIkata maLe che. rAjazekharasuri "prabandhakezamAM A zreSanuM kAraNa ane pariNAma varNavatAM lakhe che ke-rAjA kumArapAla ane hemacandra vRddha thayA te vakhate hemacandranA ziSyamaMDaLamAM be bhAga paDI gayA hatA. eka tarapha rAmacandra-guNacandra vagere ziSyo ane bIjI tarapha bAlacandra. bAlacandrane ajayapAla sAthe mitratA hatI. ekavAra 13. neme nidhehi nizitAsilatAbhirAma-caMdrAvadAtamahasaM mayi dehi dRSTim / -nemistava: aMtabhAga zakastutAghrisarasoruha duHsthasAthe deva prasIda karuNAM kuru dehi dRSTim / -ghoDazikA: aMtabhAga

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itihAsanI keDI rAtre maMtrI AbhaDa ane hemacandra vacce, kumArapAla pachI gAdI kene maLavI joIe e viSe maMtraNA cAlatI hatI. hemacanTe kahyuM : gAdI te pratApamAne maLavI joIe. ajayapAla tamArA sthApelA dharmano nAza karaze." AbhaDe kahyuM : "game te topaNa pitAno hoya te ja sAre.' bAlacake A sAMbhaLyuM ane ajayapAlane kahyuM. AthI ajayapAlane rAmacandra vagere upara TaeNpa thaye. hemacandranA avasAna pachI batrIsa divase ajayapAlanA viSaprayogathI kumArapAlanuM avasAna thayuM. hemacandra pratyenA vairane kAraNe ajayapAle tapAvelA loDhAnA Asana para besADI rAmacandranuM maraNa nIpajAvyuM.14 AvI ja hakIkata merUtuMganA "prabandhacintAmaNimAM, 15 jayasiMhasUrinA kumArapAlacarita mAM ane jinamaMDanagaNinA 'kumArapAlaprabaMdhamAM maLe che. purAtana prabandhasaMgraha'nA eka prabandhamAM rAmacandranA maraNa saMbaMdhI evI hakIkata jaNAvelI che ke, "hemasUrinA ziSyo rAmacandra 14. prabandhakoza (siMdhI jaina granthamAlAnI AvRtti), pR. 98 15. prabacintAmaNi lakhe che ke (pha. gU. sabhA nI AvRtti pR. 14pa) trAMbAnA patarA upara besADI rAmacaMdranuM maraNa nIpajAvavAno catna karavAmAM Avyo hato, paNa teo nIceno duho belI jIbha karaDI maraNa pAmyA hatA mahIvIDhaha sacarAcaraha jiNa siri dinhA pAya / tasu atthamaNu diNesaraha houta hohi cirAya / / [ A sacarAcara pRthvInA mAthe jemaNe paga mUke che evA dinezvara sUryane asta thAya che. thavAnuM hoya te lAMbe kALe paNa thayA kare che.] purAtanaprabandhasaMgrahanA eka prabamAM (pR. 47) hemacandranA avasAna pachI zrI saMghane zeka zamAvatA rAmacandranA mukhamAM A duho mUkavAmAM AvyuM che. 40

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hemacandrAcAryanuM ziSyama'DaLa ane bAlacandra hatA. gurue suziSya jANIne rAmacandrane vizeSa vidyA ApI, mAna ApyuM. AthI risAine bAlacandra cAlI nIkaLyA. ajayapAlanI sAthe tene mitratA thaI. peAtAne rAjya prApta thayA mAda ajayapAle rAmacandrane kahyuM--hemacandrasUrinI sarva vidyA mArA mitra bAlacandrane Apa. rAmacandre kahyuM -gurunI vidyA kupAtrane apAtI nathI. rAjAe kahyuM-te agni......16 jIbha karaDIne tenA upara (tapAvelA patarA upara ?) besatAM temaNe dekapacazatI ( eTale pAMcaseA dUhA ?) anAvI. 'x 17 A sarva uparathI eTaluM te! ce!kkasapaNe kahI zakAya che ke, hemacandranA ziSyama`DaLamAMthI bAlacaMdra judA paDyA hatA e aitihAsika satya che ane rAmacandranA mRtyumAM paNa bAlacandra kAraNabhUta haze. ajayapAlanA jainamaMtrI yAH pAla ( ' meharAjaparAjaya 'nA kartA ) tathA AbhaDa vagere zeThiyAee rAmacandrasUrinuM AvI rIte mRtyu thatuM aTakAvavAnA ghaNA prayAseA karyAM hatA, paNa temanA e sarva prayatne niSphaLa nIvaDyA hatA.18 2. guNacandra rAmacandranA gurubhAi ane temanI sAhityapravRttiemAM aneka prakAre sahAya karanAra guNacandra viSe lagabhaga kaMi ja jANavAmAM AvatuM 16. A sthaLe mULa pratamAMne keTalAka bhAga gayelA hAi vAkya tUTe che. 17. purAtana prabandhasagraha (siMdhI jaina graM'sAlA ), pR. 49 18. rAmacandra viSenA A lakhANamAM temanA aprasiddha granthAmAMthI je avataraNA vagere levAyAM che te 5. lAlacandra gAMdhIe lakhela navilAsanA nATakanI saMskRta prastAvanAmAMthI dhRta karelAM che, e hakIktanI a sAbhAra noMdha lauM chuM. 41

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itihAsanI keDI nathI. prApta sAdhana uparathI mAtra anumAne kheMcavAnAM ja rahe che. guNacandrano eka svataMtra grantha atyArasudhImAM jANavAmAM Avelo nathI. rAmacandrane "nATayadarpaNa" e nATayazAstrano ane "dravyAlaMkAra' e pramANazAstrano grantha lakhavAmAM guNacanTe sahAya karI hatI e suprasiddha che. e banne grantha paranI vRttio paNa temaNe sAthe ja lakhelI che. rAmacandra ane guNacandranA svabhAvamAM amuka taphAvata hato, ema ApaNe sahaja anumAna karI zakIe chIe. banne prakhara vidvAno te hatA ja, paraMtu rAmacandranAM agiyAra nATako, temAMnuM haLavuM lokabhogya vastu, vAraMvAra temAM jaNAtA ramUjI ToLaTappA ane hAsyajanaka prasaMgo, sAmAjika ane sAMsArika ci, madhura, vizada ane AnaMdajanaka sUktio, uddAma svAtaMtryapremaH e badhuM batAve che ke rAmacandranI pratibhA sarvatomukhI hatI, emanuM mAnasika ghaDatara gaMbhIratAparAyaNa nahIM balka ullAsamaya hatuM, taddana sAmAnya vastuomAM paNa UMDo rasa laI temAMnuM saundarya pichANavAnI ucca sAhityakAramAM sAdhAraNa evI je zakti te temanA mAnasamAM sabhara bharelI hatI. bIjI bAju, guNacandra viSe ema kahI zakAya ke teo vidvAna hatA, sarjaka ane sAhityakAra nahetA. rAmacandra jyAre nATake, subhASitaze ke evuM lalita sAhitya lekhe che tyAre teo temanI sAthe joDAtA nathI, paraMtu nATacadarpaNa" ke "dravyAlaMkAravRtti" jevA gaMbhIra ane vidvattApUrNa gra taiyAra karavAmAM banne sAthe kArya kare che, e sUcaka che. jesalamera bhaMDAramAMnI "vyAlaMkAravRtti"nI tADapatra paranI prata saM. 1202mAM lakhAyelI, ethI e grantha te pahelAM lakhAyelo ho. joIe evuM anumAna thAya che. 19 19. jesalamera bhaMDAranI sUci (gA. e. sI.), pR. 11 42

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hemacandrAcAryanuM ziSyamaMDaLa zatAthakAvya'nA kartA samaprabhasUrie saM. 1241mAM pATaNamAM, hemacandra kumArapAlane karelA upadezanA viSaya para, "kumArapAlapratibodha' e vizALa grantha prAkRta bhASAmAM racyo hato. hemacandranA traNa ziSyo guNacandra, mahendramuni ane vardhamAnagaNie te grantha sAvaMta sAMbhaLyo hato, evo ullekha tenI prazastimAMthI maLe che. 20 3. mahendrasUri hemacandu saMskRta bhASAne cAra kezanI bheTa dharI che-zabdonA paryAyo darzAvato "abhidhAnacintAmaNi, vanaspatizAstra ane vaidakanA zabdone lagato "nighaMTukoza, dezya zabdono kaza dezInAmamAlA" ane eka ja zabdonA nAnAvidha artho batAvato "anekArthasaMgraha." A paikI pahelA be keza upara anukrame daza hajAra ane traNa hajAra loknI vistRta TIkAo temaNe lakhelI che. ema anumAna thAya che ke "abhidhAnacintAmaNi" paranI TIkA e hemacandranI chellI kRti haze, kemake "yogazAstra" ane "triSaSTizalAkA puruSacaritra" viSenA ullekho ApaNane temAMthI sAMpaDe che. "anekArtha saMgraha para TIkA lakhavAnI paNa hemacandranI yejanA hovI joIe, paraMtu e vicAra amalamAM AvI zake te pUrve ja temanuM avasAna thayuM. AthI temanA ziSya mahendrasUrie, gurue pitAnA jIvanakALamAM je kaMI kaheluM te uparathI e grantha upara "anekArthakeravAkarakaumudI' e TIkA potAnA 20. zrIhemamUripadapaGkajahaMsaH zrImahendramunipaiH zrutametat / vaddhamAnaguNacandragaNibhyAM sAkamAkalitazAstrarahasyaiH / -kumArapAlapratibodha (gA. e sI.), pR. 478 43

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itihAsanI keDI gunA nAmathI ja lakhI che. 21 hemacandrAcAryane svargavAsa saM. 1229mAM thayo, te pachI TUMka samayamAM te lakhAI haze ema kalpanA thAya che. mahendrasurinI A sivAya bIjI kaI kRti jANavAmAM nathI. 4. vardhamAnagaNi kumArapAle baMdhAvelA "kumAravihAra'nI prazastirUpa kumAravihAraprazastikAvya para vyAkhyA lakhIne vardhamAnagaNie e kAvyanA 116 artha karI batAvyA hatA. e vyAkhyAne aMte temaNe lakhyuM che ke agAu A kAvyanA cha artha karavAmAM AvelA che, paraMtu meM kutUhalathI tenA 116 artha karyA che. A vastu vardhamAnagaNinA adbhuta pAMDitya para prakAza pADe che. 21. zrIhemacandraziSyeNa zrImanmahendrasUraNA / / bhaktiniSThena TIkaiva tannAmnaiva pratiSThitA // samyagjJAnanidherguNairanavaveH zrIhemacandraprabho-- granthe vyAkRtikauzalaM vyasaninAM nAsmAdRzAM tAdRzam / vyAkhyAma sma tathApi taM punaridaM nAzcaryamantarmanas tasyAjasraM sthitasya (?) hi vayaM vyAkhyAmanubramahe // -saMskRta hAthapratAnI zodhano che. piTarsanane ahevAla naM. 1 sane 1882-83, pR. 233 upara utArelI prastuta granthanI prazasti. 22. eka varSa para pATaNamAM pU. munizrI puNyavijayajIe A vyAkhyAnI atyaMta sUkSma akSaroe lakhAyelI eka sundara prata mane batAve hatI. zrI. sArAbhAI navAbe jaina anekAgranthasaMgrahamAM A kRti prasiddha karI che. (pATaNamAM hemasArasvata satra prasaMge yojAyelA pradarzanamAM upayukta sUTamAkSarI prata mUkavAmAM AvI hatI, te pradarzana jenAra sajajanonA dhyAnamAM haze.) temAM rtA jaNAve che- __ zrIhemacandrasUriziSyeNa vardhamAnagaNinA kumAravihAraprazastau kAvye'muSmin pUrva ghaDarthe kRte'pi kautukAt SoDazottaraM vyAkhyAnaM cakre /

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hemacandrAcAryanuM ziSyamaMDaLa 5. devacandra hemacandrane gurunuM nAma paNa devacandra che, tethI jaina granthAvalimAM bhUlathI A devacandrane hemacandranA guru lekhavAmAM AvyA che te barAbara nathI. hemacandranA eka ziSyanuM nAma paNa devacandra hatuM. temaNe candralekhAvijayaprakaraNa' nAmanuM nATaka lakheluM che ane tenI hastalikhita prata jesalameranA bhaMDAramAM che. A nATakanI racanAmAM eka zeSabhaTTArake sahAya karI hatI, ema tenA aMtamAM ullekha che. paraMtu A zeSabhadrAraka koNa te jANI zakAtuM nathI. candralekhAvijyaprakaraNanI nAyikA tarIke calekhA vidyAdharIne kalpavAmAM AvI che. paraMtu kumArapAle sapAdalakSanA rAjA arNorAjane harAvyuM te parave kumArapAlanA vIratvane varNavatuM A prazaMsAtmaka nATaka che. vaLI nATaka kumArapAlanI khAsa AjJAthI lakhAyuM hoya e paNa saMbhavita che, kemake kumAravihAramAM zrI ajitanAthadevanA vasantotsava prasaMge kumArapAlanI sabhAnA parita arthe bhajavavAne te racAyuM che, ema sUtradhAra prastAvanAmAM kahe che.24 arNorAja sAtheno kumArapAlano vigraha aneka varSa sudhI cAlyo hato, paraMtu kumArapAlano saMpUrNa 23. caMdralekhAvijayaprakaraNane aMte - vidyAmbhonidhimanthamandaragiriH zrIhemacandro guruH sAnnidhyakaratirvizeSavidhaye zrIzeSabhaTTArakaH / yasya staH kavipuGgavasya jayinaH zrIdevacandrasya sA kIrtistasya jagattraye vijayatAt sAda (?) lalIlAyite // ---jesalamera bhaMDAranI sUci (gA. o. sI.), pR. 64 24. 'kumAravihAre mUlanAyakapAzvajinavAmapA vasthitazrImadajitanAthadevasya vasantotsave kumArapAlapariSaccetaHparitoSAyAsya praNayanam / ' -ejana 45

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itihAsanI keDI vijaya saM. 120 7mAM athavA tethI threDoka samaya agAu thaI gaye hovo joIe, kemake citoDamAM kumArapAlanA saM. 1207nA zilAlekhamAM ema jaNAveluM che ke zAkaMbharIne rAjAne parAjya karIne tathA zAlIpura nAmanA gAmamAM pitAnA lazkarane rAkhIne cItoDanI zobhA jevA mATe rAjA tyAM Avyo hato. A uparathI e nakakI thaI jAya che ke "candralekhAvijayaprakaraNa" saM. 1207mAM agara te pachI TUMka samayamAM racAyuM haze. A uparAMta, devacandranI, "mAnamudrAbhaMjana' nAmanI bIjI eka racanA hatI ema anya sthaLeAe maLatA ullekha parathI samajI zakAya che, paraMtu e kRtine hAlamAM patto lAgato nathI.25 6. udayacandra udayacandra lakhelo eka paNa grantha hajI sudhI bahAra Avelo nathI. paraMtu temanA upadezathI eka karatAM vadhu grantha lakhAyAnI hakIkata maLe che. teo eka sArA vidvAna hatA. "prabandhacintAmaNi'mAM kumArapAlaprabandhAntargata udayacandraprabandhamAM jaNAveluM che ke, ekavAra kumArapAla samakSa paM. udayacandra gusa hemAcAyanuM yogazAstra' vAMcatA hatA. temAM paMdara karmAdAnanI vyAkhyAmAM drazanathirvori prAmAjire e kaleka Avyo, temAM hemAcAryane mULa pAThane sudhArIne rom ne badale roLo e pramANe udayacanTe vAraMvAra vAMcyuM. hemacandra ema karavAnuM kAraNa pUchatAM udayacandra prANIonA aMge, vAdi vagere mATe TUMkasamAsamAM ekavacana siddha che ema batAvyuM, eTale hemAcAryo, rAjAe temaja bIjAoe temanI prazaMsA karI. 26 udayacandranA upadezathI devendra "siddhahemabUvRtti" upara "kati25. jaina sAhityane saMkSipta ItihAsa, pR. 280 26. prabandhacitAmaNi (phA. gU. sabhAnI AvRtti), pR. 147

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hemacandrAcAryanuM ziSyamaMDaLa cidurgapadavyAkhyA' nAmanI TIkA 27 tathA "upamitiprapaMcakathAsAradhAra" 28 e grantha lakhyA hatA, tathA caMdragacchanA devendrasUrinA ziSya kanakaprabhe "haimanyAsasArano uddhAra karyo hato. 29 "mabrahavRtti' para vyAkhyA lakhanAra devendrane De. bulDare udayacandranA ziSya mAnyA che. 30 ra7. A TIkAnI saM. 1ra71mAM lakhAyelI jesalameranA bRhajJAnakozanI pratimAMthI Di. buhare hemacandrAcArya viSenA potAnA nibaMdhamAM utAreluM maMgalAcaraNa|| ahaM // praNamya kevalAlokAvalokitajagatrayam / jinezaM zrIsiddhahemacandrazaddhAnuzAsane / / rUddhavidyAvi vanyoyopAtaH | nyAsataH katiciddargapadavyAkhyAbhidhIyate // -Life of Hemachandracharya ( sIMdhI jaina graMthamAlA), pR. 81 28. juo pATaNa bhaMDAranAM pustakonI varNanAtmaka sUci (gA. e. sI.), bhAga 1, pR. 51 23. mUDhatrimANivAmAAAtritarAma: | darzanaSaTakanistandro hemacandramunIzvaraH / teSAmudayacandro'sti ziSyaH sakhyAvatAM varaH / yAvajjIvamabhUd yasya vyAkhyA jJAnAmRtaprapA / / tasyopadezAt devendrasUriziSyalabo vyadhAt / nyAsasArasamuddhAraM manISI kanakaprabhaH // -hemazabdAnuzAsana ba. nyA. prAte (navavilAsa, prastAvanA pR. 24) 30. Life of Hemachandracharya (sIMdhI jaina granthamAlA), 5. 81

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itihAsanI keDI 3. yazazcaka yazazcandrane lakhelo keI paNa grantha hajI sudhI maLelo nathI. 31 paNa prabamAM temanA viSenA ullekho aneka vAra Ave che te uparathI samajAya che ke teo ghaNo vakhata hemacandrasUrinI sAthe rahetA hatA. prabaMdhacintAmaNimAM be sthaLe yazazcandramaNi viSeno ullekha maLe che. eka sthaLe jaNAveluM che ke, eka vAra devatApUjananA samaye hemacandra kumArapAlanA mahelamAM pahoMcyA tyAre yazazcaMdra temanI sAthe hatA. 32 bIje sthaLe ema jaNAveluM che ke AMbaDa mahetAe bharUcamAM pitAnA pitAnA kalyANaartha zakunikAvihAra baMdhAvyo hato, tenI upara dhajA caDAvavAnA utsava prasaMge nRtya karatAM mithyAtvIonI devInA doSamAM AvI javAne kAraNe mahetA Akhara sthitie pahoMcI gayA hatA, tenuM nivAraNa karavA mATe hemacandra tathA yazazcandra pATaNathI bharUca AvyA hatA ane doSanuM nivAraNa karI pAchI pATaNa gayA hatA.33 A uparAMta, prabhAcandrasUrinA "prabhAvacarita'mAM24 tathA jinamaMDanagaNinA "kumArapAlaprabaMdha"mAMpa paNa yazazcandrano nAmollekha maLe che. 31. mudritakumudacandraprakaraNanA kartA zrAvaka yazazcandrane zrI kanaiyAlAla munazIe (juo Gujarat and its literature, pR. 47) tathA zrI rAmalAla medIe (juo "buddhiprakAza, phebruArI 1930mAM temano lekha "pATaNanA granthakAre") hemacandrane ziSya mAne che te vAstavika nathI. kara. prabandacintAmaNi (pho. gU. sabhAnI AvRtti), pR. 133: 33. ejana, pR. 143-144. 34. prabhAvacaritaH hemacArya prabandha, loka 737. 35. kumArapAlaprabandha, pR. 188. 48

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hemacandrAcAryanuM ziSyamaMDaLa 8. bAlacandra bAlacandranA guru viSe tathA tenA pariNAmarUpe nIpajelA rAmacandranA akALa mRtyu viSe AgaLa kahevAI gayuM che. A viSayamAM vadhu lakhatAM "prabadhakaza"kAra jaNAve che ke-rAmacandranA avasAna pachI, "A to pitAnA gotranI ja hatyA karAvanAra che" ema kahIne brAhmaNoe bAlacandrane rAjA ajayapAlanA manathI utArI nAkhyA hatA. AthI lajajA pAmI bAlacandra mALavA tarapha cAlyA gayA hatA ane tyAM ja temanuM avasAna thayuM hatuM. 16 snAtasyA' nAmanI prasiddha stuti bAlaca racI hovAnuM kahevAya che. 36. prabandhaza (sIMdhI jaina granthamAlA), pR. 98.

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gujarAtamAM saMskRta nATaka gujarAtamAM racAyeluM saMskRta sAhitya te ghaNA prAcIna kALathI maLe che. zrIkRSNanA putra sAMbanA nAme caDhelI 'sAMbapa cAzikA'ne pAchaLanI kRti mAnavAmAM Ave tApaNa valabhI rAjyakALathI te gUjarAtamAM saMskRta sAhitya sArA pramANamAM racAyelu che. e kALamAM gUjarAte saMskRta sAhityane dharelI sauthI mahattvanI bheTa bhAratIya sAhityanuM sarva prathama vyAkaraNakAvya-TTikRta 'rAvaNavadha' athavA ' bhaTTikAvya '. valabhIpura pachInuM gujarAtanuM pATanagara te zrImAla. saMskRta pacakAvyA paikI eka 'zizupAlavadha'nA karyAM mahAvi mAgha, 'brahmasphuTasiddhAnta'nA kartA suprasiddha jyAtiSI brahmagupta tathA 'upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA'nA kartA siddhi vagere zrImAlamAM thaI gayA. bihukRta 'kasundarI' parantu valabhIpura ke zrImAlamAM racAyelu kAi saMskRta nATaka Aje ApaNane prApta thatuM nathI. atyAre maLatAM sAdhanA uparathI vicAra karatAM, gujarAtamAM racAyeluM paheluM saMskRta nATaka te kAzmIrI vi bilDaNanI ' kasundarI' nATikA gaNavI joie.1 pAtAnI mAtRbhUmi kAzmIra cheDIne te kALanA paMDitemanI jema, bilDa paNa aneka 1. zIlAcA ke zIlAMsUri nAme jaina AcArya mahApurisariya nAmanA peAtAnA prAkRta graM'thamAM viSNudhAnandra nAmanu ekAMkI saMskRta nATaka grathita karyuM che, ema pramukhazrI jaNAve che. zIlAcAya ne samaya dhaNuM karIne vikramanA dasamA saikAnA prAraMbhamAM jAya che. 50

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gujarAtamAM saMskRta nATaka dezamAM pharatAM pharatAM pATaNamAM karNa solaMkInA amAtya zAnta-saMpankara -nA Azraye AvIne rahyo hato, ane tyAM ja teNe e nATikA lakhI hatI. nATikAnuM vastu kavi kAlidAsakRta "mAlavikAgnimitra' ane harSadevakRta "ratnAvalI'nA anukaraNa rUpe ja ghaDayuM hoya ema lAge che. karNasundarI'nI nAyikA karNasundarI vidyAdharI che. karNa sAthenA tene premaprasaMga ane aMte lagnanuM A nATikAmAM nirUpaNa che. nAyikA karNasundarI te koNa e vize kaMI spaSTatA lekhaka karatA nathI, paNa te karNATakanI rAjaputrI ane siddharAjanI bhAvI mAtA mayaNallA che, ema anumAna thaI zake che. maMtrI saMpatthara ApaNane vatsarAja udayananA maMtrI yaugantarAyaNanI yAda Ape che. saMpattharano Azaya A lagna vaDe karNane cakravatI banAvavAnuM che, ane lagnasaMbaMdha siddha thAya che te paNa tenI kuzaLatA vaDe ja. A nATikAno samaya vikramanA bAramA saikAno pUrvArdha che. maMtrI saMpankaranI AjJAthI pATaNamAM zAkyutsavagRhamAM AdinAthanA yAtrAmahatsava vakhate te bhajavAyelI, evo tenI prastAvanAmAM ullekha che. A nATikA racAyA pachI bilDaNa gUjarAtamAM lAMbo samaya rahyo nahoto ema lAge che. koI kAraNasara aprasanna thaI ne te dakSiNa tarapha cAlyo gayo hato. 2. kalyANanA caulukya rAjAnA Azraye rahIne teNe lakhelA "vikramAMkadevacaritamAne pelo gUrjaranindAno suprasiddha leka juo -- kakSAbandhaM vidadhati na ye sarvadevAvizuddhA--- stad bhASante kimapi bhajate yajjugupsAspadatvam / teSAM mArge paricayavazAdarjitaM gUrjarANAM yaH santApaM zithilamakarot somanAthaM vilokya //

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itihAsanI keDI yazazcandrakRta "mukitakumudacandraprakaraNa ane bIjAM nATako A pachInA samyamAM, siddharAja siMhanA darabAramAM gUjarAtanA dhArmika ane sAmAjika ItihAsamAM yAdagAra evo eka banAva banyo hato. e kALamAM judA judA saMpradAyo ane matamatAnarenA AcAryo vacce vAdavivAdo cAlyA karatA hatA. Avo eka vAda siddharAjanI sabhAmAM digaMbara kumudacandra ane zvetAMbara vAdI devasUri vacce saM. 1181mAM thayo hato. "ratrIone mokSa maLe ke nahi?" tathA "zvetAMbarane mokSa maLe ke nahi ?" e vAdano viSaya hato. devasUrinA mata mujaba strIone mokSa maLI zake, kAraNa strIo paNa "sa"zAlI hoya che. A mATe zAstromAMthI sItA Adi satIonAM nAma TAMkavAmAM AvyAM hatAM, paNa samakAlIna vyakti tarIke rAjamAtA mayaNallAnA nAmano paNa ullekha karavAmAM Avyo hato. soLa divasa cAlelA A vAdavivAdane viSaya banAvatuM saMpAdalakSanA rAjAnA Azrita moDha vaNika yazazcandranuM "mukitakumudacandraprakaraNa maLe che. vAdavivAdamAM chevaTe kumudacandranI hAra thaI. chellA upAya tarIke, kumudacandra devasUrinA TAroTa zabdaprayogamAM vyAkaraNanI bhUla kADhavAno prayAsa karyo hato, paraMtu e prayoga pANini vyAkaraNa pramANe che ema madhyAe jaNAvyuM hatuM. A nATaka gUjarAtanA dhArmika ane sAmAjika ItihAsa mATe ghaNuM mahattvanuM che. rAjAonI nyAyapriyatA ane vidyAprema, dharmacAryonI paramataasahiSNutA ane vAdapriyatA vagereno paricaya AmAMthI thAya che. A vAdavivAdamAM siddharAja pote ja adhyakSasthAne hato tathA maharSi, utsAha, sAgara ane rAma e cAra paMDita tenI sahAyamAM hatA. siddharAjanI sabhAnuM tathA tenI vidvattAnuM paNa sarasa varNana A nATakamAMthI ApaNane prApta thAya che. A nATakanA kartA yazazcandranuM "rAjimatIpradha' nAmanuM bIjuM ' para

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gujarAtamAM saMskRta nATaka eka nATaka paNa maLe che. neminAtha-rAjimatInuM suprasiddha kathAnaka e ja A nATakano viSaya che. tenI prastAvanAmAM sUtradhAranA kathana uparathI jaNAya che ke cazazcanTe be mahAkAvya tathA cAra nATaka lakhyAM hatAM, paNa A bIja e nATakane patto hAlamAM lAgato nathI. kavi rAmacandra A pachI, kalikAlasarvajJa AcArya hemacandranA paTTaziSya ane gUjarAtanA pradhAna nATakakAra ane nATayazAstrI rAmacandranI kRtio khAsa ullekha mAgI le che. gUjarAtamAM lakhAyelAM Azare aDhI Dajhana saMskRta nATake Aja sudhI jANavAmAM AvyAM che, temAMthI agiyAra te ekalA rAmacane ja lakhelAM che. gUjarAtanA nATakasAhityamAM rAmacandranI kRtionuM viziSTa sthAna che. nATayazAstrano kavine abhyAsa, bhASA paranuM prabhutva, nATakamAM chaMTAyelo marmALo vinoda, saraLa, vizada ane madhura sutio, kathAnakanA prasaMgone nATacAnurUpa banAvavAnI AvaData--e badhuM saMskRta nATayalekhakenA bhale pahelA vargamAM nahi, paNa bIjA vargamAM to rAmacandrane saheje sthAna apAve tema che. rAmacandranuM "nATayadarpaNa" nATayazAstra ane rasazAstranA paNa rAmacandra eka uttama jJAtA hatA. potAnA gurUbhAI guNacandra sAthe maLI temaNe 'nAdarpaNa" nAmano nATayazAstrano grantha tema ja te uparanI vRtti lakhI che. A 'nAdarpaNa" atyaMta mahatvano grantha che, kemake nATayazAstranA saMskRta granthA mAtra AMgaLInA veDhe gaNAya eTalA che. nATayazAstra uparAMta bIjI rIte paNa "nATayadarpaNa"nI agatya che. vividha viSayonAM * 3. rAmacandranA jIvana ane lekhanakArya viSe savistara carcA mATe juo "haimasArasvata satra emAM mAro nibaMdha "hemacandrAcAryanuM ziSyamaMDaLa". 53

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itihAsanI keDI udAharaNa ApavA mATe rAmacandra emAM kula gumAlIza saMskRta nATakomAMthI avataraNa ApyAM che athavA e nATakanA prastuta ulekhe karyA che. A nATako paikI keTalAMka to Aje aprApya che. vizAkhadattanuM "devIcandragupta' nATaka je atyAre maLatuM nathI, tenAM saMkhyAbaMdha avataraNe nATayadarpaNamAM jaLavAI rahyAM che ane tethI guptakALanA itihAsa upara keTalAka prakAza paDe che. samrATa samudragupta ane tenA putra candraguptanI vacce samudraguptane bheTe putra rAmagupta thoDA vakhata mATe gAdIe Avyo hato, evI zodha e uparathI thaI che. e rAmagupta kevo hato, teNe kevAM nIca kRtyo karyA hatAM ane chevaTe te kevI rIte bhUMDe hAle maryo-e vRttAMtanuM nirUpaNa "devIcandragupta" nATakamAM karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. rAmacanTe ApelAM avataraNadvArA bacelA e nATakanA TukaDAone AdhAra laI zrI kanaiyAlAla munazIe dhruvasvAminI devIH eka bevAyelA nATakanuM navadarzana" e nAme aitihAsika nATaka lakhyuM che. rAmacandranAM agiyAra nATake rAmacandra nalavilAsa, raghuvilAsa, yaduvilAsa, satyaharizcandra, nirbhayabhImavyAyAga, mallikAmakarandaprakaraNa, rAghavAkyudaya, rohiNamRgAMka prakaraNa, vanamAlAnATikA, kaumudImitrANaMda ane yAdavALyudaya e pramANe agiyAra nATako lakhyAM che, jemAMnAM keTalAMka e jamAnAmAM bhajavAyAM paNa haze. vastune nATayocita banAvavAnI rAmacandranI kuzaLatA para enuM nalavilAsa' nATaka jovA jevuM che. naLadamayaMtInI mULa kathAmAMnA 4. rAmacandra "nATathadarpaNa"mAM nATayazAstra ane abhinayakalA para keTalAMka mahattvanAM ane te kALane lakSyamAM letAM to praNAlikAbhaMjaka gaNuM zakAya evAM vidhAna karyA che. e saMbaMdhI vizeSa mATe juo A saMgrahanA "hemacandrAcAryanuM ziSyamaMDaLa e lekhamAM "nATyazAstrI rAmacandra". 54

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gujarAtamAM saMskRta nATaka camatkAre eNe zakya teTale aMze kADhI nAkhyA che. haMsanuM dUtIkArya, nalarAjAnA zarIramAM kalipraveza, pakSIo tenuM vastra upADI jAya che ItyAdi camatkArika prasaMgo raMgabhUmi upara darzAvavAnuM azakya che ane te sarve kathanadvArA varNavavAmAM Ave to emAM pUrI camatkRti na Ave; AthI e prasaMge rAmacanTe kADhI nAkhyA che. haMsanA dUtIkAryane sthAne kalacUrIpati citrasenanA cAra pAsethI naLane damayaMtInI chabI maLe che ane te premAsa bane che, ema batAvyuM che. kalinuM kAma citrasena karAve che arthAta eno kApAlika vanamAM strIne sAthe rAkhIne karavAmAM muzkelIo ane strIne piyara Azraya levA javAmAM patinI mAnahAni varNavI naLa pAse damayaMtIno tyAga karAve che. naLanuM bAhuka banI javuM e prasaMga kathAne marmabhAga hovAthI te kAyama rAkhyo che. naLane bApe sarpanuM rUpa laI e parivartana karI ApyuM hatuM ane zuM karavuM e pitAnA putrane samajAvyuM hatuM. pUrvaja sarpa thAya che e gUjarAtanI eka jUnI mAnyatA che, ane teno ahIM rAmacanTe upayoga karyo che. rAmacandranA " kaumudImitrANaMda ' prakaraNamAM kaumudI nAme ThagakanyA ane mitrANaMda nAme vaNikanI adbhutarasika praNayakathA varNavelI che. agiyAra nATako paikI mAtra gaNatara nATake ja hajI prasiddha thayelAM hovAthI rAmacandranA nATyalekhananuM sAMgopAMga avalokana hajI thaI zake ema nathI. chatAM je cAreka nATaka prasiddha thayAM che te uparathI paNa kavinA svataMtra, masta ane utsAhapUrNa vyaktitva upara sAre prakAza paDe che. "tuM rastAne kUtare bhale thaje, paNa svataMtra raheje; trilokano nAyaka banIne paNa parataMtra na rahIza"-AvA vilakSaNa zabdomAM jinezvaranI stuti karanAra ane rAjA ajyapAlanI sajAne svIkAra karavAne badale jIbha karaDIne harSabhera mRtyuno svIkAra papa

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itihAsanI keDI karanAra kavinA jIvanamAM tema ja kavanamAM sabhara bharelA svAtaMtryaprema vize vadhAre zuM lakhavuM? devacandranuM candralekhA vijayaprakaraNa hemacandranA bIjA eka ziSya devacakke "candralekhAvijyaprakaraNa" nATaka lakhyuM che. hemacandranA gunuM nAma paNa devacandra hatuM, tethI A nATakanA kartA devacandrane paNa hemacandranA guru lekhavAmAM AvyA che te barAbara nathI. A nATakanI hAthaprata jesalameranA bhaMDAramAM che tathA e ja hAthaprata uparathI te kALamAM thayelI nakala pATaNamAM vADIpArzvanAthanA bhaMDAramAM che. enA aMtamAM, koI bhaTArake A nATakanI racanAmAM sahAya karI hovAno ullekha che. paNa A zeghabhaTTAraka keNa te jANI zakAtuM nathI. kumArapAle sapAdalakSanA rAjA arNorAjane harAvyo te paratve kumArapAlanA vIratvane varNavatuM A prazaMsAtmaka nATaka che. enI nAyikA candralekhA vidyAdharI che. A candralekhA vidyAdharI te arNorAjanI bahena jalDaNadevI jenuM kumArapAla sAthe lagna karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM te hovI joIe, evuM mAruM anumAna che. vaLI A nATaka kumArapAlanI khAsa AjJAthI lakhAyuM hoya e saMbhavita che, kemake pATaNamAM kumAravihAramAM ajitanAthadevane yAtrA mahotsava prasaMge kumArapAlanI sabhAnA paritiSa arthe bhajavavAne pa. nAyaka-nAyikAone keI lattara jAtinA pAtra tarIke varNavavAno saMkuta lekhakono zokha jANItA che. karNasundarI' nATikAnI nAyikA macaNallAne bihaNe vidyAdharI banAvI che. dhArAnA rAja arjunavarmadeve gujarAtanA rAjA abhinava siddharAjane harAvI tenI putrI sAthe lagna chuM hatuM, tenuM-dhArAnA rAjaguru madane lakhelI "pArijAta-maMjarI" nATikAmAMarjunavamanA gaLA upara pArijAtanI mALA-vijayamALA-paDI, te eka kanyA banI gai, rAjAe te kanyA kaMcukIne soMpI, arthAt aMtaHpuramAM mokalIevuM rUpakAtmaka varNana che. eTale ahIM paNa candralekhA vidyAdharI te jahRNAdevI hevAne pUro saMbhava che.

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gujarAtamAM saMskRta nATaka te racAyuM che, ema sUtradhAra prastAvanAmAM kahe che. arNarAja sAthe kumArapAlano vigraha aneka varSa cAlyo hato, paNa kumArapAlano saMpUrNa vijaya saM. 1207 mAM athavA tethI thoDAka samaya agAu thayo hovo joIe, kemake ciDamAM kumArapAlanA saM. 1207nA zilAlekhamAM ema jaNAveluM ke zAkaMbharIne rAjAne parAjaya karIne tathA zAlIpura nAmanA gAmamAM pitAnA lazkarane rAkhIne citoDanI zobhA jevA mATe rAjA tyAM Avyo hato. A uparathI e nakkI thaI jAya che ke "candralekhAvijayaprakaraNa" saM. 120 7mAM athavA te pachI TUMka samayamAM racAyuM haze. A uparAMta, devacana "mAnamudrAjana" nAmanI bIjI eka racanA hatI, ema anya sthaLoe maLatA ulekha uparathI samajI zakAya che, paNa e kRtino hAlamAM patto lAgato nathI. yazapAlanuM moharAjaparAjaya kumArapAlanI pachI pATaNanI gAdIe AvelA ajayapAlanA maMtrI yazapAle raceluM maharAjaparAya" eka rUpaka che ane te saM 1229 ane 123ra vacce racAyuM hovAnuM manAya che. emAM AcArya hemacandranA upadezathI kumArapAle karelo jaina dharmanA siddhAntono svIkAra, teNe karelo pavadhano ane sAta vyasanono niSedha tathA rAjyamAM nAvArasa maranAranuM dhana japta karavAnI rUDhi-datIvitta-no pratibaMdha ityAdi bAbatonuM varNana che. nATakanA mukhya viSaya tarIke emAM kumArapAla meha upara kevI rIte vijya meLave che tathA viveka ane zAntidevInI putrI kRpAsundarI sAthe lagna kare che e batAvyuM che. A lagnanI tithi saM. 1216 nA mAgazara suda bIjanI ApavAmAM AvI che, AthI keTalAka vidvAno A tithie kumArapAle jaina dharmano svIkAra karelo ema mAne che. 57

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itihAsanI keDI A nATakamAM hemacandra ane kumArapAla sivAya bIjAM badhAM pAtro vividha guNanAM pratirUpa che. prAraMbhamAM ja jJAnadarpaNa nAmano cAra khabara lAve che ke mohe puruSamanagarane ghero ghAlI kabaje karyuM che tathA tyAre rAjA vivecandra pitAnI patnI zAntidevI tathA putrI kRpAsundarI sAthe nAsI chUTayo che. vivekacandra hemacandranA tapovanamAM AvIne Azaro le che. tyAM rAjA kumArapAla ane vidUSaka, kRpAsundarI ane tenI sakhI samatAnuM saMbhASaNa vRkSanA aMtare rahIne sAMbhaLe che, ane rAjA kRpAsundarImAM premAsakta thAya che. A vakhate, saMskRta nATakonA rivAja mujaba, mahArANI rAjyazrI ane tenI dAsI raudratA. Ave che, ane rAjA mahArANanI kSamA meLavavAne vyartha prayatna kare che. pitAnI praNayapratispardhI kRpAsundarIne beDoLa banAvavA mATe mahArANI devI pAse varadAna mAge che, tyAre devInI mUrti pAchaLa agAuthI saMtAyelo mANasa kahe che ke kapAsundarI sAthe lagna karavAthI ja rAjA mahane jItI zakaze. pariNAme rANI pite ja vivekacandra pAse tenI putrInA hAthanI rAjA mATe mAgaNI karavA jAya che. vivekacandra A mAgaNIno svIkAra kare che, paNa te e zarate ke kumArapAle pitAnA rAjyamAMthI sAta vyasanone dezavaTo devo ane rudatIvittanI prathA baMdha karavI. rANI tema ja rAjA e zarato mAnya kare che, ane 'zAkuntala'mAMnA duSyantanI jema, maraNa pAmelA kahevAtA eka lakSAdhipatinI milakata uparano pitAno haka jato karI rAja te zarata AcAramAM mUke che. te ja samaye e lakSAdhipati navI strI sAthe vimAnamAM besI AvI caDhe che. chevaTe, ghata, mAMsAhAra, sUnA, caurya, madyapAna ane vyabhicAranAM pratIkarUpa pAtro evI dalIla kare che ke asalanA rAjAoe temane vasavATa karavA dIdho hato; paNa have temane gayA vagara chUTako nathI. mAtra gaNikAone rahevuM hoya to rahevA devAmAM Ave che, e ullekha tatkAlIna sAmAjika paristhitino abhyAsa mATe bahu sUcaka che. 58

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gujarAtamAM saMskRta nATaka aMtamAM "yogazAstra rUpI kavaca ane "vItarAgastuti rUpI adazyavidyAnI sahAyathI kumArapAla maharAjano parAjaya kare che ane puruSamananagararUpI rAjyadhAnI vivekacandrane pAchI sepe che. sAdA ane sarala saMskRtamAM lakhAyeluM tathA zilInI tatkAlIna kRtrimatAothI mukta A nATaka madhyakAlIna gUjarAtanA dhArmika ane sAmAjika jIvananA abhyAsa mATe ghaNuM mahattvanuM che. tharAdamAM kumAravihAramAM mahAvIra svAmInA yAtrAmaUtsava prasaMge te bhajavAyuM hatuM. prahalAdanadevano "pArtha parAkramavyAga AbunA paramAra rAjA dhArAvarSanA bhAI prahalAdanadeve saM. 1226 AsapAsamAM virATanagaramAM arjunanA parAkramanuM nirUpaNa karato pArthaparAkramavyAyoga' lakhyo hato ane te Abu upara acalezvaranA pavitrakAra paNa parvamAM dhArAvarSanI AjJAthI bhajavAyo hato. A vakhate prahalAdanadeva yuvarAjapade hato. pArthaparAkramavyAyoga'mAM dIptarasa AlekhavAno dAvo karavAmAM Avyo che. kathAnaka mahAbhAratanA virATaparvamAMthI lIdhuM che. kauravo virATanI gAyo hAMkI jAya che ane arjune temane harAvI gAyo pAchI lAve che, e teno viSaya che; ane te zAstrIya granthamAM ApelA vyAyAganA lakSaNane barAbara anukULa che, kAraNa ke vigrahanuM mULa strI nathI, strIno aMza draupadI ke subhadrAnA aspaSTa pAtrAlekhana karatAM vizeSa nathI ane nAyaka deva ke rAjA nathI. saMskRta nATayazAstranI dRSTie A nATakamAMnI keTalIka vigato khAsa dhyAna kheMce evI che. nAndI pachI sthApaka praveza kare che, beeka zloka uccAre che, ane tyAra pachI eka naTa AvI tene saMbaMdhe che, paNa tene javAba sUtradhAra Ape che. A uparathI spaSTa thAya che ke lekhakane mana "sthApaka" ane "sUtradhAra' 59

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itihAsanI keDI e be zabdo samAnArtha hatA. vaLI bharatavAkaya nAyaka arjunanA nahi, paNa nATakanI samAptinI veLAe apsarAo sahita vimAnamAM besI abhinaMdana ane AzIrvAda devA AvelA vAsavanA mukhamAM mUkeluM che, e paNa noMdhapAtra che. A pahelAM gUjarAtamAM rAmacandra "nirbhayabhImavyAyoga" lakhIne vyAyoga'nA nAravyaprakAra upara hAtha ajamAvyo hato. vijayapAlanuM draupadI svayaMvara' aupadIsvayaMvaranA paurANika prasaMganuM nirUpaNa karatuM vijyapAlanuM A nATaka pATaNamAM tripuruSaprAsAdamAM vasatsava prasaMge bhImadeva bIjAnI AjJAthI bhajavAyuM hatuM. jene pravAnignAprava: sannI vinavavu tarIke varNavavAmAM Avyo che te siddharAjanA iSTamitra prajJAcakSu kavi zrIpAlanA putra kavi siddha pAlano A vijayapAla putra hato. traNa peDhI sudhI kavipratibhAnuM sAtatya sacavAyuM hoya evA banAvo sAhityanA itihAsamAM virala che, ane e rIte paNa A traNa kavionAM nAmo bhAratIya sAhityanA itihAsamAM samaraNIya che. vijyapAlane samaya saM. 151 thI 1300no nakakI thayo che, eTale 'draupadIsvayaMvara' paNa e arasAmAM ja racAyuM haze. prastAvanAmAM kavie vIra ane adbhuta rasanuM nirUpaNa karavAno dAvo karyo che, ane te ghaNe aMze vAjabI che. rAmabhadranuM prabuddhasaihiNeya ? jaina muni rAmabhadranuM "prabudauhiNeya' nAmanuM cha aMkI nATaka saM. 1256 nA arasAmAM jAloramAM yazovara ane ajayapAla nAme be vaNika bhAIoe baMdhAvelA AdinAthanA maMdiramAM yAtsava prasaMge bhajavAyuM hatuM. mahAvIra ane buddhanA eka samakAlIna prasaMganuM emAM Alekhana che rauhiNeya nAmane cora rAjagRhamAM corI kare che,

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gujarAtamAM saMskRta nATaka paNa pakaDAtA nathI. zreNikano maMtrI abhayakumAra pitAnA buddhibaLathI tene pakaDe che ane teNe karelI cerIo khulAvavA eka yuti race che. eka oraDo Indrabhavana jevo zaNagArI temAM asarAone sthAne vezyAo maLe che, ane pachI UMghatA corane tyAM mUkI de che. auhiNeya jAge che, eTale vezyAo tene pUche che ke, "pUrvajanmamAM tame kevAM salpha karyA hatAM ke jethI A svarga tamane maLyuM ?" have, rauhiNeyanA bApe rauhiNeyane zikhAmaNa ApI hatI ke mahAvIranuM vacana kadI sAMbhaLavuM nahi; paNa ekavAra pagamAM vAgelo kAMTe kADhatAM mahAvIranI dezanAnA keTalAka zabdo akasmAta tene saMbhaLAyA hatA. temAM teNe devatAonI AMkho mIMcAtI nathI, paga bhoMya para aDatA nathI, deva prasvedathI bhIMjAtA nathI tathA temanI mALAo karamAtI nathI" ema sAMbhaLyuM hatuM. mahAvIranA A eka ja vacananA prabhAvathI cAra kRtrima svabhavananI yukita pAmI gaye. mahAvIranA eka ja vacanano je ATalo prabhAva, to temanA anuyAyI banavAthI motanI prApti kema nahi thAya ? aparAdhI nirdoSa Thare che, paNa jyAre tene cheDI mUkavAmAM Ave che tyAre je vaibhAra parvata upara teNe lUTelA bhaMDAra tathA haraNa karelAM strI tathA bALakane rAkhyAM hatAM tyAM rAjA ane maMtrIne laI jAya che tathA pazcAttApa jAhera kare che. A kathAnaka hemacanTe "yogazAstra'mAM eka udAharaNa tarIke paNa ApyuM che. tulanAtmaka lokavArtAnA abhyAsamAM paNa te upayogI thAya ema che, e joi zakAze. bAlacandranuM "karuNavajAya dhoLakAnA rANA vIradhavalanA suprasiddha maMtrI vastupAlanA Azrita kavi bAlacandranuM "karuNavajAyudha" nATaka saM. 1277mAM vastupAle kADhelA saMghanA paritiSa arthe zatruMjaya upara RSabhanAthanA yAtrA mahotsava

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itihAsanI keDI prasaMge bhajavAyuM hatuM. vAyudha cakravartIe prANanA bhAge paNa pArevAnu rakSaNa karyuM hatu, e prasiddha vastune anulakSIne te lakhAyuM che. sAmezvaranuM ulllAgharAghava ' ( vIradhavalanA purahita tathA vastupAlanA iSTa mitra, ' kArtikaumudI ' tathA 'surathAtsava'nA kartA kavi sAmezvaranuM ' ullAdharAghava " nATaka dvArikAnA jagatmandiramAM prodhinI ekAdazInA divase bhajavAyuM hatuM. ' ullAgharAdhava'mAM rAmakathAnuM nATakarUpe nirUpaNa che. ' surathAtsava'nI prazastimAM evA ullekha che ke sAmezvare bhImadevanI sabhAne yAmAmAM eka nATaka banAvIne harSita karI hatI. A nATaka * ullAgharAghava'thI bhinna jahevu joie, kemake ' ullAdharAghava'" te sAmezvare peAtAnA putra bhallazarmAnI prArthanAthI lakhyuM hatuM, evI temAM spaSTa noMdha che. ' surathAtsavanI prazastimAM je khIjA nATakanA ullekha che, te hAlamAM aprApya che. jayasiMhasUrinuM ' hammIramadamana gUjarAta upara dakSiNethI caDhI AvelA yAdava rAjA siMhaNa ane uttarethI caDhI AvelA mIlacchIfAra (sultAna altamaza)ne vastu H 6. 'hammIramaThThama na'nA mIlacchIkAra tathA ' prabandhrakAza'nA medIna anne eka ja che. paNa mIlacchIkAra athavA meAjadIna nAmanA koi pAdazAha dilhInI gAdI upara thai gayA nathI. meAjadIna te khInne koi nahi paNa gulAmavAne pAdazAha samazuddIna altamaza che, evI mArI mAnyatA che (jIe 'gUjarAtI'nA 1934nA dIpeAtsavI aMkamAM mArA lekha prabandhakAza'nA muijhuddIna kANu ?' ), zrI durgAza'kara zAstrInA paNa A ja mata che ( gUjarAtane madhyakAlIna rAjapUta itihAsa, bhAga 6, pR. 381 ). bIjI bAju, zrI rasikalAla parIkha meAjadInane mahammada dhArI mAne che ( jue jaina sAhitya sa`zeAdhaka, kha'Da 3, a'ka 1mAM temane lekha * eka aitihAsika zrutapara'parA ane tenI samIkSA, '), 2

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gUjarAtamAM saMskRta nATaka pAle eka sAthe parAjya karyo hato, e viSaya paranuM jayasiMhasUrinuM hamIramadamana" nATaka saM. 1279 ane saM. 1285nI vacce racAyuM hoya ema mAnavAne sabaLa kAraNe che. nATakamAM kartA dAvo kare che ke prekSakone jenuM ajIrNa thayuM che evuM A bhayAnaka rasabharyuM prakaraNa nathI, paNa na rasathI taraboLa judI ja jAtanuM nATaka che. yAdava rAjA siMhaNa ane lATarAjanA bhatrIjA saMgrAmasiMha vaccenA saMgaThanane vastupAlanA cAra puruSoe kevI rIte toDI nAkhyuM e hakIkta pahelA be aMkAmAM Ave che, te uparathI e samayamAM jAsUsI paddhati keTalI prabaLa tema ja agatyanI hovI joIe, teno khyAla Ave che. trIjA aMkamAM kamalaka nAmano dUta mlecchonA upadravathI mevADa dezanI je kharAba hAlata thaI che, teno khyAla Ape che. chevaTe, viradhavala Ave che evI vAta phelAvI dezavAsIone teNe hiMmata ApI. cothA aMkamAM ApaNane jANavA maLe che ke vastupAle phelAvelI aphavAne pariNAme bagadAdano khalIpha kharparakhAnane AjJA kare che ke teNe mIlacchIkArane pakaDI beDImAM jakaDI pitAnI AgaLa raju karavo. bIjI bAju, tukenA parAjaya pachI temanA pradeza pAchA sapavAnuM vacana ApI vastupAla keTalAka rAjAone potAnA pakSamAM laI le che. pachI mIlacchIkAra tenA vajIra gherI Isapha sAthe vAtacIta karatA Ubho che, tyAM viradhavalanI bUma ane tenA lazkarano avAja sAMbhaLI banne jaNa mUThIo vALI nAse che; zatru na pakaDAyAthI viradhavala nAsIpAsa thAya che, paNa zatranI pUMTha na pakaDavAnI vastupAlanI salAhanuM pAlana kare che. pAMcamA aMkamAM rAjA vijaya pAmI ghera Ave che. vaLI eka vAta jAhera thAya che ke ke mIlacchIkAranA pIra radI ane kudIne bagadAdathI AvatAM vastupAle samudramAM keda karyA hatA ane temanI sahIsalAmata mATe mIlaThThI kArane varadhavala sAthe maitrInI 63

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ItihAsanI keDI saMdhi karavAnI pharaja pADI hatI. aMtamAM, rAjA zivanA maMdiramAM jAya che, tyAM ziva sAkSAta prakaTa thaI tene varadAna Ape che. A nATaka khaMbhAtamAM vastupAlanA putra jayaMtasiMhanI AjJAthI bhImezvara devanA yAtrA mahotsava prasaMge bhajavAyuM hatuM. samagra saMskRta sAhityamAM samakAlIna zuddha aitihAsika prasaMgane anulakSIne lakhAyelAM nATaka atyaMta virala che, ane e rIte A "hamIramadamardana' nATaka khUba mahattvanuM gaNAvuM joIe. jo ke nATaka ke kAvya tarIke te bahu ucca keTinuM nathI. subhaTanuM 'dUtAMga - subhaTa nAme kavi paNa viradhavalanA darabAramAM raheto hato ane te kAlanA bIjA aneka kavionI jema tene paNa vastupAlano Azraya hato. teNe lakheluM dUtAMgada' nATaka pATaNamAM kumArapAle padharAvelI zivanI mUrtinA dolotsava prasaMge tribhuvanapAlanI AjJAthI bhajavAyuM hatuM. tribhuvanapAlana rAjyakALa saM. 1298 thI 1300 no che, eTale A nATaka paNa te ja arasAmAM lakhAyuM haze. meghaprabhAcAryanuM "dharmAkyudaya" dazArNabhadra rAjarSinA caritrane avalaMbIne lakhAyeluM medhaprabhAcAryanuM dharmAbhyadaya' nATaka paNa saMghanI AjJAthI bhajavAyuM hatuM ema jANavA maLe che. muslima kALanAM saMskRta nATake - saM. 17pa6mAM karaNa vAghelAno parAjaya thayo; gUjarAtanuM chelluM svataMtra hindu rAjya nAza pAmyuM ane muslima sattAne prAraMbhika dara sArA ye gUjarAta upara gAjI rahyo. vidyAne maLa rAjyAzraya baMdha thayo. rAjadarabAramAMthI vidraSTi ane zAstracarcAone dezavaTo 64

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gUjarAtamAM saMskRta nATaka maLe, chatAM gUjarAta kAThiyAvADanA hindu rAjAo ane dhanikoe vidyAne yathAzakti piSaNa ApyAM karyuM. pariNAme muslima sattAnI sthApanA pachI paNa gUjarAtamAM saMskRtanA sArasvatapravAhanuM sAtatya jaLavAI rahyuM. jaina sAdhuonI lekhanapravRttio paNa saMskRta sAhityanI racanAmAM ghaNe moTo phALo Apyo hato. e kALamAM racAyelA saMskRta sAhityamAM keTalAMka saMskRta nATake paNa maLe che. gaMgAdharanuM gaMgAdAsapratApavilAsa saM. 1505 AsapAsamAM ApaNane "gaMgAdAsapratApavilAsa" nAmanuM navAMkI nATaka maLe che. cAMpAneranA rAjA gaMgAdAse amadAvAdanA sultAna mahammada tathA tenA Azrita IDaranA rAjAne harAvyA, te prasaMgane anulakSIne lakhAyeluM e vIrarasapradhAna nATaka che. cAMpAnerano rAjakavi gaMgAdhara teno kartA che. pAvAgaDha ane cAMpAneranI samRddhi, prajAnI mahAkAlI pratyenI bhakti ane gaMgAdAsano aDaga Teka e badhAno emAMthI sAro khyAla maLe che. cAMpAneramAM mahAkAlInA mandiranA sabhAgRhamAM e nATaka bhajavAyuM hatuM. bhUdeva zukalanuM "dharmavijaya dharmavijaya' nAmanuM paMcAMkI nATaka dilhIpatinA dAnavenAdhyakSa kAyastha kezavadAsa mATe lakhAyeluM che. teno kartA bhUdeva zukala che. smArta AcarethI yukta jIvananA pAralaukika phAyadAo" darzAvatuM e rUpaka che. enI hAthaprata saM. 1832 nI maLe che, eTale tyAra pahelAM e racAyeluM hovuM joIe. ravidAsanuM pAkhaMDakhaMDana ravidAsanuM "pAkhaMDa khaMDana" paNa daMbha ane pAkhaMDanuM khaMDana karI vedadharmanuM pratipAdana karatuM rUpaka che. nAndImAM zrIdevI, sUrya, pArvatI, vAdevI, rAma, ziva ane gaNezanuM AvAhana karyuM che. nepathyamAMthI

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itihAsanI keDI vedadhvani ane sarasvatInI vINAne jhaMkAra saMbhaLAya che. veda ane sarasvatI vaidika dharmanuM viplAna thayuM hovAnI phariyAda kare che. dhArmika daMbho ane pAkhaMDoe vaidika dharmanI kevI avadazA karI mUkI hatI te AmAMthI jaNAya che. kartAe AmAM sarasvatI ane veda uparAMta viSNubhakti, nyAya, mImAMsA, vedAnta, prazasta paurANika, viTAvatesa vagere pAtro kalpIne vaidika dharmanI satyatA pratipAdita karI che. aMtamAM, prazasta pairANikanA prayatnothI pAkhaMDI dhUrtI nAsI jAya che tathA nAstika Astika bane che. kartAe A nATaka "dhAravatI-patinA priyane mATe lakhyuM che" evo temAM ullekha che, paNa te kyAre lakhAyuM e vize kaMI jANavA maLatuM nathI. alabata, te ghaNuM prAcIna to nathI ja. rAmakRSNanuM "gopAlakelicandrikA" rAmakRSNa devanuM "gopAlakelicandrikA" nATaka zrIkRSNanI vRndAvanalIlAonuM bhaktibhAvapUrNa nirUpaNa kare che. A nATakano paNa cokakasa samaya jANavAmAM nathI. arvAcIna kALa vadhu arvAcIna kALamAM AvatAM, saM. 18paramAM praznorA kavi jagannAthakRta "bhAgyamahodayajudA judA alaMkArane pAtra kapIne bhAvanagaranA mahArAjA vakhatasiMha tathA temanI sabhAnuM varNana kare che. A pachI paNa gujarAtamAM saMskRta nATake nathI lakhAyAM ema nahi. pacAsa-sATha varSa para lakhAyelAM merabIvALA zAstrI zaMkaralAla mahezvaranAM "sAvitrIcarita" Adi tathA TheTha hamaNAM naDiyAdavALA zrI mULazaMkara mANekalAla yAjJikanAM "saMyogitAsvayaMvarama," "chatrapati- sAmrAjayam' Adi saMskRta nATayazAstranA siddhAntane anusarIne lakhAyelAM nATake tenA udAharaNarUpa che. paraMtu e ke enI ke pachI lakhAyelAM bIjA keTalAMka nATakonuM vivaraNa A sthaLe aprastuta che.

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gujarAtamAM saMskRta nATaka prajAjIvanamAM saMskRta nATaka madhyakAlIna gUjarAtamAM nATaka rAjAti athavA dhanikAdhIna hatuM. rAjAnI AjJAthI jema vakhatevakhata nATako bhajavAtAM tema dhanika loke paNa nATake karAvatA. uparAMdhelAM nATako paikI ghaNAM rAjAjJAthI bhajavAyAM hatAM, e ApaNe joI gayA. rAmabhadranuM " prabuddharauhiNeya' nATaka jAloramAM be vaNika bhAIonI sUcanAthI bhajavAyuM hatuM. "prabandhacintAmaNi'nA bhojarAja-prabandhamAM evo eka prasaMga Ave che ke-bhejarAjA nagaracarcA jovA gayo hato, tyAM eka sthaLe zivamaMdiramAM eka vANiyAe nATaka karAvyuM hatuM, tenI samRddhi joIne vANiyAne lUMTI levAno rAjAne vicAra thayo. A kathAnakamAM bhale satyAMza na hoya, paraMtu devamaMdiremAM dhanika loke paNa nATako karAvatA, eTalI upayogI mAhitI temAMthI maLe che. devamaMdiromAM devonI varSagAMTha, vasantotsava, yAtrAmahotsava ityAdi prasaMgoe khAsa nATaka bhajavAtAM. pUrvakALamAM nATaka mAtra ucca varganA-rAjA ane tenA darabArIenA vinodanuM sAdhana hatuM. paNa madhyakAlIna gUjarAtamAM dhArmika pracArArthe paNa nATakano upayoga thate ApaNe joIe chIe. e rIte nATaka janasamUhano sparza karatuM paNa banyuM. "moharAjaparA," prabuddharauhiNeya "karuNavayudha" ane "dharmAbhyadaya' jainadharmanA pracArArthe ja lakhAyAM tathA bhajavAyAM hatAM. "karuNavayudha' to yAtrAdhAma zatruMjaya upara vastupAle kADhelA saMghanA paritApa arthe bhajavAyuM hatuM, e paNa ochuM sUcaka nathI. "dharmavijya, "pAkhaMDa- 7. baMgALamAM hajI paNa jAtrAnA prayogo thAya che. madhyakAlIna temaja arvAcIna gujarAtamAM paNa "jAtrA," "jAtara " e zabdo "bhavAI'nA arthamAM vaparAya che. sarakhA "cAcara tyAM jAtara." kavi lAvaNyasamaya "vimalaprabaMdhamAM lakhe che: "na gaNaI gharamAMTI kuNamAtra, nArI jevA jAI jAva."

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itihAsanI keDI khaMDana' ityAdi nATakA evI ja rIte vaidika dharmanA pracArArthe lakhAyAM hatAM. nATaka! sAmAnyataH madiranA paTAMgaNamAM bhajavAtAM, kAraNa ke prAcIna kALanu mandira e sArvajanika samelananuM ekamAtra sthAna hatuM. leke nATaka jovA khUba utsAhathI jatA ane nATayaM mitraneeananya yadudhALyeka samArAdhanam / e kavikulagurunI uktine sArthaka karatA ema prabaMdhe! vAMcatAM jaNAya che.8 samAjane dhanika ane madhyamavarga nATakanA sAmAnya saMvAde pUratuM saMskRta ane prAkRta samajI zakatA haze jema atyAre aMgrejI samaje che ema mAnavAne pUratAM kAraNeA che. Aje paNa malabAramAM keTaleka sthaLe ' AzcaryAM - maMjarI, '* pratijJAyaugandharAyaNa ' ane ' nAgAnada' nATako bhajavAya che ane jonArA te samaje che.9 8. keTalAka prabandhAmAM maLatuM nIcenu kathAnaka A dRSTie jANavA jevu che: eka sthaLe nATaka thatuM hatuM tyAM rAjA siddharAja pA veze jai caDhayA tyAM nATaka netA eka vANiyA khUba utsAhathI rAjAnA khabhe hAtha mUkIne Ubhe! rahyo. rAntae tene pAna khAvA ApyuM. bIje divase savAre rAnno vANiyAne darabAramAM bAlAvyA ane kahyuM ke, kAle " nATaka jevAnI teA maja AvI, paNa mAre khabhe! bahu du:khe che. " tyAre vANiyA manamAM tA gabharAye paNa teNe caturAithI javAba ApyA ke, " mahArAja ! je AkhI pRthvInA bhA peAtAnA khabhe dhAraNa kare che, tene eka garIba vANiyAnA zA bhAra lAgavAne hatA ?" A sAMbhaLI rAnta khuza thayA. * 9. jema upalA ane madhyama varga mATe saskRta nATaka hatuM te Amavaga mATe bhavAi jevA nATacaprakAra hovA joie. paNa tenI vadhu carca ahIM aprastuta che. e saMbadhI vizeSa mATe jue 'bhAratIya vidyA, pu. 1 aMka 3 mAM ' madhyakAlIna gujarAtamAM nATaka ' e mArA nibaMdhanA trIja khaMDa tathA amadAvAdanI raMgabhUmi pariSadamAM zrI jayazaMkara sundarIne bhavAi'vizene nikha`dha.

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gujarAtamAM saMskRta nATaka gUjarAtanAM saMskRta nATakenuM mUlyAMkana have prazna e thaze ke, gujarAtanA A badhAM saMskRta nATakanuM sAhityadaSTie mUlyAMkana zuM? kahevuM joIe ke hemacandranA ziSya rAmacandranA apavAdane bAda karIe te, zuddha sAhityadaSTie A badhAM nATakonI kImata jhAjhI nathI. jo ke mAgha ane bANanI pachI sAcuM sarjane saMskRta sAhityamAMthI lagabhaga AthamI gayuM hatuM, eTale madhyakALamAM te hindanA badhA ja prAntamAM A sthiti che. saMskRta nATakano uddeza mukhyatve karIne pAtronA bAhya ke AMtarika saMgharSaNanuM nirUpaNa karavAno nahi paNa prekSakonA manamAM rasanI niSpatti karavAno hato. arthAta nA raca e ukti darzAve che tema, nATaka e kAvyano ja eka prakAra hato. eTale kItha jevA vidvAne kare che tema, kevaLa pAzcAtya vivecananI daSTie ja A badhAM nATakanuM mUlyAMkana karI temane kevaLa utArI pADavAno kaMI artha nathI, kemake hinda ane yuropano nATaka pratyeno dRSTikoNa kevaLa bhinna hato. chatAM prAcIna pratibhAvAna AcAryoe sthApelA rasasaMpradAyanuM aMtargata rahaye jyAre lagabhaga bhulAyuM hatuM ane pUrvakAlIna tejasvI sarjakatA AthamatI hatI te pAMDityayugamAM saMskRta nATakanI avanati thaI e hakIkata che. saMvAdo phIkA, dIrghasUtrI ane vyaktitvahIna banatA gayA ane rasaniSpattino hetu pradhAna hovAne kAraNe loke mukataka jevA-vadhu ne vadhu lAlityapUrNa banatA gayA. lekhakenuM dhyAna AvAM muktake lakhavA upara ja kendrastha thatuM gayuM ane nATakanAM bIjA aMge bhUkhe maravA lAgyAM. je vargo ja pADavA hoya to, gUjarAtamAM lakhAyelAM saMskRta nATake paikI rAmacandranI moTA bhAganI kRtio, bilaNakRta "karNasundarI.' yazapAlakRta "meharAjaparAjaya, prahalAdanadevakRta "pArthaparAkramavyAyoga' ane vijyapAlakRta "draupadIsvayaMvara ne huM AgalI haroLamAM mUke.

