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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI akTUbara, 1997-98 zodha-patrikA FRYE yo jova apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI rAjasthAna 9-10
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI vArSika zodha-patrikA akTUbara, 1997-98 sampAdaka maNDala zrI navInakumAra baja zrI mahendrakumAra pATanI DaoN. kailAzacanda jaina zrI jJAnacanda bilTIvAlA sampAdaka DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI zrI jJAnacandra khindUkA DaoN. gopInAtha pATanI sahAyaka sampAdaka suzrI prIti jaina prabandha sampAdaka ' zrI prakAzacandra jaina maMtrI, prabandhakAriNI kameTI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI prakAzaka apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI jainavidyA saMsthAna prabandhakAriNI kameTI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI ( rAjasthAna)
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________________ vArSika mUlya 30.00 ru. sAmAnyataH 60.00 ru. pustakAlaya hetu mudraka jayapura prinTarsa prA. li. jayapura
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________________ viSaya-sUcI lekhaka kA nAma kra.saM. viSaya pR. saM. prakAzakIya sampAdakIya nizA aba jA rahI hai zrI mizrIlAla jaina 1. apabhraMza ke jaina kavi aura saMta kabIra DaoN. sUrajamukhI jaina ke dohoM meM saMyama kI bhUmikA 2. apabhraMza rAmakAvya-paramparA meM suzrI maMju zukla paumacariu 3. mahAsaraM pattavisesabhUsiyaM kavi nayanandi 4. paumacariu kI loka-dRSTi DaoN. zailendrakumAra tripAThI 5. mahAsaraM pattavisesabhUsiyaM anu. - DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina 6. apabhraMza ke mahAkavi tribhuvana DaoN. saMjIva pracaNDiyA 'somendra' eka paricaya 7. puSpadanta ke kAvya meM prayukta DaoN. mahendrasAgara pracaNDiyA 'kavi samaya' 8. sudaMsaNacariu meM saundarya aura bimba DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva 9. karakaMDacariu meM kathAnaka-rUr3hiyA~ DaoN. trilokInAtha 'premI' 10. jaMbUsAmicariu meM anubhAva yojanA DaoN. ( ku.) ArAdhanA jaina 'svataMtra' 11. NiveNa loeNa saravaraM kavi nayanandi 12. saMdezarAsaka ke racayitA abdurrahamAna zrI vedaprakAza garga 13. hindI bhASA para prAkRta kA prabhAva DaoN. bahAdura mizra 14. jattha ya cUyakusumamaMjariyA mahAkavi puSpadanta 15. hindI ke aupamya-vidhAna DaoN. pratibhA rAjahaMsa para prAkRta kA prabhAva 16. paumacariu ke anUThe tattvoM suzrI maMju zukla kA apratima saMkalana 17. ujjeNihi~ sippA NAma Nai asthi mahAkavi puSpadanta 18. jaina apabhraMza sAhitya DaoN. nIlama jaina
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________________ aprabhaMza bhAratI (zodha-patrikA) sUcanAe~ 1. patrikA sAmAnyataH varSa meM eka bAra mahAvIra nirvANa divasa para prakAzita hogii| 2. patrikA meM zodha-khoja, adhyayana-anusaMdhAna sambandhI maulika aprakAzita racanAoM ko hI sthAna milegaa| 3. racanAe~ jisa rUpa meM prApta hoMgI unheM prAyaH usI rUpa meM prakAzita kiyA jaaegaa| svabhAvataH tathyoM kI prAmANikatA Adi kA uttaradAyitva racanAkAra kA hogaa| 4. yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki prakAzaka, sampAdaka lekhakoM ke abhimata se sahamata hoN| 5. racanAe~ kAgaja ke eka ora kama se kama 3 se.mI. kA hAziyA chor3akara suvAcya akSaroM meM likhI athavA TAipa kI huI honI caahie| 6. asvIkRta/aprakAzita racanAe~ lauTAI nahIM jaaeNgii| 7. racanAe~ bhejane evaM anya saba prakAra ke patra-vyavahAra ke lie patA - sampAdaka apabhraMza bhAratI apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI digambara jaina nasiyA~ bhaTTArakajI savAI rAmasiMha roDa jayapura - 302004
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________________ prakAzakIya apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya ke adhyetAoM ke samakSa apabhraMza bhAratI kA navA~-dasavA~ aMka saharSa prastuta hai| ___ 'apabhraMza bhASA' sAhityika bhASA ke gauravazAlI pada para chaThI zatAbdI meM AsIna huI yadyapi apabhraMza meM prathama zatI se racanAe~ hotI rahI hai| apabhraMza kA mahatvapUrNa sAhitya 8vIM zatI se 13-14vIM zatI taka racA gyaa| 9vIM se 13vIM zatAbdI ke yuga ko 'apabhraMza' kA 'svarNayuga' kahA jA sakatA hai| apabhraMza kI antima racanA hai bhagavatIdAsa racita (16vIM zatI) 'mRgAMkalekhA crit|' apabhraMza ke sAhityika mahatva ko samajhate hue digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI dvArA 'apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI' kI sthApanA san 1988 meM kI gii| apabhraMza bhASA ke adhyayanaadhyApana ko samucita dizA pradAna karane ke lie 'apabhraMza racanA saurabha', 'apabhraMza kAvya saurabha', 'prAkRta racanA saurabha', 'pAhuDadohA cayanikA' Adi pustakeM prakAzita kI gaI haiN| patrAcAra ke mAdhyama se akhila bhAratIya stara para 'apabhraMza sarTiphikeTa pAThyakrama' va 'apabhraMza DiplomA pAThyakrama' vidhivat calAe jA rahe haiN| apabhraMza meM maulika lekhana ke protsAhana ke lie 'svayaMbhU puraskAra' bhI pradAna kiyA jAtA hai| ___ apabhraMza sAhitya para vibhinna dRSTiyoM se apane vicAroM ko prastuta karate hue jina vidvAna lekhakoM ne apanI racanAe~ bhejakara prastuta aMka kA kalevara banAyA hai hama unake AbhArI haiN| patrikA ke sampAdaka, sahayogI sampAdaka evaM sampAdaka maNDala dhanyavAdArha hai / aMka ke mudraNa ke lie jayapura prinTarsa prAiveTa limiTeDa, jayapura bhI dhanyavAdAha hai| prakAzacandra jaina narezakumAra seThI adhyakSa maMtrI prabandhakAriNI kameTI, digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI
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________________ sampAdakIya 'apabhraMza' sAhityika bhASA ke gauravazAlI pada para chaThI zatAbdI meM AsIna huii| isase pUrva bharata ke nATya zAstra (dvitIya I. zatI), vimalasUri ke paumacariya (3 I. za. ) meM pAdaliptasUri ke taraMgavaikahA Adi meM apabhraMza ke zabdoM kA kathaMcit vyavahAra pAyA jAtA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai apabhraMza meM prathama zatI se racanAe~ hotI rahI haiN| mahattvapUrNa sAhitya 8vIM zatI se 13-14vIM zatI taka racA gyaa| isI kAraNa apabhraMza ke 9vIM se 13vIM zatAbdI taka ke yuga ko DaoN. harivaMza kochar3a ne 'samRddha yuga' evaM DaoN. rAjanArAyaNa pANDeya ne 'svarNayuga' mAnA hai| apabhraMza kI antima racanA hai bhagavatIdAsa racita 'mRgAMkalekhAcarita' ( 16vIM zatI) / " 44 4 " apabhraMza kI vipulatA kA jJAna DaoN. nAmavarasiMha ke isa kathana se puSTa hotA hai - "yadi eka ora isameM jaina muniyoM ke cintana kA cintAmaNi hai to dUsarI ora bauddha siddhoM kI sahaja sAdhanA kI siddhi bhI hai| yadi eka aura dhArmika AdarzoM kA vyAkhyAna hai to dUsarI ora lokajIvana se utpanna honevAle aihika rasa kA rAgaraMjita anukathana hai| yadi yaha sAhitya nAnA zalAkA puruSoM ke udAtta jIvana-caritta se sampanna hai to sAmAnya vaNika-putroM ke duHkha-sukha kI kahAnI se bhI paripUrNa hai| tIrthaMkaroM kI bhAvocchavasita stutiyoM, anubhava-bharI sUktiyoM, rahasyamayI anubhUtiyoM, vaibhava-vilAsa kI jhA~kiyoM Adi ke sAtha hI unmukta vamya-jIvana kI zauryasnehasikta gAthAoM ke vividha citroM se apabhraMza sAhitya kI vizAla citrazAlA suzobhita hai / svayaMbhU jaise mahAkavi ke hAthoM se isakA bIjAropaNa huA, puSpadaMta, dhanapAla, haribhadra, joindu, rAmasiMha, devasena, kanakAmara, hemacandra, somaprabha, jinaprabha, jinadatta, jinapadma, vinayacandra, rAjazekhara, zAlibhadra abdularahamAna, saraha aura kaNha jaisI pratibhAoM ne ise pratiSThita kiyA aura antima dinoM meM bhI isa sAhitya ko yaza: kIrti aura raidhU jaise sarvatomukhI pratibhAvAle mahAkaviyoM kA sambala prApta huA / " 'rAmakathA' vizva vAGmaya meM bhAratIya saMskRti, dharma-sAdhanA tathA kAvyacetanA kI sazakta pratinidhi hai / "" 'rAmakathA' hindU dharma-granthoM tathA hindI sAhitya meM hI kAvya-sRjana kA viSaya nahIM banI, ise jainoM tathA bauddhoM ne bhI apanA kAvya-viSaya bnaayaa| paurANika caritroM meM rAma tathA kRSNa kA caritra mukhya thA / ina dhArmika lokanAyakoM ko AdhAra banAkara jainAcAryoM ne paurANika caritakAvyoM kI racanA kii| jainoM ne ina lokanAyakoM ko jainadharma ke AdarzoM ke anusAra pratiSThita kiyaa| " "svayaMbhU kRta 'paumacariu' apabhraMza rAmakAvya paramparA kI amUlya nidhi hai jisakA prabhAva paravartI rAmabhakta racanAkAroM para bhI svIkArA jAtA hai| hindI rAmakAvya paramparA ke sarvapramukha marmajJa kavi tulasIdAsa para bhI yaha prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| tulasI ne apanI rAmakathA ke preraNAstrotoM
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________________ ke sandarbha meM eka zabda 'kvacidanyatopi' kA ullekha kiyA hai, rAhula sAMkRtyAyanajI ke anusAra isakA Azaya svayaMbhU rAmAyaNa se hI hai| DaoN. rAmasiMha tomara, DaoN. saMkaTAprasAda upAdhyAya tathA DaoN. harivaMza kochar3a bhI paravartI rAmakAvyoM para 'paumacariu' kA prabhAva svIkArate haiN| svayaMbhU yathArtha jIvana ke pratiSThApaka, udAtta vicAroM ke poSaka tathA eka krAntikArI yuga kavi the, unhoMne 'paumacariu' ke mAdhyama se hindI sAhitya ko kaI arthoM meM maulika sandeza diye " 'paumacariu' apabhraMza bhASA kA eka bejor3a graMtha hai jisameM mahAkavi svayaMbhU ne apanI kAvya-pratibhA ko nirAle DhaMga se abhivyakta kiyA hai| yUM to isa grantha kA mahattva kaI dRSTiyoM se hai kyoMki yaha apabhraMza bhASA meM racita prathama rAmAkhyAnaka kRti hai jo saMskRta aura prAkRta kI sAhityika paramparA ko svayaM meM sameTe hue hai| parantu isake atirikta bhI isameM kaI aise tattva haiM jo nitAnta maulika haiM aura isa DhaMga se abhivyakta kiye gaye haiM ki unakI sAragarbhitA mana ko andara taka chU jAtI hai aura inhIM aise anUThe tattvoM se hI sampUrNa kRti mahattApUrNa ho jAtI hai| 'paumacariu' meM varNita nItivacana, saMgIta, nRtya, arthazAstra, vanaspatizAstra, vyAkaraNazAstra, upamAe~, pazu-pakSI, dyUtakrIr3A, bhaugolikatA aura bhI na jAne kyA-kyA svayaMbhU ne bahuta gahanatA se varNana kiyA hai|" "svayaMbhU apabhraMza rAmakAvya paramparA ke prathama kavi haiN| inakA samaya AThavIM zatAbdI I. hai| inheM apabhraMza kA vAlmIki bhI kahA jAtA hai| paumacariu kI racanA dhanaMjaya ke Azraya meM huI thii| isa graMtha meM pA~ca kANDa, bAraha hajAra zloka tathA nabbe saMdhiyA~ haiM / isameM tirAsI saMdhiyoM kI racanA svayaMbhU ne tathA zeSa sAta saMdhiyoM kI racanA unake putra tribhuvana ne kI thii| saMdhiyoM ko pratyeka kANDa meM vibhakta kara diyA gayA hai, yaha vargIkaraNa isa prakAra hai - vidyAdhara kANDa 20 saMdhi ayodhyA kANDa 22 saMdhi sundara kANDa 14 saMdhi yuddha kANDa . 21 saMdhi uttara kANDa 13 saMdhi saMdhiyA~ kaDavakoM meM vibhakta haiM, paumacariu meM kula 1269 kaDavaka haiN| svayaMbhUkRta 'paumacariu' saMskata 'padamacarita' kA apabhraMza rUpa hai| jaina paramparA meM 'padama' ko rAma kA paryAyavAcI mAnA jAtA hai| yadyapi svayaMbhU ne apanI isa rAmakathA ko 'paumacariu' zIrSaka se abhihita kiyA hai parantu 'paumacariu' ke atirikta svayaMbhU ne apanI isa rAmakathA hetu anya nAmoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai - pomacariya, rAmAyaNapurANa, rAmAyaNa, rAmaevacariya, rAmacariya, rAmAyaNabhAva, rAghavacariu, raamkhaa|" "jIvana-mUlyoM kA sandarbha lokAcAra se anyAnya bhAva se jur3A hotA hai aura kRtikAra tathA kRti agara loka se paricita na hoM (gahare rUpa meM) to sRjana-karma pUrNa hogA - isameM saMdeha kI mAtrA hI adhika rhegii| paumacariu kA kavi loka-kavi hai aura dRSTi-samartha bhii|"
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________________ 'apabhraMza ke mahAkavi tribhuvana 8vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha ke kavi mAne jAte haiN| inake pitA kavivara svayaMbhU 8vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva ke eka pratiSThita kavi the / inhoMne (svayaMbhU ne) apabhraMza meM 'rAmakAvya' kI racanA kii| isalie kavivara 'svayaMbhU' ko apabhraMza kA vAlmIki bhI kahA jAtA hai / ata: kavivara tribhuvana ko kAvya- kauzala aura pANDitya uttarAdhikAra meM prApta huA / inake pitA svayaMbhU tathA bAbA mArutideva donoM hI ma~je hue kavi the| ye uttara ke rahanevAle the kintu kAlAntara meM dakSiNa ke rASTrakUTa rAjya ko cale gye|" 44 "kavisamayaparaka adhyayana aura anuzIlana karane se kavi (puSpadanta) ke vistRta jJAna tathA kalpanA zakti kA anumAna sahaja hI lagAyA jA sakatA hai|" "prAkRtottara apabhraMza caritakAvyoM kI sAMgopAMga vikAsa - paramparA meM 'sudaMsaNacariu' kA pAryanti mahattva hai| isake praNetA apabhraMza ke rasasiddha kavIzvara muni nayanandI (gyArahavIM zatI kI antimAvadhi ) haiM / antaH sAkSya ke anusAra 'sudaMsaNacariu' eka aisA caritakAvya hai jisameM rasa-bahula AkhyAna parigumphita huA hai| isakI kathAvastu meM samAhita kalAbhUyiSTha kAvya-vaibhava ke tattvoM kI vareNyatA ke kAraNa hI vidhAyaka mUla tattvoM ne hRdayAhArI saundarya aura manohArI bimba pramukha haiN| 'sudaMsaNacariu ' ina donoM hI tattvoM kI vyAvarttaka vizeSatAoM se vimaNDita hai| cittAkarSaka saundarya ke suSThu samAyojana aura hRdayAvarjaka bimboM ke ramya rucira viniyoga kI dRSTi se 'sudaMsaNacariu' eka ApAta ramaNIya kAvya hai / " " bimba-vidhAna kI dRSTi se bhI 'sudaMsaNacariu' kI kAvyabhASA atizaya mahattvapUrNa hai| bimba-vidhAna kalAcetA kavi kI amUrta sahajAnubhUti ko indriya-grAhyatA pradAna karatA hai / kAvyakAra munizrI nayanandI dvArA prastuta bimboM ke adhyayana se unakI prakRti ke sAtha yuga kI vicAradhArA kA bhI patA calatA hai|" "kula milAkara 'sudaMsaNacariu' ke praNetA dvArA aneka zabdAzrita aura bhAvAzrita bimboM kA viniyoga kiyA gayA hai jinameM bhASA aura bhAva donoM pakSoM kA sArthaka samAveza huA hai / " " bhinna-bhinna kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM ke prayoga se muni kanakAmara ke 'karakaMDacariu' meM usake kathA-saMgaThana, vastu-nirUpaNa, maulika prasaMgodbhAvanA, zilpa evaM prayojanasiddhi Adi meM jo kalAtmaka saundarya aura kAvya kA audAtya ubharakara AyA hai vaha anUThA aura anyatama hai| sabase bar3I bAta to yaha hai ki kisa kathAnakarUr3hi kA kahA~, kaba aura kaise prayoga honA hai - isa kalA meM vaha pUrNa pAraMgata hai, niSNAta hai| tabhI itanI adhika aura aneka prakAra kI rUr3hiyoM kA prayoga vaha saphalatA ke sAtha kara sakA hai| yaha ThIka hai ki inakI ati bhI aneka sthaloM para khaTakatI hai / parantu kathA ko bar3hAne aura dhArmika prayojana kI saphalatA ke lie usakI yaha vivazatA bhI hai / aneka avAntara kathAoM kA prayoga, aneka pAtroM kI pUrvajanma kI kathAoM kA niyojananirUpaNa bhI isIlie kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| phira, saMpUrNa kathA inhIM kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM ke sahAre nirmita hotI hai, bar3hatI hai aura samApta hotI hai| isa prakAra prastuta prabaMdha kathAnaka - rUr3hiyoM ke prayoga aura unake saundarya kI dRSTi se anUThA aura atulanIya hai| isake racayitA kI kalApaTutA evaM saundarya kI sUkSma dRSTi kA sahaja paricaya isameM milatA hai| loka-jIvana kI gahana anubhUti kA bhavya AkarSaNa isakI sarala, sahaja aura sarasa abhivyakti meM antarnihita hai / parantu vaha bhI jaise inhIM kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM meM simaTa gayA hai|"
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________________ "rasAtmakatA kAvya kA prANa hai| rasAnubhUti ke mAdhyama se hI sAmAjikoM ko kartavyaakartavya kA upadeza hRdayaMgama karAyA jA sakatA hai| isalie kAntAsammita upadeza ko kAvya kA pramukha prayojana mAnA gayA hai| mahAkavi vIra isa tathya se pUrI taraha avagata the| unhoMne apane kAvya meM zrRMgAra se zAnta taka sabhI rasoM kI manohArI vyaMjanA kI hai|" "kavi vIra ne jambUsAmicariu meM sazakta, saTIka, svAbhAvika evaM hRdayasparzI anubhAvoM kA saMyojana kara pAtroM ke ratyAdi bhAvoM ko anubhUtigamya banAne meM adbhuta kauzala kA pradarzana kiyA hai| unake dvArA sAmAjika ko pAtroM kI ratyAdi pariNata-avasthA kA avilamba bodha hotA hai| ise usakA svakIya ratyAdi bhAva turanta udbuddha hokara use zRMgArAdi rasa se sarAbora kara detA hai|" ___ "rasa ko vyaMjita karane kI kalA kavi ke kAvya-kauzala kI kasauTI hai| rasasiddha kavi vahI mAnA jAtA hai jisakA rasa-sAmagrI-saMyojana arthAt vibhAva, anubhAva, vyabhicArI bhAvoM kA vinyAsa saTIka, svAbhAvika evaM manovaijJAnika ho| isake lie kavi ko vibhAvAdi kA sUkSma adhyayana Avazyaka hai aura Avazyaka hai ucita pAtra meM ucita sthAna tathA ucita samaya para inheM prayukta karane kI suujhbuujh| vIra kavi meM ye sabhI guNa upalabdha hote haiN|" " 'saMdeza-rAsaka' ke racanA-kauzala se patA calatA hai ki kavi prAkRta-apabhraMza kAvya meM niSNAta thA, aisA usake Atma-nivedana se bhI prakaTa hai| kRti ke adhyetA ko pade-pade yaha vizvAsa hotA calatA hai ki kavi ko bhAratIya sAhitya-paramparA kA pUrNa jJAna hai aura usameM bhAratIya sAhitya ke saMskAra pUrI mAtrA meM vidyamAna the| usakI sAMskRtika pravRttiyoM meM abhAratIyatA kA kahIM leza bhI nahIM miltaa| usake bhAva aura vicAra pUrNatayA bhAratIyatva se page haiN| ata: 'saMdezarAsaka' ko kisI ahindu kavi kI racanA mAnanA ucita nahIM hai|" 'saMdeza-rAsaka' ko eka masalamAna kavi kI racanA na mAnane se merA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki kisI musalamAna kavi dvArA bhAratIya sAMskRtika pariveza meM maMDita kAvya-racanA karane kI pratibhA para maiM zaMkA kara rahA huuN| hindI meM aneka musalamAna kaviyoM ne bhAratIya sAMskRtika pariveza ke AdhAra para aneka uccakoTi ke kAvyasaMgraha racakara apanI pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai, kintu isI ke sAtha yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki ukta kaviyoM ne apanA raca diye haiM jinase yaha pUrNatayA jJAta ho sakA ki amuka racanA kA racayitA islAma dharmAvalambI thaa| 'saMdeza-rAsaka' meM aise paricaya-saMketoM kA abhAva hai| ahahamANa ne jo atyanta saMkSipta paricaya diyA hai usase yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki vaha musalamAna thaa| puSTa pramANAbhAva hI isameM kAraka hai| yadi bhaviSya meM aise pramANa mile aura unase addahamANa ke musalamAna hone kI puSTi ho, to phira yaha sthiti zaMkanIya nahIM hai|" ___ "Atmika abhyutthAna aura samAja ke vikAsa meM saMyama kI ahaM bhUmikA hai / saMyama ke dvArA hI samAja meM sabakA jIvana nirApada ho sakatA hai aura saMyama ke dvArA hI jIva zAzvata sukhaAtmasukha ko prApta kara sakatA hai|" "samyak prakAra se apane zuddhasvarUpa meM sthira honA hI saMyama hai| yaha saMyama do prakAra kA hai - indriya saMyama aura prANisaMyama / indriya-viSayoM meM atyadhika Asakti kA na honA indriya saMyama hai aura pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati evaM trasa - ina cha: kAya ke jIvoM kI rakSA karanA prANi-saMyama hai|"
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________________ " apabhraMza ke jaina kaviyoM tathA saMta kabIra ne sukha prApti ke lie ukta donoM prakAra ke saMyama ko anivArya batAyA hai|' 11 44 " indriya saMyama ke lie mana- saMyama Avazyaka hai| mana ko vaza meM karake hI indriyoM ko vaza meM kiyA jA sakatA hai / " " apabhraMza ke jaina kaviyoM ne tathA kabIra ne aihika sukha tathA pAramArthika sukha ke sAthasAtha sAmAjika abhyutthAna ke lie saMyama ko sarvAdhika mahattva diyA hai / yadi Aja mAnava manISiyoM dvArA pratipAdita saMyama ke mahattva ko svIkAra kara apanI uddAma aura ucchRMkhala vAsanAoM ko niyaMtrita karane kA prayatna kare tathA prANimAtra ke prati prema aura sauhArdra se abhibhUta ho, unakI rakSA meM tatpara ho jAye to nizcaya hI vaha svayaM asIma Atmika sukha kA rasAsvAdana karane ke sAtha-sAtha samAja ko bhI bhayamukta svaccha vAtAvaraNa pradAna kara usake sukha-zAnti meM sahAyaka bana sakatA hai|' " bhASika dRSTi se hindI meM apabhraMza aura prAkRta kI paramparAe~ saMskRta kI tulanA meM kahIM adhika surakSita hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki bhASika vikAsa kI dRSTi se hindI apabhraMza kI ThIka pITha para AtI hai / phalasvarUpa hindI apabhraMza kI sIdhI/sahaja vArisa ThaharatI hai / " "hindI meM kucha aise dezaja zabda pracalita haiM jinakI vyutpatti saMskRta ke AdhAra para siddha nahIM kI jA sktii| aise zabdoM kA sIdhA sambandha madhyakAlIna bhAratIya AryabhASA vizeSataH prAkRta se pramANita hotA hai / ye zabda haiM- uthala-puthala, ulaTA, ur3Isa, ur3ada, UbanA, or3hanA/ nI, ojadAra/ojharAhA, kahAra, koyalA, kolhU, khir3akI, cAvala, jhamelA, jhAr3a, jhUTha, ThallA (niThallA), DAlI, DauA, DhekI, DhakanI, tAgA ityAdi / " " apabhraMza ke garbha se janma lenevAlI bhASA hindI para apabhraMza ke sAtha-sAtha prAkRta kA bhI atyadhika prabhAva hai / prAkRta ke kAvyarUpa kavi- paramparAe~, nakha-zikha varNana, Rtu varNana, zrRMgAra ke donoM pakSoM ke sAMgopAMga varNana citraNa ityAdi se prabhAvita hindI kAvya ne unake bhAva ko hI nahIM apanAyA balki kaI bAra bhAvoM ke varNana citraNa meM prAkRta ke aupamya-vidhAna ko bhI hU-ba-hU usI rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA / " " prAkRta sAhitya kA vidyApati para prabhAva na kevala zRMgAra-varNana prasaMga meM dekhA jAtA hai balki vidyApati kI avahaTTha bhASA meM racita vIrarasaparaka racanAoM 'kIrtilatA' aura 'kIrtipatAkA' para bhI prAkRta kA prabhAva spaSTa lakSita hotA hai|" - isa aMka ke prakAzana ke lie jina vidvAn lekhakoM ne apanI racanAe~ bhejakara hameM sahayoga pradAna kiyA hama unake AbhArI haiM / saMsthAna samiti, sampAdaka maNDala evaM sahayogI kAryakartAoM ke bhI AbhArI haiN| mudraNa hetu jayapura prinTarsa prA. li. jayapura dhanyavAdAha hai / DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI
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________________ svayaMbhU puraskAra digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI (rAjasthAna) dvArA saMcAlita apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI, jayapura dvArA apabhraMza sAhitya se sambandhita viSaya para hindI athavA aMgrejI meM racita racanAoM para 'svayaMbhU puraskAra' diyA jAtA hai| isa puraskAra meM 11,001/- (gyAraha hajAra eka) rupaye evaM prazasti-patra pradAna kiyA jAtA hai| __ puraskAra hetu niyamAvalI tathA Avedana-patra prApta karane ke lie akAdamI kAryAlaya (digambara jaina nasiyA~ bhaTTArakajI, savAI rAmasiMha roDa, jayapura-4) se patravyavahAra kreN| -
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________________ nizA aba jA rahI hai pahaya paosa paNAseMvi nniggy| hatthi-haDa vva suur-phraahy||1|| Nisiyari vva gaya ghonnaavtiy| bhagga-maDapphara maann-klngkiy||2|| sUra-bhaeNa NAi~ raNu melleNvi| paisai Nayaru kavADai~ pelleNvi||3|| dIvA pajjalanti je synnehi| NaM Nisi valeMvi NihAlai nnynnehiN||4|| uTThiu ravi arvindaannndu| NaM mahi-kAmiNi-kerau andu||5|| NaM / saJjhAe~ tilau drisaaviu| NaM sukaiheM jasa-puJja phaaviu||6|| NaM mambhIsa dentu vl-pttiheN| pacchaleM NAi~ padhAiu rttiheN|| 7 // NaM jaga-bhavaNahoM vohiu diivu| NAi~ puNu vi puNu so jje pddiivu||8|| pattA- tihuaNa-rakkhasahA~ dAvi disi-vhu-muh-kndru| uvareM paIsareMvi NaM sIya gavesai dinnyru||9|| paumacariu 41.17 - sUrya ke prahAroM se Ahata hokara hastighaTA ke samAna rAtri ke prahara naSTa hokara cale gye| nizAcarI ke samAna ghor3e kI nAka ke samAna vakra, bhagnamAnavAlI aura mAna se kalaMkita rAtri sUra ke bhaya se jaise raNa chor3akara kivAr3oM ko kholakara nagara praveza karatI hai| zayanakakSoM meM jo dIpa jala rahe the, mAno rAtri apane netroM se mur3akara dekha rahI thii| kamaloM ko Ananda denevAlA sUrya uThA mAno dharatIrUpI kAminI kA darpaNa ho? mAno sandhyA ne apanA tilaka pradarzita kiyA ho, mAno sukavi kA yaza camaka rahA ho, mAno rAma kI patnI ko abhaya dete hue jaise rAtri ke pIche daur3A ho, mAno vizvarUpI bhavana meM dIpaka jalA diyA gayA ho| jaise vaha bAra-bAra vahIM pradIpta ho rahA ho| tribhuvanarUpI rAkSasa ko dizArUpI vadhU kI mukharUpI guphA ko phAr3akara aura udara meM praveza kara mAno dinakara sItAdevI ko khoja rahA hai| - anu. DaoN. devendrakumAra jaina
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________________ nizA aba jA rahI hai zrI mizrIlAla jaina sUrya ke prahAroM se Ahata ghaTA se naSTa hokara jA rahe prahara nizA ke| nizAcarI kI azva jaisI nAsikA khaMDita kalaMkita sUrya se bhayabhIta hokara chor3a kara ke jA rahI raNakSetra paTa kholakara praveza karane nija nagara meN| abhaya dete rAma sItA kI khoja meM sUrya daur3A rAta ke pIche vizvarUpI bhavana meM dIpaka jalAyA tribhuvanarUpI rAkSasa kI dizArUpI vadhU kA mukha phAr3akara praveza karatA divAkara khojane siitaa| zayana-kakSa ke dIpa mur3akara dekhate haiM nizA aba jA rahI hai sUrya jAgA, lagA jaise dharA rUpI kAmanI kA AInA ho, lagA saMdhyA ne prakAzita kiyA maMgala tilaka apanA yA sukavi kA yaza prakAzita ho rahA ho| azru jala se bujhAtI thI viraha agni sneha kI dIvAra para jitane bane the citra dhuMdhale par3a gaye vizvAsa ke maile dhue~ se| purAnA posTa oNphisa roDa, gunA (ma.pra.) 473001
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 akTUbara - 1997, akTUbara - 1998 apabhraMza ke jaina kavi aura saMta kabIra ke dohoM meM saMyama kI bhUmikA - DaoN. sUrajamukhI jaina saMsAra kA pratyeka prANI jInA aura sukha se jInA cAhatA hai| vaha aharniza sukha ke sAdhanoM ko juTAne ke lie becaina rahatA hai| mAnava ne sukha prApti ke lie paMkhe, kUlara, eyarakaMDIzanara, hITara, kampyUTara, rela, vAyuyAna Adi aneka sAdhana juttaaye| surakSA ke lie aneka prakAra ke astra-zastra hI nahIM paramANu bama, misAila Adi aneka ghAtaka upakaraNoM kA aviSkAra kiyaa| kintu use sukha-zAnti nahIM milI, usakA jIvana surakSita na ho sakA, apitu jyoM-jyoM sAdhana prApta hote gaye usakI atRpti, usakI vikSiptatA, usakI vihvalatA bar3hatI gyii| Aja bAlaka, vRddha, yuvA, nirdhana, dhanI, strI, puruSa sabhI kA jIvana tanAvagrasta hai| akhila vizva meM bhaya aura AtaMka kA vAtAvaraNa banA huA hai| usakA ekamAtra kAraNa hai - asaMyama, bar3hatI huI aniyamita icchaaeN| Atmika abhyutthAna aura samAja ke vikAsa meM saMyama kI ahaM bhUmikA hai| saMyama ke dvArA hI samAja meM sabakA jIvana nirApada ho sakatA hai aura saMyama ke dvArA hI jIva zAzvata sukha - Atmasukha ko prApta kara sakatA hai|
