Sankshipta Jain Itihas Part 02 Khand 01

Author(s): Kamtaprasad Jain
Publisher: Mulchand Kisandas Kapadia
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/035243/1

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OOO @kkbilidk Ik Illlebic % dAdAsAheba, bhAvanagara. phona : 0278-2425322 5272008 papta jaina itihaas| dvitIya bhaag| prathama khnndd| SSSSSSSS6666000000000000er sau0 savitAbAI, svargavAsI dharmapatrImUlacada kisanAsa kApar3iyA saratake smaraNArtha "digambara jaina ke 25 veM varSake mAhakoko bhett| -bAbU kAmatAprasAdajI jaina / - Ha Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara. Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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------- H sau0 savitAbAI smAraka pranthamAlA naM0 2. ||||||||||||| MAHA-RAALI 3 saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / dvitIya bhaag| ( prathama khaMDa ) lekhaka: zrImAn bAbU kAmatAprasAdajI jaina ema. Ara. e. esa., , oNna0 sampAdaka - 'vIra' aura ' bhagavAna mahAvIra 'bhagavAna pArzvanAtha', 'satyamArga', 'laoNrDa mahAvIra mahArANI celanI ityAdi graMthoMke racayitA / prakAzakaH mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApar3iyA, mAlika, digambara jaina pustakAlaya, kApar3iyAbhavana- mUrata / -- sva* savitAbAI, sau0 dharmapatnI mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApaDiyA ke smaraNArtha " digambara jaina " ke 25 ve varSake grAhakoM ko bheMTa | prathamAvRtti ] vIra saM0 2458 mUlya - ru0 1-12 -0. ......................................................*||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||o *HININTH---------- [ prati 1000

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mstaavnaa| . adhika samaya nahIM humA ki saradAra paTelane eka bhASaNa meM kahA thA ki garhisA vIroMkA dharma hai|' aura unhIM ke sAtha kAkA kAlelakarane pragaTa kiyA thA ki "jainadharma sarvottama rItise jIvana vartanakA upAya batAtA hai / vaha saccA sAmyavAda sikhAtA hai|" jainadharmake viSayameM rASTrIya-netAoMke yaha udgAra niHsaMdeha ThIka haiN| kintu ina uddAroM kA mahatva taba hI spaSTa hosaktA hai ki jaba jainoMke gata jIvana vyavahArase ahiMsA dharmakA pAlana karate huye vIratvake prakAza aura jIvanakI pUrNatAkA citra sAdhAraNa janatAke hRdayapaTalapara aMkita kiyA jAtake / yaha honA taba hI saMbhava hai ki jaba jainoM kA itihAsa janatAke hAthoM meM phuNce| jaise kisI manuSyakA sanmAna usake vaMza, pratiSThA AdikA paricaya pAnese hotA hai, usItaraha kisI jAtikA mAdara upta jAti kA itihAsa jAnanese logoMkI dRSTimeM bar3hatA hai / bhArata digambara jaina pariSadane isa AvazyaktAko bahata pahale anubhava kara liyA thaa| aura tadanusAra apanI eka 'itihAsa kameTI' bhI niyukta kI thI, jisakA eka sadasya maiM bhI thaa| usIke anurUpa maiMne "jaina itihAsa" ko likhanekA udyoga cAlU kiyA thA aura pariNAmataH usakA pahalA bhAga, jisameM IsvI pUrva 600 varSase pahalekA paurANika itihAsa saMkalita hai, pragaTa hocukA hai| prastuta pustaka usI silasile meM dUsare bhAgakA pahalA khaNDa hai| dUsare bhAgameM IsvI pUrva chaThI zatAbdise IsvI terahavIM zatAbdi takakA itihAsa ekatra kiyA jAnA nizcita hai| isa pahale

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sADameM IsvI pUrva chaThI zatAbdise dUsarI zatAbdi takakA itihAsa pragaTa kiyA gayA hai| pAThaka mahodaya dekheMge ki pahale namAnemeM hiMsA dharmako pAlate huye noMne kemA vIratva pragaTa kiyA thA aura jIvanako pratyeka dRSTise unhoMne saphala banAyA thaa| unameM bar3e 2 samrATa the jinhoMne mAratakI pratiSThA videzoMmeM kAyama kI vI-unameM bar3e 2 yoDA the, jinhoMne zUroMke dila dahalA diye theunameM bar3e 2 vyApArI the, jinhoMne dezavidezoM meM jAkara apAra dhanasaMcaya kiyA thA aura use dharma aura sarvahitake kAryoM meM kharca karake bhAratakA gaurava bar3hAyA thA ! aura una niyoM meM ve prAta:smaraNIya mahApuruSa the jo digambara-prAkRta veSa meM rahakara jJAna-dhyAna dvArA Atmatenake puna the aura jo jIvamAtrA kalyANa karane meM agrasara the ! aba bhalA kahiye ki nainadharmakA ahiMsAtatva kyoM na vIratvakA prakAzaka ho aura usake dvArA manuSya jIvana kaise saphala na ho ? jainoM kA yaha prAcIna itihAma Ana hama-mavako jIvitajAgRta aura karmaTha hone kI zikSA detA hai| gata itihAsako jAnanA taba hI sArthaka hai jaba usake anumAra vartAva karane kA udyoga kiyA nAya ! mAna pratyeka nainIko yaha bAta bhUla na jAnA caahiye| yaha saMbhava nahIM hai ki prastuta pustakameM varNita kAla kA saMpUrNa itihAsa AgayA ho| hAM usako yathAmaMbhava hara tarahase pUrNa banAne kA khyAla avazya rakhA gayA hai aura AgAmIke bhAgoM meM bhI rakkhA naavegaa| dUsare bhAgakA dUsarA khaMDa bhI likhA nAcunna hai aura vaha bhI nikaTa bhaviSyamai pAThakoM ke hAtha meM pahuMca jaavegaa| mAzA, pAThaka unase yatheSTa lAma utthaaveNge|

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( 4 ) isa khaNDako zraddheya ba. sItalaprasAdanIne dekhakara hameM ucita parAmarza diyA hai. isake liye unako dhanyavAda hai| impIriyala mayaberI kalAnA hame yatheSTa sAhitya-sahAyatA milI hai; etadarSa usakA bhAbhAra svIkRta hai| sAtha hI priya mitra kApar3iyAnIkA bhI bAmAra svIkAra kara lenA hama ucita samajhate haiM jinhoMne na kevala sAhitya prastuta karake isakA saMkalana kArya sugama kiyA hai, varan isako prakAza meM lAkara unhoMne isakA pracAra vyApaka aura sugama banA diyA hai / iti zam / vinItaalIgaMja (esa) kAmatAprasAda jaina, 11-2-1939 / saMpAdaka "vIra" ==- Srara ra dhnyvaad| prasiddha lekhaka va itihAsajJa zrI. bAbU kAmatAprasAdajI jainaalIgaMjane aneka aitihAsika grantha race hai, unameM "saMkSipta jaina itihAsa' bhI eka hai, jisakA prathama bhAga hamane 6 varSa hue prakaTa kiyA thA aura yaha dRpaga bhAga prathama ) bhI Aja prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai / Apane isa granthakA kalana aMgrejI, hiMdI va saMskRta bhASAkI choTI bar3I karIba 100 pustAkA vAcana va manana karake kiyA hai, jisake liye mApa aneka.: dhanyavAdake pAtra hai| aise aitihAsika pranyokA sulabha pracAra karane ke liye jisa prakAra isakA prathama bhAga " digambara jaina" ke 19 varSake prAhakoko bheTa deneke liye prakaTa kiyA thA usI prakAra yaha dUsaga bhAga (pra. khaMDa) bhI 'digambara jaina' ke 25veM varSake grAhakoM ko bheTa deneke liye jo usake grAhaka nahIM haiM unake liye vikrayArtha bhI nikAlA gayA hai / bhAzA hai ki isakA acchA lAbha uThAyA jAegA / prkaashk|

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.AAAAAAAAAAAAD | sau. savitAbAI saark| pranthamAlA naM0 2. JIII svargIya lagAkaTITIT sau. zrImatI savitAbAI kApar3iyA, dharmapatrAM, bhI0 mUlacaMda kisanadAsajI kApar3iyA-sUrata / janma-saM0 1964. svargavAsa-saM0 1986. Apake smArakameM 2000) sthAyI zAstrAnake liye nikAle gaye haiM jinamese "aitihAsika striyAM" nAmaka prathama grantha / gata varSame prakaTa karake "digambara jaina" vi"jaina mahilAdarza" ke grAhakoM ko bheTa svarUpa bAMTA gayA thA aura isa smAraka | granyamAlAkA yaha dUparA puSpa " digambara / na" ke 25 varSake grAhakoM ko bheTameM diyA jAtA hai| bhAzA hai ki aise sthAyI sAvarAnakA anukaraNa manya zrImAna va zrImatI bhI kreNge| - *

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= == = = sans smrpnn| Plessings milu ktaa maajulii jnyaante, raIkhA, alIgaMja (eTA) = == = = = = = cds == = s = = Looglesleg pitAjI ! Apake anugrahase jo jJAna prApta kiyA hai usake phala-svarUpa yaha bheMTa Apake karakamaloM meM sAdara savinaya samarpita hai| ApakA putra kAmatAprasAda / === == == = res

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viSaya-sUcI / 1 - prAkkathana - jaina dharmakA prAkRta rUpa, jainadharma kI prAcInatA, prAcIna bhAratakA svarUpa, tatkAlIna mukhya rAjya .... 1 1 - zizunAga vaMza - utpatti, upazreNika, zreNika bimbasAra, abhayakumAra, ajAtazatru, kuNika, darzaka, udayana, nandivardhana, mahAnandina Adi 1- licchivi Adi gaNarAja - prAcIna bhAratamai prajAtantra, licchivi, rAjA ceTaka, zatAnika, dazaratha, udayana, celanI, vaizAlI, jyeSThA, candanA, zAkya, mala, gaNarAjya 29 1 - jJAtrika kSatrI aura bha0 mahAvIra - kollAga, vajjiyana, siddhArtha rAjA, trizalA kuNDagrAma, bha0 mahAvIrakA jIvanakAla, nirgrantha jainI, bhavarudra, matrakha ligozAla, pUrNakAzyapa, AjIvaka, gautamabuddha, kauzaladeza, mithilA, vaizAlI, caMpA, dharmaghoSa, sudarzana seTha, magadha, pAMcAla, kaliMga, baMga, mathurA, dakSiNa bhArata, rAjapUtAnA, gujarAta, paMjAba, kAzmIra AdimeM ghanaMnacAra, jJatRvaMza 45 1 - vIra saMgha aura anya rAjA bIra saMghake gaNadhara, gautama, agnimUrti, vAyubhUti, sutrarmAcArya, yamarAjA, maNDa putra, mauryaputra, akaMpita, acalavRtta, prabhAva, bAriSema, caMdanA Adi - Jee .... .... .... .... 11 119 6- tatkAlIna sabhyatA aura paristhiti utkAlIna

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rAja avasthA, sAmAjika dazA, mahilA mahimA, pArmika sthiti, muni va AryikAoMkA dharma, zrAvakAcAra Adi 138 7-bha0 mahAvIrakA nirvANakAla-vIra saMvata, zukaH zAlivAhana, nahapAna, vikrama saMvat .... .... 157 8-antima kevalI zrIjambUsvAmI-bAlyakAla, vIratA, vairAgya, vivAha, munijIvana, sarvajJa dazA va dharmapracAra, zvetAmbara kathana .... .... .... 171 9-nanda vaMza-navananda, naMdivardhana Adi.... .... 18. 1.-sikandara mahAnakA AkramaNa aura tatkAlIna jaina sAdhu bhAratIya tatvavettA, di0 jaina sAdhu nimnosophisTa, muni mandanIsa aura kalonasa Adi .... .... 181 11-zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura anya AcArya-jaina saMghakA dakSiNameM prasthAna, zvetAMbara paTTAvalI, jaina saMgha bheda, zrutajJAnakI vikSipti, zve. sthUlabhadra, Adi .... 201 12-maurya sAmrAjya-candragupta maurya, sailyUkapta, zAsana prabaMdha, sAmAjika dazA, dhArmika sthiti, candragupta jaina the, cANakya, azoka, kaliMga vijaya, azokakI zikSAyeM, azokake jaina dharmAnusAra pAribhASika zabda aura unake dArzanika siddhAMta, azokakA jainadharma, pracAra, zilAlekha va zilpa kArya, aMtima jIvana, azokake uttarAdhikArI, rAjA sAmprati aura jainasaMgha, seTha sukumAla, maurya sAmrAjyakA anta, uparAMta kAlake mauryavaMzaja, zuMga vaMza ... .... Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ___www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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saMketAkSara suucii| * maMpake saMkalana meM nimna graMthoMse sadhanyavAda sahAyatA grahaNa kI gaI hai; jinakA ullekha nimna saMketarUpameM yathAsthAna kiyA gayA hai:adha*=' azokake dharmalekha '-lekhaka zrI0 janArdana bhaTTa ema0 e0 (kAzI, saM0 1980 ) / * ahi00 bhartI hisTrI oNpha inDiyA '-le0 sara vinsenTa smika ema0 e0 (cauthI AvRtti) / azoka * = 'azoka' - le0 sara vinsenTa smitha ema0 e0 / Aka0='ArAdhanA kathAkoSa' -ke0 tra0 nemidatta ( jainamitra oNphisa, baMbaI 2440 vI0 saM0 ) / oNjI *-' oNjIviksa - bhAga 1-40 venIma'java bAruA0 DI0 liT (kalakattA 1920) / As00' AvArAta sUtra' mUla (zvetAmbara AgamanaMca ) / oNhii0='oNksapharDa hisTrI oNpha inDiyA' - vinsenTa smitha ema0 e0 / iMai0-iMDiyana ainTIkkerI' (traimAsika patrikA ) / iriI0 - 'insAyaklopeDiyA oNpha rilIjana eNDa Ithiksa' - haisTingsa | iMseje00 'iMDiyana seka oNpha dI jensa'- bulhara / iMhikvA0 = 'iMDiyana hisaTaoNrIkala kvArTalI' - saM0 DaoN0 narendranAtha laoN kalakattA / uda0='uSAsagadasAo suta' - DaoN0 hANale (Biblo. Indica ) / upu0 va u0 pu08' uttarapugaNaM' - mI guNabhadrAcArya va paM0 lAkhAgamajI / us0='uttarAdhyayana sUtra (zvetAmbarIya bhagamaya) jAI kArpenTiyara (upasannA)

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(8) ei0= epiprephiyA inDikA' / eime. yA 'meei.'-'enziyenTa inDiyA eja DiskAina bAI megasthanIja eNDa airiyana'-(1877) / eijai0= ena ipIToma oNpha jainIjma'-zrI pUrNacandra nAhara ema0 e0| emikSaTrA0-'enziyenTa miDa-iMDiyana kSatriya TrAinsa'-DaoN. vimalAcaraNa laoN (klkttaa)| __ airi0='aiziyATika risaceMja'-sara viliyama jonsa ( san 1799 * 1809) / aii0 enziyenTa inDiyA eja DiskAinDa bAi sTraibo, maikakrinDila (1901) / - kajAI0-kaniMghama, jaoNgaraphI oNpha enziyenTa InDiyA'-( kalakattA 1924 ) / / kalila'e hisTrI oNpha kanArIz2a liTrecara'-I0 pI0 rAisa (H. LS. ) 1921. kasU0- kalpasUtra' mUla (zvetAmbarIya Agama graMtha ) / kAle0= kAramAikala lekcarsa-DaoN0 DI0 Ara0 bhANDArakara / kaidi60 kaimbrija hi Tro apha inDiyA'-ainziyenTa iMDiyA, bhA. 1-pasana sA0 (1922) / gumApari0=gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada riporTa-sAtavI / ( bhAvanagara #. 1982 ) / gaubu0 gautama duba'-ke. je. saoNnDarsa (H. I. S.) / cabhama = caMdragaja bhaMDArI kRta bhagavAna mahAvIra / ' jabiosoc='jarnala oNpha dI vihAra eNDa oDIsA risarca sosaaittii| ambU0jambRkumAracarita (sUrata vIgada 2440) / jamIso0-janala oNpha dI mIthika sosAiTI-galora /

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(9) barAeko0-'jaranala maoNpha do raoNyala aisiyATika sosAiTI andana / bekA0jaina kAnUna'-zrI. campatarAya jana vidyAvA (bijanaura 1990) baiga. 'jainagejeTa'-aMgrejI ( madrAsa ) / apra:='nadharma prakAza'-70 zItalapramAdajI (bijanaura 1920) / stU ='jainastUpa eNDa adara epTIkvaTIja oNpha mathuga'-smiya / vaizAsaM0='jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka-mu. jinavijayajI (pUnA) / simA0='janasibAnta bhAskara'-zrI padmarAja jaina (klkttaa)| zisaM0="jaina zilAlekha saMgraha-praoN0 horAlAla jaina ( mANikacana antyamAlA ) / behi0- jainahitaSI'-050nAthUrAmajI ra paM.jugalakizorajI (babaI) .. jaisU0 (Js. )-jaina sUtrAz2a (S. B. E. Series, Vols. XII & XLV ). TaoNga-TaoNDamA0 kRta rAjasthAnakA itihAsa (veGkaTezvara presa) / rijevA = e rikzanarI oNpha jaina bAyopraiphI '-zrI umarAvaviha TaoNka (maaraa)| takSa='e gAiDa TU takSazilA-para maoNna mArazaTha (1918) / tatvArtha tatvArthAdhigama sUtra'-zrI umAsvAti (S. B.J. Vol. I) vipa0= tiloyapaNatti'-zrI yativRSamAcArya (jainahiteSI bhA013kA2) dije = digambara jana '-mAsikapatra-0 zrI mUlacanda kisanadAsa apariyA (suurt)| sani0-dIghanikAra' ( P. T. S.) pari0- paziTa pa'-prI hemacandrAcArya / prAjele. prAcIna jana lekhasaMpra-kAmatAprasAda jaina (vardhA ) * banionasmA gAla, bihAra, or3IsA jana smAraka-zrImAn 20 pItamaprasAdajI / bajesmA samma prAntake prAcIna jaina smAraka-ba. shiitlpsaaddhii| habiTa inDiyA-pro. hIsa Devisa /

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bhapA bhagavAna pArzvanAma-le, kAmatAprasAda jaina (sUrata), bhamabhagavAna mahAvIra-, , , (sUrata) bhamabu0-bhagavAna mahAvIra aura mA buddha-kAmatAprasAda jaina (sUrata) bhamI-mAraka mImAMsA ( gujarAtI.)-surata / bhAi0-bhAratavarSakA itihAsa-DaoN0IzvarIprasAda DI.liT (prayAga 1490) bhAbhayo 'azoka'-DaoN0 bhANDArakara (kalakattA) / bhAtArA -bhAratake prAcIna rAjavaMza-zrI vizvezvaranAtha reu (vaMbaI) / bhAprAsai.0-bhAratakI prAcIna sabhyatAkA itihAsa-saha ramezaca c| maha0 marAThI jaina itihaas| mani00 majiyama nikAya P. T.S. majjhimamamaiprAsmA0madAsa maisurake prAcIna jaina smAraka-tra zItalaprasAdajI mahA.-mahAvagga ( S. B. E., Vol. XVMI ) milinda milinda panha (S. B.E., Vol. XEKV). murA-mudrArAkSasa nATaka-ina dI hindU DAmeTika varkasa, vilasana / mUlA -mUlAcAra-vaskarasvAmI (hiMdI bhASA shit-bNbii)| maiazo0-azoka-maikaphaila kRta ( H. I. S.) maibu0-mainyula oNpha buddhijma-spena hArDI / ramAlakaraNDa prAvakAcAra-saM0 paM0. jugalakizorajI (bAI) / rAika-rAjapUtAnekA itihAsa, bhAga 1-rA. 0. paM. gokara hIrAcaMda ojhA / riha0 rilIjansa oNpha dI impAyara-(landana) / lAoNma0-lAipha oNpha mahAvIra-lA. mANikacaMdajI (ilAhAbAra) / nAmAi0 bhAratavarSakA itihAsa-lA* lAjapatarAyakRta (lAho) / lAma lArDa mahAvIra eNDa adara TIcarsa oNpha hija TAima-patAprasAda (dillii)| lAvabula lAipha eNDa basa maoNpha bubaghoSa-DaoN. vimalA lA (klkttaa)|

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(11) vRjeza nAd bana grandAmaMca-paM, bihArIlAlakhI caitanya / vira0 vidvadgalamAThA-paM. nAthUrAmajI premI (bNbii)| ava0mbhavaNabelagolA, rA0 ba0 pro0 narasiMhAcAra ema.e. (mpr)| acalapremikacaritra (suurt)| sako sambaktva kaumudii-(bmbii)| saje0-sanAtana jainadharma-anu0 kAmatAprasAda (kalakattA) / maMjaisaMkSipta jaina itihAsa-prathama bhAga-kAmatAprasAda (suurt)| saDiausama DisTinguiDa janma-umarAvasiMha TAMka (aagraa)| saMprAjesmA0 saMyukta prAntake prAcIna jaina smAraka-ba0 shiitlprsaadjii| masAijaikasTaDIja ina sAutha inDiyana jainIjma-pro. rAmAsvAmI bAryagara / sasR0-samrATa akabara aura sUrIzvara-muni vidyAvijayajI (aagraa)| sakSaTrAeGgama kSatrI TrAivsa ina enziyanTa inDiyA DaoN. vimalAcaraNa loN| sAmsa sAmsa oNpha dI bradarena / suni0-muttanipAta (S. B. E.) / hari0-harivaMzapurANa-zrI jinasenAcArya (klkttaa)| haoNje0-haoNTa oNpha jainIjma-miseja sTIvensana (lNdn)| himAha. himA -hisTrI oNpha dI Aryana rUla ina inDiyA-haivela / higlI0-hisTaoNrIkala glIningsa-DaoN. vimalAcaraNa laoN0 (chakattA). hiTe-hinda Telsa-je. je. meyarsa / hiDAva0hindU DrAmeTika bama-vilasan / hinIiphi0 hisTrI oNpha dI prI-bubisTika iMDiyana philaoNsaphIsammA (kalakattA) hili0-hisTrI eNDa liTrecara oNpha jainIjma-bArodiyA (1901) / hivi0hindI vizvakoSa-nagendranAtha vasu (klkttaa)| patrIlA kAtrInsa ina bubisTa iMDiyA-DaoN.vimatmacaraNa meN|

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zuddhayazuddhipatra / :: . . 14 :: : :: : : : AND paDa paMki azuddha pahalA khaNDa (600-188 I.pUrva) sakSadrAe i. sakSaTAe i. 5 17 upadezakA usa dezakA. ina , 22 ityAdi ityAdi asantI avantI assake assaka kAramahakala kAramAikila 1018 1918 22 zatAbdika zatAnIka prasenajI prasenajIta dhavaM saMbaMdha majjhima0 sa0 majjhima. 702 15 14 211-11 21 pR. 21 pATali svapnavAsadattA svapravAsavadattA - 23 3-ahiha. 3-oNhiha. 31 21 rakhanevAlI thI rakhanevAle the| 32 20 thii| 13 1 saMsthA saMkhyA bhabha. bhama. 5 paridhi meM phailA batalAyA paridhimeM phailA batalAtA 18 koglAga kollAga dvAdazAka dvAdazAka 255 pATIla ::::::::: thii| :

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(13 pRSTha 15 paMki azuddha 13 gayagaoNma __ 15 mahApuruSa 22 sakSadAe i. u0 60 15 koligrAma svarmA 'aindra' dazAna sakSyadrAe AIta nigaDo mahAdIra thii| nana huye the| matijJAnane Js. T. P. 193 mahAvIra 118 batalAI 23 135 Antri. 17 Tirthakar 26 roformer rAmagAma yaha mahApuruSa sakSaTAei. uda0 koTigrAma svarNa bhagavAnane 'aindra dazA sUtra sakSaTrAeDa. AIta nigaMTho mahAvIra thii|" nAma nahIM huye the| matijJAnake Js. I. P. 193 mahAvIra aura 68 jo batalAI pR0 35 Anti. Tirthakas roformer . . 33 prAvaNI 22 6-0 se| 21 Appendias mAvastI dekho| rada* Appendix

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Tr 78 pratighoSita samaya varNana mahAvIra par3ane mAnya hogaI vIra thaa| aura ve nagna rahe the| bhA0 7 pR. 1 bhama. AtmapipAsA kvAthatoya dIni0 glaisenAppa (Der jabimoso tIrthakaroM 22 azuddha pratiSoSTita samajha 76 3 varNanana mahAvIra bhI par3ene 1 19 hogaI vara 83 2 thA / bhA0 1 pR. 5 bhamabu. AtmapipasA 103 kAyatoSa dIti glasenAtha (Dev jaivioso 115 tIrthakarI 122 tuMgikAvya 227 143 149 . rohakanagara ___24 7-jaipra. pR. 228 pomaDama gaMgA nadiyoM aca (Pt. II 555 159 sthiti Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat .12 14 129 2 19 tuMgikAkhya 22 74 raurukanagara 7-jaipra0 pR0 234 popaDama gaMgA bhAdi nadiyo zreca. (Js. Pt. II tithi www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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169 10 harmA mAprArA. mAprAe0 koI ko 11 22 anyatra . . . . . . . . . anyathA pArastha pArastha 185 aira 191 14 192 saMsthA zAsana svIkAra karane agnicitA sabhI ulaTa niyama Atmavirsana upadeza pArasya pArasya aila saMkhyA bhAsana svIkAra na karane agni citAme kabhI utkaTa vinimaya Atma visarjana deza 22 03 thI zrI . dazA loka kaTiva 2.9 13 abuddha ki prathama " 22 bhAdI 114 Gournal 2204 zAsana 223 prAmIka mA0 pR. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat .... . . . kaTivapra prabuddha ki ve prathama bhAdi Journal zAsaka prAmika bhA0 1 pR. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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sadasya the corI nahIM dhana unakA bhApArA. upabhoga spAijai. pacha paMki azuddha madastha corI nahIM nahIM 231 22 kna 235 12 unakA hI 091110 upayoga sAijai. aihi. eNTiokasa DeonIse usakI 253 azokake ina 259 pAralaukikaka 22 Js. Pts. Id II 263 14 pApakI 2649 parAyaNake aipa eNTakasane DeonIsI usakI azoka 257 pAralaukika Js. Pts I & II azokakI pApakI parAyaNa 18 " pRSTha 269 ke phuTanoTakA pahalA zloka yahAM par3heM / kammina rukmina 282 289 ina zilAlekha ujanI zilAlekha unake rAjyake ujainI 297 . . . | "jaivijaya" prinTiMga presa, khapATiyA cakalA-sUrata-meM ___ mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApar3iyAne mudrita kiyaa| . .

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05 : ... wmmmmsentertainment zrImAn bAbU kAmatAprasAdajI jaina-alIgaMja / [isa aitihAsika granthake vidvAna lekhaka ] jainaviya presa-sarata. ... ............

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// OM zrImahAvIrAya namaH // saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / dUsarA bhAga / I0 san pUrva 600 se I0 sana 1300 taka / prAkkathana / janadharma manAtana hai / usakA prAkRta rUpa sarala satya hai / jaina dharmakA usakA nAmakaraNa hI yaha pragaTa karatA hai / 'jin' prAkRta rUpa / zabdase usakA nikAsa hai; jisakA artha hotA hai 'jItanevAlA' athavA 'vijayI' / dUsare zabdoM meM vijayI vIroMkA dharma hI jana dharma hai aura yaha vyAkhyA prAkRta sumaMgata hai / prakRti meM yaha bAta pargika rItime dRSTi par3a rahI hai ki pratyeka prANI vinayAkAMkSA rakhatA hai / vaha jo vastu usake sammukha AtI hai, usapara adhikAra jamAnA cAhatA hai aura apanI vijayapara Ananda, nRtya karane ko utsuka hai / abodha bAlaka bhayAnaka se bhayAnaka vastuko apane kAbU meM lAnA cAhatA hai| nirIha vanaspatiko le liijiye| eka ghAsa apane pAsavAlI ghAmako naSTa karanepara tulI huI milatI hai / isa vanaspati meM bhI avazya nIva hai; parantu vaha usa utkRSTa dazA meM nahIM hai, jisameM manuSya hai / kiMtu itanA hote huye bhI vaha prakRtike

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / maTala niyamase apane naisarsiga svabhAva-sadA vijayI rahanekI bhAvanAse vaMcita nahIM hai| ataeva vinayI honekA dharma prAkRta-anAdinidhana aura pUrNa satya hai| kintu prazna yaha hai ki manuSyako kipta prakAra vijaya pAnA hai ? kyA nisa vastuko vaha apane mAghIna karanA cAhe, usake liye yuddha ThAna de ? nahIM, manupyetara prANiyoMse manupyameM kucha vizeSatA hai| usake pAsa vivekabuddhi hai; jisase vaha satyAsatyakA nirNaya kara saktA hai| yaha vizeSatA anya jIvoMko nasIba nahIM hai / isa vivekabuddhike anusAra use vijaya-mArgameM agrasara honA samucita hai / aura viveka batalAtA hai ki jo anyAya hai, durguNa hai, burI vAsanA hai, usako parAsta karaneke liye karmakSetrameM mAnA manuSyamAtrakA kartavya hai| ThIka, yahI bAta jainadharma sikhAtA hai / vaha vijayI. vIroM kA dharma hai| usake caubIsa tIrthakara vIraziromaNi kSatrIkulake ratna the / unane paramotkRSTa jJAnako pAkara vinaya-mArga nirdiSTa kiyA thA-manuSyoM ko batalA diyA thA ki anAdikAlase nIva ajIvake phaMdemeM par3A huA hai / prakRtine cetana padArthako apane mAdhIna banA liyA hai| isa prakRtiko yadi parAsta kara diyA jAya to pUrNa vina. yakA paramAnanda prApta ho / usake liye kiptIkA Azraya lenA aura parAyA muMha tAkanA vRthA hai| manuSya apane pairoM khar3A hove aura burI vAsanAoM evaM kaSAyoM ko tabAha karake vinayI vIra bana jAve ! phira vaha svAdhIna hai| usake liye mAnanda hI Ananda hai| yaha prAkRta zikSA jainadharmakI abhedya prAcInatA pAra na milane kA praryApta uttara hai|

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praakkthn| 'makSipta jaina itihAsa ke prathamabhAgane jainadharmake saiddhAntika navI prAcInatA ullekhoM evaM anya zrotose usakI ajJAta aura bahu prAcInatAkA digdarzana karAyA jAcucha 24 tIrthakara / hai| mataH unakA yahAMpara duharAnA vRthA hai| jainadharma nisa samaya karmabhUmike isa kAlake prAraMbhameM punaH zrI RSabhadeva dvArA pratipAdita humA thA, usa samaya sabhyatAkA aruNodaya horahA thaa| yaha RSabhadeva izvAkvaMzI kSatrI rAjakumAra the aura hindu purANoM ke anupAra ve svayaMm manuse pAMcavI pITImeM huye batalAye gaye haiN| unheM hindU evaM bauddha zAstrakAra bhI sarvajJa, sarvadarzI aura isa yugake prArambha meM jainadharmakA prarUpaNa karanevAlA likhate haiN| hindu avatAroM meM vaha AThaveM mAne gaye haiM aura saMbhavataH vedoM meM bhI unhIMkA ullekha milatA hai / caudahaveM vAmana avatArakA ullekha nissandeha vedoMmeM hai / ataH vAmana avatArase pahale huye ATha avatAra RSabhadevakA ullekha ina manena vedoM meM honA yuktiyukta pratIta hotA hai / kucha bhI ho unakA ina vedoMse prAcIna honA siddha hai / ina RSabhadevakI mUrtiyAM mAnase DhAIhanAra varSa pahale bhI sammAna aura pRjya dRSTise isa bhAratamahIpara mAnyatA pAtI thiiN| inhIM RSabhadevake jyeSTha putra samrATa maratake nAmase yaha deza bhAratavarSa kahalAtA hai| RSamadevake uparAnta dIrghakAlake antarase kapavAra teIsa tIya. kara bhagavAna aura huye the| unhoMne parivartita dravya, kSetra, kAla, 1-saMkSipta bana itihAsa prathama bhAgako prastAvanA pRTa 26-30 / 2-bhAgavana 5:4, 5, 6|3-nyaayvind a. va satazAstra-'vIra' varSa / pR. 353 / 4-mAga, bhagavAna mahAvIra 10 / 5-vadhimomo. mA. 3 pR. 4.. /

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / bhAvake anusAra punaH vahI satya, vahI nirApada vijayamArga tAtkAlIna janatAko darzAyA thA / ina tIrthaMkaroMmeMse vIsaveM tIrthaMkara zrI munisuvratanAthanIke tIrthakAlameM zrI rAmacandranI aura lakSmaNanI huye the| bAIsaveM tIkara neminAthanIke samakAlIna zrI kRSNanI the; jinake sAtha zrI neminAthanIkI aitihAsikatAko vidvAna svIkAra karane lage haiM;" kyoMki bhagavAna pArzvanAthajIse pahale huye tIrthaGkaroMke Asa tvako pramANita karaneke liye spaSTa aitihAsika pramANa upalara nahIM haiN| kintu to bhI jaina purANoMke kathanase evaM Ajase karIba Dha I tIna hajAra varSa pahale bane huye pASANa avazeSoM athaca zila lekhoM va bauddha granthoM ke ullekhoMse zeSa jaina tIrthaGkaroM kI prAcIna mAnyatA aura phalataH unake astitvakA patA calatA hai / teIsaveM tIrthaGkA bhI pAzvanAthanAko aba harakoI eka aitihAsika mahApuruSa mAnanA hai aura antima tIrthaGkara bhagavAna mahAvIrajI ke jIvanakAlase nainadharma kA eka prAmANika itihAsa hameM mila jAtA hai / yaha mAnI huI bAta hai ki dharmAtmA vinA dharmakA mastatva ___ nahIM raha saktA hai| ataeva kisI dharmakA iti. jaina itihaas| hAsa usake mAnanevAloMkA pUrva-paricaya mAtra kahA jA maktA hai / jainadharmake prAtipAlaka loga jaina kahalAte haiM; 1-ipIgrephiyA inDikA bhA0 1 pR. 389 va sakSadrAe i0 bhUmikA pR0 4 / 2-mathuga kaMkAlI TIlekA prAcIna jaina stUpa Adi / 3-hAthI. guphAkA zilAlekha-javioso. bhA0 3 pR0 426-49. / 4-bha. mahAvIra aura ma0 buddha pR. 51 va lA. ma. pR. 30 / 5-hamArA bhagavAna pArzvanAtha' kI bhuumikaa|

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prAkkathana / [ 5 jinameM brAhmaNa, kSatrI, vaizya aura zUdra Adi sava hIkA samAveza huA samajhiye arthAta jaina hote huye bhI pratyeka vyaktikI jAti jyoMkI tyoM rahatI hai, isameM saMzaya nahIM hai; yadyapi kisI ajaina ke jainadharma meM dIkSita hote samaya usakI AjIvikA-vRtti aura rahanasahanake anusAra usako upayukta jAtimeM sammilita kiyA jA sakatA hai / ' ata: jainadharma viSayaka ima saMkSipta itihAsa meM jaina mahApuruSoMkA aura jainadharma sambandhI vizeSa ghaTanAoMkA paricaya evaM usakA prabhAva bhinna kAloMmeM usa samayakI paristhitipara kaiMsA par3A thA, yaha batalAnA iSTa hai / isake prathama bhAga meM bhagavAna pArzvanAthamI takA sAmAnya paricaya prakaTa kiyA jAcukA hai / isa bhAgameM bhagavAna mahAvIrajI ke samaya se uparAnta madhyakAlataka ke jaina itihAsako saMkSepameM prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai / prathama bhAga meM jaina bhUgolameM bhAratavarSakA sthAna aura usakA prAkRtarUpa AdikA paricaya karAyA nAcukA hai / sacamuca kisI dezakI prAkRtika sthitikA prabhAva apanI bhAratakI prAkRta svAsa vizeSatA rakhatA hai / upadezakA itihAsa dazAkA prabhAva / hI usa prabhAvake DhaMgapara Dhala jAtA hai| bhAratake viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki usakI prAkRtika sthitikA sAmAjika saMsthAoM aura manuSyoMkI rahanasahana para bar3A prabhAva par3A hai| dhIre bar3I bar3I nadiyoMki kinAre suramya nagara basa gaye jo kAlAntara meM vyApAra ke prasiddha kendra hogaye / mUmike urbarA honese deza meM dhana 1- AdipurANa parva 39 /

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~ ~ ~ ~ saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / ghAnyakI sadaiva pracuratA rahI / * isase sabhyatAke vikAsa meM bar3I sahAyatA milI / jaba manuSyakA citta zAnta rahatA hai aura jaba kisI prakAra unakA mana DA~vADola nahIM hotA tabhI lalitakalA, vijJAna aura ucca koTike sAhityakA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| prAcIna bhAratavAsiyoM ke jIvanako sukhamaya banAnevAle padArtha sulabha the / * isIlie usakI sabhyatA sadaiva agragaNya rhii| cAroM orase surakSita hone ke kAraNa bhAratakA anya dezoMse vizeSa samparka nahIM huA, phalataH yahAM sAmAnika saMsthAeM aisI dRr3ha hogaI ki unake bandhanoMkA DhIlA karanA aba bhI kaThina pratIta hotA hai| yahAMke mUla nivAsiyoMpara bAharI AkramaNakAriyoM kA kabhI adhika prabhAva nahIM par3A / jo anya dezoMse bhI Aye ve yahAMkI janatAmeM mila gaye aura unhoMne tatkAlIna pracalita dharma aura rItirivAjoMko apanA * samrATa candraguptake samayameM bhAratameM Ae hue yUnAnI lekhakoMke nimna vAkya isa khUbiyoko acchI taraha prakaTa kara dete haiN| megasthanIja likhatA hai:-"bhAratameM bahutase bar3e parvata hai, jinapara hara prakArake phala-phUla denevAle vRkSa bahutAyatase hai aura kaI lambe caur3e upajAU maidAna haiM; jinameM nadiyAM bahatI hai| pRthivIkA bahubhAga jalase sIMcA huA milatA hai; jisase phasala bhI khUba hotI hai|...bhaartvaasiyoNke jIvanako sukhamaya banAnevAlI sAmagrI sulabha hai, isa kAraNa unakA zarIra gaThana bhI utkRSTa hai aura vaha apanI sammAnayukta zikSA-dIkSAke kAraNa sabameM alaga najara par3ate haiM / lalita kalAoM meM bhI ve vizeSa paTu hai / phaloke atirikta bhUgarbhase unheM sonA, cAMdI, tAmbA, lohA, ityAdi dhAtueM bhI bAhulyatAse prApta hai| isIliye kahate hai ki bhAratameM kabhI akAla nahIM * par3A aura na yahAM khAdya padArthakI kaThinAI kabhI agAr3I aaii|" krinDala, aiziyenTa inDiyA, pR. 30-320

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prAkkathana / liyaa| apane dezameM saba prakArakI suvidhA honeke kAraNa bhAratavAsiyoMne sAMsArika viSayoM ko chor3akara paramArthakI ora adhika dhyAna diyA / yahI kAraNa hai ki prAcIna kAlameM AdhyAtmika unnati madhika huI aura hindu samAnameM adbhuta tatvajJAnI hue I+ isa sthitise katipaya vidvAn bhAratakI kucha hAni huI khayAla karate haiM / unakA anumAna hai ki deza kI pracura sampattise AkarSita hokara manekavAra videziyoMke bhAratapara AkramaNa hue aura usameM unane khuba aMdhAdhuMdhI macAI / uparokta sthitike kAraNa bhAratavAsI unakA mukAbilA karane ke liye paryApta balavAna na rahe; kintu unake isa kathanameM, aitihAsika dRSTise, bahuta hI kama tathya hai| tattvajJAnakI adbhuta unnati bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddha ke samayameM khuba huI thii| usasamaya dezake eka chorase dusare chorataka AdhyAtmika bhAvoMkI lahara daur3a rahI thI; kintu usase logoMmeM bhIrutAkA samAveza nahIM huA thaa| vaha jIvake amarapanemeM dRr3ha vizvAsa rakhate the aura yahI kAraNa thA ki antima nandarAjAke samayameM hue sikaMdara mahAnake mAkramaNakA bhAratIyoMne bar3I vIratAke sAtha mukAbalA kiyA thaa| yahAMtaka ki bhAratIya senAkI dRr3hatA aura tatparatA dekhakara yunAnI senAke Asana pahalese bhI aura DhIle hogaye the| phalataH sikandara apane nizcayako saphala nahIM banA sakA thaa| isake uparAnta candragupta mauyane usa hI mAdhyAtmika sthitike madhya nisa satsAhasakA paricaya diyA thA, vaha vidvAnoMke uparoka kathanako sarvathA nimUla kara detA hai| samrATa candragupta maurya ne yUnAni__ + bhAratavarSA itihAsa pR. 1..

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8 ] saMkSipta itihAsa | yoMko bhAratavarSakI sImAoMse bAhara nikAla diyA thA aura yUnAniyoMse aphagAnistAna vartI eriyAnA pradeza bhI le liyA thA / yUnAnI rAjA selyUkamane vinamra ho apanI kanyA bhI candraguptako bheMTakara dI thI / isa prakAra jabataka tattvajJAnakI lahara viveka bhAva se bhAratavasuMdharA para bahatI rahI, tabataka isa dezakI kucha bhI hAni nahIM huI, kintu jyoMhI tattvajJAnakA sthAna sAmpradAyika moha aura vidveSako milagayA, tyoMhI isa dezakA sarvanAza honA prAraMbha hogayA / hUNa athavA zakalogoMke AkramaNa, jo uparAnta bhAratapara huye; unameM una videziyoMko saphalatA paraspara meM phaile huye isa sAmpradAyika vidveSake kAraNa hI milii| aura phira pichale jamAne meM musalamAna, AkramaNakArI rAjapUtoMpara pArasparika ekatA aura saMgaThana ke abhAva meM vijayI huye / varan koI nahIM kaha saktA hai ki rAjapUtoM meM vIratA nahIM thI / ataeva AdhyAtmika tattvake bahupracAra hone se isa dezakI hAni huI khyAla karanA nirIha bhUla hai / Ajase karIba DhAIhajAra varSa pahile bhI bhAratakI AkRti prAcIna bhAratakA aura vistAra prAyaH Ajakala ke samAna thA / svarUpa / saubhAgya se usa samaya sikandara mahAn ke sAtha Aye huye yUnAnI lekhakoM kI sAkSIse usa samayake bhAratakA AkAravistAra vidita hojAtA hai| megAsthanIja kahatA hai ki usa samayakA bhArata samacaturAkAra (Quadrilateral ) thA / pUrvIya aura dakSiNIya sImAyeM samudra se veSTita thIM; kintu uttarIyabhAga himAlaya parvata (Mount Hemodos ) dvArA zAkyadeza ( Skythia ) se prathaka kara diyA gayA thA / pazcimameM bhArata kI sImAko siMdhunadI

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pAkkathana / [9 prakaTa karatI thI, jo usa samaya saMsArabharameM nIlanadIke atirikta sabase bar3I mAnI jAtI thii| sAre dezakA vistAra arthAt pUrvase pazcimataka 1149 mIla aura uttarase dakSiNataka 1838 mIla thaa| yaha varNana bhAratakI vartamAna AkRtise prAyaH ThIka baiThatA hai| jisa prakAra bhArata mAna eka mahAdvIpa hai, usI prakAra taba thA / Ana 'isa dezakI uttarI sthalasImA 1600 mIla, pUrvapazcimakI sImA lagabhaga 1200 aura pUrvottara sImA lagabhaga 500 mIla hai / samudrataTakA vistAra lagamaga 3500 mIla hai / ' kula kSetraphala 18,02,657 vargamIla hai| hAM, eka bAta usa samaya avazya vizeSa thI aura vaha yaha thI ki candragupta mauryane yUnAnI rAnA selyUkasako parAsta karake aphagAnimtAna, kAMdhAra mAdi pazcima sImAvartI deza bhI bhArata meM sammilita kara liye the| bhAratake vividha prAntoMmeM paraspara eka dUsarese vibhinnatA pAI jAtI hai aura yahAM ke nivAsI manuSya bhI saba bhAratakI ektaa| 'eka nasalake nahIM haiN| megasthanIja bhI batalAtA hai ki bhAratakI vRhat mArutiko eka hI deza lete huye, usameM aneka bhaura bhinna jAtiyoMke manuSya rahate milate haiM; kintu unamese eka bhI kisI videzI nasalake vaMzana nahIM the| unake AcAravicAra prAyaH eka dusarese bahuta milate julate the| isI kAraNa cUnAnI bhI sAre dezako eka hI mAnate the aura sikandara mahAnkI bamilApA bhI samagra dezapara apamA sikkA jamAnekI thii| bhAratIya 1-mee 3. pR. 30|2-puurv pR. 15 /

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / rAjA-mahArAjA bhI sAre dezapara apanA Adhipatya phailAnA Avazyaka samajhate the| sArAMzataH prAcInakAlase hI bhaugolika dRSTise sArA deza eka hI samajhA jAtA rahA hai / aba bhI yaha bAta jyoMkI tyoM hai| bhArata eka deza hai aura usakI maulika ekatAkA bhAva yahAMke nivAsiyoMmeM sadA rahA hai| kintu isa maulika ekatAke hote huye bhI, jisa prakAra vartamAnameM bhArata aneka prAntoMmeM vibhakta hai, usI prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke samayameM bhI baMTA huA thaa| isa samaya aura usa samayake bhAratakI rAjanaitika paristhitimeM bar3A bhArI aMtara yaha thA ki bhAja samUcA bhArata eka sAmrAjyake antargata zAsita hai, kintu usa samaya yaha deza bhinna2 rAjAoMke AdhIna athavA prajAtaMtra saMghoMkI chatrachAyAmeM thaa| hAM, azoka mauryake samaya bhava. zya hI prAyaH sArA bhArata usake AdhIna hogayA thA / ma. gautamabuddhake janmake pahilese bhArata solaha rAjyoM meM tatkAlIna makhya vibhakta thA; kintu jainazAstra batalAte haiM ki raajy| ina solaha rAjyoMke astitvameM Aneke jarA hI pahile sArvabhauma cakravartI samrAT brahmadattake samayameM bhArata sAmrAjya eka thA aura usakI rAjya vyavasthA samrATa brahmadattake AdhIna thii| samrAT brahmadattakA ghora patana usake atyAcAroMke kAraNa huA aura usakI mRtyuke sAtha hI bhArata sAmrAjya titara-vitara hokara nimnalikhita solaha rAjyoMmeM baMTagayA:-- (1) maGga-rAjadhAnI campA; (2) magaSa-rAjadhAnI rAjagRha, (3) kAzI-rA. pA. banArasa; (4) kauzala (mAdhunika nepAla) rA. zrAvastI; (1) bajjiyana-rA. vaizAlI; (6) malla-rA. pAvA

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prAkkathana / [11 aura kusInArA; (7) cetIyagaNa-uttarIya parvatoMmeM avasthita thA; (8) vansa yA vatsa-rA0 kauzAmbI; (9) kuru-indraprastha; isake pUrvameM pAJcAla aura dakSiNameM matsya thA / ratthapAla kuruvaMzI saradAra the; (10) pAJcAla-kurudezake pUrvameM parvatoM aura gaMgAke madhya avasthita thA aura do vibhAgoMmeM vibhakta thA; rA0 dhA0 kAMpilya aura kannauna thIM; (11) matsya-kuruke dakSiNameM aura jamanAke pazcimameM yA; (12) murasena-jamanAke pazcimameM aura matsya ke dakSiNa-pazcimameM thA; rA0 mathurA; (13) assaka-asantIse pare, rA0 dhA0 potalI yA potana; (14) avantI-rA ujjayanI; IsAkI dUsarI zatAbdi taka avantI kahalAI: kintu 7vIM, 8vIM zatAbdike uparAnta yaha mAlavA kahalAne lagI; (15) gAndhAra-mAjakalakA kAndhAra hai-rA. takSazilA, rAjA prAkusAti aura (16) kambona-uttarapazcimake TeTha chorapara thI, rAjadhAnI dvArikA thii|' kintu uparAnta ma. gautamabuddha ke jIvanakAlameM kauzalakA madhikAra kAzIpara hogayA thA; maGgapara magadhAdhipane adhikAra jamA liyA thA aura massake loga saMbhavataH bhavantIke AdhIna hogaye the| isaprakAra usa samayake bhAratakI dazA thii| inameM magadharAjya pramukha thA aura 'zizunAgavaMza ke rAjA vahAM rAjya karate the / usasamaya jaina dharmake atirikta vaidika aura bauddhadharma vizeSa ullekhanIya the / usasamaya yahAMke nivAsiyoM kI saMkhyA mAnase kama yA jyAdA thI, yaha vidita nahIM hotA; kintu bhAna bhAratakI janasaMkhyA tIsakaror3ase maSika, misameM sirpha 1205235 jenI haiN| 1-dunisTa iMDiyA pR. 21 / 2-mapa0, pR. 62 /

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / zizunAga vNsh| (I0 pUrva 645 se I0 pUrva 480) IsAse pUrva chaThI zatAbdimeM bhAratameM sarva pramukha rAjya magazizanAgavaMzakI dhakA thA aura isI rAjyake paricayase bhAratakA utptti| eka vizvasanIya itihAsa prArambha hotA hai| usasamaya yahAMkA rAjyazAsana zizunAgavaMzI kSatrI rAjAoMke adhikArameM thaa| isa vaMzakI utpattike viSayameM kahA jAtA hai ki mahAbhArata yuddha meM yahAM candravaMzI kSatriyoMkA zAsanAdhikAra thA; kintu isa yuddha meM zrIkRSNake hAthase jarAsindhuke mAre jAneke uparAnta naba jarAsindhukA aMtima vaMzana ripuMjaya magadhakA rAnA thA, taba isake maMtrI zukanadevane vi0 saM0 se 677 varSa pUrva use mAraDAlA aura apane putra pradyotanako magadhakA rAjA banA diyA thaa| pradyotanake vaMzanoMmeM vi0 saM ke 677 varSa pUrvase 585 varSa pUrvataka pAlaka, vizAkhayUpa, janaka aura nandivarddhanane rAjya kiyA / inake pazcAt isa vaMzake pAMcaveM rAnA zizunAga nAmaka huye the| yaha rAnA bar3A parAkramI, pratApI aura aisA lokapriya thA ki bhagAr3I yaha vaMza isIke nAmapara 'zizunAgavaeNza' ke nAmase prasiddha huA / jainazAstroMse isa vaMzakA bhI kSatrI honA siddha hai| vi. saM0 ke 585 varSa pUrvase 423 varSa pUrvataka (I0 pUrva 642 se 480) taka rAjA zizunAgase isa vaMzameM nimnaprakAra daza rAnA hue the:-(1) zizunAga, (2) kAkavaNaM yA zAkaparNa, (3) dharmakSepaNa, (4) kSatrauna (kSemanita, kSetrajJa, yA upazreNi), (6) zreNika

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zizunAga vNsh| [13 vimbasAra (vindhyamAra, vindUpAra yA vidhimAra ), (6) kuNika yA majAtazatru, (7) darabhaka (darzaka, harSaka yA vaMzaka); (8) udayAzva (udAsI, anaya, udayI, udayan yA udayabhadraka); (9) nandivarddhana (anuruddhaka yA muMDa) aura (10) mahAnandi / rAnA kSatrauna athavA upazreNika prasiddha mamrAT zreNika bimbabhaujasa athavA sArake pitA the : yaha magadhake choTese rAjyapara upazcaNika / zAsana karate the aura inakI rAjadhAnI prAcIna rAmagRha thii| zizunAga vaMzake yaha cauthe ganA the aura bar3e dharmAsmA evaM zUravIra the / jaina zAstra kahate haiM ki inhoMne AsapAsake rAjAoM ko apane AdhIna banA liyA thaa| usa samaya candrapurakA rAnA momazarmA apane parAkramake samakSa anya sabako tuccha ginatA thA, kintu mahAgana upazreNakane use bhI parAsta kara diyA thaa| candrapura magadhake nikaTa hI batAyA gayA hai| isa rAnAne upaNikakI bheMTameM eka ghor3A bhenA thA / vaha ghor3A eka divasa upazreNikako bhIloMkI eka pallImeM le pahuMcA thA jahAM bhIla rAnA yamadaMDakI kanyA tilakavatIke rUpalAvaNyapara vaha mugdha hogaye the aura usake putrako rAjyAdhikArI banAne kA vacana dekara unhoMne use apanI rAnI banAyA thaa| isa tilakAvatIse cilAtaputra nAmaka putra humA thaa| -vRjeza, pR0 167 yaha varNana saMbhavataH hindU purANoM ke AdhArase hai| jainapranyo meM isa vaMzakA paricaya upapreNikase milatA hai| 2-preNika naritra pR0 20 / 3-bhArAdhanA kathAkoSa mA0 3 0 33 /

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14 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | kintu rAjA upazreNikakI paTTarAnI indrANI nAmaka kSatrI kanyA thI / unake garbha se samrAT zreNika bimba zreNika vimbasAra / sArakA janma huA thA / upazreNika ke pazcAt magadharAjya ke adhikArI zreNika mahArAja hI hue the; yadyapi mahArAja upazreNikake dehAMta honeke pazcAt nAma mAtrako kucha dinoMke liye magadha ke rAjya siMhAsana para cilAta putra bhI AsIna huA thA / kintu usake anyAyase dukhI hokara prajAne zreNika bisArako rAjya siMhAsana para baiThAyA thA / cilAtaputra prANa lekara bhAgA aura mArga baibhAra parvata para munisaMghako dekha vaha vahAM pahuMcakara dattamuni nAmaka AcArya se jaina sAdhukI dIkSA lekara tapazcaraNameM laga gayA thA / vaha zIghra hI isa nazvara zarIrako chor3akara sarvArthasiddhi nAmaka vimAnameM deva huA / idhara samrAT zreNika vimbasAra rAjyAdhikArI hue aura nIti pUrvaka prajAkA pAlana karane lage the / bhAratIya itihAsameM yahI pahilA rAjA hai, jisake viSaya meM kucha aitihAsika vRttAMta mAlUma huA hai / jisa samaya cilAtaputrako upazreNikane rAjA banAyA thA, zreNikakA prAraMbhika usa samaya unhoMne zreNikako deza se nirvAsita jIvana ! kara diyA thA | aneka zAstroM aura kSatrIdharmakI pradhAna zastra vidyAmeM nipuNa vIra zreNika, pitAkI AjJAko ThIka rAmacandrajIkI taraha zirodhArya karake apanI janmabhUmiko chor3akara cale gaye the / vaha veNapadma nAmaka nagara meM pahuMcakara somazarmA nAmaka brAhmaNake yahAM atithi rahe the / somazarmAkI yuvA putrI nandazrI 1-A0 ka0 bhA0 3 pR0 36 /

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~ ~ zizunAga vaMza / [15 inake guNoMpara mugdha hogaI thI aura antameM usakA vivAha mahArAja zreNikake sAtha hogayA thaa| isI nandazrIse zreNikake jyeSTha putra mabhayakumArakA janma huA thaa| zreNikake rAnasampanna honeke pazcAt dakSiNa bhAratake kerala nareza mRgAMkane apanI kanyA vilAsavatIkA vivAha bhI unake sAtha kara diyA thaa| bauddhoMke tivbatIya dulvameM zAyada inhIM kA ullekha vAsavIke nAmase huA hai| jahAM vaha eka sAdhAraNa licchavinAyakI putrI aura zreNikake dusare putra kuNika ajAtazatrukI mAtA pragaTa kI gaI hai, kintu yaha kathana bauddhoMke pAlI granthoM kI mAnyatAse bAdhita hai| pAlI granthoM meM kahIM unheM zAlIkI vezyA bhAmrapAlIke garbha aura zreNikake aurasase janmA batalAyA hai aura kahIM unheM ujjainIkI vezyA padmAvatIkI kokhase janmA likhA hai| aisI dazAmeM unake kathana vizvAsa karane ke yogya nahIM haiM / mAnma aisA hotA hai ki kuNika manAtazatru apane prAraMbhika aura aMtima jIvanameM jainadharmAnuyAyI thA aura vaha bauddha saMghake drohI devadatta nAmaka sAdhuke bahakAve meM bhAgayA thA, inhIM kAraNoMse bauddhoMne sAmpradAyika vidveSavaza aisI nirAdhAra va bharsanA pUrNa bAteM unake sambaMdha likha mArI haiN| varan svayaM unhIMke grathoMse pragaTa hai ki manAtazatru 1-preNika caritra (pR. 61) naMdanIko vaidaya indradatta seTokI putrI likhA hai, kintu usase prAcIna 'uttarapurANa' meM vaha brahmaNa kanyA batAI gaI hai| u0 pu. pR. 620 / 2-0 ca. pR. 19|3-hmaaraa * bhagavAna mahAvIra' 10 138 va kSatrI sa. pR. 125-128 / 4-oNkahila, lAipha oNpha dI buda, pR. 64 / 5-dI sAmsa oNpha dI simTasa, pR. 30 /

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saMkSipta jaina itihaas| videhakI rAjakumArIkA putra thA, jo vaidehI-celanA athavA zrIbhadrA yA bhadrA kahalAtI thii| kuNika bhI apanI mAtAkI apekSA vaidehI putra' ke nAmase prakhyAta thaa| jaina zAstra bhI celanIko vaizAlIke rAjA ceTakakI putrI batalAte haiN| celanI bhagavAn mahAvIrakI mausI thii| jisa samaya cela. nIkA vivAha samrAT zreNikake sAtha huA thA, usasamaya vaha bauddha thA; kintu uparAMta mahArANI celanIke prayatnase vaha jainadharmAnuyAyI hubhA thaa| bauddha dharmake liye unhoMne kucha vizeSa kArya nahIM kiyA thA aura vaha bahuta dinoM taka bauddha rahe bhI nahIM the; yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddha granthoM meM unakA ullekha kAThanatAse milatA hai / mahA. rANI celanIke atirikta kauzalakI eka rAjakumArI bhI mamrATa zreNikakI patnI thiiN| kintu ina sabameM paTarAnI (mahAdevI )kA pada celanIko hI prApta thaa| celanI jainadharma kI parama bhakta thI aura jainadharmakI prabhAvanAke liye isane aneka kArya kiye the| isake anAtazatruke atirikta cha putra aura huye the; arthAt (1) anAtazatru (kuNika vA akrUra ), (.; vAriSeNa, (3) halla, (4) vidala, (5) jitazatru, (6) gajakumAra (daMtikumAra) aura (7) meghakumAra / kiMtu inakA mauserA bhAI abhayakumAra ina sabase bar3A thA aura vaha jaina muni honeke pahale taka yuvarAja rahA thA / __manAtazatrukI bahina guNavatI nAmakI thI aura dUsarI mauserI 1-bha0 ma0 pR0 143 / 2-30 pu0, pR0 634 zve0 niryAvalI sutrameM bhI unheM rAjA ceTakakI putrI likhA hai| Gs., Vol xxII, Intro. pp. XIII. 3-bha0 ma0 pR0 134-151 /

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zizunAga vaMza / [ 17 bahina mahAgaNI vilAsavatI kI putrI padmAvatI thI / guNavatIkA vivAha ujenIke prasiddha aura vizeSa guNa saMpanna vaizya putra dhanyakumAra ke sAtha huA thA / guNavatI svayaM dhanyakumArake guNoMpara mugdha huI thI aura antataH usako uttama kulakA pAkara samrAT zreNikane guNavatIkA pANigrahaNa zreSThI putrake sAtha kara diyA thA / zvetAMbarAnAyake granthoM zreNika kI daza rAniyAM batAI gaI haiM, jinhoMne candanA Arthika ke nikaTa zAstra adhyayana kiyA thA / ( 4 a0 ) inake putra pautra jaina muni huye the / 2 jisa prakAra samrAT zreNikakA kauTuMbika jIvana Anandamaya zreNika vimbasAra aura thA, usI prakAra unakI rAjanIti kuzAgraanya rAjya / tAke kAraNa unakA rAjanaitika jIvana bhI gaurava pUrNa thaa| mahArAna upazreNikane magadha rAjyake nikaTavartI choTe rAjAoM ko apane adhIna kara liyA thA / samrAT zreNika ne unase agAr3I bar3hakara nikaTake aMgadezako jIta liyA aura use apane rAjya meM milA liyA / magadha rAjyakI unnatikA sUtrapAta isI aMgadezakI jIta se huA aura isa kAraNa zreNika bimbamArako yadi magadha sAmrAjyakA saccA saMsthApaka kaheM to anucita nahIM hai / 3 aMgadeza usasamaya Ajakala ke bhAgalapura aura muMgera jiloM ke barAbara thA aura vahAM kA zAsana kuNika ajAtazatru ke supurda thA / zreNika bimbasArakA eka anya yuddha vaizAlIke rAjA ceTaka se bhI 1- bRhad jaina zabdArNava, bhA0 10 25 va 167 / 2 - dhanyakumAracarita parva 6 a* iMai0 bhA0 20 pR0 18 / 3- adi 60 pR0 33 /

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18 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | - huA thA; kintu usakA anta paraspara meM sandhi hokara hogayA thA / ' kahate haiM ki isI sandhike uparAnta zreNikakA vivAha kumArI celanIke sAtha huA thA / samrAT zreNika bimbasAra ne apane bar3hate hue rAjyabalako dekhakara hI zAyada eka naI rAjadhAnI - navIna rAjagRhakI nIMva DAlI thI / unane apane par3osake do mahAzaktizAlI rAjyoMkauzala aura vaizAlI se sambandha sthApita karake apanI rAjanIti kuzalatAkA paricaya diyA thA ina sambandhoM se unakI zakti aura pratiSThA adhika bar3ha gaI thii| 3 Adhunika vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki samrAT bimbasArane san I0 se pUrva 582 se 154 varSa taka kula 28 varSa rAjya kiyA thA / kintu bauddha granthoMmeM unheM pandraha varSa kI avasthA meM siMhAsanArUr3ha hokara 52 varSa taka rAjya karate likhA hai / (dIpavaMza 3 - 16 - 10 ) vaha ma0 buddha se pAMca varSa choTe the / * phArasa (Persia) kA bAdazAha dArA (Darias) inhIMkA samakAlIna thA aura usane siMdhunadIvartI pradezako apane rAjyameM milA liyA thA / kintu dArAke uparAMta cauthI zatAbdi I0 50 ke ArambhameM jaba phArasakA sAmrAjya durbala hogayA, taba yaha saba punaH svAdhIna hogaye the / itanepara bhI isa vijayakA prabhAva bhAratapara sthAyI rahA / yahAM eka naI lipi 1-kAra mAikala levacarta, 1018, pR0 74 / 2 - ahi0, pR0 33 | 3- ava0, pR0 4 / 4- oNhii0, pR0 45 / * mi0 kAzIprasAda jAyasavAlane zreNikakA rAjya kAlaM 51 varSa ( 601-552 I0 pUrva ) likhA hai| kauzAMbIke parantapa zatAvdiva AvastIke prasenajI samakAlIna rAjA the / jIva oso bhA0 104 // L !

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zizunAga vaMza / [ 19 jise kharoSTI lipi kahate haiM, pracalita ho gaI aura yahAM ke zilpa para bhI phAramakI kalAkA prabhAva par3A thA / samra zreNika ke rAjya ghataMtra meM jainoM kA kahanA hai ki 'unake rAjya karate samaya na to rAjyameM kisI prakArakI anIti thI aura na kisI prakArakA bhaya hI thA, kintu prajA acchI taraha sukhAnubhava karatI thI / ' jainaghamaMke itihAsa meM zreNika vimvapArako pramukhasthAna prApta hai / zreNika vidhvasAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samozaraNa (bhAgRha) meM vaha jaina the aura unakA mukhya zrotA the / jainoM kI mAnyatA hai ki yadi dhArmika jIvana / zreNika mahArAja bhagavAna mahAvIrajIse sATha hajAra prazna nahIM karate, to Aja jainadharmakA nAma bhI sunAI nahIM par3atA ! kiMtu abhAgyavaza ina itane praznoM meM se Aja hameM ani alpa saMkhyaka praznoM kA uttara milatA hai / prAyaH jitane bhI purANa grantha milate haiM, vaha saba bhagavAna mahAvIrake mamozaraNa meM zreNika mahArAja dvArA kiye gaye prazna ke uttara meM pratipAdita huye milane haiN| jainAcAryoM kI ima paripATIse mahArAja zreNikakI dharma jo pradhAnatA hai, vaha spaSTa hojAtI hai| zreNika mahArAnako bauddha apane dharmakA anuyAyI batalAte haiM; kiMtu bauddhoM kA yaha dAvA unake prArambhika jIvana ke sambandhameM Thoka hai / avazeSa jIvanameM vaha pake I jainadharmAnuyAyI the / yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddha graMthoM meM unake aMtima jIvana ke viSaya meM ghRNita aura kaTuka varNana milatA hai, jaise ki hama agAr3I dekheMge / jaba zreNika mahArAnako jainadharmameM dRr3ha ajJAna hogayA thA, 1- mAi0 50 54 / 2-ma0 20 10 138-148 /

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20] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / taba unhoMne jainadharma prabhAvanAke liye aneka kArya kiye the| jaka jaba bhagavAna mahAvIrakA samozaraNa rAjagRha ke nikaTa vipulAcala parvata para pahuMcA thA, taba taba unhoMne rAjadundubhi banavAkara saparivAra aura prajA sahita bhagavAnakI vandanA kI thii| unhoMne kaI eka jaina maMdira banavAye the| sammedazikhara para jo jana tIrthaMkaroM ke samAdhi maMdira aura unameM caraNacihna virAnamAna haiM, unako sabase pahile phirase samra T zreNikane hI banavAyA thA / inake sivAyaH jainadharmake liye unhoN| aura kyA 2 kArya kiye, isako jAnaneke liye hamare pAsa paryApta sAdhana nahIM hai / to bhI jaina zAstroMke madhyayanase unake vizeSa kAryoM kA patA khuba calatA hai aura yaha spaSTa honAtA hai ki isa rAjavaMzameM jainadharmakI gati vizeSa thii| zreNike putroM se kaI bhagavAna mahAvIrake nikaTa jaina muni hogaye the| smra Ta Naka kSAyi samyagdRSTI the parantu vaha vratoM kA abhyAsa nahIM kara sake the / ipayA bhI vaha apane dharmapremake aTUTa puNya pratApase AgAmI padmanAma nAmaka prathama tIrthakara hoNge| Upara kahA jAcukA hai ki samrAT zreNikake jyeSTha putra mabha yakumAra the aura vahI yuvarAja padapara rahakara yuvarAma abhykumaar| bahuta dinoMtaka rAjyazAsanameM apane pitAkA hAtha baTAte rahe the / phalataH magadhakA rAjya bhI bahAra dUrataka phaila gayA the| apane pitAke samAna abhayakumAra bhI eka samaya bauddha the; kiMtu upaganta vaha bhI jainadharmake paramabhakta huye the| bauDagranyase 1-sva0 binsenTa smitha sAhabane unheM eka jaina rAjA pragaTa kiyA hai| oNhii. 10 45 / 2-aiziyATika sosAiTI barnala, janavarI 1824 va bha. ma. pR. 147 / 3-bhAi, pR0 54 / -

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zizunAga vNsh| bhI patA calatA hai ki vaha avazya hI bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke paramabhakta aura zraddhAlu the; kiMtu unake isa kathanameM tathya nahIM dikhatA ki vaha bauddha bhikSu hogaye the / hAM, jaina graMthoMse yaha prasTa hai ki apane prAraMbhika jIvanameM abhayakumAra avazya bauddha rahe the / abhayakumAra Ajanma brahmacArI rahe the / vaha yuvAvasthAmeM hI udAptIna vRttike the / unane isa bAtakI koziza bhI kI thI ki vaha jaldI jaina muni honA; kintu vaha sahamA pitR AjJAkA ullaMghana nahIM kara sake the| gRhastha dazAmeM unane zrAvakoMke vratoMkA abhyAsa kiyA thA aura phira apane mAtA-pitAko samajhA bujhAkara vaha jaina muni hogaye the| apane pitAke sAtha vaha kaI vAra bhagavAn mahAvIrajIke darzana kara cuke the aura unake nikaTase apane pUrvabhava sunakara unheM mainadharma meM zraddhA huI thii| abhayakumAra apanI buddhimattA aura cAritra niSThAke liye rAjagRhameM prakhyAta the / zvetAMbarIya zAstroMkA kathana hai ki gRhastha dazAmeM abhayakumArane apane mitra eka yavana rAjakumArako, jisakA nAma madrika thA, jainadharmakA zraddhAnI banAyA thaa| isa mAIkane eka bhAratIya 15-najimama0 sa0 mA0 1 pR. 352 / 2-bhamabu0, pR0 191-. 194 / 37-preca0, pR. 137 / 4-hiMbA0, pR0 11 va 92 0 sUtrakRtAMgameM inako lakSya karake eka vyAkhyAna likhA gayA hai| (S. B. E., XLV., 400) yaha yavana batAye gaye hai, jisase bhAva yUnAnI athavA IrAnI (Persian) ke hote hai / hamAre vicArase isakA IrAnI honA ThIka; kyoMki usa samaya IrAna (phArasa ) kA hI dhaniSTha samparka bhAratame pA aura jaina maMtrI rAkSasake sahAyakomeM bhI phArasakA nAma, purA. .