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itihAsanI keDI A sivAya, bIjI rIte joie tA, itihAsa ane samAjazAstranA abhyAsanI daSTie gUjarAtamAM lakhAyelAM saMskRta nATakAnu mUlya ghaNuM moTuM che, 10 ka sundarI, mudritakumudacandraprakaraNa, candra" lekhAvijayaprakaraNa, meADarAjaparAjaya, hammIramadamardana tathA gaMgAdAsapratApavilAsa e nATaka! samakAlIna aitihAsika prasaMge uparathI lakhAyAM che. eka sAthe ATalAM aitihAsika nATaka maLe e khUba mahattvanuM che. khIjAM keTalAMka nATakA dhArmika pracArArthe lakhAyAM che ane ghaNAMkharAM sArvajanika utsava prasaMge khAsa ceAjanAthI bhajavAyAM che. madhyakAlIna gujarAtanA itihAsa ane jIvanane samajavAmAM nATaka paNa dhaNe aMze sahAyabhUta thAya che. upasa'hAra gUjarAtamAM saMskRta nATakA mukhyatve vikramanA bAramA saikAnA pUrvAthI mAMDI teramA saikAnA uttarArdha sudhImAM--Azare base varSanA gALAmAM lakhAyAM che. keTalAM nATakA kALanA pravAhamAM taNAI gayAM haze, e nakkI karavAnuM kAi sAdhana ApaNI pAse nathI, chatAM je aziSTa rahyAM che te jotAM paNa gUjarAte khase| varSanA gALAmAM ghaNAM nATakA ApyAM gaNAya. vaLI emAMnAM ghaNAM nATakA khAsa bhajavavA mATe ja lakhAyAM hatAM, e vizeSa neoMdhapAtra che. gUjarAtanI saMskRtinA abhyAsa mATe te! A nATakAnuM avaleAkana ane abhyAsa anivArya che, paraMtu saMskRta nATakasAhityane sarva dezIya vicAra karatAM paNa gujarAtanAM nATakAnI avagaNanA na thai zake. 10. eka ja udAharaNa laie te!,'meharAjaparAjaya 'mAM sAta vyasanane dezavaTA maLe che, paNa vezyAne rahevu hoya te rahevA devAmAM Ave che. e nATabhAM vezyAvyasanaM tu varAkamupekSaNIyam / na tena kiJcid gatena sthitena vA / evA ullekha che. eTale zuM gaNikA samAjanu anivArya aMga gaNAtI haze ? A rIte bIna ullekhA paNa bhegA thai roke. Sp

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prabaMdhacintAmaNi zrImetuMgAcArya viracita prabacintAmaNi (gujarAtI bhASAntara, aitihAsika TippaNIo, pariziSTa vagere sAthe) bhASAntarakartA: rA. rA. durgAzaMkara kevaLarAma zAstrI, prakAzaka: zrI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA, muMbaI. rU. 1-0-0 "janI sthAo vAraMvAra sAMbhaLethI DAhyAM mANasanAM manane joIe tevAM prasanna karatI nathI, mATe najIkanA vakhatamAM thaI gayelA sapuruSanA vRttAto vaDe A prabandhacintAmaNi granthanI racanA karuM chuM' ema jaNAvI nAgendragacchIya jainAcArya merUMgasUrie saM. 13 61mAM vaDhavANamAM A prabandhacintAmaNi saMskRta bhASAmAM racyo. vikrama ane zAlivAhananA praba tathA anya keTalAka prakIrNa prabandhane choDI daIe ke, vanarAjathI mAMDIne vIradhavala sudhIno gujarAtanA ItihAsane vRttAnta temAM che. e mAtra "ItihAsa' nathI, ItihAsa" lakhavAnI dRSTi paNa e vakhate nahotI; sAmAnya jJAnavALA vAcaka-khAsa karI jainone-prabo eTale kalpanAmizrita zratakathAo ApavAne tene uddeza che. sAdA ane sahelA saMskRta gadyamAM vacce vacce saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza subhASito mUkIne A prabandha racAyelA che. eTale pUrvakAlamAM aitihAsika viSayo laIne racAyelAM mahAkAvyomAM AvatI atizayoktione doSa temAM kudaratI rIte ja ocho che. pUrvanA lekhaka eTale ke hemacandra, arisiMha, somezvara, udayaprabha ane bAlacandra jevA caulukya rAjAonA samakAlIna hoI temanA viSe kaMIka apajaza lAge evI vAto rAja 71

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itihAsanI keDI bhayathI ke bIjAM game te kAraNothI lakhatAM acakAyA hatA, ane mAtra prazasti sivAyanI bIjI thoDI ja hakIkato ApaNane pUrI pADI zakyA che. e ja kAraNathI mahammada gajanInI savArI ane somanAthanA patana jevA mahatvanA banAvonAM varNana temanA granthamAM kayAM ya maLatAM nathI. AthI UlaTuM ja, metuMgane rAjabhaya jevuM te kaMI hatuM ja nahIM, teno uddeza rUDha zilInAM mahAkAvyo lakhavAne nahIM, paNa zrotAonuM raMjana karavAno hato, ane gujarAtanuM hindu mahArAjya nAza pAme mAtra eka ja varSa thayuM hatuM eTale aitihAsika zrata paramparAno lAbha paNa merUtuMgane maLyo hato. kItikaumudI, suzrutakIrtAikallolinI ane sahastraliMgaprazasti jevAM pUrvakALanAM lakhA mAMthI me tuMge aneka sthaLe avataraNo lIdhAM che te uparathI ema lAge che ke e sAhityano paNa teNe pUra upayoga karyo haze. je ke tenI vizeSatA to eka bIjI che. hindu lekhakone sAmAnya rIte apriya evI sAlo merUtuMge noMdhI che ane teNe ApelI ghaNIka sAla itihAsadRSTie vizvAsapAtra pUravAra thaI che. vanarAja cAvaDAe saM. 802mAM pATaNa sthApyuM tyArathI saM. 1287mAM mannI vastupAle yAtrA karI tyAM sudhInI saMkhyAbaMdha sAlo temAM maLI Ave che. Azare chaso varSanA itihAsano lagabhaga silasilAbaMdha vRttAnta maLI Avato hoya evA granthA samasta bhAratanA saMskRta-prAkRta sAhityamAM virala che. Ama, prabandhacintAmaNi gUjarAtanA madhyakAlIna hindu rAjapUta yugano itihAsa ukelavAmAM bIjA keI paNa prabandhAtmaka lakhANa karatAM vadhAre upayogI thAya che ke temAM lokakathAnA, kalpanAnA ane sAmpradAyika pakSabhedanA aMze kyAM che te ApaNe joIzuM. A atyupayegI grantha tarapha ItihAsarasikonuM dhyAna bahu lAMbA samayathI kheMcAyeluM che. rAsamAlAkAra mI. alekajhAnDara phArbase potAnA upayoga mATe tene saM. 1849mAM anuvAda karyo hato, bombe gejhITIyara antargata gUjarAtane ItihAsa lakhavAmAM paMDita bhagavAnalAla indrajIe 7ra

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prabacitAmaNi paNa teno upayoga karyo hato. tyAra pachI to gujarAtano ItihAsa para tenI amuka aMzamAM vizvAsapAtratA sAbita thatAM e granthane bahoLo upayoga thavA lAgyo. e pachI "vidhiviSaNuzaMkarAMzarUpa" piTarsana, kilahona ane bulDaranA zAstrI rAmacandra dInAnAthe gUjarAtI, ane TaunIe TippaNIo sAthe tenuM aMgrejI bhASAntara karyuM. e agAu zAstrI rAmacandra ja mULa saMskRta paNa saMpAdita karIne prasiddha karyuM hatuM. paraMtu temanuM saMskaraNa ane temano anuvAda abhyAsanI daSTie upayogI thAya evAM nahetAM; ane e agavaDa lagabhaga hamaNAM sudhI naDatI hatI. sIMdhI jaina granthamAlA taraphathI muni jinavijayajIe ane zrI phArbasa gUjarAtI sabhA taraphathI zrI durgAzaMkara kevaLarAma zAstrIe mULanAM pharIvAranAM saMskaraNe karelAM che ane A bIjI saMsthA taraphathI TippaNIo ane pariziSTothI pariSkRta thayelo A anuvAda bahAra pADavAmAM Avelo che. have granthanI saMghaTanAnA viSaya upara AvIe. merUtuMgano uddeza kaMI zuddha ItihAsa ApavAno nahoto, ane pariNAme lokakathA, kalpanA ane sAMpradAyikatAnA aneka aMzo pustakamAM ghUsI gayelA che. nAgAnaprabandha, gevardhananRpaprabandha, bhartuhariprabandha, varAhamihiraprabandha, puNyasAraprabandha, vikramAkapraba, zAlivAhanapraba vagere atiprAcIna puruSone lagatA prabandho viSe te kaMI mata Apa durasta nathI. vadhAre arvAcIna prabadhe paikI bhojaprabandhamAM mAgha, bANa ane mayUra e traNe kavione bhejarAjAnA darabAramAM mUkavAmAM metuMge kAlAnukramanI jabarI bhUla karI che, paNa A bhUla to lagabhaga badhA ja prAcIna lekhake e karelI che, eTale "saSNuparamparAne AdhAre lakhanAra merUtuMge te svIkArI lIdhI hoya to navAI nahIM. aitihAsika dRSTine e vakhate abhAva hato e to ApaNe joI gayA. jamAnAne raMga merUtuMgane paNa na lAge e bane ja kema ? teNe banAvone kAlAnukrama pramANe goThavavAnI tasdI lIdhI nathI ane racanA 73

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itihAsanI keDI bahu zithila hovAthI pAchaLathI prakSipta puSkaLa dAkhala thaI gayAM che. graja mukhyatve zvetAmbara jaino mATe racAyelo hovAthI digaMbara sampradAya ane brAhmaNa dharma pratyenI svAbhAvika asahiSNutAthI prerAIne lakhAyelI ardhasatyothI bharelI aneka hakIkata maLI Ave che. atre kahevuM joIze ke prAcIna hindu granthamAM paNa e ja doSa hato. kevaLa aitihAsika vigatonI dRSTie jotAM AvAM camatkArapUrNa varNano ane sAmpradAyikatAthI prerAyelAM lakhANo vAMdhAbharelAM lAge, paNa samAjazAstranA abhyAsanI dRSTie tenuM atyaMta mahattva che. viSayathI dUra javAnA bhayane lIdhe e vastuno ahIM mAtra nirdeza karIne ja aTakuM chuM. prabandhacintAmaNino uddeza lokaraMjanano hato. eTale sAmpradAyika camatkArAnI hakIkato, lokomAM atyaMta priya thaI paDelI vArtAo e badhuM ApavA tarapha merUtuMge vizeSa lakSa ApyuM che ane enI ADe keTalIka mahattvapUrNa bAbato chupAI gaI che. jo ke sAhityanA abhyAsanI dRSTie A vastu paNa upayogI thaI paDe che. lokakathAnA amuka aMzonI jude jude sthaLe kema AyAta-nikAsa thayAM kare che, te AmAMthI jaNAya che. 1 pR. 10 uparanI vikramaviSe vArtA zAlivAhananI lokavArtAmAM maLe che; pR. 1pa uparanI parakAyApravezanI vArtA jaina siMhAsanabatrIsImAM, janI gUjarAtImAM thayelAM e ja granthanAM harakalaza ane saMghavijayanAM rUpAntaromAM ane prAcIna vArtAsAhityamAM sthaLe sthaLe maLe che; pR. 11 upara in dezanI samRddhi bhogavavAnI vAta che te paNa lokasAhityanI asara che. prAcIna vArtAomAM aneka sthaLe cakravartI in dezano adhipati hoya evAM varNane maLe che: kAlakAcArya kathAmAne zAkhi rAjA cha-- mAMDalikane adhipati hato; 1 lokakathAnA amuka aMzenI kevI rIte Apa-le thayA kare che tenI vistArapUrvaka carcA mATe juo agiyAramA sAhitya saMmelanamAM mAre nibaMdha "ApaNuM lekavArtAviSayaka prAcIna sAhitya: eka tulanAtmaka daSTi.

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prabandhacitAmaNi pR. 73-74 uparanI, bhojanI sabhAmAM gayelA gUjarAtanA rAjA bhImadevanA sAtvivigrahaka DAmaranI caturAInI ane hAjarajavAbInI vAto hajIye akabara bIrabala ke evAM ja keI nAme pracalita che; pR. 1pa0 uparanI, eka strIe potAnA patine vaza karavA eka vanaspati khavarAvatAM te baLada thaI gaye, ane ziva-pArvatInI kRpAthI te pAcho manuSyarUpamAM Avyo te kathA somaprabhAcArya kRta kumArapAlapratibaMdhamAM che, ane atyAre paNa pracalita che; pR. 23pa uparanI, nagarane rAjA aputra hoya to navA AgaMtuka upara hAthaNI pAse kalaza DhoLAvI vArasa nakkI karavAnI hakIkata lagabhaga badhI ja lokakathAomAM hoya che. mAtra ATaluM ja nahIM, paNa A eka ja granthamAM ceeka sarakhI vArtAo eka karatAM vadhAre sthaLe maLe che. rAjakavi kalApIe je kathAne "grAmya mAtA' nAme kAvyamAM amara karI che te- rAjAnA asaMtoSane lIdhe zeraDImAMthI rasa sUkAI javAnI vArtA AmAM vikramaprabandhamAM vikrama viSe ane bhejabhImaprabandhamAM bheja viSe maLe che. banemAM phera mAtra eTalo ke vRddhAne badale saMskRtamAM vezyAnuM pAtra che. siddharAjaprabandhamAMnA lIlA vaidyanA uTaMga camatkAronI vAto atyAre paNa AyurvedanA keTalAka ajJAna prazaMsake kare che. sAmpradAyika camatkAro viSenI asaMbhAvya vAto AmAM che, tathA digaMbaro ane brAhmaNonuM halakuM dekhAya evI hakIkata che; teo eka bIjAnA dharmanI kevI rIte nindA karatA haze tenAM kaMIka sUcano emAMthI maLe che. paNa tenI kaMI khAsa vizeSatA na hoI te viSe ahIM lakhyuM nathI. anya jaina prabaLe paikI kaI aitihAsika daSTie kadAca nirmAlya haze, paNa prAcIna lokavArtAnA sAhityanA tulanAtmaka abhyAsamAM temAMthI aneka prakAre madada maLe che. prabandhacintAmaNi graMtha upara kahI tevI khAmIovALA hovA chatAM tenI pahelAMnA athavA pachInA koI paNa prabandhAtmaka lakhANa karatAM te vadhAre upagI che. gujarAtanA ItihAsa paratve to merUMge

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ItihAsanI keDI ApelAM nAmo aitihAsika jaNAyAM che tathA teNe ApelA saMvate paNa utkIrNa zilAlekha vagere sAdhano uparathI sAcA jaNAyA che ane ethI ja aneka samakAlIna gro karatAM ye prabandhacintAmaNinI mAhitI vadhAre upayukta gaNAi che. zrI durgAzaMkara zAstrI jevA prAcIna sAhitya ane ItihAsanA ApaNA eka zreSTha abhyAsIne hAthe A granthano anuvAda thayo che e AnaMdanI vAta che. mULa anuvAda karatAM ye vadhAre upayogI te temaNe karelAM aneka zaMkAsthAnanAM nivAraNa, TippaNIo ane pariziSTo che, ane temanA lakhavA pramANe aitihAsika TippaNIo ane pariziSToe ja sauthI vadhAre mahenata temane ApI che. A aitihAsika TippaNIomAM temaNe keTalAMka evAM navIna ane mahattvapUrNa vidhAno karelAM che ke je ItihAsanA abhyAsIonuM pahelI ja najare dhyAna kheMcavA zaktimAna thaI jaze; jemake vikrama viSenI carcAnuM pariziSTa (pR. 21), cAvaDAonI vaMzAvaLInuM pariziSTa (pR. 38), muMja ane mRNAlavatInA premanI kathA ane tenA ja pariNAme muMjano tailape vadha karyAnI kathA vizvAsapAtra na hovA viSenI carcA (pR. 61), bhojarAjAnA vana viSenuM pariziSTa (pR. 107), kheMgAra ane rANakadevInI carcA (pR. 135), valabhInA patananuM TippaNa (pR. 229), jagadeva paramAra viSenuM TippaNa (pR. 247), pRthvIrAja cauhANa ane rAsA viSenuM TippaNa (pR. 249). AmAMnAM badhAM vidhAno sarvamAnya thaze ke kema e eka carcAspada bAbata che, paNa e vidhAna dvArA zrI durgAzaMkara zAstrIjIe prAcIna gUjarAtanA ItihAsanA rasiko samakSa vicAra karavAne mATe keTalIka navIna vastuo mUkI che e to cokkasa. uparAMta, pAne pAne apAyelAM TippaNamAM ItihAsa ane saMskRtiviSayaka anekavidha mAhitI che, je dareka abhyAsane upayogI thaI paDavAno saMbhava che. pustakane

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prabacitAmaNi aMte ApelI sUcine lIdhe e mahattvapUrNa TippaNIone upayoga karavAnI saraLatA prApta thAya che. prabandhacintAmaNimAM sthaLe sthaLe te vakhatanI pracalita bhASA apabhraMzanAM subhASita Ave che. metuMge paNa siddhahaimakAra hemacandranI mAphaka evAM subhASita prAcIna kathAkAvyo ane lokeAktio uparathI utAya lAge che. teNe utArelAM, kheMgAranuM maraNa thatAM rANakadevIe uccArelAM zokavAyo juo- rANA savve vANiyA jesalu vaDDau seThi / kAhUM vaNijaDDu mANDiu ammINA gaDha heThi // paI giruA giranAra kAhU maNi maccharu dhariu / mArItAM khaGgAra eka vi siharu na Dhaliu // vADhI to vaDhavANa vIsAratAM na vIsarai / sonAsamA parANa bhogAvaha paI bhogavIi // enuM rUpAra atyAre turI loka gAya che ane te janasamAjamAM paNa bahu pracalita che - amArA gaDha heTha keNe taMbu tANiyA, sadhare meTe zeTha, bIjA vartAu vANiyA. gojhArA giranAra, vaLAmaNa verIne thaye, maratA rA'kheMgAra khareDI khAMgo nava thayo. vArU zahera vaDhavANa bhAgoLe bhogAvo vahe; (ATalAdi) bhogavata kheMgAra, (have) bhagavA bhegAvA dhaNI. muMjarAjaprabandhamAMnA munna bhaNai muNAlavai juvvaNa gayauM ma jhUri / jai sakara sayakhaNDa thiya toi tu mIThI cUri //

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itihAsanI keDI jA mati pacchai saMpajaha sA mati pahilI hoi / muJja bhaNai muNAlavai vighana na veThai koi // e "muMja bhaNaI muNAlavaI"nI chApavALA dUhAo ANaMda kahe paramANaMda' vagere sAthe keTalA maLatA Ave che ? Ama merUtuMge aneka sundara prAcIna subhASito-pachI te lokasAhityamAMthI ke te vakhate astitvamAM hoya paNa atyAre upalabdha nahIM evAM kathAkAvyomAMthI-uddharyA che ane e dRSTie tenI upayogitA mAtra siddhahaimakAra hemacandra ane kumArapAlapratibodhakAra samaprabhAcAryathI ja bIjI kakSAe Ave che. bhASAzAstranI dRSTie paNa A avataraNonI atI upayogitA che. paraMtu aneka saMzayagrasta saMskRta-prAkRta pAThanuM ATalI nipuNatAthI ane vivekapUrvaka bhASAntara karanAra anuvAdaka A avataraNonA bhASAntaramAM aneka sthaLe cUkyA che. bIje sAmAnya subhASita karatAM AnI vizeSatA hovAthI te viSe jarA vistArapUrvaka vivecana karavA lalacAuM chuM. (1) vikramarAjA eka vAra rAtre vIracaryAmAM pharatA hatA te vakhate temaNe eka ghAMcInA moDhAmAMthI nIce pramANe kArya sAMbhaLyo- ammINao sandesaDao tAraya kanha kahijja / ghaNIvAra vATa jevA chatAM enuM bIjuM caraNa na saMbhaLAyuM. pachI rAjA pitAnA mahelamAM cAlyA gayA. savAre te ghAMcIne bolAvIne zokanuM bIjuM caraNa pUchyuM, tyAre teNe kahyuM ke, jaga dAliddihiM DubbiuM balibandhaNaha muija // . Ano anuvAda nIce pramANe karavAmAM Avyo cheH "ApaNuM rAjAne (saMsArasamudramAMthI) tAranAra kRSNa kahI zakAya, (paNa) jagata daridratAmAM DUbI gayuM che tathA bali (karo tathA bIjo artha s8

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prabandhacintAmaNi alirAjA ) nAM baMdhanA hajI chUTayAM nathI.' AmAM pahelA caraNanA artha barAbara nathI. sandesabo zabda ja anuvAdake dhyAnamAM lIdhe jaNAtA nathI. 'amArA saMdezA tAraka kRSNane kaheje, (ke) jagat daridratAmAM DUbI gayuM che mATe balinAM baMdhanA cheADI deje.' ema zuddha artha hevA joie. ni ane mukhanA anukrame kaheje ' ( sarakhAveA rAjasthAnI ' kahitye ' ) ane 'muje'-chADI deje e pramANe athavA joie. 6 (2) eka vAra sAMjanA divAna---Ama khalAsa thayA pachI bhojarAjA dhArAnagarInI aMdara karatA hatA te vakhate kAi digaMbarane nIcenA zlAka khelatA temaNe sAMbhaLyuMH eu jammu naggahaM giu bhaDasiri khaggu na bhaggu / tikkhAM turiyAM na mANiyAM gorI gali na laggu // : A janma AnA artha nIce pramANe karavAmAM AvyA cheH to vRthA gayA (kAraNa ke) huM nagna chuM, bhaDavIranI taravAra na bhAMgI, strIenA tIkhA kaTAkSA na mANyA ke gerIne gaLe na lagADI. AmAM anuvAdaka, zAstrI rAmacandra dInAnAthane anusaryA lAge che, kAraNa ke ma'sirilane eka pada tarIke laine maTTIlA: e pramANe a thayA lAge che. tiAM turiyAMnA a ' tIkSNa kaTAkSa ' eve zA AdhAre thai zake ? zuddha artha nIce pramANe hAvA joieH * 6 A janma te vRthA ( ' nagnAvasthA'mAM athavA ninuM saMskRta nivRMda laie te dhAra vagaranI avasthA'mAM ema paNa karI zakAya) gayA, bhaDanA mAthA upara taravAra bhAMgI nahIM, tejI gheADA (turiyAM saM. su| athavA bIjo artha tIkhA ane turA rasanA) upayAga karyo nahIM ane geArIne gaLe lagADI nahIM. " 79 3

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itihAsanI keDI (3) eka vakhata zrI kumArapAlavihAramAM kumArapAle lAvelA zrIhemAcArya kapardInA hAthano Teke daI pagathiyAM caDhatA hatA tyAM nartakIne kamakhAnI dorI kheMcatI je kapardIe kahyuM - sohaggIu sahi kaJcuyau jutta uttANu karei / tene uttarArdha hemAcAryo nIce pramANe pUro karyo-- puhihiM pacchai tarugIyaNu jasu guNagahaNa karei // A zlokano artha nIce pramANe karavAmAM Avyo cheH "sundarInI kAMcaLI sArA bhAgyane pAmavAnI utAvaLa kare che. (e vAta kharI che, kAraNa ke taruNIjanono pachavADene bhAga guNagrahaNa karIne puSTa thayo che.' A artha karavAmAM gerasamaja thaI che. anuvAdaka sattAjIne artha "utAvaLa' ane purdi e eka ja zabdanA "pachavADene bhAga " ane "puSTa' ema be artha karatA lAge che. ema thavAthI lokana bhAva ane tenI aMdara rahele va aspaSTa rahI gayAM che. huM teno artha A pramANe karuM chuM: "sakhIo kaMcukI sAthe saubhAgyane paNa UMcuM kare che, jenA guNa (eTale dorInkasa ane sadguNa) pachI taruNIjano pUMThethI grahaNa kare che.' (4) prabandhazatakartA kavi rAmacandrane mArI nAkhavA mATe rAjA ajyapAle tAMbAnA tapAvelA pATalA upara besAryA, tyAre te kavi nIcene loka bolI jIbha karaDI maraNa pAmyA. mahivIDhaha sacarAcaraha jiNa siri dilA pAya / tasu atthamaNu diNesaraha houta hoi cirAya // . Ane anuvAda nIce pramANe thayo che: "je sUryo sacarAcara pRthvIne moTe bhAge lakSmI (zobhA) ApI che te dinapati sUryane paNa asta thAya che; mATe thavAnuM hoya te lAMbe kALe paNa thAya che."

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prabandhacintAmaNi AmAM anuvAdaka phadAca rAmacandra zAstrIne te! nahIM anusaryAM heAya ? kAraNa temaNe niLa sira vidyA pAyane a * jeNe zrI prAyaH ApI' evA karyo che. e artha taddana kheMcItANIne ANelA lAge che ane bhASAzAstranI dRSTie paNa barAbara nathI. huM tene artha A pramANe karu` chuM': 'A sacarAcara pRthvIpIThanA mAthe jeNe paga mUkaye te dinezvara sUryanA asta thAya che; mATe je thavAnu hoya te lAMkhe kALe paNa thayAM kare che.' uparAMta aitihAsika dRSTie to prabandhacintAmaNinI anivArya upayeAgitA siddha che ja, paNa tatkAlIna sAmAjika ane rAjakIya paristhiti viSe paNa temAM chUTaka chUTaka sUcane maLI Ave che, je itihAsa ane samAjazAstranA abhyAsIone bahu upayegI nIvaDavAnA saMbhava che. prastuta grantha mettuMge, sa. 1361 mAM vaDhavANumAM lakhyA che, eTale mAtra eka ja varSa pahelAM nAza pAmelA hindu rAjyanI jADejalAlI ane rAjAeAnI raheNIkaraNInA pratyakSa anubhava tene haze ema teNe karelA ceokkasa ullekhA uparathI lAge che. mettuMge ApelI keTalIka vigatA ahIM utAruM chuM. rAjapUta rAjAe pote karelAM dharmakAryonI neAMdha rAkhavA mATe eka khAsa cepaDeA rAkhatA, je dharmahikA nAmathI eLakhAtA. kAne dAna vagere karyAM pachI te vAta tarata ja temAM lakhI levAmAM AvatI. ( pR. 12 ); ' vanarAdi cApAtkaTa vaza'mAM yeAgarAja, potAnA putra je keTalAka paradezIone lUMTavAnI icchA kare che tene kahe cheH bIjA rAjyAnA rAjAe badhA rAjAonAM rAjyanI prazaMsA kare che, tyAre gUrjara dezamAM cArAnu rAjya che ema marI kare che' (pR. 27). sAmAnya rIte atyAre je evuM anumAna thAya che ke, cAvaDA va'zanA rAjAe mAtra ThAkaraDA jevA hatA, ane temanu Adhipatya ahilavADanI AsapAsanA ja ceDA pradeza upara " 81

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itihAsanI keDI hatuM, ene AthI puSTi maLe che. cAvaDAo mULe lUMTArAo hatA ane rAjyakALa daramyAna paNa temano e svibhAva kadAca gaye nahi hoya. mULarAja pitAnI mA lIlAdevInA garbhamAM ja hato te vakhate lIlAdevInuM avasAna thayuM eTale tenuM peTa cIrIne putra bahAra kADhavAmAM Avyo. (pR. 43) anuvAdaka jaNAve che ke suzratasaMhitA jevA AyurvedanA prAcIna granthamAM suvAvaDa pAse AvI hoya tevI strInuM acAnaka maraNa thatAM tenuM peTa cIrIne bALakane bacAvI levAnuM kahyuM che. AjathI lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa pahelAMnA vaidyo paNa e kArya saphaLatApUrvaka karI zakatA haze ema prabandhacintAmaNinA A ullekha uparathI lAge che. hindu rAjyanA patana pachI AyurvedIya zastrakriyAnuM patana thayuM ema mAnavAne vAMdho nathI ane Aje to emAMnI bahu ja thoDI vidhio avagata che. rAjAo athavA to evA ucca varganI naitika sthiti vakhANavAlAyaka nahIM hoya. zubhazIlagaNinA lakhavA pramANe mRNAlavatI tailapanI sagI bahena nahIM, paNa tenA kAkA devalanI sundarI nAmanI rakhAtanI putrI hatI (pR. 57), merUtuMganA lakhavA pramANe bhImadeve cakalA, athavA bakulA nAmanI ane cAritrasundaragaNi pramANe, kAmalatA nAmanI vezyAne potAnA antaHpuramAM rAkhI hatI (pR. 164), karNa solaMkIne eka halakI strI pratye ane koI kahe che tema eka naTI pratye AkarSaNa hatuM (pR. 114), ane bhojarAjAe vijayA paMDitAne tenI vidvattA ane kAvyacAturIthI mugdha thaI potAnI bhoginI -rakhAta banAvI hatI (pR. 93) tathA vidrata kuTuMbanI eka cAkaraDIne zRMgArika kAvyo viSenA tenA cAturyathI mugdha thaI rANuM banAvI hatI (pR. 68). keTalAye rajavADAMomAM adyaparyanta A jAtanI rIta cAlatI Ave che. bhoja jevA pavitra manAtA rAjAnuM A naitika patana batAvyuM 82

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prabandhacintAmaNi che te uparathI e viSano vadhAre cokkasa khyAla baMdhAya che. rAjAone saMkhyAbaMdha rANIo uparAMta puSkaLa upapatnIo hatI; A upapatnIonAM saMtAnonI samAjamAM kaMI halakAI lekhAtI hoya ema prApta ullekho uparathI jaNAtuM nathI. mRNAlavatInuM tailapanI prajAmAM bahumAna hatuM ane khuda tailapa upara paNa tene prabhAva paDato hato. metuMgana lakhavA pramANe bhImanI rakhAtane putra haripAla, tene tribhuvanapAla ane teno putra kumArapAla hato; ane cAritrasundaramaNi pramANe bhImanI kAmalatA nAme upapatnIne putro kSemarAja ane karNa badhA vargothI pUjita hovAthI tathA bhIme vacana ApyuM hovAthI pitA maratAM kSemarAje karNane gAdI soMpI (pR. 164). AmAM ApelA vyaktigata ullekha viSe kadAca matabheda paDavA saMbhava che, paNa evI upapatnIonA putro tarapha samAja kevI daSTithI joto e viSaya upara AthI prakAza paDe che. te je kharekhara halakA manAtA hota to mejIMga jevA jainatvanA abhimAnIe kumArapAlanI vaDadAdI vezyA hovAnuM lakhyuM ja na hota. vezyAo dAnamAM apAtI. eka rAjAe vArAMganAonuM dAna karyuM hatuM (pR. 67). vaLI bIjo eka sundara ullekha maLe che ke bhoja rAjA ane tene senApati kulacaMdra je pUrvakAlamAM eka digaMbara hate teo banne cAMdanImAM ekavAra sAthe beThA hatA. te vakhate rAjAe eka zlokArdha kahyo ke "jeo hAlI strInI sAthe AkhI rAta eka kSaNa paThe pasAra kare che teone candramA zItaLa kiraNavALo jaNAya che, paNa virahIone ubADiyA jevo saMtApa karanAra lAge che." te sAMbhaLIne kulaca lokArdha pUro karyo : "amAre to vallabhA ye nathI ane viratuM nathI tethI ubhayabhraSTa amAre to candramA arIsA jevo zobhe che, e nathI zItaLa ke nathI uSNa." rAjAe A sAMbhaLI tene eka strI bheTa ApI (pR. 76). A pramANe strIo bheTa ApavAnA ullekho bahu prAcIna samayathI maLe che; rAmAyaNa

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itihAsanI keDI vageremAM paNa evAM vRttAntA Ave che. rAjA ane tenI AsapAsa rahelA vilAsapriya vAtAvaraNane te khyAla Ape che. vezyAe catura hatI. vezyAgRhane vidagdhatAnuM dhAma kAi uktimAM kahyuM che. lalitakalAnuM adhyayana e vezyAe eka pradhAna vyavasAya hatA. bhImadeve gujarAtIonuM cAturya batAvavA mATe bhAjarAjAnA darabAramAM peAtAnA taraphthI geAvALanA vezamAM eka paMDitane ane vezyAne melyAM hatAM, ane teee peAtAnA cAturyathI bhAjane mugdha banAvyA hatA. (pR. 97) ( prajAmAMnA kASTha samRddhivAnane rAjA lUTI le e banAva bahu sAmAnya hAvA joie, kAraNa bheja ke jene meruttuMga dAnezvarI tarIke varNave che tene eka vANiyAe nATaka karAvyuM tenI samRddhi joi lUTI levAne vicAra thayA ema lakhyuM che. (pR. 100) jo kAi rAjAnA kaMi aparAdhamAM Ave te tenAM gharabAra turata ja lUMTI levAtAM hAvAM joie. sapAdalakSanA eka avivekI zeThiyAe mAthu eLatAM eka jUne mArI nAkhI hatI, tethI amAranA amala karAvanAra paMcALAe tene pATaNa lAvI rAjA kumArapAla kane UbhA karyAM. daMDa tarIke tenuM sarvasva lUTI lai cUkAvihAra badhAvavAmAM AvyA (pR. 192 ). khaMbhAtanA sadiSTa nAme musalamAna vepArI dheALakAnA maMDalezvara vIradhavalanA vAMkamAM AvavAthI tenuM sarvasva lUTI levAmAM AvyuM hatu. eve paNa keTaleka sthaLe ullekha maLe che. kAi mAsa aputra marI jAya te! tenI strI rAtI rahe ane tenA mATe phakta khArAkA-pAzAka jeTaluM rAkhIne bAkInu dhana rAjA lai jAya evA niyama hatA; A jAtanA lAgAne 'daMtIvitta'kahevAmAM Avate. temAM adattAdAnane doSa AvatA hovAthI kumArapAle e rivAja aMdha karAvyA hatA. (pR. 182) 84

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prabandhacintAmaNi dararoja sAMje rAjA dIvAna-I-Ama jevo darabAra "sarvAvasara' bharata (pR. 9 tathA 68) tathA saMdhyAkALe tenI AratI utAravAmAM AvatI. (pR. 77) deza sAmAnya rIte sukhI hato, paNa anAvRSTi thAya te pANInuM bIjuM sAdhana ochuM hovAne lIdhe kaMi nIpajatuM nahIM, ane rAjabhAga levA mATe rAjA taraphathI kheDUtonI kanaDagata thatI. (pR. 110) bIjA koInA AvAsamAM khaDa ane pANI nAkhavuM eno artha tene vAdavivAda karavAnuM AhavAna ApavuM evo thato. digambara kumudacandra vAdI devasUrinA upAzrayamAM khaDa ane pAnuM naMkhAvyuM hatuM (pR. 140) tathA vallabhIpuranA male zrI zilAdityanI rajA laIne bauddhonA maThamAM khaDa ane pANI naMkhAvyuM hatuM, ane pachI vAdavivAda karIne temane harAvyA hatA. pR. 225) cityavAsI sAdhuonI naitika vartaNUka viSe bahu kharAba kahevAtuM. ekavAra siddharAjano mahAmAtya sAnU sAnUvasahikAmAM devane namaskAra karavA jato hato tevAmAM teNe vezyAnA khabhAmAM hAtha mUkIne UbhelA cityavAsIne joyo. keTaleka sthaLe jationI lagabhaga AvI ja sthiti che. A prakAranI mAhitI prabandhacintAmaNimAMthI puSkaLa maLe che. kyAzraya, kumArapAlacarita (hemacandrakRta), naranArAyaNananda, kIrtikaumudI, sukRtasaMkIrtana, sukRtakItikallolinI, hammIramadamana, vastupAlatejapAlaprazasti, vasantavilAsa, kumArapAlapratibodha vagere merUtuMga pUrvenA samakAlIna grantha mukhyatve prazastirUpe racAyA hoI rAjAnuM boTuM dekhAya evA bhayathI ane vaLI temano uddeza aitihAsika vRttAnta nirUpavAne nahIM paNa pitAnA caritranAyakanI kIrti vadhAravAne moTe bhAge hovAthI teo amuka prakAranI mAhitI ApI zakyA nathI

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itihAsanI keDI ane tIrthaMkalpa, ratnamAla, dharmAraNya, prabandhakAza, jinamaMDana ane cAritrasundaragaNinA kumArapAlaprabandhA, ratnamandiragaNinA bhAjaprAnta ane upadezataraMgiNI, jina kRta vastupAlacarita, ane kAnhaDade prabandha tathA vimalaprabandha jevA mesvaMgathI ghaNA samaya pachI lakhAyelA granthA mAhitIne abhAve ghaNe sthaLe mAtra kalpanAvilAse caDhI gayA che; jyAre meruttuMga vAghelAene samakAlIna hatA ane tenA uddeza koi eka pAtranI prazasti gAvA karatAM zrutaparaMparAgata vRttAntA ApavAne vadhAre hatA. eTale zuM aitihAsika vigatAmAM ke zuM rAjakIya ane sAmAjika mAhitInI jhINavaTemAM te khIjA ghaNAka lekhakeA karatAM caDI jAya che; jo ke anya praznadhAtmaka granthAmAMthI paNa samAjazAstranA abhyAsa mATe kharekhara rasaprada evI puSkaLa mAhitI maLI Ave che; parantu A avaleAkana prabandhacintAmaNi paratve ja hAi te TAMkavAne ahIM avakArA nathI. gujarAtanA madhyakAlIna itihAsane lagatA A sauthI upayegI granthanu TIkATippaNIo sAthenuM bhASAntara abhyAsIne ahu madadagAra thai paDaze. phAsa sabhAe e mATe je vidvAnanI pasaMdagI karI te hu ja ceAgya thai che. mULa granthamAMthI jeTalI nakkara hakIkate maLaze te karatAM TippaNIe ane pariziSTomAMthI vadhAre maLaze. lagabhaga cArasA TippaNAmAM anuvAdake je upayukta mAhitIne bhaMDAra bharyAM che--ane jemAM aitihAsika, sAmAjika, sAhityaviSayaka, rAjyakArabhAra saMbadhI, dhArmika e badhI ja vastuene samAveza thayA che--te kharekhara amUlya che, ane tethI ja, zrI jinavijayajInI ke zrI durgAzaMkara zAstrInI pAtAnI saMskRta AvRttie karatAM gUjarAtamAM te anuvAdane ja vadhAre upayega thaze ema mAruM mAnavuM che. e;

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devamandiramAM bhogAsananAM zilpa hindustAnanA je pradezamAM prAcIna kALanAM devAlayo khaMDita athavA akhaMDita svarUpamAM jaLavAI rahyAM che te pradezonuM paribhramaNa karanArane ApaNuM zilpakalA ane sthApatya kayI koTinI uccatAe pahoMcyAM hatAM enI jhAMkhI thAya che. hindanI zilpakalAno uddeza vividha AkRtio ke pratikRtione kalAmaya rIte kevaLa dazyamAna banAvavAnuM nathI, paNa vizvavyApI AtmAnA ekatvanuM darzana karAvavAna che, evuM e viSayanA tajajJonuM eka sAmAnya vidhAna che. prAcIna zilpakalAnI pAchaLa lekapakArakatAne eka hetu jANe-ajANe paNa kArya karI rahyo hato e jaNAI Ave che. atyaMta sUkSma kotaraNI ane e sUkSmatAmAM paNa saLaMgasUtratAnI saphaLa rIte paravaNI e te kalAnI eka viziSTatA che. te eka sAmAnya kathana tarIke, e prAcIna mandirAnI zilpakalA aneka rIte darzanIya hoya che. mAtra dezI nahIM, paNa videzI guNagrAhakee paNa tenI je prazaMsA karI che te e prAphakAlIna siddhio mATe vAjabIpaNe garva laI zakAya evI che. parantu evAM mandiromAM paNa ApaNuM sthApita thaI cUkelI dharmabhAvanA ane nItibhAvanAne vighAtaka lAgatI evI zilpAkRtio ghaNI vAra jovAmAM Ave che. AvI zilpAkRtio te kAmazAstrokta bhogAsananI pratimAo. Aje paNa kalAvidomAM kevaLa nagna zilpAkRtinuM pradarzana lagabhaga sarvasaMmata gaNAya che, paraMtu AvAM AsanonI pratimAo taiyAra karavAno to vicAra paNa kaI bhAgye ja kare. Ama chatAM AzcaryanI

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itihAsanI keDI vAta e che ke je dezano dharma pravartakoe kAmecchAnI bhayaMkaratA ane saMsAratyAganA kalyANapathane upadeza khUba ja bhArapUrvaka karyo che te dezanAM devamandirAmAM AvAM zilpo maLe che. bhogAsananAM zilpa hindanA keI eka prAntanAM ke koI eka dharmanAM mandiramAM ja maLe che evuM nathI. prAyaH sarva prAnta ane sarva dharmanAM mandirAmAM temanuM astitva che. parvato karIne banAvelAM elorAnAM suramandira, jagannAthapurInuM prasiddha mandira, purI pAse bhuvanezvaranAM aneka mandira, purIthI IzAna khUNe covIsa mAIla dUra AveluM koNArkanuM bhArataprasiddha sUryamandira, buMdelakhaMDamAM khajurAhe gAmanAM saMkhyAbaMdha zaiva, vaiSNava ane jaina mandire, vijhAgApaTTamanAM keTalAMka mandira, koyalI parvatamAM AveluM harasiddha mAtAnuM mandira, satArA ane paMDharapura vacce AveluM koTezvaranuM mandira, baMgAlanAM keTalAMka vaiSNava mandiro, nepALamAM pazupatinAthanuM maMdira, mAravADamAM rANakapuranA prasiddha jainamandiranI pAsenA jUnA mandiranuM khaMDera tathA bIjA keTalAMka devAlaya, gUjarAtamAM Abu upara acalezvaranI pAse AvelAM jaina mandire, vastupAla-tejapAle baMdhAvela lUNavasaha, vaDanagaramAM hATakezvaranuM prasiddha mandira, dvArakAmAM dvArakAdhIzanA mandiranI bAjumAM ja AveluM trIkamajInuM maMdira tathA samudrakinAre AveluM rukimaNInuM mandira, dvArakAthI traNeka mAIla dUra AvelA vasaI gAmamAM lagabhaga dasamI sadI jeTalAM prAcIna mandiranAM avazeSo che te paikInuM eka avazeSa, prabhAsapATaNamAM sUryamaMdiranuM 1. okhAmaMDaLanA prAcIna avazeSonA UMDA abhyAsI zrI kalyANarAya jethI A trIkamajInuM maMdira jemAM atyAre vaiSNava pratimA che te mULa sUryanuM mandira haze ema mAne che. trIkama zabda sUryAvAcaka trivinAma parathI Avelo che, te jotAM A anumAna vAstavika lAge che. A mandira mULa trivikramAditya nAmanA sUryanuM hoya ema bane. 88

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devamadiramAM bhegAsanAM zipa khaMDera, mahesANA prAMtanA moTapa gAmamAM agiyAramI sadI jeTaluM prAcIna eka mandiranuM khaMDera, cANasmA pAsenA delamAla gAmamAM jayeSTImala jJAtinI kuLadevI libajA mAtAnuM mandira, nagara gAmamAM suryamaMdiranuM khaMDera, pATaNa pAsenA bhUtiyAvAsaNA gAmamAM mahAdevanuM mandira, siddhapura pAsenA kAMbaLI gAmamAM brahmANI mAtAnuM mandira, kherALu pAsenA mankopura gAmamAM vAva pAsenuM zivamandira, moDherAnuM bhArataprasiddha sUryamaMdira, tAraMgAnA DuMgara uparanuM ajitanAthanuM vikhyAta jaina mandira -ItyAdi sthaLoe bhogAsananAM zilpa maLe che. koI kaI mandirAmAM AvI AkRtio mAtra eka ke be hoya che, jyAre bIjA keTalAMkamAM eka sAthe saMkaDonI saMkhyAmAM AvAM zilpo dekhAya che. koNArka, purI ane moDherAnAM mandiromAM A zilyonI saMkhyA eTalI moTI che ke jevA janAranuM dhyAna sauthI paheluM e tarapha ja dorAya che. jemAM mukhya pratimA virAje che te garbhagRhanI bahAra nRtyamaMDapa athavA sabhAmaMDapamAM tema ja mandiranI bahAranI bAjunI dIvAlo upara ja AvAM zilpo hoya che. moTe bhAge AvI pratimAo khUNA upara najare paDe che, paraMtu madiranI bahAranI dIvAla para kotaravAmAM AvelA "narathara"---jemAM samasta lokalIlAnuM nAnakaDI zilpAkRtiomAM citraNa hoya che temAM paNa te hoya che. dhArmika sthAnomAM AvAM zilpa pahelI najare asaMgata lAgatAM heI aneka vidvAnoe temanI sUcakatA viSe vividha tarka karyA che, tema ja ajJAna lokamAnase paNa nagna AkRtionA nirUpaNathI 2. A uparAMta paNa bIjAM aneka vaNanoMdhAyelAM mandira haze, jemAM A prakAranAM zilpo haze. gayA varSe ja amadAvAda myunisipAliTIe kecaraba gAma pAsenA TekarA rasto banAvavA mATe dAvyA hatA, temAMthI bIjA avaze sAthe AsananA zilpavALo eka patthara paNa maLI Avyo hata, te koI prAcIna mandirano haze. mandira smArta hatuM ema AjubAjunI bIjI mUrtio uparathI mAnavA kAraNa che.

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itihAsanI keDI camakIne tenI kapolakalpita samajatIo ApavAnA prayAso karyA che. A prakAranI je samajUtIo bahAra AvI che tenuM ahIM anukrame parIkSaNa karIe. (1) sUryanAM mandirAmAM bhogAsananAM zilpanI bahulatA joIne jANItA kalAvida De. kumArasvAmIe temAM sUryanI jIvanazakti ApanAra devatA tarIkenI zaktinuM nirUpaNa thayuM hovAnI kalpanA karI che. paraMtu jaina, zaiva tema ja vaiSNava mandirAmAM paNa, ApaNe AgaLa joI gayA tema, AsanonAM zilpa che, te dhyAnamAM letAM A samajatI pUratI vyApaka nathI e mAluma paDaze. vaLI kAThiyAvADamAM thAnamAM tathA porabaMdara pAsenA zrInagaramAM prAcIna sUryamandiro che, paNa temAM AvAM zilpa muddala nathI, ema te mandironuM avalokana karanAra zrI bhagavAnalAla mAMkaDa mane tA. 24-8-39nA patramAM lakhI jaNAve che. eTale jIvanazaktidAtA sUryane mahimA A prakAranAM zimAM pratibiMbita karavAmAM Avyo hovAnI kalpanA vAstavika lAgatI nathI. 3. paraMtu sva. rAkhAladAsa benarajI jevA vidvAne "The presence of indecent figures on religious edifices is still a puzzle" (vide History of Orissa, Vol. II, pp. 400) ema lakhIne A badhI samajUtIo saMpUrNa rIte santoSakAraka nahIM hovAno paryAye svIkAra 4. koNArkanA sUryamaMdiramAM bhogAsanonI bahulatA viSe lakhatAM teo jaNAve che: "The temple was dedicated to the Sun, and closely connected with cults of Visnu...... Much of the sculpture may be described as a detailed illustration of the Kama Sastra. This rich external decoration reflects the life of the world and the energizing power of the Sun" ----Introduction to Indian Art, pp. 86-87.

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devamandirAmAM bhegAsanenAM zilpa (2) bhegAsanonAM zi95 gabhArAnI bahAra sabhAmaMDapamAM tema ja maMdiranI bahAranI bAjue dIvAlo upara ja hoya che. A uparathI ema mAnavAmAM Ave che ke darzane AvanArAonAM citta AvAM zilpA joine calAyamAna na thAya te ja temane devadarzanano adhikAra prApta thAya che, arthAta vikArata sati vijayanta pAna vetAMtti 7 gva pIra e prakAranuM parIkSaNa A zidvArA thaI jAya che. paraMtu A te eka laukika mAnyatA lAge che. azlIla gaNAtAM zilpanI mULabhUta sucakatA upara tethI kaMI prakAza paDato nathI. (3) evI paNa eka mAnyatA che ke je prAsAda agara mandiramAM azlIla zilpa hoya tenA upara vIjaLI paDatI nathI temaja tene dRSTidoSa lAgato nathI. A mata paNa azlIla 4. "They say it is to ward off evil spirits and protect structure against lightning, cyclone or dire visitations of nature. A pilgrim whose mind does not become affected at the sight of these obscene figures is spiritually fitted to enter into the sanctum and see the image of the deity"Mon Mohan Gangooly: Orissa and Her Remains, pp. 227-28. 6. A saMbaMdhamAM muni jayantavijayajIkRta "Abu " nI prastAvanA (pR. 26-27)nuM nIcenuM avataraNa tapAse-- delavADAnAM A mandirAmAM ekAda be sthaLe strI athavA puruSanI sAva nagna mUtio paNa kotarelI jaNAya che. AvI mUrtio jotAM keTalAka evI kalpanA kare che ke bauddha, zAkta, kaula ane vAmamAgI vagere matonI jema jaina matamAM paNa koI vAra tAtrika vidyAne vadhAre pracAra haze. paraMtu e kalpanA bilakula asthAne che. ame A viSaya upara lAMbA vakhata sudhI cIvaTapUrvaka tapAsa karI che. tene pariNAme keTalAka zilpazAstranA

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itihAsanI keDI zilpanI mULa sUcakatA nahIM;samajavAne kAraNe yenakena prakAreNa tenuM aucitya ghaTAvavAnA leAkamAnasanA vahemI prayatnamAMthI udbhavelA che. zilpanA kAipaNa graMthamAM tene ullekha nathI. eka ja mandiramAMnAM phUDIbadha zilpA pAchaLa mAtra ATalA ane AvA uddeza hAya ema mAnavu ja muzkela che. jo ema ja heta te aniSTa TALavA mATe mAtra eka zilpa basa hatuM. alabata, pAchaLathI A vahema dRDhamUla banI gayelA tenI nA nahIM. keTaleka sthaLe devamandira sivAyanI bIjI jAhera jagAee paNa AvuM ekAda zilpa gaThavI devAmAM Ave che. udAharaNa tarIke, vaDanagara ane mahesANAmAM cabUtarA upara, vaDhavANasITImAM ziyANInI pALanA tAraNa upara tathA pATaNamAM kALakA mAtAnA mandiramAMnI vAvamAM AvuM ekeka zilpa che. sva. rAkhAladAsa enarajI noMdhe pAkA anubhavIethI ema jaNAyu che ke zilpazAstranA evA niyama che ke AvAM meTAM minhAmAM ekAda nagna mUrti avasya khatAvavAmAM Ave che. tema karavAthI e maMdira upara vIjaLI nathI paDatI. A kAraNathI mAlikanI dRSTi ceArAvAne paNa kArIgarA ekAda pUtaLI sAva nagna jarUra mUke che. zilpazAstrane AvA niyama hoya ke na heAya athavA tema karavAthI vIjaLIthI bacAva thatA hoya ke na hoya, paraMtu paraMparAthI AvI zraddhA cAlatI hAya e khanavA dvega che. << "bIjI e paNa kalpanA karI zakAya che ke kAi dRSTivikArI manuSya madiramAM naya te tenA dRSTideAthI maMdirane nukasAna thAya, AvA prakArane vahema DhALavAne mATe ekAda nagna mUrti maMdiramAM koi sthaLe lagAvI devAmAM ke kAtaravAmAM AvatI hoya, arthAt koi paradharma ahiSNu-harSyALu irSyAthI madirane jotAM AkarI tIvra dRSTi pheke, enAthI maMdirane nukasAna thavA sabhava rahe, paraMtu pelI nagna mUrtine dekhatAM pelI IrSyAjanya krUra dRSTi khaTTalAi jAya, ane bIjA badhA vicAro mUkI te ene levAmAM lIna banI jAya, eTale enI krUra bhAvanAvALI daSTinI asara maMdira upara na rahe. AvuM paNa kaMika kAraNa hoya. "" ra

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devamandirAmAM bhegAsanAnAM zilpa che ke baMgALI vaiSNavAnA lAkaDAnA ane dhAtunA banAvelA rathe| upara suze|bhana mATe AvI kAtaraNI hajI paNa karavAmAM Ave che. murzidAbAda jillAmAM kuMjaghATanA jamInadAreAnA rathA upara nAnapaNamAM Avu zilpa joyAnuM tee jaNAve che. atyAre paNa keTalAka jUnI patinA kArIgarA makAnanA rakSaNa mATe kAi khUNApaDatA sthaLe AvI ekAda mUrti geAAvI devAnu iSTa mAne che. (4) je mandirAmAM azlIla zilpAkRtio maLe che te mULa zAkta saMpradAyanAM hovAnI mAnyatA eka jANItA vidvAne vAtacItamAM jaNAvelI.8 parantu A lekhanA trIjA peregrAphamAM je mandirAnI noMdha che te sarva agAu zAkta saMpradAyanAM hatAM ema kA paNa kahI zake tema nathI, eTale A matanI azAstrIyatA svataHsiddha che. ( 5 ) bIjI eka laukika mAnyatA viSe eka mitre patradrArA jANa karelI. te mAnyatA evI che ke jyAre leAkA jaina ane bauddha dharmAMnA vastra nIce AvIne saMsAravirakata banatA hatA tyAre temane pAchA saMsAra tarapha kheMcavA mATe caitra ane vaiSNava AcAryoe mandiramAM bhegAsanenAM zilpAne sthAna ApavAnA upadeza karele haze. A mAnyatA paNa ajJAna chatAM phaLadrupa evA bahujanasamAjanA mAnasanI pedAza che, eTale e viSe vizeSa kaMi lakhavAnI jarUra rahetI nathI. e mAnyatAne vAstavika gaNIe teAye jaina mandirAmAM paNa bhAgAsaneAnAM zilpa maLe che tene khulAsA kayI rIte meLavI zakAya ? ( 6 ) AvAM zilpAnI azlIlatAthI cAMkIne keTalA evu 7. History of Orissa, Vol. II, pp. 401. 8. A matanA likhita ullekha mATe Ti. 6 mAM ApelA avataraNane pahelA peregrApha jIe. a

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itihAsanI keDI bhUlabhareluM vidhAna bAMdhI de che ke e kALe ApaNA dezanA lokonuM naitika gheraNa zithila hatuM-te aitihAsika buddhinI pratAraNe samAna che. eka mitre paNa A saMbaMdhamAM AvI ja zaMkA vyakta karelI. paraMtu naitika dharaNanI vAta karanAre e samajavuM joIe ke kAgaDA to dareka yugamAM kALA ne kALA ja rahyA che, eTale AvAM zi joIne prAcIna bhAratanA loko upara naitika zithilatAne Aropa mUkevo te karatAM aucityabhAvanA, rasavRtti ane dhArmika mAnyatAonAM atyAra karatAM judAM ja dhoraNe e kALamAM kalpavAM e e zuM ucita nathI? (7) A uparAMta, judAM judAM devamaMdiromAMnAM zilponA viSayamAM keTalIka sthAnika mAnyatAo paNa che. buMdelakhaMDamAM khajarA gAmanAM mandiromAM bhogAsanonAM zilpo che. e saMbaMdhI sthAnika lokokti evI che ke hemavatI nAme eka strIe caMdramA sAthe kaMIka durvartana karyuM hatuM, paNa tenA prAyazcittarUpe pAchaLathI teNe eka yajJa karyo ane potAnAM duSkarmonuM jagatamAM pradarzana karAvanArI pratimAo devAlayomAM banAvarAvI.10 jagannAthanA suprasiddha mandiramAM azlIla pratimAo &."........... The sight of such figures representing various scenes of voluptuousness is puzzling and nauseat; ing. One is at a loss to understand why they have a place at all within the sacred enclosure. Not being able to account for this anomaly, one is surely to be led to the pitfall of an erroneous conclusion that the artist who designed these ornaments to decorate the outer walls of a temple must have belonged to a race most morally depraved and vicious......"-Orissa and Her Remains, pp. 228. 10. nAgarI pracAriNa patrikA, varSa 43, pR. 180-81.

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devamadiromAM bhegAsananAM zi95 joIne yAtrI kaMI kaMI taka karavA lAge che tyAM tene kahevAmAM Ave che ke A citro kaliyugamAM thatA vyavahAranuM darzana karAvavA mATe doravAmAM AvyAM che athavA koI strIne nagnAvasthAmAM joI hoya to A zilponA darzanathI tenuM prAyazcitta thaI jAya che. keTalAka e paNa khulAso Ape che ke A saMsAramAM dharma, artha, kAma ane mekSa e cAre puruSArtho vAMchanIya che. rAmezvara dharmane mATe, dvArakA arthane mATe, jagannAtha kAmane mATe ane badarikAzrama mokSane mATe ArAdhanA karavAnuM dhAma che. bIjA keTalAkanA mata mujaba, A. prakAranAM zilpo vAmamArgane avazeSarUpa che.11 paraMtu A badhI mAnyatAomAM kaMI tathya mAluma paDatuM nathI, kemake anyatra te ghaTAvI zakAya tema nathI. te have prazna e che ke bhogAsananA zilpanI kharekharI sUcaktA ziI hoI zake ? AzcaryanI vAta che ke lagabhaga badhA ja vidvAnoe A viSayane yo-na je karIne pAcho aMdhakAramAM haDaselI lIdho che, paNa tethI ulaTuM zaMkAnuM samAdhAna thavAne badale, AgaLa batAvyuM tema, ApaNI saMskRti ane kalA viSe bhaLatI ja mAnyatAone uddabhavane eka prakAre vega maLe che.12 AvAM zilponA saMbaMdhamAM zilpazAstranA mULa granthamAM kaMI vidhAna che kharAM ke nahIM, te jovAnI taskI te keAIe lIdhI ja nathI. e grantha tapAsatAM je kaMI ullekha maLyA che te uparathI prastuta zilponI sUcakatA zI hoI zake te samajAvavAno mAro IrAdo che. A saMbaMdhamAM nirNaya para AvatAM pahelAM zilpagranthomAMnA ullekhone yogya anukramamAM ApaNe tapAsI joIe. 11. nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, varSa 43, pR. 181. 12. AvI ja rIte atyAre keTalAMka maMdiramAMnAM A prakAranAM zilpa upara DAmara copaDavAmAM Ave che, paNa ethI to lokonuM dhyAna e tarapha vizeSa kheMcAya che!

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ItihAsanI keDI bhAratIya kalAno uddeza vyaktigata saundarya batAvavA karatAM vizvavyApI AtmAnAM vividha svarUponuM darzana karAvavAne vizeSa aMze che, te ApaNe A lekhanA AraMbhamAM joI gayA. vizvavyApI AtmAnAM vividha svarUpanuM darzana lokalIlA darzAvavAthI-jagatanA sarva vyApAranuM nirUpaNa karavAthI thaI zake. AvuM nirUpaNa karavAnuM spaSTa vidhAna zilpazAstranA granthomAM che. viSNudharmottara purANano tRtIya khaMDa e zilpazAstra ane citrakalAnA prApya grantha paikI sauthI prAcIna che.13 enA je adhyAyamAM citrakalAnuM nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che te "citrasUtra'nA nAmathI oLakhAya che. viSNudharmottaranA trIjA khaMDanA 43 mA adhyAyamAM citranI aMdara deva, nRpa, RSi, gAndharva, daitya, dAnavAdinAM citra doravAnuM vidhAna karatAM purANakAra lakhe che - nAnAsatvamakhA : kAryA devatAnAM tathA gaNA: / nAnAvezA mahArAja nAnAyudhadharAstathA // nAnAkrIDAprasaktAzca . nAnAkarmakarAstathA / ekarUpAstu kartavyA vaiSNavAnAntathA gaNA : // 13. viSNudharmottara purANu e viSNupurANanA pariziSTa rUpe che. tene samaya vahelAmAM vahelo isavI sananI pAMcamI sadI sudhI laI jaI zakAya. paraMtu emAMnuM citrasUtra'IsavI sananI sAtamI sadImAM--ajantAnI citrakalAnA kALamAM ja racAyuM hovAnuM prastuta tRtIya khaMDanAM aMgrejI anuvAdaka mIsa sTelA kAmarIza mAne che (Vishnudharmottara, Part III Translation : Introduction, pp. 4). citrasUtranA keTalAka bhAgane gUjarAtI anuvAda gata "purAtattva" naimAsikanA cothA pustakamAM zrI rasikalAla choTAlAla parIkha tathA zrI rAmanArAyaNa pAThake Aye hato.

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devamandirAmAM bhAgAsanAnAM zilpa tatrApi teSAM kartavyA bhedAzcatvAra eva ca / vAsudevasamA kAryA vAsudevagaNA : zubhA : // saMkarSaNena sadRzAstadgaNAzca tathA pradyumnenAniruddhena tadgaNA : tatprabhAvA : smRtA: sarve tadAyudhadharAstathA / nIlotpaladalazyAmAzcandrazubhrAstathaiva ca // tathA marakatAkArA : sindUrasadRzaprabhAH / rUcakasya tu mAnena vezyA : kAryAstathA striya : # vezyAnAmuddhataM vezaM kAryaM zRGgArasaMmatam / mAlavyAmAnata : kAryA lajjAvatya: kulatriyaH // smRtA : I sadRzAstathA // nAtyunnatena daityadAnavayakSANAM rAkSasAnAM vezena sAlaGkArAstathaiva ca / tathaiva nca // rUpavatyastathA kAryA : patnyo manujasattama / mAtara: svena rUpeNa tathA kAryA narAdhipa / pizAcAnAM ca patnyo'pi kAryAstadrUpasaMyutAH / vibhartRkAstu kartavyAstriya : palitasaMyutAH // sarvAlaMkAra varjitA : / zuvastraparidhAnA : kubjA vAmanikA, vRddhA tathA rUpavatI bhavet // * * * - viSNudharmottara, tRtIya khaMDa adhyAya 43, 3 18-28 me 4 adhyAyabhAM bhAgaNa dezavizeSa, vyasana, zayana, yAna, veza, saritA, sAgara, zaikSa, zimara, dvIpa, bhUmaMDala, zaMbha, padma, nidhi, thandra, nakSatra, rAtri tyAdinu citramAM kema Alekhana karavu e 87

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ItihAsanI keDI batAvela che; tathA nagaranA Alekhanane prakAra darzAvatAM purANakAra samecha: sacandragrahanakSatrAM tathA darzitalaukikAm / AsannataskarAM rAtriM darzayet suptamAnavAm // prAgrAtre darzayet tatra tathA caivAbhisArikAm / sAruNo mlAnadIpazca pratyUSo rutakukkuTa H // prahRSTanaranArIkaM vasantaM ca pradarzayet / kAntai H kArya : naraigrISmaM mRgai chAyAgataistathA // rasabhAvAzca kartavyA yathApUrvamudAhRtAH / yathAyogaM tu yuJjIta nRttAbhihitamatra ca // iti vilakSaNabuddhivikalpitaiH karaNakAntivilAsarasAdimiH / likhitamIkSaNalocanamAdarAdbhavati citramabhIpsitakAmadam // -viSNudharmottara, tRtIya 57, 2adhyAya 43, 4 18-84 citramAM lokalIlAnuM darzana karAvavAnuM ja purANakAranuM vidhAna che, me 25STa cha. zilpazAstranA bhIga se mAnya anya shikss5ratna'mAM14 paNa A ja AzayanuM kathana che :- evaM sarva vimAnAni gopurAdIni vA punaH / ... manoharataraM kuryAnnAnAcitravicitritam // 14. 'ziparatna' trivendra sarata sirImA prasiddha thayera che. tenA rtAnuM nAma zrI kumAra che. A grantha dakSiNa hindustAnamAM soLamA saikAmAM syAye che. (juTI. gaNapatizAstrInI prastAvanA, pR. 2).

