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What is it? It may be seen as under: 1. Faith as a controlling factor (Saddhindriyam):
Saddha generally means faith. It has a special meaning too. It refers to a mental state which has two functions-purifying the mind and making it to exert for higher realization-Sempasādanalakkhanā. Sampakhandana-lakkhaņā ca. While functioning as purifying factor, it removes the hindrances and makes the consciousness pure, tranquil and free from discurbances. It may be understood as a water-purifving gem. which when put into dirty water makes the water pure, tranquil by removing the dust particles from it. While functioning as exerting for higher realization, it inspires confidence and generates endeavour in the stream winner (Sotāpanna) for attainment of higher states like 'Once returner fruit (Sakadāgāmiphala), 'Never returner fruit' (Anāgāmiphala) or 'Emancipated being fruit' (Arahatphala). In short, it inspires confidence and generates endeavour for attainment of that which is not achieved, as well as for realization of that which is not realized. It is defind as believing or confiding having its characteristic, purifying as function, freedom from pollution as manifestation and object worthy of faith or factors stream winning such as hearing the good law and so on as proximate cause.
2. Energy as a controlling factor (Viriyindriyam) :
The literal meaning of Viriya is energy. It in its technical sense is a mental support. All the good qualities supported by it, remain firm and do not fall away. As a man finding a thatch falling, erects a pillar and being supported by it, the roof does not fall, similarly having inner support generated by it, the moral states remain firm and function properly. It is just like the reinforcement of the small army, granting support for further endeavour. It may further be defind as a state of strengthening as its characteristic, supporting the co-existent states as function. Opposition to giving way is its manifestation and agitation is its proximate cause.5 3. "Mindfulness as a controlling factor (Satindriyam):
The third controlling factor is the mindfulness-Satindri yam. It is the name of a mental state which is nothing but awareness. It has two functions-reminding of the good qualities and pointing out the beneficial and otherwise mental states. While functioning as reminding it creates awareness at mind door. As a doorkeeper standing on the door of the house remains alert, similarly it creats alertness at the mind door. Further it reminds of all moral states like four-fold mindfulness, four-fold right effortes, four-fold feet of occult powers, five controlling factors, five powers, seven factors of enlightenment, eight-fold noble path, meditation, insight. wisdom and freedom. Being reminded of it, one exerts for practising and developing the moral states and acquiring the higher achievements. It is just like reminding of the wealth to a king by his treasurer.?
Again while pointing out the beneficial states, it reveals the nature of moral states showing clearly that these are beneficial in this way and these are not beneficial in any way. Knowing them so, one acquires and develops the beneficial ones and gives up those which are harmful. With a view to make it more clear, it is further said that reminding is its characteristics, fighting of forgetfulness is its function, guarding or directing the mind to face the object is its mnnifestation and firm perception is its proximate cause.
1. Q.K.M. 1, (M.P.) 52. 2. V.M. 324. 3. V.M, 323. 4. Q.K.M. 1, (M.P.) 57. 5. V.M. 324. 6. Q.K.M. 1, (M.P.) 58. 7. Ibid. 59. 8. V.M. 324.
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