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22] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| nahilAke sAtha vivAha kiyA thA aura pazcAta vaha bhI jaina muni hogayA thaa| abhayakumArane bhagavAna mahAvIrake mukhya gaNadhara indrabhUti gautamake nikaTa jaina munikI dIkSA grahaNa kI thI aura aMtameM karmoM kA nAza karake vipulAcala parvataparase vaha avyAbAdha mokSamukhako prApta huye the| abhayakumArake jaina muni ho jAneke uparAnta yuvarAja pada zreNikakA antima kuNika ajAtazatruko milA thaa| kintu nIvana aura ajAtazatru vaha isa padapara adhika dina AsIna nahIM bauddhase phira jain| raha sakA / zreNika mahArAja apano vRddha avasthA dekhakara Atmahita cintanAmeM zIghra hI vyasta hue the| eka roja unhoMne apane sAmantoMko ikaTThA kiyA aura unakI sammatipUrvaka bar3e samArohake sAtha apanA vizAla rAjya yuvarAja kuNika majAtazatruko dediyaa| ve nItipUrvaka prajAkA pAlana karane lage the| udhara samrATa zreNika ekAntameM rahakara dharmasAdhana karane meM saMlagna hue the / yaha ghaTanA I0 pU0 san 154 meM ghaTita huI anumAna - kI jAtI hai. aura cUMki bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANa I0 pU0 san 145 meM huA thA, isaliye bhagavAnake jIvanakAla meM hI zreNikakA antima jIvana vyatIta huA pragaTa hotA hai| kuNika ajAtazatruke rAjyAdhikArI honeke kiMcita kAla pazcAta hI unakA vyavahAra zreNika mahArAjake prati burA hone lagA thaa| anagAla kahate haiM ki pUrva vaira ke kAraNa ajAtazatrune unako kATha pIjo meM baMda kara diyA aura vaha unheM manamAne duHkha dene lagA thaa| kintu 1 -pra0 pR0 230 / 2-mahii., pR. 36 /

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zizunAga vNsh| [23 bauddha graMthoMse patA calatA hai ki usane yaha duSTa kArya devadatta nAmaka eka bauddhasaMghadrohI sAdhuke bahakAnese kiyA thaa| kuNika ajAtazatrukA samparka bauddha saMghase usa samayase thA, jaba vaha rAjakumAra hI thaa| aura aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki isa samaya vaha bauddhabhakta hogayA thA aura apane pitAko kaSTa dene lagA thA kyoMki vaha jainadharmAnuyAyI the / apane jIvana ke prAraMbhameM majAtazatru bhI jaina thA; yahI kAraNa hai ki unako bauddhagraMthoMmeM taba 'saba duSkarmokA samarthaka aura poSaka' likhA hai|' bauDa graMthoMmeM jainoMse ghora spardA aura unako nIcA dikhAne kA pada padapara avizrAnta prayatna kiyA huA milatA hai; aisI dazAmeM unake kayanako yadyapi sAmpradAyika mata puSTike kathanase adhika mahatva nahIM diyA jAsaktA / to bhI ukta prakAra kuNikakA pitR. drohI honA isI kaTu sAmpradAyikatAkA viSaphala mAnanA ThIka naMcatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddhagraMtha zreNika mahArAnake viSaya meM mantima pariNAmakA kucha ullekha nahIM karate / kintu isa aitihA. si* ghaTanAkA antima pariNAma yaha humA thA ki kuNikako apanI gastI sUjha gaI thI aura mAtAke samajhAnese vaha pazcAttApa karatA huA apane pitAko bandhana mukta karane pahuMcA kintu zreNikane usako aura kucha maSika kaSTa deneke liye mAtA jAnakara apanA 1-bhama0, pR0 135-152 / 2-bhamabu0, pariziSTa aura kehi 1. pR. 11-163 / 4. pa. 184 zvetAmbaroM ke niryAvalIsUtra meM isa ghaTanAkA varNana hai / Ie* mA0 2010 21 /

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24] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / mapaghAta kara liyA thaa| isa hRdayavidAraka ghaTanAse vaha bar3A dukhI huA aura baravaza apane hRdayako zAMti dekara rAjya karane lagA; kintu mahArANI celanI rAjamahaloMmeM adhika na Thahara sakI thiiN| unhoMne bhagavAna mahAvIranIke samozaraNameM jAkara mAryikA candanAke nikaTa dIkSA grahaNa karalI thii|' udhara anAtazatrukA bhI citta bauddhadharmase phira calA thaa| aura jaba bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANa ho jAne ke uparAnta, pramukha gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama, zrI sudharmAsvAmIke sAtha vipulAcalaparvatapara Akara virAjamAna huye the, taba usane saparivAra zrAvakake vrata grahaNa kiye the| / aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki isake thor3e dinoM bAda hI vaha saMsArase bilkula virakta hogaye, aura apane putra lokapAla (darzaka), ko choTe bhAI nitazatruke supurda karake svayaM jaina muni hogaye the| unakA dehAnta 527 I0 pU0meM huA pragaTa kiyA gayA hai aura yaha samaya indrabhUti gautama aura sudharmAsvAmIse milakara unake jaina dharma dhAraNa karane Adi ghaTanAoMse ThIka baiThatA hai; kyoMki indrabhUti gautamasvAmI bhagavAna mahAvIrake pazcAt kevala bAraha varSa aura jIvita rahe the| 1-zreca0, pR0 361 va vRjaiza0 pR. 25 / 2-upu0, pR. 706 va kaihii0, pR0 161 / 3-vRjeza0, pR0 25 / 4-ahiha0, pR. 39-kintu mi* jAyasavAla kuNikakA rAjyakAla 34 varSa ( 552-518 60 pU0 ) batAte hai; jo ThIka jaMcatA hai / (javioso0 mA0 1 pR. 115) /

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zizunAga vNsh| [ 25 kuNika ajAtazatru apane samayakA eka bar3A rAnA thaa| isake kuNika ajAtazatrake rAjyakAlakI mukhya ghaTanAyeM yaha batalAI rAjakAlako mukhya jAtI haiM ki-(1) kauzaladezake rAnAke ghttnaae| sAtha ajAtazatrA yuddha humA thA; kauzalanarezane apanI bahinakA vivAha karake magadhAtipatise maitrI kara lI thii| kintu mAlUma aisA hotA hai ki isa maitrIke hote hue bhI kauzalapara magadhakA sikkA jama gayA thA; (2) anAtazatrune vaizAlI (tirahuta ) paraM bhI AkramaNa kiyA thA aura use apane rAjyameM milAkara vaha gaMga aura himAlayake bIcavAle pradezakA samrATa bana gayA thA / mi0 jAyasavAla vaizAcIkI vijaya I0 pUrva 540 meM nirdiSTa karate haiM / (naviomo0 bhA0 140 115) zvetAMbara zAstra kahate haiM ki isa saMgrAmameM vaizAlIkI orase 9 malla, 9 licchavi aura 48 kAzI kauzala ke gaNarAjAoMne bhAga liyA thaa| (iMai. bhA. 211-21) (3) usane sona aura gaMgA nadiyoMka saMgamapara pATIlagrAmake samIpa eka kilA bhI banavAyA thA; nisase uparAntake prasiddha nagara pATaliputrake janmakA sutrapAta hogayA thA; aura (4) yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki usake samayameM zAkya kSatribokA, jo mahAtmA gautamabuddhake vaMzana the, burI taraha nAza humA yo / mathaca usane jainadharmako vizeSa rItise apanAyA thA, yaha pahale hI batalAyA mAcukA hai| bauddha na hokara vaha khAsakara eka -gadi. 37-18. khetAmbara pratha kAte hai ki kuNikake bhAI ricchaviyone use nahI diyA thA isa kAraNa yuddha humA thaa| iai* mA. 21 . 1|2-saahih. pR. 36 aura kehi10 pR. 163 /

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / jaina rAjA thaa| usake rAjyameM jainadharma kA khUba vistAra huA thaa|'x kuNikakI eka mUrti bhI milI hai aura vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki usakI eka bAMha TUTI thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki vaha 'kuNika' kahalAtA thA ( navioso0 bhA0 1 pRSTha 84 ) kuNikake rAjyakAlameM sabase mukhya ghaTanA bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke nirvANa lAbhakI ghaTita huI thii| isI samaya arthAt 145 I0 pUrvameM avantImeM pAlaka nAmaka rAjA siMhAsanapara AsIna humA thA / ma0 buddhakA svargavAsa bhI lagabhaga isI samaya huA thaa| ( navioso0 bhAga 1 pRSTha 115) kuNika ajAtazatruke pazcAt magadhake rAjya siMhAsanapara usakA darzaka aura putra darzaka athavA lokapAla adhikArI huA thaa| udyn| kintu isake viSaya meM bahuta kama paricaya milatA hai| 'svapnavAsadattA' nAmaka nATakase yaha vatsarAja udayan aura ujanIpati pradyotanake samakAlIna pragaTa hote haiN| pradyotanane inakI kanyAkA pANigrahaNa apane putrase karanA cAhA thaa| darzakake bAda I0 pU0 san 503meM ajAtazatrukA potA udaya athavA udayan magadhakA rAjA huA thaa| usake viSayameM kahA jAtA hai ki usane pATaliputra athavA kusumapura nAmaka nagara basAyA thaa| isa nagarameM usane eka suMdara jaina maMdira bhI banavAyA thA, kyoMki udayan bhI apane pitAmahakI bhAMti jainadharmAnuyAyI thaa| kahate haiM ki jainadharmake x-hiha pR. 161 ajAtazatrune apane bolavata nAmaka bhAIko bhI baunadharmavimukha banAneke prayala kiye the / (sAmpa, 169) 2-bharapR. 31 / 3-kahi pR048|4 mili 3 /

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zizunAga vaMza / [27. prati usakA vizeSa anurAga hI usakI mRtyukA kAraNa huA thaa| eka rAjakumAra nisake pitAko udayanane rAjabhraSTa kara diyA thA, rAjamahala meM eka mainamunikA veSa bharakara pahuMcA thA aura usane isako mAra DAlA thaa| yaha ghaTanA bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANase sATha varSa bAda ghaTita huI anumAna kI gaI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANa I0 pUrva 545 meM mAnanese, darzakakA rAjya I* pR0 518 se 483 taka aura udayan kA 483 se 467 taka pramANita hotA hai / ( navioso0 bhAga 1 pRSTha 116) hindu purANoM ke anusAra udayana ke uttarAdhikArI nandivarddhana nandivarjana aura aura mahAnandina the; kintu unake viSayameM mhaanndin| vizeSa paricaya nandavaMzake itihAsameM hai / unake nAmoM meM 'nandi' zabdako pAkara, koI 2 vidvAna unheM nandavaMzakA anumAna karatA hai| uparAntake zvetAmmara graMtha bhI isa bAtakA samarthana karate hue milate haiN| unameM likhA hai ki udayanke koI putra nahIM thA; isaliye eka nanda nAmaka vyaktiko no eka nAIke sampandhase vezyA putra thA, logoMne rAjA niyata kiyA thaa| isakA rAnamaMtrI kalpaka nAmaka mainadharmakA dRr3ha zraddhAnI thaa| kintu isa kathAko satya mAna lenA kaThina hai| mAlama aisA hotA hai ki hinda purANoM meM mahAnandinakI zUdra varNakI ( saMbhavataH nAina ) eka rAnIke garbhase mahApadmanandakA janma humA likhA hai| usI bhASArase zizunAgavaMzakA aMta udayanse karake uparoka kyAnarane nanda nAmaka vyaktiko vezyAputra likha maaraa| kintu udayagirike hAthI1-4hie. pR. 164 / 1-bhali. pR. 41|3-hli 0 43 /

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28] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / guphAvAle zilAlekhameM nisa nandakA ullekha AyA hai, use zrIyuta kAzIprasAda jAyasavAlane nandivardhana hI batalAyA hai| isaliye ve nandarAjAoMko do bhAgoMmeM (1) prAcIna (2) aura navIna nanda rUpameM sthApita karate haiN| nandivarddhana bhI jainadharma bhakta pratIta hote haiM kyoMki kaliGga vijaya karake vahAMse vaha eka jaina mUrti bhI lAye the aura use unane surakSita rakkhA thaa| kaliGgameM unane eka nahara bhI banavAI thii| ajAtazatru, udayana aura nandivaInakI mUrtiyAM bhI milI haiM, jo kalakatte aura mathugake manAyabagharameM rakkhI huI haiN| isase ina rAnAoMkA vizeSa prabhAvazAlI honA prakaTa hai / nandivarddhanake dvArA magadharAjyakI unnati vizeSa huI dRSTi par3atI hai, ki usakA Adhipatya kaliGga dezataka vyApta hogayA thaa| mahAnandinake sambandhameM kucha adhika jJAta nahIM hotaa| yadyapi yaha prakaTa hai ki usakI zUdrA rAnIse mahApadmanandakA janma huA thA, jisase naMdavaMzakI utpatti huI thI aura vaha magadharAjyakA adhikArI humA thaa| . 1-javimoso, bhA0 4 pR0 435 / 2-jabioso0, bhAga 4 pR0 463 / 3-javimoso0, bhAga 1 pR. 88-165 mA. 6

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licchivi Adi gaNarAjya / licchiki Adi gaNarAjya / I0 pU0 6 vIM zatAbdi / usa samaya jisa prakAra uttarIya bhAratameM magadhapAmrAjya apane prAcIna bhArata meM svAdhIna aura parAkramI rAjAoM ke liye prasiddha prajAtaMtra raajy| thA, usI prakAra gaNarAjyoM athavA prajAtaMtra rAjyoM meM vaizAlIkA licchavi vaMza pradhAna thaa| yaha bAta to Ana spaSTa hI hai ki prAcIna bhAratameM prajAtaMtra rAjya the| hiMduoMke mahAbhAratameM aise kaI rAjyoM kA ullekha pAyA hai| bauhoM kI jAta kathAoM meM bhI usasamaya aipI rAja saMsthAoM kI jhalaka milatI hai|' nainoMke zAstra bhI isa bAtakA mamarthana karate haiM / ina prajAtaMtra rAjyoMkI rAjya vyavasthA nAgarika logoM ko eka sabhA dvArA hotI thI; nisakA nirNaya voToM dvArA hotA thaa| tinake DAlakara saba sabhAsada voTa dete the aura bahumata sarvamAnya hotA thaa| vRddha aura anubhavI puruSoM ko rAjya prabaMdhake kArya sauMpe jAte the aura unhIM mese eka prabhAvazAlI vyakti sabhApati cuna liyA jAtA thaa| yaha saba ganA kahalAte the| vaizAlIke licchivi kSatriyoM kA rAjya aisA hI thA / usavaizAlIke lacchiAva samaya inake pranAtaMtra rAjyameM ATha jAtiyAM kSatriyoMko prajAtaMtra sammilita thiiN| videhake kSatrI loga bhI rAjya / isa prajAtaMtra rAjyameM zAmila the, jisakI rAnadhAnI mithilA thii| licchivi aura videha rAjyoM kA saMyukta 1-mAi0, pR. 58-59 / 2-zve. kalpasUtra (128) meM kAzIkauzala, licchavi aura malika gaNarAjyokA ullekha hai| di.brana zAcose bhI yaha siddha hai| bhamabu. pR0 65-66 /

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / gaNarAjya 'vRja athavA vanji' nAmase bhI prasiddha thaa| isa rAjyameM sammilita huI saba jAtiyAM ApasameM bar3e prema aura snehase rahatI thI, jisake kAraNa unakI Arthika dazA samunnata honeke sAtha 2 ekatA aisI thI ki jisane unheM eka bar3A prabhAvazAlI rAjya banA diyA thaa| magadhake balavAna rAnA inapara bahuta dinoMse AMkha lagAye huye baiThe the; kintu inakI ekatAko dekhakara unakI himmata pasta hojAtI thii| aMtameM magadhake rAnA ajAtazatrune ina logoMmeM ApasI phUTa paidA karA dI thI aura taba vaha inako sahaja hI parAsta kara sakA thA / aikya avasthAmeM unakA rAjya avazya hI eka Adarza rAjya thA vaha prAyaH Anakalake prajAtaMtra ( Republic) rAjyoMke samAna thaa| jahAMvara licchivi-gaNa darabAra karate the, vahAMpara unane 'TAunahAla' banA liye the; jinheM ve 'sAnyAgAra' kahate the / vRji-rAnasaMgha jo jAtiyAM sammilita thIM, unameM se sadasya cune jAkara vahAM bheje jAte the aura vahAM bahumatase pratyeka Avazyaka kAryakA nirNaya hotA thA / bauddha grantha isa viSayameM batalAte haiM ki pahile unameM eka 'Asana paJcApa' (mAsana-prajJApaka) nAmaka adhikArI cunA jAtA thA, jo avasthAnupAra AgantukoMko Asana batalAtA thaa| upasthiti paryApta ho jAnepara koI bhI Ava. zyaka prastAva saMghake sammukha lAyA jAtA thaa| isa kriyAko 'nAtti' (jJApti ) kahate the| nAttike pazcAta prastAvakI maMjUroM lInAtI thI, arthAta usapara vicAra kiyA jAve yA nhiiN| yaha prazna eka daphese tIna dapheM to puchA mAtA thaa| yadi 1-mAMda0 pR0 59 /

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licchivi Adi gaNarAjya / [31 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ usapara vicAra karake saba sahamata hote the, to vaha pAsa honAtA thA; kintu virodhake honepara voTa lekara nirNaya kiyA jAtA thA / anupasthita sadasyakA voTa bhI ginA jAtA thaa| ina daravAroMkI kAravAI cAra-cAra sadasya (rAnA) aMkita karate jAte the| inameM nAyaka athavA cIpha majisTreTa hote the, jo rAjyasattA sampanna kuloMdvArA cune jAte the| inhIM ke dvArA darabAra meM nizcita hue prastAvoM ko kAryarUpameM pariNata kiyA jAtA thaa| inameM mukhya rAnA (sabhApati), uparAnA, bhaNDArI, senApati Adi bhI the / inakA nyAyAlaya bhI vinakula bhAdarza DhaMgakA thA; nahAM dRghakA dudha aura pAnI kA pAnI karane ke liye kucha uThA na rakkhA jAtA thaa| vRji saMghameM sarva pramukha licchivikSatrI the| yaha vaziSTa gotrake licchivikSatriyoMkA ikSvAkuvaMzI kSatrI the / inakA licchivi sAmAnya pricy| nAma kahAMse aura kaise kisa kAla meM par3A, isake jAnane ke liye vizvAsa yogya sAdhana prApta nahIM haiM; kiMtu itanA spaSTa hai ki nisasamaya bhagavAna mahAvIra isa saMsArameM vidyamAna the aura dharmakA pracAra kara rahe the, usa samaya ve eka uccavaMzIya kSatrI mAne jAte the| anyAnya kSatrI unase vivAhasambandha karane meM apanA bar3A gaurava samajhane the| bhagavAna mahAvIrake pitA bhI inhIMke gaNarAjya arthAta 'vanirAnasaMgha' meM sammilita the| licchivi eka parizramI, parAkramI aura samRdizAlI nAti hone ke sAtha hI sAtha pArmika ruci aura mAvako rakhanevAlI thii| yaha loga bar3e dayAlu aura paropakArI the / inakI zaga bhAkRti mI suDaula aura sundara 1-mama0, pR. 50-63 /

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32) saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / thii| yaha loga alaga2 raMgake kapar3e aura sundara bahumUlya AbhUSaNa pahinate the| unakI ghor3egAr3iyAM sonekI thiiN| hAthIkI ambArI sonekI thIM aura pAlakI bhI sonekI thiiN| isase unake vizeSa samRddhizAlI aura pUrNa sukha sampanna hone kA patA calatA hai / kintu aisI ucca aihika avasthA hote huye bhI ve vilAsitApriya nahIM the| unameM vyabhicAra chUtaka bhI nahIM gayA thaa| unheM svAdhInatA bar3I priya thii| kisI prakArakI bhI parAdhInatA svIkAra karanA, unake liye sahana kArya nahIM thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra unake sAthI aura nAgarika hI the jinhoMne prANI mAtrakI snAdhInatAkA ucca ghoSa kiyA thA / bhalA jaba unake madhyase eka mahAn yugapradhAna aura anupama tIrthaGkarakA janma huA thA, taba unake divya cAritra aura adbhuta unnatike viSayameM kucha adhika kahanA vyartha hai / hiMsA, jhUTha corI Adi pApoMkA unameM nizAna nahIM thaa| ve lalitakalA aura zilpako khUba apanAte the| unake mahala aura devamaMdira apUrva zilpakAryake do do aura tIna tIna maMnilake bane huye the / ve takSazilAke vizvavidyAlayameM vidyAdhyayana karaneke liye jAte the / ' yadyapi licchivi logoMmeM yakSAdikI pUjA pahalese pracalita nivi kI thI; parantu jainadharma aura bauddha dharmakI gati bhI jainadharmake parama unake madhya kama na thI / jainadharmakA astitva upAsaka the| unake madhya bhagavAna mahAvIrake bahuta pahalese thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIrake pitA rAnA siddhArtha aura unake mAmA rAjA 1-bhama pR0 57-63 / 2-para ramezacaMdra dattakA "bhArata vaMzakI sabhyatAkA itihAsa"-bhama. pR0 65 kSatrI kailanna, pR0 82 va kehi pR0157|

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licchivi Adi gaNarAjya / [33 ceTaka bhainadharmAnuyAyI the aura bhagavAna mahAvIrase pahale huye tIrthaGkaroMkI upAsanA karate the, inake atirikta aura loga bhI nainI the; kintu bhagavAna mahAvIrake dharma pracAra karanepara unameM jainadharmako pradhAnatA prApta huI thii| bar3e2 rAnakarmacArI bhI mainadharmAnuyAyI the| vajiyana saMghake pramukha rAnA ceTakake atirikta senApati siMha, licchivi abhayakumAra aura Ananda Adi prasiddha vyakti janadharmake paramabhakta the / senApati siMha saMbhavataH rAjA ceTakake putroMmeMse eka the / yaha bhagavAna mahAvIrake ananya upAsaka the| bauddha dharmakI apekSA janadharmakI pradhAnatA licchaviyoMmeM adhika thii| licchivi rAnavAnI vaizAlImeM jainadharmake anuyAyI eka vizAla saMsthAmeM the| ma. gautamabuddhake vahAM kaIvAra apane dharma pracAra karanevara bhI noMkI saMkhyA adhika rahI thii| yaha bAta cauDoMke 'mahAga' nAmaka graMthame senApati siMhake kathAnakase vidita hai|' vaja gana saMghakI ganapAnI vaizAlI, uma samaya eka bar3A licchivi rAjadhAnI prasiddha aura vaibhavazAlI nagara thaa| kahate vaizAlI athavA haiM ki vaha tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta thA arthAt vishaalaa| (1) vaizAlI, (2) vaNiyagrAma aura (3) kuNDagrAma | kuNDagrAma bhagavAna mahAvIrakA janmasthAna thA aura usameM jJAtrika kSatriyoM kI mukhyatA thii| vaizAlIkI vizAlanAke 1-bhamabu* pR. 231-236 / 2-bhabha0, pR. 65 va vIra, bhA0 4 pR. 276. zvetAmbara anAyake granthoM meM spaSTataH bhagavAna mahAvIrakA janma sampanya zAlIse prasTa kiyA huA milatA hai| jaise mutrakRtAGga (1, 2, 3, 22), uttarAdhAyana mUtra (67) va bhagavatI sUtra ( 21 12.2) meM bhagavAnakA ullekha vaizAlIya yA vaizAlika rUpameM hubhA hai; - ---- - -

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34 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | kAraNa hI usakA nAmakaraNa ' vizAlA ' huA thA | cInI yAtrI hyunsAMga vaizAlIko 20 mIlakI lambAI-caur3AI meM basA batalA gayA thA / usane usake tIna koToM aura bhAgoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / vaha sAre vRjji dezako 5000 lI ( karIba 1600 mIla) kI paridhimeMmeM phailA batalAyA hai aura kahatA hai ki yaha deza bar3A sarasanna thA / Ama, kele Adi mevoMke vRkSoMse bharapUra thA / manuSya ImAnadAra, zubha kAryoM ke premI, vidyA pArikhI aura vizvAsa meM kabhI kaTTara aura kabhI udAra the / ' vartamAna ke mujaphpharapura jilekA basAr3ha grAma hI prAcIna vaizAlI hai / uparAntake jaina graMthoM meM vizAlA athavA vaizAlI ko siMdhu dezameM jisase bhagavAnakA vaizAlIke nAgarika honA prakaTa hai / abhayadevane bhagavatIsUtra kI TIkA meM 'vizAlA' ko mahAvIra jananI likhA hai / digambara sampradAya ke granthoM meM yadyapi aisA koI prakaTa ullekha nahIM hai, jisase bhagavAnakA sambandha vaizAlIse prakaTa hosake; paraMtu unameM jina sthAnoMke jaise kuNDagrAma, kulagrAma, vanaSaNDa Adi ke nAma Ae haiM, ve saba vaizAlIke nikaTa hI milate haiM / vanadaNDa zvetAmbaroMkA 'duipalAza ujjAna' athavA 'nAyaSaNDavana ujjAna' yA 'nAyapaNDa' hai / kulagrAmase bhAva apane kulake grAmake hosate haiM athavA kovlAgake hoMge, jisameM nAthavaMzI kSatrI adhika the aura jisake pAsa hI vanapaNDa udyAna thA, jahAM bhagavAna mahAvIrane dIkSA grahaNa kI thI / ataH digambara sampradAya ke ullekhoMse bhagavAna kA janmasthAna kuNDagrAma vaizAlIke nikaTa pramANita hotA hai aura cUMki rAjA siddhArtha ( bhagavAna mahAvIrake pitA ) vaizAlI ke rAja saMgha meM zAmila the, jaise ki hama pragaTa kareMge, taba vaizAlIko unakA janmasthAna kahanA atyukti nahIM rkhtaa| kuNDa prAma vaizAlIkA eka bhAga athavA sanniveza ho thA / 1- kSatrI klensa0 pR0 42 va 54.

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licchivi Adi gaNarAjya | 1 2 35 avasthita batalAyA hai; kintu yaha bhrAmaka ullekha kavi kAlidAsake " zrI vizAlamavizAlam " vAkyake kAraNa huA pratIta hotA hai: kyoMki kAlidAsajI ne yaha vAkya ujjainIke liye vyavahRta kiyA thA aura vaha avazya hI siMdhu nada-vartI pradezameM avasthita thI / jaina kaviyoMne apane samaya meM bahuprasiddha isa vizAlA (ujjainI) ko hI mahArAja ceTakakI rAjadhAnI mAnakara use siMdhu dezameM likha diyA hai / vaise vaha videha dezake nikaTa hI ghI: jaise ki Aja I usake vvaMsAvazeSa vahAM mila rahe haiM / vaizAlIke rAjA ceTaka the, yaha bAta jaina zAstra prakaTa karate rAjA ceTaka aura haiN| isake artha yahI haiM ki vaha vajji prajAunakA parivAra | taMtra rAjya ke pramukha rAjA the / yaha ikSvAkuvaMzI va ziSTagotrI kSatrI the / uttarapugaNa meM (10 640 ) inako somavaMzI likhA hai, jo ikSvAkuvaMzakA eka bheda hai / inakI rAnIkA nAma bhadrA thA jo apane pati ke sarvathA upayukta thI / rAjA ceTaka bar3e parAkramI, vIra yoddhA aura vinayo tathA arahaMta deva ke anuyAyI the / 1- preca0 pR0 150 u0 pu0 0 634, ityAdi / 2 - bhavabhUti ke mAlatImAdhava nAmaka nATaka meM ujanI ke pAsa meM sindhunadI aura usake kinAre avasthita nAvAkA ullekha hai| jaina kavi dhanapAlane isa pradeza ke logoM kA ullekha 'saMghava' nAmame kiyA hai arthAt siMdhudezake vAsI / ataeva uparoka sindhu nadokI apekSA hI yaha pradeza 'sindhu deza' ke nAmase ullikhita huA pratIta hotA hai| pazcimIya vidhu pradeza ise alaga thaa| cUMki ujanI, jinakA ullekha kavi kAlidAsa 'meghadUta' meM vizAla rUpane karate hai, uparokta nidhunadIke samIra thI, vaha jaina lekhakoM dvArA siMdhupradeza meM banAI jAne lagI /

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26] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / baha rAjanItimeM kitane nipuNa the aura unakI pratiSThA AsapAsake rAjyoMmeM kitanI thI, yaha isI bAtase aMdAnI jAsaktI hai ki vaha vajiyana prajAtaMtra rAjyake pramukha rAjA cune gaye the| parAkrama aura vIratAmeM bhI vaha bar3e car3he the| usa samayake balavAna rAnA zreNika bimbasArase saMgrAma ThAnane meM vaha pIche nahIM haTe the aura gAMdhAra dezake satyaka nAmaka rAnAse bhI unakI raNAMgaNa meM bheMTa huI thI aura vaha vijayI hokara lauTe the| isI taraha vaha dhArmika niSThAmeM bhI sudRr3ha the / minendra bhagavAna kI pUjA-arcA karanA vaha raNakSetra meM bhI nahIM bhUlate the| rAjA ceTakake daza putra the, jo (1) dhana, (2) dattabhadra, (3) upendra, (4) sudatta, (5) siMhabhadra; (6) sukuMbhoja, (7) akaMpana, (8) supataMga, (9) prabhaMjana aura (10) prabhApake nAmase prasiddha the| ina daza bhAiyoMkI sAta bahineM thiiN| inameM sabameM bar3I trizalA priyakAriNI bhagavAna mahAvIrakI mAtA thiiN| avazeSa mRgAvatI, suprabhA, prabhAvatI, celinI, jyeSThA aura caMdanA nAmaka thiiN| mRgAvatIkA vivAha vatsadezake kauzAmbInagarake svAmI caMdrarAjA zatAnIka aura vaMzI rAjA zatAnIka ke sAtha huA thaa| vatsarAja udayan / inake putra vatsarAja udayan upa samayake rAjAoMne vizeSa prasiddha the / ujjainIke rAjA caMDapadyotankI rAjakumArIse inhoMne bar3I hoziyArIse vivAha kara pAyA thA / vatsarAjakI isa premakathAko lekara 'svapna vAsavadatta' nATaka mAdi graMtha race gae haiM / zatAnIka parama jainadharma bhakta the| jisa samaya bhagavAna 1-u0 pu0, pR0 634-635 / 2-u* pu. pR0 635 /

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licchi ve Adi gaNarAjya / [37 mahAvIra dharmapracAra karate huye kauzAmbI pahuMce the, usa samaya isa rAnAne unakA dharmopadeza acche bhAvoM aura bar3e dhyAnase sunA thaa| bhagavAnakI vandanA aura upAsanA bar3o vinayase kI thii| aura antameM vaha bhagavAna ke saMgha saMmilita hogayA thaa| para pahale mRgAvatIkI bahina candanAke yahAM no kauzAmbImeM eka seTha ke yahAM putrIke rupameM rahI thI, bhagavAnakA AhAra huA thA / kauzAmbI prAcIna kAlase nainoM kA mukhya kendra rahA hai aura mAna bhI usakI mAnyatA bhanoMke nikaTa vizeSa hai / yahAMpara prAcIna jaina kIrtiyAM vizeSa milatI haiM / kaniMghama sAhabane vatsarAna udayanko yahAM I0 pUrva 570 se 540 taka rAjya karate likhA hai / vaha 'videhaputra' apanI mAtAkI apekSA kahalAte the| rAnA ceTakakI tIsarI kanyA suprabhA dazANa (dazAsana) dezameM rAjA dazaratha aura herakacchapura (kamaiThapura) ke svAmI suryavaMzI rAnA parama samyakI dazarathase vivAhI gaI thii| yaha dazArNa deza rAjA udayan / maMdasorake nikaTa prAcIna matsadezake dakSiNameM bhanumAna kiyA gayA hai / yaha rAnA bhI na thaa| cauthI putrI pramAvatI kacchadezake suraka nagarake rAjA udayanakI paTTarAnI huI thii| yaha rAjA udayan apane samyaktabake liye jainazAstroM meM bahuta prasiddha haiN| kinhIM zAstroM meM inakI rAnapAnIkA nAma vItazokA likhA humA milatA hai / zve. mAmnAyakI 'uttarAdhyayana sutra' sambandhI kathAomeM inheM pahale vaidika dharma bhukta batalAyA hai| 1-u0 pu. pR. 636 va mama* pR. 108 / 2-30 pu. pR. 616 / 3-emikSa TA. pR. 72 / 4-30 pu. pR. 636 /

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38] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| uparAnta vaha jainadharmake dRr3ha zraddhAnI huye the aura digaMbara munike veSameM sarvatra vicare the / zvetAmbara kathAkAra unakI rAjadhAnI vItabhaya nagarIko siMdhusauvIra dezameM batalAte haiM aura kahate haiM ki vaha 16 dezoMpara rAjya karate the, jinameM vItabhayAdi 363 mukhya nagara the / saMbhavataH iccha deza bhI isameM saMmilita thA; isI kAraNa unakI rAjadhAnI kaccha dezameM avasthita bhI batAI gaI hai| ukta kathAmeM prabhAvatIke saMsargase rAnA udayanako jainadharmAsakta hote likhA hai / rAjAne rAjya prAsAdameM eka suMdara maMdira banavAyA thA aura usameM gozISacandanakI sundara mUrti virAjamAna kI thii| kahate haiM ki eka gAMdhAra dezavAsI jaina vyApArIkI kapAse maMtra pAkara usa mUrtikI pUjA karake eka dAsI putrI svarNa dehakI huI thii| usane ujjainIke rAjA candrapradyotanase jAkara vivAha kara liyaa| aura usa gozIrSa candanakI mUrtiko bhI vaha apane sAtha legii| udAyanne pradyotanase lar3AI ThAna dI aura use giraphtAra kara liyA; kintu mArgameM paryuSaNa parvake avasarapara use mukta kara diyA thaa| pradyotanne usa samaya zrAvakake vrata grahaNa kiye aura vaha ujjainI vApasa calA gayA thA / udAyana bhagavAnakI mUrti lekara vItabhaya nagarako pahuMca ge| yaha nagara samudra taTapara thA aura yahAMse khUba vyApAra anya dezoMse humA karatA thA / ukta zvetAmbara kathAkA nimna aMza kalpita pratIta hotA hai| saMbhava hai ki vatsarAja udAyankA jo yuddha prayotanase hubhA thA, usIko lakSyakara yaha aMza raca diyA gayA ho| maMgAr3I isa kathA haiM ki udAyankI bhAvanA thI ki bhagavAna

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licchivi Adi gaNarAjya / mahAvIrajIkA zubhAgamana bItazokA nagarImeM honAve / kadAcita samAgama hI aisA lagA ki bhagavAnakA samozaraNa vahAMke 'mRgavana' nAmaka udyAnameM Akara virAjamAna humA / udAyanane bar3I bhaktise bhagavAnakI vaMdanA kI aura antameM vaha apane bhAnaje vezIko rAjya sauMpakara nagna zramaNa hogye| digambara jainazAstroMmeM yaha rAnA apane nirvicikitsA aMga' kA pAlana karane ke liye prasiddha haiN| yaha bar3e dAnI aura vicArazIla rAjA the| sArI prajAkA unapara bahuta prema thA / digambara mAnyatAke anusAra unane apane putrako rAjyasiMhAsana para baiThAyA thA aura svayaM vIra bhagavAna ke samozaraNameM jAkara muni hogae the| antameM ghAtiyA karmokA nAzakara vaha mokSa-lakSmIke vallabha bane the| rAnI prabhAvatI ninadIkSA grahaNa karake samAdhimaraNa prApta karake brahmasvargame deva huI thii| rAnA ceTakakI abazeSa tIna kanyAyoMmeMse cekanIkA vivAha . magaghadezake rAjA zreNika bimbasArase humA celinI aura jyesstthaa| 'thA, yaha pahale likhA jA cukA hai / celanokI bahina jyeSThAkA bhI prema magadhanareza para thA; kiMtu usakA manoratha siddha nahIM ho sakA thaa| gAMdhAra dezastha mahIpurake rAnA sAtyakane usake sAtha vivAha karanA cAhA thA; kiMtu rAjA ceTakane baha sambaMdha svIkAra nahIM kiyA thA aura use raNakSetra meM parAsta karake bhagA diyA thaa| sAtyaka jaina saMghameM jAkara digambara jaina muni hogayA thA aura kAlAMtara jyeSThAne bhI apanI mAmI yazasvatI 1-Te. pR. 98-116 / 2-bhAka., bhA0 1 pR. 88 / 3-10 pu., pR. 636 /

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40 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / AryikAse jinadIkSA grahaNa kara lI thii| kadAcit sAtyaka munikA prema jyeSThAse haTA nahIM thA aura haThAta eka divasa unhoMne apane zIlarUpI ratnako jyeSThAke saMsargase kho diyA thaa| isa dukriyAkA unheM bar3A pazcAtApa huA thA aura prAyazcitta lekara vaha phirase muni hogaye the / jyeSThA garbhavatI huI thI, so upako dayA karake celanIne apane yahAM rakkhA thA / putra prasava karake vaha bhI prAyazcitta lekara punaH AryikA ho gaI thI aura apane kRtapApake liye ghora tapazcaraNa karane lagI thii| inakA putra dvAdazAGkakA pAThI rudra nAmaka muni huA thaa| caMdanA ina saba bahinoMmeM choTI thI aura usakA vivAha _ nahIM huA thaa| vaha mAnanma kumArI rahI thii| satI caMdanA / " ' vaha sarvaguNa sampanna parama sundarI thiiN| eka dina jaba vaha rAjyodyAna meM vAyusevana kara rahI thIM, usa samaya eka vidyAdhara unheM uThAkara vimAnameM le udd'aa| kiMtu apanI strIke bhayake kAraNa vaha unako apane ghara nahIM le gayA, balika mArga meM hI eka vanameM chor3a gayA / zokAtura candanAko usa samaya eka bhIlane le nAkara apane rAjAke supurda kara diyA / isa duSTa bhIlane candanAko bahuta trAsa diye; kintu vaha satI apane dharmase calita na huI / haThAt usane eka vyApArIke hAtha unako veva diyA; nisane bhI nirAza hokara kauzAmbI meM unheM kucha rupaye lekara vRSabhasena nAmaka dhanika seThake havAle kara diyaa| dayAlu seThane caMdanAko bar3e premase gharameM rahane diyaa| caMdanA 1-A., bhA* 2 pR. 96 /

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licchivi Adi gaNarAjya / [41 seThAnIke gRhakAryameM pUrI sahAyatA detI thI; kiMtu usake apUrva jhapa lAvaNyane seThAnIke hRdaya meM DAha utpanna kara diyA aura vaha candanAko manamAne kaSTa dene lgii| udhara candanAke bhI kaSToMkA anta AgayA / bhagavAna mahAvIrakA zubhAgamana kauzAmbI meM huA / dukhiyA candanAne unako AhAradAna dene kI himmata kii| patitapAvana pramUkA AhAra candanAke yahAM hogayA / loga bar3e mAzcaryameM par3a gaye / candanAkA nAma cAroM ora prasiddha hogayA / kauzAmbI narezakI paTTarAnIne jaba yaha samAcAra sune to vaha apanI choTI bahinako bar3e mAdara aura premase rAjamahala meM le gaI; kintu vaha vahAM adhika dina na Thahara sakI / bhagavAna mahAvIrake divya evaM pavitra cAritrakA prabhAva usake hRdayapara aMkita hogyaa| vairAgyakI aTUTa dhArAmeM vaha gote lagAne lagI aura zIghra hI vIranAthake pAsa pahuMcakara unane ninadIkSA le lii| AryikA caMdanA khUba hI duddhara tapa tapatI thIM aura unakA jJAna bhI bar3A car3hA thA / usa samaya unake samAna anya koI sAdhvI nahIM thii| mAtmajJAnakA pAvana prakAza vaha cahuMora phailAne lgii| phalataH zIghra hI unako bhagavAnake AryikAsaMghameM pramukhapada prApta hogayA thaa| vaha 36000 viduSI sAdhvIyoMka cAritrakI dekhabhAla aura unako jJAnavAna banAne meM saMlagna rahatI thii| isapakAra svayaM apanA bhAtmakalyANa karate huye evaM anyoMko sanmArga para lagAte huye, vaha Ayuke aMtameM svargasukhakI adhikArI huI thii| 1-3. pu., pR. 637-64. /

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / rAjA ceTakakA yaha pAravArika paricaya bar3e mahatvakA hai| uparAntameM licchivi isase pragaTa hotA hai ki usasamayake prAyaH vNsh| mukhya rAjyoMse unakA samparka vizeSa thaa| jainadharmakA vistAra bhI usasamaya khUba horahA thaa| licchivi prajAtaMtra rAjya bhI unakI pramukhatAmeM khUba unnati kara rahA thaa| kintu unakI yaha unnati magadha nareza ajAtazatruko asahya huI thI aura usane inapara AkramaNa kiyA thA, yaha likhA jAcukA hai| kinhIM vidvAnoMkA kahanA hai ki abhayakumAra, jisakA sambandha licchiviyoMse thA, usase Darakara ajAtazatrune vaizAlIse yuddha cher3a diyA thA; kiMtu jaina zAstroMke anusAra yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| kyoMki abhayakumArake munidIkSA le leneke pazcAt ajAtazatruko magadhakA rAjasiMhAsana milA thA / ataH abhayakumArase use Daraneke liye koI kAraNa zeSa nahIM thaa| yaha saMbhava hai ki ajAtazatruke bauddhadharmakI ora AkarSita hokara apane pitA zreNika mahArAjako kaSTa deneke kAraNa, licchiviyoMne kucha ruSTatA dhAraNa kI ho aura usIse caukannA hokara ajAtazatrune unako apane bhAdhIna kara lenA ucita samajhA ho| kucha bhI ho, isa yuddhake sAtha hI licchiviyoMkI svAdhInatA jAtI rahI thI aura ve magadha sAmrAjyake AdhIna rahe the| samrATa candragupta mauryake samayameM bhI vaha prajAtaMtrAtmaka rUpameM rAjya kara rahe the; nisakA anukaraNa karanekI salAha kauTilyane dI thii| kintu jo svataMtratA unako candraguptake rAjyameM prApta thI, vaha azokake samaya 1-kSatrI klainsa0, pR. 131 /

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licchivi Adi gaNarAjya | [ 43 nahIM rahI aura unane azokakI AdhInatA svIkAra kara lI thI / guptakAla taka inake astitvakA patA calatA hai / vajiyana prajAtaMtra ke uparAnta dUsarA sthAna zAkyavaMzI kSatrizAkya aura malla zatri yoMke prajAtaMtra ko prApta thaa| unakI rAjadhAnI yoMke gaNarAjya | kapilavastu thI, jo vartamAna ke gorakhapura jile meM sthita hai / nRpa zuddhodana usa samaya isa rAjya ke pramukha the / ma0 gautamabuddhakA janma inhIMke gRhameM huA thA / zAkyoMkI bhI sattA usa samaya acchI thI; kintu uparAnta kuNika ajAtazatruke samaya meM viddAma dvArA unakA sarva nAza huA thA / zAkyoM ke bAda malla gaNarAjya prasiddha thA, jisameM mallavaMzI kSatriyoMkI pradhAnatA thI / bauddha granthoMse yaha rAjya do bhAgoM meM vibhakta pragaTa hotA hai / kusInArA jisa bhAgakI rAjadhAnI thI, usase ma0 buddhakA saMbaMdha vizeSa rahA thA / dUsare bhAgakI rAjadhAnI pAvA thI / usasamaya rAjA hastipAla isa rAjyake pramukha the / bhagavAna mahAvIra jisa samaya yahAM pahuMce the, taba isa rAjAne unakI khUba vinaya aura bhakti kI thii| bhagavAnane nirvANa-lAbha bhI yahIM se kiyA thA / usa samaya anya rAjAoki sAtha yahAMke nau rAjAoMne dIpotsava manAyA thaa| jainadharmakI mAnyatA ina logoM meM vizeSa rahI thii| zAkya prajAtaMtra bhI jaina dharmake saMsargase achUtA nahIM bacA thA / aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki rAjA zuddhodanakI zraddhA prAcIna jainadharma meM thI / * licchiviyoMkI taraha machoMko bhI ajAtazatrune apane mAghIna kara kiyA thaa| 3 4 1 - pUrva, pR0 136 / 260 pR0 37-38 / 3 kSatrIlensa 0, pR0 163 va 175 / 4-bhamanu0 pR0 37 /

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44] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / videha dezavAsI kSatriyoM kA gaNarAjya bhI usa samaya ulle. khanIya thaa| yaha licchiviyoMke sAtha vRji-prajAtaMtra rAjyasaMgha sammilita the, yaha likhA jAcukA hai / digambara jainazAstroM meM bhagavAna mahAvIrakI janmanagarIko videha dezameM sthita batalAyA hai|' aura zvetAmbarI zAstra mahAvIrajIko videhakA nivAsI athavA videhake rAjakumAra likhate haiN| ina ullekhoMse bhI videha gaNarAjyakA vRni-rAna-saMghameM sammilita honA siddha hai / yadi videhakA samparka isa rAjasaMghase na hotA to vaizAlIke nikaTa sthita kuNDagrAmako videha dezameM na likhA jAtA / astu; videhameM jainadharmakI gati vizeSa thii| bhagavAna mahAvIrane tIsa varSa isI dezameM bitAye the| videhakI rAjadhAnI mithilA vaizAlIse uttara pazcimakI ora 39 mIla thI aura vaha vyApArake liye bahu prakhyAta thii| inake atirikta rAyagAmakA kolyigaNarAjya, sunsamAra parvatakA agga rAjasaMgha, mallakappakA buli prajAtaMtra rAjya, pippalivanakA morIyagaNarAjya Adi anya kaI choTe moTe prajAtaMtrAtmaka rAjya the; jinakA kucha vizeSa hAla mAlama nahIM hotA hai| 1-u0 pu0, pR. 605 / 2-Js. I, 256. 3-kSatrI klainsa, pR0 146 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [ 45 jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / I0 pUrva0 320 I0 pUrva 545 / licchiviyoMke sAtha vajji pradeza ke prajAtaMtrAtmaka rAjasaMgha meM jJAtrika vaMzI kSatrI bhI sammilita the / ina jJAtrika kSatrI | kSatriyoM ko 'nAya' athavA 'nAtha' vaMzI bhI kahate haiM / " digambara jaina zAstroM meM inakA 'harivaMzI' rUpameM bhI ullekha huA hai / manune mala, bhalla, licchivi, karaNa, khasa va drAvir3a kSatriyoM ke sAtha nATa athavA nAta (jJAtrika) kSatriyoM ko vrAtya likhA hai / (manu0 sa0 10/22 ) yaha isI kAraNa hai ki ina logoM meM jainadharmakI pradhAnatA thI / vrAtya athavA vratin nAmase jainiyoM kA ullekha pahale huA milatA hai / (bha0 pA0 prastAvanA, STa0 32) bhAratake dhArmika itihAsa meM nAtha athavA jJAtrika kSatriyoMkA nAma amara hai / inakA mahatva imaM se prakaTa hai ki yahI vaha mahatvazAlI jAti hai jisane bhAratako eka bar3e bhArI sudhAraka aura mahApuruSako samarpita kriyA thA / mahApuruSa jainiyoM ke aMtima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra the| Adhunika sAhityAnveSaNase pragaTa huA hai ki jJAtrika kSatrizAtrika kSatriyoMkA yoM kA nivAsasthAna mukhyataH vaizAlI (bAr3ha), nivAsasthAna / kuNDagrAma aura vaNiya grAmameM thA / kuNDagrAmase uttara-pUrvIya dizA meM sanniveza kollAga thA / kahate haiM ki yahAM jJAtrika athavA nAthavaMzI kSatrI sabase adhika saMkhyA meM rahate the |* vaizAlI ke bAhira pAsa hI meM kuNDagrAma sthita thA; jo saMbha 30, pR0 115-116 / 2- vRjeza0, pR0 7 1- sakSAe 3-u0 60, 1-2 phuTanoTa / 4-u60 2 / 4 phuTa0 /

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / vataH bhAjakalakA 'vasukuNDa' gAMva hai| koI 2 vidvAna kollAgako hI bhagavAna mahAvIrakA janmasthAna batalAte haiM; kintu yaha bAta digambara aura zvetAMbara-donoM jaina saMpradAyoMkI mAnyatAke viruddha hai| zvetAmbara granthoMse patA calatA hai ki kollAgake nikaTa eka caityamaMdira thA, nisako 'duipalAza', 'duipalAza unjAna' athavA 'nAyaSaNDavana' kahate the| isa udyAnameM eka bagIcA thA; jisameM eka bhavya maMdira banA huA thA / digambara jaina zAstroMmeM 'vanaSaNDa' meM athavA nAyaSaNDa yA jJAtRkhaMDa vanameM jAkara bhagavAnako dIkSA lete likhA hai| yaha vanaSaNDa uparokta nAyaSaNDavana hI hai kyoMki vaha bhagavAnake janmasthAnake nikaTa thA aura vahAMse uThakara bhagavAna kulapura athavA kulagrAmameM prathama pAraNAke liye gaye the| yaha kulapura kollAga hI pratIta hotA hai, jo nAyaSaNDavanake bilkula samIpa aura nAthavaMzI kSatriyoM ke pUrNa adhikArameM thaa| kollAgakA apara nAma 'nAyakula' bhI milatA hai| isa dazAmeM kollAgakA kulapura athavA kulagrAma honA cAhiye / digambara.mnAyake granthoMma kulagrAmakA rAnA kulanRpa likhA hai.' arthAt rAnA aura nagarakA nAma eka hI hai / aura jJAtrika kSatrI isase bhI kollAgakA kulapura yA kulagrAma hone vajiyana prajAtaMtrameM aura vahAMke nivAsI nAthavaMzI kSatriyoM kA lata thA vRni pranAtaMtra-saMghameM samiSTa honekA paricaya milatA hai| kulakA vyavahAra usasamaya sAdhAraNataH vaMzako lakSya 1-kaihii. pR. 157 / 2-uda0 214, kasU* 115 va mAsU0 2 // 5-22 / 3-30 pu. 10609 / 4-360 66 / 5-3-pu0.6.1|

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / 1 [ 47 karake hotA thA / kintu 'kula' zabdase bhAva kevala itanA hI nahIM thA ki usa vaMzake pramukha vyaktikA adhikAra mAtra upa kulake logoM para hI rahe pratyuta usakI mukhyatA aura adhikAra usa kulake mAdhipatya meM rahe samasta dezapara vyApta hotA thA / ' kolchAgake nAtha kulavAle kSatrI avazya hI vRddhi prajAtaMtra rAjya meM sammilita the / isIliye unameM pramukha netA, unakI orase usa saMgha pratinidhitvakA adhikAra rakhate the / yahI kAraNa hai ki unakA ullekha 'kulanRpa' rUpameM huA hai / yaha nAma kula apekSA hI hai-vyaktigata nAma yaha nahIM hai / isa ullekha se yaha bhI vidita hotA hai ki rAjA siddhArthakA vizeSa samparka kolAgase na hokara kuNDagrAma se thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki vahAMkA netA koI anya vyakti pragaTa kiyA gayA hai| isase jAtRvaMzI athavA nAthakulake kSatriyoMke nivAsasthAnakI spaSTatA aura unakA vRji-prajAtaMtra meM zAmila honA pragaTa hai / prajAtaMtra rAmasaMgha ina kSatrI kuloMke mukhiyAyoMkI kapila mukhya kAryakartI thI / ina sadasyoM kA nAmollekha 'gA' rUpameM hotA thA, yaha bAta - kauTilya arthazAstrame spaSTa hai / ' ra jJAnRvaMzI kSatrI mukhyataH janoMke 23 veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna zAMtrika kSatriyoMkA pArzvanAthanI ke dharmazAsana ke bhakta the / uparAnta dhama / jaba bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA dharmapracAra hogayA thA, taba ve niyamAnusAra bIra saMghake uzapaka hogaye the / jainadharma1- kAbhre 0 1918, pR0 162-164 / 2-arthazAstra, zAma zAstrI, 3 30 455 / 300 10 31.5 uda0 26

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48 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | bhukta honeke kAraNa yaha loga bar3e dharmAtmA aura puNyazAlI the / ve pApakarmoM se dUra rahate the aura pApase bhayabhIta the / ve hiMsAjanaka bure kAma nahIM karate the / kisI prANIko kaSTa nahIM dete the / aura mAMsa bhojana bhI nahIM karate the / ' unakI aihika dazA bhI khUba samRddhizAlI thI aura unakA prabhAva tathA mahatva bhI vizeSa thA / unakA sambandha unake pramukha dvArA usa samaya karIba 2 saba hI pratiSThita rAjyoMse thA / jainiyoMke aMtima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIrakA janma bhI isa vaMza meM huA thA, yaha likhA jAcukA hai / / * i / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pitA nRpa siddhArtha the / yaha rAjA sarvArtha rAjA siddhArtha aura rAnI zrImatI dharmAtmA, nyAyI aura aura jJAnavAna vI - putra the / inako zreyAMsa aura rAmI trizalA javaMza bhI kahate the / yaha kAzyapagotrI ikSvAkU athavA nAtha yA jJataHzI kSatrI the / inakA vivAha vaizAlI ke licchivi kSatriyoMke pramukha netA rAjA ceTakakI putrI priyakAriNI athavA trizalA se huA thA / trizalAko videhadattA bhI kahate the| yaha parama viduSI mahilAratna thIM / zvetAmbara zAstroM meM nRpa siddhArthako kevala kSatriya siddhArthaM likhA hai / isakAraNa katipaya vidvAn unheM sAdhAraNa saradAra samajhate haiM, kiMtu digambarAmnAyake graMthoM meM unheM spaSTataH rAjA likhA hai / rAjA ceTaka ke samAna prasiddha rAjavaMza se unakA sambaMdha honA, unakI pratiSThA aura yAdarakA vizeSa pramANa hai / vaha nAthavaMzake mukuTamaNi the| aisA 1-Js. XLV. 416. 2 - AsU0 11 / 15/15. Js. XXII. 193. 3-u0 pu0 pR0 605 / 4-Js. XXII. 193.

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [49 mAlUma hotA hai ki unake AdhIna unake kulake anya rAnA the; jase ki eka kulanRpakA ullekha Upara hocukA hai| jaina zAstra kahate haiM ki rAnA siddhArthane mAtmamati aura vikranake dvArA artha-prayojanako siddha kara liyA thaa| ve vidyAmeM pAragAmI aura usake ananya prasAraka the| sacamuca 'mApane (vidyA. oMka) phalase samasta lokako saMyojita karanevAle usa nirmala rAnAko pAkara rAnavidyAe~ prakAzita hone lagI thiiN|' phalataH yaha prakaTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIranI eka buddhimAna, dharmajJa, parizramI aura prabhAvazAlI ganAke putra the / ganA siddhArthakA mukhya nivAsasthAna kuNDagrAma athavA kuNDapura thaa| vaha kollAgase bhinna aura vaizAlI ke sannikaTa kuNDagrAma / thA, yaha pahale batAyA nAcu kA hai / bauddha grantha 'mahAvagga' ke ullekhase bhI kuNDagrAmameM nAtha athavA jJAtRvaMzo kSatriyoM kA honA prakaTa hai / vahAM likhA hai ki eka maratabA ma0 gautama buddha koligrAmameM Thahare the, jahAM nAthika loga rahate the| buddha nipsa bhavanameM Thahare the usakA nAma 'nAthika-iTikA bhavana ' (ninnAvaptaya) thA / koTigrAmase vaha vaizAlI gaye the / sara ramezacaMdra datta isa koTigrAmako kuNDagrAma hI batalAte haiM aura likhate haiM ki " yaha koTigrAma vahI hai jo ki niyoM kA kuNDagrAma hai aura baura graMthoM meM nina nAtikoMkA varNana hai, ve hI jJAtrika kSatrI the|" __ yaha koTigrAma athavA kuNDagrAma vaizAlIkA samIpavartI nagara 1-mahAvagga 6 / 30-11 (SBE. XVII) pR0 108 / 2-bhama. pR. 68 /

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50] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / thA, isaliye bar3A vaibhavazAlI thI / jainazAstroMmeM isakI zobhAkA apUrva varNana milatA hai / phira jisa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIrakA janma honeko huA thA, usa samaya to, vaha kahate haiM, ki svayaM kuberane Akara isa nagarakA aimA divyarUpa banA diyA thA ki use dekhakara malakApurI bhI lajjita hotI thI / bhagavAnake janma paryaMta vahAM svA-aura ratnoM kI varSA huI batalAI gaI hai| rAjA siddhArthakA rAjamahala sAta maMjilakA thA aura use 'sunaMdAvattaM' prAsAda kahate the| svargalokake puSpottara vimAnase cayakara vahAMke devakA jIva bhagavAna mahAvIra. ASAr3ha zuklA SaSThIke uttagaphAlguNI nakSatra meM kA janma aura rAnI trizalAke garbhameM AyA thaa| usasamaya bAlyajIvana / unako 16 zabha svapna dRSTi par3e the* aura devoMne Akara mAnanda utsava manAyA thaa| jaina zAstroMke anupAra pratyeka tIrthakarake garbha, janma, tapa, jJAna aura mokSa avasarapara deva. gaNa Akara mAnandotsava manAte haiM / yaha utsava bhagavAnake 'paMcakalyANaka' utsava kahalAte haiM / yogya samayapara caitra zuklA trayodazoko, jaba candramA uttagaphalguNI para thA, ganI trizalAdevIne jinendra bhagavAna mahAvIrakA prasava kiyA thA / upta samaya samasta lokameM alpakAlake liye eka Ananda lahara daur3a gaI thii| bhagavAnakA lAlana-pAlana bar3e lAr3a-pyAra aura ho zayArIse hotA thaa| zaizavahAlase hI ve bar3e parAkramI the / 1-kaihii. pR0 107 / 2-u, pu0 pR. 605 / 3-u0 pu0 pa. 604 / * zvetAmbara 14 svapna batAe hai| 4-u0 pu. 1. 605 va Js. L. 266.

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [51 eka daphe unane eka matta hAthIko dekhate hI dekhate vaza kara liyA thA aura dUsarI bAra jaba ve rAjyodyAnameM bAla sahacaroM sameta khela rahe the, taba unane eka vikarAla sarpako bAtakI bAtameM kola diyA thA / vaha mahApuruSa the / unhoMne apane pUrvabhavoM itanA viziSTa puNya maMcaya kara liyA thA ki unake janmase hI aneka asAdhAraNa lakSaNa aura guNa vidyamAna the / ve janmame hI mati, ati aura bhavadhijJAnase vibhUSita the / imaliye unakA jJAna anA. yAta bar3A car3hA thaa| rAnamahalameM ve kAvya, purANa Adi granthoM kA vRddha paThana pAThana karate the / isa choTI unAse hI unakA svabhAva nyAgavRttiko liye huye thA / jaba vaha aTa varSa ke the, taba unane zrAvakoMke vratoMko grahaNa kara liyA thA / ahiMsA, manya, gola, acaurya aura parigraha pramANa niyamoM kA vaha samucita pAlana karate the / maMnayavinaya nAmaka cAraNa muni unake darzana pAra sanmatiko prApta huye the |x --- - - - ,-bhama0 pR. 69-82 / vatAMva ke arthAcIna graMthoM meM likhA hai| ki 'gendra' nAmakA eka vyAkaraNa graMya banAyA thA, kintu yaha ThIka pratIta nahIM hotA / (jana hi. bhA. 18 pR. 345) / ma0 bubake samakAlIna mataprarvatakoma eka saMjaya athavA saMjaya vAtyoputra nAmaka bhI thA / bauddha karane hai ki inake ziSya moDala yana aura sArIputra the; jo bauddha hogaye the / 'jaina zAstroM meM maudra yAyanako pahale jaina muni likhA hai / ata: ajaya vAyoputra kA bhI jana honA susaMgata hai| hama samajhate hai, saMjaya cAraNa muni aura yaha eka hI vyakti the / vizeSake liye dekho 'bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma. buddha' pR. 22-23 /

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / rAjA siddhArthane mahAna putrake janmake upalakSameM bar3A AnaMda bhagavAna mahAvIrake manAyA thaa| kuNDagrAmakI usa samaya khUba nAma / abhivRddhi huI thii| isaliye unhoMne bhagavAna kA nAma 'vaImAna' rakkhA thaa| vaise sAdhAraNataH vaha jJAta triya rUpameM prakhyAta the| unheM "mahAvIra" "vIra" "mativIra" "sanmAta" aura " nAthakulanandana" bhI kahate the / dakSiNa bhAratake eka kanar3I bhASAke granthameM bhagavAnakA eka anya nAma "vasukabAndhava" likhA hai / hindUzAstroM meM unakA nAmollekha 'mata mahiman yA mahAmAnya' rUpameM huA hai| zvetAmbaroMke 'upAsaka dazAstra' meM unako mahAmAhane' athavA 'nAyamuni' likhA hai / yaha nAma unakI sAdhu avasthAke pratIta hote haiN| miseja sTIvensama kahatI haiM ki ve jJAtaputra, nAmaputra, zAsananAyaka aura buddha nAmoMse bhI paricita haiM / yaha nAma vizeSaNa rUpameM haiM aura isa taraha ke vizeSaNa jainazAstroMmeM 1008 batalAye gaye haiN| ' vaizAliya ' ve isa kAraNa kahalAte the ki unakA sambandha vaizAlIse vizeSa thaa| kintu bauddhoMke pAlI sAhityameM unakA ullekha 'nigantha nAthaputta' ke nAmase humA hai / vaha nAthavaMzake rAjarSi the, isaliye bauddhoMne unheM isa nAmase sambodhita kiyA hai| jainazAstroMmeM bhI unakA ullekha isa rUpameM hubhA milatA hai|" -sakSyadrAe 307 / 2-lAbha0 pR0 6 / 3-jaiga0, bhA0 24 pR. 32 / 4-bha0 pA0, pR. 96-19 / 5-uda0 7 / 6-uda0 19 / 7-haoNja0, pR. 27 / 8-jina sahasranAma stotra dekho| 9-Js. II, 261. 10-bhamabu. pR0 188-270 vaJs. II.Intro. 11-Js. Pt. II. Intro. mahAvIra carita pR0, va u0 pu0 pR. 605...... /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [53 nigrantha (nigantha) ke bhAva 'bandhanoMse mukta' ke haiM, yaha bAta bauddha zAstroMse bhI prakaTa hai| usa samaya jainoM kA ullekha 'nirgrantha' nAmase hotA thA; jaise ki ve upaganta, 'AIta' nAma se prakhyAta 'nirgranya' jainI haiN| - huye the| kinhIM logoM kA vizvAsa hai ki jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI zikSA usa samaya lipibaddha nahIM thI, isaliye unako loga 'nigrantha' kahate the kintu jaina zAstroM meM nigrantha kA artha 'graMthiyoMse rahita' kiyA gayA hai aura isa zabdakA prayoga prAyaH jaina muniyoM ke liye hI huA hai; yadyapi bauddha zAstroma kahA gRhastha aura muni sabake liye samAna rUpameM vyavahRta huA milatA hai| bauddhoMke 'culla nahema' meM nigrantha zrAvakoMkA devatA nigrantha likhA hai| yahAMpara nirgrantha zabda di jaina munike liye prayukta huA hai kintu 'mahAvagga' ke sIha nAmaka kathAnaka aura 'majjhimanikAya' ke 'sacca niganyaputta' ke mAkhyAnameM 'nimrantha' zabda jaina gRhastha ke liye vyavahRta humA hai / ataeva usa samaya nainasaMgha mAtra nirgrantha' nAmase paricita thaa| isa kAraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra jJAtRputra bhI 'nirgrantha ' kahe gaye haiN| bauDa kahate haiM ki mahAvIranI sarva vidyAoMke pAragAmI the, isa kAraNa 'niganya' kahalAte the| 1-DAyolaoNgsa oNpha dI buda, mA0 2 pR. 74-75 / 2-vIra, mA. 5 pR. 239-240 / 3-mUlA0 30 / 4-bhamanu0 pR. 235 / 5-niganTa sAvakAnAm nigaDo devatA pR0 171|6-mhaa0 pR0 116 // -mani. mA. 1 pR. 225 / 8-OMbu. pR0 3.2 / /

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54 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / bhagavAna mahAvIra gRhastha dazA meM tIsa varSakI avasthA taka bhagavAna mahAvIra rahe the / usa samaya zIladharmake pracArakI vizeSa bAlabrahmacArI the / AvazyaktA jAnakara unhoMne vivAha karanA svIkAra nahIM kiyA thA / valiMgadezake rAjA jitazatru apanI yazodarA nAmakI kanyA unako bheMTa karaneke lie kuNDapura lAye bhI the; kiMtu bhagavAna apane nizcaya meM dRr3ha rahe the / vaha bAlabrahmacArI the / kintu zvetAmbarAmnAyakI mAnyatA isake viruddha hai / vaha kahate haiM ki bhagavAna ne yazodarAse vivAha kara liyA thA aura isa sambaMdha se unake priyadarzanA nAmakI eka putrI huI thI / priyadarzanAkA vivAha jamAli nAmaka kisI rAjakumArase huA thA; jo uparAMta vIra saMghameM saMmilita ho muni hogayA thA aura jisane mahAvIra svAmI ke viparIta asaphala vidroha bhI kiyA thA / vivAha Adi viSayaka yaha vyAkhyA zvetAMbaroM ke prAcIna grantha 'AcArAGgasUtra' aura 'kalpasUtra' meM nahIM milatI hai aura isakI sAdRzyatA bauddhoMke ma0 buddha ke jIvanase bahuta kucha hai / aisI dazA meM usasamaya meM zIladharmakI AvazyaktAko dekhate hue bhagavAnakA bAlabrahmacArI honA hI ucita jaMcatA hai / 1- bhamabu0 pR0 42-44 / 3- zvatAmbara zAstroM meM bhagavAna mahAvIrakA yazodAke sAtha vivAha karanA aura unake putrI honA saMbhavataH siddhAntabhedako spaSTa karane ke liye likhA gayA hai; kyoMki digambara jaina siddhAntake anusAra tIrthakara bhagavAnakI puNyaprakRtikI vizeSatA ke kAraNa unake putrIkA janma honA asambhava hai / RSabhadevajIke kATadoSase do putriyAM huI thiiN| isI siddhAntabhedako spaSTa karaneke liye zvetAmbaroMne zAyada bhagavAnakA vivAha va putrI honA likha diyA hai; varan koI kAraNa nahIM ki yadi bhagavAnakA vivAha huA hotA

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra | [ 55 brahmacarya avasthA meM rAjasukhakA upabhoga karake bhagavAna mahAbhagavAna mahAvIrakA vIrane gRhatyAga kiyA thaa| isasamaya inakI gRhatyAga / avasthA karIba tIna varSakI thii| unhoMne usasamayake rAjonmatta rAjakumAroM aura AjIvikoM evaM brAhmaNa RSiyoM jaise sAdhuoM ko mAno pUrNa brahmacaryakA mahattva hRdayaMgama to digambarAnnAyake zAstra usakA ullekha na karate jaba va anya tIrthakaroMkA vivAha huA likhate hai / bauddha granthoM meM bhI bhagavAnakI putrI AdikA kucha ullekha nahIM milatA hai| zvetAmbara zAstroM meM bhagavAnakI jIvanIkA citraNa bahuta kucha ma0 buddha ke jIvanacaritra ke DhaMgapara huA hai / aisA vidita hotA hai ki pAlI piTakoM ko sAmane rakhakara ve0 graMthokI racanA I0 kI TI za0 meM huI hai / isakA sapramANa varNana hama agAr3I kareMge / yahAM itanA batalA denA paryApta hai bhI isa vAtako svIkAra karate haiM ki zvetAmbarIne vRtAnta ma0 buddha ke jIvanacaritra ke anusAra aura usIke AdhArase likhA hai / ( inDiyana se oNpha dI jensa, pR0 45 ) ' lalitavistara' aura 'nidAnakathA' nAmaka bauddhagranthoMmeM jaisA caritra gautama buddhakA diyA huA hai: usase tAmge dvArA varNita bha0 mahAvIra ke caritrameM kaI bAtoM meM sAdRzyatA hai | (kehi0 10 156) udAharaNa ke taurapara dekhiye, yaha sAdRzya janma se hI prArambha hojAtA hai / ma0 vRddhake viSayameM kahA gayA hai ki unako mAlUma thA, vaha svargase caya hokara ke amuka rItise janma dhAraNa kreNge| bha0 mahAvIra ke sambandhameM bhI zvetAmbara grantha yahI kahate haiM ki unako apane AgamanakA jJAna tIna prakAra se thA / yuvAvasthAko lIjiye to jaise bauddha kahate haiM ki buddhakA vivAha yazodA nAmaka rAjakanyA se huA thA, vaise hI iMvetAmbara bhI batalAte hai ki mahAvIrajI kA vivAha mazodarA nAmaka rAjakumArIse huA thA / vetAmbara zAstra kahane hai ki bhagavAnake mAtA pitAne unako dIkSA grahaNa karanese rokA thA; ki pAzcAtya vidvAn mahAvIrajIkA jIvana ' * yuddhake sambandhame yahI kahA jAtA hai| vetAmbarokA mata hai ki bhagavA

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56 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | karAne ke liye tabataka brahmacArI rahakara kaThina indriyanigraha aura parISada jaya karaneke mArga meM paga bar3hAnekA nizcaya kara liyA thA / apane pitA ke rAjakArya meM sahAyatA dete hue aura gRhasthakI raMgaraliyoM meM rahate hue bhI bhagavAna saMyamakA vizeSa rIti se abhyAsa kara rahe the | unake hRdayapara vairAgyakA gADhA raMga pahale se hI car3hA huA thA | sahasA eka roja unako AtmajJAna prakaTa huA aura vaha uThakara ' vanaSaNDa ' nAmaka udyAnameM pahuMca ge| mAtA-pitA Adine unako bahuta kucha rokanA cAhA; kintu vaha una sabako mIThI vANI se prasanna kara vidA le Aye ! mArgazIrSa zuklA kI dazamIko vaha apanI 'candrAbhA' nAmaka pAlakhI meM ArUr3ha ho nAyakhaMDa nakI gRhasthadazAmeM hI unake mAtA pitAkA svargavAsa hogayA thA aura unake jyeSTha bhrAtA nandivarddhana rAjyAdhikArI hue the / bauddha granthoMneM bhI ma buddhakI mAtAkA janmate hI paralokavAsI honA likhA hai tathA unameM unake bhAI nanda batAye gaye haiM / ( sAmsa0 pR0 126 ) ma0 buddha 'sambodhi' prApta kara leneke pazcAt bhI kavalAhAra karate the / ( mahAvagga SBE pR0 82) bhagavAna mahAdIrake viSaya meM bhI zvetAmbara zAstra yahI kahate haiM / ma0 buddhake jIvana meM unake bhikSu saMgha meM matameda khar3A huA thA ( mahAvagga 8 ); zvetAmbara bhI kahate haiM ki bhagavAnake jamAI jamAThIne unake viruddha eka asaphala AvAz2a uThAI thI / bauddha kahate haiM ki pariniyAna ke samaya bhI ma0 buddhane upadeza diyA thA / aura unake zarIrAntapara licchivi, malla Adi rAjA Aye the ( Beal's Life of Buddha, 101 - 131 ) zvetAmbara bhI kahate hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrane pAvAmeM pahuMcakara nirvANa samaya meM kucha pahale taka upadeza diyA thA aura unake nirvANapara licchivi, mala Adi rAjagaNa Aye the / buddhakI mRtyu uparAnta unakA saMgha vaizAlI meM ekatrita huA thA aura usane piTaka graMthoMko vyavasthita kiyA thaa| isake bAda azoka ke samaya meM

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [57 athavA vanakhaMDa udyAna meM pahuMcakara uttarAbhimukha ho azokavRkSake nIce ratnamaI zilApara virAjamAna hogae the| unhoMne saba vastrAbhUSaNa isasamaya tyAga diye the aura siddhoMko namaskAra karake paMcamuSTi loMca kiyA thaa| isaprakAra nigrantha zramaNa ho vaha dhyAnamagna hogae aura unako zIghra hI sAta labdhiyAM evaM manaHparyaya jJAnakI prApti huI thii| zvetAmbara AmnAyake zAstroMmeM likhA hai ki bhagavAna dIkSA bhagavAna mahAvIrakI samaya nagna huye the / indrane dIkSA samayase digambara dIkSA / eka varSa aura eka mahInA uparAnta ' devadupya vastra dhAraNa karAyA thaa| isake pazcAt ve nagna hogaye the| bhI vaha ekatrita huA thaa| isItaraha zvetAmbara kahate hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake uparAnta jainasaMgha pATalIputrameM ekatrita huA thaa| aura usane siddhAntako muvyavasthita kiyA thaa| phira vallabhImeM bhI vaha ekatra huA thaa| sArAMzataH bhagavAna mahAvIrake jIvana sambandhameM jo ghaTanAeM kevala zvetAmbara pranyoM meM likhI huI hai| unakA mAdRzya ma0 buddhake jIvanase khuba hai aura zve. Agama pranyoM kA saMkalana bhI prAyaH bauboke piTaka pranyoMke samAna milatA hai| ataH yaha jaMcatA hai ki unane bauddhoke AdhArase ukta jIvana ghaTanAe likhI hai| isa avasthAmeM unapara vizvAsa karanA z2arA kaThina hai| __ -jainazAnoM meM jJAna pAMca prakArakA batalAyA hai:-(1) mati, (2) zruta, (3) avadhi, (4) manaHparyaya, (5) kevaTajJAna / matijJAna saMsArake dRzya padArthokA jJAna hai, jo indriyoM va manadvArA jAnA jAsaktA hai| matijJAnane sApa2 zAmro svAdhyAya aura adhyayanase prApta pahAyoMke jJAnako zrutamAna kahate hai| una saba bAtokA jJAna jo varta rahI ho vinA vahAM jAehI The beTe jAna leneko avadhi kahate hai| dUsaroMke manobhAvako jAna lenA manaHparyaya hai aura bagatake bhUta bhaviSya vartamAnake samasta padArthoko yugapata jAna lenA kevalajJAna hai| 2-Js. I. P. 79.

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58] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / 'devadRSya vastra' se kyA bhAva hai, yaha zvetAmbara zAstroMmeM nahIM batakAyA gayA hai / vaha kahate haiM ki devadUpya vastra pahine huye bhI bhagavAna nagna dikhate the | isakA sApha artha yahI hai ki ve nagna the / eka nippakSa vyakti unake kathanase isake atirikta aura koI matalaba nikAla hI nahIM saktA hai? | phalataH zvetAmbarIya zAstroM meM bhI bhagavAnakA nagna digambara muni honA pragaTa hai| acelaka athavA nagna dazAko unake 'AcArAMga sUtra' meM sarvotkRSTa avasthA batalAI 62 / acelakase bhAva yathAjAta nagna svarUpake atirikta yahAMpara aura kucha nahIM hosakta; yaha bAta bauddha zAstroMke kathanase spaSTa hai| bauddha zAstroMmeM jaina muniyoM athavA nigrantha zramaNoMko sarvatra nagna sAdhu likhA hai aura yaha sAdhu kevala bhagavAna mahAvIrake tIrthake hI nahIM hai, pratyuta unase pahale bhagavAna pArzvanAthanIke tIrthake bhI haiM / ataeva bhagavAna pArzvanAtha evaM anya tIrthakaroMkA pUrNa nagna dazAko sAdhu avasthAmeM dhAraNa karanA pramANita hai| zvetAmbarIya AcArAMga sutrameM bhI zAyada isI apekSA likhA hai ki 'tIrthaGkaroMne bhI isa nagna vezako dhAraNa kiyA thaa|' isase pratyakSa pragaTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke atirikta avazeSa tIrthaGkaroMne 1-kasU0 sTIvensana, pR0 85 phuTanoTa / 2-J8. Pt. I. pp. 55-56. 3-dIni0 pATikasutta; vIra varSa 4 pR0 353 / 4-bhamabu0 pR0 60-61 aura 249-255, jaise divyAvadAna pR0 185, jAtakamAlA ( S. B. B. Vol. I.) pR0 145, mahAvagga 8, 15, 3,1, 38, 16, DAyolaoNgsa oNpha dI buddha bhA0 3 pR0 14 ityAdi / 5-mamabu0 pR0 236-240 / 6-J. S. I pp:57-58.. 8. Pt. 1. aura gata vIra varSa 5. jAtakamAlA

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jAtreka kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [59 bhI isa digambara dIkSAko grahaNa kiyA thaa| bauddhAcArya buddhaghoSa acelaka zabdaka artha nagna hI karate haiM / jana muniyoM kA ullekha svayaM jana granthoM evaM bauddhoMke pAlI aura cInI bhASAoMke granthoM meM bhI acelaka rUpase huA milatA hai / hinduoM ke prAcInase prAcIna zAstroMmeM bhI jaina muniyoMko 'nagna' 'vivasana' Adi likhA hai| acelaka arthAt nagna dazA hI kalyANakArI hai aura yahI mokSa prApta karAne kA sanAtana liMga hai, yaha bAta janamatameM prAcInakAlase svIkRta hai| ataeva jaina muniyoMke yathAnAta digambara veSameM zaMkA karanA vRthA hai / vAstavameM sAMsArika baMdhanoMse mukti usI hAlatameM mila saktI hai, jaba manuSya vAhya padArthose raMcamAtra bhI sambandha athavA saMsarga nahIM rakhatA hai / isI kAraNa eka jaina muniko apanI icchAoM aura AkAMkSAoMpara sarvathA vinayI honA paramAvazyaka hotA hai / isa vinayameM use sarvopari 'lajjA' ko parAsta karanA par3atA hai / yaha prAkRta susaMgata hai / saMyamI puruSako asalI hAlataapane prArata svarUpameM pahuMcanA hai / ataeva yaha yathAnAta rUpa usake liye paramAvazyaka hai| usa vyaktikI nisTahatA aura iMdriyanigrahakA pratyakSa pramANa hai / nagnadazAmeM vaha sAMsArika saMsargase chUTa jAtA hai| kapar3oMkI jhaMjhaTase chUTanepara manuSya aneka jhaMjhaTose chuTa 1-kacelako ti niccelo naggo-pApazca sUdana, Siamese Ed. II, p. 67. 2-bhamabu0 pR0 255-dIni. pATika sutt| 3-vAra, mA. 4 pR. 354 / 4-Rgveda 10-135; varAhamihira saMhitA 19-11 va 45-50 mahAmArata 326-27, viSNupurANa // 18; mAgavata 13, bedAntamRtra 2 / 2 / 33-36: dazakumAra carita 2 ityaadi|

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~ ~ ~ ~ ~ saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / kara pUrNa svataMtra hojAtA hai / jainoMke nikaTa vizeSa Avazyaka jo jala hai, so ima bheSameM kapar3oMke na hone ke kAraNa usakI bhI jarUrata nahIM pdd'tii| ___ vastutaH hamArI bugaI bhalAIkI jAnakArI hI hamAre mukta honemeM bAdhaka hai / muktilAma karaneke lie hameM yaha bhUla jAnA cAhiye ki hama nagna haiN| jaina sAdhu isa vAtako bhUla gaye haiN| isIliye unako kapar3oMkI AvazyaktA nahIM hai| vaha paramotkRSTa aura upAdeya dazAko pahuMca cuke haiM / isa digambara bheSako kevala jainoMne hI nahIM pratyuta hinduoM IsAiyoM aura musalamAnoMne bhI sAdhupanakA eka cinha mAnA hai| sArAMzataH yaha pragaTa hai ki agavAna mahAvIrane gRha tyAga karake isI digaMbara bheSako dhAraNa kiyA thA / zvetAmbara jaina AcArya antataH kahate haiM ki " una ( bhagavAna mahAvIra ) ke tIna nAma isaprakAra jJAta haiM ki unake mAtA-pitAne unakA nAma varddhamAna rakkhA thA, kyoMki ve rAgadveSase rahita the; ve 'zramaNa' isaliye kahe jAte the ki unhoMne bhayAnaka upasarga aura kaThina kaSTa sahana kiye the, uttama nagna avasthAkA abhyAsa kiyA thA aura sAMsArika duHkhoMko sahana kiyA thA; aura pUjyanIya 'zramaNa mahAvIra', ve devoM dvArA kahe gaye the|" dIkSA grahaNa kara leneke uparAnta bhagavAna mahAvIrane DhAI bhagavAnakA prathama dinakA upavAsa kiyA aura usake pUrNa honepara paarnnaa| jaba vaha muni avasthAmeM sarva prathama mAhAra grahaNa karaneke liye nikale to kulanagarake kulanRpane unako 1-bhamabu0 pR. 59-60 / 2-Js. T. P. 193.

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra | [ 62 par3agAhakara bhaktipUrvaka AhAradAna diyA thA' / rAjA aura nagarakA eka hI nAma, gaNarAjyakA dyotaka hai aura yaha Upara kahA hI jAcukA hai ki yaha kulapura nAthavaMzI kSatriyoMkI vizeSa vastI 'kolaga' hI thI aura kulanRpa vahAMke kSatriyoMke pramukha netA the / bhagavAnakA pAraNA unhIMke yahAM huA thA | kulapurase bhagavAna dazarathapurako gaye the / vahAM bhI isI kulanagne jAkara bhagavAnako duSa aura cAMvalakA AhAra diyA thA / isaprakAra parama pAtrako AhAradAna dekara isa rAjAne viziSTa puNya saMcaya kiyA thA / usake yahAM devoMne ratnavRSTi Adi paMcazcarya kiye the / isake uparAnta bhagavAna mahAvIra vanako vApasa cale gaye aura dhyAnamagna hogaye the / phira vahAMse ve bhavanAmaka rudrakA upasarga 1 anyatra vihAra kara gaye the / kitane hI sthAnoneM vicarate huye ve ujjayanI pahuMce the / abhI ve alajJa the aura isa kAraNa maunase rahane huye, kevala AtmasvarUpameM lIna rahate the / ujjayanI pahuMcakara vaha ' atimuktaka' nAmaka smazAnabhUmimeM rAtri ke samaya pratimAyoga dhAraNa karake, dhyAnalIna khar3e the / usa samaya bhava nAmaka rudrane unapara aneka prakArake upasarga kiye the; kintu vaha una 'vibhava' arthAt saMsAra rahitako jIva na sakA thA / mantameM usane una minanAthako namaskAra kiyA aura unakA nAma anivIra rakkhA thA | I 611-612 / 2-mama0 10 1 - u pu0 612-613 / Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 98 / 3- pu0 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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62] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / zvetAmbara zAstroMmeM isake atirikta bhagavAnapara anya bahu tase upasarga hone kA varNana milatA hai; kintu anya upsrg| - unameM aitihAsika tattva bahuta kama hone aura unameM mAtra bhagavAnake kaThora tapazcaraNa aura mahAn sahanazIlatAko pragaTa karane kA mUla uddezya rahane ke kAraNa unako yahAMpara likhanA anAvazyaka hai / sacamuca bhagavAn mahAvIrake jIvana kA mahatva unakI isa kaSTasahiSNutAmeM nahIM hai, pratyuta usa Atmabala aura deha viraktimeM hai, jahAMse isa guNakA aura isake sAtha 2 aura bhI kaI guNoMkA udgama huA thA / ekavAra apane anupama saundaryase vizvako vimohita karanevAlI aneka sundara salonI devaramaNiyAM mahAvIrajIke yAsa Akara rAsa racane lagI aura nAnAprakArake hAvabhAva, kaTAkSa aura mohaka aMga vizeSase ve apanI keli-kAmanA pragaTa karane lagI, ki jise dekhakara kisI sAdhAraNa yuvA tapasvIkA skhalita hojAnA bahuta sambhava thA; kintu bhagavAn mahAvIrapara isa kAmasanyakA bhI kucha asara na huaa| mahAvIra bhajeya the / phalataH deva. ramaNiyAM apanAtA mu~ha lekara calI gii| yaha ghaTanA unake Atmabala aura iMdriya nigrahakI pUrNatAkI dyotaka hai| zvetAmbaroMke 'bhagavatIsUtra' meM kathana hai ki gRha tyAgakara dusare varSa jaba bhagavAn chadmastha dazAmeM rAjagRha ke makkhali goshaal| nikaTa nAlandA nAmaka gAMvameM virAjamAna the; taba makkhaliputra gozAla nAmaka eka bhikSu bhI bhagavAnake atizayako aura rAjagRhake zreSThI vinaya dvArA unakA vizeSa bhAdara hotA 1-camama0 pR. 154-155 / 6-bhagavatI 15-uda0 Appendix.

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [63 dekhakara unakA ziSya honeko tatpara thaa| kintu isa samaya bhAvAnane usako apanA ziSya nahIM bnaayaa| nAlandAse bhagavAn kollAga pahuMca gaye, jahAM brAhmaNa bAhulane unako mAhAra diyA thaa| gozAla bhagavAnako DhUMr3hatA huA bahAM ThIka usI samaya pahuMcA jaba bahutase loga bAhunake ukta AhAradAnakI prazaMptA kara rahe the| yahAMpara gozAlakI prArthanAko mahAvIranIne svIkAra kara liyA likhA hai : arthAta unhoMne gozAlako apanA ziSya banA liyaa| phira gozAla aura mahAvIrajI donoM nane sAtha sAtha chai varSa taka paNiyamUmimeM rahe / 'bhagavatIsUtra' kA yaha kathana zvetAmbaroMke dUsare grantha 'kamasutra' ( 122 ) se ThIka nahIM baiThanA / vahAM bhagavAnako paNiyabhUmimeM kevala eka varSa hI vyatIta kiyA likhA hai| isake atirikta yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai ki bhagavAna jaba svayaM chadmatha the taba unhoMne gozAlako apanA ziSya banAyA ho / unake bhAcArAGgamUtra meM spaSTa likhA hai ki bhagavAna chadmatha dazAmeM bolate nahIM the-maunakA abhyAsa karate the| ataeva 'bhagavatI' kA uparokta kathana svayaM unake hI graMthase bAdhita hai evaM anya vidvAna bhI anya prakAra imI nirUpaMpara pahuMce haiM ki makkhaligozAla bhagavAna mahAvIrakA ziSya nahIM thaa|' uparAnta 'bhagavatImatra' meM batalAyA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra gozAla naba siddhasthagAmase kumbhagAmako jArahe the, to mArgame eka phala phUlI latA vizeSako dekhakara gozAlane jijJAsA kI ki 'latAza nAza hogA yA nahIM aura phira usake bona kahAM prakaTa 1-AmU. Ja. I P. 50-5.. 2-mAjI pR0 118, higlI. pR. 26 va Js. II Intro.