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 samyaka prakAra se apane zuddha svarUpa meM sthira honA hI saMyama hai| yaha saMyama do prakAra kA hai - indriya-saMyama aura praanni-sNym| indriya-viSayoM meM atyadhika Asakti kA na honA indriyasaMyama hai aura pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati evaM trasa - ina cha: kAya ke jIvoM kI rakSA karanA prANi-saMyama hai| prANi-saMyama ke dvArA cha: kAya ke jIvoM kI rakSA tathA indriya saMyama ke dvArA viSaya-bhogoM ke prati tIvra aura asIma Asakti ko kama karake mAnava svayaM bhI tanAvamukta jIvana jI sakatA hai aura apane Asa-pAsa ke vAtAvaraNa ko bhI svaccha banA sakatA hai| jainadarzana meM ahiMsA aura aparigraha ko isIliye sarvAdhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| - apabhraMza ke jaina kaviyoM tathA saMta kabIra ne sukha-prApti ke lie ukta donoM prakAra ke saMyama ko anivArya batAyA hai| ____ muni rAmasiMha apanI racanA 'pAhuDa dohA' meM indriya-saMyama kI AvazyakatA batAte hue kahate haiM ki he jIva! tU viSayoM kI icchA mata kara, viSaya kabhI bhale nahIM hote| sevana karate samaya to ye madhura lagate haiM kintu bAda meM duHkha hI dete haiM - visayA ciMta ma jIva tuhuM visayaNa bhallA hoti| sevaMtAhaM mahura bar3hA pacchaI duHkkhaI deMti // 200 // ve kahate haiM - yadi indriya-viSayoM ke sevana se sukha kI prApti ho sakatI to bhagavAna RSabhadeva, jinheM sabhI prakAra ke indriya-sukha sulabha the, unakA tyAga kyoM karate ? khaMtu piyaMtu vi jIva jai pAvai sAsaya sokkhu / risaha bhaMDArau kiM cavai sayalu vi indiya sokkhu // 63 // joindu muni ne bhI viSayAsakti ko sukha kA bAdhaka aura duHkha kA kAraNa kahA hai| ve kahate haiM ki rUpa se AkRSTa hokara pataMge dIpaka meM jalakara mara jAte haiM, zabda meM lIna hokara hariNa zikArI ke bANoM kA zikAra ho jAte haiM, sparza ke lobha se hAthI gar3he meM girakara baMdhana ko prApta hote haiM, sugandha kI lolupatA ke kAraNa bhauMre kamala meM banda hokara kAla-kavalita ho jAte haiM aura rasa ke lAlacI matsya dhIvara ke jAla meM phaMsakara mRtyu kA AliMgana karate haiM / jaba pataMgAdi eka-eka indriya ke viSaya meM Asakta hokara vinaSTa ho jAte haiM to pA~coM indriyoM ke viSayoM meM Asakta mAnava kI kyA dazA hogI? vicAraNIya hai - rUvi payaMgA saddi maya gaya phAsahi nnaasnti| aliula gandhaI maccha rasi kima aNurAu karanti // 2.112||pr. pra. mahayadi kavi ne bhI dohA pAhuDa meM kaMcana aura kAminI ko sAMsArika viSayoM meM pradhAna batAte hue inake pralobhana se sAvadhAna rahane ko kahA hai -. jhaMpiya dhari paMcendiyahaM Niya Niya visahaM jeti| kiM Na pecchai jhANaTThiyaI jiNa upaesa khNt|| 101 //
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 kabIra ke vicAra se bhI viSaya-vAsanAoM se kabhI tRpti nahIM ho sktii| ve bhI kahate haiM ki yadi sAMsArika vaibhava-vilAsa tathA viSaya-vAsanAoM ke sevana se hI sukha kI prApti hotI to bar3e-bar3e samRddhizAlI rAjA-mahArAjA apane atula vaibhava ko chor3akara vana kA mArga kyoM grahaNa karate? ataH viSaya-vAsanAoM kI Asakti du:kha kA kAraNa hai| sacce sukha kI prApti to inase vimukha hone para hI ho sakatI hai, ve kahate haiM - kAhe re mana daha disi dhAvai, visiyA saMgi saMtosa na paavai| jahA~-jahA~ kalapai tahA~-tahA~ baMdhanA, ratana ko thAla kiyau tai rNcnaa| jo pai sukha paiyatu raja mAhIM, to rAja chAMDi kata vana ko jaahiiN| Ananda sahita tajau visa nArI aba kyA jhISai patita bhikhaarii| kahai kabIra yahu sukha dina cAri taji visayA bhaji dIna muraari|' mana saMyama- indriya saMyama ke lie mana saMyama Avazyaka hai| mana ko vaza meM karake hI indriyoM ko vaza meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa mana kI gati bar3I viSama hai| ise rokanA bar3A kaThina hai| yaha bAra-bAra indriya-sukhoM se AkRSTa hokara use pAne ke lie lAlAyita rahatA hai| joindu muni pA~coM indriyoM ke nAyaka mana ko vaza meM karane kA nirdeza karate hue kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra mUla ke naSTa ho jAne para vRkSa ke patte avazya sUkha jAte haiM usI prakAra mana ko vaza meM karate hI pA~coM indriyA~ vaza meM ho jAtI haiN| ataH sarvaprathama isa mana ko hI vaza meM karanA cAhiye - . paMcahaM NAyuka vasi karahu jeNa hoti vasi annnn| mUla viNaTTha taru varahaM, avasaI sukUi paNNa // 2.140||pr. pra. jisakA manarUpI jala viSaya-kaSAyarUpI vAyu ke jhoMke se kSubdha nahIM hotA usI kI AtmA nirmala hotI hai aura vahI nirAkula hotA hai - visaya-kasAyahiM maNa-salilu NaviDahulijjai jaasu| appA Nimmalahoi lahu vddh| paMcakkhu vi taasu||2.156|| para. pra. kabIra bhI isa matavAle mana ko aMkuza de-dekara mor3ate rahane ko kahate haiM - maimaMtA mana mAri rai ghaTa hI mAhai dheri / jaba hI cAlai pIDhi dai aMkusa dai 4 mori / unake anusAra isa mana ke Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara dene para hI AtmA ko sukha kI prApti ho sakatI hai - maimaMtA mana mAri rai, nAnhA kari kari piisi| tava sukha pAvai sundarI brahma jhalakkai sIsi ' kabIra kahate haiM ki mana kI vRttiyoM ko bAhya viSayoM se vimukha kara antarmukhI kara dene se vaha vikAra-mukta hokara vizuddha bana jAtA hai -
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 kahata vicAra mana hI mana upajI nA kahIM gayA na aayaa| kahai kabIra saMsA saba chUTA rAmaratana dhana paayaa| prANi rakSA - prANirakSA se tAtparya hai pRthvIkAyika, jalakAyika, agnikAyika, vAyukAyika, vanaspatikAyika aura trasakAyika - ina cha: kAya ke jIvoM kI rakSA krnaa| manuSya, pazu-pakSI, per3a-paudhe, parvata, nadI, sarovara, sAgara Adi sabhI jIvanta prANI haiM aura sabhI milakara eka svaccha, sundara tathA sukhada paryAvaraNa kA nirmANa karate haiN| inameM se kisI ko bhI naSTa karane athavA kaSTa dene se paryAvaraNa meM vighaTana hotA hai| isIliye hamAre tIrthaMkaroM ne RSi, maharSi aura vicArakoM ne ukta cha: kAya ke jIvoM kI rakSA kA upadeza diyA hai| Aja mAnava kI dinoM-dina bar3hatI huI bhogalipsA ke kAraNa honevAle bhUkhanana, vRkSonmUlana, samudramanthana, parvata-bhedana Adi ke kAraNa jahA~ paryAvaraNa-pradUSaNa kA vikaTa saMkaTa upasthita hai vahIM niraparAdha pazuoM se lekara paMcendriya manuSyoM taka ke zoSaNa, apaharaNa tathA akAraNa hanana se vizva kA saMpUrNa vAtAvaraNa viSAkta banA huA hai| apabhraMza ke jaina kaviyoM ke anusAra jo ukta cha: kAya ke jIvoM kI rakSA meM tatpara rahatA hai aura ahiMsA ko parama dharma mAnakara calatA hai vahI mahAmAnava hai| jaina kavi joindu kahate haiM ki sabhI jIva samAna haiM / mUrkhajana ajJAna ke kAraNa unameM bhedabhAva karate haiM, vivekIjana sabako samAna samajhate haiM - jIvahaM tihuyaNa saMThiyau mUr3hA bheu karaMti / kevalaNANiM NANi phuDa sayala vi ekku muNaMti // 2.96 // para. pra.. muni rAmasiMha kahate haiM ki na kevala manuSyoM aura pazu-pakSiyoM meM hI apitu vanaspati meM bhI vahI AtmA hai; jo manuSya meM hai| ataH vanaspatiyoM ko bhI kaSTa nahIM denA cAhiye - pattiya tor3ahiM tar3atar3ahaNAi paiTThA utttth| eva ma jANahi joiyA ko tor3a ko tuTTha ||158||paa. do. rAmasiMha ke anusAra pattI, pAnI, tila, darbha - ina sabameM samAna jIva hai| ata: ina vastuoM ko tor3akara paramAtmA ke caraNoM meM car3hAne se mokSa kI prApti kadApi nahIM ho sakatI - pattiya pANiya dabbha tila savvaiM jANi svnnnnu| jaM puNu mokkhahaM jAi vaDha, taM kAraNu kui annnnu||159|| pA. do. ve kahate haiM - he yogii| tU pattiyoM ko mata tor3a aura phaloM para bhI hAtha mata bddh'aa| jisa paramAtmA para car3hAne ke lie inheM tor3atA hai usa paramAtmA ko hI ina para car3hA de -
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 patti toDi ma joiyA phalahiM ji hatthu ma vaahi| jasu kAraNi toDehi tuhaM so siu etthu cddhhi|| 160||paa. do. kabIra ne bhI brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya Adi manuSyoM meM hI nahIM apitu pazu-pakSiyoM, vRkSoMvanaspatiyoM Adi meM bhI samAna jIva kI kalpanA kI hai| ve kahate haiM ki jo AtmA paramAtmA meM hai, vahIM saMsAra ke sabhI jIvadhAriyoM meM hai| ata: na koI bar3A hai na koI choTA - sabhI samAna nahIM ko UMcA nahIM ko nIcA jAkA payaNDa- tAhI ko siiNcaa| jo tU bAMbhana vaMbhanI jAyA to Ana vADha hai kyoM nahiM aayaa| jo tU turaka turakanI jAyA to bhItari khatanA kyoM na kraayaa| kahai kabIra madhima nahiM koI so madhima jA mukha rAma na hoii| jaise vibhinna varNavAlI aneka gAya kA dUdha eka-sA hI hotA hai vaise hI vibhinna zarIra meM sthita AtmA hI paramAtmA hai - so'haM haMsA eka samAna, kAyA ke guna AnahiM aan| mATI eka sakala saMsArA bahuvidha bhAMDai gar3he kuNbhaaraa|| gaMdha varana dasa duhie gAya eka dUdha dekhau ptiyaay| kahai kabIra saMsA kari dUri tribhuvana nAtha rahyA bhripuur||53|| ataH kisI bhI jIva kA vadha karanA athavA use kaSTa denA ghora mahAna adharma hai / ve kahate haiM ki jo saba jIvoM ko samAna bhAva se dekhatA hai aura dayA dharma kA pAlana karatA hai use hI sacce sukha kI prApti hotI hai| kabIra jIva hiMsA karanevAle ko sabase bar3A adharmI samajhate haiN| ve use phaTakArate hue kahate haiM - jIva badhata aru dharama kahata hau adharama kahAM hai bhaaii| __ Apuni tau munijana hai baiThe kAsani kahau ksaai| kabIra devI-devatAoM ke sAmane bali car3hAnevAle kI bhartsanA karate hue kahate haiM ki jo loga nirjIva pratimA kI pUjA ke lie sajIva kA balidAna karate haiM unakA antima kAla bar3A bhayAnaka hotA hai - sarajIu kATahi nirajIu pUjahiM antakAla kau bhaarii| rAma nAma kI gati nahiM jAnI lai DUbai sNsaarii| devI devA pUjahiM DolahiM pArabrahma nahiM jaanaa| kahata kabIra akula nahi cetiyA vikhiA siu lpttaanaa| isa prakAra apabhraMza ke jaina kaviyoM ne tathA kabIra ne aihika sukha tathA pAramArthika sukha ke sAtha-sAtha sAmAjika abhyutthAna ke lie saMyama ko sarvAdhika mahatva diyA hai| yadi Aja mAnava
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 manISiyoM dvArA pratipAdita saMyama ke mahatva ko svIkAra kara apanI uddAma aura ucchRkhala vAsanAoM ko niyaMtrita karane kA prayatna kare tathA prANimAtra ke prati prema aura sauhArdra se abhibhUta ho, unakI rakSA meM tatpara ho jAe to nizcaya hI vaha svayaM asIma Atmika sukha kA rasAsvAdana karane ke sAtha-sAtha samAja ko bhI bhayamukta svaccha vAtAvaraNa pradAna kara usake sukha-zAnti meM sahAyaka bana sakatA hai| 1. pada-87, kabIra grnthaavlii| 2. 9, mana ko aMga, kabIra grnthaavlii| 3. 20, mana ko aMga, kabIra grnthaavlii| 4. 23, jIvAjI ko aMga, kabIra grnthaavlii| 5. pada-41, kabIra grnthaavlii| 6. pada-39, kabIra grnthaavlii| 7. santa kabIra, DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA, pR. 49, pada-45 / alakA, 35, imAmabAr3A mujaphpharanagara (u.pra.)
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 akTUbara - 1997, akTUbara - 1998 apabhraMza rAmakAvya paramparA meM 'paumacariu' - suzrI maMju zukla 'rAmakathA' vizva vAGmaya meM bhAratIya saMskRti, dharma sAdhanA tathA kAvyacetanA kI sazakta pratinidhi hai| rAmakathA bhAratavarSa kI sarvAdhika pracalita kathA hai, isa para bhAratavarSa meM hI nahIM varan videzoM meM bhI vipula sAhitya racA gayA hai| rAmakathA kI lokapriyatA kA sarvapramukha kAraNa rAma kA 'zakti, zIla tathA sauMdarya' ke guNoM se samanvita vyaktitva hai, jisameM 'brahmatva' tathA 'manujatva' kI sahasthiti sarvatra parilakSita hotI hai| laukikatA tathA alaukikatA ko eka sAtha pratiSThita karate huye mAnavatA ko itanA ucca evam udAtta saMdeza dene vAlI sarvAMgINa kathA saMbhavataH anyatra durlabha hai| rAmakathA hiMdU dharmagraMthoM tathA hindI sAhitya meM hI kAvya sRjana kA viSaya nahIM banI, ise jainoM tathA bauddhoM ne bhI apanA kAvyaviSaya bnaayaa| paurANika caritroM meM rAma tathA kRSNa kA caritra mukhya thaa| ina dhArmika lokanAyakoM ko AdhAra banAkara jainAcAryoM ne paurANika carita kAvyoM kI racanA kii| jainiyoM ne ina lokanAyakoM ko jainadharma ke AdarzoM ke anusAra pratiSThita kiyaa| rAmakathA apabhraMza ke pUrva hI saMskRta, pAli tathA prAkRta ke dharmAnuyAyiyoM dvArA janasAmAnya meM pracArita kI jA cukI thii| saMskRta meM varNita rAmakathA hI paravartI sAhityakAroM ke liye kAvya-sRjana kA AdhAra bnii| Adikavi vAlmIki kI rAmAyaNa ko hI kiMcita parivartana tathA
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 parivarddhana ke sAtha bauddhoM tathA jainAcAryoM ne bhI apnaayaa| yadyapi vAlmIki rAmAyaNa se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki rAmakathA unake samaya se pUrva bhI pracalita thii| pAlibhASA meM rAmakathA jAtaka sAhitya meM prApta hotI hai / dazaratha jAtaka meM rAmakathA kA sarvAdhika prAcIna bauddha rUpa milatA hai / isI taraha 'anAmakaM jAtakam' aura 'dazaratha kathAnakam' meM bhI rAma kI kathAyeM milatI haiM / inakA mUla pAli rUpa bAda meM aprApya ho gyaa| cInI anuvAda ke rUpa meM ina kathAoM kI saMrakSA ho sakI aura vahIM se ye punaH prApta huI haiN| prAkRta meM vimalasUri kRta 'paumacariu' sarvAdhika prAcIna rAmakathA hai apabhraMza sAhitya meM bhI saMskRta tathA prAkRta kI paramparA ke anusAra hI kisI mahApuruSa - yA tIrthaMkara ko kAvya viSaya banAne kI pravRtti rhii| apabhraMza sAhitya meM mahApurANoM kA viSaya caubIsa tIrthaMkara, bAraha cakravartI, nau vAsudeva, nau baladeva tathA nau prativAsudeva ko banAyA gayA hai| ataH tiresaTha mahApuruSoM ke varNana ke kAraNa aise graMthoM ko 'triSaSThizalAkA puruSacarita' yA 'tisaTThi mahApurisa guNAlaMkAra' kahA gayA hai / rAmakathA ke pAtroM ko jainadharma meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai| rAma, lakSmaNa tathA rAvaNa kI gaNanA jainiyoM ne triSaSThizalAkA puruSoM meM kI hai| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra pratyeka kalpa ke triSaSThi mahApuruSoM meM se nau baladeva, nau vAsudeva tathA nau prativAsudeva mAne jAte haiN| rAma, lakSmaNa tathA rAvaNa kramaza: AThaveM baladeva, vAsudeva tathA prativAsudeva mAne gaye haiM / jaina dharmAnusAra baladeva tathA vAsudeva kisI rAjA kI bhinna-bhinna rAniyoM ke putra hote haiM / vAsudeva apane bar3e bhAI baladeva ke sAtha prativAsudeva se yuddha karate haiM aura aMtataH use mAra dete haiN| pariNAmataH mRtyoparAMta vAsudeva naraka meM jAte haiM / baladeva apane bhAI kI mRtyu ke kAraNa du:khAkula hokara jainadharma meM dIkSita ho jAte haiM aura aMta meM mokSa prApta karate haiN| kathA kA yaha svarUpa sadaiva sthira rahatA hai| jaina dharma meM rAmakathA kI do paramparAe~. dRSTigata hotI haiM - - vimalasUri kI paramparA (saMvat 530, vi.saM. 60), - guNabhadrAcArya kI paramparA (955 vi.saM.) svayaMbhU kI rAmakathA kA mUlasrota prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha vimalasUri kRta 'paumacariTha' hai| 'paumacariu' ke vistAra vivecana se pUrva svayaMbhU pUrva jaina rAmakAvya kA vivecana Avazyaka hai| sAhityika dRSTi se vimalasUri kA 'paumacariu' ne sAmAnyaloka tathA kAvyajagat donoM meM hI khyAti prApta kii| 'paumacariu' kA abhivyaMjanA pakSa atyanta sazakta hai, isake prArambha meM kavi eka ukti kahatA hai - NAmAvaliyanibaddhaM Ayariya parAgayaM savvaM / vocchAmi paumacariyaM ahANupuvviM smaasenn|| - 1.8 paumacariu arthAt 'usa padmacarita ko maiM AnupUrvI ke anusAra saMkSepa meM kahatA hU~ jo AcAryoM kI paramparA se calA A rahA hai tathA nAmAvalI nibaddha hai|' isa ukti meM 'NAmAvaliyanibaddhaM' zabda ke saMdarbha meM paM. premI kahate haiM - "vimalasUri se pUrva rAma kA caritra kevala nAmAvalI ke rUpa
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 meM thaa| usameM kathA ke pradhAna pAtroM ke, unake mAtA-pitA, sthAna tathA bhavAMtara Adi ke hI nAma hoNge| vaha pallavita kathA ke rUpa meM nahIM hogI tathA usI kI vimalasUri ne vistRta caritra ke rUpa meM racanA kI hogii|' yahA~ 'Ayariya parAgayaM' arthAt 'AcArya paramparA se Agata' zabda aspaSTa sA pratIta hotA hai kyoMki kAlagaNanA tathA samayatithi kA koI ullekha isameM nahIM hai| isaliye yaha kahanA ki AcArya paramparA kA prArambha kaba se mAnA jAye asambhava pratIta hotA hai| DaoN. upAdhyAya kA isa sambandha meM mata hai ki pratyakSataH kavi kA Azaya svAmI mahAvIra se hai| parantu DaoN. kulakarNI kA kahanA hai ki isa sambandha meM koI dRr3ha AdhAra nahIM hai, Agama graMtha meM rAma kI carcA kahIM nahIM hai| parantu ina saba tarka-vitarkoM ke uparAMta itanA spaSTa hai ki vimalasUri se pUrva jo rAmakathA pracalita thI, usakA rUpa pUrNataH vikasita nahIM ho pAyA thA, arddhavikasita hone ke kAraNa usameM prAmANikatA kA bhI abhAva thA ataH vimalasUri ne isa paramparA pracalita rAmakathA ko satya, sopapattika, vizvasanIya banAne kA prayatna kiyaa| vimalasUri kI rAmakathA jainoM ke digambara tathA zvetAmbara donoM hI saMpradAyoM meM pracalita rhii| - vimalasUri kI paramparA ke anusAra rAmakathA kA svarUpa isa prakAra hai - rAjA ratnAzrava aura kaikazI kI cAra saMtAna haiM - rAvaNa, kuMbhakarNa, caMdranakhA tathA vibhiissnn| rAjA ratnAzrava ne apane putra rAvaNa kA nAma dazAnana isa kAraNa rakhA kyoMki unhoMne sarvaprathama jaba apane zizu rAvaNa ko dekhA to unake gale meM par3I mAlA meM unheM rAvaNa ke dasa sira dikhAI diye the| vimalasUri kI kathA meM iMdra, varuNa, yama prabhRti kA citraNa devarUpa meM na hokara rAjA ke rUpa meM huA hai| hanumAna ne rAvaNa kI ora se varuNa ke viruddha yuddha karake caMdranakhA kI putrI anaMgakusumA se vivAha kiyaa| kharadUSaNa isameM rAvaNa kA bhAI nahIM hai vaha kisI vidyAdhara vaMza kA rAjakumAra hai, kharadUSaNa kA vivAha rAvaNa kI bahana caMdranakhA se hotA hai tathA zambUka usakA putra hai| vimalasUri ne rAvaNa ko eka navIna rUpa meM cinhita kiyA hai| vimalasUri kI rAmakathA meM rAvaNa eka khala pAtra nahIM hai varan aneka sadguNoM se yukta eka udAtta, gaMbhIra zreSTha puruSa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| isa rAmakathA meM rAjA dazaratha kI cAra rAniyA~ haiM - kauzalyA, sumitrA, kaikeyI tathA suprabhA, jinake kramazaH rAma, lakSmaNa, bharata tathA zatrughna putra haiN| rAjA janaka kI rAnI videhA hai, unake eka putrI sItA tathA putra bhAmaNDala hai| vimalasUri ne sItAharaNa kA prasaMga paramparA se haTakara dikhAyA hai isameM sItAharaNa kA kAraNa lakSmaNa dvArA bhUla se zambUka ko mArA jAnA thA, zambUka sUryahAsa khaDga kI prApti hetu usa samaya tapasyA kara rahA thaa| sItAharaNa ke samaya lakSmaNa vana meM tathA rAma sItA ke pAsa kuTI meM the| lakSmaNa rAma ko siMhanAda kA saMketa batAkara jAte haiN| rAvaNa lakSmaNa ke samAna siMhanAda karatA hai jise sunakara rAma vana cale jAte haiM tathA isI madhya rAvaNa sItAharaNa kara letA hai| rAma rAvaNa ke sAtha yuddha meM vijayI hone ke uparAMta apanI ATha hajAra tathA lakSmaNa teraha hajAra patniyoM ke
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________________ 10 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 sAtha ayodhyA lauTakara rAjakArya sa~bhAlate haiM / agni-parIkSA meM saphala hone ke uparAMta sItA bhUmi praveza nahIM karatI haiM varan eka AryikA ke pAsa jAkara jainadharma meM dIkSA grahaNa karatI haiN| rAma tathA lakSmaNa kA aMta bhI bhinna rUpa meM dikhAyA gayA hai| eka dina do svargavAsI deva lakSmaNa ko vizvAsa meM lekara kahate haiM ki rAma kI mRtyu ho gayI, yaha samAcAra sunakara zokAkula lakSmaNa kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai tathA lakSmaNa naraka jAte haiM / lakSmaNa kI mRtyu ke pazcAt rAma lakSmaNa kI aMtyeSTi karake jainadharma meM dIkSita ho jAte haiM tathA sAdhanoparAMta mokSa prApta karate haiN| isI prasaMga para kathA samApta hotI hai| vimalasUri ke pazcAt raviSeNAcArya ne vi.saM. 733 meM saMskRta bhASA meM 'padmapurANa' kI racanA kii| yaha kathA vimalasUri kRta 'paumacariu' se itanI samAnatA rakhatI hai ki ise 'paumacariu' kA chAyAnuvAda kahA jAtA hai| guNabhadra kRta 'uttarapurANa' (955 vi.saM.) kI rAmakathA kA svarUpa saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai - rAjA dazaratha kAzI deza meM vArANasI ke rAjA the| rAma kI mA~ kA nAma subAlA tathA lakSmaNa kI mA~ kA nAma kaikeyI thaa| bharata, zatrughna kisI anya devI ke putra the| sItA rAvaNa kI rAnI maMdodarI kI putrI thii| jyotiSiyoM dvArA sItA ko vinAzakAriNI ghoSita kiye jAne ke bAda rAvaNa unheM eka maMjUSA meM DAlakara mArIca dvArA mithilA deza meM gar3avA detA hai / hala kI noka se ulajhI maMjUSA bAhara nikAlI gayI, usameM se sItA niklii| sItA janaka ko isa prakAra prApta huii| janaka ne sItA ko putrIvat pAlA tathA kAlAMtara meM rAjA janaka apane yajJarakSaka rAma ke sAtha unakA vivAha kara dete haiM / rAma tathA lakSmaNa janaka kI AjJA se vArANasI meM hI rahane lge| rAjA janaka ne rAvaNa ko apane yajJa meM nimaMtrita nahIM kiyA thA, isa apamAna ke kAraNa tathA nArada se sItA ke rUpa kI prazaMsA sunakara rAvaNa svarNamRga kA rUpa dhAraNa karake sItAharaNa kara letA hai| isa haraNa meM mArIca usakI sahAyatA karatA hai| haraNa ke samaya rAma-sItA vArANasI ke samIpa citrakUTa vATikA meM vicaraNa kara rahe the| guNabhadra kI kathA meM hanumAna sItA-uddhAra hetu rAma kI sahAyatA karate haiM / isa kathA meM lakSmaNa rAvaNa kA sira kATate haiN| rAma digvijaya ke uparAnta lakSmaNa ke sAtha ayodhyA lauTate haiN| isameM rAma kI ATha hajAra tathA lakSmaNa kI solaha hajAra rAniyA~ batAI gaI haiN| isa kathA meM lakSmaNa kI mRtyu kisI asAdhya roga ke kAraNa hotI hai, lakSmaNa kI mRtyu se rAma atyaMta vikSubdha ho jAte haiM / lakSmaNa kI mRtyu ke uparAMta rAma lakSmaNa ke putra pRthvIsuMdara ko rAjapada tathA sItA ke putra ajitaMjaya ko yuvarAja pada para abhiSikta karake jainadharma meM dIkSita hokara mokSa prApta karate haiM / sItA bhI aneka rAniyoM ke sAtha jainadharma meM dIkSita hokara mokSa prApta karatI haiN| guNabhadra ne apanI kathA meM sItA-svayaMvara, dhanuSayajJa, kaikeyI-haTha, rAma-vanavAsa, paMcavaTI, daMDakavana, jaTAyu, sUrpanakhA, kharadUSaNa, sItA-apavAda Adi prasaMgoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| sItA-janma viSNupurANa ke DhaMga kA hai|' isa kathA meM dazaratha ko vArANasI kA rAjA batAyA gayA hai. yaha prasaMga bauddha jAtaka kathA ke samAna hai|
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________________ 11 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 guNabhadra dvArA varNita rAmakathA mAtra digambara saMpradAya taka pracalita rhii| yata: jainAcAryoM dvArA racita sAhitya kA mukhya uddezya jainadharma kA pracAra-prasAra karanA thA ataH kathA ke mukhya pAtroM ko aMta meM jainadharma meM dIkSita hote dikhAyA gayA hai| guNabhadra kRta 'uttarapurANa' meM sItA ke ATha putroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai parantu unameM lavakuza kA nAma nahIM milatA hai / dazAnana isa kathA meM vinami vidyAdhara vaMza ke pulastya kA putra thaa| zatruoM ko rulAne ke kAraNa vaha rAvaNa khlaayaa|" isa rAmakathA meM sItA nirvAsana tathA lava-kuza janma kA ullekha nahIM hai| paravartI racanAoM meM mahAkavi puSpaMdata ke 'uttarapurANa' tathA cAmuNDarAya purANa meM guNabhadra kI kathA kA anukaraNa draSTavya hotA hai| jaina rAmakathAtmaka sAhitya meM asambhava ko sambhava banAne kI pravatti rahI hai| isameM tathA rAkSasoM ko vidyAdhara vaMza kI bhinna-bhinna zAkhAyeM mAnA gayA hai| jainiyoM ne vidyAdharoM ko manuSya mAnA hai tathA vidyAdhara inheM isalie kahA jAtA thA kyoMki ye aneka vidyAoM meM siddhahasta hote the| . vAnaravaMzI vidyAdharoM kI dhvajA, mahala tathA chata ke zikharoM para vAnaracihna hote the isalie unheM vAnara kahA jAtA thaa| apabhraMza sAhitya meM jina racanAkaroM ne rAmakAvya kA sRjana kiyA, unhoMne vimalasUri, raviSeNAcArya tathA guNabhadrAcArya kI rAmakathAoM kA hI AdhAra liyA hai / isalie pUrNa maulikatA ina kAvyoM meM bhI nahIM prApta hotI hai kyoMki kaI prasaMgoM ko paramparAgata DhaMga se varNita kiyA gayA hai| katipaya prasaMgoM ke saMdarbha meM navIna sthApanAyeM kI gayI haiN| svayaMbhU apabhraMza rAmakAvya paramparA ke prathama kavi haiN| inakA samaya 8vIM zatAbdI I. hai| inheM apabhraMza kA vAlmIki bhI kahA jAtA hai| paumacariu kI racanA dhanaMjaya ke Azraya meM huI thii| isa graMtha meM pA~ca kANDa, bAraha hajAra zloka tathA nabbe saMdhiyA~ haiM / isameM tirAsI saMdhiyoM kI racanA svayaMbhU ne tathA zeSa sAta saMdhiyoM kI racanA unake putra tribhuvana ne kI thii| saMdhiyoM ko pratyeka kANDa meM vibhakta kara diyA gayA hai, yaha vargIkaraNa isa prakAra hai - vidyAdhara kANDa : 20 saMdhi , ayodhyA kANDa : 22 saMdhi, suMdara kANDa : 14 saMdhi, - yuddha kANDa : 21 saMdhi, - uttara kANDa : 13 sNdhi| saMdhiyA~ kaDavakoM meM vibhakta haiM, paumacariu meM kula 1269 kaDavaka haiN| svayaMbhU kRta 'paumacariu' saMskRta 'padmacarita' kA apabhraMza rUpa hai| jaina paramparA meM 'padma' ko rAma kA paryAyavAcI mAnA jAtA hai| yadyapi svayaMbhU ne apanI isa rAmakathA ko 'paumacariu' zIrSaka se
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________________ 12 apabhraMza bhAratI 9-10 abhihita kiyA hai paraMtu 'paumacariu' ke atirikta svayaMbhU ne apanI isa rAmakathA hetu anya nAmoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai pomacariya 's, rAmAyaNapurANa", rAmAyaNa 7, rAmaevacariya 18, rAmacariya, rAmAyaNabhAva 20, rAghavacariu 21, rAmakahA 22 / 'paumacariu' kI sabase prAcIna prati bhaMDArakara iMsTITyUTa, pUnA meM hai jo 1564 I. meM gvAliyara meM pratilipi karake samApta huI thI tathA dUsarI jayapura meM hai / 23 isameM pajjhaTikA chaMda kI ATha-ATha addhAliyoM ke uparAMta dohA yA ghattA chaMda rakhane kA niyama prApta hotA hai / - svayaMbhU 'paumacariu' ke prArambha meM hI kahate haiM ki unhoMne isa rAmakathA ko likhane kI preraNA AcArya paramparA se lI hai tathA isa AcArya paramparA meM svayaMbhU raviSeNAcArya kA ullekha karate haiM tathA svIkArate haiM ki unakA paumacariu raviSeNa ke ' padmacarita' ke AdhAra para racita hai vaddhamANa-muha - kuhara vinniggy| rAma kahA- Nai eha kamAgaya // x X x pacchara indrabhUi AyarieM / puNu dhammeNa guNAlaMki eM // puNu pahave saMsArArAeM / kittihareNa aNuttaravAeM // puNu raviSeNAyariya psaaeN| buddhieN avagahiya kairAeM // 1,2 pa.ca. arthAt vardhamAna (tIrthaMkara mahAvIra) ke mukharUpI kaMdarA se, yaha rAmakathArUpI nadI krama se pravAhita ho rahI hai| yaha zobhita rAmakathA tadantara iMdrabhUti AcArya ko, phira guNoM se vibhUSita dharmAcArya ko, phira saMsAra se virakta prabhavAcArya ko prApta huii| isake pazcAt AcArya raviSeNa ke prasAda se kavirAja ne isakA svabuddhi se avagAhana kiyA / kathA prArambha karane kI rIti vimalasUri, raviSeNa tathA svayaMbhU tInoM kI hI eka jaisI hai| AcArya - paramparA ke sambandha meM eka tathya ullekhanIya hai ki vimalasUri kA smaraNa na to raviSeNa ne kiyA hai aura na hI svayaMbhU ne / yahA~ para Azcarya hotA hai ki jisa kavi kI paramparA kA anukaraNa kiyA usakA hI stavana nahIM kiyaa| jabaki AcArya - paramparA kA ullekha lagabhaga tayugIna sabhI graMthoM meM prApta hotA hai| khaira, ye donoM hI kavi svayaMbhU ke pUrvavartI kavi haiM tathA svayaMbhU ne ina donoM kI kathAoM ko katipaya parivartana ke sAtha grahaNa kiyA hai / svayaMbhU kI 'paumacariu' kI rAmakathA kA prArambha kucha lokapracalita zaMkAoM ke sAtha hotA hai / magadha nareza zreNika prazna karate haiM24 tathA gautama gaNadhara usakA uttara dete haiN| gautama gaNadhara sarvaprathama sRSTi kI racanA kA varNana karate haiM tadaMtara yugoM, kulakaroM, tIrthaMkaroM, vaMzoM kI utpatti batAte haiM phira rAkSasoM, vAnaroM tathA vidyAdharoM kI lIlAoM kA varNana karate haiM phira ikSvAku vaMza kA prArambha tathA isI vaMza meM rAjA dazaratha kA udaya tathA kaikeyI ko diye gaye varadAna kA ullekha karate haiM phira rAjA janaka tathA unake putra bhAmaMDala kI utpatti tathA bhAmaMDala ke vidyAdhara dvArA apahRta hone kI carcA karate haiM / anta meM dazarathasuta rAma kI utpatti ke sAtha kathA vistAra se prArambha hotI hai|
