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established usage. No Shastrakara has ever challenged its genuineness, and its adoption was necessary on account of the loss of Siddhanta Tippana and use of popular Panchanga.
Now it is necessary to explain the correct meaning and application of Umasvati's Rule. Applying all accepted canons of interpretation, I hold the following to be its correct interpretation and application :
First Half :-In the case of ksaya of a tithi in the Panchanga, the previous tithi should be adopted for the purpose of observances prescribed for the tithi that is ksina.
(टिप्पणके कस्याश्चित् तिथेः क्षये दृष्टे सति तत्स्थाने पूर्वा तिथिः कार्या ग्राह्या वा । क्षीणितिथिविषयकमाराधनादिक cereri fasit Teletü: 1)
The application of the Rule will be as follows:If Astami is ksira, the fast etc. prescribed for Astami should be observed on the previous day which is Saptami in the Panchanga; If Chaturdashi is ksina, the Paksika Pratikramana etc. prescribed for that day, should be performed on the previous day which is Trayodashi in the Panchanga; If Purnima is ksina, the fast etc. prescribed for Purnima should be observed on the previous day which is Chaturdashi; If Chaturthi in the bright half of Bhadrapada is ksina the Samvatsarika Prati kramana or Samvatsari should be observed on the previous day which in the Panchanga is shown as Trtiya.
Second Half :-In the case of vrddhi of a tithi in the Panchanga, the second day of that tithi should be adopted for the purpose of observances specified for that tithi.
(टिप्पणके कस्याश्चित् तिथेद्वौ दृष्टायामुत्तरा तिथिः कार्या द्वितीयतिथिस्तत्स्थाने ग्राह्या। वृद्धतिथिविषयकमाराधनादिकं द्वितीयतिथौ कार्यमित्यर्थः ।
The application of the Rule will be as follows:--If Astami is vrddha, the fast etc. prescribed for Astami should be observed on the second day of Astami; If Chaturdashi is vrddha, the Paksika should be performed on the second day of Chaturdashi; If Purnima is vrddha, the fast etc. prescribed for that day should be observed on the second day of Purnima; If Chaturthi in the bright half of Bhadrapada is vrddha, the Samvatsari should be observed on the second day of Chaturthi.
I am aware that in the application of Umasvati's Rules, a clash is likely to arise when there is the ksaya of Purnima or Amavasya. The day is shown as Chaturdashi in the Panchanga, and so there is Chaturdashi at the sunrise; the day will therefore be used for the performance of Paksika. It may be therefore argued that this day, being taken up by Paksika, cannot be used as Purnima for fasts etc. prescribed for Purnima. This difficulty seems to have
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