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64 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa hoMge / ' mahAvIrajIne uttara meM kahA ki 'latAkA nAza hogA, kiMtu usake bIjoMse phira usakI utpatti hogI / ' gozAlane isapara vizvAsa nahIM kiyA / usane lauTakara latAko nauMcakara phaiMka diyA | honI ke sira isI samaya pAnI bhI barasa gayA; jisase usakI jar3a harI hogaI aura usameM bIja laga Aye / jaba gozAla aura mahAvIrajI vahAMse phira nikale to gozAlane mahAvIrajIko unake kathanakI yAda dilAI aura kahA ki latA naSTa nahIM huI hai / mahAvIrajIne latApara tabataka jo hAlata gujarI thI, vaha jyoMkI tyoM saba bAta batA dii| isa ghaTanA se gozAlane yaha vizvAsa kara liyA ki kevala vRkSalatA hI naSTa honepara phira usI zarIra meM jIvita hote hoM, kevala yahI bAta nahIM hai; balki pratyeka jIvita prANI isI prakAra punaH mRtazarIra meM jIvita ( Reanimate ) hoktA hai ! bhagavAna mahAvIra gozAlakI isa mAnyatAse sahamata nahIM huye / isapara gozAlane apanI rAstA lI aura tapazcaraNakA abhyAsa karake usane maMtravAdameM kucha yogyatA pAlI / phalataH vaha apaneko 'jina' ghoSita karane lagA aura zrAvastI meM jAkara AjIvika saMpradAyakA netA bana gayA / isI samaya apanI saMpradAya ke siddhAMtoMko usane nizcita kiyA thA; jinako usane ' pUrvI 'ke 'mahAnimitta' nAmaka eka bhAgase liyA thA / S . bhagavAna ne usake jinatvako svIkAra nahIM kiyA thA / gozAlane jaina saMpradAyako kaSTa pahuMcAneke bahu prayatna kiye the aura mantataH usakI mRtyu burI taraha zrAvastI meM eka kummArake ghara huI thii| 1 - oNjI pR0 41 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura manavAna mahAvIra / [65 zvetAmbarAcAryane isa kathAmeM gozAlako khUba hInAcArI pragaTa karanekA prayatna kiyA hai| nimameM vaha siddhAnta virodhako bhI bhUla gaye haiM / ataH unake kathana meM aitihAsika tatva prAyaH nahIM ke barAbara hai| nava chadmastha dazAmeM gozAlakA bhagavAnakA ziSya honA hI bAdhita hai, taba zeSa kathAko mahatva denA jarA kaThina hai / digambara jaina saMpadAyake zastra 'bhagavatI' ke uparokta digambara zAloM meM kathanase mahamata nahIM haiN| unameM likhA hai gozAla kA ullekha / ki maksvalogozAla bhagavAna pAzvanAthanIkI ziSyaparaMparAke eka muni the; parantu nima samaya bhagavAna mahAvIrake mamavazaraNameM unakI niyukti gaNagharapada para nahIM huI, to vaha ruSTa hokara zrAvastI meM Akara AnIvika saMpradAyake netA bana gae the| aura apane ko tIrthakara pratighoSita karake yaha upadeza dene lage the ki jJAnase mokSa nahIM hotA; ajJAnase ho mokSa hotA hai| deva yA Izvara koI hai hI nhiiN| isalie svecchApUrvaka zUnyakA dhyAna hI karanA caahiye| devasenAcAryake ( 10vIM zatAbdI ) darzanasAra' aura 'bhAvaanyatholoMse gira saMgraha ' nAmaka granthoM meM yaha varNana vizeSa zAstroMkA samarthana, rItise hai| zrI nemicandrAcAryake 'gomaTTagozAla pArzvanAthako mA' meM bhI gozAlakI gaNanA ajJAnamatameM paraMparAkA ziSya / kI gaI hai| yahI bAta zvetAmbaroMke sutra. rutAMga' graMthameM likhI huI hai| bauddhoMke 'samA phalasUtta' meM bhI gozAlakI isa ajJAnamatarUpa mAnyatAkA ullekha milatA hai| vahAM gozA. lako yaha mata pragaTa karate hue likhA hai ki 'ajJAnI aura jJAnI 1-mama*0 20 / 5-sUtrahatAMga 2 05 5

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / saMsArameM bhramaNa karate huye samAna rItise duHkhakA anta karate haiN|' (saMghAvitvA saMsaritvA duHkhassAntam karissanti), pAtaMjaline bhI apane pANanisUtrake bhASyameM gozAlake sambaMdha kucha aisA hI siddhAMta nirdiSTa kiyA hai / usane likhA hai ki vaha 'maskari' kevala vAMsakI char3I hAthameM leneke kAraNa nahIM kahalAtA thA; pratyuta isaliye ki vaha kahatA thA-"karma mata karo, karma mata karo, kevala zAMti hI vAMchanIya hai|" ( mA kRta karmANi, mA kata karmANi ityaadi)| ataeva digambara jainAcAryane makkhaligozAlako jo ajJAna matakA pracAraka likhA hai, vaha Thoka pratIta hotA hai| aura anya zrotoMse yaha bhI pragaTa hai ki vaha vidhikI rekhako bhamiTa mAnatA thaa| kahatA thA ki jo bAta honI hai, vaha avazya hogI; aura umameM pApa-puNya kucha nahIM hai / isa avasthAmeM usake nikaTa IzvarakA astitva na honA svAbhAvika hai / isa prakAra di. zAstroMkA uparokta kathana ThIka jaMcatA hai / aura yaha mAnanA par3atA hai ki makkhali gozAla bhagavAna pArzvanAthanI ke tIrthakA eka muni thA aura bahuzrutI hote huye bhI jA use zrI vIra bhagavAna ke samavazaraNameM pramukha sthAna na milA, to vaha unase ruSTa hokara svataMtra rItise ajJAnamatakA pracAra karane lgaa| kintu devasenAcArya nIne makkhali gozAlakA nAmollekha 'maskamakkhaligozAla aura ripuraNa' rUpame kiyA hai| saMbhava hai. isase pUraNa kastapa / pUraNa usakA bhAva gozAlase na samajhA jAya aura jaina muni thaa| uparokta kathanako asaMgata mAnA jAya kiMtu 1-dIni bhaa02.53-54|2-aajii0 pR. 12|3-bhaavsNgrhgaa. 176i

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [ 67 vAstava meM bAta yaha hai ki makkhali gozAlakA nAmollekha 'makkhali gozAla' ke atirikta ' maMkhaliputra gozAla' aura 'maskari' rUpameM bhI huA milatA hai / devasenAcAryane naskari rUpameM unhIM kA ullekha kiyA hai / unhoMne maskarikI zikSAyeM batalAI haiM unakA sAmaMjasya makkhala gozALakI zikSAoMse baiTha jAnA, isa bAtakI paryApta sAkSI hai ki unakA bhAva makkhali gozAlase hI hai / pUraNase devasenAcAkA abhiprAya usa samayake eka anya prakhyAt sAdhuse hai / bauddha loga - (1) puraNa kalapa, (2) makkhali gozAla, (3) ajita kesakambalI, (4) pakuDhakaccAyana, (5) saMjaya vairatthI putra aura (6) niganTha nAtha puttakI gaNanA usa samayakI prakhyAta RSiyoM meM karate haiM' | niganTha nAthaputta arthAt bhagavAn mahAvIra ke atirikta avazepakI ma0 buddhane tIvra AlocanA bhI kI hai / 1 yaha saba hI RSigaNa bhagavAn mahAvIrase vayameM avika aura unase pahale ke the / nipa pUraNakA ullekha devasenAcAryane kiyA hai, vaha pUgNa kapapa hI pratIta hotA hai / isakA sambaMdha gozALase vizeSa thA, isa kAraNa ina donoM kA ullekha sAtha sAtha kiyA jAnA sumaMgata hai / bauddhoMke 'aMguttara nikAya' meM puraNako gozAlakA ziSya 1 pragaTa karane jaisA ullekha hai tathA gozALake chai abhijAti siddhAMta ko puraNakA batalAyA gayA hai| yahAM galatI honA azakya hai; balki isa siddhAMta mizraNase unakA pArasparika ghaniSTa sambaMdha hI pragaTa hotA hai; jise DaoN0 ja ke cArapenTiyara sA0 bhI svIkAra karate hai / 1- doni0 mA0 2 pR0 150 / 2- higlI 0 10 27-28 / 3- diglI * pR0 25-26 / 4-aMgu0 bhA0 3 pR0 383 / 530 bhA0 43 /

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68 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / donoM hI sAdhu puNya-pApako bhI nahIM mAnate the / ataH gozAla aura puraNakA eka hI matake anuyAyI honA siddha hai aura bahuta karake vaha guru ziSyavat the / isa dazA meM jainAcAryane una donoM kA nAmollekha eka sAtha prakaTa karake, yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki unakA sambaMdha avazya eka hI matase thA; jisako AjIvika kahate the / kucha vidvAn gozAlako AjIvika matakA netA aura pUraNako acelaka matakA mukhiyA samajhate haiM; kiMtu yaha yathArthatA ke viparIta hai / ' 1 ra vAstava meM upa samaya acelaka nAmakA koI svataMtra saMpradAya 'acelaka' niyaMNoMkA nahIM thA / aMguttara nikAya meM usa samaya ke dyotaka hai / taba isa prakhyAta matoMkI jo sUcI dI haiM, usameM nAmakA ke!I alaga acelaka nAmakA koI saMpradAya nahIM hai / sampradAya nahIM thA | malUna to aisA hotA hai ki acelaka zabda usa samaya zramaNa zabdakI taraha nagna sAdhuoMke liye vyavahRta hotA thA au' mukhyataH usakA prayoga jaina saMpradAya aura usake sAdhuoMke liye hotA the / nirgratha zrAvakakA putra saccaka acelaka logoM kI / / / jina kriyAyoM kA ullekha karatA hai, vaha ThIka jaina muniyoMkI kriyAyoMke samAna hai / isake atirikta aura bhI kaI sthaloMpara bauddhoMne 'acelaka' zabdakA prayoga jainoMke liye kiyA hai / ataeva AjI 7- Js. II. Intro XXVIII ff. 2- bhamabu0 pR0 208 / 3- vIra bhA0 3 pR0 319-321 va bhA0 4 pR0 353 | 4-cInI tripiTakameM bhI 'acelakA vyavahAra jainoMke liye huA hai (vIra 4 / 353), dIni0 u0 pR0 23 va AjI0 135 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra | 69 vika saMpradAya ke samAna acela ko bhI eka saMradAya mAnanA ucita nahIM hai aura na vaha AjIvikoMkA hI apara nAma thA / kinhIM vidvAnoMkA yaha bhI anumAna hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIbhagavAna mahAvIrapara ranIne apane dharma nirmANa meM bahutasI bAtoMkI gozAlakA prabhAva sahAyatA AjIvika saMpradAya se lI thI !' nahIM par3A thaa| khAsakara vaha kahate haiM ki nagnatAko bhagavAna mahAvIrane gozAlase grahaNa kiyA thA; kiMtu unake isa kathana meM bahuta kama tathya hai / jisa samaya zvetAMbaroMke anusAra gozAla mahA1 / vIrajIko milA thA, usa samaya vaha savastra thA | bhagavAna ke sAtha rahakara usane vastroMkA tyAga kiyA thA aura taba usako bhagavAnane apanA ziSya banAyA thA, yaha pragaTa hai / atha ca yaha bhI jJAta hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrajIne sAdhu dIkSA grahaNa karaneke samayase hI nagnabheSa dhAraNa kiyA thA; jaise ki Upara likhA jAcukA hai / ataeva yaha bilkula asaMbhava hai ki gozAla dvArA prabhAvita hokara mahAvIrajIne nagnameSa dhAraNa kiyA ho| isI prakAra AjIvikroMke katipaya siddhAMtoM kI sadRzatA ma0 mahAvIrake siddhAMtoM se hotI dekhakara, yaha kahanA ki mahAvIrajIne apane siddhAMta gaThana meM gozAlase sahAyatA lI, kucha mahatva nahIM rakhatA; kyoMki AjIvika saMpradAyakI utpatti jisa samaya huI thI, usa samaya bhagavAna pArzvanAma dvArA nainadharmakA punaH pracAra hocukA thA / Js, II, Intros. XXIX; AjI0, hilI0 pR0 38-01 va himophi0 10 316-399 / 2 - uda0 hANake, Appendix 102 /

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70] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / ataH mainadharma meM vaha niyama AjIvikoMke pahalese hI svIkRta the| AjIvikole bhagavAna mahAvIrane bhI unhIMkA pratipAdana kiyA apane siddhAnta thA / Adhunika vidvAnoMko bhI yaha mAnya hai' liye the| ki AjIvika netA makkhaligozAla, pUraNakassapa Adipara jainadharmakA vizeSa prabhAva par3A thA aura unane jainadhamase bahuta kucha sIkhA thA / AjIvika sampradAyakA nikAsa hI jaina dharmase huA ho to koI Azcarya nhiiN| jainadharmake AdhArase AjI 1-sva. jemsa DI0 elvisa sA0 likhate haiM ki 'digambara' eka prAcIna saMpradAya samajhA jAtA thA aura uparokta sAdhuoMke siddhAMtopara jainadharmakA prabhAva par3A thA / (" In James d * Alwis' paper (Ind. Anti. VIII ) on the six Tirthakas the " Digamberas" appear to have been regarded as an old order of ascetics and all of these heretical teachers betray the influence of Jainism in their doctrines. "-Ind, Antri. Vol. IX. P. 161). DaoN hamana baikobI bhI yahI bAta prakaTa karate haiM, yathAH " The preceding four Tirthakar appear all to have adopted some or other doctrines or practices of the Jaina system, probably from the Jains themselves...... It appears from the preceding remarks that .Jain ideas & practices must bave been corrent at the time of Mahavira and independently of bim. This combined with other arguments, leads as to the opinion that the Nirgranthas (Jainas ) were really in existence long before Mahavira, who was the roformer of the already existing sect. "-Ind. Anti Ix. 162.

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [ 71 vikoMne apane siddhAnta nizcita kiye the, yaha eka mAnya viSaya haiN|" tathApi nimna vizeSatAoM ko dhyAna meM rakhane se yaha spaSTa dRSTi par3atA hai ki AjIvika matakA vikAsa jainamatase huA thA: (1) AjIvika saMpradAyakA nAmakaraNa ' AjIvika ' rUpameM isI kAraNa huA pratIta honA hai ki AjIvika sAdhu, jinakI bAhya kriyAyeM prAyaH jaina sAdhuoMke anurUpa thIM, kisI prakArakI AjIvikA karane lage the / jaina zAstroM ne sAdhuoM ko ' AjIvo ' nAmaka doSa arthAt kisI prakArakI AjIvikA karanese vilaga rahanekA upadeza hai| vastutaH AjIvika sAdhugaNa prAyaH jyotiSiyoMke rUpameM usa samaya AjIvikA karane lage the, yaha prakaTa hai / ataH unakA nAmakaraNa hI unakA nikAsa jainaghamaMse huA pragaTa karatA hai| (2) AjIvika sAdhuoMkA nagnameSa aura kaThina parISaha sahana karanese bhI unakA udgama jaina zrotase huA pratibhASita hotA hai / (3) AjIvika sAdhu prAyaH jaina tIrthakaroMke bhI bhakta milate the; jaise upaka nAmaka AnIvika sAdhu anaMtanina nAmaka caudahaveM jaina tIrthakarakA upApaka the / (4) saiddhAntika viSaya meM AjIvika jainoMke samAna hI AtmAkA mastitva mAnate the aura usako 'arogI' arthAt sAMsArika malase rahita svIkAra karate the tathA saMsAra paribhramaNa siddhAnta bhI unheM mAnya thI / 1 kehi 0, pR0 162 va irii0 bhAga 1 pR0 261 / 2-mUlAcAra - 'ghAdIdanimitte bhAjovo vaNivagedrayAdi / 3 - AjI0 pR0 67-68 / 4-AjI 0 0 pR0 55 va 62 / 5-ThAma0 pR0 30, Ariya-pariyesaNAsukta, ihikkA0 bhA0 3 10 247 | 6-Js. I. Intro. XXIX.

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / (5) jainoMkI vizeSatA aNuvAda (Atomic Thoery ) meM hai aura bhAratIya darzanameM unhIMke yahAM isakA sarva prAcIna rUpa milatA hai / AnIvika saMpradAyako bhI yaha niyama prAyaH jainadharmake anusAra hI svIkRta thaa| (6) nainoMke dvAdazAGgazrutajJAnameM 'pUrva' nAmaka bhI 12 graMtha the| unhIM meM se aSTAGga mahAnimittajJAnako AjIvikoMne grahaNa kiyA thaa| (7) makkhaligozAlane AjIvika saMpradAyameM 'cattAri pANagAyaM cattAri pANagAyaM' niyama niyata kiyA thA; jo jainoMke sallekhanAvratake samAna thaa| (8) AnIvika saMpradAyane nainoMke katipaya khAsa zabdoM (Terms) ko grahaNa kara liyA thA; yathA 'bbe sattA, savve pANA, sabbe bhUtA, sabbe jIvA, 'saMjJI', 'asaMjJo', 'adhikamma' ityaadi| (9) gozAlakA chai abhijAti siddhAnta nainoMke SaTlezyA siddhAntake sadRza hai|" (10) gozAla apaneko 'tIrthakara' pragaTa karatA thaa| tIyakara-mAnyatA sivAya jainadharmake aura kisI saMpradAyameM nahIM hai| (11) jIvoMke eka indrI, dvendriya mAdi bheda bhI nainoMke samAna mAnIvikoMko svIkRta the| _ ina bAtoMka dekhanese AjIvikoM kA nikAsa bhagavAna pArzva 1-dariI. bhA0 20 199 / 2-AjI. bhA. 1 pR. 41 pa bhama0 pR0 177-178 / 3-bhAjI0 pR. 51-54 / 4-cIra bhA0 3 pR. 318 / 5-Js. II. Intro. 6-Js. II. Intra

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [73 nAthake tIrthameM jainadharmase huA mAnanA kucha anucita nahIM jaMcama hai| gozAla aura puraNa isa saMpradAyake mukhya netA the / gozAlane isa dharmakA pracAra 24 varSataka karake zrAvaNI meM hAlAhalAkI kuMbhArazAlAmeM mahAvIranIke nirvANase solaha varSa pahale maraNa kiyA thaa| isa samaya usane apane kRtadoSoMkA prAyazcitta bhI leliyA thA aura pragaTa kara diyA thA ki vaha sarvajJa nahIM hai / ' AjIvika sAdhu acyuta athavA sahasrAra svargataka gamana karate haiN| gozAlake mRtyu uparAnta bhI bhAjIvikamatakA pracAra rahA thA / saMbhavataHmahApadma nanda mAnIvika thA aura azokane nAgArjunI parvatapara inake liye guphAyeM banavAI thiiN| uparokta kathanase yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrakI chadmastha gozAla bhagavAnake dazAmeM makkhali gozAla unake sAtha avazya sAtha rahA thA, parantu rahA thA / zvetAmbara zAstra to yaha spaSTataH unakA ziSya nahIM thaa| pragaTa karate hI haiM, kintu digambara zAstrake isa kathanase ki bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke samozaraNameM use agrasthAna na milaneke kAraNa vaha unase ruSTa hokara prathaka hogayA thA, yaha pragaTa hai ki vaha bhagavAna mahAvIrajI kevalajJAna prApta karane ke samaya avazya unake nikaTa thaa| ataH vaha bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA upadeza prArambha honeke nA pahale hIse apane pajAnamatakA.pracAra karane lagA thaa| DaoN. hArNale mA0 bhagavAna mahAvIrake kevalajJAna 1-vizeSake kiye 'AjI.', 'bhama', 'vIra' varSa 3 aMka 11-13 va disambara jaina, bhA0 19 aMka 1-2 6-7 se| 2-trilokasAra 545 va bhAcArabAra 120.6 / 315-AjI* * 67-89 / .

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / prApta karaneke samayase do varSa pahile gozAlane svadharma pracAra prArambha kiyA, batalAte haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ujjainIse vihAra karake kauzAMbI pahuMce the| mahAvIrako kevala- yahAMpara unakA AhAra dalita avasthAmeM hI jJAnakI praapti| rahatI huI rAjakumArI candanAke yahAM humA thA; jisase bhagavAnakA patitoddhAraka svarUpa spaSTa hokara mana moha letA hai / kauzAMbIse bhagavAna punaH ekAMtavAsameM nizcala dhyAnArUr3ha rahe the| unhoMne eka Taka bAraha varSa taka duddhara tapazcaraNa karanekA kaThina parantu dRr3hatama Atmabala pragaTa karanevAlA niyama grahaNa kiyA thaa| isa bAraha varSake tapazcaraNake uparAMta unako pUrNajJAnakI prApti huI thii| digambara aura zvetAMbara donoM hI saMpradAyoMke zAstra jIvanakI isa mukhya ghaTanAke samaya mahAvIranIkI avasthA byAlIpsa varSakI batalAte haiN| zvetAMbara zAstra kahate haiM ki uparokta bAraha varSakI ghora tapasyAkA abhyAsa unane lAr3ha dezake do bhAgoM-vajabhUmi aura submabhUmike madhya jAkara kiyA thA aura unako vahIM kevalajJAnakI prApti huI thii| mahAvIrakI mahAna vijayake hI kAraNa lAdakA ukta pradeza 'vinayabhUmi' ke nAmase prakhyAt huA thaa| bhagavAnane 'vijaya muhUrta meM hI sarvajJapada pAyA thaa| usa samaya yaha bAr3ha deza bar3A duzcara thA aura bhagavAnako yahAMpara bar3I gahana kaThinAiyoMkA sAmanA karanA par3A thaa| kintu -Appendiss. 2-hari0 pR. 575 va Js. I. p. 269. 3-Js. I, p, 263. 4-ihikka.. bhA0 4 pR. 44 / 5-kehiha. pR. 158 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [75 ve una sabapara vijayI huye the aura unhoMne sarvajJa hokara 'vijayadharma' pratiSoSita karane kA ucca ninAda kiyA thaa| kevalajJAna prAptikI mahatvapUrNa ghaTanAke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki eka 'suvrata' nAmaka dinako RjukUlA athavA RjupAlikA nadIke vAmataTapara jRmbhaka nAmaka grAmake nikaTa pahuMca kara, aparAhnake samajha acchI taraha se SaSThopavAmako dhAraNa karake mAlavRkSake nIce eka caTTAnapara Aptana jamAkara mahAvIrajIne vaizASa zuklA dazamIke tithimeM sarvajJapadako prApta kiyA thA / ipta samaya uttarAphAlgunI nakSatra aura vinayamuharta thaa| jisa sthAnapara bhagavAnane kevalajJAnakI vibhUti pAI thI, vaha sthAna sAmAga nAmaka kRSakake khetameM thA aura eka prAcIna maMdirase uttara pUrvakI ora thA / vahAM mahAvIrajI sarvajJa huye aura parama vaMdanIya paramAtmA hogaye the| vaha zuddha buddha caitanya svarUpa sazarIra Izvara athavA pUjya ahaMta yA tIrthakara huye the| samasta lokameM AnaMda chAgayA aura devoMne bhAkara usa samaya pAnaMdotsava manAyA thaa| mAna spaSTarUpameM yaha vidita nahIM hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrakA bhagavAna mahAvIrako kevalajJAna sthAna kahAMpara hai ? magavAnake kevalahAna-sthAna / janma va nirvANasthAnoMke samAna jaina samAnameM kisI bhI aise sthAnakI mAnyatA nahIM hai ki vaha kevalajJAna prAptikA pavitra sthAna kahA naaske| jayapura riyAsatake cAMdanagAMvameM eka nadIke nikaTase bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkI eka bahuprAcIna mUrti mUgarbhase upalabdha huI thii| vaha mUrti vahIMpara eka vizAla maMdira 1-upu. pR. 64 va Js. I, 201. 2-AcArAr Js. I. pp. 20/57.

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76 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | banavAkara virAjamAna karadI gaI thI aura vahIM nikaTameM bhagavAna ke caraNacihna bhI haiN|' isa prakAra jAhirA zAstroM meM batAye huye kevalajJAna sthAnake varNananase isa sthAnakI AkRti ThIka ekasI baiThatI hai aura isase yaha bhrama hosaktA hai ki yahI sthAna bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke kevalajJAna prApta karanekA divyasthAna hogA; kiMtu jaina samAjameM yaha sthAna kevala eka atizaya tIrtharUpa meM 'mahAvIrajI' ke nAmase mAnya hai / tisapara zAstroMmeM batAyA huA kevalajJAna sthAna kausAmbIse agAr3I kahIM honA ucita hai; kyoMki ujjayanIse kausambIko jAte huye uparokta atizayakSetra pIche mArgameM raha jAtA hai / aura zvetAMbara zAstra jRmbhaka grAma Adiko kADha dezameM sthita 1 batalAte haiM / ' ataH yaha kevalajJAna sthAna magadhadezameM kahIM honA yuktisaMgata hai / kinhIM digambara jaina zAstroMmeM use magavadezameM batalAyA bhI hai| lADhadezakA vijayabhUmi prAnta Ajakalake bihAra or3IsA prAMtastha choTA nAgapura DivIjana ke mAnabhUma aura siMhabhUma jiloM itanA mAnA gayA hai / sva0 naMdUlAla De mahAzaya ne sammeda zikhara parvatase 25-30 mIlakI dUrIpara sthita jhariyA ko jRmbhaka grAma pragaTa kiyA hai; jo apanI koyaloMkI khAnoMke liye prasiddha hai aura barAkara nadIko RjukUlA nadI siddha kI hai| * 1- vIra mA0 3 pR0 317 para hamane bhramase usI sthAnako keva lajJAna sthAna anumAna kiyA thaa| 2-kasU0 Ja. I, p. 263. re duvai 50 61 / 4 irikatA mA 4 pU0 44-46 va vIra bhA0 5 pR0

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mAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [77 rrrmwwwwwwwwww yaha sthAna mAnabhUma jilemeM hai aura prAcIna magadha kA rAjyAghikAra yahAM thA / ataeva yaha bahuta saMbhava hai ki ukta sthAna hI mahAvIrajIkA kevalajJAna sthAna ho| isake liye jhiriyAke nikaTavartI vaMzAvazeSoMkI jAMca par3atAla honA jarUrI hai / itanA to vidita hI hai ki ina jiloMmeM 'sarA' nAmaka prAcIna jainI bahuta milate haiM aura inameM eka samaya nainoM kA rAjya bhI thaa| kiMtu kAladoSa evaM anya saMpradAyoM ke upadravoMse yahAMke nainiyoM kA hAsa itanA beDhava humA ki ve apane dharma aura sAMpradAyika saMsthAoM ke bAremeM kucha bhI yAda na rakha sake / yahI kAraNa hai ki isa prAMtameM sthita bhaga. vAna mahAvIrajIke kevalajJAna sthAna kA patA Ana nahIM calatA hai| DA0 sTIna sA0 ne paMjAba prAMtase rAvalapiMDI nilemeM koTerA nAmaka grAmake sannikaTa ' mUrti' nAmaka pahAr3I para eka prAcIna jIrNa jaina maMdirake viSayameM likhA hai ki yahIMpara bhagavAna mahAvIranIne jJAna lAbha kiyA thaa| kiMtu kauzAmbIse itanI durIpara aura so bhI nadIke sannikaTa na hokara pahAr3Ike Upara bhagavAnakA kevalajJAna sthAna honA ThIka nahIM jaMcatA / kevalajJAna sthAna to magavadeza meM hI kahIM aura bahuta karake jhiriyAke sannikaTa hI thA / uparokta mthAna bhagavAna ke samozaraNako vahAM bhAyA huA vyakta karanevAlA atizayakSetra hogA; kyoMki yaha to vidita hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra vihAra karate huye takSazilA Aye the aura mUrtiparvata usake nikaTa thaa| 1-baviojasmA0 pR. 42-77 / 2-kajAi0 pR. 683 / 3-haoN0 pR. 80 * no.

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78] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| bhagavAna mahAvIrane jisa apUrva tyAgavRtti aura amogha Atma. bhagavAna mahAvIra zaktikA avalaMbana kiyA thA, usIkA phala thA sarvajJa the| ajaina ki vaha eka sAmAnya manuSyase mAtmonnati graMthoMkI saakssii| karate2 paramAtmapada jaise paramotkRSTa avasthAko prApta huye the / vaha sarvajJa ho gaye the| jaina zAstra kahate haiM ki jJAtrika mahAvIra bhI anaMtajJAna aura anaMtadarzanake ghArI the| pratyeka padArthako unane pratyakSa dekha liyA thA aura ve sarva prakArake pApamalase nirmUla the / vaha samasta vizvameM sarvocca aura mahAvidvAna the| unheM sarvotkRSTa, prabhAvazAlI, darzana, jJAna aura cAritrase paripUrNa aura nirvANa siddhAnta pracArakoM meM sarvazreSTha batalAyA gayA hai|' yaha mAnyatA kevala jainoMkI hI nahIM hai / brAhmaNa aura bauddha grantha bhI bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkI sarvajJatAko svIkAra karate haiN| bauddhoMke aMguttaranikAyameM likhA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrajI sarvajJAtA aura sarvadarzI the| unakI sarvajJatA anaMta thii| vaha hamAre calate, baiThate, sote, jAgate hara samaya sarvajJa the| vaha jAnate the ki kisane kisa prakArakA pApa kiyA hai aura kisane nahIM kiyA hai| bauddha zAstra kahate haiM ki mahAvIra saMghake AcArya, darzana zAstra ke praNetA, bahuprakhyAta, tatvavettA rUpameM prasiddha, janatA dvArA sammAnita, anubhavazIla vaya prApta mAdhu aura AyumeM adhika the| ( DAyolaoNgsa 1-upu* pR0 614 / 2-Js. II, pp. 287-270. 3-majhimanikAya 1 / 238 va 92-93, aMguttaranikAya 3174, nyAyavindu a0 3, culvagga SBE. XX 78, Ind, Anti. VIII. 313. paMcataMtra (Keilhorn, V I.) ityAdi / 4-aM. ni. bhAga 1 10 220 / 5-mami0 bhAga 2 pR. 214-228 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [79 mApha dI buddha e0 66) ve cAturyAma saMvarase svarakSita, dekhI aura munI bAtoMko jyoMkA tyoM pragaTa karanevAle sAdhu the (saMyutta0 bhA0 140 91) janatAmeM unakI vizeSa mAnyatA thii| (pUrva 40 9) / macamuca tIrthakara bhagavAnake divya jIvana meM kevalajJAnaprAptikI bhagavAnakA vidhya eka aisI bar3o aura mukhya ghaTanA hai ki usakA prbhaav| mahatva lagAnA sAmAnya vyaktike liye jarA TeDI khIra hai| hAM : jisako AtmAke anantajJAna aura ananta zaktimeM vizvAsa hai, vaha sahanameM hI isa ghaTanAkA mUlya samajha saktA haiN| kevalajJAna prApta karanA athavA sarvajJa honAnA, manuSya jIvana meM eka anupama aura advitIya avasara hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra jaba sarvajJa hogaye, to unakI mAnyatA janasAdhAraNameM vizeSa hogaI / usa samayake prakhyAta rAjAoMne bhaktipUrvaka unakA svAgata kiyaa| pratyeka prANI tIrthakara bhagavAnako pAkara paramAnandameM magna hogayA / bauddha zAstra bhI mahAvIrajIke isa vizeSa prabhAvako spaSTa svIkAra karate haiN| mAlUma to aisA hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kAryakSetra meM avatIrNa honese usa samayake prAyaH saba hI matapravartakoMka mAmana DhIle hogaye the aura bhAvAna kI prANI mAtrake liye hitakara zikSAko pramukhasthAna mila gayA thaa| usa samayake prakhyAta matapatra' ma. gautama buddha ke viSayameM ma. gautama baddhake to spaSTa hai ki unake jIvanapara bhagavAna jIpanapara bhagavAna mahAvIrakI marvajJa avasthAkA aisA prabala mahAvIrakA prmaav| prabhAva par3A thA ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake dharma 1-saMyuktanikAya bhA0 1 pR. 94 /

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80 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / 1 pracAra antarAla kAla taka unake darzana hI muzkila se hote haiM / ma0 buddhake 50 se 70 varSake madhyavartI jIvana ghaTanAoM kA ullekha nahIM barAbara milatA hai / rebarenDa bizapa biganDeTa sA0 to kahate haiM ki yaha kAla prAyaH ghaTanAoMke ullekha se korA hai / ( AD almost blank ) ma0 buddha ke uparokta jIvanakAla kI ghaTanAoMke na milanekA kAraNa sacamuca bhagavAna mahAvIrake dharmapracArakA prabhAva hai; kyoMki yaha anyatra pramANita kiyA jAcukA hai ki jisa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIrajI ne apanA dharmapracAra prArambha kiyA thA, usa samaya ma0 buddha apane ' madhya mArga' kA pracAra prArambha kara cuke the aura anumAna se 45 yA 48 varSakI avasthA meM the / ataH yaha bilakula sambhava hai ki mahAvIrajIkA upadeza isa antarAla kAlameM itanA prabhAvazAlI avazya hogayA thA ki ma0 buddhake jIvana ke 50 veM varSa se unakI jIvana ghaTanAyeM prAyaH nahIM milatI haiM / 'sAmagAma sutanta' meM bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke nirvANa prAptikI khabara pAkara ma0 buddhake pramukha ziSya Ananda bar3e harSita huye the aura bar3I utsukatAse yaha samAcAra ma0 buddhako sunAneke liye daur3e gaye the, isase bhI sApha pragaTa hai ki ma0 gautamabuddhako mahAvIrajI ke dharmapracArake samakSa avazya hI hAni uThAnI par3I thI; kyoMki yadi aisA na hotA to mahAvIrajIke nirvANa pAlenekI ghaTanAko bauddha bar3I utkaNThA aura harSabhAva se nahIM dekhate | bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakSa ma0 buddhakA prabhAva kSINa par3ene meM eka aura kAraNa 2-bhamabu0 pR0 100-110 / 2 - saoNnDarsa, gautamabuddha 10 54 / 3-bhamabu0 pR0 101 / 4-DAyolaoNgsa oNpha buddha bhA0 3 pR0 112

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [ 81 donoM mata pravartakoMkA vibhinna mAtrAkA jJAna bhI thaa| mahAvIranI pUrNa sarvajJa aura trikAladarzI the, yaha bAta svayaM bauddha zAstra pragaTa karate haiM; jaise ki Upara vyakta kiyA gayA hai / kintu ma0 buddhako bauddha zAstra sarvajJa batalAte haiM; parantu yaha bAta vaha spaSTa svIkAra karate haiM ki ma0 buddhakI sarvajJatA harasamaya unake nikaTa nahIM rahatI thI / veha jaba jisa bAtako jAnanA cAhate the, usa bAta ko dhyAnase jAna lete the / ataH ma0 buddhakA jJAna pUrNa sarvajJatA na hokara eka prakArakA avavijJAna pragaTa hotA hai / ra gautama buddhakA jJAna ! jJAnake ima tAramamya ko samajhakara hI zAyada ma 0 buddhane kabhI bhI jaina tIrthaMkara se milane kA prayAsa nahIM kiyA thA aura na unane mahAvIrajIkI vaisI tIvra AlocanA kI hai, jaise ki unhoMne usa samaya ke anya matapravartakoM kI kI thii| kintu isa kathanase yahAM hamArA bhAva ma0 buddha ke gauravapUrNa vyaktitvakI avajJA karanekA nahIM hai / hamArA uddezya mAtra bhagavAna mahAvIrake divya prabhAvako pragaTa karanekA hai; jisakA viziSTa rUpa svayaM bauddha zastra pragaTa karate haiM / bauddhoM ke kathana se yaha bhI pragaTa hotA hai ki usa samayake videzI logoM yavanoM (Indc - Greeka) meM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkI mAnyatA vizeSa hogaI thI / sarvajJa prabhukA mahatva kisako achUtA chor3a saktA hai ? bhagavAna ke kevalI hote hI janatA unake anupama mahAn vyaktitvapara ekadama mohita hogaI pragaTa hotI hai| isa divya ghaTanAke 1 - 1 - milindapanha (SBE.) bhA0 35 pR0 154 / 2-bhamavu0 pR0 72-75 / 3-higlI0 pR0 78 /

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82 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | 9 upalakSa meM hI una sthAnoMke nAma bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkI apekSA ullikhita huye jinakA samparka mahAvIrajI se thA / kahate haiM mAnabhUmi jilA, mAnyabhUmi rUpameM bhagavAna ke aparanAma "mAnya zramaNa " kI apekSA kahalAyA thA | siMghabhUma jilAkA zuddha nAma 'siMhabhUmi batAyA gayA hai aura kahA gayA hai ki vIra prabhukI siMhavRtti thI aura unakA cinha 'siMha' thA; isaliye yaha jilA unhIM kI apekSA isa nAma se prakhyAta huA thA / inake atirikta vijayabhUmi, varddhamAna ( vardevAna ), vIrabhUmi Adi sthAna bhI bhagavAna mahAvIrajI ke pavitra nAma aura unake sambandhako pragaTa karanevAle haiM / sacamuca baMgAla va bihAra meM upasamaya jainadharmakI gati vizeSa thI aura janatA bhagavAna mahAvIrako pAkara phUle aMga nahIM samAI thI / 3 ma0 gautama buddha bauddhadharma ke praNetA the aura vaha bhagavAna ma0 buddha eka samaya mahAvIrake samakAlIna the / jaina zAstroM jaina muni the 1 unako bhagavAna pArzvanAthajIke tIrthake muni pihitAzravakA ziSya batalAyA hai| likhA hai ki digambara jaina munipadase bhraSTa hokara raktAmbara pahinakara buddhane kSaNikavAdakA pracAra kiyA aura mRta mAMsa grahaNa karanemeM kucha saMkoca nahIM kiyA thA / jaina zAstra ke isa kathana kI puSTi svayaM bauddha granthoMse hotI hai / unameM eka sthAnapara svayaM gautama buddha ima bAta ko svIkAra karate haiM 1 - ihikA0 bhA0 4 1045 / 2- pUrva pramANa / 3-dhara bhA0 3 10 370 va baSio jaismA0 pR0 109 / 4 bhamabu0 pR0 48-49. ma0 buddhako anAtmavAda sahasA mAnya nahIM thA / unane spaSTataH AtmAke astitva se inkAra nahIM kiyA thA / yaha unakI jaina dazAkA prabhAva kahA jAsakatA hai /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [ 83 ki unane dAr3hI aura sirake bAla noMcane kI parISadko sahana kiyA thA / yaha parISada jaina muniyoMkA khAsa cinha hai / tiz2apara gayA zIrSapara unhoMne pAMca bhikSuoM ke sAtha jo sAdhu jIvana vyatIta kiyA thA, vaha ThIka jaina sAdhuke jIvana ke samAna thA / pAMca bhikSuoM ke nAma bhI jaina sAdhuoM ke anurUpa the / kahA gayA hai ki 'bhikSu ' zabdakA vyavahAra sarva prathama kevala jainoM athavA bauddhoM dvArA huA thA; kintu jisa samaya ma0 buddha una pAMca bhikSuoM ke mAtha the unasamaya unhoMne bauddhavarma kA nIvAropaNa nahIM kiyA thA / ataH niHsaMdeha ukta bhikSugaNa jaina the aura unake sAtha hI ma0 vuine jaina sAdhukA jIvana vyatIta kiyA thA; jaise ki vaha svayaM svIkAra karate haiN| sara bhaNDArakara bhI ma0 buddhako eka samaya jaina muni huA batalA cuke haiM / kintu jaina munikI kAThena parISahoM ko sahana karanepara bhI ma0 buddhako zIghra hI kevalajJAnakI prApti nahIM huI to vaha hatAza hogaye aura unhoMne madhyakA mArga DhUMDha nikAlA; jo jainadharmakI kaThina tapasyA aura hindu dharmake kriyAkANDake bIca eka rAjInAmA mAtra thA / kinhIM logoM kA yaha qhayAla hai ki ma0 gautamabuddha aura bhagavAna mahAvora aura bhagavAna mahAvIra eka vyakti the aura jainama0 gautamabuddha eka dharma bauddhadharmakI eka zAkhA hai, kiMtu isa vyakti nahIM the aura jainadharma bauddhadharmakI mAnyatAmai kucha bhI tathya nahIM hai / " svayaM zAkhA nahIM hai| bauddha graMthoMse bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA svataMtra 1 - Diskorsasa oNpha gotama 1 / 90-99 / 2-mamanu0 10 47 / 3 - DAyolagsa oNpha buddha (SBB) Intro, 4 - jehi 0 1 105 / -Js. IL Intro.

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / vyaktitva pramANita hai; jaise ki pahale bauddhagraMthoMke uddharaNa diye jA cuke haiM / ina donoM mahApuruSoMkI katipaya jIvana ghaTanAyeM avazya milatI julatI haiM; kiMtu unameM vibhinnatAyeM bhI itanI beDhaba haiM ki unako eka vyakti nahIM kahA jAsaktA hai / ma gautamabuddha ke pitAkA nAma jahAM zAkyavaMzI zuddhodana thA, vahAM bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke pitA jJa tRkulake ratna nRpa siddhArtha the / ma0 buddhake janmake sAtha hI unakI mAtAkA dehAMta hogayA thA; kiMtu bhagavAna mahAvIrakI mAtA rAnI trizalA apane putrake gRha tyAga karaneke samaya taka jIvita thIM / bhagavAna mahAvIra bAlabrahmacArI the; para ma0 buddhakA vivAha yazodA nAmaka rAjakumArIse huA thA; jisase unheM rAhula nAmaka putraratnakI prApti bhI huI thii| bhagavAna mahAvIrane gRhatyAga kara jaina munike eka niyamita jIvana kramakA abhyAsa kiyA thA / ma buddhako ThIka isake viparIta ekase adhika saMpradAyake sAdhuoM ke pAsa jJAna lAbhakI nijJAmAse jAnA par3A thaa| ma buddhane pUrNa sarvajJa huye vinA hI 35 varSakI avasthAmeM bauddhadharmako janma dekara usakA pracAra karanA prArambha kara diyA thaa| kiMtu bhagavAna mahAvIrajIne kisI navIna dharmakI sthApanA nahIM kI thii| unhoMne sarvajJa hokara 42 varSakI avasthAse jainadharmakA punaH pracAra karanA prArambha kara diyA thaa| donoM dharmanetAoMke dharmapracAra praNAlI meM bhI jamIna AsmAnakA antara thaa| ma0 buddhako apane dharmapracArameM saphalatA unakI mIThI vANI aura prabhAvazAlI mukhAkRtike kAraNa milI thii| boga maMtramugdhakI taraha unake upadezako grahaNa karate the| usakI 1-sAnDarsa gautama buddha pR0 75 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [86 sArthakatA athavA aucityakI ora dhyAna hI nahIM dete the| bhagavAna mahAvIrakA dharmapracAra ThIka vaijJAnika DhaMgapara hotA thaa| unake nikaTa nijJAsukI zaMkAoM kA anta ekadama ho jAtA thaa| isakA kAraNa yahI thA ki vaha trikAla aura trilokadarzI sarvajJa the| unhoMne AtmA aura lokake mastitva evaM karmavAdako pUrNataH spaSTa pratipAdita karake saiddhAMtika nijJAsuoM kI pUrI manaH saMtuSTi kara dI thii| unane vanaspati, pRthvI, jala, agni vAyu Adi sthAvara padArtho meM bhI jIva pramANita kiyA thA aura karmavargaNAoMkA astitva aura unakA sukSmarUpa prakaTa karake aNuvAdakA prAcIna rUpa spaSTa kara diyA thaa| isake viparIta ma0 buddhane yaha bhI nahIM batalAyA thA ki AtmA hai yA nhiiN| unane bhAtmA, loka, karmaphala mAdi saiddhAMtika bAtoMko adhurI chor3a diyA thaa| isa apekSA vihajana ma0 buddhake dharmako prArambhameM eka saiddhAMtika mata na mAnakara sAmAjika krAMti hI mAnate haiN| donoM hI dharmanetAoMne yadyapi ahiMsAtattvako svIkAra kiyA hai| parantu jo vizeSatA isa tattvako bhagavAna mahAvIrake nikaTa prApta huI, vaha vizeSarUpa use ma buddha ke hAthoMse nasIba nahIM humA / ___ma. buddhane ahiMsA tatvako mAnate huye bhI mRta pazuoMka mAMsako grahaNa karanA vidheya rakkhA thA aura ipI zithilatAkA Ama yaha pariNAma hai ki prAyaH sarva hI bauddha dharmAnuyAyI mAMsamakSaka miLate hai| kintu jainadharmake viziSTa mahiMsA tattvase prabhAvita 1-mamabu0 pR. 118-120 / 2-kIya, bisTa philAsaphI pR. 62 / 3-lAmAi. pR0 131 /

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86 ] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| hokara pratyeka jainI pUrNa zAkAhArI hai aura unakA hRdaya hara samaya dayAse bhIjA rahatA hai| jisase ve prANImAtrakI hitacintanA karanemeM agrasara hai / jaina saMghameM gRhasthoM arthAta zrAvaka aura zrAvi. kAoMko bhI muniyoM aura AryikAoMke sAtha sthAna milA rahA hai| kintu bauddha saMghameM kevala bhikSu aura bhikSuNI-yahI do aMga prAraMbhase haiM / vidvAnoMkA mata hai ki jaina saMghakI uparokta vizepatAke kAraNa hI noMkA astitva Aja bhI bhAratameM hai aura usake abhAvameM bauddha dharma apane janmasthAna meM DhUMr3hanepara bhI muzkilase milatA hai / bauddha aura jainadharmake zAstra bhI vibhinna haiM / jaina zAstra 'aMga aura pUrva' kahalAte haiM; bauddhoMke grantha samUha rUpameM 'tripiTaka' nAmase prakhyAta haiM / jaina sAdhu nagna rahate aura kaThina tapasyA evaM vratoMkA abhyAsa karanA Avazyaka samajhate haiM, kintu bauddhoMko yaha bAteM pasanda nahIM haiM / vaha inheM dhArmika cinha nahIM mAnate / bauddha sAdhu 'bhikSu' athavA 'zrAvaka' kahalAte haiM, jaina sAdhu 'zramaNa' 'acelaka' athavA 'bhArya' yA 'muni' nAmase paricita haiM / jainadharmameM zrAvaka gRhasthako kahate haiN| jaina apane tIrthakaroMko mAnate haiM aura bauddha kevala ma 0 buddhakI pUjA karate haiN| ina evaM aisI hI anya vibhinnatAoMke hote huye bhI jainadharma aura bauddha. dharmameM bahuta sAdRzya bhI hai / 'Azrava' 'saMvara' Adi kitane hI khAsa zabdoM aura siddhAntoMko bauddhoMne svayaM janoMse grahaNa kiyA hai aura svayaM ma0 buddha pahale jainadharmake bahuzrutI sAdhu the; aisI 1-ri. 60 pR0 230 / 2-kaihi i0 pR0 169 / 3-pari i. bhA0 7 pR0 472 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [87 dazAmeM ukta donoM dharmoM meM sAdRzya honA koI AzcaryakI bAta nahIM hai| donoM dharmoM meM na vedoMkI hI mAnyatA hai aura na bahmaNoMkA Adara hai / ve yajJoMmeM honevAlI hiMsAkA ghora virodha rakhate haiN| jAti aura kulake ghamaMDako donoM hI dharmoM meM pAkhaNDa batalAyA gayA haiM aura unakA dvAra pratyeka prANIke liye sadAse khulA rahA hai / bauddha aura jainoMke nikaTa ratnatraya athavA triratna mukhya haiM aura AdaraNIya haiM; parantu donoM ke nikaTa inakA abhiprAya bhinna bhinna hai / bauddhadharmake anusAra triratna (1) buddha (2) dharma aura (3) saMgha haiN| jainadharmameM ratnatraya (1) samyagdarzana (Right Beliet) (2) samyagjJAna (Right Knowledge) aura (3) samyagcAritra (Right Conduct) ko kahate haiM / bauddha aura jaina jagatako racanevAle IzvarakA astitva nahIM mAnate haiM; yadyapi jainadharmameM IzvaravAda svIkRta hai| ve mokSa va nirvANa prApti apanA uddezya samajhate haiM; kintu isakA bhAva donoMke nikaTa bhinna hai / bauddha nirvANase matalaba pUrNa kSaya honekA samajhate haiM; kintu mainoMke nikaTa nirvANa dazAse bhAva anantadarzana, anantajJAna, anantavIrya aura anaMtasukha pUrNa avasthAse hai| isa prakAra jainadharma aura bauddhadharmameM maulika bheda spaSTa hai aura yaha bhI pragaTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra eka svAdhIna aura ma0 buddhase vibhinna mahApuruSa the, jinheM bauddha loga niganTha 1-mamavu* pR0 117-178 / x bauvadharbhameM yahI tIna zaraNa mAne gaye hai| jainadharbha meM (1)-ara. hanta, (2) pita, (1) sAdhu, (4) va kevalI bhagavAna dvArA pratipAdita dharma-yaha cAra zaraNa mAne hai|

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88] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / nAtaputta kahate haiN| jainadharma kA ullekha bauddha granthoM meM eka pUrva nizcita aura ma0 buddhake pahilese pracalita dharmake rUpameM huA milatA hai| ataeva jainadharmako bauddhadharmakI zAkhA nahIM kahA jAsaktA / hAM! isake viparIta yaha kaha sakte haiM ki ma. gautama buddhane mainadharmase apane dharma nirmANameM bahuta kucha sahAyatA lI thii| bhagavAna mahAvIrake pavitra jIvanakA unapara kAphI prabhAva par3A thaa| jisa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra sarvajJa hogaye to niyamAnumAra bhagavAna mahAvIrakA unakI vANI nahIM khirI / niyama yaha hai prAraMbhika updesh| ki jisa samaya tIrthakara kevalI hojAte haiM, usa samayase unakI AyuparyaMta niyamita rUpase pratidina tIna samaya megha garjanAke samAna anAyAsa hI vANI khiratI rahatI hai| jise pratyeka jIva apanI2 bhASAmeM samajha lete haiM / yaha vANI ardhamAgadhI bhASAmaya pariNata hotI hai, jo sAta prakArakI prAkRta bhASAoMse eka hai| kintu bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke sarvajJa honAnepara bhI yaha prasaMga sahana hI upasthita na huA / jaina zAstra kahate haiM ki usa samaya bhagavAnake nikaTa aisA koI yogya puruSa nahIM thA, jo unakI vANIko grahaNa karatA / isI kAraNa bhagavAnakI vANI nahIM khirI thI / devalokakA indra apane devaparikara sahita bhagavAnakA 'kevalajJAna kalyANaka' utsava manAne AyA thaa| vahAM bhI vaha upasthita thaa| usane apane jJAnabalase jAna liyA thA ki vedapArAM. gata prasiddha brAhmaNa vidvAn indrabhUti gautama bhagavAnakI divyadhvaniko aba dhAraNa karanekI yogyatA rakhatA hai| indrakI mAjJAse bhagavAnake 1-caracA samAdhAna pR0 39 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [89 upadeza nimitta mabhAgRha pahale hI bana gayA thA jinameM aneka koTa, vApI, tar3Aga, nina maMdira, caitya, stUpa, mAnastambha Adike atirikta bhagavAnakI manamohaka 'gandhakuTI' aura bAraha koThe the| ina koThoMmeM sAdhu-sAdhvI, deva-devAMganA, nara-nArI aura tiryaMca-pazu bho samAna bhAvase baiThakara bhagavAnakA avyAvASa sukha-saMdeza sunate the / iMdra sabhAnanoMko bhagavAna kI vANI rUpI amRtake liye tRSAtura dekhakara zIghra hI bar3I kuzalatA pUrvaka indrabhUti gautama aura unake bhAI vAyubhUti va agnimRtiko vahAM le aayaa| ___ ve bhagavAnakA divya upadeza sunakara jainadharmameM dIkSita hogaye aura bhagavAnakI vANIko grahaNa karake usakI aMga-pUrvamaya racanA indramRtine usI roja kara DAlI thii| manaHparyaya jJAnakI nighi unako tatkSaNa mila gaI thI aura vaha bhagavAnake pramukha gaNadhara padapara mAptIna huye the / vAyumRti aura agnimRti bhI anya do gaNadhara huye the| inake atirikta bhagavAnake gaNaghara va anya ziSya the, unakA varNana agAr3IkI paMktiyoM meM hai / zve. zAstra kahate haiM ki bhagavAnakA yaha prathama samavazaraNa pAyA nAmaka nagarIke bAhara racA gayA thA; kintu digambara zAstra use rAmagRhake nikaTa jambhaka grAmameM batalAte haiN| bhaba bhagavAna mahAvIrane usa satya saMdezako, mise unhoMne bhagavAnake upadezakA DhaMga atyanta kaThina tapazzyoM ke bAda prApta kiyA maura gpcaar| thA, prAkRta rUpameM sAre vizvako denA 1-mamabu* pR0 110, va vIra bhA. 5 pR. 230-234 / 2-u. pu. 15 / 3 nama* pR. 219 /

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / prArambha kara diyA thaa| unakA upadeza hitamita pUrNa zabdoMmeM samasta jagatake jIvoMke liye kalyANakArI thA / usa Adarza rUpa upadezako sunakara kisIkA hRdaya jarA bhI malina yA dukhita nahIM hotA thaa| balki usakA prabhAva yaha hotA thA ki prakRta jAti virodhI jIva bhI apane pArasparika vairabhAvako chor3a dete the| siMha aura bher3a, kuttA aura billI bar3e AnaMdase eka dUsareke samIpa baiThe huye bhagavAnake divya saMdezako grahaNa karate the| pazuoMpara bhagavAnakA aisA prabhAva par3A ho, isa bAtako cupacApa grahaNa kara lenA isa jamAne meM jarA kaThina kArya hai| kiMtu jo pazu vijJAnase paricita haiM aura pazuoMke manobala evaM zikSAoMko grahaNa karanekI sukSma zaktikI ora jinakA dhyAna gayA hai, vaha ukta prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIrake upadezakA prabhAva una para par3A mAnane meM kucha acaraja nahIM kreNge| sacamuca vItarAga sarva hitaiSI athavA satya evaM premakI sAkSAta jItI jAgatI pratimAke nikaTa vizvapremakA AzcaryakArI kiMtu apUrva vAtAvaraNa upasthita honA, kucha bhI aprAkRta dRSTi nahIM par3atA ! vizvakA utkRSTa kalyANa karaneke nimitta hI bhagavAnake tIrthaGkara padakA nirmANa huA thA ! 'lekina unhoMne apanA nirmANa siddha karaneke nimitta kabhI kisI prakArakA manucita prabhAva DAlanekI koziza nahIM kI aura na kabhI unhoMne kisIko bhAcAra vicAra chor3akara apane dalameM Ane ke lie pralobhita hI kiyaa| unakI upadeza paddhati zAMta, rucikara, duzmanoMke diloM meM bhI apanA asara paidA karanevAlI, marmasparzI aura sarala thii|' 'sabase pahile unhoMne

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / 91. isa bAta kI ghoSaNAkI ki jagata kA pratyeka prANI jo azAMti, ajJAna aura atyanta duHkhakI mAlAmeM jala rahA hai, mere upadezase lAbha uThA saktA hai / ajJAnake cakra meM chaTapaTAtA humA pratyeka nIva cAhe vaha tiyaca ho cAhe manuSya, Arya ho cAhe mleccha, brAhmaNa ho yA zUda, puruSa ho yA strI, mere dharmake udAra jhaNDe ke nIce A saktA hai / satya kA pratyeka icchuka mere pApta mAkara apanI AtmapipasAko bujhA saktA hai| isa ghoSaNAke pracArita hote hI hanAroM satyake mukhe prANI mahAvIrakI zaraNameM Ane lge| mahAvIrajIkI mahAn udAra AtmAke nikaTa sabako sthAna mila gyaa| kavi samrAT sara ravindranAtha TAgora kahate haiM ki 'mahAvIrasvAmIne gaMbhIranAdase mokSamArgakA aisA saMdeza bhAratavarSa meM phailAyA ki dharma mAtra sAmAjika rUr3hiyoM meM nahIM hai, kintu vaha vAstavika satya hai| saMpradAya vizeSake bAhirI kriyAkANDakA abhyAsa karanese mokSa prApta nahIM hosaktI; kintu vaha satya dharmake svarUpameM Azraya lenese prApta hotI hai / dharmameM manuSya aura manuSyakA bheda sthAI nahIM raha saktA / kahate huye Azcarya hotA hai ki mahAvIranIkI isa zikSAne samAjake hRdayameM baiThI huI bhedabhAvanAko zIghra naSTa kara diyA aura sAre dezako apane vaza kara liyA !"2 / / isaprakAra bhagavAnakA 43 varSase 72 varSa takakA dIrgha jIvana devala loka kalyANake hitArtha vyatIta humA thaa| isa upadezakA pariNAma yaha nikalA thA ki (1) jAti-pAMtikA jarA bhI bheda rakkhe binA manatA haraeka manuSyako-cAhe vaha zUdra athavA ghora 1-camama* pR. 173 / 2-bhama* pR0 271 /

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92] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / mleccha ho-dharmaptAdhana karane dene kA pATha sIkha gaI ! use vizvAsa hogayA ki 'zreSThatAkA AdhAra janma nahIM balika guNa haiM, aura guNoMmeM bhI pavitra jIvanakI mahattA sthApita karanA / (2) puruSoMke hI samAna striyoM ke vikAsa ke liye bhI vidyA aura cAra mArgake dvAra khula gaye the / janatA mahilA-mahimAse bhalI bhAMti paricita hogaI thii| (3) bhagavAna ke divya upadezakA saMkalana lokabhASA arthAta ardhamAgadhI prAkRta meM huA thA, jisase sAmAnya janatAmeM tatvajJAnakI bar3havArI aura vizvapremakI puNya bhAvanAkA udgama huA thaa| (4) aihika aura pAralaukika sukhake liye honevAle yajJa Adi karmakAMDoMkI apekSA saMyama tathA tapasyAke svAvalambI tathA puruSArthapradhAna mArgakI mahattA sthApita hogaI thI' aura janatA ahiMsAdharmase prIti karane lagI thI; (5) aura 'tyAga evaM tapasyAke nAmarUpa zithilAcArake sthAnapara sacce tyAga aura saccI tapasyAkI pratiSThA karake bhogakI jagaha yogake mahatvakA vAyumaMDala cAroM ora utpanna hogayA thaa| isa viziSTa vAyumaMDalameM rahatI huI janatA 'anekAnta' aura 'sthAhAda' siddhAntako pAkara sAmpradAyika dveSa aura matabhedako bahuta kucha bhUla gaI thii| aise hI aura bhI aneka suyogya sudhAra usasamaya sAdhAraNa janatAmeM hogaye the / janatA Anandamagna thI! bhagavAna mahAvIrane z2ambhaka grAmake nikaTase apanA divyopadeza bhagavAnakA vidyA prAraMma kiyA thA aura phira samagra AryakhaMDameM aura dharmapracAra / unakA dharmapracAra aura vihAra huA thaa| sarva 1-caMbhama0 pR. 177-178 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [ 93 [ prathama unakA zubhAgamana magadhameM rAjagRhake nikaTa vipulAcala parvatapara huA thA | yahAM para samrAT zreNika aura unake anya putrane bhagavAna kI vizeSa bhakti kI thii| yahAMpara bhagavAnakA Agamana kaI daphe huA thA / rAjagRhameM abhinavazreSThone unakA vizeSa Adara kiyA thA | arjuna nAmaka eka mAlI bhI yahAM bhagavAnakI zaraNa meM AyA thA | arjuna apanI patnIke duzcaritrase bar3A kruddha hogayA thA aura usane kaI eka manuSyoM ke prANa bhI le liye the; kintu bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke upadezako sunakara vaha bilakula zAMta hogayA aura sAdhu dazA meM usane samatAbhAvase aneka upasarga sahe the; yaha zvetAMbara zAstra pragaTa karate haiM / jina samaya rAjA zreNika vora prabhUkI baMdanAke liye samasta puravAsiyoM sameta jArahe the, usa samaya eka meMDhaka unake hAthI ke paira se dabakara prANAMta kara gayA thA / digambara zAstra kahate haiM ki vaha vIra prabhukI bhakti ke prabhAvase marakara deva huA dhau 1 rAjagRha se bhagavAna zrAvastI gaye the / yaha AjIvika saMpakauzala meM vora prabhUkA dAyakA mukhya kendra thA, kintu taubhI bhagaprabhAva / vAnakA yahAM para bhI kAphI prabhAva par3A thA / usa samaya yahAMpara rAjA prasenanita athavA agnidatta rAjya karate the | unhoMne bhagavAnakA svAgata kiyA thaa| jainoM kI mAnyatA unake nikaTa thI aura unakI rAnI machikAne eka sabhAgRha banavAyA thA; jisameM brAhmaNa, jainI Adi paraspara tattvacarcA kiyA karate the / 1 - DijebA0 pR0 16 / 2- aMtagatadamAo, DijebA0 pR0 96 / 3- bhAka0 mA0 3 pR0 288-293 / 4- lAbaddu0 pR0 116 / 5- kAba0, pR0 109 /

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94 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | 2 yaha ikSvAkuvaMzI kSatrI the / prasenajitakA putra viduratha thA aura isake sAtha hI isa vaMzakA anta hogayA thA / kauzala usa samaya magadhake AdhIna thA / zrAvastI se bhagavAnane kauzalake deSaSThI Adi nagaroM meM vihAra karake jJAnAmRtakI varSA kI thI / aura isa prakAra himAlayakI talahaTItaka ve divyadhvaniko pradhvanita karate vicare the' / mithilAmeM bhagavAnane apane sadupadezase janatAko kRtArtha kiyA thA / vaizAlI meM unakA zubhAgamana kaImithilA, vaizAlI, va caMpA AdimeM jinendra vAra huA thA / rAjA ceTaka Adi pradhAna devakA dharmaghoSa | puruSa unakI bhakti aura vinaya karanemeM agrasara rahe the / vahAM AnaMda nAmaka zreSTI aura usakI patnI zivanaMdA gRhastha dharma pAlane meM prasiddha the / inane mahAvIrajI ke sanna kaTa zrAvaka ke bArahavrata grahaNa kiye the / polAzapurameM bhagavAnakA svAgata rAjA vijayasenane bar3e Adarase kiyA thA / aimattA nAmaka unakA putra bhagavAna ke caraNoM meM muni huA thA / aMgadezake adhipati kuNika ne bhI caMpA meM bhagavAna ke zubhAgamanapara apane ahobhAgya samajhe the / aura vaha bhagavAna ke sAtha2 kauzAMbItaka gayA thA / / * campAke rAjA dadhivAhana, zvetavAhana, athavA ghAr3IvAhana, jo vimalavAhana munirAjake nikaTa pahale hI seTha sudarzana | muni hogaye the, bhagavAna mahAvIrake saMghameM saMmilita huye the / inakI abhayA nAmaka rAnIne campAke prasiddha rAjaseTha sudarzanako mithyA doSa lagAyA thA / kintu sudarzana nirdoSa 1-bhama0 pR0 108 / 2 - haoNjai0 pR0 39... / 3-uda0 1-90 aura Dijaiba ( 0 pR0 75 / 4 - DijaibA0 pR0 27 / 5- bhana0 pR0 108

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra | [ 95 siddha huye the / * antataH sudarzana seThake sAtha hI yaha rAjA bhI jaina muni huye the / sudarzana seTha apane zIladharma ke liye bahu prakhyAta haiM / inhoMne muktilAbha kiyA thA / rAjA dadhivAhana muni dazAmeM jaba vIra saMghameM zAmila hogaye, taba ekadA vaha vipulAcala parvata para samozaraNake bAharI parakoTerne dhyAnamagna the| usa samaya logoMke mukhase yaha sunakara unake pariNAma kruddha ho cale the / aura unake kAraNa unakI AkRti bigar3I dikhAI par3atI thI, ki unake maMtrimaMDalane unake bAlaputra ko dhokhA diyA hai| zreNika mahArAjane vIra prabhuse yaha hAla jAnakara unako sanmArga sujhAyA thA aura isake bAda zIghra hI vaha mukta hue the / isa ghaTanA ke bAda hI zAyada magadhakA Adhipatya aMgadeza para hogayA thA | campA meM jainoM kA 'puNyabhadda' (puNyabhadra) caitya (maMdira) prasiddha thaa| yahAMpara eka prasiddha seTha kAmadevane bhagavAnase zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata grahaNa kiye the / isI vihAra ke madhya eka samaya bhagavAna mahAvIranIkA samobanArasameM bhagavAna zaraNa banArasa pahuMcA thaa| vahAM para rAjA jita mahAvIra / zatrune unakA vizeSa Adara kiyA thaa| yahAMpara cUstIpiyA aura sugadeva nAnaka gRhamthoMne apanI apanI patniyoM sahita zrAvaka vrata grahaNa kiye the| yahAM jitAri nAmaka rAjAkI putrI muNDAko vRpamazrI ArthikAne jainI banAyA thA / * rAjA dadhivAhanakA samaya bha0 mahAvIra ke lagabhaga honeke kAraNa hI sudarzana seThako unakA samakAlIna likhA hai / 1 - sudarzana carita, pR0 1-105 va Dijeba 0 102 / 2 - upu0 pR0 699 / 3-360 0grA0 2 / 4-310 650 3 / 50 pR0 94 /

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96] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / banArasase anyatra vihAra karate hue ve kaliMgadezameM pahuMce vIra samozaraNa klingthe| vahAMpara rAjA siddhArthake bahanoI jita va baGga aadimeN| zatrune bhagavAnakA khUba svAgata kiyA thA aura antameM vaha digambara muni ho mokSa gaye the| usa orake puNDU , baMga, tamralipta Adi dezoMmeM vihAra karate hue bhagavAna kauzAMbI pahuMce the| kauzAMbIke nRpa zatAnIkane bhagavAnake upadezako vizeSa bhAva aura dhyAnase sunA thA, bhagavAnakI vaMdanA upAsanA bar3I vinayase kI thI aura anta daha bhagavAna ke saMgha saMmilita hogayA thA / unakA putra udayan vatsarAja rAjyAdhikArI huA thaa| isa prakAra rAjagRha, kauzAMbI mAdikI ora dharmacakrakI pragati para AdimeM vizeSa rUpase huI thI / bauddha zAstra kahate haiM ki dharma prcaar| usa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra magagha va aMga Adi dezoMmeM khUba hI tattvajJAnakI unnati kara rahe the| ekadA vihAra karate hue bhagavAnakA samozaraNa pAJcAladezakI pAJcAlameM bhagavAnakA rAjadhAnI aura pUrva tIrthaMkara zrI vimalanA pracAra / thanIke cAra kalyANakoMke pavitra sthAna kAMpilyameM pahuMcA thA aura vahAM phira ekavAra dharmakI amoghavarSA hone lagI thii| upta samaya kundakoliya nAmaka eka zAstrajJa aura dharmAtmA zrAvaka yahAMpara thA / yahIM par3osameM saMkAzya ( saMkasA ) grAma bhI vizeSa prakhyAt thaa| bhagavAna vimalanAthajIkA kevalajJAna sthAna saMbhavataH vahI 'maghahatiyA' (aghahatagrAma ) meM thaa| vahAMpara bhAja 1-hari0 pU0 18 / 2-hari0 pra0 623 / 3-vIra varSa 3 10 370 / 4-mama0, pR0 108 va upra0 pR. 634 / 5-mani. bhA0 1 pR. 2 -uda0 vyA0 6 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [97 bhI nainoM kI prAcIna kIrtiyAM vizeSa milatI haiN| bauddha aura jenoM meM isa sthAnakI mAlikI para pahile jhagar3A bhI huA thA* | upta samayake lagabhaga kAMpilyake rAjA himukha athavA jaya prakhyAt the / unake pAsa eka aisA ta na thA ki usako sirapara dhAraNa karanese rAjAke do mukha dRSTi par3ate the ! isa tAnako unake rAjA pradyotane mAMgA thA / jayane isake badale meM pradyotase nalagiri hAthI, stha, va rAnI aura lohanaMgha lekhaka cAhA thA / haThAt donoM rAjAoMmeM yuddha chir3A; jisakA anta pArasparika premameM huA thA / pradyotane madanamaMjarI nAmaka eka kanyA jaya rAjAse grahaNa kI thI aura vaha unako vApasa calA gayA thA / rAjA jaya jaina muni huye the| zvetAmbara zAstroM meM unako pratyekabuddha likhA hai / kAMpilyase agADI bar3hakara bhagavAna kA samozaraNa usa samayako uttaramatharAmeM bhagavAnakA eka prakhyAta nagarI sauradezakI rAjadhAnI zubhAgamana / uttara mathurAmeM pahuMcA thaa| usa samaya bhI vahAMpara jainadharmakI gati thii| teIsaveM tIrthaMkara zrI pArzvanAtha nIke samaya kA banA huA eka sundara stUpa aura caityamaMdira vahAM maujUda thA / bhagavAna ke dharmopadezase vahAM ' satya ' gyaca prakAzamAna huA thaa| jaina zAstra kahate haiM ki usa samaya mathurA pamodaya rAnAke putra uditodaya rAjyaHvikArI the / bauDazAstroM meM yahAMka nRpako "avantiputra" likhA hai| saMbhava hai ki donoM rAnakuloMmeM paraspara sambaMdha ho / uditodayakA rAnaseTha aIdAsa apane samyaktvake liye ____* vIra varSa 1 10 336 / 1-hiTe0 pR0 140 / 2-pakau* pR0 / / 3-hii0, pR0 185 /

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98 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / prakhyAta thA / usIke saMsargase rAjA ko bhI jainadharma meM pratIta huIM thI / aIdAsa seThane bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke nikaTase vrata niyama grahaNa kiye the / uttara mathurA ke samAna hI dakSiNa mathug2ameM bhI jainadharmakA astitva usa samaya vidyamAna thA / bhagavAnake nirvANoparAMta yahAMpara guptAcArya ke AdhIna eka bar3A jainasaMgha hone kA ullekha milatA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA bihAra dakSiNa bhAratameM bhI huA thA / dakSiNa bhArata meM kAMcIpurakA rAjA vasupAla thA aura vaha saMbhavataH vIra prabhU / bhagavAnakA bhakta thA / (Aka0 bhA0 380 181) jisa samaya bhagavAna henAMgadeza meM pahuMce the, usa samaya rAjA satyaMgharake putra jIvaMdhara rAjyAdhikArI the / hemAMgadeza AjakalakA maDIsUra (Mysore ) prAMtavartI deza anumAna kiyA gayA hai; kyoMki yahIM para sonekI khAne haiM, malaya parvatavartI vana hai aura samudra nikaTa hai / hemAMgadezake viSaya meM yaha saba bAteM vizeSaNa rUpa meM likhIM haiM / hemAMga dezakI rAjadhAnI zahapura thI; jisake nikaTa ' suramalaya ' nAmaka udyAna thA | bhagavAnakA samozaraNa isI udyAnameM avatarita huA thA | rAjA jIvaMdhara bhagavAna mahAvIrako apanI rAjadhAnI meM pAkara bar3A prasanna huA thA / anta meM vaha apane putrako rAjA banAkara suni hogayA thA / suna Dokara vaha vIra saMghake sAtha rahA thA / jaba bIrasaMgha vihAra karatA huA uttarApathakI ora pahuMcA thA, ta jIvaMdhara munirAjane agraDa ke balIrUpamai rAjagRha ke vipulAcala parvatase 1 - kau0 pR0 6 / 2 - vIra varSa 3 pR0 354 / 3- Aka0 bhA0 1 pR0 93 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [99 ThIka usa samaya nirvANalAma kiyA thA, jisa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra pAva' meM mukta hue the| nainazAstroMmeM inheM eka bar3A pratApI rAnA likhA hai / inane dakSiNake pallA mAdi dezoM ke rAnAoM evaM uttarA pathake rAjAoMse bhI yuddha kiyA thaa| (upu0 pra0 651-697) jaina kaviyoMne inake viSayameM aneka grantha likhe haiN| dakSiNa bhAratameM vicarate hue bhagavAnakA samozaraNa ujjaina ke nikaTa sthita suramya dezakI podanapura nAmaka rAjadhAnImeM pahuMcA thaa| usa samaya yahAMkA rAjA vidradAna jainadharma bhakta thaa| podanapurase vIra pramUkA samozaraNa mAlavA aura rAjasatAnAhI rAjapUtAnAmeM zrImahA- ora mAyA thaa| jayapura rAjyAntargata mahA vIrakA bihAra / vIra ( paTauMdA ) sthAna bhagavAnakI punIti pAvana smRtikA vahAM Aja bhI pragaTa cinha hai| ujjaina meM usa samaya rAnA candrapradyota rAjyAdhikArI the aura vaha jainadharmake premI the|' unane kAlamaMdIva nAmaka upAdhyAyase mleccha bhASA sIkhI thii| kAlasaMdIva jaina muni hue the aura apane ziSya svetamaMdIva sahita vIrasaMgha maMmilita hogaye the / ( mAka0 mA0 3 pR0 110 ) bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANa samaya candrapadyotakA putra " pAlaka" rAjya siMhAmanapara baiThA thA / rAnA praghotana jaina mani Togaye the / ujjaina ke samIpa hI dazArNa deza thaa| isa samaya vahAM ke rAmA dazaratha bhagavAna ke nikaTa sambanyo the; yaha pahale gvA na cukA hai| unake gajyake nikaTa naba vIraprabha pahuMce the, to yaha sambhava nahIM ki 1-pra* pR0 221 / 2-Aka. bha. 3 pR. 5 / 3-hari. pR0 12 (bhuumikaa)|

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / jainadharmake premI yaha rAjA bhagavAnakA vizeSa svAgata karaneme pIche rahe hoN| usasamaya mevAr3a prAMtameM sthita manjhimikA nagarI bhI bahu prakhyAt thii| vIra nirvANa saMvata 84 ke eka zilAlekhameM isa nagarIkA ullekha hai; usase pragaTa hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA mAdara isa nagarake nivAsiyoMmeM khUba thaa| sArAMzataH jainadharmakI gati isa prAMta meM atyanta prAcInakAlase hai / unaina to nenoM kA mukhya hI kendra thaa| rAjapUtAnekI taraha gujarAtameM bhI jainadharmakA astitva prAcIna gujarAta aura sidhade- kAlase hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA samozameM vIra prabhUkA zaraNa dakSiNa prAMtakI ora hotA humA yahAM pavitra vihAra / bhI avazya pahuMcA thA; isa vyAkhyAko puSTa karanevAle ullekha milate haiM / bAvIsaveM tIrthaMkara zrI neminAthanIkA nirvANasthAna isI prAMtameM hai / girinagara (jUnAgar3ha) ke rAjA jaina the, yaha jaina zAstroMse pragaTa hai| kacchadeza aura sindhusauvIrake rAjA udAyana jainadharmake paramabhakta the; yaha pahale likhA jA cukA hai| unakI rAjadhAnI rorukanagarameM bhagavAnakA samozaraNa pahuMcA thaa| roruka usa samaya eka prasiddha bandaragAha thA / lATadezameM usasamaya jainadharmakA khUba pracAra thA / bhRgukacchameM rAjA vasupAla the| yahAM 1-rAi0 bhA0 1 pR0 358-svayaM madhyamikAse prApta vi0 saM0 pUrvakI tIsarI zatAbdike AsapAsakI lipimeM aMkita lekhoM se ekameM par3hA gayA hai ki "sarva bhUtoM (jIvoM)kI dayAke nimitta......banavAyA / " yaha ullekha spaTataH jainoMse sambandha rakhatA hai, bauddhoMse nahIM / kyoMki baukhone saba bhUtoM (pRthvI jalAdi)meM jIva nahIM mAnA hai| dekho kehiha. pR0 161 / 2-hari0 pR0 496 / 3-kaihii0 pR. 212 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [101 jainadharmakI mahimA adhika thii| (Aka0 bhA0 2 40 44) siMdhudeza vihAra aura dharmapracAra karate huye bhagavAna kA zubhApaMjAba aura kAzmIrameM gamana paMjAba aura kAzmIrameM bhI huA thaa| vIra-sandezakA gAMdhAradezako rAjadhAnI takSazilAmeM bhagavA pratighoSa / nakA samozaraNa khUba hI zobhA pAtA thaa| Aja bhI vahAMpara kaI bhagna naina stRpa maujUda haiN| (takSa0, pR. 72) vahIM nikaTameM koTerA grAmake pAsa bhagavAnake zubhAgamanako mucita karanevAlA eka vaMza jaina maMdira aba bhI vidyamAna hai / jainadharmakI bAhulyatA yahAM khuba hogaI thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki sikandara mahAnako yahAMpara digaMbara jaina muni eka bar3I saMkhyA mile the| phalataH bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA vihAra samagra bhAratameM humA samagra bhAratameM vIrapramakA thA / I0se pUrva cauthI zatAbdI meM jaina dharmacakra prvrtn| dharma laMkAme bhI pahuMca gayA thaa|' ataeva isa samayase pahile jainadharma dakSiNa bhAratameM bhA gayA thA, yaha pragaTa hotA hai / jainazAstra kahate haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIrakA samozaraNa dakSiNa prAntake vividha sthAnoM meM pahuMcA thaa| Ana bhI tine hI atizayakSetra isa vyAkhyAkA prakaTa samarthana karate haiN| zrI jinamenAcAryanIke kathanase bhagavAna kA samaya bhArata kiMvA bhanya Arya dezoMmeM vihAra karanA pragaTa hai| vaha likhate haiM ki " nisaprakAra bhavyaktsaka bhagavAna RSabhadevane pahile aneka dezoMmeM vihAra kara unheM dharmAtmA banAyA thA, usIpakAra bhagavAna mahAvIrane bhI madhyake (kAzI, kauzala, kauzalya, kusaMdhya, azvaSTa, sAlva, trigata 1- jA. pR. 682-683 / 2-lAma' pR. 20 /

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / pAMcAla, bhadrakAra, pATaccara, mauka, matsya, kanIya, saurasena evaM vRkArthaka) samudrataTake (kaliMga, kurunAMgala, kaikeya, Atreya, kAMboja, vAlhIka, yavanazruti, siMdhu, gAMdhAra, sauvIra, surabhIru, dazeruka, vADavAna, bhAradvAja aura kvAthatoya) aura uttara dizAke (tArNa, kArNa, pracchAla Adi) dezoMmeM vihArakara unheM dharmakI ora Rju kiyA thaa|" zvetAmbarAmnAyake 'kalpasUtra' graMthameM bhagavAna ke vihArakA ullekha zvetAmbara zAstroM meM cAtumAsoMke rUpameM kiyA hai / vahAM likhA hai cAturmAsa vrnnn| ki cAra caturmApta to bhagavAnane vaizAlI aura vaNiyagrAmameM vitAe the; caudaha rAjagRha aura nAlandAke nikaTavartameM, chai mithilAmeM; do bhadrikAmeM; eka alabhIkameM; eka pANDabhUmimeM; eka zrAvastImeM aura aMtima pAvApurameM pUrNa kiyA thaa| kintu digambarAnAyake zAstra isa kathanase sahamata nahIM haiN| unakA kathana hai ki eka sarvajJa tIrthakarake liye 'caturmAsa' niyamako pAlana karanA mAvazyaka nahIM hai / udhara zvetAmbara zAstroM meM paraspara isa varNanameM matabheda hai| uparokta varNanase zAyada yaha khyAla ho ki bhagavAnakA vihAra bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA kevala bhAratavarSameM huA thA; kintu yaha sukhadavihAra aura vide. mAnanA ThIka nahIM hogaa| jaina zAstra zoMmeM dharmapracAra / spaSTa kahate haiM ki bhagavAnakA vihAra aura dharmapracAra samasta mAryakhaMDameM huA thaa| bharatakSetrake antargata mAryakhaMDakA jo vistRta kSetraphala jaina zAstroMmeM batalAyA gayA hai, - usako dekhate huye vartamAnakA upalabdha jagata usIke antargata siddha 1-hari0 pR0 18 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [ 103 hotA hai' | zravaNabelagolA ke mAnya paMDitAcArya zrI cArukIrtinI mahArAja evaM sva0 paM0 gopAladAsanI baraiyA prabhRti vidvAn bhI isa hI matakA poSaNa kara cuke haiM / ukta paMDitAcArya mahArAjakA to kahanA thA ki dakSiNa bhAratameM karIba eka vA Der3ha hajAra varSa pahile bahuta se jainI arabadeza se Akara base the / aba yadi vahAMpara jaina dharmakA pracAra na huA hotA to vahAMpara jainiyoM kA eka bar3I saMkhyA meM honA asaMbhava thA / zrI jinasenAcaryajI mahArAjane jina dezoM meM bhagavAnakA vihAra huA likhA hai, unameM se yavanazruti, kvAthatorye, surabhI, tArNa, kANa Adi deza avazya hI bhArata ke bAhara sthita pratIta hote haiN| isake atirikta prAcIna grIka yUnAnI) vidvAn bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke samaya ke lagabhaga jaina muniyoMkA astitva vaikTriyA aura avIsiniyAmeM batalAte haiM / vilapharDa sA0ne 'zaMkara prAdurbhava' 1 1- bhavA0, pR0 156 / 2- airi0, bhA0 90 283 / 3- vavana zruti pArasya athavA yUnAnakA bodhaka pratIta hotA hai / 4- kvAthatoSa arthAt umra samudra taTakA deza jisakA jala kvAthake samAna thA / ataH isa pradezakA 'reDI' ( Red Sea ) ke nikaTa honA ucita haiM / usa samudra ke kinAre vAle dezoM jaise avIsiniyA, araba AdimeM jaina dharmakA astitva milatA hai| dekho lAma0 10 18-19 va bhA0 pR0 173-202 / 5-sugbhIru deza saMbhavataH 'surabhi' nAmaka dezakA bodhaka hai, vo madhya aiziyA meM kSIramAgara ( Caspian Sea ) ke nikaTa akSama ( Oxus ) nadIse uttarakI ora sthita thA / yaha Aja kalake tIva (Khiva ) prAntakA khanana athavA svarima pradeza hai / dekho ihikkA 0 mA0 2 10 29 / 6-eime0 pR0 104 "Sarmanaeanswere the philosopers of the Baktrians." va maMyo0 10 103 ( zramaNa jaina muniko kahate hai )

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104 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | nAmaka vaidika granthake AdhArase jainoMkA ullekha kiyA hai / usameM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIrajI ina aMtima do tIrthakaroM kA ullekha ''jina' 'aIn ' athavA 'mahiman ' ( mahAmAnya ) rUpameM huA hai| ukta sA0ne likhA hai ki 'arhana' ne cAroM ora vihAra kiyA thA aura unake caraNacihna dUra dUra dezoM meM milate haiM / laMkA, zyAma, AdimeM ina caraNacinhoMkI pUjA bhI hotI hai / pArasya siriyA (Syria) aura aiziyA madhya meM 'mahiman ' ( mahAmAnya = mahAvIrajI ) ke smAraka milate haiN| mizra meM 'memanana' ( Memnon) kI prasiddha mUrti 'mahiman ' ( mahAmAnya ) kI pavitra smRti aura Adara ke liye nirmita huI thii| ataH ina ullekhoM se bhI bhagavAna mahAvIrakA bhAgnevara dezoM meM bihAra aura dharma pracAra karanA siddha hai| jaina 3 zAstroM meM kitane hI videzI puruSoM kA varNana milatA hai, jinhoMne jainadharma dhAraNa kiyA thaa| Ardraka nAmaka yavana athavA pArasyadezavAsI rAjakumArakA ullekha Upara hocukA hai / usI taraha yUnAnI logoM (yaGkAoM kA bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA bhakta honA prakaTa hai / phaNika athavA paNika (Phonecia ) dezake prasiddha vyApAriyoMmeM jainadharma kI pravRtti honeke cihna milate haiN| * bhagavAnakA samozaraNa jisa samaya vahAM pahuMcA thA, usa samaya eka 'paNika ' vyApArI unake darzanoM ko gayA thA / bhagavAnakA upadeza sunakara vaha pratibuddha huA thA aura jaina muni hokara vIra saMghake sAtha bhArata mAyA thA / jisa samaya vaha gaMgAnadIko nAvapara baiThe huye pAra kara rahA * 1 - airi0 bhA0 3, pR0 193-194 / 2-bhapA0 pR0 97-990 3- airi0 bhA0 3, 196-199 / 4 - bhapA0 pR0 201 - 202 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [105 thA, umI samaya bar3e noroM kA AMdhI-pAnI AyA thA aura nAMvake DUbate 2 unane apane dhyAnabalase kevalajJAna vibhUtiko prApta karake mokSa sumba pAyA thaa| inake atirikta bhagavAnake bhakta vidyAdhara loga avazya hI videzoMke nivAmI the / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA upadeza saMpUrNa AryakhaNDameM humA thA, jo vartamAnakI upalabdha duniyAse kahIM jyAdA vistRta hai| jJAtRputra mahAvIrane ThIka tIsa varSataka cAroMora vihAra karake bhagavAna mahAvIrakA patitapAvana satyadharmakA saMdeza phailAyA thaa| upadeza arthAt matya madAse hai aura vaisA hI rhegaa| bhagavAna mahAvIrane bhI usI sanAtana satyakA pratipAdana apane samayake dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAvake anusAra kiyA thaa| unhoMne spaSTa prakaTa kara diyA thA ki kevala thothe kriyAkANDadvArA athavA vanavAsI nIvanameM mAtra jJAnakA ArAdhana karake koI bhI sacce sukhako nahIM pAsaktA hai| aura yaha prAkRta siddhAnta hai ki pratyeka prANI mukhakA mukhA hai / sAMsArika bhogopabhogakI salaunI sAmagrIko bhogate cale nAie kintu tRpti nahIM hotI hai / vAsanA aura tRSNA zAnta nahIM hotI, manuSya atRpta aura dukhI hI rahatA hai| phalataH bhogopabhogakI mAmagrI dvArA saccA sukha pAlenA pasaM. bhava hai / usako pAlene ke liye tyAgamaya jIvana athavA nivRttimArgakA anuparaNa karanA mAvazyaka hai| bhagavAnane ucca svarase yahI kahA ki mukha bhogase nahIM yogase mila sakA hai| vAsanAkA kSaya huye binA manuSyako pUrNa aura akSayasukha nahIM hosaktA / tyAgamaI 1-bhA. mA. 2 pR. 243 /