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________________ 13 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 'paumacariu' kA prArambha svayaMbhU prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI stuti se karate haiM usahassa maha Nava-kamala-komala - mavahara- vara- vahala - kIrti sohillaM / pAya-kamalaM sa- surAsura vaMdiya sirasA // 1.1 arthAt navakamaloM kI bhA~ti komala, sundara tathA uttama kAMti se zobhita tathA sura-asura dvArA vaMdita zrI RSabha bhagavAna ke caraNakamaloM ko maiM sira se namana karatA hU~ / - svayaMbhU dvArA varNita rAmakathA kA svarUpa isa prakAra hai vipulAcala ke zikhara para bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI kA samavasaraNa virAjamAna hotA hai / rAjA zreNika prazna karate haiM tathA gautama gaNadhara usakA uttara dete haiM / svayaMbhU ke anusAra bhArata meM do vaMza the - ikSvAku vaMza arthAt mAnava vaMza aura vidyAdhara vaMza / vidyAdhara vaMza kI paramparA meM hI Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha rAjA huye| unake pazcAt unake putra bharata cakravartI kI dIrgha paramparA meM sagara cakravartI samrATa huye| unhoMne vidyAdhara vaMzIya rAjA sahasrAkSa kI kanyA tilakakezI se vivAha kiyaa| rAjA sahasrAkSa rAjA meghavAhana ko mAra DAlatA hai kyoMki use apane pitA sulocana ke baira kA badalA use lenA thA / isa yuddha meM usakA putra toyadavAhana jIvita baca jAtA hai vaha ajita jinendra ke samavazaraNa meM jAkara zaraNa letA hai jahA~ iMdra use abhayadAna dete haiM / ajitanAtha kI zaraNa meM pahu~cane ke uparAMta sagara ke bhAI bhIma - subhIma pUrvajanma ke sneha ke kAraNa usakA AliMgana karate haiM tathA use rAkSasavidyA, laMkA tathA pAtAla laMkA pradAna karate haiN| toyadavAhana ke laMkApurI meM pratiSThita hone ke sAtha hI rAkSasavaMza kI paramparA kI utpatti hotI hai| 25 isI paramparA meM kAlAMtara meM rAvaNa kA janma hotA hai| rAvaNa ke janma ke samaya rAkSasavaMza kI sthiti atyaMta zocanIya thI / toyadavAhana kI paramparA meM Age calakara kIrtidhavala kA samaya AtA hai, kIrtidhavala ne apanI patnI ke bhAI zrIkaNTha ko vAnaradvIpa bheMTa meM diyA thA jisase vAnaravaMza kA vikAsa huaa| isa saMdarbha meM yaha tathya ullekhanIya hai ki 'vAnara ' cUMki zrIkaNTha ke kulacihna the ataH isase vAnaravaMza kA vikAsa mAnA jAtA hai| vAnaravaMza meM svayaMbhU ne hanumAna ke pitA pavanaMjaya kI utpatti, vivAha tathA parAkrama kA bhI vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA hai| svayaMbhU ne pavanaMjaya tathA aMjanA ke premAlApa tathA rati sambaMdhoM ko atyaMta saMkSipta rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| rAkSasavaMza meM vAnaravaMza meM yadyapi dIrghakAla se madhura sambandha the parantu vAnaravaMzIya rAjA vidyAmaMdira kI putrI zrImAlA ke svayaMvara ko lekara donoM vaMzoM ke madhya sambandha kaTu ho jAte haiN| isa vivAda meM rAkSasavaMza parAjita hotA hai / rAvaNa ke pitA kA nAma ratnAzrava tathA mA~ kA nAma kaikezI thA / rAvaNa eka dina khela-khela meM bhaMDAragRha meM jAkara toyadavAhana kA navagraha hAra uThA letA hai jisameM usake mukha ke dasa pratibimba dikhAI dete haiM / isI kAraNa rAvaNa kA nAma dazAnana par3a jAtA hai| rAvaNa ne rAkSasavaMza
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 ko usakI khoyI khyAti punaH lauTAI, vaha vidyAdharoM se pratizodha letA hai| usane vidyAdhara rAjA iMdra ko parAsta kara apane mausere bhAI vaizravaNa se puSpaka vimAna liyA thaa| kharadUSaNa usakI bahana caMdranakhA kA apaharaNa kara letA hai, rAvaNa kharadUSaNa se badalA lenA cAhatA hai parantu maMdodarI use manA kara detI hai| bAlI kI zauryagAthA sunakara vaha bAlI para AkramaNa kara use apane adhIna karane kA prayAsa karatA hai parantu svayaM parAsta ho jAtA hai| bAlI anta meM dIkSA grahaNa kara letA hai| rAvaNa kI mRtyu ke saMdarbha meM nArada muni kahate haiM ki dazaratha tathA janaka kI saMtAnoM ke dvArA hI rAvaNa kI mRtyu hogii| yaha sunakara vibhISaNa dazaratha tathA janaka ko mArane kA SaDyaMtra racatA hai| dazaratha tathA janaka ko jaba isa SaDyaMtra kA patA calatA hai to ve donoM chadmaveza meM va palAyana kara jAte haiM / dazaratha kautukamaMgala nAmaka nagara meM pahu~cate haiM jahA~ kaikeyI ke svayaMvara kI taiyArI ho rahI hotI hai| dazaratha usameM bhAga lete haiN| kaikeyI unheM varamAlA pahanA detI hai| kaikeyI dvArA dazaratha ko varamAlA pahanAne ke kAraNa anya rAjA dazaratha para AkramaNa kara dete haiN| isa yuddha meM kaikeyI dazaratha kI sahAyatA karatI hai, dazaratha sahAyatA hetu prasanna hokara kaikeyI ko varadAna dete haiM / dazaratha kI cAra rAniyA~ hotI haiM - kauzalyA, kaikeyI, sumitrA, suprabhA, jinake kramaza: rAma, bharata, lakSmaNa tathA zatrughna nAmaka putra haiN| rAjA janaka ke eka putrI sItA tathA putra bhAmaMDala hotA hai / eka vidyAdhara pUrvajanma ke kisI baira kA pratizodha lene hetu bhAmaMDala kA apaharaNa kara letA hai| rAjA janaka ke rAjya para barbara mlecchoM dvArA AkramaNa kiyA jAtA hai jisase trasta hokara janaka rAjA dazaratha se sahAyatA mA~gate haiM / dazaratha rAma-lakSmaNa ko unakI sahAyatArtha bhejate haiN| rAma-lakSmaNa unake kaSToM kA nivAraNa kara dete haiN| sItA svayaMvara meM rAma vajrAvarta tathA samudrAvarta dhanuSa car3hA kara sItA ko prApta karate haiN| rAma ke anya bhAiyoM kA vivAha rAjA zazivardhana kI 18 kanyAoM ke sAtha ho jAtA hai| dazaratha vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa rAma kA rAjyabhiSeka karanA cAhate haiM parantu kaikeyI rAma ko vanavAsa tathA bharata ko rAjya dene kA vara mA~gatI hai| bharata usa samaya ayodhyA meM hI the| svayaMbhU rAma ke caritra kA prArambha rAma vanavAsa ke prasaMga se mAnate haiM kyoMki rAma kA caritra yahA~ se apanI saMpUrNa viziSTatAoM ke sAtha mukharita hotA hai| rAma jaba gaMbhIrA nadI ko pAra karake eka vATikA meM pahu~cate haiM to bharata unheM vApasa ayodhyA calane hetu prArthanA karate haiM parantu rAma punaH unake sira para rAjapaTTa bA~dha dete haiM / bharata jinamaMdira meM pratijJA karate haiM ki rAma ke vApasa Ate hI vaha rAjya rAma ko samarpita kara deNge| sItA tathA lakSmaNa sahita rAma jaba vaMzasthala nAmaka sthAna para pahu~cate haiM to vahA~ kharadUSaNa tathA caMdranakhA kA putra zambUka sUryahAsa khaDga kI prApti hetu sAdhanA kara rahA thA, lakSmaNa dhokhe se zambUka kA sira kATa dete haiN| caMdranakhA putra-vadha kI sUcanA se krodhita hokara vadha karanevAle ko khojatI hai| rAma-lakSmaNa ko dekhakara usakA vicAra parivartita ho jAtA hai tathA vaha unake samakSa anucita prastAva rakhatI hai| aisA karane para lakSmaNa use apamAnita karake bhagA dete haiM / rAma-rAvaNa ke saMgharSa
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 15 kI prAraMbhika pRSThabhUmi caMdranakhA kA apamAna hai / rAvaNa isa apamAna se krodhita ho uThatA hai tathA pratizodhavaza avalokinI vidyA dvArA sItA kA apaharaNa kara letA hai| sItA nagara meM praveza nahIM karatI hai ata: unheM naMdanavana meM ThaharA diyA jAtA hai| sItA kI khoja meM sahAyatA heta sugrIva kI sahAyatA lete haiM / rAma sugrIva kI patnI kA uddhAra karate haiM / sugrIva hanumAna ko saMdeza dekara bhejate haiN| sItA saMdeza prApta karake pratijJAnusAra anna grahaNa karatI haiM / sItA prApti hetu rAma-rAvaNa yuddha hotA hai| rAvaNa mArA jAtA hai| rAma digvijaya karake vApasa ayodhyA lauTate haiN| rAma lokApavAda ke bhaya se sItA kA parityAga kara dete haiN| sItA apane mAmA vajrajaMgha ke sAtha vana calI jAtI haiN| vana meM sItA lavaNa tathA kuza nAmaka do putroM ko janma detI haiN| bar3e hokara ve rAma ke sAtha yuddha karate haiM / yaha jJAta hone para ki ye mere hI putra haiM rAma unheM AliMganabaddha karate haiN| sItA agniparIkSA dekara dIkSA le letI haiN| lakSmaNa kI mRtyu hone para rAma lakSmaNa ke mRta zarIra ko kaMdhoM para DAlakara cha: mAha taka bhaTakate rahate haiM / antataH Atmabodha hone para jainadharma meM dIkSA grahaNa karake mokSa prApta karate haiN| svayaMbhU kI rAmakathA pUrvavartI rAmakathA se samAnatA ke sAtha-sAtha bhinnatA bhI rakhatI hai vaise bhinnatA honA svAbhAvika bhI hai kyoMki prArambha meM hI kahA jA cukA hai ki yaha kathA NAmAvaliyanibaddha Ayariya parAgayaM' hai ata: yadi pratyeka racanAkAra AcArya paramparA se AyI kathA meM apanI icchAnusAra kiMcit bhI parivartana kareMge to svAbhAvika hai ki mUla kathA kA rUpa vikRta ho jaayegaa| parantu isa prasaMga ko vistAra na dekara una tathyoM kA ullekha Avazyaka hai jinake AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki svayaMbhU ne 'AcArya paramparA se Agata' kathA ko zabdazaH grahaNa nahIM kiyA varan usameM kucha navIna tathyoM kI udbhAvanA kI tathA katipaya sthaloM ko bahiSkRta bhI kiyaa| svayaMbhU apane graMtha ke prArambha meM prathama tIrthaMkara svAmI RSabha kI abhyarthanA karate haiN| vimalasUri tathA raviSeNa ne apane kAvya ke Arambha meM antima tIrthaMkara svAmI mahAvIra kI prArthanA kI hai| pUrvavartI rAmakAvyoM meM cAra vaMzoM kI utpatti kA varNana hai jabaki svayaMbhU ne do vaMzoM - ikSvAku tathA vidyAdhara vaMza kA hI ullekha kiyA hai| raviSeNa ke padmacarita meM hanumAna kI sAsa kA nAma hRdayavegA hai jabaki svayaMbhU ke 'paumacariu' meM manovegA nAma hai| svayaMbhU ne raviSeNAcArya kI bhA~ti prema tathA rati sambandhoM kA azlIla varNana nahIM kiyA hai tathA na hI isa prasaMga ko anAvazyaka vistAra diyA hai| nArada-sItA prasaMga meM bhI svayaMbhU vimala tathA raviSeNa kI apekSA bhinna mata pratipAdita karate haiN| svayaMbhU ke anusAra sItA nArada kA pratibimba darpaNa meM dekhakara mUrcchita ho jAtI hai| jabaki vimala tathA raviSeNa ke anusAra sItA nArada ko apane kakSa meM Ate dekhakara bhayabhIta hokara chipa jAtI haiN| yahA~ para svayaMbhU kI kalpanA adhika komala tathA hRdayasparzI hai / sItA kI sukumAratA kA suMdara citraNa hai / sItA ke isa vyavahAra se nArada svayaM ko apamAnita anubhava karate haiM tathA sItA se pratizodha lene ke liye eka SaDyaMtra karate haiN| svayaMbhU ke rAmakAvya meM nArada kA citra isa prasaMga meM adhika svAbhAvika lagatA hai| svayaMbhU ke nArada pUrvavartI rAmakAvyoM ke nArada kI
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI bhA~ti bhAmaMDala ke udyAna meM chipakara sItA kA citra nahIM rakhate varan pratyakSa rUpa se bhAmaMDala ke sammukha upasthita hokara sItA kA citra bhAmaMDala ko dikhAkara use Asakta karane kA prayAsa karate haiM / 16 - 9-10 dazaratha virakti kA prasaMga bhI svayaMbhU ne adhika udAratA tathA paripakvatA ke sAtha vyaMjita kiyA hai| svayaMbhU ne suprabhA kA citraNa adhika spaSTatA ke sAtha-sAtha garimAmaya rUpa meM kiyA hai / jina pratimA ke prakSAlana kA gaMdhodaka lekara kaMcukI apanI vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa kucha dera rAnI suprabhA ke pAsa pahu~catA hai yadyapi rAnI isa vilaMba ko apanA apamAna samajhatI haiM parantu phira bhI ve usa para kupita nahIM hotIM, ve mAtra dazaratha ko ulAhanA detI haiN| jabaki raviSeNa ke anusAra rAnI vilaMba se kaMcukI ke vahA~ pahu~cane ko apanA apamAna samajhatI haiM tathA AtmaghAta kA saMkalpa kara letI haiN| dazaratha bhI vilamba se Ane ke kAraNa kaMcukI para kupitaM hone lagate haiM parantu vRddhAvasthA meM zarIra kI jIrNatA tathA asamarthatA ko kaMcukI itane sAragarbhita rUpa meM prastuta karatA hai ki dazaratha ko jIvana tathA saMsAra se virakti ho jAtI hai| aMta meM dazaratha sarvabhUtahita nAmaka muni kI preraNA se jina bhakti meM anurakta ho jAte haiM, svayaMbhU ne ina muni kA nAma satyabhUti ullikhita kiyA hai / svayaMbhU ne rAma ke vyaktitva ko mahimAmaMDita karane kA prayAsa kaI prasaMgoM meM kiyA hai| aisA hI eka prasaMga rAma vanavAsa ke samaya kA hai jaba rAma bharata ke sira para rAjapaTTa bA~dhate haiM 27 tathA dUsarI bAra bhI jaba bharata rAma se ayodhyA vApasa calane kA anurodha karate haiM taba punaH rAma unake sira para rAjapaTTa bA~dhate haiN| 28 svayaMbhU kA yaha prasaMga vimala tathA ravi ke rAmakAvyoM meM nahIM prApta. hotA hai| zambUka - vadha ke uparAnta 'padmacarita' meM kharadUSaNa sahAyatArtha rAvaNa ke pAsa samAcAra bhejatA hai jabaki 'paumacariu' ke anusAra kharadUSaNa samAcAra nahIM varan patra bhejatA hai / rAvaNa jaba sItA kA haraNa karake lAtA hai to sItA ko AkRSTa karane ke liye vaha unheM yAna meM baiThAkara laMkA kA vaibhava dikhAne jAtA hai / " yaha prasaMga svayaMbhU kI maulika kalpanA hai / pUrvavartI kAvyoM meM isakA varNana nahIM milatA hai| sItA haraNa ke uparAnta rAma jaba sItA ko kuTiyA meM khojate haiM tathA jaba sItA unheM nahIM milatI hai to rAma unake viyoga meM Ahata hokara mUrcchita ho jAte haiN| yaha prasaMga vimala tathA ravi ke rAmakAvyoM meM nahIM upalabdha hotA hai / svayaMbhU ne sItA kA citraNa atyanta manovaijJAnikatA ke sAtha kiyA hai| svayaMbhU kI sItA naMdanavana meM akasmAt rAma pradatta a~gUThI ko apanI goda meM dekhakara kSaNabhara ke liye zaMkita ho jAtI haiN| ve apanI AtmasaMtuSTi hetu hanumAna kI parIkSA letI haiM tathA anukUla uttara pAkara hI vizvAsa karatI haiN|3deg raviSeNa ke anusAra sItA hanumAna ko turanta bulA letI haiM / isI prakAra aMgada ko rAvaNa kI sabhA meM bhejA jAnA, sItA ke satItva ko pramANita karane hetu trijaTA kA laMkA se ayodhyA AnA, sItAharaNa ke pazcAt laMkA para vipatti Ane kA sUcaka,
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________________ 17 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 trijaTA kA svapna prabhRti prasaMga svayaMbhU kI maulika udbhAvanAyeM haiM jo vimala tathA ravi ke kAvyoM meM prApta nahIM hotI haiN| kathA kA aMta svayaMbhU vimalasUri tathA raviSeNAcArya kI hI bhA~ti karate haiN| yaha pahale bhI kahA jA cukA hai ki apabhraMza sAhitya kA sRjana mUlata: dharmapracAra kI dRSTi se hI kiyA gayA hai| jainadharma kI pratiSThA karanA racanAkAroM kA mukhya lakSya rahA hai| svayaMbhU ne bhI aMta meM mukhya pAtroM ko jainadharmAnuyAyI ke rUpa meM dikhAyA hai| kathA ke mukhya pAtra jinabhakti meM dIkSA le lete haiM / jainadharma kI vyApakatA tathA usakI pratiSThA ke aMkana ke sAtha hI kathA ko aMtima rUpa diyA gayA hai| svayaMbhU kI pUrvavartI rAmakAvya paramparA tathA svayaMbhU ke rAmakAvya 'paumacariu' ke vivecana ke uparAnta bhI apabhraMza meM rAmakAvyoM kI racanA kI gii| svayaMbhU ke uparAnta unake putra tribhuvana ne rAmakAvya paramparA ko Age bddh'aayaa| yadyapi tribhuvana ne koI svataMtra pustaka nahIM likhI parantu svayaMbhU kRta 'paumacariu' kI aMtima sAta saMdhiyA~ unhoMne hI likhI thiiN| svayaMbhU ne tirAsI saMdhi likhakara kAvya ko pUrNatA pradAna kara dI thI parantu tribhuvana ko aisA pratIta huA ki abhI yaha sampUrNa nahIM hai| tribhuvana ne 'paumacariu' kI aMtima sAta saMdhiyoM meM jinadharma kI nIti upadezAtmaka kathAoM tathA rAma ke parinirvANa, rAma kI jainadharma meM dIkSA lenA prabhRti prasaMgoM ko sammilita kiyA hai| tribhuvana svayaMbhU ke sabase yogya putra the| kavitva pratibhA unameM thI parantu svayaMbhU kI bhAMti svAbhAvikatA tathA sAdagI unake kAvya meM parilakSita nahIM hotI hai| tribhuvana ke kAvya meM kalAtmakatA adhika hai tathA svAbhAvikatA km| parantu apabhraMza rAmakAvya paramparA ko unhoMne yogadAna diyA tathA 'paumacariu' kI antima sAta saMdhiyoM kI racanA karake 'paumacariu' ko jainamata ke anusAra pUrNa kiyaa| isa prakAra unhoMne apane pitA ke graMtha ko pUrNatA pradAna karake apabhraMza sAhitya ko apanA yogadAna diyaa| tribhuvana ke uparAnta rAmakAvya ke tIsare kavi puSpadanta the| inakA samaya 10vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| puSpadanta prArambha meM zaiva the, kAlAMtara meM ye jaina ho gaye the| puSpadaMta ne rAmakathA prArambha karane ke pUrva jo paramparA udadhata kI hai usameM unhoMne svayaMbha kA smaraNa Adara ke sAtha kiya hai| puSpadaMta ne rAmakathA kA varNana kisI svataMtra pustaka ke rUpa meM nahIM kiyA varan 'uttarapurANa' kI gyAraha saMdhiyoM (69-79) meM kiyA hai| puSpadaMta ne apanI rAmakathA kA svarUpa vimalasUri, raviSeNa tathA svayaMbhU kI rAmakathAoM ke AdhAra para nahIM nirmita kiyA hai varan ina sabhI se pRthak zvetAmbara matAvalaMbI guNabhadrAcArya ke 'uttarapurANa' meM varNita rAmakathA kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| guNabhadrAcArya kI rAmakAvya paramparA kA anusaraNa karane vAle puSpadaMta kI rAmakathA kA svarUpa svayaMbhU kI rAmakathA se kaI saMdarbho meM bhinna hai / puSpadaMta ne apane graMthoM meM apanA jo paricaya diyA hai usase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki ye svabhAva se spaSTavAdI tathA akkhar3a the| - yaha saMgha udAra vicAradhArA kA thaa| gyAraha saMdhiyoM meM vRhadAkAra rAmakathA ko sameTanA asaMbhava sA lagatA hai parantu puSpadaMta ne prayAsa kiyA lekina saMdhiyA~ kama hone ke kAraNa puSpadaMta
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________________ 18 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 ne saMkSepa meM zIghratA karane kA prayAsa kiyA jisase svAbhAvikatA meM kamI A gayI tathA kisI prakAra gyAraha saMdhiyoM meM kathA pUrNa karane ke uddezya se kathA meM AkarSaNa kA bhAva bhI kama ho gayA hai| DaoN. nAmavara isI kAraNa kahate haiM- saccAI yaha hai ki puSpadaMta kA mana rAmakathA meM utanA nahIM ramA hai, unakI kAvya pratibhA kA jauhara anyatra dikhAI par3atA hai| puSpadaMta kI rAmakathA kA svarUpa vimalasUri, raviSeNa tathA svayaMbhU kI rAmakathAoM se kaI saMdarbho meM bhinna hai / kathA paurANika DhaMga se vaktA-zrotA zailI ke rUpa meM kahI gaI haiM / zreNika apanI zaMkAoM ko gautama gaNadhara ke samakSa rakhate haiM tathA gautama una samasyAoM kA uttara dekara zreNika ko saMtuSTa karate haiM / 'puSpadaMta kI rAmakathA meM rAma kA janma ayodhyA meM nahIM varan kAzI meM hotA hai kyoMki dazaratha pahale kAzI ke rAjA the| rAma kI mA~ kA nAma subAlA thA, kauzalyA nhiiN| lakSmaNa kI mA~ sumitrA nahIM varan kaikeyI thii| lakSmaNa ko kaikeyI kA putra batAne se hI puSpadaMta kI rAmakathA kA svarUpa parivartita ho jAtA hai, isa tathya se rAma ke vana jAne kA prasaMga vizeSa rUpa se parivartita ho jAtA hai| puSpadaMta ke anusAra rAma kI sItA ke atirikta sAta anya patniyA~ thiiN| puSpadaMta ne sItA ko rAvaNAtmajA batAyA hai| sItA janma kI yaha mAnyatA viSNupurANa ke anusAra hai| guNabhadra tathA puSpadaMta ke atirikta anya rAmakAvyoM, yathA - vasudevahiNDi, kazamIrI rAmAyaNa, tibbatI tathA khotAnI rAmAyaNa, seratakAMDa, serInAma ke pAtAnI pATha, rAmakiyena, rAmajAtaka pAlakapAlaya meM bhI sItA ko rAvaNAtmajA mAnA gayA hai|34 rAvaNa sItA ko amaMgalakAriNI samajhakara maMjUSA meM rakhakara mithilA meM pheMka detA hai, jahA~ sItA janaka ko nahIM varan eka kisAna ko milatI hai, vaha kisAna janaka ko sItA bheMTasvarUpa detA hai / sItAharaNa kA prasaMga bhI yahA~ anya rAmakathAoM se bhinna dikhAyI detA hai / rAvaNa sItAharaNa sUrpanakhA ke apamAna kA badalA lene hetu nahIM karatA varan nArada ke uttejita karane para karatA hai| sItAharaNa paMcavaTI se nahIM varan vArANasI ke samIpa kisI vana se hotA hai| puSpadaMta kI kathA meM hanumAna sItA ko nahIM khoja pAye the| puSpadaMta kI kathA meM rAma gauravarNa ke tathA lakSmaNa zyAma varNa ke the| bAli tathA rAvaNavadha lakSmaNa karate haiM rAma nhiiN| dazaratha kI mRtyu rAma ke ayodhyA vApasa Ane ke uparAnta hotI hai| lakSmaNa kI mRtyu kisI roga se hotI hai / lakSmaNa-mRtyu ke uparAMta rAma lakSmaNa ke putra pRthvIcaMdra ko rAjya dekara svayaM vairAgI ho jAte haiN| puSpadaMta ne rAmakathA kA svarUpa isa prakAra parivartita kiyA ki usameM bharata jaisA mukhya pAtra tathA zatrughna donoM hI upekSita rahate haiM / bharata tathA zatrughna kI mA~ kA nAmollekha bhI puSpadaMta ne nahIM kiyA hai, bharata-zatrughna 'kasyacit devyAM' kisI devI ke putra the| yadyapi puSpaMdata ne mAtra gyAraha saMdhiyoM meM hI rAmakathA ko varNita kiyA, jisase kathA aisI pratIta hotI hai jaise atyaMta zIghratA ke sAtha use varNita kiyA jA rahA hai tathApi puSpadaMta ne gaMgA utpatti, vAnara utpatti, rAvaNa kA dazAnana honA prabhRti prasaMgoM ko kuzalatApUMka abhivyakti pradAna kI hai| rAvaNa tathA sUrpanakhA jaise khala pAtroM kA citraNa bhI udAratApUrvaka adhika ujjvala rUpa
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 19 meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| vaise isa saMbaMdha meM to jaina dharma kA hI prabhAva hai kyoMki jainadharma meM rAma, lakSmaNa ke samAna rAvaNa ko bhI triSaSTi mahApuruSa mAnA gayA hai, isa kAraNa usakA citraNa to ujjvala rUpa meM citrita karanA svAbhAvika hI hai / tathApi puSpadaMta ne apabhraMza rAmakAvya paramparA ko apanA yogadAna diyA tathA isa prakAra guNabhadrAcArya kI rAmakAvya paramparA ko Age bddh'aayaa| __ puSpadaMta ke uparAnta caMdavaradAyI ne apane mahAkAvya 'pRthvIrAjarAso' ke dvitIya prastAva meM rAma kathA kA varNana kiyA hai| isa prastAva kA nAma 'atha dasama likhyate' hai, prastAva ke aMta meM likhA hai - "iti zrI kavicaMda viracite pRthvIrAjarAso ke dasAvatAra varNana nAma dvitIya prastAva sampUrNa / isI dohe ke anusAra hI isa prastAva meM dasAvatAroM kI carcA kI gaI hai| 'pRthvIrAjarAso' ke dvitIya prastAva yA samaya, jisameM rAma kathA kI carcA kI gaI hai, ko prathama prastAva ke aMta se jor3A gayA hai| prathama prastAva ke aMta meM kavi-patnI mukti pradAna karane vAle harirasa ke vividha varNanoM ke saMbaMdha meM jijJAsA karatI haiM, kavi uttara meM unase dhyAnapUrvaka dazAvatAroM kA varNana sunane hetu kahate haiN| isa prakAra dvitIya prastAva ke dasAvatAroM kI bhUmikA * kI pRSThabhUmi prathama prastAva ke aMta meM hI nirmita kara dI gaI hai| ina dasAvatAroM meM kramazaH matsya, kacchapa, vArAha, nRsiMha, vAmana, parazurAma, rAma, kRSNa, buddha tathA kalki kI kathA ko 584 chaMdoM meM varNita kiyA gayA hai| rAmAvatAra kI carcA 38 chaMdoM meM kI gaI hai| rAmakathA 231 se lekara 263 chaMdoM meM kahI gaI hai| kavi caMda rAma tathA kRSNa kI vyApaka tathA mahAn kathA ko varNita karane hetu apAra samaya kI AvazyakatA para bala dete huye kahate haiM - rAma kisana kittI srs| kahata lagaiM bhbaar|| huccha Ava kavi caMda kii| sira cahuAnA bhaar|| chaM. 585, saM. 2 kavi caMda Age ke chaMda meM vAlmIki kA bhI nAma lete hai| isa saMbaMdha meM DaoN. trivedI kA mata hai ki ajamera tathA jayapura ke saMgrahAlayoM meM saMgRhIta bArahavIM sadI kI aneka viSNu kI mUrtiyA~ isa bAta kA pratipAdana karatI haiM ki pRthvIrAja ke kAla meM vaiSNava mata pracalita thA tathA dazAvatAra bhI janatA meM pUjya the| 'pRthvIrAja vijaya mahAkAvyam' ke praNetA jayAnaka ne bhI kumAra pRthvIrAja ke kaMTha meM dazAvatAra AbharaNa pahanAne kA ullekha kiyA hai jo rAso yuga meM viSNu kI mahimA kA dyotaka hai| rAso ke dazAvatAroM ke varNana kA krama 'zrImadbhAgavata' tathA 'viSNupurANa' ke anusAra hai|" rAso ke rAmAvatAra kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM pAtroM kA citraNa mukhya rUpa se vIra tathA raudra rUpa meM hI kiyA gayA hai, vaise ojasvitA ke sAtha varNana karanA svAbhAvika bhI hai kyoMki oja rAso kAvya kI sarvapramukha vizeSatA hai / rAso kAvyoM meM varNana zailI, zabdayojanA, kathAnaka prabhRti samasta yojanAyeM oja guNa ko hI kendra meM rakhakara varNita kI jAtI haiN| / rAmAvatAra ke prathama cAra chaMdoM meM, parazurAma dvArA kSatriyoM kA saMhAra tathA brAhmaNoM ko pRthvIdAna ayodhyAnareza dazaratha ke ghara meM rAma, lakSmaNa, bharata tathA zatrughna kA janma, kaikeyI dvArA bharata ko rAjasiMhAsana tathA rAma ko vanavAsa dene kI mA~ga tathA rAma-lakSmaNa kA paMcavaTI jAkara kuTI banAnA