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devamadiromAM bhegAsanenAM zilpa jaGgamA vA sthAvarA vA ye santi bhuvanapraye / tattatsvabhAvasteSAM karaNaM citramucyate // -zilparatna, adhyAya 46, loka 1-2 have, citramAM-zilpamAM lokalIlAnuM nirUpaNa thAya kayI rIte? ene khulAso paNa zilpanA granthAmAMthI maLI rahe che. - lokamAtranI pravRtti dharma, artha, kAma ane mokSa e cAra puruSArthanA keI ne koI prakAre sevanamAM hoya che; ane manuSyamAtranI pravRttine samAveza e cAra puruSArthanA cokaThAmAM thavo joIe, evI ApaNe paraMparAgata mAnyatA che. emAM pahelA traNa puruSArthonuM sevana carama puruSArtha je mokSa che tenI prApti arthe che, ane mekSanI prAptimAM sahAyabhUta thAya teTale ja aMze dharmAdi trivarganI ISTatA manAya che. tyAgAya saMbhRtArthAnAM satyAya mitabhASiNAm / yazase vijigISUNAM prajAyai gRhamedhinAm // zezave'bhyastavidyAnAM yauvane * viSayaiSiNAm / vArddhake munivRttInAM yogenAnte tanutyajAm // evA radhunA Adarza vaMzajone kAvyamaya ItihAsa mahAkavi kAlidAsa varNave che, paNa jIvananA sarva anubhavo mANane aMte yogathI tanuno tyAga karavAne Adarza te sarve saMskArI bhAratavAsIono hato. jIvananAM sarva aMgomAM spaSTatA ane vizadatA e prAcIna bhAratanI saMskAritAnuM eka viziSTa aMga che. kAmazAstranA saMskRta granthamAM paNa je nirdabha spaSTatA che te Ano javalaMta pUrAvo che. kAma e paNa eka puruSArtha che, ane ApaNuM paraMparAgata Adarza anusAra carama puruSArtha mekSanI prAptinA prayatnamAM tenuM cokakasa sthAna che, te tenuM yathArtha nirUpaNa karavAmAM saMkoca zA mATe? e prakAranI

Page #109
itihAsanI keDI mAnyatA prAcIneAnI hatI. sRSTikramane jarAye halakA khyAla prAcIne jhe bAMdhyA nathI. tema ja AMdhelA khyAlane vyakta karavAmAM nirarthaka dAMbhi ceAkhaliyApaNAne jarAye sthAna ApyuM nathI. bhagavAna zrIkRSNa gItAmAM kahe che ke dharmAvindva :: dAmo'sma / arthAt dharmAMthI aviruddha eve! kAma huM chuM. kAmazAstranA eka lekhaka jaNAve che ke satvopavAraparama himamAtrapUnA / arthAt mArI pravRtti prANImAtranA hita mATe che; ane tethI ja bIjo eka lekhaka kahe che ke yudhaviSayA na dudRSTimin arthAt AvA hitanA viSaya pratye sujJAe kudRSTi rAkhavI nahIM. vyavahAra game te he, paNa Adarza Ave! hatA, eTale dharma, kAma ityAdi puruSArthonuM Alekhana devamandirAmAM karavuM evuM vidhAna zilpazAstranA granthAmAM che; ane pariNAme je AsanAnuM varNana kAmazAstranA granthAmAM che te ja AsanA kAmapuruSArthanA nirUpaNa dAkhala devamandirAmAM banAvavAmAM Ave te temAM kaMi Azcaya jevu nathI.15 A daSTie, dharmAdi puruSArthInuM Alekhana kyAM ane kema karavuM e darzAvatAM, zilpazAstranAM nIcenAM kathanA tapAsavA jevAM che:praasaadbhittivistaar tulyaM vArdhatripAdakam / antarAlasya bhittestu vyAsaM syAnmaNDape tathA // kUTa koSThAdiyuktaM vA hInaM vA mukhamaNDape / trivargasahitaM vApi toraNAdyairvicitritam // ekAnekatalaM vApi kartavyaM mukhamaNDapam / X X X --zilparana, adhyAya 39, zlAka: 11-13 15. A samagra kathana sAthe sarakhAvA nIcene zloka:~~~ dharmArthakAmA : samameva sevyA yo hyekasaktaH sa naro jaghanyaH / dvayostu dAkSyaM pravadanti madhyaM sa uttamo yo niratastrivarge // : 100

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devasandirAmAM bhegAsanAnAM zilpa puruSArthayutaM evaM karNamAnamudIritam / tricaturapaJcaSaTsaptacASTanADyakanADikA // ekaM tu bhArayuktaM syAt kSudre tu dvayameva vA / mukha pRSThe nAyabambaM kuryAduktaM vizAladhI : // citrAbhAsaM punasteSAmekamArgaM samAzrayet / bahirantazca sarveSAM yatra yuJjIta sarvataH // sumaGgalakathopetaM mantramUrtya disaMyutam / x dakSiNena gaNezAnaM uttare nRttarUpiNam / kSetrezaM caiva cezAnAM dvAre tad dvArapAlakam // IzAvatArakrIDAdikathArUpANi caiva hi / mUlabhittau ca parito vinyaseduktalakSaNam // X X - ziyaratna, adhyAya 46, 8-8 devAnAM ca dvijAnAM ca vAsayogyaM sanAtanam / bahirantazca sarveSAM chatraM yuJjIta buddhimAn / sumaGgalakathopetaM zraddhAnRttakriyAnvitam // -thazAstra zilparatnAkara yata keTalAMka mandirAnAM zilpamAM te cAre puruSArthonuM Alekhana khUba ja vyavasthita rIte thayeluM heAya che. emAM mandiranA rathanA cAra bhAga pADelA hAya che. temAM sauthI nIce peAtAnI hajAra kRSNAe upara samagra pRthvInA bhArane vahana karatA AdizeSanuM Alekhana heAya che. ahIM AdizeSa e dharma puruSArthanA pratIka tarIke rajU thAya che. tenI 101

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itihAsanI keDI upara lagnavidhi athavA prAcIna kALanA rAjAonA saMgrAma ane vigrahanuM Alekhana hoya che, te arthapuruSArthanI bhAvanA rajU kare che. tenI uparanA trIjA bhAgamAM kAmazAstrokta Asano, nRtya ane vilAsaceSTAonuM Alekhana hoya che, te kAmapuruSArthanI bhAvanAne vyakta kare che. ane sauthI upara RSio, siddho ane gIonI pratimAo hoya che, te sarvocca puruSArtha mekSanI bhAvanAne mUrtimaMta kare che. 16 alabatta, Avo krama badhAM mandiranAM zilpomAM jaLavAyelo nathI, chatAM devamandirAmAM bhogAsananAM zilpa yojavAmAM kayI bhAvanA kAma karI rahI hatI, e to te samucita rIte batAvI jAya che. zaMgArahAsyAdi navarasomAM paNa lokaprivRtti mUrtimaMta thAya che. eTale zilpana granthamAM navarasanA nirUpaNane paNa sthAna ApavAmAM AveluM che ane kayA rasanuM Alekhana kyAM karavuM e viSe niyama racelA che. emAM devamandiremAM sarve rasenuM Alekhana karavuM ema batAveluM che, e uparathI samasta lokalIlAne devamandiromAM AlekhavAnI bhAvanA kAma karI rahI hatI, ema A lekhamAM agAu jaNAveluM che, te kathanane puSTi maLe che. 17 juo- 15. Dr. R. Shama Shastry: Significance of Temple Architecture ( Proceedings and transactions of the seventh All India Oriental Conference, Baroda, 1933, pp. 781). 17. ahIM eka anuvAdAtmaka muddo noMdhavAnuM mana thAya che. prAcIna kALanAM maMdira e atyAranI jema rUDhijaDa ghArmika sthAne nahotAM. samasta lokasamAjanI vividha pravRttionAM mahattvanAM-ane kadAca ekalAM je-evAM e kendrasthAna hatAM. itihAsanA AraMbhakALamAM najara karIe to pustakAlaya, ajAyabadhara ane davAkhAnuM e traNenuM kAma karavAne mathana karatAM maMdire najare paDaze. paraMtu itihAsa TharIne ThAma thayo tyAra pachIye maMdiranuM lokajIvanamAM jevuM tevuM sthAna nahotuM. doDadhAmaviheNuM e yugamAM maMdira AnaMdavinodanI mukhya jagA hatI. tyAM garbhadvAramAM virAjelA devane prasanna 102

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devamandirAmAM bhegAsanAnAM zilpa mArkaNDeya uvAca / zRGgArahAsyakaruNavIra raudrabhayAnakAH / bIbhatsAdbhutazAntAzca nava citrarasAH smRtAH // tatra yatkAnti lAvaNyale khAmAdhurya sundaram / vidagdhavezAbharaNaM zRGgAre tu rase bhavet // x X X zRGgArahAsyazAntyAkhyA lekhanIyA gRheSu te // parazeSA na kartavyA: kadAcidapi kasyacit / devavezmani kartavyA: rasAH sarve nRpAlaye // karavAne bahAne devadAsIe ane nartikA bhaktasamUhane rIjhavatI, madiramAM nATaka bhajavAtAM ane bhavAie thatI, meLA bharAtA ane yAtrAmahAtsave ujavAtA, devadevIonI vagAMTha eka prakAranI paNI banI rahetI, navapariNItAne devanI amIdraSTi cAcavA javuM paDatuM. devamaMdira e premIonu saMskRtasthAna paNa hatuM. keTalAMye tArAmaitrako tyAM racAyAM haze evuM anumAna karavAne prAcIna sAhitya ApaNane prere che. mAtra ATaluMja nahi, zAstracarcAe paNa, rAjadarabArAnI jema, madirAmAM thatI, yajJayAgAdi, harikIna ane pUjAe Amavargane AkatAM, dezaparadezanA samAcAra tyAMthI badhe phelAtA, dakSiNa hindamAM tA meTAM antare paNa maMdiranA paTAMgaNamAM ja hoya che, ane sthaLesthaLe najare paDatI puSkariNIo ane garuDatabhA bhAvikAnA saMtApa hare che. Ama samasta leAlIlAnA--zuMgArAdi nave raseAnA Alekhana mATe prAcIna kALanu maMdira e sauthI samucita sthAna hatu'. ane e Alekhana sAmAnya rIte eTaluM AhalAdaka hoya che ke ekAda jUnA maMdiranuM verAna vacce UbheluM khaMDera paNa tenI vividhapravRttigraMthI zilpasamRddhidvArA ekalatA ane avasAdanA e sthaLe lagabhaga anivA gaNAya evA-anubhavamAMthI ApaNane ugArI le che. prAcIna kALanA maMdiramAMnI lAkSaNika pravRttionI kavittvamaya jhAMkhI karavA icchanAre AcArya hemacaMdranA ziSya rAmacaMdranuM ' kumAravihAraprazasti ' kAnya vAMcavA jevu che. 103

Page #113
itihAsanI keDI rAjavezmani no kAryA rAjJAM vAsagRheSu te / sabhAvezmasu kartavyA rAjJAM sarvarasA gRhe // varjayitvA sabhAM rAjJo devavezma tathaiva ca / yuddhasmazAnakaruNAmRtaduHkhArta kutsitAn // amaGgalyAMzca na likhetkadAcidapi vezmasu / nidhizRGgAnvRSAn rAjabhiH vihastAnnatAMgajAn // - viSNudharmottara, tRtIya aeNDa, adhyAya 43, soDa 1-15 rasAnAmasya ( ? tha ) vakSyAmo dRSTInAM ( vei ? ) lakSaNam / tadAyattA yatazcitre bhAvavyakti: prajAyate // zRGgArahAsyakaruNAraudrapreyobhayAnakA : / vIra ( pratyakSAso ? ) ca bIbhatsAdbhutastathA // ityete citrasaMyoge rasAH proktA: salakSaNA : / mAnuSANi puraskRtya sarvasattveSu yojayet // --samarAMgaNa sUtradhAra, adhyAya 82, 13 vaLI keTalAka granthAmAM evuM vidhAna che ke nagna AkRtie gRhasthAnAM gharamAM na banAvavI. A uparathI paryAye evuM phalita thAya che ke devamandirezamAM te banAvavAnu vihita hatuM. jIe X saMgrAmaM maraNaM dukhaM devAsurakathAstvapi // nanaM tapasvilIlAM ca na kuryAnmAnuSAlaye / bhityAdau tatra lekhyaM syAccitraM citratarAkRti: // gRhe na rAmAyaNabhAratAhava - zisyaratna, adhyAya 49, 23 8-10 citraM kRpANAhavamindrajAlakam / 104 X

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devadarAmAM bhAgAsanAnAM zilpa ziloccayAraNyamayaM sadAsuraM bhISmaM kRtAkrandanaraM tvanambaram // varAhazArdUlazivA pradAkavo gRdhrAbhidholUkakapotavAyasAH / sazyena godhAdibakAdipatriNo vicitritA no zaraNe zubhAvahAH // --vAsturatnAkara, gRheApakaraNaprakaraNa, zlAka 77-78 A pramANe ApaNe joyuM ke bhegAsanAnAM zilpA zAstravihita che. agAu darzAvyuM che tema, mandiranAM zilpamAM samagra leAkalIlA nirUpavAna prAcInAne uddeza hate. jIvananI vividha pravRttienuM Alekhana e zilpamAM karIne garbhadvAramAM virAjelA devane samarpavAmAM AveluM heAya che. jIvananI pratyeka pravRttimAM eka yA bIjI rIte paramAtmAnI icchA vA zakti kArya karI rahelI heAya che; eTale zilpamAM jIvananA krAi eka pAsAnuM Alekhana karavAnuM bAkI rAkhavuM te sarvAMsaMcAlaka paramAtmAnI zaktinA aMzataH asvIkAra karavA barAbara gaNAya. AthI ja hindI zilpakalA devamandirAmAM dharma, artha, kAma ane mekSapuruSArthonuM nirUpaNa karavA chatAM, emAMnA pratyekanA nirUpaNane gauNatA arpIne, te dvArA vizvanI vividhatAmAM ekatAnu darzana karAve che tathA hindI kalAnuM mULabhUta gurusUtra kayuM che, te pratyakSa karI batAve che. Aje je zilpAne badalAyelI rasavRtti ke aucitya bhAvanAne kAraNe hIna ane adhama mAnavAmAM Ave che te eka kALe tA bhAratIya saMskRtinA aMtima Adarza sAthe susaMgata evI eka jIvanardiSTamAMthI udbhavelAM hatAM. enA udbhavanAM kAraNeA krAi TaMga vahemAmAM zeAdhavAnI jarUra nathI tema je kALamAM e zilpA banyAM te kALa upara naitika zithilatAnA Arepa mUkavAnI paNa Avazyakata nathI, kemake enuM mULa zuddha A jIvanadiSTamAM che. alabatta, Aje 105

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itihAsanI keDI e prakAranAM zilpA ghaNAkane ApaNI kalA upara coMTelA eka kalaka samAM lAge che emAM kaMi Azcarya nathI. parantu e sajjatAe A vastunuM jarA sApekSa dRSTie avalAkana karavuM joie. hA, A prakAranAM zilpe! Aje kASTha banAve te tene eka mATu aniSTa ja lekhavuM joie, paNa bhUtakALanA judA vAtAvaraNamAM e je banyAM che te pUrvagraharahita daSTie enuM kharUM adana karavuM ane karAvavuM e pratyeka purAviMda ane kalArasikanI pharaja che. kalAnI ane rasikatAnI bhAvanA yugeyuge badalAtI AvI che ane temAMye pAzcAtya saMparkane kAraNe chellA gheADAka dasakAemAM ApaNI rasavRttimAM jabbara pheraphAra thayA che, e kAie paNa svIkAravuM ja paDaze. ane chatAMye prAcIna vastuone paNa ApaNe arvAcIna kATalAMthI teALavAne taiyAra thaizuM te pariNAme kalAnA vivecanane nAme eka prakAranI saMkaratA ja UbhI thaze. eka ja udAharaNa tarIke, kavikulaguru phAlidAsanAM keTalAMka padyone gUjarAtI gadyamAM utAratAM saMskRta sAhityanA game tevA premIne paNa sakAca thaze ane saMskRtamAM ziSTamAnya evAM bIjA aneka kAvyAne gUjarAtI gadyamAM te zuM, padyamAM utAratAMye vicAra thai paDaze, tethI ekRtiene ApaNe adhama gaNIzu kharA ? vastutaH nahIM ja. prAcIna zilpakalAnuM aitihAsika avaleAkana paNa Ama sApekSa diSTae ja thavu joie. bhAgAsanAnAM zilpo hindanA sa` prAntAmAM ane sarva dharmonAM midAmAM maLe che, eTale uTa'ga kalpanAe sAthe tenA udbhava bheLavI:devAthI nahIM cAle. samagra zilpakalAnI sAthe tenA udbhava paNa A jIvanadRSTimAM khALavA joie; naitika zithilatAnA AkSepane vagara joye svIkAra karI levA e teA sArIye A saMskRtinI hInatAne svIkAra karavA barAbara che. AthI ja, A viSayanA aitihAsika daSTibindue sAMgApAMga vicAra karavAnuM vInavatAM nAgarasasvam "nA kartAnA zabdomAM ja huM kahIza ke dhRviSayA na kudRSTirasmin / 6 106

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kAmadevanI mUcha kAmadevane mUcha hoya ke nahIM ?' e prazna bhAre carcAno viSaya thaI paDyo che. amadAvAdanA TAuna helamAM keTalAka samaya pahelA eka nRtyasamAraMbha yojAyo hato, ane emAM madananRtyamAM madanane mUchovALo batAvavAmAM Avyo hato. eka sthAnika mAsika patramAM A sAme TIkA prakaTa thaI hatI, tyArathI A paranI carcAne AraMbha thayo che. A prazna ramUjI, AkarSaka ane rasika havA sAthe saMzodhanavRttine jarAka saLavaLAve evo paNa che, eTale e viSenA thoDAka chuTA vicAre ahIM rajU karyA che. kAmadevane mUcho hoya ke nahIM?" evo savAla keInI paNa AgaLa rajU karatAM pahelo javAba "nA" maLaze. pazcimanI purANakathAnA AMdhaLA bALaka Cupidne anulakSIne ja Avo javAba apAya che, tenI khAtarI eka karatAM vadhu mitrone prazna pUchIne meM karI che. paraMtu ApaNuM prAcInoe kalpelo "kAmadeva" te pukhta vayano ciyuvAna puruSa che, eTale kudaratI rIte tene mUcha UgavI to joIe ja. purANamAM ane saMskRta sAhityamAM kAmadevanAM aneka varNana Ave che, paNa kayAM ya kAmadevanI mUchono ullekha sarakho nathI. ema to bIjA koI devanI mUchano ullekha paNa kyAM ya maLato nathI, paraMtu eTalA uparathI ja e sarve devone namUchiyA banAvI devA, e tArkika daSTie khoTuM che. A savAla upara sAhitya ApaNane jhAjhI madada kare ema nathI. eTale citrakaLA ane zilpakaLAnuM zaraNa ApaNe levuM paDaze. 107

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itihAsanI keDI ajaMtAnI citrakaLA e hindI citrakaLAnA sauthI prAcIna namUnAo paikInI che. eno samaya IsavI sananI pAMcamI sadIthI AThamI sadI sudhIno mukAya che. emAM mukhyatve bhagavAna buddhanA jIvanaprasaMgone athavA jAtakakathAone raMgarekhAMkita karavAmAM Avela che. e citramAM sAmAnya rIte devI ane ucca mAnava pAtro-jevAM ke rAjAo, bauddha bhikSuo vagere-ne dADhImUcha vagaranAM batAvavAmAM AvelAM che; rAkSaso ane daityone sAmAnyataH tathA yakSone kavacit mUchovALA cItarelA che; RSimunione dADhIvALA ja cItarelA che. mAnavAmAM halakA loke jevA ke vidUSake, paricArako ane gAmaDiyAone ajaMtAnAM citromAM mUchovALA banAvelA che. A to prAcIna citrakaLAnI rUDhi paratvenI eka sAmAnya vAta thaI. paNa tapomagna buddhane calAyamAna karavA mathana karatA mAranuM je citra ajaMtAmAM che, te ApaNane A lekhanA muddAne nirNaya karavAmAM kaMika sahAya kare tema che. mAra eTale bauddha purANakathAne kAmadeva. RSimunio ane taponika AtmAone kartavyabhraSTa banAvavA e tenuM kArya prastuta citramAM mArane tenA AkhA parivAra sAthe batAvelo che. mArA potAnA hAthamAM bhAle che tathA tene dADhI ane mUcha banne che, tenA parivAramAM paNa eka dADhIdhArI puruSa evI ja rIte bhAlo laIne Ubho che. jo ke ajaMtAnA mAramAM kAmadevanI ramaNIyatA karatAM daityanI bhayaMkaratA vadhu dekhAya che. ucca pAtrone sAmAnyataH mUchovALAM na batAvavAnI rIti kyAM sudhI cAlu rahI haze te kaMI kahI zakAya nahIM. ahIM je anumAna che te te ajaMtAnAM citro uparathI ja che, ane ajaMtAnAM citro mukhyatve bauddha purANakathAne rajU karanArAM hovAne kAraNe paurANika dene emAM sthAna nathI. paraMtuM paurANika devo paikI paNa brahmA, cama, viSNamUrtinA keTalAka prakArane ane bIjA keTalAkane madhyakAlIna 108

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kAmadevanI mU sthApatye dADhI athavA mUcheAvALA batAvyA che, e bhUlavAnuM nathI. madhyakALamAM kAmadevanI eka karatAM vadhu mUrtio ane citrA ApaNane maLe che. TI. geApInAtharAvanA Elements of Hindu IconographymAM kAmadevanI cAra mUrtionA phoTAo ApavAmAM AvelA che. e cAre mUrtie dakSiNa hindanI che. e paikInI traNa rati ane kAmadevanI saMyukta mUrtie che, jyAre cethI mUrti ekalA kAmadevanI che. pahelI traNa mUrtie paikInI ekamAM kAmadevane mUche nathI, bInuM mAM TAcAi gayeluM heAvAne kAraNe mUche haze ke kema e nakkI karI zakAtuM nathI, jyAre trIjI mUrtinu me phoTogrAphamAM spaSTa dekhAtuM nathI. ceAthI mUrti ekalA kAmadevanI che, temAM lAMbI vAMkI che! bahu spaSTa rIte batAvelI che. enA upara sUcaka TIkA karatAM zrI. geApInAtharAva lakhe che, "Manmath in this sculpture has four hands, in three of which his flowery arrows and in the fourth carries the sugar-cane-bow. The manner of the moustaches, the large, conical head-gear and other ornaments are characteristic of the sculpture of the period and of the part of the country to which the image belongs '' kAmadevanI prastuta mUrti IsavI sananA pa`daramA saikAnI che. paMdaramA saikAnuM kAmadevanuM eka citra gujarAtamAMthI paNa maLe che. kAmazAstranA prasiddha saMskRta grantha 'ratirahasya'nI eka prAcIna pAthInA pahelA pAnA upara, e granthanA pahelA traNa zleAkeAmAM karelI kAmadevanI stutinI bhAvanAnA pratIka rUpe, te deravAmAM AveluM che. zrI sArAbhAi navAbe "jaina citrakalpadruma" e nAmathI madhyakAlIna gUjarAtI citrakaLAnA pratinidhirUpa je saMgraha bahAra pADyo che temAM 109

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itihAsanI keDI naM. 155 tarIke e citra chapAyela che. emAM kAmadevane lAMbI mUcho ane dADhI bane che. hAtha cAra nahIM, paNa be che. DAbA hAthamAM dhanuSya ane jamaNA hAthamAM kusumanuM bANa che. mAthe lAMbA vALane aMboDo, kapALamAM vaiSNava tilaka ane pagamAM toDo che. gUjarAtI citrakaLAnA uttamottama namUnAomAM A citranI paNa gaNanA thaI zake. dADhI-mUcha batAvelI hovA chatAM AkRtinI ramaNIyatAmAM koI prakArano bAdha AvatuM nathI-balake vadhAro thAya che. dADhI ane mULa zRMgArarasane bAdha karanAra che, ema mAnanArA mitroe A citra ekavAra to avazya joI levA jevuM che.* kAmazAstranA saMskRta granthamAM "ratirahasya'nuM sthAna mAtra kAmasUtra' pachI bIjuM Ave che. enA prAraMbhika traNa ke mAM madananI eka mahAna yoddhA tarIke nIce mujaba stuti karI cheH anaGgenAbalAsaGgAjitA yena jagatrayI / sazcitracarita : kAma : sarvakAmaprado'stu vH|| yenAkAri pramAnArIzvaraa ! dagdhenApi tripurajayino jyotiSA cAkSuSeNa // indomitraM sa jayati mudAM dhAma vAmapracAro / deva : zrImAn bhavarasabhujAM daivataM cittajanmA / parijanapade bhRkzreNI pikA : paTubandino / himakarasitacchatraM mattadvipo malayAnila : // * A sivAya zrI sArAbhAI navAbanA saMgrahamAM "ratirahasya'nI soLamA zatakanA arasAmAM lakhAyelI pothInuM eka chUTuM pAnuM che. temAMnA "navanArIkuMjara'nA citramAM kuMjara upara beThelA kAmadevane mUchovALA cItaryo che. "vasantavilAsa"nI suprasiddha citramAlAnA eka citramAM paNa kAmadevane dADhIvALA batALe che. 110

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kAmadevanI mULa kRzatanudhanurvallI lIlAkaTAkSazarAvalI / manasijamahAvIrasyorjayanti jagajita : // Aja lokenI chAyA pakaDIne, soLamA saikAmAM gUjarAtI bhASAmAM "bilDaNapaMcAzikA'no anuvAda karanAra jJAnAcAryo nIce pramANe madananI stuti karI che - makaradhvaja mahIpati varNavuM, jehanuM rUpa avani abhinavuM; kusumabANi kari kuMjari caDada, jAsa prayANa dharA dhaDahaDai, kedaMDa kAminI taNuM TaMkAra Agali ali jhAjhA jhaMkAra, pAli keili kalaravi karaI, nirmala seta chatra sira dharai, mAdhava mAsa sahai sAmaMta, jAsa taNuI jalanidhisuta maMta, dUtapaNaE malayAnila karaI, suranarapannaga ANa AcaraI, tAsa taNuM paya huM aNusarI, satI sAmiNa hiyaDaI dharI, pahiluM kadrapa karIe praNAma, giu graMtha racisa abhirAma." AvA jagavijyA ddhAne namUchiyo banAvavAnuM madhyakAlIna kalpanAne na rUce e samajI zakAya evI vAta che. Ama chatAM dakSiNa hindustAnanI je cAra mUrtiono AgaLa ullekha karyo che te paikI bemAM madanane mUcho nathI, jyAre cothI mUrtimAM tathA prastuta citramAM te che--e hakIkatanI ApaNe avagaNanA karI zakIe tema nathI. e batAve che ke prAcIna kALamAM eka sAthe zilpazAstrInI be paripATIo pracalita hovI joIe, jemAMnI eka ucca pAtrane mUchovALAM banAvatI, jyAre bIjI tema na karatI. prAcIna hindI kalAmAM kalAkArane Adhunika kalAkAra jeTaluM vyakti svAtaMtrya nathI. hindI kalA vAstavavAdI Realistic nathI, paNa bhAvanAvAdI Idealistic che. kalAkAre zAstrasthApita bhAvanAonuM ja nirUpaNa karavAnuM hoya che-pachI e nirUpaNamAM jeTalI ramaNIyatA

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itihAsanI keDI Ave teTalI kalAkAranI pratibhA vizeSa. Ama chatAM dareka jamAnAe prATkAlIna rUDhio sAthe theADIghaNI chUTa teA lIdhI che. ucca pAtrAne mUche! na batAvavAne praghAta ajaMtAnI kalAe sAmAnya rIte svIkAryAM che. gUjarAtI citrakalA ajaMtAnI kalAmAMthI utarI AvI che, chatAM gUjarAtamAMthI rAjAe, amAtyA ane zeThiyAenAM evAM seMkaDo zilpA maLe che, jemAM je te pAtrAne mUA batAvelI che. pUnAnA bhAMDArakara insTITayuTa taraphathI mahAbhAratanI je AvRtti taiyAra thAya che, temAM Adhanareza zrI. bALAsAheba paMtapratinidhie ajaMtAnI zailIe dorelAM citrA ApavAmAM Ave che. emAM pAMDavA jevAM ucca mAnava pAtrAne mUchA batAvelI che. jo ke kRSNe divya pAtra hovAthI ajaMtAnI zailIne anusarI, temane mUche vagaranA batAvyA che. TUkAmAM eTaluM ja ke madana e hindu purANakathAnI eka cira'tana bhAvanA che. bhAvanA bhale abAdhita rahe, parantu dareka jamAnA peAtAne anukULa evA gheADAka pheraphArA temAM karavAnA. ' ritarahasya 'vALuM citra madananI purAtana bhAvanAmAM madhyakAlIna yAhvAnAM lakSaNA paNa ceAje che. ' jevA yuga tevA madana. vIsamI sadIne ' madana ' namUchyiA hAya ! 112

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gujarAtanAM sthaLanAmeA gUjarAtanAM zaherA ane gAmeAnAM nAmeAnI vyutpatti-khAsa karIne e nAmeAnAM padAntAnI vyutpatti--eka atyaMta rasika viSaya che, sva. narasiMharAva diveTiyAe temanAM vilsana krAilAlojIkala lekacarsa, bhAga 1 (gUjarAtI anuvAda)mAM pR. 76-77 tathA pR. 80 upara A viSayanA eka mAtra aMganI saMkSipta carcA pAchaLa eka peregrApha rAyA che. A saMbadhI vistArapUrvaka carcA kAi sthaLe thayelI mArA jANavAmAM nathI. A sAthenA lekhamAM gUjarAtanAM gAmeAnAM padAntAne judA judA samUhomAM vaheMcIne temanI vyutpatti ApavAne prayatna karyAM che. badhAM ja padAntAnA samUhe AmAM levAyA che, evA dAvA huM karI zakuM" nahIM. je nAmeAnI vyutpatti madAntAne daSTi samakSa rAkhIne nahIM, paNa svataMtra rIte thai zake ema che (dA. ta. kapaDavaNajArpaTavALiT; adhAra / hArI / aprAr-brAhmaNane dAnamAM apAyeluM gAma ) tevAM nAmeAne samAveza ahIM karyAM nathI. padAntanAM judAM judAM groupsne dhyAnamAM rAkhIne sAmAnya carcA karavAnA ja Azaya che. A prakAranAM nAmeAne abhyAsa bhASA ane vyutpatti uparAMta itihAsa ane samAjazAstranI dRSTie khUba mahattvane thai paDe ema che. khAsa karIne paMjAba ane sarahadanAM gAmeAnAM nAma sAthe gujarAtanAM gAmeAnAM nAmanuM adbhuta sAmya che. jemake kaMdahAra ane gUjarAtanu gadhAra; sIAlakATa ane gUjarAtane sIAla eTa; sarahadanuM citrAla ane luNAvADA pAsenuM citrAla; aMbAlA ane gUjarAtanu aMbADA; 113

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itihAsanI keDI thANezvara, mUlasthAna (mUlatANa), ane gujarAtanuM thAna; kAzmIranuM zrInagara ane piribaMdara pAsenuM zrInagara, paMjAbanuM gUjarAnavAlA, gUjarAta, jillA gUjarasIMga ane ApaNuM gujarAta (prAnta) tathA gojhAriyA (gUjariyA) e sAme khUba sUcaka che. noratA, dAMtA jevAM nAme "tA" padAnta prAkRta gujaratAnA padAntanuM maraNa karAve che. A sAthe je smaraNamAM rAkhIe ke gUrjara loke paMjAbamAMthI rAjapUtAnAmAM thaI gUjarAtamAM AvyA hatA. gujarAtanI jema paMjAbamAM paNa "gUjara" avaTaMkathI oLakhAtA loko vase che tathA paMjAbanA amuka pradezanI sthAnika belI paNa gUjarI' nAmathI oLakhAya che-to A sAmya Akasmika nahIM jaNAya. eka prajA eka mulakamAMthI bIjA mulakamAM jAya tyAre tyAM paNa gAmanAM nAma to junAM rAkhe, e eka sAmAnya valaNa che, ane te ahIM pratyakSa thAya che. kaMIka A prakAranuM nAmasAmya gurjarInA mULavatana madhya eziyA sudhI maLavA saMbhava che, ema anumAna karIe to te bhAgye ja vadhAre paDatuM gaNAya. keTalAMka nAmano pitAne alaga ItihAsa hoya che. jemake "sUrata' nAma sUryapura>sUranapura>sUrata (pura) e pramANe vyutpanna thaI zake che. sUryapura e sUryanuM nagara. tenI sAme ja rAnera (rAMdera) eTale sUryapatnI rannAdenuM nagara che ane enI vacce sUryakanyA tapati (tApI) vahe che. A nAmo pADanArane kharekhara kavi kahevAnuM mana thAya che. keTalAMka nAmo jAte ja potAnA viSe kaMIka mAhitI ApI de che. jemake raNAsaNa eTale ke raNujIe vasAveluM gAma, vaDalI (pATaNa pAsenuM) eTale vaDanI jhADIvALuM gAma (A matalabanA ullekho paNa prAcIna granthamAM maLe che), mahuDI eTale mahuDAnI jhADIvALuM gAma, DAMgaravA eTale jyAM DAMgaranI vAvaNuM thAya che evuM gAma, bhAMDavI eTale bhAMDa lokonuM gAma, delamAla eTale devaLonA samUhavALuM gAma, vIsalavAsaNuM eTale ke visale vasAveluM gAma. 114

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gujarAtanAM sthaLanAme Dera ane saMDera jevAM nAma kadAca kAi rakhaDatI TeALIonA DerAnu - paDAvanuM sUcana karatAM hAya. ' " " " vaLI ' pAdara, ' ' vadara, '' vaDa' ane daDa atavALAM nAme mAtra kAThiyAvADamAM ja maLe che, 'saNa ' vALAM mAtra uttara gujarAtamAM ane ' sada' vALAM careAtaramAM maLe che. ' vADa ' ane ' vADI ' vALAM nAma mukhyatve dakSiNa gUjarAtamAM tathA te pradeza sAthe vizeSa sa Mpa dharAvatA mahArASTramAM maLe che, e paNa sUcaka che. pa6 ane varTImAMthI AvelAM nAma sarvatra maLe che. A lekhamAM meM sAmAnya rIte padAntAnI vyutpatti ApavAne prayAsa karyAM che. nAmeAnA sauthI meATA samUha dra ane pachI e padAntAne phALe jAya che. gujarAtanAM nAmeAmAM A ja pAntA vizeSa a Mze jovAmAM Ave che. A dra ane pa kharekhara saMskRta zabdo haze ke kema e viSe keTalAka vidvAnane zaMkA thAya che. bhASAzAstranA niyame pramANe te| pA~ ne patra mAMthI vyutpanna paNa karI zakAya. saMbhava che ke kadAca e zabdo jAteja prAkRta heAya athavA gurjara jevI kAi praznanI elImAMthI utarI AvyA hAya. draviDa pradezanAM keTalAMka gAmAne 4 pallI ' padAnta lAgeleA che, te uparathI keTalAka vidvAne e zabdane viDa bhASAmAMthI AvelA mAne che. parantu gujarAtanAM seMkaDa| gAmAne e padAnta lAge, eTalI badhI viDa bhASA ane saMskRtinI asara mane lAgatI nathI. kadAca dakSiNamAM paNa e nAma ahIMnI asarathI krama gayuM na heAya? game tema paNa sAhityanI saMskRtamAM vadda ane pa| e banne zabdanuM juduM astitva che, eTale jyAM sudhI e zabdAnA mULa viSe bIjI kAi AdhArabhUta mAhitI na maLe tyAM sudhI abhyAsanI saralatA khAtara e zabdone mULabhUta gaNI samUhe pADavAmAM mane kai vAMdhA lAgatA nathI. meM sUcavelI vyutpattio paikI kAika cinha kATimAM ese evA 115

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itihAsanI keDI saMbhave che temaja keTaleka sthaLe huM vyutpatti ApI zakyo nathI. padAntanA mULa tarIke rajU karAyelA badhA ja zabdo kaMI saMskRta nathI, paNa rajUAtanI saraLatA khAtara sarvane devanAgarImAM chApyA che. gujarAtanAM zahera tathA gAmanAM nAmo saMbaMdhI A prakAranI vyutpatticarcAno A pahelo ja prasaMga hovAthI mArA mArgamAM keTalIka anivArya muzkelIo hatI, eTale temAM rahelI truTio paratve vidvAne yogya mArgadarzana karAvaze evI AzA che. vaLI judAM judAM nAmanI svataMtra vyutpatticarcAne ahIM avakAza nathI. evuM kArya amuka sthAna viSenI svataMtra vicAraNA karavAne prasaMga AvatAM ja thaI zake. vaLI e rIte paNa pratyeka gAmanI vyutpatti ApavAnuM zakaya heya ema mAnato nathI. prAcIna kALamAM gUjarAta ane rAjapUtAnA bhaugolika daSTie eka hatAM, eTale gujarAtanAM gAmanAM padAne lagabhaga e ja svarUpamAM rAjapUtAnAmAM maLe emAM kaMI Azcarya nathI. vaLI e ja padAnane thoDAghaNA bhinna svarUpe uttara hinda, madhyahinda, mahArASTra tathA kvacita TheTha dakSiNa hindamAM maLe che; paraMtu ethI gUjarAtanAM gAmanAM nAma viSenI ApaNuM carcA aprastuta banatI nathI-UlaTuM, zabdasiddhi mATe Avazyaka evA keTalAka upayogI cross references tethI prApta thAya che. (1) padrazamU-dira-pAdaruM pada-vadaad-gaDhanaDiyAda, bhaDiyAda, peTalAda, pALiyAda, tharAda, bheLAda, boTAda padA to siddha karavA mATe ApelAM avAntara rUpe moTe bhAge kalpita hypothetical samajavAnAM che.

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gujarAtanAM sthaLanAme padra-caMdd-goDha-dAhoda, jhAleda, bhAleda, cAMdoda, nAMdoda, vaNeda, pIpaloda, kezoda -ghara-va-vAMTAvadara, vIsAvadara, sAjIyAvadara, mANA vadara, bhAyAvadara, siMdhAvadara pa-TUra-ra-lAkhApAdara, mAyApAdara padra-ri-ra-ra-kANodara, diyodara padravAma-ra3ra3-3 -vaDedaruM, lAThodaruM, cIkhedaruM padra-vad - -3-maNuMda -3-raNuMja, dhaNuMja, sIhuM ja -3-3 -uMjhA padra--ra- ra-ra-sarapadaDa, lAThIdaDa, mojIdaDa padra--4-8-palIaDa, vAyaDa pa- - - -barIa5, moTapa padravadaM--- -dharmaja, lAMghaNaja, aDAlaja -=-goThAja - jJa---kAmareja, sarakheja, dUdhareja, bAreja (DI) padra-varDa-- --bAju - 3- -gAnuM-taLAju qdra-vaidvai jJa-tra-goga-detroja dvi--3-go --phaleda padra-ra-vagara-ra-bhAbhara 1 sarakhA mIraja. - 2 sarakhA phelodhI.

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itihAsanI keDI -vagara- gara-zAra-gaMdhAra -ra-kAlarI padra-vaid-va-6-borDa-eDa, vAloDa padra-vaidraraM-vara3-aruM--sAda, vAgaruM, ThAsaruM padravA- -3-TuMbhaTuM (bhaTuMDA)* padama-jugAM-kag-goheM-DabhaDuM, nareDuM, caleDuM, khoDuM padravadugAM-laghu-gaTuM-sudAmaDuM, AraMbhaDuM, gAdhakaDuM padra--va-bhANavaDa, kAlAvaDa, ghAMTavaDa, vAMsAvaDa pakSamu-gAM-vahuM-kelavaDuM, vaDu pan-paduga- huM-vIjapaDuM padravAn-vara3-3ruM-lasuMdaruM, kAsaMdaruM, pIludaruM padravada-vaTuM-haLavada, dahevada, (dAhoda) padra-pa6--- -pAMceTa, hAMsoTa pa-du---nApADa, sutrApADa pa-vadvAna- -mahelAva - -saraDhava (2) parTI-palI paTTATI-Ti-pAlaDI (kecaraba-pAlaDI) pachI--vaTI-sAvalI, bAvalI 3 sarakhAvo kaMdahAra (gAMdhAra). 4 sarakhAvo hathuMDI (hastikuMDI), bhaTIMDA. 5 sarakhAvo pAlI (mAravADa) tathA trIcInApallI, madanapallI vagere. 6 sarakhA kAMdIvalI, borivalI, devalI, sAMgalI. 14

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gujarAtanAM sthaLanAme -vI-sIcIkhalI, ghumalI, nAvalI, vaDalI, bhAyelI, keyalI pachI-vaThThI-kacchI-gA--vaDAlI, karaNAlI -gATI- - -zIAla, rUpAla, khaDAla, citrAla (luNA vADA pAsenuM), vaDatAla paTTI-varjIvaTI kaDhI-raNelI pachI-varkI-gardI-strI-pAnelI, (sarakhAvo barelI) viSThi---AsAvala, verAvala *ghaTTanTsa vahuMasAvaluM 10 (Dha ne 2 thayA pachI vyatyayathI asAravuM), raMDAluM "paTTI - -gADuM-aMbADuM 11 pachi-STi- - -mAMDala, bahIala, cItala -- DAbhalA, "Tchanva rjhana-3chuM-ITaluM viSTi-Ti-3-3-lADola, hAlola, mahela, kAlela, balela, vAla, nADela, nAdelara 7 sarakhA zIAlITa. 8 sarakhAvo citrAla (sarahada uparanuM). 9 verAvaLanI vyutpatti vecAkuTa apAya che tathA keTalAka saMskRta graMthamAM paNa e nAma maLe che, paraMtu e mULa lokapracalita nAmanuM Sanskritized form mane lAge che. 10 sarakhA gujarAnavAlA, jIrAvalA, 11 sarakhAvo aMbAlA, patiyAlA. 12 sarakhA nAranola, karanAla. 119

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itihAsanI keDI paSTa-vaThThI-garjI-STi-I-u-vAghela, khAMbhela paTTI-varsI-vesTivetya-jo-lAMbhavela (sarakhAvo karamAvelI) varlDavarTI-venTI-vaDAvalI pannka mAM chuM-ceTiluM *ghaTTanvacchavuM vAraMvA4i3-aMkevAliyuM "pachI-vacchagayuM-vaNuM-bAvaLuM, baravALuM, viravALuM, samaDhi cALuM, nIgALuM, umarALuM parza --3-amarolI, zIrolI, marolI, bAraDelI paTTa-- -amarelI gharjanma-44-gA--kherAlu5 (3) saH ( to reside, to settle uparathI?)-vIrasada, kara masada, borasada, vAsada saM-vAMsadA sAra-valasADa, amalasADa soDA-varasoDA ta-pAsala 13 vAghela uparathI "vAghelA thayA che. 14 bAraDelI eTale "bAraDapallI-bAraDa lokanuM gAma-haze. sarakhAvo kAMkarelI. 15 sarakhAvo kirADu (mAravADa) emAMne "" kherAlumAMnA "la"nuM sthAna le che. 16 porasada-karamasada eTale vIrA ane karamAM nAmanA mANasee vasAvelAM gAma, ema hovuM joIe. 17 sarakhA carasadA. 120

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gujarAtanAM sthaLanA -harala saM-uttarasaMDA, narasaMDA saM-siMda sa-vanAsaNa, punAsaNa, ghumAsaNa, kaTosaNu, vAgosaNA saLa-citrAsaNI saLuM--satalAsaNuM sAnuM-mahesANuM, bAlIsaNuM, palasANuM, talasANuM sa-- -AbaraNa8 sa-- - -saMjANa sa-4- -vaLa-kAravaNa9 chuM--gaI-bAmaNuM, thAmaNuM -gaLuM-gANuM-nagIcANuM, joTANuM, soDhANuM, vaDhANuM, - kuDhAyANuM, DeDANuM, dahANuM, kukarANuM, jhIlavANuM sA-3- -mAMkaNuM -gaLI-bALa-zIANI saMdra-haMdu-caMdra-sANaMda (4) pura-muMjapura, rANapura ItyAdi pu-3-sIhAra, eDera, mAMgalera (vyatyayathI mAMgarola), bAkalera (bAkarola)21 17 a. sarakhAvo nighAsana (yu.pI.) 18 sarakhAvA khIcana (mAravADa), ludhInA 10 sarakhA mAlavaNa. 20 sarakhA varANA (mAravADa), jAlaNA (mahArASTra) 21 sarakhA nAgara, bibera, sAra, jhAlora, lAhora, elora, nelora. 121

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itihAsanI keDI pura-3ra-caMdurasa pura-pera-para, pira (baMdara), zasara, bhImapora -ra-ra -mahuDI pura -pura3-743--bhImeruM pura-31-ra-9-acIe? pura-pura-3ra- meruM, dholeruM nAra-vaDanagara, visanagara ItyAdi nAra-navAra-nAra-nAra, koDInAra, giranAra nAra-nayara-narUra-nera-cAMpAnera, vAMkAnera, nera (rara), vAlanera25 nAra-navAra-navara-ra-sInera nara-nayarajna neruM--dhAneruM, pAneruM zvara-ra-aMkalesara, saMkhesara sara-saMdhesara, ketalAsara, jaMbusara, suNasara, pAnasara, 21a sarakhA madurA. 22 A gAmanI sImamAM mahuDAMnI jhADI hevAthI mahuDI (madhupura) nAma paDayu che. 23 sarakhAvo sAlera, mulera, gvAlera. 24 sarakhAva phulerA.. 25 sarakhAvo amalanera, saMgamanera, bIkAnera. bIjA prAMtomAM na- nagara-ra-nIra paNa bane che. jemake-bIjanora. nara-nAra-navanura paNa bane che. jemake-sAvanura. 122

Page #132
paMcAsara, mesara, Desara26 sA--saNeAsarA27 saranA--puMsarI sArI--navasArI, tarasArI gujarAtanAM sthaLanAmA (8) dhAgAdhrA, dhrAMgadhrArazna, nAgadharA (9) tIrthaM--zuklatI tIrtha-kRtya-kRta--kha bhAita (jA. gU. )-khaMbhAta (A vyutpatti keTalAka cinha phATimAM mUke che. ) (10) meda--mera--jhAMjhamera,28 ajamera (kAThiyAvADanu ) (11) maruM-tuM vuM-peALaka, vadhuku, daduka, DamakuM, . pharIAdakuM (12) rASTra-9-4--umareTha29 26 sarakhAvA hAthasara (vyatyayathI hAtharasa ) tathA khAlAkAra. 27 sarakhAve| mAnaserA. 27 a. sasa~skRta grantheAmAM godharAnu oha nAma maLe che, paNa 'dhrAMgadhrA ' sAthe sarakhAvatAM mane dharAmAMthI vyutpatti vadhu zakya lAge che. 28 sarakhAve! mAhaDamera, jesalamera, ajamera, Amera, kuMbhalamera ityAdi. 29 sarakhAvA meraTha, gUjarAtanA cAlukthAnA lekhAmAM 'gAparASTra viSaya nAma maLe che. te uparathI lAge che ke Aja padAntavALAM khIjA nAme paNa hAvAM joie. mahArASTra-marda-marda--marAna tathA surASTra-44-soraTha jevAM prAdezika nAmeAmAMthI mULe A ra4 padAnta AvelA che. 123

Page #133
itihAsanI keDI (13) pATavADavA raM-vADuM-anAvADuM, delavADuM, brAhmaNavADuM, dekAvADuM, dAtIvADuM, pAyAvADuM, udavADuM, bagavADuM, tilakavADuM paTalam-vAhanvI -vANuM-gADuM-dasADuM vAdi-vadizAhI-kAliyAvADI, kAchiyAvADI vATikAvAlA-gADI_karADI vATI-vAhana-vA-maTavADa, cAravADa (sarakhA dhAravADa, kuchaMdavADa) (14) voTa-rAjakeTa, kaMthakeTa, koTaDuM - -bhImakaTTA (15) pa-paga- ucApa, rANapa Tu-pa- -nApA (16) muvADuM (grAmavAcaka sAmAnya zabda)-dA. ta. paTelanuM muvADuM utta- -pATaNa (zaheravAcaka sAmAnya zabda)-pATaNa, 30 pATaNa pAsenuM e nAnuM gAma hiTa no apabhraMza che. 31 va TavA no apabhraMza. 32 sarakhA sAvaMtavADI; tathA revADI, sevADI (mAravADa). 33 A padAntavALAM nAme uttara hindImAM badhe tathA dakSiNa hindamAM paNa (pudukeTA, tAlIkeTa) maLe che.

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gujarAtanAM sthaLanAme seminAtha pATaNa (18) Dha--jUnAgaDha sonagaDha 5 gaDhaDuM gaDha-ADhI-dha-ghaDA (vIsanagara pAsenuM) maDha--- -jAMbuDA, khArAghoDA Dhida-gAMgaDa, trAgaDa kADhI-ghaDI-Di-dIgaDI, tagaDI (19) re-rUpArela reTI-AMbArelI (20) prImagAma-katAragAma, pacchegAma, viramagAma 7 ItyAdi (21) bAvAH (phA.)-jApharAbAda gAvA (phA.)-AvI-amadAvAda, mahemadAvAda (22) tha4-zrIsthala 34 sarakhA paTaNA tathA paiThaNu ane dakSiNa hindamAM keTalAMka gAmone ane lAgato 0 m padAnta. A zabda mULa drAviDa hevA saMbhava che. 35 A padAntavALAM nAme paNa uttara hindamAM badhe maLe che. 36 sarakhA zAhabAjagaDhI.. 37 khAmagAMva, mAlegAMva, zegAMva ItyAdi. 38 A padAntavALAM nAma muslima rAjyaamalane kAraNe AkhA hindamAM maLe che. 125

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itihAsanI keDI - -kubaDathala, rAla, murathala, hariNathala9 WDhama- -thardu-meghaLuM caTI-istrI-ijhI-dethaLI, vanathaLI,41 rAthaLI (23) gAsana-zAsana-AMbalI AsaNa, jhulAsaNa, rAsaNa, raNAsaNa (24) dhArA-dhAra-gArIAdhAra, luNIdhAra, saradhAra3 dhArA-dhArI-dhArI dhArI-vAI-dharI-paDadharI (25) vA-vA-vAgyavAva-vAva, ujalavAva, kuMkAvAva, rANa vAva, pATaNavAva, khArIvAva, mIThIvAva, vAvaDI veda-ve 3-DuM-kheDuM, saMkheDuM, cAnakheDuM, kheDabrahmA 39 A nAma zrI madhusUdana modIe chapAvela jUnA gUjarAtI duhAmAM maLe che. zrI. rAmalAla meMdI mAne che ke siddhapura pAsenuM eThera ane A hariNathala abhinna che. 40 sarakhA kapurathalA. 41 seraThanA vanarAjivALA pradezane lIdhe A nAma paDyuM lAge che. 42 kaI raNujIe vasAveluM hevA saMbhava che. 43 pArvatIya pradezanAM gAmonAM A nAmo sUcaka che. sarakhAvo dhuMvAdhAra." 126

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gujarAtanAM sthaLanAme (27) mA-moTa-delamAla, zrImAla, bhillamAlapa (28) tra-mAtara "trA-sejItrA, piozItrA, ItrA trA-tA-tA-neratA, umatA, gerItA, dAMtA *trI-ta-mAMDetarI (29) vA-DAMgaravA, bAMTavA, vaTavA, mahuvA, jAMbuvA (30) vAsa-haladharavAsa vAsa-gAna-aDAsa, vaghAsa vAsa-gAsatra-zAsa-meDAsA8 vA-vAsa+-vAsaNuM, vasalavAsaNuM 44 devakulamAlA-deulamAla-delamAla. 45 zrImAlanI AjubAjunA pradezamAM prAcIna kALamAM jillAnI ghaNI vastI hatI. tethI tenuM bhillamAla nAma paDyuM, ema keTalAka vidvAno mAne che. 46 sarakhAvo bAletA. 47 sarakhA kAlikAtA (kAlikAvaDe rakSAyelI nagarI), meDatA vagere. saMbhava che ke "trA' ke 'nA'padAnta saMskRta na hoya. gujarAta (prAMta) tathA gujarAta (paMjAbamAMnuM) e nAmamAM tathA prAkRta gujjarattAmAM dekhAtAM padAnto sAthe tene saMbaMdha hoya, to gujarAtI mULa bhASAnI A asara gaNAya. sUrata saM. sUryapura-mUrajha (pura)-surata e pramANe vyutpanna thayuM che, eTale keTalAka vidvAno mAne che tema, A padAnta sAthe tene saMbaMdha nathI. 48 prAcIna tAmrapatromAM moDavAvA nAma maLe che. 127

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itihAsanI keDI (31) jI-kaccha-ga-gara-AMbaca, bharUca-bharUca, lIMaca lIMca49 rAjI--I-piIachA-peIchA, veDachA - ccha-chI-dhamaDAchA cha- -gaccha-gachI-veDachI (32) rUMca--hArIja, prAMtIja pheya-raMga-rUNuM-gojhAriyuM, sAgoDiyuM, vAghaDiyuM, khIjaDiyuM, cADiyuM (33) niverA-nipasa--nera-nAganeza nirava -nipasa3-nesa-nesaDe (34). nA-amarAI (vADI), kaMtharAI, bherAI (35) tena-tena-varateja, thalateja vati-vasa-vasaI51 (vijApura pAsenuM) 48 sarakhA Uca. para sthAnika jAti pramANe gojhAriyuM gurjarapura nAme oLakhAya che. enuM mULa nAma "gujariyuM haze, paNa "gojhArA" zabdanAM varNasAmyane lIdhe "gojhAriyuM"nAma banyuM haze. pA sarakhA vasaI (muMbaI pAsenuM) 128

Page #138
gujarAtanAM sthaLanAme vati-va-va-vI-godhAvI, dhaniyAvI, rUhAvI, bhAMDavI (37) sthAna-thAna, calathANa, erathANa sthAnava-thApa-bharathANuM (38) saMgha-va-mAMsa-kAThamAMDe, lAlamAM 54 vi-vivAda-(kaccha) mAMDavI (39) i- - -maDhI (40) dera-Thera (pATaNa pAsenuM),55 saMDera (41) svA-sonarekhA (42) tethI-gaNadevI, varamAdevIpa6 pa2 saM. mahuvati. mahesANA pAsenA A gAmamAM agAu bhAMDa lokonI vastI sArA pramANamAM hatI, tethI A nAma paDyuM che. atyAre paNa tyAM bhATa lokeAnI moTI vastI che. 53 sarakhAvo thAnezvara tathA thANA. 54 sarakhAvo mAMDu (saM. maMkapaDu), maMDI. papa lokabhASAmAM DerA-taMbuno artha "kAmacalAu paDAva" thAya che. Dara" padAntavALAM nAmo kei rakhaDatI ToLIo nomadic tribesnA nivAsanuM sUcana karatAM haze ? sarakhAvo mohe-jo-Dero. paNa yAda rAkhavAnuM che ke sindhI bhASAmAM Dera ne artha mAtra Dhagalo (hindI "Dhera') thAya che. pa6 A nAma cAhamAnonA eka lekhamAM maLe che. 129

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itihAsanI keDI (43) tema-taTA-TA-zaMkarataLAva, AMbAtalAva vahetamajI, dhorAjI -cANasmA, vesamAM (46) dvAra-vAra-naMdurabAra57 -gIra+rra-gArI caubArI 57 sarakhAve nAthadvArA, haradvAra. 130

Page #140
prAcIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM gUjarAta'nA ullekho ApaNA prAntane mATe, atyAre sarvasAmAnya pracAramAM che te, gUjarAta nAma kyAre pracalita thayuM e eka vivAdAspada prazna che. saMskRta ane prAkRta sAhityamAM, zilAlekho ane tAmrapatramAM- atyAre maLatA purAvAo jotAM to nirapavAda rIte, tema ja apabhraMza ane prAraMbhika gUjarAtInA sAhityamAM sAmAnya rIte, gurjaratrAmaMtra, gurjaratrAbhUmi, gujjarattA, gUrjarata gurjaratrA, gurjarAtra, gurjarATa, gurjaradeza, gurjaradharaLa, sunnaraza, gurnarama, garadhara evAM judAM judAM nAmo maLe che. dazamA saikA sudhInA Araba musAphare "jhajha" (Jurz) tathA guja(Juzr) evAM nAmo Ape che. alabatta, je te sthaLoe A badhAM ja nAmo atyAranA gUjarAtane anulakSIne ApavAmAM AvyAM che, ema nathI. mULarAja solaMkIe vikramanA dazamA sikAnA aMtabhAgamAM pATaNamAM potAnuM rAjya jamAvyuM ane e rAjyamAM jJAnasaMskAranI paraba" besADavAno prayAsa karyo, tyAra pahelAMnuM gurjaratrAmaMDala' hAlanA gujarAtanI uttare bhinnamAla tathA hAlanA kyapura pAsenA nArAyaNanI AsapAsa AveluM hatuM. vikramanA dazamA zataka sudhI hAlanA madhya gujarAta mATe gUjarAta ke ene maLatuM gurjaratrA ke gurjaradeza jevuM nAma pracAramAM nahotuM AvyuM, ema zrI. durgAzaMkara zAstrI mAne che. atyAranuM dakSiNa gUjarAta athavA lATa te pachI paNa ghaNA samaya sudhI taLa gUjarAtathI bhinna gaNAtuM hatuM. paNa gujarAtanI sImAomAM thayelAM A aitihAsika parivartana sAthe 131

Page #141
itihAsanI keDI atyAre ApaNane sabaMdha nathI. ApaNA prAntanuM 'gUjarAta' e nAma keTaluM' jUtu' che, te ja prApta thatAM sAdhanA uparathI-khAsa karIne prAcIna gujarAtI sAhityamAMthI maLatA ullekheAnA prakAzamAM-tapAsavAne A nibaMdhanA uddeza che. ,, sva. narasiMharAva diveTiyA emanA Gujarati Language and Literature (Wilson Philological lectures), Vol. II, p. 193mAM A viSayanI carcA karatAM lakhe che: " This much, however, is certain, that the name Gujarat did not come into free use till after the Mahomedan conquest; and the first reliable mention of that specific name for one province in our literature is to be found in the Kanhadade-Prabandh. arthAt 'gUjarAta' nAma muslima rAjyakALa pahelAM sarvasAdhAraNa pracAramAM naheAtuM ane e nAmanA pahele vizvAsapAtra praye!ga ApaNA sAhityamAM 'kAnhaDadeprazna dha 'mAMthI maLe che, evA zrI. narasiMharAvatA mata che. jo ke kAnhaDadeprabandha 'pUrvenA ' samarArAsa 'mAMthI paNa temaNe ' gUjarAta 'nA ullekha rajU karyAM che (pR. 187). Ama chatAM 'vastupAla-tejapAla rAsa ' ke je saMbhavataH " kAnhaDade prabaMdha' karatAM paNa arvAcIna che (alake kAI rIte 'kAnhaDadeprabandha 'karatAM jUnA te nathI ja ) ane temanA peAtAnA ja mata mujaba IsavI sananA caudamA saikAnA uttarArdhathI jane hAI zake niha ( pR. 21), temAM maLatA gUjarAta 'nA ullekhane te sauthI jUnA ullekha zI rIte gaNe che, e barAbara samajAtuM nathI. zrI. narasiMharAve temanAM vyAkhyAtAmAM * vastupAla-tejapAla rAsa, ' samarArAsa'ane 'kAnhaDadeprabandha'mAMthI 'gUjarAta'nA prayAge tAravI batAvyA che. ApaNe A tema ja A uparAMta navA maLelA sakhyAbaMdha prayeAge! tapAsIzuM. * 6 132

Page #142
gUjarAta"ne ulekhe kaI saMskRta zilAlekha ke tAmrapatramAM athavA saMskRta sAhityamAM gujarAtano ullekha maLato nathI. paraMtu paradezI lekhakanAM 1. " niSadhIyacarita "nI nirNayasAgaranI AvRttinA saMpAdaka paM. zivadatta zAstrIe potAnI saMskRta prastAvanAmAM "rAno vaDava svajokkhnndde prasaGgato'varNayat -' naipanIyasya prathamaM pustakaM hariharo gUjarAte'ti hAza vayavanAnuna rA ivamAM sAtatyAnAhU !" (sAtamI AvRttinI prastAvanA, pR. 9) e pramANe lakhyuM che. narasiMharAvabhAIe A avataraNa lIdhuM che (Vol. II, p. 197). rAjazekhare potAno "prabanyo " saM. 140pamAM racyo che, eTale AmAMnA " gujarAtanA prayogane temaNe nizaMka rIte e kALano gaNyo che. paNa vAstavika rIte ema nathI. rAjazekharanA uparyukta graMthamAM gujarAta" evo prayoga to kayAM ya maLato nathI. emAMno "hariharaprabandha" ke jemAM "naiSadhIyacarita" gujarAtamAM lAvyAnI vAta Ave che temAM paNa zrIdhavaMze hoda: gauraya: siddhasArasvata: | | gUrjaradhara pratyavAta che e pramANe "gUrjaradharA no prayoga mAtra ekavAra maLe che (phA. gU. sabhAnI AvRtti, pR. 119)-gujarAtane nahi. arthAt paM. zivadatta potAnI prastAvanAmAM rAjazekharamAMthI zabdazaH avataraNa ApyuM nathI, paNa "hariharaprabandha"mAMnA tene kathanane potAnI bhASAmAM mAtra sAroddhAra Apyo che. eTale emAMne "gujarAta" zabda rAjazekharane nahIM, paNa paM. zivadattano che. "garga saMhitA"mAM sugara- zabdano prayoga maLe che, juo-proDatha mahAya vitva mAhitItima vilana mata tenAM gurAraM samAya n(garga saMhitA, vizvajit khaMDa, 7mo adhyAya, loka 1) tatha! gurjarATAdhipaM vIramRdhyanAma mahAbalam / jagrAha senayA kASNistuNDayAhiM yathA vira ! (e ja, zloka 2). kAmasUtranI jayamaMgalA TIkAmAM (adhi. 5, adhyAya 5, sUtra 30) jUFrAte zoTuM nAkarathAne e pramANe zUrAtane ullekha che. "garga saMhitA ne gurnarATa ane jayamaMgalAne narati-e banane pro . lokapracalita "gUjarAta" zabdanuM saMskRta rUpAntara che, emAM zaMkA nathI. Ama hovA chatAM saMskRta sAhityamAM gujarAtano sAkSAt prAga maLatuM nathI e mata abAdhita rahe che. 133

Page #143
itihAsanI keDI lakhANAmAMthI gUjarAta 'nA be ghaNA jUnA tathA agatyanA ullekho maLe che. alibaranI(I.sa. 970 thI 1031--vi. sa. 1026 thI 1087)e hindustAna viSenA peAtAnA arakhI granthamAM tenI pUrvenA keTalAka musApharAnI jema 'jux' (Juzr) nahi, paNa ' gUjarAta' ( Guzrat ) evuM nAma Apyu che.ra gUjarAtanI rAjadhAnInu zahera majhAna athavA nArAyaNa hatuM ane teneAjathI eMzI mAIla agnikhUNe AveluM che, ema teNe kahyuM che. alibarunInA samaya pUrve ja nArAyaNa bhAMgI gayuM hatuM, ane tyAMnA vatanIe bIje sthaLe rahevA gayA hatA, ema paNa jANavA maLe che. A zahera te jayapura pAsenu` nArAyaNa che, ema siddha thayuM che. 3 vizeSamAM abirunIe nArAyaNanA naiRtya khUNe lagabhaga 240 mAIla (42 rasakha) dUra Avela aNahilavADanA tathA saurASTranA dariyAkAMThe AvelA sAmanAthane nirdeza karyo che. te lakhe che ke aNahilavADanI dakSiNe lagabhaga 170 mAila(42 rasakha) dUra lATadeza AvelA che, jenAM bhaca (Bihroj) ane rAMdera (Rihanjur) e be mukhya zaherA che.4 A vana batAvI Ape che ke vikramanA agiyAramA saikAnA prArabhamAM echAmAM ehuM atyAranA uttara tathA madhya gujarAtane te 'gUjarAta' nAma maLI cUkyuM hatuM. " bIjA eka paradezI musAphara mArkIM pAleA(I. sa. 1254 thI 1324-vi.sa. 1310 thI 1780)e paNa 'gUjarAta' nAmanA prayAga karyAM che, ema sara jyorja zrIane nAMdhyuM che. pa have prAcIna gUjarAtI sAhityamAM 'gUjarAta'nA ullekhA tapAsIe. 2. Dr. Edward Sachau : Alberani's India, Vol. I, p. 202. 3. Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. I, Pt. I, p. 520. 4. Dr. Edward Sachau : Alberani's India, Vol. I, p. 205. 5. Linguistic Survey of India, Vol. IX, Pt. II, p. 333. 134

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gujarAtanA ullekha 10 pAhuNakRta "AburAsa" (saM. 1289) sauthI jUno ane ghaNuM ja mahattvano ullekha saM. 1289mAM pATaNa nAme kavie lakhela "AburAsane che. Abu upara maMtrI vastupAla-tejapAle saM. 1286mAM baMdhAvela suprasiddha mandiro saMbaMdhI vRttAnta, papa kaDInA A TUMkA rAsamAM Apelo che. tenI 11mI kaDImAM nIce pramANe gujarAtane prayoga che - soLaMkiya kuLa7 saMbhamiu sUrau jagi jasavAu / gUjarAta dhura samudharaNu rANau lUNapasAu // mArkopolothI keTalAMka varSa pUrve A rAsa racAyela che. paradezI musApharanI noMdhamAM tema ja pAmhaNanI A kRtimAM "gUjarAta' nAma che, te e zabdaprayoganI sArI evI vyApakatA pUravAra kare che. bIjuM, upalA avataraNamAM dhoLakAnA rANA lavaNaprasAdane gujarAtanA uddhAraka tarIke 6. kalakattAnI rAjasthAna risarca sosAyaTInA hindI mukhapatra rAjasthAnI'nA bhAga 3, aMka 1mAM A rAsa chapAyela che. tenI 54mI kaDImAM nIce pramANe racyA sAla che - bArasaMvachari navamAsIe vasaMtamAmu raMbhAuju dIhe / ehu rAhu visatArihiM jAe, rAkhai sayaLasaMgha aMbAe / kartAnuM nAma pa3mI kaDInA uttarArdhamAM che-- kevI caDAvaLi nemi namIjai, esu vayaNu pAlhaNapuja kIjai // 7. rAsanI mudrita AvRttimAM ahIM tathA bIje sthaLe chApelo che, tethI mULa hAthapratamAM lakhelo che, ema samajavAnuM nathI. "rAjasthAnI nA uparyukta akamAM chapAyelA "rAjasthAnI varNamAlA" nAmanA lekhamAM "-4=4 nA mUrdhanya sacIna ( narAtImATI mAri meM hai)" ema jaNAveluM che, eTale A sthaLoe hAthapratamAM stra hovo joIe, jene saMpAdake che athavA sa tarIke chApe che. 135