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106] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / sanyApta jIvanameM bhI yadi vAsanA-tRptike sAdhana juTAye rakkhe jAye aura kevalajJAnakI ArAdhanAse avinAzI sukha pAlenekA prayatna kiyA jAya to usameM asaphalatAkA milanA hI saMbhava hai / tyAgI huye ghara chor3A-strI putrase nAtA tor3A aura phira bhI nirliptabhAvakI Ar3a lekara vAsanA varddhana sAmagrIko ikaTThA kara liyA, vAsanAko tRpta karane kA sAmAna juTAliyA, to phira vAstavika satyameM vizvAsa hI kahAM rahA ? yaha nizcaya hI zithila hogayA ki bhogase nahIM, yogase pUrNa aura akSaya sukha milatA hai| aura yaha harakoI jAnatA hai ki kisI kAryako saphala banAneke liye tadvata vizvAsa hI mUla kAraNa hai| dRr3ha nizcaya athavA aTala vizvAsa phalakA denevAlA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrane ina AvazyaktAoMko dekhakara hI aura unakA pratyakSa anubhava pAkara 'samyagdarzana' athavA yathArtha zraddhAko sacce sukhake mArga meM pramukha sthAna diyA thA / kintu vaha yaha bhI jAnate the ki nisa prakAra korA karmakAMDa aura nirA jJAna icchita phala pAneke liye kAryakArI nahIM hai, usI prakAra mAtra zraddhAnase bhI kAma nahIM cala sktaa| isIliye inhoMne samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritrakA yugapata honA akSaya aura pUrNa sukha pAneke. liye Avazyaka batalAyA thaa| samyagdarzanako pAkara manuSyoMko nivRtti mArgameM dRr3ha zraddhA utpanna huI thii| vaha jAna gaye the ki yaha jagata anAdi nidhana hai| jIva aura majIvakA lIlA kSetra hai| yaha donoM dravya akratrima anaMta aura avinAzI haiM / anIvane jIvako apane prabhAvameM davA rakkhA hai| jIva zarIra bandhanameM par3A huA hai| vaha icchAmoM aura

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [107 vAsanAoM kA gulAma bana rahA hai| jyoM jyoM vaha bhogavAsanAoMko tRpta karane kA prayatna karatA hai, vaise hI isake duHkha aura kaSTa adhika bar3hate haiN| eka mukSma anIva padArtha, jisako karmavargaNA' (Karnic Molecules) kahate haiM, usake isa bhogaprayAsameM kaSAyodrekase AkarSita hokara usameM eka kAla vizeSake liye sambaddha ho jAtA hai aura phira apanA sukha dukha rUpa phala dikha kara vaha alaga hotA hai / isa Agamana kriyAko bhagavAnane 'Asrava' tatva batalAyA aura bandhana tathA rukane va vilaga honeke prayogako kramazaH "baMdha", "saMvara" aura "nirA" tattvake nAmase ullekha kiyA thaa| karmo ke bhAvAgamanakA yaha tAratamya usa samaya taka barAbara jArI rahatA hai, jabataka ki jIvAtmA icchAoM aura vAsanAoMse apanA piMDa chur3A nahIM letA hai| nipta samaya vaha bhogake sthAnapara yogakA mahatva samajha nAtA hai, usa samaya usakA jIvana eka naye DhaMgakA hojAtA hai / pahale jahAM vaha bhogavArtAoMko pramukhasthAna detA thA, vahAM aba vaha pada pada para saMyamI jIvana vitAnekI koziza karatA hai| vaha sace sukhake sanAtana mArgapara AnAtA hai aura kramazaH icchAoM aura vAsanAoM kA pUrNa nirodha karake karmose apanA pIchA chur3A letA hai| basa, vaha mukta honAtA hai aura sadAke vAste pUrNa evaM akSaya mukhakA moktA bana jAtA hai| loga use pUrNatAkA bhAdarza mAnakara usakI upAsanA aura vinaya karate haiN| vaha jagatapUjya bana jAtA hai| aura sira-buddha, saccidAnanda paramAtmA kahalAtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrane isa sanAtana mArgakA pUrA 2 anusaraNa apane jIvanameM kiyA thA aura

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108] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| vaha saphala huye the / triloka vaMdanIya paramAtmA kahakara Aja jagata unako namaskAra karatA hai / isaprakAra bhagavAna mahAvIrane mokSamArgako nirdiSTa karate huye manuSyoMkI svAdhInatAkA pATha par3hAyA thaa| unhoMne batalA diyA ki apane Apa para vizvAsa kro| aura saccI zraddhAke sAtha apane ApakA aura apane cahuMorake padArtho kA yathArtha jJAna prApta karo / nisa samaya manuSyako sacce jJAnakA bhAna ho jAyagA, vaha kabhI bhI asadapravRtti meM lIna nahIM hogaa| bhogavilAsa use nIrasa jaiceMge aura tyAgake kArya bar3e mIThe aura suhAvane / basa usakA cAritra yathArtha aura nirmala hogaa| bhagavAna yaha acchI taraha jAnate the ki manuSyamAtrake liye yaha saMbhava nahIM hai ki vaha unake samAna hI ekadama rasIlI ramaNI aura rAjasI bhogasAmagrIko pairoMse ThukarA kara nIrasayoga aura mahAna tyAgake bIhar3a magakA pathacara bana jaave| aura vaha yaha bhI samajhate the ki gRhasthajIvanameM nire yogakI zikSAse bhI kAma nahIM cala saktA hai / isIliye bhagavAnane do prakArake dharma mArgakA nirUpaNa kiyA thaa| pahalA mArga to una nisTahI sAdhu oMke liye batalAyA thA, jo usI bhavase mokSasukha pAneke lAlasI hoM aura dUsarA usIkA aparyAptarUpa gRhasthoM ke liye nirdiSTa kiyA thaa| donoM mArgavAloMke liye ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura maparigraha vratoMkA pAlanA mAvazyaka batalAyA thaa| sAdhuloga ina vratoMko pUrNarUpase pAlate haiM; kintu eka gRhastha inako eka deza arthAt mAMzikarUpameM vyavahArameM lAtA hai| ___eka muni pratyeka dazA mana vacana kAya pUrvaka pUrNa ahiM

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra | [ 109 saka rahegA / vaha apanI kSuvA aura tRSAkI nivR ttake liye annajala bhI svataH grahaNa nahIM karegA / yathAjAta nagnarUpameM rahakara zeSa vratoMkA evaM anya niyamoM aura tapa dhyAnakA abhyAsa karegA / kintu isake pratikUla eka gRhastha kevala jAnabUjhakara kaSAyake vaza hokara kisIke prANoMko pIr3A nahIM pahuMcAyegA / vaha gRhasthI jIvanako suvidhA pUrvaka vyatIta karaneke liye AjIvikA bhI karegAroTI pAnI bhI lAyagA aura banAyegA / adharmI aura atyAcArIke anyAyakA pratIkAra karaneke liye zastra - prayoga bhI kregaa| sArAMzataH usake liye hara hAlata meM pUrNa ahiMsaka rahanA asaMbhava hai / isaliye hI vaha ina vratoM ko AMzikarUpameM hI pAla saktA hai; yadyapi vaha apane visAta pUrNa ahiMsaka bananekI hI koziza karegA / yahI nahIM ki svayaM jIvita rahe aura anya prANiyoMko jIvita rahane de, kintu vaha anya prANiyoMko jIvita rahane dene meM apanI jAna bharasaka prayatna karegA, svayaM svAdhIna rahegA aura dUsaroMko bhI svataMtratAkA saunA svAda lene degA | - matalaba yaha hai ki vaha saMsAra meM zAMti aura premakA sAmrAjya phailAne meM agrasara hogA / ahiMsA ke sAtha anya vratoM kA bhI yathAzakti abhyAsa karegA / apanI icchAoM aura AvazyaktAoM ko niyaMtrita aura kamatI karatA huA, vaha atmonnati ke mArga meM agAr3I bar3ha jAyagA aura eka rona avazya hI pUrNa yoga kA abhyAsa karanemeM dattacitta huA milegA / isakA pariNAma yaha hogA ki vaha karmoMko parAsta kara vijaya kAma karegA aura pUrNa sukhakA adhikArI banegA / usake abhyutthAna aura mAnaMdakI kuMbhI usakI muTThI meM hai

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- ~ 110] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / usako saMbhAle aura kAmameM le / bama, AnaMda hI AnaMda hai| ___ yaha svAvalambI jIvana kA saMdeza bhagavAna mahAvIrane usa sama. yake logoMko batAyA thA aura isako sunakara unameM navasphUrti aura navajIvana kA saMcAra huA thA / yahI vijayamArga jainadharma hai / isameM kAyaratA aura bhIrutAko tanika bhI sthAna nahIM hai / bhagavAnane spaSTa kahA thA ki yadi tuma mere dharmameM zraddhA lAnA cAhate ho to pahale nizaGka hone kA abhyAsa krlo| yadi tuma nizaGka nahIM ho, to vijayamArgapara tuma nahIM cala sakte / jainadharma tumhAre liye nahIM hai / vaha nizaGka vIroM kA hI dharma hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrakA yaha upadeza jainadharmake purAtana rUparekhAse bhagavAna mahAvIra aura kucha bhI virodha nahIM rakhatA thaa| aisA hI avazeSa tIrthaGkara / upadeza mahAvIrajIse pahale huye teIsa tIrthakara eka dUsarese bilakula svAdhInarUpa vaijJAnika DhaMgapara apane samayakI AvazyaktAnupAra karate haiN| tIrthakara svayaMbuddha hote haiM aura vaha sarvajJa dazAmeM satya dharmamA prarUpaNa karate haiM / isaliye unake dvArA pratipAdita dharma meM paraspara kucha bhI virodha nahIM hotA / vaha mUlameM sarvathA eka samAna hotA hai aura unakA vivecita saiddhAMtika aMza to pUrNataH kucha bhI para para biparItatA nahIM rakhatA hai / vyavahAra kArigbandhI niyamoM meM vaha avazya hai ki pratyeka tIrthaGkara apane mamanukA usako nirdiSTa karatA hai| isI kAraNa jaina zAstroMmeM kahA gayA ki- "ajitase lekara pArzvanAtha paryaMta bAIsa tIrthakaroMne sAmAyika saMyamakA aura RSabhadeva tathA mahAvIra bhagavAnane 'chedopasthApanA saMyamakA upadeza diyA hai|'

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [121 bhAva yaha hai ki RSabhadeva aura mahAvIra bhagavAnane sAmAyikAdi pAMca prakArake cAritrakA pratipAdana kiyA hai, jisameM chedopasthApanAkI yahAM pradhAnatA hai / zeSa bAIsa tIrthakaroMne kevala hI kevala sAmAyika cAritrakA pratipAdana kiyA hai| isa zAsana bhedakA kAraNa AcAyane batalAyA hai ki "pAMca mahAvratoM (chedopasthApanA) kA kathana ima banahase kiyA gayA hai ki inake dvArA sAmAyikakA dUsaroM ko upadeza denA, svayaM anuSThAna karanA, pRthak 2 rUpase bhAvanAmeM lAnA sugama honAtA hai / Adi tIrthameM ziSya muzkilase zuddha kiye jAte haiM; kyoMki ve atizaya sarala svabhAva hote haiN| aura aMtima tIrthameM ziSya nana kaThinatAse nirvAha karate haiM; kyoMki ve atizaya vaka svabhAva hote haiM / sAtha hI ina donoM samayoM ke ziSya spaSTa rUpase yogya ayogyako nahIM jAnate haiN| isaliye Adi aura antake tIrthoM meM isa chedopasthApanAke upadezakI jarUrata padA huI hai|" isI prakAra RSabha aura mahAvIrajIke tIrtha ke logoM ke liye aparAdhake hone aura na hone kI apekSA na karake pratikramaNa karanA manivArya hotA; kintu madhyake cAIma tIrthakaroM kA dharma aparAdhake hone para hI pratikramaNakA vidhAna karatA hai / isa ta' nItharoMkA yaha jhA 'bheda dravya, kSetra, kara, bhAvake anupA hai aura mUlabhAvameM parampara kucha bhI virova nahI khatA / saba ho yA mahAn vyaktitva aura unakA dharma prAyaH eka samAna hotA hai| 1-mUlA0 7-32 / 2-mUlA. 1.4-129 vizeSake liye dekho bena hitaiSI mA. 12 aMka 7.8 /

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112] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / teIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha bhagavAna mahAvIrajIse zrIjJAtapatra mahAvIra DhAI sau varSa pahile huye the / unakA vaiya. aura ktika aura pArasparika sambaMdha uparokta bhagavAna pArzvanAtha / ullekhaI atirikta aura kucha bhI adhika dRSTi nahIM par3atA / kiMtu zvetAMbara zAstroM meM unake aura mahAvIranIke dharmameM kucha vizeSa antara batalAyA hai / zvetAMbara kahate haiM ki pArzvanAthanIne kevala cAra vratoM kA hI nirUpaNa kiyA thA aura unake tIrthake sAdhu savastra rahate the| bhagavAna mahAvIrane una cAra vratoM meM garbhita zIlavratako prathakarUpa dekara pAMca vratoMkA upadeza diyA aura unhoMne sAdhu jIvanako kaThina tapasyAse paripUrNa banAne ke liye nagnatAkA vidhAna kiyA thaa| zvetAMbaroMkA yaha kathana unake vizeSa pramANika aura mula AcArAMgAdi granthoM meM nahIM hai / aura yaha bhanyathA bhI bAdhita hai| bauddha granthoM meM avazya bhagavAna mahAvIrako 'cAturyAma saMvara' se veSTita batalAyA hai kintu vaha zvetAMbaroMke cAra vratoMke samAna nahIM hai| vaha ThIka vaisI hI cAra kriyAyeM haiM jaisI ki jaina sAdhuoMke liye di0 jaina granthoM meM milatI haiN| kintu hamArA anumAna hai ki uparAMta IsavIkI chaThI zatAvdimeM jaba zvetAMbara granthoM kA saMkalana huA thA, taba bauddha granthoM meM jainoMke liye 'cAturyAma saMvara' niyamakA prayoga dekhakara zvetAMbaroMne usakA sambaMdha pArzvanAthanIse baiThA diyA; kyoMki yaha to vidita hI hai ki zvetAMbara bhAgama 1-usU0 pR0 169-175 / 2-dIti0 bhA0 1 pR. 57-58 / 3-bhayabu. pR. 222-227 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [113 anyoMmeM bahuta kucha bauddhoMke piTatrayake hI samAna aura sambhavataH unakA uddharaNa hai| DaoN0 jaikobIne bho bauDoMke uparyukta cAturyAma saMvara niyamako bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA cAtuvrata niyama pragaTa kiyA hai : jaise ki zvetAMbara batalAte haiM; kintu unakI yaha mAnyatA nirAdhAra hai| mataeva yaha ucita naMcatA hai ki bhagavAna pArdhanAthanI aura mahAvIranIke dharmo meM sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanA (paMca mahAvrata) rUpa pradhAnatAko pAkara, zvetAMbaroMne pArzvanAthanIke dharmameM cAra vrata aura mahAvIra bhagavAna ke dharmameM paMcamahAvratoM kA honA pragaTa kara diyA / vaise yathArthameM donoM hI tIrthakaroMke dharmoM meM vrata pAMca hI mAne gaye the| yahI hAla nagnatAke viSaya meM hai| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha jIko athavA unake tIrthake muniyoM ko vastra dhAraNa karate hue batalAnA nirAdhAra hai| bauddha granthoMse yaha siddha hai ki pArzvanAtha nIke tIrthake sAdhu nagna rahane the| aura muni bheSakA nagna honA prAkRta samucita hai; jaise ki pahile pragaTa kiyA nAcukA hai aura nimase zvetAMvara zastra bhI sahamata haiN| ataeva yaha kahanA ki bhagavAna mahAvIrane nagnatAkA pracAra kiyA, kucha bhI mahatva nahIM rakhatA / kinhIM vidvAnoM / yaha svayAla hai ki pArzvanAthanI ke dharmameM tAtvika siddhAMta pUrNataH nirdiSTa nahIM the| kintu yaha khayAla maina mAnyatAke viruddha hai| jaina spaSTa kahate haiM ki bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke dharmameM bhI vaise hI tattva 1-Js. Pt., Intro. p. 23. 2-bhamatru* pR. 224 / 3-bhamavu. 10 236-230 / -hiprihaphi0 pR. 396......

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114] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / aura siddhAMta the, jaise ki anya tIrthaMkaroMke dharmoM meM the aura nainoMkI isa mAnyatAko aba kaI vidvAn satya svIkAra kara cuke haiM. / kinhIM vidvAnoMkA yaha mata hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIranI jaina zrI mahAvIra jaina dharmake saMsthApaka haiM aura unhoMne hI saMsthApaka the aura na jaina jainadharmakA nIvAropaNa vaidika dharmake dharma hindU dharmako virodhameM kiyA thA; kiMtu unakA yaha mata zAkhA hai| nirmala hai| Ajase karIba do hajAra varSa pahaleke loga bhI bhagavAna RSabhanAtha nIkI vinaya karate the| aura una logoMne anya teIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyAM nirmita kI thii| aba yadi jainadharmare mAdhyApaka bhagavAna mahAvIrajI mAne jAveM, to koI kAraNa nahIM dikhatA ki itane prAcIna jamAne meM loga bhagavAna RSabhanAthako jainadharma kA pramukha samajhate aura unakI evaM unake bAda huye tIrthaMkaroMkI mUrtiyAM banAte aura upAsanA karate / tisapara svayaM vaidika evaM bauddhagranthoM meM isa yuga jainadharmake prathama pracAraka zrI RSabhadeva hI batAye gaye haiN| athaca noMke sUkSma siddhAnta, jaise pRthvI, jala, agni AdimeM jIva batalAnA, aNu aura paramANuoM kA ati prAcIna para maulika evaM pUrNa varNana karanA, bhAdarza punA Adi aise niyama haiM jo jainadharmakA astitva eka bahuta hI prAcInakAla takameM siddha kara 1-bhapA0 pra0 385-388 / -DaoN0 glaiMsenAtha (Dev Jainusmus). aura DaoN. jAlakonTiyara yaha svIkAra karate haiM (kehii. pR0 154ke usU0 bhUmikA pR0 21) 3-jaivioso bhA0 3 pR. 447 va jaistU0 pR0 24...... 4-bebiojaismA0 pR. 88-100 / 5-bhAgavata 4-5 .bhAra bhUmikA 6-patazAca vIra varSa 4 pR. 352 /

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mhaaviir| [115 neko paryApta haiM / ataH usakI sthApanA Ajase kevala DhAIhajAra varSa pahale bhagavAna mahAvIrajI dvArA huI mAnanA bilakula nirAdhAra hai| yahI bAta use vaidika dharmake virodharUpa pragaTa huA batAne meM hai| kisI bhI vaidikagraMthameM yaha likhA huA nahIM milatA ki jainadharmakA nikAsa vaidika dharmase huA thA / pratyuta donoM dharmoke siddhAntoMkI paraspara tulanA karanese jainadharmakI prAcInatA vaidika dharmase adhika pramANita hotI hai| hinduoMke 'bhAgavata' meM RSabhadevanIko mAThavAM avatAra mAnA hai aura bArahaveM avatAra vAmana kA ullekha vedoM meM hai| ataH RSabhadevanI, noki nainoM ke prathama tIrthakara haiM, kA samaya vedoMse bhI pahale ThaharatA hai / RSabhadevanIko vRSabha aura AdinAtha bhI kahate haiN| Rgveda Adi meM vRSabha athavA RSabha nAmaka mahApuruSakA ullekha AyA hai| yaha RSabha avazya hI jaina tIrthakara honA cAhiye, kyoMki hindu pugaNakAroMke varNanase yaha spaSTa hai ki hinduoMko nina RSabhadevakA paricaya thA, vaha jaina tIrthakara the| ataeva nainadharmako vaidika dhamakI zAkhA kahanA kucha ThIka nahIM naMcatA / katipaya hindU vidvAnoMkA bhI yahI mata hai| isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra kA sambandha anya tIrthakarI aura bhagavAna mahAvIrakA dharmose dekhakara hama apane prakana viSayapara nirvANa / AnAte haiM / pahile likhA nAcukA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrakA vihAra mamama AyakhaMDa meM hogayA thaa| bhagavA 1-vizeSake liye * bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ' nAmaka hamArI pustakakI bhUmikA dekhiye / 2-saje0 pR0 7-87. 3-bhAgavata 5 / 4-5-6. 10; hivi. mA0 3 pR. 444. (-higlI* pR. 75 va mapA* prastAvanA 1.2021. 5-vIrapa5pR. 23550 bhapA* prattApamA pR0 220

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116] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / nane apanI 42 varSakI avasthAse yaha dharma pracAra kAryaprArambha karake 72 varSakI avasthA taka bar3I saphalatAse kiyA thA / jipta samaya bhagavAna 72 varSake huye, usa samaya unheM nirvANa lAbha huA thaa| jaina zAstra kahate haiM ki bhagavAna vihAra karate huye pAvApura nagarameM pahuMce aura vahAM ke 'manohara' nAmaka vanameM sarovarake madhya mahAmaNiyoMkI zilApara virAjamAna huye the / ___ pAbAnagara dhana sampadAmeM bharapura mallarAjAoMkI rAjadhAnI thii| usa samaya yahAMke rAjA hastipAla the aura vaha bhagavAna mahAvIrake zubhAgamanakI vATa joha rahe the / apane nagarameM trailokya pUjya prabhuko pAkara vaha bar3e prasanna huye aura unane khUba utsava mnaayaa| kahate haiM ki bhagavAnakA yahAM hI antima upadeza huA thaa| antataH "vihAra chor3akara arthAt yoga nirodhakara nirjarAko bar3hAte huye ve do dina taka vahAM virAjamAna rahe aura phira kArtika kRSNa caturdazIkI rAtrike aMtima samayameM svAti nakSatrameM tIsare zukladhyAnameM tatpara huye| tadanantara tInoM yogoMko nirodhakara samucchinna kriyA nAmake cauthe zukladhyAnakA Azraya unhoMne liyA aura cAroM aghAtiyA karmoko nAza kara zarIra rahita kevala guNarUpa hokara sabake dvArA vAJchanIya aisA mokSapada prApta kiyaa|" isa prakAra mokSapada pAkara ve ananta sukhakA upabhoga usI kSaNase karane lge| isa samaya bhI indroM aura devoMne mAnanda utsava manAyA thaa| sAre saMsArameM alaukika Ananda chA gayA thaa| aMdherI rAta thI, to bhI eka apUrva prakAza cahuM ora phaila gayA thaa| 1-upu0 pR0 044 va suni0 10-88..2-upu0 pR0 744-745,

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jJAtrika kSatrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra / [117 bhagavAnako nirvANa lAbha huA sunakara AsapAsa ke prasiddha rAjA loga bhI pAvApura ke udyAnameM pahuMce the aura vahAMpara dIpotsava manAyA thaa| 'kazmUtra meM likhA hai ki " usa pavitra divasa jaba pUjyanIya zramaNa mahAvIra sarva sAMsArika duHkhoMse mukta hogae to kAzI aura kauzalake 18 rAnAoMne, 9 mallarAnAoMne aura 9 licchivi rAjAoM ne dIpotsava manAyA thaa| yaha proSadhakA dina thA aura unhoMne kahA-jJAnamaya prakAza to lupta hocukA hai, Ao bhautika prakAzase jagatako daidIpyamAna banAveM / "" bhagavAna mahAvIranIkA nirvANa hogyaa| bhAratamese jJAnakA bhagavAna mahAvIrake sAkSAt prakAza vilupta hogyaa| tatkAlIna pavitra smaark| janatAne isa divya avamarakI pavitra smRtiko cisthAI banAne meM kucha uThA na rakkhA / usane bhagavAna ke nirvANasthAnapara eka bhavya maMdira aura stupa bhI banAyA thA, jahAM Ana bhI bhagavAnake caraNa-cinha virAnamAna haiN| sAtha hI bhaktavatsala pranAne eka rASTrIya tyauhAra dIpotsava' athavA divAlIkI sRSTi ina mahApuruSake pAvana smArakarUpa kI thii| isa tyauhArako bhAna bhI samasta bhAratIya pArasparika bheda-bhAvanAko mRlakara eka-meka honAte haiM aura premamaI divAlI manAte haiN| isake atirikta tatkAlIna janatAne bhagavAna ke nirvANakAlase eka bhabda prArambha kiyA thA; jaise ki bArlIgrAmase prApta aura manamera anAyabagharameM rakkhe huye vIra nirvANa saM0 85 ke prAcIna zilAlekhase pragaTa hai| janatAkI 1-Js. I,d. 266. 2-mama0 pR0 190 / 3-hagi* 19-13 va 21-16 / 4-mama. pra. 24-245 /

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118 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | aTala bhakti itane meM hI samApta nahIM huI thI / usane bhagavAna ke divya saMdezako aura unake mahAn vyaktitva ke mahatvako cahuMora phailAne ke liye ina bAtoMko citrabaddha ( Pictographic ) bhASA meM prakaTa karanevAle sikke DhAle the| kinhIM vidvAnoMko saMzaya hai ki sikkoMkA sambandha zAyada hI dhArmika bAtoMse ho; kintu yaha bAta nahIM hai| Aja bhI hama kinhIM rAjAoMke pracalita sikkoMpara trizUla va gAyakA cinha dekhate haiM; jo unakI sAmpradAyikatA prakaTa karaneke liye paryApta haiN| prAcInakAlake rAjAoMke bhI aise sikke mile haiM; jinameM lakSmI, trizUla Adi dhArmika aura sAmpradAyika bhedako prakaTa karanevAle cinha haiN| phira usa samaya zAstrArthakA caileJja deneke liye apanI mudrAyeM Adi rakhanekA rivAja thA / isa dazA meM unapara sAmpradAyika cinha honA anivArya thA / aura yaha bhI rivAja usa samaya thA ki vyApArI Adi loga apane nijI sikke DhAlate the; + jinapara unake vaMzagata mAnyatAoMke cihna honA ucita hI haiM / sacamuca bhAratameM ajJAta kAlase sAmpradAyika mahatva diyA jAtA rahA hai / jaina tIrthaMkaroMke cinha khAsa mUrtiyoM se bhI adhika mahatva rakhate haiM aura unameM se ekAdha to itihAsAtItakAlake purAtattva meM milate haiN| aisI dazA meM aisA koI kAraNa nahIM, jisase kahA jAsake ki vIraprabhuke upadezako prakaTa karanevAle sikke nahIM Dhale : 1- bhrama0 pR0 245 - 246 va vIra varSa 3 pR0 442 va 467 // - 2 - AprArA0 bhA0 2- sikkA naM0 25 / * uda0 6 / + repasana, iMDiyana kkAyansa, pR0 3 / 3 ai0 bhA0 9 pR0 138 / 4 - prI0 hisTorIkala iMDiyA pR0 192-193 /

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zrI vIra-saMgha aura anya raajaa| [119 ye| kitane hI upalabdha sikkoM se, jo bhagavAnake samayase lekara mAndhra kAlatakake haiM, bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke dharmakA sambandha pragaTa hotA hai| ataH ina saba bAtoM ko dekhate huye, yaha andAna sahana hI lagAyA jAtA hai ki bhagavAna ke nirvANa uparAnta unakA Adara janatAmeM vizeSa thaa| isa prakAra jJa tRvaMza kSatriyoM kA paricaya hai / bhAratIya itiuparAntake jhota athavA hAsameM inakA mahatva kima viziSTako liye nAtha ksstrii| huye hai, yaha batAnA vRthA hai / kintu bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke uparAnta isa vaMzakA aura kucha vizeSa pari. caya hameM nahIM milatA hai / hAM, aba bhI pUrvIya bhAratakI ora eka nAyavaMzakA ullekha milatA hai| kiMtu mAlUma nahIM ki unakA saMbaMdha kisa vaMzase hai| zrI kari-saMgha aura anya raajaa| (I0 pU0 574-520) nipta samaya isa kalpakAlake ArambhameM bhogamUmikA anta jainadharmameM " saMgha " hogayA aura logoMko jIvanake kartavyapatha saMsthAkI praaciintaa| para mArUda honA par3A arthAt karmabhUmikA prAdurbhAva humA, to bhagavAna RSamadevane tatkAlIna pranAko madhyatAkI pAyamika zikSA dI thii| usI samaya gRhatyAga karake digambara meSa ghora tapazcaraNa karane ke uparAnta RSamadevako kevalajJAnakI vimRti prApta iithii| aura nepAmasta kAryakrama mena Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ___www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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120 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | dharmakA pracAra kiyA thA / unakI zaraNameM aneka bhavya prANI mAye the / koI muni huA thA, koI udAsIna zrAvaka ke vrata lekara bhagavAna ke sAtha rahane lagA thA aura koI mAtra asaMyata samyagdRSTI hogayA thaa| bhAratIya mahilAyeM apanI dhArmikatA ke liye prasiddha haiM / vaha bhI eka bar3I saMkhyA meM bhagavAnakI zaraNa meM Akara AtmakalyANake pathapara lagIM thiiN| isI samaya bhagavAnake tIrtha meM prathama jaina saMghakA nIvAropaNa huA thaa| bhagavAna RSabhadevakI prAcInatA itihAsAtIta kAlameM hai; jisakA patA lagAnA kaThina hai / ataH jainoM meM saMgha vyavasthA bhI kucha kama prAcIna nahIM hai / zrI vIra athavA usake udgamakA sahaja patA pAlenA eka kaThina mahAvIra saMgha meM kArya hai / to bhI bhagavAna RSabhadevake dvArA cAra aGga the / usakA prathama saMgaThana huA thA / usake cAra aMga the; arthAt (1) muni, (2) AryikA (3) zrAvaka aura (4) zrAvikA / isa prakArakI saMghavyavasthA pratyeka tIrthaMkarake samavazaraNameM rahI thI aura bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA saMgha bhI aisA hI thA / vaha 'vIra - saMgha' athavA 'mahAvIra saMgha' ke nAmase prakhyAta thaa| usake bhI cAra aGga the / yadyapi zvetAmbara AmnAyakI mAnyatA aisI pragaTa hotI hai ki bhagavAnake saMghameM kevala muni aura ArthikA sAtha rahate the / zrAvaka-zrAvikA to vaha dharmavatsala mahAnubhAva the, jo gharameM rahakara dharmAna karate the / ( gihiNo giDimajjha vasantA ) kintu yaha 1 - saMjaii0 tRtIya pariccheda / 2-uda0 21119 va dijai0 varSa 21 pR0 38 kintu unake kalpasUtra meM vIra saMghameM cAroM aMga ginAye gaye haiM ( Js. pt. I. ) aise hI zrI hemacandrAcArya bhI pragaTa karate haiM / (niSasAda yathAsthAna saGghastracaturvidhaH / pari0 10 1) /

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zrI vIra-saMgha aura anya raanaa| [111 mAnyanA bauDa graMthoMse bAdhita hai| unase yaha spaSTa patA calatA hai ki vIrasaMghameM muni-AryikAoM ke sAtha 2 zrAvaka-zrAvikA bhI the| yaha avazya hI gRhatyAgI udAsIna zrAvaka the; yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddha granthoM meM inheM 'gihI odAta vasanA' 'muNDa sAvaka' aura 'ekazATaka nigantha' kahA hai / digambara jaina zAstroMke anusAra gRhatyAgI zrAvakako zveta vastra dhAraNa karane, sira muMDA rakhane aura utkRSTa dazAmeM mAtra eka vastra dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna milatA hai| diga. jaina zAstra bhI utkRSTa zrAvaka nigranthakA ullekha 'ekazATaka' nAmase karate haiN| ataeva vIra saMghameM sAdhu-mAdhviyoMke sAtha2 zrAvaka zrAvikAoMkA saMmilita honA pramANita hai| bauddha granthoMse yaha bhI pragaTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIranIkA vIra saMghale gaNa saMgha upa samaya thA aura upameM gaNarUpa meda aura gaNadhara / bhI vidyamAna the; kyoMki bauddha loga bhagavAna mahAvIrako saMgha aura gaNakA AcArya (niganTho nAtaputto saMghI ceva gaNI ca gaNAcAryoM ca.... ) batalAte haiN| jaina granthoMse bhI bhaga 1-dIni0 mA0 3 pR0 117-18 yahAM bhagavAna ke nirvANa upaganta nigraMtha muniyoMke paraspara vivAda karanekA ullekha hai; jise dekhakara saMghake zrAvaka (niganThassa nAthaputtassa sAvakA gihI odAtavasanA ) dukhI huye the| 2-bhamabu0 pariziSTa 10 208-210 'ekzATaka' kA vyavahAra utkRSTa prAvakake liye huA hai / buvaghoSa inheM eka vanadhArI, laMgoTI yA khaMDaceladhArI kahate hai:-"ekazATaka ti ekesa pilotika khanDena purato paticchAdAnakA |'-mnorthpuurinnii 3 10 15 / "pustAla lambate dasAdivyAvadana pR. 370 (With hanging cloth). 3-sAgAradharmAmRta 38-48 / 4-AdipugaNa 38158 3977 / 5-dIni0 mAga 15. 48-49 /

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122 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | vAnake saMgha meM gaNa bhedakA patA calatA hai| vIra saMghameM kula gyAraha gaNadhara the; jinameM pramukha indrabhUti gautama the / zvetAMvara zAstroM ke anusAra yadyapi gaNadhara gyAraha the; parantu gaNa kuru nau the / yaha nau vRnda athavA gaNa isa prakAra banAye gaye haiM: (1) prathama mukhya gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama, gautama gotrake the aura unake gaNa meM 500 bhramaNa the / (2) dusare gaNavara agnibhUti bhI gautama gotrake the / inake gaNa meM bhI 500 muni the / (3) tIsare gaNadhara vAyubhUti, indrabhUti aura agnibhUtike bhAI the aura gautama gotrake the| inake AdhIna gaNameM bhI 500 muni the / (4) Arya vyakta cauthe gaNadhara bhAradvAja gotrake the| inake gaNameM bhI 500 bhramaNa the / (5) agni vaizyAyana gotrake pAMcaveM gaNadhara sudharmAcArya ye, jinake AdhIna 100 zramaNa the / (6) maNDikaputra athavA maNDitaputra vaziSTa gotrake the aura 250 zramaNoMko dharma zikSA dete the / (7) maurdhya putra kAzyapa gotrI bhI 290 muniyoM ke gaNadhara the / (8) akaMpita gautama gotrI aura haritAyana gotrake acala basa donoM hI sAthara tInasau zramaNoM ko dharmajJAna arpaNa karate the / (9) maitreya aura prabhAta kauMDinya gotrake the| donoMke saMyukta gaNa meM 100 muni the' / 1- lAbhama0 pR0 56 va kasu0 Js. I. 265.

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zrI vIra-saMgha aura anya raajaa| [123 'isaprakAra mahAvIrajIke gyAraha gaNaghara, nau vRnda aura 4200 vIrasaMghake mani- zramaNa mukhya the / isake sivAya aura bahutase yoM kI saMkhyA / zramaNa aura ArnikAeM thIM, jinakI saMkhyA kramase caudahahanAra aura chattItahanAra thii| zrAvakoM kI saMkhyA 15000 thIM aura zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA 318000 thii|" digambara AmnAyake graMthoM meM bhagavAnake indrabhRti, agnibhUti vAyubhUti, zucidatta, subarma, mAMDavya, mauryaputra, akaMpana, acaka, medArya aura prabhAsa, ye gyAraha gaNadhara batAye gae haiN| ye samasta hI sAta prakArakI RddhiyoM se saMpanna aura dvAdazAke vettA the / gautama Adi pAMca gaNagharoMke milakara saba ziSya dazahajAra chaiso pacAsa aura pratyekake dohajAra ekasau tIsa 2 the| chaThe aura sAtaveM gaNagharoM ke milakara saba ziSya mAThau pacApta aura pratyekake cArasau paccIsa 2 the| zeSa cAra gaNagharoM se pratyekake chaipo paccIta 2 aura saba milakara DhAIhanAra the / saba milakara caudahahamAra the| gaNoM ke atirikta Atmonnatike lihAnase yaha gaNanA isaprakAra thI, arthAta 9900 sAdhAraNa muniH 30. aMgapUrvadhArI muniH 130. bhavavijJAnadhArI muni, 900 RddhivikriyA yukta zramaNa, 50. cAra jJAnake dhArI; 700 kevalajJAnI; 9.. anuttaravAdI / isa taraha bhI saba milakara 140.. muni the|' 1-camama0 pR. 181 / 2-hari0 pR0 20 (barga 3 zlo0 4046) 3-1ri0 pR. 20 / /

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124 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / indrabhUti gautama vIra saMgha meM pramukha gaNadhara the| zrI gautama pramukha gaNadhara indrabhUti athavA gautama svAmIke nAmase bhI inakI gautama aura agnibhUti prasiddhi hai / ma0 gautama buddha aura gaNadhara va vAyubhUti / indrabhUtike gotra nAma 'gautama' kI apekSA kitane hI vidvAnoMne bhrama meM par3akara donoM vyaktiyoMko eka mAnA hai aura bauddha dharmako jainadharmase nikalA huA batAyA hai / kintu vAstava meM bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke samaya meM ma0 gautama buddha, indrabhUti gautama aura nyAya sUtroMke kartA akSayapAda gautama tIna svataMtra vyakti the / unakA eka dUsarese koI sambaMdha nahIM thA / indramRti gautamakA janma magadhadeza ke 'gaurvaragrAma' meM huA thA / inakA pitA gautama gotrI brAhmaNa vasubhUti athavA zAMDilya thA; jo eka suprasiddha dhanADhya pratiSThita vidvAna aura apane gAMvakA mukhiyA thA / aura sulakSaNA strIke udarase indrabhUtikA janma huA thA / iMdrabhUtike laghu bhrAtA agnibhUti bhI pRthvI ke garbha se janme the; ina donoM bhAiyoMkA janma san I0ke prArambhase kramazaH 629 varSa aura 198 varSa pahale huA thA / inakA tIsarA choTA bhAI vAyubhUti thA jisakA janma vasubhUtikI dUsarI viduSI strI kezarIke udarase 3 varSa pazcAta arthAt san I0 se 195 varSa pUrva huA thA / yaha tInoM hI bhAI sabase pahale jainadharmameM dIkSita hokara vIra saMgha sarva prathama muni hue the aura tInoM hI gaNadhara padako suzobhita karate the | gaurvaragrAmameM usa samaya prAyaH brAhmaNa loga hI basate the aura unakA hI vahAMpara prAbalya thA / kintu unameM gautamI brAhmaNa hI bala, vaibhava, aizvarya aura vidvattA Adike kAraNa adhika

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zrI vIra saMgha aura anya rAjA / | 125 pratiSThita gine jAte the / isIliye ima grAmakA nAma 'brAhmaNa' 'brAhmapurI' athavA 'gautamapurI' bhI prasiddha hogayA thA / yaha tInoM hI mAI vidyAke agAdha paMDita the / yaha koSa, vyAkaraNa, chanda, alaGkAra, tarka, jyotiSa, sAmudrika, vaidyaka aura vedavedAMgAdi par3hakara vidyAni - puNa hogae the / inakI vidvattA aura buddhimatAkI ghAka qhUba jama gaI thI aura inake guNoM kI loka-prasiddhi aisI huI ki dUra dUra taka ke vidyArthI vidyAdhyayana karaneke liye inake pAsa Ate the / 'sana I0 se 575 varSa pUrva mitI zrAvaNa kRSNa 2 ko indramRti gautama apanI lagabhaga 50 varSakI avasthA meM, devendrake kauzala dvArA bhagavAna mahAvIrase zAstrArtha karaneke vicArase unake nikaTa pahuMce; jaba ki vIra prabhRko ukta mitIse 66 dina pUrva mitI vaizAkha zukla 10 ko kaivalyapada prApta hocukA thA; to bhagavAnake tapa, tena aura jJAnazakti se prabhAvita hokara turanta gRhastha dazAko tyAga kara muni hogaye / agnibhUti aura vAyubhUti bhI inake sAtha gaye the / ve bhI muni hogaye' / apane guruoM ko bhagavAnakI zaraNa meM pahuMcA dekhakara ina tInoM bhAiyoM ke pAMcasause adhika ziSya bhI vIrasaMgha meM sammilita hogaye the / I indrabhUti gautamane jinadIkSA ke mAtha hI usI dina pUrvAhna nirmala pariNAmoM dvArA sAta RddhiyoM aura mana:paryaya jJAnako pA liyA thA tathA rAtri meM unhoMne jinapatrike mukha se nikale huye, padArthoMkA hai vistAra jisameM aise upAGga mahita dvAdazAGga zrutakI pada racanA kara lI thii| inakI kula Ayu 92 varSakI thI; 1- neza0 pR0 60-61 / 2-30 pu0 pR0 616 /

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126 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / jisameM lagabhaga 45 varSataka vaha munidazAmeM rahe the| vIra saMghake pramukha gaNAdhIza rUpameM inake dvArA jainadharmakA vizeSa vikAza huA thaa| jisasamaya bhagavAna mahAvIrako nirvANa lAbha huA thA, usa samaya inheM kevalajJAna lakSmIkI prApti huI thii| isI kAraNa divAlIke roja gaNeza pUjAkA rivAja calA hai / vIra prabhUke uparAnta yahI saMghake nAyaka rahe the aura vIranirvANase bArahavarSa bAda bhaga. vAnake anugAmI huye the / I0 pUrva 533 meM inako vipulAcala parvatapara (rAjagRhI)se mokSa sukha prApta huA thaa| cIna yAtrI huinatsAMgane bhI inakA ullekha bhagavAnake gaNadhara rUpameM kiyA hai| agnibhUti aura vAyubhUti bhI dvAdazAMgake vettA the aura inakI bhAyu kramazaH 24 aura 70 varSakI thii| yaha bhI kevalI the aura inheM bhagavAnake jIvana meM hI mokSasukha milA thA / isaprakAra bhagavAnake prAraMbhika ziSya athavA anuyAyI janmake jainI nahIM the; pratyuta ve vadikadharmase jainadharmameM dIkSita huye the| cauthe gaNadhara vyakta the / inako bhavyakta aura zucidatta bhI naura mara kahate the / yaha bhAradvAja gotrI brahmaNa the aura vyakta / jainadharmameM dIkSita huye the| kuNDagrAmake pArzvameM sthita kollAga sannivezameM eka dhanamitra nAmaka brAhmaga thaa| usakI bAhaNI nAmaka strIkI kokhase inakA janma huA thaa| inakI Ayu 80 varSakI thI aura inhoMne bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke jIvanakAlameM hI nirvANapada pAyA thaa| 1-vRjaiza0 pR. 7 / 2-upu0 pR. 744 / 3-bhama0 pR0 115 / 4-vRjaiza. pR0 61 / 5-vRjeza* pR. 7 /

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vaNAN zrI vIra saMgha aura anya rAjA / [127 zrI sudharmAcArya pAMcave gaNadhara the| indrabhUti gautamake pazcAta zrI sudharmAcArya aura inhoMne hI vIrasaMghakA netRtva bAraha varSa. jainadharma pracAra / taka grahaNa kiyA thaa| inake dvArA jaina dharmakA prabhAva khuba hI digantavyApI huA thA / jisa samaya indramRti gautamako nirvANalAbha huA thA, usa samaya inako kevalajJAnakI vimUti milI thI aura jambRkumAra (antima kevalI) zrutakevalajJAna prApta huA thaa| sudharma svAmI bhI brAhmaNa varNake the| inakA gotra agnivaizyAyana thaa| inake gotrakI apekSA hI baur3oMne mahAvIranIkA ullekha 'magnivazyAyana' rUpameM kiyA hai / isa ullekhase yaha spaSTa hai ki vIra saMghameM yaha eka bar3e prabhAvazAlI aura prasiddha netA the / yaha 'lohArya' nAmase bhI vikhyAta the / * inakA janma sthAna kollAga sanniveza thA aura inake mAtA-pitAkA nAma kramazaH dhammila aura bhadrilA thaa| inakI Ayu mau varSakI thI / muni jIvanameM inhoMne sAre bhAratavarSa vihAra kiyA thaa| puMDUvarddhanameM (baGgAlameM) inakA vihAra aura dharmapracAra vizeSa rUpameM huA thaa| udezake dharmanagarameM upa mamaya ganA yama rAjya karatA thaa| uralezakA rAjA yama upakI dhanavatI nAmaka rAnIke udarase muni huA thaa| koNikA nAmakI eka kanyA aura gaDhama nAmaka eka putra thA / anya rAniyoMme isa rAnAke 500 putra aura ye| zrI sudharmAcAryakA saMgha isa jAkI ganavAnI meM phuNcaa| pahale to imane munimaMghakI avajJA ke'; kiMtu haThAta yaha pratibuddha ho 1-pu. pR. 4 / 2-bhama* pR. 23 / * hA * mA0 . 1 .1 .3 pR...7| 4-bIra varSa 5 pR.10.

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128 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / jaina muni hogyaa| 500 putra bhI apane pitAke sAtha muni hogye| gardabhane zrAvakake vrata grahaNa kiye aura vaha uDUdezakA rAjA huaa| isI prakAra kitane hI anya dezoMke rAnAoM aura bhavya puruSoMko sanmArgapara lAkara sudharmAsvAmIne bhI mokSa prApta kiyA thaa| isasamaya zrutakevalI jambUkumAra kevalajJAnI hue the| chaThe gaNadhara maMDikaputra bhI brAhmaNa varNI the| inako maMDitaThe gaNadhara putra mauNDa athavA mAMDavya bhI kahate the / inakA mnnddikputr| gotra vaziSTa thA aura yaha mauryAkhya nAmaka dezameM janme the / inake pitA brAhmaNa dhanadeva aura mAtA vijayA thii| inakI Ayu 83 varSakI thI aura inhoMne bhagavAna mahAvIrake jIvanakAlameM hI mokSalAbha kiyA thaa| mauryaputra sAtaveM gaNadhara kAzyapa gotrI the| inakA janma sthAna HT bhI mauryAkhya dezameM thA aura inake pitAkA nAma mauryaputra / mauryaka thaa| jaina zAstra inako bhI brAhmaNa batalAte haiN| kintu inakI janmabhUmi, inake pitA aura inakA nAma 'mauryavAcI hai; jo kula pratyaya nAma pragaTa hotA hai| udhara mauryadezakI apekSA samrAT candraguptakA mauryakSatrI honA pragaTa hai / ataH saMbhava hai yaha maurya putra bhI kSatrI hoN| inakA kAzyapagotra bhI, isI bAtakA dyotaka hai; kyoMki uparAnta ke jaina lekhakoMne mauryoko sUryavaMzI likhA hai; jisameM kAzyapagotra milatA hai| jo ho, mauryaputra gaNadhara eka pratiSThita puruSa the / unakI mAyu 95 varSakI thI aura unakA nirvANa bhagavAnakI jIvanAvasthAmeM huA thaa| 1-Aka0 mA0 1 pR. 189 / 28-vRjaiza0 pR. 7 / 3-vRjeza pr0|4-ksstriiklains0 205 / 5-rAi0 bhA0 1 pR. 60|-jaish9 pR. / '

Page #150
zrI vIra saMgha aura anya raajaa| [129 akampita AThaveM gaNadhara the; jinheM akampana bhI kahate haiN| amita pAThaveM yaha gautamagotrI brAhmaNa the| mithilApurI nivAsI gaNadhara the| vipradeva inake pitA the aura jayantI inakI mAtA thii| inakI Ayu 78 varSakI thI aura yaha bhagavAnake gamanake pahale hI nirvANa kara gaye the| kinhIM logoM kA anumAna hai ki rAjA ceTakake putra akampana hI, yaha gaNadhara the| naveM gaNadhara acalavRna the| yaha dhavala aura acalabhrAta nAmase HT bhI paricita haiM / yaha bhI brAhmaNa the aura hritaaaclvRtt| panagotrake ratna the / inakA janma kauzalApurImeM basu nAmaka brAhmaNake ghara usakI nandA nAmaka strIke udarase huA thaa| inakI mAyu 72 varSakI thii| jisa prakAra indrabhUti gautama aura sudharmAsvAmIke atirikta avazeSa gaNadhara vIraprabhRke jIvanakAlameM hI mukta hogaye the; vaise hI yaha bhI vIraprabhRke samakSa mokSa pAgae the| yaha akampana gaNagharake sAtha2 chapaupaccIpa ziSyoM ke nAyaka the| dazaveM maitreya aura antimaprabhAsa kaunDinyagotrake brAhmaNa the| maitreya aura prabhAsa maitreyako metArya athavA medArya bhI kahate the| ___ gaNadhara / yaha vatsadezamai tuMgikAvya grAmake nivAsI datta aura usakI bhAryA karuNAke suputra the| prabhAsa rAjagRhake nivAsI brAhmaNa balake gRhameM usakI strI madrAkI kokhase janme the| yaha donoM hI gaNadhara eka saMyukta gaNake nAyaka the aura inakI Ayu 1-vRmeza. pR0 7 / 2-jepra0 pR0 227 / 3-vRjeza* pR0 7 // 4-peza. pR. 7 // .

Page #151
130 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | kramazaH sATha aura cAlIsa varSakI thI / inakI bhI bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANalAbha se pahile hI mukti hogaI thI / bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke ina pramukha sAdhu ziSyoMke atirikta aura bhI aneka vidvAn aura tejasvI munipuMgava vAriSeNa muni / the; jinake pavitra cAritra se jaina zAstra alaMkRta haiM / inameM samrAT zreNika ke putra vAriSeNa vizeSa prakhyAta haiM / vAriSeNanI yuvAvasthA se hI udAsInavRtti ke the / zrAvaka dazAmeM vaha niyamitarUpase aSTamI va caturdazIke parvadinoMko upavAsa kiyA karate the aura rAtri ke samaya nya- pratimAyoga meM smazAna Adi ekAnta sthAnameM dhyAna kiyA karate the / isI taraha eka roja Apa dhyAnalIna the ki eka cora curAyA huA DAra inake pairoMmeM DAlakara bhAga gayA / pIchA karate huye kotavAlane inako giraphtAra kara liyA / rAjA zreNikane bhI putramohakI paravA na karake unako prANadaNDakA hukma sunA diyA; kintu apane puNyapratApase vaha baca gaye aura saMsAra se vairAgyavAn hokara jhaTa digambara muni hogaye / vaha khUba tapazcaraNa karate the aura yatratatra vihAra karate huye apane upadeza dvArA logoM ko dharmameM dRr3ha karate the / isa sthitikaraNa dharma pAlana karanekI apekSA hI inakI prasiddhi vizeSa hai| ekadA yaha palAzakUTa nagara meM pahuMce / vahAM inake upadeza se zreNika ke maMtrI kA putra puSpaDAla muni hogayA / puSpaDAla muni to hogayA; kintu usake hRdaya meM apanI patnIkA prema banA rhaa| kahate haiM, eka roja nimitta pAkara vaha usako dekhaneke liye cala par3A thA; kintu vAriSeNa munine use dharmameM punaH sthira kara diyA thA / puSpaDAlane prAyazcitapUrvaka ghora tapazcaraNa kiyA

Page #152
zrI vIra-saMgha aura anya raanaa| [131 mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm aura vaha mukta ho gyaa| muni vAriSeNakA pavitra jIvana dharmase zithila hote huye manuSyoM ko punaH unake pUrvapada aura dharmapara le mAneke liye AdarzarUpa hai / zreNika mahArAnakA eka anya putra meghakumAra bhI jaina muni hogayA thA / * bauddha zAstroMmeM bhI katipaya jaina muniyoM kA ullekha AyA hai; anya prasiddha kintu unakA patA mainapsAhitya meM prAyaH nahIM milatA jaina muni| hai / auDagraMtha 'majjhimanikAya' meM eka cUlatakalo. dAyo nAmaka jena muniko paMca vratoM kA pratipAdana karate huye likhA hai| usI granthameM anyatra nigraMtha zramaNa dIvatapassI (dIrvatapasvI) kA ullekha hai| inhoMne ma0 gautamabuddhase tIna danDoM ( manadaNDa, vacanadaNDa aura kAyadaNDa ) para vArtAlApa kiyA thaa| isase inakA eka prabhAvazAlI muni honA prakaTa hai / suNakkhatta nAmaka eka licchavirAjaputra bhI prasiddha jaina muni the| pahale yaha bauddha the; kintu unase sambandha tyAgakara yaha naina muni hogaye the / saMbhavataH jaina munike kaThina jIvanase bhayabhIta hokara vaha phira ma * buddha ke pAsa pahuMca gaye the; vintu ma0 buddhake nikaTa unakI manastuSTa nahIM huI thI; isaliye unane phira pATikaputra nAmaka jaina munike nikaTa jaina dIkSA le lI thii| zrAvastIke kula putra (Councillor's Son) arjuna bhI eka samaya jaina muni the aura abhayarAjakumArakA jaina muni honA, jana *-bhama0 pR0 124-126 / 1-mani0 bhA0 2 pR. 35-36 / 2-ni0 bhA0 1 pR. 371-38 / 3-aMjI0 pR0 35 / 4-mamabu.

Page #153
132 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / zAstroMse bhI prakaTa hai / kintu ina donoM muniyoMke sambandhameM kahA gayA hai ki vaha bauddha hogaye the, so ThIka nahIM hai / yaha jaina mAnyatA ke viruddha hai| sacamuca bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA prabhAva ma0 buddha aura unake ziSyoMpara veDhaba par3A thaa| yahAMtaka ki vaha jaina muniyoMkI dekhAdekhI apanI pratiSThA ke rahane lage the; kyoMki usa samaya namratA ( digambara bheSa ) kI mAnyatA vizeSa thI / liye namra bhI vIrasaMghakA dUsarA aMga sAdhviyoM athavA AryikAoMkA thA / candanA Adi digambara jaina zAstroMmeM inakI saMkhyA chattIsahajAra AryikAyeM / batAI gaI hai / yaha viduSI mahilAyeM kevala eka sapheda sAr3Iko grahaNa kiye garmI aura jAr3ekI ghora parISada sahana karatI huI apanA AtmakalyANa karatIM thIM aura logoMko sanmArgapara lagAtI thIM / vaha bhI muniyoM ke samAna hI kaThina vrata, saMyama aura AtmasamAdhikA abhyAsa karatIM thIM / sAMsArika pralobhana unake liye tuccha the| unake saMsargase ve alaga rahatI thIM / ina AryikAoMmeM sarvapramukha rAjA ceTakakI putrI rAjakumArI caMdanA thI; jisakA paricaya pahile likhA jAcukA hai / candanAkI mAmI yazasvatI AryikA bhI vizeSa prakhyAt thii| caMdanAkI bahina jyeSThAne inhIMse jina dIkSA grahaNa kI thI / ina AryikAoMkA tyAgamaI jIvana pUrNa pavitratAkA Adarza thaa| ve bar3I jJAnavAna aura zAstroMkI 1 - iMsejai0 pR0 36 / 2 - iMai0 bhA0 9 pR0 162 / 3-bhama0 pR0 120 va hari0 10 579 meM 24000 batAI haiM / upu0 pR0 616 meM 36000 haiM /

Page #154
zrI vIra-saMgha aura anya raajaa| [133 paMDitA thiiN| bauddhazAstroMmeM bhI kaI jaina sAdhvIyoMkA ullekha milatA hai| unake varNanase patA calatA hai ki usa samaya yaha jaina sAdhvIyAM dezameM cAroM ora vihAra karake dharmapracAra karatI thI aura logoMmeM jJAnakA prakAza phailAtI thiiN| rAjagRhake rAjakoThArIkI putrI bhdr| kundalakesAkA jIvana isa vyAkhyAnakA sAkSI hai / vaha apane gRhastha jIvanase nirAza hokara mAryikA hogaI thii| usane kezaloMca kiyA aura eka sAdar3I grahaNa karalI thI phira vaha cahuMora vihAra karane lagI thii| bar3e loga usake upadezase prabhAvita hote the aura vaha bar3e2 dharmAcAryose vAda bhI karatI thii| zrAvastImeM usane prasiddha bauddhAcArya sArIputtase vAda kiyA thA / ataH usa samaya bhAratIya mahilAsamAnakI mahatvazAlI dazAkA sahana hI anumAna lagAyA jAsaktA hai / bhAratIya mahilA oMko yaha gaurava bhagavAna mahAvIrake divyasaMdezase prApta huA thA; nisako sunakara loga striyoMko heya dRSTise dekhanA bhUla gaye the / bhagavAnane vyaktivizeSa athavA jAtivizeSako AdarakA pAtra nahIM batAyA thaa| unhoMne guNavAnako hI pUjanIya ThaharAyA thaa| phira cAhe vaha strI ho athavA puruSa ! jainadharma meM pratyeka mAtmAko eka samAna kahA gayA hai| mahAvIrajIkA yaha vyakti svAtaMtryavAlA saMdeza usa samaya khuba hI janakalyANakA kAraNa humA thaa| vIrasaMghameM jitanA darnA eka munikA mAnA jAtA thA, mAryikAkA bhI upacAse utanA hI thaa| vaha bhI 'mahAvitI' kahI gaI hai| vaise mAryikAyeM pAMcaveM guNasthAnavartI hI hotI haiN| 1-bhamabu0 pR. 259-261 / 2-aSTapAhu pR. 73 /

Page #155
234] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / bhagavAna mahAvIrake saMghakA tIsarA aMga udAsInavratI zrAvavratI zrAvaka aura koMse alaMkRta thA / inakI saMkhyA digambara zrAvikA saMgha / jaina zAstroMmeM eka lAkha batAI gaI hai aura yaha zveta vastra dhAraNa karate the| ina zrAvakoMmeM mukhya sAMkhastaka the| inake viSayameM kucha vizeSa vivaraNa prApta nahIM hai / vaizAla ke senApati siMha bhI unameM prakhyAt haiN| vaha saMbhavataH samrAT ceTakake putra the / unako jainadharmameM dRr3ha zraddhAna thaa| muniyoMko AhAradAna va unakI vinaya vaha khUba kiyA karate the| (bhamabu0 pra0 231) saMghake antima aMgameM tInalAkha zrAvikAyeM thii| yaha bhI vratI aura udAsIna thiiN| inameM mukhya mulsA aura revatI thiiN| bauddhazAstroMmeM naMdottarA nAmaka eka jaina zrAvikAkA ullekha hai| jisase yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina saMghameM jo zrAvikA thIM, vaha avratI gRhastha zrAvikAoMke atirikta udAsIna gRhatyAgI brahmacAriNI thiiN| jaina saMghameM striyoMke liye mAryikA aura udAsIna zrAvikAke darne niyukta the; jinameM sarvocca bhAyikA pada thA, yaha bhI bauddhazAstroMse siddha hai| uparokta udAsIna zrAvikA nandottarAkA janma kauravoMke rAjya meM sthita kammAsadamma grAmake eka brAhmaNa kulameM humA thaa| usane jainasaMghameM rahakara zikSA grahaNa kI thI aura mantataH vaha unhIMke. saMghameM sammilita hogaI thii| vaha apanI vAdazaktike liye prakhyAt thI aura sarvatra saMghasahita vihAra karake vAda karatI thii| bauddhAcArya mahAmaudgalAyanase bhI usane zAstrArtha kiyA thaa| isI prakAra aura 1-mama0 pR0 120 / 2-hari0 pR0 579 / 3-bhamabu0 pR. / 259-261 / 4-mamabu0 pR. 250 /

Page #156
zrI vIra-saMgha aura anya raajaa| [135] bhI viduSI zrAvikAyeM jainadharmakA prabhAva digantavyApI banAtI aura prANImAtrake hitakAryameM saMlagna rahatI thiiN| ___ ina vratI zrAvaka aura zrAvikAoMke atirikta bhagavAna mahAbhagavAna mahAvIrake vIraka aura bhI aneka bhakta the, jinameM anya bhaktajana deva bar3e bar3e rAjA aura seTha-sAhUkAra evaM deva aura rAjA aadi| devendra sammilita the| samrAT zreNika kSAyika samyagdRSTi the; kintu ve vratI zrAvaka nahIM the| yahI kAraNa hai ki unakI gaNanA zrAvakasaMghake pramukharUpameM nahIM kI gaI hai| jainadharmameM zraddhA rakhate huye aura usakI prabhAvanAke kArya karanevAle aneka rAnA the| kuNika ajAtazatruke rAjyakAlameM isI kAraNa jaina dharmakA vizeSa vikAza huA thA / videhadezastha videhanagarakA rAnA gopendra jainadharma prabhAvaka thaa| aise hI pallavadezakA rAjA dhanapati, nisakI rAjadhAnI candrAbhA nagarI thI; dakSiNakI kSemapurIkA rAjA narapatideva, madhyadezameM sthita hemAbhAnagarIkA rAjA dRr3hamitra, veNupadmanagarakA rAnA vasupAla aura haMsaDIpakA rAjA ratnacUla jainadharmake utkarSakA sadA hI dhyAna rakhate the| kaliGgadezake dantapurake rAjA dharmaghoSa the aura antameM vaha digambara jaina muni hogaye the| maNivatadezameM dArAnagarake rAnA maNimAlI bhI jaina muni hokara dharmakA jayaghoSa karate huye vicare the| zvetapurake rAjA amalakalpa himAlayake uttarameM sthita eTaca. 1-preca. pR. 127 / 2-kairiha pR0 163 / 3-upu0 pR. 693 / 4-pra. pR. 212-223 / 5-zreca. pR. 233-235 / 6-preca. pR. 240-154 /

Page #157
saMkSipta jaina itihaas| mpAke zAlamahAzAla, hastizIrSake madinazatru; RSabhapurake dhanabAha; cIrapurake vIra kRSNamitra; vijayapurake rAjA vAsavadatta; kanakapurake priyacaMdra; sAketapurake mitranaMdi; aura mahApurake bala rAnA bhagavAna mahAvIrake mitra the| podanapurake prasannacaMdra bhagavAna mahAvIrake samozaraNameM dIkSA le rAjarSi huye the', moriyagaNa rAjyake prakhyAt puruSa jainadharmake poSaka the / bhagavAnake do gaNadhara isI dezake the / inake atirikta aneka videzI rAjA bhI bhagavAnake bhakta the jinakA ullekha vidyAdhararUpameM huA hai| jisa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA samozaraNa sammedazikhirapara birAjamAna tha ; usa samaya bhUtilakanagarakA vidyAdhara rAnA hiraNyavarmA bhagavAnakI zaraNameM AyA thaa| isake pitA haribalane vipulamati nAmaka cAraNa munise digambarIya dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| isI prakAra anya kitane hI videzI logoMne jainadharmame vizvAsa rakhakara AtmakalyANa kiyA thA / rAjAoMke atirikta bahutase zrAvaka dhanasampadAmeM bharapura avatI gRhastha zrAvaka prakhyAta seTha the| inameM ujjainIke dhanyaaura zrAvikAyeM vIra kumAra seThakA ullekha pahile kiyA jAcukA prabhUke ananya hai| unake viziSTaguNoMko dekhakara zreNika bhakta the| mahArAjane unheM apanA jamAI banAyA thaa| isI taraha rAjagRhake seTha zAlibhadra the jinhoMne videzoMse vyApAra karake khUba dhana saMcaya kiyA thA aura khUba dharmaprabhAvanA kI thii| usa samaya videhadeza apane vyApArake liye prasiddha thaa| vahAMke 1-eine0 pR0 650 / 2-gumApari0 pR0 40 / 3-upu0 pR. 273 / 4-upu. pR. 272 /

Page #158
zrI vIra saMgha aura anya raajaa| [137 supratiSThanagarameM rAjA jayasenakA rAjya thA aura kuveradatta prakhyAt maina seTha thA / isakI patnI dhanamitrA suzIlA aura viduSI thii| supatiSTha nagarameM isane khUba caitya-caityAlaya banavAye the / sAgarasena munirAjake mukhase yaha jAnakara ki unake eka caramazarIrI putra hogA, vaha bar3e prasanna huye the / unane putra kA nAma prItaMkara rakkhA thaa| prItaMkarako unane sAgarasena munirAnake supurda zikSA pAneke liye kSullakarUpameM kara diyA thaa| munirAna usako dhAnyapurake nikaTa avasthita zikhimRghara parvataparake jaina muniyoMke mAzramameM legaye the aura vahAM daza varSameM use samasta zAstroMkA paMDita banA diyA thaa| prItakara apane ghara vApasa bhAyA aura avasara pAkara apane bhAI sahita samudrayAtrA dvArA dhana kamAne gayA thaa| bhUtilaka nagarakI vidyAdhara rAjakumArIkI isane rakSA kI thI aura antameM usake sAtha isakA vivAha huA thaa| bahuta dinoMtaka sukha bhogakara prItaMkarane apane putra priyaMkarako dhana saMpadA supurda kI thI aura vaha rAmagRhameM bhagavAna mahAvIranIke samIpa jaina muni hogayA thaa| usa samaya bhAratake baMdaragAhoMmeM bhRgukaccha (bhaDauMca) khUba prakhyAta thA / dUra dUra dezose yahAM nahAna mAyA aura jAyA karate the| taba yahAMpara vasupAla nAmaka rAnA rAjya karatA thA aura minadatta nAmaka eka prasiddha jaina seTha rahatA thaa| yaha premadharma kA paramabhakta thaa| isakI strI minadattAse isake nIlI nAmaka eka sundara kanyA thii| vahaki eka bauddha seMThane chakase nIlIka sAtha vivAha kara liyA thaa| isa kAraNa pitA aura putrIko pani 1-u0 pu0 pR0 720-035 / 2-3hiMda0 pR. 22 /

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138 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / sika duHkha huA thA / sArAMzataH usa samaya bhArata evaM videzoMmeM bhagavAna mahAvIrake bhakta ananya rAnA aura zreSThIputra vidyamAna the; jinake dvArA jainadharmakI prabhAvanA vizeSa hotI thii| jaina saMghameM zrAvaka aura zrAvikAoM ko bhI phira cAhe ve vratI hoM yA avatI, jo mukhya sthAna milA huA thA; usIke kAraNa jainadharmako nIMva bhAratameM dRr3ha rahI aura ghoratama atyAcAroMke sahate huye bhI vaha sajIva hai| =PEAFAT tatkAlIna sabhyatA aura pristhiti| (I0 pU0 600-700) koI bhI deza ho, yadi usake kisI vizeSa kAlakI sabhyatA bhAratakI tatkAlIna rAja. aura sthitikA jJAna prApta karanA abhISTa naitika avsthaa| ho, to prAkRta usa dezakI usa samayakI rAjanaitika, sAmAjika aura dhArmika paristhitiko jAna lenA Avazyaka hotA hai| jahAM usa dezakI ina saba dazAoMkA sajIva citra hamAre netroMke agAr3I khiMca gayA; phira aisI kaunasI bAta bAkI rahI kahI jAsaktI hai; jisase tatkAlIna paristhitikA paricaya prApta na ho ? bhAratakI dazA bhagavAnake samaya kyA thI ? usakI samyatA usa samaya kisa avasthA para thI ? ina praznoM kA yathArtha uttara pAneke liye zreSTha aura nirApada mArga yahI hai ki -jaismA0 pR0 21 /

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tatkAlIna sabhyatA aura paristhiti / usa samaya ke bhAratakI rAjanaitika sAmAjika aura dhArmika paristhitikA paryayalocana kara liyA jaave| basa bhAratakI taba jo dazA thI vaha spaSTa ho jAyagI aura usake sAtha jainadharma aura jaina samAjakA jo svarUpa usa samaya thA, vaha bhI prakaTa ho jAyagA / ataH rAjanaitika viSaya meM to uparokta varNanase paryApta prakAza par3a cukA hai / usa samayakA bhArata rAjanaitika rUpameM Ajase kahIM adhika svAdhIna aura balavAna thA / usakI rASTrIya dazA vizeSa unnatazIla aura samRddhizAlI thI / usa samaya yahAM eka samUcA rAjya nahIM thA / bhArata choTe2 rAjyoM meM vibhakta thA; jinakI saMkhyA solaha thI / inameM koI to paramparINa sattAdhikArI rAjAoMke adhikAra meM the aura kinhIMkA zAsana prajAtaMtra praNAlIke DhaMgapara hotA thA / prajAtaMtra praNAlI aisI utkRSTa dazA meM thI ki Ajake unnata - zIla prajAtaMtra rAjyoMke liye vaha eka acchA khAsA Adarza hai / isa prakAra usa samayakI rAjanaitika sthiti thI / zreNika mahArAja mahAmaMDalezvara arthAta eka hajAra rAjAoMke svAmI the' 1 [ 139 usa samayakI sAmA jisa dezakI rAjanaitika sthiti sucAru aura samRddhizAlI ho, usakA samAja avazya hI unnatazIla jika dazA / vyavasthA meM hotA hai / aihika sukha sampanna dazA meM vyakti svAtaMtrya AtmahitakI bAtoMkI ora logoMkA dhyAna svataH jAtA hai / usa samayakA bhAratIya samAja brAhmaNa, kSatrI, vaizya aura zUdra varNoMmeM vibhakta thA / cANDAla Adi bhI the / bhagavAna 1-0 pR0 339 /

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140 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | mahAvIrajIke janma honeke pahile hI brAhmaNa varNakI pradhAnatA thI / usane zeSa varNoMke saba hI adhikAra hathiyA liye the / apaneko pujavAnA aura apanA arthasAdhana karanA usakA mukhya dhyeya thA / yahI kAraNa thA ki usa samaya brAhmaNoMke atirikta kisIko bhI dharmakArya aura vedapATha karanekI AjJA nahIM thI / brAhmaNetara varNoMke loga nIce samajhe jAte the / zUdra aura striyoM ko manuSya hI nahIM samajhA jAtA thA / kintu isa dazAse loga Uba cale- unheM manu1 pyoMmeM pArasparika UMca nIcakA bheda akhara uThA / bhagavAna pArzvanAthakA dharmopadeza huA aura usase janatA acchI taraha samajha gaI ki manuSya manuSya meM prAkRta koI bheda nahIM hai / pratyeka manuSyako Atma- svAtaMtrya prApta hai / kitane hI mata prarvataka inhIM bAtoMkA pracAra karaneke liye agAr3I Agaye hai| jainI loga : isa Andolana meM agrasara the / udhara itanemeM hI sAdhuoM kI bAta jAne dIjiye, zrAvaka taka logoM meM se jAtimUr3hatA athavA jAti yA kulamadako dUra karaneke sAdhu prayatna karate the | rAstA caLate eka zrAvakakA samAgama eka brAhmaNase hogayA / brAhmaNa apane jAtimadameM matta the; kintu zrAvaka ke yuktipUrNa vacanoMse unakA yaha nazA kAphUra hogayA / vaha jAna gaye ki "manuSyake zarIrameM varNa AkRtike bheda dekhane meM nahIM Ate haiM, jisase varNabheda ho; kyoMki brAhmaNa AdikA zUdrAdike sAtha bhI garbhAdhAna dekhane meM AtA hai| jaise gau, ghor3e AdikI jAtikA bheda pazuoMmeM hai, aisA -jAtimeda manuSyoM meM nahIM hai; kyoMki yadi mAkaribheda hotA to 1-mama0 pR0 47-56 / 2 - bhamabu0 pR0 15-1

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tatkAlIna sabhyatA aura paristhiti / [ 141 aisA bheda honA saMbhava thA / " ataH manuSyajAti eka hai / usameM jAti athavA kulakA abhimAna karanA vRthA hai / eka ucca varNI brAhmaNa bhI gomAMsa khAne aura vezyAgamana karane mAdise patita ho saktA hai aura eka nIca gotrakA manuSya apane acche AcaraNa dvArA brAhmaNake guNoM ko pAsaktA hai / 4 bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke divyasaMdeza meM manuSyamAtra ke liye vyakti svAtaMtryakA mUla maMtra garbhita thA / bhagavAnane pratyeka manuSyakA AcaraNa hI usake nIca athavA uMcapanekA mUla kAraNa mAnA thaa| unane spaSTa kahA ki saMtAnakramase cale Aye huye jIvake AcaraNakI gotra saMjJA hai / jisakA UMcA AcaraNa hai usakA ucca gotra hai aura jisakA nIca AcaraNa ho, usakA nIca gotra hai / zUdra ho yA strI ho athavA cAhe jo ho guNakA pAtra hai, vahI pujanIya hai / deha yA kulakI vaMdanA nahIM hotI aura na jAtiyuktako hI mAnyatA prApta hai / guNahInako kauna pUje aura pAne ? bhramaNa bhI guNoMse hotA hai aura zrAvaka bhI guNoMse hotA hai| mahAvIrajIke isa saMdeza se 1 - upu0 parva 74 zlo0 491-495 / 2-AdipurANa parva 38 zloka 45 / 3-upu0 pa 74 ilo0 490 / 4- amitagati zrAvakAcAra zlo0 30 pari0 17 va bhA0 pR0 49 / - gomahasAra / 5- saMtANa kameNAgaya jIvayaraNassa godamidi saNgA / uccaM nIMcaM caraNaM uccaM nIcaM have godaM // 6- " zizutvaM yaM vA yadastu tattiSThatu tadA / guNAH pUjAsthAnaM guNiSu na ca liGgaM na ca vayaH // 7- vi deho maMdira Na vi ya kulo Na vi ya jAisaMjuto / ko vaMdami guNahoNo Na hu sravaNo Neya sAbao hoi // 27 // - darzanapAhU /

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149) saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / janatAkI manamAnI mugada pUrI huI aura vaha apane jAti athavA "kulamadako bhUla gaI thI ! taba bhAratameM vizvapremakI puNyadhArAkA aTUTa pravAha huA / . taba jAti yA kalakI janatA guNoMkI upAsaka bana gii| brAhmaNa. mAnyatA na hokara kSatriya athavA vaizyatvakA use abhimAna guNoMkA Adara hI zeSa na rahA ! saba hI guNoMko pAkara hotA thaa| zreSTa banane kI koziza karate the / dhanyakumAra seThako dekhiye; unake guNoM kA Adara karake samrATa zreNikane apanI putrIkA vivAha unase kara diyA thA aura unheM rAjya dekara apane samAna rAjyAdhikArI banA diyA thaa| yahI bAta inase pahale huye seTha bhaviSyadattake viSayameM ghaTita huI thii| vaha vaizyaputra hokara bhI rAjyAdhikArI huye the / hastinAgapurake rAjasiMhAsanapara mArUr3ha hokara unhoMne prajAkA pAlana samucita rItise kiyA thA / seTha prItiMkarako kSatrI rAjA jayasenane AdhA rAjya dekara rAjA banAyA thaa| sArAMzataH svataMtra anveSaNake AdhArase vidvAnoMko yahI kahanA par3A hai ki " usa samaya Uparake tIna varNa (bAhmaNa, kSatrI, vaizya) to vAstavameM mUlameM eka hI the; kyoMki rAnA, saradAra aura viprAdi tIsare vaizya varNake hI sadasya the jinhoMne apaneko ucca sAmAjika padapara sthApita kara liyA thaa| vastutaH aise parivartana honA jarA kaThina the, parantu aise parivartanoMkA honA saMbhava thaa| garIba manuSya rAjA-saradAra (Nobles) bana sakte the aura phira donoM hI brAhmaNa 1-dhanyakumAra caritra dekho / 2-maviSyadattacarit / 3-upu0 parva 76 zlo0 346-348 /

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tatkAlIna sabhyatA aura paristhiti / 1 [ 143 dosate the / aise parivartanoMke aneka udAharaNa granthoM meM milate haiM / isake atirikta brAhmaNoMke kriyAkAMDayukta evaM sarva prakAra kI sAmAjika paristhitike puruSa striyoMke paraspara sambandha ke bhI udAharaNa milate haiM aura yaha udAharaNa kevala ucca varNake hI puruSa aura nIca kanyAoMke sambandhake nahIM haiM, balki nIca puruSa aura ucca striyoMke bhI haiM / "" sacamuca usa samaya vivAhakSetra ani vizAla thaa| cAroM vivAha kSetrakI varNoMke strI-puruSa mAnanda paraspara vivAha sambandha vizAlatA / karate the| itanA hI kyoM, mleccha aura vezyAoM Adise bhI vivAha hote the / rAjA zreNikane brAhmaNI se vivAha kiyA thA; jisake udarase mokSagAmI abhayakumAra nAmaka putra janmA thAre / vaizyaputra nIvaMdharakumArane, kSatriya vidyAdhara garur3avegakI kanyA gandharvadattAko svayaMvara meM vINA bajAkara parAsta kiyA aura vivAhA thaiau / svayaMvaramaMDapameM kulIna akulInakA bhedabhAva nahIM thA | videha dezake dharaNItilakA nagarake rAjA govindakI kanyAke svayaMvara meM Upara ke tIna vargoMvAle puruSa Aye the / " jIvaMdharakumArake yaha mAmA the / jIvanbarane caMdraka yaMtrako vevakara apane mAmAkI kanyAke sAtha pANigrahaNa kiyA thA / palatradezake rAjAkI kanyAkA sarpaviSa dUra 1- bui0 pR0 55-592 pu0 parva 75 zlo0 29 / 3 - upu* parva 75 zlo0 320-325 / 4- kanyA vRNIte rucitaM svayaMvaragatAM paraM / kulInamakulInaM vA kramo nAsti svayaMtrare // hari0 jinadAsakRta | 5- kSatracUDAmaNikAvya laMba 10 lo0 23-24 /

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144] saMzima. jaina itihaas.| karake use bhI jIvaMdharane vyAhA thaa| vaNikaputra prItakArakA vivAha rAjA jayasenakI putrIke sAtha huA thaa| vivAha sambandha karanemeM jisa prakAra varNabhedakA dhyAna nahIM rakkhA jAtA thA, vaise hI dharmavirodha bhI usameM bAdhaka nahIM thA / vasumitra zreSThI jaina the; kintu unakI patnI dhanazrI anaina thii| sAketakA migAraseThI jaina thA; kintu usake putra puNyavarddhanakA vivAha bauddha dharmAnuyAyI seTha dhanaM. jayakI putrI vizAkhAse huA thA / samrAT zreNikake pitA upazreNikane apanA vivAha eka bhIlakanyAse kiyA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANoparAnta nandarAjA mahAnaMdina jaina the / inakI rAniyoMmeM eka zUdrA bhI thI, jisase mahApadmakA janma huA thaa| campAke zreSTI pAlita the| inane eka videzI kanyAse vivAha kiyA thaa| prItaMkara seTha jaba videzameM dhanopArjanake liye gaye the, to vahAMse eka rAjakanyAko le Aye the; jisake sAtha unakA vivAha huA thaa| isa kAlake pahalese hI pratiSThita jaina puruSa jaise cArudatta athavA nAgakumArake vivAha vezyA-putriyoMse huye the / sArAMzataH usa samaya vivAha sambandha karane ke liye koI bandhana nahIM thA / suzIla aura guNavAn kanyAke sAtha usake upayukta vara vivAha kara saktA thaa| svayaMvarakI prathAke anusAra vivAhako uttama samajhA jAtA thA / 1-kSAcU0 laMba 5 zlo0 42-49|2-upu0 parva 76 zlo0 346348 / 3-Aka0 bhA0 3 pR0 113 / 4-bhamabu0 pR. 252 / .5-Aka* bhA0 3 0 33 / 6-cIra varSa 5 pR0 388 / 7-usU0 21 / -upu0 pR0 033)