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________________ 20 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| zeSa cauMtIsa chaMdoM meM rAma-rAvaNa yuddha, rAvaNa-vadha tathA sItA ke uddhAra kA varNana hai| yaha varNana sUrpanakhA ke bhayAvaha rUpa ke citraNa se prArambha hotA hai| rAma kuMbhakarNa ko tatpazcAt rAvaNa ko dharAzAyI karate haiM / rAvaNa ke dharAzAyI hote hI rAkSasagaNa rudana karane lagate haiM tathA devagaNa prasanna ho jAte haiN| prazastigAyaka rAma kI stuti gAte haiN| aMta meM sAgaravaMdanA karake rAma, sItA tathA lakSmaNa sahita vahA~ se prasthAna karate haiM / rAso ke AgAmI chaMdoM meM bhI ekAdhika bAra rAma kathA kA prasaMga AyA hai| prastAva pai, saMyogitA pUrvajanma prasaMga tathA 'prastAva 63, ASeTa caSa zrApa nAma' meM bhI punaH rAmakathA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| DaoN. trivedI ke anusAra rAma kathA saMbaMdhI prasaMga rAso ke madhyama tathA laghu saMskaraNa meM hI prApta hotA hai / laghutama saMskaraNa meM yaha prasaMga aprApya hai / tathApi rAso kI rAmakathA tathA:dazAvatAra varNana paryApta prAcIna hai| caMdavaradAyI ke uparAMta raidhU ne 'padmapurANa-balabhadra purANa' kI racanA kii| isa graMtha kA racanAkAla vi.saM. 1496 se pUrva mAnA jAtA hai / isa graMtha kI do hastalikhita pratiyA~ Amera zAstra bhaMDAra jayapura meM prApta hotI haiM / isameM gyAraha saMdhiyoM tathA do sau paiMsaTha kaDavakoM meM jaina matAnusAra rAmakathA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 'padmapurANa' kI puSpikAoM meM isake liye 'balabhadrapurANa' nAma bhI prApta hotA hai| pratyeka saMdhi kI puSpikA meM isa nAma kA ullekha milatA hai| saMdhiyoM ke prAraMbha meM saMskRta ke padyoM dvArA harisiMha kI prazaMsA aura unake lie maMgalakAmanA kI gaI hai| graMtha kA Arambha nimnalikhita padya se kiyA gayA hai - OM namaH siddhebhyH| paraNaya viddhaMsaNu, muNisuvvaya jiNu, paNavivi vahu guNagaNa bhriu| siri rAmaho kareMu, sukkha jaNerau, saha lakkhaNa payaDami criu|| isake pazcAt jina stavana, tatpazcAt graMtha prArambha kiyA jAtA hai / kathA vaktA-zrotA zailI meM kahI gaI hai| zreNika prazna karate haiM tathA iMdrabhUti usakA uttara dete haiN| DaoN. kochar3a kA mata hai ki kathA varNita karane meM zIghratA sI pratIta hotI hai| uparokta rAmakAvyoM ke atirikta apabhraMza rAmakAvya paramparA meM anya kisI rAmakAvya kA ullekha nahIM prApta huA, saMbhava hai ki anya rAmakAvyaM likhe gaye hoM parantu pramANoM ke abhAva meM kucha kahanA anucita hogaa| svayaMbhU ke pUrvavartI tathA paravartI rAmakAvyoM ke saMkSipta vivecana ke uparAMta aba apabhraMza rAmakAvya paramparA meM svayaMbhU kRta 'paumacariu' kA mUlyAMkana apekSita hai| 'paumacariu' meM yadyapi kathA paramparAgata DhaMga se vaktA-zrotA zailI meM nibaddha hai parantu svayaMbhU kI vilakSaNa tathA svAbhAvika guNoM se yukta abhivyaMjanA zailI ke kAraNa AdyopAMta kathA meM AkarSaNa banA rahatA hai| svayaMbhU sahI arthoM meM sacce saMvedanazIla kavi haiN| mAnava mana ko satyatA ke sAtha ubhAra kara kuzalatApUrvaka citrita karane kI unameM anUThI kSamatA hai / svayaMbhU jaina dharma dvArA vyaSTi tathA samaSTi donoM meM hI eka parivartana, eka naitika krAMti lAnA cAhate haiN|
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________________ 21 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 svayaMbhU ne rAma kA citraNa atyaMta svAbhAvikatA ke sAtha kiyA hai| unhoMne rAma ke utkarSa hetuoM ke sAtha-sAtha unake apakarSa hetuoM ko bhI utanI hI tanmayatA se abhivyaMjita kiyA hai| unake rAma na hI devakoTi ke haiM tathA na hI koI mahAn Adarza / ve vAstavikatA ke dharAtala para khar3e sAmAnya mAnava haiM / svayaMbhU ke rAma mAnavIya pauruSa ke pratinidhi haiM / rAma kA manuSyarUpa meM citraNa mAnava samAja ke lie gaurava kA viSaya hai| svayaMbhU ne 8vIM zatAbdI meM hI ihaloka ke mAnava ko 'rAma rUpa' meM pratiSThita karake mAnava samAja ko gauravAnvita kiyaa| svayaMbhU ke rAma, jahA~ eka ora sItA ko kuTI meM na pAkara sAmAnya mAnava kI bhA~ti karuNa kraMdana karane lagate haiM tathA sampUrNa sRSTi ko apane A~suoM se nama kara dete haiM vahI rAma kartavyapAlana kI zrRMkhalA meM baMdhana meM ba~dhe manuSya kI bhA~ti niSkaruNa bhAva se usI sItA ko na kevala kaTu zabdabANoM dvArA Ahata karate haiM varan usa pativratA nArI ko pASANahRdayI hokara agni ko bhI samarpita kara dete haiN| rAma ke caritra ke ina donoM hI pakSoM kA svayaMbhU ne atyaMta mArmika tathA hRdayasparzI citraNa kiyA hai| svayaMbhU ne sItA kA citraNa bhI atyaMta kuzalatApUrvaka kiyA hai| jo sItA itanI sukumAra hai ki darpaNa meM nArada kA pratibimba dekhate hI mUrcchita ho jAtI haiM vahI sItA agniparIkSA ke uparAMta rAma dvArA kSamAyAcanA ke uparAMta bhI vApasa AyodhyA nahIM jAtI haiM tathA dIkSA grahaNa kara letI haiM / eka sAmAnya mAnava kI bhA~ti rAma sItA ke lie (agniparIkSA se pUrva) atyaMta azobhanIya tathA niMdanIya zabda prayukta karate haiN| sItA pratyuttara meM saMyata svara meM nArItva kI pratiSThA karatI haiM tathA nara-nArI aMtara ko spaSTa karatI haiM / nArI jAti kI sahanazIlatA ke sambandha meM ve kahatI haiM ki isameM na to samAja kA doSa hai tathA naM kisI vyaktivizeSa kA doSa hai varan strI honA hI apane Apa meM sabase bar3A doSa hai| saMyata svara meM kahI gayI yaha bAta kitanI mArmika tathA sAragarbhita hai aura sAtha hI niSkaruNa, mithyA daMbhI puruSa samAja para eka tIvra kuThArAghAta bhI hai| agniparIkSA ke samaya rAma ke isa vyavahAra para prajAgaNa bhI sItA ke pakSa meM the tathA rAma kI bhartsanA karate huye kahate haiM - rAma niSThura, nirAza, mAyArata tathA anarthakArI aura duSTabuddhi haiN| patA nahIM sItAdevI ko isa prakAra homa karake vaha kauna sI gati paayeNge| agniparIkSA ke uparAMta sItA dvArA svakezaloMca karanA sarvAdhika mArmika prasaMga hai jo svayaMbhU kI saccI saMvedanazIlatA tathA utkRSTa abhivyaMjanA kA paricAyaka hai| svayaMbhU udAtta vicAradhArA ke poSaka the, svayaMbhU meM dhArmika kaTTaratA nahIM thii| rAma kA mAnavIya rUpa meM citraNa bhI unakI udAttatA kA hI dyotaka hai| svayaMbhU ke rAma kA yaha mAnavIya rUpa lokajIvana kI nidhi hai| svayaMbhU ne lokajIvana kA citraNa atyaMta sajIvatA ke sAtha kiyA hai| 'paumacariu' meM svayaMbhU ne anAvazyaka rUpa se na hI kahIM pAMDitya pradarzana kiyA hai tathA na hI use alaMkArayukta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| kathA ko svAbhAvika evaM sahaja rUpa se 'sAmaNNa gAmilla bhAsa' meM nibaddha kara diyA hai jo svayaMbhU ke
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________________ 22 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 maulika tathA naisargika ciMtana ko ujAgara karate haiM / kAvyAtmaka utkarSa kI parAkASThA tathA mArmika sthaloM kI hRdayasparzI abhivyaMjanA 'paumacariu' kI pramukha viziSTatA hai| svayaMbhU kA jIvana ke prati AsthApUrNa dRSTikoNa 'paumacariu' ke mAdhyama se vyaMjita hotA hai| svayaMbhU ne 'paumacariu' meM ucca mUlyoM kI pratiSThA kI hai| unakI utkRSTa rAmakathA ko dekhate hue DaoN. harIza unheM apabhraMza kA vAlmIki kahate haiM tathA svayaMbhU ke 'paumacariu' kI maulikatA para bhI DaoN. harIza apane vicAra vyakta karate haiN|7 DaoN. nAmavara siMha bhI svayaMbhU ko apabhraMza kA vAlmIki kahate haiM / 48 svayaMbhU kI kAvyapratibhA ko parilakSita karate huye DaoN. bhAyANI kahate haiM - svayaMbhU kI gaNanA una bhAgyazAlI lekhakoM meM honI cAhiye, jinheM unake jIvanakAla meM hI sAhityika prasiddhi kI mAnyatA milI jinheM paravartI pIr3hiyoM dvArA pravardhita kiyA gyaa| unheM unake jIvanakAla meM kavirAja ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thA tathA unake putra tribhuvana unakI zAnadAra prazaMsA karate huye kabhI nahIM thkte| svayaMbhU kRta 'paumacariu' apabhraMza rAmakAvya paramparA kI amUlya nidhi hai, jisakA prabhAva paravartI rAmabhakta racanAkAroM para bhI svIkArA jAtA hai| hindI rAmakAvya paramparA ke sarvapramukha marmajJa kavi tulasIdAsa para bhI yaha prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai / tulasI ne apanI rAmakathA ke preraNAsrotoM ke saMdarbha meM eka zabda 'kvacidanyatopi' kA ullekha kiyA hai, rAhula sAMkRtyAyana jI ke anusAra isakA Azaya svayaMbhU rAmAyaNa se hI hai| DaoN. rAmasiMha tomara, DaoN. saMkaTAprasAda upAdhyAya tathA DaoN. harivaMza kochar3a bhI paravartI rAmakAvyoM para 'paumacariu' kA prabhAva svIkArate haiN| vibhinna vidvAnoM ke vicArollekha ke uparAMta 'paumacariu' kI mahattA svayaMsiddha ho jAtI hai| saphala racanA vahI hotI hai jo zatAbdiyoM kI dhuMdha meM dhUmila nahIM hotI hai varan kAlAMtara, meM adhika prAsaMgika ho jAtI hai| svayaMbhU yathArtha jIvana ke pratiSThApaka, udAtta vicAroM ke poSaka tathA eka krAMtikArI yugakavi the, unhoMne 'paumacariu' ke mAdhyama se hindI sAhitya ko kaI arthoM meM maulika saMdeza diye haiN| 1. ikSvAkUNamidaM teSAM rAjJAM vaMze mhaatmnaam| mahadutpannamAkhyAnaM rAmAyaNa miti zrutam // - vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, bAlakANDa, sarga 3 2. DaoN. kAmila bulke, rAmakathA, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1962, pR. 724, hindI pariSad prakAzana prayAga vi.vi., pryaag| 3. DaoN. harivaMza kochar3a, apabhraMza sAhitya, pR. 37-38, bhAratIya sAhitya maMdira, dillii| 4. zrI nAthUrAma premI, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR. 280 / 5. DaoN. saMkaTAprasAda upAdhyAya, mahAkavi svayaMbhU, pR. 45, bhArata prakAzana maMdira, aliigddh'| 6. DaoN. bI.ema. kulakarNI, dI sTorI oNpha rAma ina jaina liTarecara, aprakAzita zodhagraMtha, bambaI vi.vi., pR. 261
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI 9-10 7. aliyaM pi savvameyaM uvavatti viruddhapaccaguNehiM / na ya saddahaMti purisA havaMti je paMDiyA loe // evaM ciMtaMto cci saMsaya parihAra kAraNaM rAyA / jiNa darisaNussuyamaNo gamaNucchAho tao jAo // - 2.917-18 paumacariu / - 23 " 8. DaoN. saMkaTAprasAda upAdhyAya, mahAkavi svayaMbhU, pR. 46, bhArata prakAzana maMdira, alIgar3ha / 9. DaoN. kAmila bulke, rAmakathA, pR. 366, hindI pariSad prakAzana, prayAga vi. vi. prayAga / 10. DaoN. saMkaTAprasAda upAdhyAya, mahAkavi svayaMbhU pR. 47, bhArata prakAzana maMdira, alIgar3ha / 11. DaoN. nAthUrAma premI, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR. 279 / 12. vahI, pR. 280 13. vahI / 14. DaoN. harivaMza kochar3a, apabhraMza sAhitya, pR. 40, bhAratI sAhitya maMdira, dillI / 15. bhAura - sua - sirikaharAya-taNaya-kaya-pomacariya avasesaM / prazasti pada 15 | 16. jina - ratnakoza meM paumacariu kA varNana isI nAma ke antargata huA hai / 17. rAmAyaNassa sese aTNasImo immo saggo / pa.ca., 88 saMdhi ke aMtima ghattA se uddhRta / 18. iya rAmaevacariu dhaNaMjayAsiya sayambhueva - kae / pa.ca., 18vIM saMdhi ke aMtima ghattA se uddhRta / 19. baMdau - Asiya- tihuyaNa sayambhu pariraiya- rAmacariyassa / pa.ca., 86 saMdhi ke aMtima ghattA se uddhRta / 20. puNu appAvau pAyaumi rAmAyaNa - kAve / pa.ca. 1, 1, 19 / 21. Arambhika puNu rAghava - cariu / 23, 1, 19 / 22. rAma kahA gaI eha kamAgayA 1, 2, 1 / 23. DaoN. vipina bihArI trivedI, apabhraMza praveza, pR. 24, pArula prakAzana, lakhanaU / 24. jage loeMhiM Dhakkarivantaehi / uppAira maMtiu maMtaehiM // so maMdovari jaNaNi sama, kiha lei vihIsaNu // 1, 10 25. laMkADarihi paiTTha avicala rajjeM pariTThiu / rakkhasa- vaMsahoM NAI pahilau kandu samuTThiu // pa.ca. 1, 5, 9 26. sIyahe deha riddhi pAvantiheM / ekku divasu dapyaNu joyantiheM // paDimA chaleNa mahA-bhaya-gArau / Arisa - vesu NihAliu NArau // jaNaya-tavaya sahasatti paNaTThI / sIhAgamaNe kuraMgi va tuTThI // 21, 27. pekkhantaho jaNaho surakari- -kara-pavara- pacaNDaiM hi yaTTu Nivaddha sire rahu- sueNa sa yaM bhuva - daNDeMhi // 22, 9
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________________ 24 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 28. eu vayaNu bhaNeppiNu suh-smiddh| saiM hattheM bharahahoM paTu vaddha / / 24, 10 29. to avaheri karevi vihiisnn| caDiu mahaggae tisagavihUsaNa // sIya vi puSpha-vimANe cuviy| paTTaNe haTTa soha darasAviya / / 42.6 30. taM NisuNevi sIya priosiy| 'sAhu sAhu bho' ema pdhosiy|| 'suhu-sriir-viir-vl-mddhoN| saccaI bhiccu hohi vlhddhoN'|| puNu-puNu ema pasaMsa krntieN| parihie aMgutthalau turntieN| 50.6 31. DaoN. nAmavarasiMha, hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza kA yoga, 1991 saMskaraNa, pR. 195, lokabhAratI prakAzana, ilAhAbAda / 32. vhii| 33. vahI, pR. 1971 34. DaoN. kAmila vulke, rAmakathA, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1962, pR. 366, hiMdI pariSad prakAzana, prayAga vi. vi., pryaag| 35. sira cahuAnA bhAra / rAma lIlA chiga gaaiy|| bAlamIka rissraaj| kisana dIpAyAna dhaariy|| chaM 586, saM. 2 36. dazAvatArA bharaNaM kaNThe rkssaarthmaahitm| ananya rakSarakSamAtmAnazaMsatasya rakSitu // zlo. 43, a. 2 // 37. DaoN. vipina bihArI trivedI, pRthvIrAjarAso, 1964 saMskaraNa, pR. 78, pArUla prakAzana, lkhnuu| 38. DaoN. vipina bihArI trivedI, rASTrakavi maithilIzaraNa gupta abhinaMdana graMtha, kalakattA 1959 I., pR. 677-79 / 39. isa valahadda purANe, vuhiyaNa viMdehi laddha smmaanne| 40. DaoN. harivaMza kochar3a, apabhraMza sAhitya, pR. 118, bhAratI sAhitya maMdira, dillii| 41. jaM muu jaDAi hiya jnny-sua| dhAhAviu ubbhA karevi bhua|| hauM kahiM hari kahiM ghariNi kahiM gharu kahiM pariyaNu chinnnnu| bhUya-valitva kuDumbu jage haya-daive kaha vikkhiNNayu // 39.2 42. jai vi kulaggayAu NikhapNau mahilau hoMti suThu Nillajjau / 83.8 43. purisa vihIna honti gulavaMta vi| tiyaheM Na pattijjanti maruva vi| 83.8 44. Nara-Narihi evaDDau aNtru| maraNeM vi velli Na mellai truvru|| 83.9 45. NiTTharu NirAsu mAyArau dukkiya-gArau kuur-mi| Nau jANahu~ sIya vaheviNu rAmu lahesai kapaNa gi|| 83.9
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 25 46. DaoN. harIza, AdikAlIna hindI sAhitya zodha, pR. 23, sAhitya bhavana li., ilaahaabaad| 47. kavi ne rAma, rAvaNa, sItA, vibhISaNa, hanumAna, lakSmaNa Adi sabhI pAtroM ko jainazilpa meM DhAlA hai tathA maulikatA prastuta kI hai.... rAma kI sItA ke prati kaThoratA, sItA kA pAtivratya, agniparIkSA, rAvaNa-sItA sambandha tathA sItA kI jina-dharma meM dIkSA Adi kI bAteM mailika haiN| - vahI, pR. 24 / 48. DaoN. nAmavara siMha, hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza kA yoga, 1991 saMskaraNa, pR. 194, lokabhAratI prakAzana, ilaahaabaad| 49. zrI rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, sarasvatI patrikA, sitambara 1955 aMka, 156, ilaahaabaad| 50. tulasI kI kRti meM prAya: chaMdoM kI rUparekhA apabhraMza caritakAvyoM ke samAna hI hai| usakA mUlasrota apabhraMza ke ina caritakAvyoM ko mAnA jA sakatA hai| paddhar3iyA-ghattA zailI kA hI parivartita rUpa dohA-caupAI zailI ko kahA jA sakatA hai| 51. DaoN. saMkaTAprasAda upAdhyAya, mahAkavi svayaMbhU, pR. 219, bhArata prakAzana maMdira, aliigddh'| 52. DaoN. harivaMza kochar3a, apabhraMza sAhitya, pR. 46, bhAratI sAhitya maMdira, dillii|
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________________ 26 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 mahAsaraM pattavisesabhUsiyaM mahAsaraM pattavisesabhUsiyaM suhAlayaM skkiviNdseviyN| sulakkhaNAlaMkariyaM suNAyayaM Niu vva rAmu vva vaNaM viraaiyN||vNstth|| rAyahaMsagaigamaNa rNbhaajNghoruyaikoml| . pavaralayAhararamaNa kayapasUyaNiyasaNa Niru nnimml|| aliromAvaliNiddha vitta tllnnaahiisumnnohr| pINapavarauttuMgamAhu liNgubbhaasiythnnhr|| vellIbhuyasukumAla rttaasoypttkrsuNdr| biMbIhalaaharadala daaddimbiiysudsnnaannNdir|| caMpayahullasuNAsa viysiyiNdiivrdlloynn| pomANaNa sihipicchkesbNdhjnnmynnukkoynn|| caMdaNaghusiNaravaNNavaNNa tilyNjnnsupsaahnn| kappUrAyarasoha bhubhuyNgseviyhrivaahnn|| kaMcaNavaMta sumaMDa koillliyaalaavsuhaasinni| tarurAiya vaNe tetthu diTThiya rAe~ NAi~ vilaasinni|| iyaguNehi~ para uNNa kAsu Na hiyavau harai nniruttiy| kAmaleha NAmeNaM paddhaDiyA phuDu esa puttiy|| ghattA - rAyAgamaNeNa taNuromaMciya bhaasi| Navakusumahalehi~ agdhaMjali va pyaasi||8|| sudaMsaNacariu 7. 8
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 akTUbara akTUbara 1997, - 1998 27 paumacariu kI loka-dRSTi ( vidyAdhara kANDa ke sandarbha meM ) -- DaoN. zailendrakumAra tripAThI sAdhAraNa jana kI manobhAvanA, ruci, svabhAva evaM AkAMkSA ko jitanI sahajatA se kavi grahaNa karatA hai agara usI sahajatA se use vaha kavitA meM vyakta kara detA hai to nizcita hI, vaha zAstra kA nirmANa karane meM sakSama hai| hamArI paramparA ke prAcIna sarjakoM kA AbhijAtya sahI mAyane meM isI rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| sAhitya ke 'sahita' kA bhAva yadi manuSya ke rUpa meM jI rahe nirdhanatama kI AzA kA vidhvaMsa karane meM hai to eka sAtha aneka praznavAcaka khar3e ho sakate haiM ? hindI sAhitya kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi ko dekhane para yaha patA calatA hai ki hindI jAti kI socane-vicArane aura sRjana kSamatA kI samRddhi kA kAla 'Adi kAla' apabhraMza ke dAyare meM baMdhA hai| rAmacandra zukla, AcArya dvivedI, candradhara zarmA gulerI, DaoN. rAma vilAsa zarmA se lekara DaoN. rAmakRpAla pANDeya taka ise svIkAra karane meM saMkoca nahIM karate, aba eka dUsarA ahama muddA hai| apabhraMza kisa taraha kI bhASA thI? bhASA thI, isameM kisI bhI vidvAna ko koI Apatti nahIM hai- vivAda meM par3anA apanA abhISTa nahIM hai, ataH- hajArIprasAdajI ke paraspara virodhI vicAroM ke Aloka meM rAmavilAsajI kI mAnyatAe~ aura una mAnyatAoM se prerita hokara DaoN. rAmakRpAla pANDeya ke preraka aura vaicArika sujhAva kahA~ taka aura kitane grAhya ho sakate haiM yaha alaga lekha kA viSaya ho sakatA hai| yahA~ hama apabhraMza kI eka vikhyAta kRti 'pauma cariu' jo mahAkavi svayaMbhU kI prabandha kRti hai aura pA~ca kANDoM meM vibhakta hai- vidyAdhara kANDa - 1-20 saMdhiyA~,
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI 9-10 ayodhyA kANDa 22 (21-42) sandhiyAM sundara kANDa - 14 ( 43-56) sandhiyAM, yuddha kANDa - 21 (57-77) sandhiyAM, uttara kANDa - 13 (78-90) sandhiyAM / DaoN. rAmasiMha tomara kA mAnanA hai ki kRti kI antima ATha sandhiyA~ mahAkavi ke putra ne likhakara jor3a dI haiM / 28 - pauma cariu kA ekamAtra vidyAdhara - kANDa yahA~ para maiM isa Azaya se punarAvalokana ke lie rakhanA cAhU~gA ki hajArIprasAdajI kI yaha dhAraNA ki - " isa kAla meM do prakAra kI racanAe~ prApta huI haiM - eka to jaina bhaNDAroM meM surakSita aura adhikAMza meM jaina prabhAvotpanna pariniSThita sAhityika apabhraMza kI racanAe~ haiM, dUsarI loka paramparA meM bahatI huyI AnevAlI, aura mUla rUpa se atyanta bhinna banI huI lokabhASA kI racanAe~". zata pratizata sahI hai kyA ? apabhraMza sAhityika pariniSThita jaina prabhAvapanna aura dUsarI tarapha lokabhASA kI racanAe~ !!! jisa grantha ke eka kANDa ko maiMne punarAvalokana ke lie rakhA hai yaha apabhraMza paramparA meM eka prasiddha rAmAyaNa grantha hai, pUrNarUpeNa jaina prabhAvotpanna / rAmacarita mAnasa-adhyAtma rAmAyaNa aura vAlmikI rAmAyaNa sameta hindI ke kucha aura rAmacarita viSayaka granthoM ko dekhane ke bAda merI dhAraNA hai ki isakA kathA - vinyAsa hamArI apanI mAnasikatA ke bilkula pratikUla hai, para kyA mAtra isIliye maiM isa grantha ko kinAre rakha duuN| isameM maiMne eka pAThaka kI dRSTi se loka kI tarapha apabhraMza ke sAhityika aura zAstrIya (kavi kI mAnyatAoM ) mAnyatAoM ko dekhane kA prayAsa bhara kiyA hai| vidyAdhara kANDa kI zurUAta meM hI mahAkavi ne 'jina janma utpatti'kA jo pahalA parva likhA hai usameM loka prakRti aura loka pravAda kA eka halkA rUpa dekhane ko mila jAtA hai| sAmAnya . bhASA meM yatnapUrvaka apanI bAta kahanevAlA kavi apane grAmINa bhASA se hIna vacanoM ke subhASita hone kI icchA rakhatA hai| khala kI vandanA karatA hai phira yaha bhI kahatA hai ki aise duSTa kI vandanA karane se lAbha kyA jise kucha bhI acchA nahIM lgtaa| kyA rAhu kA~pate hue pUrNimA ke candramA ko chor3a detA hai pisurNe kiM abbhAtthieNNa jasu ko vi Na ruccai / kiM chaNa-candu mahAgaheNa kampantu vi muccai // 1.3.14 / / tIsarI sandhi kI zuruAta dekhane para patA calatA hai kavi kI prakRtiparaka loka rAgAtmaka dRSTi jahA~ para vaha eka hI sA~sa meM eka krama se sATha-sattara se adhika per3a-paudhoM ke nAma se sajjita upavana meM parama bhaTTAraka jina ko praveza karAtA hai| yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki kathA ke sUtra ekadama se alaga haiM para loka aura prakRti ke nirIkSaNa meM kavi kahIM para skhalita nahIM huA hai| kavi kahIM para bAta kara rahA ho usakI dRSTi loka para rahatI hai| rAjA agara nagara meM praveza nahIM - kara pA rahA hai to svayaMbhU kI dRSTi meM vaha aneka loka-vidhAnoM aura kalpanAoM ko janma detA hai| cauthI sandhi kA Arambha hI isI se hotA hai ki sATha hajAra varSa kI pavitra aura jayI
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________________ 29 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 vijaya yAtrA ke bAda bharata ne AyodhyA meM praveza kiyA para unakA tIkSNa dhAravAlA nayA yuddha priya cakra kisI bhI taraha nagara ke bhItara praveza nahIM kara pA rahA thA-kisa taraha se - jiha vambhayAri-muheM kaam-stthu| jiha kiviNa-Nihe laNa pnni-vindu||4.1 // arthAt jisa taraha se brahmacArI ke mukha meM kAma zAstra kA pravacana/jisa taraha se kaMjUsa ke ghara yAcaka jana/usI taraha se bharata kA yuddha priya cakra sImA para hI ruka gyaa| yahI bharata jaba apane pratidvandvI rAjA se parAjita ho jAte haiM taba unakI sthiti kyA hotI hai avarA muha-heTTA muh-muhaaiN| NaM vara-vahu-vayaNa-saroruhAi~ uvarilliyae~ visAlae~ bhiuDi-karAlae~ heTThima dichi prjjiy| NaM Nava-jo vvaNa ittI caJcala-cittI kula vahu ijjae~ tjjiy|| 4.9 // parAjita bharata kA mukha U~ce khAnadAna kI kula vadhU kI taraha acAnaka nIce jhuka gyaa| bAhubali kI vizAla bhauhoM vAlI dRSTi se bharata kI dRSTi aisI nIcI ho gaI jaise sAsa se tAr3ita, caMcala citta navayauvanA kula-vadhU namra ho jAtI hai| kavi apane pAtroM apane caritroM kI AvAja meM bolatA hai, loka ko dekhatA hai, usakI niyati ko dekhatA hai aura pAtA hai ki saMsAra meM utpanna hara eka vyakti kI niyati niyata hai| nahIM to dina ke pUrvabhAga meM jvalanta aura jIvanta sUrya dina ke Akhira meM aMgAroM kA samUha mAtra raha jAtA hai / jisa zAsaka yA jisa svAmI ko lAkhoM vyakti aura zreSTha vyakti praNAma karate haiM vahI zAsaka yA svAmI asahAya aura asamaya mara jAtA hai| - bItA huA samaya aura dina vApasa nahIM hotA/jo nadI ke pravAha meM DUba gayA usakA cintana kauna kare, zAyada ajJAnI hI karate hoNge| artha kA anartha bhI kavi kI dRSTi meM rahA hai, vaha socatA rahA hai ki lakSmI na jAne kitanoM ko lar3avA detI hai, na jAne kitanoM ko pAhunA banA letI hai! jo koI bhI yuvaka hotA hai yaha usI kI kula putrI bana baiThatI hai Ayae~ lacchie~ bahu jujjhaaviy| pAhuNayA iva vahu volaaviy|| jo-jo ko vi juvANu tAsu-tAsu kula uttIitanA bar3A kavi loka kI pravaMcanAoM ko jyoM kA tyoM rakha detA hai yAnI jo bhI loka pravAda haiM, ve haiM itanI sArI kathAtmaka bhinnatA ke bAda bhI loka kI mAnasikatA meM kahIM parivartana nahIM hai| jaba vaha yaha kahatA hai ki kaNNA dANu kahiM (?) taNAu caiNA diNNu to tuDi hi cddaavi| ____ hoi sahAveM mailaNiya cheyakA-leM dIvaya-siha nnaavi|| arthAt kanyAdAna kisake lie-? (isameM chipA huA hai nizcita hI dUsare ke lie, kyoMki beTI barAbara bApa ke ghara meM rahane ke lie nahIM hotI) yadi kanyAe~ ucita samaya para ucita pAtra ko na dI gayI arthAt unakI zAdI na kI gayI to ve doSa lagA detI hai kyoMki bujhane ke samaya kI dIpazikhA kI taraha ve svabhAvataH malina hotI haiN|
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________________ 30 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 ___mere kahane kA Azaya sirpha itanA hai ki kavi kaha rahA hai rAma kathA, para usameM bhI use paryApta samaya milatA hai gRhastha-dharma, sAmAjika AcAra-vicAra, loka kI rur3hiyA~ sAtha hI loka kI aparimeya kalpanAe~ bhI; yAnI svapna dekhakara usakA vicAra aura vaha bhI vicitra svapna; kabhIkabhI kavi kI vicAra vallarI isa taraha prasArita hotI calatI hai ki pAThaka ko Azcarya hotA hai, sAtha hI usakA sukhada prabhAva bhI par3atA hai| udArahaNa ke lie yuddha ke dRzya meM svayaMbhUdeva kA yaha kahanA bhaJjanti khambha viha'nti maJca dukkavi-kavvA lAva va ku-saJca haya gaya suNNA saNa saMca ratti NaM pasukti-loyaNa paribhamanti stambha aura maMca isa taraha se TUTa rahe the jisa taraha se kukavi kA anagar3ha kAvya-zabda tathA hAthI aura ghor3oM ke Asana zUnya ho gaye the, ve isa taraha daur3a rahe the jaise vezyA ke netra ghUmate haiM / vezyA ke netroM kA ghUmanA aura usakI kalpanA kavi ke sAtha pAThaka ko bhI (usake yAnI) kavi ke sUkSma nirIkSaNa ko Azcarya ke sAtha hI dekhatI hai| rAvaNa dvArA eka pracaNDa zaktizAlI hAthI ko vaza meM karane para kavi kI ukti punaH kucha isI taraha kI haihatthi-vicAraNAu eyaarh| aNNau kiriyau vIsa du-vaarh|| dariseM vi kiu| Niphandu mhaa-gu| dhutteM vesa-mara Thu va bhggu|| hAthI ko vaza meM karane kI gyAraha tathA anya cAlIsa kriyAoM kA pradarzana kara, usane (rAvaNa ne) usa zaktizAlI hAthI ko parAjita kiyA ThIka usI taraha jaise koI dhUrta vezyA ke ghamaNDa ko cUra-cUra kara de| punaH eka jagaha mahAkavi kulavadhU kI garimA ko batAte haiM / isase yaha patA calatA hai ki lokAcAroM ke prati jaina granthoM meM gaharI AsthA hai| Azcarya hotA hai ki bahuta sAre sambandhoM ke prati kavi kI mAnyatA pracalita loka mAnyatAoM se haTakara nahIM hai / loka kI ghinaunI harakateM bhI ina zastrIya (jaina) granthoM meM yathAvasara A gayI haiM / udAharaNa ke lie parapuruSa rAvaNa se sAhacarya ke lie lAlAyita uparambhA kI kathA kavi ne dI hai aura rAvaNa ke mukha se asatI nArI kI nindA meM kucha zabda kahalAye haiM - rAvaNa asatI strI ko yama nagarI kI taraha bhayaMkara saMsAra kA nAza karanevAlI bijalI, viSa bhare sA~pa kA phana aura Aga kI pracaNDa jvAlA mAnatA hai, itanA hI nahIM; vaha aisI nArI ko manuSya ko bahA le jAnevAlI nadI tathA ghara ke bAgha ke rUpa meM dekhatA hai| dummahila ji bhIsaNa jama-Nayari dummahila ji asaNi jaganta-yari dummahila ji sa-visa bhuyaGga-phaDa
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 dummahila ji vai vasa-mahisa-jhaDa dummahila ji garuya vAhi NarahI~ dummahila ji vagghi majjheM gharahI~ - // ( 15.13) su-pasiddha siddhau laddha-saMsu NAvara duputte Niyaya- vaMsu vidyAdhara kANDa meM rAvaNa eka pramukha caritra bana gayA hai jisa para kavi kI acchI dRSTi hai, kintu jahA~ taka usake karma sAtha haiN| kailAza parvata ukhAr3ane para kavi kI ukti haisuprasiddha prazaMsA prApta aura apanA siddha kuTumba hI ukhAr3a DAlA hai mAno khoTe putra ne 31 itanA hI nahIM mahAbali bAli kI zakti ke Age rAvaNa kI eka nahIM calatI hai aura vaha bhI kavi kI hAsyapUrNa vyaMgyAtmaka zailI pAThaka ko camatkRta kara detI hai / kavi kahatA hai ki rAvaNa kA vimAna bAli mahARSi ke Upara se vaise hI nahIM jA pA rahA thA jaise nava vivAhitA patnI apane sayAne kAmuka pati ke pAsa nahIM jAtI vihaDai tharaharai Na Dhukkai uppari bAli-bhaDArAhI~ chuDu - chuDu pariNiyau kalattu va rai-daiyahA~ vaDDArAhA~ / ( 13.1.10) phira bhI pauma cariu kA rAvaNa-nirmita carita hai aura phira, kisI bhI kavi ke pAsa apanI nija kI dRSTi hotI hai jisake anusAra vaha sAmayika pariveza meM pAtroM kI sAMskRtika lokapIThikA taiyAra karatA hai tathA zabda ke jariye samaya ko vyakta karatA hai, loka ko vyakta karatA hai / udAharaNa ke taura para pauma cariu ke vidyAdhara kANDa meM hI kaI loka-sUktiyoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai jo samaya-siddha haiM (1) vuccai saha sakkheM kiM ke sari sisu - kari vahai / paccelliu huavahu sukkau pAyau suhu Dahai // kyA siMha choTe se gaja zizu para AkramaNa karatA hai? kyA samartha Aga sUkhe per3a ko jalAtI hai? (2) durjana ke mukha se koI bacatA nahIM; arthAt vaha kisI ko bhI kucha kaha sakatA hai- jiha dujjaNa-vayaNahu~ ko vi Na pAsu samilliyai // (3) kuputra kI unnati se kula mailA ho jAtA hai / ( 17.1.10) (4) kAmadeva zaktizAlI hai khoTe muni vaza meM nahIM kara skte| (17.4.10) (5) jisake viraha meM kAmadeva mara rahA ho usake rUpa kA varNana kauna kregaa| (18.6.8) (6) kevala palAyana se lajjita honA cAhie kyoMki usase muha~ nAma aura gotra ko kalaGka lagatA hai| (20.11.5 )
