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[ord Elget afiler zya yal214d... of time in the Jain Tippana was called Yuga, a period of 1830 days and nights, 1860 Tithis, and was divided into five years, sixty solar months, sixtyone practical months and sixtytwo lunar months. The starting point of this Yuga was the first day of the dark half of Sravana, and the last day the full-moon day of the month of Asadha.
In this scheme the day is the period covered by the time between two sun-rises; it is thus governed by the movements of the sun. Tithi on the contrary is governed by the movements of the moon. As the movements of the sun and moon vary considerably, the duration of the solar day and the duration of the Tithi do not coincide. By the introduction of two lunar months extra, called intercalary months or Adhika Masas, the beginning and the end of a Yuga are however made to be fixed. These intercalary months, according to the data of the Agamas are fixed to be Pausa in the third year and Asadha at the end of the Yuga. The co-ordination of the day and Tithi is brought about by assuming six merged Tithis called Avamaratras or ksina tithis per year. Their occurrence also is fixed according to the Agamas, each merged tithi occurring after a regular interval of 61 tithis. There is a regular scheme as to how these merged tithis occur and at what interval There is also a mention of extended days in the Suryaprajnapti which are called Atiratra. The terms Avamaratra and Atiratra do not exactly correspond to ksaya and vrddhi of tithis, but it must be said that the term Atiratra might be the origin of vrddhi of tithis in the popular Panchanga.
Some points regarding the ksaya of Tithis in this Tippana deserve to be noted. In the first place there is no ksaya of a Tithi in the bright half of Bhadrapada in any of the five years of the Yuga, while there is ksaya of the fullmoon day of the Pausa in the third year and of Asadha in the fifth year. Astami occurs as a ksina tithi once only, that is in the dark half of Chaitra in the first year. Chaturdashi occurs as a ksaya tithi twice during the yuga, viz., in the dark half of Asvina in the second year and of Chaitra in the fourth year. There are other ksaya tithis, but they are not useful for our inquiry.
Now we have to consider the question whether there existed a full-fledged Siddhanta Tippana and whether it corresponded with Laukika Tippana. The tradition is that there was a Siddhanta Tippana, or Jain Tippana but that it is now lost ( vyutcchinna ). While discussing this question with the parties to the dispute, I put a specific question to Acharya Sagarananda Suri whether it is still possible to prepare a fullfledged Panchanga based exclusively on the data supplied by Jain Shastras on Astronomy such as Surya-prajnapti, Jyoti
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