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tatkAlIna sabhyatA aura pristhiti| [145 mahilAoM kA Adara aura pratiSThA bhI usa samaya kAphI thaa| mahilAoM kI mahimA puruSa striyoMko apano maGgino samajhate __ aura pratiSThA / the aura unake sAtha bar3e saujanya aura premapUrvaka vyavahAra karate the / paradekA rivAja taba nahIM thaa| striyAM bAhara nikalatIM aura zAstrArtha taka karatI thIM / rAjA siddhArtha jisa samaya rAjadarabArameM the, usa samaya rAnI trizalA vahAM pahuMcI thiiN| rAmAne bar3e mAnase unako apane pApa rAjasiMhAsana para baiThAyA thaa| aura anya rAjakAryako sthagita karake unake bhAgamanakA kAraNa jAnanA cAhA thaa| puruSa striyoMse ucita parAmarza aura maMtraNA bhI karate the| jambRkumAra jisa samaya jaina dIkSA dhAraNa karaneko udyata huye the, usa samaya unakI navavivAhitA striyoMne khUba hI yuktipUrNa zabdoM dvArA unheM gharameM rahakara viSayabhoga bhogane ke liye utsAhita kiyA thaa| jambUkumArane bhI unake parAmarzako bar3e gaurase sunA thA aura unako sarvathA saMtuSTa karake vaha yogI huye the| unake sAtha unakI patniyAM bhI sAdhvI hogaI thiiN| sacamuca usa samaya striyoM ko bhI dharmAgadhana karane kI pUrNa svataMtratA thii| gRhastha dazAmeM ve bhagavAnakA pUjana arcana aura dAna athavA sAmayika Adi dharma kArya karatI thiiN| sAdhu saMgatikA lAbha uThAtI thiiN| mathugake mahadAsa seThane apanI striyoM sahita rAtri jAgaraNa karake bhagavAnakA pUjana-manana kiyA thaa| striyoM kI aura unakI mo jJAnacarcA usa samaya huI thI, usako sunakara mathurAke rAnA evaM camana cora bhI pratibura hogaye the| sacamuca usa samayakI khiyAM 1-30 pu. pR. 605-606 / 2-10 pu. pR. ..2-704 / 1-to. 1. 5-10 /

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / bar3I hI jJAnavatI aura viduSI hotI thiiN| vaha zRGgAra karanA aura sundara vastra pahenanA jAnatI thI; kintu zRGgAra karanemeM ho tanmaya nahIM rahatI thiiN| vaha bAhya sundaratAke sAtha apane hRdayako bhI acche 2 guNoMpe sundara banAtI thiiN| vaha kanyAyeM yogya adhyApikAoM athavA, sAdhvIyoMke samIpa rahakara samucita jJAna prApta karatI thIM aura pratyeka viSayameM niSNAta bananekI ceSTA karatI thIM / usa samayakI eka vezyA bho bahattarakalA, causaTha guga aura aThAraha dezo bhASAoM meM pArAGgata hotI thii| ( vidhAka sutra 1-3)* saMgIta vidyAkA bahuta pracAra thaa| jIvaMdharakumArane navavedattA Adi kumArikAoMko vINA bajAnemeM parAsta karake vivAha kiyA thaa| suramaM narI aura guNamAlA nAmaka vaizya putriyAM paidya vidyAkI jAnakAra tho| jIvaMdharakI mAtA mayUgyaMtra nAmaka vAyuyAnameM ur3anA sIkhatI thIM / brAhmaga kanyA naMdazrIne rAnA zreNikakI caturAIkI khAsI parIkSA lI thI / usa samaya par3ha likhakara acchI taraha hoziyAra ho jAnepara kanyAoM ke vivAha yuvAvasthAmeM hote the / jabataka kanyAyeM yuvA nahIM ho letI thIM, tabataka unakA vAgdAna honAnepara bhI vivAha nahIM hotA thaa| kanakalatAko usake nirdiSTa patise isI kAraNa alaga rahane kI AjJA huI thI / bahudhA kanyAyeM varakI parIkSA karake, use yogya pAnepara apanA vivAha upake mAtha kara letI thiiN| yuvAvasthA meM vivAha honese unakI saMtAna bhI balavAna aura dayanIvI hotI thii| yahI ___x Iai. mA. 20 pR. 26 / 1-kSatracUDAmaNi kAvya va bhama. pR. 127-134 / 2-3* pu0 pR. 617 / 3-u0 pu0 pR. 642 /

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tatkAlIna sabhyatA aura pristhiti| [147 kAraNa hai ki taba vidhavAoM kA vilApa prAyaH nahIM ke barAbara sunaneko milatA thA / vidhavA huI striyAM, phira adhika samaya taka gRhasthI meM nahIM rahatI thI / ve sAdhvI honAtIM thIM athavA udAsIna zrAvikAke rUpa meM apanA jIvana bitAtI thiiN| unakA citta mAmArika bhogopabhogakI ora AkRSTa nahIM hotA thaa| hAM, yadi bhAgyavazAtu koI kumArI kanyA athavA vidhavA sanmArgase vicalita ho * jAtI thI to usake sAtha vRNAkA vyavahAra nahIM kiyA jAtA thaa| unheM maba hI dharmakArya karanekI mvAdhInatA rahatI thii| caMpAnagarakI kanakalatAkA anucita mambaMdha eka yuvAse ho gayA thA / isapara yadyapi ve la jana huye the; parantu unake dharmakA. yoM meM bAdhA nahIM AI thii| ve pati-patnIvat rahate huye, munidAna aura devapUnana karate the / imI taraha jyeSThA AryikAke bhRSTa hone para. use prAyazcita aura punaH dIkSA dekara zuddha kara liyA gayA thaa| mahilAyeM vipatti meM par3ane para bar3e mAhasase apane zokadharmakI rakSA karatI thIM aura mamAna bhI isI taraha pIr3ita huI kanyAkA anAdara nahIM karatI thii| caMdanAkA udAharaNa spaSTa hai| mAgaMzataH bhagavAna mahAvIranIke samayameM mahilAoM kA jIvana vizeSa AdarapUrNa aura svAdhIna thaa| nima deza athavA samAnakI striyAM viduSI aura jJAnavAna isa samayake vora aura hotI haiM, vahAMkA puruSa va svabhAvataH parAkamI puruss| vidyApaTa aura vicakSaNa buddhivAlA hotA hai| 1-30 pu. pR. 643 / 2-bhAka0 mA* 2 pR. 56 / 3-3. pu* pR. 617 /

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148] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / bhagavAna mahAvIrake samayamai bhAratake puruSa aise hI kalA kuzala aura vidvAna the / vaha loga bAlakako, jahAM vaha pAMca varSakA humA, vidyAdhyayana karane meM juTA dete the; kintu usa samayakI paThana pAThana praNAlI jase bilkula nirAlI thii| taba kisI eka nirNIta DhAMce ke par3he-likhe loga vidyAlayoMse nahIM nikAle jAtethe aura na mAnakalakI taraha 'skUla' athavA 'kAleja' hI the / usa samayake vidvAn RSi hI bAlakoM kI zikSA dIkSAkA bhAra apane Upara lete the| sarva zAstroM aura kalAoMmeM nipuNa ina RSiyoMke AzramameM jAkara vidyArthI yuvAvasthAtaka zAstra aura zastravidyAmeM niSNAta ho vApisa apane ghara Ate the| takSazilA aura nAlaMdAke vidyA Azrama prasiddha the| jaina muniyoMke Azrama bhI dezabharameM phaile hue the| videhameM dhAnya purake samIpa zikhara bhUdhara parvataparake jaina AzramameM prItaMkara kumAra vidyAdhyayana karane gaye the| magadha dezameM RSi giripara bhI jaina muniyoM kI tapobhUmi thii| __ aise hI aneka sthAnoMpara mAzramoMmeM upAdhyAya guru bAlakabAlikAoMko samucita zikSA diyA karate the / vidyArthI pUrNa brahmacaryase rahate the; jisake kAraNa unakA zarIra gaThana bhI khUba acchI vAha hotA thaa| vidyAdhyayana kara cukanepara yuvAvasthAmeM yogya kanyAke sAtha vivAha hotA thaa| kintu vivAhake pahile hI yuvaka arthopAjanake kArya meM lagA diye jAte the / isake sAtha yaha bhI thA ki kaI yuvaka AtmakalyANa aura paropakArake bhAvase gRhasthAzramameM Ate hI 1-jepra0 pR. 231 |2-upu0 pR. 720-735 / 3-mani. bhA. 1 pR. 92-93|4-apr0 pR0 226-227 /

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tatkAlIna sabhyatA aura pristhiti| [149 na the / ve sAdhu hokara kalyANake kAryameM laga jAte the / saba loga apane 2 varNake uparyukta sAdhanoM dvArA hI AnIvikopArjana karate the| kintu aimA karate huye ve sacAI aura ImAnadArIko nahIM chor3ate the / lAkhoM karor3oM rupayoM kA vyApAra dura2ke dezoMse binA likhA par3hIke hotA thaa| videha vyApArakA kendra thaa| banArasa, ganagRha, tAmRlipti, vidizA, ujnainI, takSazilA Adi nagara vyApAgake liye prasiddha the| rohakanagara, surapAraka ( sopArA bambaIke pAma) bhRgukaccha (bhar3oMca) mAdi nagara usa samayake prasiddha bandaragAha the| ina bandaragAha taka vyApArI loga apanA mAla aura sAmAna gAr3iyoM meM aura ghor3oMpara lAte the aura phira nahAjoM meM bharakara use videzoMmeM lenAte the / seTha zAlibhadra aura prItiMkara AdikI kathAbhoMmeM isakA acchA varNana milatA hai| usa samayake bhAratIya vyApArI laMkA, cIna, jAvA, bebIloniyA, mizra Adi dezoMmeM vyApArake liye jAyA karate the aura khUba dhana kamAkara lauTate the| unake ninI jahAna the aura ve maNi evaM maMtrakA bhI prayoga karanA jAnate the| saMtAnako acche saMskAroMse saMskRta karane kA rivAja bhI cAlU thaa| garIba aura mamIra sAMpArika kAryo ko karate huye bhagavadbhanana aura jApa sAmAyika karanA nahIM mUlate the| rAnA neTa yuddhasthalameM minendra pratimAke samakSa pUnA karate the| kiMtu pratoM ko pAlate huye bhI loga iSTakA 1-mayA* pR. 16-46 / 2-hi. pR. 212 va jagaeme0 1927 pR.11|1.pri0 bhA0 pR. -46 4.ikkiA0 mA. 1 pR. 693-696 pa bhA0 2 pR. 30-42. 5-pra. pR0 230 / pra. pR. 228 / 7-jepa* pR. 228 /

Page #171
15.] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / nigraha karanese nahIM cUkate the / rAjAoMkA to yaha kartavya hI thA; kiMtu vaNika loga bhI zastravidyAmeM nipuNa hote the aura vakta par3anepara usase kAma lenA jAnate the| prItikarane bhImadeva nAmaka vidyAdharako parAsta karake rAjakanyAkI rakSA kI thii| sacamuca usa samayake puruSa puruSArthI the aura unake zilpa kArya bhI anUThe hote the| sAta2 maMnilake makAna banate the aura unakI kArIgarI dekhate hI banatI thii| soneke stha aura ambAriyAM darzanIya the| unake ghor3e aura hAthiyoMkI senA jisa samaya sajadhajake nikalatI thI, to devendrakA dala phIkA par3A najara par3atA thaa| usa samayake catya aura mUrtiyAM adbhuta hotI thIM / unake ekAdha namune Aja bhI dekhaneko milate haiM / loga bar3e puruSArthI, dAnI aura dharmAtmA the / sArAMzataH usa samayakI sAmAjika sthiti Ajase kahIM jyAdA acchI aura udAra thii| usa udAra sAmAjika sthitimeM rahate huye, bhAratIya apanI dhArmika pravRttimeM bhI utkRSTatAko pAcuke the| dhArmika sthiti / / jisa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA janma bhI nahIM thA, usake pahilese hI yahAM vaidika kriyAkANDakI bAhulyatA thii| dharmake nAmapara nirmuka aura niraparAdha jIvoMkI hatyA karake yajJa-vediyAM raktaraMjita kI jAtI thiiN| kalpita svargasukhake lAlacameM itara samAna brAhmaNoMke hAthakI kaThaputalI bana rahA thaa| unheM na bolanekI svAdhInatA thI aura na jJAna lAbha karanekI khulI mAjI ! 1-jaipra0 pR. 229 / 2-mama* pR0 58 / 3-upu0 pR. 750 / 4-mama0 pR. 52-56 /

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tatkAlIna sabhyatA aura paristhiti / [ 151 kiMtu yaha 'pomDama' adhika dinoMtaka nahIM cala sakA, yaha hama dekha cuke haiM aura jAnate haiN| bhagavAna pArzvanAthajI ke sadupadeza se mAnavoM ko jJAna netra mila gaye the| anekoM mata pravartaka hara kisI jAtimeMse agAr3I Akara vinA kisI bheda bhAvake pracalita dhArmika kriyAkANDake vizeSa meM apanA jhaMDA phaharAte vicara rahe the / zAsaka samudAya ina logoMko Azraya dene meM saMkoca nahIM karatA thI / phira isI samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhakA janma huA / logoMke bhAgya khula gaye / Atma- svAtaMtryakA yuga pravarta gayA / donoM mahApuruSoMne vaidika karmakANDakI asAratA aura usakA ghora hiMsaka aura bhayAvaha rUpa prakaTa kara diyA / * jaina granthoM meM kaI sthaloM para aise ullekha milate haiM, jinameM jainoMne logoMke hRdayoM para yajJameM honevAlI hiMsAkA krUra pariNAma aMkita karake unheM ahiMsAmArgI banA diyA thA | sAtha hI usa samaya vRkSoM kI pUjA aura gaMgA nadiyoM meM snAna athavA jAti aura kulako dharmakA kAraNa mAnanA puNyakarma samajhe jAte the| jaina zikSakoMne bar3I saraLa rIti se inakA bhI nirAkaraNa kara diyA thI; jisakA prabhAva janatA para kAphI par3A thaa| vaha bar3I hI sugamatA se apanI mUla samajha sakI thii| isa sabakA pariNAma yaha huA ki mahiMsA kI dundubhi cahuora banane lagI aura mahAvIra svAmIke jayaghoSake ninAdase AkAza gUMja gayA / 1- mama0 pR0 14-17 / 2 - praca0 pR0 335-336 va us* -25 ( Pt. II. pp. 139 - 140 ) 3 - zreca0 pR0 332-330 va upu0 pR0 624-626 /

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152] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / jainadharma jaisA Aja mila rahA hai, upakA ThIka vaisA hI rUpa taba aura abakA usa samaya thA, yaha mAna lenA jarA kaThina hai; ___jainadharma ! kyoMki jaba isI jamAneke kisI mataprarvatakake siddhAnta ThIka vaise nahIM rahate, jaise vaha batAtA hai; taba yaha kaise saMbhava hai ki DhAI hajAra varSa pahile pratipAdita humA dharma mAna jyoM kA tyoM mila sake ! kintu itanI bAta niHsandeha satya hai ki jainadharmake dArzanika aura saiddhAMtika rUpameM bilkula hI nahIM, kucha antara par3A hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jainadharma eka vaijJAnika dharma hai / vijJAna satya hai / vaha naimA hai vaisA hamezA rahatA hai| isI liye jainadharma kA dArzanika rUpa Aja bhI Thoka vaisA hI milatA hai, jaisA use bhagavAna mahAvIrane batalAyA thaa| isakA samarthana bauddha granthoMse hotA hai; jahAM jainoMke prAcIna dArzanika siddhAMta ThIka vaise pratipAdita huye haiM, jaise mAna milate haiN| aura isaprakAra yaha kahA jAtaktA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake mUla dharmasiddhAMta mAja bhI avikRtarUpameM mila rahe haiM-sirpha antara yadi hai to unake dvArA batAye hue karmakAMDa athavA cAritra sambaMdhI niyamoMmeM hai / ataH usa samayake dhArmika kriyAkAMDapara eka najara DAla lenA ucita hai| pahele hI munidharmako le liijiye| isa samaya yaha matabheda samayakA hai ki jaina munikA bheSa mUlameM nagna thA athavA munidhrm| vastramaya bhI thA; kiMtu bauddhazAstroM ke AdhArase yaha pragaTa kiyA jAcukA hai ki jaina muni nagna bheSameM rahate the aura unakI kriyAyeM prAyaH vaisI hI thI jaisI ki mAma digambara jaina 1-mamabu pR0 117-270 / usa

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tatkAlIna sabhyatA aura pristhiti| [153 muniyoM kI milatI haiN| vaha dAtArake ghara jAkara jo zuddha mAhAra vidhipUrvaka milatA thA, usako grahaNa kara lete the| yaha bAta nahIM thI ki vaha bhikSA mAMgakara upAzrayameM le Akara use bhakSaNa karate hoN| bhAjIvika sAdhu aisA karate the| isI kAraNa zvetAMbaroMne unapara mAkSepa kiyA hai| eka bAta aura hai ki usa samaya munidharma pAlana karane kA dvAra pratyeka vyaktike liye khulA huA thaa| cora, DAkU, vyabhicArI, patita ityAdi puruSa bhI muni hokara mAtmakalyANa kara sake the| aMjanacorakI kathA prasiddha hai-vaha muni huA thaa| mUradatta DAkU muni hokara muktadhAmakA vAsI huA thaa| sAtyaki vyabhicAra kara cukane para punaH dIkSita ho muni hogaye the| vyabhicArajAta rudra muni gyAraha aMgakA pAThI vidvAn sAdhu the| / aise hI udAharaNa aura bhI ginAye jAtakte haiM, kiMtu yahI paryApta haiN| ima udAratAke mAtha2 usa samaya jaina muniyoM meM yaha vizeSatA aura thI ki vaha aSTamI aura caturdazI ityAdi parvake dinoM meM bAnArake caurAhoM para khar3e hokara mainadharmakA pracAra karate the aura mumukSuoMkI zAoMkA samAdhAna karake unako jainadharma meM dIkSita karate the| isa kriyA dvArA unake anekoM ziSya hote the / ina nava dIkSita jainoMke yahAM baha mAhAra lene meM bhI saMkoca nahIM karate the| bhaktAmaracarita kAvya 21 kI kathAse yaha spaSTa hai| usa samayake muni kar3e 1-bhamabu* pR. 54-65 ||2-auppaatik sUtra 120 / 3-bhAka. mA0 1 pR. 74 / 4.bhA. mA0 1 10 155 / 5-bhAka. bhA. 2 pR. 1.0-1.0|-mdhu 10 24.p.vivssttik| 7-japa, * pR. 24. /

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154 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / vidvAn aura sarvathA araNyameM rahakara jJAna dhyAnameM lIna rahate the / isa prakAra usa samayakA munidharma thA / muniyoMkI taraha AryikAoMkI bhI usa samaya bAhulyatA thI; usa samayako Arthi. yaha AryikAyeM bhI jainadharma pracAra meM bar3I kAoMkA dharma / sahAyaka thIM / garIba aura amIra - sarAya aura mahala sabameM inakI pahuMca thI / banArasake rAjA jitArikI rAjakanyA muNDikAko vRSabhazrI AryikAne zrAvikA banAyA thI / rAjagRhake koThArI kI putrI bhadrAkundalakezAne apanA vivAha vipra putra satthuka ke sAtha kiyA thA; jise DakaitI ke liye rAjadaMDa mila cukA thA / satthUka bhadrAse itanA prema nahIM karatA thA jitanA ki vaha usake gahanoM ko cAhatA thA, bhadrA usake isa vyavahArase bar3I dukhI huI / eka roja usane use ghokese eka gar3hemeM Dhakela diyA aura vaha bhayabhIta hokara jaina saMghameM Akara AryikA hogaI / eka hatyArI aura viSayalampaTa strI bhI saMbodhiko pAkara jaina sAdhvI ho gii| usake mArga meM koI bAghA nahIM aaii| isase bhagavAna mahAvIra ke AryAsaMghakA vizAlarUpa spaSTa hai / jisa samaya yaha bhadrA jainasaMghameM pahuMcI to usa samaya isase pUchA gayA thA ki vaha kisa kakSAkI dIkSA grahaNa karanA cAhatI hai ? uttara meM usane sarvotkRSTa prakAra arthAt Arthike vrata lenA svIkAra kiye the / isapara usane kezakoMca karake jaina AryikAkA bheSa dhAraNa kiyA thA / vaha eka vastra dhAraNa kiye rahatI thI / maile-kucaile rahane kA use kucha dhyAna na 1 thaa| isake viparIta udAsIna vratI zrAvikA vAloMko muNDAye rahatIM * 1 - sakau 0 0 90 / 2-mamabu pR0 259-260 /

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zrI vIra saMgha aura anya gajA / [ 155 tatkAlIna zrAvakAcAra / * thIM, pRthvIpara motIM thIM aura mUryAsta honeke pazcat bhojanapAna nahIM karatIM thIM / isa tarahakA Arthidha dharma usa jamAne kA thA / bhagavAna mahAvIrajI ke samayakA zrAvakAcAra unnata aura vizAla thA / usameM pAkhaNDa aura mithyAtvako sthAna prApta nahIM thA / zrAvaka aura zrAvikA niyamita rUpase devapUjana, guru upAsanA aura dAna karma kiyA karate the / ve niyamase madya mAMpAdikA tyAga karake mUla guNoMko dhAraNa karate the| vrata aura upavAsoMmeM dattacitta rahate the / aSTamI aura caturdazoko munivat nagna hokara pratimAyoga dhAraNa karake smazAna Adi ekAMta sthAnameM AtmadhyAnakA abhyAsa kiyA karate the / * kiMtu tyAgI hote huye bhI AraMbhI hiMmAse vilaga nahIM rahate the / ve kRSi kArya bhI karate the|" tathA pa bar3e catura aura jJAnavAna hote the / anekoMse zAstrArtha karaneke liye taiyAra rahate the | Ajakala ke zrAvakoM kI taraha gharmake viSaya meM paramukhApekSI nahIM rahate the / usa samaya mudrA va dupaTTA rakhakara zrAvaka loga zAstrArtha karanekA Ama caileMja dete the| kAMpilya ke kunda koliya janane mudrA aura dupaTTA rakhakara zAstrArtha kiyA thI / jaina stUpoM I AdikI khudAI honepara aisI mudrAyeM nikalI haiN| zrAvikAyeM bhI ina zAstra meM bhAga letI thiiN| isa kriyA dvArA dharmakA bahupracAra hotA thA aura zrAvakoM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI thI / jIvaMdhara kumArane eka 4 9 1-mamabu0 pR0 258-260 / 2-jaipra0 pR0 234 / 3-jepra0 pR. 232 / 4-bhamavu0 pR0 206 - 207 / 5-jaipra0 pR0 6-us0 vyA0 6 / 7- dijai0 bhA0 21 aMka 1-2 8-mamabu0 pR0 258 / Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat > 234 pR0 40 / www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / anena tapasvIko jainadharmakA upadeza dekara jainI banAyA thaa| isI taraha unhoMne eka anya garIba zUda varNake manuSyako janadharmakA zraddhAnI banAkara use apane AbhUSaNa Adi diye the| gRhastha dharmakA pAlana karane kA adhikAra pratyeka prANIko thaa| zrAvaka loga navadIkSita jainIke sAtha premamaI vyavahAra karake vAtsa. tyadharmakI pUrti karate the| usake sAtha jAtIya vyavahAra sthApita karate the| jinadatta seThane bauddhadharmI samudradatta seThake jaina honAnepara usake sAtha apanI kanyA nIlI kA vivAha kiyA thaa| khAnapAnameM zuddhikA dhyAna rakhA jAtA thA; kintu yaha bAta na thI ki kisI itara varNI puruSake yahA~ke zuddha bhojanako grahaNa kAnese kisIkA dharma calA jAtA ho ! rAnA upazreNikane bhIla kanyAse zuddha bhojana banavAkara grahaNa kiyA thaa| (Aka0 mA0 2 40 33 ) jaina maMdiroMkA dvAra pratyeka manuSyake liye khulA rahatA thaa| campAke buddhadAsa aura buddhasiMha nana maMdirake darzana karane gaye the aura aMtameM vaha jainI hogaye the| pazu taka bhagavAnakA pUjana kara sakte the / kumArI kanyAko patnIvata grahaNa karake usake sAtha rahanevAle puruSake yahAM munirAnane AhAra liyA thaa| Ajakala aise vyaktiyoMko 'dastA' kahakara dharmArAdhana karanese roka diyA jAtA hai| kiMtu usa samaya 'dassA' zabdakA nAmataka nahIM sunAI par3atA thaa| kisI bhI vyaktike dharmakAryoM meM bAdhA DAlanA usa samaya adharmakA kArya samajhA jAtA thaa| aura na usa samaya agni pUnA, tarpaNa mAdiko dharmakA aMga 1-kSanacUDAmaNi lamba 6 ko, 7-8 va lamna 7 zlo0.23-3: / 2-Aka0 bhA0 2 pR028|3-sii0 pR0.105| 4-upu0 pR. 642 /

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bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANakAla / [157. mAnA jAtA thaa| sAmAnyataH usa samayake dharmakA yaha vizAlarUpa hai| isa prakAra usa samayake bhAratakI paristhiti thI aura vaha Anase kahIM jyAdA sughara aura acchI thii| pratyeka prANI svAdhIna aura parAkramI thaa| rUr3hiyoM kI gulAmI, dhArmikatAkA aMdhavizvAsa athavA rupaye paimekI cAkarI usa samaya logoMmeM chU nahIM gaI thii| saba prasanna aura AnandamaI jIvana vitAte the| inakA ullekha hI uma samaya nahIM milatA hai / hAM, eka bAta kA bahuta ullekha milatA hai| vaha yaha ki vairAgya honepara mumukSu puruSoMko na rAjyakA lAlaca, na strI putroM kA moha aura na dhana-saMpadAkA lobha sAdhu honese roka saktA thaa| yaha to eka niyama thA ki aMtima jIvana meM prAyaH saba hI vicAravAna gRhastha mAdhu hokara AtmajJAna aura nanakalyANake kArya karate the; kiMtu aise bhI udAharaNa milate haiM jinameM vairAgyako pAkara vyakti bharI javAnI meM muni hogae the / * bhagavAna mhaaviirkaanirvaannkaal| bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke nirvANakI divya ghaTanAko mAnase karIba nikAlI DhAIhanAra varSa pahale arthAta IsvI san 127 asmbddhtaa| varSa pahale ghaTita humA mAnA jAtA hai / jenoMmeM mAmakala nirvANAbda isI gaNanAke anusAra pracalita hai| kintu usakI gaNanAme antara hai; jisakI bhora mi0 kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla, pro. kobI aura paM0 bihArIlAlanI noMkA dhyAna . * jaipra. pR. 23 / / 1-javibhoso, mA0 1 1099 / 2-vIra 1 / 3-vRjeshpR.8|

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158] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / AkarSita kara cuke haiN| mahAvIra svAmI ke nirvANa jaipI prAcIna ghaTanAkA Thaka patA na rakhanA pacamuca janoM ke liye eka bar3I lajAkI bAta hai / aura Ana isa purAnI bAta kA bilakula Thoka patA lagA lene kA vAyadA karanA dhRSTatA mAtra hai / itanepara bhI upalabdha pramANoMse jipta nirApada mantavyapara hama pahuMceMge use pragaTa karanA anu. cita nahIM hai| durbhAgyavaza Anase karIba Der3ha hajAra varSa pahale bhI vIra nirvANAndake viSayameM vibhinna mata the / lagabhaga tIsarI zatAvdike graMtha 'triloka prajJapti' kI nimnagAthAoMse ve isaprakAra pragaTa haiM:'vIrajiNaM siddhigade causadaigisahi vAsa primaanne|| kolaMmi adikkate uppaNNo ettha sagarAo // 86 // ahavA vIre siddha sahassaNavakami sagasayabhahiye / paNatIdimi yatIde paNamAle sagaNio jAdA // 87 // ||paatthaant // caudasa sahassa sagasaya teNaudI vAsa kAla vicchede / voresarasiddhIdo uppaNNA sagaNio ahavA // 88 // // pAThAntaraM // NivvANe vIrajiNe chavyAsasadesu paMcavarisesu / paNamAsesu gadekheM saMjAdo sagaNio ahavA // 86 // artha- "vIra bhagavAnake mokSake bAda jaba 461 varSa vIta gaye taba yahAMpara zaka nAmakA rAnA utpanna huA / athavA bhagavAnake mukta honeke bAda 9785 varSa 5 mahIne vItanepara zaka rAjA huaa| (yaha pAThAntara hai ) athavA vIrezvarake siddha honeke 14793 varSa bAda zaka rAnA huA ( yaha pAThAntara hai ) athavAvIra bhagavAnake nirvANake 605 varSa aura 5 mahIne bAda zaharAnA huaa|" .(naihi , mA0 13 40 33)

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bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvaannkaal| / 159 IzvI sankI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM meM hI nirvANasthiti vIra nirvANa samvata viSayake isa prakAra vibhinna matoM ko dekha. pahalese pracalita hai kara kinhIM logoMkI dhAraNA honAtI hai aura vibhinna mt| ki pahale nirvANa vda pracalita nahIM thA / vaha bAdameM kinhIM logoM dvArA calA diyA gayA hai| kiMtu isa kalpanAmeM kucha bhI tathya nahIM hai| kyoMki vIra nivANAvda 84 kA eka zilAlekha bAralI grAmase milA hai jo ajamerake anAyaba gharameM maujUda hai / hatabhAgyase yaha zilAlekha TUTA huA adhUrA hai / isa kAraNa usake AdhArapara 'narvANAbdakA patA nahIM cala saktA hai / to bhI usameM mAdhyamikA nagarIkA ullekha, nimapara hinduoM adhikAra I. pUrva dumarI zatAbdi taka rahA thA, isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki isa samayake bahuta pahale jaba vahAMpara nainoM kA prAbalya thA taba yaha zilAlekha likhA gayA thaa| ataeva bhagavAna mahAvIrakI nirvANa tithi IsvI sanase hajAroM varSa pahale nahIM mAnI jAsakto / aisI mAnyatA zekhacillIkI kahAnIse kucha adhika mahatva nahIM rkhtii| aba rahI avazeSa moMkI bAta, mo unapara alaga 2 vivecana karanA ucita hai / Anala vIranirvANa tithike sambaMdha meM nimnalikhita mata milate haiM: (1) zakarAnAke utpanna honese 461 varSa pahale vIra bhagabAnakA nirvANa huaa| (2) zaka rAnAke honese 605 varSa 5 mahIne pahale vIra. prama mokSa ge| (3) IsvIsanse 468 varSa pahale vIranirvANa humaa|

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160 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / (4) vikramAbdase 550 varSa pahale mahAvIranI mokSa gye| (5) zakAbdase 741 varSa pahale vIra bhagavAnakA nirvANa huaa| (6) vikrama rAjAke janmase 470 varSa pahale mahAvIrasvAmI mukta huye| prathama matake anumAra vIra-nirvANako mAnanepara prazna hotA hai ki yaha zaka rAjA kauna thA? isa matakA pratipAdana 'trilokaprajJapti meM nimna gAthAoM dvArA huA hai: "NivvANagade vIre causadaigisahi vAsavicchede / jAdo ca sagaNariMdo rajjaM vassassa dusaya vAdAlA // 3 // dINi sadA paNavaNNA guttANaM caumuhassa vAdAle / bassaM hodi sahassaM keI evaM parUvati // 64 // " marthAt-'vIra nirvANake 461 varSa bItanepara zaka rAjA humA aura isa vaMzake rAjAoMne 242 varSa rAjya kiyaa| unake bAda guptavaMzake rAjAoMkA rAjya 255 varSataka rahA aura phira caturmukha (kalika) ne 42 varSa rAjya kiyaa| koI 2 loga isa taraha eka hajAra varSa batalAte haiN| ina gAthAoMke kathanase yaha spaSTa hai ki guptavaMzake pahale bhAratameM jisa zakavaMzakA adhikAra thA, prathama matapara vicaar| ' upameM hI yaha zaka rAjA huA thaa| aura usakA ullekha jaina granthoM meM khUba milatA hai, isaliye usakA samparka jainadharmase honA saMbhava hai / daMtakathAke anusAra zaka saMvat pravartaka rUpameM yaha rAjA jaina dharmamukta pragaTa hai| kiMtu Adhunika vidvAnoMkA isa zakarAnAko zaka saMvat pravartaka mAnanA kucha ThIka nahIM jNctaa| yadi unakI dvitIya matake anusAra 605 varSa 5 mAsa dhIranirvA

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bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvaannkaal| [16.. pake uparAnta humA mAneM to zAyada kisI aMzamai ThIka bhI ho; parantu unheM tabase 461 varSa pazcAta huA mAnakara zaka saMvat batalAnA pracalita zaka saMvatakI gaNanAse bAdhita hai| isa dazAmeM zaka-saMvat pravartakako hI jana granthoM kA zakarAnA mAna lenA jaga kaThina hai| isake sAtha hI zaka-saMvat pravataMkakA Thoka patA bhI nahIM calatA ! koI kaniTa dvArA isa saMvat kA prArambha huA batAte haiM, to anyoM kA mata hai ki nahapAna athavA caSTanane isa saMvatako calAyA thaa| kiMtu ye saba Adhu naka vidvAnoM ke mata haiM aura koI bhI nizcayAtmaka nahIM haiN|' isake pratikUla prAcIna mAnyatA yaha hai ki zaka saMvat zAlivAhana nAmaka rAnA dvArA zakoMpara vinaya pAnekI yAdada.tameM calAyA gayA thaa| isa prAcIna mAnyatAko TugharA denA ucita nahIM jaMcatA / rudradAmanake andhauvAle zilAlekhake AdhAra para zaka saMvatako calAnevAlA gautamo putra zAtI (zatavAhana yA sAlivAhana) pragaTa hotA hai / gautamI putrane apane viSaya meM spaSTa kahA hai ki usane zakoM, pallavoM aura yavanoM evaM kSamatavaMzako jar3a mUlase naSTa karake sAtavAhana vaMzakA punaruddhAra kiyA thA / kiMtu koI vidvAna ise san 120 ke lagabhaga huA batAte haiM aura isa samaya usakA nahapAnase yuddha karake vinayopalakSameM savat calAnA ThIka nahIM baiTasa'; kyoMki zaktavatu mana 78 I. se prA. mma hotA hai| isI kAraNa sAtabAhana vaMzake hAlanAmaka rAnAko isa saMvatakA pravartaka kahA jAtA hai| kiMtu aba uparokta mandhauvAle zilAlekhase nahapAna kA Rmaya 1-jamIyo0, bhA0 1. pR. 334 / 2-jamIso0, bhA. 17 pR. 335-336 /

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162] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / IsvI pUrva prathama zatAbdikA aMtima bhAga pramANita hotA hai / isa avasthAmeM gautamIputra zAtakavarNIkA samaya bhI san 120 ke bahuta pahale pragaTa hotA hai aura yaha ucita jaMcatA hai ki usane kSaharAta vaMzanoMko san 70-80 ke lagabhaga parAsta kiyA thA / ataH yaha samaya zaka saMvatke prArambhakAlase Thoka baiThatA hai aura zAlivAhana (gautamIputra zAtakarNI ) dvArA usakA calAyA jAnA tathyapUrNa pratIta hotA hai| isa dazAmeM jaina zAstroM meM jisa zaka rAnAkA ullekha hai vaha zaka saMvatakA pravartaka nahIM hosaktA kyoMki vaha zakavaMzakA rAjA thA ! pahaleke jaina zilAlekhoM aura rAjA valIkathe ' se bhI isa bAta kA samarthana hotA hai| jaise ki harmA agAr3I dekheNge| to aba dekhanA cAhiye ki jaina zAstroM kA zaka rAnA kauna nahapAna ho zakarAjA thA ? noMke anusAra usakA vIra nirvaahai| ataH dUsarA mata Nase 461 yA 605 varSa bAda honA, mAnya nahIM hai| usake vaMzakA 242 varSa taka rAjya karanA aura unake bAda guptavaMzo rAnAoMkA adhikArI honA pragaTa hai| bhAratIya itihAsameM guptavaMzake pahale kSatrapavaMzI rAjAoM kA rAjya prakhyAta thA / yaha zaka jAtike videzI loga the| taba inameM kSahagata zAkhAke rAjA prabaka the; jisakI sthApanAkA mukhya ya nahapAnako prApta hai| nahapAna ke bAda san 388 I. taka isa vaMzameM paI sanA hue the / antama guptavaMzI rAnA samudraguptane inheM jIta liyA thaa| isaprakAra inakA rAjyakAla lagabhaga DhAImau varSAtaka 1-jamIyo0, bhA0 18 pR. 6:-71 /

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bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANakAla / [163 prakaTa hai|' ina bAtoM kA sAdRzya jainoMke uparokta ullekhase hai| sAtha hI Anakala no nahapAnakA aMtima samaya I0 pUrva 82 se 124 I. taka mAnA jAtA hai vaha bhI nainoM kI prAcIna mAnyatAse ThIka baiThatA hai; kyoMki unake anupAra vIra nirvAgase 461 se 605 varSa bAda taka zaka rAnA huA thA / aba yadi vIra nirvANa I. pUrva 545 meM mAnA jAya, jisakA mAnanA Thoka hogA, jaise hama agADI pragaTa kareMge, to ukta samaya I0 pUrva 84 se I. 60 taka pahuMcatA hai / cU~ ke yaha samaya zaka rAnAke utpanna hone kA hai / isaliye isakA sAmaJjasya nahapAnake uparokta aMtima mamayase karIba2 ThIka baiThatA hai| isake sAtha hI nahapAnakA jaina sambaMdha bhI pragaTa hai / jaina zAstroMmeM nahapAna kA ullekha naravAhana, narasena, nahavANa aura nabhovAraNa rUpameM huA milatA hai| 'trilokaprajJapti' meM usakA ullekha naravAhana rUrameM huA hai| eka paTTAvalI meM unheM 'nahavANa' ke nAmase ullikhita kiyA hai| isa nAmameM nahapAnase prAyaH nAma mAtrakA antara hai| isI kAraNa zrIyut kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla aura paM. nAthagamanI premIne naravAhanako nahapAna hI pragaTa kiyA hai| 1-bhAprAga0, bhA0 10 12-13 / 2-jAha, bhA0 13 10 533-yahAMcara zAyada yaha Apatti ho sakatI hai ki yadi trilokaprajJapti ke kartAko zarAjA nAmase nahapAnakA unhakha karanA thA, to unheM 9394 gAthAomeM zarAja.ke sthAnapara nAvAhana nAma likhanA ucita thA ! isake uttarameM hama yahI kaheMge ki 'tri0pra0' ke racanA kAla ke samaya isa bAtakA patA lagAnA kaTina thA ki nahapAna aura zakarAjA eka hI the| vizeSake liye dekho vIra varSa 6 / 3-ai0. bhA0 11 pR. 251 / 4-jaisA ., bhA0 1 0 4 pR. 21115-hi. maa.13.534||

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164] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| ___ udhara vibudha zrIdharakI kathAse naravAhana rAnAkA jaina sambaMdha pragaTa hai; jisake anusAra digambara jaina siddhAMta granthoMke uddhAraka muni bhUtabali nAmaka bhAcArya vahI hue the| nahapAnakA eka viruda 'bhaTTAraka' thA aura yaha zabda jainoMmeM rUr3ha hai / tathApi nahapAnake uttarAdhikAriyoMmeM kSatrapa rudrasiMhakA jainadharmAnuyAyI honA pragaTa hai| mataeva naravAhanakA nahapAna honA aura unheM jainadharmAnuyAyI mAnanA ucita pratIta hotA hai / isa avasthA meM pUrvokta pahale do matoMke anusAra vIra nirvANa zakAbdase 461 varSa athavA 605 varSa 5 mApta pUrva mAnanA ThIka pramANita nahIM hotA; kyoMki jaina zAstroMkA zakarAnA zaka saMvatakA pravartaka nahIM thA, vaha nahapAna thaa| tIptarA mata pro0 naoNla cArapenTiyarakA hai; jisakA sthApana nirvANakAla I. . unhoMne 'inDiyana enTIkverI' bhA0 43 468 nahIM hosktaa| meM kiyA hai| unake matase vIra-nirvANa I0 pU0 468meM huA thaa| unane apane isa matako puSTi meM pahale hI digambara aura zvetAmbaroMke usa matake nirApada hone meM zaGkA kI hai, jisake anusAra san 527 I. pUrva vIranirvANa mAnA jAtA hai| kintu isameM jo vaha digambaroMke anusAra vikramase 605 varSa pUrva vIranirvANa batalAte haiM, vaha galata hai| kisI bhI prAcIna digambaragraMthameM vikramase 605 varSa pahale vIra nirvANa honA nahIM 1-siddhAMtasArAdi saMgraha, pR. 316-318 / 2-rAi0, pR0 103 / 3-iMai0, bhA0 20 pR0 363 / 4-trilokasAra gA0 850-trilokasArake TIkAkAra evaM unake bAdake logoMko zakarAjAse matalaba vikramAdityase bhramavaza thaa| asala meM vaha nahapAnakA dyotaka hai|

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bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANakAla / [165 likhA hai; balika vikramake janmase 470 varSa pahale mahAvIrakA mokSagamana batAyA gayA hai / zAyada pro0 sA0 ko yaha bhrama, uparAntake katipaya jaina lekhakoM ke anurUpa, 'trilokaptAra'kI 850vIM gAthAkI nimna TIkAse hogayA hai, jisameM zaka rAnAko 'vikramAGka' kahA hai / " zrI vIranAtha nivRte sakAzAta paMcottaraSaTzatavarSANi paMcamAsayutena gatvA pazcAt vikramAGkazakarAno jAyate / " yahAMpara vikramAGka zaka rAnAkA vizeSaNa hai| vaha vikramAditya rAnAkA khAsa nAmamucaka nahIM hai / isa kAraNa trilokapArake matAnusAra vikramase 605 varSa 5 mAsa pahale vIra nirvANa nahIM mAnA jAsaktA aura vaha zakAvdase bhI itane pahale huA nahIM svIkAra kiyA nAsaktA; yaha pahale hI likhA jAcukA hai| zvetAmbaroMke grantha 'vicArazreNi'kI vikramase 470 varSapUrva vIra nirvANa huA pragaTa karanevAlI gAthAoMkA samarthana usase prAcIna graMtha 'trilokaprajJapti' se hotA hI hai aura upara vauddha saM0 I. pUrva 543 se prArambha humA khAravelake zilAlekhase pramANita hai| isaliye vaha I0 pU0477 meM nahIM mAnA jAsaktA / tathApi usake sAtha vIra nirvANa saMvat I0pU0 468 se mAnanA bhI bAdhita hai; kyoMki yaha bAta bauddhazAstroMse spaSTa hai ki ma. buddhake jIvanakAlameM hI ma. mahAvIrakA nirvANa hogayA thaa| ukta pro. sA. isa asambaddhatAko svayaM svIkAra karate haiM / mi. kAzIpasAda nAyasavAlane pro* sA ke isa mata kA nirasana macchI taraha kara diyA hai| mataeva isa matako mAnyatA dene meM bhI hama asamartha haiM ! 1-javioso0, bhA0 1 pR. 99-105 / 2-majjhima0 2 / 243 : * dIni0 bhA0 3 pR. 1 / 3-ai0, bhA0 49 pR. 43... /

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166] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / cauthA mata zrIyuta paM0 nAthUrAmajI premIkA hai aura usake vikramAGale 550 pUrva anusAra vikramAbdase 550 varSa pahale vIra bhI nirvANakAla prabhU mokSa gaye pragaTa hote haiN| isa matakA nahIM hoskto| AdhAra zrI devasenAcArya aura zrI amitagati AcAryakA ullekha hai, jinameM samayako nirdiSTa karate hue 'vikramanRpakI mRtyuse' aisA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / hosaktA hai ki ina AcAryoM ko vikramasaMvatako unakI mRtyuse calA mAnane meM koI galatI huI ho; kyoMki vikramakI mRtyuke bAda prajA dvArA isa saMvatukA calAyA jAnA kucha nIko nahIM lgtaa| 'trilokaprajJapti' Adi prAcIna granthoMmeM isa matakA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| yadi isa matako mAnyatA dIjAya to samrATa ajAtazatruke rAjyakAlameM bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANa huA pragaTa nahIM hotA aura yaha bAdhA pUrvokta tIna matoMke sambandhameM bhI hai| digambara aura zvetAmbara jaina anthoM evaM bauddhoMke zAstroMse yaha bilkula spaSTa hI hai ki mahAvIrajIke nirvANa samaya ajAtazatru rAjya thaa| usake rAjyake aMtima bhAgameM yaha ghaTanA ghaTita huI thii| ajAtazatrukA rAjyakAla san 552 se 518 I0 pU0 athavA san 154 se 627 I0 pU0 pragaTa hai| vikramAbdase 550 varSa pUrva bhagavAnakA mokSalAbha mAnanese vaha samrATa zreNikake rAjyakAlameM huA ghaTita hotA hai aura yaha pratyakSa bAdhita hai| ataH isa matako svIkAra kara lenA bhI kaThina hai| 1-darzanasAra pR0 36-37 / 2-jabioso0, bhA0 110 99-115 upu0 / 3-jabioso0, bhA0 1 pR. 99-115 va ahihaM0, pR. 34-38 /

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bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANakAla | [ 167 pAMcaveM mata ke anusAra zaka vdase 741 varSa pahale vIra bhagazakAbdase 741 varSa vAnakA nirvANa huA pragaTa hotA hai / usa pUrva bhI bhrAMtamaya hai / matakA pratipAdana dakSiNa bhAratake 18 vIM zatAbkei zilAlekhoM meM huA hai| jaise dIpanagur3I ke maMdivAle bar3e zilAlekha meM isakA ullekha yUM hai : " " varddhamAnamokSagata vde aSTatriMzadadhipaMcazatottara dvisahasraparigate zAlivAhanazakakAle saptanavatisaptazatottarasahasravarSa saMmite bhavanAma savatsare" isameM zAkA 1197 meM vIra saM0 2558 honA likhA hai / vartamAna pracalita saM0 se isameM 137 varSakA antara hai / isa antarakA kAraNa trilokasAra ke 890 veM naM0kI gAthAkI TIkA hai, jaise ki hama Upara batA cuke haiN| da kSaNa bhArata ke digambara jaina itihAsa grantha 'rAmA valIkathe' se bhI isakA samarthana hotA hai / usameM likhA hai ki 'mahAvIrajI mukta huye taba kaliyuga ke 2438 varSa bIte the aura vikramase 605 varSa pUrva vaha mukta huye the / uparokta TIkAke kathanase bhrama meM par3akara aisA ullekha kiyA gayA hai aura isa bhramAtmaka matako bhalA kaise svIkAra kiyA jAsaktA hai ? 2 aMtima mata hai ki vikrama janmase 470 varSa pahale mahAvIraantima mata svAmIkA nirvANa huA thaa| aura isa matake anumAnya hai / sAra hI Ajakala jainoMmeM vIranirvANa saMvata pracalita hai / yaha saMvat tAjA hI calA huA nahIM hai balki prAcIna sAhitvameM bhI isakA ullekha milatA hai| kintu isakI gaNanA meM pahale se 1 - mameprApresmA * 10 98-99 / 2 - jenamitra, varSa 5 aMka 11 * 10 11-12 / 3-DAkA likhe hueke guTake meM isakA ullekha hai /

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168 / saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | hI bhUla huI hai / usako dekhaneke liye yahAM para una pramANoMko upasthita karanA ucita hai, jinake AdhArase yaha gaNanA huI hai:(1) sattari cadusadajutto tiNakAlA vikamo havai jammA / aThavarasa... soDasavAsehi bhammie dese // 18 // naMdisaMgha paTTAvalI (jesibhA0, ki0 4 pR0 75) (2) satari caTusadajutto tiNakAle vikkama havai jammA / aThavarasa vAlalIlA, soDasavAsehi bhammaye deteA // rasapaNa vIsA rajjo kuNaMti miccheopadeza saMjuttoM / cAlIsa varasa jinavara dhamme pAleya surapayaM lahiyaM // // vikrama prabaMdha // (3) sarasvatI gacchakI paTTAvalIko bhUmikA spaSTarUpase vIra nirvANase 470 varSa bAda vikramakA janma honA likhA hai; yathA:" bahuri zrI vIrasvAmIkUM mukti gaye pocheM cyArasau sattara 470 varSa gaye pIcheM zrImanmahArAja vikrama rAjAkA janma bhayA / " (4) jaM raryANi kAlagao arihA titthaMkaro mahAvIrI | taM syaNi avaMti vaI abhisitto pAlayA rAyAM // sahI pAlaga ranna paNa paNNasaMyatu hoI naMdANaM / aTThasayaM muriyANaM tIsacia pustamittassa // valamitta bhAnumittA saTTI varisANi cattaM naravAhaNe | taha gaddabhilla ranta terasavarisA sagassa ca // - tIrthodvAra prakIrNa / (5) vasunaMdi zrAvakAcAra meM vikrama zakase 488 varSa pUrva mahAvIra nirvANa honA likhA hai / ( dekho jaina mitra, varSa 5 aMka 11011-12 ) /

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bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvaannkaal| [169 uparokta sabahI ullekhoMmeM prAyaH bhagavAna mahAvIrase 470 varSa bAda vikramarAnAkA janma honA likhA hai aura vartamAna vikrama saMvata unake rAjyakAlase calA humA milatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vasunaMdi zrAvakAcArameM vikramasaMvatase 488 varSapUrva vIranirvANa huA nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai kyoMki vikramake janmase rAjyAbhiSekako kAlAntara 18 varSakA mAnA jAtA hai / isa avasthAmeM pracalita vIranirvANa saMvatkA saMzodhana honA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| zAyada uparokta pramANoM meM naM0 4 para Apatti kI jAya, jisameM vIranirvANase 470 varSa bAda zakarAnAkA rAjyAnta honA likhA hai| kintu yaha bAta ThIka nahIM hai| yahAMpara zakarAnAse bhAva zakArirAnA vikramAdityase pragaTa hotA hai| DaoN. jaikobI bhI yahI bAta pragaTa karate haiN| yadi aimA na mAnA jAya aura zakarAnA bhAva zaka saMvat pravartakake liye jAya, to ukta gaNanAke anusAra caMdragupta mauryakA abhiSeka kAla I0 pUrva 177 varSa bhAtA hai aura yaha pratyakSa bASita hai / sAtha hI uparokta gAthAoMkA gaNanAkrama Apattijanaka hai, jaise hamane anyatra pragaTa kiyA hai| mAlUma hotA hai ki vikramase 470 varSa pUrva vIra nirvANa batalAne ke lie zvetAMbarAcAryoMne apane manonukUla ukta gAthAoMkA nirUpaNa kara diyA hai| isa dazAmeM yaha nahIM kahA jAsaktA ki unako vikramake janma rAjya athavA mRtyuse 470 varSa pUrva bIra nirvANa mAnya thaa| kintu bhavazeSa matoM ke samakSa vikramake janmase 470 varSa pUrva vIranirvANa humA mAnanA ThIka hai| 1-madanakoSa va bhAprAe / 2-jaisA saM0 / 3-vIra, varSa 6. /

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170 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | isa gaNanA ke anusAra arthAt vikramake janmase 170 varSa nirvANakAla I0 pU0 pUrva (145 I0 pU0) vIra nirvANa mAna545 meM thA / nese, usakA ajAtazatruke rAjya kAla meM hI honA ThIka baiThatA hai aura ma0 buddhakA taba jIvita honA bhI pragaTa hai | ataH yaha gaNanA tathyapUrNa pragaTa hotI hai / zAyada yahAMpara yaha Apatti kI jAya ki cUMki ajAtazatrukA rAjyakAlakA aMtima varSa I0 pUrva 527 hai aura ma0 buddhakI dehAMta tithikA zuddharUpa I0 pU0 482 vidvAnoMne pragaTa kiyA hai; isaliye vIra nirvANa koI I0 pUrva 527 varSameM huA mAnanA ThIka hai / kintu pahile to yaha Apatti uparokta zAstralekhoMse bAdhita hai / dUsare ajAtazatru vIra nirvANake kaI varSa uparAMta taka jIvita rahA thA, yaha bAta jaina evaM bauddha granthoMse pragaTa hai| isaliye unake aMtima rAjyavarSa I0 pUrva 527 meM vIra nirvANa honA ThIka nahIM jaMcatA / sAtha hI yadi ma0 buddhakI nighana tithi 480 varSa I0 pU0 thor3I dera ke liye mAna bhI lI jAya to bhagavAna mahAvIrake uparAMta itane lambe samaya taka unakA jIvita rahanA pragaTa nahIM hotA / anyatra hamane bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhakI aMtima tithiyoMmeM kevala do varSokA antara honA pramANita kiyA hai / DaoN0 hANale sA* isa antarako adhika se adhika pAMca varSa batAte haiM; parantu ma0buda aura bha0 mahAvIrake jIvana sambaMdha ko dekhate huye, yaha antara kucha adhika pratIta hotA hai / bha0 mahAvIrake jIvana meM kevalajJAna 3 , 1 - jayioso 0 bhA0 1 0 99-115 va upu0 / 2 - vIra, varSa 6 / 3 - AjIvika - irii0 /

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bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nivaNakAla / [171 prApta karane kI ghaTanA mukhya thI, ima hamArI gaNanAke anusAra usa samaya ma0 buddhakI avasthA 48 varSakI pragaTa hotI hai aura isakA samarthana usa kAraNase bhI hotA hai, jisakI bamhase ma0 buddhake 50 se 70 varSake madhyavartI jIvana ghaTanAoM kA ullekha hI nahIM barAbara milatA hai| bAta yaha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake sarvajJa hone aura dharmapracAra prArambha karane ke pahalese hI ma0 buddha apane madhyamArgakA pracAra karane lage the, jaise ki bauddha graMthoMse bhI pragaTa hai| ataeva do varSake bhItara 2 bhagavAna mahAvIrake vastu svarUpa upadezakA digantavyApI honA prAkRta sumaMgata hai / aura bhagavAna mahAvIrake prabhAvake samakSa unakA mahatva kSINa honAya to koI mAzcarya nahIM hai / yaha bAta hama pahale hI pragaTa kara cuke haiM aura isakA samarthana svayaM bauddha granthoMse hotA hai| ataeva uparokta gaNanA evaM bha0 mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhake paraspara jIvana sambandhakA dhyAna rakhate huye ma0 buddhakI nidhana-tithi I0 pUrva 482 yA 477 svIkAra nahIM kI mAsakI ! balki hamArI gaNanAse pragaTa yaha hai ki ma. mahAvIrase cha varSa pahale ma0 buddhakA janma humA thA aura unake nirvANase do varSa bAda ma* buddhakI jIvanalIlA samApta huI thii| vezaka bauddha zAstroM meM ma0 buddhako usa samayake mata-pravartakoM meM sarvalaghu likhA hai; kintu unakA yaha kathana nirvASa nahIM hai, kyoMki unhIM ke eka anya zAstroMmeM ma. buddha isa bAta kA koI spaSTa uttara dete nahIM 1-mani. mA. 1 pR0 225; ni0 mA0 11 pR. 66 va "vIra" varSa 6 / 2-mamabu. 10103-11. /

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172 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / milate ki ve sarvalaghu haiM !' isase yaha ThIka jaMcatA hai ki AyumeM bha0 mahAvIrase ma0 buddha avazya bar3e the; parantu eka matapravartakakI bhAMti vaha sarvalaghu the; kyoMki anya saba mata ma0 buddha se pahaleke the ! isaprakAra bha0 mahAvIrakA nirvANa ma0 buddhake zarIrAntase do varSa pahale mAnanA ThIka hai aura cUMki bauddhoM meM ma0 buddhakA parinivvAna I0 pUrva 543 varSa meM mAnA jAtA hai, isaliye bha0 mahAvIrakA nirvANa I0 pUrva 545 meM mAnanA Avazyaka aura ucita hai / jaise I pahile bhI yahI anyathA pragaTa kiyA jAcukA hai / ukta matakA / digambara jainazAstroMke kathanase bhI bha0 mahAvIrakI jIvana di0 jaina zAstroMse ghaTanAoM kA ukta prakAra honA pramANita hai / yaha likhA jAcukA hai ki zreNika bimbasArakI samarthana hotA hai| mRtyu bha0 mahAvIrake jIvana meM hI hogaI thI aura unake bAda kuNika ajAtazatru vidharmI hogayA thA; jise bha0 mahAvIra ke nirvANoparAnta zrI indrabhUti gautamane jainadharmAnuyAyI banAyA thA / itihAsa se zreNikakA mRtyukAla I0 pU0 112 prakaTa hai / tathApi saM0 1827kI racI huI 'zreNikacaritra' kI bhASA vacanikA meM hai ki: " rAja avikAra / zreNika nIti sambhAlakara, kare bAraha varSa ju bauddhamata rahA karmavaza dhAra // 52 // bAraha varSa tane cita dharo, nandagrAma yaha mAraga karo / taha thI seThi sAthi cAliyo, taba veNaka nagara Ayiye // 53 // nandazrI paraNI sukumAla, varSa dUsare raha subAla / sAta varSa bhramaNa ghara rahe, pAche Apa rAjasaMgrahe // 54 // 1-suttanipAta (S. B. E; X) pR0 87 va bhamabu0 pR0 110 /

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bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANakAla / [ 173 nandazrIne visarI rAya, tIna varSa ju pitA ghara thAya / ATha varSanA abhayakumAra, rAjagRhI Ayo citadhAra // 55 // cAra varSameM nyAya ju kiyA, bAraha varSataNAM yuva bhayA / zreNika varSa chavIsa maMkAra, mahAvIra kevala pada dhAra // 56 // adhikAra 15 / " isase prakaTa hai ki zreNikako 12 varSakI umra meM dezanikAlA humA aura rAste meM vaha bauddha huye / do varSa taka nandanI ke yahAM rahe | bAdameM 7 varSa unane bhramaNa meM bitAye aura 22 varSakI umra meM unheM rAjya milA | tathApi unakI 26 varSakI avasthA meM bhagavAna mahAvIrako kevalajJAnakI prApti huI thI / isase pratyakSa hai ki bha0 mahAvIra sarvajJa hone aura dharmapracAra Arambha karane ke pahale hI ma0 buddha dvArA bauddhadharmakA pracAra hogayA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki deza se nirvAsita honepara zreNika bauddha hosake the| isa dazA meM naina zAstrAnusAra bhI hamArI uparokta jIvana-saMbaMdha vyAkhyA ThIka pragaTa hotI hai| sAtha vIra nirvANakAla I0 pUrva 549 mAnanese bha0 kA kevalajJAna prApti samaya I0 pU0 175 ThaharatA hai / isa samaya zreNikakI avasthA 26 varSakI thI arthAt zreNikakA janma I0 pU0 580 meM pragaTa hotA hai | rAjyArohaNa kAlase 28 varSa uparAnta rAjyase alaga hokara unakI mRtyu huI mAnanepara I0 pU0 552 unakA maraNakAla siddha hotA hai / itihAsa se isa tithikA ThIka sAmaJjasya baiThatA hai / ataeva bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANakAla I0 pU0 145 mAnanA ucita hai / vartamAna pracati vIranirvANa saMvatkA zuddha rUpa 2470 honA ucita hai !

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174] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / __ bhagavAna mahAvIrakI mukhya tithiyA~ / 1. bhagavAna mahAvIrakA janma........... "I0 pUrva 617 2. , , gRhatyAga.........." ,, ,, 987 3. ,, ,, kevalajJAna............. ,, ,, 975 4. , , nirvANa............... ,, ,, 945 aMtima kekalI zrI jmbuusvaamii| (I0 pUrva 521-440) bhagavAna mahAvIrajI ke nirvANa lAbha karaneke pazcAt cauvIsa ___ varSameM zrI indrabhRti gautama aura sudharmAsvAmI bhI jmbuusvaam|| unake anugAmI haye the| sudharmAsvAmIke mokSa prApta karalene para vIra-saMghakA zAsana zrI jambUmbAmIke AdhIna rahA thaa| yaha atima kevalI the / ' inake uparAMta isa dezase koI bhI jIva sarvajJa aura mukta nahIM huA hai / loga kahate haiM ki jambUsvAmI apane sAtha hI mokSakA dvAra baMda kara gaye the| jamvRsvAmI kA janma bhagavAna mahAvIrake jIvanakAlameM huA thaa| magadhadezake rAnagRha nagarameM eka mahadAsa bAlya-jIvana / / '' nAmaka jaina seTha rahate the / jinamatI mathavA ninadAsI nAmaka unakI suzola aura viduSI patnI thii| jambUkumA 1-u0 pR0 710 / 2-u0 pR0 702 va jambUkumAra carita pR0 18. kintu zva0 AmnAyameM inake mAtA-pitAkA nAma kramazaH ruSabhadatta va dhAraNi likhA hai / ruSabhadatta kAzyapagotrI zreSThI the| (jaisA saM. bhA0 1 aMka-vIviMzAvali pR0 2)

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aMtima kevalI zrI jmbuusvaamii| [175 rakA janma inhIMkI kokhase huA thaa| jisa samaya yaha garbhameM Aye the usasamaya inakI mAtAne hAthI, sarovara, cAMvalokA kheta, dhUma * rahita magni aura jAmunake phala-yaha pAMca zubha svapna dekhe the / ' nAmunake phaloMko dekhaneke kAraNa inakA nAma 'jambUkumAra' rakkhA gayA thaa| inhoMne bAlyakAlameM bar3I hI kuzalatA pUrvaka samagra zastrazAstra viSayaka vidyAoM meM yogyatA prApta karalI thii| kintu inakA svabhAva bacaparase hI udAsIna vRttiko liye hue thA / yuvA honepara bhI inheM koI vikAra nahIM huA thaa| inakA Adara rAnagRhake rAjadarabArameM adhika thaa| ekadA jambasvAmIkI keraladezake rAnA mRgAGkane zreNikake pApta sahAya vIratA / tAke liye eka dUta bhenA thaa| isakA kAraNa yaha thA ki mRgAGkapara sahIpa (laMkA)ke rAjaH ratnacUlane AkramaNa kiyA thA aura vaha unakI rAnakumArI vilAsavatIko balAt le nAnA cAhatA thaa| mRgAMkako yaha asahya thA / vaha rAjA zreNikako apanI jayA denA cAhatA thaa| idhara nambU kumArake parAkrama aura zauryakI prazaMsA pahilese hI thii| rAnA zreNikane unake hI AdhIna apanI senAko rAnA mRgAMkI sahAyatAke liye me nA thaa| jambU kumArane apane bAhubala aura raNakauzala se ratnacUlako harA diyA thaa| aura rAmA mRgAMkane prapanna hokara vilAsavatIkA vivAha zreNikake sAtha kiyA thaa| eka vaizyaputra meM isa pagakrama aura saMgrAma kauzala kA honA mAmakalake 'paniyoM ke liye samucita zikSA pAnekA mAdarza hai| 1-vetAmbara kevala jamvRkSa dekhA batalAte hai- jaisA 50 mA... baMka 3-vIra pR. 2)

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176 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | vairAgya / jambU kumArakI manovRtti vairAgyamaI thI / yuvAvasthA honepara bhI vaha sAMsArika pralobhanoMse virakta the / eka dina vipulAcala parvatapara zrI sudharmAsvAmI saMghasahita Aye aura rAjA ajAtazatru ranavAsa aura purajana sahita vandanA karaneke liye gaye the / jambUkumAra bhI gaye the aura vaha jinadIkSA grahaNa karanA cAhate the; kintu sambandhiyoMke vizeSa Agraha se ghara vApisa lauTa Aye / zvetAmbara AmnAyakI mAnyatA hai ki isasamaya unakI avasthA solahavarSakI thI aura unane zrAvaka ke vrata dhAraNa kiye the / gharapara Ate hI jambUkumArake mAtA-pitAko unakA vivAha kara denekI phikra huI thI / unane dekhA ki yadi unakA vivAha | ikalautA beTA bhogopabhogakI sAmigrI aura sundara ramaNiyoMko pAkara sAMsArikatAmeM saMlagna na huA to avazya hI unheM usase hAtha dho lene hoMge / yahI socakara unane ATha seThaputriyoM se unakA vivAha kara diyA thaa| mAtA-pitA ke Agraha se unane vivAha to kara liyA; kintu Apane apanI patniyoMke prati snehakI eka dRSTi bhI na DAlI / vaha vivAha ke dUsare dina hI tapobhUmikI ora jAneke liye udyata hogaye ! mAMne bahuta samajhAyA aura prema darzAyA | patniyoMne viSayabhogoMkI sAratA aura apanA adhikAra unapara sujhAyA; kintu koI bhI jaMbUkumArako dIkSAgrahaNa karane kI dRr3ha pratijJAse zithila na kara sakA ! usIsamaya eka vidyuta nAmaka cora, jo bharhaddAsa ke yahAM corI karane AyA thA, jambUkumArake isa vairAgya aura nirlobhako 1-upu0 pR0 703 / 2- jaisA saM0 khaM0 1 aM0 -3 - vIra0 pR0 2 //

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aMtima kevalI zrI jambUsvAmI / [ 177 2 ' dekhakara pratibuddha hogayA / sabane hI zrI suSammIcAyake nikaTa I nAkara jinadIkSA grahaNa kara lo| isa samaya ajAtazatru bho apanI aTharaha prakArakI senA ke sAtha vahAM AyA thA | jaMbUkumAra ke sAtha vidyuccora aura usake pAMcanau sAthI evaM seThAnI jinadAsI aura jambU kumArakI AThoM patniyoMne bhI jinadIkSA grahaNa kara lI thii| kula 527 manuSya unake sAtha muni huye the| nau kroDa suvarNa mudrAoM aura itanI dhana-saMpadAcA jambUkumArane moha nahIM kiyA thA aura na ramaNI - ratnoM kI manamohaka rUpa rAzi hI unako kartavyapathase vicalita kara sakI thI / 3 muni jIvana | huA 1 jambUkupAra muni hokara summasva mIke nikaTa tapazcaraNa karane lage the| jaba unakA upavAsa pUrNa huA to unakA prathama pAraNA rAjagRhake seTa ninadAsa ke gRhameM thI / isake uparAnta vaha vanameM jAkara ugrogra tapa karane lage the / zvetAMbaroMkA kathana hai ki bIsa varSa taka unane yaha ghora tapasyA kI thI aura vaha solaha varSakI avasthA meM dIkSita huye the / digambara zAstroMmeM unheM yuvAvasthA meM muni huA likhA hai / ima muni dazA ke pazcAt unako jyeSTa mudI saptamIke zubha dina kevalajJAnakI prApti huI thI / imI dina sudharmAsvAmI mukta huye the / jambU kumAra 1- vetAMbara vaMzAvaline corakA nAma prabhava hai aura vaha jayapura ke rAjAkA putra thA | jambUkuma ke uparAMta vahI paTTadhIza huA thA; kintu digambara grantha naMdi athavA viSNuko jambukA uttarAdhikArI batAte hai| (jaisA0 khaNDa 1 vIra vaMza0 pR0 3 vajehi0 bha0 1 10 531 | 2-u0 pR0 709 / 3- jaisA mA0 1 vIra vaMzA0 pR0 2 / 4- jambU 0 pR0 63 / 5 jaiprA0 vI0 pR0 2-3 / Da 6- jammR0 pa0 kara 63 va upu0 pR0 710 /

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178 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | 1 1 3 sarvajJa hokara cAlIsa varSa taka jinadharma kA pracAra sarvatra karate rahe the / ' inakA bhava nAmaka ziSya prakhyAttha / vidyuccora bhI mahAtapasvI muni huye the / unane bhI cahu~ora vihAra karake dharmakI mandAkinI vistRta kI thI / eka daphe mathurA meM unapara eka vanadevatAne ghora upasarga kiyA thA; jisameM vaha dRr3haparikara rahe the / bAraha varSa taka tapa karake vaha sarvArthasiddhimeM ahamendra huye / arhadAsa seTha samAdhimaraNa pUrvaka chaThaveM svarga meM deva huye / nimatI seThAnI evaM anya mahilAyeM bhI marakara deva huI thii| * yadyapi jambukumArakA vihAra aura dharma pracAra prAyaH samagra sarvajJa - dazA meM dezameM huA thA; kintu aisA mAlUna hotA hai ki dharmapracAra | baMgAla aura vihArase unakA samparka vizeSa rahA thaa| sudharmA aura jambUsvAmI puNDravarddhana meM vizeSa rItise dharmapacAra karane Aye the aura uparAMta yaha sthAna jaina kA mukhya kendra hogayA thii| kahate haiM ki jambUsvAmIko nirvANa lAbha bhadrabAhuke janmasthAna koTikapura meM huA thA, kintu bhagavAna sakalakIrtike ziSya 0 ninadAsane unakA nirvANasthAna vipulAcala parvata batalAyA hai / ughara di0 jainoM kI mAnyatA hai ki jambUsvAmI mathurA se mokSadhAma sidhAre the| unakI isa pavitra smRtine vahAM para vArSika melA bhI bharatA hai / ataH nizcitarUpameM yadyapi yaha nahIM kahA nA 5 e 1 - upu0 pR0 710 kintu eka prAcIna gAthAmeM yaha samaya 38 varSa likhA hai / ( 'aThatIsa vAsa rahine kevalaNANIya ukkiho // ' ) zvatAMbara 44 varSa aura kula Ayu 80 varSakI batAte hai / jaisA saM0 khaNDa 1 vIra vaMzA0 pR0 3 / 2-upu0 pR0 710 / 3-jambU0 pR0 64-65 / vIra varSa 3 pR0 370 | 5 - pUrva va rAjA valIkathe- jahi0 bhA0 11 619 / 6 - jaihi bhA0 11 pR0 619 /

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aMtima kevalI zrI jambUsvAmI / [ 179 saktA ki jambUsvAmIkA nirvANa sthAna kahAM thA; kintu jaina mAnyatA aura mathurAke jaina purAtatvako dekhate huye mathugameM unakA mokSasthAna honA ThIka jaMcatA hai / vipulAcala parvatapara unane dIkSA grahaNa kI zrI, yaha spaSTa hai| saMbhavataH imIparase va jinadAsane unakA nirvANa 0 3 ra sthAna bhI use hI likha diyA hai / koTakapura samAdhisthAna kahA jAtA hai / saMbhava hai, vaha kevalajJAna sthAna ho / vaha puNDravarddhana dezakA koTivarSa nAmaka grAma anumAna kiyA gayA hai; jahAMse gupta va pAlavaMzI rAjAoMke sikke mile haiN| saMbhavataH isI samaya ataH kRta kevaliyoM meM sarva aMtima zrIdhara nAmaka kevalI kuNDalagiri se mukta hue the. isa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIrako mokSa gaye 62 varSa ho cuke the / * zvetAMbara sampradAyakI mAnyatA hai ki jambU kumArake samaya meM bhI zvetAmbarIya bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI ziSya-paramparA alaga maujUda kathana / dho aura ratnaprabhasUri AcArya padapara niyukta the / unhoMne vIra bhUke mokSa jAneke bAda pacahattarakhe varSane or3avA nagarakI cAmuNDAko pratibodha kara kitaneka jIvoM ko abhayadAna diyA thA aura vahAMke paramAra vaMzI rAjA zrI unaladeva evaM anya logoM ko jainI banAkara unakeza jAtikA prAdurbhAva kiyA thaa| kiMtu di0 zAstroMkA kathana hai ki bhagavAna pArzvake tIrtha ke muni vIra saMgha meM saMmilita hogaye the / vetAMbaroMke ' uttarAdhyayana sUtra' se bhI yahI pragaTa hai / " paramAra vaMzakI utpatti arvAcIna hai, isa kAraNa jambUsvAnI ke samaya paramAra vaMzI rAjAkA honA azakya hai / 4 e 1- pIra varSa 3 pR0 300 2- mehi0: mA0 130 5313 bara varSa mAnate haiN| jaisAdhaM. pR0 30 1 1 vIra vaMzA0 pR0 3 / 5-usU0 pR0 13160, pa0 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat - www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / ( ha ) nava-nanda | nanda-vaMza / ( I0 pUrva 459 - 326 ) zizunAgavaMzake aMtima do rAjAoM-nandavarddhana aura mahAnandikA ullekha pahile kiyA jAcukA hai; kintu inake nAmake sAtha 'nanda' zabda honeke kAraNa, yaha nandavaMzake rAjA anumAna kiye jAte haiN| naMdavaMzameM kula nau rAjA anumAna kiye jAte haiM; kintu mi0 jAyasavAla 'nava-nanda' kA artha 'navIna nanda' karate haiM / isa prakAra nandavarddhana aura mahAnaMdi tathA mahAdevananda va nanda caturtha prAcIna naMdarAjA Thaharate haiM / kSemendrake pUrvanandAH ' ullekha se bhI inakA prAcIna nanda honA siddha hai / navIna naMda rAjAoM meM kula dokA patA calatA hai / isa prakAra kula chai rAjA naMdavaMzamai huye pragaTa hote haiM / kavi candabaradAI (12 vIM za0 I0) ne 'nava' kA artha nau kiyA thA; kintu vaha bhrama mAtra hai / hindupurANoM ke anusAra naMdavaMzane 100 varSa rAjya kiyA thA; kintu jainagranthoM meM unakA rAjyakAla 155 varSa likhA milatA hai| 180 ] " 1 - jabioso, bhA0 1 pR 87 - sikandara mahAnako vRSala nanda siMhAsana para milA thA ( 326 I0 pU0 ) aura candraguptane disambara I0 0 pU0 326 meM aMtima nandako parAsta kiyA thA / isa kAraNa mi0 jAyasavAla eka mahIne meM ATha rAjAoMkA honA ucita nahIM samajhate / 2-ahi pR0 45 / 3 - jabioso, bhA0 bhA0 2 pR0 43 / 4-hari0 bhUmikA pR0 96 - ( pAlakarajjaM sarhi igisaya paNatraNNa vijayavasaMbhavA / ) jaina graMthoM meM isa vaMzakA nAma ' vijayavaMza' likhA hai 1 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 1 pR0 89... va bhAprArA0 12 va trilokaprajJapti gAthA www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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nanda-vaMza | [ 181 vidvAn loga jainoMkI isa gaNanAse sahamata nahIM haiM / ' vaha pAlaka rAjAke rAjyakAla sambandhI 60 varSa bhI inhIM 115 varSoM meM sammilita karate haiM / aura jainoMkI yaha gaNanA bhAratIya itihAsamai nitAnta vilakSaNa batalAte haiM / yadyapi nandavaMzakI prAcIna zAkhA ke donoM rAjAoM kA varNana pahile kiMcit likhA jAcukA hai; kintu vaha paryApta nandivarddhana / nahIM hai / nandavarddhanakA nAma 'nanda' thA aura 'varddhana' usakI upAdhi thI; jisase vaha mahAnaMdase pRthak pragaTa hotA hai / usakA sambandha zizunAga aura licchavi, donoM hI vaMzoMse thA / usakI mAtA saMbhavataH licchavi kulakI thI / mi0 jAyasavAlane usako cAlIsa varSataka rAjya karate likhA hai / nandavarddhana ke samaya meM hI bauddhoM kA dUsarA saMghasammelana huA thA / isI kAraNa bauddhoM ke dvArA vyavahRna inakA aparanAma ' kAlAzoka ' anumAna kiyA gayA hai / nanda prathama athavA nandavarddhana ne apane rAjyakA vistAra khUba phailAyA thA / yahI vajaha hai ki vaha 'varddhan' kI sammAnasUcaka virudase vibhUSita huye the / nandavarddhana ne apane rAjyake dazaveM varSa meM prapotarAjAko jItakara avantIpara adhikAra jamA liyA thA / mAlUma hotA hai ki usane eka bhAratavyApI 'digvinaya' kI ghI / isa digvijaya meM usane dakSiNa-pUrvI aura pazcimIya samudrataTavartI dezoM ko apane rAjya meM milA liyA thA / uttara meM himAlaya parvatake tarAIke deza jIta liye the / kAzmIra aura kaliGgako bhI 1- ahira pR0 42, va 1ri0 bhUmikA pR0 12 / 2 - javi mokho, bhA0 10 89...