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI 9-10 kevala eka kANDa kI bIsoM sandhiyoM meM pacIsa se Upara isa taraha kI loka-sUktiyA~ haiM nizcita hI isase kavi kI loka nirIkSaNa zakti kA patA calatA hai / 32 viSAdamagna pavanaJjaya kA kAtara - viraha vilApa paravartI hindI kAvya kI pUrvavartI dRSTi ke rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| vaha per3a-paudhoM, pazu-pakSiyoM se apanI preyasI ke bAre meM pUchatA hai pavaNJjao ki paDivakkha- sau kANaNa paisarai visAya- rau pucchai 'ahA~ saravaNa diTTha dhaNa dala komala ratuppala ahA~ rAjahaMsa calaNa haMsAhivai kaha~ kahi mi diTTha jai haMsa- gai ahI~ dIharaNahara mayA hiva kaheM kahi mi NiyamviNi diTTha jai ahA~ kumbhi kumbha-sAriccha-thaNa kettaha~ vi diTTha sai suddha-maNa ahI~ - ahA~ asoya pallaviya - pANi kahi~ gaya para hueN para hUya-vANi ahI~ runda canda candANaNiya miga kahi mi diTTa miga-loyaNiya ahA~ sihi kalAva-saNNiha - cihura Na NihAliya kahi mi viraha vihura / (19.13.2 ) - - - are sarovara ! kyA tumane rakta kamala kI taraha caraNoMvAlI merI dhanyA dekhI / he haMsarAja ! tumane yadi merI haMsagAminI ko dekhA ho to batAo ! he vizAla netroMvAle mRgarAja, tumane usa nitambinI ko dekhA ho batAo ? he gajarAja, yadi tumane gajakumbha stanI zuddha manavAlI merI priyA ko dekhA ho to batAo-batAo vaha azoka kisalaya jaise hAthoMvAlI kahA~ hai ? are vakra candra ! tuma batAo vaha candramukhI kahA~ hai ? are mRga, kyA tumane merI mRganayanI ko dekhA hai ? are mayUra, tumhAre kalApa kI taraha bAloMvAlI merI priyA arthAt usa viraha-vidhurA ko tumane dekhA kyA ? dhyAtavya hai yaha viraha-varNana apabhraMza kA eka loka mahAkavi kara rahA hai jo mAnatA hai ki kavitA se loka meM sthira kIrti pAyI jA sakatI hai. AtmazlAghA nahIM karatA aura Atma mugdha bhI yaha kavi kama hai jo loka ke bar3appana kA sUcaka hai| itanA hI nahIM ve yaha bhI svIkAra karate haiM ki rAmAyaNa ke mAdhyama se maiM apane Apako batA rahA hU~- yA prakaTa kara rahA hU~ puNu appANaupAya umi rAmAyaNa kAveM (1.1.19)
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI 9-10 merI samajha se loka kavi kI yaha dhAraNA svAntaH sukhAya kI Adi dhAraNA hai aura isameM use paryApta saphalatA bhI milI hai| - jIvana-mUlyoM kA sandarbha lokAcAra se anyAnya bhAva se jur3A hotA hai aura kRtikAra tathA kRti agara loka se paricita na hoM (gahare rUpa meM) to sRjana - karma pUrNa hogA- isameM saMdeha kI mAtrA hI adhika rahegI / pauma cariu kA kavi loka kavi hai aura dRSTi - samartha bhI / 1 dRSTavya hai 1. prAkRta aura apabhraMza sAhitya, rAmasiMha tomara / 2. pauma cariu - vidyAdhara kANDa, devendrakumAra jaina / 3. apabhraMza kA jaina sAhitya aura jIvana mUlya, sAdhvI sAdhanA / 4. vizeSa sandarbhoM meM - hindI - jAti kA sAhitya, DaoN. rAmavilAsa zarmA / 33 tathA 'hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa - punarlekhana kI samasyAe~' meM DaoN. rAmakRpAla pANDeya kA lekha - hindI sAhitya kA Arambha kaba se mAnanA cAhie ? tathA hindI sAhitya udbhava aura vikAsa, DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI / hindI bhavana, zAnti niketana vizvabhAratI - pazcima baMga pina koDa 731235 -
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________________ 34 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 mahAsaraM pattavisesabhUsiyaM (vana kI vRkSAvalI kA vilAsinI sadRza saundarya ) jisa prakAra mahAn svarayukta, vizeSapAtroM se bhUSita, cUne se pute hue mahala (sudhAlaya) - nivAsI, uttama kavigaNoM se sevita, zubhalakSaNoM se alaMkRta aura sunyAyazIla rAjA zobhAyamAna hotA hai; tathA jisa prakAra mahAvANadhArI, vizeSa vANapatroM se bhUSita, zubha lakSaNoM kA nidhAna, sukapivRndoM se sevita, sabhrAtA lakSmaNa se alaMkRta sunAyaka rAma zobhAyamAna hue; usIprakAra mahAsarovara se yukta, navIna pracura patroM se bhUSita, sukha kA nidhAna, sundara vAnaroM se yukta, acche lakSmaNa vakSoM se alaMkata. vanya pazaoM se bharA haA vaha upavana zobhAyamAna ho rahA thaa| usa vana meM rAjA ne vRkSAvali dekhI, jahA~ rAjahaMsoM kA gamanAgamana ho rahA thaa| jahA~ kadalI ke atikomala vRkSa dikhAI de rahe the| jo bar3e-bar3e latAgRhoM se ramaNIka thii| jahA~ phUla phUla rahe the| jo ati nirmala thii| jahA~ bhauroM kI guMjAra ho rahI thii| jo beMtoM aura barra kI jhAr3I se atimanohara thii| jahA~ bar3e-bar3e U~ce mAhuliMga (bijaure ke vRkSa) udbhAsita ho rahe the| jahA~ sukumAra latAe~ va sundara azoka ke lAla patte, biMbAphala, dADima ke bIja, caMpaka ke phUla, vikasita kumudinI, kamala, mayUrapiccha, caMdana, kezara, tilaka va aMjana, karpUra, bahubhujaMga, siMha, kAMcanavRkSa, sundara maMDa dikhAI dete the; aura jo kokilAoM ke lalita AlApa se suzobhita ho rahI thii| isa prakAra vaha vRkSAvalI eka vilAsinI ke samAna dikhAI dI, jo rAjahaMsa ke samAna gamana karatI hai, jisakI jaMghAe~ aura piMDaliyA~ kadalI vRkSa ke samAna atikomala haiM / jo bar3e latAgRha meM ramaNa karatI hai; tathA puSpoM ke AbhUSaNa dhAraNa kiye haiN| jo atyanta gorI hai| jisakI romAvalI bhramara ke samAna kAlI aura snigdha hai| jisakI nAbhi golAkAra aura gaharI hai| jo ati manohara hai| jisake stana, mAhuliMga ke samAna pIna, pravara aura uttuGga haiN| jisakI bhujAe~ latA ke samAna ati sukumAra haiM / jisakI hathelI raktAzoka ke pattoM ke samAna sundara hai| jisake adhara biMbAphala sadRza va dAMta anAra ke dAnoM ke samAna sundara aura AnandadAyI haiN| jisakI sundara nAsikA campakapuSpa ke samAna, A~kheM phUlI huI kumudanI ke patra samAna, mukha kamala-sadRza va kezabandha mayUrapiccha ke samAna logoM ke mana ko uddIpita karanevAlA hai| jo candana aura kezara se sundaravarNa dikhAI detI hai| jo tilaka aura aMjana se AbhUSita hai| jo karpUrarasa se ota-prota hai| jisakI bahuta se premIjana sevA karate haiN| jo harivAhana hai, kaMcanavarNa hai, sumaMDita hai aura kokilA ke lalita AlApa-sadRza subhASiNI hai| aise guNoM se paripUrNa vaha vanapaMkti vA vilAsinI kisake hRdaya ko yathArthataH haraNa nahIM karatI? (yaha spaSTataH kAmalekhA nAmaka paddhaDiyA chaMda kA prayoga hai)| rAjA ke Agamana se vaha vanapaMkti apane tRNoM dvArA tana se romAMcita pratIta hotI thI, aura apane naye puSpoM aura phaloM se mAno pUjAMjali prastuta kara rahI thii| (sudaMsaNacariu, 7-8) / anu. - DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI 9-10 akTUbara akTUbara - 1997, 1998 35 apabhraMza ke mahAkavi tribhuvana : eka paricaya DaoN. saMjIva pracaMDiyA 'somendra ' - apabhraMza ke mahAkavi tribhuvana 8vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha ke kavi mAne jAte haiN| inake pitA kavivara svayaMbhU 8vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva ke eka pratiSThita kavi the / inhoMne ( svayaMbhU ne) apabhraMza meM 'rAma- kAvya' kI racanA kii| isalie kavivara 'svayaMbhU' ko apabhraMza kA bAlmIki bhI kahA jAtA hai / ata: kavivara tribhuvana ko kAvya- kauzala aura pANDitya, uttarAdhikAra meM prApta huA / inake pitA svayaMbhU tathA bAbA mArutideva donoM hI ma~je hue kavi the| ye uttara ke rahanevAle the kintu kAlAntara meM dakSiNa ke rASTrakUTa rAjya ko cale ge| 'rAmakAvya' kI jo paramparA mahAkavi svayaMbhU ne racI thI use unake sabase choTe putra mahAkavi tribhuvana ne Age bddhaayii| unhoMne phuTakara racanA kama likhii| ataH svataMtra rUpa se koI pustaka na likhakara pitA ke kAvya arthAt paumacariu (vizeSakara ) graMtha meM hI vRddhiMgatA pradAna kii| kavi svayaMbhU ne 'paumacariu' arthAta padmacarita (rAmacarita) ko 83 saMdhiyoM taka likhakara chor3a diyA thA jise Apane sAta saMdhiyA~ aura jor3akara 90 saMdhiyoM taka pahu~cA diyaa| unakA mata thA ki pitAzrI ne jo 'rAmacarita' kI racanA kI hai vaha pUrNa nahIM hai / usameM unheM kucha kamI pratIta huii| kamI yaha lagI ki 'paumacariu' kI pari samApti jainadharma ( zramaNadharma) ke anusAra nahIM huI hai| unakA yaha abhiprAya thA ki maryAdA puruSottama rAma jinadharma meM dIkSita nahIM hue haiM ataH unakA parinirvANa zeSa hai / unake karma kSetra meM kSaya kI sthiti nahIM huI hai| pUrva bhavoM kI kathA (janma'janmAntaroM kI kathA) kA kRti meM abhAva hai| itanI vRhada kamI ko sakSama va suyogya putra ne apanI
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________________ 36 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 lekhanI dvArA pUrNa kara kAvya ko samRddha kiyaa| sampUrNa kRti meM kahIM-na-kahIM kucha-na-kucha jor3A hai jisase sampUrNa kRti meM eka anupama nikhAra AyA hai| isa taraha vartamAna 'paumacariu' svayaMbhU aura tribhuvana donoM mahAna kaviyoM kI sammilita kRti hai, dena hai / sAvadhAnIpUrvaka dekhA jAe to donoM kI racanAoM meM antara parakhane lgegaa| bhAva, bhASA aura zailI tInoM meM kavivara svayaMbhU kI koI 'sAni' nahIM hai, vahIM kliSTa evaM pAMDityapUrNa bhASA-zailI kA ucchala Avega putra kI racanAsaMsAra meM parilakSita ho jAtA hai| yathA tihu vaNo jai viNa hoMtu, vaaNdnnosiri-syNmu-evss| kavvaM kula-kavitta to pacchA ko smuddhrh|| 1. harivaMza kochar3a-apabhraMza sAhitya, 1956 / 2. madhusUdana cimanalAla modI-apabhraMza pAThAvalI (gujarAtI) ahamadAbAda, 1992 vi.| 3. hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza kA yoga - nAmavarasiMha, loka bhAratI prakAzana, 1965, . ilaahaabaad| 4. apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodha-pravRttiyA~ - DaoN. devendrakumAra zAstrI, 1972, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillii| 5. apabhraMza sAhitya kI vibhinna vidhAoM kA saMkSipta adhyayana - DaoN. saMjIva pracaMDiyA 'somendra', aliigddh'| 6. apabhraMza sAhitya aura usakI prvttiyaaN-vhii| maMgalakalaza, 394, sarvodaya nagara AgarA roDa, alIgar3ha-202001
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 37 akTUbara - 1997, akTUbara - 1998 puSpadanta ke kAvya meM prayukta 'kavi samaya' - vidyAvAridhi DaoN. mahendrasAgara pracaMDiyA hindI kA pUrva aura apUrva rUpa hai apabhraMza / apabhraMza kA apanA svataMtra aura maulika sAhitya hai| mahAkavi puSpadanta apabhraMza ke pratibhA sampanna mahAkavi the| puSpadanta janmataH brAhmaNa-putra the| inake pitA aura mAtA ke nAma kramaza: paM. kezavabhaTTa tathA zrImatI mugdhA devI thaa| gotra thA kshyp| Apa kRza kAya zyAmavarNI the| Apa svabhAva se sahRdaya the| kavi kI Arambhika kAvyAbhivyakti zrRMgArarasa pradhAna thii| isI se ApakA kavi nAma sArthaka siddha huaa| kathA makaraMda ApakA dUsarA kAvya thA jisameM bhairavAnanda kI yazogAthA zabdAyita hai| kavirmanISI puSpadanta ko saphalakAvya praNetA siddha karanevAlI Apake dvArA praNIta mahApurANa' NAyakumAra cariu tathA jasahara cariu' nAmaka ullekhanIya kAvya kRtiyA~ haiN| kavi ke vyaktitva aura kRtitva tathA unake kAvyoM kA hindI anuvAda tathA adhyayanaanuzIlana aneka vidvAnoM dvArA avazya kiyA gayA hai| aneka vizvavidyAlayoM meM mahAkavi puSpadanta para vividha dRSTikoNa se gaveSaNAtmaka adhyayana bhI kiye gaye haiM parantu 'kavisamaya' jaise kAvyazAstrIya aMga para svataMtra rUpa se abhI taka kahIM kucha nahIM likhA gayA hai / isI abhAva ko dakhate hue yaha vivecya kAvya meM vyavahRta 'kavisamaya' viSayaka gaveSaNAtmaka saMkSipta adhyayana karanA hamArA mUlAbhipreta rahA hai|
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________________ 38 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 'kavisamaya' kAvya zAstrIya aMga vizeSa hai| mUlataH 'kavisamaya' eka pAribhASika zabda hai| 'kavi' aura 'samaya' ke samavAya se isa zabda kA gaThana huA hai| samaya zabda aneka artha-abhiprAya dharmA hai / Agama meM samaya zabda AtmA" mahAbhArata meM siddhAnta, artha aura AcAra artha meM", manusmRti meM vyavahAra'?, amara koza meM samaya zabda kA prayoga zapatha, AcArya siddhAnta tathA samavid artha meM 13, vAcaspatyama, koza meM samaya zabda kAla, zapatha, AcAra tathA siddhAntArtha 14, halAyudha koza meM jo ucita se calA A rahA hai, artha meM prayukta hai / 15 yahA~ 'kavi samaya' zabda kA sIdhA sambandha kAvya tathA kAvya-zAstra para AdhArita hai| isa dRSTi se isakA Adima prayoga AcArya vAmana ke dvArA kiyA gayA / " AcAryazrI ne ise kavisamaya ke rUpa meM gRhIta kiyA hai|" jisameM loka arthAt deza, kAla, svabhAva, caturvarga zAstra aura vidyA Adi varNana antarbhukta haiM / " acArya rAjazekhara kavi samaya ko ucita mAnate hue kahate haiM ki vedoM kA aneka vidhi pArAyaNa karane para deza-dezAntara kI jJAna-sampadA para AdhArita varNana vizeSa deza-kAla ke prabhAva se bhale hI Aja usameM artha utpanna huA ho, vastuta: 'kavisamaya' ke antargata A jAtA hai / " agnipurANa meM bhI isI mAnyatA ke darzana hote hai 120 - sAhityadarpaNa meM' kavisamaya' ke lie 'kavi vikhyAti' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isase tAtparya kavi samAja meM dIrgha kAla se calI A rahI paramparA evaM paripATI se hI hai| yahA~ khyAti se tAtparya hai prasiddhi 21 kavi-prasiddhi meM 'vRkSa - dohada' ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai| azoka, bakula, tilaka tathA kurabaka kI dohada vRttiyoM kA ullekha avazya kiyA gayA hai| 22' kAvya - prakAza' meM ise pratihetva doSa ke antargata svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / 23 hindI meM kAvya- zAstra ke pramukha praNetA AcArya kezavadAsa 'kavipriyA' meM 'kavi- samaya' ko' kavimata' nAma dete haiN| isameM asatya bAta kA varNana tathA eka hI vastu ke varNana meM jo niyamana kiyA jAtA hai vastutaH vahI 'kavimata 'hai / 24 mahAmahopAdhyAya gaMgAnAtha jhA ise 'poiTikala kanvezana' kahate haiN| 25 AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI kavisamaya ko 'kavi prasiddhi' ke nAma se abhihita karate haiM 126 yahA~ isakA artha AcAra yA sampradAya se liyA gayA hai| 27 DaoN. viSNu svarUpa AcArya dvivedI kI mAnyatA se prabhAvita haiM / inhoMne bhI kaviyoM ke samAna AcaraNa ko hI 'kavisamaya' svIkAra kiyA hai| 28 bAbU gulAba rAya 'kavisamaya' ko paramparAgata binA likhApar3hI kA samajhautA kahate haiM tathA ve kAvya meM inakA varNana rekhAgaNita kI pUrva svIkRtiyoM kI bhA~ti mAnate haiN| 29 DaoN. kItha dvArA kavisamaya ko 'moTipha' kA rUpa pradAna kiyA gayA hai| isI dhAraNA ko DaoN. nAmavara siMha bhI mAnyatA pradAna karate haiM / " bAbU zyAma sundara dAsa 'kavi paramparA', 'kaviprasiddhi' aura 'kavi samaya' ina tInoM ko eka-dUsare kA paryAya mAnate haiM / kavi - paramparA ko vaha kaviyoM kI paramparA, pUrA kavi samUha yA samudAya jisakA prayoga kavi-paramparA barAbara
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 39 karatI calI A rahI hai, kahate haiN| unhoMne kavi prasiddhi tathA kavisamaya kA artha kAvya meM prayukta sabhI rur3hiyoM se liyA hai jo satya na hone para bhI satya jaisI ullikhita haiM / hindI sAhitya koza meM DaoN. dhIrendra varmA AcArya rAjazekhara kI anumodanA karate haiN|" uparyaMkita saMkSipta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki 'kavi samaya' ko 'kavi khyAti', 'kaviprasiddhi', kavirur3hi Adi nAmoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| ina saba meM kavi apanI abhivyakti ko sazakta karane ke lie kavisamaya kI pravRtti aura paramparA kA pAlana karatA hai| ___ kAvya meM 'kavisamaya' ke prayoga kI eka vizada aura vyApaka paramparA rahI hai| isa sudIrgha paramparA ko hama (kavisamaya kI) nimna vargoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiN| yathA - (1) alaukika kavi smy| (2) laukika kvismy| (3) navIna udbhaavnaaeN| (4) strI-puruSa ke aMga vizeSa ke rur3hi tathA navIna upmaan| AcArya rAjazekhara ne kavisamaya kI carcA karate huye unheM tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| yathA - (1) svargya, (2) pAtAlIya, (3) bhaum| svargya kavisamaya kI sudIrgha tAlikA ko nimna rUpa meM vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai / yathA - (1) candramA meM zaza aura mRga-cihna kI ektaa| (2) kAmadeva ke dhvaja-cihnoM meM makara-matsya kI ektaa| (3) candramA kI utpatti atri netra tathA samudra donoM se hI maannaa| (4) ziva ke mastaka kA candramAvAle rUpa meM varNana krnaa| (5) kAmadeva kA mUrta aura amUrta donoM rUpoM meM varNana krnaa| (6) bAraha AdityoM kI ektaa| (7) dAmodara, zeSa, karma, lakSmI tathA sampad meM ektaa| pAtAlIya kavisamaya kA mUlAdhAra nimnAMkita haiM - (1) sarpo aura nAgoM kI ektaa| (2) daitya, dAnava tathA asura meM ektaa|
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________________ 40 AcAryo ne bhauma bheda ko nimna rUpa meM vyakta kiyA hai (1) jAti, (2) dravya, (3) guNa, (4) kriyA / pratyeka ko tIna rUpoM meM aura vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / " yathA (1) asat, (2) sat, (3) niyamana / isa prakAra kulabheda bAraha ho jAte haiN| apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 kAvya meM kavi - samaya kI upayogitA asaMdigdha hai| isase kAvyAbhivyakti meM saundarya kI sarjanA hotI hai| saundarya kA mUlAdhAra vastu-jagata haiM phira cAhe vaha prastuta ho athavA aprastuta / usameM saundarya kA honA Avazyaka hai| saundarya kI bhAvanA zAstra se jur3I nahIM hotI, vaha deza aura kAla kI sImA kA atikramaNa kara manuSya mAtra ke hRdaya ko prabhAvita karatI hai| 7 kavisamaya kA mukhya uddezya kAvya meM saundarya bhAva kI sthApanA karanA hai| kAvya meM kavisamaya kA prayoga kavi kI kalpanA zakti para AdhArita hotA hai| mAnasarovara ko na dekhanevAlA kavi bhI mAnasarovara meM haMsa kA varNana karatA hai| yaha usakI kalpanA-zakti kA hI paricAyaka hai / loka meM pracalita dhAraNAoM ko banAye rakhane ke lie bhI sambhavata: kaviyoM dvArA kavi samaya kA prayoga kiyA jAtA rahA hai / yathA -- (1) cakravAka yugala kA rAtri-viyoga, (2) cAtaka - megha- prema, (3) cAtaka dvArA svAti nakSatra kA jala pInA, (4) cakora kA candrikA - pAna, (5) cakora kA aMgAra bhakSaNa karanA Adi / vRttiparaka kavisamayoM kA prayoga vRtti vizeSa ko prayoga karane ke lie nizcita rUpa se kiyA jAtA hai, yathA haMsa apanI udAtta aura zuddha vRtti ke lie prasiddha hai / vastu vizeSa kI vyaJjanA ke lie pratIka rUpa meM kavisamayoM kA prayoga Avazyaka hotA hai / premI yugala ke lie cakravAla, cakora, cAtaka ko ananya premI ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA jAtA hai| haMsa tathA kamala AdhyAtmika pratIka mAne gaye 1 isa prakAra kAvyAbhivyakti meM bhAva, saundarya aura sahajatA utpanna karane ke lie kavisamayoM kA upayoga apanA mahattva rakhatA hai /
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________________ 41 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 mahAkavi puSpadanta vastutaH buddhimAna aura vidvAna kavi the| unake vipula kAvya meM kAvya zAstrIya nikaSa ke anusAra sabhI koTi ke kavisamayoM ko sthAna diyA gayA hai, astu 'puSpadantakAvya meM prayukta kavisamaya' viSayaka eka svataMtra adhyayana aura anuzIlana kI AvazyakatA hai tathApi yahA~ unake kAvya meM katipaya 'kavisamayoM' kI carcA karanA Avazyaka samajhatA huuN| lakSmI kI utpatti samudra-maMthana se mAnI jAtI hai tathA kamala kA vAsa bhI jala meM hI hotA hai| isa dRSTi se bhI inameM abhinna tAdAtmya sthira hotA hai| lakSmI ko kamalA bhI kahA jAtA hai / kamalA kahane ke mUla meM kamala-lakSmI kA sneha bhAva hI parilakSita hotA hai| mahAkavi puSpadanta ne lakSmI ko kamalA, padmAvatI, kamalamukhI, kamala ghara lakSmI tathA kamala ko kamalAkara Adi kahA hai / 28 / tIrthaMkara kI mAtA ko dikhanevAle solaha svapnoM meM kamala meM nivAsa karanevAlI lakSmI kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| eka anya sthala para lakSmI ko kamala hAtha meM liye huye kamala meM nivAsa karanevAlI kamalamukhI kahA gayA hai / . caturviMzati stuti karate samaya padmaprabhu ko lakSmI ke gRha meM nivAsa karanevAle padmaprabhu kahakara sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| amAtyanetra kA varNana karate samaya usako padminI lakSmI kA mAnasarovara kahA gayA hai| 42 saundarya bhAva kI adhiSThAtrI hai lkssmii| kavi samaya ke anusAra strIsaundarya kI samatA lakSmI se kI gaI hai| vivecya kavi bhI lakSmI usI ko mAnate haiM jo guNoM se nata ho| tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI mA~ marudevI solaha svapnoM meM lakSmI ko dekhatI hai| svapna-phala pUchane para rAjA lakSmI dekhane kA phala batalAte hue kahate haiM ki tumhArA putra triloka kI lakSmI kA svAmI hogA lakSmI kA eka nAma caMcalA bhI hai| isI pravRtti ke kAraNa vivecya kavi ne ise eka sthAna para kabhI sthira na rahanevAlI svecchAcAriNI kahA hai| mUrta-aura-amUrta rUpa meM kAmadeva viSayaka kavi samaya kA prayoga NAyakumAra cariu meM isa prakAra ullikhita hai ki devatAoM ke kahane para kAmadeva ne bhagavAn kI samAdhi meM vighna DAlA thaa| unhoMne krodhita hokara apane tRtIya netra kI jvAlA se kAmadeva ko bhasma kara diyaa| nAyaka-nAyikA ke saundarya varNana meM unako kramazaH kAmadeva aura rati kahakara unake mUrtarUpa kA hI citraNa kiyA jAtA hai| vivecya kavi ne bAhubali' ratisena 48 Adi tathA jayaMdhara nAgakumAra ko sAkSAt kAmadeva, manmatha, makaradhvaja Adi kahA gayA hai / hanumAna svayaM bIsaveM kAmadeva tathA rAma manuSyarUpa meM svayaM kAmadeva ke rUpa meM ullikhita haiM / rAjA vaidhavya ke putra ko makaradhvaja kahate huye kavi kahatA hai ki makaradhvaja to arUpI hai / use rUpa kaise diyA jAya / abhayaruci apanA pUrvabhava batalAte hue kahate haiM ki maiM arthAt yazodhara kumArakAla meM aMgadhArI svayaM anaMga thaa|
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI isake atirikta kAmadeva ke vANoM ko puSpamaya ", kAmadeva ke dhanuSa kI pratyaMcA bhramara tathA bhauMheM mAnI gaI haiN| 57 nIra-kSIra viveka kavisamaya ke anusAra haMsa kA varNana pAnI aura dUdha ko alaga-alaga kara denevAle ke rUpa meM varNana milatA hai 58 vivecya kavi ne haMsoM kI katAra ko sajjanoM kI calatI-phiratI katAra kahA hai 159 42 - 9-10 ulUka ko divasa meM dikhalAI nahIM detA / vaha etadartha rAtri meM bhramaNa karatA hai / isa kavisamaya kA mahAkavi puSpadanta dvArA aneka vidhi varNana huA hai|" pralaya kAla meM rAhu sUrya ko grasita kara letA hai| isI kavisamaya ke AdhAra para vivecya kavi ne siMha purAdhIza ko nAgakumAra ke dvArA bA~dha liyA varNita kiyA hai|" jisa prakAra rAhu candramA ko niSprabha kara detA hai, usI prakAra vyAla soma prabha ko zrI hIna kara ke chor3a detA hai 12 kAlIgaMdha se yukta thAla aisA pratIta hotA hai mAnoM rAhu se grasita navasUrya ho / 63 isake atirikta strI tathA puruSa ke aMga vizeSa ke lie prayukta rur3ha tathA navIna upamAnoM kA prayoga vivecya kAvya meM kavisamaya ke rUpa ko svarUpa pradAna karatA hai| kavisamayaparaka adhyayana aura anuzIlana karane se kavi ke vistRta jJAna tathA kalpanA zakti kA anumAna sahaja hI lagAyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra vivecya mahAkavi kI kAvya pratibhA kA paricAyaka yaha kathana - 'jahA~ pahu~ce na ravi, vahA~ pahu~ce kavi' pUrNata: caritArtha hotA hai / ityalam / 1. NAya kumAra cariu, puSpadanta, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, pRSTha 174 / 2. vahI pRSTha 21 3. saMkSipta jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, bhAga 3, khaNDa 4, bAbU kAmatA prasAda jaina, pRSTha 152 / 4. NAyakumAra cariu, puSpadanta, pRSTa 21 5. mahApurANa bhAga 1, puSpadanta, DaoN. devendra kumAra, bhAratIya jJAna pITha, dillI, pRSTha 4 / 6. saMkSipta jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, bhAga 3, khaNDa 4, bAbU kAmatA prasAda jaina, pRSTha 77 / 7. (a) mahApurANa, puSpadanta, saM. parazurAma vaidya, mANikacandra di. graMtha mAlA smiti| (ba) mahApurANa, sampUrNa bhAga, puSpadanta, DaoN. devendra kumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI / 8. NAyakumAra cariu, puSpadanta, DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI / 9. jasahara cariu, puSpadanta, DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI / 10. samayasAra, AcArya kuMdakuMda, prathama adhikAra, gAthA 2-3 |
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________________ 42 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 11. mahAbhArata, vedavyAsa, rAmanArAyaNadatta zAstrI, gItApresa, gorakhapura, SaSTha adhyAya / 12. manu smRti, manu, harigovindazAstrI, caukhambA sIrIja, vArANasI, dazavA~ adhyAya / 13. amarakoza, amarasiMha, jayakRSNa dAsa haridAsa gupta, caukhambA prakAzana, vArANasI, pRSTha 1011 14. vAcaspatyam koza, bhAga 6, tArAnAtha vAcaspati bhaTTAcArya, pRSTha 5229 / 15. halAyudha koza, jayazaMkara jozI, hindI sAhitya samiti vibhAga, uttarapradeza, lakhanaU, pRSTha, 693 / 16. kAvyAlaMkAra, sUtravRtti, TIkA, AcArya vizvezvara, AtmArAma eNDa saMsa, dillI, pRSTha 2811 17. vahI, pRSTha 2811 * 18. vahI, pRSTha 108-110 / 19. kAvyamImAMsA, AcArya rAjazekhara, kedAranAtha sArasvata, bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA, pRSTha 160 / 20. agnipurANa, dIpAyana vyAsa, jaukhambA sIrIja, vArANasI, pRSTha 2-3 / 21. sAhitya darpaNa, AcArya vizvanAtha, zrImadjIvananda vidyAsAgara bhaTTAcArya, pRSTha 615-16 / 22. (a) sAhitya darpaNa, pRSTha 615-18 / (ba) kAvya mImAMsA, rAjazekhara, pRSTha 196 / 23. kAvya prakAza, mammaTa, jJAnamaNDala li., zloka 264 / 24. kavi priyA, kezavadAsa, vizvanAtha prasAda siMha, hindustAnI aikeDemI, ilAhAbAda, pRSTha 108 / 25. kavi rahasya, gaMgAnAtha jhA, hindustAnI ekeDemI, pRSTha 771 26. hindI sAhitya kI bhUmikA, hajArIprasAda dvivedI, hindI graMtha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, pRSTha 2011 27. vahI, pRSTha 201-21 28. kavi samaya mImAMsA, DaoN. viSNusvarUpa, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI, pRSTha 20 / 29. kavi samaya, bAbU gulAbarAya, seTha kanhaiyAlAla poddAra abhinandana graMtha, mathurA, pRSTha 253 /