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itihAsanI keDI varNavyo che, e paNa batAve che ke have mAtra uttara gUjarAta nahIM, paNa Akho prAnta "gUjarAta' tarIke oLakhAto hato. vaLI e ja rAsamAMthI "gUjaradesa" prayoga paNa maLe che- gUjaradehasa majjhi pahANaM, caMdrAvatI nayari vakkhANaM / vAvi sarovara surahi suNIjai, bahu yArAmihi Upama dIjai // 2 // gujarAtanI prAcInatama rAsakRtio saM. 1241mAM racAyela zAlibhadrasUrikRta "bharatezvara-bAhubalIrAsa" tathA e arasAmAM lakhAyela e ja kavine "buddhirAsa" che. e jotAM saM. 1289 "AburAsa" tathA temane "gUjarAtIno ullekha khAsa mahattvanAM lekhAvAM joIe. 2. rANakadevInA dUhA (saM. 1290 pahelAM) bIjo agatyano ullekha sidhI jainagranthamAlAmAM prasiddha thayela purAtana prabandhasaMgraha' mAMthI maLe che. judI judI hastalikhita pothIo uparathI saMkalita karavAmAM AvelA A prabandhasaMgrahamAM pR. 34 upara P sarakAre sonAnA e zIrSaka nIce gha(4) gIgaDudhipata kane sute tathA sonavI ko -eTalI prastAvanA sahita agiyAra prAcIna gRjarAtI duhAo ApyA che. "prabandhacintAmaNimAM jUnAgaDhano rAjA navaghaNa maraNa pAmatAM tenI zokAkula rANInA mukhamAM je dUhAo mUkavAmAM AvyA che, temAMnA keTalAka emAM che. janasamAjamAM tema lokasAhityamAM e dUhAo Aje paNaalabatta arvAcIna bhASAmAM-rANakadevInA dUhA' tarIke prasiddha che. "purAtana prabandhasaMgraha'mAM pR. 3pa upara 109mA padya tarIke je dUhe chapAye che, temAM "gUjarAta"ne prayoga che - 136

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gujarAta"nA ule khe bali garuA giranAra dIhU nIjharaNe jharai / bApuDI gujarAta pANIhai pahura paDai || 6 A ja dUDAnA Azaya atyAre janasamAjamAM pracalita rANaka devInA dUhAmAM kAMIka prakArAntare maLe che; juo-- saravA sAraDa deza, jyAM sAvajaDAM sejaLa pIe; mAru pATaNa deza, jyAM pANI vinA peArA mare, uparyukta ' purAtana prabandhasaMgraha 'mAMnA prabandha judI judI pAMca hAthapratAmAMthI maLatA prabandhAnuM vyavasthita ekIkaraNa che. emAMnI P sanaka hAthapratanA aMtima pRSTha upara AgaLa jaNAvelA dUhAo, kumArapAla-rAjyaprAptiprabandha tathA bIjuM eka dRSTAnta lakhelu che. e ja pRSTha upara mULa granthakAranA antima ullekha nIce pramANe che-- sirivastupAlanaMdaNamaMtI sarajayatasiMha bhaNaNatthaM / nAgiMdagaccha maMDaNaudaya pahasUrisIseNaM // jiNabhaddeNa ya vikamakAlAu navai ahiyabArasae / nANA kahANa pahANA esa padhAvahI raphe // arthAt zrIvastupAlanA putra jayaMtasiMhanA pAna arthe nAgendragacchanA udayaprabhasUrinA ziSya jinabhadre sa. 1290mAM vividha kathAnakapradhAna A praznadhAvalInI racanA karI. jo ke e kRtimAM sa. 1290 pachI banelI ghaTanAevu jemAM varNana Ave che, evA keTalAka prabandha pAchaLathI kAI e dAkhala karI dIdhA che; paraMtu e sivAyane khAkIne! bhAga jinabhadranI kRti mAnavAmAM kAI paNa bAdha nathI, ema sauMpAdaka munizrI jinavijayajInA mata che. 8. ahIM 'gUjarAta' strIliMgamAM che. A viSayanI vadhu carcA mATe AgaLa jue.. 137

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itihAsanI keDI TUMkamAM, Psaraprade sonavAjyAni ezIrSaka nIcenA prAcIna gUjarAtI dUhAo saM. 1290mAM jinabhake karelI saMkalanAno ja eka bhAga che. mArA mAnavA mujaba, e dUhAono samaya vAstavika rIte to saM. 1290 nI pUrvene gaNavo joIe. merUtuMgAcAryo saM. 1761mAM prabandhacintAmaNi" lakhyo, temAM rANakadevInA dUhA maLe che; paNa sau koI svIkAre che ke e dUhAo lokasAhityamAM to e pUrve pracalita hovA joIe. have e ja dUhA saM. 1290nI A jinabhadranI kRtimAM uta thayela maLe che, eTale tyAra pahelAM e lokajIbhe caDyA hovA joIe. siddharAje soraTha upara saM. 1170mAM vijaya meLavyo hato, e siddha hakIkata che, eTale tyAra pachInAM varSomAM lokakavioe A dUhAo janatAmAM vahetA mUkyA haze. eTale zatAbdIo thayA gUjarAta pitAnI smRtimAM jALavI rAkhelI A mArmika zikakavitAno samaya vikramanA teramA saikAnA AraMbhamAM mAnIe to jarAe vadhAre paDatuM nathI. e jotAM, upara Takelo. 'gUjarAta ne ullekha paNa e samayane gaNAvo joIe. Ama gUjarAta" A prayoga saM. 1299nA "AburAsanI pUrva che. saM. 1290mAM racAyelA granthamAMthI te maLe che mATe ja tene AburAsanI pachI mUkayo che. sAhityamAM "gUjarAtIne prayoga thavA lAge tyAra pahelAM e nAma lokasamAjamAM pracalita thaI cUkeluM, tene A paNa eka pUrAvo che. 3. prabhAcaMdrasUrikRta "prabhAvacarita(saM. 1334) gUjarAta'ne trIjo mahatvano ullekha prabhAcandrasUrikRta "prabhAvakacarita'mAM maLe che. gujarAtanA madhyakAlIna sAMskRtika ItihAsa mATe ati mahattvano A aitihAsika saMskRta caritragrantha saM. 1734mAM eTale ke sAraMgadeva vAghelAnA rAjyakALamAM racAyela che. emAM 138

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"gujarAta "nA ulekhe bappabhadisUricarita'mAM kanojano AmarAjA bapabhadisUrInA cAritryanI parIkSA karavA mATe temanA upAzrayamAM eka gaNikAne mekale che. paraMtu gaNikAne A kAryamAM niSphaLatA sAMpaDatAM te rAjA pAse AvIne eka apabhraMza dUThe bole che, te nIce pramANe che gayavara kerai sattharai pAya pasAriu sutta / niccorI gujarAta jimva nAha na keNai bhutta // arthAta gajavara(bappabhadisUrinuM "gajavara" evuM biruda hatuM)nA sAtharAmAM paga pasArIne sutelA te nAtha niccorI (2) gujarAtanI jema keIthI bhagavAyA nahi. A ullekha saM. 1334no eTale ke gUjarAtanA svataMtra hindu rAjyano aMta Avyo, te samayathI 26 varSa pUrvane che. vaLI "prabhAvacarita'nA maMgalAcaraNamAM ja tenA kartA prabhAcandrasUri lakhe che ke, "bahuzruta munio pAsethI sAMbhaLIne tema ja prAcIna granthamAMthI ekatra karIne A ItivRtto huM varNavuM chuM." arthAta saMskRtamAM graMthamAM utArelo A apabhraMza dUho saM. 1334 pUrvene ja che, emAM zaMkA rahetI nathI. saMskRta kAvya ke prabandhamAM laktirUpa apabhraMza ke jUnA gujarAtI dUhAo ApavAnI eka janI paraMparA jaina sAhityamAM che. bappabhadisUrine jIvanakALa "prabhAvakacarita mAM jaNAvyA pramANe vikramanI navamI zatAbdI che. A duho paNa tenA mULa svarUpe eTale prAcIna haze ke kema e kahevuM muzkela che, paNa "prabhAvaka carita'ne racanA samayathI ghaNA kALa pUrve te dUha lokemAM-khAsa karIne prabhAcaMdrasuri jemane nirdeza kare che, tevA "bahuzrata muniomAM pracalita thaI cUkyo haze, emAM zaMkA nathI. 9. ahIM paNa "gUjarAta" strIliMgamAM che. A viSayanI vadhu carcA mATe AgaLa juo. 139

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itihAsanI keDI 4. aMbadevasUrikRti "samarArAsa' (saM. 1771) A pachI, saM. 13 71mAM lakhAyelo aMbadevasUrikRta "samarArAsa" Ave che. zrI. cImanalAla dalAla saMpAdita " prAcIna gUrjara kAvyasaMgrahamAM te chapAyo che. zrI. narasiMharAve temanAM vyAkhyAnonA bIjA bhAgamAM (pR. 197) A rAsanI racyAsAla saM. 1471 ApI che, te zaratacUka lAge che. saM. 17 69mAM pATaNanA sUbA alaphakhAne zatruMjaya uparanA maMtrI bAhaDe baMdhAvelA jaina mandirane toDI nAkhyuM hatuM. AthI pATaNanA eka dhanika osavAla samarasiMhe alaphakhAna pAse jaI jaina saMghanI dUbhAyelI lAgaNI darzAvI, tathA bIjA devasthAnane bhraSTa karavAmAM na Ave e mATenuM pharamAna karAvyuM. samarasiMhe zatruMjayanA maMdirano jIrNoddhAra karavAnI paravAnagI meLavI be varSamAM teno jIrNoddhAra karAvyo, tathA pATaNathI eka moTo saMgha laI te zatruMjaya gayo tathA tyAMnAM maMdira ane mUrtinI pratiSThA karIe aitihAsika prasaMga A kAvyamAM varNavela che. tenI bAramI bhavAnI cothI kaDImAM nIce premANe gUjarAta no ullekha che-- sohaga Upari maMjariya bIjIya seji udhAri / ...tamara samara i sAvara gujharAta | ahIM gunarAtano prayoga soraTha saMbaMdhI varNana karatAM thayelo che, e vastu khAsa noMdha mAgI le che. pa. gharmakalazamunikRta "jinakuzalasUri-paTTAbhiSeka rAsa (saM. 1397) A pachI dharmakalazamunikRta "jinakuzalasUri-paTTAbhiSeka rAsa" Ave che. zrI. agaracaMda nAhaTA tathA bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA-saMpAdita 140

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gujarAtanA ullekhe aitihAsika jaina kAvyasaMgrahamAM A rAsa prasiddha thayela che. kharatara gacchanA mahAna prabhAvaka AcArya jinakuzalasuri(jemanuM dIkSita nAma kuzalakIrti hatuM)no paTTAbhiSekamahotsava pATaNamAM saM. 13 77nA jeTha vada agiyArasanA divase savAla zeTha tejapAla tathA tenA bhAI rudrapAle bhAre dhAmadhUmathI karAvyo hato ane padasthApanA rAjendra candrasUrinA haste karavAmAM AvI hatI, e prasaMganuM vistRta ane chaTAdAra varNana A kAvyamAM che. jaina gUrjara sAhityamAM A prakAranAM saMkhyAbaMdha kAvyo lakhAyelAM che. sAmAnya rIte AvAM kAvya je te prasaMga vItI gayA pachI turata ja, ghaNuMkharuM to e prasaMga najare jonAra kavinI kalame ja lakhAya che, eTale A paTTAbhiSekarAsa paNa dhamakalaze saM. 1377mAM athavA te pachI turata ja racyo haze, ema mAnavuM yogya che. A kAvyanI 22mI kaDImAM nIce pramANe gujarAtano prayoga che - sayala saMghaha sapala saMghaha keli AvAsu / aNahilapura vara nayara gujarAta dhara mukhaha maMDaNu / desadesaMtari tahi miliya sayala saMgha parisaMta jima ghaNu pATa dhuraMdhara saMThaviu miliya milAvai bhUri / saMgha mahoccu kArAvai vAjatai ghaNa tUri // 6. bhASAonAM prAcIna udAharaNa (1pamA saikA pahelAM) kalakattAne "rAjasthAnI" vaimAsikanA bhAga 3, aMka 3mAM mAthAlAM cAra navIna kAraNa e zIrSaka nIce eka rasika ane manoraMjaka prAcIna gadyapadAmika kRti chapAyela che. gUjarAta, mALavA, pUrva ane mahArASTra ema cAra pradezanI strIo zatruMjaya upara ghabhanAthanA maMdiramAM bhegI thAya che ane potapotAnI bhASAmAM 11

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itihAsanI keDI vAtacIta kare che. 10 A kRtimAM racyAsAla nathI, paNa tenI hAthaprata vikramanA caudamA saikAnA uttarArdhamAM "vividhatIrthakalpa' lakhanAra jinaprabhasUrinA ziSyanA hAthe lakhAyela che, AthI A hAthapratane samaya vikramanA paMdaramA saikAnA pahelA pAda karatAM arvAcIna hoI zake nahi; ane kRti pote to enAthI jUnI ja hovI ghaTe. 11 A kRtimAM gUjarAta'nA traNa prayoga maLe che, jemAMnA pahelA be gUjarAtaNanI bhASAmAM ane trIje marAThaNanI bhASAmAM che- (1-2) ta prathamAM cAnavA gUjarI nAyakA bhaNai / ahe bAi eha tumhArA desu kavaNa lekhAmAMhi gaNiyai / kisau desu gujarAtu,12 sAMbhali mAharI vAta / xxx anI kisau ghaNau bhaNiyai mAharI mAi eha desa gujarAti12 chADI kari anai dezi kisI pari manu jAi / 10. gujjari taha mAlaviNI pUraviNI tahya caiva marahaTThI / saMpattAiya nArI sittujje risahabhavaNaMmi // haMsajuyala komala kamali jima sari bullai sArasI / tima ramaNi pikkhi jiNavarabhavaNi niyaniya bullai pArasI // 11. A mAhitI "rAjasthAnI mAM ApelI nathI, paNa purAvid munizrI jinavijayajIe mane aMgata vAtacItamAM ApI hatI. vikramanA caudamAM saikAnA AraMbhamAM lakhAyelI AvI eka bhASAnI hAthaprata teozrInI pAse che, temAM tathA e ja arasAmAM lakhAyelI bIjI eka kRtimAM "gujarAtane prayoga che; paraMtu A lekha taiyAra thayo tyAM sudhImAM e ulekha prApta karavAne suyoga maLyo nathI, tethI tenI mAtra noMdha karI che. uparyukta mahatvanA ulekhe pratye dhyAna kheMcavA mATe huM munino AbhArI chuM. 12-12. A banne sthaLe gajarAta" zabda pUrliMgamAM che, e tene deza" tarIke varNavavAmAM Avyo che, tene AbhArI che. "gajarAtanA liMga viSe vadhu carcA AgaLa karI che. 142

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'gujarAtanA ullekha (3) tari bhavika janataM pucchasi maI anika desa dezAMtara cAturdizA mAga mayA dekhunnii| x x x tariyA iki nahIM sAgina purI satari sahasra gujarAtA cA bhItarI giri settujaM cA upari / 7. devaprabhagaNikRta "kumArapAlAsa" (15mA saikAno pUrvArdha) A pachIno ullekha devaprabhagaNikRta "kumArapAlarAsane che. A rAsa mArA taraphathI "bhAratIya vidyA trimAsikanA pu. 2 aMka 3mAM chapAye che. 41 roLAmAM lakhAyelA A TUMkA kAvyamAM kumArapAle pravartAvelI amAri gheSaNa tathA teNe kADhelA zatruMjayanA saMdhanuM varNana che. rAsanA aMte kavi rAsaMvata Apato nathI, paNa pitAne somatilakasUrinA ziSya tarIke oLakhAve che. have somatilakasUri saM. 1424 sudhI vidyamAna hatA. saM. 1936nI eka granthaprazastimAM saMmatilakasUrinA ziSyasamudAyamAM "mugdhAvabodha auktikakAra kulamaMDananI sAthe devaprabhanuM nAma maLe che, eTale vikramane paMdaramA zatakanA pUrvArdhamAM A kAvya racAyAnuM siddha thAya che. e kAvyanI 23mI kaDI nIce pramANe che - maMtrIya mokalI desi desi bahu saMgha melAvai, dhAmI bahu AsIsa diiM, rAu jAta calAvai, desa videsaha miliya saMgha pahutau gUjarAta, bAhuDa maMtrI vInavai e suNi svAmI vAta. 8. jayazekharasUrikRta "tribhuvanadIpakapraba (15mA saikAne uttarArdha). "upadezacintAmaNi," "dhammillacarita," "jaina kumArasaMbhava Adi saMskRta graMthanA kartA aMcalagacchIya jayazekharasUrie saM. 146ramAM "prabodhacittAmaNi" nAme eka sundara rUpakagranthinI

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itihAsanI keDI saMskRtamAM racanA karI che. e pachI enA vastumAM nahIM jevA pheraphAra karI temaNe gUjarAtImAM "tribhuvanadIpaprabandha13 nAmathI atyaMta chaTAdAra ane prAsAdika kAvya racyuM che. eTale e kAvya saM. 1462 pachI thoDA samayamAM racAyuM hovuM joIe. cokkasa varSa kavie ApyuM nathI. "tribhuvanadIpakaprabandha'nI 116mI kaDImAM nIce mujaba 'gUjarAta ne ullekha maLe che-- karmavasiM jIva ciTugati phirai, pitara tagaDaM tihAM tarpaNa karai / gaMgAtaDi jala UrevIiM, gujarAta tihAM aMbA pIiM // 14 9. hirANa dararikRta "vastupAlarAsa (saM. 1485) suprasiddha "vitAvilAsapavADAnA kartA hirANadarie saM. 148pamAM "vastupAlarAsa racyo che. temAM vastupAle karelI zatruMjayanI tIrthayAtrAnA prasaMgamAM judA judA dezonAM nAma gaNAvyAM che. tyAM nIce pramANe "gUjarAta ne ullekha paNa maLe che- ___isau eka zrIzatrujayataNara vicAru, mahimAnau bhaMDAru, maMtrIzvari manamAhi jAgI, utsaraMga ANI yAtrA upari udyama kIdhau, puNyaprasAda tehanau manoratha sodhau / hiva aMga caMga tilaMga kaliMga...... marusthala lADa meyavADa gUjarAta pArijAta siMdhujAta...... mAlava marahaTha soraTha kAsI kuMkaNa paMcAla baMgAla pramukha evaMviha dekhanA caturvidha zrIzramaNasaMgha calAviu / 13. prasiddhaH paM. lAlacaMdra bhagavAnadAsa gAMdhI taraphathI. e kAvyamAMthI thoDAka bhAga kamI karI tathA te pharI vAra saMpAdita karI sva. kezavalAla dhruve temanAM paMdaramA zatakanAM prAcIna gurjarakAvyamAM "prabodhacintAmaNi" nAmathI apAvyuM che. 14. A avataraNavALA bhAga sva. dhruve cheDI dIdhe che. 144

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"gujarAtanA ullekha A rAsa hajI aprasiddha che. tenI hAthaprata mane munizrI puNyavijyajI pAsethI maLI hatI. 1. padmanAbhakRta "kAnhaDade prabandha (saM. 1512) A pachI saM. 151ramAM racAyeluM padmanAbhanuM aitihAsika varasapUrNa kAvya "kAnhade prabandha' Ave che. emAM "gUjarAta'ne prayoga nIce pramANe tera vakhata Ave che. A tera paikI bAra prayoga te e prabandhanA pahelA khaMDamAM ja Ave che, ke jemAM mukhyatve alAuddInanA lazkaranI gujarAta upara caDhAI tathA tyAM teNe karelo raMjADa varNavAyAM che. bIjA khaMDamAM gUjarAta' mAtra eka ja vAra Ave che tathA bAkInA be khaMDamAM e prayoga bilakula nathI. emAMnA pahelA traNa ullekho zrI. narasiMharAve nedhyA che- (1) 'gUjarAtinaM bhojana karUM ju tarakA` AgUM arahUM' mAdhava mahitai kariu adharma; navi chUTIi AgilAM karma. (1-15) (2) pUchai vAta pAtasAha hasI-gUjarAti 15 te kahIi kisI ? sirayU laMbAyata batrapura ? vidhU pIvADha mAM dUra ? (2-22) 15. A sthaLe "gajarAta" spaSTa rIte strIliMgamAM che. rANakadevInA duhAmAMno saM. 1290 pUrvano je atiprAcIna pravega agAu utAryo che, temAM paNa vAparI pUnarAta e pramANe "gUjarAta" strIligamAM che. saM. 1334mAM racAyela " prabhAvakacarita mAMthI uddhata karavAmAM AvelA apaza dUhAmAM paNa nighora gunarAta e pramANe gujarAta" zabda strIliMgamAM che. "bhASAonAM prAcIna udAharaNa"mAM "gujarAta" pulligamAM che, te enI pUrve vaparAyela deza" zabdanI asarathI che, ema meM kahyuM che (juo Ti. 12), A sivAya bIjA saMkhyAbaMdha progomAM liga saMdigdha rahe che athavA AgaLapAchaLa mukAyelA "deza" zabdane kAraNe pulligamAM che. "cokhaMDI kaMkAvaTI, ne navakhaMDI gUjarAta" e lokagItamAM tathA "gAMDI gujarAta, Ayuse

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itihAsanI keDI (3) gUjarAti syaM mAMDisi kalahu; mAhArai sAthi kaTaka mokalau; druDI hIMdU ghAlU rAni, eka mArUM eka jhAlUM bAna. (1-27) ( 4 ) khUnakAra taM sAcaM jANi, gUjarAti leI AbUM prANi. tatakhiNa tUThau asapati rAu; tasa Apyu paMcAGga pasAu. ( 1-28) (5) alukhAna balavantu bAMdu tAsa dIuM phuramANa; gUjarAti Upari dala nyudhA; bIDaUM dIU suratANi. (1-36) (6) gUjarAti soraTha somaIA vAhari visamaM vItaM; mamA rA&i kIdha3, arlIna TrasTa nI. (2-2 ) (7) dIdhI vATa samarasI rAuli; AvyAM kaTaka banAsi; gUjarAti baMbAA paDatAH tatakhiNa paDIu trAsa. (1-50) (8) bhAgA desa kAhAnama ciDottara bAvananI kheDa hAri; gUjarAtinu khokhara bhAthu ajIya na Avai pAra. (1-58.) lAta, pIchuse bAta' e kahevatamAM "gUjarAta" strIliMgamAM che. vaLI "ahughari AvI raheje, nahi to AkhuM saghalI gujarAti" (madhusUdana vyAsa- haMsAvatIvikramacaritravivAha "--saM. 1606-kaDI 451), jaya jaya garavI gujarAta" (narmada), kenI konI che gajarAta' (narmada), "suNa garavI gujarAta, "vAta huM kahuM kAnamAM (malabArI), "guNavaMtI gujarAta, amArI guNavaMtI gujarAta" (khabaradAra), gujarAta morI morI re" (umAzaMkara) vagere ziSTa kavionA prayogomAM paNa "gujarAta" strIliMgamAM che. "gajarAtanAM saMskRta tathA prAkRtamAM anukrame pUrNaratra ane gujharatA rUpo maLe che, te paNa sroliMgamAM hoya che. eTale mAruM mAnavuM che ke "ThakarAta," "bhIlAta ane "olAta"nI jema "gujarAta" paNa mULa strIliMgamAM haze. tenI sAthe deza" abhihita ke adhyAhata rahetAM tene puligamAM-tathA bIjA keTalAka prAto ane dezanAM nAma napuMsakaliMgamAM prayojAtAM hoI napuMsakaliMgamAM paNa-prayoga karavAmAM Ave che, e mAro tarka che.

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gujarAta 'nA ullekhe ( 9 ) bhagI kaTaka UpaDyAM asAuli gaDha mAMhi mehalUM thAM. gujarAta desa hIloM, ati kI tarakANe. (1-67 ) (10) gUjarAti mAMhi tAkhati kIdhI, sahU sAmaTI lIdhUM; vAjI sAna; khAna somaIA bhaNI piyA kI bUM. (1-71 ) (11) mAharA dala sAhamaM kuNa mAMDai ? dekhi mAharI bAta ? ANI muhimai desa bi lIdhA soraTha nai gUjarAti (1-114 ) (12) kaTaka sanAhu, hAthI, ghoDA, sAhaNa saMkha nai pAra, gUjarAta, soraThIo mANasa jhAlyAM bAna apAra. ( 1-179 ) (13) ima jANi sAcai ahinANi, maI navi jANiu nizci jANi, pAtasAhi ima kahAvI vAta, 'sAMtalanai ApUM gUjarAta ( 2 - 161 ) e ja kAvyamAM ' gUjarAta 'te mATe vaikalpika ' gUjara' prayAga paNa maLe che " tithi avasara gUjara dhara rAi, sAraMgade nAmi bolAi ( 1-13 ) lADa desa ni sindhu savAlakha, gUjara soraTha lIdha ( 2-63 ) Aja sudhI paNa ' gUrjara ' nAma ziSTa lekhanamAM cAlu raheluM che ja. 11, lakSmIsAgarasUrita vastupAla-tejapAlarAsa ( 16 mA zata pUrvArtha ) " }, B lakSmIsAgarasUriSkRta vastupAla -- tejapAlarAsa 'mAM kartAe cAsAla ApI nathI, paNa tene samaya nakkI thai zake ema che. 16 lakSmIsAgarasUri e ' vimalaprabandha 'kAra prasiddha kavi lAvaNya 19. prasiddha 'jaina sAhitya saMzodha' ' iti viSe 21. narasiMharAvalAI potAnAM vyAbhyAno ( bhAga 2, 5. 20) bhAMje cheH 147

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itihAsanI keDI samayanA guru samayaratananA guru hatA. paTTAvalio uparathI jaNAya che ke temano janma saM. 1464mAM thayo hato, tathA temane sUripada saM. 1508mAM ane gacchanAyakapada saM. 1517mAM maLyuM hatuM. 'vimalaprabandha'nI prazastimAM jaNAvyA mujaba, saM. 1521mAM lakSmIsAgarasUrie lAvaNyasamayane dIkSA ApI hatI. temanuM avasAna saM. 1537mAM thayAnuM manAya che, paNa e sAla zaMkAspada che. game tema, paNa vastupAla-tejapAlarAsa" e temane sUcipada maLyA pachInI eTale ke saM. 1508 pachInI racanA che, e cokkasa. e rAsa saM. 1512 pachI racAyo hoya to 'kAnhaDade prabadha'thI A taraphano gaNAya. enI bIjI kaDI nIce pramANe che - vastupAla tejiga taNau amhe bolisa rAso / bharahaSetra dhuri gUjarAta aNahilanivAso / / " The date of this work is not ascertainable nor the author's name." paraMtu "jaina sAhityasaMzodhaka mAM chapAyelA rAsanI pamI kaDImAM lakSmIsAgarasUri boliu e giruu eha ji rAsa e pramANe kartA pitAnuM nAma Ape che, ane tethI upara jaNAvyuM tema, kRtino racanAkALa nakkI thaI zake che. sva. cimanalAla dalAle pAMcamI sAhitya pariSada samakSa rajU karelA pATaNanA granthabhaMDAre viSenA nibaMdhamAM A kAvya vize je TUMka noMdha karelI te ja mAtra sva. narasiMharAvabhAI pAse hatI. sva. dalAle noMdhelI pratamAM kartAnuM nAma ja nahotuM. parantu A kAvyanI mAtra be ja kaDIonuM pRthakkaraNa karIne "mana and hisi3 belong to a period not earlier than the latter half of the fourteenth century A. D., so far as I can see - e pramANe tenA racanAkALa saMbaMdhI lagabhaga satya nirNaya upara narasiMharAvabhAI svataMtrapaNe AvI gayA che. 148

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gujarAta"nA ullekha 12, depAlakRta jaMbusvAmI-paMcabhavacaritra" (saM. 1para) bhojaka kavi depAle saM. 15raramAM jaMbusvAmI paMcabhavacaritra"17 lakhyuM che. tenI 13pamI kaDI nIce pramANe che - gaMgAtaTi jala UrevII, gUjarAta kima AMbA pIi / jIva marInai cihugati bhamai, je visa pAi te puNa marai / / tribhuvanadIpakaprabandha"mAMnI AgaLa utArelI paMktio ja depAle DAka pAThAntara sAthe lIdhI che. athavA kadAca ema paNa hoya ke A paMktio eka kahevatanA rUpamAM pracalita banI gaI hoya, jeno upayoga depAle karyo hoya. jo ema hoya to te "gUjarAta" zabdaprayoganI vyApakatA sUcave che. upasaMhAra A pachInA samayane sAhityamAM "gUjarAta'ne prayoga tapAsavAnI jarUra mane lAgatI nathI,18 kAraNa ke vikramanA soLamA zatakanA 17. mArA mitra 5. amRtalAla mohanalAla bhejaka pAsenI saM. 1pa60mAM lakhAyelI hAthapratane meM upayoga karyo che. kAvya hajI aprasiddha che. depAla kavi mATe juo "jaina gUrjara kavio, bhA. 1, pR. 37-42. 18. uparyukta kavi depAlanI pachI thayelA-athavA saMbhavataH enA samakAlIna-mAMDaNu baMdhArAkRta prabodhabatrIzI mAM jANezi jA tu yama kari caDI, gUjarAta zerI sAMkaDI." (kaDI para) A pramANe "gUjarAta ne ullekha che. "prabodhabatrIzI nA kartAnI eka pratijJA tatkAlIna kahevatono saMgraha karavAnI che; prastuta sthaLe "gujarAta zerI sAMkaDI ne prayoga spaSTa rUpe kahevata tarIke ja thAya che. janasamAjanA sarva sAmAnya uktibhaMDaLamAM praveza pAmelAM AvAM vAka sAmAnyata: 149

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itihAsanI keDI pUrvArdha sudhInuM sAhitya paNa e zabdaprayoganI vyApakatA batAvI Ape che. bIjuM, ahIM rajU karelA pramANe e paNa batAvI Apaze ke, "ApaNA prAntanuM "gUjarAta" e nAma muslima rAjyakALa pahelAM sarvasAmAnya pracAramAM nahotuM, ane e nAmano pahele vizvAsapAtra prayoga ApaNuM sAhityamAM "kAnhaDade prabandha"mAMthI maLe che"--e mata have sAdhAra gaNI zakAya ema nathI. vikramanA agiyAramA saikAno lekhaka alabirunI " gUjarAta ne ullekha kare che, eTaluM ja nahi, paNa lAdeza aNuhilavADanI dakSiNe 170 mAIla dUra Avelo che, ema jaNAve che; vikramanA teramA saikAmAM racAyelA "AburAsa'mAM tathA saM. 1290 pUrvanA rANakadevInA lokadUhAmAM paNa gujarAtane prayoga che; vikramanA caudamA saikAnA pUrvArdhamAM racAyela * prabhAvakacaritamAM uddhata thayelA apabhraMza dalAmAM paNa "gUjarAta ne prayoga che tathA e ja samayano iTAliyana musAphara mArko polo potAnA pravAsavarNanamAM gUjarAta nI noMdha le che. A cAre ullekho muslima rAjyakALa pUrvanA che; "samarArAsa" tathA "jikuzalasUri-paTTAbhiSekarAsamAMthI maLelA "gUjarAta'nA ullekho muslima rAjyakALa pachI turatanA ja che. alabirunI ane mArko polo jevA paradezIoe to te kALanI jIvatI bhASAmAM pracalita prayoga ja sAMbhaLIne nevyo. hovo joIe. paradezIonI dhamAM tema ja tatkAlIna dezabhASAnA ziSTa sAhitya tema ja lokasAhityamAM paNa "gUjarAta' zabdano prayoga ghaNAM junAM hoya che ane temanI pAchaLa ghaNu vAra prajAjIvananAM kaMi kaMI rahasya chupAyelAM hoya che. prastuta ukti gujarAtanAM jUnAM zaheronI racanA paratve suzliSTa saMkSepamAM eka etihAsika satya rajU kare che, e bhAgye ja kahevuM paDe tema che. mAMDaNa vikramanA soLamA saikAmAM thaI gayo. eTale teNe potAnA kAvyamAM vaNI lIdhelo, tenA ja zabdomAM kahIe to, A "ukhANa" tenA samaya karatAM saheje betraNa sikA jeTale jano haze, ema mAnavAmAM aitihAsika satyonI avagaNanA nahi thAya. 150

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gujarAtanA ullekhe che. emAM sauthI pahelo alabinIno ullekha dhyAnamAM letAM, ApaNA prAnta mATe khAsa karIne uttara ane madhya gUjarAta mATe gUjarAta' e nAma vikramanA agiyAramA zatakamAM mULarAja solaMkIne rAjyakALa daramiyAna pracAramAM AvyuM hovuM joIe. 19 19. ahIM eka AnuSaMgika prazna Ubho thAya che. A prAntanI bhASAne gujarAtI" nAma kayAre maLyuM ? IsavI sananI arADhamI sadInI adhavacamAM ApaNI bhASAne A nAma maLyuM, ema zrI narasiMharAva mAne che. alabatta, temaNe batAvyuM che te pramANe, vikramane arADhamAM saikAnA uttarArdhamAM lakhAyelA premAnaMdanA "nAgadamaNamAM ane I. sa. 1731 (saM. 1787)mAM lA kojhe nAme jarmananI noMdhapothImAM ApaNI bhASA mATe "gujarAtI" nAma pahelIvAra vaparAyeluM maLe che. paNa agiyAramA-bAramA saikAmAM A prAntane mATe "gajarAta" nAma pracAramAM AvyA pachI bhASAne "gujarAtI" nAma maLatAM bIjA pAMca-cha saikA vItI jAya e zuM svAbhAvika che? premAnaMda pUrvenA sAhityamAMthI ApaNI bhASA mATe "apabhraSTa girA" (narasiMha mahete), prAkRta " (padmanAbha ane akha), apabhraMza" ane "gurjarabhASA" (bhAlaNa) evAM nAma atyAra sudhImAM maLyAM che, paNa tethI zuM ema pUravAra thaI zake ke janasamAjamAM e vakhate "gujarAtI" nAma nahIM ja bolAtuM hoya? "tavArIkhe phariztA"(I. sa. 1610 == saM. 1666) ane "mirAte sikaMdarI" (I. sa. 1611 = saM. 1667) e muslima tavArIkhanA lekhako amadAvAdanA sultAnone "ahamadazAha gujarAtI, " "mahammadazAha gujarAtI" evAM nAmathI oLakhAve che. bIjI rIte paNa mirAte sikaMdarIne lekhaka gUjarAtavAsI lokone "gujarAtI" nAma Ape che. gata sorImAM mANasa jyAM vAna apAra (?-? 72) e 'kAnhaDade prabandha" (2. saM. 1512)ne ullekhamAM garatano artha gujarAtI gujarAtanA vatanI evo che, e spaSTa che. madhusUdana vyAsakRta 'haMsAvatI-vikramacaritravivAha" (2. saM. 1606)nA trevarena gunarAti rAya (kaDI 606) e ullekhamAM paNa gujarAtane prAga vizeSaNa tarIke thaye hoya e azakaya nathI. vaLI puSTimArgIya kavi mahAvadAsakRta "gokulanAthajIno vivAha" (saM. 1924) e kAvyamAM gujarAtI sAtha," "dA valo gujarAtine," "gujarAtiya loka" evA 151

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itihAsanI keDI saMskRta-prAkRta sAhitya, zilAlekho ane tAmrapatro jevAM viddhanmAnya lakhANamAM enAM gUrjaratrA" "gUrjaratrA," "gujajarattA' ke "gujarATa' jevAM saMskArelAM kRtrima rUpane sthAna maLe e samajI zakAya evuM che. prayoga maLe che (juo phArbasa sabhAnAM hastalikhita pustakonI nAmAvali, bhAga 2, pR. 259). muni zrI jazavijayajI pAse kRSNajIvanane lagatA kaI jaina rAsAnI eka tUTaka hAthapratanAM mAtra 8 thI 11 sudhInAM cAra pAnAM che. Adi-aMta maLatAM nathI eTale kartAnuM ke kRtinuM nAma tathA rAsaMvata jANI zakAtAM nathI. paNa bhASA ane lipi uparathI prata vikramanA sattaramAM sikAmAM lakhAyelI lAge che. A rAsAnA 11mA pAnA upara 11mI DhALanA AraMbhamAM " hAla 11mI gujarAtI phalaDAnI e pramANe dezIne DhALano nirdeza che. have, "hariyAlI" (TakAM padamAM vinodAtmaka avaLavANI dvArA gUDha AdhyAtmika arthone nirdeza karate eka june kAvyaprakAra)ne 'phUlaDAM' nAmathI oLakhAvavAmAM Ave che, ane te ja artha je ahIM udiSTa hoya te gajarAtI phUlaDAMmAM "gujarAtI e bhASAnuM ja nAma gaNAya, ane e rIte premAnaMda pUrvene A gujarAtI bhASAno ullekha gaNAya. A ullekhane ghaDIbhara bAjue rAkhIe to paNa jo A prAntanA vatanIo, upara jaNAvyA pramANe, "gujarAtI" kahevAtA heAya to temanI bhASA paNa e nAme oLakhAya e azakya nathI ane uparanAM pramANe dhyAnamAM letAM premAnaMdanI pahelAM lokabolImAM paNa ApaNuM bhASA mATe gujarAtI" nAma nahIM ja vaparAtuM hoya ema mAnavuM vadhAre paDatuM che. alabatta, A dizAmAM vizeSa saMzodhananI jarUra che. 15ra

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ApaNuM lokavArtAviSayaka prAcIna sAhitya eka tulanAtmaka daSTi be dasakA pahelAM keTalAka sAhityarasikonuM mAnavuM hatuM ke gujarAtanuM prAcIna sAhitya mAtra dharmaraMgathI ja raMgAyeluM hatuM, ane vArtAo racavAnI kharI zarUAta te mAtra zAmaLe ja "kaThuM kathe te zAno kavi" e pramANe premAnandanI ThekaDI karIne karI. vaccharAjakata "rasamaMjarI" Adi keTalIka sAMsArika vArtAo maLI AvelI te apavAdarUpa gaNAtI. purANakathAnA cavAI gayelA viSayo ane tattvajJAnanAM zuSka kAvyo sAMbhaLI sAMbhaLIne kaMTALI gayela janatA mATe vikrama jevA lokottara puruSanI ke bIjI sAmAjika vArtAo racAI ema paNa keTalAka mAnatA. A mAnyatA bhramapUrNa chatAM e vakhatanI janI gUjarAtInA abhyAsa saMbaMdhI alpasAdhanI sthiti tarapha jotAM sAva kudaratI hatI. pAchaLathI jUnI gujarAtInuM je vipula sAhitya jANavAmAM AvyuM che tene AdhAre to ApaNe niHzaMka ema kahI zakIe ke gujarAtamAM kathAvArtA, zRMgAra, AkhyAnAdi, bhakti ane tattvajJAna e sarva prakAranA sAhityapravAho eka ja samaye ane eka ja sAthe vahelA 1. A lekhaka zAmaLa-premAnandanA jhaghaDAmAM mAne che evo A kathanano artha thato nathI. 153

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itihAsanI keDI che. tatkAlIna (arvAcIna paNa kyAM nathI?) gUrjara janatA ja evI vividharaMgI hatI. rakkhai sA visahAriNI be kara cuMbivi jIu / paDibimbia-mujAlu jalu jehiM aDohiu pIu // bAha vichoDavi jAhi tuI hauM temvaI ko dosu / hiaya-TThiu jai nIsarahi jANauM muJja sarosu // 3 upalA dUhA hemacandra siddhahaimanA AThamA adhyAyamAM utAryA che. te vAMcatAM ja koI kathA-kAvyamAMthI utArelA lAge che. bAramA saikAmAM apabhraMzamAM racAyela virahiNIsanTezaviSayaka satterasa X paNa laukika kathA che ema tenA nAma uparathI tathA sva. cimanalAla dalAle te viSe ApelI hakIkata uparathI jaNAya che. teramA saikAnA aMtamAM apabhraMzamAM racAyela jinaprabhAcAryakRta 2. juo, "harilIlAchaDazakalA" upodudhAta pR. 11-12-13. 3saMskRtamAM prAcIna kathAsAhitya puSkaLa che. prAkRtamAM paNa taraMgavatI, vilAsavatI, lIlAvatI, kuvalayamAlA jevAM ati prAcIna kathArane che; paNa atre je lakhavAnuM che te gujarAtI vArtAsAhitya paratve ja hevAthI hemacandranAM apabhraMza avataraNo, jyAM ApaNe prAcInatama gajarAtInuM mULa zodhI zakIe chIe tyAMthI prAraMbha karyo che. 4. juo pAMcamI sAhitya pariSadamAM sva. dalAlane pATaNanA bhaMDAra viSe lekha. 154

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ApaNuM lokavArtAviSayaka prAcIna sAhitya mavizvariya paNa eka laukika kathA che. A ja viSaya upara bhavyakuTuMbacaritra" ke "bhavyakuTuMbasajajhAya" evA nAmathI pAchaLanA jaina kavioe aneka kAvyo racelAM che. pravacantAmaLanA kartA metuMge je aneka dUhAo vagere utAryA che, temAMnA keTalAka, te vakhate gUjarAta-kAThiyAvADamAM pracalita rANakadevI-navaghaNa vagere saMbaMdhI che, jyAre keTalAka kAI saLaMga kathA-vArtAnAM pustakomAMthI lIdhA hoya evuM anumAna thAya che. A pramANe gujarAtanuM lokakathAnuM sAhitya bahu prAcIna che. vikrama, naMda, uSA, mAdhavAnala, sadayavatsa, candanamalayAgirI vagere lokaprasiddha viSayo upara ekathI vadhu gUjarAtI kavioe pitAnI kalama calAvI che. A eka ja viSaya uparanI judA judA kavionI racanAmAM samayAnusAra, prasaMgAnusAra ane dharmAnusAra vividha pheraphAro mAlUma paDe che. kaI kaI vAra purogAmIonI sabaLa asara pachInA kavio upara paDelI dekhAya che. racanAra jaina hoya ke vaidika hoya te pitapotAnA mata pramANe, vRddhamAnya vArtAonA koI prasaMga vadhArIghaTADI pitAne manamAnatA siddhAntanuM pratipAdana kare che. kavacita kavacita ekanI eka vArtA kazAye jIva jevA phera vagara -zodhitavardita AvRtti jevI-jovAmAM Ave che. gujarAtamAM ke hindustAnamAM to zuM, paNa paraspara vyApAra ityAdino prasaMga hoya 5. e vakhatanI apabhraMza bhASAnI jaina zAstrathAo jevI ke susIlyAna, varasAvariya tathA bIjI nAnI kRtio puSkaLa che; lokavArtAmAM gaNAvI zakIe tevI te bhavya kuMvariya jevI eka-be ja che. e sarvanI hAthauto huM jaina jJAnamandira-vaDodarAmAMthI joi zako hato te mATe pra. kAntivijayajI mahArAjano atyaMta AbhArI chuM. 155

Page #165
itihAsanI keDI evA dezone mATe paNa A vastu sAva sAcI jevI-jema ke kathAsaritsAgara"nI koI vAte saheja pheraphAra sAthe "erebiyana nAITasa'mAM dekhAya che. zAmaLa vArtAsAhityane navo ja jhoka Apyo. tenA sarva purogAmIo tenI AgaLa jhAMkhA ane zuSka lAge che te paNa kharuM, chatAM e purogAmIonI zAmaLa upara ochI asara nathI te AgaLa jaNAze. ApaNA prAcIna lokavArtAnA sAhityamAM vikrama jevA lokottara puruSanuM prAdhAnya che, paNa e sivAya bIjI paNa sAmAjika vArtAo maLe che. - zAmaLabhaTa pahelAnuM je vArtAonuM sAhitya maLI Ave che te moTe bhAge jenonuM che. Ano artha keTalAka "atijaina' kare che tema "gUjarAtI sAhityanA utpAdaka jeno che,' ema nathI, paNa sAcavaNInA abhAve vidikanuM ghaNuM sAhitya nAza pAmyuM eTalo ja che. tema chatAM vaidikoe racelI je thoDIghaNI prAcIna vArtAo maLI Ave che, te uparathI jaNAI Ave che ke temanI racanAomAM dharmane gauNasthAna hatuM, jyAre jaina sAdhuoe racelI kathAo bhale ziMgAramaya haze, paNa chevaTe to kAmane kema jItavo e vAtanuM ja emAM prAdhAnya Avaze. " taraMgavatI" vagere prAkRta jaina kathAothI paNa e vAta jaNAya che ane A bAbata tarapha jotAM to ATalI maryAdA ane sImAbandhanamAM rahIne jainoe karelI sAhityasevA tarapha mAnabuddhi pedA thAya che. vArtAnuM sAhitya ghaNuMkharUM samakAlIna samAjanI paristhiti uparathI lakhAyeluM hovAthI te vakhatanI sthiti, AcAravicAra, rItarivAja, vahemo vagere jANavAne paNa bahu upayogI thAya che. 156

Page #166
ApaNuM lekavArtAviSayaka prAcIna sAhitya gUjarAtanA leAkavArtAnA sAhitya viSe vadhAre jANavAnI icchA heya temaNe madhyakAlIna sAhityapravAha'mAM rA. maMjulAla majamudArakRta ' leAkavArtAnuM sAhitya" e viSaya vAMcavA. ahIM prAcIna gUjarAtamAM pracalita vividha lekavArtAo viSe judA judA vienAM kAvyA-temane tulanAtmaka abhyAsa karavAnAM zAM sAdhanA che-vagere vastu A viSayanA rasikane upayegI thai paDe teTalA khAtara ApuM chuM, e mATe jainayuga' mAsikamAM prakTa thayela rA. ma MjulAla majamudAranA 'kAmAvatInI vArtA,' 'vidyAvilAsinInI vArtAnuM mULa' vagere viSaye ne cegya upayoga karyo che e vAtanI sAbhAra noMdha lauM chuM. 6 vArtAenA tulanAtmaka abhyAsane viSaya bahu rasabharyAM hAi sAmAnya mANasane paNa majhA paDe tevA che; ane eka samagra rUpamAM te ahIM pahelI vAra ja rajU thAya che, eTale tenA yeAgya lAbha levAze evI AzA che. mukhapAThe rahelA cAraNI sAhityane vibhAga ja judA che, eTale A sthaLe e viSe kaMi lakhavu aprastuta che. eka sAthe dasapaMdara vArtA viSe lakhavAnu hAvAthI anatA saMkSepa karyo che. (4) 1. siMhAsanabatrIzI; vArtArastAranA rANA vatI MvamAM trivikramasenanI lAMbI kathA Ave che. thAsaritsAra grantha guNADhacanI atiprAcIna paizAcI hRdayane anuvAda che, e vAta te prasiddha che. vetAlapacIsInI vArtA paNa ukta cAritsA=zrRtvathAmAM Ave che, te uparathI hindI leAkavArtAomAM kAyamanuM sthAna pAmela 'paraduHkhabhaMjana vikrama 'e ja trivikrama ema lAge che. guNAca I. sa. nA pahelA bIjA saikAmAM thai gayeleA manAya che eTale lekavArtAnA nAyaka trivikrama'ne tene ullekha sauthI prAcIna che, " 157

Page #167
ItihAsanI keDI paNa siMhAsanabatrIzInAM prAcIna mULa jANI zakAtAM nathI. Azare bAramA saikAmAM maMkare "siMhAsanabatrIzI'nI gadyapadyamaya vArtAo mahArASTra prAkRta uparathI saMskRtamAM lakhI. e uparathI kSemaMkaranI e pahelAM saMskRta-prAkRtamAM A vArtAo racAI hoya, ane kSemaMkaranI alaMkArapracura kRti AgaLa jhAMkhI ane zuSka lAgatAM kALe karIne bhulAI gaI haiya--ema anumAna thaI zake che. e pachI DabhoimAM rAmacandrasUrie saM. 1490mAM vicaritra racyuM che. kSemaMkara ane rAmacandranAM vikramacaritramAM pUtaLIonAM nAma ekasarakhAM nathI, kaI kaI sthaLe vArtAmAM paNa phera Ave che. vikramacaritra saMbaMdhI neMdhapAtra saMskRta grantho paikI kAsadagachIya devamUrtikRta vistRta "vimacaritra' (vikramano paMdarame seke), tathA ajJAta jaina kavikRta vivitha khAsa ullekha mAge che. vimAnI pATaNanA sAgaranA upAzrayanA bhaMDAranI mane maLelI hAthaprata saM. 1pa3ramAM lakhelI hatI, eTale e pahelAM ukta vimevathA racAI haze. chavAnanda vidyAsAgare prakaTa karela dvADhiMraputtAi paNa A sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. gUjarAtI kAvyo paikI jUnAmAM jUnuM malayacandra nAme jaina kavie saM. 1519mAM racelI pAI che. te ghaNe bhAge vimAne anusare che. kAvya khAsa rasa paDe evuM nathI, kAraNa 32 vArtAo ane prAstAvika bhAga e badhuM mAtra 385 kaDIomAM samAvyuM che, paNa siMhAsanabatrIzI viSe jUnAmAM jUnA gUjarAtI kAvya tarIke tenI kiMmata ochI nathI. e pachI siddhisUrie saM. 1616mAM 6. "jaina gUrjara kaviomAM A kAvyanI noMdha nathI. tenI hAthaprata prAcyavidyA maMdiramAM che. 7. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR. 205. 158

Page #168
ApaNuM lokavArtAviSayaka prAcIna sAhitya tathA hIrakalaze saM. 1636mAM siMhAsanabatrIzI racI che. brAhmaNa kavi madhusUdane paNa 1616 lagabhaga gadyapadyamAM sihAsanabatrIzI racI hatI ema jaNAya che. saM. 16 79mAM jaina kavi saMghavijya A cavAI gayelA viSaya upara pharI hAtha ajamAve che.10 e kRti paNa kAvya tarIke te niSphaLa ja che. kartAnA nAma vagaranI vikramakathAno te AbAda anuvAda che. sauthI chellA zAmaLa bhaTa Ave che. tenI siMhAsanabatrIzI AgaLa pUrvanI kRtio DhaMkAI gaI lAge che. tenI kRtimAM sauthI vadhu maulikatA che. "bhAbhArAma" jevI kaI vArtA svataMtra che, jyAre ghaNIkharI rAmacandra ke kSemaMkaranA rUpAntara jevI nathI. teno "paMcadaMDa' to kaI ye siMhAsanabatrIzImAM maLato nathI. A uparathI ema jaNAya che ke cAlatI AvelI paraMparAmAMthI bahAra AvI vizAla saMskRta sAhityanA sAgaramAMthI navIna motI teNe kADhakyAM. (5) 2. paMcadaMDa: kavi zAmaLabhaTe pitAnI siMhAsanabatrIzImAM pAMcamI pUtaLI haMsAnA mukhe "paMcadaMDa'nI vArtA kahevarAvI che. have, pUrvenI kAI ye siMhAsanabatrIzImAM paMcadaMDa"nI vArtA AvatI nathI. kSemakara ke rAmacaMdranI prAcIna kRtiomAM e viSe kaMI ye ullekha nathI. mogapravedha ballAle tema ekabe jaina kavioe race 8. ejana, pR. 235. 9. juo "vimalaprabandhano upadudhAta, pR. 38. 10. A kAvyano ardha uparAMta bhAga mArA taraphathI "sAhitya'nA eprila thI Dise. 1937 sudhInA aMkamAM chapAyA pachI zrI madrabhAI kAMTAvALAnuM avasAna thatAM tathA mAsika baMdha paDatAM kAvyanuM prakAzana paNa adhUruM ja rahyuM che. 159

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itihAsanI keDI che. saMskRta mo'pravandhanuM nAma zAmaLabhaTa le che; paNa adyaparyanta prApta kAi mo'travandhamAM e viSe ullekha nathI. kAi ajJAta jaina lekhakaracita padmanAbha vimAretramU paMDita hIrAlAle chapAvyuM che; te zAmaLabhaTanI vArtA sAthe bahu maLatuM Ave che. saM. 1556mAM ajJAta jaina vie racela 'paMcada DacatuSpadI ' 'buddhiprakAza'nA phebruArI 1972nA aMkamAM meM chapAvI che te paNa zAmaLabhaTTanI vArtA sAthe khUba maLatI Ave che. jo ke ukta saMskRta ane gUjarAtI banne kAvyanA kartAoe jaina dharmanA siddhAntAnu pratipAdana karatA keTalAka prakANa prasaMgeA ityAdi dAkhala karyu che. jainetara vi narapatie sa. 1561mAM paMcaDAtmaka vikramacaritra' racyuM che; 11 te paNa ghaNe bhAge zAmaLabhaTTane maLe che. sattaramA zatakanA AraMbhamAM rAjadharanA paMcadaDa paNa jovA jevA che. ( aDhAramA saikAnA AraMbhamAM jaina kavi labdhirucie paMcadaDanI vArtA 'dezIbaMdu rI che. 12 tenI presakopI meM zrI maMjulAla majamudAra pAse joi hatI. te kRti paNa zAmaLabhaTathI bahu judI paDatI hAya ema jaNAtuM nathI. sa'. 1727mAM jaina kiva lakSmIvallabhe paNa paMcadaMDanI vArtA racI che. 17 uparAMta pATaNamAM saMghanA bhaMDAramAM paMcavachatra nAme nAnI pothI che, temAM sAdI saMskRtamAM pAMcadaMDanI vArtA varNavelI che. pU. va. seA.nA saMgrahamAM sa. 1738mAM lakhelI pratamAM A prasaMga mAravADI bhASAmAM che, te pracalita vArtAthI saheja judA paDe che. 11. A kAvya phAsa gUjarAtI sabhA taraphathI chapAyuM che, 12. jaina gUrjara kivaemAM A kAvyanI noMdha thai nathI. 13. jue jaina gara kavi, bhAga 2, pR. 243, 160 6

Page #170
ApaNuM lakvArtAviSayaka prAcIna sAhitya A badhA uparathI ema lAge che ke "paMcadaMDane prazna bahu gUMcavADAbharela nathI. badhI prasiddha racanAonuM vastu lagabhaga eka ja che. varNana vagerenA bhAvonI ghaNI vAra paraspara Apa-le thayelI hoya che, te te uparyukta kAvyonA sUkSma avalokananA aMte ja jaNAI Ave. pATaNamAM saMdhanA bhaMDAranI eka saMskRti prata nAme savegvenya pU. munizrI puNyavijayajIe kaDhAvI ApI hatI; te "paMcadaMDa" viSenAM A sarva kAvyathI judI paDe che. e phera nIce pramANeH "ujajayinImAM eka zAhukAranI putrI viSakanyA hatI tethI tene koI paraNatuM nahotuM. ethI te kanyA kaMpApAta karatI hatI, tyAM nagaracarcA jovA nIkaLelA vikrame tene joI ane aTakAvI, ApaghAta nahi karavA kahyuM. tyAre kanyAe tene pitAnI sAthe lagna karavA kahyuM. paNa viSakanyA sAthe lagna kare to vikrama pote paNa marI jAya, AthI teNe bacAva kaMIka upAya mAgyo. tyAre viSakanyAe tene devadamanI ghAMcaNa (vAMsaphoDA)ne tyAM mokalyo.' pachInI vArtA badhI zAmaLane maLatI ja che, phera mAtra eTalo ja ke chevaTe, viSApahAra daMDathI vikrama viSakanyAnuM viSa sahI zake che. upara batAvelI vArtAomAM keTaleka sthaLe daMDanAM nAmo paraspara judAM paDe che, tenI pAchaLa paNa eka rasika ItihAsa chupAyo che. zALe rAmacandrasUrinuM vimatra, ane ajJAta kavikRta qSyaetma vizvaritra e banne joyAM haze, ema eka subhASitane teNe karelA avataraNa uparathI lAge che : zAmaLa: jayArI pAse riDI, mAMkaDa keTe hAra, gehelI mAthe beDaluM chAje ketI vAra ? 161

Page #171
itihAsanI keDI ajJAtakaviH juArI ghara ridhaDI, mekaDa kaMThe hAra, gahilI mAthe beDaluM chAje ketI vAra ? rAmacandra: jayArI ghari riddhI, mAMkaDa keTai hAra, gahilI mAthaI baheDaluM chA jaI ketI vAra ? 3. naMdabatrIzI: naMdabatrIzInI vArtAnuM mULa maLI zakyuM nathI. e vArtAnuM koI saMskRta pustaka mArA jevAmAM AvyuM nathI;13-a paNa e viSayanA prakIrNa le ke dvAre titi mUpAtro dvArapAtro na mukhyati ! vInaM vati mArtha phArita ratnapuram vagere chUTaka pAnAMo upara ghaNA maLyA che. ane temAMnA keTalAkanI prAcInatA to lipi uparathI caudamA zataka paryanta laI javI ghaTe. gUjarAtImAM e viSaya upara sauthI jUnuM lakhANa jaina kavi nyAyazIlanuM che. tenI "naMdabatrIzI' saM. 1500mAM racAyelI che. A kAvyanI 8 pAnAnI hAthaprata pATaNamAM hAlAbhAinA bhaMDAramAM che. te pachI ukta kAvya saM. 154pamAM jainetara narapatie racyuM. 14 tenI naMdabatrIzI kaMIka TUMkI ane nIrasa paNa che; paNa temAno keTaloka bhAga zAmaLa sAthe dUbahU maLato Ave che. saM. 1560mAM saMdhakulanI naMdabatrIzI racAI che, 15 te ghaNe bhAge narapatine maLatI ja Ave che. kavitA ghaNe daraje narapatithI caDe. gUjarAtI sAhityamAM lokapriya viSayo doDha ke be saikA sudhI aspRzya rahyA hoya evuM bhAgye ja banyuM haze. siMhAsanabatrIzI ke 13-a. keI ajJAta lekhake sarakRtamAM racela "nacaritra nI hastalikhita prati thoDAka samaya upara mane maLI che. tA. 11-6-'5. 14. paMcadaMDa racanAra narapati ane A narapati eka ja vyakti che. tenuM naMdabatrIzI kAvya bu. pra. sapTembara 1932nA aMkamAM meM chapAvyuM hatuM. 15. I. sa. 1916mAM A kAvya buddhiprakAzamAM chapAyuM hatuM. 162

Page #172
ApaNuM lekavArtAviSayaka prAcIna sAhitya paMcadaMDanAM adhI ke pA sadIe maLatAM kAvyo e vAtanA udAharaNarUpa che. saM. 1550nI saMghakulanI naMdabatrIzI pachI TheTha saM. 1731mAM nityasaubhAge e viSaya upara eka nAnuM kAvya racyuM che te uparathI ema lAge che ke A vArtA vikramanI vArtAo jeTalI lokapriya to nahatI ja; nahi to Adhunika samayamAM jema pustakanI bIjI AvRtti kADhavAmAM Ave che tevuM e samaye paNa banyA vagara na ja rahe. saM. 178mAM nakala karela, kaI jaina kavie racela "naMdabatrIzI gUjarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTInA saMgrahamAM che. A viSaya upara cheluM kAvya racanAra zAmaLabhaTa uSA, naLa, abhimanyu jevA viSaya upara premAnaMde pitAnI prAsAdika kalama calAvI te pachI gUjarAtamAM e kAvyonI navIna AvRtti'nI mAgaNuM bahu ja ochI-balake nahatI thaI, ema pachInuM sAhitya jotAM lAge che, tevuM ja vArtAo mATe zAmaLabhaTanA saMbaMdhamAM banyuM. upara jaNAvelAM sarva kAvyo nAnAM che, tethI je e badhAM sArI rIte saMzodhIne eka ja pustaka chApavAmAM Ave, to e sarvanA tulanAtmaka abhyAsa mATe bahu sagavaDa thAya. vadhu vistAra nahi, paNa zAmaLa ane narapati vacce keTaluM badhuM sAmya che te jovA khAtara banenI thoDIka kaDIo ApaNe joI jaIe. narapatiH kAmAtura nara kahII aMdha, janamajo kahII jayaMdha, madapUrita gaja kahII aMdha, arathI nara sadAi aMdha. e cyAre kahII AMdhaLA, puNyarahita, pApe pAMgaLA, dharmataNuM tuM kari vicAra, pApata nava kari AcAra. zAmaLa: jobanamada pahelo AMdhaLA, bIjo mada kAme AMdhaLe, trIje aMdha dhanamada jehane, cotho mada jenI dehane. paMcama aMdha je jIva Ahare, chaThThI aMdha je kepe bhare, sAtamo aMdha dabANa jeha, AThame aMdha vyasanInI deha. eTalA aMdha vicAra na kare, nA kahIe to nice mare. 163

Page #173
itihAsanI keDI narapati: tRSAkAnta mayagala Avi, savarapAli puhatu thayu, sIha taNe paga dIThe jiye tarasya hastI nATho hisya. kesarI keza, phariMdamaNi, zaraNAgata DhAMha, satI pohara, kRpaNuM dhana e lI jaI mUyAMha. zAmaLa: haMsa gaye sarevara viSe, dIThuM amRta vAra, pidhA viNa pAcho vo paDa pAsA pobAra. siha mUcha, bhoriMgamaNi, karapI dhana, satI nAra, jIvatAM paradhara jAya nahI, paDa pAsA pobAra.16 padminInI satItvaparIkSA mATe zAmaLe je pAsAnI ramatane prasaMga goThavyo che te bIje kayAM ya jaNAto nathI. mane lAge che, te eno potAno maulika che. e prasaMga vaDe zAmaLane kAvyanI madhuratA ajaba vadhe che. ( 7 ) 4. hasAvalI: khaMbhAtanA kavi zivadAse saM. 1673mAM racela haMsAvalInI vArtA prasiddha che. temAM nAyikA haMsAvalI, je nasIbayoge puSiNI banI hatI, 17 te chevaTe paiThaNanA zAlina vAhananA putra naravAhana sAthe kevI rIte lagna kare che te vAta che. 16. vizeSa avataraNa mATe narapatikRta naMdabatrIzIne aMte meM joDeluM pariziSTa jevuM. 17. puruSaNiI nAyikAnI vAta ApaNuM sAhityamAM sthaLe sthaLe maLe che. saM. 1565mAM racAyela udayabhANakRta "vikramarAsa"nI nAyikA lIlAvatI puruSakeSiNI hAI koIne paraNatI nahotI. varachakRta "kAmAvatI'mAMnI kAmAvatI paNa A prakAranI strI che. zAmaLabhaTTanI vetAlapacIzInI navamI vArtAnI jayavaMtI paNa puruSaaSiNI hatI. tenuM zAmaLabhaTe kareluM varNana sauthI caDI jAya evuM che. "udyamakarmasaMvAdamAM karmavAdInA bIjA siddhAntamAMnA daSTAntamAMnI padminI paNa AvI ja che. premAvatI nI vArtAmAMnI premAvatI paNa puraSaSiNa che.

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ApaNuM lokavArtAviSayaka prAcIna sAhitya saM. 1411mAM jaina kavi vinayabhaTTe haMsavatsakathApAI racI che. 18 AsAyatakRta haMsavatsakathAnI hAthaprata saM. 1513nI maLelI che eTale kAvya avazya e pahelAnuM devuM joIe. 19 uparyukta be kAvyomAMthI ekanI hAthaprata huM vAMcI zake nathI, eTale jaina kavio ane zivadAsa vacce kayAM kayAM sAmya ke pheraphAra che te huM jANI zakayo nathI. paNa zivadAsanA kAvyamAM keTaleka sthale jainadharmanI asara dekhAya che te viyabhadra ane AsAyata jevA purogAmIone lIdhe haze ema lAge che. 5. kAmAvatI: kAmAvatInI vArtA paNa ApaNI jUnI sAmAjika vArtAo paikInI eka che. vIrajIe saM. 172pamAM racela kAmAvatInI vArtA vizeSa prasiddha che. vIrajIne phArasI-arabI sAhityamAMnI adbhutarasanI vArtAone paNa Takkara mAre evI racanAo karavAnuM premAnaMda soMpyuM hatuM ema je mAnavAmAM Ave che, te matane to UlaTo A vaDe dhakko pahoMce che, kAraNa kAmAvatInI vArtA vIrajI pahelAM khaMbhAtanA kavi zivadAse racelI maLI Ave che.20 zAmaLabhakRta siMhAsanabatrIzInI cothI vArtAmAMnI abolArANI paNa AvI ja strI che. A sarvamAM eka khUbI che ja ke chevaTamAM badhe ye puruSa sAthe saMdhi thavAnI vAta Ave che. 18. juo jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR. 46. 19, hAthaprata pra. kAntivijayajI mahArAja pAse che. 20. hAthaprata phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAmAM che. adyatana saMzodhana anusAra virajInAM kAvyanuM katRtva paNa zaMkAspada lekhavAmAM Ave che, e vastu khAsa noMdhavI joIe. tA. 11-6-4pa. 15

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itihAsanI keDI "A vArtAnuM mULa pApurANa ane TApumAracaritamAM che. vIrajIe pitAnI vArtAnA sAta kaDavAmAM vApurANanI kathAnA sAta adhyAya ane bAkInAM 1pa kaDavAmAM kumAracaritanI AkhyAyikAmAMthI saMbaMdha joDyA che; pachI eka ajagaranI ADakathA paNa joDI che." zivadAsakRta "kAmAvatI' tathA vIrachakRta "kAmAvatI'mAM kadAca sAmya haze ema tenA nAma uparathI lAge che; paNa vIrajIne kaMIka sUcana zivadAsakRta 'haMsAvalI"mAMthI paNa maLyuM hovuM joIe; athavA to te samaye samAjamAM prasiddha kaI bhaLatI ja lokakathAmAMthI joItuM vastu teNe lIdhuM hoya. te e ke kAmAvatImAM paNa haMsAvalInI jema traNa avatAranI vAta che, jemAM pahelA avatAre tenuM nAma haMsAvalI, bIjA avatAre "paMkhiNI" popaTI tathA trIjA avatAre kAmAvatI che. janmArathI te puSiNI che e vAta paNa sUcaka che. bIjI e vAta jANavA jevI che ke zAmaLabhaTakRta "madanamohanAmAMnI mehanA jevI rIte potAnA patine badale strIo paraNI lAve che tevuM ja kAma vIrajInI vArtAnI kAmAvatI paNa kare che. mehanA puruSavezamAM rAjA tarIkenI ANa calAve che ane pitAne vallabhane zodhe che, paNa te jaDato nathI tyAre mehanAnuM pUtaLuM banAvarAvIne mUke che tyAM madana AvI caDe che, pUtaLuM joine kheda jAhera kare che ane Akhare bannenI paraspara eALakhANa thAya che. madanamohanAno A prasaMga vIrajInI kAmAvatI sAthe khUba maLato Ave che. kAmAvatImAM DhagalAbaMdha samasyAo ApI che. saMvatanA sALamAM saikAnA AraMbhamAM racAyela vIrasiMhakRta uSAharaNamAMnI uSA-aniruddhanI vinodAtmaka samasyAothI mAMDIne zAmaLabhaTTanI madanamahinA sudhInI samasyAo sAthe te sarakhAvavA jevI che.

