________________
152
Multi-dimensional Application of Anekāntavāda
object or a problem, which is called 'Dravya' in Jaina parlance, and hence are known as “Dravyārthika Nayas'. When we are aspecting the main substance only from its generic sense, or class view or empirical view, we are committing the mistake' of Naigamābhāsa or Sangrahābhāșa as the case may be. The remaining four Nayas have reference to the standpoints which identify the modes in which the main substance expresses itself. These modes are changing with the change of circumstances, time and place, and are known in Jaina terminology as, 'Paryāya' and hence these four Nayas are called * Paryāyārthika Nayas'. When we emphasise a point to identify a problem or an object, by pointing out only to a particular ‘mode' which a substance is adopting, we are committing a mistake of identifying the said object or problem only from that relevant aspect. These covers the doctrine of relevancy as envisaged by evidence Act that governs the court procedures.
The function of every jurisprudence is to identify the real problem so that complete justice can be done between the contesting parties. But this can not be done if we are aspecting the said problem only from a particular view point. The above analysis clarifies our thinking and points out the mistake we are apt to commit if we try to identify the problem from a particular aspect only. It would be beyond the scope of this paper to go into the description and discussion of these classified Nayas, but it would be just sufficient to state that these different classifications of Nayas show how differently the same, object or problem can be aspected by different individual. They further show that each individual aspect is only partially true and since it is only partially true it is not capable of being wholly true, because the reality can be truly comprehended only by one who can see the whole. 3. Jurisprudential utility of Anekānta:
Thus the jurisprudential utility of the theory of Nayas, which leads to the theory of 'Anekāntavāda' lies in its analytical approach of studying all available aspects of a problem and the consequential approach of a rational unification of the manifold revealed by this analysis. The task of this rational unification is done by the doctrine of
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