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~ ~ 182] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / usane apane AdhIna kara liyA thaa| I0 pUrva 449-409 meM pArastha-sAmrAjya naSTa hone lagA thA / isI avasarapara nandavaInne kAzmIrase lauTate huye takSazilAvAle pArastha rAjyakA anta kara diyA thaa| unakI yaha digvijaya unake vizeSa parAkrama, zaurya aura raNacAturyakA pramANa hai / ' nandavarddhanane apane rAjyArohaNa kAlase eka saMvat bhI pracalita kiyA thA, jo I0 pU0 458se prArambha huA thA aura alabarUnIke samaya taka usakA pracAra mathurA va kannaujame thaa|* unheM janadharmase prema thA, yaha pahile hI likhA jAcukA hai| sara jAna grIyersana sA0 kahate haiM ki nandarAjAoMkA brAhmaNoMse dveSa thA / nanda dvitIya athavA 'mahA' nandake viSayameM kucha adhika paricaya prAyaH nahIM milatA hai / hAM, itanA spaSTa mahA nanda / hai ki unake samayameM takSazilA taka nandarAjya niSkaNTaka hogayA thaa| prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa pANini mahA nandake mitra the aura vaha takSazilAse pATaliputra pahuMce the| yaha bhI saca hai ki mahA nandakI eka rAnI zUdA thI aura usake garbhase mahA-padmanandakA janma huA thaa| isakA rAjyakAla I0pUrva.409.374 mAnAjAtA hai| mahAnaMdakI zUdrA rAnIke garbhase mahApadmakA janma huA thaa| isane nanda rAjyake vAstavika uttarAdhikArI apane mahAM padmananda / 'sautele bhAIko dhokhese mAra DAlA thA aura svayaM 1-jabioso. bhA0 1 10 77-81 / *:jabibhoso0 bhA0 13 pR. 20' / + ahii0 pR0 45 / 2-jabiosomA pR0 82 / AI bhA0 1 pR0 58-59 va. ahira pR0 41 / kucha loga kahate hai ki sAMpradAyika dveSase aisA likhA gayA hai|

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nanda vaMza / [183 rAmA bana baiThA thaa| prAcIna jaina kAnUnakI dRSTise yadyapi mahAnandakA zUdA strose vivAha karanA ThIka siddha hotA hai| kiMtu isa vivAha saMbaMdhase utpanna huA putra mahApadma kevala bharaNa-poSaNake yogya sahAyatA pAne kA adhikArI ThaharatA hai / vaha rAjyasiMhAsanapara bhArUr3a hone ke yogya adhikAra nahIM rakhatA thA ! rAnA upazreNikake saMbaMdha bhI yahI bAta ghaTita huI pratIta hotI hai / vaha eka bhola kanyAko isa zatapara vivAha lAye the ki usake putrako rAjA banAyeMge / kiMtu zAstra aura niyamAnusAra zreNika hI rAjya pAneke adhikArI the| haThAt upazreNika mahArAnane apanA vacana nibhAneke liye, zreNikako dezase nirvAsita kara diyA thA; yaha saba kucha likhA jAcukA hai| mahApadmako isa niyamakA ullaMghana karanA par3A thA aura usane vAstavika uttarAdhikArIkI jIvanalIlA asamayameM hI samApta karake svayaM nandarAjyakI bAgaDora apane hAthameM lI thii| mAlUma hotA hai ki isa ghaTanAse jaina ruSTa huye hoMge aura mahApanako ghRNAkI dRSTise dekhane lage hoNge| yahI kAraNa hai ki mahApadma dvArA nainoMke satAye jAne kA ullekha milatA hai| ur3iyA bhASAke eka granthame (14vI za0 ) magadhake nandarAnAko veda dharmAnuyAyI likhA hai| upara jainoMke hariSeNa kRta kayAkoSameM (8vI za0) bhI eka nandarAjAko brAhmaNa dharma meM dIkSita karane kI kathA milatI hai| vahAM mahApadma nAmaka eka naina munine 1-avio mA0 1 pR. 87 va mAprArA0 bhA0 2 pR. 45 akhi pR. 40-4 / 2- 0 / 3-bhagavatIsUtra-oNpa. mA0 1 pR. 58... 4-avimoso0 bhA0 3 0 481 / 5-sa pasAkoSake bhanuzAra " ArAdhanA vyAkoSa' bhA* 3 pR. 70-81 /

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184] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / unako pratibuddha kiyA thA / hamAre vicArameM yaha mahApadma nAma naMdarAnAkA hI dyotaka hai / no ho, itanA spaSTa hai ki naMdarAjA brAhmagoMke dveSI the aura vaha jainadharmase prema rakhate the| unakA jana dharmAnuyAyI honA kucha Azcarya nanaka nahIM hai / ina nava naMdoMke maMtrI nimsandeha jaina dharmAnuyAyI the / mahApadma kA maMtrI palpaka nAmaka thA aura isakA hI putra agADIke nandakA maMtrI rahA thA / ___ mahApadmanandameM apane dAdA nandavarddhanake samAna kSAtrazakti ____aura raNakauzalakI bAhulyatA thii| usane naMdarAjyako ' / vistRta banAne ke prayatna kiye the| usane kauzAmbIko jItakara vahAM ke pauravavaMzakA aMta kiyA thaa| gaMgA va jamanAkI tarA. IvAle aura bhI choTe2 svAdhIna rAjyoM-pAMcAla, kuru Adiko usane apane adhikAra kara liyA thA / imaprakAra kuzalatApUrvaka vaha I0 pUrva 336-338 taka rAjya karatA rahA thaa| mahApadmake pahile mahAnandake vAstavika uttarAdhikArI do putra nanda mahAdeva aura naMda caturtha kula 374 se 366 I0 pUrvataka nAmamAtrako rAjyAdhikArI rahe the| unakA saMrakSaka mahApadma thA aura antameM usane hI rAjya hathiyA liyA thaa| __ aMtima nanda saphalya athavA dhanananda thA / yaha bar3A lAlacI ____ thaa| isakA maMtrI sakaTAla jaina dharmAnuyAyI thA; antima-nanda / - jo antameM muni hogayA thaa| isake putra sthUlabhadra aura zrIyaka the / sthUlabhadra bhainamuni hogaye the aura zrIya 1-ahi: pR0 45-46 / 2-kahii0 pR0 164 / 3-hiligai0 pR0 45 / 4-javioso0, bha.0 1 pR0 89-90 |5-aak0 bhA0 3pR0 78-81 /

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nanda-vaMza | 1 [ 185 kako maMtrIpada milA thA / isIkA aparanAma saMbhavataH rAkSasa thA / " dhananandameM itanI yogyatA nahIM thI ki vaha itane vistRta rAjyako samucita rIti se saMbhAla letA; yadyapi usa samaya bhAratameM vaha sabase bar3A rAjA samajhA jAtA thA / yUnAniyoMne usako magadha aura kaliGgakA rAjA likhA hai aura batalAyA hai ki usakI senAmeM 2 lAkha paidala sipAhI, 20 hajAra ghur3asavAra, 2 hajAra ratha aura 3 yA 4 hajAra hAthI the / yUnAniyoMne yaha bhI likhA hai ki usakI prajA usase aprasanna thI / ubara kaliMga meM aira vaMzake eka rAjAne ghananaMdase yuddha cher3a diyA / ghanananda usameM parAsta huA aura kaliMga usake adhikAra se nikala gayA thA / idhara cANikyakI sahAyatA se candraguptane bhI nandapara AkramaNa kara diyA thA / nandakA senApati bhadranAla thA / " ima yuddha meM bhI usakI hAra huI aura usake sAtha hI I0 pU0 326 meM naMdavaMzakI samApti hogaI 3 5 * thI / kahate haiM ki isane hI jainoMke tIrtha paJcapahAr3I kA nirmANa paTanA meM karAyA thA / " 1- hilija0 pR0 45 / 2- mudrA0 nATaka meM naMdarAjA ke maMtrIkA nAma yahI hai / isakA bhI jaina honA pragaTa hai / vIra varSa 5 pR0 388 / 3- ahi0 pR0 40-41 / 4- jatrioso 0 bhA0 3 pR0 483 // 5- milinda 0 2 / 147 / 6-cInI loga nandarAjAkI mRtyu I0 pUrva 327 catAte hai / airi0 bhA0 9 pR0 87 / 7- ahi0 pR0 46 / 77

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | ( 10 ) sikandara mahAnUkA AkramaNa aura tatkAlIna jaina sAdhu / ( I0 pU0 327 - 323 ) 186 ] sikandara mahAn / yUnAna meM mesIuna nAmaka eka choTese dezakA rAjA phailakUsa (philipa ) thA / isIkA putra sikandara thA / sikandara bar3A sAhasI, parAkramI aura pratibhAzAlI thA / usane apane pitA ke choTese rAjyakA khUba vistAra kiyA thA / aura vaha bar3e sAmrAjyakA svAmI thA / tIna varSameM ( 334331 I0 pU0 ) usane eziyA mAinara, siriyA, misra, IrAna, Adi dezoMko jIta liyA thA aura phira bhAratako jItanekA saMkalpa karake vaha pharvarI athavA mArca san 326 I0 pU0 meM ohinda nAmaka sthAnapara siMdhu nadI pAra karake bhAratameM ApahuMcA thA / pahile hI usake mArga meM takSazilAkA hiMdU rAjya AyA thA; kintu yahAMke zizugupta nAmaka rAjAne sikandarakA virodha nahIM kiyA thA / usane eka mitrake samAna usakA svAgata kiyA thA / isa prakAra bhAratavarSa meM pahile pahila sikandarake sammAnita hone meM takSazilAdhIza aura puru - ( porasa ) evaM anya rAjapUtoM kA pArasparika manomAlinya hI mUla kAraNa thA / puru aura anya rAjA loga takSazilApara kaIvAra car3hAI karate rahe the / sikandara takSazilAdhIzake isa svAgatapara bar3A prasanna huA aura usane use takSazilAkA rAjya punaH sauMpa diyA / kintu puru (porasa) ne, jo siMdhu aura jhelama nadIke bIcavAle, dezapara I *

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sikandara-AkramaNa va tatkAlIna jaina sAdhu / [187 rAjya karatA thA, usakI adhInatA svIkAra nahIM kI thii| purune bar3I vIratAse lar3AImeM sikandarakA sAmanA kiyA thA; kiMtu usake hAthiyoM ne bar3A dhokhA diyA aura haThAt usane sikandarakA Adhipatya svIkAra kara liyA thA / isa vinayake bAda sikandara agAr3I pUrva dizAkI ora bar3hA thA aura vyApta nadIke kinArepara pahuMcA thaa| yahAM usakI senAne javAba dediyA-vaha thaka gaI thii| usane agADI bar3hanese inkAra kara diyA thaa| baravaza sikandarako vApasa apane deza lauTa jAnA par3A thA / jhelama nadIke pAsa usake sainikoMne do hajAra nAvoMkA ver3A taiyAra kara liyA aura usapara savAra hokara akTUbara san 326 I. pU. meM vaha jhelama nadIke mArgase vApasa huA thaa| mArga meM use kaThina kaThinAiyAM jhelanI par3IM aura dasa mahIne kI yAtrAke bAda vaha phArasa pahuMcA thaa| jUna san 323 I0 pU0 meM vebIlana meM 32 varSakI avasthA meM sikandarakA dehAnta hogayA thaa| usakA vicAra sindha aura paMjAbako apane sAmrAjya meM milA lene kA thA; kintu apanI asAmAyika mRtyuke kAraNa vaha aisA nahIM kara sakA thaa| usakI mRtyuke bAda usakA sAmrAjya chinnabhinna hogayA aura bhAratake uttara-pazcimIya sImAvartI pradezapara jo usakA adhikAra kucha jamA thA; use candragupta mauryane naSTa kara diyA thaa| yUnAniyoM ke isa AkramaNakA mAratapara kucha bhI asara nahIM samAtiyoM mAkama- par3A thaa| bhAratakI sampatA aura usake 'pakA prmov| AcAra-vicAra machuma rahe the| mAratIyone 1-mAha0 pR. 55-58 /

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188] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / yUnAnI sabhyatAko grahaNa nahIM kiyA thaa| sikandarakA bhArataAkramaNa eka teja AMdhI thI; jo caTase bhAratake uttara-pazcimIya dezase hotI huI nikala gii| usase bhAratakA vizeSa ahita bhI nahIM huA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratavAsI sikandarako zIghra hI bhUla gaye the| kisI bhI brAhmaNa, jaina yA bauddhagraMthameM isa mAkramaNakA varNana nahIM milatA hai| kiMtu isa AkramaNakA phala itanA avazya mAnanA par3egA ki isake dvArA saMsArakI do samya aura prAcIna jAtiyoM kA samparka huA thA / yUnAniyoMne bhAratavarSake vidvAnoMse bahutasI bAteM sIkhIM thIM aura yahAMke tattvajJAnakA yUnAnI dArzanikoMke vicAroMpara gaharA prabhAva par3A thaa| sikandara aura usake sAthiyoM kA vizeSa saMptarga digambara jaina muniyoMse huA thaa| pariNAmataH yUnAniyoMmeM aneka vidvAn "ahiMsA paramo dharmaH" siddhAMta para jora deneko tula par3e the| ina logoMne jo bhArata evaM jaina muniyoM ( Gymnosophists ) ke sambandhame jo bAteM likhI haiM; unakA sAmAnya digdarzana kara lenA samucita hai| bhAratavarSake viSayameM yUnAniyoMne bahuta kucha likhA hai, magara khAsa . jAnane yogya bAteM yaha haiM ki vaha usa samaya bhAratakI bhArata vaNanA janasaMkhyA tamAma dezoMse adhika batAte haiM jo aneka saMpradAyoM meM vibhakta thA aura yahAM vibhinna bhASAyeM bolI jAtI thiiN| eka saMpradAya aisA bhI hai ki na usake anuyAyI kisI jIvita prANIko 1-paithAgorasa aisA hI upadeza detA thA ( dekho aii0 pR. 65) aura porapheriyasa ( Porphyrious) ne mAMsa niSedha para eka pranyalikhA thA / (aii0 pR0 169) / 2-aii0 pR0 1 /

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sikandara-AkramaNa va tatkAlina jaina sAdhu [189 mArate haiM aura na khetI karate haiM / vaha gharoM meM nahIM rhte| aura zAkAhAra karate haiN| vaha utta anAnako prayogameM lAte haiM jo apane Apa pRthvImeM upanatA hai aura maI (millet) jaisA hotA hai|' bahuta karake yaha varNana jainoMke vratI zrAvakoM ko lakSya karake likhA gayA pratIta hotA hai / brAhmaNoMmeM katipaya aise bhI the, jo mAMsa nahIM khAte aura na madya pIte the| bhAratavAsiyoMko yUnAniyoMne mitavyayI kintu mAbhUSaNoMke premI likhA hai| unane mizradeza samAna yahAM bhI sAta jAtiyoM kA honA likhA hai kintu yaha rAjanatika apekSAse sAta bheda kahe jAsakte haiN| vaise cAra jAtiyAM-brAhmaga, kSatrI, vaizya, zUda-yahAM thiiN| kRSaka loga adhika saMsthAmeM the / ve bar3e sAla aura dayAlu the / unheM yuddha nahIM karanA par3atA thA / kSatrI loga yuddha karate the / pratyeka jAti ke liye mapanA vyavasAya karanA anivArya thA / yuddhake samaya bhI khetI hotI rahatI thii| koI bhI unako nahIM cher3atA thA, phasalakA : bhAga svayaM rakhane aura zeSa rAnAko dete the|"bhaar. tIya ghane bune hue kapar3eko likhaneke kAmameM lAne the| bhAratameM annanala kI bAhulyatA aura vizeSatA thii| unakA zarIra gaThana sAdhAraNa manuSyoMse kucha vizeSatA rakhatA thA aura usakA unheM garva thaa| vaha zilpa aura lalita kalAoMmeM khUba nipuNa the| gharatI zAka aura anAna to ugatA hI hai parantu aneka prakArakI dhAtuyeM bhI nikalatI thIM / sonA, cAMdI aura lohA vizeSa pariNAmameM nikalatA 1-aii0 pR. 2 / 2-ai60 pR0 183 / 3-ai30 pR. 30 / 4-ai30 me pR. 40-43 / 5-aii. pR. 6-ai60 pR0 56 / /

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190 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | batAyA hai| nadiyoMse bhI sonA nikalatA thA / isIkAraNa kahA jAtA hai ki bhArata meM kabhI akAla nahIM par3A aura na kisI videzI rAjAne bhAratako vijaya kara pAyA / unameM jhUTha bolane aura corI karanekA prAyaH abhAva thA / ve guNoMkA Adara karate the / vRddha honese hI koI AdarakA pAtra nahIM hotaa| unameM bahu vivAhakI prathA pracalita thI / kahIM kanyApakSako eka jor3I baila denese varakA vivAha hotA thA aura kahIM vara-kanyA svayaM apanA vivAha karA lete the / * svayaMvarakI bhI prathA thI / vivAhakA uddezya kAmatRpti aura saMtAna vRddhimeM thA / koI 2 eka yogya sAthI pAneke liye hI vivAha karate the / " ve choTIsI tipAIpara sonekI thAlI meM rakhakara bhojana karate the / unake bhojana meM cAMvala mukhya hote the / 2 E bhAratIya tatvavettA | yUnAniyoMne bhAratavarSake tatvavettAoM kA varNana kiyA hai, vaha bar3e mArkekA hai / unhoMne bhAratakI sAta jAtiyoM meM se pahalI jAti inhIM tatvavettA - oMkI batalAI hai / inameM brAhmaNa aura zramaNa yaha do bheda pragaTa kiye haiM / brAhmaNa loga kula paramparAse calI huI eka jAti vizeSa thI / arthAt janmase hI vaha brAhmaNa mAnate the / kiMtu zramaNa sampradAya meM yaha bAta nahIM thii| hara koI vinA kisI nAtipAMtake bheda zramaNa ho saktA thA | brAhmaNoMkA mukhya kArya dAna, dakSiNA lenA aura yajJa karAnA thA / ve sAhitya racanA aura varSaphala bhI pragaTa karate the / varSArambha meM ve apanI racanAyeM lekara rAjadara I pR0 70-71 / 3-aii0 1 - meaii0 pR0 31-33 / 2 - aiime0 pR0 38 / 4- meei0 pR0 222 / 5- meaii0, pR0 71 / 6 meaii *, 074 / - meai60, pR0 98 / 8- aii0 10 169 va 181 "

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sikandara - AkramaNa va tatkAlina jaina sAdhu [ 191 ravAra meM pahuMcate the aura mAnyatA pAte the / yadi unakA varSaphala Adi koI kArya ThIka nahIM utaratA to unheM janmabhara mauna rahane kI AjJA hotI thii| isa kAryameM zramaNa bhI bhAga le sakte the / brAhmaNoM ne aise bhI the, jo vAnaprastha dazAmeM rahate the / 7 zramaNa bhI kaI taraha ke the; kiMtu unameM mukhya vaha the jo nagna " * jainosophisTa' rahate the| yaha brAhmaNa aura bauddhoMse bhinna the| inako vidvAnoMne digambara jaina muni mAnA hai; digambara jaina sAdhu the / yadyapi koI vidvAna inheM AjIvika sAdhu anumAna karate haiM / kiMtu inakA yaha anumAna nirmUla hai| yUnAniyoMne ina nagna sAdhuoMkI mina vizeSa kriyAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai; unase inakA digambara jaina muni honA siddha hai / udAharaNa ke liye dekhiye :-- (?) yUnAniyoMkA kathana hai ki " zramaNa koI zArIrika parizrama (Labour =prArambha ) nahIM karate haiM; nagna rahate haiM; sardImeM khulI havAmeM aura garamiyoM meM khetoM meM va per3oM ke nIce zAsana jamAte haiM; aura phaloM para jIvana yApana karate haiM / " yaha saba kriyAyeM jaina muniyoMke jIvana meM milatI haiM / jaina muni Arambhake sarvathA tyAgo hote haiM / ve pAnItaka svayaM grahaNa nahIM karate yaha bauddhazAstroM se bhI pragaTa hai / " unakA nagnabheSa bhI jaina zAstroMke anukUla hai; jaise ki pahale likhA nAcukA hai| vanoM aura guphAoM Adi ekAnta sthAnameM jaina muniko rahanekA Adeza hai / tathA vaha nirAmiSamojI aura uddiSTa tyAgI hote haiM / 1- ai30 pR0 47 / 2 jasi . 11 ki0 1-10 8 // 3- 30 pR0 47 / 1-maneDu0 I 223 /

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192 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | (2) 'zramaNa nagna rahate, kaThina parISaha sahana karate aura kisIkA nimaMtraNa svIkAra nahIM karate haiM / unakI mAnyatA janasAdhAraNa meM khUba hai / " jaina muni kaThina parISada sahana karane aura nimaMtraNa svIkAra karane ke liye prakhyAta haiM / (3) ' inDiyA ke sAdhu nagna rahate aura koha kaoNphakA (Cau casus) barpha tathA sardIkA vega binA saMkleza pariNAmoMke sahana karate haiM aura jaba ve apane zarIrako agnike supurda kara dete haiM aura vaha jalane lagatA hai, to unake mukhase eka Aha bhI nahIM nikalatI hai / "" sardI, garmI, daMza Adi bAIsa parISahoM ko jaina muni samatAbhAva se sahana karate haiM unako zarIra se mamatva nahIM hotA / aMtima samaya meM ve sallekhanA vrata karate haiM aura prANAnta hojAnepara agnicitA unakI deha bhasma hojAtI hai / kalyANa (Kalanos ) nAmaka eka jaina munike sallekhanA vratakA vizada varNana, yUnAniyoMne kiyA hai nimnameM usako prakaTa karate huye isa viSayakA spaSTIkaraNa hojAyagA / Aja bhI jaina sAdhu isa vratakA abhyAsa karate huye mileMge / isase bhAva AtmahatyAkA nahIM hai / 3 (4) 'una (bhAratIyoM) ke tatvavettA, jinako ve 'jinmosophisTa kahate haiM, prAtaH kAlase sUryAsta taka sUryakI ora TakaTakI lagA kara khaDe rahate haiM / khUba jalatI huI retapara vaha dinabhara sabhI isa paira se aura kabhI dUsare se sthita rahate haiM / yahAMpara jaina muniyoM ko AtApana yoga nAmaka tapasyAkA sAghana karate huye batAyA gayA hai / (5) sAdhAraNa manuSyoM ko saMyamI aura saMtoSamaya jIvana vitAnekI1- aii0 pR0 63 / 2 - aii0 pR0 68 phuTa0 - 1 / 3-aii pR0 68 phu02 /

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sikandara-AkramaNa va tatkAlina jaina sAdhu [193 salAha ina zramaNoMne dI thii|' jaina muni sadA hI aisI zikSA diyA karate haiN| (6) zramaNa aura zramaNI brahmacaryapUrvaka rahate haiN| zramaNI tatvajJAna kA abhyAsa karatI haiM / janasaMghake muni AryikAoM ko pUrNa brahmacaryakA pAlana karanA anivArya hotA hai| mAryikAyeM tatvajJAnakA khAsA adhyayana karatI haiM / (7) zramaNa saMghameM pratyeka vyakti sammilita hosaktA hai|' jainasaMghakA hAra bhI pratyeka nIvita prANIke liye sadAse khulA rahA hai| (8) 'zramaNa nagna rahate haiM / ve satya kA abhyAsa karate haiN| bhaviSya viSayaka vaktavya pragaTa karate haiN| aura eka prakArake 'pirAmiDa' (Pyramid) kI pUjA karate haiM, jinake nIce ve kisI mahApuruSakI asthiyAM rakkhI huI mAnate haiM / " nagna rahanA, satyakA abhyApta karanA aura bhaviSya sambaMdhI vaktavya ghoSita karanA naina muniyoM ke liye koI anokhI bAta nahIM hai| jyotiSa aura bhaviSya phala pragaTa karane ke liye ve anaina granthoM meM bhI sanmAnakI dRSTise dekhe gaye haiN| siddha pratimA saMyukta stUpa ThIka 'pirAmiDa ' ase hote haiN| nainoM meM inakI mAnyatA bahu prAcInakAlase hai / yaha stura 1-aii0 pR. 70 / 2-aii. 10 183 va meaii0 pR.1.3 / 3-ai10, pR0 167 / 4-vIre, varSa5 pR. 230-234 / 5-aii0, pR. 183 / 6-nyAyabindu (a. 3) meM zrI RSabha va vadamAna mahAvIrajIko jyotiSa vidyA nigAta hone ke kAraNa sarvajJake AdarzarUpa pragaTa kiyA hai| pudrA rAisa (aM0 4), prabodha candrodaya (. 3) bhAdi vara muni bhaviSya viSayaka ghoSagA karate batAye gaye hai| dekho jA. bhAga 14 pR. 45-61 /

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194 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | kevalI bhagavAnake samAdhisthAnapara banate haiN| takSazilA meM Aja bhI kaI bhagna jaina stUpa mile haiM / (9) 'sUrya kI prakhara dhUpa meM khar3e hue digambara (nagna) sAdhuoMse sikandara ne pUchA ki Apa loga kyA cAhate haiM ? unhoMne uttara diyA ki, Apa apane sAthiyoMke sAtha kahIM chAyAkA Azraya leM / basa, hamako yahI cAhiye / " yaha kriyA dayA dAkSiNyAdi jaina sAdhuoM ke upayukta guNayukta hai / unhoMne yUnAniyoM ke liye sUryakA tApa asahiSNu samajhakara zItala pradezake upayogakA upadeza diyA pratIta hotA hai / (10) zramaNoMne kahA thA ki 'isa paribhramaNakA kabhI anta honevAlA nahIM / jaba hamArI mRtyu hogI to isa zarIra aura AtmAkA jo asvAbhAvika milana hai, vaha chUTa jAyagA / mRtyuke bAda hameM eka acchI gati prApta hogii| yaha mAnyatAyeM ThIka jainoM ke samAna haiM / (11) " ekabAra sikandarane dhyAnamagna daza sAdhuoM ko balAkArase pakar3akara maMgA liyA thaa| sAdhuoMse usane dasa prazna kiye aura dhamakI dI ki yadi inakA ThIka uttara nahIM hogA, to hama sabako eka sAtha maravA deMge / parantu sAdhuoMke saMghanAyakane bar3I nirbhIkatAse sikandara se kahA thA ki yadyapi tumhArA zArIrika aura sainika bala hamase bar3hA car3hA hai, kiMtu Atmika bala tumhArA hamase prabala nahIM hoktA | kahA jAtA hai ki ye nagna sAdhu sikandara ke sipA1- jaisi : bhA0 bhA0 1 ki0 2-3, pR0 8- / 2- pUrvavat / 3- ai60 pR0 05 /

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sikandara-AkrapaNa va tatkAlIna jaina sAdhu / [195 hiyoM tathA anyAnya manuSyoM ke padacinhita pRthvIpara hI paira rakhakara calate the / jainAcAryone jahAM muniyoM ke bhAcArakA kathana kiyA hai, vahAM vihAra varNanameM spaSTa rUpase likhA hai ki muniyoM ko tathA sAdhuoMko mardita tathA padadalita bhUmipara hI calanA caahiye| isa kathanase grIka itihAsa lekhakoM kA kathana bar3I abhinnatAse milatA hai|" uparokta khAsa vizeSatAoM ko dekhate huye yaha nissandeha spaSTa hai ki sikandara mahAna ko jo nagna sAdhu takSazilAke AsapAsa mile the, vaha digambara jaina sAdhu the / AnIvika sAdhu vaha nahIM hosate; kyoMki AjIvika sAdhu pUrNataH nirAmiSa bhonI nahIM hote, bhAnIvikA karate haiM aura eka lAThI (DanDA) bhI hAtha liye rahate haiN| tathApi unakA vaidika RSi aura bauddha bhikSu honA bhI apaMgata hai| ina donoM sAdhuoM kA ullekha to yUnAniyoMne prathaka rUpameM kiyA hai| ataeva ina nagna sAdhuko digambara jaina zramaNa mAnanA anu. cita nahIM hai| takSazilAmeM taba inakI bAhulyatA aura pratiSThA adhika thI; isase kahA jA saktA hai ki usa samaya jainadharma avazya hI uttara-pazcimIya sImAvartI dezoMtaka phela gayA thaa| yUnAnI logoM ke varNanase tabake jaina sAdhudharmake svarUpakA bhI digdarzana honAtA hai aura vaha ma0 mahAvIrake samayake anukUla pragaTa hotA hai| 1-si bhA0, mA0 1 ki. 4 pR. 6 / 2-bhamabu010 20-22 va pIra varSa 2 pR. 547 / 3-asibhA0, bhA0 1 ki. 2-3 pR. 8 / 4-DaoN. sTIvensana (jasaaigo. janavarI 1855), pro. kolayA (airi0 bhA. 1 pR. 199) aura insApeTiyA braTena (04 bhavRtti) bhA. 15 pR. 128meM ina nagna pramaNo na ni likhA hai|

Page #217
196 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / 6 yUnAniyoMne ina nagnasAdhuoMmeM mandanIsa aura kalonasa nAmakadigambara jaina do sAdhuoMkI bar3I prazaMsA kI hai| inako sAdhu mandanIsa aura unhoMne brAhmaNa likhA hai aura isa apekSA kalAnasa / kinhIM lekhakoMne unakA caritra vaidika brAhmaNoMkI mAnyatAoM ke anukUla citrita kiyA hai; kiMtu unako sabane nagna batalAyA hai / " tathApi kalonasako jo kezaloMca Adi karate. | likhA hai, usase spaSTa hai ki ye sAdhu jaina zramaNa the| eka yUnAnI lekhaka ne klonasako brAhmaNa purohita na likhakara 'bhramaNa' batalAyA bhI hai / ataH mAlUma aisA hotA hai ki janmase ye brAhmaNa hote huye bhI jaina dharmAnuyAyI the / inakA mUla nivAsa tirahUtameM thI / sikandara jaba takSazilA meM pahuMcA to usane ina digambara sAdhuoM kI bar3I tArIpha sunii| use yaha bhI mAlama huA ki vaha nimaMtraNa svIkAra nahIM karate | isapara vaha khuda to unase milane nahIM gayA; kiMtu apane eka aphasara onesikriTasa (Onesikritos) ko unakA hAlacAla leneke liye bhejA / takSazilA ke bAhara thor3I dUrapara usa aphasarako pandraha digambara sAdhu asahya dhUpameM kaThina tapasyA karate mile the / kalonasa nAmaka sAdhuse usakI vArtAlApa huI thI / yahIM sAdhu yUnAna jAne ke liye sikandara ke sAtha ho liyA thaa| mAlUma hotA hai ki 'kalonasa' nAma saMskRta zabda 'kalyANa' kA apabhraMza hai / " 2 - aii0, pR0 72 / pR0 1 - vizeSa ke liye dekho vIra, varSa 6 / 3- airi0 bhA0 9 pR0 70 / 4 - pe0, 69 / 5 - yUnAnI lekhaka plUTArkakA kathana hai ki yaha muni AzIrvAdameM 'kalyANa' zabdakA prayoga karate the / isa kAraNa kalaoNnasa kahalAte the / inakA yathArtha nAma 'sphAinsa' (Sphines ) thA / meaii0 pR0 106 //

Page #218
sikandara-AkramaNa va tatkAlina jaina sAdhu [197 ataH ina sAdhukA zuddha nAma ThIka hai, jo jaina sAdhuoM ke nAmake samAna hai| muni kalyANane isa videzIke pracaNDa lobha aura tRSNAke vaza ho ghora kaSTa sahate huye vahAM AyA dekhakara jarA upahAtabhAva dhAraNa kiyA aura kahA ki pUrvakAlameM saMsAra sukhI thA-yaha deza anAnase bharapUra thaa| vahAM dRSa aura amRta Adike jharane vahate ye, kintu mAnava samAna viSayabhogoMke mAdhIna ho ghamaNDI aura uddaNDa hogyaa| vidhine yaha saba sAmagrI lupta karadI aura manupyake liye parizramapUrvaka jIvana vitAnA (A life of toil) niyata kara diyA / saMsArameM punaH saMyama mAdi sad guNoM kI vRddhi huI aura acchI cInoM kI bAhulyatA bhI hogaI ! kintu aba phira manuSyoM meM asantoSa aura ucchRGkhalatA Ane lagI hai aura vartamAna avasthAkA naSTa honAnA bhI mAvazyaka hai| sacamuca ipta vaktavya dvArA muni kalyANane bhogabhUmi aura karmabhUmike cauthe kALa aura phira paMcamakAlake prAraMbhakA ullekha kiyA pratIta hotA hai| ___unane yUnAnI aphasarase yaha bhI kahA thA ki 'tuma hamAre samAna kapar3e utArakara nagna honAo aura vahIM zilApara mAsana jamAkara hamAre upadezako zravaNa kro| benArA yUnAnI aphasara isa prastAvako munakara bar3e asamaMjasameM par3a gayA thA; kintu eka jaina munike liye yaha sarvathA ucita thA ki vaha saMsArameM burI taraha phaMse huye prANI uddhAra karane bhAvase use digambara muni honA* 1-aiha, pR. 70 / 2-ai60 pR. 70 /

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198] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / nekI zikSA deM / prAyaH pratyeka jaina muni apane vaktavya ke antameM aisA hI upadeza dete haiM aura yadi koI vyakti muni na hosake to use zrAvakake vrata grahaNa karane kA parAmarza dete haiN| muni kalyANane bhI yahI kiyA thaa| kintu eka videzIke liye inameM se kisI bhI prastAvako svIkAra kara lenA sahasA sugama nahIM thaa| muni mandanIsa, jo saMbhavataH saMghAcArya the, yUnAnI aphasarakI isa vikaTa ulajhanameM sahAyaka bana gye| unhoMne muni kalyANako roka diyA aura yUnAnI aphasarase kahA ki 'sikandara' kI prazaMsA yogya hai| vaha vizada sAmrAjyakA svAmI hai, parantu to bhI baha jJAna pAnekI lAlasA rakhatA hai| eka aise raNavIrako unane jJAnecchu rUpameM nahIM dekhA ! sacamuca aise puruSoMse bar3A lAbha ho, ki jinake hAthoMmeM bala hai, yadi vaha saMyamAcArakA pracAra mAnavasamAjameM kareM / aura saMtoSamaI jIvana vitAneke liye pratyekako bAdhya kre| ____ mahAtmA mandanIsane dubhASiyoM dvArA isa yUnAnI aphasarase vArtAlApa kiyA thaa| isI kAraNa unheM bhaya thA ki unake bhAva ThIka prakaTa na hoskeN| kintu to bhI unane jo upadeza diyA thA usakA niSkarSa yaha thA ki viSaya sukha aura zokase pIchA kaise chUTe / unane kahA ki zoka aura zArIrika zramameM bhinnatA hai| zoka manuSyakA zatru hai aura zrama usakA mitra hai| manuSya zrama isaliye karate haiM ki unakI mAnasika zaktiyAM unnata hoM, jisase ki ve bhramakA manta kara sakeM aura sabako acchA parAmarza deskeN| ve takSazilA vAsiyoMse sikandarakA svAgata mitrarUpameM karane ke liye

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sikandara-AkramaNa va tatkAlIna jaina sAdhu / [ 199 kaheMge; kyoMki apane se acchA puruSa yadi koI cAhe to use bhalAI karanA cAhiye / " isake bAda unane yUnAna ke tatvavettAoM meM jo siddhAnta praca kite the unakI bAbata pUchA aura uttara sunakara kahA ki 'anya viSayoM meM yUnAniyoM kI mAnyatAeM puSTa pratIta hotI haiM, jaise ahiMsA Adi, kintu ve prakRtike sthAnapara pravRttiko sammAna denemeM eka bar3I galatI karate haiM / yadi yaha bAta na hotI to ve unakI I taraha nagna rahane meM aura saMyamI jIvana bitAne meM saMkoca na karate; kyoMki vahI sarvottama gRha hai, jisakI marammatakI bahuta kama jarUrata par3atI hai / unane yaha bhI kahA ki ve (digambara muni) prAkRtavAda, jyotiSa, varSA, duSkALa, roga Adike sambandhameM bhI anveSaNa karate haiN| jaba ve nagarameM jAte haiM to caurAhe para pahuMcakara saba titarabitara hojAte haiM / yadi unheM koI vyakti aMgUra mAdi phala liye mila jAtA hai, to vaha detA hai use grahaNa kara chete haiM / usake badale meM vaha use kucha nahIM dete / pratyeka dhanI gRhameM vaha antaH 1- ai60 pR0 70-71 santoSI aura saMyamI jIvana vitAne kI zikSA denA, dUsaroMke sAtha bhaTAI karanekA upadeza denA aura pravRttiko pradhAnatA denA, jaina mAnyatAkA dyotaka hai / 2-isa ullekhase usa samaya ke muniyoM kA pratyeka viSaya meM pUrNa niSNAta honA siddha hai / 3- yahAM AhAra kriyAkA varNana kiyA gayA hai| niyata samayapara saMgha AhAra ke liye nagara meM jAtA hogA aura vahAM caurAhepara pahuMcakara sabakA alaga 2 prasthAna kara mAmA ThIka hI hai / 4-kese aura kaunasA AhAra ve grahaNa karate hai ? isa praznake uttara meM mahAtmA mandanIsane yaha vAkya kahe pragaTa hote hai / jaina sAdhujhe eka. vyakti matipUrvaka jo bhI zuddha nirAmiSa bhojana detA hai, use hI vaha

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200] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / pura taka binA rokTokake jAtakte haiM / bhAcArya mandanIsane sikandarake liye yaha bhI upadeza diyA thA ki vaha ina sAMsArika sukhoMkI bhAzAmeM par3akara cAroM tarapha kyoM paribhramaNa kara rahA hai ? usake isa paribhramaNakA kabhI anta honevAlA nhiiN| vaha ipta pRthvIpara apanA kitanA hI adhikAra jamAle, kintu maratI bAra usake zarIrake liye sADhetIna hAtha namIna hI bapta hogii|' ina mahAtmAke mArmika upadeza aura jaina zramaNoM kI vidyAkA prabhAva sikandara para beDhaba par3A thaa| usane apane sAtha eka sAdhuko bhenanekI prArthanA saMghanAyakase kI thI; kintu saMghanAyakane yaha bAta asvIkAra kI thii| unhoMne ina jainAcAra hIna videziyoMke sAtha rahakara munidharmakA pAlana akSuNNa rItise honA azakya samajhA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki unane kisI bhI sAdhuko yUnAniyoM ke sAtha jAnekI mAjJA nahIM dii| kintu isapara bhI muni kalyANa (kalaoNnasa) dharmapracArakI apanI ulaTa laganako na roka sake aura vaha sikandarake sAtha ho liye the| unakI yaha kriyA saMghanAyakako pasaMda na AI aura muni kalyANakako unane tiraskAra dRSTise dekhA thaa| bhAratase lauTate huye, jisasamaya sikandara pArasyadezameM pahuMcA; kalonasako videzameM to vahaki suptA (Susa) nAmaka sthAnameM samAdhimaraNa / ina mahAtmA kalAnasako eka prakArakI vyAdhi jo apane dezameM kabhI nahIM hotI thI hogii| isa samaya grahaNa karate hai| usake badale meM vaha use kucha bhI nahIM dete| bhojanake niyamameM ve bhaktajanakA koI bhI upakAra nahIM krte| 1-aii. pR0 73 / 2-si bhA0, mA0 1 ki0 4 pR0 5 /

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sikandara-AkramaNa va tatkAlIna jaina sAdhu / [ 201 vaha tehattara varSake vRddha the / aura phira ruggadazAmeM unake liye jainadharmakI prathAnusAra pravRtti karanA aura dharmAnukUla indriyadamanakArI bhojanoM dvArA rogI zarIrakA nirvAha karanA asAdhya hogayA thA / isaliye unhoMne sallekhanA vratako grahaNa kara lenA ucita samajhA / yaha vrata usI asAdhya avasthAmeM grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, jaba ki vyaktiko apanA jIvana saMkaTApanna dRSTi par3atA hai| muni kalyANakI zArIrika sthiti isI prakArakI thI / unane sikandara para apanA abhiprAya prakaTa kara diyA / pahile to sikaMdara rAjI na huA; paraMtu mahAtmAko Atmavirsana karane para tulA dekhakara usane samucita sAmagrI prastuta karanekI AjJA de dI / pahile eka kAThakI koTharI banAI gaI thI aura usameM vRkSoMkI pattiyAM bichA dIgaIM thIM / isIkI chatapara eka citA banAI gaI thI / sikandara unake sammAnArtha apanI sArI senAko susajjita kara taiyAra hogayA / nImArIke kAraNa mahAtmA kalaoNnasa bar3e durbala hogaye the / unako lAne ke liye eka ghor3A bhejA gayA; kintu jIvadayAke pratipAlaka ve munirAja usa ghor3e para nahIM car3he aura bhAratIya DhaMgase pAlakI meM baiThakara vahAM A gye| vaha usa koThar3I meM unakI vyavasthAnusAra banda kara diye gaye the / antameM vaha citApara virAjamAna ho gaye / citArohaNa karatI ra unane jaina niyamAnusAra sabase kSamA prArthanAkI bheMTa kIM | tathA dhArmika upadeza dete huye kezaloMca bhI kiyA | 2 1 . 1 - aii0, pR0 73 / 2 - kezaloca karanA, jaina muniyoMkA khAsa niyama hai| yUnAniyoMne muni kalyANake aMtima samayakA varNana eka nizcita rUpameM nahIM diyA hai / citApara baiThakara samAdhi lenA jaina dRSTise ThIka nahIM ha / sambhavataH apane zabako jalavAne kI niyatase muni kalyANane aisA kiyA ho /

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202] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| usasamaya sikandarako yaha dRzya marmabhedI pratIta huA to bhI usane apanI bhakti dikhAneke lie apane sabhI raNavAdya bajavAye aura sabhI sainikoM ke sAtha zokasucaka zabda kiyA tathA hAthi. yoMse bhI ciMghADa karavAI / sikandara unake nikaTa milaneke liye bhI AyA; kiMtu unhoMne kahA ki " maiM abhI mApase mulAkAta karanA nahIM cAhatA; aba zIghra hI Apase mujhe bheMTa hogii|" isa kathanakA bhAvArtha usa samaya koI bhI na samajha sakA; parantu kucha samayake bAda jaba sikandara kAlakavalita honeke sammukha humA to ma0 kalaoNnasake isa bhaviSyadvaktRtva zaktikI yAda sabako hoaaii|' usa citAkI dhadhakatI huI vikarAla jvAlAmeM mahAtmA kalonasakA zarIrAnta hogyaathaa| ina jainamunine videziyoMke hRdayoMpara kitanA gaharA prabhAva jamA liyA thA, yaha prakaTa hai| sacamuca yadi vaha yUnAna pahuMca jAte to vahAMpara ekavAra jaina siddhAMtoMkI zItala aura vimala jAnhavI bahA dete ! 1-ma. kalaoNnasake bhaviSyadvaktakhake isa udAharaNase unako apane - aMtima samayakA jJAna huA mAnanA kucha anucita nahIM jacatA aura vaha citApara ThIka usI samaya baiThe hoMge; jisa samaya unake prANa pakherU isa nazvara zarIrako choDane lage hoNge| 2-jaisi mA0, mA0 1 ki. pR.. .

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(11) zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura anya aacaary| [ 201 zrutakevalI bhadrakAhujI aura anya aacaary| (I0 pU0 473-383) jAsvAmI aMtima kevalI the / inake bAda kevalajJAna-sUrya zrI mayAhajIko isa upadezamai masta hogayA thA; parantu pAMca samaya / munirAja zrutajJAnake pAragAmI vidyamAna rahe the| yaha naMdi, naMdimitra, aparAjita, movardhana aura bhadrabAhu nAmaka the|' naMdike sthAnapara dUsarA nAma viSNu bhI milatA hai| yaha pAMcoM munirAja caudaha pUrva aura bAraha aMgake jJAtA zrI nambUsvAmIke bAda sau varSameM hue batAye gaye haiM aura isa apekSA aMtima zrutakevalI zrI bhadrabAhusvAmI I0 pU0 383 athavA 365 taka saMghAdhIza rahe pragaTa hote haiN| kintu bhaneka zAstroM aura zilAlekhoMse yaha bhadragAhasvAmI maurya samrATa candraguptake samakAlIna pragaTa hote haiN| aura candragupta kA samaya I0 pR. 326-302 mAnA jAtA hai|' mava yadi zrI bhadrabAhusvAmIkA mastitva I0 pU0 383 mA 365 ke bAda na mAnA jAya to vaha candragupta mauryake samakAlIna nahIM hosake haiN| 'upara viDoyapaNNati' jaise prAcIna granthoMse pramANita hai ki magavAna mahAvIranIke nirvANa kAlase 215 varSa ( pAlakavaMza 6. 1-tillopanmati gA0 .2-74 / 2-muvAvatAra kathA pR. // gapati gA. 43-4 / / -jesi mA0, bhA. 1 ki. 1-4 mAna be* pR. 25-40|4-arimoso. bhA. 1 pR. 9

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204] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / varSa+nandavaMza 155) bAda mauryavaMzakA mabhyudaya huA thaa| zvetAMbara paTTAvaliyoMse samrATa candragupta kA vIra nirvANase 219 varSa bAda I0 pU0 326 yA 325 ke navambara mAptameM siMhAsanArUr3ha honA pragaTa hai| isa prakAra candraguptakA rAjyArohaNa kAla jo 326 I0 pU0 anyathA mAnA jAtA hai, vaha jaina zAstroMke anusAra bhI ThIka baiThanA hai / ataeva thI bhadrabAhu svAmIkA mastitva I0 pU0 383 thA 365 ke bAda mAnanA samucita pratIta hotA hai / jaina zAstroMse prakaTa hai ki bhadrabAhusvAmIke hI jIvanakAla meM vizAkhAcArya nAmaka prathama dazapUrvI kA bhI astitva rahA thaa| isa zlokameM digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI saMpradAyake graMthoMse bhadrabAhu aura caMdragupta prAyaH samasAmayika siddha hote haiN| pahileke cAra zrutakevaliyoMke viSayameM digambara jaina zAstroMmeM ____ kucha bhI vizeSa varNana nahIM milatA hai| hAM, bhadrabAhukA critr| bhadrabAhuke viSayameM unameM kaI kathAyeM milatI haiN| zrI hariSeNake 'bRhatkathAkoSa ' ( san 931 ) meM likhA 1-tipa0 gA0 95-96 / 2-Iai0 bhA0 11 pR. 251 / 3-digambara jainapranthose pragaTa hai ki bhadrabAhusvAmI candragupta sahita kaTiparva nAmaka parvatapara raha gaye the aura vizAkhAcAryake AdhipatyameM jainasaMgha coladezako calA gayA thaa| udhara zvetAmbaroMkI bhI mAnyatA hai ki bhadrabAhu apane antima jIvanameM nepAlameM jAkara ekAntavAsa karane * lage the aura sthUlabhadra paTTAdhIza the| (pari0 pR0 87-90) ataH nissaMdeha bhadrabAhujIke jIvanakAla meM hI unake uttarAdhikArI honA aura unakA I. pU. 383 ke bAdataka jIvita rahanA ucita jaMcatA hai| 29 varSa taka ve paTTapara rahe pratIta hote hai aura phira munizAsaka yA upadezaka rUpameM zeSa jIvana vyatIta kiyA vidita hotA hai / 4-jaizisaM0, pR066|

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zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura anya AcArya / [ 205 hai ki pauNDvarDana deza meM devakoTTa nAmaka grAma thA; jisako prAcIna samaya meM 'koTipura' kahate the / yahAM padmaratha rAjA rAjya karatA thA / padmarathakA purohita somazarmA thA / usakI somazrI nAmaka patnIke garbhase bhadrabAhu kA janma huA thA / eka dina jaba bhadrabAhu khela ' rahe the, cauthe zrutavalI govarddhanasvAmI ubara A nikale aura yaha dekhakara ki bhadrabAhu pAMcaveM zrutakevalI hoMge, unhoMne bhadrabAhuke mAtA-pitA kI anumati se unheM apane saMrakSaNa meM le liyA / bhadrabAhu aneka vidyAyoM meM niSNAta paMDita hogaye / ve govarddhana nadIke kinAre eka bAgameM Thahare the / usa samaya ujjainameM jaina zrAvaka caMdragupta rAjA thA aura usakI rAnI suprabhA thI / jisa samaya bhadrabAhumvAmI vahAM nagara meM AhArake liye gaye, to eka ghara meM eka akelA bAlaka pAlane meM par3A rorahA thA, usane bhadrabAhunI se lauTa jAneke liye kahA / isase unane jAna liyA ki usa dezameM bAraha varSakA akAla par3anevAlA hai / yaha jAnakara unane saMghako dakSiNa dezakI ora jAnekI AjJA dI aura svayaM ujjaina ke nikaTa bhadrapAda deza meM jAkara samAdhilIna hogaye / rAjA caMdraguptane bhI akAlakI bAta sunakara bhadrabAhuke nikaTa dIkSA grahaNa kara lI thI / unhIM kA nAma vizAkhAcArya rakkhA gayA thA aura ve saMghAvIza hokara dakSiNakI ora punnATa dezako saMgha legaye the / jaba bAraha varSakA akALa pUrNa huA taba ve saMtrasahita lauTakara madhyadeza meM Agaye the / ' zrI ratnanaMdinIke ' bhadrabAhu cAritra' meM bhI aisA hI varNana hai, paraMtu usameM thor3AsA antara hai / isake anusAra 1- jehi0 bhA0 14 pR0 2176 zrava0 10 27 /

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206 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / samrAT caMdraguptane bhadrabAhusvAmIse solaha svapnoMkA phala pUchA thA; jise sunakara vaha muni hogaye the / bAraha varSakA akAla jAnakara saba dakSiNako cale gaye the / isa cAritra meM bhadrabAhujIko bhI saMghake sahita dakSiNakI ora gayA likhA hai paraMtu mArga meM apanA antasamaya sannikaTa jAnakara unane saMghako coladezakI ora bheja diyA thA aura svayaM caMdragupti munike sAtha vahIM raha gaye the / vahIMpara unakA svargavAsa huA thA | caMdra1 gupti muni kAnyakubjako calA AyA thA / kanar3I bhASA ke do graMtha 'munivaMzAbhyudaya' ( 1680 I0 ) aura " rAjAbalIkathe " (1838 I0) meM bhI bhadrabAhu kA varNana milatA hai / pahile grantha se yaha spaSTa hai ki kevalI bhadrabAhu zramaNabelagolA taka Aye the aura vahAM cikkaveTTa (parvata) para rahe the / eka vyAgha ke AkramaNa se unakA zarIrAnta huA thA / jainAcArya aIhalikI AjJA se dakSiNAcArya bhI yahAM darzana karane Aye the / unakA samAgama candraguptase huA thA, jo yahAM yAtrA ke liye AyA thA / isa granthake anusAra caMdragupta ne dakSiNa AcArya se dIkSA grahaNa kI thI / mAluma aisA hotA hai ki isa granthake racayitAne dvitIya bhadrabAhuko candraguptakA samakAlIna samajhA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vaha aIhUli AcAryakA nAma le rahA hai| kiMtu caMdragupta ke samakAlIna dvitIya bhadrabAhu nahIM hote | unake samaya meM kisI bhI candragupta nAmaka rAjAkA astitva bhAratIya itihAsa meM nahIM milatA / 'rAjAvalI the' meM yaha vizeSatA hai ki usameM caMdragupta pATaliputra kA rAjA pragaTa kiyA gayA hai| &... 1- bharabAhu caritra pR0 31-35 va 49... *

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zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura anya AcArya / anya AcArya / [ 207 vAstavameM mauyyaM sAmrAjyakI do rAjadhAniyAM ujjainI aura pATaliputra prArambhase rahIM haiM / ataeva jaina kathAkAroMne apanI rucike anusAra donoMmeM se eka2kA ullekha samaya 2 para kiyA hai / isa grantha meM candraguptake putrakA nAma siMhasena likhA hai; jise rAjya dekara candragupta muni hogaye the aura bhadrabAhujIke sAtha dakSiNako cale gaye the / eka parvatapara bhadrabAhunI aura candragupta rahe the / zeSa saMgha coladezako calA gayA thA / tAmilabhASA ke " nAlaDiyAra" nAmaka nItikA Thapase bhI dakSiNake pAMDya dezataka isa saMghakA pahuMcanA pramANita hai| isa nItikAvyakI racanA isa saMghake sAdhuoM dvArA huI kahI jAtI hai| pAMDya rAjAne ina jaina sAdhuoMkA bar3A Adara aura satkAra kiyA thA / vaha inake guNoMpara itanA mugdha thA ki usane sahasA unheM uttarArathakI ora jAne nahIM diyA thA / * Aja bhI akaTa jile meM 'tirumala5' nAmaka pavitra jainasthAna uttara bhArata se jainasaMgha AnekI pratyakSa sAkSI derahA hai| yahAMpara parvata ke nIce aneka guphAyeM haiM / eka guphA vidyAmpAsake liye hai, jinameM jambudvIpa Adike nakze bane hue haiM / yaha prasiddha hai ki bhadrabAhuke munisaMghavAle bAraha hajAra muniyoM meM se ATha hajAra muniyaune yahAM Akara vizrAma kiyA thA / pavAra DephuTa lambe caraNacinha usakI prAcInatA svayaM pramANita karate haiN| sacamuca usasamaya aura usase bahuta pahale se cola, pAMDya Adi dezoMna astitva aura unakI rUpati dUra 2 deza dezAMtaroM meM hogaI 14 10 132 / 30-32 / - ahi. mA0 1-0, pR0 3-mameprAjesmA * 10 74 /

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208 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | thI / ' dakSiNa bhArata ke ina dezoMkA vyApAra eka atIva prAcIna kAlase jainadharmakI vyApakatA bhI yahAM 3 deza - videzoM se hotA rahA hai| bhagavAna pArzvanAthajI se pahale kI thI ! ataeva uttara bhAratase jaina saMghakA dakSiNakI ora jAnA eka nizcita aura abhrAMta ghaTanA hai / uparokta caritroM meM yadyapi kiMcit paraspara virodha hai; kiMtu jaina saMghakA dakSiNa ke una sabase yaha pramANita hai ki bhadrabAhuke prasthAna ityAdi / samaya meM jaina saMgha dakSiNako gayA thA aura bAraha varSakA bhISaNa akAla par3A thA / isa bAtapara bhI ve karIba 2 sahamata haiM ki jina bhadrabAhukA ullekha hai, vaha aMtima zrutavalI haiM aura unake ziSya eka rAjA candragupta avazya the, jo ujjainI aura pATaliputra ke adhikArI the arthAt unake yaha do rAjakendra the / yaha caMdragupta isI nAmake prakhyAt maurya samrATa haiM / hAM, isa bAta se hariSeNajI, jo anya kathAkAroM meM sarva prAcIna haiM, sahamata nahIM haiM ki bhadrabAhujI saMghake sAtha dakSiNako gaye the / zvetAMbara mAnyatA ke anusAra bhI unakA dakSiNa meM jAnA prakaTa nahIM hai / usake anusAra bhadrabAhujIkA aMtima jIvana nepAla meM pUrNa huA thA; kiMtu yaha saMzayAtmaka hai ki yaha vahI bhadrabAhu haiM jina bhadrabAhuko vaha nepAla meM gayA likhate haiM / jo ho, uparokta donoM matoM se prAcIna zrRMgApaTamke do zilAlekha isa bAtake sAkSI haiM ki bhadrabAhusvAmI candragupta ke sAtha zrava 1 - kAtyAyana ( I0 pU0 400 ) ko cola, mAhiSmata aura nAvikyakA jJAna thA / pAtajaMli ( I0 pU0 150 ) samapra bhAratako jAnatA thA / 2 - jameso 0 0 bhA0 18/50 308-320 / 3-bhapA0 pR0 234-236 /

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zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura anya AcArya / [ 209 NabeLagoLameM candragiri parvatapara Aye the / inase bhI prAcIna zilAlekha caMdragiripara naM0 31 vAlA hai / usameM bhI ina donoM mahAtmAoM kA ullekha hai|' isa dazA meM bhadrabAhunIkA zravaNabelagola meM pahuMcanA, kucha anokhA nahIM jaMcatA / hariSeNajIne zAyada dUsare bahUkI ghaTanAko inase jor3a diyA hogA; kyoMki pratiSThAnapura ke dvitIya bhadrabAhukA bhAdrapAda dezameM svargavAsa prApta karanA bilkula saMbhava hai / ataeva prathama bhadrabAhunIkA samAdhisthAna zravaNabelagola mAnanA aura unake samayameM hI prathama dazapurvIko rahate svIkAra karanA ucita hai / zvetAMbara saMpradAya ke anumAra zrI jambUsvAmIke uparAMta eka prabhava nAmaka mahAnubhAva unake uttarAdhikArI zvetAmbara paTTAvalI | aura prathama zrutakevalI huye the / yaha vahI / cora the, jinane abuddha hokara zrI jambUsvAmIke sAtha dIkSA grahaNa kI thI / zvetAMbaroMne prabhavako jayapura ke rAjAkA putra likhA hai, jo bacapana se hI uddaNDa thA / rAjAne usakI uddaNDatA se dukhI hokara apane deza se nikAla diyA thA aura vaha rAjagRha meM caurya karma karake jIvana vyatIta karatA thA / digambara jaina granthoMne bhI vidyuccara corako eka rAjAkA putra likhA hai / kintu use ve jambUsvAmIkA uttarAdhikArI nahIM batAte haiN| samajhameM nahIM AtA ki jaba diga mbara aura zvetAmbara bhedarUpa dIvAlakI jar3a bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI ke samaya meM par3I thI, taba unake pahile huye zrutakevaliyoM kI gaNanA meM 2 1-atra0, pR0 33-34 / 2- pari0, pR0 42 - 50 vA0, vIra0, mA0 1 pR0 3 / 3-upu0, pR0 703 / ir

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210 saMkSipta jaina itihaas| donoM sampradAyoMmeM kyoM matabheda hai ? jo ho, zvetAmbara sampradAyameM prathama zrutakevalI prabhava haiN| vaha cavAlIsa varSataka sAmAnya muni rahe the aura unane gyAraha varSataka paTTAdhIza padapara vyatIta kiye the| unane rAjagRha ke vatsagotrI yajurvedIya yajJAraMbha karanevAle ziyyaMbhava nAmaka brAhmagako prabuddha kiyA thA aura vahI inakA uttarAdhikArI humA thaa| zrI prabhavasvAmIne 85 varSa kI avasthAmai vIra ni0 saM0 75 meM mukta pada pAyA thaa| zrI zivyaMbhava aTThAisa varSakI umara meM jaina muni huye the / gyAraha varSataka prabhavasvAmIke ziSya rahakara vaha paTTapara mArUr3ha huye the / teIsa varSataka yugapradhAna pada bhogakara 62 varSakI avasthAmeM vIra ni0 saM0 98 meM svargavAsI huye the| inane apane chai varSake bAlaka putrako dIkSita kiyA thA aura usake liye dazavakAlikasUtrakI racanA kI thii| inake uttarAdhikArI zrI yazobhadra nI the| yaha tUMgI kAyana gotrake the aura gRhasthImeM bAIsa varSataka rahakara jaina muni huye the| chattIsa varSake huye taba yaha paTTAdhikArI hokara pacAsa varSataka isa padapara vibhUSita rahe the / vIranirvANase ekaptau vyAlIsa varSoM ke bAda yaha tIsare zrutakevahI svargavAsI huye the| inake uttarAdhikArI zrI saMmUtivinayasUri the jinake gurubhAI zrI bhadravAhu svAmI the| isa prakAra zvetAmbara cauthe aura pAMcaveM zrutakevaliyoM ko samakAlIna pragaTa karate haiN| vaha kahate haiM ki saMbhRtivijayasari to paTTAdhIza the aura bhadrabAhusvAmI gacchakI sArasaMbhAla karanevAle the / saMmUti 1-jesA bhA0 1 vIravaM0 pR. 3 va pari0 pR. 54... / 2-sA bhA0 1 vIravaM0 pR0 4 va pari0 pR. 58 / .

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zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura anya AcArya / [ 211 vijaya mAdura gotrake the| jaba ve 42 varSake the, taba unane munidIkSA grahaNa kI thI / 86 varSakI umara meM vaha yugapradhAna huye the aura kevala ATha varSa isa padapara rahakara vI0 ni0 saM0 196 meM svargavAsI huye the / ' saMbhUti vijayake svargavAsI honepara bhadrabAhusvAmI saMghAdhIza zvetAmbara zAstroMmeM hue the / jaba vaha bayAlIsa varSa ke the, taba zrI. zrI bhadrabAhu / yazobhadrasUrine unako jaina munikI dIkSA dI thI / yazobhadrakI unhoMne 17 varSa taka ziSyavat sevA kI thI / phira vaha yuganaghAna hue the aura isa padapara caudaha varSataka AsIna rahe the / vIra nirvANase 170 varSa bAda unakA svargavAsa huA thA unake uttarAdhikArI sthUlabhadra hue the / digambara aura zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke anusAra yadyapi zrutake valiyoMkI nAmAvalI meM paraspara mantara hai; kintu vaha donoM hI bhadrabAhuko aMtima zrutakevalI svIkAra karate haiM / vetAMbara kevala inhIM eka bhadrabAhu kA ullekha karate haiM aura inheM prasiddha jyotiSI varAhamihirakA bhAI vyakta karate haiM / unake anusAra inakA janmasthAna dakSiNa bhAratakA pratiSThAnapura hai / 1- pUrva pramANa / 2- sA0 bhA0 1 vIravaM0 pra0 5 va pari0 pR0 87 / yadyapi hemacandrAcArthane vIra nirvANase 170 varSa bAda bhadrabAhUkA svargavAsa huA likhA hai, parantu vaha ThIka nahIM pratIta hotA; jaise ki pahile likhA jAcukA hai / unane svayaM unakA svargavAsa maurya samrAT vindusArakA varNana kara cukane para likhA hai / digambara matame vIra ni0 se 162 varSame kevaliyoM kA honA likhA hai| isase bhI yahI bhAga liyA jAtA hai ki isa samaya meM hI madrabAhu kA svargavAsa hogayA thA; kintu yaha mAnanA ThIka nahIM jaMvatA / isa samaya vaha saMghanAyaka paise vilaga hogaye hoge

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212] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / aura vaha inakA gotra prAcIna batalAte haiM; jo bilakula azrutapUrva hai aura usakA svayaM unake granthoM meM anyatra kahIM patA nahIM calatA hai|' varAhamihirakA mastitva I0sanke prArambhase pramANita hai| isa avasthAmeM zvetAMbaroMkI mAnyatAke anusAra bhadrabAhukA samaya bhI jyAdAse jyAdA IsvIke prArambhameM ThaharatA hai; jo sarvathA asaMbhava hai| mAlUma aisA hotA hai ki prathama bhadrabAhu aura dvitIya bhadrabAhu donoMko eka vyakti mAnakara dvitIya bhadrabAhukI jIvana ghaTanAoMko prathama bhahubAhuke jIvanameM jA ghuser3anekI bhArI bhUla karate haiM / 'kalpasUtra' inhIM bhadrabAhukA racA kahA jAtA hai / AvazyakasUtra, uttarAdhyayanasutra, AdikI niruktiyAM bhI inhIMkI likhIM mAnI jAtI haiM; kiMtu vaha bhI I0ke prArambhameM hue bhadrabAhukI racanAyeM pragaTa hotI haiM, jaise ki mahAmahopAdhyAya DA. satIzacaMdra vidyAbhUSaNa mAnate haiN| mAlUma yaha hotA hai ki zvetAmbaroMko yA to bhadrabAhu zrutakevalIkA vizeSa paricaya jJAta nahIM thA athavA vaha jAnabUjhakara unakA varNana nahIM karanA cAhate haiN| kyoMki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhune usa saMghameM bhAga aura phira upadezaka rUpameM rahe hoNge| zve. mAnyatAse unakI Ayu 126 varSa pragaTa hai / yadi unheM 40 varSakI umnameM AcArya pada milA mAneM to 65 varSakI AyumeM ve AcArya padase alaga huye pragaTa hote haiN| zeSa Ayu unane munivata vitAI thI aura isa kAlameM ve caMdraguptakI sevAko pA sake : 1-jaisAsaM0 bhA0 1 vIra paM0 pR. 5 va pari0 pR0 58 / 2-usU0 bhUmikA pR0 13 / 3-DaoN. satIzacaMdra vidyAbhUSaNane isvI prArambhame barAhamihirakA astItva mAnA hai (jaihi0 bhA0 8 10 532) kintu karna AdI chaThI zatAbdIkA mAnate haiM / 4-hiSTI Apha meDibila iNDIyana lAjika, naihi* bhA0 8 pR. 532 / /

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zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura anya aacaary| [213 nahIM liyA thA, jisako zvetAmbarAcArya sthUlabhadrane ekatra kiyA thaa| 'zrI saMghake bulAnepara bhI ve pATaliputrako nahIM Aye jisake kAraNa zrI saMghane unheM saMghabAhya kara denekI bhI dhamakI dI thii|'* isake viparIta digambara jainI bhadrabAhu zrutakevalIkA varNana bar3e gaurava aura mahatvazAlI rItise vizeSa rUpameM karate haiN| zvetAM. baroMne unako prAcIna gotrakA batalAkara digambara mAnyatAkI puSTi kI hai; jo nigraMtha ( nagna ) rUpakA bhadrabAhuke samAna mArSamArgakA anugAmI hai| khetAMbaroMne sthUlamadrakI adhyakSatA svIkAra karake sabastra bheSako mokSaliGga mAnA hai aura purAtana niyamoM evaM kriyAoM meM aMtara DAla liyA hai / basa kaha prAcIna 'bhadrabAhu' ko vizeSa mAnyatA na dete huye bhI apane aMga graMthoM aura bhASyoMko purAtana aura prAmANika siddha karaneke liye aura IsvIsana ke prArambhavAle bhadrabAhuko prAcIna bhadrabAhu vyakta karane ke mAvase, kevala unhIMkA varNana karate haiN| dusare bhannAhuke viSamameM vaha ekadama cupa ho jAte haiM, kiMtu vaha apane mApa unako varAhamihirakA samakAlIna batAkara unakI arvAcInatA spaSTa kara dete haiN| 1-usa. mRmikA, pR0 14 / * pari* va avisaM0 pR. 67 / 2-eka baina pAvalI meM eka tIsare madanA kA ullekha hai aura unakA samaya IsavIko prArambhika zatAbdiyA hai| unake eka ziSya dvArA zvetAM. vara saMpradAyahI usatti honA likhA hai| saMbhava hai, zvetAMboke dvitIya bhatrabAhu rahI ho; nimakA patA nahIM hai / (Iai0 mA0 21 pR058) samAha* pR. 24-25 /

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214] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuke jIvanakI sabase bar3I ghaTanA uttara jaina saMghameM bheda- bhAratameM ghora duSkAla par3anekI banahase jainasaMghake sthaapnaa| dakSiNa bhAratakI ora gamana karanekI hai / isa ghaTanAkA aMtima pariNAma yaha huA thA ki jaina saMghake do bhedoMkI jar3a isI samaya par3a gaI / bAraha varSakA akAla jAnakara zrI vizAkhAcAryakI adhyakSatAmeM saMpUrNa saMgha dakSiNako gayA, kiMtu sthUlabhadra aura unake kucha sAthI pATaliputra meM hI raha gaye the| ghora duSkAlake vikarAla kAlameM ye pATaliputravAle jaina muni prAcIna kriyAyoMko pAlana karane meM asamartha rahe / unhoMne bhApadUrUpameM kiMcita vastra bhI grahaNa kara liye aura muniyoMko agrAhya bhojana bhI ve svIkAra karane lage the| jisa samaya vizAkhAcAryakI pramukhatAvAlA dakSiNa dezako gayA humA saMgha subhikSa honepara uttarApathakI ora lauTakara AyA aura usane pIche rahe huye sthUlabhadrAdi muniyoMkA zithilarUpa dekhA to gahana kaSTakA anubhava kiyaa| vizAkhAcAryane sthUlabhadrAdise prAyazcitta lekara punaH ArSa mArgapara AjAnekA upadeza diyA; kiMtu honIke sira, unakI yaha sIkha kisIko pasaMda na AI / sthUlabhadrakI adhyakSatAmeM rahanevAlA saMgha apanA svAdhIna rUpa banA baiThA aura vaha purAtana mUla saMghase prathak hogayo / yahI saMgha kAlAMtarameM zvetAMba 1-zrava0 39-40; usU0 bhUmikA pR0 15-16 va aii jai0 pR. 9-10 meM zve0 bidvAna zrI pUrNacandra nAharane bhI yahI likhA hai / hArNale va lyumana pA0 bhI isa kathAko mAnyatA dete haiM (Vienna oriental gournol, VII, 382 va iMai. 2159-6. /

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__ zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura anya aacaary| [215 rAmnAyake rUpameM parivartita huaa| jaise ki agAr3I likhA gayA hai| jipta purAtana saMghake pradhAna pahile 'prAcIna' bhadrabAhu the aura phira unake uttarAdhikArI vizAkhAcArya huye, vaha apane sanAtana svarU. pameM rahA aura ArSa rItiyoM kA pAlana karatA rahA / yahI Ajakala digambara sampradAyake nAmase vikhyAt hai| sthUlabhadrAdikA saMgha, naba mUlasaMghase pRthak hogayA; to prAkRta ... use apane dharmazAstroMko nirdiSTa karanekI zrutajJAnakI vikssipti| '' AvazyaktA huii| duSkAlakI bhayaMkaratAmeM zrutajJAna chinnabhinna hogayA thA / bhadrabAhuke samaya taka to janasaMgha eka hI thA; kintu unake bAda hI jo usameM ukta prakAra do bheda huye; jisake kAraNa zrutajJAnakA punaruddhAra honA anivArya humA / digambara jainoM kA mata hai ki isa samaya samasta dvAdazAMga jJAna lupta hogayA thaa| kevala daza pUrvoke jAnakAra raha gaye the| kintu zvetAM. baroM kI mAnyatA hai ki pATaliputra meM jo saMgha ekatrita humA thA aura nisameM bhadrabAhune bhAga nahIM liyA thA, usane samasta zrutajJAnakA saMzodhita saMskaraNa taiyAra kara liyA. thaa| sthUlabhadne pUrvokA jJAna svayaM bhadrabAhusvAmIse prApta kiyA thA; kintu unako aMtima cAra pUrva manyoMko par3hAne kI AjJA nahIM thii| isa prakAra gyAraha aGga aura daza pUrvakA uddhAra zvetAMbaroMne kara liyA thA; kintu unake ye anya di. nainoMko mAnya nahIM the| unakA vizvAsa thA ki purAtana aMga va pUrva graMtha naSTa hocuke haiN| kevaLa daza pUrvokA jJAna zrI vizAkhAcArya evaM unake daza paramparINa uttarAdhikAriyoM ko smRtimeM zeSa rahA thaa| digambara jainoMkI isa

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / mAnyatAkI puSTi janasamrAT khAravelake hAthIguphAvAle prAcIna zilAlekhase bhI hotI hai jisameM likhA hai ki zrutajJAna mauryakAlameM lupta hogayA thA, usakA punaruddhAra karaneke liye samrAT khAravelane RSiyoM kI eka sabhA bulAI thI aura usameM avazeSa upalabdha bhaGga graMthoMkA saMgraha karake zruta viccheda honese bacA liyA gayA thaa| yaha samaya aMtima daza pUrvoke aMtima jIvanakAlake lagabhaga baiThatA hai aura isake bAda digambara jainoMke bhanumAra gyAraha aMgadhArI muniyoM kA astitva milatA hai| yadyapi bhainazAstroMmeM samrATa khAravela aura unake uparokta prazasta kAryakA ullekha kahIM nahIM hai, kintu ukta prakAra dazapUrviyoMke bAda gyAraha aMgaghAriyoMkA astitva mAnakara avazya hI digambara jaina mAnyatA isa bAtakA samarthana karatI hai ki isa samaya aMga graMthoMkA uddhAra kinhIM mahAnubhAvoM hArA huA thA / isa dazAmeM zvetAmbara saMpradAyake matapara vizvApta karanA jarA kaThina haino dRSTiva da aMgake atirikta zeSa samUce zrutajJAnakA astitva Aja bhI mAnatA hai| zvetAMbara granthoMmeM sthUlabhadrako aMtima nandarAjAke maMtrI zakatAmbarAcArya DAlakA putra likhA hai| nisa samaya zikSA pAkara, sthuulbhdr| yaha gharako lauTe to unake pitAne unheM eka vezyAke supurda kara diyaa| usake pAsa rahakara sthUlabhadra duniyAdArIke kAmoMmeM dakSatA pAne lge| vezyAke yahAM rahate huye bahuta samaya vyatIta hogayA aura isameM dhana bhI bahuta kharca humaa| inake choTe bhAI zrIyakako apane pitAkI yaha lAparavAhI pasaMda na bhaaii| 1-javioso, bhA0 13 pR. 236 /

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zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura anya aacaary| [217 usane pitAke jIvanakA anta karanA hI ucita smjhaa| sthUlabhadrako isa ghaTanAse saMvegakA anubhava huA aura vaha tIsa varSakI avasthAmeM muni hogye| cauvIsa varSataka unhoMne zrI saMmUtivinayakI sevA kI aura unase caudaha pUrvoko sunakara, unane dazapUrvokA artha grahaNa kiyaa| saMbhRtivijayake uparAMta ve yugapradhAna padake adhikArI haye aura isa padapara 45 varSa rhe|' vIranirvANa saM0 215 meM svargalAbha humA kahA jAtA hai| inhIMke samayameM arthAt vIra ni0 saM0 214meM tIsarA nihanva (saMghabheda) upasthita huA kahA jAtA hai / yaha aSAr3ha nAmaka vyakti dvArA svetikA nagarImeM ghaTita humA thA; kiMtu vaha mauryabalabhadra dvArA rAjagRhameM sanmArga para le AyA gayA likhA hai| 1-jaisAsaM0, bhA0 1 vIra pR0 5-6; kintu zvetAMbaroM kI dUsarI mAnyatAke anusAra sthUlabhadrane daza pUrvo kA artha bhadrabAhusvAmIse grahaNa kiyA thA aura vaha unake bAda hI paTapara Aye hoge| zvetAMbarokA yaha bhI mana pravaTa letA hai| sthalagada maMtima atakeMpalI the; kiMtu nasatI mAyAse madrabAhubA aMtima mukkevalI honA pragara hai| (sU0 bhUmikA ~ pa. .. remAsAne rAyokI pala maSanAme 60 varSakI bhUla ne hai; isI kAraNa po. ni. 115 meM spRlamaikA aMtima samaya pragaTa kiyA gayA hai| 2-iMai* mA0 11 pR0 335 /

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218 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / maurya saamraajy| (I0 pUrva0 326-188) sikandara mahAna ke AkramaNake bAda magadhakA rAjya nandavaMzake .. hAthase jAtA rahA thA / brAhmaNa cANikyake candragupta mAya / sahayogase caMdragupta nAmaka eka vyakti magadhakA rAnA huA thA / jaba I0 pUrva 326 akTUbarako sikandara mahAn paMjAbase vApipta huA, usa samaya magadhameM nandarAjA rAjya kara rahA thA / kintu isake eka mahIne bAda arthAt I0 pUrva 326 ke navambara mAsameM candraguptane magadha ke rAjyapara apanA adhikAra jamA liyA thaa| yadyapi yaha nizcaya nahIM hai ki candraguptane pahile paMjAba vijaya kiyA thA yA magadhako apane adhikArameM kara liyA thaa| kintu mAlUma hotA hai ki usane pahile paMjAbako apanA mitra banA liyA thA aura usakI sahAyatAse magadha jItA thaa| yunAnI lekhakoMke kathanase sikandarake lauTate samaya candraguptakA paMjAbameM honA pramANita hai / sikandara kArminiyAmeM thA, taba hI bhAratavAsiyoMne usake yUnAnI subedAra philipsakI jIvanalIlA usa samayameM hI samApta karake apanI svAdhInatAkA bIja bo liyA thaa| 'mudrArAkSasa' meM jisa rAjA pavartakakI hatyA honekA bakhAna hai vaha yahI philipsa thaa| isa ghaTanAmeM avazya hI caMdraguptakA hAtha thA / isaprakAra paMjAbavAsiyoMne candraguptake nimittase apaneko videzI yunA- 1-jabiomo0 bhAga 1 pR0 112...parvatakakI samAnatA yu darzAI gaI hai-parvataka-paravao-piravao-philipposa /

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maury-saamraajy| [219 niyoM kI parAdhInatAse mukta hotA jAnakara usakA pUrA sAtha diyA thA aura vaha unakI sahAyatAse magadhakA rAjA banagayA thA / yaha caMdragupta kauna thA ? isa praznakA uttara khojane meM hamArA - dhyAna sarva prathama mudrArAkSasa nATakake TokA. candragupta kauna thA ? ' kArake kathanapara jAtA hai| usane 'vRSala' zabdake AdhArapara apanI TIkAmeM likhA hai ki 'nandavaMzake aMtima rAnAkI vRSala (zUdra) jAtikI muga nAmaka rAnIse candragupta utpanna humA aura apanI mAtAke nAmase maurya khlaayaa| basa, isako par3hakara IsavI dvitIya zatAbdike yUnAnI lekhakoM evaM anya vidvAnoMne mAna liyA ki candragupta murA nAmakI zUdA strIkI kuMkhase janmA thA, isaliye usakA nAma maurya pdd'aa| kintu isa mAnyatAmeM tathya tanika bhI nahIM hai| saMskRta vyAkaraNake anusAra murAkA putra 'maureya' kahalAyagA, na ki maurya ! cANakyane jarUra candragupta ke prati sambodhanameM 'vRSala' zabdakA prayoga kiyA hai kintu usakA artha zUdra na hokara magaSakA rAnA honA ucita hai; jaise ki koSakAra batalAte haiN| azokake liye 'devAnAM priya' sambodhana bahu prayukta humA hai kintu usako sAdhAraNa (maryAta mUrkha) arthameM koI grahaNa nahIM krtaa| 1-'kalpAdo nandanAmAna: kecidAnmahIbhujaH // 23 // sarvArthasidinAmAsItteSu vikhyAtapauruSaH... // 24 // rAzaH patnI sunandAsIjjyeSThAnyA vRSalAtmanA / murAkhyA sA priyA martuH zIvalAvaNyavaMpadA // 25 // murA prastaM tanayaM mauryAkhyaM guNavattaraM.... 31 // 2-rAha* mA0 1 pR. 59 va apa. pR. 6-0 / 3-hemacandAcAryakA hemakoSa dekho|

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220] ' saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / isI prakAra vRSalakA sAdhAraNa artha grahaNa karanA anucita hai| phira yaha asaMbhava hai ki cANakyake samAna samajhadAra vyakti, apane usa kRpAbhAjanake prati aise kSudra zabdakA prayoga kara use lajita kare, jo eka bar3e sAmrAjyakA yogya zAsana thA aura jisakI bhrakuTi jarA Ter3hI honepara kisIko apane prANa bacAnA durbhara hojAtA thaa| phira cANakya to svayaM likhatA hai ki durbala rAnAko bhI na kucha samajhanA bhUla hai| asala bAta yaha hai ki cANakya 'vRSala' zabdakA vyavahAra Adara rUpameM-magadhake rAjAke artha meM-isaliye karatA thA ki isase usake usa prayatnakA mahattva pragaTa hotA thA jo usane candraguptako magadhakA rAjA banAnemeM kiyA thA aura isakI smRti usake AnandakA kAraNa honA prAkRta ThIka hai / mudrArAkSasake brAhmaNa TIkAkArane sAmpradAyika dveSavaza candraguptako zUdanAta likha mArA hai; varan svayaM hindU purANoM meM caMdraguptake zUdra hone kA koI patA nahIM caratA hai| 'viSNupurANa' meM unako nandendu arthAt 'naMda-caMdra' (gupta), bhaviSyapurANameM 'maurya-naMda' aura bauddhoMke 'divyAvadAna' meM kevala "nanda' likhA hai| ina ullekhoMse caMdraguptakA kucha saMbaMdha naMdavaMzase pragaTa hotA hai / koI vidvAn 'mudrArAkSasa' se bhI yaha saMbaMdha pragaTa hotA likhate haiM; kintu ina ullekhoMse bhI candraguptakA zUdrAnAta 1-"durbalo'pi rAjAnAvamantavyaH nAstyagne daurbalyam / ' 2-adhaH pR0 6 hiDAva0 pari0 pR. 71...aura rAi* mA0 . pR. 60-61 bhAi0 pR. 62 / 3-jabioso0 bhA0 1 pR. 116 phuTanoTa / 4-hiDAva., bhUmikA pR0. 11-1 va adha0 pR0 7 /

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maurya sAmrAjya / [ 221. honA siddha nahIM hai / jaina lekhaka to spaSTa rIti se candraguptako kSatriya kahate haiM / ' hemacandrAcAyane 'mayUrapoSaka ' grAmake netAkI putrIko candraguptakI mAtA likhA hai| kiMtu isase bhAva 'mora pAlanevAle' ke lagAnA anyAya hai / pratyuta isa ullekhase purANoM ke uparokta ullekhoM kA spaSTIkaraNa huA dRSTi par3atA hai / saMbhavataH naMda rAjAkI eka rAnI mayUrapoSaka dezake netA kI putrI thI aura usIse candragupta kA janma huA thA / jaba zUdrAjAta mahApadmane naMda rAjyapara Adhipatya jamA liyA to candragupta apanI nanasAlameM jAkara rahane lagA ho to asaMgata hI kyA hai ? vahIM para cANakyakI usase bheTa huI hogI / jaina zAstroMmeM eka mauryArUya dezakA astitva mahAvIrasvAmIse pahalekA milatA hai | vahAMke eka kSatriya putra - mauryaputra bhagavAna ke ki0 4 pR0 19; bhAi0 62 va rAi0 - jaisibhA0 bhA0 bhAga 1 pR0 60 / 2- mayUra poSakapra. me tasmiMzca caNinandanaH / prAvizatkaNabhikSArtha parivrAjakaveSabhRt // 230 // mayUrapoSaka gaTatarasya duhitustadA / abhudApannasattrAyaH bandrapAnAya dohadaH // 231 // -8 // ' ityAdi / zrI hemacandra ke isa kathana se candraguptako 'moroko pAlanevAlekI kanyAkA putra' likhanA ThIka nahIM hai; jaba ki vaha grAmakA nAma mayUra : poSaka likha rahe hai / mi0 varodiyA (hilije0 pR0 44 ) aura unake anusAra mi. vela ( hiAi0 pR0 66) ne 'mayUrapoSaka' kA zabdArthaM hI pragaTa kiyA hai| 3-DaoN0 bimalAcaraNa aeN0 nandarAjAkA vivAha pippalivana ke moriya (maurya) kSatriyoM kI rAjakumArIse huA samajhate hai| dekho kSatrIlensa0 pR0 205 /

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222] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| gaNadhara bhI the| udhara 'mahAvaMza' nAmaka bauddha graMthase pragaTa hI hai ki 'candragupta himAlaya parvatake AsapAsake eka dezakA, jo pippalivanameM thA aura mora pakSiyoMkI adhikatAke kAraNa maurya rAjya kahalAtA thA, eka kSatriya rAjakumAra thaa| hemacandrAcAryakA mayUrapoSaka grAma, digambara jainoMkA mauryAkhya deza aura bauddhoMke moriya (maurya) kSatriyoMkA pippalivanavAlA pradeza eka hI pratIta hote haiM aura isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki candragupta isa dezakI apekSA hI maurya kahalAtA thA / aisA hI maikakrinDalakA lekha hai| candraguptakA bAlyajIvana mauryAkhyadezakI apekSA adhikatara candraguptakA bAlya. magadhadezamai vyatIta huA thaa| taba moriya jIvana / (maurya) kSatriyoMkI rAjadhAnI pippalIvana thii| ina logoMmeM bhI usa samaya gaNarAjya praNAlIke DhaMgapara rAjya prabaMdha hotA thaa| yahI kAraNa pratIta hotA hai ki hemacaMdrAcAryane mayUrapoSaka dezake eka netAkA ullekha kiyA hai| unake use vahAMkA rAjA nahIM likhA hai / kintu mahApadma nandane inheM bhI apane mAdhIna banA liyA thA aura eka maurya kSatrI unakA senApati bhI rahA thA; yadyapi antameM unhoMne use aura usakI santAnako maravA DAlA thaa| mahApadmake AdhIna rahate huye maurya kSatrI sukhI nahIM rahe the| candraguptake bhI prANa sadaiva saMkaTameM rahate the; kyoMki naMda rAjAko usase svabhAvataH bhaya honA anivArya thA; kiMtu caMdraguptakI vidhavA mAtAne unakI rakSA bar3I tatparatAse kI 1-vRjeza0 pR0 7 / 2-mahAvaMza-TIkA (siMhalIyAvRtti) pR0 119... / 3-bhAi0 pR. 62 / 4-jaisimA0 bhA0 1ki0 4 pR. 21 /