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ApaNu' leAkavArtAviSayaka prAcIna sAhitya ( 9 ) 6. ha'sAvatI : sa'. 1606mAM madhusUdane vikramacaritra-ha`sAvatInI vArtA racI che. hamaNAM sudhI huM. zivadAsakRta haMsAvalI ane madhusUdanakRta haMsAvatInuM vastu eka ja samajatA hateA, paNa zrI zaMkaraprasAda rAvala jee A vArtA hAla saMpAdita kare che temaNe sAra lakhI mAlyA tyAra pachI ja mArA bhrama bhAgyA. A vArtAmAM vikramanA putra vikramacaritranAM khaMbhAtanA rAjAnI padminI putrI haMsAvalI sAthenA lagnanI vArtA Ave che. tenI ane zivadAsanI haMsAvalI vacce sAmya mAtra eTaluM ja che ke kAzImAM jane karavata mukAvavAnI vAta temAM Ave che. sa. 1499mAM jaina kiva sAdhukArtie 'vikramacaritrakumAra rAsa ' racyA che21 tenI ane hasAvatInI vacce sAmya che, saMbhava che ke madhusUdananA jovAmAM AnA jevI ja kAi kathA AvI hoya. (10) 7. vaitAlapacIzI: zAmaLabhaTTa kRta vetAlapacIzI apara nAma mahApacIzIthI kAi ajANyuM nathI. vikrama ke trivikramanAM ajaba sAhase temAM varNavelAM hAi te bahu lAkapriya thayela che. vaitAlapacIzInu` mULa ApaNane cAritsAgaranA rArA vatI jaivavAmAM maLe che. temAM pacIza vArtAe vistArapUrvaka ApelI che. cAsaritsAgaranuM mULa pahelA ke bIjA saikAmAM racAyela vRdRtvathA sudhI lai javAmAM Ave te A vArtAe bahu ja prAcIna gaNAya. ghaNu karIne cArtAlApara uparathI kaMi pheraphAra sAthe hindI, gUjarAtI, baMgALI, marAThI tathA saMskRta sudAmAM A kRti banelI che. paMDita jIvAnanda vidyAsAgaraprakAzita jaMbhaladattaprota vaitALacayiMti paNa A sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. 21. hAthaprata rA. rAmalAla meAdI pAse me joi hatI. 167

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itihAsanI keDI have gUjarAtI rUpAntara viSeH sauthI junI kRti ghaNuM karIne devazIla (saM. 16 19)nI che. te pachI vetAlapacIzInI eka gadyakati ghaNuM karIne seLamAM zatakamAM ja racAyelI maLe che. 23 A benI vArtAonI ghaTanAmAM jhAjho phera nathI; eka ja mULane banne anusare che. 24A kRtiomAM je bIjI vArtA brAhmaNakanyA mandAravatInI che tenI sAthe zAmaLakRta siMhAsanabatrIzImAMnI abolArANInI ADakathA ajaba sAmya dharAve che. mandAvatIne traNa vAra paraNavA Ave che, paNa kanyA marI jatAM traNemAMthI eke paraNI zakato nathI; daivayoge mannaprayoga maLatAM mancAravatI jIvatI thatAM tene paraNavA traNene kajiye jAme che; vetAla vikramarAjAne sAce vara koNa ema pUche che ane UDI jAya che. zAmaLanI kRtimAM vikramarAjA abalArANInA hAra upara besADela vetAlane A prazna pUche che, abAlarANIne maunavrata toDavuM paDe che, vagere. samayanA abhAve bIjI vArtAo saMbaMdhI AvuM avalokana thaI zakayuM nathI; paNa eka vArtAnA aMza bIjImAM kevI rIte praveze che tenA mATe A eka ja udAharaNa basa che. uparAMta saM. 1646mAM hIrakalazaziSya hemANude paNa vetAla22. prakaTakartA zrI jagajIvana dayALajI modI. 23. prakaTartA zrI jagajIvana dayALa medI. 24. siMhAsanabatrIzImAM paNa A vastu ja ApaNane dekhAya che. pUrvanA jaina kavio cAlatI AvelI paraMparAmAMthI ghaNe bhAge bahAra ja nIkaLyA nathI, jethI eka ja viSayanAM be kAvyo sAMgopAMga vAMcatAM saheja kaMTALo Ave che, jyAre zAmaLe lokonI rasavRttine vicAra karI potAnI vArtAomAM je navIna lAgatAM to dAkhala kyAM che tethI viSaya eka samagra vastu tarIke purogAmIoe cAvI nAkhelo hovA chatAM hRdayaMgama thaI paDe che. sAhityamAM te ciraMjIva rahyo A ja viziSTatA vaDe. 168

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ApaNuM lokavArtAviSayaka prAcIna sAhitya pacIzI racI che. 25 paNa enI hAthaprata meM joyela nahi hovAthI emAMnI vArtAo viSe kaMI paNa mata Apavo durasta nathI.' have zAmaLanI kRtiH teNe maDApacIzI siMhAsanabatrIzInI ja eka vArtA tarIke racI che. kharI rIte to judI vArtA tarIke ja tenuM vadhAre aucitya hatuM. zAmaLanI vArtAomAM ane pUrvanI paraMparAmAM ghaNo ja phera che. jevI rIte ukta jaina kavinI vetAlapacIzInI bIjI vArtAnuM vastu zAmaLanI siMhAsanabatrIzInI cothI vArtAmAM AvI gayuM, tema zAmaLanI maDApacIzInI navamI vArtA jyavaMtInI vastugUMthaNIno keTaloka bhAga pUrvenI vArtAo jevI ke, kAmAvatI, haMsAvalI, vikramalIlAvatI vageremAM dekhAya che.26 zAmaLe guru-ziSyanI kheMcANakAraka kathA vaDe prastAvanA lakhI hevAthI tenI vArtA vizeSa rasika bane che; saMbhava che ke A AkhyAyikAnuM mULa paNa ke junI vArtAmAM maLI Ave. ekaMdare, zAmaLa sauthI judo paDe che. AvI rIte vetAlapacIzI saMbaMdhI judI judI kRtiomAMthI vArtAo bhegI karavAmAM Ave to pacIza to zuM paNa pacAsa sudhI tenI saMkhyA javA saMbhava che. (11). 8. vikrama-lIlAvatI: mAlavadezapati gardabhasenano putra vikrama, caMpAnagarInA rAjA caMpakasenanI putrI lIlAvatI sAthe svapnAmAM paraNyo. lIlAvatI puruSaviNa hatI, 27 tenA mananuM samAdhAna karIne vikrame tenI sAthe kevI rIte lagna karyuM e vAta jaina kavi udayabhAnuM saM. 156pamAM racelA vikramarAsamAM kare che. 28 25. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR. 288. 26. juo puruSaaSiNI nAyikAnuM TippaNa. 27. juo ejana. 28. hAthaprata, sAgaranA upAzrayane bhaMDAra, pATaNa.

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itihAsanI keDI puruSadreSiNI strInI vArtA ApaNI prAcInakathAomAM bahu prasiddha hatI ema A ja lekhamAM agAu karelA ullekhe! uparathI jaNAze. bhUSaNabhaTTaskRta prAkRta DhIDhAvA jesalameranA bhaMDAramAM che temAM paiNanA vivatsala sAtavAhanasiMhaladvIpanA rAjAnI kanyA lIlAvatI sAthe paraNye! tenI vAta che. sabhava che ke kAmAvatInI vArtAmAMnA sAtavAhananA putra naravAhananI paraMparAnuM mULa AmAM saMkaLAyeluM hAya. vikramalIlAvatInuM vastu kaMika aMze ukta srIjA++ddAne maLatuM haze ema lAge che. A viSayamAM udayabhANanI racanA sauthI jUnI che. tenA samakAlIna bIjA vArtAkAra kaviethI te ekadama judA paDI Ave che. tenI zailI rasika ane prAsAdika che. zAmaLabhaTanAM ne tenAM varNana ghaNI rIte maLatAM Ave che. jaina kavi abhayasAme sa. 1724mAM vikramalIlAvatIkathA racelI che,29 tathA paramasAgaranI e ja viSaya upara sa. 1729 lagabhaga racAyelI kRti paNa prasiddha che,70 A sarvanI paddhatisara sarakhAmaNI karavAmAM Ave te ghaNuM jANavAnuM maLe. (12) 9. mAdhavAnala : mAdhavAnala-kAmakuMDalAnI zRMgArarasapracura kathA ApaNA jUnA sAhityamAM prasiddha che. mAdhavAnaritranI saMskRta gadyapadya kRti bahu pracAra pAmelI che, ane tenI saMkhyAbaMdha hAthapratA maLI Ave che. racanAranA nAma vagaranI eka e jainakRtie paNa jovAmAM Ave che. 29. jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 2, pR. 144, 30. hAthaprata, pra. kAntivijayajI jainazAstrasa'graha, vaDodarA. 170

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ApaNuM lokavArtAviSayaka prAcIna sAhitya gUjarAtamAM sauthI jUnI racanA AmadanA kAyastha kavi gaNapatie saM. 1573mAM karI.31 A kAvya tenI pachInAM e viSayanAM sarva kAvyothI moTuM che-lagabhaga 2500 dUhAnuM. kAvyatvanI dRSTie paNa pachInI sarva racanAo karatAM te zreSTha che. saM. 1616mAM kuzalalAbhe "mAdhavakAkuMDalArAsa racyo che. tenI paNa puSkaLa prato maLI Ave che. jaina kavie potAnA niyama mujaba kRtine mAtra zRMgArapradhAna na banAvI detAM pAchaLathI zIlamahinAmAM ghaTAvI che. emAMnI samasyAo pAchaLanI samasyAo sAthe sarakhAvavA jevI che. koI ajJAta vaidika kavie racela mAdhavAnalanI vArtA saM. 172 7mAM nakala karelI gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTInA saMgrahamAM che te paNa A sAthe sarakhAvavA jevI che.31-a zrI chaganalAla vidyArAma rAvalane "mAdhavacaritra" nAme A ja viSayanuM eka rasabharyuM kAvya maLeluM che. A viSaya uparanI sauthI chellI kRti zAmaLabhaTanI. paNa gaNapati karatAM te e na ja caDhe. mAdhavAnalanI vArtA eka ja paraMparA pramANe cAlI AvI jaNAya che. upara jaNAvelI sarva racanAo ghaNe bhAge paraspara saMgata che. 31, zrI maMjulAla majamudAre saMpAdita kareluM A kAvya gAyakavADa prAcyamAlAmAM chapAyuM che. 31-A. A vArtAnuM saMpAdana meM karyuM che ane te gU. va. sa. taraphathI bahAra paDanAra "sattaramA zatakanAM prAcIna gUrjara kAvya"mAM prasiddha thaze. tA. 12-6-45. 3ra. A kAvya gaNapatinA kAvyanA pariziSTa tarIke chapAyuM che. 171

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itihAsanI keDI te samayanA vidagdha vargamAM mAdhavAnanI kathA bahu lokapriya haze ema lAge che. kAraNa saM. 1706mAM racAyela "rUpasundarakathA' nAme zRMgArika vArtAnA maMgalAcaraNamAM ja mAdhava-kAmakuMDalAno mAnabhera ullekha che. svAgatA mAdhavAnala viSe rakta kAmA, dhanya te catura sundara rAmA, vajadu:kha vahANuM pAmyA, jIvatAM te valI pharI sukha pAmyA. (13) 10. caMdanamalayAgiri: candanamalayAgiri paNa ApaNI junI zuddha sAmAjika vArtAomAMnI eka che. adyaparyata te viSayanAM jeTalAM kAvyo jaNAyAM che te sarva jainonAM ja che. e vAta paNa emaNe zIlamahimArUpe ghaTAvI che. mAravADI-rAjasthAnamAM A vAta khUba prasiddha che; gUjarAtImAM sauthI jUnI kRti to saM. 16 7pamAM racAyela bhasenanI hAla te maLI Ave che. e pahelAM paNa gUjarAtI sAhityamAM A vArtAnuM astitva hovuM joIe ema lAge che, kAraNa, | kihAM candana, kihAM malayAgiri, kihAM sAyara, kihAM nIra, jima jima paDaI avaODI tima tima sahai zarIra. e dUho bhadrasenanI kRtimAM che, te ja saheja pAThAra sAthe saM. upara 6mAM racAyela karmaNanA sItAharaNamAM che; te uparathI ApaNane sahaja uparyukta anumAna karavAnuM mana thAya che. 33 33. dI. ba. kezavalAla dhruva saMpAdita "prAcIna gUrjarakAvya," upaghAta. 172

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ApaNuM lekavArtAviSayaka prAcIna sAhitya aDhAramA zatakamAM sAta jaina kavioe caMdanamalayAgirinI vArtA racI che. saM. 1704mAM jina, saM. 174pamAM jinaharSe, saM. 1711mAM sumatie, saM. 173 6mAM ajitacaMde, saM. 1747mAM yazovardhana, saM. 1771mAM cature, tathA saM. 1776mAM kesare.34 - A ATha kRtiomAMthI meM mAtra bhadrasenata tathA jinAha" (saM. 1745) kRta e be ja kRtio munizrI jazavijayajI pAsethI joI hatI, eTale e viSe vadhAre lakhavuM ThIka nathI. abhyAsI uparanAM sAdhanono upayoga karI le. caMdanamalayAgiri viSenI A AThe kRtio TuMkI che, ane upadyAta sAthe je te eka ja pustakamAM prakaTa karavAmAM Ave to abhyAsanI daSTie bahu ja upayogI thAya. (14) 11. sadayavalsa : sadayavatsa-sAvaliMgA, sadayavasavIracaritra, ke sadevaMta-sAmalipa nAmathI oLakhAtI vArtA suprasiddha che. saMskRtamAM ratnazekharaNikRta satsavIracaritra maLI Ave che. bIjA keTalAka jaina kavionI paNa nAnI moTI gadya-padya racanAo bhaMDArAmAM che. gUjarAtImAM A viSaya uparanuM sauthI jUnuM kAvya jainetara kavi bhImanuM che. vaDodarA prAcyavidyAmandiramAM tenI saMvata 1888mAM 34. juo jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 2. 35. sAma8i nAma bhImanA kAvyamAM maLe che: " tidi suga suravAra sarca sanadi mattA " jo ke "sAmalI" zabdano mULa artha "sAMvarI - "sI" eTale ja mAtra che: juo hemAcAryane apabhraMza avataraNomAM ---- jima jima baMkima loaNahaM Niru sAmali sikkhei / tima tima vammahu niaya-saru khara-patthari tikavei / / 173

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itihAsanI keDI lakhAyelI bahu ja azuddha hAthaprata che; te uparathI ene kavanakALa e samayathI saheje pA-aDadhI sadI pUrve lai javA ghaTe. Azare seA kaDInuM e TuMku kAvya che. enAM varNanAnI barAbarI kare evAM vanA ApaNA sAhityamAM theADAM ja che. ajJAta jaina kavikRta saMvat 1652 pahelAM racAyela sadevaMtanI vArtA tathA kIrtivardhanakRta saM. 1997 pahelAM racAyela sadevatasAliMgArAsa e pachInAM che.36 nityalAbhakRta sadevaMtasAliMgArAsa sa. 1782mAM racAyela che. 37 e pachI eka jaina kavinI8 sa. 1856mAM racAyelI eka lAMbI-3000 thI paNa vadhAre kaDInI- A viSaya uparanI vArtA jovAmAM Ave che. sayavatsa saMbaMdhI dhaNuM karIne e kAvya ja sauthI chelluM che. upara jaNAvyAM te kAvyeAnI paraMparA lagabhaga ekasarakhI ja che. ujjayinInA prabhuvatsa rAjAnA kuMvara, sayavatsanI adbhutarasika vArtA temAM Ave che. sa. 1856vALA kAvyamAM keTalAMka nAma phera che, tathA vistAra bahu che eTaluM ja mAtra; bAkI vArtAnuM khAkhu meTe bhAge bhImanuM ja che. ' hAlamAM prasiddha sadevaMta-sALiMgAnI vArtA'nuM vastu uparanAM kAvyeAthI bahu juduM che H zarUAtamAM ziva-pArvatInA saMvAda, pArvatInI haru ane chevaTe zive sadevatanI vArtA kahevI. vAMdarA-vAMdarI vagere sAta avatAranI vAta; nizALamAM sadevaMta-sALiMgAnu tArAmaitraka; gurujInuM kApavu', e badhuM junI kRtiomAM nathI.( A prasid 36. jue jaina gUrjara kavie, bhAga 1. 37. jae jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 2. 38. pra. kAntivijayajI mahArAja pAse beyelI A kAvyanI hAthaprata Azare savAsA pAnAMnI hatI. 174

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ApaNuM lokavArtAviSayaka prAcIna sAhitya sadevaMtanI vArtAnA racanAranuM nAma jaNAtuM nathI). AthI UlaTuM, pra. kAntivijayajI mahArAjanA vaDodarAnA saMgrahamAM sadevaMta viSenI mAravADI mizrita gadyapadyavALI be judI hastalikhita kathAo meM joI hatI emAM e prasaMgo che, eTale A prasiddha vArtAnI paNa jUnI paraMparA to che ja, paNa e paraMparAnuM mULa bIje kyAM zodhI zakAtuM nathI. nizALamAM sadevaMta ane sAvaLiMgAno prema tathA te tarapha gurujInuM kepe caDavuM e hakIkata layalA majanUnI prasiddha premakathA sAthe keTalI badhI maLatI Ave che? AvI ja rIte lokakathAone amuka aMzenI AyAta-nikAsa thayAM kare che. bhImanI vArtAmAMnA abhutarasanA prasaMgo paNa ajaba raMgata jamAve che; prema ane parAkramanA mizra prasaMgo to ethI ye vadhAre. kacarA jevI sthitimAM navIna paraMparAvALI kathAne bahAra pADIne bukaselaroe e vArtAne nAhaka badanAma karI che, bAkI bhImanuM kAvya vAMcatAM ema lAge che ke gujarAtInA junA sAhityamAM ghaNuM karIne 241 07 214 Qu Romance 3. (15) 12. bihaNakAvya : bihaNakAvyane sAmAnya vArtAnA vargamAM mUkavuM koIne ajugatuM lAgaze. atre e viSe eTaluM ja jaNAvavAnuM ke bilDaNa-zazIkalAnI ghaTanA satya ho vA na ho, paNa ApaNA prAcIna vArtAnA sAhitya upara tenI jabarI asara thaI che, eTale ahIM e viSe lakhavuM prastuta che. saMskRta bihaNakAvyanuM gUjarAtI bhASAntara ghaNuM karIne soLamAM saikAmAM jJAnAcAryuM karyuM. bahu lokapriya thayuM, eTale svakalpanAe zazIkalApaMcAzikA lakhavAnuM paNa tene sUjhayuM, paNa e kAvya, kAvya tarIke phikkuM ja rahyuM. bilDaNakAvyanuM bIjuM bhASAntara saM. 16para lagabhaga jaina kavi sAraMga karyuM che. 15

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itihAsanI keDI zikSaka-ziSyA vaccenA premanI kathAnI paraMparA kadAca koi jUnA granthamAM haze,39 paNa gUjarAtI sAhitya upara te| mukhya asara bilDakAvyanI ja che. sa. 1706mAM rUpasundarakathA nAme eka vRttabaddha vArtA racAyelI che, temAM rUpAM nAmanI rAjakuMvarInA, peAtAnA zikSaka vizvanAthanA putra sundara uparanA premanu varNana che. kAvyamAMne keTalAka bhAga bilDaNa kAvyanA anuvAda jevA lAge che, ane samagra kAvyanI 25nA te| bilDaNukAvya uparathI ja lIdhelI che. zAmaLabhaTakRta madanamehanAmAM paNa mehanAnA zikSaNanA prastAva, paMDitanuM AvavuM vagere zarUAtanA bhAga ciLAsthyane ja AbhArI che. biLayALanI eka viziSTa asara ApaNA sAhitya upara bIjI rIte paNa thai che: te samasyApreSaNa. nirarthakaM janma gataM nalinyA yayA na dRSTaM tuhinAMzubimbam / utpattirindorapi niSphalaiva spRSTA prabuddhA nalinI na yena // AvI AivyamAMnI samasyAenI asara nIce ja madanamehanAnI samasyAe racAi ema lAge che, e ja asara vIrasiMhakRta uSAharaNa, kuzalalAbhakRta mAdhavAnala, zAmaLakRta padmAvatI, bhadrAbhAminI e samAM kaMi kaMi pheraphAra sAthe dekhAya che. saMskRta sAhitya paNa niSphaLAvyanI asarathI mukta rahyuM nathI;4 39. sa. 1405mAM racAyela rAjazekharasUrinA pravadhArAnA manattiprakSyamAM paNa ziSyA sAthenA premanI kathA che. prorA janA prantheA ityAdi uparathI racAyela hovAthI ja mavanI pravanyanuM mULa kadAca milheNu karatAM paNa jUtuM hoya. 40. juo, paMDita mahAvIraprasAda dvivedIkRta vimA,varitanAM. 196

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ApaNuM lokavArtAviSayaka prAcIna sAhitya paNa temAMnA gUjarAtamAM eAchA prasiddha kaI eka grantha uparathI A asara khoLavI tenA karatAM gUjarAtamAM satkAra pAmela vizvanuM e bAbatamAM RNa svIkAravuM te vadhAre ThIka che. ( 16 ) 13. vidyAvilAsinI : "eka vaNika zeThano mUrkha chokare gusevAmAM vinaya dAkhavavAthI vinayacaMdra kahevAya. tene gurukRpAthI sarasvatIne prasAda maLatAM e vidyAne vilAsa karanAra thayo, ane Akhare vidyAnA pratApathI rAjakanyA paraNI rAjya paNa meLavyuM. e rIte vidyAvilAsa rAjAnuM nAma daSTAntayegya gaNAyuM" saMvata 1285nI AsapAsa racAyela vinayacandrakRta manAthakAvyamAM A kathA eka ADakathA tarIke mUkelI che. tapanI mahattAnuM temAM varNana che. 203 lokanI e AkhyAyikA, 2300 kaDInA zAmaLabhaTanA kAvyanA rUpamAM kevI rIte AvI jAya che te noMdhavA jevuM che. uparanA saMskRta upAkhyAna pachI saM. 148pamAM hIrANaMdasUrie vidyAvilAsa pavADo gUjarAtImAM ra. te ghaNe bhAge vinayacandranA saMskRta upAkhyAnane anusare che. e pachI saM. 1531mAM koI ajJAta jainakavikRta vidyAvilAsacopAI,41 tathA saM. 167ramAM mANeskRta vidyAvilAsa rAsa Ave che.42 aDhAramA zatakamAM jina, amaracaMda ane RSabhasAgara43 e jaina kavioe A kAvya racyuM che. e uparAMta suratanA rahe 41. jaina gUrjara kaviomAM A kAvyanI noMdha nathI. hAthaprata, hAlAbhAIne bhaMDAra, pATaNa. 42. jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga che. 43. ejana, bhAga 2. 177

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itihAsanI keDI vAsI laghu ane sukha e vaNika bhAIoe saM. 1723mAM vinayacakranI vArtA racI che; e to zAmaLa bhaTTane bahu maLatI Ave che. have, saMskRta kathA tathA zAmaLabhaTTamAM pheraphAra che te joIe; temAM khAsa nedhavA jevuM e che ke pahelAMnI kathAmAM vidyAvilAsa pucchanuM nAma che te zAmaLa bhaTanA kAvyamAM rAjakuMvarI vidyAvilAsinImAM pheravAI jAya che. rAjaputrI saubhAgyamaMjarI rAte chAnImAnI pradhAnaputra (kharI rIte vicaTTa) sAthe UMTa upara besI nAsI jAya che. mULa saMskRtamAM e vakhate rastAmAM kaMI na bolavAnA saMketa che. hIrANade e sthaLe keTalIka samasyAo mUkI che; jyAre zAmaLabharamAM e kaMI nathI. saMskRtamAM jyAM sadhivigrahano gupta lipivALo lekha ukelavAnI hakIkata ApI che tyAM hIrANaMda, jayasihadeva taLAva khodAvatA hatA tyAM prAcIna tAmrapaTa nIkaLyuM evI hakIkata ApI che. zAmaLabhaTa hIrANuMdane ja lagabhaga anusare che, paNa lipinA ukelane aMte vidyAvilAsane maMtrIpada maLyuM enuM rasabhara varNana enA jevuM bIjA keIe karyuM nathI. nagaradevatA AgaLa nRtyaprasaMge saubhAgyamaMjarInI AMgaLIethI vIMTI sarI paDe che, paNa zAmaLanI vilAsinInuM jhAMjhara nIkaLI jAya che ane e bahAne abolA bhAMge che. sarpadaMzamAMthI pradhAnane ugArIne, vezyA te potAnI pAse ja rahe evuM mAgI le che ane pachI tene divase mora ane rAte manuSya banAvI de che. jyAre hIrANaMda ane zAmaLamAM vara mAgavAnI hakIkta nathI, paNa, gaNikA pradhAnane pipaTa banAvI de che te vAta che. zAmaLabhaTe vinayacandra ke hIrANaMdanI kathA vAMcI haze, paNa sUratanA vaNika baMdhuonA kAvyanI tenA upara kaMIka vadhAre asara thaI che ema nIcenAM avataraNo uparathI lAgazeH 178

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ApaNuM lokavArtAviSayaka prAcIna sAhitya zAmaLa bhaTTa: vaLatI sarasvati ema vade, bhagata na ANIza bhrAnta, vicaTanA guNa gAze jahAM, tyAM vase vAsa ekAnta. sevaka mAro vallabha mune jema jema se apAra, akSara mukhathI Ucare tema karuM huM sAra. kavaNu vinecaTa kyAM ho, koNa jAta keNa deza. mAta - tAta keNu tehanAM, raMka kivA nareza. ladhu-sukha : valatI sarasvatI ema vade, bhagata na ANIza bhraya, vicaTanA guNa gAze nahIM, tahIM huM vasu ekAnta. sevaka mAra vAle muMne, jama jama seve apAra, akSara mukhathI ocare te have kapha ame sAhAra. kavaNa vicaTa, kahAM hue, koNa jAta, koNa deza. mAta tAta kaNa ehanAM, kavaNa pura nareza.44 keTaleka sthaLe to vAkayo suddhAM maLe che. mukAbale A samakAlInanI ja asara zAmaLa upara vadhAre jaNAya che.44 saMghaviyanI siMhAsanabatrIzImAM eka ajJAna brAhmaNaputranI kathA che. te kAzmIra jaIne gurukRpAthI sarasvatInI kRpApAtra thAya che. guru tene sArasvata maMtra Ape che, eTalI vAta vinayacaMdranA saMskRta upAkhyAnano bahu aMze maLatI che. pachInI vArtA prasaMgAnusAra kavi pherave che, te chatAM e samaye vidyAvilAsanI kathA to tenA 44. vizeSa avataraNa mATe "nayuga mAsika pu. 3mAM "buddhiprakAza'mAMthI uddhata lekha. 44-a. sva. navalarAma trivedIe ema pUravAra karI ApyuM che ke zAmaLanI kahevAtI "vidyAvilAsina nI vArtA kharekhara zAmaLanI nathI, paNa laghu ane sukhanI kRtinA Adi-aMtamAM zeDa ghAlamela karIne keIe zAmaLanA nAme caDAvI dIdhI che. A lekha lakhatAM mULa hAthaprato tapAsavAne prasaMga mane maLela nahIM, tethI A vastu huM joI zakyo nahoto. tA. 12-6-4pa. 179

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itihAsanI keDI magajamAM hovI ja joIe ema lAge che, kAraNa brAhmaNaputranuM varNana te "jANe bIje vidyAvilAsa" e pramANe kare che. (17) 14. zukabahoterI : sAmAnya mAnyatA evI che ke zukabahoterI --suDAbahetarInI vArtA "tUtInAha" e mULa phArasI uparathI saMskRtamAM tathA hindanI bIjI bhASAmAM utarI AvI che. jaina sAhityanA prasiddha vidvAna De. harTalanuM mAnavuM che ke e kRtinA mULa utpAdaka jaino che, kAraNa saMskRta avasatinI keTalIka vArtAomAM zvetAmbara jaino mATe mAnabharyuM lakhANa che tathA zrImad hemacaMdrAcAryanA yogazAstramAM kathAsaptatisaMzaMsau mArjAyeva zuko'nayA / nItijJo'pi gRhIto'si jagAdetyabhayaM ca saH // e pramANe zukSatinI kathA kahenAra nItina zukano mAnabhera ullekha che, vagere.45 * e vivAdAspada viSayanI laMbANa carcA karavAnuM A sthAna nathI; paNa eTaluM to kharuM ja ke ghaNAka dezonA sAhityamAM e vArtAo khUba prasiddhi pAmI che. sva. tanasukharAma tripAThIe nIravanI TippaNImAM dvinAniJsatine ullekha karyo te upara batAvela sattathI bhinna che ke kema te jANI zakAtuM nathI. gUjarAtImAM pUrNimA gacchanA ratnasundarasUrie zukabahetarI racI che. prasiddha kavi zAmaLabhaTe saM. 1821 mAM khUba lAMbI suDAbahoterI racI che. 45. juo, "jainayuga, pu. 3, pR. 15-153. 180

Page #190
ApaNuM lokavArtAviSayaka prAcIna sAhitya uparanI be kRtio to jANItI che, paNa te uparAMta Do. bhAMDArakara isTiTayUTamAM mAravADI bhASAmAM lakhela suDAbahoterI che; tathA pAlanapuramAM DAyarAnA bhaMDAramAM saM. 180pamAM gUjarAtI gadyamAM brAhmaNane hAthe lakhelI suDAbahoterInI eka prata che.* zAmaLabhaTanI vArtAomAM e vArtAonuM aMtima dhyeya to anItine sthAne nItinuM khaMDana karavAnuM hovA chatAM paNa nItinAM tattane ughADe bhaMga thAya che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa anItinI phatteha suddhAM dekhAya che. zAmaLabhaTanI vArtAo sarjAze saptatine anusaratI nathI. keTalIka te teNe pote upajAvI kADhI hoya ema jaNAya che. keTalIka vArtAemAMthI zAmaLanA samayanI lokonI sthiti upara paNa prakAza paDe che, ane kRti zuddha sAmAjika hovAthI bIjI rIte paNa te samasAmayika saMsAranuM amuka aMze pratibiMba pADe che, eTale e pustaka bALI nAkhavA" jevuM to nathI ja. (18) 15. ArAmazobhA: ArAmazobhA eka Adarza gRhiNInI vArtA che. bahu junA samayathI e vArtA gujarAtane jeno ane jainetaramAM saheja pheraphAra sAthe cAlatI AvI che. ArAmazobhAnAM jJAta ane ajJAta jaina kavioe racelAM ghaNAMka saMskRta gadya-padya pratIka maLI Ave che, paNa gujarAtamAM sauthI 46. juo, "jainayuga, pR. 3, pu. 157. 47. juo, paMjARSinI ArAmazobhA upara paM. lAlacaMdra gAMdhIne upaghAta. 181

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ItihAsanI keDI jUnI kRti saM. 1583mAM vAcaka vinayasamudranI che.47-a te pachI pUjaRSie saM. 16paramAM ArAmazobhA epAI, rAjasiMhe saM. 1687mAM ArAmazobhA copAI,48 tathA saM. 1761mAM jinaha49 ArAmazobhArAsa racyo che. eTale A viSayanI sarva prAcIna kRtio prAyaH jainonI ja che. jaina kavionI racanAo ghaNuM karIne ekasarakhI ja che, paNa ArAmazobhAnI vArtA nAmaphera, saheja pheraphAra sAthe gUjarAtamAM jaina jainetara strIo, bALAomAM prasiddha che. jUnI kRtiomAM oramAna mA jheranA lADu banAvarAvIne ArAmazobhAne sAsare mokale che, ArAmazobhAnA dharmapitA nAgadeva A vastu pitAnI divya daSTithI jANuM jAya che, ane rastAmAM jheranA lADune badale amRtanA lADu banAvI de che. jyAre pracalita dantakathAmAM, oramAna mA rAkhanA roTalAnuM bhAtuM ApIne dIkarIne gAyo cAravA mokale che ane gAyanuM dUdha dIkarIe rAphaDAmAM reDeluM eTale nAgadeva roTalA amRtamaya banAve che, vagere phera che. junI kathAmAM ArAmazobhAnI AsapAsa nAgadevanI kRpAthI haMmezAM upavana rahetuM. enuM kharuM nAma to vidyuprabhA, 3rama upavanane lIdhe ja ArAmazobhA nAma paDyuM, e bAbata dantakathAmAM nathI; bAkI sarva vastu eka ja che. A pramANe jaina kavionI vArtA ane pracalita daMtakathAnuM mULa eka ja hoya ema lAge che. nAgadevanI kRpAnI vArtAo ApaNA sAhityamAM sthaLe sthaLe maLe cheH 47--a. paM. amRtalAla bhojaka pAsethI karati nAme jaina kavie saM. 1535mAM racela "ArAmazobhA epAI"nI hAthaprata gheDA samaya upara mane maLI che, te A pUrve nI che. tA. 12-6-45. 48. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1. 49. ejana, bhAga 2. 182

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ApaNuM lokavArtAviSayaka prAcIna sAhitya prorAnA gAryanAnTigAramAMnI kulavadhu vairAdhyAe sagarbhAvasthAnA dohada pAmela nAgaNane dUdhapAka khavarAvyo hato, tethI nAge tene dharmanI putrI karIne rAkhI hatI, ane ajANe pitAno putra tene hAthe maraNa pAmyo te chatAM kaMI IjA karI nahotI.pa0 adyaparyanta strIomAM pracalita nAgapAMcamanI vratakathAmAM AnI A ja vArtA saheja pheraphAra sAthe--mAtra jaina saMparka sivAya-jovAmAM Ave che e nedhavA yogya che.pa1 prasiddha zAlivAhananI vArtAmAM, zAlivAhana nAgadevanI kRpAthI vikrama upara jaya meLave che evI vArtA che. A sarvanI kaMI asara ArAmazobhA upara, ArAmazobhAnI A sarve upara, athavA to kaLI na zakAya evI rIte A vArtAonI eka bIjA upara asara thaI che ema to sarva ke svIkAraze ja. have vArtA vize be zabda : jevI rIte sadavasa e jUnI gUjarAtInuM sarvottama Romance che, tevI rIte udAra nArIhRdayanA nAjukamAM nAjuka bhAvo rajU karatI A eka atyuttama vArtA che. enA prasaMge prasaMgamAMthI maLatA Tapake che. ApaNA jUnA ane kadAca navA sAhityamAM paNa Adhunika rasavRttine te na cce e judI vAta che) AnA jevI nAjuka ane karuNarasabharI vArtAo bahu ochI che. bhIma jevA ke pravINa lekhakano hAtha pharyo hota to, mAtra vAMcI janArane mATe paNa te vadhu rasabharI banata. (19) ahIM je vArtAonI TUMka samIkSA karI che, tenA vAMcanArane e 50. kAryavizvano anuvAda "guNasundarI - phebruArI 1933mAM meM chapAvyo hato. ' pa1. juo zrI. meghANI saMpAdita "kaMkAvaTI." 183

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itihAsanI keDI vArtA-kAraNa e sarva jANItI che-ne sAmAnya sAranI khabara haze ema mAnIne ja karI che. nahi to je sarva vArtAono sAra ApavAmAM Ave to A nibaMdha, che te karatAM traNa gaNo lAMbA thaI jAya. eTale ja je samIkSA karI che tene sarvagrAhI mAnavAnI nathI, kAraNa sarva sAdhane meLavIne ATalI badhI vArtAone mATe tema karI zakAya ema nahotuM. saMpUrNa samIkSA tyAre ja karI zakAya ke jyAre emAMnI kaI vArtAnI tulanAtmaka dRSTie saMzodhita AvRtti bahAra pADavAno prasaMga Ave-bhaviSyamAM anukULatA maLatAM sadayavaccha, naMdabatrIzI vagere mATe tema karavAne IrAde che. hAla to koIne saheja paNa mArgadarzaka thAya eTalA ja mAtra uddezathI A lekha jAhera samakSa mUkyo che. (20) vaccharAja kRta rasamaMjarI, vaccha ane bIjA jaina kavio racita mRgAMkalekhA, sagAlasAhaAkhyAna,para candrahAsAkhyAna,53 kekazAstra, 54 vikrama-khAparo cAra, vikrama-zanizcararAsa, gorAbAdala para. bhoje, nAkara, kanakavijaya, sukharAma, ratanadAsa vagere ATha kavio racita sagAla sAhaAkhyAna je. gu. va. sa. taraphathI bahAra paDanAra che tenA upaghAtamAM saMpAdake e bAbata sArI carcA karI che. - 53. candrahAsAkhyAnamAM vividha lokakathAonA aMzeno kevI rIte praveza thayo te sva. cimanalAla dalAle batAveluM. e ja viSaya uparanuM TI. ba. kezavalAla dhruvanuM vyAkhyAna mananIya che. 54. " "kazAstrane vaLI lekavArtAmAM sthAna zI rIte maLe ?" evo prazna thaze to jaNAvavAnuM ke gujarAtI kakazAstranI e ja khAsiyata che. bhairavasena rAjAnI tathA kokadeva pradhAnanI vAta temAM Ave che. vacce kavacita ADakathA paNa Ave che. te vakhatanA keTalAka vicitra vahema, jenuM nAmanizAna saMskRta 184

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ApaNuM lekavArtAviSayaka prAcIna sAhitya (pavinI copAI), DholAmAra, gulabaMkAvalI, 55 padmAvatI, 51 premAvatI, 57 candrakumAranI vArtA, madanamohanA, barAsakasturI, bhadrAbhAminI, kapUramaMjarI,18 madanarekhA, citrasena padmAvatI, lalitAMgacaritra, strIcaritra vagere prasiddha prAcIna vArtAonI A ke bIjI Dhabe samIkSA thavI ghaTe. samasta sAhityanA tulanAtmaka abhyAsane dhyAnamAM laIe te abhimanyu, uSA, naLa, harizcandra, dhruva, sudAmA vagere purANakathAnA paNa aneka viSayo upara vividha kAvyo racAyelAM che; ane e viSayo upara kaMI paNa lakhatAM ke belatAM te sarvane paddhatisara abhyAsa thavo jarUrI che. ane atra, ukta kathana mAtra lokakathAnA viSayane ja lAgu pADIne A nibaMdhamAM kSetrane maryAdita banAvyuM che tema chatAM darekane A siddhAnta to sarakhI rIte ja lAgu paDe cheH "zAmaLa, premAnaMda, dayArAma Adi kavionAM prasiddha kAvyonI mULa vastu zI hatI, temAM e kavioe zA zA ane kevA pheraphAra karyA ane sudhArAvadhArA karyA, samakAlIna pracalita sAhityane tathA kAmazAstromAM maLatuM nathI te AmAM dekhAya che. jaina kavi nabuMdAcAryanI kazAstra catuSpadI, tathA bIjI be gadyakRtio meM joI hatI. have, sAdhu vaLI kokazAstra kema race ? nArasarvavat racanAra bauddha zramaNa padmazrIne je bacAva sva. tanasukharAmabhAie karyo hato te ja mAtra AgaLa dharI zakIe. 55. A vArtA phArasI parathI AvyAnuM kahevAya che. 56. Ano saMbaMdha premAvatInI gAthAmAM zrI maMjulAla majamudAre zevyo che. 57. juo, TippaNuM naM. 56. 58. A vArtA phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAnA saimAsikanA 1941nA aMkamAM mArA taraphathI chapAyela che. tA. 12-6-45. 185

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itihAsanI keDI pUrvanA kavione teo keTale daraje AbhArI che ane temanI emanAM kAvyo para kevI asara thaI che, te jANavAne prathama, maLI AvatAM tamAma hastalikhita pustakane saMgraha tathA tapasalavAra noMdha thavAnI jarUra che, jethI prAcIna sAhitya ane ItihAsa viSe ghaNuM navuM jANavAnuM maLaze tema ja e kavienI kharI mahattA tema ja khUbIo ApaNe pichANI zakIzuM." * buddhiprakAzanA me 1916nA aMkamAM mudrita saMkulanI naMdabatrIzI uparanI tannInI noMdhamAMthI prastuta avataraNa lIdhuM che. 186

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narasiMha pUrvenuM gUjarAtI sAhitya prAcIna gUjarAtI sAhityanA saMzodhanano AraMbha thayo te arasAmAM bhASA ane sAhityanI utkrAni saMbaMdhe je matamaMDane karavAmAM AvyAM hatAM te paikI ane pAchaLathI avizvasanIya hovAnuM jaNAyuM che. purAtattvasaMzodhanano viSaya ja prAgatika che, eTale vadhu sAdhanasAmagrI maLatAM jUnA matanuM sthAna, te sAdhanasAmagrIne AdhAre ghaDAyelA navA mato le e taddana kudaratI che. saMskRta sAhityanA viSayamAM jANItA pAzcAtya vidvAnoe ogaNIsamI sadImAM sthApelA mata Aje pAchaLanA gaNAya che ane AjanA mato haMmezane mATe sthira raheze ke kema e kahI zakAya evuM nathI. gUjarAtI sAhityanI bAbatamAM lagabhaga hamaNAM sudhI narasiMha mahetAne gRjarAtanA Adikavi gaNavAmAM AvatA hatA ane narasiMha mahetA pUrve bhASAmAM sAhityakRtiono abhAva hato, evI kaMIka mAnyatA pracalita hatI. gUjarAtI sAhityanA Adya saMzodhake kavi dalapatarAma tathA sadgata IcchArAma desAI, ane haragovindadAsa kAMTAvALAnI evI mAnyatA hatI ke pAMcaso varSa pUrvethI mAMDI atyAra sudhImAM gUjarAtI bhASAnA svarUpamAM jhAjhA pheraphAra thayA nathI. zrI. kAMTAvALAe to 1920mAM chaThThI sAhitya pariSadanA pramukhasthAnethI ApelA bhASaNamAM paNa A matano puraskAra karyo hato. paraMtu chellA lagabhaga traNa dasakAomAM prAcIna gujarAtI sAhityanuM je saMzodhana thayuM che, jena bhaMDAromAM raheluM apabhraMza ane prAcIna gUjarAtInuM je sAhitya bahAra AvyuM che tathA A sarva navIna 187

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itihAsanI keDI vigatenA prakAzamAM bhASA ane sAhityanI utkrAnti paratve je vicAraNAo tathA carcAo thaI che te uparathI uparyukta bane to avizvasanIya pUravAra thaI cUkyA che. narasiMha mahetA pUrvanAM, lagabhaga teramA zataka jeTalAM prAcIna saMkhyAbaMdha jaina kAvyo tathA te karatAM mukAbale arvAcIna chatAM narasiMha mahetA karatAM prAcIna evAM keTalAMka jainetara kAvyo paNa maLyAM che te jotAM narasiMha mahetAne gUjarAtI bhASAnA AdikavinuM pada have ApI zakAya tema nathI. bhASAnA svarUpa para je mata pracalita karavAmAM Avyo hato te viSe paNa ema ja kahI zakAya. narasihanAM je kAvya chapAyAM che te te sArI peThe saMskArAIne arvAcIna bhASAmAM ja pragaTa thayAM che. narasiMhanA samakAlIna tathA tenA puragAmI kavio tathA lekhakenI paMdaramA-soLamA saikAnI athavA tethI ye jUnI hastalikhita prata saMkhyAbaMdha maLI Ave che; chatAM AzcaryanI vAta e che ke narasiMhanA kAI paNa kAvyanI hastalikhita prata sattaramA zatakanA uttarArdha pahelAMnI maLatI nathI. narasiMhanA samayanI bhASA atyAranI bhASAnA sarakhI ja hovAno mata arvAcIna-ane te kAraNe ochI vizvasanIya hAthapratonA upayogane kAraNe baMdhAyo hoya to navAI jevuM nathI. paNa e pachI jUnI hAthapratonA saMzodhana pratye saMzodhakonuM vadhu pramANamAM dhyAna dorAtAM jANItA saMskRta vidvAna Do. bulhare tharAdanA jaina bhaMDAramAMthI padmanAbhanA 'kAnhaDadeprabandhanI hAthaprata meLavI tathA sadgata navalarAme te kAvya "gUjarAta zALApatra'mAM prasiddha karyuM kavi narmadAzaMkare "narmakoza'nA upodaghAtamAM tathA zAstrI vrajalAla kAlidAse "gUjarAtI bhASAnA ItihAsamAM saMkhyAbaMdha prAcIna 1. juo, kavIzvara dalapatarAma hastalikhita pustakasaMgrahanI tathA phebasa gujarAtI sabhAnAM hastalikhita puratAnI mudrita sUcio tathA "jaina gurjara kavio bhAga 1. 188

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narasiha pUrvenuM gUjarAtI sAhitya hastalikhita pratanA utArA ApIne prAcIna gUjarAtInA svarUpane spaSTatara khyAla Apyo, sadgata harilAla harSadarAya dhruvane saM. 1450mAM racAyeluM "mugdhAvadhaauktine prApta thatAM jUnI gujarAtI bhASAne eka agatyano sImAstaMbha upalabdha thayo. narasiMhanA ladhuvayaska samakAlIna kavi bhAlaNe karela saMskRta "kAdaMbarI'nA gUjarAtI padyAnuvAdanI sattaramA zatakanI Akhare lakhAyelI hAthaprata uparathI-aMgreja Adikavi cosaranI bhASA ane arvAcIna aMgrejI bhASA vacce mAluma paDe che te bheda narasiMhanA samakAlIna bhAlaNanI bhASA ane arvAcIna gUjarAtI bhASA vacce hovAnuM jaNAyuM che. tyAra pachI to khAsa karIne jainonA hAthe lakhAyeluM narasiha mahetA pUrvenuM thokabaMdha sAhitya bahAra AvyuM che ane emAMnuM keTaluMka pragaTa paNa thayuM che. madhyakAlIna ane arvAcIna gUjarAtIne apabhraMza sAtheno saMbaMdha darzAvanAra e sAMkaLa che ane gujarAtI bhASA ane sAhityane paddhatisara abhyAsa karatAM narasiMha pUrvanA A sAhityanI jarA paNa avagaNanA thaI zake ema nathI. e sAhityano zakya paricaya ApavAno prayAsa A nibaMdhamAM karyo che. A viSayamAM AgaLa vadhatAM pahelAM narasiMha mahetAnA samayanirNayanA prazna upara thayelI carcAonuM vihaMgAvalokana karI levAnuM jarUrI che. balkAvyadohana'nA saMpAdaka sagata IcchArAma sUryarAma desAI vageree narasiMha mahetAno janmakALa saM. 147nnA arasAmAM sthApita karyo hato ane hArArpaNa prasaMga saM. 151ramAM banyo hovAnuM jUnI hastalikhita pratomAMnA ullekha parathI manAtuM hatuM, eTale mahetAnI kAvyapravRttino AraMbha anumAne saM. 1500 pachI 2. kavIzvara dalapatarAma hastalikhita purataigrahanI sUci, pravezakapR. 7.

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itihAsanI keDI gaNavAmAM Avato hato. ghaNAM varSa sudhI A mata pramANabhUta manAto hato, paraMtu saM. 1961mAM zrI. AnaMdazaMkara dhruve vasantamAM eka lekha lakhIne pahelI gUjarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA pramukha zrI govardhanarAmanA bhASaNa para TIkA karatAM narasiMhane samaya badalavAnuM prathamavAra sUcana karyuM. A pachI saM. 1982mAM zrI. kanaiyAlAla munazIe narasiMha mahetAnA vRddhamAnya samaya saMbaMdhamAM "gujarAta" mAsikamAM tathA gujarAtI sAhitya ane bhakti' nAmanA lekhamAM zaMkA uThAvI ane tyAra pachI A viSayamAM rasAkasIbharI carcA zarU thaI. zrI. munazInI dalIleno javAba te vakhate zrI. aMbAlAla jAnIe "kaumudI'mAM ane zrI. durgAzaMkara zAstrIe prasthAna'mAM Apyo hato. A pachI sata narasiMharAve muMbaI yunivarsiTI taraphenAM pitAnAM vyAkhyAnomAM A banne pakSonI dalIlonI rajUAta karI hatI, paNa chevaTe temaNe paNa zrI. munazIno mata svIkAryo nahoto. gUjarAtI presa taraphathI saM. 1987mAM bahAra pahela trIkamadAsanAM kAvyonA pariziSTamAM tenA saMpAdaka zrI. naTavaralAla desAI tathA zrI. nayanasukharAya majamudAre A viSe carcA karIne vRddhamAnya kALanuM samarthana karyuM hatuM. A sarva carcAono javAba zrI. munazIe saM. 1989mAM "kaumudI'mAM eka lAMbo lekha lakhIne tathA "narasaiyo bhakta harino' e temanA pustakanA upadyAtamAM Apyo che. zrI. munazI evI kalpanA kare che ke "arADhamI sadImAM saM. 1512 (hArArpaNa)nuM varSa kavioe svIkAryuM hatuM ane tenuM kAraNa mAMDalikanA hAraprasaMganI daMtakathA lAge che." temanA mata pramANe, hAramALAnI racanAno samaya saM. 167pa thI 1700no gaNI zakAya. saM. 1600mAM narasihanI kIrti AkhA gUjarAtamAM tathA uttara hindamAM prasarelI hatI ane e ja arasAmAM mAMDalikanI samakAlInatAno prasaMga mAnyatAmAM Avelo dekhAya che, ema teo mAne che.

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narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya ' AjanA viSayane narasiMhanA samayanI sukSma carcAe sAthe sabaMdha nathI, eTale te saMbadhI vivecanane ahIM avakAza nathI; parantu caitanyanA ziSya geAvindadAsakRta kaDachA ke jene zrI. munazI pAtAne * sauthI vadhu nirNayAtmaka purAvA' gaNe che te banAvaTI hAvAnu DhAkA myujhiyamanA kyureTara DaoN. Ara. sI. majamudAre sAptAhika amRtabajhAra patrikA'mAM eka lekha lakhIne puravAra karI batAvyuM che. 3 Ama zrI. munazIne eka sauthI jabbara purAve| nApAyAdAra jaNAyA che. hAramALAmAM pAchaLathI padeAnI puSkaLa ghAlamela thai che, parantu mULe te narasiMhanI kRti ja nathI, ane e Akhu ye prakaraNa pAchaLanA kaviee upajAvI kADheluM che ema mAnI zakAya evu nathI. hAramALAneA racanAkALa pheravatAM mAMDalikanI samakAlInatAne AkhA prasaMga ja uDI javAnI sthiti pedA thAya che. hAramALAnI saM. 1675nI prata maLI AvI che te uparathI e spaSTa che ke tenA rtA vizvanAtha jAnI ke premAnaMda nathI. zrI. munazInA mata pramANe narasiMhane avasAna kALa sa. 1620 mAnIe te ATalA TUM'kA gALAmAM AvI vicitra banAvaTa thAya e asaMbhavita jaNAya che. evI banAvaTa thAya ane ekamate te svIkArAya e paNa eTaluM ja vicitra che. hAramALAnI saMkaDA pratie evI maLI Ave che ke jemAM sa. 1512nI sAla maLe che. 4 paMdaramA zatakanA aMtamAM ane seALamA zatakanA AraMbhamAM narisaha hayAta hatA, evA saMkhyAbaMdha ullekha pustakA ane zilAlekhAmAMthI maLe che. ekaMdare narasiMha mahetAnA vRddhamAnya kALane pherave tevAM kASTa majabUta pramANe! maLyAM nathI 3. juo, * prAba'dhu ' tA. 18-10-1936 tathA tenuM avataraNa-phA sa gujarAtI sabhA traimAsika pu, 1, aMka 4, : 4. hAramALAnAM pado tathA vastunA sUkSma pRthakkaraNa mATe jIe zrI. kezavarAma razAstrIsaMpAdita ' hAramALA 'nA upAddhAta, phArmAMsa gujarAtI sabhA traimAsika, pu. 1, aMka 2-3. 191

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itihAsanI keDI ane zrI. munazI vagereno pakSa evAM pramANa na meLavI zake tyAM sudhI vRddhamAnya kALane ja pramANabhUta gaNavAmAM kaMI harakata nathI. Ama narasiMha mahetAnI kAvyapravRttinA AraMbhakALa mATe saM. 1500nuM sImAcihna nakkI karatAM gUjarAtI bhASAnA AraMbhakALathI saM 1500 sudhInA sAhityanI vicAraNA karavAnuM A nibaMdhamAM prApta thAya che. prAcIna gUjarAtIne AraMbha eka samaya evo hato ke jyAre rAjapUtAnA, mALavA, gUjarAta ane mahArASTranA moTA bhAgamAM apabhraMza nAmathI oLakhAtI thoDAka dezya pheraphAravALI bhASA bolAtI hatI. musalamAnanA Agamana pachI A prAnta vacceno saMparka ocho thatAM te te prAntanI bhASAonI svataMtra khIlavaNI thavA lAgI ane prAdezika bhASAo apabhraMzamAMthI vyutpanna thaI. pATaNamAM vanarAjanI mUrtinA lekhanI nIce saM. 802nI sAla che, te uparathI gujarAtI bhASA eTalI prAcIna che, evo eka mata rajU karavAmAM Avyo hato, paraMtu e lekha te Adhunika che ema pAchaLathI jaNAyuM che. siddharAja ane kumArapAlanA samakAlIna prasiddha jainAcArya hemacaMdra pitAnA "siddhahema" vyAkaraNanA AThamA adhyAyamAM prAkRta bhASAonuM vyAkaraNa ApyuM che. temAM mahArASTrI prAkRta, zaurasenI, mAgadhI. pazAcI ane cUlikA pizAcI bhASAonI sAthe apabhraMzanuM vyAkaraNa paNa ApyuM che ane tatkAlIna apabhraMza sAhityamAMthI saMkhyAbaMdha avataraNo ApyAM che. e kAvyanI bhASA prAcIna gujarAtI sAthe aneka rIte maLatI Ave che. dI. ba. kezavalAla dhruve bIjI sAhitya pariSadanA pramukhasthAnethI ApelA bhASaNamAM gUjarAtInuM mULa hemacandranAM apabhraMza sUtro sudhI 192

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narasiMha pUrvenuM gRjarAtI sAhitya khALyuM hatuM ane pAchaLathI prAcIna gujarAtInuM vadhu sAhitya maLI AvatAM temane e mata taddana vAstavika hovAnuM jaNAyuM che. hemacaMdranI sAhityapravRtti vikramanA bhAramAM zatakanA uttarArdhamAM vikAsa pAmI hatI, eTale prAcIna gujarAtIneA udgamakALa lagabhaga e ja nakkI karavAmAM Ave te te kaMi vadhAre paDatuM nathI. teramA caudamA zatakamAM te| gUjarAtI spaSTa rIte sAhityabhASAnuM sthAna pAmI cUkI hatI ane te pUrve keTalAka saikAe thayAM, te khelAtI hovI joie. sa. 835mAM prAkRtamAM racAyela dAkSiNyacihnasUriSkRta kuvalayamAlA 'mAM nIce pramANe eka ullekha maLe che-- < ghaNaloNiya puge dhammayare sadhiviggahe niuNe / " 6 Na ure bhallauM bhaNire aha pecchai gujjare avare // arthAt pachI gUrjara leAkAne joyA. e leAkA ghI ane mAkhaNathI puSTa zarIravALA, dharmaparAyaNa, saMdhivigrahamAM nipuNa ane ' Na ure bhallauM' ema khelanArA hoya che. lATanA pradezane paNa atyAre te! gUjarAtamAM samAveza thAya che. e viSe temAM nIce pramANe ullekha che-- pahA olittavilite kaya sImaMte sohiyaMgatte / 6 'amhaM kAuM tumheM' bhaNire aha pecchara lADe // ( arthAt pachI lATanA leAkAne joyA. e leAkA mAthAmAM sethe pADanArA, lepana karanArA, suzobhita zarIravALA ane ' amDa TAu tumhe' ema khelAnArA hoya che. jo ke A avataraNA uparathI kAi dUrastha anumAneA kheMcavAnu muzkela che, chatAM te vakhatanA gUjarAtI eka viziSTa kheAlI hAvAne khyAla ApaNane te uparathI thAya che. jesalameranA bhaMDAramAMthI sa. 193

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itihAsanI keDI 1336mAM racAyelA khAlazikSA' nAme eka vyAkaraNagraMtha maLele che. gUjarAtI uparathI saMskRta kAtra vyAkaraNanu jJAna thavA mATe te lakhAyelA che. AthI te pUrve Azare eka-be sadI thayAM prAcInatama gUjarAtI athavA jene Post-Apabhramsha kahevAmAM Ave che te bhASAnuM svarUpa susthita thayuM hAvu oie e spaSTa che. prAcInatama gujarAtI sAhitya C hemacandre apabhraMza vyAkaraNanA niyameAnA udAharaNa tarIke mATe bhAge dasamA agiyAramA zatakamAM racAyelA graMthAmAMthI athavA tatkAlIna leAkeAktiomAMthI padyo. utAryAM hovA joie. AthI hemacandranA vyAkaraNanI upayeAgatA tatkAlIna leAkabhASAnA abhyAsanI daSTie advitIya che. hemacandre uSkRta karelAM padyomAM meATA bhAga dehAnA che ane temAM ghaNAkharA dehA zRMgArarasanA che; paNa te uparAMta 18 vIrarasanA, 60 upadezamaya, 10 jaina dhArmika, 5 daMtakathA-purANamAMnA, 1 kRSNa-rAdhA viSe, 1 balirAjA tathA vAmana viSe, 1 rAma- rAvaNa viSe ane 2 mahAbhAratane lagatA che. zRMgArarasanA dehAe paikI e teA muMja viSenA che. mALavAnA prasiddha vidyAvilAsI rAjA muMja e ja A padyomAM varNavAyela muMja hoya e asaMbhivata nathI. kavitvanI dRSTie paNa hemacandre utArelAM padyo utkRSTa che. upamA ane sacATa zabdaracanAnI dRSTie sArAmAM sArAM saMskRta padmonI barAbarI kare evuM kavitva ghaNAM padmAmAM najare paDe che. paMdaramA athavA sALamA saikAmAM thayelA kAi ajJAta jaina lekhake A apabhraMza dehAe upara 'dAgyavRtti' nAmanI saskRta TIkA lakhI che,pa te prastuta avataraNAnI vidagdhapriyatAnA purAvA rajU 5. prasiddha hemacaMdrAcAya jaina graMthamALA. 194

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narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya kare che, kemake apabhraMza jevI bhASAnAM kAvyo para saMrakRtamAM TIkA lakhAyAnAM udAharaNo sAhityanA ItihAsamAM atyaMta virala che. apabhraMza "bhaviyattahA" athavA "paMcamIkahA nA upaddaghAtamAM Do. guNe kahe che tema, hemacandranuM A vyAkaraNa "gUjarAtI, hindI, marAThI ityAdi dezI bhASAo mATe atizaya upayogI ane maulika che, kAraNa ke sarva prAkRta vyAkaraNakAromAM mAtra jaina caMDe apabhraMza viSe kaMIka kahyuM che ane pachI jaina hemAcAryo apabhraMza bhASA viSe bIjAo karatAM ghaNI kALajIthI temaja vistArathI vivecana karyuM che ane vadhu agatyanuM to e che ke temaNe tenAM udAharaNa tarIke apabhraMza dohA Apela che. AthI apabhraMza bhASAnA abhyAsanI daSTie hemacaMdranuM sauthI vadhu mahattva che." kumArapAlanA maraNa pachI nava varSe eTale ke saM. 1241mAM bIjA eka jainAcArya somaprabhasUrie "kumArapAlapratibadha' nAmanA prAkRta granthanI racanA karI che. temAM saMkhyAbaMdha apabhraMza padyo Ave che. e paikI keTalAMka e ja svarUpe hemacandramAM paNa mAlUma paDe che. AvAM prakIrNa apabhraMza padonI daSTie bIje eka mahatvane grantha metuMgAcAryakRta "prabandhacintAmaNi che. saM. 1761mAM vaDhavANamAM te racAyela che. A grantha saMskRta gadyamAM racAyelo che, paNa vacce kvacit apabhraMza ane saMskRta padyo paNa Ave che. zrAvake ane sAdhuonA manoraMjana ane upadeza artha jUnI zrutaparaMparAne AdhAre paurANika, aitihAsika ane ardha aitihAsika puruSonAM caritro temAM ApelAM che ane gUjarAtanA hindu rAjAonA ItihAsanI bAbatamAM A grantha sAmAnyataH pramANabhUta gaNAya che. emAM kula 31 apabhraMza padyo che, ane te vakhate lokomAM te sArI peThe pracalita heya ema granthanI saMkalanAnA prakAra uparathI jaNAya 6. "bhavisayattakahA" para DaoN. guNenI prastAvanA (gA. o. sI.) 15

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itihAsanI keDI che. mALavAnA prasiddha rAjA mujane lagatA dUhAo paNa temAM che. rA' kheMgAra maraNa pAmatAM rANakadevInA vilApanA dUhAo gUjarAta tathA kAThiyAvADamAM turI leAkeA gAya che tathA leAkAmAM paNa pracalita che, tenuM mULa ApaNe ' prabandhacintAmaNi 'mAM kheLI zakIe chIe. dAkhalA tarIke-- rANA savve vANiyA jesala vaDDau seThi / kAhUM vaNijaDu mANDiau ammINA gaDha heThi // (amArA gaDha heTha pheNe taMbu tANiyA, sadharA meATA zeDa, khInna vartAu vANiyA.) paiM giruA giranAra kAhU maNi maccharu dhariu / mArItAM khaGgAra eku vi siharu na Dhaliu // (gAjhArA giranAra vaLAmaNa verIne thayA, maratAM rA' khe'gAra kharaDI khAMgo nava thayA.) vADhi to vaDhavANa vIsAratAM na vIsarai / sonA samA parANa bhogAvaha paraM bhogavIi // ( vAruM zahera vaDhavANa, bhAgoLa bheAgAvA vahe, [ATalA di'] bhAgavatA kheMgAra, [have bhAgava bhAgAvAvaNI.) ' prabandhacintAmaNi'nAM padyo mukAbale vadhu arvAcIna hAine madhyakAlIna gujarAtInI vadhAre najadIka che. e padyone kAraNe mAtra aitihAsika dRSTie ja nahIM paNa bhASAzAstranI dRSTie paNa ' prabandhacintAmaNi'nuM mUlya UMcuM che. A uparAMta rAjazekharasUrie sa. 1905mAM saMskRtamAM 'caturviM zatiprabandha' athavA ' prabandhakAza' racyA che, temAM paNa kavacita te vakhatanI aMtima apabhraMzanAM paththo maLI Ave che. 196

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narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya A sarva uparathI jaNAya che ke bAramI, teramI tathA caudamI sadImAM apabhraMzanuM sAhitya sArI peThe khIleluM hatuM ane prasiddha puruSone lagatAM kathAnake, vArtAo ane dUhAo paNa lokomAM sArI peThe pracalita hatAM.7 have, narasiha pUrvanA sAhityanuM viSayavAra avalokana karavAnuM prApta thAya che. je sAhitya atyAre maLI Ave che te karatAM anekagaNuM bhUtakALamAM nAza pAmeluM hovA chatAM ekaMdare jatAM gUjarAtI bhASA ke je te vakhate kevaLa bAlyAvasthAmAM ja hatI tenuM sAhitya tenI e bAlyAvasthAmAM paNa keTalA sArA pramANamAM vikAsa pAmeluM hatuM, enI kalpanA upalabdha sAhitya uparathI thaI zake che. aitihAsika kAvyo sauthI prathama aitihAsika kAvyo laIe. aitihAsika prasaMgone dhArmika svarUpe jALavI rAkhavAnI vRtti jenomAM vizeSa hatI ema jaNAya che ane e vRttine pariNAme ja gUjarAtanA madhyakAlIna itihAsa upara prakAza pheMkanArA aneka saMskRta prabandhAtmaka grantho ane prAcIna gujarAtI kAvyo jaina bhaMDAramAMthI maLI Ave che. AvAM kAvyomAM vijyasenasUrikRti "revaMtagiri rAsa' 8 sauthI prAcIna che. e rAsanAM cAra kaDavAM che ane darekamAM anukrame 20, 10, 22 ane 20 kaDIo che. vanarAjanA zrImALI maMtrI jAbanA vaMzaja sajajanane siddharAje soraThano daMDanAyaka nImyo hate. A sajajane soraThanI Upaja kharcIne giranAra uparanAM lAkaDAnAM jUnAM daherAsarone uddhAra karIne navuM pAkuM mandira saM. 1185mAM baMdhAvyuM 7. juo, A lekhakanuM "prabanyacintAmaNi"nuM avalokana, "budiprakAza," eprila-me-jUna 1935. 8. mudritaH "prAcIna gUrjara kAvyasaMgraha" (gA. o. sI.)

