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84
EPIGRAPHIA INDICA.
Before proceeding further, it may be advantageous to consider here the relationship of some of the mediaeval Pandya kings found in inscriptions. Tamil epigraphs, when they intend to convey definite relationship, use appropriate and unambiguous terms to denote them. We meet with terms like tiruttagappanar1 or ayyar for father, annalvi or annar for elder brother, akkans for elder sister, deviyār for queen, maganar' or pillaiyar' for son, magalar or pen-pillai for daughter, marumaganario for nephew or sister's son, maittunanar11 for brother-in-law, amman1s for uncle, appaṭṭaris for great grandfather, etc. To denote simply a predecessor, be he distant or near, or any elder or senior member, deceased or living, the terms periyavar, periyadevar or periyanāyaṇār are employed. In dealing with the Tinnevelly inscription of Maravarman Sundara-Pandya II, I pointed out, by two telling instances, that periyadevar or periyanayanar cannot definitely indicate a father. One of the inscriptions found at Puravari near Nagercoil, dated in the 16th year of the reign of the Pandya Maravarman Srivallabhadeva speaks of a son of the king by name Kulasē. kharadeva1 and another inscription found at Kōṭṭaikkarungulam in the Tinnevelly District, dated in the 2nd year and 600th day of the same king's reign, states that the Virešvaramuḍaiyar was re-named Kulasekhara-Isvaramuḍaiyar after the name of the king's father, thus letting us know that Maravarman Srivallabha's father was also called Kulasekhara. Here, therefore, there are two Kulasekharas, one being the grandfather of the other. Both of them may be tentatively assumed to have borne the title Jaṭavarman from the fact that the middle member Śrivallabha was styled Maravarman. One other fact that is known is that Maravarman Srivallabha flourished about the middle of the 12th century A.D. being a contemporary of Viraravivarman-Tiruvaḍi, in all probability a ruler of Venäḍu, for whom a date Kollam 336 (A.D. 1161) has been discovered." There is thus every possibility of Maravarman Srivallabha's son being that Kulasekhara in whose reign, in about A.D. 1166-7, the civil war in the Pandya country commenced. As we have already shown that the war must have been started in the reign of Jațävarman Kulasekhara who had the introduction Putalamaḍandai, our assumption that Maravarman Śrīvallabha's son Kulasekhara might be a Jaṭavarman becomes strengthened and his ancestry also settled. With this information before us, we cannot but assign the Kalladakurichi inscription,18 dated in the 2nd year of the reign of Jaṭavarman Tribhuvanchakravartin Kulasekharadeva, which mentions periyanāyaṇār Srivallabhadēva, to Jaṭavarman Kulasekharadeva with Pulalamaḍandai introduction, and regard the Srivallabha referred to therein as being identical with Märavarman Srivallabha of A.D. 1161, the father and predecessor of king Jaṭavarman Kulasekhara with Putalamadandai introduction.
[VOL. XXV.
With the materials available to us from inscriptions and other sources we have shown the significance of the end of the 4th year of the reign of Jaṭavarman Kulasekhara that started the civil war and noted that it marks the day of triumph of Kulasekhara over his adversary ParakramaPandya, who, it is said, had been put to death even before the arrival of the forces from Ceylon.
1 No. 271 of the Madras Epigraphical Collection for 1927-28.
Above, Vol. XXIV, p. 159.
Nos. 425, 426 and 448 of the Madras Epigraphical Collection for 1913, and S. I. I., Vol. IV, No. 529. Above, Vol. XXIV, p. 159.
Nos. 314 and 315 of 1923. "Ibid.
8. I. I., Vol. III, p. 296.
No. 31 of S. 1. I., Vol. VI.
S. I. I., Vol. VIII, No. 234.
10 No. 336 of the Madras Epigraphical
11 S. I. I., Vol. V, Nbs. 293 and 421.
13 S. I. I., Vol. V, No. 446.
14 Above, Vol. XXIV, p. 159.
15 No. 50 of 1896.
Collection for 1927-28.
12 No. 327 of 1916.
1 No. 271 of 1927-28.
1 No. 110 of Madras Epigraphical Collection for 1907.
17 An. Rep. on Epigraphy, Madras, for 1896, p. 5, paragraph 15.