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maurya sAmrAjya / [223 thii| phalataH jisasamaya caMdragupta yuvAvasthAmeM padArpaNa kara rahe the, usasamaya unakA samAgama cANakyase huA, jo naMdarAnA dvArA apamAnita hokara usase apanA badalA cukAnekI dRr3ha pratijJA kara cukA thaa| cANakyake sAtha rahakara caMdragupta zastra-zAstrameM pUrNa dakSa hogayA aura vaha deza-videzoMmeM bhaTakatA phirA thA, isase usakA anubhava bhI khuba bar3hA thA / jo ho, isase yaha prakaTa hai ki candragupta kA prAraMbhIka jIvana bar3A hI zocanIya tathA vipattipUrNa thaa| nisasamaya caMdragupta magadha ke rAjya siMhAsanapara mArUr3ha huye rAja-tilaka aura usa samaya vaha paccIsa varSake eka yuvaka the| __ rAjyavRddhi / unakI isa yuvAvasthA kA vIrocina aura bhArata hitakA anupama kArya yaha thA ki unhoMne apane dezako videzI yUnAniyoMkI parAdhInatAse chur3A diyaa| sacamuca candraguptake aise hI dezahita sambandhI kArya use bhAratake rAjanaitika raMgamaMcapara eka pratiSThita mahAvIra aura saMsArake FmrAToMkI prathama zreNIkA samrATa pragaTa karate haiM / 'yogyatA, vyavasthA, vIratA aura sainya saMcAlanameM candragupta na kevala apane samaya meM advitIya thA, varan saMsArake itihAsameM bahuta thor3e aise zAsaka huye haiM, jinako usake barAbara kahA nAsaktA hai| magadha ke rAjya prApta karane ke sAtha hI naMda rAnAkI virAT senA usake AdhIna huI thii| candragupta ne usa vipulavAhinIkI vRddhi kI thii| usakI sena.me tIsa hajAra ghur3asavAra, nau hamAra hAthI, cha lAkha padala aura bahusaMkhyaka ratha the| aisI durgava - 1-cauboke 'artha vyAkoSa meM bhI yaha ullekha hai / jaisi bhA0 pUrva pR. 21 / 2-lAmAha0, mA0 pR. 141 / 3-ahita. pR0 124 / Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ___www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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224] saMkSipta jaina, itihaas| senAkI sahAyatAse usane samasta uttara bhAratake rAjAoMko jIta liyA thaa| usake siMhAsanArUr3ha honeke pahale uttarI bhAratameM hI choTe 2 bahutase rAjA the, jo ApatameM lar3A karate the| dhIre dhIre candraguptane una sabako apane adhikArameM kara liyA aura usake sAmrAjyakA vistAra baMgAlakI khAr3Ise bharaba-samudra taka hogayA / isa prakAra " vaha zRGkhalAbaddha aitihAsika yugakA pahalA rAjA hai, jise bhArata samrAT kaha sakate haiN|" mahIsura prAMtakI arvAcIna mAnyatAoMse pragaTa hai ki usa _ prAMtapara naMdavaMzakA bhI adhikAra thA / yadi yaha dkssinn-vijy| bAta ThIka mAnI jAya to naMdavaMzake uttarAdhikArI candragupta mauryakA adhikAra bhI ina dezoMmeM honA yuktisaMgata hai / tAmila bhASAke prAcIna sAhityameM anekoM ullekha haiM, jinase spaSTa hai ki mauryone dakSiNa bhAratapara AkramaNa kiyA thA aura usameM ve saphala huye the| kintu isase yaha nizcaya pUrvaka nahIM kahA jA saktA ki dakSiNa bhAratakI yaha vijaya caMdragupta maurya dvArA hI huI thI athavA usake putra aura uttarAdhikArI bindusArane dakSiNa pradeza apane AdhIna kiyA thA / parantu yaha vidita hai ki candraguptakA pautra azoka jaba siMhAsana para baiThA, taba yaha dakSiNa deza usake sAmrAjyameM zAmila thaa| jaina mAnyatAke anusAra candraguptakA sAmrAjya dakSiNa bhArata taka honA pramANita hai|' 1-bhAi0 pR. 62 / 2-oNhii0 pR0 74 / 3-zravaNa pR0 38 / 4-mamaiprAjaismA0 pR. 205 va jarAeso0; 1928, pR. 135 /

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maurya sAmrAjya | [ 225 jisasamaya candragupta bhAratameM ukta prakAra eka zaktizAlI silyUkasa nAike- kendrika zAsana sthApita karane meM saMlagna thA, Tara se yuddha | usI samaya pazcimIya madhya aiziyA meM sikaMdara mahAnkA silyUkasa nAikeTara nAmaka eka senApati apanA adhikAra jamAne kA prayAsa kara rahA thaa| usane bar3I saphalatA se siriyA, eziyA mAinara aura pUrvIya pradezoMko hastagata kara liyA thA / usane bhAratako bhI phirase jItanA cAhA aura 305 I0 pU0 meM sindhu nadI pAra kara AyA / candraguptakI ajeya senAne usakA sAmanA kiyA | pahilI hI muThabher3ameM silyUkasakI senA pichar3a gaI aura use dabakara saMdhi kara lenI pdd'ii| isa saMdhi ke anusAra siMdhu nadIke pazcimI mUtra - vilocistAna aura aphagAnistAnako caMdragupta ne apane rAjya meM milA liyA / silyUkasa 500 hAthI lekara saMtuSTa hogayA | usane apanI beTI bhI candraguptako vyAha dii| isa vijaya se caMdragupta kA gaurava aura mAna videzoM meM bar3ha gayA / silyUkasakA dUta usake rAjadarabAra meM Akara rahane lagA aura usake samparka se bhAratakA mahatvazAlI paricaya aura tAtvika jJAna videziyoM ko huA / pairaMdo (Pyrrho ) nAmaka eka yUnAnI tatvavettA 1 jaina zramaNoM se zikSA grahaNa karaneke liye yahAM calA AyA aura vyApArakI bhI khUba unnati huI / candraguptake isa sAmrAjya vistAra ke apUrva kArya aura phira use vyavasthita bhAvase eka sUtra meM bAMdha rakhanese usakI adabhuta tenastritA, tatparatA aura buddhimattA kA paricaya milatA hai / sAdhAraNa avasthA se uThakara vaha eka mahAn samrAT 1-bhAi0 pR0 62-63 / 2- higlI0 pR0 42 va lAma0 pR0 34 / 15

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226 ) saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / hogayA, yaha usake adamya puruSArtha aura karmaThatAkA pramANapatra hai| silyUkasakI orase jo dUta maurya darabArameM AyA thA, vaha megAsthanIja nAmase vikhyAt thA / vaha kaI zAsana-prabandha / - varSAMtaka candraguptake darabArameM rahA thA aura bar3A vidvAn thaa| usane usasamayakA pUrA vRtAnta likhA hai| vaha candraguptako yogya aura tejasvI zAsaka batalAtA hai / usake vRttAMta evaM kauTilyake arthazAstrase candraguptake zAsana-prabandha aura upta samayakI sAmAjika sthitikA acchA patA calatA hai| rAjyakA zAsana paMcAyatoM dvArA hotA thA; yadyapi pratyeka prAnta bhinna 2 gavarnaroMke mAdhIna thaa| ina prAMtika adhikAriyoM ko chai paMcAyatoM dvArA rAjyaprabandha karanA par3atA thA / 'eka paMcAyata prajAke janmamaraNakA hisAba rakhatI thii| dUsarI Taiksa yAnI cuMgI vasula karatI thii| tIsarI dastakArIkA prabaMdha karatI thii| cauthI videzIya logoMkI dekhabhAla karatI thii| pAMcavIM vyApArakA prabaMdha karatI thii| aura chaThI dastakArIkI cIjoMke vikrayakA prabaMdha karatI thii| kucha videzIya loga bhI pATaliputra meM rahate the| unakI suvidhAke liye alaga niyama banA diye gaye the|" pATaliputra upta samaya eka bar3A samRddhizAlI nagara thaa| aura . vaha maurya samrATkI rAjadhAnI thii| taba yaha nagara rAjadhAna / '' sona aura gaMgAke saMgamapara 9 mIlakI lambAI aura 13 mIla caur3AI meM batA thaa| isaprakAra vaha vartamAna paTanAkI taraha laMbA, saMkIrNa aura samAMtara-caturbhunAkAra thaa| usake cAroM ora 1-bhAi0 pR. 63 /

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maurya sAmrAjya / [227 eka lakar3IkI dIvAra thii| isameM 64 phATaka aura 570 mInAra ye / isake bAhara 200 gana caur3I aura 15 gana gaharI khAI thI, no sonake jalase bharI rahatI thii| vartamAna paTanA nagarake nIce yaha prAcIna pATaliputra tupA par3A hai| bAMkIpurake nikaTameM khudAI karanese caMdragupta ke rAnaprAptAdakA kucha aMza milA hai| yaha rAnabhavana bhI lakar3IkA banA humA thA, paraMtu sanadhana aura suMdaratAmeM kisI rAjamahalase kama na thaa| rAjyake zAsana-prabandhaka samAna hI nagarakA prabaMdha eka myunisipala kamIzana dvArA hotA thaa| isameM bhI chai paMcAyateM thIM aura pratyeka paMcAyatameM pAMca sadasya inake dvArA deza aura nagarakA sucAru aura Adarza prabaMdha hotA thaa| candragupta kA zAsana prabandha Anakalake prajAtaMtra rAjyoM ke liye zAsana prabandhakI eka anukaraNIya Adarza thaa| mAnakalakI vishesstaayeN| myunisipila kameTiyoMse yadi usakI tulanA kI jAya, to vaha prAcIna prabandha kaI bAtoM meM acchA mATama degaa| candragupta ke isa vyavasthita zAsanameM pratyeka manuSya aura pazutakakI rakSAkA pUrA dhyAna rakhA jAtA thaa| kauTelpake arthazAstra meM paza oMke bhojana, gauoMke duhane aura dudha, makkhana AdikI svacchatAke sambaMdha niyama diye huye milate haiM / pazuoM ko nirdayatA aura corIse bacAne ke niyama savistara diye gaye haiN| eka jaina samrATake liye aimA dayAlu aura udAra praSa karanA sarvathA ucita hai| manuSyoM kI rakSAkA bhI pUrA prabaMdha thaa| vyApAriyoM ke liye kaI sar3akeM banavAI gaI thI; binapara musAphiroM kI rakSAkA pUrA prabandha thaa| 1-meei. / 2-mAha. pR. 167 /

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228 saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / bhAratakI sImAse pATaliputrataka rAjamArga banA huA thaa| yaha mArga zAyada puSkalAvatI (gAndhArakI rAjadhAnI) se takSazilA hokara jhalama, vyApta, satalaja, jamanAko pAra karatA huA tathA hastinApura, kannauja aura prayAga hotA huA pATaliputra pahuMcatA thA / sar3akoMkI dekhabhAlakA vibhAga alaga thA / x durbhikSakI vyavasthA ucca nyAyAlaya karate the / jo anna sarakArI bhaNDAroMmeM AtA thA usakA AdhA bhAga durbhikSake dinoMke liye surakSita rakkhA jAtA thA aura akAla par3anepara isa bhANDArameMse anna bAMTA jAtA thA / agalI phasala ke bIjake liye bhI yahIMse diyA jAtA thaa| candraguptake rAjya ke aMtima kAlameM eka bhISaNa durbhikSa par3A thA / khetoMkI siMcAIkA pUrA prabandha rakkhA jAtA thA jisake liye eka vibhAga alaga thaa| candragupta ke kAThiyAvAr3ake zAsaka puSyaguptane giranAra parvatake samIpa 'sudarzana' nAmaka jhIla banavAI thii| choTI bar3I naharoM dvArA sAre deza meM pAnI pahuMcAyA jAtA thA / naharakA mahakamA AbapAzI-kara vasula karatA thaa| isake atirikta kisAnoMse paidAvArakA cauthAI bhAga vasUla kiyA jAtA thA / AyAta niryAta mAdi aura bhI kara prajApara lAgU the| rAjyameM kisI prakArakI anIti na hone pAye, isake liye candraguptane eka guptacara vibhAga sthApita kiyA guptacara vibhaag| ' thA / nagaroM aura prAMtoMkI samasta ghaTanAoMpara dRSTi rakhanA aura samrATa athavA adhikArI vargako guptarItise sucanA x bhAprArA. bhA0 2 0 71|1-laabhaai0 pR0 167 / 2-bhAi. pR. 64 / 3-jarAeso. san 1891 pR. 47 /

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maurya sAmrAjya | [ 229 denA inakA kArya thA / megAsthanIja likhatA hai ki ina guptacaroMpara koI mithyA samAcAra denekA doSAropaNa kabhI nahIM huA; kyoMki kisI bhI bhAratIyase yaha aparAdha kabhI nahIM bana par3A / sacamuca prAcIna bhAratake nivAsI sacAI aura ImAnadArIke liye bahuta hI vikhyAt the / daNDa vidhAna | candraguptakA phaujadArI kAnUna kaThora thA / yadi kisI kArIgarako koI coTa pahuMcAtA, to use prANadaNDa hI milatA thA / yadi koI vyakti kisIko aMgahIna kara detA to daNDa svarUpa vaha bhI usI aMgase hIna kiyA jAtA thA; aura hAtha ghAte meM kATa liyA jAtA thaa| jhUThI gavAhI denevAleke nAka kAna kATa liye jAte the / pavitra vRkSoM ko hAni pahuMcAnevAlA bhI daNDa pAtA thA / sirake bAla mur3a diye jAnekA daNDa bar3A lajjAjanaka samajhA jAtA thA / sAdhAraNataH corIke aparAdhameM aMga chedakA daNDa diyA jAtA thA / cuGgIkA mahasUla dene meM TAlamaTUla karanevAlA mRtyudaNDa pAtA thaa| aparAdhI kar3I yAtanAoM dvArA aparAdha svIkAra karaneke liye bAdhya kiye jAte the / candraguptake phaujadArI kAnunakI yaha kaThoratA kiMcit mApattijanaka kahI jA sakkI hai; kintu jinhoMne iMglenDa Adi yUropIya dezoM kA nida mRtakAlIna itihAsa par3hA hai, vaha jAnate haiM ki ina dezoM meM bhI narA2 se aparAdhake liye bhI prApyadaNDa denekA rivAja thA / aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki prAcIna kAlameM daNDa kI kaThoratAyeM 1- mAi0 10 64, * 10 129 aura amAha 101415 2- mAi0 1064 aura amAi 10 159-160 /

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230 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / sadAcAra aura sunItikI bar3havArIkA vizvAsa thA / candraguptake viSayameM kahA jAsaktA hai ki usakA yaha kaThora daNDavidhAna saphala huA thA | megAsthanIja likhatA hai ki jitane samaya taka yaha caMdraguptakI senA meM rahA, usa samaya cAra lAkha manuSyoMke samUha meM kabhI kisI eka dina meM 120) rupayese adhika kI corI nahIM nahIM huii| aura yaha prAyaH nahIMke barAbara thii| bhAratIya kAnUnakI zaraNa bahuta kama lete the / unameM vAyadAkhilAphI aura khayAnata ke mukaddameM kabhI nahIM hote the / unheM sAkSiyoM kI bhI jarUrata nahIM par3atI thI / ve 1 bhAratIya apane gharoMko vinA tAlA lagAye hI chor3a dete the / ' isa ullekha se spaSTa hai ki candraguptake daNDa vidhAnakA nRzaMsarUpa janatAko sadAcArI aura rAjyAjJAnuvartI banAne meM sahAyaka thA / isa dazAmeM usakA prayoga adhikatA ke sAtha prAyaH nahIM honA saMbhava hai| candraguptakI vizAla senAkI vyavasthAke liye eka sainika vibhAga thA / senA ke cAroM bhAga- (1) paidala sainika vibhAga | sipAhI, (2) azvArohI, (3) ratha, ( 4 ) hAthIkA prabandha cAra paMcAyatoM dvArA hotA thaa| pAMcavIM paMcAyata kamasariyaTa vibhAga aura sainika naukara-cAkaroMkA prabandha karatI thI / chaThI paMcAyata jahAjoM kA prabandha karatI thI / senAko vetana nagada milatA thaa| jahAja Adi saba yahIM banAye jAte the| isa vyavasthAse spaSTa hai ki caMdraguptakA sainika prabaMdha sarvAGga pUrNa aura sarAhanIya thA / yadi usakI vyavasthA ThIka na hotI, to itane bar3e sAmrAjyapara vaha sahasA adhikAra na jamA saktA ! 2 1 - meaii 0 pR0 69-70 / 2-bhAi0 pR0 66 /

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maurya saamraajy| mauryakAlakI sAmAnika dazA bhagavAna mahAvIrake samayase _ kucha adhika vilakSaNa nahIM thI / vaha prAyaH sAmAjika dshaa| 'vaisI hI thii| brAhmaNa, kSatrI, vaizya aura zUdayaha cAra pradhAna jAtiyAM thIM aura inako apanA vaMzagata vyavasAya karanA anivArya thaa| kintu pratyeka prANIko rAjAjJAse dusarA athavA ekase adhika vyavasAya karanekI svAdhInatA prApta thii|' ina vargoM meM paraspara udAratAkA vyavahAra thaa| jAtIya kaTTaratAkA nAmazeSa nahIM thaa| pArasparika sahayogase rahate huye yahAMke loga bar3e sukhasampanna aura sadAcArI the| ve manuSya jIvana ke cAroM puru. pArtho-dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa-kA samucita sAdhana karate the / brahmacaryadazAmeM rahakara vidyAdhyayana karanese unakI buddhi kuzAma aura svAsthya anupama rahatA thaa| ve sadA satyavAdI the| aura zilpa evaM kalAkauzalameM bar3e nipuNa the| sone cAMdI aura javAharAtake mAmUSaNa banAne ke liye dezameM sone, cAMdI, tAMbe, lohe, ratna mAdikI khAneM thiiN| taba bhAratIya macche2 zastra aura bar3e jahAna banAte the / usa samaya yahAMkA zilpa aura vANijya unna. tikI caramasImApara pahuMcA humA thA / siMdhudezake sundara vastra aura dezakI banI huI anya vastuyeM dUra 2 videzoMmeM bikaneke liye jAtI thii| megAsthanIna likhatA hai ki "bhAratIya yadyapi saraka svabhAva aura sAdagIko bahuta pasaMda karate haiM, paraMtu ratnoM, . kAroM aura paricchedoMkA unako khAsa zauka / paricchoMpara muna 1-mAprArA* mA. 2 pR. 91 / 2-lAmAha* bhA0 10 149 / 3-mAprArA. bhA. 2 pR. 11 /

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232 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | halA aura rupahalA kAma karAte haiM / ve nihAyata bArIkase bArIka malamalapara phUladAra kAmakI banI huI pozAkeM pahinate haiM / unake Upara chatariyAM lagAte haiM, kyoMki bhAratIyoMko saundaryakA bahuta dhyAna hai / " " jUte eriyana niryAkasake anusAra likhatA hai ki " bhAratavAsI nIMce ruIkA eka vastra pahanate haiM, jo ghuTaneke nIce AdhI dUra taka rahatA hai / aura usake Upara eka dUsarA vastra pahanate haiM / jise kucha to ve kaMdhoMpara rakhate haiM aura kucha apane sirake cAroM ora lapeTa lete haiM / ve sapheda camar3e ke pahanate haiM; jo bahuta hI acche bane huye hote haiM / " isa lekha se prAcIna graMthoM meM likhe huye ' adhovastra ' aura ' uttarIya ' kA bodha hotA hai / adhikAMza janatA zAkAhArI thI aura madyapana nahIM karatI thI / AvanRpake cikane belanoMko tvacApara phirAkara mAliza karAnekA bahuta rivAja thA / brAhmaNoM aura zramaNakA Adara vizeSa thA / zramaNa saMpradAya meM pratyeka mumukSu AtmakalyANa karanekA sAdhana prApta kara letA thA / cAroM varNoMmeM paraspara vivAha sambandha pracalita thA / vivAha mahilAoMkI javAna puruSoM aura yuvatI kanyAyoMke hote the / mahimA | taba bAlyavivAhakA nAma sunAI nahIM par3atA thA / vivAha ke samaya pati strIko alaGkAra Adi dete the, para Ajakala ke musalamAnoMke 'mehara' ke samAna 'vRtti' (yA strIdhana) nAmakA nizcita dhana bhI dete the / isa ghana evaM anya jo sampatti strIko apane 1 - aiime0, pR0 70 / 2- bhAprArA0 bhA0 2 pR0 895

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maurya sAmrAjya / [ 233 riztedAroM se milatI, usapara usakA pUrA adhikAra hotA thA / vaha jaise cAhe vaise usako kharca kara saktI thI / strI-ghanakI rakSAke liye kar3e niyama rAjyakI ora se bane huye the / kintu yadi patikI mRtyuke uparAnta strI dUsarA vivAha karatI thI, to usakA sArA strIdhana japta hojAtA thaa| hAM, zvasurakI sammati se dUsarA vivAha karanepara vaha usa ghanako pAsaktI thii| para itanA spaSTa hai ki punarvivAha heya dRSTise hI dekhA jAtA thA / punarvivAha karaneke liye atIva kaThina niyama banA diye gaye the; jinameM striyoMke isa adhikArako yathAsaMbhava parimita karanekA prayAsa thA / puruSoMmeM bahu vivAha karanekA rivAja thA; kintu isake liye bhI samucita rAjaniyama bane hue the / / / eka patnI se yadi saMtAna na ho, to dUsarA vivAha karanekI sAdhAraNa AjJA bhI / aura dUsarI patnIse bhI putrotpanna na ho, to puruSa tIsarA aura phira cauthA ityAdi sAmarthya ke anusAra vivAha kara saktA thA; kintu dUsarA vivAha karaneke pahale use prathama patnIke bharaNa-poSaNakA pUrA prabandha kara denA anivArya thA / isa niyamake honeke kAraNa bahuta kama aise puruSa hote the jo bahupatnIka ho / kinhIM vizeSa avasthAoM meM vivAha viccheda karanekI mI rAjAjJA thii| kiMtu usasamaya eka pativrata aura eka patnIvratakI pradhAnatA thI / " * - jaina kAnUnameM isa bAtakA khAsa dhyAna rakkhA gayA hai / usIke anusAra banAgupta jaise jaiba samrATkA rAjya niyama honA upayukta hai 1 - sarasvatI, mA0 28 khaNDa 2 10 1360 /

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234 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | usa samayakI samAja meM vaidika, jaina aura bauddha evaM AjIvika dharma pracalita the / jainadharmakA pracAra khUba thA; dhArmika sthiti / jaise ki mudrArAkSasa nATakase prakaTa hai / " pratyeka saMpradAya ke dharmAyatana bane huye the | tyauhAroM aura parvoke avasaroM para bar3I dhUmadhAmase utsava manAye jAte the aura samArohapUrvaka bar3e 2 julUsa nikAle jAte the; jinameM sone aura cAMdI ke gahanoMse saje huye vizAlakAya hAthI sammilita hote the / 'cAra2 ghor3oM aura bahutase bailoMkI jor3iyoMvAlI gAr3iyAM aura ballamabaradAra hote the / julUsa meM atIva bahumUlya sone cAMdI aura javAharAtake kAmake vartana aura pyAle Adi sAtha jAte the / uttamottama meja, kurasiyAM aura anya sajAvaTakI sAmigrI sAtha hotI thI / sunahale tAroMse kADhI huI naphIsa pozAkeM, jaMgalI jantu, baila, bhaiMse, cIte, pAlatU siMha, sundara aura surIle kaNThavAle pakSI bhI sAtha calate the / AjakalakI jaina rathayAtrAyeM prAyaH isa hI DhaMgapara susajjitanikAlIM jAtIM haiM / pazu pakSiyoMko sAtha rakhane meM, zrI tIrthakara bhagavAna ke samozaraNako pratyakSameM pragaTa karanA iSTa thA / azokakA potA saMprati aisI hI eka jaina yAtrAko apane rAjamahala parase dekhate huye sambodhiko prApta huA thA / isase bhI usasamaya jainadharmakI pradhAnatA spaSTa hojAtI hai| taba vaha rASTra-dharma hone kA gaurava. prApta kiye huye thA / 1 - vIra varSa 5 pR0 387-392 / 2-lAbhAi0 mA0 150 150 / 3-pari0 10 92-96 /

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maurya sAmrAjya | [ 235 jAvana / uparokta varNana se samrAT caMdraguptake rAjanaitika jIvanakA candraguptakA vaiyaktika paricaya prApta hai / 'pratyeka manuSya svayaM vicAra kara sakatA hai ki yaha kaisA pratApI aura vilakSaNa rAjA thA; jisane kevala 24 varSake alpa samaya meM hI apane hAthoM sthApita kiye navIna rAjyako aisI unnata dazApara pahuMcA diyA / Ajase 22 sau varSa pUrvake isake rAjya prabaMdhakA varNana par3hakara hamAre pUrvajoMko mUrkha samajhanevAlI AjakalakI sAmyAbhimAnI nAtiyAM bhI Azcaryacakita hotI haiM / ' candraguptakA vaiyaktika jIvana bhI Adarza thA / vaha dinabhara rAjasabhAmeM baiThakara nyAya kiyA karatA thA aura vaidezika dUtoM vyAdise milatA thA / rAjAkI rakSAke liye yavanadezakI striyAM niyata thIM, jo zastravidyA aura saMgIta zAstrameM catura hotI thiiN| isa dezakI bhASA aura rahana sahanase unakA hI bilakula paricaya na honeke kAraNa kisI SaDyantrameM unakA saMmiLita honA asaMbhava thaa| rAjA bhar3akIlI pozAka pahinatA thA aura usakI savArI bhI bar3I zAna zaukata se nikalatI thI / usakI savArIke cAroM ora sazastra yavana striyAM calatIM thIM aura unake irda girda bavAle sipAhI rahate the / mArgameM rassiyoM se sImA nirdhArita kara dI jAtI thI / isa sImAko ulghana karanevAlA mRtyudaNDa pAtA thaa| rAjAko AbanUsake belanoMse deha dabavAnekA bar3A zauka thA / rAja darabAra meM bhI unakI isa sevAke liye cAra paricAraka niyata rahate the / rAjAkI varSagAMTha bar3I dhUmadhAma se manAI jAtI thI / rAjA niyamita rUpase dhArmika kriyAyeM karate the aura munijanoM (bhramaNa) 1-ArA0 bhA0 2 10 93 / 2-mAprArA0 bhA0 2 pR0 80-82 /

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236 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | ra ko mAhAra dete the / ' unake ekase adhika rAniyAM thIM / rAnI suprabhA unameM pradhAna thii| eka rAnI vaizya varNakI thI jisakA bhAI puSpagupta giranAra prAMtakA zAsaka thaa| usa samaya rAjAke nikaTa sambaMdhiyoMko vividha prAMtoM meM zAsaka niyata karanekA rivAja thA / tIsarI rAnI videzI yavana rAjA silyUkasakI putrI thI / yavana logoM ko yadyapi mAja mleccha samajhate haiM, kintu mAlUma hotA hai, usa samaya unake sAtha vivAha sambaMdha karanA anucita nahIM samajhA jAtA thA / ina tIna rAniyoM ke atirikta unake aura bhI koI rAnI thI, yaha vidita nahIM hai / samrAT candraguptakA putra aura uttarAdhikArI bindusAra thA / 'rAjAbalIkathe' meM zAyada inhIMkA nAma siMhasena likhA hai / " inake atirikta candraguptake aura koI saMtAna thI, yaha mAlUma nahIM hai / isa prakAra gArhasthika Ananda kA upayoga karate huye bhI caMdragupta nizaGka nahIM the| gupta SaDyaMtroM ke kAraNa unheM sadA hI apane prANoMkA bhaya lagA rahatA thA / unake pAsa pracura dhana thA aura ThAThabATakA sAmAna bhI khUba thI ! jaina zAstroMse pragaTa hai ki samrATa caMdragupta jaina dharmAnuyAyI the| vaha digambara jaina muniyoM (niryathazramaNoM) candragupta jaina the / kI vandanA-pUjA karate the aura unako vinayapUrvaka AhAradAna dete the / jaina granthoMke isa vaktavyakA samarthana 1 - jarA eso0 bhA0 9 10 176 / 2 - zravaNa0 pR0 28 / 3 - saMprAmA0 pR0 178 | 4- bhAi0 pR0 67 / 5-bhramaNa0, pR0 31 / 6- mAi0 pR0. 66 / 7 - avaNa0 pR0 25-40 / ----

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maurya saamraajy| [937. megAsthanInake kathana evaM 'mudrArAkSa nATakake varNanase hotA hai|' mauryAkhyadezameM jainadharmakA pracAra vizeSa thaa| eka mauryaputra svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke gaNadhara the / aura nandavaMza bhI jainadharma bhakta thA, yaha pragaTa hai / isa dazAmeM candraguptakA jaina-eka zrAvaka honA kucha bhI atyokti nahIM rkhtaa| jaina zAstra use eka mAdarza aura dharmAtmA rAjA pragaTa karate haiN| kintu unake jaina na hone meM sabase bar3I Apatti yaha kI jAtI hai ki vaha zikAra khelate the| para caMdra. guptake zikAra khelane saMbandhameM bho pramANa diyA jAtA hai, vaha yUnAnI lekhakoMkA bhrAnta varNana hai / kyoMki yunAniyoMne nahAMpara zikAra khelanekA varNana diyA hai| vahAM candraguptakA spaSTa nAmollekha nahIM hai| vaha kathana sAdhAraNa rUpameM hai / aura idhara jainazAstroMse yaha pragaTa hI hai ki caMdraguptane kabhI zikAra Adi koI saMkalpI hiMsAkarma nahIM kiyA thaa| ___ ataH mAluma yaha par3atA hai ki candragupta janmase avirata samyagdRSTI jainI the; kintu phira jaina muniyoM ke upadezako pAkara unhoMne mahiMsA mAdi vratoMko grahaNa karake apanA zeSa jIvana dharmamaya banA liyA thaa| yadi unhoMne pahilese zrAvakake vroMkA mambAsa na kiyA hotA, to yaha sambhava nahIM thA ki vaha ekadama jaina muni hojaate| unakA naina muni honA prAcInatama sAkSIse siddha hai| aura use 1-jarAeko* bhA0 9 pR. 176 / 2-vIra varSa 5 pR0 390 / 3-IsAkI pahilI yA dUsarI zatAbdike pranya tiloyapaNati' (gA. 7)meM candragupta ko jaina muni onA likhA hai| aura use "mukuTadhara" rAjA likhA hai| 'mukuTadhara' se bhAva sambhavataH usa rAjAse hai jisake

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.238] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / Adhunika vidvAna bhI mAnya ThaharAte haiM / bhadrabAhu zrutakevalIse caMdraguptane dIkSA grahaNa kI thI aura unakA dIkSita nAma muni prabhAcaMdra thaa| inhoMne apane guru bhadrabAhuke sAtha dakSiNako gamana kiyA thA aura zravaNabelagolameM inane samAdhipUrvaka svarga lAbha kiyA thaa| isa spaSTa aura joradAra mAnyatAke samakSa caMdraguptako jaina na mAnakara zaiva mAnanA, satyakA galA ghoMTanA hai / hindu zAstroMmeM avazya unake jaina sAdhu hone kA pragaTa ullekha nahIM hai; parantu hiMdU zAstra unheM eka zUdrAjAta likhanekA dussAhasa karate haiM; vaha kisa bAtakA dyotaka hai ? yadi caMdragupta jaina nahIM the, to unhoMne eka kSatrI rAnAko akAraNa varNa-zaMkara kyoM likhA ? isa varNanameM sAMpradAyika dveSa sApha Tapaka rahA hai| jaise ki vidvAn mAnate haiM aura isa taraha bhI caMdragupta kA jaina honA pragaTa hai| koI vidvAn unake nRzaMsa daMDa vidhAna Adipara Apatti karate haiM aura yaha kriyA eka jana samra ke liye ucita nahIM samajhate / kintu unakA daNDavidhAna kaThina hote huye bhI anIti pUrNa aura anAAdhIna eka hajAra rAjA hoN| candraguta maurya aise hI pratApI rAjA the| zilAlekhIya sAkSI I0 sanke prArambhika kAlakI hai / (dekho. zravaNa0 pR0 25-40 va jaisibhA0 bhA0 ) / 1-ahii0 pR0 154; maisUra eNDa kurga-rAisa, bhA0 1; hivi0 bhA0 7 pR0 156; irii0-candragupta; kehii0 bhA0 1 pR. 484 aura mAijai0 pR0 20-25, hiAi0 pR. 59 jainIjama aura dI ajhai phetha Ava azoka pR0 23 va javioso bhA0 3 0 / 2-jaisibhA0 bhA0 1 ki0 2-3-4 va kaihii0 bhA01 pR0 485 / 3-rAi0 bhA0 1 pR0 61 / 4-lAbhAha* pR0 153 /

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maury-saamraajy| [239 cArako bar3hAnevAlA nahIM thaa| usakA uddezya janasAdhAraNameM sunI. tikA pracAra karanA thaa| aura isa uddezyameM vaha saphala huA thA; jaise ki hama dekha cuke haiM / tathApi usameM jaba pazuoM aura vRkSoM takakI rakSAkA pUrNa ghyAna thA, taba use jainadharmake viruddha khayAla karanA mUla bharA hai / candragupta avazya hI eka bar3e nItijJa aura udAramanA jaina samrATa the / yahI kAraNa hai ki pratyeka dharmake zAstroMmeM unakA ullekha humA milatA hai / jaina zAstroMmeM unakA vizeSa varNana hai aura vaha unake aMtima jIvanakA eka yathArtha varNana karate haiM; vAna anya kisI jainetara zrotase yaha patA hI nahIM calatA hai ki unakA rAjya kisa prakAra pUrNa huA thA / jaina zAstra batalAte haiM ki vaha apane putrako rAjya dekara jaina muni hogaye the aura yaha kArya unake samAna eka dharmAtmA rAnAke liye sarvathA upayukta thA / ataeva caMdragupta kA na honA niHsaMdeha ThIka hai / mi0 smitha kahate haiM ki "jainiyoMne sadaiva ukta maurya samrATako vimbasAra (preNika) ke sadRza jaina dharmAvalaMbI mAnA hai aura unake isa vizvApako jhUTha kahaneke liye koI upayukta kAraNa nahIM hai / " koI vidvAna kahate haiM ki yadi candragupta jaina dharmAnuyAyI the, to vaha eka bAhmaNako apanA maMtrI nahIM rakha cANaSaya / ' sakte the| kiMtu isa mApattimeM kucha tathya nahIM hai, kyoMki kaI eka jaina rAjAoMke maMtrI vaMza paramparA rItipara mayavA svAdhIna rUpameM brAhmaNa the / aura phira jaina zAstrokA kahanA 1-pravaNa. pR. 37 va Ahi. pR0 75-76 / 2-Ahii0 pR. 05 va jaizimaM bhU. pR0 69 /

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240] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / hai ki caMdraguptake brAhmaNa maMtrI cANakya, jinako viSNugupta, dromila, drohiNa, aMzula, kauTilya Adi aneka nAmoMse saMbodhita kiyA jAtA hai, eka jaina brAhmaNake putra the| golla nAmaka grAmameM caNaka nAmaka eka brAhmaNa rahatA thaa| vaha pakkA zrAvaka thA / caNezvarI usakI bhAryA thii| cANakyakA janma inhIMke gRhameM humA thaa| vaha bhI apane mAtA pitAke samAna eka zramaNopAsaka zrAvaka thaa| nandarAjA dvArA apamAnita hokara usane rAjyabhraSTa caMdraguptakA Azraya liyA thA / usakA sAtha dekara vaha caMdraguptake rAjA honepara svayaM usakA rAna-maMtrI humA thaa| ____ cANakyane saMbhavataH caMdragupta ke liye rAjanItikA eka acchA grantha likhA thaa| usakA eka arvAcIna saMskaraNa prApta hai / vaha 'kauTilyakA arthazAstra' nAmase chapa bhI cukA hai| isa granthameM kaI eka aisI bAteM haiM jo jainadharmase saMbaMdha rakhatI haiN| pazuoMkI rakSAkA vidhAna karanA, lekhakako ahiMsA dharmapremI prakaTa karaneko paryApta hai| eka jaina vidvAna usameM khAsa naina zabdoMkA prayoga huA bata3-pari0, pR. 77 / caNI cANakya ityAkhyAM dadau tasyAMgajanmanaH / cANakyo'pi zrAvako'bhUtsarvavidyabdhipAragaH // 20 // zramaNopAsakatvena sa santoSa dhanaH sdaa| kulIna brahmaNasyaikAmeva kanyAmupAyata // 201 // ityAdi ! digambara jaina granthoM ( hariSeNa kathAkoSa va Aka0 bhA0 3 pR0 46) meM cANakyake pitAkA nAma kapila aura unakI mAtAkA nAma devilA likhA hai| ve veda pAraGgata vidvAna the| mahIdhara nAmaka jainamunise unane jaina dIkSA grahaNa kI thii|

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maury-saamraajy| [241 lAte haiM jaise upabheda vAcI 'prakRti' zabda / jainadarzanameM koke 148 medoMko 'prakRtiyAM' kahate haiM / kauTilya bhI isa zabdako isI arthameM prayukta karatA hai, yathA " ari aura mitrAdika rASTroMkI saba kula prakRtiyAM 72 hotI haiM / " unane apane nItisUtroMmeM jaina prabhAvake kAraNa hI jainAcAra viSayaka kaI siddhAMtoM ko bhI likhA hai; jaise "dayA dharmasya janmabhUmiH "; "ahiMsA lakSaNo dharmaH ", " mAMsabhakSaNamayuktaM sarveSAm "; "sarvamanityaM bhavati"; "vijJAnadIpena saMsArabhayaM nivartate / " ityAdi / unhoMne apane arthazAstra meM rAya dI hai ki rAnA apane nagarake bIcameM vinaya, vaijayaMta, jayaMta aura aparAjita nAmaka devatA. oMkI sthApanA kare ! ye cAroM hI devatA jaina haiM ! aura jaina paMDita kahate haiM ki sAMsArika dRSTise nagarake bIca inake maMdiroM ke banavAnekI yoM jarUrata hai ki ye cAroM hI devatA usa sthAnake rahanevAle hai, nahAMkI sabhyatA aura nAgarikatA aisI bar3hI car3hI hai ki vahAMpara pranAsattAtmaka rAjya athavA sAmrAjyazUnya hI saMsAra vasA humA hai / ye apanI bar3hI-car3hI sabhyatAke kAraNa sabake saba ahamindra kahalAte haiM aura inake rahane ke sthAnako U~cA svarga jaina zAstroM meM mAnA hai / loka zikSAke liye tathA rAjanItikA utkRSTa dhyeya batalAne ke liye ina devatAoM kA pratyeka nagarake bIca honA jarUrI hai| ina ullekhoM evaM aise hI anya ullekhoMse, mo martha zAstrakA madhyayana karanese pragaTa hosate haiM, cANakyakA nainadharma viSayaka hI zraddhAna pragaTa hai / aura antameM cANikyane naina zAstrAnusAra jaina sAdhukI vRtti grahaNa karalI thii| 1-Aka0 bhA0 3 pR. 51-52 /

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242 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | . cANakya jainAcArya huye the aura apane 500 ziSyoM sahita unane deza videzoM meM vihAra karake dakSiNake vanavAsa nAmaka dezameM sthita krauMcapura nagarake nikaTa prAyopagamana sanyAsa le liyA thA / cANakya ke sAdhu hone kA jikra jainetara zAstroMmeM bhI hai| isa avasthA meM cANakyako jaina brAhmaNa mAnanA athavA unapara jainadharmakA prabhAva par3A svIkAra karanA kucha anucita nahIM hai / cANakyako avazya hI jainadharmase prema thA / ataeva candraguptane unako maMtrIpada dekara eka ucita kArya hI kiyA thA / cANakya ke maMtrI honese unake jainatvameM kucha bhI antara nahIM par3atA hai / yahI bAta prasiddha itihAsajJa zrI vinsenTa smitha svIkAra karate haiN| vaha kahate haiM ki 'caMdragupta ne rAjagaddI eka kuzala brAhmaNakI sahAyatA se prApta kI thI, yaha bAta caMdraguptake jaina dharmAvalamvI honeke kucha bhI viruddha nahIM pdd'tii|' (Ahii0 pR0 72 ) isa avasthA meM samrAT caMdragupta aura cANakyake jaina honeke kAraNa bhAratavarSa ke prathama uddhArakA yaza jainiyoM ko hI prApta hai / kahate haiM ki caMdraguptane kula cauvIsa varSa rAjya kiyA thA / dharma-prabhAvanAke kArya aura antameM vaha jaina sAdhu hogayA thA / aura samAdhimaraNa / usane apanI rAjyAvasthA meM jainadharma prabhAvanAke liye kyA2 kArya kiye the, unakA patA lagA lenA Aja kaThina 1- Aka0 bhA0 3 pR0 51-52 / 2 - hiDrAva0, bhUmikA pR0 1026 / 3-jabioso0 bhA0 1 pR0 115 - 116. mi0 jAyasavAla ne candraguptakA rAjya kAla san 326 I0 pu0 se sana 302 I0 pU0taka likhA kintu zrI0 nagendranAtha vasu isase bahuta pahile unakA rAjyakAla nirdhArita karate haiM; unakA kahanA hai ki " sikandarakA samakAlIna candragRpta na

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maurya sAmrAjya / [243 hai| kintu unake samAna eka nyAyazIla aura dharmAtmA rAnAne avazya hI dharmake liye koI Thosa kArya kiye hoMge, yaha mAna lenA ThIka hai| itanA to kahA jAtA hai ki dakSiNake jainatIrtha 'zravaNabelagola'ke pAsa jo gAMva hai usako samrATa caMdraguptane hI batAyA thA / anaina vidvAn bhI kahate haiM ki unhoMne dakSiNa bhArata ke zrI zAlam prAMta meM eka nagarako janma diyA thaa| mAlUma hotA hai ki vaha usa ora jaba apanA sAmrAjya-vistAra karate hue pahuMce the, taba ukta jaina tIrthakI vandanA kI thI aura vahAMpara eka grAmakI jar3a jamAI thii| uparAMta vaha grAma jainadharmakA mukhya kendra humA aura aba bhI hai| bhale hI caMdraguptake anya dharma kAryoM kA patA bhAna na cale; kintu nainadharmake itihApsameM unakA nAma aura unakA rAjya avazya hI pramukha sthAna prApta kiye rhegaa| isakA kAraNa hai ki unake samayameM hI jainadharmakA pUrNazruta vyakSipta huA thA aura jaina saMghameM digambara evaM zvetAMbara bhedakI jar3a bhI taba hI namI thii| azokake samayameM saMkalita hue bauda zAstroMse bhI isI samayake lagabhaga jaina saMghameM matabheda khar3A honekA samarthana hotA hai| (bhavabu. pR. 213) di. nena zAstra kahate haiM ki samrATa caMdraguptane hokara azoka thaa| unakA samaya 372 60 pU0 ThIka hai / hindU, bauda aura jaina protose yahI pramANita hotA hai" (dekho hivi. bhA. 110 587) yadi 372 I. pR0 candraguptakA samaya mAnA jAya vo bhadrabAhukA samaya I. pU. 383 unake samayase rIvara bhA milatA hai| kintu boke rekhoMmeM jina videSI gajAokA ullekha hai, unakA samaya itanA prAcIna hai ki azoko sidA mamakAlIna mAnA jaave| 1-mamatAjasmA. pR. 205 / 2-aihi. mA. pR0 19 /

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244] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / solaha svapna dekhe the; jinakA phala zrI bhadrabAhunI zrutakevalIne batalAyA thaa| isakA niSkarSa isa kalikAlameM jainadharma aura Arya maryAdAkA hAsa honA thA; kintu paM0 jugalakizoranI mukhtAra ina svapnoMko kalpita ThaharAte haiM / jo ho, itanA spaSTa hai ki jainadharmameM aura khAsakara digambara jainadharmameM caMdragupta kA sthAna bar3e gaurava aura mahatvakA hai| jainiyoMne unakI jIvana ghaTanAoMko pattharakI zilAoMpara sundara citrakArI meM aMkita kara rakkhA hai| zravaNabelagolake candragirivAle maMdiroM meM samrAT candragupta aura unake guru bhadrabAhunIke jIvana sambandhI nayanAbhirAma citrapaTa apUrva haiM aura vaha Aja bhI samrATa caMdraguptake jainatvakI spaSTa ghoSaNA kara rahe haiN| caMdragupta ke nAmase hI isa parvatakA nAma 'candragiri' humA hai aura vahAMpara eka guphAmeM unake guruke caraNacinha bhI virAjamAna haiN| jaina zilAlekhoMmeM samrATa candraguptakI muni avasthAkA smaraNa bar3e gauravAspada zabdoM meM huA milatA hai / unheM munIMdra candragupta va mahAmuni candragupta athavA candra prakAzojvala sAndakIrti caMdragupta yA munipati candragupta likhA gayA hai| aura yaha vizeSaNa unake samAna eka mahAn aura tejasvI rAjarSike liye sarvathA ucita the| mahAmuni candraguptane zravaNabelagolase hI samAdhimaraNa dvArA svargalAbha kiyA thaa| 1-bhadrabAhu caritra pR0 11-32 / 2-jaihi0 bhA0 13 pR0 236 / 3-hivi0 bhA0 7 pR0 150, jaisi0 bhA0 1 ki0 2-3 pR0 85 va mamaiprAjaismA0 pR0 205 / 4-jaisibhA. bhA0kiraNa 2-3 pR07-8 /

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maurya sAmrAjya | [ 245 caMdraguptake vAda mauryavaMzakA dUsarA rAjA biMduvAra thA / vidvAna kahate haiM ki vaha bhI apane pitAke samAna jainadharmA bindusAra / nupAyI aura parAkramI rAjA thA / ' jaina zAstroM meM isakA nAma siMhasena likhA hai / san 300 I0 pU0 ke lagabhaga / vaha magadha ke rAjyasiMhAsana para baiThA thA / isakA vizeSa itihAsa kucha jJAta nahIM hai / kintu isa rAjyakA saMparka videzI rAjAoMse bar3hA thA; yaha pragaTa hai, megAsthanIjake cale jAneke bAda isake rAjadarabAra meM silyukasake putra eNTiokama nayA dRta samUha bhejA thA; phira misranareza TolmI phI Dolaphasane bhI DeonIse usakI adhyakSatA meM eka druta samUha bhejA thA / bindusAra ke rAjyakAlameM videzoMse vyApAra ke aneka mArga khule the aura Apasa meM dUtoMkA zabda adala badala hotA thA / yUnAnI vidvAnoMne isakA nAma kucha aise zabdoM meM likhA hai jo amitraghAta athavA amitrakhAdakA apabhraMza prasIta hotA hai| mazokakA rAjatilaka | bindusArakI eka rAnI brAhmaNa jAtikI subhadrAMgI nAmakI thI / azokakA janma isIkI kokhase huA thA / kahate haiM ki azokakA eka bar3A bhAI aura thA; kintu saba bhAiyoMmeM yogyatama honeke kAraNa usake pitAne use hI yuvarAja pada pradAna kiyA thA / bindusAra ke upazanta vahI magadhakA rAjA huA thaa| usake hAthoMmeM rAjyabhAra 7 pR0 157 / 2- lAmAi0 10 169 0 1 10 132-135 / 4-bhAprArA0 1- hivi0 bhA0 3 - jarAeso0 san 1928 bhA0 2 pR0 96 /

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246] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / yadyapi I0 pR. 277 meM AgayA, paraMtu usakA rAjyAbhiSeka isake cAra varSa bAda san 273 I0 pU0 meM humA thaa|' ina cAra varSoM taka vaha yuvarAjake rUpameM rAjya zAsana karatA rahA thaa| isa avadhi taka rAjatilaka na honekA kAraNa koI vidvAna usakA bar3e bhAIse jhagar3A honA anumAna karate haiM; paraMtu yaha bAta ThIka nahIM hai| mAlUma aisA hotA hai ki usa samaya arthAt san 277 I. pU0 meM azokakI avasthA karIba 21-22 varSakI thI aura prAcIna prathA yaha thI ki jabataka rAjyakA uttarAdhikArI 25 varSakI avasthAkA na hojAya tabataka usakA rAjatilaka nahIM hosaktA thA; yadyapi vaha rAjyazAsana karanekA adhikArI hotA thaa| isI prathAke anurUpa jainasamrAT khAravelakA bhI rAjya abhiSeka kucha varSa rAjyazAsana yuvarAjapadase kara cukane para 25 varSako avasthAmeM humA thaa| azokake saMbaMdhameM bhI yahI kAraNa ucita pratIta hotA hai| jaba vaha 25 varSake hogaye tara unakA mabhiSeka san 273 I. pU0 meM huaa| aura unakA adabhuta rAjya zAsana san 236 I. pU. taka kuzalatA pUrvaka calA thaa| bindusArake samayameM azoka uttara pazcimIya sImA prAnta aura mazoka takSazilA va pazcimI bhAratakA subedAra raha cukA thaa| ujjanIkA suubedaar| ina pradezoMkA usane aise acche DhaMgase zAsana-prabaMdha kiyA thA ki isake suprabandha aura yogyatAkA sikA 1-koI vidvAna vindusArakI mRtyu san 203 I0 pU0 aura azokakA rAjyAbhiSeka sana 269 I0pU0 mAnate hai| (mAi0 pR0 67-68) 3-lAmAi0, pR0 170|-bbioso* bhA0 :3 pR. 438 / 4-janioso. bhA0 1 pR. 116 /

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maurya sAmrAjya | [ 247 taba hI jama gayA thA / uttara pazcimIya sImA prAntakA rAjya 'takSazilAke rAjya' ke nAmase pragaTa thA aura usameM kAzmIra, nepALa, hindukuza parvata taka sArA aphagAnistAna, balocistAna aura paMjAba mile huye the / takSazilA vahAMkI rAjadhAnI thI, jo apane vizvavidyAlaya ke liye prakhyAt thI / bar3e 2 vidvAn vahAM rahA karate the / 1 aura dUra dUrake loga vahAM vidyAdhyayana karane Ate the / ' takSazilAke atirikta azoka pazcimI bhAratakA bhI zAsaka rahA thA / usa samaya vahAMkI rAjadhAnI ujjaina thI, jo takSazilAse kucha kama prasiddha na thI / yaha pazcimI bhAratakA dvAra aura eka bar3A nagara thA / vahAMkA vidyAlaya gaNita aura jyotiSake liye vikhyAta thaa| ujjaina jainoM kA mukhya kendra thA aura jaina sAdhu apane priya viSaya jyotiSa aura gaNitake liye jagaprasiddha the / unhoMne usa samaya ujjainako bhAratakA grInica banA diyA thA / azokane ina donoM sthAnoM kA zAsana sucAru rItise kiyA thA / jaba azoka rAmasiMhAsanapara AsIna hogaye to unako bhI apane pUrvanoMkI bhAMti sAmrAjya vistAra karakaliGga - vijaya / nekI suujhii| usa samaya baMgAla kI khAr3Ike kinAre mahAnadI aura godAvarI nadiyoMke bIcameM sthita deza kalike nAmase prasiddha thA aura yaha deza magadha sAmrAjyakA zAsanabhAra utArakara svAdhIna hogayA thA / azokane use punaH apane rAjyameM milA liyA thA / isa kaliGga vijaya meM bar3I ghanaghora lar3AI huI * 1- sAmAi 0 pR0 170 - 101 va mAprArA0 2 -lAbhAi0 pR0 171 / 3-kehi0 bhA0 1 0 167 / Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat bhA0 2 10 96 / www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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248 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / thii| azokane isa yuddha meM jo bhayAnaka hatyAkANDa dekhA, usakA usake hRdayapara gaharA prabhAva par3A ! usakI AtmA isa nRzaMsa nara. saMhArako dekhakara bhayabhIta ho gii| aura usake hRdayameM dayA evaM premakA srota vaha niklaa| kaliGga vinayane azokako eka kaTTara dharmAtmA banA diyaa| vaha rAjalolupI na rhaa| usane praNa karaliyA ki vaha phira kabhI koI yuddha nahIM kregaa| itanA hI kyoM balika usane apanA zeSa jIvana dharma pracAra meM vyatIta karane kA dRr3ha saMkalA karaliyA aura apane uttarAdhikAriyoMke liye bhI Adeza kiyA ki 'mere putra aura prapautra isa bAtako suna leM aura yuddha vinayako burA samajha chor3a deN| tIra calAne ke samaya bhI zAMti aura thor3e daNDa deneko hI pasaMda kareM / dharmavinayako hI asalI vinaya samajheM / ' isa AdezameM nisa anUThe DhaMgase priya-satyakA pratibimba aMkita hai, vaha hRdayako moha letA hai| samyagdarzana athavA saMbodhiko prApta honepara saMsArI jIva dharmake marmako samajha jAtA hai, yaha bAta azokake ukta hRdayodgArase spaSTa hai / ' ___ azokane apane zAsanakAlameM kevala eka ukta car3hAI kI aura usake bAda usane dharma-vinayake sacce prayatna azokakA saamraajy| kiye the / itanepara bhI usake samayameM maurya sAmrAjyakI vRddhi huI thii| usakA rAjya uttarame himAlaya aura hiMdukuza parvatataka pahuMcatA thaa| aphagAnistAna, bilocistAna aura sindha usake mAdhIna the / baMgAla usake rAjyakA pUrvIya subA thA / kaliMga aura AMdhra deza bhI usake rAjyameM sammilita the| 1-bhAtArA0 bhA0.2 pR0 97-18 / 2-bhAi0 pR0 68 /

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maurya sAmrAjya | [ 249 kAzmIrameM usane eka naI rAjadhAnI vasAI; jisakA nAma zrInagara rakkhA / nepAla meM bhI lalitapATana nAmaka eka naI rAjadhAnI sthApita kI thI / dakSiNa bhArata meM nelora pradezase lekara pazcimI kinAre arthAta kalyANapurI nadItaka usakA rAjya the / isa pradeza ke dakSimaiM jo pAMDya, keralaputra aura satiyaputra tAmila rAjya the, ve svataMtra aura svAdhIna the / isa prakAra dakSiNake ghor3ese bhAgake atirikta sAre bhAratavarSa meM usIkA sAmrAjya thA / isa bRddata sAmrAjyako azokane kaI bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara rakkhA thaa| inameM madhyavartI bhAgake atirikta zeSa bhAgoM meM cAra rAjapratinidhi - saMbhavataH rAjakumAra rAjya karate the / eka rAjapratinidhi takSazilA meM rahatA thA; dUsarA kaliMga prAMtakI rAjadhAnI toSalImeM, tIsarA ujjaina meM aura cauthA dakSiNa meM rahakara sAre dakSiNI dezapara zAsana karatA thA / ujjaina ke rAja pratinidhi mAlavA, kAThiIyAvAr3a aura gujarAtakA zAsana prabaMdha karatA thA / kaliMgake zAsanakI azokako bar3I phikara rahatI thI / vahAM para usake rAjyapratinidhi kabhI2 acchA zAsana nahIM karate the / isaliye usane vahAM para do zilAlekha khudavAkara rAjapratinidhiyoM ko samucita zikSA dI thii| * azoka ne zAsana prabandha meM dharmako pradhAna sthAna diyA thA / azokakA zAsana isI kAraNa usake rAjya meM rASTrakA rUpa badala gayA thA / rAjanIti saMbaMdhI kAryoMmeM dhArmika kArya A mile the / isaliye 'rAjyakA kartavya na kevala dezameM zAMti sthApita rakhanA aura prabhAkI rakSA karanA thA, barana dharmakA pracAra prabandha / 1- lAbhAi0 pR0 175-106 / 2-aba.. pR0 170.

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250 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | karanA bhI thA / isake liye azokane bharasaka prayatna kiyaa| usake mahAmAtra rAjya meM daurA karate the aura janatAko dharmakA upadeza karate the / pratyeka varSa meM kucha dina aise niyata kara diye gaye jinameM 1 rAjakarmacArI sarkArI kAma karaneke alAvA prajAko usakA kartavya batalAte the / janasAdhAraNake cAla-calanakI nigarAnIke liye nirIkSaka niyukta the / inakA kAma yaha dekhanA thA ki loga mAtApitAkA Adara karate haiM yA nahIM, jIva hiMsA to nahIM karate / ye loga rAjavaMzakI bhI khabara rakhate the / striyoMke cAla-calanakI dekhabhAlake liye bhI aphasara the / rAjyakA dAna vibhAga alaga thA / yahAMse dInoM ko dAna milatA thA / pazuoMko mArakara yajJa karanekI kisIko AjJA nahIM thI / " azoka eka bar3A rAjanItijJa, saccA dharmAtmA aura prajApAlaka azokakA vaiyaktika rAjA thA / isakI abhilASA thI ki pratyeka jIvana / prANI apane jIvanako saphala banAye aura parabhavake liye khuba puNya saMcaya kre| dayA, satya, aura bar3oMkA Adara karane para vaha bar3A jora detA thA / vaha prajAke sukhameM apanA sukha aura duHkhameM duHkha samajhatA thA ! vaha eka Adarza rAjA thA aura usakI prajA khuba sukhI aura samRddhizAlI thI / vaha apane AbhiSekake vArSikotsava para eka eka kaidI chor3A karatA thA / 2 isase pragaTa hai ki usake rAjyameM aparAdha bahuta kama hote the aura jelakhAnoM meM kaidiyoM kA jamaghaTa nahIM rahatA thA / usakI eka upAdhi 'devAnAM priya' thI aura use 'priyadarzI' bhI likhA gayA 1- bhAi0 pR0 73-74 / 2-bhAprArA0 bhA0 3 pR0 131

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maurya sAmrAjya / [251 hai| jaina zAstroMmeM jaina rAnAoMke liye 'devAnAM priya 'kA prayoga huA milatA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIrake pitA rAnA siddhArthako bhI loga 'devAnAM priya' kahakara pukArate the aura unakI mAtA rAnI trizalAko 'priyakAriNI' kahate the| azokapara jainadharmakA vizeSa prabhAva par3A thaa| vaha apane pitAmaha aura pitAke samAna jaina dharmAnuyAyI hI thA; yadyapi apane dharmapracArake samaya usane pUrNa udAratAse kAma liyA thA aura jaina dharmake mAdhArapara apane dharmakA nirUpaNa kiyA thaa| bauDa graMtha 'mahAvaMza' ke AdhArapara vidvAna use brAhmaNa dharmAnuyAyI batalAte haiM; kintu isa granyake kathana nire kapola-kalpita pramANita huye haiN| isa kAraNa usapara vizvAsa karanA kaThina hai, tisapara siMhalake logoMke nikaTa brAhmaNase bhAva bauddhetara saMpradAyoMkA honA ucita dRSTi par3atA hai; kyoMki bauDa granthoM meM brAhmaNa aura zramaNa rUpa jo ullekha hai; unameM zramaNase bhAva bauddha bhikSukA hai| aura brAhmaNa kevala vedAnuyAyI brAhmaNoMkA potaka nahIM hosaktA / usake kucha vyApaka artha ThIka jaMcate haiN| isa kAraNa yaha saMmava hai ki isI bhAvase siMhalavAsiyoMne azokako bauddha na pAkara use brAhmaNa (bauddha-virodhI) likha diyA hai| varan eka usa rAnAke liye nisake pitAmaha aura pitA jenI the, aura jisakA prAraMbhika nIvana 1-apa0 dvitIya bhanyAya, va Iai* bhA0 20 pR0 232 / 2-saH pR. 26-30 1 54 |-bhok0 pR. 23 / 4-azoka pR. 13 47, bhAbho* pR. 96, menu* pR. 11. / 5-mi... TaoNma mA0 bhI pahI ThIka samajhate hai| mArale. mA. pR.11...

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2521 saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / jainoMke do pradhAna nagaroM takSazilA aura ujjainImeM vyatIta humA ho, yaha saMbhava nahIM hai ki vaha akAraNa hI apane vaMzagata dharmako tilAMjali dede / isa viSayameM agADIkI paMktiyoMse bilkula spaSTa hojAyagA 'ki vAstavameM azoka mUlameM jainadharmAnuyAyI thaa| ujjainameM lipta samaya vaha the, taba unakA vivAha vidizAgiri (besanagara-bhilasAke nikaTa) ke eka zreSTIkI kanyAse huA thaa| unakI paTTarAnI kSatrIyavarNakI thI aura vaha pATaliputrameM thI / azoka jaba rAnA hokara pATalIputra pahuMce taba unake sAtha unake saba putra-putriyAM bhI vahAM gaye the; kintu paTTarAnI Adike atirikta unakI anya striyAM ujjainameM rahIM thiiN| azokane inakA ullekha 'avarodhana ' rUpameM kiyA hai / isase anumAna hotA hai ki yaha mahilAeM parademeM rahatIM thiiN| kintu paradekA bhAva yahAMpara itanA hI hosaktA hai ki vaha janasAdhAraNakI taraha Ama taurase jahAM-tahAM mA jA nahIM saktI hoNgii| rAjamaryAdAkA pAlana karate huye, unake jAne-mAnemeM rukAvaTa nahIM thiiN| yadi yaha bAta na hotI to azokakI rAniyAM mahAtmAlogoMke darzana nahIM kara saktI thIM aura na dAna-dakSiNAdi desaktIM thiiN| bauddhazAstra azokako prArambhameM eka duSTa vyakti pragaTa karate haiM aura kahate haiM ki unane apane 99 bhAiyoMkI hatyA karake rAjyasiMhAsana para adhikAra jamAyA thA; kintu unake zilAlekhoMse unake rAjyakAlameM bhAiyoM aura bahinoMkA nIvita rahanA pramANita hai / ataH bauddhoMkA yaha kathana korA kalpita hai| taba 1-bhAazo0 pR. 13 / 2-azoka0 pR. 23 va bhAi pR0 61 /

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maurya sAmrAjya | [ 253 azoka bauddha na hokara jaina the, isaliye bauddhoMne unako duSTa likhA hai / kinhIM logoM kA kahanA hai ki pahile azoka mAMsabhojI thA / azoka prAraMbha meM usakI bhojanazAlA meM hajAroM jAnavara mAre jAte jainI thA / the / ' eka jainake liye isa prakAra mAMsalolupI honA jI ko nahIM lagatA aura isIse vidvAnoMne use zaiva dharmAnuyAyI prakaTa kiyA hai / kintu isa ullekhase ki azoka ke rAja gharAne kI rasoI meM mAMsa pakatA thA, yaha nahIM kahA jAsaktA ki azoka ke mAMsabhojI thA / saMbhava yaha hai ki anya mAMsabhojI rAjavargake liye aisA hotA hogA | janmase jainI honeke kAraNa azokakA mAMsabhakSI honA sarvathA asaMgata hai / yaha ullekha usake anya sambaMdhiyoMke viSaya meM ThIka jaMcatA hai; jinako bhI usane antameM apane samAna kara liyA thaa| pahale eka hI kuTumbameM vibhinna matoM ke anuyAyI rahate the, yaha sarvamAnya bAta hai / isake viparIta yadi pahale se hI hiMsAtatvakA prabhAva aura khAsakara jaina ahiMsAkA, azoka hRdayameM ghara kiye huye na mAnA jAya to usakA kaliMga - vijaya meM bhayAnaka narasaMhAra dekhakara bhayabhIta honA asaMbhavatA hojAtA hai / aura yaha bhI taba saMbhava nahIM ki usake rasoI ghara meM ekadama hajArokI saMkhyA se kama hokara kevala tIna prANI hI mAre jAne lagate aura phira vaha bhI banda kara diye jAte / yaha dhyAna rahe ki vaidika ahiMsA meM mAMsabhojanakA hara hAlata meM niSeSa nahIM hai aura na bauddha ahiMsA hI kisI vyaktiko pUrNa zAkAhArI banAtI hai / yaha kevala 1- pAprA0 0 71 / 2-mAprArA0 bhA0 2 10 18

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254 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | jaina ahiMsA hai jo hara hAlata meM prANIvarSakI virodhI hai aura eka vyaktiko pUrNa zAkAhArI banAtI hai / usa samaya vaidika matAvalaMbiyoM meM mAMsabhojanakA bahupracAra thA aura bauddhaloga bhI usase paraheja nahIM rakhate the / ma0 buddhane kaI cAra mAMsabhojana kiyA thA aura vaha mAMsa khAsa unake liye hI lAyA gayA thA / ataeva azokakA pUrNa nirAmiSa bhojI honA hI usako jaina batalAneke lie paryApta hai / isa avasthAmeM use janmase hI jainadharmakA zraddhAnI mAnanA anucita nahIM hai / jaina granthoMmeM usakA ullekha hai aura jainoMkI yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki zravaNabelagolA meM candragiripara usane apane pitAmahakI pavitrasmRti meM caMdravastI Adi jaina maMdira banavAye the / 3 'rAjAbalI kathA' meM usakA nAma bhAskara likhA hai aura use apane pitAmaha va bhadrabAhu svAmIke samAdhisthAna kI vaMdanA ke liye zravaNabelagola AyA batAyA hai| (jaizi saM0, bhUmikA 80 61 ) apane uparAnta jIvanameM mAlUma par3atA hai ki azokane udAravRtti grahaNa karalI thI aura usane apanI svAdhIna zikSAoMkA pracAra karanA prAraMbha kiyA thA; jo mukhyataH jaina dharmake anusAra thI / yahI kAraNa pratIta hotA hai ki jaina graMthoMmeM usake zeSa jIvanakA hAla nahIM hai| jaina dRSTise vaha vainayika rUpameM mithyAtva grasita huA kahA jAtA hai; parantu usakI zikSAoM meM jainatva kUTa2 kara bharA huA milatA hai| usane bauddhoM, brAhmaNoM aura bhAjIvikoMke sAtha 1- bhamabu0 pR0 170 / 2 - rAjAvalI kathA aura pariziSTa pa ( pR0 87) 3- hivi0 bhA0 7 pR0 150 /

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maurya sAmrAjya / [255 nenoMko bhI bhulAyA nahIM thA, yaha bAta usake zilAlekhoMse spaSTa hai| pro. kanake samAna bauddha dharmake prakhara vidvAn azokakA jaina honA bahuta kucha saMbhava mAnate haiM aura mi0 ajaina saakssii| TaoNmasane to joroMke sAtha unako jaina dharmAnuyAyI pragaTa kiyA hai| mi. rAisa aura prAcya vidyA mahArNava paM0 nAgendranAtha vasu bhI azokako eka samaya jaina pragaTa karate haiN| yaha bAta bhI nahIM hai ki kevala Adhunika vidvAna hI azokako pahile jainadharmakA zraddhAnI pragaTa karate hoM; balika mAnase bahuta pahileke bhAratIya lekhaka bhI unakA jainI honA siddha karate haiN| 'rAnatarigraNI meM likhA hai ki azokane jina zAsanakA uddhAra yA pracAra kAzmIrameM kiyA thaa| 'minazAsana' spaSTataH jainadharmakA dyotaka hai; kintu vidvAn ise bauddha dharmake liye prayukta humA batalAte haiN| hamArI samajhase "baudadharma" meM 'nina' zabdakA vyavahAra avazya milatA hai kintu jainadharmameM jaisI pradhAnatA isa zabdako milI huI hai, vaisI bauddha dharmameM nhiiN| isa zabdakI apekSA ho jaba jainadharmakA nAmakaraNa humA hai, taba vaha zabda isI dharmakA dyotaka mAnA jA saktA hai| rAnatariGgaNI' meM anyatra kAzamIrake rAnA meghavAhanako 1-jamIyo0 bhA0 17 pR. 215 / 2-ai0 mA. 2. pR0 143 / -jagaeso. bhA. 9 pR. 155-91 / 4-maisUra eNDa kurga dekho| 5-hivi0 bhA0 2 pR. 350 / -'yaH dhAntavRjino rAjA praramo jinazAsanam / zuSpo'tra vitastAtrI vastAra tUramAle ||raajriNgnnii.. 7-rikyA mA0 3 pR. 405-076 /

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256] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| jainoMke samAna hiMsAse ghRNA karanevAlA likhA hai|' isa ullekhase spaSTa hai ki kavi kalhaNake nikaTa 'jina' zabda nainoMke arthameM mahatva rakhatA thaa| aburaphanalane 'Aine makabarI' meM jo kAzmIrakA hAla likhA hai, usase bhI isa bAtakA samarthana hotA hai ki azokane vahAM jainadharmakA pracAra kiyA thaa| abulaphanalane 'jaina ' zabdakA prayoga azokake saMbandhameM kiyA hai aura bhagAr3I "bauddha" zabdakA prayoga bauddhadharmake vahAMse avanata honeke varNanameM kiyA hai| isa dazAmeM azokakA prArambhameM jainamatAnuyAyI honA saMbhava hai| zravaNabelagolameM jo rAjA jainamaMdira banavA saktA hai, vaha jainadharmakA pracAra kAzmIrameM bhI kara saktA hai / azoka svayaM kahatA hai ki usake pUrvajoMne dharmapracAra karaneke prayatna kiye, para vaha pUrNa saphala nahIM hue| aba yadi azokako bauddhadharma athavA brAhmaNamatakA pracAraka mAneM to usakA dharma vaha nahIM ThaharatA hai jo usake pUrvajoMkA thA / samrAT caMdraguptane jaina muni hokara dharma pracAra kiyA thaa| isa dazAmeM azoka bhI apane pUrvanoM ke dharmapracArakA hAmI pratIta hotA hai / jisa dharmakA pracAra karane meM usake pUrvaja asaphala rahe, usIkA pracAra azokane naye DhaMgase kara dikhAyA aura apanI isa saphalatA para use garva aura harSa thaa| vaha kevala sAmpradAyikatAmeM saMlagna nahIM rahA-udAravRttise usane satyakA pracAra mAnavasamAjameM kiyaa| pratyeka matavAleko 1-rAjatariMgaNI a0 1 ilo072 va a0 3 zlo0 7 // 2-jarAeso0 bhA* 1 pR. 183 / 3-praptamastaMbhalekha-agha0 pR0 37 / /

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maurya-sAmrAjya / [257 usane usake matameM acchAI dikhA dI aura vaha sabakA Adara karane gaa| sAmpradAyika dRSTise jaina azokake ina vainayika bhAvase maMtuSTa na huye aura unane usake saMbandhameM vizeSa kucha na likhA / itanepA bhI azokakA zAsana prabandha aura upake dharmakI zikSA. oMmeM jainatvakI jhalaka vidyamAna hai| DaoN. karna sA. likhate haiM ki "azokake zAsana prabandha meM bauddhabhAvakA dyotaka kucha bhI na thA / apane rAjya ke prAraMbhase vaha eka acchA rAnA thaa| usakI novarakSA maMbandhI AjJAyeM bauddhoMko apekSA noMkI mAnyatAoMse adhika milatI haiN|"" apane gajyake terahaveM varSase azokakA rAjagharAnA eka jainake samAna pUrNa zAkabhonI hogyaa| unane jIva-hatyA karanevAleke liye prANadaMDa naimI jar3I sanA rakkhI thI / jainarAnA kumArapAla kI bhI aisI hI rAjAjJA thii| yajJameM bhI pazuhiMsAkA niSeva azokane kiyA thA / kahate haiM ki isa kArya se usakI vaidika dharmAvalambI pranA asaMtuTa thii| ma buddhake samaya meM bauddha. loga bAnArase mAMsa lekara khAte the; kintu azokane bhonanake liye bhI pazuhiMsA banda karadI thI, yaha kArya sarvathA eka nainake hI upayukta thA / prItibhona aura utsavoM meM bhI koI mAMsa nahIM paroma saktA thaa| AkheTako bhI azokane banda kara diyA thaa| usane bailoM, azekakI zikSA jaina bakaroM, ghor3oM Adiko vaSiyA karanA bhI dharmAnusAra haiN| banda karAyA thaa| pazuoMkI rakSA aura cikitsAkA bhI usane pinarApolake DhaMgapara prabaMdha kiyA thaa| kahate 1-ai0 bhA0 5 pR0 2.5 / 2-memo . pR. 49|3-ahih. 4. 185-190 / 4-meazo* pR. 49 /

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258 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | haiM ki piMjarApola saMsthAkA janma jainoMdvArA huA hai aura Aja bhI jainoMkI ora se aisI kaI saMsthAyeM cala rahI haiM / ' azokane kaI vAra jainoMkI taraha 'amArI ghoSa' ( abhayadAnakI ghoSaNA ) karAI thI / sArAMza yaha hai ki azokako pazurakSAkA pUrA dhyAna thA / koI vidvAn kahate haiM ki pazurakSAko usane itanA mahatva diyA thA ki usake nikaTa mAnavasamAjakI bhalAI gauNa thI / yaha ThIka vaisA hI lAJchana hai jaisA ki Aja jainoMpara vRthA hI Aropita kiyA jAtA hai; kintu ise azokakI pravRtti jainoMke samAna thI, yaha prakaTa hotA hai / azokane mAnavoMkI bhalAI ke kArya bhI aneka kiye the / unakI jIvanayAtrAyeM dhArmika kAryo ko karate hue vyatIta hoM, isaliye azokane unako dharmazikSA denekA khAsa prabandha kiyA thA / prANadaNDa pAye huye kedrIke jIvanako bhI bhaviSya meM sukhI banAneke liye unane umako dharmopadeza milanekA prabandha kiyA thA / kRtapApake liye pazcAtApa aura upavAsa karanese manuSya apanI gati sudhAra saktA hai / jainadharma meM ina bAtoMpara vizeSa mahatva diyA gayA hai / azoka bhI ina hIkI zikSA detA thA / usane kevala manuvyake parabhavakA hI dhyAna nahIM rakhA thA / vaha jAnatA thA ki dharma pAralaukika aura laukika ke bhedase do tarahakA hai| eka zrAvake liye yaha ucita hai ki vaha donoMkA abhyAsa sucAru rItise kare / azokane apanI zikSAoMse dharmake isa bhedakA pUrA dhyAna vakhA / 1- maiM azo0 0 pR0 49-50 / 2-agha0 pR0 163-167 - paMcama vilAlekha / 3 - adha0 10 139 / 4-adha0 10 310 - prathama stambha lekha |

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maurya-sAmrAjya / [159 usakI zikSAoM meM nimna bAtoMkA upadeza manuSyake pAralaukikaka dharmako lakSya karake diyA gayA thA, jo jainadharmake anukUla hai: (1) jIvita prANiyoMkI hiMsA na kI jAve' aura isakA amalI namUnA svayaM azokane apane rAjagharAneko zAbhonI banAkara upasthita kiyA thaa| hama dekha cuke haiM ki azokakA ahiMsAtatva bilkula jainadharmake samAna hai / vaha kahatA hai ki sanIva tuSako nahIM jalAnA cAhiye (tuse sanIve no jhApetavipe) aura na vanameM bhAga lagAnA caahiye| yaha donoM zikSAyeM jainadharma meM vizeSa mahatva rakhatI haiN| vanammatikAya, nalakAya AdimeM janoMne hI jIva batalAye haiN|' (2) mithyAtvavarddhaka sAmAjika rIti-nItiyoM ko nahIM karanA cAhiye -arthAta aise rIti rivAja jo kisIke bImAra honepara, kisIke putra-putrIke vivAhotsavapara athavA janmakI khuzI meM aura videzayAtrAke samaya kiye jAte haiM, na karanA caahiye| inako vaha pApavarddhaka aura nirarthaka batalAtA hai aura khAsakara usa samaya naba inakA pAlana striyoM dvArA ho, kAraNa ki inakA pariNAma maMdigdha aura phala nahIM ke barAbara hai| aura unakA phala kevala isa bhavameM milatA hai| inake sthAnapara vaha dhArmika rIti rivAnoM ko se guruoM kA Adara, prANiyoMkI nahiMsA. zramaNa aura brAhmaNoM ko dAna denA mAdi kriyAyoMkA pAlana karanekA upadeza detA hai| yahA~para azoka pragaTataH mole manuSyoMkI. devI, bhavAnI, yakSa, piTha : 1-aSa. pR. 14.tu gyAsa zilAma / 2-abha. pR. 152-153-4 MI-N.Pta ld II II tro. 4-adha. pR. 21vama shilaa|

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260] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / mAdikI mAnyatA manAne bhAdi baukika pAkhaNDakA virodha kara rahA hai / bhAratIya samAjameM yaha pAkhaNDa bar3e muddatoMse bar3ha rahA hai| mazokake lAkha upadeza denepara bhI Anataka yaha nirarthaka aura pApavarddhaka rIti nIti jIvita hai| loga aba bhI devI, bhavAnI, pIra-paigambara AdikI mAnyatAyeM manAkara sAMsArika bhogopabhogakI sAmagrIke pAlanekI lAlasA pAgala ho he haiN| azokakI yaha zikSA bhI ThIka jainadharmake anupAra hai / jaina zAstroM meM mithyAtvapAkhaNDakA ghora virodha kiyA gayA hai aura dhArmika kriyAyoMke karane kA upadeza hai|' (3) satya bolanA cAhiye-jainoMke paMcANuvratoMmeM yaha eka satyANuvrata hai|' (4) alpa vyaya aura alpabhAMDatAkA abhyAsa karanA arthAt thor3A vyaya karanA aura thor3A saMcaya karanA acchA hai| mazokakI isa zikSAkA bhAva janoMke parigraha pramANa ke samAna hai| zrAvaka isa vratako grahaNa varake icchAoM kA nirodha karatA hai aura malsa vyayI evaM alpa parigrahI hotA hai|' 1-upu. pR0 624 tathA ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcArameM likhate haiM: ApagAsAgarasnAnamuccayaH sikatAzmanAm / giripAto'gnipAtazca TokamUDhaM nigadyate // 1 // 22 // gharopalipsayAgavAn rAgadveSamalImasAH / devatA yadupAsIta devatAmUDhamucyate // 1 // 23 // 2-adha. pR0 96-brahma0 dvi0 zilAlekha / 3-tatvArthasUtrama a. * sutra. 1|4-adh0 pR. 131-tRtIya zilA0 / 5-dhanadhAnyAdigranthaM parimAya tato'dhikeSu niHspRhatA / parimitapariprahaH syAdicchAparimANanAmApi // 3 // 15 // -rtnkrnnddshraa0|

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maury-saamraajy| [261 (1) saMyama aura mAvazuddhikA honA Avazyaka hai| mazoka kahate haiM ki jo bahuta adhika dAna nahIM kara saktA use saMyama, bhAvazuddhi, kRtajJatA aura hada bhaktikA samyApta avazya karanA caahiye| eka zrAvakake liye deva aura gurukI pUnA karanA aura dAna denA mukhya kartavya batAye gaye haiN| azokane bhI brAhmaNa aura zramaNoMkA Adara karane evaM dAna dene kI zikSA janasAdhAraNako dI thii| yadi vaha dAna na desakeM to saMyama, bhAvazuddhi aura dRr3ha bhaktikA pAlana kreN| nainadharmameM ina bAtoMkA vidhAna khAsa taurapara humA milatA hai / saMyama aura bhAvazuddhiko upameM mukhyasthAna prApta hai|' (6) azokakI dharmayAtrAyeM -sva-para kalyANakArI yo|' unameM zramaNa aura brahmaNoM kA darzana karanA aura unheM dAna denA tathA grAmavAsiyoM ko upadeza denA aura dharmaviSayaka vicAra karanA bAvazyaka the| jaina saMghakA vihAra isI uddezyase hotA hai / jaina saMgha zrAvaka-zrAvikA sAdhujanake darzana pUnA karake puNya-bandha parate haiM aura unheM bar3e bhaktibhAvase mAhAra dAna dete haiN| sAdhunana athavA unake sAtha paMDitAcArya sarva sAdhAraNako dharmakA svarUpa 1-apa. pR. 189-saptama zinA / 2-dANaM pUjA mukkhaM sAvaya dhammo, ga mAvago teNa viNA |-kuNdkuNdaacaary| 3-adha* pR. 197 va 211-aSTama va navam zilA-a.paNa aura pramaNa' kA prayoga pahile gAdhAraNataH sAdhujanako lakSya kara kiyA jAtA thaa| 4-'bhAvo kAraNamRdo guNadoSAnaM jinnaaviti| -aSTapAhui pR. 162 / 'saMghama joge juto vo tavasA cehada bhaNegavidha / so kammaNijjAe viulae bahare jIvo ||24205||-mulaacaar / 5-apa. pR. 196-bhaarmshi.| 11 aSTama va navam shidkuNhaacaap| 3-avasAya