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itihAsanI keDI hatuM. prastuta rAsa A banAvane rasamaya bhASAmAM varNave che. A rAsa sa. 1285 AsapAsa racAye| hAvAnuM anumAna thAya che. prAkRta 'raivatakalpa'mAM paNa A ja prasaMganuM varNana karelu che. A pachI sa. 1763mAM prajJAtilakasUrie athavA temanA kAi ziSye ' puchUlIrAsa' 10 racyA che. lI e Abu pAsenuM eka gAma che. A kAvyamAMthI keTalIka aitihAsika vigatA tathA upayegI saMvatA maLI Ave che. sa. 1771mAM aMkhadevarie 'samarArAsa'11 racyA che. A rAsanA nAyaka maMtrI samarasiMhane alAuddIna khIlajInA senApati alakkhAne tila'ganA sukheA banAvyA hateA. teNe saM. 1971mAM zatruMjaya tInA udghAra karyAM hatA, ane A rAsa paNa te ja varSomAM racAyelA hAi vizvAsapAtra hakIkatA pUrI pADe che. A samarasiMhamAM kavitvazakti hatI ane teNe lakhelAM keTalAMka stavane maLI Ave che. zatruMjayanA A IhAranI prazasti arthe kasUrie saMskRtamAM 'nAbhinadanAhAraprabaMdha' lakhyA che. 12 ' A pachI maMDalika nAme eka kavie racela pethaDarAsa '13 maLI Ave che. pATaNa pAsenA saMDera gAmanA vatanI sadhapati pethaDanAM satkRtyanu temAM vana che. keTalAMka AnuSaMgI pramANe 9. mudrita : ejana, pariziSTa pa. 10. mudrita: ena. 11. mudrita: ejana. 16. sa. pa`Dita bhagavAnadAsa harakhacaMda; tathA jIe, paM. lAlaca dra gAMdhInA lekha 'zrIzatruMjaya tI'nA uddhAraka samarasiMha,' (jainayuga, varSAM 1 pR. 102, 283, 255, 403) 13. mudritaH prA. zU. kA. sa 198

Page #208
narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya uparathI14 A rAsa saM. 1760 AsapAsa racAyo hovAnuM anumAna thaI zake che. A rAsamAM saMkhyAbaMdha zahera tathA gAmanAM nAma AvatAM hAI itihAsa uparAMta bhUgoLanI daSTie paNa te upayogI che. "dIThalA, "lAgallA,' maMDiyale," "kIle,' "kaviyale," "tumhaci' vagere marAThImizrita prayogo gUjarAta ane mahArASTranA te vakhatanA bhASAsaMparkanuM sUcana kare che. saM. 14pa4 lagabhaga eka jainetara kAvya Ave che. e kAvya te IDaranA rAva raNamalanA purahita zrIdhara vyAsakRta "raNamala chaMda" che. 15 amadAvAdanA sultAnanI savArIne raNamalle kevI rIte pAchI haThAvI enuM atyaMta jussAdAra ane rasika varNana temAM che. kavie siMhavilokita, bhujaMgI, sArasI, marahaTTA, dumIlA, nArAe, chapaya vagere saMkhyAbaMdha chaMdono prayoga karyo che. kAvyano moTo bhAga cAraNa avastha" bhASAmAM che, ane mAtra aitihAsika rIte ja nahIM paNa utkRSTa kAvyanA namUnA tarIke paNa tenuM mahattva ghaNuM che. A kAvyanA saMpAdaka dI. ba. kezavalAla dhruvanA zabdomAM kahIe to, "rAThoDa vIra (raNamala)nAM sthAvara ane jaMgama smAraka raNamala cakI ane raNamalachaMda. gaDha uparanI beThaka to raNamalanuM ja maraNa Apaze; zrIdharano pavADe te rANAne ane kavine ubhayane ciraMjIva rAkhaze. raNamalachaMdanA jeTAnuM vIrarasanuM khaMDakAvya, gUjarAtImAM che nahIM."16 A ja zrIdhara vyAse "saptazatI,' tathA kavita bhAgavata" paNa vividha chaMdamAM lakhyuM che. 14. munizrI puNyavijayajIno lekha "eka aitihAsika jaina prazasti " (purAtatva, pR. 1, aMka 1.) tathA A lekhakano lekha "saMDera"( zAradA, phebru. 1937). 15. mudrita dI. ba. dhruva saMpAdita "prAcIna gurjara kAvya" 16. ejana, prastAvanA, pR. 9 19

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itihAsanI keDI t raNamalachaMda 'nI sAthe kAnhaDadeprabandha 'ne! ullekha karaveA paNa ucita jaNuze, ' kAnhaDadeprabandha 'nA kartA vadhAre arvAcIna heAi narasiMhanA samakAlIna che, para`tu zrIdhara vyAsanA nAnakaDA khaMDakAvyamI sAthe padmanAbhanA lAMbA vIrasika kAvyanI~~A banne uttama kavienI zailInI tulanA rasamaya thai paDe tevI che. : A uparAMta sa. 1484mAM hIrA dasUrie 'vastupAla-tejapAla rAsa ' racceA che,17 temAMthI gujarAtanA vIra maMtrIe vastupAla tathA tejapAla viSe keTalIka hakIkatA maLI Ave che. vArtA-kathAnakA vArtAe--kathAnakAnuM sAhitya paNa A samaya daramiyAna ThIka pramANamAM maLI Ave che. sa. 1325nA arasAmAM ratnasiMhasUrinA ziSye ' upadezamAlA' 81 chappayamAM gathI che ane tene ' vaesamAla kahAya chaya '18 evu nAma ApyuM che. sa. 1411mAM vijayabhadrakRta haMsarAjavatsarAja cApAi '19 Ave che. jainetara AsAyate paNu ' haMsavatsakathA' lakhI che, tene samaya paNa paMdaramA zatakamAM kalpI zakAya che, kemake sa'. 1513mAM lakhAyelI tenI hastalikhita prata jANavAmAM AvI che.20 vijayabhadra tathA AsAyatanAM A kathAnakA ApaNA prAcIna leAkavArtA sAhityanA abhyAsamAM upayAgI thAya tevAM che. sa. 1673mAM khaMbhAtanA kavi zivadAse haMsAvalInI vArtA lakhI che, tenI sAthe A vArtAo 6 " 17. jaina sAhityanA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR. 487, 18. mudrita: prA. grU, kA. sa 19. jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR. 15. 20. ejana. pR. 47, A kAvyanA aMtarganA avalAkana pachI zrI. kezavarAma rasAstrI tenA rtA jainetara hovAnA niNaeNya para AvyA che. 200

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narasiMha pUrvenuM gUjarAtI sAhitya sarakhAvavA jevI che. zivadAsanA kAvyamAM keTaleka sthaLe jaina dharmanI asara jaNAya che te pUrvanI jaina kRtione kAraNe hoI zake. jainetara kavi bhImakRta "sadayavatsacaritra"nI saM. 1488mAM lakhAyelI hastalikhita prata vaDodarAnA prAcyavidyAmandiramAM che.21 e prata ghaNI ja azuddha che, tethI kAvyano racanAkALa anumAne paMdaramA zatakanA adhavaca sudhI laI jaI zakAya. A "sadayavatsacaritra" te ja sadevaMta-sAvaliMgAnI vArtA. saMskRtamAM ratnazekharagaNinuM saMvatsavIracaritra maLI Ave che. pAchaLathI saMkhyAbaMdha jaina lekhakonAM gadyapadya lakhANo A viSaya para maLe che. jo ke atyAre bajAramAM vecAtI sadevaMta-sAvaliMgAnI vArtAmAM ane A kathAnakenA vastumAM moTo taphAvata che. bhImanI kati Azare cha kaDInI che. eNe zaMgAra ane adbhuta rasane prasaMgo atyuttama rIte varNavyA che; ane ekaMdare tenA jeTAnuM kathAnaka prAcIna gUjarAtI sAhityamAM maLavuM muzkela che.22 pachI saM. 1885mAM hIrANaMdasUrie racela vidyAvilAsa pavADo' 23 paNa eka mahattvanuM kAvya che. saM. 1484mAM teNe racelo vastupAla-tejapAla rAsa maLI Ave che. "vidyAvilAsinInI vArtAnuM mULa ApaNe hIrANaMdasUrinA pavADAmAM zodhI zakIe chIe. pavADAmAM varNavAyela vastu saM. 1285 AsapAsa racAyela vinayacaMdrakRta 21. A uparAMta prAcyavidyAmandiramAM tenI bIjI be tathA pATaNamAM sAgaranA upAzrayanA bhaMDAramAM eka hastalikhita prata che. 22. A saMbaMdhamAM vadhu mATe juo agiyAramAM sAhitya saMmelanamAM A lekhakano lekha "ApaNuM lokavArtAviSayaka prAcIna sAhitya: eka tulanAtmaka draSTi." 23. bIjAM saMkhyAbaMdha prAcIna kAvyonI sAthe A rAsa paNa saMpAdita thaIne sUrasAvatrie saMgrahamAM gA. e. sI. taraphathI prakaTa thanAra che. (saMpAdake-pro. baLavaMtarAya ThAkara, zrI. madhusUdana modI ane zrI. mohanalAla desAI). 201

Page #211
ItihAsanI keDI maSTinA kAvyamAM 203 zlokanI ADakathA rUpe maLI Ave che. 203 zlokanI A AkhyAyikA 2300 kaDIne kAvyanA rUpamAM kevI rIte AvI jAya che te noMdhavA jevuM che. mULa kathAmAM vidyAvilAsa pucchanuM nAma che, jyAre pachInA kAvyamAM te rAjakumArI vidyAvilAsinImAM pheravAI jAya che. madhyakAlanA saMkhyAbaMdha jaina kavioe paNa A viSaya para kalama calAvI che. 24 saM. 141pamAM jinadayarina trivikramarAsa" 25 ane saM. 1499mAM sAdhu kIrtine "vikramacaritrakumAra rAsa 26 maLe che. saM. 1616mAM jainetara madhusUdane "vikramacaritra-haMsAvatInI vArtA 27 lakhI che te sAthe sAdhu kIrtinA kAvyanuM keTaluMka sAmya che. ekaMdare narasiMhanA kAvyakALa pUrvanA A yugamAM lokavArtAne lagatuM sAhitya sArA pramANamAM maLI Ave che ane ApaNI lokavArtAonA paddhatisara ane tulanAtmaka abhyAsamAM te sArI peThe upayogI thAya tema che. purANakathAne lagatAM kAvyo. jaina purANakathAnAM kAvyo tarapha dRSTi pheMkatAM saM. 1241mAM racAyela libhadrasUrikRta "bharatezvara bAhubali rAsa 28 sarvathI 24. vidyAvilAsinInA vastunA pRthakkaraNa mATe juo Ti. raramAM ullekha karela lekha. 25. jaina gurjara kavio bhAga 1, pR. 17. 26. hastalikhita prata zrI. rAmalAla modI pAse che. 27. mudrita phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA taraphathI. 28. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR. 1(AcArya zrI jinavijayajIe tema ja pa. lAlacaMda gAMdhIe A rAsanAM saMpAdana karyA che. tA. 16-6-45). 202

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narasiMha pUrvenuM gUjarAtI sAhitya prathama dhyAna kheMce che. gujarAtI bhASAnA uddagamakALane teramA zataka sudhI laI javAmAM te sahAyabhUta thAya che. A pachI saM. 126 6mAM dharmakRta "jaMbusvAmIcarita, 29 saM. 1325 AsapAsamAM vinayacaMdrakRta baneminAtha catuSpAdikA," 30 saM. 1390 AsapAsamAM jinapadmasurita "dhUlibhadra phAga,"31 saM. 1405 lagabhaga mAladhArI rAjazekharasUrikRta "neminAtha phAga," 32 saM. 1430mAM ajJAta kavikRta "jaMbusvAmI phAga,"33 paMdaramA zatakanA aMtamAM prasiddha somasundarasUrikRta "neminAtha navarasa phAga" 34 tathA anumAne A ja arasAmAM thaI gayelA gaNavAmAM AvatA sarvanandasUrikRta "maMgalakalasa copAI" 35 ityAdi A yuganAM mukhya kAvyo che. A uparAMta paNa jainonAM nAnA moTAM ghaNAM kAvyo che, paNa te sarva vistArabhayathI atre noMdhI zakAya tema nathI. 36 AmAM "phAga' saMjJAvALAM kAvyo thoDIka neMdha mAgI le che. A prakAranAM kAvyo devaividhya, jhaDajhamaka ane alaMkArayukta bhASAthI bharapUra hoya che. emAM jaMbusvAmI ke neminAtha jevAM paurANika pAne anulakSIne uddIpaka zaMgArarasanuM varNana kareluM hoya che, paraMtu 29 mudritaH prA. .kA. saM. 30. mudrita ejana. A kAvyanuM varNana bAramAsa rUpe che. 31. mukita: ejana 32. mudrita ejana 33. mudritaH mArA taraphathI, gujarAtI, dIpotsavI aMka saM. 1988 34. mudritaH "jaina zvetAmbara kaeNnpharansa heralDa oNgasTa 1957. 3pa. jaina gUrjara kavio bhAga 1, pR. 35. 36. ejana, pR. 1 thI 36. 203

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ItihAsanI keDI teno aMta haMmezAM zIla ane sAtviktAnA vijayamAM ane viSayopabhoganA tyAgamAM ja Ave che. jaina kavioe lakhelI premakathAomAM paNa aMta AvA ja prakArano hoya che. A "kAga'kAvyo citra mAsamAM gavAtAM hoya ema anumAna thAya che. (sarakhAvo hoLInA "phAga) jinapadmasurie potAnA "sthUlibhadra phAga'nI aMtima paMktiemAM lakhyuM che ke kharataragacchi jiNapaumasUrihiM kiu phAgu ramevau / khelA nAcai caitramAsi raMgihi gAvevau // uttama kavitvanI daSTie A "phAga'kAvyo jUnA sAhityamAM cuM sthAna le tevAM hoya che. A ja arasAmAM eka jainetara kavikRta purANakathAne lagatAM be kAvya maLI Ave che. "raNamala chaMdanA kartA zrIdhara vyAse "kavita bhAgavata' 37 tathA "saptazatI athavA devIkavita' 38 lakhela che. kavita bhAgavata'mAM bhAgavatanA dazama skandhanuM indobaddha bhASAntara che ane 'saptazatI mAM mArkaDeyapurANanAM devIcaritro saMkSepamAM varNavyAM che. "saptazatI' e ekaso vIsa kaDInuM kAvya che. "AraMbhe eka zArdUlavikrIDita saMskRtamAM che. te pachI cAra ghAta (copAI) che. tyAra pachI be AryA (upagIti), cAra rUpaka ane eka pUravachAhu (doharo) maLI paraspara camakathI sAMkaLI lIdhelI sAta sAta tUkanA soLa khaMDa Ave che. chevaTe cAra chapaya mukyA che." 39 37. A kAvyanI tUTaka hAthaprata sva. maNilAla vyAsane maLI hatI (prAcIna gurjara kAvya, prastAvanA pR. 6). 38. A kAvyanI hAthaprato vaDodarAnA prAcyavidyAmaMdiramAM tathA amadAvAdamAM gUjarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTInA saMgrahamAM che. 39. prAcIna gUrjara kAvya, prastAvanA pR. 6-7. 204

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narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya A kAvyanI eka karatAM vadhu hastalikhita prato maLatI hoI te sArI rIte saMzodhita thaI prakaTa thavAnI jarUra che. bIjuM paNa eka noMdhapAtra paurANika kAvya A samayamAM maLe che. A kAvya te zAlisUrinuM 'virATaparva. 40 bhASAnA svarUpa uparathI tene samaya Azare paMdaramA zatakanA aMtamAM mUkIe. tenI viziSTatA e che ke te AkhuMye akSarameLa vRttomAM racAyeluM che ane kavitA tarIke paNa kAvya UMcuM sthAna le tevuM che. ogaNIsamA sikA pachI ja gujarAtImAM akSarameLa vRttonI racanA zaru thaI hatI, evI eka jUnI mAnyatAne A kAvya sacoTa javAbarUpa che. A ja kavinuM eka "pAMDavacaritra 41 paNa maLI Ave che. dhArmika viSayane lagatAM kAvya. dharma ane tattvajJAnanAM kAvyomAM saM. 1327mAM racAyela saptakSetrI rAsa,42 pAkRta "dUhAmAtRkA,"43 solata "carcarikA, 44 saM. 1410 AsapAsa jayAnaMdasUrikRta "kSetraprakAzarAsa,45 saM. 1331 AsapAsa jagaDukRta "samyakatvamAI pAI,41 tathA ajJAtakavikRta "mAtRkA copAI' mukhya che. "saptakSetrI rAsamAM jinamaMdira, jinapratimA, jJAna, sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka ane zrAvikA e 40. A kAvya gUrjararAva imAM prakaTa thanAra che. bhAIzrI madhusUdana modInA saujanyathI teno keTaloka bhAga vAMcavA maLyo hato. 41. zrI. mohanalAla da. desAine AnI hastalikhita prata maLI hatI. 42. mudrita: prA. gu. kA. saM. 43. mudrita : ejana. 44. mudrita: ejana. 45. jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga, 1 pR. 13 46. mudrita : prA. gu. kA. saM. 205

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itihAsanI keDI sAta puNyakSetranI upAsanAnuM varNana che. padyakRta "dUhAmAtRkAmAM bArAkhaDIne pratyeka varNa laIne te upara upadeza ApanAra dUhAo che. A ja kavie lakhela "zAlibhadra kakaka'mAM zAlibhadra nAme mahAsamRddhimAna zrAvake mahAvIra pAse dIkSA lIdhI hatI tenA guNanuM varNana varNamALAno pratyeka varNa laIne karela che. jagakRta "samyakatvamAI copAI'mAM paNa varNamALAne dareka akSara laIne samyakatvane viSaya carcA che tathA "mAtRkAcopAI'mAM paNa e ja prakAre dharmopadeza karavAmAM Avelo che. saM. 1241mAM "bharatezvara bAhubalirAsa lakhanAra zAlibhadrasUrinA buddhirAsa'mAM sAmAnya hitopadeza ApavAmAM Avelo che. 47 - caudamA zatakanA adhavacamAM bIjAM be mahattvanAM kAvyo maLe che. saM. 1440mAM devasundarasUriziSyakRta "kAbaMdhI copAI"48 tathA saM. 146ra lagabhaga vastigata "cihragati copAI."49 pahelA kAvyamAM varNamAlAno dareka akSara laIne dharmabodha karavAmAM Avyo che, ane bIjAmAM aneka prakAranI yonimAM bhaTakatAM jIvane kevAM duHkho bhogavavA paDe che tathA e duHkhamAMthI chUTavAno upAya arihaMta ane guru che, ema pratipAdana karavAmAM AvyuM che. jaina kavioe lakhelAM bIjAM paNa keTalAMka nAnAM kAvyo A 47. A kAvyanI hastalikhita prata pATaNamAM pra. kAntivijayajI mahArAja pAse meM joI hatI. 48. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR. 20-21. 49. A kAvya rasAvaDhimAM prasiddha thanAra che. sva. maNilAla vyAse ApelA tenA paricaya mATe juo " phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA trimAsika," pu. 1, pR. 282-83, 206

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narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya samayamAM maLe che.50 tattvajJAnanA viSaya para lakhAyeluM jainetara kavinuM eka paNa kAvya A samayamAM maLatuM nathI. prakIrNa kAvyo saM. 146ra pachI jayazekharasUrie racela tribhuvanadIpaka prabandha' athavA "prabodhacintAmaNipa1no khAsa ullekha atre karavo jarUrI che. A kAvya eka sundara rUpaka che. vizvanuM sAmrAjya dharAvato paramahaMsa nAmano rAjA meha nAmanA zatru upara kevI rIte vijaya meLave che, enuM temAM varNana che. jo ke A pUrve paNa prAcIna gUjarAtI tathA apabhraMzamAM TUMkAM rUpake maLI Ave che,para paraMtu sAhityamAM ucca sthAna laI zake evuM suzliSTa rUpaka te jayazekharasUrinuM ja prathama che. saMskRtamAM kRSNamizranA prasiddha "pradhacandrodaya" nATaka uparAMta bIjAM saMkhyAbaMdha rUpake che.pa3 jayazekharasUrie pote paNa saM. 146ramAM saMskRta kAvyamAM "prabodhacintAmaNi' racyuM che. gUjarAtImAM paNa tyArapachI vANijyamUlaka ane SAguryamUlaka aneka nAnAM-moTAM rUpake lakhAyAM che, paNa temAMnuM koI jayazekharasUrinA ukta kAvyanI barAbarI karI zake tema nathI. kAvyamAM chaMdanuM vaividhya che ane rasaniSpatti asAdhAraNa che. dI. ba. kezavalAla dhruva te viSe lakhe che, "A eka ja gurjara kAvyathI jaina kavi pa. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR. 1 thI 36. 51. 5. lAlacaMda gAMdhIe A kAvyanuM prathama saMpAdana hyuM hatuM. pacAseka kaDIo choDI daIne dI. ba. kezavalAle te prA. gu. kA. mAM prakaTa karela che. para. vyakti, ninAmuM-morAga vinacatti, vagere. juo A lekhake saMpAdita karela mavyaktinI prastAvanA (u. gu. sabhA saimAsika, pu. 1, pR. 145-56). 53. ejana. 207

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itihAsanI keDI prathama paMktino sAhityakAra bane che......kavinI pratibhA vastunI guMthaNImAM, pAtranI yojanAmAM ane rUpakanI khIlavaNImAM ekasarakhI vizALI nIvaDe che. prastAvonuM vaicitrya aneka rasanI khIlAvaTane pise che ane kAryane vega tathA saMvidhAnanuM cAturya vAMcanAranuM kautuka chevaTa sudhI TakAvI rAkhe che......jainetara sAhityanI peThe jaina sAhitya cakale cauTe gavAyuM hota, to jayazekharasUrie paNa bhAlaNa ane premAnaMdanA jevI prasiddhi lokamAM meLavI hota."54 bhASAnA abhyAsanI dRSTie paNa A kAvya khUba mahattvanuM che ane jUnI gUjarAtInA pratyeka abhyAsIe enuM parizIlana karavA jevuM che. A pachI ajJAta kavikRta unmAdaka zRMgArakAvya "vasaMtavilAsa pa5 Ave che. tenI hastalikhita prata saM. 1500nI maLI Ave che te uparathI teno racanAkALa paMdaramA zatakanA aMtamAM hovAnuM anumAna thAya che. A arasAmAM "vasaMtavilAsa'ne maLatuM -e ja viSaya ane evA ja chaMbaMdhavALuM natarSi (?) nAme kavinuM "phAgu5ra kAvya maLe che. "vasaMtavilAsa'mAM sAmAnya daMpatInAM vasaMtavihAra, viyoga ane saMyoganuM varNana che, jyAre A bIjA kAvyamAM kRSNa ane tenI paTarANIone vilAsa varNavAya che. 'vasaMtavilAsa'nI keTalIka paMktio A "phAgu'nI paMktio sAthe adbhuta sAmya dharAve che. 57 bane kAvyane viSaya, varNanazailI ane aMtaryamaka ekasarakhAM 54. juo, prA. gu. kA. nI prastAvanA, pR. 32-33. - papa. mudrita : prA. gU. kA. dI. ba. kezavalAla A kAvyanA kartAne jainetara mAne che. zrI sArAbhAI navAbe tenA kartA jena che, ema batAvavAne prayAsa karyo che (phA gu. sabhA saimAsika, pu. 1, pR. 442-47). pa. A kAvyanA paricaya mATe juo phA. gu. sabhA trimAsika, pu. 1. 5. 432-37. pa7. ejana, pR. 433. 208

Page #218
narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya che ane banneno kartA kadAcita eka ja vyakti hoya e saMbhavita lAge che. A be kAvyone kartA je eka mAnavAmAM Ave to pachI vasaMtavilAsa'no lekhaka jaina havA viSeno prazna ja upasthita thato nathI. Ane ja maLatuM eka trIjuM kAvya koI ajJAta kaviracita amRtakonAM 58 nAmanuM che. teno samaya paNa Azare paMdaramA zatakanA aMtamAM mUkI zakAya. e kAvyamAM paNa chaTAdAra bhASAmAM kRSNanI lIlAonuM varNana karavAmAM AveluM che. "mayaNanda' pa9 nAme bIjuM eka sundara chaMdabaddha kAvya maLI Ave che. temAM kavie rAdhAkRSNano gAra gAya che. A ja arasAmAM jJAnAcArya nAmanA eka jaina yatie prasiddha bilpaNa kavikRta "bilDaNapaMcAzikA" 10 ne copAImAM anuvAda karyo che ane te uparathI svakalpanAe bilhaNanI preyasI zazIkalAne vilApa varNavatI "zazIkalApaMcAzikA'nI 61 racanA karI che. A zazIlApaMcAzikA'mAM to masAMkaLI paNa che. banne kAvyo ucca keTinAM che. pAchaLathI sattaramA saikAmAM bIjA eka jaina kavi sAraMge paNa "bilDaNapaMcAzikA'no anuvAda karelo che. bilhaNanuM A saMskRta kAvya gUjarAtamAM sArI peThe pracalita hatuM. gujarAtanA jUnA sAhityamAM zikSaka-ziSyAnA premanI tathA samasyApreSaNanI kathAnI paraMparAnI je asara jaNAya che te mukhyatve "bilDaNakAvya'ne AbhArI che. saM. 1706mAM "rUpasuMdara kathA"62 nAme eka vRttabaddha vArtA racAyelI che. temAM rUpAM nAme rAjakuMvarInA pitAnA zikSaka 58. hAthaprata vaDodarAnA prAcyavidyAmaMdiramAM che. 59. hAthaprata vaDodarAnA prAcyavidyAmaMdiramAM che. 60. mudrita : "sAhitya, gasTa 1932. 61. mudritaH "gujarAtI ne dIpotsavI aMka, saM. 1884 62. mudrita: phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA taraphathI. 209

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itihAsanI keDI vizvanAthanA putra sundara uparanA premanuM varNana che, emAMnA keTalAka bhAga te| * bilDaNukAvya 'nA anuvAda jevA lAge che ane samagra kAvyanI kalpanA te uparathI ja lIdhelI che. zAmaLabhaTakRta ' madana mehanA'mAM paNa meAhanAnA zikSaNanA prastAva, paMDitanuM AvavuM vagere bhUmikA ' bilDaNukAvya 'ne AbhArI che ane vIrasiMhakRta 'uSAharaNa,' kuzalalAbhakRta 'mAdhavAnala,' zAmaLabhaTakRta ' padmAvatI, ' na dabatrIzI ' esamAM najare paDatI samasyAomAM bilheNukAvya 'nI asara eka yA bIjI rIte najare paDe che. 6 gadyamA gadyalakhANe! paNa padyalakhANA jeTalA ja jUnA kALathI prApta thAya che. jo ke gadyasAhitya e padyasAhitya jeTale vikAsa pAmelu naheAtuM, chatAM sAdI, sundara ane keTalIka vAra alaMkArayukta zailImAM lakhAyelA gadyanA namUnAo maLe che. sa. 1930mAM lakhAyelA tADapatramAMthI gadyamAM lakhAyela * ArAdhanA, '63 sa. 1340mAM lakhAyelA jaNAtA tADapatramAMthI ' aticAra, ' 64 sa. 1358mAM lakhAyalI hAthapratamAMthI gadyAtmaka satI namaskArastavana '65 tathA anumAne e ja arasAnuM 'navakAra vyAkhyAna sadgata cimanalAla dalAle meLavela che. sa. 1369mAM lakhAyelA tADapatramAMthI 'aticAra " paNa temaNe prakaTa karela che. 17 , 6 66 A pachInA samayamAM ' bAlAvAdha' nAmathI oLakhAtA saMkhyAbaMdha gUjarAtI gadyagranthA maLI Ave che. ahIM ' bAla'nA 63. mudrita : prAcIna ga ra kAvyasaMgraha. 64. mudrita : enjana, 65. mudrita : ejana, : 66. mudrita : ejana 67. mudrita : ena. 210

Page #220
narasiha pUrve nu' gujarAtI sAhitya artha 'aNusamaju,' 'ajJAna' eve karavAmAM AvelA che. jaina siddhAntA AraMbhe prAkRtamAM racAyA e sabaMdhamAM eka AAka che ke bAla zrImandamUrkhANAM nRNAM cAritryakAGkSiNAm / anugrahArthaM tattvajJaH siddhAntaH prAkRtaH kRtaH // [: e ja pramANe muddhimAM bAlaka evAM strapusyA mATe bhASAmAM utAravAmAM AvelA ' zAstragranthA 'ne bAlAvabeAdha nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM, ema kahI zakAya. sa. 1411mAM taruNuprabhasUrie 'gUjarAtanA pATanagara zrI aNahilavADa 'mAM ' SaDAvasyaka bAlAvabeAdha'nI 18 racanA karI che. paMdaramA zatakanA uttarArdhamAM thai gayelA mahApati ane prabhAvaka AcArya. semasundarasUrie saMkhyAbaMdha khAlAvAdhe lakhyA che, saMkhyAbaMdha zAstragranthA gUjarAtImAM utAryAM che. temaNe 'upadezamAlA' ( sa. 1485 ), 19 hemacaMdrakRta 'ceAgazAstra, ' 70 ' paDAvazyaka,' navatattva, 'nemicandra bhaMDArIkRta 'SaSTizataka' " " ' ArAdhanApatAkA, ( sa. 1496 ) vagere para khAlAvamedha racyA che.71 A uparAMta sa. 1491mAM munisundarasUrie 'yeAgazAstra-caturthAM prakAza ' para, e ja varlDamAM jinasAgarasUrie STizataka ' para, sa. 1497mAM ... 6 68. AmAMnAM keTalAMka kathAnako mATe jI, zrI jinavijayajI sa'pAdita 'prAcIna gujarAtI gadyasandarbha ' 69, AmAMnAM keTalAMka mATe jIe enjana. 7. enjana. 71. zrI. meAhanalAla desAikRta ' jaina sAhityanA saMkSipta itihAsa. ' 5. 486-87. ( - SaSTirAtaka' upara sAmasundara, jitasAgara ane merunsundare racelA traNa bAlAvabAdhenuM sa`pAdana sidhI granthamALA mATe hAlamAM huM karu` chuM. tA. 23-6-'45). 11

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itihAsanI keDI dayAsiMhagaNie "saMgrahaNI' para, saM. 1500mAM hemahaMsagaNie namaskAra-navakAra" para,72 saM. 1501mAM temaNe ja "paDAvazyaka' para tathA e ja varSamAM mANikyasundaragaNie maladhArI hemacaMdrakRta bhavabhAvanA sUtra" bAlAvabodha racyA che. vikramane paMdaramA zatakamAM pracalita gUjarAtI bhASA para A sarva racanAo svAbhAvika rIte prakAza pheke che ane bhASAnA zAstrIya abhyAsamAM sahAyabhUta thaI zake e mATe e sarvanuM paddhatisara saMpAdana ane prakAzana thavAnI jarUra che. bAlAvabe uparAMta bIjA paNa keTalAka gadyagrantho A samayamAM maLI Ave che. saM. 1466mAM lakhAyela "zrAvaka vratAdi aticAra" zrI jinavijyajIe prakaTa karela che.74 saM. 1478mAM mANikyasundarasUrie racela "pRthvIcandracaritra athavA vAgvilAsa"75 e asAmAnya mahattvano grantha che. pAMca ullAsamAM te lakhAyelo che. te sAmAnya gadyamAM lakhAyelo nathI, paNa tenA nAma visa (vANIne--bolIno vilAsa) vaDe sacavAya che tema "belImAM racAyela che. akSaranA, rUpanA, mAtrAnA ane layanA baMdhanathI mukta chatAM temAM levAtI chUTa bhogavatuM prAsayukta gadya te belI. madhyakAlIna gUjarAtImAM "sabhAzaMgAra' nAmathI oLakhAto eka grantha che. temAM sabhAraMjanAthe judI judI vastuo ane viSayonAM bolI "maya varNane - hara. mudritaH zrI jinavijayajI saMpAdita "prAcIna gujarAtI gadya saMdarbha. 73. zrI mohanalAla desAIkRta "jaina sAhityane saMkSipta itihAsa, pR. 486-87. 74. "prAcIna gujarAtI gadyasandarbha" 75. mudritaH "prAcIna gurjara kAvyasaMgraha" tathA "prAcIna gujarAtI gaghasandarbha." ra12

Page #222
narasiha pUrve nuM gujarAtI sAhitya maLI Ave che. jUnI gujarAtInA padyamaya granthAmAM paNa vacce keTaleka sthaLe kheAlInA upayega thayelA dekhAya che. jayazekharasUriSkRta ' pratyeAdhacintAmaNi, ' narapatikRta ' paMcaDa, ' vIrasiMhakRta ' uSAharaNa' vagere kAvyAmAM A 'khelI'nA vaparAza jovAmAM Ave che. jUnA kavie tathA bhATacAraNe| vageremAM ene upayAga eka yA bIjA svarUpe cAlu rahelA che. keDa egaNIsamI sadImAM zrI gaNapatarAma rAjArAme paNa enA upayAga karelA che. mANiyasundarasUrinI 'khelI 'nA eka namUnA joie. r - hava te kumarI, caDI cauvanabhara; parivAra parikara, krIDA karai navanavI pi. si" avasara Avika ASADha, itaraguNi saMkhADha; kAiyai leha, dhAmataNa nirAha; chAsa khATI, pANI vIyAi mATI; vistavika varSIkAla, je paMthIta kAla, nAu dukAla. Nii varSAkAli mayUradhvani mehu gAjai, durbhikSataNA bhaya bhAjai, jANe subhikSabhUpati AvatAM jayaDhakkA vAjai; cittu disi vIja jhalahalai, pathI dharabhaNI pula; viparIta AkAza, cadrasU` pAriyAsa; rAti adhArI, lai timirI; uttarana' UnayaNa, chAyaGa JayaNa; disi dhAra, nAcai mera; saMdhara, varasai dhArAdhara; pANItaNA pravAha vahalai, vADiupari velA valai, nadI mahApUra Avai, pRthvIpIDa plAvaU; navAM kisalaya gahagaDha, vallIvitAna lahulahu; kuDu'bIleAka mAcai, mahAtmA badaDAM pustaka vAcai; paryaMtataNaOM nIsaraNa vizrva, bhariyAM sAvara phuI, '76 bhASAzAstranI dRSTie A grantha atyaMta upayeAgI che, eTalu ja nahIM paNa te eka vistRta varNanapradhAna vArtAgrantha hovAne kAraNe tatkAlIna samAjasthitine lagatI paNa keTalIka upayegI mAhitI temAMthI maLI Ave che. saM. 1648mAM pATaNamAM brAhmaNa rAjakIrttimizra lakhela 76. prAcIna gUrjara kAvyasa'graha' pR. 100, r 113

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itihAsanI keDI gaNisAra "77 nAme eka grantha maLI Ave che. temAM zrIdharAcAryanA gaNitasAra' para tatkAlIna gujarAtI bhASAmAM vivaraNa che. vidyArthIone tatkAlIna tola, mApa ane nANAMnuM jJAna karAvavAnA uddezathI te lakhAyela, chatAM te samayanI bhASAnA svarUpa upara paNa te keTalAka prakAza pADe che. janA samayamAM saMskRtanA prAraMbhika vidyArthIone "laghu cANakya" ane "vRddha cANakya nItizAstranA choko zIkhavavAmAM AvatA. jUnI gUjarAtImAM jaine tema ja brAhmaNanA hAthe lakhAyelAM tenAM saMkhyAbaMdha vivaraNa maLI Ave che. soLamA zatakamAM lakhAyeluM eka vivaraNa pATaNanA bhaMDAramAMnI Azare sattaramA zatakamAM lakhAyelI eka hastalikhita prata uparathI meM prakaTa karela che.78 A prakAranAM vivaraNanI paMdaramA zataka jeTalI prAcIna prata je maLI Ave te vadhAre upayogI thaI paDe. vyAkaraNanA grantho - vyAkaraNanA paNa keTalAka granthA prApta thAya che ane bhASAzAstranI daSTie te sarva atI upayogI che. emAM sauthI prAcIna "bAlazikSA"79 che. saM. 1936mAM zrImAlavaMzIya Thakura kUrasiMhanA putra saMgrAmasiMhe tenI racanA karelI che. "bAlAvabedha"mAM "bAla'ne 7. mudritaH bAramA sAhitya saMmelanamAM rajU thayelA madhyakAlIna gujarAtanAM tola, mApa ane nANAM viSe keTalIka mAhitI e zIrSaka nIcenA mArA lekhamAM. 8. buddhiprakAza, me-jUna 1932. 79. A granthanI mULa hAthaprata jesalameranA bhaMDAramAM che ane te uparathI utarAvelI prata vaDodarAmAM munizrI haravijayajInA pustakasaMgrahamAM che. te uparathI paM. lAlacaMda gAMdhIe "purAtattva'(pu. 3, aMka 1) mAM tene paricaya karAvelo che. 214

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narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya je artha thAya che te ahIM paNa samajavAnuM che. ahIM je arthamAM "bAla' zabda levAmAM Avela che te ja arthamAM anubhUti svarUpAcAryanI sArasvatI prakriyA (sArasvata vyAkaraNa)nA AraMbhamAM vAddhisiddhaze e vAkyakhaMDamAM "bAla" zabda vaparAyelo che. te vakhatanI gUjarAtI bhASA dvArA saMskRta kAtaMtra vyAkaraNanuM jJAna thavA mATe A "bAlazikSA' lakhAyela che. saMjJAprakrama, saMdhiprajhama, svAdiprakrama, kArakaprakrama, samAsa prakrama, anyoktivijJAnaprakrama saMskAraprakrama ane tyAdiprakrama e pramANe ATha prakramamAM A grantha vaheMcAyela che. gUjarAtane chello hindu rAjA karNa vAghelA parAjita thayo ane muslimenuM rAjya sthapAyuM (saM. 136 0 ) tethI pacIsa varSa pUrve, AjathI Azare sADAcha varSa upara gUjarAtI bhASAnuM svarUpa kevA prakAranuM hatuM te para A grantha prakAza pADe che; enA judA judA prakramomAM saMgrahAyelA zabdo te vakhatanI bhASAnA eka nAnakaDA zabdakozanI garaja sAre che. A pachI kulamaDanagaNinuM mugdhAvabodha auktika'80 Ave che. ukti-bhASAne lagatuM anuzAsana te "autika;" e pramANe auktikano artha thaI zake. "mugdhAvabodha aukitaka' grantha paNa sAdhAraNa abhyAsIne gUjarAtI bhASA vaDe saMskRtinuM jJAna thavA mATe lakhAyela che. saM. 14pa0mAM tenI racanA thayelI che. prAcIna ane madhyakAlIna gUjarAtInA abhyAsamAM A granthanuM sthAna atyaMta mahattvanuM che. saM. 1450 AsapAsamAM "SakAraka'81 nAme eka vyAkaraNano grantha 80. AnI prAcIna hAthaprata gu. va. so. nA saMgrahamAM che. sadgata harilAla harSadarAya dhruve te prakaTa karela che. 81. AnI sa. 1485 temaja saM. 1543 mAM lakhAyelI be pratanA paricaya mATe juo "narasiha yuganA kavio" (pha. gU. sabhA saimAsika, pu. 1, pR. 277) ra1pa

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itihAsanI keDI racAyelo che. A uparAMta saM. 1484mAM khaMbhAtamAM zrIgeDa jJAtinA eka brAhmaNanA hAthe lakhAyela "uktiyakama'-kitakanI hAthaprata mane maLI hatI.82 te vakhatanI bhASAdvArA saMskRta zIkhavavAne tene uddeza che. caudamA ane paMdaramA zatakanI bhASAnA namUnAo tarIke A sarva grantho ghaNA upayogI che ane tatkAlIna bhASAnA zAstrIya abhyAsamAM aneka rIte madadagAra thAya che. chando, vRtto, dezIo vagere premAnaMdanAM nATakanA kartutva viSe sva. narasiMharAve jyAre zaMkA uThAvelI tyAre pitAnA pakSanA samarthanamAM temaNe evI eka dalIla raju karelI ke premAnaMdanA kALamAM gUjarAtamAM akSarameLa vRttone pracAra nahato-balake akSarameLa vRtto arvAcIna sAhityanA UgamakALa pachI eTale ke narmadAzaMkara ane dalapatarAmathI lakhAvA mAMDyAM hatAM. 1909mAM sva. narasiMharAve uparyukta nATakanA kartutva viSaye zaMkA uThAvI tyAre prAcIna gUjarAtI sAhityanA abhyAsanI bAbatamAM alpasAdhanI sthiti pravartatI hatI, narasiMhanuM samakAlIna sAhitya paNa ghaNuM ochA pramANamAM bahAra AvyuM hatuM ane narasiMhanI pUrvenA to bhAgyeja eka athavA be grantha upalabdha hatA. pAchaLathI jUnI gujarAtInuM je vipula sAhitya bahAra AvyuM che tene pariNAme sva. narasiMharAvano uparyukta mata nApAyAdAra puravAra thayo che. junI gUjarAtInA saMkhyAbaMdha granthamAM akSarameLa vRtto maLI Ave che ane eka karatAM vadhAre grantha evA che ke je saLaMga vRttabaddha che.83 82. A pratanA paricaya mATe juo "jUnI gujarAtImAM eka TUMkI samAsazikSA" (sAhitya, me 1932). 83. juo saM. 1706mAM saLaMga vRttabaddha racAyela "rUpasuMdarakathA ni

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narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya A ja nibaMdhamAM agAu jeno ullekha karela che te zAlisUrinuM virATaparva" AkhuM ye zuddha akSarameLa vRttomAM racAyeluM che. ekaMdare prAcIna tathA madhyakAlIna gujarAtImAM vRttono prayoga vipula pramANamAM thato nahoto, paraMtu te aNachato paNa nahato, e atyAra sudhI maLI AvelAM sAdhano uparathI spaSTa thAya che. indonI bAbatamAM paNa ema ja kahI zakAya. aneka prAcIna gujarAtI kAvyo indabaddha racAyelAM che teno ullekha AgaLa AvI gayo che. jaina kavionA sAhityamAM chaMdabaddha kAvyo puSkaLa che. jayazekharasurikRta prabaMdhacintAmaNi" indonA manorama praganuM eka utkRSTa udAharaNa che. zrIdhara vyAsakRta "raNamalla chanda " "kavita bhAgavata" ane "saptazatI mAM paNa indonI buddhiyukta yejanA che. bhImakavinuM "sadayavasavIracaritra" paNa sundara chandomAM che. narasiMha pUrvenA sAhityamAM mukAbale dezIo karatAM indane pracAra adhika che. e pachI Ate Ate dezane pracAra vadhe che ane chaMdane pracAra ghaTe che, paNa chaMdano prayoga kadI paNa virala te nathI ja bane. dI. kezavalAla dhruva kahe che tema, "prAkRta pAsethI vArasAmAM maLelI chaMdanI cha vadhArIne apabhraMze gUjarAtIne ApI. ene lIdhe gujarAtInuM purAtana sAhitya chaMdamAM racAyuM. samaya jatAM gUjarAtIe navuM sAhasa kheDI vividha dezIne layabaMdha upajAvyo. ciraMtana gUjarAtI sAhitya echuM upalabdha ane e cheruM prasiddha hovAthI, gata kALanuM gUjarAtI sAhitya te dezamAM ja heya, chaMdamAM na hoya, evI mAnyatA bAMdhanAra puruSa apabhraMze Apelo upaghAta tathA sAtamI erienTala kenpharansamAM mAre nibaMdha "prAcIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM vRttaracanA." (A viSaya uparanI "prAcIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM vRttaracanA" e nAmanI meM lakhelI eka svataMtra pustikA gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTI taraphathI prasiddha thayela che. tA. 23-6-45) 217

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itihAsanI keDI vArasA bhUlI jAya che......vaLI, chaMdane kalAmaya upayAga AjakAlane nathI paNa kalA jeTale! jUne che. , 84 madhyakAlIna gUjarAtIne subhASitaindra dUA Aje lagabhaga adRzya thayA che. apabhraMze vArasAmAM ApelA aneka sundara indo paghaDI, sArasI, ghAta, cepAI, vastu, maraTTA, dumilA, chappaya vagere paNa Aja virala banyA che, paNa madhyakAlanA gujarAtI sAhityane ghaNA meTA bhAga e chaMdomAM ja racAyelA che e bhUlavAnuM nathI. kiva nAnAlAle eka vAra kahelu ke " gUrjara sAhityamAM kavi premAnande gUrjara bhUminAM ja 'vRttasatAne '-gUjarAtI rAgeA jevA ke mAru, sAmerI, rAmagrI Adi dezI rAgane bahu chUTathI upayoga karyo che. 85 A kathana sarvAMze sAcuM nathI, kAraNa ke dezIene bahu chUTathI upayoga mAtra premAnaMde ja karyAM che. evuM nathI, pUrvakALanA aneka jaina kaviee paNa ene puSkaLa pramANamAM upayAga karyo che. 'dezI,' ' DhALa, ' cAla, ' ' laDhaNa, ' ' rAha, ' ' bhAsa' evAM nAmAnA temaNe prayAga karyo che. samayasundare te mAravADa, gUjarAta, sindha, mevADa, dilhI vagere aneka sthaLenAM gIte tathA dezI lai tenA layamAM peAtAnI DhALe! banAvI kuzaLatAthI rasane khIlavI kAvyacAturI batAvI che.86 vinayavijaya jevAe te saMskRtamAM paNa dezIe utArI che.87 " narasiMha pUrvenA sAhityanI vAta karIe te agAu je viSe 84. prAcIna gUrjara kAvya, prastAvanA. pR. 36-37. 85. * gujarAtI kavitA ane sa'gIta ' ('vasa'ta, ' phAgaNa sa'. 1960) e AnaMdakAvya mahodadhi mau. chamAM zrI. meAhanalAla desAinA lekha ' kavivara samayasundara.' 86. 87. namUnA tarIke jIe-- 218 >

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" narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya ullekha karavAmAM Avela che. te 'reva'timirarAsa, * samarArAsa' ' pethaDarAsa ' vagere dezIbaddha che. seAmasundarasara ane jayazekharasUrinAM kAvyAnA paNa keTaleAka bhAga dezImAM che. narasiMha mahetAnAM prabhAtiyAMne 'jhUlA' kahevA karatAM ' jhUlaNAnA rAha ' kahevAM e vadhAre ucita che. gUjarAtI sAhityamAM dezanA upayega vikramanA teramA zataka jeTalA prAcInakALa sudhI lai jai zakAya tema che; te batAve che ke gUrjara bhUmie peAtAnAM 'vRttasatAnA vikAsa sAdhavAnA AraMbha ghaNA jUnA samayathI karyAM hatA. bhASAnuM svarUpa teramA zatakanA aMtamAM ane caudamA zatakanA AraMbhamAM bhASA apabhraMzanA sapanA dhIre dhIre tyAga karIne zuddha gUjarAtI svarUpamAM AvavAne mathI rahI hatI. prathamA ekavacanamAM akArAnta zabdomAM apabhraMza kALane 3 pratyaya ghasAtA jatA hatA. apabhraMzakALanA saptamIne rU pratyaya akArAnta nAmeAmAM antata dazAmAM mAlUma paDe che. mugdhAvamedha autika '( sa. 1450 )nI tathA mANikayasundarasUriSkRta ' pRthvIcandracaritra'(sa. 1478 )nI bhASAmAM prathamA ekavacananA pratyayane leApa najare paDe che. caudamI sadI AkhI tathA paMdaramI sadInA pUrvArdhanI bhASAne zrI kezavarAma zAstrI ' madhyakAlIna gujarAtInI * naTarAgeNa gIyate / mahAvIra mero lAlana e dezI // saMyamavAGmayakusumarasairatisurabhayanijamadhyavasAyam / cetanamupalakSaya kRtalakSaNajJAnacaraNaguNaparyAyam // vadanamalaGkuru pAvanarasanaM jinacaritaM gAyaM gAyam / savinayazAntisudhArasamenaM ciraM nanda pAyaM pAyam // (jaina sAhityanA saMkSipta itihAsa pR. 647). 88. gujarAtI pa6bandha 'mahAbhArata, ' bhAga 2 no upAddhAta. 219

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itihAsanI keDI prathama bhUmikA" nAma Ape che. (1) vartamAnakALamAM samar, sa+3, ma+uM asaMyukta, (2) trIjI ane sAtamI vibhaktimAM karUM asaMyukta, tema chatAM akArAnta nAmamAM mani vageremAM che tema anya prakAra lupta thaye hasva rUkAra antargata, (3) nara-nAnyatara jAtimAM vikArI rUpamAM sa+3, +8 asaMyukta ; te vizeSaNa hoya tyAre tRtIyA- saptamIne rU vizeSyane lAgatAM tene paNa lAge. paraMtu tyAM paNa ma+rU asaMyukta, (4) bIjA zabdomAM paNa ana-DuM, na-ruM, si3, gesa, pacha-ruM vageremAM svaro asaMyukata, (5) nArIjAtinA mULa dIrgha IkArAnta tema ja sva i kArAnta zabdono anya rUkAra jhAjhe bhAge hasva ja, (6) AjJArtha bIjA puruSa ekavacanamAM saMyukta rU, paNa bahuvacanamAM 35+3 asaMyukta-vagere A bhUmikAnAM lakSaNo che.89 Ama chatAM keTalIka mukAbale arvAcIna pratimAM mukAbale prAcIna rUpe maLI Ave che. saM. 1450 mAM racAyela "mugdhAvabodha auktika'mAM prathamA ekavacanamAM aMtya 3 ne keTalIka vAra abhAva jaNAya che, jyAre saM. 1449mAM lakhAyela "gaNitasAra'mAM A 3 nI bahulatA jaNAya che. jema ke - zivu bhaNIi devAdhidevu bhaTTAraku mahezvaru kisu ju paramezvara kailAsaziSarumaMDanu pArvatIhRdayaramaNu vizvanAthu jiNaM vizva nIpajAviuM tasu namaskAra karIu bAlAvabodhanAthu bAla bhaNIi ajJAna tIhaM avabodha jANivA taNai arthi AtmIya yazovRddhyarthaM zreyaskaraNAthu zrIdharAcAryu gaNitu prakaTIkRtu / 40 e ja pramANe, sva. maNilAla vyAse dhelI "pakAraka nI be prato paikI saM. 1885nI pratamAM prathamA ekavacananAM rUpamAM ghaNe aMze kArano abhAva jaNAya che, jyAre e ja pustakanI 58 varSa 89. ejana, pR. 23-24. 90. buddhiprakAza, pu. 83, pR. 365.

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narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya pachI saM. 1543mAM lakhAyelI pratamAM vizeSataH sakArAnta rUpo najare paDe che. 91 pAchaLathI nakala karanAra lahiyAo paNa ghaNI vAra bhASAne jANI joIne prAcIna svarUpe lakhe che athavA keTalIka vAra je Adarza parathI nakala karavAmAM AvI hoya che te Adarza vadhu prAcIna hoya che tyAre A prakAranI vicitratAo najare paDe che. prAcIna ane madhyakAlIna gUjarAtI saMbaMdhI je hakIkato Aje ApaNane maLe che te likhita sAdhane uparathI prApta thayelI che. e vakhatanAM uccAraNo kevAM hatAM te jANavAnuM koI sAdhana ApaNI pAse nathI. evI sthitimAM likhita pustakamAM maLI AvatAM rUpe te vakhatanAM uccAraNonA vAstavika svarUpa upara prakAza pADe che, ema sAmAnya rIte mAnavAmAM AvatuM hatuM, paraMtu jUnI gUjarAtImAM paNa vRttabaddha kAvyo maLI AvatAM e mAnyatA upara keTalAka prahAra paDe che. zAlisUrinA 'virATaparva'mAM kutavilambitanI be paMktio nIce pramANe che bhamaraDau marivA aNabIhatau pasari paisi ketakii htu| hastalikhita pratamAM A pramANe maLI Ave che, paNa e avataraNane 'vRttanA mApane baMdhabesatuM banAvavuM hoya to mamaraDAnuM uccAraNa mana, maLavItaranuM kAvatI ane taranuM teM e pramANe karavuM paDe che. saM. 1502mAM racAyelA dhanadevagaNikRta "suraMgAbhidhAna neminAtha phAganA AraMbhe nIce pramANe eka zArdUlavikrIDita che- 9. pha. . sabhAnuM vaimAsika, pu. 1, pR. 277. rara1

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itihAsanI keDI devI devi navI kavIzvara tAvANuM amIsAraNI, vidyA sAyaratAraNa maLaghaNI hasAsaNa sAmiNI, caMdA dIpati pati sarasatI maI vInavI vinatI, boluM nemikumAra TelinI rAti phagiI karI jatI.92 A avataraNanI trIjI ane cothI paMktimAMnAM "maI' ane giI' rUpe vRttanI daSTie "meM' ane "phAgi" athavA "phArga" evAM uccAraNa mAgI le che. uparyukta avataraNomAMnAM rUpone ekadama arvAcIna svarUpe bhamaraDe," "aNabIte,' "hato," "meM," "phArge' e pramANe kalpavAM e to vadhAre paDatuM ane bhASAnI utkrAntinI gatinuM ullaMghana karanAruM che. e vakhatanAM uccAraNo kevAM hatAM te jANavAnuM kAMI sAdhana ApaNI pAse nathI. evI sthitimAM ema kalpavuM vadhAre paDatuM nathI ke-mamaranuM uccAraNa mamaraka ane mamara e benI vaccenuM kAMIka haze ane te evA prakAranuM ke uparyukta dratavilaMbitamAM tene gAThavatAM koI vAMdho Ave nahIM. e ja 93 pramANe bIjA rUponuM paNa kahI zakAya. sattaramAM arADhamAM zatakamAM lakhAyelI mAravADI bhASAnI hAthapratamAM gU, "go'ne sthAne "gayI," "meM." ne sthAne 92. jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR. 44. 93. hAlamAM keLavaNI kevaLa netrapAThaya thatI jAya che, vidyuta uccAraNA sthAna saMvRta uccAraNe letAM jAya che. AvI sthitimAM thoDAMka varSa pachI amuka taLapadAM uccAraNe kevA prakAranAM hatAM te jANavAnuM kAMI sAdhana raheze nahIM ane pariNAme bhASAnA itihAsanI sAMkaLanA eka amUlya AMkaDAne nAza thaze. AthI keTalAka samaya upara "prajAbaMdhu'mAM zrI. sAhityapriTe AvAM uccAraNane grAmophona rekarDamAM utArI levAnI sUcanA karI hatI gajarAtI varazAstranA abhyAsa hajI nahIM jevo ja thayo che ane bITa bAjue abhyAsanI sAmagrI ane taLapadAM uccAraNone nAza thato jAya che. e jotAM sAdhanasaMpanna saMsthAoe te tarapha dhyAna ApavuM joIe. rarara

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narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya ," "beTha' ne sthAne "bai' evAM rUpo maLe che ane Aje paNa mAravADIo tene maLatAM uccAraNa kare che tene prAcIna uccAraNaprakAranA avazeSarUpa gaNavAmAM vAMdho nathI. vaLI bAra gAue bolI badalAya, e nyAye A uccAraNo paNa judA judA pradezamAM thoDuM ghaNuM rUpAntara pAmatAM hatAM. mArA mitra zrI madhusUdana modI hamaNuM kavi vakRta "mRgAMkalekhArAsa'nuM saMpAdana kare che. A rAsa saM. 153mAM racAyela che. tenI 22mI kaDI nIce pramANe che - jIvitavya viNa mAgau te ghosa, puhara pAchilai prANa haryo. A "ghosa" ane "sa"nAM judI judI hastalikhita pratamAM nIce pramANe pAThAntaro prApta thAya che - A B ghosa, sa C desa, harasa D desa, harasa E dhasa, harasa F ghosa, harasa G desa, harasu H dasa, hasa Ama chatAM anukrame "desa" ane "harasu." "dosa' ane "haresa," "ghosa" ane "harasa," "desa" ane "harasu," "sa" ane "ryosa'nA prAsa meLavavAmAM AvyA che e vastu te vakhatanA uccAraNa upara thoDoka aspaSTa prakAza pheMke che ane e uccAraNa, hAthapratAmAM maLatAM lakhANe hAlamAM ApaNe je rIte uccArIe chIe te karatAM, kAMIka judA prakAranuM haze, evuM anumAna thAya che. rara3

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itihAsanI keDI vikramanA teramA saikAmAM racAela bharata-bAhubalI rAsa'mAM dAvala" ane "sAbANa" jevA phArasI-arabI mULanA zabdo kavacit najare paDe che, paNa saM. 136 0mAM muslimoe gUjarAta jItyuM tyAra pachI gUjarAtI bhASAmAM phArasI ane arabI zabdo vizeSa pramANamAM AvyA. "raNamala chaMda' ane 'kAnhaDade...badha'mAM te phArasI ane arabI zabdo thokaDAbaMdha che. emAMnA keTalAye zabda gUjarAtImAM kAyamanuM sthAna pAmIne etaddezIya banI gayA che. prAraMbhamAM rAjasthAna, gUjarAta ane mahArASTra vacce ThIka ThIka pramANamAM bhASAsaMparka hato. gujarAta ane rAjasthAnano te eka ja bhASAvistAra hato. maMDalikakRta pethaDarAsa' marAThInA saMparkanuM pratibiMba rajU kare che. narasiMhanAM kAvyomAM "narasaicA svAmI" ane bhImanAM kAvyomAM "bhImacaI ThAkara' e pramANe pachInA pratyayamAM marAThI ane gujarAtIno saMparka spaSTa rIte jaNAI Ave che. prasiddha bhASAzAstrI De. TesITarIe soLamA zatakanI gUjarAtI bhASAne Old Western Rajasthani (jUnI pazcima rAjasthAnI) nAma ApyuM che, enI yathArthatA jo ke matabhedane viSaya che, paNa te jUnI gujarAtI ane junI rAjasthAnInA ItihAsasiddha ekatvanA daSTibiMdue apAyuM hevuM joIe. | muslima vijaya pachI keTalAka samaya bAda aneka kAraNone lIdhe mAravADa sAtheno saMparka ocho thato gayo ane marAThI bhASA sAtheno paNa rahyo sahyo saMparka nAza pAmyo. gUjarAtI ane rAjasthAnI bhASA vadhu ne vadhu dUrastha banatI gaI. Ama chatAM Aje jUnI gujarAtIne abhyAsa karanArane anya prAdezika bhASAonuM jJAna e abhyAsamAM aneka rIte madadagAra bane che, e vastu pUrvakALanA bhASAsaMparkanI jhAMkhI karAve che. 224.