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________________ 44 30. e hisTrI oNpha saMskRta liTarecara, e. bI. kItha, oNksaphorDa yUnIvarsiTI presa, pRSTha 338 / 31. hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza kA yoga, DaoN. nAmavara siMha, loka bhAratI prakAzana, ilAhAbAda, pRSTa 283 / 32. hindI zabda sAgara, dvitIya bhAga, bAbU zyAmasundara dAsa, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI, pRSTha 862 / 33. hindI sAhitya koza, prathama bhAga, DaoN. dhIrendra varmA, jJAna maNDala limiTeDa, vArANasI, pRSTha 208-91 34. kAvyamImAMsA, rAjazekhara, kedAranAtha sArasvata, bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA, pRSTha 210-141 38. apabhraMza bhAratI 35. kAvyamImAMsA, rAjazekhara, kedAranAtha sArasvata, bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA, pRSTha 215-161 36. vahI, pRSTha 195 37. saundaryatattva nirUpaNa, DaoN. esa. TI. narasiMhacArI, vANI prakAzana, dillI / " " 'kamalA saNa kamalA kamala muhi tuhi muhu kamalu NihalaI / ' 43. - 9-10 mahApurANa, puSpadanta, bhAga 2, DaoN. devendrakumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI, saMdhi 24 pRSTha 196 / 39. 'bahuvilAsiNI yaliyaNayAvAsiNI / ' mahApurANa, bhAga 2, saMdhi 41 pRSTha 80 / 40. "kahu aggai dhAvai kamala kari kamalAlava kamalANa miysiri|" mahApurANa, bhAga 2, saMdhi 15, pRSTha 33 / 41. "naI suma sumai sammaya payAsa jaya pauma ppahupau mANi vAsu / " jasaharacariu, puSpadanta, DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI, saMdhi 1, pRSTha 21 42. "lacchI po miNimANasa sareNa " / NAyakumAra cariu, puSpadanta, DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI, saMdhi 1, pRSTha 4 | 44 'sA sirijA guNANaya guNaye jegaya guNahi cittahaya duriDa" / -
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 45 mahApurANa, puSpadanta, bhAga 1, saMdhi 19, pRSTha 4 / 44. vahI, saMdhi 2, bhAga 1, pRSTha 52 / 45. vahI, bhAga 1, saMdhi, 16, pRSTha 370 / 46. NAyakumAra cariu, puSpadanta, DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, saMdhi 3, pRSTha 501 47. "tuccha buddhi appau avagaNNami pahilau kAmae uki vnnnnmi|" mahApurANa, puSpadanta, bhAga 1, saMdhi 5, pRSTha 107 / 48. mahApurANa, bhAga 3, saMdhi 39, pRSTha 25 / 49. "tahiM pivai jayaMdhara, dhariya dharaNi, te eNa viNijjiya taruNa trNnni|" ___ "uppaNu tAhaM NaM kusumavANa, suu siriharu ahitaruvara kisaannu|" ___NAyakumAracariu, puSpadanta, saMdhi 1, pRSTha 14 50. NAyakumAra, saMdhi 5, pRSTha 72 / 51. vahI, saMdhi 5, pRSTha 72 / 52. mahApurANa, puSpadanta, khaNDa 2, saMdhi 73, pRSTha 2441 53. vahI, saMdhi 78, pRSTha 485 / 54. "Aeu jaNiu thaNddhaukehai, sAve mayaraddhau jehu| mayaraddha yaho ruuki kijjai, payaDuva dIsai uppaya dijji|" jasaharacariu, puSpadanta, DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, saMdhi 4, pRSTha 144. 55. jasaharacariu, saMdhi 1, pRSTha 26. 56. NAyakumAra cariu, saMdhi 3, pRSTha 42. 57. vahI, saMdhi 1, pRSTha 16. 58. 'mayaraMda gadha miinnaahrnnu| hasahaM vi khIra jala pihukaraNu / ' mahApurANa, puSpadanta, khaNDa 2, parazurAma vaidya, saMdhi 69, pRSTha 383. 59. "oyariya sarovari haMsapaticala dhavala NAI sappurisa kitti|" mahApurANa, puSpadanta, saMdhi 1, pRSTha 16 /
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________________ 46 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 60. "vihaDaMta vIre sahukAra kAraM pallipaMta, sattacci dhUmaM dhyaaeN| mahuDDI NabhulINa kIlA ulayaM, samuddata paggugga veyAla ruyaM // " mahApurANa, puSpadanta, khaNDa 3, saMdhi 3, pRSTha 33 / 61. "dhariu kumAra sIhaure daru NAi, NiDappe khydinnnnesru|" NAyakumAra cariu, puSpadanta, DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, saMdhi 7, pRSTha 118 / 62. NAya kumAra cariu, saMdhi 6, pRSTha 104 / 63. "pavaNa kasaNa gaMdho rakaraMvau, uppara jaMtu vaNavara vivu||" mahApurANa, puSpadanta, bhAga 1, saMdhi 2, pRSTha 23 / maMgala kalaza 394, sarvodaya nagara, AgarA roDa, alIgar3ha-202001
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 akTUbara - 1997, akTUbara - 1998 'sudaMsaNacariu' meM saundarya aura bimba - DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva prAkRtottara apabhraMza-caritakAvyoM kI sAMgopAMga vikAsa-paramparA meM 'sudaMsaNacariu' kA pAryantika mahattva hai| isake praNetA apabhraMza ke rasa siddha kavIzvara muni nayanandI (gyArahavIM zatI kI antimAvadhi) haiM / antaH sAkSya ke anusAra, 'sudaMsaNacariu' eka aisA caritakAvya hai, jisameM rasa-bahula AkhyAna parigumphita huA hai| isakI kathAvastu meM samAhita kalAbhUyiSTha kAvya-vaibhava ke tattvoM kI vareNyatA ke kAraNa hI isa kRti kI racanAgata ramaNIyatA kA apanA viziSTa mUlya hai| sAhityika yA kAvyAtmaka vaibhava ke vidhAyaka mUla tattvoM ne hRdayahArI saundarya aura manohArI bimba pramukha haiM / 'sudaMsaNacariu' ina donoM hI tattvoM kI vyAvarttaka vizeSatAoM se vimaNDita hai| cittAkarSaka saundarya ke suSThu samAyojana aura hRdayAvarjaka bimboM ke ramya-rucira viniyoga kI dRSTi se 'sudaMsaNacariu' eka ApAtaramaNIya kAvya hai| __ AcArya abhinavagupta ne saundaryAnubhUti ko 'vItavighnA pratItiH' kahA hai, jise AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne antassattA kI tadAkAra-pariNati (impaithI) ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| munizrI nayanandI dvArA prastuta seTha sudarzana kI carita-kathA kI bhI yahI vizeSatA hai ki isameM saundarya kI nirvighna pratIti hotI hai, isalie isakI kathA ko par3hate samaya isake pAtra-pAtriyoM ke sAtha pAThakoM kI antassattA kI tadAkAra-pariNati ho jAtI hai| sAmAnyataH 'sudaMsaNacariu' kI kAvyabhASA itanI prAMjala hai ki mUla ke artha yA bhAva samajha pAne meM pravAhAvarodha kI sthiti / kahIM bhI kathamapi nahIM aatii|
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________________ 48 apabhraMza bhAratI saundarya-samAyojana mahAkavi kAlidAsa kI bhA~ti munizrI nayanandI kI bhI saundaryamUlaka mAnyatA vastuniSTha saundarya ke samarthaka pAzcAtya saundaryazAstriyoM ke samAnAntara hai / pAzcAtya saundaryazAstriyoM kA mata hai ki saundarya vastu meM hotA hai, dRSTA ke mana meM nahIM / ataH jo vastu sundara hai, vaha sarvadA aura sarvatra sundara hai| saMskRta meM kahAvata bhI hai - 'sundare kiM na sundaram' kAlidAsa ne bhI AzramavAsinI zakuntalA ke sandarbha meM isa mata ko, yAnI vastuniSTha saundaryavAda ko svIkAra kiyA hai| unakA kathana hai ki jisa prakAra seMvAra se lipaTI rahane para bhI kamalinI ramaNIya pratIta hotI hai, candramA kA malina kalaMka bhI usakI zobhA bar3hAtA hai / usI prakAra tanvaMgI zakuntalA bhI kevala valkala pahane rahane para bhI adhika manojJa lagatI hai, isalie ki madhura yA sundara AkRtivAloM ke lie alaMkaraNa kI AvazyakatA hI kyA hai ? - 9-10 sarasijamanuviddhaM zaivalenApi malinamapi himAMzorlakSma lakSmIM iyamadhikamanojJA valkalenApi kimiva hi madhurANAM maNDanaM nAkRtInAm // (abhijJAnazAkuntalam, 1.19 ) ramyaM tanoti / tanvI munizrI nayanandI ne bhI sAgaradatta seTha kI putrI aura seTha sudarzana kI patnI sarvAMga sundarI manoramA ke mohaka AMgika saundarya kA jo vistRta varNana kiyA hai, usase spaSTa hai ki analaMkRta hote hue bhI usa sukumArI bAlA kA sundara rUpa vismayakArI thA / isalie, sudarzana seTha use dekhate hI vismita ho jijJAsA se bhara uThA thA somAliyaha taha bAliyaha rUu Niyacchivi suhayaru / viMbhiyamaNeNa suhadaMsaNeNa puNu Aucchiu sahayaru // -- 4.3.3 saundarya-vivecana meM, vizeSataH nakha-zikha ke saundaryodbhAvana meM kavi zrI muni nayanandI ne udAttatA (sablAimezana) kA bharapUra viniyoga kiyA / seTha RSabhadAsa kI seThAnI arhaddAsI ke saundaryAMkana meM kavi zrI ne udAttatA se kAma liyA hai| unake dvArA prastuta seThAnI ke avinindita aura alaMkRta udAtta saundarya kI manaHprasAdaka jhA~kI draSTavya hai dIharacchi rayaNAvali bhAsiya, NaM dhammaha~ NayarI AvAsiya / aipasaNNa kaMtilla suhAvaha, sasirehA iva kuvalayavallaha / lakkhaNavaMti ya sAlaMkAriya, sukaikahA iva jaNamaNahAriya / kuMkumakappUreNa pasAhiya, vanarAI va tilayaMjaNasohiya / (2.6) arthAt, bar3I-bar3I aura lambI A~khoMvAlI vaha seThAnI apanI ramaNIya dantapaMkti (radanAvalI se isa prakAra suzobhita ho rahI thI, mAno ratnatraya kI paMkti (ratnAvalI) se suzobhita dharma kaM nagarI ho / atizaya prasanna, kAntimatI aura sukha denevAlI zobhA se maNDita seThAnI candralekha I
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 49 ke samAna samasta bhUmaNDala (ku-valaya) ko priya thii| sulakSaNA aura alaMkAravatI vaha seThAnI usI prakAra jana-mana ko AkRSTa karatI thI jisa prakAra sukavi-kRta lakSaNA Adi kAvyaguNoM se yukta alaMkArabhUyiSTha kathA pAThakoM ke mana ko Avarjita karatI hai| kuMkuma (kesara) aura kapUra se prasAdhita tathA tilaka aura aMjana se alaMkRta vaha seThAnI usa vanarAji ke samAna suzobhita thI jo kuMkuma, kapUra, tilaka aura aMjana-vRkSoM se vyApta ho| kavi zrI muni nayanandI ke prastuta avataraNa meM seThAnI ke saundarya-varNana ke vyAja se zleSagarbha kAvya-saundarya kA camatkAra utpanna kiyA gayA hai / 'rayaNAvalI' zabda ke prayoga se 'radanAvalI' aura 'ratnAvalI' donoM kI arthacchAyA kI pratIti hotI hai aura phira, kuMkuma, kapUra, tilaka aura aMjana se vRkSarAji kA artha bhI dhotita hotA hai| ___ kAvyakAra munizrI nArI-saundarya ke samAnAntara puruSa-saundarya kA bhI udAtta citra A~kane meM kuzala haiM / yahA~ puruSa-saundarya kA eka manorama citra darzanIya hai, jo seTha sudarzana kI zArIrika saMracanA ke rUpa meM upanyasta kiyA gayA hai - jassa NIlaniddha kesu, Ayavattavittu siisu| divvauNNayaM visAlu, addhayaMdatulla bhaalu| suMdarAu bhUlayAu, NaM duhNddu-kaamcaau| caMcalacchidaMyu rammu, kIlaraM va mcchjummu| ku~DalehiM jutta kaNNa, soha diti kA vi annnn| caMpahullaNAsavaMsu, maccaloyamajjhi sNsu| saddha Niddha daMtapaMti, mottiyANa dinnnnbhNti| pakkAbiMbvavaNNa hocha, kiM Na hoti lcchiitttth| ANaNaM vihADa ruMda. NaM nirbbhpnnnnmiNd| kaMThamajhu su1 bhAi, tiNNireha sNkhunnaai| suppayaMDa bAhudaMDa, NaM suriMdahatthi suNdd| jittasoyavatta hattha, vajjacUraNe smtth| vacchu cakkalaM vihAi, lacchikIlahammu nnaai| majjhaesu muTThigejyu, NAi~ vjdNddmjjhu| suggahIru NAhivehu, NaM annNgsppgehu| saNNiyaMbu sohagIDhu, NAi~ kaamraaypiiddhu| do vipINa jaMghiyAu, uuvmaavivjjiyaau| gUDhagupphayA sahaMti, NAi~ kaamraaymNti| kummayAra hemachAya, dIhaaMgulilla paay| bhAsae NahANa paMkti, chaMdao smaanniyNti| (3.10) arthAt, yuvaka sudarzana ke bAla kAle aura cikane the| sira chatra ke samAna golAkAra thaa| arddhacandra ke samAna unakA bhAla divya, unnata aura vizAla thaa| bhrU-latAe~ kAmadhanu ke do khaNDa
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI jaisI thiiN| ramaNIka caMcala A~kheM krIr3A karatI machaliyA~ jaisI thiiN| kuNDala-kalita kAna kamanIya the / campA ke lambe phUla ke samAna nAsikA - vaMza martya loka meM prazaMsanIya thA / dantapaMkti meM mukkAmAlA kI bhrAnti hotI thI / usake pake bimbaphala ke samAna hoTha lakSmI ko bhI priya the| nirabhra AkAza meM uge pUrNacandra ke samAna usakA mukhakamala thaa| tIna rekhAoM se maNDita usakA kaNTha zaMkha kI taraha lagatA thA / usake pracaNDa bhujadaNDa airAvata ke zuNDAdaNDa kI taraha the / azoka patra jaise usake hAtha itane balazAlI the ki unameM vajra ko bhI cUrNa-vicUrNa karane kI zakti bhI thI / vakSaHsthala to lakSmI kA krIDAgAra jaisA lagatA thA / muSTigrAhya madhyabhAga (kaTibhAga) vajradaNDa ke samAna thaa| nAbhi kI gaharAI anaMgarUpa bhujaMga kI nivAsa-guhA ke samAna thI / kAmarAja - pITha jaise usake nitamba bar3e zobhAzAlI the| usakI donoM puSTa jaMghAe~ anupama thiiN| usake mAMsagUDha gulpha (Takhane) kAmarAja ke mantrI jaise the / kachue jaise paira lambI-lambI svarNima a~guliyoM se zobhita the / nakhapaMkti atizaya kAntiyukta thI / 50 - isa avataraNa meM saundarya kI udAttatA kA cUDAnta nidarzana to huA hI hai, kavizrI ne 'chaMdao samANiyaM ti' ke ullekha dvArA yaha nirdeza kara diyA hai ki prastuta kar3avaka 'samAnikA' nAmaka vArNika chanda meM Abaddha hai / jJAtavya hai, piMgalazAstra ke anusAra isa chanda ke pratyeka caraNa meM kramazaH ragaNa, jagaNa aura guru-laghu hote haiM 1 9-10 chanda aura alaMkAra ke marmajJa kavi zrI muni nayanandI ke 'sudaMsaNacariu' meM isa prakAra ke aneka udAtta saundarya ke citra aMkita haiM / kAvyakAra ne apane saundarya-citraNa meM AdhyAtmika vRtti, gahana AntarikatA aura indriyagrAhya prakRti ke citra ko prabhUta mUlya pradAna kiyA hai| bimba-viniyoga papphullakamalavatrttaM hasaMti, alivalayaghuliya alayai~ kahaMti / dIharajhasaNayaNahi~ maNuharaMti, sippiuDoTThauDahi dihi jaNaMti / mottiyadaMtAvali darisayaMti, paDibiMbiu sasidappaNu NiyaMti / taDavisvisAha bAhahi NaDaMti, pakkhalaNatibhaMgiu pAyaDaMti / varacakkavAya thaNahaTa NavaMti, gaMbhIraNIra bhamaNAhivaMti / pheNohatArahAruvvahaMti, ummIvisesa tivaliu sahaMti / bimba-vidhAna kI dRSTi se bhI 'sudaMsaNacariu' kI kAvyabhASA atizaya mahattvapUrNa hai / bimba-vidhAna kalAcetA kavi kI amUrta sahajAnubhUti ko indriya grAhyatA pradAna karatA hai| kAvyakAra munizrI nayanandI dvArA prastuta bimboM ke adhyayana se unakI prakRti ke sAtha yuga kI vicAradhArA kA bhI patA calatA hai| kula milAkara, bimba eka prakAra kA rUpa - vidhAna hai aura vastugata AkarSaNa hI kisI kAvyakAra ko bimba-vidhAna kI ora prerita karatA hai / rUpa-vidhAna hone ke kAraNa hI adhikAMza bimba dRzya yA cAkSuSa hote haiM / kAvyakAra nayanandI dvArA gaMgAnadI kI eka nAyikA ke rUpa meM prastuti ke krama meM nirmita rUpa-rasa- gandha-sparza - zabdamUlaka paMcendriyagrAhya bimboM meM pramukha cAkSuSa bimba kA manorama viniyoga dRSTavya hai --
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 sayadalaNIlaMcala soha diMti, jalakhalahalarasaNAdAmu liMti / maMtharagati lIlae saMcarati, vesA iva sAyaru aNusaMrati / (2.12) 51 arthAt, surasari (gaMgAnadI) khile kamala jaise mukha se ha~sa rahI thI / ghUmatI huI bha~vareM usakI alakoM jaisI thiiN| laharoM meM tairatI machaliyA~ usakI manohAriNI caMcala A~khoM ke samAna thiiN| sIpayoM ke puTa usake hoTha / muktA-paMkti usakI dantAvalI thI / candramA ke pratibimba se yukta jala meM, jaise vaha darpaNa meM apanA mu~ha nihAratI - sI pratIta hotI thI / taTavarttI vRkSoM kI kampita zAkhAoM se vaha nRtya karatI-sI mAlUma par3atI thI / balakhAtI jala kI lahariyA~ usakI trivalI jaisI zobhita thiiN| nIlakamala usake nIlAmbara ke samAna suzobhita the| jala ke taraMga usake sUtra jaise the| jisa prakAra nAyikA nAyaka kA anusaraNa karatI hai, usI prakAra gaMgA lIlApUrvaka . manthara gati se saMcaraNa karatI huI sAgara kI ora pravAhita ho rahI thI / prastuta avataraNa meM manoramagatvara cAkSuSabimba ( DAinemika oNpTikala imeja) kA vidhAna huA hai / yathAnirmita vastubimba meM dRzya ke sAdRzya para rUpavidhAna to huA hI hai, upamAna, rUpaka yA aprastuta ke dvArA bhI saMvedana yA tIvra anubhUti kI pratipatti ke mAdhyama se atizaya mohaka nArI-bimba kA hRdayAvarjanakArI nirmANa huA hai| raMga-parijJAnamUlaka prastuta indriyagamya bimba atizaya kalA - rucira hai / vastutaH kAvyakAra ne gaMgA (nadI) ke eka bimba meM aneka bimboM kA manojJa samAhAra yA mizraNa upasthita kiyA hai| 'sudaMsaNacariu' meM kAvyakAra nirmita upamAna, utprekSA aura rUpakAzrita bimboM kA bAhulya hai, jinheM hama bhAva jagat ke eka anubhUta mahArgha satya kI rUpAtmaka abhivyakti kaha sakate haiN| udAharaNasvarUpa, magadhadeza, rAjagRha, rAjA zreNika, vipulAcala, aMgadeza, campAnagarI, vanavRkSAvalI, kapila brAhmaNa, sUryAsta, rAtri, sUryodaya, kAminI kapilA, rAnI abhayA, sarovara Adi se sandarbhita bimba bhASika aura Arthika vibhutA se ApAtaramaNIya ho gaye haiM / bimba-vidhAna ke sandarbha meM munizrI nayanandI kI kAvyabhASA kI bhUmikA mahattvapUrNa hai / kAvyakAra kI bhASA sahaja hI bimba-vidhAyaka hai / kAvyakAra munizrI kI kAvya-sAdhanA mUlata: apabhraMza bhASA kI sAdhanA kA hI udAtta rUpa hai / vAk aura artha ke samAna pratipatti kI dRSTi se munizrI nayanandI kI bhASA kI apanI vilakSaNatA hai| kAvyakAra - kRta samagra bimba - vidhAna sahajAnubhUti kI udAttatA kA bhavyatama bhASika rUpAyana hai 1 kula milAkara, 'sudaMsaNacariu' ke praNetA dvArA aneka zabdAzrita aura bhAvAzrita bimboM kA viniyoga kiyA gayA hai, jinameM bhASA aura bhAva, donoM pakSoM kA sArthaka samAveza huA hai| isa kAvya meM prApya katipaya mohaka bimbodbhAvaka bhASika prayoga yahA~ samekitarUpa meM upanyasta hai mahi - mahilae Niyamuhi Nimmaviu NAi~ kavolapattu tilau / pRthivI-rUpa mahilA ne apane mu~ha para kapolapatra aura tilakra aMkita kiye (1.3);
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________________ 52 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 chaNasasivayaNu kusumasaraguNaharu - vaha pUrNacandramukhI kAmadhanu kI pratyaMcA thI (1.5); NahasiritiyAhe pahAvaMtiyAhe, ravikaNaya-kuMbhu lhasiyau susuMbhu - (sUryAsta ke samaya sUrya aisA pratIta ho rahA hai) mAnoM nabhazrI-rUpa strI ke snAna karate samaya usakA ravi-rUpa manohara kanaka-kumbha (stana) khisaka par3A ho (5.7); kosumaguMchu va gayaNAsoyaho - (sUryodaya ke samaya sUrya aisA lagatA hai) jaise vaha AkAzarUpa azoka vRkSa kA puSpaguccha ho (5.10); tarai ka vi taruNi aitarala sahari va jalaM - atizaya caMcala zapharI (machalI) jaisI taruNI (jalakrIr3A karate samaya) jala meM tairatI hai (7.18); juNNa-devakuliyA-sarisa abhayA - zobhAhIna jIrNa devakuTI jaisI rAnI abhayA (8.1) aadi| uparyukta samasta prayoga paMcendriyagrAhya bimboM meM pramukha vizeSataH cAkSuSa bimboM ke uttama nidarzana haiN| inameM kAvyakAra kI sUkSma bhAvanAoM aura ramaNIya kalpanAoM yA phira amUrtaaprastuta sahajAnubhUtiyoM ko bimba-viniyoga dvArA mUrttatA yA abhivyakti kI cArutA prApta huI hai| ye sabhI bimba sRSTA kI cintAnukUlatA se AzliSTa haiM, isalie citrAtmaka hone ke sAtha hI atizaya bhavya aura rasanIya haiN| pI. ena. sinhA kaoNlonI bhikhanA pahAr3I, paTanA 800006
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 53 akTUbara - 1997, akTUbara - 1998 karakaMDacariu meM kathAnaka-rUr3hiyA~ - DaoN. trilokInAtha 'premI' bhAratIya-vAGmaya meM saMskRta-sAhitya kathA-vidhA ke vibhinna rUpoM, pratipAdya kI vividhatAoM aura zailiyoM ke prakAroM kI dRSTi se jitanA samRddha-saMpanna hai utanA anya koI paravartI sAhitya nhiiN| parantu apabhraMza sAhitya ke racayitAoM ne isa vidhA ko bahuta sajAyA-sa~vArA tathA navyatama rUpa meM DhAlakara atulanIya aura bejor3a banA diyA, isa satya ko bhI nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| inake dvArA racita cariu tathA rAsa Adi kAvya-rUpoM meM bhI koI-na-koI kathA hI anusyUta rahatI hai| ye sabhI kathAe~ prAyaH padyabaddha milatI haiN| bhavisayattakahA, NAyakumAracariu, jasaharacariu, karakaNDacariu, gautamasvAmI rAsa, bharatezvara-bAhubali rAsa, reventagiri rAsa Adi apabhraMza kI aisI hI racanAe~ haiM / apabhraMza ke lAr3ale chanda dUhA kI taraha ina kathA-kAvyoM kI nUtana, maulika aura sarasa-saMpanna saMracanA isake sAhitya kI apanI alaga vizeSatA rahI hai| inake racayitA adhikAMzata: jaina-muni aura AcArya hI hote the| Azcarya kI bAta to yaha hai ki ina vItarAgI mahAtmAoM kI urvara-kalpanA ne isa vidhA ko laukika aura alaukika dRSTi se sarala-sarasa apane zIrSa para pahu~cA diyaa| yaha ThIka hai ki ye kahAniyA~ jaina-dharma ke pracArArtha hI likhI gaIM para, inake rUpa-saMyojana, kathA-saMghaTana, zilpa, kAvya-rUr3hiyoM aura kathAnakarUr3hiyoM ke kalAtmaka prayoga ne to jainetara sAhityakAroM aura sahadaya pAThakoM ko bhI prabhAvita kiyA hai| paravartI hindI-sAhitya inakA sadaiva RNI rhegaa| loka-jIvana aura saMskRti kI sahaja-sarasa abhivyakti jaisI ina kathAoM meM milatI hai, vaisI anyatra durlabha hai| ye jaina-kavi aura AcArya jana-jIvana ke cAritrika aura naitika-stara ko unnata karane ke AkAMkSI the| isI se apabhraMza
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________________ 54 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 sAhitya kA yaha aMga sAmAnya loka-jIvana ke gahare saMparka meM rahA hai aura, saca bAta to yaha hai ki sAmAnya jana-jIvana kI bAta ko loka-bhASA meM kahane aura khulakara abhivyakta karane kA yaha prathama avasara thaa| isa vicAra se apabhraMza ke ina jaina-kaviyoM ko kabhI bhulAyA nahIM jA sktaa| ___ 'karakaNDacariu' meM loka-jIvana aura saMskRti kA pUrA puTa dekhA jAtA hai aura lagatA hai yaha kisI vikhyAta loka-nAyaka kI kathA hai / bauddha-sAhitya ke kuMbhakAra-jAtaka meM bhI karaMDa nAmaka rAjA kI kathA milatI hai| aura phira apabhraMza kA samacA kathA-sAhitya to loka-bhAvabhUmi para hI khar3A hai| loka-kathA yA gAthAoM meM rocakatA kI sRSTi ke lie prayukta hue vividha kalA-tantu jaba puna:-punaH prayoga meM Ane se rUDha ho jAte haiM. taba unheM kathAnaka-rUDhi yA abhiprAya kahA jAtA hai| ati prAkRta evaM alaukika hone para bhI ye jIvanagata saMbhAvya yA yathArtha taH vicchinna nahIM hote aura hamAre loka-vizvAsa, AsthA tathA sAhityika-paramparA meM isa prakAra saMpRkta ho jAte haiM ki eka bAra apane mRdula prabhAva se avazya abhibhUta karate haiN|' pazcima meM inake lie 'moTipha' (Motif) zabda kA prayoga hotA hai / AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI ke zabdoM meM -'hamAre deza ke sAhitya meM kathAnaka ko gati aura ghumAva dene ke lie kucha aise abhiprAya bahuta dIrghakAla se vyahata hote Aye haiM jo bahuta thor3I dUra taka yathArtha hote haiM aura jo Age calakara kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM meM badala gaye haiN|' mUla-srota kI dRSTi se ina kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM ko do vargoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai - (1) loka-vizvAsa para AdhArita aura (2) kvi-klpit| prathama adhikatara asaMbhava pratIta honevAlI, avaijJAnika aura bhrama para AdhArita hotI haiM ; para loka-jIvana meM unakI pratiSThA kabhIna-kabhI satya ke rUpa meM rahatI avazya hai| lekina, kavi-kalipta rUr3hiyA~ kevala alaukikatA aura camatkAra utpanna karane ke lie hotI haiM / punaH inako aneka bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai, yathA-dharma-gAthAoM se saMbaddha, vIra gItoM meM prayukta, nijadharI kathAoM meM paribaddha, lokakathAoM aura laukika premAkhyAnoM meM niruupit| ina kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM kA nyUnAdhika prayoga yoM to apabhraMza kI aisI sabhI prabaMdhAtmaka kRtiyoM meM milatA hai; parantu muni kanakAmara-racita karakaNDacariu' isa dRSTi se sarvAdhika samRddha racanA hai| karakaMDa kI kathA isa prabaMdha meM dasa saMdhiyoM meM nibaddha hai| pratyeka saMdhi aneka kar3avakoM se milakara banatI hai| prathama saMdhi ke kucheka kar3avakoM ko chor3akara pratyeka saMdhi ke kar3avakoM meM koI-na-koI kathAnaka-rUr3hi guMthI huI hai aura isa prakAra mUla kathA ko gati milatI hai / nauMvIdasavIM saMdhiyoM meM nibaddha aneka avAntara kathAe~ bhI inhIM kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM ke sahAre calatI haiM aura kathA kI makhya dhArA se milatI haiN| isa prakAra isakA kathAnaka ina kathA-rUDhiyoM ke atizaya prayoga se bar3A bojhila tathA pecIdA ho gayA hai / yaha ThIka hai ki inase karakaNDa kisIna-kisI prakAra avazya prabhAvita hotA hai aura usase caritra kA avazya koI rahasya udghATita hotA hai tathA usameM nikhAra evaM unnayana hotA hai| parantu, kathAnaka kI sahajatA-sarasatA meM vyAghAta to hotA hI hai| pAThaka eka bAra avazya mUlakathA se kaTakara kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM ke hI bha~vara meM pha~sa jAtA hai aura bar3I kaThinAI se kathA ke pUrva-prasaMga se jur3akara usake agale saMbaMdha ko
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI 9-10 pakar3atA hai / isakA pUrvArddha jitanA sahaja-sarala, sarasa aura rocaka hai, uttarArddha utanA hI durUha aura a-sahaja hai| hA~, aMta meM phira dhArmika prayojana meM sahajatA kA samAhAra ho jAtA hai / 'karakaNDacariu' ke saMpUrNa kathAnaka meM prAya: pacAsa se adhika kathAnaka - huA hai; jinheM nimna prakAra vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai - 55 - rUr3hiyoM kA prayoga (1) dharma -gAthAoM se saMbaddha - ye ve kathAnaka - rUr3hiyA~ hotI haiM jinameM dhArmika, avatAroM, devI-devatAoM ke prAkaTya aura alaukika kriyA-kalApa tathA virodhI AsurI zaktiyoM para unakI vijaya kA nirUpaNa hai| yahA~ aisI aneka rUr3hiyA~ dRSTavya haiM, yathA - (1) mAtaMga dvArA sadyaH utpanna bAlaka ko hAtha meM lenA aura apane ghara lAkara pAlana-poSaNa karanA / (dUsarI saMdhi ) (2) maMtroM dvArA rAkSasa kA darpa khaMDita honA aura rAkSasa kA kinnara bananA / (dUsarI saMdhi ) (3) khecara dvArA karakaMDa ko nIti kA jJAna kraanaa| (dUsarI saMdhi) (4) khecarI vidyA se yuddha / (tIsarI saMdhi) (5) khaDgalatA se khecarI - vidyA kI zakti kSINa honA / (tIsarI saMdhi) (6) parvata kI sahasrastaMbha guphA kI bAmI para zvetavarNa hAthI kA nitya pUjana karane aanaa| (cauthI saMdhi) (7) bAmI ko khudavAkara jina-bimba ko pAnA / (cauthI saMdhi) (8) jina-siMhAsana meM jalavAhinI ko rokane ke lie eka gA~Tha kA honA aura use tudd'vaanaa| (cauthI saMdhi) (1) kisI deva kA Akara rAjA ko bhaya mukta karanA / ( cauthI saMdhi) (10) jina pratimA kA sthira honA / (pA~cavIM saMdhi) - (11) rAjA ke vilApa karane para eka vidyAdhara kA prakaTa honA aura paricaya denaa| (pA~cavIM saMdhi) (12) pUrva janma kI kathA / (chaThI saMdhi) (13) padmAvatI devI kI pUjA-arcanA aura vara paanaa| (sAtavIM saMdhi) (14) karakaMDa-dvArA dakSiNa ke rAjAoM ke mukuToM kA pairoM se rauMdA jAnA, para unake agrabhAga meM jina - pratimA ko dekhanA aura duHkhI hone para vairAgya lenA / ( AThavIM saMdhi) (2) loka - kahAniyoM meM prayukta ye kathAnaka - rUr3hiyA~ loka-jIvana ke vizvAsa aura vyavahAra para AdhRta hotI haiM isa kAraNa se bar3I rocaka evaM sarasa hotI haiM, yathA -