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262 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | samajhAte haiM aura khUba jJAna gudar3I lagatI hai| mAlUma hotA hai ki azoka ne apanI dharmayAtrAyoMkA DhAMcA jainasaMgha ke Adarzapara nirmita kiyA thA / (7) sarva prANiyoMkI rakSA, saMyama, samAcAraNa aura mArdava ( savabhUtAnaM achati, saMyama, samacariyaM, mAdavaM ca ) dharmakA pAlana karane kI zikSA azokane manuSyoMko parabhava sukha ke liye samucita rItyA dI thI / ' jaina dharma meM ina niyamoMkA vidhAna milatA hai / samAcaraNa vahAM vizeSa mahatva rakhatA hai / jaina muniyoMkA AcaraNa 'samAcAra' rUpa aura dharma sAmyabhAva kahA gayA hai| sarva prANiyoMkI rakSA, saMyama aura mArdava nainoMke dharmake daza aMgoMmeM milate haiN| (8) azoka kahate haiM ki 'ekAnta gharmAnurAga, vizeSa AtmaparIkSA, bar3I suzrUSA, bar3e bhaya aura mahAn utsAha ke vinA aihika aura pAralaukika donoM uddezya durlabha haiM / " jainoMko isa zikSAse kucha bhI virodha nahIM hosaktA / zrAvaka ke liye dharmedhyAnakA abhyAsa karanA upAdeya hai" aura AtmaparIkSA karanA - pratikramaNakA niyamita 1- adha0 pR0 250 - trayodaza zi0 / 2 - samadA sAmAcAro sammAcArI samo va AcAro / savvesiMhi sammANaM sAmAcAro du AcAro // 123 // 4 // mUlA * / athavA: - "cAritaM khalu dhammo, dhammo jo so samoti Nidiho / mohavakhoha vihINo, pariNAmo appaNo hi samo // 7 // pravacanasAra / 3 - "saMtImaddava ajjava lAghava tava saMjamo aciNA / taha hoi bahmaceraM saccaM cAo ya dasa - dhammA // 752 // - mulA0 / 4- adha0 pR0 310 - prathama staMbhalekha / 5- aSTapAhur3a 10 214 221 va 344

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mmmmmmar maurya-sAmrAjya / [263 vidhAna rakhanA jainadharmameM paramAvazyaka hai|' bar3ImuzrUSA vaiyAtratyahI dyotaka hai| bar3A bhaya saMsArasA bhaya aura usase chUTane kA dRr3ha anugaga bar3A utsAha hai|" . (9) azoka dharma pAlana karane kA upadeza dete the aura dharma yahI batAte the ki 'vyakti pApAzrava (apasavaH)se dUra rahe, bahutase acche kAma kare, dayA, dAna, satya aura zaucakA pAlana kre| azokane jJAna dAna diyA thA, pazuoM aura manuSyoMke liye cikitsAlaya khulavAkara auSadhidAnakA yaza liyA thA. vRddhoM aura garIboMke bhojanakA prabaMdha karake mAhAradAnakA puNyabaMdha upArjana kiyA thA aura jIvoM ko prANa-dakSiNA dekara, paramotkRSTa abhayabAnakA abhyApta kiyA thaa| jainadharmameM dAna ThIka isI prakAra cAra tarahakA batAyA gayA hai|" jainadharmameM hI karmavargaNAoM ke mAzrava honepara pApabandha hotA likhA hai| azoka bhI pApakI vyAkhyA ThIka aisI hI kara rahA hai / pApakI vyAkhyA vaidika aura baudhoke sarvathA pratikUla hai; kyoMki ina donoM darzanoM meM karma 1-mUlA0 pR. 11 va / 2-aSTapAda pR. 235 / 3-jiNavayaNamaNugaNetA saMsAra mahAbhayaMpi citaMtA / gamavasadI bhIdA bhIdA puNa jammamaraNetu ||805||-muulaa0 / patthi bhaya maraNe smN|' -muulaa| 4- ucchaMmbamAvaNAsaM pasaMsasevA sudaMsaNe svaa| bahadi jiNa sammataM kurato mANamaggeNa ||4||bhsstt. pR0 89 / 5-6. adha0 pR. 317-dvitIya staMbhalekha / *-apa0 / 8-apa. pR. 371-380-saptama staMbhalesa / 9-apa. pR. 1vijaya saMmaya / 10-vaMtyAM0 pR. 55 / "-pravacanasAra TIna ra 2 pR. 132 va tatvAvaM. pR. 114 /

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264] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / eka aisA sUkSma pudgala padArtha nahIM mAnA gayA hai jisakA Azrava hosake / dayA, dAna, satya aura zauca dharma bhI jainamatameM mAnya hai| (10) azokane aMkita karAyA thA ki AtmaparIkSA bar3I kaThina hai, to bhI manuSyako yaha dekhanA cAhiye ki caMDatA, niSThuratA, krodha, mAna aura IrSyA yaha saba pApake kAraNa haiM / vaha inase dUra rahe / ' kArAgArameM par3e huye prANadaNDa puraskRta kaidiyoM ke liye bhI azokane tIna dinakA avakAza diyA thA, jisameM ve aura unake saMbaMdhI upavAsa, dAna Adi dvArA parabhavako sudhAra skeN| eka dharmaparAyaNake rAjAke liye aisA karanA nitAMta svAbhAvika thaa| azokakI yaha zikSA bhI jainadharmake anukUla hai| kaidiyoM kA dhyAna samAdhimagNakI ora AkarSita karanA usake liye svAbhAvika thaa| jainakA svabhAva hI aisA hojAtA hai ki vaha dUsaroM ko kevala jIvita hI na rahane de, pratyuta usakA jIvana sukhamaya ho, aise upAya kare / azoka bhI yahI karatA hai| isa prakAra azokane jo bAteM pAralaukika dharmake liye bhAvazyaka batAI haiM, vaha jainadharma meM mukhya sthAna rakhatI haiM / hAM, itanI bAta dhyAna rakhanekI avazya hai ki azokane apane zAsana lekhoMmeM laukika aura pArilaukika dharmameM brAhmaNa-zramaNakA Adara karanA, dAna denA, jIvoMkI rakSA karanA, kRta pApoMse nivRta honeke liye mAtma parIkSA karanA aura vrata upavAsa karanA mukhya haiN| inhIM pAMca bAtoMke antargata avazeSa bAteM pAnAtI haiN| aura inhIM pAMca bAtoMkA 1-adha0 pR. 324-tRtIya stNbhlekh| 2-adha0 pR. 339 / 3-bhAazo0 pR0 126-127 /

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maurya sAmrAjya / [265 upadeza jaina zAstroMmeM milatA hai| saba jIvopara dayA karanA, dAma denA, guruoMkI vinaya aura unakI mUrti banAkara punA karanA, rutpApoka liye pratikramaNa karanA aura parva dinoM meM upavAsa karanA eka zrAvakake liye bhAvazyaka karma hai| azoka yaha bhI kahate haiM ki dharmako cAhe sarva rUpeNa pAlana karo aura cAhe eka dezarUpa, parantu karo avazya ! aura vaha yaha mI batalA dete haiM ki sarvarUpeNa dharmakA pAlana karanA mahAkaThina hai| yahAMpara unhoMne spaSTataH na zAstroM meM batAye huye dharmake do meda-(1) anagAra dharma aura (2) mAgAra dharmakA ullekha kiyA hai| managAra-zramaNa dharmameM dhArmika niyamoM pUrNa pAlana karanA par3atA hai; kintu sAgAra dharmameM vahI bAteM eka deza-mAMzika rUpameM pAlI jAtI hai| isa avasthA azokakA pAralaukika dharmake liye jo bAteM mAvazyaka batAI haiM, unase bhI nainoMko kucha virodha nahIM hai| kyoMki vaha samyaktvameM bAdhaka nahIM haiN|' tisapara jaina zAstroMmeM unakA viSAna humA milatA hai / azoka laukika dharmake ho liye kahate hai ki: (1) mAtA-pitAkI sevA karanA caahiye| vidyArthIko bhAcA1-lpasUtra pR0 32-jarAepo0 mA0 1 pR0 172 phuTanoTa / 2-adha. 1. 109-saptama zilA* / 3-apa. pR. 220-zi. " / . 4-aSTapAhuDa pR. 94 3 99 5-do hi dho gRhaspAnA laukika: pAralauzikaH / loDApro mavedAyaH paraH syAdAgamAzrayaH // sarva eva hi nAnAM pramANaM loko vidhiH / yatra sampakatva hAni yatra bataSaNama // "

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266] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / yakI sevA karanA cAhiye aura apane jAti bhAiyoM ke prati ucita vartAva karanA caahiye|' (brahmagirikA dvi0zi0, adha04096) (2) manuSya va pazu cikitsAkA prabandha karanA cAhiye / phUla phala jahAM na hoM, vahAM bhijavAnA cAhiye aura mArgoM meM pazuoM va manuSyoMke mArAmake liye vRkSa lagavAnA va ku~yeM khudavAnA caahie|' (3) bandhuoMkA Adara aura vRddhoMkI sevA karanI caahiye| (caturtha zi0 ) vRddhoMke darzana karanA aura unheM suvarNadAna denA cAhiye / ( aSTama zi0) (4) dAsa aura sevakoM ke prati ucita vyavahAra aura guruoMkA Adara karanA cAhiye / ( navama zi0 ) (5) aura anAtha evaM dukhiyoMke prati dayA karanA cAhiye / (saptama stambha lekha) ina laukika kAryoMko azoka mahatvakI dRSTise nahIM dekhate the| vaha sApha likhate haiM ki 'yaha upakAra kucha bhI nahIM hai / pahileke rAjAoMne aura maiMne bhI vividha prakArake sukhoMse logoMko sukhI kiyA hai kintu maiMne yaha sukhakI vyavasthA isaliye kI hai ki loga dharmake anusAra AcaraNa kreN| ataH mazokake nikaTa dharmakA mUla bhAva pAralaukika dharmase thaa| laukika dharma sambandhI kArya mUla dharmakI vRddhi ke liye unane niyata kiye the / jainadharmameM laukika 1-'tiNahaM huppADa AraM samaNAAso ve jahA / amapiuNo bhadidAyagassa dhammApariyasva // 2-momadevaH-'mAtA-pinozca pUjaka:-zrI maNAnagami / -agha* pR. 376-saptama stambha lekha /

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maury-saamraajy| [267. kAryoM ko karanA pArilaukika dharmameM sahAyaka honeke liye batAyA hai| pravRtti bhI nirvRtikI ora le jAnevAlI hai| azoka bhI isa mukhya medake mahatvako spaSTa karake tadrUpa upadeza dete haiN| nisaprakAra azokakI dhArmika zikSAyeM jainadharma ke anukUla haiM, azokane ke usI prakAra unake sAmana-lekhoMkI bhASAmeM bhI pAramASika zabda bhaneka bAteM janadharmakI dyotaka haiM / khAsa bAta vyavahRta kie the| to yaha hai ki unhoMne apane zAsana-lekha prArUna bha.pa.omeM likhAye haiN| jaise ki nainoMke graMtha isI bhASAmeM likhe gaye haiN| azokakI prAkRta janoMkI apabhraMza prakRtase milatI julatI hai|' timapara unhoMne jo nimna zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, vaha khAma janoM ke bhAva hai aura jainadharmameM ve zabda pAribhASika rUpa (Technical Term) meM vyavahRta huye haiM; yathAH (1) zrAvaka yA upAsaka-zabda kA prayoga rUpanAtha ke prathama ghu zilAlekha vairATa aura sahasarAmakI AvRtimeM huA hai / jaina dharmameM ye zabda eka gRhaske yotaka haiN| baura dharmameM zrAvaka usa sAdhuko kahate haiM mo vihAroMmeM rahate haiN| ataH yaha zabda azobake natvakA paricAyaka hai| (2) prANa-kara brahmagirika disIya madhu zigalesameM abuka mA hai| anamane saMsArI bhI daza pANa mAne gaye haiM 1-mAhabAjagaDhI mora mansAsako vikalopara khusI huI bokasI pramastiyoSI bhASA jaina napazake smaan| devo 'prAkAna' by Dr.R. Hoanle, Calcutta, 1880. Introduction 2 pR. 19* malina, 1. 1 /

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- 268 ] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| aura unhIMke anusAra kamatI bar3hatI rUpameM saMsArI jIvoMke vividha bheda hI huye haiN|' (3) jIvazabdakA vyavahAra prathama zilAlekhameM huA hai| jainadharmameM 'jIva' sAta tatvoMmeM prathama tatva mAnA gayA hai|' (4) zramaNa zabda tRtIya va anya zilAlekhoMmeM milatA hai| jaina sAdhu aura jaina dharma kramazaH zramaNa aura zramaNadharma nAmase paricita hai| (5) prANa anArambha zabda tRtIya zilAlekha meM hai / jainoM meM yaha zabda pratirodha rUpameM "pANArambha" rUpameM milatA hai| (6) bhUta zabda caturtha zilAlekhameM prayukta huA hai| jaina zAstroMmeM jIvake sAtha isa zabdakA bhI vyavahAra humA milatA hai| 1-paMcavi indiyapANA maNavacikAyA ya tiNi balapANA / ANappANappANo AugapANeNa hoti dasapANA // 57 // pravacanasAra / 2-tatvArthAdhigama sUtra 1 / 4-506 / 3-mUlAcAra pR. 318 va kalpasUtra pR0 83 / 4-suvvaM pANAraMbha paccakkhAmi alIyavaNaM ca / sabamadattAdANaM mehUNa pariggahaM ceva // 4 // mUlA. 5-Js. Pt I & II Intro. aura mUlA. pR. 204 yathA:bhazokane jIva, pANa, bhUta aura jAta zabdokA jo vyavahAra kiyA hai vaha 'AcArAgasatra (S. B. E. P. 36 XXII ) ke isa vAkya arthAt pANA-bhUyA-jIvA-sattA ke bilkula samAna hai| bezaka azo- kane inakA vyavahAra eka sAtha nahIM kiyA hai; kintu inane prANa va bhUta ( anAraMbho prANAnAM avihiMsA bhUtAnAM ) kA vyavahAra sAtha * karake spaSTataH ina zabdoke pArasparika bhedako svIkAra kiyA hai; jaise ki baina prakaTa karate hai / (bhAayo0 pR. 137) di. jainoMke pratikramaNameM bhI " pANabhada jIvasattANaM " rUpameM isakA ullekha hai| (prAvaka pratikramaNa pU05)

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maurya-sAmrAjya / [ 269 (7) kalpa zabdakA vyavahAra paMcama zilAlekhameM humA hai| janoMkI kAlagaNanAmeM kalpakAla mAnA gayA hai|' (8) eka deza zabda saptama zilAlekhameM milatA hai / jainadharmameM bhI bhAMzika dharmako eka deza dharma batAyA gayA hai / / (9) sambodhikA prayoga aSTama zilAlekha meM hai| jainazAstra meM bodhi samyagdarzanakI prAptiko kahA gayA hai| (10) vacana guptikA upadeza bArahaveM zilAlekhameM hai ki apane dharmase bhinna dharmoM ke prati vacana gupti kA abhyAsa karo, nimase paraspara aikyakI bar3havArI ho / gupti nainadharmameM tIna mAnI gaI haiM(1) managupti (2) vacanagupti aura (3) kAyagupti / ' anyatra yaha bheda nahIM milatA hai| (11) samabAyakA vyavahAra bhI bArahaveM zilAlekhameM hai| jaina dvAdazAMgameM eka aMga anyakA nAma 'samavAyAMga' hai|' (12) vedanIya zabda trayodaza zilAlekhameM mazokane duHkha prakAzake liye prayukta kiyA hai| jainadharma meM bhI vedanIya zabda duHkha mukhakA dyotaka mAnA gayA hai aura ATha karmoM meM eka karmakA nAma hai|' .. jo samo sababhudesu tasesu thAvAMsuya / jassa rAgo ya domo ya vi iNa jaNeti du // 526 // malA* / 1-" payaryAlayamANamAo payaliyamicchattamohasamacitto / pAvaha tihuvaNapA vohI jiNasAsaNe jIvo ||7||'-asstt0 pR. 215 2-puruSArthasiddhayupAya 417 / 3-'sepa bhavamayamahaNI bodhI |'-muutthaa* pR. 277 4-mUtrAcAra pR0 115 va tatvAvaM. pR. 175-1.6|5-ttvaa vigamasUtra, pR. 3. / 6-tatvAdhigamasUtra, pR. 16. /

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A 270 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / (13) apAsinave (apAsra3) zabdakA prayoga dvitIya saMbha lekhameM pAparUpameM huA hai| jainadharmameM mAnava zubha aura azubha hI mAnA gayA hai / azubha athavA apa Asaba pApa kahA gayA hai| (14) Asinava jo 'mAnava' zabdakA apabhraMza hai tRtIya stambha lekhameM vyavahRta huA hai / jaina zabda 'aNhaya', aura yaha donoM eka hI dhAtuse bane haiN| yaha aura mAnava zabda samAnavAcI haiN| Asrava zabda bauDoM dvArA bhI vyavahRta huA hai kintu azokane isa zabdakA vyavahAra unake bhAvameM nahIM kiyA hai| khAsa bAta yahAM dRSTavya yaha hai ki isa staMbhalekhameM Asrava (mAsinava ) ke sAtha2 azokane pApakA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| DaoN0 bhAMDArakara kahate haiM ki bauddha darzanameM pApa aura asatra, aise do bheda nahIM haiN| unake nikaTa pApa zabda AsavakA dyotaka hai / kintu jainadharmameM pApa malaga mAne gaye haiM aura Asrava unase bhinna batAye gaye haiN| kaSAyoM ke vaza hokara pApa kiye jAte aura mAnavakA saMcaya hotA hai| krodha, mAna, ma.yA, loma rUpa cAra kaSAya haiM / azoka krodha aura mAnakA ullekha pApAsabake kAraNa rUpameM karatA hai / azokakI IrSyA jainoMke dveSa yA IrSyA ke samAna haiM / caMDatA aura niSThuratA jainoM kI hiMsAke antargata samiSTa hote haiN| yaha pApa aura Asakke kAraNa hai| isa prakAra azoka yahAM bhI bauddha yA kisI anya dharmake siddhAMtoM aura pAribhASika zabdoMkA vyavahAra na karake jainoMke siddhAnta aura unake pAribhASika zabdoM kA prayoga kara rahA hai| - tattvAdhigamana:pR. 124 / 2-pIprakiyA iNDiyA mA 2 pu. 250 / 3-mAyo pR. 127

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maurya sAmrAjya / [271 (15) dvipadacatupadeSu pakSivAricareSu-( dupadacatupadeza pakhivAlicalesu) vAkya dvitIya stambha lekhameM milatA hai / yahAM pazuoMke bheda ginAye haiM, jinapara azokane anugraha kiyA thA aura yaha noMke tIna prakArake batAye huye tiryacoMke samAna haiM / jainoMke paMcendriya niyaMca jIva (1) jalacara (2) thalacara aura (3) namacara isa taraha tIna prakArake haiN| (16) jIvanikAya zabda-paMcama stambha lekhameM AyA hai aura isa rUpameM isakA vyavahAra jainoMke zAstroMmeM huA milatA hai| (17) proSadha zabda paMcama stambhalekhameM hai aura jainoMmeM yaha proSadhopavAsa khAsa taurapara pratipAdita hai| (18) dharmadRddhi zabda SaSTama stambhalekhameM prayukta hai / jaina sAdhuoM dvArA isa zabdakA vizeSa prayoga hotA hai aura nainoMko dharmavRddhikA vizeSa dhyAna rahatA hai| hama prakAra janoMke uparokta khAsa zabdoM kA vyavahAra karanese samAna bhI azokakA jaina honA pramANita hai| tisasimAMta jainamatA- para unake zAna lekhoMse jina dhArmika siddhAM nusAra haiN| ntoM meM unakA vizvAsa pragaTa hotA hai, vaha bhI jainadharmake bhanukUla hai| jaise: (1) azoka prANiyoM ke acche bure kAmoM ke anusAra mukhadularUpa phala milanA likhane haiN| vaha pApasAko ekamAtra 1-"yiye pracalatAya mayA pramAdA dekendriyapramukha jIniklaba baadhaa|' ityAdi / 2-IMNamApakAcAra 4-16 m0|3-caar varSa 50 392 / 4-caturSa, narama ei prayodaza zilAresa-ameso. mA. "pR0 259 /

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272 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | vipatti batalAte haiM / ' jaina dRSTise yaha bilkula ThIka hai / AsavakA nAza honepara hI jIva paramasukha pA saktA hai / ' azokane Asava zabdako jaina bhAvameM prayukta kiyA hai, yaha likhA jAcukA hai / ataeva azokakA zraddhAna ThIka jainoM ke anupAra hai ki prANiyoMkA saMsAra svayaM unake acche bure karmopara nirbhara hai / koI sarvazaktizAlI Izvara unako sukhI banAnevAlA nahIM hai / karmavargaNAoMkA Agamana (a.sa) roka diyA jAya, to AtmA sukhI hojAya / 1 4 (2) AtmAkA aparapanA yadyapi azokane spaSTataH svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai; kintu unhoMne parabhavameM AtmAko ananta sukha kA upabhoga karane yogya likhA hai / isase spaSTa hai ki vaha AtmAko mamara - avinAzI mAnate haiM aura yaha jaina mAnyatA ke anukUla hai / (3) lokake viSaya meM bhI azokakA vizvAsa janoM ke anukU pratIta hotA hai / vaha ihaloka aura paralokakA bheda sthApita karake AtmA ke sAtha lokakA sanAtana rUpa spaSTa kara dete haiM / unake nikaTa loka anAdi hai; jisameM jIvAtmA anaMta kAlataka anaMta sukhakA upabhoga kara saktA hai| kiMtu azoka 'valA - kAla' kI ullekha karake loka vyavahAra meM jo yahAM parivartana hote rahate haiM, unakA bhI saMketa kara rahe haiM / jaina kahate haiM ki yadyapi yaha loka anAdi 1 nidhana hai, para bharatakhaNDameM isameM ulaTaphera hotI rahatI hai; jisake 1- dazama zilAlekha - adha0 pR0 220 / 2 - tatvArtha0 a0 6-10 / 3 - jamIso0 bhA0 17 pR0 270 / 4- eko me sAsado appA NANadaMsaNa lakkhaNo / sesA me bAhirA bhAvA savve saMjoga lakkhaNA // 8 // - kundakundAcAyaiH / 5- adha0 pR0 268 - trayodaza zi0 / 6 - adha0 pR0 148 va 163caturtha va paMcama zilA0 /

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maurya sAmrAjya | [ 273 kAraNa imakA Adi aura aMta hai / eka parivartana athavA ulaTaphera 'kalpa' kahalAtA hai / ' (4) dharma ke siddhAMta meM azoka jIvoMkI rakSA athavA ahiMsAko muruSa mAnate haiM / unake nikaTa ahiMsA hI dharma hai / jaina zAstroM meM bhI ghamaM dayAmaI athavA ahiMsAmaI nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai / usameM dharma ke nAmapara yajJameM bhI hiMsA karane kI manAI hai / azodhne bhI yahI kiyA thA / 4 (5) dharmadha pAlana pratyeka prANI kara saktA hai / jainadharmakI zaraName Akara kSudrame kSudra jIva apanA AtmakalyANa kara sattA hai| ThIka ina udAgvRttakA anumaraNa azoka ne kiyA thA / unakA pratighoSa thA ki dharmaviSayaka udyogake phalako kevala bar3e hI loga pAsake aisI bAta nahIM hai kyoMki choTe loga bhI udyoga kareM to mahAna svarga kA sukha pAsakte haiM / isa prakAra unhoMne dharmAgaghanakI svataMtratA pratyeka prANI ke liye kara dI thI aura isa bAta kA prayatna kiyA thA ki harakoI dharmakA abhyAsa kare | unakA yaha kArya bhI yajJa-hiMsA ke pratirodhakI taraha vaidika mAnyatAkA lopa thA / brAhmaNa samudAyakA zraddhAna au' vyavahAra thA ki dhArmika kArya karanekA pUrNa adhikAra unhIMko prApta hai| azokane bhagavAna mahAvIrake upadezake anusAra pratyeka prANIko Atma-svAtaMtrya aura puNyasaMcaya : 1- dharmamahiMmArUpaM saMyantopi ye parityaktum / sthAvara hiMsAmasahAstrasahiMsAM te'pi muMcantu // 75 - puruSArthasiddhapurAya / 2 - mUlAcAra pR0 108 va um0 / 3-vIra varSa 5 10 230-234 // 4- rUpanAtha aura sahasarAma ke zilAlekha; maraDIkA zi0 va brahmagirIkA ziLA0 / 18

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274 ] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| karanekA adhikAra dekara brAhmaNoMkI isa mAnyatAko naSTaprAya kara diyA thA / uparokta pAMcoM bAtoM kA zraddhAna rakhane aura tahata prayatna karanese unane yahAM satya dharmakA sikkA jamA diyA thaa| unase kaI sau varSoM pahalese jo manuSya (arthAta brAhmaNa) yahAM sacce mAne nAte the, ve apane devatAoM sahita jhUThe siddha kara diye gaye; yaha vaha svayaM batalAte haiN|' (6) dharmakA pAlana pUrNa aura AMzikarUpameM kiyA jAtA hai| nainazAstroM meM yaha bheda nirdiSTa hai| azoka bhI eka deza athavA pUrNarUpameM dharmakA pAlana karanekI salAha dete haiM / tathApi vaha sAvadhAnatApUrvaka kaha rahe haiM ki Azravake phaMdese tabahI chUTA (aparisrave) jAsaktA hai, jaba saba parityAga karake bar3A parAkrama kiyA nAya ! yaha bar3A parAkrama tyAgake paramoccapada zramaNake atirikta aura kucha nahIM hai| jainazAstroM kA ThIka yahI upadeza hai| (7) azokake nikaTa devatAoMkI mAnyatA bhI jainoMke samAna thii| vaha kahate haiM ki devatAoMkA sammizraNa yahAMke logoMke sAtha banda horahA thA; upako unhoMne phira jIvita kara diyA / jainazAstroMkA kathana hai, jaise ki samrATa candraguptake solaha svapnoMmase eka svapnake phalarUpa batalAyA gayA hai ki aba ima paMcama kAlameM devatA loga yahAM nahIM mAyeMge; ThIka yahI bAta azoka kara rahe haiN| 1-adha0 pR. 74-75 rUpanAthakA prathama laghu. shilaa0| 2-adha. pR0 189 sptmshilaa| 3-adha0 pR0 020 dazamazilA / 4-jaisU0, bhA0 2 10 57 va apAhui pR0. 38-40 va 99 / 5-rUpanAthaka prathama laghu zalA0-jagaepo0 san 1911 pR. 114|6-jaihi. bhA. 13 pR. 23 /

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maurya sAmrAjya | [ 275 unhoMne ima abhAvakI pUrtike sadaprayatna kiye aura logoMko devayonike astitvakA patA batAnekA prayatna kiyA / devatAloga svayaM to A nahIM sakte the / ataeva azokane unake pratibimba logoMko dikhAye | 1 vimAna dikhalAkara vaimAnika devatAoMkA divyarUpa logoMko darzA diyA ! ina devatAoMke indrakA aigavata hAthI jaina logoM bahuprasiddha hai / jaba tIrthaMkara bhagavAnakA janma hotA hai taba indra imI hAthIpara car3hakara AtA hai / Ajakala bhI jaina rathayAtrAoMmeM kATha vagairaha bane hue aise hI hAthI nikAle jAte haiM / azoka ne bhI aise hI hAthI jalamame dikhAye the / 'agni- skaMSa' dikhalAkara azokane jyotiSI devoMke astitvakA vizvAma logoM ko karAyA pratIta hai; kyoMki ina devoMkA zarIra agni ke samAna jyoti 5 X maiya hotA hai / zeSameM bhavanavAmI deva raha gaye | azokane inake darzana bhI logoM ko anya divyarUpa dikhalAkara karA diye the| sArAMzataH azokakI yaha mAnyatA bhI janoMkI deva yonike varNana se TI samAnatA rakhatI hai / isase yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki azokako ' mUrtipUjA' se paraheja nahIM thaa| jainoM ke yahAM tIrthaMkara bhagavAnakI mUrtiyAM sthApita karake pUjA karanekA rivAja bahuprAcIna hai / (8) azoka saba dhArmika kAryoM kA phala svarga-sukhakA milanA batalAtA hai / usane mokSa athavA nirvANakA nAma ullekha bhI nahIM kiyA hai| bauddha darzana meM 'nirvANa' hI jIvana athavA arhatu padakA aMtima phaLa likhA gayA hai; kintu azoka usakA kahIM nAma bhI 1- adha0 pR0 146 -paMcamazilA 2-hari0 10 11 / 3-adha0 pR0 147 / 4- tatvArtha0 4 / 1 / * Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat I www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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276] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / nahIM lete haiN| isI taraha jaina zAstroM meM mokSa hI manuSya kA aMtima dhyeya batAyA gayA hai; para azoka usakA bhI ullekha nahIM karate haiN| kintu unakA mokSake viSayameM kucha bhI na kahanA jana dRSTise ThIka hai; kyoMki vaha jAnate the ki isa jamAne meM koI bhI yahAMse utta parama padako nahIM pAsaktA hai aura vaha yahAMke logoMke liye dharmArAdhana karanekA upadeza derahe haiN| vaha kaise una bAtoM kA upadeza deM athavA ullekha kareM jisako yahAMke manuSya isa kAlameM pAhI nahIM sakte haiN| jaina zAstra spaSTa kahate haiM ki paMcamakAlameM (vartamAna samayameM) koI bhI manuSya-ca he vaha zrAvaka ho athavA muni mokSa lAbha nahIM kara skaa| vaha svargauke sukhoMko pAsaktA hai| phira eka yaha bAta bhI vicAraNIya hai ki azoka kevala dharmArAdhanA karanepara jora derahA hai aura yaha kArya zubharUpa tathApi puNya pradAyaka hai / jaina zAstrAnupAra isa zubha kAryakA phala svarga sukha hai| isI kAraNa azokane logoM ko svarga-prApti karanekI ora AkRSTa kiyA hai / usake batAye hue dharma kAryoMse sivAya svarga sukhake aura kucha mila hI nahIM saktA thaa| (9) kRta aparAdhako azoka kSamA kara dete the, kevala isa zartapara ki aparAdhI svayaM upavAsa va dAna kare athavA usake saMbaMdhI vaisA kre| hama dekha cuke haiM ki jaina zAstroM meM prAyazcittako vizeSa mahatva diyA huA hai| gahI, nindA, mAlocanA aura pratikramaNa 1-jamIso0 bhA0 17 pR. 271 / 2-ajjavi tigyaNasuddhA appA jhAebi lahai iMdattaM / loyaMtiyadevattaM tattha cuANi budi jaMti ||7||-asstt0 10 338 3-dhammeNa pariNadappA, appA jadi susampayoga judo| pAvadi NivANasuI, suhovajutto va saggasaha // 11||-prvcnmaar TIkA bhA0 1 pR. 39 / 4-stamma dekha 7 va jameso* bhA0. 15. pR0. 279 / ,.

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maurya sAmrAjya / [277 karake koI bhI prANI kRtapApake doSase vimukta hotA hai| use kAyosarga aura upavAsa vizeSa rUpameM karane par3ate haiN| jinendra bhagavAnakI pUjana va dAna bhI yathAzakti karanA hotA hai| ataeva kRta pApake doSase chUTaneke liye azokane jo niyama nirdhArita kiyA thA, vaha nenoM ke anusAra hai ! isa prakAra svayaM azokake zAsana-lekhoM tathApi pUrvollikhita svAdhIna mAkSIse yaha spaSTa hai ki mazokakA sambandha avazya jaina dharmase thaa| hamAre vicArase vaha prArammameM eka zrAvaka (jaina gRhastha) thA aura apane jIvana ke aMtima samaya taka vaha bhAva apekSA jaina thA; yadyapi pragaTameM usane udAravRtti grahaNa karalI thI / brAhmaNoM, mAjIvikoM aura bauddhoMkA bhI vaha samAna rItise Adara karane lagA thaa| mAlUma hotA hai ki bauddha dharmakI ora vaha kucha adhika sadaya huA thaa| yadyapi usake zAsana lekhoMmeM aisI koI zikSA nahIM hai no khAsa baudoMkI ho| akabarake samAna "dIna ilAhI" kI taraha yadyapi azokane koI svataMtra mata nahIM calAyA thA, taumI usakI aMtima dhArmika pravRtti akabarake samAna thii| maina 'akabarako jainadharmAnuyAyI humA prakaTa karate haiN| yaha ThIka hai ki azokake viSayameM jaina zAstroMmeM sAmAnya varNana hai kintu isase 1-dekho prAyazcitta saMgraha-mANikacanda pranthamAlA / 2-apa. pU. 161-paSThama stambha lekha / 3-maibu. 1.112; senArTa; iai* mA020 pR. 26. samIyo0 mA. 17 pR. 271-275 / 4-azoka sApha likhatA hai ki 'mere mata' meM bhavatA 'merA upadeza hai (1-2 kaliMga zilAna bama saptama stamma Desa) bhavaH unakA nijI mata kisI sampravAsa vizeSase bhantameM bhavalaMbita nahIM thaa| 5-asU. pR0 19. /

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278 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | hamArI mAnyatA meM kucha bAghA nahIM mAtI; azokakA nAmollekha taka jaina zAstroMmeM na hotA to bhI koI harja hI nahIM thA / kyoMki hama jAnate haiM ki pahileke jaina lekhakoMne itihAsakI ora vizeSa rItise dhyAna nahIM diyA thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki khAravela mahAmeghavAhana jaise dharmaprabhAvaka jaina samrATkA nAma nizAna taka jaina zAstroMmeM nahIM milatA / ataH azokapara jainadharmakA vizeSa prabhAva janmase par3A mAnanA aura vaha eka samaya zrAvaka the, yaha pragaTa karanA kucha anucita nahIM hai| unake zAsanalekhoMke stambha Adipara jaina cihna milate haiM / siMha aura hAthIke 1 cihna jainoMke nikaTa vizeSa mAnya haiN| azokake staMbhoMpara siMhakI mUrti banI huI milatI hai aura yaha usa DhaMgapara hai, jaise ki anya jaina stambhoM meM milatI hai| yaha bhI unake jainatvakA dyotaka hai / kiMtu hamArI yaha mAnyatA Ajakalake adhikAMza vidvAnoMke azokako bauddha mAnanA matake viruddha hai / Ajakala prAyaH yaha ThIka nahIM hai / sarvamAnya hai ki azoka apane rAjyake nave varSase bauddha upAsaka ho gayA thaa| kiMtu yaha mata pahilese 2 1- ye donoM kramaza: antima aura dUsare tIrthadUroMke cinha hai aura inakI mAnyatA jainoMmeM vizeSa hai / ( vIra* bhA0 3 pR0 466-468 ) mi0 TaoNmaeNsane bhI jaina cinhoMkA mahatva svIkAra kiyA hai aura kuhAUMke jaina staMbhapara siMhakI mUrti aura usakI banAvaTa azoka ke stambhoM jaisI batAI hai / ( jarAeso0 bhA0 9 pR0 161 va 188 phuTanoTa naM0 2 ) takSazilA ke jaina stUpoMke pAsase jo staMbha nikale hai unapara bhI siMha hai| (takSa0 pR0 73) zravaNabelagola ke eka zilAlekhake prArambhameM hAthIkA cinha hai / 2Iai0 bhA0 20 pR0 230 /

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. maurya-sAmrAjya / [279 hI azokake bauddhatvako vAstavika mAnakara vihAnoMne svIkAra kiyA hai, varan aisA koI spaSTa kAraNa nahIM hai ki unheM bauda mAnA jAve / yaha mata nayA bhI nahIM hai| DaoN0 phlITa, mi0 mekaphaila, mi* monahana aura mi0 herasane azokako bauddha dharmAnuyAyI pragaTa nahIM kiyA thA / DaoN. karna' aura DaoN0 senArTa va halza sA. bhI mazokake zAsana lekhoMmeM koI bAta khAsa bauddhatvakI paricAyaka nahIM dekhate haiM, kiMtu vaha bauddhoMke siMhalIya graMthoMke AdhArapara azokako bauDa humA mAnate haiM / aura unakI yaha mAnyatA vizeSa mahatvazAlI nahIM hai kyoMki bauddhoMke siMhalIya athavA 4 thI se 6 ThI za0 takake anya grantha kAlpanika aura avizvasanIya pramAmita huye haiN| tathApi rUpanAthake prathama laghu zilAlekhake ASArase jo azokako bauddha upAsaka humA mAnA jAtA hai, vaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki bauddha upAsakake liye zrAvaka zabda vyavahRta nahIM hosakA hai jaise ki isa lekha meM vyavahRta huA hai| bauddhoMke nikaTa zrAvaka zabda vihAroM meM rahanevAle bhikSuoM kA paricAyaka hai| aura uparokta lekha evaM anya lekhoMse prakaTa hai ki azoka usasamaya eka upAsaka the| 1-jarAepo, 1908, pR0 491-492 / 2-azo0 pR. 48 / 3-bhI hisTro Apha baMgAla pR. 214 / -jamIso0 mA0 17 pR. 271-275 / 5-mebu0 10 112 / 6ai0 mA0 20 pR0 260 / U-C. J. J. I. p. XIX amIso. mA. 1. pR. 21 / 8-zo. pR. 191 23; bhAmaco. pR. 96aura mainu. pR. 110 / 9-apa0 pR. 69|10-mmbu. mRmikA * 12 / "-apa. pR.

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280] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| maskIke zilAlekhameM unakA ullekha 'eka buddha zAkya' ke nAmase avazya huA hai; kiMtu yaha unake jJAnaprAptikA dyotaka hI mAnA gayA hai| isase yaha prakaTa nahIM hotA ki azorane bauddhadharmakI dIkSA lI thii| hAM, yaha spaSTa hai ki vaha zrAvaka athavA upAsaka huA thA, jase ki vaha svayaM kahatA hai / isase bhAva vratI zrAvaka honeke haiM / kiMtu agAr3I azoka kahatA hai ki karIba eka varSase kucha adhika samaya huA ki jabase maiM saMgha AyA hUM tabase maiMne acchI taraha udyoga kiyA hai| bauddhagranthoM meM bhI azokake bauddhasaMghameM AnekI isa ghaTanAkA ullekha hai / bulhara, smitha aura TaoNmasa sA0 ne isa parase azokako bauddhasaMghameM sammilita huA hI mAna liyA thaa| DaoN0 bhANDArakara azokako bauddha bhikSu huA nahIM mAnate; balki kahate haiM ki saMghameM azoka eka 'bhikSugatika'ke rUpameM avazya rahA thaa| kiMtu mi0 herasa kahate haiM ki vaha bauddhasaMghameM sammilita nahIM huA thaa| azoka bauddha saMghame gayA avazya thA, aura bhikSunIvanakI tapasyAkA usapara prabhAva bhI par3A thA; kiMtu itanepara bhI usane bauddhadharmakI dIkSA nahIM lI thii| isa ghaTanAke bAda azokane do zAsanalekha pragaTa kiye the| eka rUpanAthavAlA zilAlekha hai jo mAdhAraNa janatAko lakSya karake likhA gayA hai aura dusarA kalakattA vairATavAlA zilAlekha hai, nisako unhoMne bauddhasaMghako lakSya karake likhA hai / rUpanAthavAlA ... 1-jamIso. bhA0 17 pR. 273 / 2-adha0 pR0, 73-74 / -mahAvaMza (kolambo) pR. 23 / 4-jamIso. bhA0 17 pR. 274 / 5-mAazo0 pR. 79-80 / 6-jamIso0 bhA0 17 pR. 272:276 /

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maurya-sAmrAjya / [281 zilAlekha yadyapi baudasaMghameM ho Aneke bAda likhA gayA hai; parantu usameM koI bhI aisI zikSA nahIM hai jo bauddha kahI jaaske| dUsare vairATavAle zilAlekhake anusAra to azokako bauddha huA hI prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai| kintu vaha sarva pranAko lakSya karake nahIM likhA gayA hai| yadi vastutaH azoka bauddha huye the to vaha apane isa zraddhAnakA pratighoSa sarvasadhAraNameM karate aura unake lekhameM bauddhazikSAkA honA lAjamI thaa| phira unake bauddha ho jAnepara yaha bhI saMbhava nahIM thA ki vaha una matavAloM-jaise brAhmaNoM, jainoM, mAnivika mAdikA satkAra kara make, jinakA bauDagranthoM meM khAsA virodha kiyA gayA hai| vairATa zilAlekha kevala bauddha saMghako lakSya karake likhA gayA hai aura umameM azoka saMghako abhivAdana karake jo yaha kahate haiM ki 'he bhadantagaNa, bhApako mAlUma hai ki buddha dharma aura saMghameM hamArI kitanI bhakti aura gaurava hai' vaha ThIka hai / yaha eka sAmAnya vAkya hai, isameM kisI pArmika zraddhAnako vyakta nahIM kiyA gayA hai| azokake samAna udAramanA rAjAke liye yaha ucita hai ki vaha jaba eka saMpradAyavizeSake saMgha apane matako mAnyatA dilAnA cAhatA hai, to vaha ziSTAcArake nAte unakA samucita Adara kare aura vizvAsa dilAve ki vaha unake matake viruddha nahIM hai / azo. kane yahI kiyA thA / unane yaha nahIM kahA thA ki hameM baudadharmavizvAsa hai aura hama umameM dIkSita hote haiN| ziSTAcArakI pUrti ke unane saMghako baudadharmake una svAsa granthoMki madhyayana va pracAra ranetra parAmarza diyA, meM unake matake anukUla the kyoMki

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282 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | azoka yaha anyatra pragaTa kara cuke haiM ki vaha pratyeka dharmAvalambIko apane hI dharmakA pUrNa Adara karanA ucita samajhate haiM / isake atirikta usa lekhameM koI bhI aisI bAta yA upadeza nahIM hai jisase bauddhadharmakA pratibhAsa ho / tisapara isa lekha ke sAtha hI uparokta rUpanAthakA zilAlekha likhA gayA thaa| ina donoM zikAlekhoM meM pArasparika bheda bhI dRSTavya hai / rUpanAtha vAle zilAlekha meM kucha bhI bauddhadharma viSayaka nahIM hai; yaha bAta mi0 herasa bhI prakaTa karate haiM / ' ra vaha ThIka nahIM hai / yahAM yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki azokane apanI prathama dharmayAtrA me kaI bauddha tIrthoM ke darzana kiye the / kintu AThaveM zilAlekha meM prayukta huye 'sambodhi' zabdase jo ma0 buddha ke 'jJAnaprAptike sthAna '' (bodhivRkSa) kA matalaba liyA jAtA hai, sambodhi se bhAva 'samyakjJAna prApta kara lenese' hai / jaina zAstroM meM 'bodha' kA pAlenA hI dharmArAdhanameM mukhya mAnA gayA hai| azokake yaha 'bodhilAbha' unake rAjyAbhiSeka ke bAda dazaveM varSa meM huA thaa| hAM, apane rAjyaprAptise bIsaveM varSa meM azoka avazya ma0 buddhake janmasthAna lumbinivanameM gaye the aura vahAM unane pUjA-arcA kI thI aura usa grAmavAsiyoMse kara lenA chor3a diyA thA / isake 1 pahile apane rAjyake 14 veM varSa meM vaha buddhako nAkamana ( kanakamuni) . 1 - jamIso0 bhA0 17 pR0 274-275 / 2 -- iMai0, 1913, pR0 159 / 3- agha0 10 197 / 4- seyaM bhavamaya mahaNI bodhI guNabitthaja mage laDhA / jadi paDidA Na hu sulahA tayA Na samaM pamAdo me // 758 // - mULAcAra* / 5-adha0 pR0 383- kammina deI stambha lekha * 14

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~ ~ ~ maurya-sAmrAjya / [283 ke stupakA punaruddhAra kara cuke the|' kintu unakA bauddhadharmake prati yaha AdarabhAva kucha anokhA nahIM thA / vaha spaSTa kahate haiM ki maiMne maba saMpradAyoMkA vividha prakArase satkAra kiyA hai|' AjIvikoMke liye unane kaI guphAyeM banavAI thiiN| isIprakAra brAhmaNa aura nimranthoM (nainoM) kA bhI unheM dhyAna thA / 'mahAvaMza' meM likhA hai ki azokane kaI bauddhavihAra banavAye the, to udhara 'rAjatariGgaNI' se pragaTa hai ki unhoMne kAzmIrameM kaI brAhmaNa maMdira banavAye the| nainoMkI bhI mAnyatA hai ki azokane zravaNabelagola mAdi sthAnoMpara kaI jaina maMdira nirmita karAye the| ataeva azokako kisI sampradAyavizeSakA anu. yAyI mAna lenA kaThina hai / uparokta varNanako dekhate huye unakA bauddha honA azakya hai / bauddhamatako bhI vaha anya matoMke samAna AdarakI dRSTise dekhate the aura bauddhasaMghakI pavitratA aura akSuNNatAke icchuka the / videzoMmeM jo unhoMne apane dharmakA pracAra kiyA thA usase bhI unake bauddhatvakA kucha bhI patA nahIM calatA hai| mizra, makoDoniyA prabhRti dezoMmeM azokake dharmopadezaka gaye the; kintu ina dezoMmeM bauddhoka kucha bhI cinha nahIM milate; yadyapi mizra, madhyaeziyA aura yUnAnameM eka samaya digambara jaina muniyoMka mastitva evaM ina dezoMkI dhArmika mAnyatAoM meM jainadharmakA pramANa 1-apa0 pR. 386-niglIva stambha lekha (buna kanaka muni baunamatake virodhI devadattakI saMpradAyameM vizeSa mAnya hai) 2-adha0 pR. 26.-48 stambha lekha / 3-adha. pR. 4.1-tIna guhA lekha / 4-mahAvaMza pR. 21 / 5-rAjataraMgiNI mA* 1 pR. 20|-hivi.. mA* * * 15. / -amIlo. mA. 1. pR. 2.2 /

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284] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / prakaTa hotA hai| cIna Adi eziyAvartI dezoM meM bauddhadharmakA pracAra azoka ke bAda huA thA aura ina dezoMmeM azokane apane koI dharmopadezaka nahIM bheje the / ataH madhyaaiziyA, cIna Adi dezoMmeM bauddha dharmake cinha milane ke kAraNa yaha nahIM kahA jAsaktA ki azokane una dezoMmeM bauddhadharmakA pracAra kiyA thaa| 'mahAvaMza meM 'likhA hai ki azokakA pitA brAhmaNoMkA upAsaka thA; kintu bauddhagraMthoM ke isa ullekha mAtrase bindumAra aura azokako brAhmaNa .. mAna lenA bhI ThIka nahIM hainaba ki hama unakI zikSAoM meM pragaTataH brAhmaNa mAnyatAoM ke viruddha matoM kI puSTi aura unakI avahelanA huI dekhate haiN| isa prakAra mAlama yaha hotA hai ki yadyapi azoka prArambhameM azokakA zraddhAna apane pitAmaha aura pitAke samAna jainadharmakA jaina tatvoMpara anta mAtra zraddhAnI thA, kintu jainadharmake saMsargase samaya taka thaa| usakA hRdaya komala aura dayAlu hotA jArahA thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki kaliMga vijayake uparAMta vaha zrAvaka ho gayA aura aba yadi vaha brAhmaNa hotA to kadApi yajJoMkA niSedha na karatA / vaha spaSTa kahatA hai ki use 'bodhI' kI prApti huI hai| no jainadharmameM AtmakalyANameM mukhya mAnI gaI hai| yadyapi azokane apane zeSa jIvana meM uddhAravRtti grahaNa kara lI thI aura samAna -mAvase vaha saba sampradAyoM kA Adara aura vinaya karane lagA thA; kintu usakI zikSAoMmeM orase chora taka jainasiddhAMtoMkA samAveza aura unakA pracAra kiyA huA milatA hai| unakA saptama stambha 1-bhayA* pR. 186-202 / 2-mahAvaMza pR0 15 /

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maurya sAmrAjya / [ 285. lekha, jo unake aMtima jIvana meM dikhA gayA thA, isa vyavasthAkA puSTa pramANa hai / ' | isa lekha meM azoka ne dharma aura dhyAnake madhya jo bheda pragaTa kiyA hai, vaha janadharmake anukUla hai / isI lekhameM vaha kaha cuke haiM ki ' dharma dayA, dAna, stya, zauca, mRdutA aura sAdhunAmeM hai / ' ina dharma niyamoM vaha dharmakI vRddha huI mAnana haiM; kintu dhyAnako vaha vizeSa mahatva dete haiM / dhyAnakI badaulata manuSyoM meM dharmakI vRddhi, prANiyoM kI aura yajJa meM jIvoMga anAraMbha bar3hA, unhoMne pragaTa kiyA hai / jaina dharmame dayA, dAna, matya AdikI gaNanA daza ghamane kI gaI hai aura dhyAnake cAra bhedoM meM eka dharmadhyAna batAyA gayA hai / " yaha dhyAna zubhopayogarUpa hai, jo puNya aura svargasukha kA kAraNa hai | zrAvakako dhyAna karanekI AjJA jina zAstra meM maujUda hai / 3 dharmadhyAna cAra prakArakA hai arthAt (1) AjJAvicaya, (2) apAyavicaya, (3) vipAka vicaya aura (4) saMsthAna vicaye / inameM 1-adha0 pR0 362 / 2-dhammaM sukaM ca duve pasatyajhANANi vANi // 394 // muTA bhAvaM tihipayAraM suhAsuraM suddhameva NAyavvaM / amuhaM ca aharu suha dhammaM jinavaridehiM // 76 // aSTa0 pR0 214 / 3 - dhammeNa pariNadA appA jadi suddha5mpayoga judo / pAvadi nivyApa * sudaM suhotrajuto va maggasuhaM // 11 // - pravacanasAra / uvaoogo jadi hi suDo puSNaM jIvassa saMcayaM jAdi / asuho vA tatha pAvaM, te samabhAve Na capamatthi // 67 // --pravacanasAra / 4- -gahiUNa ya sammattaM suNimmalaM suragirIva NikkaMpa / taM jANe jha ijjai sAthaya ! dukkhakkhayaH e // 86 // -aSTa0 pR0 344 | 5 - saggeNa maNaM nibhiUNa dhammaM caThanihaM sAhU | ANApAyavivAya divao saMThANa vicarya ca // 390 // - mULAcAra |

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286 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / apAyavicaya dharmadhyAnake ArAdhakake liye Atma-kalyANako prApta karanevAle upAyoM kA dhyAna karanA athavA jIvoMke zubhAzubha karmokA nAza aura unameM dharmakI vRddhi kaise ho, aisA vicAra karanA Avazyaka hotA hai| azoka isI dharmakI vRddhi huI svIkAra karate haiN| unhoMne isa dharmadhyAnakA vizeSa citavana kiyA pratIta hotA hai / aura usIke balapara vaha apanI dharma-vijayameM saphalamanoratha huye the| jisa dharmapracArako unake pUrvana nahIM kara sake usako unhoMne sahaja hI digantavyApI banA diyA / ataH yaha kahA jAsaktA hai ki azoka apane aMtima samaya taka bhAvoM kI apekSA bahuta karake jaina thaa| usane rAjanItikA mAzraya lekara apane bhAdhIna prajAke vividha dharmoM kI mAnyatAoM kA Adara kiyA thA aura unheM dharmake usa rUpako mAnaneke liye bAdhya kara diyA thA, jisapara vaha svayaM vizvAsa rakhatA thaa| logoMmeM dharmavRddhi karaneke jina upAyoM ko azokane apane pacArakA laMga dhyAna balase pratiSThita kiyA thA, unako vaha aura kriyAtmaka rUpa dekara zAMta humA thA / azo. usameM saphalatA / kane apane saba hI choTe bar3e rAja-karmacAriyoM ko bhAjJA de rakkhI thI ki-"ve daurA karate huye 'dharma' kA pracAra kareM aura isa bAtakI kar3I dekhabhAla rakkheM ki loga sarakArI AjJAbhoMkA yathocita pAlana karate haiM yA nhiiN| tRtIya zilAlekha isI viSayake sambaMdha hai| usameM likhA hai ki-devatAoMke priya priya. 1-kalyANa pAvagAo pAo viciNodi jiNamadamuvicca / vici. NAdi vA apAye jIvANasuhe ya asuheya ||40||-mlaacaar /

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maurya sAmrAjya / [ 287 darzI rAnA aisA kahate haiM:- mere rAjyameM saba jagaha yukta ( choTe karmacArI) rajjuka ( kamiznara ) aura prAdezika (prAMtIya aphapara) pAMca2 varSapara isa kAma ke liye arthAt dharmAnuzAsanake liye tathA aura kAma ke liye yaha kahate hue daurA kareM ki - " mAtA-pitAkI -sevA karanA tathA mitra, paricita, svajAtIya brAhmaNa aura zramaNako dAna denA acchA hai / jIva hiMsA na karanA acchA hai / kama kharca karanA aura kama saMcaya karanA acchA hai / " apane rAjyAbhiSeka ke 13 varSa bAda azokane 'dharma mahAmAtra ' naye karmacArI niyukta kiye| ye karmacArI samasta rAjyameM tathA yavana, kAmboja, gAMdhAra ityAdi pazcimI sImApara rahanevAlI jAtiyaki madhya dharmapracAra karaneke liye niyukta the| yaha padavI bar3I U~cI thI aura isa padapara striyAM bhI niyata thI / dharma mahAmAtra ke nIce ' dharmayukta' nAmaka choTe karmacArI bhI the jo unako dharmapracAra meM sahAyatA dete the / * 6 mazo ke 13 zilAlekhane patA calatA hai ki unhoMne ina dezoMmeM apane dUna athavA upadeza dharmapracArAthaM bheje the / arthAta 1 (1) maurya sAmrAjya ke antargata bhinna bhinna pradeza, (2) sAmAjyake sImAnta pradeza aura sImApara rahanevAlA yavana, kAmboja, gAndhAra, rASTrika, pitanika, bhona, AMdhra, chinda bAdi nAtiyoM ke deza; (3) sAmrAjyakI maMgalI jAtiyoMka prAnta, (4) dakSiNI bhAratake svAdhIna rAjya jaise keralaputra, (ce), satya putra ( tulu koMkaNa ), cor3a ( koromaNDala ), pAMDya ( maduga va tinA hI mile ), (5)

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- 288] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / tAmraparNI arthAta laGkAdvIpa; aura (6) sIriyA, mizra, sAirInI, mesiDoniyA aura epirasa nAmaka pAMca grIka rAjA jinapara kramase aMtiyoka ( Antiochos II, 261-246 B. C.), turamaya (Ptolomy Philadelphos; 285-247 B.C.) maka (Magas. 285-254 B. O starafa (Antigonos; Gonatas 277239 B.C.) aura alika sundara (Alexander 272-258 B. C.) nAmake rAjA rAjya karate the| IsavI sanke pUrva 258meM ye pAMcoM ganA eka sAtha jIvita the / ataH anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki isI samaya azokake dharmopadezaka dharmakA pracAra karane ke liye videzoMmeM bheje gae the| isa prakAra yaha prasTa hai ki azokakA dharmapracAra kevala bhAratameM hI sImita nahIM rahA thA; pratyuta eziyA, AphrikA aura yorupameM bhI upane dharmopadezaka bheje the / ipsa mukhya kAryakI apekSA saMsArabharake mAdhunika itihAsa meM koI bhI samrATa azokakI samAnatA nahIM kara saktA / vaha eka advitIya rAjA the| azokane jina uparokta dezoMmeM dharmapracAra kiyA thA, unameM kisI na kisI rUpameM jaina cinhoMke astitvakA patA calatA hai| 1-laMkAme jainadharmakA pracAra eka atyanta prAcInakAlase thA, yaha jaina zAstrose pragaTa hai / laMkAkA rAkSasavaMza, jisameM prasiddha rAjA rAvaNa huA, jainadharmAnuyAyI thaa| (bhapA0 pR0 160-168) azokase pahile samrAT candraguptake samayameM laMkA pANDukabhaya nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thA (367-307 I0 pU0) / isane nirgranthoM (jainoM) ke liye apanI rAjadhAnI anurubapurameM maMdira va vihAra banAye the| (iMsejai0 pR0 37) / 2-adha0 pR0 54-55 / 3-bhapA0 pR. 186-201 /

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maurya sAmrAjya / [ 289 azoka ke pote saMpratine apane pitAmahake isa pracAra kAryakA punaruddhAra kiyA thA aura unhoMne pragaTataH jainadharmakA pracAra bhAratetara dezoMmeM kiyA thA / yadi muni kalyANa aura phira samrAT azoka apane udArarUpameM una dharmasiddhAMtoM kA, jo sarvathA jaina dharmAnukUla the, pracAra na karate, to saMpratike liye yaha sugama na thA ki vaha jaina dharmakA pracAra aura jaina muniyoMkA vihAra videzoM meM karA pAtA / isa dezoM meM azoka ne apane dharmapracAra dvArA jainadharmakI jo sevA kI hai vaha kama mahatvakI nahIM hai / unheM usameM bar3I saphalatA milI thI / use ve bar3e gaurava ke sAtha 'dharmavitraya' kahate haiM / ' samrAT azokane apanI dharma zikSAoMko bar3I2 zilAoM aura pASANa stambhoM para aMkita kara diyA azoka ke zilAlekha va zilpakArya / thA / unake yaha zilAlekha ATha prakArake mAne gaye haiM- (1) caTTAnoMke choTe zilAlekha jo saMbhavataH 257 I0 pU0 se Arambha hue kevala do haiM, (2) bhAbUkA ziLAlekha bhI isI samayakA hai, (3) caudaha pahAr3I zilAlekha saMbhavataH 13 veM yA 14 veM varSake haiM; (4) kaliGgake do zilAlekha saMbhavataH 256 I0 pU0 meM aMkita karAye gaye; (1) tIna guphA lekha; (6) dotarAIke zilAlekha (249 I0 pU0), (7) sAta stambhoMke lekha hai pAThoMmeM haiM (243 va 242 I0 pU0 ) aura (8) choTe stambhoMke lekha (240 I0 puu0)| ina lekhoM meM se zAhabAja aura mAnasaharAke lekha to kharoSTI meM aura bAkI ke usa samayakI pracalita brAhmI 1- pari0 0 pR0 94 va saM0 prArthamA0 pR0 179 / 2 - agha0 pR0 262 - trayodazca zilAlekha / 3- lAbhAi * 10 173 / 19

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290] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / lipimeM haiM / bhAratavarSake prApta lekhoMmeM yaha lekha sarva prAcIna samajhe jAte haiM aura inase usa samayake bhAratakI dazAkA saccA 2 hAla prakaTa hotA hai / eka bar3e gaurava aura mahatvakI bAta yaha mAlama hotI hai ki 'usa samaya pAzcAtya loga bhI hamAre hI pUrvanoMse dharmakA upadeza sunA karate the|'' ina lekhoMke atirikta azokane stUpa bhAdi bhI banavAye the| usake samaya vAstuvidyA aura citraNakalAkI khUba unnati huI thii| tabakI pattharapara pAliza karanekI dastakArI vizeSa prakhyAta hai / kahate haiM ki aisI pAliza usake bAda Aja taka kisI anya pattharaMpara dekhane meM nahIM milI hai| ataeva kahanA hogA ki azokake samaya dharmavRddhi ke sAtha sAtha logoMmeM sukha-sampattikI samRddhi bhI kAphI huI thI, kyoMki vidyA aura lalitakalAkI unnati kisI dezameM usI samaya hotI hai; jaba vaha deza saba taraha bharapUra aura samRddhizAlI hotA hai| samrATa azokane karIba 40 varSa taka apane vistRta sAmrAjya azokakA antima para suzAsana kiyA thA / aura antameM lagabhaga jIvana / san 236 I. pU. vaha isa asAra saMptArako chor3a gaye the / bauddhazAstroM meM jo inake aMtima jIvanakA paricaya milatA hai, usase prakaTa hai ki usa samaya rAjyakA adhikAra unake pautra sampratike hAthoM meM pahuMca gayA thA aura vaha manamAne tarIkese dharmakAryameM rupayA kharca nahIM kara makte the / kaha nahIM sakte ki bauddhoMke 1-bhAprArA* bhA0 2 pR0 128-129 / 2-bhAmArA0, bhA0 2 pR0 130 /

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maurya sAmrAjya / isa kathanameM kahAMtaka saccAI hai ? unake granthoMse yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki unakA eka bhAI vItazoka nAmaka titthiyoM' (nainoM) kA bhakta thaa| vaha bauddha bhikSuoMko vAsanAsakta kahakara cir3hAyA karatA thaa| azokane prANamaya dvArA use bauddha banAyA thaa| bauddha zAstroMmeM yaha bhI likhA hai ki azokane eka jaina dvArA buddhamUrtikI avinaya kiye jAne ke kAraNa hanAroM jainoMko puNDvaddhana mAdi sthAnopara maravA diyA thaa| pATaliputrameM eka jaina muniko vauDa honeke liye unane bAdhya kiyA thA; kintu bauddha honekI apekSA una muni mahArAjane prANoM kI bali car3hA denA ucita samajhA th|| kintu bauddhoMkI ina kathAoM meM satyatAkA aMza vijakucha nahIM pratIta hotA hai| sAMcIke bauddha purAtatvase pragaTa hai ki I0 pU0 prathama zatA. nditaka avinayake bhayase ma0 buddhakI mUrti pASANa meM akita bhI nahIM kI jAtI thii| phira bhalA yaha to asaMbhava hI ThaharatA hai ki azokake mamaya ma0 buddhakI mUrtiyAM milatI hoN| tisapara azokakI zikSAyeM unako eka mahAna udAramanA rAnA pramANita karatI haiN| unake dvArA ukta prakAra hatyAkAMDa racane kI samAvanA svapnameM bhI nahIM kI nAsaktI / bauddhoMDI ukta kathAyeM usI prakAra asatya -azoka0 pR. 254 / 2-divyAvadAna 427-maMtru0 pR0 114 / 3-jaiga* bhA0 14 pR0 59 / 4-jamIso* bhA0 17 pR. 272-pANinisUtrake pAtaali bhASya (Goldstucker's Panini. p. 28) meM morcAko suvarNa mUrtiyAM banavAte aura vecate likhA hai| bhASyane likhA hai ki kSika, skandha, vizAkhakI mUrtiyAM nahIM becI jAtI thii| aura bauddha matiyAM bhI usa samaya nahIM thii| mata: mopA dvAga banAI gaI mUrtiyAM jaina honA caahiye| isa taraha pAtajalibhAdhase mI moyoM kA na honA prakaTa hai /

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292 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | haiM, jisaprakAra unakA yaha kahanA ki azoka apane bhAI-bahinoM ke niraparAdha khunase hAtha raGgakara siMhAsana para baiThA thA / kintu inase bhI itanA patA calatA hai ki azoka ke gharAneme jainadharmakI mAnyatA avazya thI / kinhIM vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki jainadharma aura bauDamatakA pracAra dharma-pracAra bhAratIya hojAnese evaM samrATa azoka dvArA ina veda virodhI matakA vizeSa Adara honeke kAraNa / / bhAratIya janatA meM sAMpradAyika vidveSakI jar3a jama gaI; jisane bhAratakI svAdhInatAko naSTa karake chodd'aa| unake khayAla se bauddhakAla ke pahile bhArata meM sAMpradAyikatAkA nAma nahIM thA aura vaidika mata akSuNNa rItise pracalita the kintu yaha mAnyatA aitihAsika satyapara haratAla pheranevAlI hai bhAratameM eka bahu prAcInakAla se jaina aura jainetara saMpradAya sAtha 2 cale A rahe haiN| vaidika dharmAvalaMbiyoMmeM bhI aneka saMpradAya purAne jamAne meM the / * kintu ina sabameM sAMpradAyika kaTTaratA nahIM thI; jaisI ki uparAMta kAlameM hogaI thI / bhagavAna mahAvIra taka evaM mauryakAlake uparAMta kAlameM bhI aise udAharaNa milate haiM; jinase eka hI kuTumbameM vividha matoMke mAnanevAle loga maujUda the| yadi pitA bauddha hai, to putra jaina hai| strI vaiSNava hai to pati jainadharmakA zraddhAnI hai| ataH yaha nahIM kahA jAtA ki mauryakAlase hI sAMpradAyika vidveSakI jvAlA mAratIya janatA ghaghakane lagI thI / yaha nAzakAriNI bhAga to madhya 3 patanakA kAraNa nahIM hai / 1 - iMai0, bhA0 9 pR0 138 / 2 - dekho hisTrI oNpha prI0 buddhisTika iMDiyana philsaphI / 3 - iMhikA0 bhA0 4 10 148 - 149 /

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maurya sAmrAjya | [ 293 kALase aura khAsakara zrI zaGkarAcAryajIke samaya se hI khUba ghaghakI thI / sAmpradAyikatA kA udgama yadyapi bhAratameM bahuta pahale ho cukA thA, parantu usameM kaTTaratA bAdameM ho AI thii| azoka ke nAmase jo lekha maujUda haiM, ve usake dharma aura pavitratAke bhAvase labAlaba bhare hue haiN| unase spaSTa hai ki azoka eka bar3A parizramI udyogo aura prajAhitaiSI rAjA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki usake itane dIrghakAlIna zAsana - kAlameM eka bhI vidroha nahIM huA thA / prajAkI zikSA-dIkSAkA use pUrA dhyAna thA / vastutaH itane vizAla sAmrAjyakA eka dIrghakAla taka binA kisI vidrohake rahanA isa bAtakA paryApta pramANa hai ki azoka ke samaya meM sArI prajA bahuta sukhI aura samRddhizAlI thI / vaha sAmpradAyikatA ko bahuta kucha bhulA cuko thI / azoka ke usa bar3e sAmrAjyake sAra-saMbhAlake yogya unakA koI bhI uttarAdhikArI nahIM thaa| isI kAraNa unake sAmrAjyakA patana huA thaa| dharmapracAra upameM mukhya kAraNa nahIM thA / pratyuta jisa rAjAne rAjanItimai dharmako pradhAnatA dI rAjya hogayA aura itihAsa meM usakA ullekha bar3e gauravase huA / samrATa caMdragupta maurya, azoka, harSavarddhana, kumArapALa, amoghavarSa, a bara ityAdi aise hI Adarza samrATa the / usakA rAjya rAma - man 236 I0 pU0 ke lagabhaga azokakI mRtyu huI thI / yaha nizvama rUpameM nahIM kahA jAsaktA ki usakI jIvanalIlA kisa sthAnapara azoka ke uttarAdhikArI / -samApta huI thii| usake bAda usakA beTA kuNAla I0 pU0 216 1- jaiga 0 0 ma0 14 pR0 45... / 2-javioso0 bhA0 1 0 16 //

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294] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / se 228 taka rAjya karatA rahA / kuNAlakA uttarAdhikArI usakA bhAI dazaratha huaa| dazarathane san 228-220 I.pu. taka zAsanabhAra grahaNa kiyaa| uparAMta azokakA potA samprati rAjyasiMhAsana para baiThA / yaha jainadharmAnuyAyI thA aura isane jainadharma pracAra durara dezoMmeM kiyA thaa| zvetAMbara zAstroMkA kathana hai ki sthUlabhadrasvAmIke uttarAdhikArI zrI Arya mahAgiri the| inake guru bhAI zrI Arya muhastimUri the / sampratikI rAjadhAnI ujjayani thii| zrI Arya suhastisurine yahAM cAturmAsa kiyA thaa| cAturmAsake pUrNa honepara zrI jinendradevakA rathayAtrA mahotsava horahA thaa| saMprati rAnA bhI apane rAjaprAsAdameM baiThA humA utsava : dekha rahA thaa| bhAgyavazAt usakI najara zrI Arya muhastisuripara jA pdd'ii| saMpratine guruke caraNoM meM jAkara praNAma kiyA aura unase dharmopadeza sunakara brata grahaNa kiyaa| vratI zrAvaka hocukanepara saMpratine dharma prabhAvanAkI bhora bar3I dilacaspIse dhyAna diyaa| pahile vaha digvijaya para nikalA aura usane aphagAnistAna, turka, IrAna mAdi deza jiite| mapanI digvijayase lauTanepara saMpatine nainadharma prabhAvaka bhaneka kArya kiye / kahate haiM ki usane savAlAkha navIna jaina maMdira banavAye, do hajAra dharmazAlAyeM nirmANa karAI, savA karor3a jinabimboMkI sthApanA karAI, gyAraha hajAra vApikA aura kuNDa khudavAye tathA chattIsa hajAra sthAnoMmeM jIrNoddhAra karAvA 1-pari* pR. 14 va jaisAsaM* mA.1 pR. 8-9 vIra vaMzayahAM saMpratiko kauravakula moriyavaMzakA liyA hai| 2-gukhAparina. - 3 /

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maurya sAmrAjya / [295 thaa| mAlUma nahIM isa gaNanAmeM kahAMtaka tathya hai ! kiMtu vartamAna jaina maMdiroM meM bahuta hI kama aise milate haiM, jinako loga saMpatikA banavAyA humA mAnate hoN| rAjapUtAnA aura gujarAtameM ina maMdiroMkI saMkhyA adhika batAI jAtI hai| parantu abhItaka koI bhI aisA puSTa pramANa nahIM milA hai, jisase ina maMdiroMko saMprati dvArA nirmita svIkAra kiyA jAsake / yaha saba maMdira saMpratise bahuta pIcheke bane huye pragaTa hote haiM / (rAi. bhA. 1 pR. 91) jo ho, yaha spaSTa hai ki saMpatine jainadharma prabhAvanAkA svAsa udyoga kiyA thA aura unhoMne jaina upadezaka deza videzameM bheje the| vahAMke nivAsiyoMko nanadharmameM dIkSita karAyA thaa| 'tIrthakalpa' se prakaTa hai ki unhoMne banArya dezoMmeM bhI bihAra (maMdira) banavAye the / ( rAi* mA. 1 e. 91) duHkha hai ki azokakI taraha saMpratike koI bhI lekha bAdi nahIM milate haiM, jisase unake dharmaprabhAvaka murulyoMkA patA cala ske| to bhI jainadharmake liye saMprati dusare kAnsaTinTAyana the / unane sau varSakI bAyu taka nainadharma aura rAjyasevana karake svargamukha gama kiyA thaa| digambara jaina maeNthoMne rAnA saMpatikA koI ullekha dekhaneko saMprati mora usake nahIM milatA hai| saMpratike parapitAmaha samayakA jaina sNgh| samrATa caMdraguptakA ullekha donoM hI saMpa. 1-sAsaM* mA* 1 boravaMza pR. 8 / 2-pari0 pR. 94, jaisAsaM. mA. boravaMza pR. 1 pATalIputra patpandha, yathA:-"kuNAlamahAni hamaratAviSaH paramAIto, banArvadevapi pratitaH amanavihAraH sampatimahArAboDamavata / "

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296] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / dAyoMke zAstroM meM hai| kiMtu saMprati kA ullekha kevala eka saMpradAyake zAstroM meM honA, saMbhavataH saMghabhedakA dyotaka hai / vi0 saM0 139meM digaMbara aura zvetAmbara bheda jainasaMghameM pragaTa huA thA; tabataka diga. mbara jaina dRSTike anusAra arghaphAlaka nAmaka saMpradAya kA astitva jainasaMghameM rahA thaa| mathurAkI mUrtiyoMse isa saMpradAyakA honA siddha hai| ataeva yaha ucita jaMcatA hai ki zvetAMbaroMke isa pUrvarUpa 'ardhaphAlaka' saMpradAyake netA Arya suhastisUri the aura saMpratiko bhI unhoMne isI saMpradAyameM mukta kiyA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki muhastisUri aura saMpratike nAma takakA patA digambara jaina zAstroM meM nahIM calatA / samrATa candragupta kA jitanA vizada varNana aura unakA Adara digaMbara jaina zAstroM meM hai, utanA hI varNana aura bhAdara zvetAMvarIya granthoM meM saMpratikA hai| hiMduoMke vAyu purANAdikI taraha bauddhoMne bhI saMpratikA ullekha 'saMpadI' nAmase kiyA hai aura azokake aMtima jIvana meM usake dvArA hI rAjya prabaMdha hote likhA hai| kiMtu Upara jisa saMghabhedakA ullekha kiyA jAcukA hai, usake hote huye bhI mAlUma hotA hai. ki mUla jaina mAnyatAoM meM vizeSa antara nahIM par3A thaa| zrI Arya muhastimUrike gurubhAI zrI mArya mahAgirine jinakalpa ( digambara bheSa )kA AcaraNa kiyA thA / jainamUrtiyAM IsavIkI prathama zatAbdi taka aura saMbhavataH uparAMta bhI bilkula nagna (digambara bheSa ) meM banAI jAtI thiiN| digambara jainoMke matAnusAra bhadrabAhunIke cAda vi. 1-jaihi. bhA. 13 10 265 / 2-bhadrabAhucaritra . 66 / 3-vIra varSa 4 pR. 307-309 / 4-azoka, pR0 265 / 5-pari0 pR0 12!

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maury-saamraajy| [297 zAkhAcArya, proSThiLa, kSatriya, jaya mAdi dasa pUrvadhArI muni huye the| saMpraTike samayameM saMbhavataH kSatriya athavA jayAcArya vidyamAna hoNge| zvetAmbaroMkA kathana hai ki mahAvIrajIse 228 varSa bAda jaina . saMghameM gaMga nAmaka pAMcavAM nihanva utpanna humA seTha sukumAla / ' thA; kiMtu vaha bhI niSphala gayA thaa| ujjanIke prasiddha seTha sukumAlako bhI vaha isIsamaya huye anumAna karate haiM, paraMtu yaha bAta ThIka nahIM, kyoMki isasamaya mokSamArga banda thA / ___ maMpratike bAda mauryavaMzameM pAMca rAjA aura huye the / parantu antima maurya rAjA aura unake viSayameM kucha bhI vizeSa vRtAnta maurya sAmrAjyakA anta / mAlUma nahIM hotA / inameM sarva aMtima rAjA vRhadratha nAmaka the| san 184 I0 pR0meM yaha apane senApati puSpamitrake hAthase mArA gayA thaa| aura inake sAtha hI maurya vaMzakI samApti hogaI ! azokake bAda hI maurya sAmrAjyakA patana honA prArambha hogayA thA, yaha hama pahile likha cuke haiN| azokake uttarAdhikAriyoM meM koI isa yogya nahIM thA jo samUce sAmrAjyakI vAgDora apane sudRr3ha hAthoM meM grahaNa karatA / mAlUma hotA hai ki pUrvIya bhAgameM azokakA potA dazaratha rAjyAdhikArI rahA thA, aura pazcimakI ora saMprati muyogya rItise zAsana karatA rahA thaa| hindu purANoMse vidita hai ki isI samaya zuddha-vaMzane rAnavidroha kiyA thaa| maurya sAmrAjyake patanakA yaha bhI eka kAraNa thaa| kaTTara brAhmaNa avazya hI saMpratike janadharma pracArake kAraNa unase asaMtAna ye| inake atirikta aura bhI kAraNa the, jinake pariNAmahapa maurya : iai0 bhA0 21 pR. 335 / 2-jaisAsaM0 mA01 vIra vaiza. pR. ..

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298] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / sAmrAjya chinnabhinna hogayA ! madhya bhArata, gaMgApradeza, AMdhra aura kaliGgadeza punaH apanI svAdhInatA prApta karanekI ceSTA karane lage the / sImAMta pradezoMkA yathocita prabandha na honeke kAraNa videzIya AkramaNakAriyoMko bhI apanA abhISTa siddha karanekA avasara milA thaa| mauryavaMzakI pradhAna zAkhAkA yadyapi uparokta prakAra aMta ho uparAMta kAlake gayA thA, kintu isa zAkhAke vaMzaja jo manyatra maurya vaMzaja / prAMtoMmeM zAsanAdhikArI the, vaha sAmantoMkI taraha magadha aura usake bhAsapAsake pradezoMmeM I. sAtavIM zatAbdi taka vidyamAna the| I0 7vIM zatAbdimeM eka purANavarmA nAmaka mauyavaMzI rAjAkA ullekha milatA hai| kinhIM anya lekhoMse mauryokA rAjya IsAkI chaThI, sAtavIM aura mAThavIM zatAbditaka kokaNa aura pazrimI bhAratameM rahA pragaTa hai| I0 san 738 kA eka zilAlekha koya (rAjapUtAnA)ke kaMsavA grAmameM dhavala nAmaka mauryavaMzI rAjAkA minma hai| isase IsAkI mAThavIM zatAbdimeM rAjapUtAnemeM mauryavaMzake sAmaMta rAnAbhoMkA rAjya honA pragaTa hai|' citaur3akA kilA maurya rAjA citrAMga (citrAMgada) kA banAyA humA hai|' citrAMga tAlAva bhI inhIMkA banAyA humA vahAM maujUda hai| kahate haiM ki mevAr3ake guhika baMzIya rAjA bApA (kAlabhona)ne mAnamorIse cittaur3agar3ha liyA thaa| mAmakala rAjapUtAnemeM koI bhI mauryavaMzI nahIM hai| hA, bambaIke khAnadezameM bina maurya rAjAoMkA rAjya thA, unake vaMzana abataka dakSiNameM pAye jAte haiM aura more kahalAte haiN| 1-bhAi. pR* 05|2-maapraaraa., bhA. 2. 1991-kumAra pAla pravandha, paba -- . --...st

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maury-saamraajy| [ 299 mauryoke senApatine bRhadratha mauryakI hatyA karake magadharma apanA rAjya jamA liyaa| isakA vaMza 'zuGgavaMza ke nAmase zuGga vNsh| - prasiddha humaa| kahate haiM ki isa vaMzakA rAjya 112 varSa taka rhaa| puSpamitrake samayameM yUnAnI rAnA mainenDarane bhAratapara mAkramaNa kiyA, parantu use pIche lauTa jAnA par3A thaa|' naina samrAT khAravelane puSpamitra para AkramaNa kiyA thA, jisake kAraNa puSpamitrako magadha chor3akara mathurA bhAga jAnA par3A thaa| naina dharmake prabhAvaka maurya rAnavaMzakA asamayameM hI panta karanevAle rAjadrohI vyaktiko eka naina rAnA mAnandase kaise rahane detA ! puGgavaMzake bAda san 73 I0 pR0meM vasudeva kANvase kANvavaMza' kA janma humA thaa| kANvavaMzake mantima rAjAko san 2.I.. pR.ke lagabhaga eka mAndhravaMzIya rAnAne mAra DAlA thaa| maJcokakI mutyu ke bAda hI mAtra rAjya svAdhIna hogayA thA aura isa samaya usakA vistAra bahuta kdagayA thaa| kintu uttarI bhAratameM vaha maSika dina taka na Tika ske| yUnAnI aura sithiyana zAsakoMne unheM jIva nikAla bAhara kara diyA thaa| bAda. ..12-cA. . .. -mAha. ... Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ___www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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I ____2) & gmmmmmmmmmmmmommmmg hai bAbU kAmatAprasAdajI racita graMtha-hai Samamimom mmmmm.manand hai bhagavAna mahAvIra 2) hai bhagavAna mahAvIra va mahAtmA buddha 1 // ) hai / saMkSipta jaina itihAsa prathama bhAga) mahArAnI celanI hai bhagavAna pArzvanAtha satya mArga haiM navaratna paMcaratna taiyAra horahA hai| vizAla jaina saMgha / ) hai jaina jAtikA hAsa, unnatike upaay|)hai hai jainadharma siddhAnta hai bhagavAna mahAvIra va unakA upadeza / ) hai / jaina munikI nagnatA hai rammmmmmmomsomain milanekA ptaa| mainejara, digaMbarajaina pustakAlaya-sUrata / / ommmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmo mmmmwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwmmmn Kle 78 AFT prwww

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Els Phile 1 boilers "digaMbara jaina" sAre jainasamAjameM 25 varSase suprasiddha, hindIgujarAtI bhASAkA mAsikapatra / varSArambhameM sacitra khAsa aGka aura bar3e 2 upAhara prantha denevAlA yahI sabase sastA mAsikapatra hai| vArSika mUlya upahArI posTeja sahita ) namUnA mukt| mainejara, digambara jain-muurt|