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narasiha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya narasiMha pUrvenuM jainetara sAhitya kema maLatuM nathI? A sarva vivecana pachI eka prazna e Ubho thAya che ke narasiMha pUrvenuM jaina sAhitya ATalA moTA pramANamAM maLe che to jainetara sAhitya kema bilakula upalabdha thatuM nathI? bhImakRta "sadayavallavIraprabandha, zrIdharanAM kAvyo ane AsAyatakRta "haMsavatsakathA'nA apavAdane bAda karIe to A samayanuM jainetara sAhitya muddala maLatuM nathI ema gaNAya. emAM ye bhIma ane AsAyatanAM kAvyo to jaina bhaMDAramAMthI upalabdha thayelAM che ! - jyAre jainonI sAhityapravRtti pUrajozamAM cAlu hatI tyAre jaiinetare e dizAmAM sAve udAsIna hoya e banavAjoga nathI, chatAM Aje jainetara sAhitya lagabhaga kAMI ja maLatuM nathI enuM kAraNa e hoI zake ke jenonI jema sAhityanA vyavasthita saMgApananI paddhatine jainetaromAM abhAva hato. sAhityanA rakSaNanI vyavasthita paddhati hovA chatAM aneka jaina bhaMDArano muslima vijetAoe nAza kare che. vastupAlatejapAle sthApelA saMkhyAbaMdha bhaMDAromAMnA pustaka Aje maLatAM nathI. pATaNamAMthI seMkaDo granthone temanuM saMrakSaNa thaI zake teTalA khAtara comera raNathI rakSAyelA jesalameramAM khaseDavAmAM AvyA hatA. A prakAranI kALajIne pariNAme ja saMskRtaprAkRtanA paNa aneka durlabha jainetara pratye jaina bhaMDAramAMthI maLe che. e ja pramANe narasiMha pUrve paNa jainetara sAhitya hovuM na joIe ja, paNa vyavasthita saMgopananI paddhatine abhAve temAMnuM ghaNuMka nAza pAmyuM hovuM joIe athavA ajJAnane pariNAme jalazAyI banyuM hovuM joie, evI kalpanA thaI zake che. 225

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AyurvedanuM saMzodhana (1) lAMbI suSupti pachInI jAgRti briTiza meDikala esosiyezananA sekreTarI De. jI. sI. enDarsane thoDA samaya pahelAM eka chApAjogI mulAkAtamAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke je prayatnapUrvaka saMzodhana karavAmAM Ave to AyurvedanI vaidakapaddhati hiMdamAM agrasthAna laI zake tema che, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa pAzcAtya vaidakapaddhatione paNa temAMthI keTaluMka jANavAnuM maLe tema che. jemaNe ochAvattA pramANamAM paNa Ayurvedane abhyAsa karyo che teo jANe che ke jemane vikAsa karI zakAya evAM AyurvedanAM keTalAM badhAM aMge, saMzodhana pratyenI udAsInatAne lIdhe ja, aspaSTa paDyAM rahyAM che. AyurvedIya vaidaSpaddhati e duniyAnI sarva paddhatiomAM prAcIna che, vaijJAnika che, sUkSma avalokana ane prayogapura:sara tenI racanA thaI hovI joIe ema AyurvedanA je prAcInatama grantho ApaNI samakSa che te parathI joI zakAya che. IsavI sananA soLamA saikAmAM viseliyasa nAme eka bejiyana tabIbe, pratyakSa prayogo vaDe zArIravidyA (Anatomy) viSenA yuropiyanonA ajJAnane nAza karavAnI zarUAta karI tyAra pachI judA judA dezanA tabIbonA avirata prayatno bAda, IsavI sananA A vIsamA saikA sudhImAM zArIravidyA ane zastrakriyA e bane kSetramAM pAzcAtya vijJAne je pragati karI che te kharekhara Azcaryajanaka che. 226

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AyurvedanuM saMzodhana paraMtu pAzcAtyone A sarva pragati sAdhanAmAM mukhyatve madada sUkSmadarzaka yatnanI maLI hatI. e yatranI sahAya sivAya pAzcAtya zArIravidyA ane zastrakriyA kadAca tenI bAlyAvasthAmAM ja hota. samasta zarIranA sUkSmAtisUkSma avayeno abhyAsa karavAnI anukULatA e yatna vaDe prApta thaI ane A sUkSma jJAnanI paNa eTalI pragati thaI ke IndriyavijJAnamAM sumazArIra (Histology)no eka judo vibhAga pADavo paDyo. jenuM jJAna kAyAcikitsA ane zastrakriyA bannenA zAstrIya viniyogamAM anekadhA upayogI thaI paDyuM che. prAcIna AyurvedavidonuM A sarva kSetramAMnuM jJAna arvAcIne sAthe bezaka sarakhAvI zakAya tema che. IjIpta ane grIsamAM jyAre zArIravidyAnA mULabhUta siddhAti viSe ghora ajJAna pravartaluM hatuM tyAre hiMdanA AyurvedajJoe e viSayamAM sUkSma jJAna saMpAdana karyuM hatuM. caraka, yAjJavalkaya, suzruta, bhela vagere vidvAnoe zarIranAM hADakAMonI cakkasa kahI zakAya evI saMkhyA ApelI che. caraka ane yAjJavalkaya hADakAMonI kula saMkhyA 360 Ape che; suzruta ane bhela ke jeo AyurvedIya zastrakriyAnA niSNAto hatA teo hADakAMnI kula saMkhyA 300 Ape che. Ama paraspara saMkhyAmAM virodha jaNAto hovA chatAM banne paraMparAe ApelI saMkhyA zAstrIya jJAnanA pAyA para to racAyelI che ja. caraka, yAjJavalkaya vagere vedavAdIo nakha ane dAMtanI hADakAMemAM gaNanA kare che ane suzruta, bhela vagere zalyataMtravAdIo tarUNasthionI-Cartilages, kAnane bAhya mAMsala bhAga, svarayaMtranAM asthio, pAMsaLIone ura phalaka sternum sAthe joDanAra asthio, nAkanuM kamala hADakuM vagere A nAme oLakhAya che- hADakAmAM gaNatrI kare che. hADakuM kone gaNavuM ane kayI vaye hADakAMenI gaNanA karavI e viSayanA matabhedane pariNAme A saMkhyA bheda utpanna thayo jaNAya che. 227

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itihAsanI keDI zastrakriyAnA viSayamAM joie te judA judA regA mATe prAcIna bhAratamAM thatI zastrakriyAe vIsamI sadImAM pAzcAtya tabIbene hAthe thatAM " parezansa 'ne aneka rIte maLatI AvatI hatI. AyurvedIya zastrakriyA viSenA AdhArabhUta graMthe!-ruzruta tema ja bhela ( melasaMhitA Aje te aprApya che paraMtu anya granthAmAM apAyelAM tenAM avataraNA parathI temAM carcelA zAstra viSe cAkkasa anumAna bAMdhI zakAya tema che )nI sahitAe!mAM zastrakriyAene lagatAM varNana vAMcatAM A viSayane keTalI hada sudhIne| pratyakSa anubhava prAcIna AyurvedaneAe meLavI lIdhA haze tene kaMika khyAla Ave che. nhe ke niSpakSa dRSTie khUla karavuM beie ke e vakhatanI zArIravidyA ke zastrakriyA atyAranA jeTalI saMpUrNa hatI nahIM--hAi rArka paNa nahIM. caraka ane suzruta e e sauthI mAnya AyurvedajJA paNa magaja ane hRdaya e e aMgeAnA kAya viSe cAkkasa ane sAcA khyAla bAMdhI zakayA hoya ema lAgatuM nathI. paraMtu A ka MI AyurvedajJAnI khAmI nathI, te vakhatanAM maryAdita sAdhaneAnI khAmI che. e samayanAM sUkSmadarzaka yaMtra-ke jenI sahAya vaDe egaNIsamI sadImAM pAzcAtya zArIravidyA ATalI pragatisAdhanA karI zakI che-- athavA mAvalokananAM bIjA sAdhane astitvamAM nahAtAM; narI AMkhathI ` jeTaluM joi zakAya ane mAnavInA dhrUjatA hAthathI je kriyAo thai zake te vaDe ja mAtra, e samayanA jJAnamAM vadhAre thayeA che e diSTae jotAM sadIe pUrve Aryoe vaidaka jevA gahana ane ativistRta viSayamAM karelI pragati temanI zAstrIya saMzAdhanazakti ane ane buddhibaLanA purAvA Ape che. 'zAstra' e prAgatika (Progressive ) vidyA che. 'zAstra ka 218

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AyurvedanuM saMzodhana nAmathI oLakhAtI sarva vidyAonuM saMpUrNa jJAna meLavavuM hajI paNa manuSyajAtine mATe azakaya che. arvAcIna vaidakavidyAne labhya che tevAM adyatana sAdhanAne abhAve Ayurvede potAnA samayamAM karelI pragati jema Aje ApaNane maryAdita lAge che te ja pramANe hajAra ke paMdaraso varSa pachI A vidyAno abhyAsa karanArane IsavI sananI vIsamI sadImAM pAzcAtyoe karelI pragati pitAnA samayamAM thayelI pragatinI sarakhAmaNImAM navI lAge to navAI nahIM, kAraNa zArIravidyA ane zastrakriyA banneno ATalI hada sudhI vikAsa thayA pachI paNa zarIranAM aneka AMtarika aMgonuM saMpUrNa jJAna meLavI zakAyuM nathI ane kAryAcikitsAnA keTalAka pradezamAM paNa eNpethI hajI prayogadazAmAM ja che. eTale AyurvedanI siddhione kevaLa arvAcIna dRSTie ja avalokavI vAstavika nathI. paraMtu benI vAta che ke AyurvedanI pragati lAMbo samaya thayAM aTakI paDI che. AyurvedanuM avalaMbana karanArA vaidarAjee saikAo thayAM zArIravidyA ane zastrakriyAno abhyAsa tyajI dIdhuM che. Adhunika samayamAM paNa temanI bahumatI pAzcAtyonA A viSayanA jJAnane apanAvI zakI nathI. Ama banne prakAre AyurvedanI pragati sthagita banI gaI che, ane e kAraNane lIdhe ja zikSita janatAnuM Ayurveda pratyenuM mAna dina para dina ghaTatuM jatuM hoya ema jaNAya che. AMgaLIne veDhe gaNI zakAya teTalA je Adhunika Ayurvedoe pAzcAtya vaidakane paNa abhyAsa karyo che temane AyurvedanuM A patana khaTakayuM che ane temanAM Andolanane pariNAme vaidarAje paNa pAzcAtya vaidakanAM mAnya tane apanAvavA ane sAthe sAthe AyurvedanAM kSINa thayelAM aMgenuM navesarathI saMzodhana karavAne taiyAra thatA hoya ema lAge che. 229

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itihAsanI keDI je samaye pAzcAtya vaidakavidyAe eTalI pragati karI hoya ke jIvaMta zarIranA aMdaranA bhAgo eNkasa-renI madada vaDe joI zakAya, anya sUkSma yaMtra vaDe AMkha, gaLuM, nAka, enimArga, mUtranaLI, zvAsanaLI vagere avayavonuM avalokana karI zakAya, AkhAye zarIranAM AMtarika aMgenuM halanacalana ekasa-re pheTogrApha dvArA sinemAnA paDadA upara pratyakSa joI zakAya ane narI AMkhe ke sUkSmadarzaka yaMtrathI paNa jovAnuM bhAgye ja zakaya banI zake tevAM, jIvana zarIranAM sUphamAtisUma parivartanane abhyAsa karI zakAya, tyAre duniyAnI sauthI prAcIna vaidakapaddhatinuM avalaMbana karanArAo eka ja prakAranI paraMparAgata yAcikitsAne AdhAre pitAnA vyApArane AgaLa dhapAve e sthiti asahya che. Ayurveda ane elopethInuM tulanAtmaka jJAna ApanArA vidyAlayo samasta hindamAM have te saMkhyAbaMdha che; chatAM keTalIye Ayurveda pAThazALAe vRddhatrayI ane laghutrayInA pATho zIkhavIne ja hajI saMtoSa mAnI rahI che ane ethI ye AgaLa vadhIne kahIe to hajAro vyaktio, pitA vaidya hovAne kAraNe ja kaMi paNa zAstrIya jJAna lIdhA sivAya vaidyano dhaMdho calAvI rahI che. AvI paristhitimAM Ayurveda ane yunAnI vaidrakanI pAchaLa thato kharca lazkaranA sainikane hAlanA jamAnAmAM taravAra ane bhAlAthI laDavAnuM kahevA barAbara che." evA karnala bAyarDa ane karnala brumanA vidhAnamAM avAstavikatAnuM pramANa adhika mAtrAmAM che, ema bhAgye ja kahI zakAze. A asahya paristhitino ukela lAvavA mATe keTalAka chUTAchavAyA prayAso thayA che temAMnA darekane ochevatte aMze phatteha maLI che ane AyurvedanA bhAvi saMbaMdhamAM vaidyo ane prajAmAM paNa jAgRti AvatI jaNAya che. A kArya mATenA sauthI vizeSa saMgaThita prayatnomAM, gaI tA. ra jI navembarathI 8 mI navembara sudhI banArasamAM paMDita mAlavIyajIe, 230

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Ayurve danu sarazeAdhana paMcabhUta ane trideASavAdanA siddhAMtAnA parIkSaNa ane parizeAdhana mATe meAlAvelI vidvAneAnI pariSada khAsa ullekha mAgI le che. e piraSadane ahevAla jyAre bahAra paDaze tyAre paMcabhUta ane trideASavAdanA siddhAntA ke jenA pAyA upara AyurvedanI AkhI imArata caNAi che te viSe kaMika navIna jANavAnuM maLaze evI mAnyatA rakhAya che. tAjetaramAM amadAvAdamAM gujarAta-kaccha-kAThiyAvADa vaidyasamelananu haTTa" adhivezana ane nikhila bhAratavarSIya Ayurveda mahAsa MmelananuM pacIsamuM adhivezana eka sAthe ja bharAvAnA suyeAga AvI lAgye hatA. ane adhivezananA pramukha ane svAgata pramukhAnAM bhASaNAmAM, saMmelanamAM thayelI carcAemAM ane pasAra thayelA harAvAmAM AyurvedanA saMzAdhana ane purvidhAnanI agatya svIkAravAmAM AvI che. AyurvedanAM aneka prAcIna aMge kSINa thai gayAM che. tenA ulhAra karatAM Ayurvedane pAzcAtya vaidakazAstramAMthI keTaluMka levuM paDe tema che ane AyurvedamAM evAM keTalAMka viziSTa tattvA che ke jemAMthI pAzcAtya vaidakazAstrane paNa keTaluMka jANavAnuM maLI zake tema che e have sarvAnumate svIkArAyelI khAbata che. AthI, AyurvedanA saMzAdhana ane punaHvidhAna viSenI A lekhamALA asthAne nahI gaNAya ema dhArU chuM. ( 2 ) aSTAMga AyurvedanI vartamAna sthiti vaidyarAjo Ayurvedane apauruSeya mAne che. zrutaparaMparA kahe che ke sRSTinA AraMbhamAM brahmAe hajAra adhyAyanI Ayurveda saMhitA vedanI sAthe banAvI. brahmA pAsethI prajApatie ane prajApati pAsethI azvinIkumAre e e vidyAnuM adhyayana karyuM. azvinIkumAre| pAsethI iMdre ane iMdra pAsethI RSiee AyurvedanuM zikSaNa lIdhuM. RSie dvArA Ayurvedane pRthvI upara pracAra thayA. Ayurveda e athava vedanA ( keTalAkane mate Rgvedane!) upaveda gaNAya che. 31

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itihAsanI keDI je je vidyAe leAkamAM khUba ja mAnya thayelI hAya te vidyA viSe AvI zrutaparaMparA yeAjAya e prAcIna hinda jevA dharmAM parAyaNa dezamAM taddana svAbhAvika che. vedezane athavA Ayurvedane apaustreya mAnavA ke kema e eka judI ja vAta che, paraMtu AyurvedamAM nyAya, sAMpya ane darzanazAstranAM vividha tattvAnI je rIte gUthaNI thayelI che, mAsika taMtranuM saMpUrNaze vaijJAnika kahI zakAya evuM je vivaraNa karavAmAM AvyuM che ane Ayurvedane uddeza mAtra zarIranI ja nahIM paraMtu AtmAnI vasthatA paNa sAdhavAnA che te jotAM, zarIramAyuM hatu dharmasAdhanam e pramANe dharma sAdhanane mahattva ApanArA dezamAM tene AvI ucca prakAranI mAnyatA maLe e kudaratI ja che. carake kevaLa AreAgyAthI AtmAnA ja nahI, mekSAthI ane cAritryazIla AtmAnA vicAra paNa karyo che. nyAya, sAMpya ane khIjAM darzananA siddhAnta vaDe caraka ane suzrute karelA mAnasatantrane vicAra, Adhunika vijJAnazAstrIone mAnya thai zake evA che. mAnasataMtra ane bhautikavAdanI zAstrIya vicAraNA AyurvedanAe ja sauthI prathama calAvI hatI ema kahevAmAM vAMdho nathI. zrI vrajendranAtha sIle AyurvedanA paMcamahAbhUtavAdane Adhunika padArthavijJAnanI paribhASAmAM samajAvyA che. madrAsa sarakAranI Ayurveda samitinA ahevAlamAM kaeNpTana jI. zrInivAsamUrtie pAzcAtya vijJAnanA chellAmAM chellA upadeze sAthe paMcamahAbhUtavAdanuM sAmya che ema batAvI ApyuM hatuM. Ama joi zakAze ke Ayurvede dharma ane vijJAnane spaSTa rIte vibhakta na banAvavA chatAM peAtAnI vaijJAnikatA eche aMze paNa gumAvI nahetI. Adhunika vaidakavidyAnI judI judI je zAkhAenI theDA saikA thIja khIlavaNI thayelI che, te lagabhaga badhI ja eche ke vatte aMze Ayurveda jANanArAene avagata hatI, ema AyurvedIya granthakAre je prakAre potAnA granthAmAM e paratve carcA karI che ane kAi kA sthaLe parasparanA matabhedo paNa batAvyA che te uparathI jaNAi Ave che. 232

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AyurvedanuM saMzodhana paraMtu e prAcIna AyurvedanI arvAcIna sthiti saheja vistArathI tapAsavAnI jarUra che. zalya, zAlAkya, kAyacikitsA, bhUtavidyA, kaumArabhUtya, agarataMtra, rasAyaNataMtra ane vAjIkaraNataMtra e pramANe ATha aMgomAM Ayurvedane vibhakta karavAmAM Avyo che, paraMtu kAyacikitsAnAM keTalAMka mahattvanAM aMge sivAya bAkInAM aneka aMgenA judA judA vibhAgo paranuM niSNAtapaNuM vaidyonA eka moTA bhAge gumAvI dIdhuM che. rasAyaNa jevuM atimahatvanuM aMga paNa ajJAnIene hAtha javAthI "je khAya rasANa te jaya masANa" jevI kahevato lokabatrIsIe caDI che. vaicarAga namatukhya vanarAgasara jevI ukitao jAI che. zavyAMga to saikAo thayAM nAza pAmI gayuM che ane bIjA aMgenI sthiti paNa kaMI bahu sArI nathI. A bAbatamAM, tAjetaramAM ja amadAvAdamAM bharAyela nikhila bhAratavarSIya Ayurveda mahAsaMmelananA adhyakSa paM. govardhanarAma chAMgANa bhiSaphakesarIne vicAre a utAravA mane prastuta lAge cheH "Apa jANe che ke Ayurveda zalya, zAlAya, kAyacikitsA, bhUtavidyA, kaumArabhUtya, agadataMtra, rasAyaNa ane vAjIkaraNa e ATha mukhya aMgamAM vibhakata che. bhagavAna dhanvantarie A sarvamAM zalyAMgane pradhAna mAnyuM che, paraMtu bauddha sAmrAjyanA samayathI bhAratamAM teno hAsa thatAM thatAM Aje te naSTaprAya thaI gayuM che. e ja pramANe anya aMgonI dazA paNa je sAcuM kahevAmAM Ave te kaMI bahu sArI nathI. vaidyarAjonuM abhimAna mAtra kAyacikitsA upara ja avalaMbita che. te paNa kevaLa maharSionI saraLa cikitsA ane keTalIka prabhAva batAvanArI auSadhione ja pratApa che. tame tamArI chAtI upara hAtha mUkIne vicAre ke zuM ApaNe e phalavatI kAyacikitsAnI RSimunipraNita praNAlinuM paNa pUrNapaNe pAlana karIe chIe? aMtarAtamAM uttara Apaze ke, ne; kAraNa, ApaNe e kAyacikitsAnA mahattvane paNa dhIre dhIre ghaTADI rahyA chIe. sAcuM 233

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itihAsanI keDI kahevAmAM Ave to ApaNAmAMnA ghaNA sajajano evA che ke jeo AyurvedanuM kevaLa nATaka racI rahyA che. tenI ADe kAI lopithI athavA homIopethI dvArA potAnuM kAma calAve che. mAre kahevuM paDaze ke temane pitAnA gharavALAo para vizvAsa nathI....... ApaNe karmAbhyAsano cheka ja tyAga karyo che. taiyAra maLatI dezI-videzI vastuo. vaDe ja ApaNe kAma calAvI rahyA chIe." Ayurvedano upayoga karanArAo paikIne moTo bhAga samayanI sAthe AgaLa vadhI zakyo nathI. caraka ke suzratanI saMhitAo racAI tyAre je roganuM nAmanizAna nahotuM tevA rege jema ke meninajAiTisa rikeTa, blaDaprezara vagere udbhavelA che ane jUnI paddhati pramANe ja kArya karanArA vaidyarAje e sarvanuM adyatana jJAna dharAve che ema mAnI zakAtuM nathI. AyurvedanA keTalAka prazaMsake AyurvedIya nADI jJAnanAM behada vakhANa kare che ane AyurvedanI pratiSThA mAtra tene ja AdhAre jaLavAI rahI hovAnuM jaNAve che. keTalAka vaidyo paNa mAtra nADI vaDe ja roga pArakhavAno dAvo kare che. A dAvo keTalo pokaLa ane arthahIna che te viSe huM kaMI paNa jaNAvyuM te karatAM, pAzcAtya ane pautya zAstrono tulanAtmaka abhyAsa karanAra mAnya vaidyane abhiprAya TAMka te ja vadhAre iSTa che. ekavIsamA nikhila bhAratavarSIya Ayurveda mahAsaMmelananA pramukha kavirAja gaNanAtha sena sarasvatI nADI jJAna viSe jaNAve che ke "mAtra nADI tapAsIne badhA rogo pUrepUrI rIte jANI levAnI gUDha nADIvidyA ke jenI sAdhAraNa janasamUha ane keTalAka vaidyo paNa bhAre stuti kare che te nADI parIkSAno prAcIna maharSioe tathA caraka, suzruta, vAlmaTa ane cakrapANi jevA AcAryoe jarA paNa ullekha karyo nathI; jethI A saMpradAya pAchaLathI nIkaLyo che e niHsaMzaya che. chellA keTalAka saikAomAM thayelA 234

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AyurvedanuM saMzodhana ardhazikSita vaidyo ke jeo potAnA buddhirUpI netrane upayoga barAbara karI na zakyA athavA e viSayamAM bedarakAra rahyA teoe pitAnuM ajJAna DhAMkavA mATe A nADIvidyAnuM dhatiMga calAvyuM hoya ema jaNAya che. nidAnamAM nADI jJAna, jarUra, sArI rIte madada karI zake che paNa nADImAMthI badhI khabara paDe che e aMdhavizvAsa tarapha tiraskAra darzAvatAM mane jarA paNa saMkoca thato nathI. A viSayamAM aMdhazraddhALu janasamAjanuM ajJAna dUra karavuM joIe. ApaNe prAmANika ane satyavAdI banI, je na jANatA hoIe te jANI levAno prayatna karIe temAM ApaNuM kalyANa che, paNa ajJAna chupAvavA mATe hasIne sarvApaNuM batAvavAno DhoMga karavo e atihAnikara che. jeo AvI rIte nADIsAnano daMbha kare che teo mATe ja A mAruM kathana che......cikitsAmAM jema nADInI bilakula upekSA karavI na joIe tema ja nADI jJAnathI badhuM ja kahevAno DhoMga paNa na karavo joIe." bIjA aneka vidvAna vaidyoe paNa nADIvidyA paratve AvA ja vicAre vyakta karelA che. je ke have to AyurvedanA punarvidhAnane prazna mAtra AyurvedanAM aSTagomAM ja maryAdita rahevo na joIe. abhyAsa mATenuM eka navIna kSetra Ayurveda samakSa paDeluM che. AthI koI ema na dhAre ke arvAcIna vaidakano abhyAsa karI AyurvedamAM teno samanvaya karavA jatAM, pAzcAtya vaidaka ja pradhAna sthAnane prApta karI leze. judI judI vaidaka paddhatio eka sAthe kAyama to raheze ja, paraMtu hiMdamAM Ayurvede prApta kareluM viziSTa sthAna, je tene saMzodhita karavAmAM Ave to, kadi paNa cAlyuM jaze nahIM, kAraNa ke hiMdanI saMskRti ane prakRti bannene anukULa Ave evI viziSTatAo te dharAve che. Ayurveda zAstra vaijJAnika che, aparAya che, pAzcAtya vijJAnamAM zeDyAM jaDatAM nathI evAM to temAM che, vijJAna tema ja kaLA bannenI 235

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itihAsanI keDI daSTie e zAstra ekasarakhuM AkarSaka che vagere kahyA karavAthI ja Ayurvedano uddhAra kaMI thaI zakato nathI. kavirAja gaNanAtha senanA zabdomAM kahIe to, "caraka ane supratanA jamAnAo pachI e saMhitAomAM kahelAM aneka daradanAM rUpa pharI gayAM che ane aneka darado navAM pragaTa thayAM che. caraka subratAdi saMhitAomAM kahevA aneka kImatI dravyono Aje nizcaya thato nathI. A sarva ApaNe pUrepUruM jANI levuM joIe. pAzcAtya paddhatithI zodhAyela keTalAMka tAjAM satya uccatara bhUmikA upara che. ethI paNa tridevavAda vadhAre uccatara che ke je vAda prakRti, zarIra ane rogavijJAnanI ApaNuM suvidita cikitsAonI ja nahi paNa auSadhizAstra ane vyavahArU cikitsAzAstranI paNa cAvI Ape che. Ayurvedane unnata sthitie pahoMcADavA A tridoSavAda ApaNe sArI rIte samajavo joIe ane jagatane samajAvavA joIe." aSTAMga AyurvedanI vartamAna sthiti AvI che. enI sarvatomukhI unnati mATe prayatno karavA te, e viSayamAM dhaMdhAdArI tema ja bIjI rIte rasa dharAvanArAonI pharaja che. Ayurveda ane zastrakriyA vidakavidyAnAM je viziSTa aMgamAM bhUtakALamAM Aryoe pragati sAdhI hatI ane vartamAnakALamAM jemAM Ayurvedane pragati sAdhavAne avakAza che temAMnA keTalAMkanI carcA rasamaya thaI paDaze. Ayurvedane lagatA bIjA aneka viSayonI carcA na karatAM upalI maryAdAmAM AvatA thoDAka vipa-jemAMnA keTalAka viSe to hajI mAtra nahIM je ja uhApoha thayo che-ne ja ahIM sparza karyo che. zalyAMga eTale ke zastrakriyAnuM sthAna aSTAMga AyurvedamAM khUba ja ra36

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AyurvedanuM sAdhana mahattvanuM hatuM. AyurvedajJAe je samayanI sAthe ja rahevuM hoya to e aMgane punaruddhAra karyA sivAya chUTako nathI. pAzcAtyAe e viSyamAM je pragati karI che te zArIravidyAnA temanA adyatana jJAnane ja AbhArI che, zArIravidyAnA adyatana jJAna sivAya zastrakriyAnuM jJAna meLavI paNa zakAya nahIM, eTale e be parasparanA pUraka viSayonuM parizIlana paNa Ayurvedane vartamAna vijJAnano samovaDiyo banAvavAne mATe Avazyaka che. AyurvedIya zastrakriyA e zastrakriyAnI duniyAmAM sauthI prAcIna ane sauthI vadhAre zAstrIya paddhati hatI. veda jeTalA atiprAcIna vedamAM zarIranAM judAM judAM aMgonAM nAma maLI Ave che ane bIjA paNa evA keTalAka ullekha maLe che jethI ema pI zakAya ke, mAtra gUmaDAM phADavAM, pATApIMDI karavI evI tadana sAmAnya kAryapraNAli karatAM te vakhatanA A zastrakriyAnI bAbatamAM vadhAre AgaLa vadhelA hatA. uparAMta anya vedamAM tema ja upaniSadomAM ane IsavI sana pUrvanA saMskRta sAhityamAM paNa zarIranA judA judA avayava viSe athavA amuka prakAranI zastrakriyA viSe prakIrNa ullekha maLI Ave che. zastrakriyAno je pramANamAM vikAsa thayo hato te jotAM zArIravidyAno vikAsa paNa pramANamAM thayo ja hovo joIe. atyAre vaidyakIya kolejomAM abhyAsa karanArane zArIravidyAno pratyakSa abhyAsa karavAnI taka sAMpaDe che evI ja taka prAcIna kALamAM paNa AyurvedanA vidyArthIone sAMpaDatI hatI. kauTilyanA arthazAstramAM zakamaMda saMjogomAM marI janAra mANasanA zarIranI AzamRtaparIkSA (Postmortem Examination) karavA mATenA kAyadAnI noMdha karavAmAM AvI che. arthazAstrano samaya sAmAnya rIte IsavI sananI pUrve pAMcamA saikAne 37

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itihAsanI keDI gaNue te paNa A prakArane kAyado bahu jUno hovo joIe ema saheje anumAna thaI zake che. suzruta saMhitAnA chaThThA adhyAyamAM marelA zarIranA "bahAranA tema ja aMdaranA avayavo pratyakSa jovA" mATenI vidhinI vigatavAra neMdha che. emAM muDadAne sAta divasa sudhI nadI vageremAM ekAMta pANImAM DubADIne kahAvarAvyA bAda tene bahAra kADhI vAMsa athavA jhADanI chAlane banAvelA upakaraNathI ghasIne zarIranA avaye jovAnuM kahyuM che. zavacchedanI A paddhati pramANamAM sthaLa che ane pAzcAtyo atyAre zavacchedanI je paddhatino upayoga kare che te vadhAre zAstrIya che. paraMtu saikAo pUrva jyAre AkhI ye duniyAmAM vaidakajJAna mAtra "prAthamika' prayogadazAmAM hatuM-kAraNa prayogadazA mAM to vAstavika rIte jotAM atyAre paNa che-tyAre IsavI sana pUrve cothA athavA pAMcamA saikAmAM Ayurvede prApta karelI siddhio, taTastha daSTie jotAM, virala che ema lAgyA vagara raheze nahIM. A samayamAM, duniyAmAM mAtra hiMda eja evo pradeza hato ke tyAM zastrakriyA tema ja zArIravidyAe ATalI pragati karI hoya. IjIptamAM mUelAM mANasonAM zarIramAM masAlo bharIne te zarIrane lAMbA samaya sudhI sAcavI rAkhavAmAM AvatAM, paraMtu muDadAMnI koI paNa prakAranI avahelanA karanAra sAme IjIptanA loke eTalo dhikAra batAvatA ke mRta zarIranAM AMtarika aMgene masAlo bharavA mATe kADhI janAra mANasane pitAnuM kAma thaI rahe ke tarata lokenA humalAmAMthI bacavA mATe jIva laIne nAzI javuM paDatuM. Ama hovAthI IjIptanA loke bIjI rIte saMskRtimAna hovA chatAM ane prAcIna hindanA vaidyonI mAphaka tyAM paNa eka davA karanAro varga astitvamAM hovA chatAM teo zArIravidyA saMbaMdhI ghora ajJAnane lIdhe kAyacikitsA ke zastrakriyA bemAMthI eke viSayanA jJAnamAM bahu mahattvane vadhAre karI zakyA nahotA. 238

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AyurvedanuM saMzodhana grIsamAM paNa A badhA viSe khUba ja ajJAna hatuM. dhamanI Artery zabda je atyAre "zuddha lohIne vahI janArI naLI' evA arthamAM vaparAya che te zabdane kharA artha to "pavanane laI janArI naLI' evo thAya che! A parathI pazcimamAM zArIravidyA viSe kevA prakAranuM ajJAna te vakhate pravarteluM hatuM teno khyAla Avaze. grIsamAM A mAnyatA pracalita hatI. vaLI te uparAMta bIjI eka evI mAnyatA hatI ke hRdaya be phephasAMonI vacce AveluM che ane hadaya dhaDake tyAre phephasAM tenI banne bAjue gAdInI garaja sAre che ! zArIravidyA viSe jenuM jJAna grIsamAM vajanadAra gaNAtuM te erisToTalanA A vicAro che! A badhA sAthe suzrutasaMhitAmAM varNavelI zastrakriyAo ane AryonA zArIrajJAnanI sarakhAmaNI karavAmAM Avaze to vaidakavidyAmAM duniyAmAM sauthI pahelI ane Azcaryajanaka pragati karanAra hinduo ja hatA ema lAgyA vagara raheze nahIM. gUmaDAM phADavA jevI taddana sAmAnya prakAranI zastrakriyAo mATe zArIravidyAnA jJAnanI jhAjhI jarUra nathI, paraMtu prAcIna hindamAM A karatAM bahu ja ucca kakSAnI zastrakriyAo thatI. Akha, kAna, nAka, meM, gaLuM tathA khAparInA upalA bhAga para sAdI zastrakriyAo thatI. kaMThamALa, thAIrAIDagrathi, vela, paravALAM, motiye, nAkanA masA e sarva mATe paNa zastrakriyAo thatI. harasa, bhagaMdara, patharI, saDatAM hADakAM kADhI nAkhavAM, vadharAvaLa, jaLodara vagere darado para thatI zastrakriyAo Adhunika zastrakriyAne aneka prakAre maLatI AvatI hatI. uparAMta, aMtrAvarodha (Intestinal obstruction) thatAM peTa cIrIne AMtaraDAno maLa dUra karavAmAM Avato ane AMtaraDAne pAchuM yathAsthita goThavI devAmAM AvatuM. suvAvaDa vakhate strI maraNane kAMThe AvI hoya tyAre tenuM peTa cIrIne bALakane kADhI levAmAM AvatuM. (juo, pratyakSa zArIra," anuvAda, upadyAta, pR. 10). A zastrakriyAo prAcIna hindanA AyurvedajJo jyAre karatA hatA tyAre kalorophorma ke evI kaI ja davAnI zodha thaI nahatI, e khAsa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che. 23

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itihAsanI keDI uparAMta, pezAba baMdha thai jatAM mRtramA mAM saLI nAMkhI pezAbane rastA ApavAnI zeAdha prathamavAra hindamAM thai hatI tema ja banAvaTI nAka besADavAnI kaLA paNa hindamAMthI ja bIjA dezAmAM prasarI hatI. evA spardhA ekarAra have aneka pAzcAtya vidvAnAe paNa karyA che. paraMtu A sthiti lAMkhe| samaya cAlI nahIM ane pariNAme zArIvidyA tema ja zastrakriyAne vikAsa aTakI gayA. azekanA samayathI samasta uttara hindamAM ahiMsAnI lAgaNI pradhAnapada pAmatI gai, jethI zavaccheda baMdha thai gaye!. eTale ke AyurvedIya zastrakriyA ane zArIravidyAnI avanati tyAra pachInA samayathI zarU thai. pachInA samayamAM kAyacikatsA, auSadhijJAna vageremAM sArA je umere| thayA, paraMtu AyurvedanI pelI e pradhAna zAkhAeka te pAMgaLI banatI gai. vidvAna gaNAtA graMthakAro paNa A jJAnathI sarva rIte vaMcita rahyA hatA. suzrutasaMhitAmAM eka sthaLe dhamanIene hRdaya sAthe joDAyelI ane khIje eka sthaLe nAbhi sAthe vheDAyelI kahI che, paraMtu A parasparavireAdhI vidhAne para pAchaLanA kAi paNa lekhake agara TIkAkAre TippaNuM karyuM nathI ! . zArIravidyAnA vikAsanA sAdhana tarIke zavaccheda baMdha thayA chatAM zastrakriyA lAMbA samaya sudhI cAlu teA rahI ja hAvI joie. rAstrakriyAnu A svarUpa saMpUrNaze zAstrIya haze ke kema e viSe te zaMkA ja che. paraMtu gaMbhIra kahI zakAya evA prakAranAM keTalAMka ' Aparezane' aeDa navamI-dasamI sadI sudhI thatAM ema aitihAsika ullekhA parathI jaNAya che. gUjarAtane caulukya rAjA mULarAja pAtAnI mAtA lIlAdevInA garbhamAM ja hatA tyAre lIlAdevI maraNa pAmI hatI, eTale tenu peTa cIrIne mULarAjane jIvateA bahAra kADhavAmAM AvyA hatA, ema itihAsa kahe che. e samayanI zastrakriyA viSe vizeSa vigatA lakSya nathI, paraMtu ATaleA ullekha paNa kImatI thai paDe tema che. 240

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AyurvedanuM saMzodhana A pachI zastrakriyAno vAraso vaidya pAsethI hajAmane maLyo, je paraMparA dezanA khUNekhUNAmAM haju cAlu che. keTalAMka gAmaDAMomAM to zastra ane cikitsaka bannenI garaja hajAme sAre che. temanA hAthe thatI kAyacikitsA ke zastrakriyA che aMze paNa zAstrIya nathI, chatAM keTalAka vaidyonI jema teo paNa lAMbA anubhava ane keTalIka camatkArika auSadhione pratApe pitAnuM mahattva jALavI rahyA che. Ayurvedano eka mahattva vibhAga pazuvaidakano hato. rAjadarabAramAM zAlihotra, hastirogavidyA vagerenA jJAtAonuM mahattvanuM sthAna hatuM. pazuvaidakamAM zastrakriyAnuM paNa eka viziSTa sthAna hatuM, paraMtu Aje te grAmapradezomAMnA keI apavAda sivAya e vidyAnA jJAnanuM nAmanizAna nathI ane paradezI pazurogavidyA e ja ApaNe ekamAtra Azraya che. arvAcIna vaivAmAM zastrakriyAnA jJAnano pracAra nathI ane zArIravidyAnuM jJAna paNa pramANamAM maryAdita che, ane je che te paNa moTe bhAge vyavahArU nathI. Ayurveda mahAsaMmelananA pramukha paM. chAMgANI kahe che tema karmAbhyAsano tyAga thayo che. keTalAka jANItA vaidyone zarIranA upayogI aMgenA kAryanI pUrI khabara nathI tema ja eka vaidya zavaccheda thatA joIne bebhAna jevA thaI gayelA te huM jANuM chuM. spaSTa karavAnI jarUra che ke AmAM koIne paNa vyaktigata vAMka nathI, paraMtu lAMbA samayathI chUTI gayelA karmabhyAsanuM punarAvana karavA joIe tevA prayAsa thayo nathI e ja mAtra A paristhitinuM kAraNa che. je samaye duniyAnA koI paNa dezamAM zastrakriyA ane zArIravidyAnuM astitva nahotuM tyAre e viSayamAM zAstrIya vikAsa sAdhanAra AyurvedanA vaMzajone vIsamI sadImAM e bemAMthI eke vidyAnuM pUruM jJAna na hoya to AyurvedanI upayogitA athavA zAstrIyatA pratye prajA bedarakAra rahe e svAbhAvika che. A dizAmAM 241

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ItihAsanI keDI keTalAka chUTAchavAyA prayatna thayA che, paraMtu eTaluM ja mAtra basa nathI. caraka ke suzrutanA TharAvelA adhyAyonA ja adhyayana uparAMta vacachedanA pratyakSa darzana vaDe racAyelAM e viSayanuM adyatana jJAna ApanAra pAThyapustaka prakaTa thavAM joIe ane vyavahAruM jJAna mATe Ayurveda vidyAlayomAM atyAre che te karatAM vizeSa sagavaDe thavI joIe. dareka AyurvedanuM zastravaidya thaI na zake e samajI zakAya evI vAta che, paraMtu samayanI sAthe rahevA mATe, pAzcAtyAe zeAdhelAM keTalAka satyo ke je, kavirAja gaNanAtha sena kahe che tema, uccatara bhUmikA para che temanuM adhyayana ane AyurvedamAM temane samanvaya to jarUrI che ja. vartamAnakALamAM rahIsahI kAyacikitsA vaDe je ke AyurvedanuM mahattva jaLavAyeluM che, chatAM zavada ItyAdi pratyakSa pramANene AdhAre taiyAra thayelI zArIravidyAnA aghatana jJAna sivAya kAyacikitsAnuM paNa aghatana jJAna saMbhavI zakatuM nathI eTaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnI jarUra che. Ayurveda ane kAmazAstra kAzAstra e che ke AyurvedanuM eka pratyakSa aMga nathI, paraMtu AyurvedanA graMthamAM ene lagatuM jevuM ane jeTaluM lakhANa che te jotAM kAmazAstrane AyurvedanuM eka mahatvanuM AnuSagika zAstra gaNavuM e ISTa che. caraka, suzrata, vAlmaTa ityAdi mAnya graMthamAM kAmazAstranA viSayanI je carcA karavAmAM AvI che te ArogyArthI deha ane AregyArthI AtmA e benI daSTie moTe bhAge che, jyAre vAsyAyana kAmasUtra ane tenAM anuSaMgI anya saMkhyAbaMdha pustakomAM kAmazAstranA viSayanI karelI carcA AkhA samAjane dRSTimAM rAkhIne ane manuSyanI prakRti vAMchanAone saMtoSa ApavA sAthe dharma ane ArogyanA sAdhananI najare thayelI che. 242

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AyurvedanuM saMzodhana atre, kAmazAstranA anya graMtha ane AyurvedanA graMthane goTALA karI devAnI jarUra nathI. Ayurvede potAnA viSayanuM samagra rIte nirUpaNa karatAM tenI maryAdAmAM AvatA kAmazAstranA viSayanI carcA karI che, jyAre vAtsyAyanAdino kAmazAstra eja eka mAtra viSaya che. eTale caraka, suzrata ItyAdinuM zAstra samAja karatAM davAnuM- svArthanuM zAstra vadhAre aMze che, vAtsyAyana vagerenuM zAstra davA karatAM samAjanuM zAstra vadhAre aMze che. anya mAnya zAstranI jema kAmazAstranI paraMparA paNa TheTha sRSTinA AraMbhakALa sudhI laI javAmAM Ave che. prajApatie sRSTinI racanA karyA pachI trivargasAdhana mATe eka lAkha adhyAyavALuM eka zAstra racyuM. temAMthI kAmazAstrano viSaya judo pADIne zaMkaranA anucara naMdIzvare eka hajAra adhyAyamAM kAmazAstranI racanA karI. ahIM sudhInI paraMparA vAstavika artha mAM purANakathA ja che. tyAra pachI kharekhara ItihAsa zarU thAya che. chAndIpaniSadanA taravamaNi e mahAmUtranA upadezaka, ane vAtsyAyanane TIkAkAra kahe che tema parastrIgamana ane madyapAnano pahelavahelo niSedha karanAra tathA kAmazAstranuM samAjazAstrathI avireAdhI svarUpa ghaDanAra maharSi vetaketue pa00 adhyAyavALuM eka kAmazAstra naMdInA kAmazAstra parathI racyuM. A pachI temAMnAM judAM judAM aMge para judA judA paMDitAe gaLe lakhyA hatA ema vAtsyAyananA ullekho parathI jaNAya che. vetaketunI pachI bAbhravya kAmazAstranI pharIvAra racanA karI. bAbhravyanAM sAta adhikaraNe paikI "vaizika'-vaizyAone lagatA-adhikaraNane sAra laI tenI judA ja pustaka rUpe racanA pATalIputranI vasyAonA kahevAthI dattaka nAme paMDite karI; tema ja bAkInAM che adhikaraNa anukrame, cArAyaNe sAdhAraNa, suvarNanAbhe sAMprayogika, gheTakamukhe kanyAprayukta, gornadIye bhAryAdhikaraNa, geNikAputre pAradArika ane kusumAre aupaniSadika e pramANe racyAM. A pachI sAmAnya 243

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itihAsanI keDI * lokAnI samajane mATe kAmazAstrane lagatA sakSipta granthAnI paNu saMkhyAbaMdha racanAe thai che. sva. vaidyarAja zaMkara dAjI padee taiyAra karelI AyurvedIya pustakonI yAdImAM tathA aupheTanA kaeNTelAgasa pheMTelAgeAram'mAM evAM Azare cAlIseka pustakAnAM nAma maLI Ave che, jemAMthI kacUDAmaNi, anagaraga, ratirahasya, nAgarasasva, ritamaMjarI, poMcasAyaka, smaradIpikA, ratiratnapradIpikA, sucimAratantra, vagere mudrita thayelAM che ane temAMnAM keTalAkanA dezI bhASAemAM te ja yure|pIya bhASAomAM paNa anuvAde thayelAM che. Ama, hindamAM kAmazAstraviSayaka jJAna keTaluM prAcIna che te jaNAi Avaze. AreAgyaviSayaka anya zAstrAnI jema A zAstranI paNa sauthI prathama prati duniyAbharamAM hindu ja karI hatI ema kahevAmAM kAi jAtanA itihAsavarAdha nathI. tenI ATalI prAcIna aitihAsika paraMparA ane zAstrIya carcA anya kAi paNa dezamAM maLatI nathI. kAmazAstranA sAcA jJAnathI pAzcAtyeA e samaye ajANa hatA. grIsa ane rAmamAM pratiSTita leAkA paNa sajAtIya saMyeAgane strIpuruSanA sacega jeTalA ja kudaratI mAnatA--ane te paNa eTale sudhI ke strIpuruSanA premanI jema, sajAtIya premanA viSaya para paNa kAvyA lakhAyAM che! jarmana ane phrenca bhASAmAM DeDa seALamI-sattaramI sadI sudhI e prakAranI navalakathAo ane kAvyA thAka^dha lakhAyAM che. pAchaLathI vaividyAnI pragati thatAM, vAstavika vastusthiti jaNAtAM evA sAhityaprakAzana sAme pracArakArya thavA lAgyuM. jAtIya vikRtie sarva sthaLe che ane hindamAM paNa hatI te tatkAlIna aneka ullekha parathI jaNAi Ave che. paraMtu prAcIna bhAratavAsIo vikRtine vikRti tarIke ja pichAnatA hatA, e ja vastu mahattvanI che. 244

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AyurvedanuM saMzodhana hamaNAM keTalAkane kAmazAstranuM nAma sAMbhaLIne jAmanagaravALA maNizaMkara goviMdajInuM "kAmazAstra" yAda Ave che. ane AvAM kAraNone lIdhe kAmazAstra eTale azlIla zAstra evI ja mAnyatA samAjanA eka meTA vargamAM da% thai gayelI che. prAcIna hindamAM sthiti AthI sAva judA prakAranI hatI. kAma e trivargasAdhana paikIno eka puruSArtha hato. vedomAM paNa e viSaya pratye mAna vyakta karatA ullekho ane mantro maLe che. kAmazAstranA eka lekhake e viSe lakhyuM che ke savAranA di mamAkUvA ! A zAstra bilakula hIna gaNAtuM nahotuM ane te paNa eTale sudhI ke padmazrI jevA boddha sAdhue "nAgarasarvasvam' jevA kAmazAstranA granthanI racanA pitAnA anuyAyIonA hitane khAtarI karI che, ane agAunA aneka kAmazAstrakAra vetaketu, vAtsyAyana vagere RSio hatA. kAmazAstra-khAsa karI vyavAthavidhinA viSayamAM AyurvedajJoe upadezeluM svasthavRtta ( Hygiene)-jo ke dharma ane vahemanuM temAM keTaluMka mizraNa thayeluM hovA chatAM-te vakhate sauthI adyatana hatuM ane atyAre paNa che ema ApaNe kahI zakIe. enI badhAM ja daSTibinduothI AlocanA karavAne ahIM avakAza nathI, paraMtu caraka, suzruta ane vAbhaTanAM ene lagatAM prakaraNanuM avalokana karavAthI A vAtanI khAtrI thaze. kAmazAstranA saMskRta grantha mAtra e viSayanA abhyAsanI daSTie ja nahIM, paNa samAjazAstranA abhyAsanI dRSTie paNa khUba ja mahatvanA che. vAsyAyananA kAmasUtra parathI tatkAlIna samAjasthitino abhyAsa karavAne khUba mahattvanI sAmagrI maLI Ave che (juo, pro. cAkaladArakRta Studies in Vatsyayana Kamasutra). IsavI sana pUrvenA kAmasUtrathI mAMDI paMdaramI soLamI sadInAM anaMgaraMga ane ratiratnapradIpikAnuM avalokana karatAM strI jAtinI uttarottara hina 25

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itihAsanI keDI thaye jatI sthitine ane vilAsanA eka sAdhana tarIkenI tenI gaNanAno paNa khyAla Ave che. hindu kAmazAstranA abhyAsa parathI sAmAjika ItihAsano Akho grantha lakhI zakAya tema che. keTalAka saMskRta granthamAM sagarbhA strIne chokare ja pedA thAya evI auSadhio batAvelI che. AvI auSadhio kevaLa vahema ane ajJAnanuM ja pariNAma che ema ghaNA mAnatA ane hajI paNa mAne che. paNa pro. seMse sapraga ema puravAra karI batAvyuM che ke sagarbhA strInA pezAbamAM je sAkara jatI aTake to saMtAna narajAtinuM ja thaze. pezAbamAM sAkara javAne lIdhe zarIranI garamI ochI. thAya che ane eka vidvAne maraghAM, madhamAkhIo vagere prANIo para prayoga karIne pUravAra karyuM che ke garamI vadhAre tema nara vadhAre. sagarbhA strIonA pezAbamAM sAmAnya rIte sAkara jAya che ane sAkara javI te bIjanI paripakavatAne ghaTADanAra che. Ama thavAne lIdhe, vadhAre sAkara javAthI nabaLI jata-eTale ke mAdA-utpanna thAya che. sagarbhA strIne je putra ja joIto hoya to lakSmaNA, putraMjIvI vagere auSadhio levAnI salAha AyurvedIya granthamAM apAI che. A auSadhio vaDe pezAbamAM sAkara jatI baMdha thAya che, ema ghaNA mAne che. kAyacikitsAmAM AyurvedajJoe karelI pragati jotAM A prayoga sAcA hoya e asaMbhavita nathI. tajajJoe A viSayamAM saMzodhana karIne enI vAstavikatA para nirNaya bAMdhavo joIe. atyAre paNa kAmazAstranA graMthamAMthI ghaNAM navAM to sAMpaDavAno saMbhava che. e graMtha zAstrIya paddhatio, judI judI hastalikhita pratonI vigatavAra tulanA sAthe, prakaTa thayA nathI. temAM jaNAvelI keTalIka vanaspatio ane dravyo Aje saMdigdha che. TUMka samayamAM sthapAnAra nikhila bhAratavarSIya Ayurvedika vijJAna samiti athavA gUjarAta Ayurvedika vijJAna samiti je A granthanI zAstrIya daSTie 246

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AyurvedanuM saMzodhana saMzodhita karavAmAM AvelI, pAzcAtya jAtIya vijJAnanAM tulanAtmaka TippaNe sAthenI, AvRttio prakaTa karavAnuM kArya upADI le ane aMgrejI tema ja saMskRtanA sArA jJAtAone A saMzodhananuM kAma soMpe to te vaDe AyurvedanI maryAdAmAM pUrepUrI rIte kadAca na AvavA chatAM tenA anivArya rIte anuSagI evA eka prAcIna zAstranA uddhAranuM mahattvanuM kArya thaI zakaze. (5) Ayurveda ane saMtatiniyamana saMtatiniyamanano prazna AjakAla khUba ja carcAspada banelo che. saMtAnanirodhanA upAya tarIke kAM to pisarI ityAdi pAzcAtya sAdhane athavA saMyamano Adarza e bemAMthI eka raju karavAmAM Ave che. saMtAnanidhana pAzcAtya upAye so TakA phattehamaMda thatA nathI; te ja sAthe aneka kAraNone lIdhe keTalIka vAra to majajAtaMtra para paNa kharAba asara karanArA thaI paDe che e jANItuM che. bIjI bAju saMyamane Adarza e vAstavika rIte jotAM to kevaLa Adarza rahevAne ja sarjAyelo che. saMtatiniyamanane je ISTa gaNavAmAM AvatuM hoya to paNa AvI paristhitimAM te mATenA taddana nirdoSa upAyanI zodha ghaNAne muzkela lAge che. A mathALAmAM meM Ayurveda sAthe saMtatiniyamananuM nAma joyuM che, tethI kadAca koIne Azcarya lAgaze. paraMtu kahevAnI jarUra che ke eka athavA bIjA kAraNone lIdhe manuSyasvabhAva lagabhaga badhA ja yugamAM ekasarakho rahyo che ane je uddeza sAdhavA mATe vartamAnamAM saMtatiniyamana ke saMtAnanidhanI himAyata karavAmAM Ave che te ja uddeza lagabhaga sAdhavA mATe bhUtakALanA manuSyone svabhAva paNa AkarSAyo hato. mAtra AdhyAtmikatAne ja pradhAnapada ApanAra vicArazreNimAM strIpuruSanA saMgano pavitra uddeza kevaLa prajotpattine ja 247

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itihAsanI keDI hovAnuM gaNavAmAM AvatuM hatuM, paraMtu bAkInAoe to e saMbaMdhamAM AnaMdane avakAza hevAne khullA dile svIkAra karyo che. prAcIna hindamAM ghI, dUdha ane samRddhinI bahulatA hatI ane keTalAkane jema dezanI garIbIne aMge atyAre saMtatiniyamananI anivArya agatya jaNAya che evuM te vakhate lAgatuM nahotuM, eTaluM ja nahIM paraMtu navapariNIta strIone zaputraH mavanA AzIrvAdo apAtA. Ama chatAM te vakhate saMtAnanirodha mATenI davAonI te zodha thaI hatI ja. bahadAraNyaka upaniSat jevA prAcIna upaniSamAM eka manna maLe che-3tha gAma jarma pati tAmartha niSThAtha muna munarva sandhAyAbhiprANyApAnyAdindriyeNa te retasA reta Adada itayaretA eva bhavati / A maMtrano akSarazaH artha samajAto nathI, paraMtu garbhAdhAnanirodha mATeno A mAtra che e to samajI zakAya che. e mantra uparanA zrIzaMkarAcAryanA bhASyamAMthI A ja vastu samajAya che. Azare navamA-dazamA zatakamAM racAyelA digaMbara jaina tannagrantha "bhairavapadmAvatI kalpa'mAM paNa garbhAdhAnanirodha mATenA mannA che, manve A buddhipradhAna yugamAM sAcA manAvA muzkela che, paraMtu eTalA prAcIna kALamAM paNa garbhAdhAnanirodha pratye janasamAjanI vRtti hatI ane garbhAdhAnanirodha thato paNa haze e te A ullekho parathI jaNAI Avaze. kRtrima sAdhano e samayamAM hovAM asaMbhavita che, paraMtu kAmazAstranA saMskRta graMthamAM garbhAdhAnanirodha mATenI davAonA saMkhyAbaMdha prayogo ApyA che. "kucimAratatvane kartA tenA vadhyAkaraNa" nAme sAtamA paTalamAM A prayogonI prastAvanA karatAM lakhe che ke: na klezo nA'pi saMmoho na rogAdibhayaM kvacit / na vA prasavaduHkhAdi na vA hAnividhAyakam // gRhasthAnAM sukhakaro yogo'yamatidurlabha : / kucimArena muninA parikIrtita : / / 248

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AyurvedanuM saMzodhana A mATenA prayogo jemAM apAyA che te graMthonA kartAo pitAnA samayamAM vidvAna tarIke paMkAI gayA che ane kucimAra taMtrane kartA paNa A prayogo nirdoSa hovAnI khAtarI Ape che. judAM judAM pustakamAMthI lagabhaga pacIsa jeTalA AvA prayoga maLI Ave che, jemAMnA keTalAka vaDe sAta divasa, keTalAka vaDe eka mAsa, keTalAka vaDe eka varSa ane keTalAka vaDe janmaparyata strIne vandayatva Ave che evo dAvo karavAmAM AvyA che. prazna mAtra eTalo ja che ke je sthitimAM A prayogo maLI Ave che te ja sthitimAM te vAparavA ke kema? mudrita pustakanA pAThemAM spaSTa azuddhi jaNAI Ave che ane jyAM sudhI te dizAmAM gya saMzodhana thAya nahIM tyAM sudhI e prayogo vAparavA vAjabI nathI. jo ke saMkhyAbaMdha prayogomAMthI thoDAka to nirdoSa haze, e sAthe seMghA to che ja. saMtAnanirodhane je ISTa ja gaNavAmAM Avato hoya to bIjo kharcALa sAdhanA karatAM A prayogonI vizeSa upayogitA zA mATe nahIM ? A pratye vidvAna vidyA ane dAktaree dhyAna ApavAnI jarUra che. A prakAranI khAvAnI davAo levAthI e prayogomAM jaNAvyA pramANe, je strIbIjano kharekhara nAza thato hoya to bIjAya (Ovaries)nI zastrakriyAne ja sattAnanirodhano ekamAtra upAya samajatI Adhunika pAzcAtya vaidakavidyAnA jJAnamAM paNa e vaDe eka mahattvane umero thAya che. jo ke spaSTa karavAnI jarUra che ke chapAyelA granthamAM je svarUpamAM te ApyA che te svarUpamAM koI e vAparavAnuM sAhasa na kare; kAraNa ke vaidakanA A kSetramAM AyurvedanI saMzodhanavRtti hajI vaLI nathI, eTale emAM koI prakAranI azuddhi mULa hastalikhita prato lakhanArAonA hAthe ke sadarahu pustakanA saMpAdakene hAthe ghUsI gaI hoya te kaMI navAI jevuM nathI.

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itihAsanI keDI chatAM A prayogonI satyatA viSe zaMkA rAkhavAnuM kAraNa nathI. upaniSadakALa jeTalA prAcIna samayathI sanmAnanirodha viSe ullekha maLI Ave che te jotAM tema ja "kucimAra tanna'nA kartAe vadhyAkaraNa" viSe je ullekha karyo che te jotAM enI pAchaLa eka saMtata paraMparA hatI, emAM zaka nathI, eTale e dizAmAM have jarUra che mAtra prayatnapUrvakanA saMzodhananI. hindanA judA judA bhAgamAM Aje saMkhyAbaMdha Ayurveda vidyAlaye, mAtra AyurvedanuM ja nahIM paraMtu eNlopethInI paNa jJAtavya zAkhAonuM zikSaNa ApI rahela che, teo je AvA prayogonA saMzodhananuM kArya upADI le to deza upara eka mahad upakAra thayo gaNAze. jo ke ApaNA dezamAM pazcimanI jema AvA prayogo potAnI jAta upara karavA devAne strIo taiyAra thAya ke kema e zaMkAspada che tema ja A bAbatamAM anubhava thayo hoya to te bahAra mUkatAM lake acakAya che. eka suprasiddha Ayurveda mArI sAthenA patramAM A muzkelIne ullekha karyo hato. chatAM je Ayurveda vidyAlayo dhAre te temanA mATe A kArya muzkela nathI. manuSyane maLatAM ja nIcalI kakSAnAM prANIo para teno upayoga karI temAM megya pheraphAra karI zakAya che ane Ayurveda vidyAlaya hastaka cAlatAM davAkhAnAomAM jarUra jaNAtAM te vAparI zakAya che. ekAda be prayoga paNa anubhavasiddha thatAM ApaNA dezane atyaMta kImatI thaI paDaze emAM zaMkA nathI. pAzcAtya sAdhane jeTalAM kharcALa che teTalAM ja acokkasa ane kavacita nukasAnakAraka che. saMtatiniyamanane je ISTa gaNavAmAM AvatuM hoya to dezI vanaspationA A saMghA, nirdoSa prago ja upayogI thaI zake. A davAonA zuddha pATha prayogapuraHsara je nakakI karavAmAM Ave che tethI mAtra hindane ja nahIM paNa samasta saMsArane lAbha thavAno saMbhava che.

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AyurvedanuM saMzodhana upasaMhAra chevaTe, AyurvedanA punaruddhAra ane puna:pratiSThA mATe karavAM joItAM karyo paikI nIcenAM keTalAMka khAsa mahattvanAM che - . (1) hindabharanA judA judA prAntamAMthI jUnAmAM jUnI hAthaprato meLavIne AyurvedanA mAnya prAcIna granthanI zAstrIya paddhatio saMzodhita thayelI ane tulanAtmaka TIkA-TippaNIo sAthenI AvRttio. prasiddha karavI. (2) AyurvedIya vijJAna samiti jevI keI saMsthAkArA saMdigdha auSadhio ane bhraSTa pATheno nirNaya karavo. (3) hindabharamAM auSadhinimaNanI ekasarakhI vidhinI sthApanA karavI. sarva prasiddha AyurvedIya zarmasIoe ekatra thaIne amuka davA amuka graMthanA amuka pAThanI banAvavI tathA amuka prakAranAM tenAM rUparaMgasvAdaguNa hovAM joIe, ema nakakI karavuM. davAonA guNadharma tema ja kiMmata viSe jude jude sthaLethI thatA vicitra anubhavone kAraNe Ayurveda uparathI lekonI zraddhA UThatI aTakAvavA mATe A vastu khAsa agatyanI che. (4) chelluM, ane sauthI vadhu mahatvanuM to e che ke AyurvedanAM vividha aMgomAM karmAbhyAsa- risarca'ne vega Apavo. bhAratavarSamAM jyArathI e saMzodhanapravRttino lopa thayo tyArathI ja AyurvedanI avanati zarU thaI. pratyeka Ayurveda vidyAlayamAM "risarca" mATe vidyArthIone bane teTalI saralatA, sagavaDa ane protsAhana maLavA joIe, ane Ayurvedane kevaLa atItane vArasArUpe nahIM, paNa nitya pragatizALI jIvaMta vijJAna tarIke pratiSThita karavo joIe. 51

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itihAsanI keDI AyurvedanI cikitsA paddhati sevI, sastI ane sthira prakAre asara karanArI che. hindanA gAmaDe gAmaDe mAtra Ayurveda ja pahoMcI zake tema che. eTale arvAcIna vijJAnazAstranA prakAzamAM AyurvedanuM viziSTa dRSTithI parizIlana ane saMzodhana thatAM bhAratamAM eka cikitsA paddhati tarIke tenuM sthAna ajoDa thaI paDe e dekhItuM ja che. AyurvedanuM adhaHpatana saikAo pahelAM zarU thayuM hatuM. zaMkhadharanuM laTakamela prahasana" ke jemAM yasya kasya tarormalaM yena kenApi mizritam / yasmai kasmai pradAtavyaM yadvA tadvA bhaviSyati // e loka puSkaLa pracAra pAmyo che, te AkhuM ye tatkAlIna UMTavaidyonA upahAsa khAtara lakhAyuM che. vaicA vatAva upara mAthuM paripUrayanti mane tathApyete vaidyA iti taralayanto jaDajanAnasUnmRtyorbhatyA iva va, duranta anuvAk evA ulalekhe paNa paristhitine ekadezanuM kaMIka sUcana kare che. paNa Aje sthiti badalAI che. AyurvedanA punaddhAra mATe AyurvedanI ane AyurvedamAM rasa lenArAonI vRtti jAgrata thaI che, ane e vRtti pramANenI kAryazIlatA je satata cAlu rahe tathA vaidaM sarvAnava vinita saraLa prasaMganA e eka prAcIna lekhakanI ukti caritArtha karavAne zrama levAya to Ayurveda bhAratamAM potAnuM prathamanuM ati ucca sthAna prApta karI le emAM kaMI Azcarya nathI. ra5ra

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prAcIna bhAratamAM vimAna vyomacArI banavuM, pakSIonI mAphaka AkAzamAM UDavuM e mAnavanI eka sarjanajUnI mahattvAkAMkSA che. AkAzamAM UDatAM pakSIonI IrSyA AdimAnavane avazya AvI haze ane kadAca AthI ja, duniyAnA dareka dezanAM janAmAM janAM vArtAcakromAM ane daMtakathAomAM koI ne koI svarUpamAM pavanapAvaDI, UDatA gheDa ke vAyuvAnanI kalpanAo Ave che. mANasa pote UDavAne azakata, eTale potAnI kalpanAmAMnAM deva--dAnava, yakSa-cAraNa tathA vidyAdhara Adi kAra pAtrone teNe AkAzagAmI ja nahIM, paNa AkAzavAsI banAvyAM. pachI vArtAmAMnAM apratima pratApI ke baLazALI mAnava pAtrone athavA deno kRpAprasAda pAmatI vyaktione lokamAnase UDatA gheDA ke vAyuyAnanI sahAya apAvI. krITana kalAdhara DeDalase vAyuyAna banAvavAne prathama prayatna karyo hato, evo ullekha grIka sAhityamAM maLe che. enI mINanI pAMkhe ogaLI javAthI DeDalasano putra samudramAM DUbI mUo hatA. A kathAnaka kevaLa rUpaka hoya to paNa pakSIonI mAphaka AkAzamAM UDavAnI mAnavajAtinI sarjanajunI AkAMkSA ta ta kare che ja. paraMtu ema mAnavAne kAraNa che ke prAcIna bhAratamAM A viSaya kevaLa kalpanAgamya nahoto rahyo. kharekhara kAryakSama vimAno haze ane leke temAM besIne eka sthaLethI bIje sthaLe jatA haze, ema kahevAnuM sAhasa atyAranI sthitimAM koI ja na kare, paNa ApaNA dezamAM jema sAhityamAM tema zAstramAM e viSaya upara gaMbhIratApUrvaka pa?