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________________ 56 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 (1) saguna- vicAra aura putra honA / ( pahalI saMdhi) (2) garbha dhAraNa karane para sohalA gavAnA aura rAnI ko dohalA honaa| (pahalI saMdhi) (3) unmatta hAthI ke sarovara meM utarane para rAnI kA tairakara prANa bcaanaa| (pahalI saMdhi) (4) sUkhe hue upavana meM rAnI ke pahu~cane se usakA harA-bharA honA / (pahalI saMdhi) (5) upavana ke hare-bhare hone kA samAcAra sunakara mAlI kA Agamana aura use ghara livA jAnA / (pahalI saMdhi) (6) mAlI kI patnI kA use dekhakara IrSyA se bhara uThanA / (pahalI saMdhi) (7) zmazAna meM putrotpatti / (pahalI saMdhi) (8) nara - kapAla kI A~khoM aura mukha meM se bA~sa kA viTapa niklnaa| (dUsarI saMdhi) (9) bhaviSya - sUcanA / (dUsarI saMdhi) (10) vidyAdhara ke ghara DiMDibhI bajane se rAkSasa dvArA rAjA kI kanyA ke apaharaNa kI sUcanA / (dUsarI saMdhi) (11) jalapUrNa ghar3A hAthI kI sUMDa para rakhanA aura saMbhAvya rAjA para usakA u~DelanA / (dUsarI saMdhi ) (12) zmazAna ke bIca baiThe kumAra para jala u~DelanA / (dUsarI saMdhi) (13) tatkSaNa khecara kI vidyAe~ lauTanA / (dUsarI saMdhi) (14) yuddha bhUmi meM padmAvatI kA AnA aura pitA-putra kA paricaya kraanaa| (tIsarI saMdhi) (15) karma-vaza suvega kA hAthI bnnaa| (pA~cavIM saMdhi) (16) karakaMDa kI senA para madonmatta hAthI dvArA AkramaNa honA / (pA~cavIM saMdhi) (17) rAjA kA sAmanA karane para hAthI kA adRzya honaa| (pA~cavIM saMdhi) (18) pUrva-janma ke abhizApa se viSadhara kA hAthI honaa| (pA~cavIM saMdhi) (19) sA~pa - meMr3haka kI lar3AI dekhakara kumAra dvArA mAMsa kA Tukar3A DAlA jAnA aura una donoM kA manuSya bananA / (sAtavIM saMdhi) ( 3 ) premAkhyAnoM meM prayukta- ina kathAnaka - rUr3hiyoM kA prayoga laukika premAkhyAnoM ke kalpanA - prasUta prasaMgoM meM unheM adhika saMbhAvya banAne ke lie kiyA jAtA hai, yathA - (1) gaMgA kI dhAra meM eka piTArI meM rakhI huI kanyA ko dekhakara pyAra utpanna honA / (pahalI saMdhi)
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 57 (2) rAnI ke dohale ko pratyakSa krnaa| (pahalI saMdhi) (3) barasAtI pariveza meM rAjA-rAnI kA hAthI para saira krnaa| (pahalI saMdhi) (4) hAthI kA unmatta honA aura rAjA-rAnI ko jaMgala kI ora le bhAganA / (pahalI saMdhi) (5) rAnI ke pahuMcane para ujAr3a vana kA harA-bharA honaa| (pahalI saMdhi) (6) pahalI patnI kA dUsarI ke sAtha IrSyA-bhAva honA aura use ghara se nikaalnaa| (pahalI saMdhi) (7) manuSya ke hAtha meM lalita paTa dekhakara aura usameM salakSaNa rUpa nihArakara madana-vibhora honaa| (tIsarI saMdhi) (8) khecara dvArA naMdanavana meM karakaMDa-saMbaMdhI gItoM kA gAyA jAnA aura madanAvatI kA mUchita honaa| (tIsarI saMdhi) (9) madanAvatI ke apaharaNa para rAjA kA vilApa aura tatkSaNa eka vidyAdhara kA prakaTa honaa| (pA~cavIM saMdhi) (10) karakaMDa kA siMhala-dvIpa meM ramaNa karate samaya vaTa-vRkSa ke pattoM ko vANa se chedanA aura rativegA se vivAha / (sAtavIM saMdhi) (11) samudra-mArga se lauTanA tathA vizAlakAya matsya se yuddh| (sAtavIM saMdhi) (12) yAnoM kA TakarA jAnA aura rativegA kA mUchita honaa| (sAtavIM saMdhi) (13) rAjA ke bhaTakane para samudra meM kanakalatA ke sAtha tilaka-dvIpa meM usakA vivAha honaa| (sAtavIM saMdhi) (14) ujjainI nagarI ke maMtrI kI ghor3I ko garbhiNI hote hue eka suA dvArA dekhA jaanaa| (AThavIM saMdhi) (15) eka gvAle kA AnA aura suA dvArA use nagara meM le jAkara rAjA ke hAtha becane kI prArthanA krnaa| (AThavIM saMdhi) (16) rAjA ke Ane para suA kA rAjA ko AzIrvAda denA aura Ane kA kAraNa pUchane para eka kapaTa kahAnI rcnaa| (AThavIM saMdhi) (17) suA ne parvata para Akara ghor3A-ghor3I ke sahavAsa kI bAta kahI, jisase bacher3A utpanna huaa| rAjA kA usa bacher3A ko jAkara svayaM laanaa| (AThavIM saMdhi) / (18) bacher3e para sue ke sAtha rAjA kI yaatraa| manA karane para bhI rAjA dvArA cAbuka lgaanaa| (AThavIM saMdhi)
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________________ 58 (23) apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 (19) bacher3e kA AkAza meM udd'naa| rAjA ko pyAsa lagane para samudra ke pAsa aanaa| (AThavIM saMdhi) (20) samudra kI aneka kanyAoM meM se ratnalekhA ke sAtha sue ke kahane para rAjA kA vivAha krnaa| (AThavIM saMdhi) (21) suA, ghor3A, rAjA-rAnI cAroM kA salilayAna se calanA; usakA eka dvIpAMtara se laganA, aura rAta ho jaanaa| (AThavIM saMdhi) (22) paharA dekara rAta gujAranA; parantu rAjA ke pahare meM coroM dvArA ghor3e-sahita salilayAna __ kA hara le jaanaa| (AThavIM saMdhi) sue kA lakar3I kATakara nAva banAne ko kahanA, tInoM kA usa para car3hanA, parantu baMdhana TUTa jAne para tInoM kA bichur3a jaanaa| (AThavIM saMdhi) (24) sue kA per3a para car3hanA aura rAjA-rAnI kA alaga-alaga hokara alaga-alaga dvIpoM meM phuNcnaa| (AThavIM saMdhi) (25) aMta meM tInoM kA milnaa| (AThavIM saMdhi) isa prakAra aura bhI anya aneka kathAnaka-rUr3hiyA~ isameM prayukta huI haiN| parantu, ina sabhI ko vibhAjaka rekhA khIMcakara eka hI varga ke aMtargata nahIM rakhA jA sakatA; ve paraspara eka-dUsare varga meM A hI jAtI haiM / laukika kahAniyoM kI aneka kathAnaka-rUr3hiyA~ premAkhyAnoM kI rUr3hiyoM meM A jAtI haiM aura dhArmika-rUDhiyoM ko loka-vizvAsa ke kAraNa ina donoM se pathaka rakhanA nahIM haiN| phira bhI, inameM se kucheka kA hama vistRta nirUpaNa kareMge aura dekheMge ki inake prayoga se kathAnaka ko kahA~ gati milatI hai aura kahA~ rocakatA ke sAtha saundarya kI abhivyakti huI hai| isI meM kathAkAra kI kalA-kuzalatA kA paricaya milatA hai| kathA ke prArambha meM hI campAnagarI kA dhAr3IvAhana rAjA kusumapura jAne para eka sundarI kanyA ko dekhakara rIjha jAtA hai| pUchane para jJAta hotA hai ki vaha nagara ke mAlI kI poSita kanyA hai| mAlI saMpUrNa vRttAMta kaha sunAtA hai ki vaha usakI patnI ko gaMgA kI dhAra meM eka piTArI meM rakhI huI milI, jisameM svarNamayI aMgulI kI mohara lagI thI aura likhA thA ki yaha rAjaduhitA hai tathA rAjA vasupAla kI padmAvatI nAma kI putrI hai| rAjA yaha jAnakara bar3A prasanna huA aura mAlI ko pracura dhana dekara usake sAtha vivAha kara liyA (1.7.10) laukika prema-kathAoM kI yaha pracalita kathA-rUr3hi hai| kabhI-kabhI loka-nindA ke bhaya se saMtAna ko isa prakAra piTArI meM rakhakara nadI meM bahA diyA jAtA hai athavA piTArI meM r3haka-dAbakara kisI ke dvAra para yA anya sthAna para janazanya vAtAvaraNa dekhakara chor3a diyA jAtA hai| aise zizu bahudhA bahuta sundara dekhe jAte haiM, aura bhAgyazAlI bhii| kuntI ne karNa ko loka-lajjA ke bhaya se hI nadI meM bahAyA thA aura kabIra kI mA~ ne bhI tAlAba ke kinAre chor3a diyA thaa| isa prakAra kI ghaTanAe~ loka-jIvana meM hotI rahatI haiM aura vahIM se loka-kahAniyoM kA pratipAdya bana jAtI haiM / isase kahAnI meM vizeSa rocakatA kA samAveza ho jAtA hai|
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 59 isI prakAra dUsarI saMdhi meM jaba padmAvatI zmazAna meM putra ko janma detI hai, to eka mAtaMga tatkSaNa prakaTa hokara use apane hAtha meM le letA hai| padmAvatI bahuta duHkhI hokara vilApa karatI hai| taba mAtaMga apane pUrva-janma kI kathA kahatA hai aura muni ke zApa se trANa pAne ke lie aise bAlaka ke pAlana-poSaNa kI bAta kahatA hai / aisA sunakara padmAvatI ke zoka kA nistAraNa ho jAtA hai aura vaha muni ke darzana se arjikA-vrata le letI hai aura saharSa putra ke prati apanA pyAra prakaTa karatI rahatI hai| bAlaka bhI par3hatA-likhatA aura bar3A hotA hai / isa prakAra kahAnI Age bar3hatI hai| ___ aba karakaMDa usa khecara se kSaNabhara ke lie bhI dUra nahIM hotaa| unhIM dinoM dantIpura ke rAjA kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| kintu usake koI putra na hone se rAja-siMhAsana khAlI hI rahatA hai| maMtrI ke mana meM sphuraNa hotA hai ki eka hAthI ko pUjakara use jalapUrNa ghar3A arpita kiyA jAya, jo koI rAja karane vAlA ho usake Upara ise ddhaalegaa| hAthI cAroM ora bhramaNa karatA huA nagara ke bAhara zmazAna meM pahu~cA aura karakaMDa ke sira para use DAla diyaa| sabako bar3A duHkha huaa| kintu, tatkSaNa hI khecara kI muni-zrApa se lupta sabhI vidyAe~ lauTa AyIM aura usane batalAyA ki yaha mAtaMga kA putra nahIM hai / divya deha rAjakumAra hai| vizvAsa hone para use rAja-gaddI para biThA diyaa| isa kathAnaka-rUr3hi ke prayoga se bhI kathA ko gati milatI hai aura jijJAsA hotI hai ki karakaMDa ke rAjA hone ke bAda kyA huA kyoMki yaha eka aisA saMbhAvya satya hai jo asaMbhava dIkha par3ane para bhI loka-jIvana ke vizvAsa se kaTA nahIM hai| eka dina rAjA nagara-bhramaNa karate hue brAhmaNa ke hAtha meM pacaraMge salakSaNa rUpa ko dekhakara mohita hotA hai aura vaha brAhmaNa usakA paricaya detA hai| udhara madanAvalI naMdanavana meM sakhiyoM ke sAtha khelate samaya khecara ke madhura svara se karakaMDa kI kIrti kA gIta sunakara mUcchita ho jAtI hai / vaha sakhI ko prerita kara rAjA ke pAsa bhejatI hai| rAjA Akara usake sAtha vivAha karatA hai (3.8.10) / usI samaya mAtA padmAvatI akasmAt A jAtI hai aura karakaMDa ko AzISa dekara calI jAtI hai / aneka loka-kahAniyoM meM bahuta dinoM bAda bichur3e hue svajanoM kA milanA dekhA jAtA hai aura isase prakaTa hotA hai ki aise avasaroM para loka ekabaddha ho jAtA rahA hogaa| tabhI campAdhipa kA dUta AtA hai aura unake Adhipatya ko svIkAra karane kI kahatA hai| aisA sunakara karakaMDa ko krodha A jAtA hai aura donoM meM bhayaMkara yuddha chir3a jAtA hai| tabhI yuddha-bhUmi meM padmAvatI A jAtI hai tathA karakaMDu ko batalAtI hai ki ye tere pitA haiN| sAtha hI saMpUrNa vRttAMta kahatI hai| isa prakAra yuddha ruka jAtA hai aura zatrutA aura vaimanasya kA sthAna maitrI-bhAva aura vAtsalya le letA hai| isa prakAra kathA eka kSaNa virAma pAkara phira bar3ha jAtI hai / (3.20.10) / paTa para salakSaNa citra dekhakara premodbhava honA premAkhyAnoM kI purAtana kathA-rUr3hi rahI hai| chaThI saMdhi kI madanamaMjUSA, rativibhramA, kanakamatI aura lIlAvatI ke hRdaya meM bhI isI prakAra citra dekhakara naravAhana ke prati prema sphurita hotA hai / isake pazcAt karakaMDa siMhala dvIpa kI yAtrA karatA hai jo padminI-nAyikAoM ke lie prasiddha hai| prAyaH sabhI premAkhyAnoM meM siMhala-dvIpa kI
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________________ 60 apabhraMza bhAratI -9-10 yAtrA kA varNana rahatA hai| eka vizAla vaTa-vRkSa ke nIce vizrAma karate hue karakaMDa usake pattoM ko vANoM se cheda detA hai| guptacara rAjA ko sUcita karate haiN| rAjA svayaM unheM livAne AtA hai aura nagara meM bhavya svAgata hotA hai / mahala meM Ane para rativegA usake rUpa para mugdha ho gii| rAjA usakA vivAha karake atula saMpatti dekara vidA karatA hai / jala-yAtrA karate samaya eka vizAlakAya matsya se karakaMDa kA yuddha hotA hai / vaha usako mAra bhI detA hai aura tairatA-uchalatA jala ke Upara AtA hai| tabhI eka khecarI rAjA ko le ur3atI hai| sabhI ke madhya uthala-puthala maca gaI, yAna paraspara TakarA gaye, rativegA vilApa karatI huI mUJchita ho gaI aura hoza meM Ane para padmAvatI devI kA AhvAna kiyA, pUjA-arcanA kii| devI prakaTa hotI hai aura varadAna mA~gane ko kahatI hai| rativegA apane pati kA kuzala samAcAra jAnane ko utsuka hai, vaha samudra meM DUba gayA hai| vaha tujhe nirdoSa rUpa meM avazya milegaa| tU jinavara kA smaraNa kr| musIbata ke dinoM meM parA-zakti bhI hamArI madada karatI hai, usI kA smaraNa karanA sArthaka hai| yaha bhAratIya AkhyAnoM kI cirapurAtana kathA-rUr3hi hai| anya laukika-premAkhyAnoM meM ziva-pArvatI kI kRpA aura unake sAkSAtkAra se athavA ziva-maTha meM unakI pUjA-arcanA se premikA ko premI kI prApti hotI hai| parantu, yahA~ jaina-dharma kI pradhAnatA se bhagavAn jina kI pUjA aura smaraNa para bala diyA gayA hai| para, loka meM prema kI saphalatA meM parA-zakti kI kRpA kA hI jAdU hotA hai| kanyAe~ vivAha ke pUrva vAMchita vara-prApti ke lie aura vivAhoparAnta pati kI kuzalatA ke lie ziva-pArvatI kI pUjA kiyA karatI haiN| isa dhArmika kathA-rUr3hi kA prayoga isI prayojana se prAyaH kiyA jAtA rahA hai| loka meM yaha Aja bhI pracalita hai| __yahA~ sAtavIM saMdhi ke aMta meM devI ke dharmopadeza ke sAtha kathA samApta huI-sI lagatI hai| para, aisA nahIM hotaa| aura devI AThavIM saMdhi meM viyogiyoM ke punarmilana-hetu dRSTAMta detI hai| eka rAjA ke maMtrI kI ghor3I nagara ke bAhara carane jAtI hai aura garbhiNI hotI hai eka catura suA ise dekhatA hai| tabhI eka gvAlA vahA~ AtA hai aura suA kahatA hai-vaha use nagara meM le jAkara rAjA ke hAthoM meM beca de (8.3.10) vaha rAste meM eka kuTTinI aura seTha ke vivAda meM apane pAMDitya kA paricaya detA hai aura seTha ko mukta karAtA hai (8.5.10) / phira, rAjA ke pAsa Akara prathama use AzIrvAda detA hai| rAjA ke pUchane para eka kahAnI gar3hatA hai aura pUrva meM parvata para garbhiNI huI ghor3I ke utpanna hue bacher3e kI bAta kahatA hai| usake kahane para rAjA svayaM jAkara use bacher3e ko lAtA hai| paMDita sae kI vANI meM vizvAsa hone se rAjA sae kI hara bAta kA anusaraNa karatA hai| donoM usa para savAra hote haiM / rAjA ko cAbuka lagAne kI manA karane para bhI vaha lagAtA hai| bacher3A bahuta teja daur3atA hai aura AkAza meM calA jAtA hai / rAjA ko pyAsa lagatI hai aura samudrataTa para A jAtA hai / vahA~ saikar3oM kanyAoM ko dekhakara rAjA mohita hotA hai, parantu suA ratnalekhA se vivAha kI kahatA hai (8.10.5) / rAjA pracura dhana lekara suA,ghor3e aura rAnI ke sAtha salilayAna dvArA prayANa karatA hai / rAtri hone para sabhI ne paharA dekara dina ke prakAza kI pratIkSA kii| parantu, rAjA ke pahare meM cora ghor3A aura salilayAna ko lekara cale gye| sue ne turanta lakar3I kATakara nAva banAne ko kahA tAki
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 61 ratnAkara ko tara sakeM (8.12.6) / parantu samudrI laharoM se naukA TUTa gaI aura rAjA-rAnI bichur3a gye| suA ur3akara eka per3a para calA gyaa| phira, paMDita sue ke prayAsa se rAjA-rAnI aura ghor3A sabhI mila gye| eka vidyAdhara kanyA karakaMDa ko livA lAI aura rativegA ko apanA pati mila gyaa| isa avAMtara kahAnI se devI ke bacanoM meM AsthA utpanna hotI hai| yaha. mor3a vastuta: jainadharma meM AsthA aura vizvAsa ke lie hI diyA gayA hai| lekina kathA kI rocakatA meM isase cAra cA~da avazya laga gaye haiN| yaha muni kanakAmara kI kathA-yojanA aura zilpa kA hI bhavya camatkAra hai| paNDita-pravara sue kI kathAnaka-rUr3hi kA prayoga yoM to premAkhyAnoM meM aneka rUpoM meM milatA hai| lekina, yahA~ kathA ko gati denevAle prema-saMbaMdha-ghaTaka ke rUpa meM aura kathA ke rahasyoM ko kholanevAle bhediyA ke rUpa meM hI huA hai| agara ghor3I ko garbhiNI hote hue suA na dekhatA to kathA vahIM samApta ho jAtI; parantu usa prasaMga se kathA agrasara huI aura usameM rocakatA kA bhI samAveza huA tathA isa madhya jaina-dharma ke pracArArtha bhI devI kA sAkSAtkAra aura jinavara ke smaraNa . meM AsthA bhI prakaTa ho jAtI hai| yaha zuka bhI manuSyoM kI bolI bolatA hai aura paMDita-vidvAn kI taraha rAjA ko AzISa bhI detA hai| patha-pradarzaka ke rUpa meM DhA~Dhasa bhI dilAtA hai aura musIbata ke kSaNoM meM sUjha-bUjha se bhI kAma letA hai| bhAratIya-sAhitya meM aise aneka totA-mainA, haMsakapota, mora Adi pakSiyoM kA prayoga prema-saMbaMdha-ghaTaka aura saMdeza-preSaNa ke lie dUta ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| isase yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai bhAratIya-saMskRti meM mAnava aura mAnavetara sabhI jIvoM kA paraspara saha-bhAva rahA hai| bhASA to sabakI alaga-alaga rahI hai parantu bhAvoM kI vyaMjanA meM koI bhedabhAva nahIM rahA hai| prakati sadaiva se hamArI sahacarI rahI hai, vizeSataH taba jaba hamArA mana bhArI ho jAtA hai| inhIM cahacahAte jIvoM ke sAtha hama ha~sate-khelate aura apane duHkha-darda ko bhUlate rahe haiN| jaina-muni to isI prakRti ke madhya rahate Aye haiM ata: isake marma se bhalIbhA~ti paricita rahe haiM, inhIM ke madhya unhoMne jIvana ke utsava ko khUba ha~sa-khelakara gujArA hai| isase unheM sad-prareNA hI milI hai| isakA dohana unhoMne kabhI nahIM kiyaa| tabhI to unakI ina kahAniyoM meM eka jIvanta zakti hai, abhaya-prareNA hai aura divya upadeza hai| __ isake pazcAt karakaNDa dravir3a rAjAoM para vijaya prApta karatA hai aura unake mukuToM ko pairoM se roMdatA hai; tabhI use jina-pratimA ke darzana hote haiM / isa ghaTanA se vaha bar3A vyathita hokara prAyazcita karatA hai / punaH vaha usa vana meM pahu~catA hai jahA~ madanAvalI kA haraNa huA thaa| vahIM eka khecara madanAvalI ko lAkara sauMpatA hai| khecara eka vidyAdhara thA aura apane pUrva-janma kI saMpUrNa kahAnI kahakara kSamA yAcanA karatA hai| rAjA karakaMDa campA-nagarI meM AtA hai| tabhI zIlagupta muni Ate haiM aura rAjA vairAgyapUrvaka dIkSA le letA hai| eka bAra rAjA karakaMDa terApura AtA hai aura vahA~ ke rAjA se parvata para sahasrastaMbha guphA tathA bAmI kA samAcAra pAtA hai| basa kathA bar3I tIvra gati se bar3hane lagatI hai| yaha sunakara ki eka hAthI nitya AtA hai aura sarovara se kamala lekara usa bAmI para car3hAtA hai, use bar3A Azcarya
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 huaa| rAjA vahA~ pahu~cA aura dekhA ki eka hAthI ne sUMr3a se jala car3hAkara, kamala arpita kiyA aura pradakSiNA karake calA gayA (4.6.10 ) / rAjA vahA~ phira sarovara ke pAsa gayA, sarovara ne rAjA kA abhivAdana kiyA (4.7.8 ) / hindI ke madhyayugIna sUphI- premAkhyAnoM meM bhI ( padmAvatajAyasI) nAyikA ke pahu~cane para mAnasarovara apanI prasannatA prakaTa karatA hai (mAnasarovara khaMDa ) / aura tulasI ke 'rAmacarita mAnasa' meM bhI zrIrAma ke setu-baMdhana ke samaya samudra upahAra lekara upasthita hotA hai (laMkAkANDa ) / rAjA turanta bAmI ko khudavAtA hai| vahA~ eka siMhAsana aura usameM eka gA~Tha niklii| rAjA ne use bhI tur3avAyA, phalataH eka tIvra jaladhAra nikalI, jisase rAjA bar3A duHkhI huA ki maiMne isa dharma-nilaya ko tudd'vaayaa| tabhI eka deva prakaTa hotA hai aura kahatA hai ki aba taka maiMne isakI rakSA kI aba rAjan ! tU kara / yaha kahakara vaha aMtardhAna ho jAtA hai| isa kathAnaka rUr3hi ke prayoga se kathA meM gati to AtI hI hai, kahAnI kA rUpa hI badala jAtA hai| prArambha meM jo kathA laukika kahAnI kI bhA~ti prArambha hokara bar3ha rahI thI, vaha aba dhArmika kahAnI bana jAtI hai| isa dhArmika kathA rUr3hi kA yahI prayojana hai| rocakatA kA puTa to svataH hI A gayA hai| aura isI prasaMga meM kathAkAra ko anya pAtroM ke pUrva- -janma kI kathA kahane kA avasara mila jAtA hai| tadupari mUla-kathA prema-kahAniyoM kI taraha bar3hane lagatI hai| 62 isI prakAra prathama saMdhi ke AThaveM kar3avaka meM rAnI padmAvatI rAta meM svapna dekhatI hai aura rAjA usakA zakuna vicAra karake putra utpanna hone kI bAta kahatA hai| rAjya meM saubhAgyotsava (sohalA ) manAyA jAtA hai| Aja bhI loka meM garbhAvasthA ke aMtarAla meM sohalA manAyA jAtA / parantu tabhI rAnI ko dohalA hotA hai| vaha kahatI hai ki maiM barasAtI vAtAvaraNa meM Apake sAtha hAthI para baiThakara paTTana kA bhramaNa kruuN| agara yaha icchA pUrI nahIM huI to maiM mara jaauuNgii| garbhAvasthA meM prAyaH nArI kI sabhI icchAe~ pUrI kI jAtI haiM, tAki saMtAna kuMThita na ho| isameM usake pati kA vizeSa yogadAna rahatA hai| manovaijJAnika tathA laukika dRSTi se yaha tathya bar3A vyAvahArika hai / rAjA isa kAmanA ko pUrI karatA hai| varSA kA mausama na hone para bhI meghakumAra deva kA cintana karane se jala-binduoM kI varSA hone lagatI hai (1.11.8) / eka dIptivAn hAthI para savAra hokara donoM calane lagate haiM ki hAthI madonmatta hokara bhAgane lagatA hai (1.12.10 ) / yaha dekhakara rAnI rAjA ke lie ciMtita hotI hai aura use prajA ke lie utara jAne kI kahatI hai| eka DAla se lagakara rAjA kUda jAtA hai| 'rANaeNa taM suNevi, rukkha laMggi ullalevi' / kintu, rAnI ko lekara vaha hAthI ghanaghora jaMgala meM sthita jalAzaya meM ghusa jAtA hai| rAnI tairakara kinAre Akara eka udyAna meM pahu~catI hai, jo ujAr3a par3A thaa| rAnI kA paira par3ate hI vaha harA-bharA ho jAtA hai aura phalanephUlane lagatA hai tA diTTha u uvavaNu DhaMkarUkkha mayarahiyu NIramu NAi~ mukkhu / tahiM rukkhaho tale vIsamai jAma daNavaNu phulliu phaliu tAma // 2.14 //
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________________ 63 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 yaha samAcAra milane para mAlI Akara prasanna hotA hai aura use ghara livA lAtA hai- 'taho vayaNu suNeviNu savaNarammu, saMcalliya kAmiNi tAsu hmmu|' ghara para mAlI kI patnI usake rUpasaundarya ko dekhatI raha jAtI hai| isI bIca kavi nakha-zikha-varNana kA sundara avasara pAtA hai (1.16, 1-10) / muni kanakAmara ke isa nakha-zikha-nirUpaNa ke dekhakara barabasa Azcaryacakita raha jAnA par3atA hai ki inake kavi kI rasikatA kA marma nisaMdeha bar3A rahasyamaya hai / nUtana upamAnoM kI niyojanA aura unake sahAre, gatyAtmaka saundarya kI sRSTi sacamuca ina vItarAgI mahAtmAoM kI kAvya ko anUThI dena hai / lokAnubhUtikA aisA madhura saMsparza sacamuca apabhraMza-kAla kI apanI anUThI-achUtI vizeSatA hai / hemacandrAcArya ke dohoM meM bhI yaha lAvaNya, bArIkI aura citrAtmakatA nahIM hai| . basa, padmAvatI ke isI apratihata saundarya ke kAraNa mAlI kI patnI ko IrSyA ho jAtI hai'tA kalahu kareviNu mai~ melleviNu Nicchau mANai eha; punnu'| aura doSa dekara use ghara se nikAla detI hai- 'dosu devi ylliyaaiN'| sapatnI-dAha kI yaha kathAnaka-rUr3hi premAkhyAnoM aura laukikakahAniyoM meM bahudhA prayukta hotI hai| loka meM vaise bhI yaha kahAvata prasiddha hai- 'sauta cUna kI bhI burii'| parantu jisake prati IrSyA hotI hai, usa nArI meM saMyama aura dhairya dekhA jAtA hai, jisase usakA bhaviSya ujjvala hI nikalatA hai| hindI ke sUphI-premAkhyAnoM meM isa kathA-rUr3hi kA bahuta prayoga huA hai| aneka paurANika kathAoM meM bhI isakA ullekha hai| padamAvatI isa prakAra ghara se nikalakara zmazAna meM pahu~catI hai / turaMta kavi usake nArItva kI parIkSA ke lie zmazAna ke bhayaMkara veza kA varNana karatA hai (1.17.5-9) / vahIM zmazAna meM rAnI eka patra ko janma detI hai aura tatkAla eka mAtaMga Akara putra ko apamI kroDa meM le letA hai| rAnI rudana karatI hai, paraMtu vaha apane zApa ke nistAraNa ke lie aisA karatA hai aura pUrva-janma kI kathA sunAtA hai| rAnI yaha sanakara zAMta hotI hai (2.2-4.10) / vahI mAtaMga patra kA pAlana karatA hai aura kathA Age baDhatI hai| kathAkAra aneka nItiparaka kahAniyoM ko kahakara use DhA~Dhasa ba~dhAtA hai| ___ isa prakAra kahIM kathA ke pravAha meM bAdhA hone para ye kathAnaka-rUr3hiyA~ use sahajatA-sarasatA ke sAtha gatizIla karatI haiM, kahIM kathA meM pUrNa virAma AtA haA dekhakara kathA ko natana prasaMga kI udbhAvanA ke sAtha Age bar3hAtI haiM. kahIM rocakatA kI sRSTikara kathA ko adhika ramya banA detI haiM / kahIM pUrva-janma kI kathAoM ke sahAre mUla-kathA ke prasaMgoM ko jor3akara unheM bala pradAna karatI haiN| kahIM mAnavetara jIvoM kI dhArmika-bhAvanA se manuSya ko dharma-parAyaNa hone yA banane kA mArga prazasta karatI haiN| kahIM satsaMgati ke lAbha se avagata karAkara kusaMgati se bacane kI preraNA detI hai| aura kahIM laukika-alaukika jIvana ke asAdhya rahasyoM ko kholatI haiM ; kahIM kathA-saMghaTana meM vizeSa mor3a dekara ghaTanA ko prayojana-siddhi ke lie upayukta banAtI hai| niSkarSataH kahA jA sakatA hai ina bhinna-bhinna kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM ke prayoga se muni kanakAmara ke 'karakaMDacariu' meM usake kathA-saMgaThana, vastu-nirUpaNa, maulika prasaMgodbhAvanA, zilpa evaM
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________________ 64 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 prajojana-siddhi Adi meM jo kalAtmaka-saundarya aura kAvya kA audAtya ubharakara AyA hai vaha anUThA aura anyatama hai| sabase bar3I bAta to yaha hai ki kisa kathAnaka-rUr3hi kA kahA~, kaba aura kaise prayoga honA hai, isa kalA meM vaha pUrNa pAraMgata hai, niSNAta hai| tabhI itanI adhika aura aneka prakAra kI rUr3hiyoM kA prayoga vaha saphalatA ke sAtha kara sakA hai| yaha ThIka hai ki inakI ati bhI aneka sthaloM para khaTakatI hai| parantu kathA ko bar3hAne aura dhArmika-prayojana kI saphalatA ke lie usakI yaha vivazatA bhI hai| aneka avAMtara kathAoM kA prayoga aneka pAtroM kI pUrva kI kathAoM kA niyojana-nirUpaNa bhI isIlie kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| phira, saMpUrNa kathA inhIM kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM ke sahAre nirmita hotI hai, bar3hatI hai aura samApta hotI hai / isa prakAra prastuta prabaMdha kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM ke prayoga aura unake saundarya kI dRSTi se anUThA aura atulanIya hai| isake racayitA kI kalA-paTutA evaM saundarya kI sUkSma-dRSTi kA sahaja paricaya isameM milatA hai| loka- jIvana kI gahana anubhUti kA bhavya AkarSaNa isakI sarala, sahaja aura sarasa abhivyakti meM atarnihita hai| parantu vaha bhI jaise inhIM kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM meM simaTa gayA hai| 1. hindI ke AdikAlIna rAsa aura rAsaka kAvya-rUpa - DaoN. trilokI nAtha premI', pR. 123 / 2. hindI-sAhitya kA AdikAla - AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI, pR. 80 / 3. tA sou NivArivi karahi dhammu, karakaMDu milesai galiyachammu. aituriu laeviNu pauradavvu, aNavaraNu dehi tuhu~ dANu bhavvu / paDivayaNu bhaDArI tahe bhaNai maho vayaNaho saMsau ki krhi| kaNayAmarateyasamaggalau so aNudiNu jiNavarU saMbharahi // 7.16.10 __- karakaMDacariu-saMpA. DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, pR. 102 4. varisaMtai~ jalahare maMdagaMde, NararUu kareviNu nniygiNde| - karakaNDacariu, saMpA. hIrAlAla jaina, 1.10.8, pR. 8 49-bI, Aloka nagara AgarA - 282010