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itihAsanI keDI vicAra karavAmAM Avyo hato, e hakIkata che. agiyAramA zatakamAM thaI gayelA bhojanA nAme caDelA zilpagra "samarAMgaNa sUtradhAra ' "yatravidhAna" nAme ekatrIsamA adhyAyanA 95 thI 97 sudhInA traNa zlokamAM vimAna banAvavAnI rItino nirdeza che. emAM lakhyuM che - laghudAsmayaM mahAvihaGgaM dRDhasuzliSTatanuM vidhAya tasya / udare rasayantramAdadhIta jvalanAdhAramadho'sya cAgnipUrNam // tatrArUDha : pUruSastasya pakSadvandvoccAlaprojjhitenAnilena / suptasyAnta : pAradAsyAsya zaktyA citraM kurvannambare yAti dUram // itthameva suramandiratulyaM saJcalatyalaghudAruvimAnam / AdadhIta vidhinA caturo'ntastasya pAradabhRtAn dRDhakumbhAn // A lokono bhAvArtha e che ke-haLavA lAkaDAnuM tathA pakSInA jevI AkRtivALuM vimAna banAvavuM. enI aMdara rasayanTa banAvavuM eTale ke pArAthI bharelA majabUta ghaDAo mUkavA ane e ghaDAonI nIce valanAdhAra eTale ke agnibhaTTI rAkhavI. A pramANe rAkhelA ukaLatA pArAnI zaktithI e vimAnanI pAMkho ekadama hAle che ane temAMthI vAyu pedA thAya che tathA aMdara beThelo puruSa lekane Azcarya pamADato AkAzamAM dUra sudhI jaI zake che. A uparAMta bIjAM saMkhyAbaMdha yaMtranI banAvaTonuM varNana samarAMgaNa sUtradhAra 'nA e ja adhyAyamAM karavAmAM AvyuM che. paNa te sarva A rIte. e badhAMnI vaijJAnika ghaTanA nahi batAvavAnuM kAraNa darzAvatAM lekhaka eka sthaLe jaNAve che- yantrasya ghaTanA noktA guptyarthaM nAzatAvazAt / tatra heturayaM jJeyo vyaktA naite phalapradA : // arthAta nI zAstrIya ghaTanA meM batAvI nathI te mArA ra54

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prAcIna bhAratamAM vimAna ajJAnane kAraNe nahIM, paNa kalAnA viSayamAM guptatA jALavavAnA uddezathI. A badhI guptacIo khullI karI devI e hitaprada nathI. kalAonuM jJAna guru pAsethI ziSya ane pitA pAsethI putra meLave, e ApaNI prAcIna paripATI che. ane tethI ja A badhI bAbato pustakamAM khullI rIte lakhI devAnuM ApaNe A prAcIna yAMtrikane ISTa lAgatuM nathI. Aje paNa ApaNA jUnI paddhatinA kalAdhare pitAnI kalA saMbaMdhamAM evI ja kaMika guptatA jALave che. zilpa, sthApatya, nRtya tathA citra jevI ApaNI prAcIna kalAonA sarve grantha zikSaka athavA ziSyane mAtra mArgadarzaka thAya evI rIte ja lakhAyelA hoya che, jyAre kalAne marma to gune caraNasevanathI ja jANavA maLe che. A uparAMta, "zilpasaMhitA'nA 18mA adhyAyamAM varALathI cAlatA puSpaka vimAnano ullekha che. bhejane nAme caDelA "yuktikalpataru' graMthamAM jaNAveluM che ke prAcIna kALamAM rAjAonA lazkaramAM hyadaLa, gajadaLa, pAyadaLa, ratha ane naukAdaLa uparAMta vimAno paNa hatAM. bIjuM kaMI nahi teye prAcIna kALanI zrutaparaMparAnuM te AmAM avazya sUcana thAya che. A pramANe, ApaNA eka karatAM vadhAre prAcIna vaijJAnika granthamAM vimAnanI banAvaTa viSe ullekha maLe che. "samarAMgaNa sUtradhAra'nA lekamAM jaNAvyuM che te pramANe, bhaddI upara ukaLatA pArAnI zaktithI haLavA lAkaDAnuM banAveluM vimAna AkAzamAM UDI zake ke kema e mAtra tajajJo ja kahI zake. game tema, paNa A ke eTaluM to avazya batAvI Ape che ke vimAnanI ghaTanA saMbaMdhamAM prAcIna kalAdharone eka cokkasa vaijJAnika khyAla AvI gayo hato. e khyAla keTale aMze vyavahAramAM Utaryo hato, e kahevAnA sAdhano ApaNI pAse nathI. prAcIna kALanAM vimAnonAM koI avazeSa zodha 55

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itihAsanI keDI khALane pariNAme maLI Ave te ja e bAbatamAM kaika nizcitapaNe kahI zakAya. paraMtu Aje seMkaDA varSo pachI kASTha prakAranAM avazeSA maLavAneA saMbhava nathI, kAraNa ke AgaLa jaNAvyuM te pramANe, vimAne haLavA lAkaDAnAM banatAM hatAM. bIjI bAju, ' samarAMgaNa sutradhAra 'nA yantravidhAna " nAmanA adhyAyamAM ekasAthe kuDIbaMdha yaMtrAnI anAvaTanuM varNana che, ane te paikInAM ghaNAMka tA vyavahAru upayAganAM paNa che. AthI meTAM vimAneAnI vAta khAjue rAkhIe te paNu, darabArIeAnA vineAda mATe mAtra amuka aMtaramAM ramakaDAnI jema UDI zake evAM nAnakaDAM vimAne! banatAM haze evA nirNaya para ApaNe khuzIthI AvI zakIe. k have, A zAstrIya granthAnA ullekheAnA prakAzamAM prAcIna sAhityamAM maLatA vimAnAnA mukhya mukhya ullekhe| tapAsIe. rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, purANA ane jAtaka kathAomAM saMkhyAadha vimAneAnAM varNana che. vidyAdhara, yakSa ane cAraNa jevI vye macArI tie ApaNA purANakArenI 25nA mujaba vimAnemAM bhramaNa karatI. rAmAyaNa lakhe che ke alakApati mera pAse saMkhyAbaMdha puSpaka vimAnA hatAM. rAvaNe kubera pAsethI puSpaka meLavyuM hatuM, ane tyArathI tenI vijigISA anahada vadhI gai hatI. besanAranI icchA pramANe e vimAna tene lai jatuM. rAvaNane mArIne rAme puSpaka vimAna meLavyuM hatuM ane lakAthI ayeAdhyA sudhIne pravAsa sItA sAthe temAM ja karyAM hatA. puSpanA khyAla vaDe uttejAyelI kAlidAsanI kalpanAe raghuvaMzanA teramA sarvAMmAM e AkAzI pravAsanuM atyadbhuta kavitvapUrNa varNana ApyuM che, ane meghadUtamAM paNa madadUta meghanI rAmiMgathI mAMDI alakA sudhInI musApharI AlekhatAM kAlidAsanA mAnasamAM, ApaNA sAhityamAM Thera Thera verAyelI vAyuyAnanI ghaTanA ramI rahelI hevI joie. 56

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prAcIna bhAratamAM vimAna mahAbhAratanA vanaparvamAM zAlva nAme asuranA saubhanagara nAme vimAnanuM varNana Ave che. tenA mitro jarAsaMdha ane zizupAlane kRSNa mAryA, ethI te kakaLI uThyo hato, ane pRthvIne ayAdavI karavA sArU teNe radrane prasanna karyA hatA. deva, asura ane manuSyathI bhedAya nahIM evA vimAnanI teNe rudra pAse mAgaNI karI hatI, ane ke mayAsuranuM banAveluM saubhanagara nAme vimAna tene ApyuM hatuM. A vimAnamAM besIne zAlve dvArikA upara humalo karyo hato, paraMtu yuddhamAM kRSNanI gadAthI tenA vimAnanA cUrA thaI gayA tathA te pite paNa maraNa pAmyo. - bauddha jAtaka kathAomAM paNa vAyuyAnanA aneka ullekho che. sauthI mahattvano ullekha "suttanipAta"nA "pArAyaNavaSNa"nI pAlI TIkAne che. e TIkAne samaya cothI athavA pAMcamI sadIthI te arvAcIna nathI ja, ane enI pAchaLanI mRtaparaMparA to te karatAM keTalIye jUnI haze. emAM vimAnanuM lagabhaga vAstavadarzI kahI zakAya evuM varNana maLe che. kathAnaka evuM che ke-banArasamAM sutAranA eka mahAjane vimAna banAvavAnuM zaru karyuM. vimAno mATe udubara eTale ke uMbarAnA jhADanuM haLavuM lAkaDuM vaparAtuM. vimAna lAkaDAnA paMkhI jevuM dekhAtuM ane garuDanI jema jesabhera UDatuM. gati pedA karavA mATe enI aMdara yaMtra rAkhavAmAM AvatuMH pUratI saMkhyAmAM yaMtre taiyAra thaI gayA bAda keTalAka sutArone banArasanuM rAjya jItI levAnI IcchA thaI, paNa mahAjananA netAe tema karavA devAnI nA pADI, eTale badhuM havAI daLa UDIne himAlayamAM gayuM, ane tyAM navuM rAjya sthApyuM. lAkaDAnAM vimAno vaDe A musApharI karavAmAM AvI hatI, tethI A navA rAjyanuM nAma "kAivAhana rAkhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM tathA tenI rAjyadhAnI "kAchavAhananagara'mAM hatI. saMbhava che ke A kathAnakamAMnuM "kAivAhananagara' te ja hAlanuM nepALanuM pATanagara kAThamaMDu" hoya. vaLI ApaNane e paNa jANavA maLe che ke banAsa 257

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itihAsanI keDI ane A navA rAjya vacce sAro vepAra cAlato hato. A kathAnakamAM vimAnonuM uDDayana, UDatAM pahelAM levAto cakrAvo, yaMne avAja, musApharI e badhAMnuM dUbahU varNana kareluM che. e varNana "samarAMgaNa sUtradhAra'mAM ApelA varNana sAthe barAbara baMdhabesatuM Ave che, e sucaka che. A uparAMta, "vimAnavatyu"mAM, "dIghanikAya'nA "payAsIsutta'mAM tathA mijAtaka'mAM vimAnanA ullekha maLe che. "valAhassa jAtaka"mAM uDatA ghoDAnuM varNana che. uttara hindanA pAMcaso vepArIo vahANa DUbI javAthI dakSiNa hindanA eka verAna kinArA upara keda thaI gayA hatA; teo sarve A camatkArika ghoDAnI aMdara besIne pitAne deza AvyA hatA. erebiyana nAIsamAM maLatA eka ullekha A sAthe sarakhAvI jotAM mahatvano che. khalIpha hArUna ala razIda pAse eka hindI vepArI lAkaDAne UDato ghoDo laIne vecavA Ave che. A vArtA eTaluM batAvI Ape che ke hindustAnamAM vAyuyAnanAM yaMtro banatAM, evI mAnyatA paradezomAM paNa pracalita hatI. pahelA saikAmAM guNA nAme kavie paizAcI bhASAmAM "bakathA nAme eka mahAkAya vArtAgrantha lakhyo hato. e grantha te nAza pAmI gayelo che, paNa te uparathI agiyAramA saikAmAM kAzmIrI paMDita semadevabhaTTa "kathAsaritsAgara' nAmathI saMskRtamAM karelo saMkSepa ApaNI pAse mojUda che. "kathAsaritsAgara'nA ratnaprabhA laMbakanA AThamA tathA navamA taraMgamAM vatsarAjano putra naravAhanadatta kapUrasaMbhava nagaranI IrikA nAme rAjakanyA sAthe kevI rIte lagna kare che, tenI vArtA ApelI che- karikAne meLavavA mATe naravAhanadatta potAnA mitra gomukhane sAthe laI nIkaLe. ghaNI muzkelI e lAMbo mArga pasAra karI banne jaNa samudranA kinAre AvelA suvarNapura nAme nagaramAM pahoMcyA. te nagaramAM 258

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prAcIna bhAratamAM vimAna kaI mANasa jaNAtuM nahotuM. mAtra kASThayatranAM pUtaLAM mANasanA jevI ceSTAo karatAM hatAM, paNa koIne vAcA nahotI. ema karatAM rAjamahela AgaLa pahoMcyA, tyAM kASThanI pratihArIvaDe rakSAyelA bhavanamAM ratnasiMhAsana upara beThelA eka bhavya pusvane temaNe joyo. e purUne naravAhanadatte pUchatAM teNe jaNAvyuM ke--"huM jAte sutAra chuM. mAruM nAma rAjyadhara che. huM tathA mAro bhAI prANadhara pahelAM kAMcInagaramAM rahetA hatA. ame banne yatnakalAmAM pravINa chIe. mArA bhAI vezyAgAmI hatA, AthI dhana meLavavA mATe teNe lAkaDAnA be uDatA yAMtrika haMse banAvyA hatA. e haMsa pAse te rAtre rAjAnA khajAnAmAMthI javAharanI corI karAvatA. eka vAra rakSakae haMsane pakaDI lIdhA, ane yaMtrakAma toDI nAkhI rAjA pAse laI gayA. zaheramAM kuzaLa yAMtrika tarIke ame be bhAIo prasiddha hatA. AthI mAro bhAI prANadhara eka sAthe Aso yojana ghaDanArA cAMtrika vimAnamAM besI potAnA kuTuMba sAthe nAsI gayo, ane huM paNa rAjAnA bhayathI mArA vimAnamAM besI ahIM cAra gAu dUra AvI samudra najadIka hovAne kAraNe nIce utarI gayo. A nagaramAM praveza karatAM nagara zunya joyuM. AthI mArI kArIgarIthI yAMtrika manuSyo ghaDIne rAjAnI rIte rahuM chuM." A sAMbhaLIne gomukhe rAjyadharane eka yaMtravimAna taiyAra karavAnuM kahyuM, ane temAM besIne bane mitro dariyo oLaMgI kapUrasaMbhava nagaramAM AvyA. eka vRddha strIne tyAM utAro karyo. e strInI putrI pUrikAnI sakhI hatI. have, kayUrikA pUrvajanmanI smRtine kAraNe purudraSiNI hatI, paNa tenI A sakhInI sahAyathI naravAhanadatta e dezane dUra karAvI dIdhe, ane bannenAM lagna thayAM. have, pelA yAMtrika rAjyadharane bhAI prANadhara je pitAnA vimAnamAM besI kAMcI nagarIthI nAsI chUTakyo hato, te pUrasaMbhavamAM 259

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itihAsanI keDI AvIne vasyA hatA. karikAnI AjJAthI prANadhare eka moTuM vimAna ghaDI ApyuM, ane temAM besI naravAhanadatta karkharikAne sAthe laI potAnI rAjyadhAnI kauzAMbI pAcho Avyo. A vArtAmAM UDatA haMsa, vimAne ane te banAvanAra yAMtrika viSe je mahatvanAM sUcana che te khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. Ane kaMIka maLatI lAkaDAnAM UDatAM pArevAMnI vArtA pAMcamA athavA chaThThA saikAmAM mahArASTrI prAkRtamAM racAyelA jaina kathAgrantha "vasudevahiMDI'mAM maLe che. "kathAsaritsAgara'vALI vArtAnAM ja pratirUpo thoDAghaNA pheraphAra sAthe jUnI gujarAtImAM saM. 160pamAM racAyelI matisArakRta kapUramaMjarInI vArtAmAM tathA zAmaLanI "kAInA ghoDAnI vArtA "mAM najare paDe che. A to ApaNe mukAbale prAcIna ane mahattvanA evA ullekho joyA. bAkI saMskRta, prAkRta ane dezI bhASAonA vArtAsAhityamAM UDatA ghoDA ke pavanapAvaDInI kalpanAo asaMkhya sthaLe najare paDaze. prAcIna Aryoe mAtra adhyAtmavidyAnA kSetramAM ja pragati karI hatI, ema sAmAnya rIte manAya che; paraMtu bhAratIya sAhityanuM jarA jhINI najare avalokana karatAM jaNAze ke vijJAnanAM anekavidha kSetramAM paNa prAcIna hinduoe sAruM kAma karyuM hatuM. aMkagaNita, bhUmiti ane trikoNamitimAM prAcIna bhAratavAsIonI pravINatA jANItI che. kalanavidyA eTale ke Calculus ane calanakalanavidyA eTale ke Differential Calculusno khagoLazAstramAM upayoga karavAmAM bhAskarAcAryanI zodha nyUTana karatAM lagabhaga pAMcaso varSa jeTalI prAcIna hatI; tathA hindu khagoLavettAonI zreSThatA aneka dezomAM svIkArAtI hatI. gatimAna padArthonI gatinuM kAraNa gurutvAkarSaNa che, ema AryabhaTTa ane bhAskarAcAryanA grantho jaNAve che. nAdazAstra eTale ke accoustics viSenuM prAcInanuM asAdhAraNa jJAna saMgItazAstranA grantha uparathI

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prAcIna bhAratamAM vimAna puravAra thaI cUkayuM che. svazAstra, vyutpatti ane bhASAzAstra viSe te duniyAbharamAM prathama chatAM zAstrazuddha carcA karanAra hinduo hatA, ema prAtizAkhyo, nirukta ane pANininI aSTAdhyAyI jaNAve che. bhautika vijJAna, rasAyaNa, auSadhavidyA, zastrakriyA, vanaspatizAstra ane prANIzAstranA viSayamAM paNa AryonI zodhakhoLa AdhArabhUta hatI. je prajAe vijJAnanAM ATalAM vividha kSetramAM gaNanApAtra kArya karyuM hatuM, te ya-vidhAna eTale ke Engineering nA viSayamAM kevaLa ajJAna hatI, ema na ja manAya. "samarAMgaNa sUtradhAra' mAM ApelA kuDIbaMdha yaMtronA varNana pAchaLa sadIonI paraMparAnuM astitva hovuM ja joIe. e granthamAMnA vimAnanA varNana sAthe pelI bauddha TIkAmAMnA varNananuM sAmya kevaLa Akasmika na hoI zake. AthI purANa ane kathAgranthamAMnI kalpanAjanya atizayoktinA TakA bAda karIne paNa meM AgaLa jaNAvyuM che tema samAjanA upalA varganA AnaMdavinoda mATe mAtra amuka aMtaramAM UDI zake evAM nAnakaDAM vimAna banatAM haze, ema mAnIe to te vadhAre paDatuM nathI. paraMtu hindano vijJAnadIpa amuka saikAo jhabakIne Aje jhAMkhe paDI gayo lAge che. bhUtakALanI e mahattA vartamAnamAM ApaNI prajAnI vijJAna paratvenI lAghavagrathi dUra karavAmAM sahAyabhUta thAya tathA bhaviSyane mATe kaMIka preraNA Ape to ghaNuM che.

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kutrikApaNa arthAta prAcIna bhAratanA janarala sTorsa jaina Agama sAhityano eka vibhAga chedo' nAmathI oLakhAya che, prAcIna bhAratanI sAmAjika sthitino abhyAsa mATe chedasutro khUba agatyanAM che. jaina sAdhusaMdhanI vyavasthA ane niyamana tathA sAdhu-sAdhvIe pALavAnA vidhiniSedhe e mukhyatve karIne chedasutrone viSaya che. Ama che sutrono viSaya ja evo che ke temAM tatkAlIna rAjakIya ane sAmAjika ItihAsane lagatI ghaNI agatyanI hakIkato, prAcIna bhAratanA je pradezomAM jaina sAdhuo vicaratA hatA te pradezanAM varNano, samakAlIna sAmAjika ane rAjakIya saMsthAo, vidhio, utsavo, rUDhio, rItarivAjo ane vahemonA sIdhA athavA ADakatarA ullekho, jaina AcAryonAM ane jaina dharma sAthe saMparkamAM AvelA rAjAo ane maMtrIonAM vRttAnta, aitihAsika ane ardhaetihAsika kathAnako tathA evI ja bIjI aneka prakAranI prakIrNa mAhitI temAMthI prApta thAya che, je purAtattva, itihAsa tema ja samAjazAstranA abhyAsIne mATe ghaNI ja agatyanI che. upara jaNAvyuM tema, jaina sAdhu-sAdhvIonA AcAraviSayaka vidhiniSedha ane tene lagatAM prAyazcitto e chedasUtrono viSaya hovAne kAraNe e grantha prasiddha nahIM karavAnuM sAmAnya valaNa jainasamAjamAM lagabhaga atyAra sudhI raheluM che. 26ra

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kutrikApaNa dazA, kalpa ane vyavahAra e traNa sUno kevaLa mUla bhAga jarmana vidvAna DaoN. brige saMpAdita karela che, paraMtu jaina samAjanI pracalita rUDhinI bahAra nIkaLIne, mULa graMthonA prakAzana dvArA dharma prAcIna sAhitya ane ItihAsanA kharA svarUpane rajU karavAnA uddezathI munizrI puNyavijyajI tathA temanA guru munizrI caturavijayujIe eka chedasUtragrantha "bRhakalpasUtra'nuM bhASya ane TIkA sahita zAstrIya saMpAdana karIne prasiddha karela che tathA bIjA keTalAkanuM saMpAdanakArya hAlamAM temanA taraphathI cAlI rahyuM che. "jatakalpasUtra'nuM saMpAdana paNa temaNe kareluM che. keTalAMka varSa upara muni mANeke " vyavahArasUtra' bahAra pADeluM che, paNa tenA saMpAdana ane mudraNamAM rahelI besumAra azuddhione kAraNe tenuM paNa punaHsaMpAdana thavAnI jarUra che. nizIthasUtra" mAtra khAnagI phelAvA mATe sAikala sTAilamAM chApavAmAM AveluM che. mahAnizIthasUtra' hAlamAM zrIjinavijayajInA saMpAdana nIcenI sidhI granthamALAmAM chapAya che. Ama AgamasAhityanA bIjA lagabhaga badhA ja grantha A pahelAM eka karatAM vadhu vAra prakAzita thaI gayA che, tyAre chedatrAnuM prakAzana hajI hamaNAM ja AraMbhAyuM che ema kahIe to cAle. uparyukta grantho paikI baDakapasUtra" upara vAcaka saMghadAsagaNinuM prAkRta bhASya tathA AcArya kSemakIrtinI saMskRta TIkA maLe che. e bhASya ane TIkAmAM (juo vibhAga 4, patra 1144-46) kutriApaNa viSe vistRta ullekha che. guNADhacanI suprasiddha "bRhatkathA'nI zailIe saMgharAsagaNie racela prAkRta kathAgrantha "vasudeva-hiMDIne ullekha jinabhadrANi kSamAzamaNe pitAnA vizeSaNavatI' nAmanA granthamAM karyo che. jinabhaNi kSamAzramaNano samaya paTTAvalIo pramANe vikramanI sAtamI zatAbdIno che, eTale saMghadAsagaNi sAtamI zatAbdI pUrve thaI gayA hatA e nizcita che. ghaNuM karIne temano 263

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itihAsanI keDI samaya vikramanI pAMcamI athavA chaThThI zatAbdIno che. AthI temanA bhASyamAM kRtriAvaLanA je ullekha che te ghaNA ja mahatvanA gaNAvI joIe. kurivApaNa e prAcIna bhAratanA evA "janarala sTorsa' hatA, jemAM jIvananI tamAma jarUriyAto tema ja zekhanI vastuo tathA AkhAye jagatanI tamAma sajIva-nirjIva vastuo maLatI. TIkAmAM e zabdanuM nirvacana A pramANe ApavAmAM AvyuM cheH "" rUti pRthivyAH saMjJA, tasyA : trikaM trikaM svarga-martya-pAtAlalakSaNaM tasyApaNa : du: kutriIT :. mui mata ? rUsvAda "tatra" pRthivItra catuM kimapi cetanamacetanaM vA dravyaM sarvasyApi lokasya graha gopabhogakSanaM vidyate tata "tatra' vAva ne nAsti, * * arthAt tribhuvananI tamAma cIjo je dukAnamAM maLe tenuM nAma trivALa. "kutrikApaNa" zabdanI samajUtI tathA tenA saMkSipta ullekho bIjA paNa aneka Agamagra jevAM ke jJAtAdharmakathA, bhagavatIsUtra, sthAnAMga, aupapAtika vageremAM maLe che. "bakalpasUtra'nA bhASya ane TIkAmAM evA paNa ullekha che ke "kutrikApaNa" mAM vastunI kiMmata te kharIdanAranA sAmAjika darajajA pramANe levAmAM AvatI. je mANasa dIkSA levAno hoya te pitAnAM jarUrI upakaraNa, pite sAmAnya mANasa hoya to kRtrikApaNamAMthI pAMca rUpiyAnI kiMmate kharIdI zakato, je te Ibhya (lakSAdhipati) athavA sArthavAha hoya to tene eka hajAra rUpiyA ApavA paDatA ane je te rAjA hoya to tene eka lAkha rUpiyA ApavA paDatA. AvA "kutrikApaNa" kayI jagyAoe hatA tenI paNa noMdha maLe che. rAjagRhamAM rAjA zreNika rAjya karatA hatA tyAre eka kutrikA paNa hatA ane mahAparAkramI rAjA caMDa pradyotanA rAjyakALa daramyAna

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kutrikA paNa ujjayinImAM nava kutrikA paNa hatA. rAjagRhanA dhanika zreNIputra zAlibhadra dIkSA letI vakhate potAnuM haraNa ane pAtra kutrikA paNamAMthI dareka mATe eka lAkha rUpiyA ApIne kharIdyAM hatAM. mahAvIrasvAmInA jamAI rAjakumAra jamAlIe dIkSA lIdhI te samaye tene mATe pAtra ane rajoharaNa e be vastuo kutrikApaNamAMthI be lAkha rUpiyA ApIne kharIdavAmAM AvI hatI. (bhagavatIsUtra, zataka 9, uddezaka 37 ) kutrikApaNanI sAthe keTalAka lokavArtAo paNa vaNAI gayelI che. kahe che ke bharUcanA eka vANiyAe ujayinInA kutrikApaNamAMthI eka bhUta kharIdyo hato. paNa bhUtane to badhe ja vakhata kaMIka kAma joItuM hatuM. AthI vANiyAe te bhUtane eka thAMbhalA upara caDhavAUtaravAnuM kAma soMpyuM ane bhUta hArI gayo. potAnA parAjayanA smaraNamAM bhUte bharUcanI uttara dizAmAM "bhUtataDAga' nAme taLAva bAMdhyuM hatuM. e ja pramANe tasalinagaranA eka vaNike ujjayinInA kutrikApaNamAMthI RSipAla nAme eka vyaMtara kharIdyo hato. teNe paNa vyaMtarane evI ja rIte parAjaya karyo hato, ane tenI yAdamAM baMtare "RSitaDAga" nAme taLAva bAMdhyuM hatuM. A prakAranI lokaprasiddha vArtAo kutrikApaNanA vRttAna sAthe vaNAI gaI che, e vastu ja batAve che ke kutrikA paNa jyAre kevaLa bhUtakALanI vastu banI gayo hato tyAre paNa lokamAnase tenI smRti kevI rIte saMgharI rAkhI hatI. kutrikApaNano vRttAnta jaina paraMparAe je rIte bUkalpasUtramAM 1. Aje paNa gujarAtanA jaina vaNiko potAnA navA varSanA copaDA "dhannA-zAlibhadranI Rddhi ha'e zabdothI zaru kare che. dhanya ane zAlibhadra ane rAjagRhanA atyaMta dhanika zeThiyAo hatA ane bhagavAna mahAvIra ane rAjA zreNikanA samakAlIna hatA.

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itihAsanI keDI sAcavI rAkhyA che tathA e vRttAntanuM samarthana karatA je ullekhA bIjA saMkhyAbaMdha AgamagranthAmAM maLe che te jotAM AvA meTA pAyA paranA ' janarala sTArsa 'rAgRha ane ujjayanI jevAM prAcIna bhAratanAM rAjakIya, vyApArI ane sAMskRtika kendromAM kharekhara astitvamAM haze ema mAnavu ezaka nyAyya che. * 31 Disembara 1943 ane 1-2 nyuArI 1944nA divaseAmAM banArasa khAte bharAyelI akhila bhArata prAcyavidyA pariSadanA prAkRta ane jaina dharmanA vibhAga samakSa A note on the Kutrikapana nAmanA nibaMdha ne vAMcyA hatA, tene AdhAre A lekha taiyAra karele che. gUjarAta varnAkayulara sosAyaTInA ucca abhyAsa ane saMzAdhana vibhAga taraphathI jaina AgamasAhityamAMthI aitihAsika-sAmAjika agatyanI mAhitInuM sakalana karavAnu` kA` mane seAMpavAmAM Avelu' che te nimitte A prakAranu kAma zakya banyuM che, e hakIktanI huM sAbhAra noMdha lauM chuM. 266

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samayanirdeza 1 pATaNa.........................prajAbaMdhu-gUjarAta samAcAra, dIpotsavI aMka, saM. 2000. 2 pATaNanA granthabhaMDAro.........kumAra, eprila 1941 (A ja viSayano vArtAlApa, ghaTatA pheraphAra sAthe, tA. 4-9-1 nI sAMje muMbaI reDiyo sTezanethI breDakAsTa thayo hato). 3 hemacandrAcAryanuM ziSyamaMDaLa..masArasvatasatra (pATaNa, eprila 1939)mAM vaMcAyele nibaMdha. 4 gUjarAtamAM saMskRta nATaka......gUjarAta sAhityasabhAnA Azraye tA. 1-ra-rane roja ApeluM vyAkhyAna. pa prabandhacintAmaNi..............buddhiprakAza, eprila-jUna 1975. 6 devamaMdiromAM bhogAsanonAM zilpa...phArbasa gUjarAtI sabhA mahatsava grantha (mArca 1940). cha kAmadevanI mUcha..................gUjarAta koleja maeNgejhina, phebru ArI 1940. 8 gUjarAtanAM sthaLanAma..........gujarAta saMzodhana maMDaLanuM trimAsika, eprila 1942.

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itihAsanI keDI 9 prAcIna gUjarAtI sAhitya "gUjarAta'nA ullekha..............gUjarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTInA ucca abhyAsa ane saMzodhana vibhAganA seminAra mATe taiyAra karelo nibaMdha, julAI 194ra. (mudrita : bhAratIya vidyA, bhAga 3, siMdhI smRti aMka ) 10 ApaNuM lokavArtAviSayaka prAcIna sAhitya.........................11mAM sAhitya saMmelana (lAThI, DiseMbara 1933)mAM svIkArAyela nibaMdha. 11 narasiMha pUrvanuM gUjarAtI sAhitya..13mAM sAhitya saMmelana (karAMcI, Disembara 1977)mAM svIkArAyela nibaMdha.. 12 AyurvedanuM saMzodhana...... prajAbaMdhunA tA. 12-1-36thI tA. 16-2-36 sudhInA aMkamAM eka AyurvedapremI nA takha lusathI lakhelA lekhe. 13 prAcIna bhAratamAM vimAna........navacetana, okaTobara 194ra. 14 kutrivaIT arthAta prAcIna bhAratanA janarala sTorsa'........navasarASTra, dIpotsavI aMka, saM. 2000. 268

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sUci [ " gujarAtanAM sthaLanAma" e lekhamAM udAharaNa tarIke ApelAM sthaLanAmone samAveza A sUcimAM karyo nathI.' akabara-birabala ha5 "abhidhAnacintAmaNi" 26, 43 akSarameLa vRtto 216, 217 abhinava siddharAja pa6 akhA 151 amadAvAda 2, 3, 8, 12, 65, 107 agaracaMda nAhaTA 140 -myunisipAliTI 88 agiyAramuM sAhitya saMmelana 74, amaracaMda 170 amaracaMdra 7 acalezvara 88 amAri ghoSaNA 5, 26, 143 ajayapAla 6, 39, 40, 49 amRtakacelAM 209 ajayapAla (vaNika) 60 amRtabajhAra patrikA" 191 ajItacaMda 170 amRtalAla mehanalAla bhojaka 149 ajaMtAnI citrakalA 96, 108, 112 182 aNahila bharavADa 3 arisiMha 7, 13. 71 aNahilavADa 5, 20, 81, 134, "arebiyana nAiTsa" 156, 258 150, 210 arjunavarmadeva pa6 aNahilezvaraniketana 10 arAja 45, 26, 57 aticAra" 210 "arthazAstra" 27 anubhUti svarUpAcArya 215 alaphakhAna 7, 147, 198 anekArtha karavAkara kaumudI' 43 alabirunI 134, 150 anekAntapraveza" 21 alAuddIna khilajI 78145, 198 anekA saMgraha 26, 43 alekajhAnDara phorbsa 20, hara anaMgaraMga" 244, 24pa altamaza 62 abhayakumAra 61 azAka 240 abhayadevasUri 6 ahamadazAha 8, 151 abhayama 170 aMcalagaccha 143 269

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itihAsanI keDI aMbadevasUri 140, 198 utsAha para aMbAlAla jAnI 190 udayacandra ra7, 46, 47 udaya 13 AzcaryamaMjarI" 68 udayaprabhasUri 11, 12, 17, 72, 137 "AnaMdakAvyamahodadhi " 218 udayabhANa 164, 169, 170 AnaMdazaMkara dhruva 190 udayamatI 9 AbAjI viSNu kAthavaTe 20 Abu 11, 59 udyamakarma saMvAda 164 Abu' 91 AburAsa" 15, 166, 138, 150 upadezacintAmaNi' 143 upadezataraMgiNa' 35, 86 AbhaDa 40 upadezamAlA* 200, 211 Ama rAjA 119 'upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA " pa0 Ameda 171 upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA sAroddhAra" ArAdhanA' 200 47 ArAdhanA patAkA' 211 umAzaMkara joSI 146 ArAmazobhA epAi 182 'ullAgharAghava nATaka "62 ArAmazobhA rAsa' 182 'uvasamAlakahANapaca" 200 Ara. zAmazAstrI 102 uSAharaNa' 176, 20, 2013 Ara. sI. majamudAra 191 AryabhaTTa 260 *da 277 Azuka 13 RSabhasAgara 177 AzumRtakaparIkSA 237 eDavarDa sacAu 134 AsAta 165, 200, 25 eNnAlsa opha rAjasthAna" 20 AMbaDa 13, 48 erisToTala 239 IcchArAma desAI 187, 189 elekajhAkiyA 23 iTAliyana bhASA 24 elerA 88 IDara 65 aitihAsika jaina kAvyasaMgraha 141 IzvaradAsa nAgara 9 oktika 215 "uktiyakam "216 " papAtika sUtra" 264 ujajacinI 1, 265, 266 okeTa 244

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sUci auraMgajheba 9 kaMkAvaTI " 183 kakasUri 198 kaMTezvarIprAsAda 10 'kulI rAsa" 198 "kAbaMdhI copAI' 200 kaDa che" 191 kAdaMbarI " 9, 189 kathAsaritasAgara' 156, 157, 167, kAtivijayajI pravartaka 21, 22 258, 260 kanavijaya 184 155, 165, 174, 15, 206;ne kanoja 1, 134, 139 zAstrasaMgraha 270 karuNAvAyudha" 61, 67 kAnhaDade prabaMdha ' 86, 132, 145 kaNuM meruprAsAda" 10 146, 150, 151, 188, 200, 22 karNa vAghelA 3, 64, 215 kAmalatA 82, 86 'karNasundarI' 50, 1, pa6, 69, 70 ' kAmazAstra' ra4pa karNa selaMkI 4, 6, 10, 11, 82, 83 "kAmasUtra" 110, 13, 245-na "katicidurgApadavyAkhyA' 46 jayamaMgalA TIkA 133 kanakaprabha 47 kAmAvatInI vAto ... 164, 16pa kanaiyAlAla munazI 9, 15, 48, 24, 166, 169, 170 190, 192, 192 kAlidAsa 53, 106, 2pa6 kandarpa cUDAmaNi" 244 'kAvyAnuzAsana" 26 kapardI 13, 80 kAzI kapa karnala jemsa TeDa 11, 20 'kASThanA ghoDAnI vArtA" 260 karnala bAyarDa 230 kAhavAhananagara 257 karnala buma 230 kakhUramaMjarInI vArtA" 185, 260 kAsada gaccha 158 dilherna 22, 43, 73 karma zuM 172 karati 182 kalApI kaMpa kIrtikaumudI" 0, 62, 72, 85 kalyANa 51 kalyANarAya jevI 88 kattivardhana" 174 "kavikaTAramalla' 34, 35 kucimAra ra43 kavita bhAgavata 204, 217 kumAra tatra' 244, 248, 258 "kavIzvara dalapatarAma hastalikhita kumArapAla 2, 5, 6, 10, 12, 16 pustakasaMgrahanI sUci' 188, 189 20, 25, 28, 35, 30, 40, 43

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ItihAsanI keDI 44, 45, 46, 48,56, 57, 58, koNArkanuM sUrya mandira 88, 89, 90 64, 83, 84, 143, 192, 19pa konTanTanopala 1 kumArapAlacarita " 28, 4, 85 kauTilya ra37 kumArapAlapratibodha 6, 26, 5, "kaumudI 190 78, 85, 195 kaumudImitrANaMda" 29, 31, 32, 'kumArapAlaprabandha" 21, 40, 48, 34, 36, 37, 54, papa kSetraprakAza rAsa ra05 'kumArapAlarAsa" 143 kSemakIrti AcArya ra63 kumAravihAra 10, 44, 45, 59, 80 kSemarAja 83 "kumAravihAraprazasti kAvya" 44, maMkara 158, 159 103. khajUrAho 88, 94 kumAravihArazataka' 10, 29 khabaradAra 146 kumArasvAmI 90 kharatara ga7 141 kumudacandra 5, 12, 85 kharparakhAna 63 kula 83 khaMbhAta 12, 18, 64, 84 kulamaMDana 143, 215 khAna ajhIjha kekA 10 kuvalayamAlA' 154, 193 khAnasarovara 10 kuzalakIrti 141 kheMgAra 76, 77 kuzalalAbha 171, 176, 210 phUrasiha 214 gaNanAtha sena sarasvatI 234, 236 "keTalogasa keTalogoram " 244 kepTana che. zrInivAmUrti 232 gaNapatarAma rAjArAma 213 gaNapati 171 kezavadAsa kAyaratha 65 gaNapati vyAsa 7, 13 kezavarAma zAstrI 191, 200, 219 " gaNitasAra "214, 220 kezavalAla dhruva 144, 172, 184, "garga saMhitA" 133 192, 199, 207, 208, 210 gaMgAdAsa 6pa kesara 173 gaMgAdAsapratApavilAsa" 65, 7" kakazAstra" 184 gaMgAdhara 65 kazAstra catupadI" 185 gAyakavADjha orIenTala sirIjha 27 caraba 89 42, 43,45,47, 195, 197, 206 272

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gAyakavADa paurvAtya graMthamAlA 21 gAyakavADa prArcamAlA 171 gAMgila 13 giridurga 34 girinagara 2 gItA'100 guNacake, 27, 29,39, 41, 42, 43, 53 'guNasundarI ' 183 guNADhaca 157, 258, 263 guNe, haiM. 195 guptakALanA itihAsa 30 gumaDA masjida 10 ' gula'kAvalI ' 185 gulAmanA 62 . gUjarAta zALApatra ' 188 ci * gujarAtI ' 62, 190, 203, 209 gUjarAtI citraklA 19, 112 gUjarAtI presa 190 . gUjarAtI bhASAnA itihAsa 188 gAnadIya 243 ge!vanarAma 190 gAvanAmAM chAMgANI 233, 241 govindradAsa 191 graharipu 4 grAmya mAtA ' pa grIka saMskRti 1 gheTakamukha 243 gherI isarpha 63 'calA'82 cakrapANi 234 catura 173 caturavijayajI muni 23, 263 'candrakumAranI vArtA ' 185 candragaccha 47 candragupta 54 * candralekhAvijayaprakaraNa ' 45, 46, 56, 57, 70 'candrahAsAkhyAna' 184 caraka 228, 232, 234, 276, 242 carasahitA ' 228 * gUjarAtI svarazAstra 222 ' gUrjara rAsAvali'201,205,206 gUjarA 114 gekulanAthajIne vivAha 11 gaNikAputra 243 ' gopAlakalicandrikA 66 . ' geArAkhAdala (padminI) cApAi ' 184 cAmuMDa 10 6 * carikA '205 caDapradyota 264 DazAM 13 caMdananAnu` mandira 10 caMdanamalayAgiri' 172, 173 ( cAludAra, preA. 245 cAciNezvaranuM mandira 10 cArAyaNa 243 cAritryasundaragaNi 82, 83, 86 cAvaDA 3,81, 82; nI va'zAvaLI 76 273

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itihAsanI keDI cAMpAnera 65 jayaMtavijayajI muni 91 citrasUtra" 96 jayaMtasiMha 6, 64, 137 * citrasena padmAvatI' 185 jahaNAdevI pa6 cimanalAla dalAla 21, 147, 148, jazavijayajI muni 22, 15ra, 17ra 154, 184, 210 "jaMbusvAmacaritra "203 cigati copAI" 206 jaMbusvAmIpaMcabhavacaritra" 149 cIDa 46, 57 jaMbusvAmIphAga " 203 cunIlAla zAha 9 jAtakakathAo 257 cetanya 181 jAlora 60, 67 caityavAsI sAdhu 5, 85 jAsUsI paddhati 63 cesara 189 jAMba 97 caulukya vaMza 3 jinakuzalasUri 141 chaThThI sAhitya pariSad 187 jinakuzalasUripaTTAbhiSekarAsa" 140 chatrapatisAmrAjyama" 66 150 dezanuzAsana" ra6 jinapadmasuri ra03, 204 * chAndIpaniSad " 243 jinaprabhasUri 142 chedasUtro 26, 263 jinaprabhAcArya 154 " jagajIvana dayALajI modI 168 jinaprabhumaharAjavijAti" 20 jagaDu 206 jinabhadra 17, 138 jagatamandira 62 jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa 263 jagadeva paramAra 76 jinamaMDanagaNi 40, 48, 86 jagannAtha 66;-purI 88, 94, 5 jinavijayajI AcArya 19, 31, jamAlI 265 73, 86, 147, 142, 202, 211, jayapura 131 ra12, 263 jayazekharasUri 143, 27, 213, jinasAgarasUri 211 ra17, 219 jinastavaSeDazikA"37 jayazaMkara sundarI 68 jinastotra 37 jayasihasUri 28, 40, 62, 63 jinaharSa 86, 173, 177, 182 jayAnaMdasUri 205 jinolyasUri 202 274

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jItakalpasUtra" 263 jayeSThImalla jJAti 89 jIvAnaMda vidyAsAgara 158, 167 jyorja bulhara 20, 73, 188 jI. sI. enDarsana 226 TI. gaNapatizAstrI 98 jUnAgaDha 136 TI. gopInAtharAva 109 jesalamera 18, 225 -ne mRhad karI sI TarI 224 47;-bhaMDAra 42, 4, pa, 70, TonI haka 193, 214 jesalamera bhaMDAranI sUci' 42, 45 DabhoI 158 jaina anekArthagranthasaMgraha' 14 DAmara 75 jaina Agamagra 6, 17 Do. paMDyA abhyAsagraha 11 jaina Agama sAhitya 22, 2 "helA mAru" 185 "jaina kumArasaMbhava" 143 jaina gUrjara kavio" 149, 158, 9 DhAkA myujhiyama 190 160, 165, 169, 170, 173, takSazilA 1 174, 177, 182, 186, 200, "tattvasaMgraha" 21 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, tanasukharAma tripAThI 190, 185 222 taruNaprabhasUri 211 jaina granthAvali' 45 taraMgavatI" 154, 156 jaina citrakalpadrama" 129 tavArIkhe pharistA" 151 jaina yuga" 157, 179, 180, tAraMgA 189 181, 198 "tIrthakalpa86 jaina zrata 16 "tUtInA meha 180 jaina zvetAMbara kenpharansa heralDa" tejapAla 141 203 tailapa 76, 82 jaina sAhityane saMkSipta itihAsa" tosalinagara 265 19, 200, 211, 212 tripuSaprAsAda 10, 60 "jana sAhitya saMzodhaka" 33, 62, "tribhuvanadIpakaprabandha 143, 144, 147, 148 149, 2017 jJAtAdharmakathA" 264 tribhuvanapAla 64, 83 jJAnAcArya 111, 17pa, ra09 trimUrtiprAsAda 10 27pa

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itihAsanI keDI 'trivikramarAsa' 202 devaprabhagaNi 143 trivendrama saMrakRta sirIjha 98 devamUrti 158 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra" 26, devagaNi kSamAzramaNa 16 devala 82 trIkamadAsanAM kAvya" 190 devavimalagaNi9 devazIla 168 tharAda 59, 188 devasundarasUri 206 thAna 90 devIkavita' 204 itta: 243 devIcandragupta' 30, 54 dayAsihaNa kara. devedra 46, 47 dalapatarAma kavi 187, 216 devendrasUri 47 dazakumAracarita' 166 dezInAmamAtA' 26, 43 dazarUpaka' 32 dezyAvRtti" 194 'dazAzrutaskaMdha" 263 dhakapaMcazatI' 41 dAkSiNyacihanasUri 193 dolotsava 64 dAdA 13 'dravyAlaMkAra" 29, 42 dAmodara 13 draupadIsvayaMvara" 60, 68 dinAlApanikAlukasaMtati" 100 'dvatratyuttalikA" 158 "dIghAnikAca" 258 dvArikA 88, 95, 262 dIvAna-I-Ama 70, 85 'dvayAzraya" 3, 24, 26, 85 durgAdAsa rAThoDa 9 dhanadevagaNi 221 durgAzaMkara zAstrI 62, 75, 73, 36, dhanaMjaya 32 86, 131, 1960 dhanya 265 durlabharAja 10 dhamilacarita' 143 durlabhaserevara 10 dharma 203 "dUtAMgada" 7, 64 dharma kalaza muni 140, 141 hAmAtRkA" 25 dharma vahikA 81 depAla 149 dharmavijaya" nATaka 65, 67 delamAla 89 dharmAsyudaya" (kAvya) 12, 17 devaca ra7, 45, 26, 57 "dharmAlyudaya" (nATaka) 64, 67 22

Page #286
sUci "dharmAraNya" 86 navatava" 211 dhavalagraha 10 navanArIkuMjara 110 'dhAtupArAyaNa" 26 navalarAma 188 dhArA 1, 26, 79 navalarAma trivedI 179 'dhArAvaMsa* 7 naMdacaritra" 162 dhArAvarSa pa9 "naMdabatrIzI" 162, 163, 164, dhUmaketu 9 184, 186, 210 dhoLakA 6, 17, 61, 84, 135 nAkara 184 dhruvasvAminI devI" 54 nAgadamaNa" 151 naTavaralAla desAI 190 nAgarasarvasvam 106,180, 185, natarSi (?) 208 * 244, 245 'namaskAra bAlAvabodha" 212 nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA 94, 5 nayanasukharAya majamudAra 1909 nAgAnanda 68 " naranArAyaNAnaMda' 7, 85 nAgendra ga7 71, 137 narapati 160, 192, 163, 164, "nATayadarpaNa" 29, 30, 33, 34, 213 35 42, 53, 54 narasiha mahetA 151, 187, 188, "nAdarpaNatti" 37 189, 190, 191, 192, 216, nAnAka paMDita 7 219, 224, 225 nAnAlAla kavi 218 narasiMharAva 14, 114, 132, 133, "nAbhinaMdanajino dvAraprabaMdha 198 140, 145, 147, 148, 151, nArAyaNa 131, 134 190, 216 nighaMTukAza" 26, 43 narasaiyo-bhakta harine" 190 nityasaubhAgya 163, 174 nabuMdAcArya 185 nikta" 261 narmAza" 188 nirbhayabhImavyAyega" ra9, 31, 32, narmAda 146, 188, 216 34, 37,54, 60 nalavilAsa nATaka" 27, 29, 32, "nizIthasUtra" 263 33, 34, 36, 37,41, 47,54 nemicandra bhaMDArI 211 'navakAravyAkhyAna" 210 mijAtaka" 258 navaghaNa 136 neminAtha catuSpAdikA" 203 277

Page #287
itihAsanI keDI 'neminAtha navarasaphAga" 203 60, 64, 72, 131, 147, 141, "naiSadhIyacarita" 133 192, 213, 214, 225;--bhaMDAnyAyazIla 162 ranI sUci 47 nyUTana 260 pATalIputra 1, 243 padma 205, 206 pANini 261;-"vyAkaraNa" para padmanAbha 144, 151, 188, 200 pArAyaNa vage" 257 'padmapurANa" 166 'pArijAta maMjarI' nATikA 56 padmazrI 185 pArthaparAkamavyAyoga" pa9, 69 padmAvatI' 176, 185, 210 pAlaNapura-DAyarAne bhaMDAra 181 payAsIsura' 258 pAmhaNa 135 paramasAgara 170 pAMcamI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada pasIpAlisa 23 148, 154 pahelI gUjarAtI sAhitya pariSada 90 "pAMDavacaritra" 205 paMcadaMDa 1pa9, 160, 161 piTana 16, 21, 26, 44, 73 paMcadaMDa catupadI" 160 para kadI 63 paMcadaMDa chatra" 160 pIra mukhamazAhanI daragAha 10 paMcadaMDanI vArtA" 160, 212 pIra radI 63 paMcadaMDa prabandha" 161 puNyavijayajI muni 17, 22, 23, paMcadaMDAtmaka vikramacaritra" 160, 24, 44, 145, 161, 199, 263 punamiyA gaccha 22 paMcamI kahA" 194 purAtattva' 31, 214 paMcasAyaka" 244 'purAtana prabaMdhasaMgraha' 40, 41, paMcAsara 3 paMcAsarA pArzvanAthanuM mandira 10 pUrNimA gaccha 180 paMcoLI 84 pUMjARSi 181, 182 paM. mAlavIyajI 230 pRthvIcaMdracaritra" ra12, 21 pAkhaMDakhaMDana' 65, 67 pRthvIrAja cauhANa 76 pATaNa 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "pRthvIrAja rAso " ha6 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, "pethaDarAsa " 198, 19, 224 20, 22, 23, 24, 44, 51, pada, poravADa 2 278

Page #288
sUci "prajAbaMdhu " 190, 222 prAcIna gUrjara kAvyasaMgraha" 140. prajJAtilakasUri 198 197, 198, 203,205,210, 212 pratApamalla 40 prAcIna gujarAtI gadyasandarbha 211, pratijJAyaugarAyaNa" 68 pratyakSa zArIra " 239 "prAcIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM vRtta* prabakeza" 30, 40, 49, 62, racanA 217 86, 133, 183, 196 prAcya vidyApariSada ra66 prabandhacintAmaNi" 34, 35, 38, prAcya vidyAmandira 21, 1pa8201, 40, 46, 48, 67, 71, 2, 70, 20, 209 hepa, 7, 82, 85, 86, 136, prAtizAkhyo 261 138, 155, 195, 196, 197 premAnaMda 151, 15ra, 153, 163, prabaMdhAta" 31, 2, 80 165, 191, 208, 218 prabuddhauhiNeya" nATaka 60, 67 "premAvatInI vArtA " 164, 185 "prabodhacodaya' 207 prabodhacintAmaNi" 143, 144, phAgakAvyo ra03, 204 phAgu' ra08 207, 213, 217 * prabodhabatrIsI" 149 'kutuhAte AlamagIrI" 9 prabhAcandrasUri 48, 138, 130 phArasI-arabI zabda 224 prabhAvaka carita' 28, 29, 30, 48, phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA 38, 40, 48, ha1, 3, 86, 160, 165, 202, 138, 149, 145, 150 206, 29, 21-tramAsika 185, prabhAsapATaNa 88 pramANamImAMsA " ra6 191, 207, 208, 215-nAM hastalikhita pustakonI nAmAvali pralhAdanadeva 59, 69 prorA 66 152, 188 prasthAna" 190 bakulA 82 prAcIna gUrjara kAvya" (paMdaramAM bagadAdano khalIpha 63 zatakanAM) 144, 172, 199, ra04, bajhAna 134 208, 13, 218 badarikAzrama 5 prAcIna gUrjara kAvya" ( sattaramAM "barAsakasturI" 185 zatakanAM) 171 basa 12 279

Page #289
itihAsanI keDI ballAla para aLava tarAya ThAkAra 201 khANa 69, 73 bhAbhravya 243 Apa 4 bAlacandra 61, DA > khAlacandra (hemacandranA ziSya ) ra7, 'bhaTTIkAvya 50 bhadrasena 172, 173 39, 40, 41, 49 ' khAlazikSA ' 194, 214, 215 AlAvamedha 210, 211, 214 khAvA hAjInI daragAha 10 khADa 140 bALAsAheba paMtapratinidhi 112 bilheNa 50, 51, 56, 69, 209 ' bilheNukAvya ' 175, 176, 177, 209, 210 'bilhaNapa'cAzikA ' 111, 209 bIjI sAhitya pariSada 192 186, 197, 214, 220 buddhirAsa' 166, 206 ' bRhatkathA ' 157, 167, 258, 263 < 'gRhalpasUtra' 267, 264, 265 'bRhatkAvyadeAhana' 19, 189 'bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad' 248 e gejheTIara ' ra melI ' 212, 213 brahmagupta 50 'brahmasphusiddhAnta ' 50 ( briTIza meDikala esesIezana 226 bhagavatI sUtra '264, 265 bhagavAnadAsa harakhacaMdra paMDita 198 bha2 48, 134, 265 bhalllazamAM 62 bhavabhAvanA AlAvamedha ' 212 bhavabhUti kara bhavAi 8 vica u bacaraya ' 155 bhavisayattakahA ` 194 bhavya kuTuM'bacaritra ' 155 buddha 60 'buddhiprakAza ' 48, 1960, 162, 'bhavyakuTuMbasajhAya ' 155 * bhagavAnalAla indrajI 2 bhagavAnalAla mAMkaDa 90 bhaTTI 50 1 ' ' bhadrAbhAminI ' 176, 185 bharatezvara-bAhubalIrAsa' 176, 202, 206, 224 bhavyacarita ' 207 bhavaralAla nAhaTA 140 ' bhAgavata dazama skandha 204 'bhAgyamaheAya ' 66 280 'bhAratIya jaina zramaNasaMskRti ane lekhanakalA ' 24 ' bhAratIya vidyA ' 68, 143 bhAlaNa 9, 151, 89, 208 bhAvanagara 66 bhAskarAcArya 260 .

Page #290
sUci bhAMDArakara insTITayuTa 112, 181 "madanamohanA' 176, 185, 210 bhinnamAla 131 "madana rekhA" 185 bhIma kavi 173, 174, 15, 201, madhusUdana 1pa9, 167 217, rarapa madhusudana modI 126, ra01, 25. bhImadeva pahelo (bANAvaLI) 4, 9, , 223 10, 75, 82, 83, 84 madhusUdana vyAsa 146, 151. bhImadeva bIje 6, 60, 6ra "madhyakAlIna sAhityapravAha" 1paDa bhImezvaranuM mandira 10 manamohana gaMgulI 91 bhIruANanuM mandira 10 mAyaNa chaMda" ra09 bhuvanezvara 88 ayaNallA para, para, 56 bhUdeva zukala 65 mayamata" 101 bhe caDa 10 mayUra 73 bhUDezvaraprAsAda 10 mAladhArI hemacandra ra1ra bhUSaNabhaTTasUnuM 170 malabArI 146 bhela 227 malayagiri AcArya 6 bhelasaMhitA" ra28 malayacaMdra 1pa8 "bhairavapadmAvatI kalpa" ra48 mala 85 bhoja 67, 76, 75, 76, 70, 82, "mallikAmakarandaprakaraNa 29, 54 83, 84, 254, 2papa mallinAthamahAkAvya" 177, 202 "bhojaprabadha86, 159, 160 mahamadazAha gUjarAtI 151 bhe. 184 mahamUda gajhanavI 4, 7ra mahamada ghorI 62 ma TubhAI kAMTAvALA 159 mahamada sultAna 65 "maDApacIzI" 169 maharSi para maNilAla nabhubhAI dvivedI 21, rara mahAdeva 13 maNilAla vyAsa 204, 220 mahAnizIthasUtra" ra63 maNizaMkara govindajI 245 mahApurisacariya" pa0 mAtisAra ra60 mahAbhArata" 112, rapa6 mathurA 1 mahAbhArata"(gujarAtI padabaMdha) madana (dhArAno rAjaguru) pada 281

Page #291
mahAvadAsa pA mahAvIra 60, 61, 265 mahAvIraprasAda dvivedI 176 mahendrasUri ra7, 43, 44 maheAkamacakra meAdI rara ma'galakalasa ceApAI'203 majulAla majamudAra 157, 160, 171, 185 malika kavi 198, 224 mAdha 50, 69, 73 mANikayasundarasUri 212, 213, 219 'mAtRkA copAI' 205, 206 ' mAdhavacaritra ' 191 . . itihAsanI keDI mAdhavAnelakAmakuMDalA rAsa ' 101 mAdhavAnalacaritra ' 150 mAdhavAnalanI vArtA' 171, 196, 210 'mAnamudrAbhajana ' 46, 57 mArka DeyapurANa ' 204 mA pAlA 134, 135, 150 ' mAlavikAgnimitra '51 mAMDaNa baMdhArA 149, 150 mAMDalika 190, 191 'mirAte ahemadI ' 11 mirAte sikaMdarI ' 15 mIlacchIkAra 62, 63 ' mugdhAvamAdha auktika ' 147, 189, 215, 29, 20 munisundarasUri 211 mudritakumudacandraprakaraNa ' 5, 6, 48, 52, 70 muMja rara, 76, 194, 196 mula 13 muMbaI sarakAra 20, 21, 22 mUlarAja vasaMhikA 10 mULarAja sela'kA 2, 3, 4, 10, 82, 131, 151, 240 mULarA kara mANeklAla cAjJika 66 mRgAMkalekhA rAsa' 184, 223 mRNAlavatI 76, 82 meghadUta ' 256 meghaprabhAcAya 64 6 meghANI 183 mejIMga 40, 71, 72, 74, 75, 78, 81, 81, 83, 84, 81, 86, 138, 155 merusundara ra11 meAjadIna ra meADherAnuM sUrya mandira 89 meAhanalAla desAi 19, 201, 205, 211, 22, 218 meAhurAjaparAjaya' 41, 57, 67, 69, 70 me' je Dere 1 maurya yuga cha yati jJAnacandra 20 ' yaduvilAsa ' 29, 54 202

Page #292
sUci yazapAla 13, 4, 57, 69 "ratiratnapradIpikA "244, 245 cazazcandra (vaNika) 5, 6, 49, para, "ratirahasya 109, 110, 112, pa3 244 cazazcandra (hemacandranA ziSya) ra7, ratnamandiragaNi 35, 86 ratnamAla' 86 cazeAdhavala 13 ratnazekharagaNi 173, ra01 cazovardhana 173 ratnasiMhasUri 200 cAvIra 60 ratnasundarasUri 180 yAjJavalkya 227 ratnAvalI"51 cAvA mahatsava 51, pa6, 59, 60, "razAstra" 101 ravidAsa 65 yAdava rAjA 62, 63 rasamaMjarI" 153, 184 "yAdavAkyudaya" ra9, 54 rasikalAla parIkha 62, 96 yuktikalpataru " 255 raMgabhUmi pariSada 68 yugAdidevadvatrizika" 29 rAkhAladAsa benarajI 90, 92 cUAvihAra 84 rA' kheMgAra 196 cogabindu'21 *rAghavAkyudaya' 29, 54 yogarAja 10, 81 rAjakIrtimizra 213 gazAstra" 26, 43, 46, 59, rAjagRha 1, 60, 264, 265, 266 61, 180, 211 rAjadhara 160 gIzvarInuM mandira 10 rAjapUta citrakalA 18 caugandarAyaNa 51 rAjamadanazaMkara 10 rAjazekharasUri 39, 133, 176, "raghuvilAsa" ra9, 36, 54 "raghuvaMza" 256 rAjazekharasUri (maladhArI) 203 raNamalla 100 rAjasiMhasUri 182 raNamalada" 199, 200, ra04, rAjasthAna risarca sosAyaTI 135 217, 224 rAjasthAnI" 135, 141, 142 ratanadAsa 184 "rAjimatIpradha' para ratimaMjarI" 144 rAjendracandrasUri 141 283

Page #293
itihAsanI keDI rANakadevI 76, 7, 15-nA duhA laphamavallabha 160 136, 138, 145, 150 lakSmI sAgarasUri 147, 148 rANakadevI-navaghaNa 155 laghu ane sukha 178, 179 rANakapura 88 laghucANakya" 214 rAma para laTakamelakaprahasana para rAmakRSNa gopALa bhAMDArakara ra0 ladhiruci 160 rAmakRSNa devajI 66 lalitAMgacaritra' 185 rAmagupta 54 lavaNuprasAda 6, 135 rAmacaMdra 10, 27, 28, 29, 30,31, lAkakhArAma 3 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, lA jhejhe 151 39, 40, 41, 42, 49, 53, 54, tala kheA phulANI 4 papa, 60, 69, 80, 103 lAlacaMdra gAMdhI 27, 31, 41, 14, rAmacaMdra dInAnAtha zAstrI 73, 79, 81 181, 198, 202, 207, 214 rAmacandrasUri 158, 159, 161 162 lAvaNyasamaya 147, 148 rAmanArAyaNa pAThaka 32, 33, 96 'ligAnuzAsana ra6 rAmabhadra 60, 67 libanA mAtA 89 rAmalAla modI 48, 126, 167, 262 lIlAdevI 82, 240 'rAmAyaNa' 2pa6 "lIlAvaI kahA" 170 rAmezvara 95 "lIlAvatI kathA" 154 rAvaNavadha" pa0 lIlA vaidya upa rAsamALA" 20, ura lUNavasahI 188 rAMdera 134 dattIvitta pa7, 84 vaIrasAmAcariya" 155 drapAla 141 vakhata saha 66 rudramahAlaya 4 vaccha 184, 223 rUpasundarakathA' 176, 209, 216 vaccharAja 153, 184 revaMtagirirAsa" 192, 219 vaDanagara 88 revatakalpa " 198 vaDodarA rAjaya 21 rema 1 vaDodarA rAjyanuM purAtatva khAtuM 4 rahiNImRgAMkaprakaraNa' 29, 54 vaDhavANa ha1, 81 284

Page #294
sUci vatsarAja udayana pa1 vAdI devasUri 5, para, 85 vanamAlA nATikA" 29, 54 vArANasI 1 vanarAja 3, 5, 10, 71, hara, 197; "vAsturatnAkara" 105 nI mUrti 20, 192 vikama 71, 94, 5, 76, 78, 157, vardhamAnagaNi 27, 43 163, 167 valabhIpura 2, 12, 16, 50, 76, 85 "vikamakathA " 1pa8, 159 "valAhasa jAtaka" 258 vikama-khApare cora 184 vasatigaNatarI 7 "vikramacaritra" 158, 159 vasanta" 190 "vikramacaritrakumAra rAsa" 167. vasantavilAsa' 208, 209; -nI 202 citramAlA 110 vikramacaritra-hasAvatInI vArtA vasantavilAsa"(bAlacandrakRta) 85 167, 202 vasantotsava 45, 60, 67 "vikramarAsa" 164, 169 vasudeva-hiMDI " ra60, 263 "vikramalIlAvatI' 16, 170 vastiga 206 vikama-zanizcara rAsa" 184 vastupAla 7, 11, 12, 13, 13, 61, 'vikamArkaprabandha" ra1 62, 63, 64, 67, 137 "vikramAMkadevacarata" 51 vastupAlacarita" 86 "vikramAMkadevacarita carcA" 176 vastupAla-tejapAla 6, 11, 89, vijayanagara 1 135, 225 vijayapAla 7, 13, 60, 69 vastupAla-tejapAlaprazati" 85 vijayabhadra 165, 200 vastupAla-tejapAlarAsa" 132, vijayasenasUri 197 147, 148, 200, 201 vijayA paMDitA 82 vastupAlarAsa" 144 vidyAvilAsa copAI' 177 vADmaTa 7, 13 vidyAvilAsa pADe " 144, 177 vADmaTa (vaidya) 234, 242 201 vATAlaMkAra" che vidhAvilAsarAsa" 177 vADIpArzvanAthanuM mandira 10 vidyAvilAsinInI vArtA" 17, vADIpArzvanAtha bhaMDAra paDe 179, 200 vAtsyAyana 243, 245 'vinayacaTTanI vAta " 178 285

Page #295
itihAsanI keDI vinayacandra 177, 108, 179, 201, vaitAlapacIzI ' 167, 168, 169 203 vaitAlapa'viti 167 vaidarbhI rIti kara vinayasamudra vAcaka 182 ( viSNudhAna'dra nATaka' 50 vaibhAra parvata 61 * vimalaprabandha ' 83, 147, 148, vaizAlI 1 15 vimaLA 11, 13 'vimAnavatyu ' 258 ' virATapa ' 205, 217, 221 'vilAsavatI ' 154 'vividhatIrthaM kalpa ' 142 . vilsana phAilAlAjIkla lekaca` 113 zakunikAvihAra 48 vizAkhadatta 30, 54 ' vizeSaNavatI ' 263 vizvanAtha jAnI 9, 191 vizvezvara paDita 35 viSNudAsa 9 viSNudharmAMttarapurANa '96, 97, 98, 104 < 'viSNupurANa ' 96 viseliyasa 226 ' vItarAgastuti ' pa vIracaryA 78 vIrajI 164, 165, 166 vIradhavala 6, 17, 61, 62, 63, 64, 1, 81 vIraprAsAda 10 vIrasiMha 166, 106, 210, 213 vIsaladeva 6 vRddhe cANakya ' 214 vyatirekadvAtriMzikA ' 39 vyavahArasUtra ' 263 vyAyAga 60 vrajalAla kAlidAsa zAstrI 189 vrajendranAtha sIla 232 * zatAthIkAvya ' 6, 25, 43 zatrujaya 8, 61, 67 - zazikalApa cAzikA ' 175, 209 zakara dAjI pade 244 zakaraprasAda rAvaLa 167 zakaralAla mAhezvara zAstrI 66 zakarAcArya 248 zakhabara 253 58 'zAkuntala ' zAkabharI 46, 57 zAntu 13, 51 zAntyatsavagraha 51 zAmaLabhaTa 153, 156, 159, 16, 161, 163, 164, 1965, 166, 168, 169, 170, 171, 176, 190, 178, 17, 18, 181, 185, 210, 260 zAradA 199 '

Page #296
sUci zAlibhadra 265 zrIdharAcArya 2014 zAlibhadra kaka" 206 zrInagara 90 zAlibhadrasUri 136, 202, 206 zrIpAla kavi 7, 13, 37, 60 zAlivAhana 71 zrI mAla 2, 12, 50 zAlisUri ra05, 267, 221 zrImAlI 2 zAlIpura 46, 57 zrIsthaLa 4 zilAditya 85 zreNika 61, 264, 265 zilparatna" 98, 99, 100,101,104 zvetaketu 243, 24pa 'zi9paratnAkara" 101 zilpasaMhitA" 255 "pakAraka" 215, 220 zivadatta zAstrI 133 paDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha" 211 zivadAsa 164, 165, 166, 167, "paSTizataka" 211 200, 201 zizupAlavadha" para 'sagAlasAha AkhyAna" 184 zIlaguNasUri 6 sajana 13, 197 zIlAcArya para satyaharizcandra" 29, 34, 36, 38, zIlAMkasUri patra 54 zukabahoterI" 180 sadayavalsanI vAta " 173, 184 zukasaptati" 180, 181 sadayavatsavIracaritra" 173, 201, zubiMga, Do. ra63 213, 225 zubha zIlagaNi 82 sadI 84 zekha jodhanI masjida 10 sadevaMta sAvaliMgAnI vArtA" 174, zekha pharIdanI daragAha 10 201 zeSa bhaTTAraka 4pa sadevaMta sAvaliMgA rAsa" 174 zaikasa, pra. 247 saddhezarAsaka " 154 zrAvakatratAdi aticAra" ra12 sapAdalakSa 45, 46, 84 zrI kumAra 98 saptakSetrI rAsa" ra05 zrIkRSNa 2, 50, 100 saptazatI" 199, 204, 217 zrIdhara vyAsa 199, 200, ra04, "saptasaMdhAna" 26 217, 225 sabhAgAra" 212 287

Page #297
ItihAsanI keDI samacaratna 148 sAnuM 85 samarasiha saMdhavI 8, 149, 198 sAmnavasahika 85 'samarArAsa" 8, 132, 147, 150, sAmantasiha 3 219 'sArasvata vyAkaraNa 21pa samarAMgaNusUtradhAra' 104, 254, sAraMga 15, 200 255, 2pa6, 258, 261 sAraMgadeva vAghelA 168 samudragupta 54 sArAbhAI navAba 44, 108, 109, samyakatvamAi copAI 2015 110, 208 sayAjIrAva gAyakavADa 21 zAliga 8 sara jyorja zrIarsana 134 sAvitrIcarita" 66 sarasvatI 3, 10 sAhitya" 159, 216 'sarvatIrthanamaskArastavana" 210 sAhityapriya 222 sarvAnandasUri 203 sAMba 50 sarvAvasara 85 "sAbapaMcAzikA" para sahastraliMga sarovara 4, 8, 10 sidapAla 7, 60 sahastraliMgasarAvaraprazasti" 11, siddhapura 89 ka7, 38, hara siddharAja jayasiMha 4, 5, 6, 7, saMgrahANI" 212 12, 16, 17, 25, 28, 34, 35, saMgrAmarisaha 63 38,51, 2, 60, 68, 8, 138, saMghakula 162, 163, 186 192, 19- kIrtistaMbha 10, saMdhadAsagaNi 263 saMdhavijaya 74, 159, 179 siddharpi para saMDera 198 siddhisUri 158 saMpa9ra pa1 siddhahema bRhad vRtti' 46, 47 saMgitAsvayaMvaram' 66 siddhahema vyAkaraNa" 4, 26, 77, saMskRta hAthapratonI zodhano ahevAla 78, 154, 182 siMdhI jaina granthamALA 40, 41, 47, sAgara para 49, 73, 136, 211 sAtamI prAcyavidyA pariSada 102 siMhaNa 62, 63 sAdhu kIrti 167 siMhAsanahAviMzikA" 21 1 1 288

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sUci siMhAsanabatrIsI" 04, 157, sTelA krAmarIza 96 158, 159, 162, 165, 168, "strIcaritra" 185 175 sthAnAMgasUtra" 264 "sItAharaNa" 172 sthUlibhadra phAga' 203, 204 "suzrutakIrtikalolinI" 11, 72, 85 "sanAtasyAva" stuti 49 sukRtasaMkIrtana" 85 samaradIpikA" 244 sukharAma 184 svarUpacaMda yati 22 suDAbahoterI" 180, 181 suttanipAta" 257 "hammIramadamana" 62, 63, 64, sudhAkalaza" 29 70, 85 sundarI 82 haragovindadAsa kAMTAvALA 187 subhaTa 7, 64 harapa 1 sumati sa 173 haripAla 83 surasava" 62 harilAla harSadarAya dhruva 189, 21pa suraMgAbhidhAna neminAtha phAga " 221 "harilIlAdhoDazakalA" 154 sulAsAkhyAna" 155 harihara 7 sukRta 227, 28, 232, 234, harTala che. 180 236, 242 harSadeva 51 suzrutasaMhitA" 82, 228, 238, "haMsavatsakathA" 165, 200, 225 240 he vatsakathA copAI'65, 200 senTrala lAyabrerI, vaDodarA 21 haMsavijayajI muni 214 soma 18 haMsAvatI" 167 somatilakasUri 143 haMsAvatI--vikramacaritravivAha" emadevabhaTTa 258 146, 151 seminAtha 134; -no bhaMga 4, 72 "haMsAvalI" 164, 167, 169, samaprabhAcArya 6, 26, 43, 75, 200 78, 185 "hAramALA" 190, 191 somasundarasUri 203, 211, 219 hArUna ala razIda 258 somezvara 7, 13, 62, 71 hiMmatavijayajI gati 22 solarNa 275 hIrakalaza 74, 15, 168 289

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itihAsanI keDI hisANaMdasUri 144, 177, 138, 103, 1pa4, 173, 180, 192, 200, ra01 193, 194, 195, 211 - jaina hIrAlAla paMDita 160 sabhA 194-jJAnamandira 23; -nuM "hIrasaubhAgya' kAvya 9 vyAkaraNa 17; -no upAzraya 10 hemacandra 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 16, hemahaMsagaNi 212 20, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, hemANaMda 168 pha3, 5, 38,39, 40, 41, 43, "hemazabdAnuzAsana gRhanyAsa' 47 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 53, pada, haima sArasvata satra 15. 23, 44, 57, 58,61, 69, 7, 80, 85, 53 aMgrejI pustakonI sUci Alberuni's India 13% Linguistic Survey of India Annals of Rajasthan 20 134 Bombay Gazetteer 72, 134 Orissa and Her Remains 91, Catalogus Catalogorum 24 eX Elements of Hindu Icono Proceedings and Transacgraphy 109 Gujarat and its Literature tions of the 7th All India Oriental Conference 102 48 Gujarati Language and Lit- Studies in Vatsyayan's erature 132 Kamasutra 284 History of Orissa 90, 93 Vishnudharmottara (Eng. Introduction to Indian Art Trans.) 96 1 Life of Hemachandracharya Wilson Philological Lectures 47 13, 131, 132 290+8298

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