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 akTUbara 1997, akTUbara - 1998 65 jaMbUsAmicariu meM anubhAva yojanA - DaoN. (ku.) ArAdhanA jaina 'svataMtra' rasAtmakatA kAvya kA prANa hai| rasAnubhUti ke mAdhyama se hI sAmAjikoM ko karttavya-akarttavya kA upadeza hRdayaMgama karAyA jA sakatA hai| isalie kAntAsammita upadeza ko kAvya kA pramukha prayojana mAnA gayA hai| mahAkavi vIra isa tathya se pUrI taraha avagata the / unhoMne apane kAvya meM zRMgAra se zAnta taka sabhI rasoM kI manohArI vyaMjanA kI hai / I rasa ko vyaMjita karane kI kalA kavi ke kAvya-kauzala kI kasauTI hai / rasasiddha kavi vahI mAnA jAtA hai jisakA rasa-sAmagrI-saMyojana arthAt vibhAva, anubhAva, vyabhicArI bhAvoM kA vinyAsa saTIka, svAbhAvika evaM manovaijJAnika ho / isake lie kavi ko vibhAvAdi kA sUkSma adhyayana Avazyaka hai aura Avazyaka hai ucita pAtra meM ucita sthAna tathA ucita samaya para inheM prayukta karane kI sUjhabUjha / ' vIra kavi meM ye sabhI guNa upalabdha hote haiM / vibhAva, anubhAva aura vyabhicArI bhAva rasa ke upAdAna haiN| kyoMki ina tInoM ke darzana hone para sahRdaya sAmAjika ko pAtroM meM jAge rati, hAsa, zoka Adi sthAyI bhAvoM kA bodha hotA hai aura usase usakA svakIya rati Adi sthAyI bhAva ubuddha hokara rasAnubhUti meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| vAstavika jIvana meM jina padArthoM ke nimitta se manuSya ke mana meM soye kAma, krodha, bhaya, zoka Adi bhAva jAga uThate haiM ve kAvya-nATya meM pradarzita hone para vibhAva kahalAte haiM aura jina
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________________ 66 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 vAcika evaM AMgika ceSTAoM se bhItara jAge ye bhAva bAhara prakaTa hote haiM unheM kAvya-nATya meM anubhAva kahate haiN| inakI anubhAva saMjJA isalie hai ki ye vibhAvoM dvArA rasAsvAda rUpa meM aMkurita kiye gaye sAmAjika ke ratyAdi sthAyI bhAva ko rasa.rUpa meM pariNata karane kA anubhavana vyApAra karate haiN| anubhAvoM kI cAra zreNiyA~ haiM - 1. cittArambhaka, jaise - hAva, bhAva Adi, 2. gAtrArambhaka, jaise - lIlA, vilAsa, vicchitti Adi, 3. vAgArambhaka, jaise - AlApa, vilApa, saMtApa Adi tathA 4. buddhyArambhaka, jaise - rIti, vRtti aadi| anubhAva mana ke rahasya ko udghATita karate haiM, jaise-kisI yuvaka aura yuvatI ke mana meM eka-dUsare ko dekhakara prema utpanna hotA hai| to pahale ve eka-dUsare ko ekaTaka dekhate haiM, phira corI-corI dekhate haiM, mur3a-mur3akara dekhate haiM, muskarAte haiM, yuvatI A~kheM jhukA letI hai, mu~ha phera letI hai, paira ke aMgUThe se dharatI kuredane lagatI hai, A~cala yA bAloM kI laToM ko sa~bhAlane lagatI hai, prema ko chipAne ke lie yuvaka ke pAsa se dUra jAne kI ceSTA karatI hai, kintu koI bahAnA banA kara ruka jAtI hai, udAharaNArtha 'abhijJAna zAkuntalaM' meM zakuntalA duSyanta ko yaha jatAne ke lie ki vaha usakI tarapha AkRSTa nahIM hai, duSyanta ke pAsa se dUra jAne kA upakrama karatI hai, kintu do-cAra kadama cala kara hI kAMTe cubhane kA bahAnA banA kara ruka jAtI hai aura mur3amur3akara duSyanta ko dekhane lagatI hai| isake bAda puna: jAne lagatI hai, kintu thor3I dUra jA kara punaH jhAr3iyoM meM dupaTTA ulajhane kA bahAnA banA kara ruka jAtI hai aura dupaTTA sulajhAne ke chala se duSyanta se A~kheM cAra karane lagatI hai| isI prakAra (premAnurakta) yuvaka aura yuvatI kisI anya ko saMbodhita kara apane mana kA abhiprAya prakaTa karate haiM, phira kucha nikaTa Ane para premAlApa karate haiM, yuvaka yuvatI ke saundarya kI prazaMsA karatA hai, isake bAda ve eka-dUsare ko prema-saMdeza bhejate haiM, prema-patra likhate haiM, kitAboM meM rakhakara bhijavAte haiM, ina ceSTAoM se dUsaroM ko unake prema kA patA cala jAtA hai| kavi ina ceSTAoM ko darzAkara hI nAyaka-nAyikAdi ke prema Adi bhAvoM ko pradarzita karatA hai| kAvya meM nibaddha hone para ye anubhAva kahalAte haiN| inhIM anubhAvoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kahA gayA hai "izka aura muzka chipAye nahIM chipate" rahIma ne bhI kahA hai khaira khUna khAMsI khuzI, baira prIti abhimaan| rahImana dAbe na dabai, jAnaMta sakala jhaan|| mukha kI AkRti hI mana ke bhAvoM ko abhivyakta kara detI hai| jaMbUsAmi cariu meM kavi ne anubhAva yojanA dvArA pAtroM ke ratyAdi bhAvoM ko anubhUtigamya banAyA hai| yahA~ inhIM anubhAvoM para bicAra kiyA jA rahA hai|
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________________ 67 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 zrRMgAra rasa ke anubhAva Upara zRMgAra rasa ke anubhAvoM kA varNana kiyA jA cukA hai, inakA prayoga kavi ne jaMbUsAmi cariu meM nAyaka-nAyikA ke rUpa-varNana aura milana ke prasaMga meM kiyA hai / baMsata Rtu ke Agamana para nAgarikoM ke yugala kI udyAna-krIr3A kA citraNa dekhie - koI mugdhA apane (praNaya) kArya ke lobhI dhUrta se praNaya kruddha hokara mu~ha phera letI hai| (taba vaha kahatA hai)tumhAre mu~kha se zatapatra (kamala) kI bhA~ti karake jhapaTatI huI bhramara-paMkti ko dekho| yaha sunate hI bhagnamAna hokara vaha dayitA turanta (premI ke) kaMTha se laga jAtI hai| koI (nAyaka) mugdhA kI prazaMsA karatA hai- tumhAre sundara netroM meM nIlotpala kI zaMkA karake bhramara jhapaTa rahe haiM, isa bahAne se netroM ko jhAMpa kara nava vadhU kA mukha cUma letA hai| koI nAyaka eka bAlA se kahatA hai- maiM apane tilaka se tujhe tilaka lagAUMgA aura apanA mastaka priyA ke mastaka para rakhakara use chala kara kapoloM para nakhacihna banAtA huA kAMtA ke adharoM ko dA~toM se kATa letA hai| kisI ne kahA - he dIrghanayanA! tUne (niSkalaMka) mukha para kastUrI kA tilaka lagAkara use candramA ke samAna (sakalaMka) kyoM kara liyA? kisI strI ke priya ne kahA - yaha to sArA (prapaMca) mahilAkRta hai| usa udyAna meM kAminiyoM ke kAma ko bar3hAte hue jaMbUkumAra kisI kAminI se kahane lage - haMsoM ne tujhase gamana kA abhyAsa kiyA, kalakaMThI ne tumase komala AlApa karanA jAnA, kamaloM ne tumase caraNoM se nAcanA sIkhA, tarupallavoM ne tumhArI hatheliyoM kA vilAsa sIkhA aura bailoM ne tumhArI bhauhoM se bAMkApana siikhaa| isa prakAra ye saba tumhAre ziSya bhAva ko prApta hue haiN| yahA~ para premonmatta nAyaka-nAyikA kI pravRttiyA~ - mukha, kapola, adharoM kA pArasparika cuMbana, AliMgana, nakhaccheda, nAyikA-prazaMsA Adi - sabhI zRMgAra rasa ke anubhAva haiM, jo unake hRdayagata anurAga ko abhivyakta karate haiN| udyAna krIr3A ke anantara jalakrIr3A ke prasaMga meM premI yugala kI suratAvasthA kA manorama citraNa huA hai| isameM nArI ke AMgika saundarya kA sUkSma citraNa, ramaNI kI kaTivastra saMbhAlane, kampanazIla nitamba ko sthira karane kI ceSTA rUpa anubhAvoM kA ramaNIya upamA aura utprekSAmaya varNana huA hai jo unake ratibhAva aura prema kI utkaTatA kA dyotaka hai| jaMbUkumAra kI honevAlI vadhuoM cAra zreSThi kanyAoM ke upamA, utprekSA se lade nakha-zikha varNana (4.13), vivAhoparAnta padmazrI Adi nava vadhuoM kI kAma ceSTAoM (8.16), vezyAvATa ke citraNa (9.12) meM ramaNIya aura mAdaka anubhAvoM kI saMyojanA huI hai, jo unake ratibhAva ko darzAne meM pUrNarUpeNa samartha haiN| ___ jaba bhavadeva ko apane gRhastha jIvana ke agraja kintu aba virakta muni bhavadatta ke darzana karane kA saubhAgya milatA hai, taba unakI preraNA se vaha muni bana unake hI saMgha meM sammilita ho jAtA hai, para apanI navavivAhitA patnI ke AkarSaNa ko aura atRpta bhogecchAoM ko vismRta nahIM kara paataa| vaha niraMtara mana meM bhAryA ke yauvana, zArIrika saundarya ke ciMtana meM magna rahatA
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI 9-10 hai / tana-mana meM sthApita likhita, utkIrNa bhAryA kA saundarya use aisA pratIta hotA hai mAno deva ne hRdaya meM rakhakara bahuta gaharI kIla Thoka dI ho| nIla kamalavata komala zyAmalAMgI, navayauvana kI lIlA se lalita evaM patalI dehayaSTivAlI vadhU ke smaraNa meM vaha apanI pIr3A ko bhUlakara kahatA hai - apanI rUpaRddhi se mana ko haranevAlI mugdhe / zoka hai ki tU mere binA kAma se pIr3ita huI hogI 68 - nIlakamaladala komalie sAmalie, navajovvaNalIlAlalie pattalie / rUvariddhimaNahAriNie mAriNie, hA maiMviraNumayaNe naDie muddhaDie // 2.15.3-4 bAraha varSa bAda apane gRhastha jIvana ke grAma meM Agamana, AhAroparAnta ekAkI prasthAna kA suavasara, suratakrIr3A ke AkarSaNa kI kalpanA, viSayasukha bhogane kI tIvra lAlasAghukta muni bhavadeva kA zIghratA se jAnA, svagata kahanA maiM apane mana ko apanI dhanyA se prasanna karUMgA, utkaMThApUrvaka pragAr3ha AliMgana karUMgA, nakhacihnoM se stanamaMDala ko maMDita karUMgA, adharabiMba dAMtoM se kaattuuNgaa|' gA~va ke bAhara jinAlaya meM sthita kSINakAya nArI se apanI pUrva patnI nAgavasU kI jAnakArI prApta karanA Adi usake kAmAtura vyakti ke viraha ko citrita karate haiM / - virahAgni saMtapta muni bhavadeva kA zIghratA se prasthAna, usake hRdaya ke udgAra, usake rati bhAva ko jagA kara vipralaMbha zrRMgAra kA bodha karAte haiN| hAsya rasa ke anubhAva vicitra vezabhUSA dhAraNa karanA, ulTe-sIdhe AbhUSaNa pahana lenA, ulTI-sIdhI bAteM karanA, asaMgata kArya karanA, vicitra mukha-mudrAeM banAnA Adi hAsya rasa ke vibhAva haiN|" ina kAryoM ko karanevAlA jaba svayaM apane Apa para ha~satA hai athavA inheM dekhakara anya pAtra ha~sate haiM taba vaha ha~sanA hAsyarasa kA anubhAva hotA hai| 12 ha~sanA chaha prakAra kA hotA hai- uttama prakRti ke loga jisa prakAra ha~sate haiM use smita aura hasita kahate haiN| madhyama prakRti ke logoM ke ha~sane kI zailI kA nAma vihasita aura upahasita hai tathA adhama prakRti ke logoM ke ha~sane kA tarIkA apahasita aura atiihasita kahalAtA hai / 13 jisa ha~sI meM gAla kucha khila jAte haiM, dRSTi meM zAlInatA rahatI hai tathA dA~ta dikhAI nahIM dete usa saMyata ha~sI ko smita hAsya kahate haiN|14 jisameM mukha aura netra khula jAte haiM, gAla aura adhika vikasita ho jAte haiM tathA dA~ta kucha dikhalAI dene lagate haiM usa ha~sI kA nAma hasita hai 15 jisa haMsI meM A~kheM aura gAla sikur3a jAte haiM, mu~ha lAla ho jAtA hai tathA mu~ha se khilakhilAhaTa nikala par3atI hai aisI ucita samaya para honevAlI madhura ha~sI vihasita kahalAtI hai / " jisameM nAka phUla jAtI hai, manuSya Ter3hI dRSTi se dekhane lagatA hai, aMga aura sira jhuka jAte haiM tathA mu~ha se kahakahe phUTa par3ate haiM usa ha~sI kA nAma upahasita hai|" jo ha~sI anucita avasara para utpanna hotI hai jisameM A~khoM se A~sU nikala par3ate haiN| kandhe aura sira hilane lagate haiM aura manuSya ThahAkA lagAne lagatA hai vaha adhama prakRti ke logoM kI ha~sI apahasita kahalAtI hai|
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 69 jisa ha~sI meM manuSya aTTAhAsa karane lagatA hai, A~khoM meM A~sU A jAte haiM, pasaliyoM ko dabA kara jora-jora se lagAtAra ha~satA hai aura jisakA svara sunane meM burA lagatA hai, adhama puruSoM ke usa hAsya ko atihasita kahate haiN| ___ jaMbUsAmi cariu meM hAsya rasa kI sAmagrI alpa hai / jaba jaMbUkumAra bhramaNArtha nikalate haiM taba unheM dekhane ke lie nAriyA~ itanI utAvalI ho jAtI haiM ki ve jaldI-jaldI meM ulTA-sIdhA zRMgAra kara letI haiM / koI strI jo bAhuoM meM kaMcukI pahana cukI thI vaha use kaMTha meM nahIM pahana paayii| koI utAvalepana ke kAraNa gale meM hAra na pahana sakI aura apane vizAla netra ko adhUrA aMjana lagA paaii| koI eka valaya ko hAtha meM pahanatI huI kezapAza ko laharAtI huI, kAMpatI huI maMDanakarma ko pUrA nahIM karatI haiM 20 nAriyoM kA yaha zRMgAra viparyaya hAsya rasa kI vyaMjanA kA hetu bana par3A hai kintu yahA~ mAtra vibhAvoM kA hI varNana hai| vIrarasa ke anubhAva kAvya/nATya ke pAtroM meM dAna, dayA, dharma aura yuddha ke lie jo utsAha dikhalAyA jAtA hai usase sAmAjika kA utsAha ubuddha hokara vIrarasa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai / kAvya/nATya meM utsAha kA pradarzana, dRr3hatA, dhairya, zaurya, garva, utsAha, parAkrama, prabhAva,AkSepa vAkya (zatru ko kAyara Adi batalAnevAle vacana) tyAga Adi anubhAvoM ke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai|22 gaganagati vidyAdhara apane pravAsakAla ke bIca meM rAjagRhI ke rAjA kI sabhA meM apane zatru ratnazekhara vidyAdhara ke zaurya, zakti aura AtaMka tathA parimita sAdhanavAle apane bahanoI rAjA mRgAMka para AyI Apatti ko batalAtA hai tathA akele hI kSatriya dharma kA pAlana karate hue raNa meM marane kI bAta kahatA hai, taba rAjA unheM rokakara sAntvanA detA hai aura jaMbUkumAra kI vIratA ko darzAtA hai| ___ yaha saba bolane se kyA? yaha akelA hI bAlakaM samartha yama ke lie bhI yama hone meM samartha hai| sUrya ke lie bhI (sUrya ke teja ko apane teja se parAbhUta karanevAlA) sUrya hai aura AkAza meM krUra rAhU ke lie bhI krUra hai / yaha svargastha zakra kA bhI zakra aura pakSirAja (garur3a) ke lie bhI (sudarzana)cakra ke samAna hai| yaha zeSa (nAga) ke sira para hAtha se tAr3ana karanevAlA tathA usake phaNAmaMDala se maNi ko chur3A lenevAlA hai| isake pratApa se dagdha hokara agni bhI zItala hokara bhasmarAzi mAtra raha jAtA hai, isa bAlaka ke khaDga grahaNa karane para zatru apanA samaya pUrA hone se pahale hI mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai| yahA~ jaMbUkumAra kI vIratA ko saMketita karanevAle ye vAkya anubhAva haiM jo usake parAkrama, zaurya kI anubhUti karAte haiN| ratlazekhara vidyAdhara jaba mAyA yuddha meM rAjA mRgAMka ko parAjita kara baMdI banA letA hai taba gaganagati vidyAdhara jaMbUkumAra se kahatA hai - tuma hI usakA (mRgAMka kA) uddhAra karo! he bAMdhava!
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________________ 70 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 tuma jaisA samajho vaisA karo (kyoMki) siMha tabhI taka dahAr3ate haiM, jaba taka ki zarabha ko nahIM dekhte| patnI ke sAmane bahAdurI kA bakhAna karanevAle loga adhika haiM para subhaTa ke kArya ko sampanna karanevAle nizcaya hI virala haiN| dUsare ke kArya-bhAra ko nija kaMdhoM para dhAraNa karanevAle to isa jagata meM do-tIna yA Apa akele hI haiM / 24 gaganagati kA ukta kathana yuddha ke lie udyata vIra jaMbUkumAra ke utsAhavardhana ke lie pUrNarUpeNa sakSama hai| gaganagati ke ukta kathana ko sunakara jaMbUkumAra roSapUrvaka hAtha meM talavAra uThAkara use yaha kahate hue dhairya baMdhAtA hai- kAla ke grAsa (mukha) meM Ane para kauna jA sakatA hai? devatAoM ke hAthI (airAvata) ke dA~toM se kauna jhUla sakatA hai? yama ke tulAdaMDa meM apane ko kauna taula sakatA hai? AkramaNa kiye hue siMha ke sAtha kauna krIr3A kara sakatA hai? viSaphala ko apane mu~ha meM kauna cabA sakatA hai? hari ke nAbhikamala ko kauna tor3a sakatA hai? (aura) mRgAMka ko baMdIgRha meM rakhakara mujhase yuddha karake nimeSamAtra bhI kauna jI sakatA hai ? jaMbUkumAra ke jozIle vacanoM kI garjanA aura parAkrama kA prabhAva aise sazakta anubhAva haiM jo eka ora to gaganagati kI chinna-bhinna senA ko ekatra karate haiM, usake niSprANa utsAha ko udIpta aura punarUjjIvita karate haiM tathA dUsarI ora apane vipakSI ratnazekhara ko punaH yuddhasthala meM vApisa lauTAte haiN| ___ isa prakAra yahA~ dRr3hatA, dhairya, zaurya, garva, parAkrama, prabhAva, nirbhayatA Adi anubhAva sAmAjika ke utsAha sthAyI bhAva ko ubuddha kara unheM vIrarasa ke sAgara meM nimagna kara dete haiN| raudrarasa ke anubhAva ___ kAvya/nATyagata pAtroM ko krodha se prajvalita dekhakara sAmAjika kA krodha udvelita ho jAtA hai, taba use raudrarasa kI anubhUti hotI hai| pAtroM kA krodha netroM ke lAla hone, bhrakuTI car3hAne, dA~toM ko pIsane, hoThoM ko cabAne, gAloM ko phar3akAne, muTThiyA~ bA~dhane, AkSepa vacana kahane tathA krodha ke kAraNabhUta vyakti ko mArane-pITane, prahAra karane Adi se dikhAI detA hai| ata: ye raudra rasa ke anubhAva haiN| ratnazekhara kI krodhotapta dazA kI saphala abhivyaMjanA ke lie kavi ne ina anubhAvoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| jaMbUkumAra ratnazekhara kI sabhA meM dUta banakara jAte haiM aura usase pahale nyAyocita hita kI bAta kahate haiM phira darpapUrNa vcn| use sunakara ratnazekhara kI mana:sthiti roSapUrNa ho jAtI hai- 'jaMbUkumAra ke vacana sunate hI khecara adhikAdhika roSa se kA~pane lagA, (krodha ke Avega se) usakA kaMTha stabdha ho gayA, zirA-jAla pradIpta ho uThA, vizAla kapola prasveda se sikta ho gye| oThoM ko kATate hue guMjA ke samAna ujjvala (camakIle) dA~ta tathA phar3akate hue nAsApuTa se bhayAnaka dikhane lgaa| 27 yahA~ para zarIra kA kA~panA, kaMTha kA stabdha honA, zirAjAla kA pradIpta honA, dA~toM se adhara kATanA, Arakta netra Adi se aise saTIka anubhAva haiM jo ratnazekhara ke krodha kI barbaratA pradarzita karate haiM / ye sAmAjika ke krodha-bhAva ko ubuddha kara raudra rasa kI hRdayasparzI anubhUti karAte haiN|
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 bhayAnaka rasa ke anubhAva bhayAnaka rasa vIra aura raudra rasoM kA poSaka hai| zatruoM, kAyaroM kA idhara-udhara bikhara jAnA, palAyana karanA Adi isa rasa ke anubhAva haiM / 71 kAvya meM yuddhavarNana ke prasaMga meM ina anubhAvoM kA saTIka prayoga yuddha-sthala kI bhayAnakatA ko darzAtA hai- 'raNasthala meM koI bhaTa apane zarIra ko pasAre par3A thA, jisake avayava mudgara ke prahAra se Ahata hone para bhI vikRta nahIM hue the| usake sudRr3ha lakuTiyukta hAtha ko dekhakara kAka-samUha pAsa meM nahIM AtA thA / koI bhaTa A~khoM ko bhayAnakatA se phAr3e hue par3A thaa| use jIvita samajhakara siyAra bhayabhIta ho rahA thaa|' 28 kAka kA samIpa na AnA, siyAra kA bhayabhIta honA Adi anubhAva yuddhakSetra kI bhayAnakatA ko batalAkara bhayAnaka rasa kI anubhUti karAte haiM / yuddhakSetra meM zoNita nadI, chatra kA tairanA, zRgAla, cIla, giddha, kauoM kA maMDarAnA, mAMsapiNDoM para makkhiyoM kA bhinabhinAnA, hAr3oM va dhar3oM se yukta vistRta bhUmi" Adi kA varNana bhI mana meM bhayAnakatA, vitRSNA aura glAni ko jAgRta karane meM sakSama hai| vIbhatsa rasa ke anubhAva apriya, apavitra aura aniSTa vastu ko dekhane-sunane se mana meM jugupsA yA aruci -sI hotI hai / ataH ye vIbhatsa rasa ke vibhAva haiM tathA pAtroM ko A~kheM baMda karane, nAka-bhauM sikor3ane, thUkane Adi se usakA bodha hotA hai ataH ye anubhAva haiM 130 kAvya meM saMsAra, zarIra, bhogoM se aruci jagAnevAle vIbhatsa rasa kA prayoga huA hai jo vairAgyotpAdaka hai para usameM anubhAva avyakta hai / vivAhoparAnta rAtri meM jaMbUkumAra vidyuccara kI kathA ke pratyuttara meM vairAgya kathA sunAtA hai| banArasa nagarI kA rAjA yuddhArtha jAtA hai| usake abhAva meM virahAgni ko zAnta karane ke lie rAnI vibhramA apanI dAsI se saundaryazAlI yuvaka caMga (sunAra - putra) ko bulavAtI hai| saMyoga se usI samaya vijayI hokara rAjA vApisa A jAtA hai taba rAnI caMga ko bAhara nikAlane ke sAre mArga avaruddha jAnakara bhayabhIta ho use atyanta durgandhayukta purISakUpa (viSTAkUpa) meM DAla detI hai / 31 yahA~ durgandhayukta viSTA vibhAva hai, A~kha- nAka banda karanA avyakta anubhAva hai / yaha jugupsA sthAyI bhAva jagAkara vIbhatsa rasa kI anubhUti karAtA hai / bhISaNa yuddha ke pariNAmasvarUpa vahA~ kA paridRzya ( 6.8.6-8, 6.9.8-9 ) bhI glAni utpanna karatA hai para vahA~ bhI anubhAva vyakta nahIM hue 1 karuNa rasa ke anubhAva priyajana, priyavastu kA viyoga hone para chAtI pITanA, rudana karanA Adi karuNarasa ke anubhAva haiN| vIra kavi ne ina anubhAvoM ke prayoga dvArA prasaMga ko atyanta marmasparzI banAyA hai / bhavadatta evaM
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________________ 9-10 apabhraMza bhAratI bhavadeva ke pitA apanI vyAdhi se vyAkula ho, jIne ke AzA chUTa jAne se svayaM citA raca kara meM praviSTa hokara maraNa ko prApta hote haiN| yaha dekha unakI mAtA bhI usI citAgni meM praveza kara apanI deha tyAga kara detI hai| donoM kA maraNa dekhakara ve bAlaka hA kaSTa hue jora-jora se chAtI pITa-pITa kara rote haiM / 2 hA kaSTa ! kahate 72 mAtA-pitA ke ekasAtha viyoga se duHkhI hokara bAlakoM kA bAra- bAra chAtI pITanA, karuNAjanaka rudana karanA, karuNa rasa ke sazakta anubhAva haiN| ye zoka sthAyI bhAva ko jagAkara sahradaya ko marmasparzI karuNa rasa ke sAgara meM nimagna kara dete haiM / - zAnta rasa kA anubhAva jaMbUsAmi cariu kA aMgIrasa zAnta rasa hai / bharata muni ne zAnta rasa kA lakSaNa ise prakAra batalAyA hai - atha zAnto nAma zama sthAyibhAvAtmako mokSapravartakaH / arthAt AsvAdya avasthA ko prApta zama sthAyI bhAva zAnta rasa kahalAtA hai| isako aura spaSTa karate hue ve kahate haiM yatra na duHkhaM na sukhaM dveSo samaH sarveSu bhUteSu sa zAntaH - - nApi matsaraH / prathito rasaH // - sahRdaya sAmAjika ke mana meM ubuddha ' zama' sthAyI bhAva kA prakAzana nimnalikhita anubhAvoM ke dvArA hotA hai viSayoM meM aruci, zatru mitra, sukha-duHkha Adi meM samabhAva, sAMsArika vyApAroM se nivRtti, deva - zAstra - guru meM bhakti, dharma zravaNa, svAdhyAya, anityatva Adi meM pravRtti 33 (nATya zAstra, SaSTha adhyAya) AdyopAMta zAnta rasa se ota-prota hai jaMbUsAmi cariu / mahAkavi vIra ne vibhinna anubhAvoM ke prayoga dvArA zAnta rasa kI hRdayasparzI vyaMjanA kI hai| mAtA-pitA ke maraNa-viyoga se saMtaptahRdaya bhavadatta sudharma muni se dharma zravaNa karatA hai " 'yaha sampUrNa jagata indriyoM ke samAna caMcala hai, mithyAtva aura moharUpI aMdhakAra se aMdhA hai / jIvana ke asi, masi Adi vyApAra, AhArAdi saMjJAoM meM lipta, kAmAtura tathA sukha kI tRSNA se yukta hai| yaha sAMsArika kAryoM meM dina aura rAta sokara vyatIta kara detA hai| maraNabhaya se bacane kA asaphala prayAsa karatA hai| mokSa sukha kI kAmanA karatA hai, para pAtA nhiiN| yaha manuSya rUpI pazu bhaya aura kAma ke vazIbhUta ho, saMtapta huA tana ko jalAtA hai| 34 'parigraha ko ekatra karane meM kaSTa hotA hai aura atyanta duHkha se chor3A jAtA hai / duHkha kA vinAza karanevAlI niHsaMga vRtti ise bhArI evaM duSkara lagatI hai| mana ko saMtoSa nahI hotA / yaha loka viparIta viveka se jItA hai| yadi deha ke bhItara dekhatA bhI hai to bhI abhilASAyukta mana
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 73 bAhara hI raha jAtA hai| hAtha meM DaMDA lekara kaue ur3Ane jaise vyartha kAmoM meM apanA jIvana naSTa kara detA hai|'35 yahA~ saMsAra kI asAratArUpa guru kA dharmopadeza anubhAva hai / isa anubhAva se bhavadatta kA zama sthAyI bhAva ubuddha ho jAtA hai asAra saMsAra meM aba taka bitAye gaye apane jIvana/samaya para pazcAtApa hotA hai / vaha viSaya-kaSAyoM kA tyAga kara guru se dIkSA grahaNa kara parama digambara muni bana jAtA hai| yahI sahRdaya ke zama sthAyI bhAva ko jagAkara zAnta rasa kI anubhUti karAtA hai| tana se yogI para mana se bhogI muni bhavadeva jaba apane gRhasthAvasthA ke nagara meM jAte haiM to avasara pAkara ghara kI ora prasthAna karate haiM / vahA~ eka navanirmita caityAlaya dekhakara jina pratimA kI vaMdanA kara vahIM sthita tapasvinI strI se apanI patnI nAgavasa va ghara ke bAre meM pachate haiM. vaha tapasvinI strI vrata se vicalita apane pati muni bhavadeva ko pahacAnakara unakI pApamati/durbhAvanA dUra karane hetu tathA apane dharma meM sthira karane ke lie apanA paricaya diye binA hI gaMbhIratApUrvaka savinaya tattvajJAna preraka pratyuttara detI hai jo isa prakAra hai - 'he tribhuvana-tilaka zramaNa! Apa dhanya haiM jo sukha ke dhAma aise jina darzana ko prApta kiyA hai| isa yuvAsthA meM indriyoM kA damana kiyA hai| yadi parigalita/vRddhAvasthA meM viSayAbhilASAeM zAnta ho jAtI haiM (to koI Azcarya nahIM) aisA Apake atirikta aura kauna dikhAI detA hai? '36, ratna dekara kAMca kauna letA hai? pItala ke lie svarNa kauna becatA hai? svarga tathA apavarga/mokSa-sukha ko chor3akara raurava naraka meM kauna praveza karatA hai? kauna RSi apane svAdhyAya (ciMtana)kI hAni karatA hai?'37 * Age phira kahA - 'Apa jisa nAgavasU kI pUcha rahe haiM usake lAvaNya/saundaryasvarUpa ko suniye, usakA sira nAriyala ke samAna mur3A huA hai| mukha lArayukta ho gayA hai, vANI gharagharAtI hai, netra jala ke bulabule ke samAna ho gaye haiM, tAlu ne apanA sthAna chor3a diyA hai, cibuka, lalATa, kapola, tvacA Adi vAyu se Ahata ho raNa-raNa zabda karate haiM / (arthAt sArA zarIra jhurrAyukta zithila hokara kA~patA rahatA hai) yaha zarIrarUpI ghara mAMsa aura rakta se rahita hokara haDDiyoM kA DhAMcA mAtra raha gayA hai| mere zarIra ke pratirUpa ko dekho aura hRdaya ko niHzalya kro|'38 guru kI bhakti, vandanA, prazaMsA, karttavyAkarttavya, heya-upAdeya, yogya-ayogya kA bodha karAne ke lie tathA strI ke prati rAga naSTa karane hetu vRddhAvasthA kA yathArtha citraNa karanevAlI anubhAvoM kI zabdasaMracanA itanI hRdayasparzI hai ki bhavadeva muni apane kRta para lajjita hotA hai unakA strI Adi para padArthoM se moha/vikalpajAla zIghra hI TUTa jAtA hai, satyasvarUpa kA bodha hotA hai, indriya viSaya-bhogoM ke prati aruci utpanna ho jAtI hai| ve AtmaniMdA kara va prAyazcittAdipUrvaka punaH dIkSA lekara sacce muni banakara tapazcaraNa karate haiN| isa prakAra ye anubhAva jahA~ bhavadeva ko samatArasa kA pAna karAte haiM vahIM sAmAjika ke 'zama' sthAyI bhAva ko ubuddha kara zAnta rasa ke sAgara meM nimagna kara dete haiN|
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________________ 74 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 eka zreSThI ke ghara se AhAra kara prasthAna karate hue, sAgaracandra muni ko dekhakara yuvarAja zivakumAra ko pUrva janma kA smaraNa ho jAtA hai| phalasvarUpa vaha jarA-maraNa-rUpa saMsAra se udAsIna ho mitra dvArA pitA ke lie saMdeza bhejatA hai| yaha saMsAra (punaH-punaH janma-maraNa) rUpI kAlA sA~pa sAre loka ko parAbhUta karatA hai| yaha indriyoMrUpI phaNoM, caturgatirUpa mukha, mithyAtva moharUpI visadRzanetra, ratirUpI dAr3ha tathA viSayabhogarUpI caMcala jihvA se yukta aura zubhAzubha karmaphalarUpI garala se bharA huA hai| jina bhagavAna rUpI garUr3a ne isa (saMsAra) kA kSaya karanevAlA taparUpI maMtrAkSara batalAyA hai vaha mere dvArA grahaNa karane aura pAlana karane yogya hai| punarjanma ke smaraNa se honevAle mAnasika cintana ko zivakumAra ne vacana ke dvArA abhivyakta kiyA hai ataH anubhAva bana gayA hai| kyoMki kAvyanuzAsanakAra hemacandrAcArya ne adhyAtma zAstra ke cintana ko zAnta rasa ke anubhAva meM parigaNita kiyA haiN| yaha sahRdaya ko zAnta rasa kI anubhUti karAne meM samartha hai| __jaba jaMbUkumAra sudharmasvAmI se apane pUrvabhava kA vRttAnta sunate haiM to unheM vairAgya utpanna ho jAtA hai / ve munirAja se dIkSA hetu nivedana karate haiM / para munirAja pahale unheM mAtA-pitA kI anumati lene ghara bhejate haiN| ve ghara Akara mAtA-pitA ko namana kara kahate haiM - isa saMsAra meM manuSya kA (caMcala) mana caurAhe para rakhe dIpaka ke samAna DolatA rahatA hai| jIvita prANI kI Ayu sarpa ke jihvA-sphuraNa ke samAna caMcala hai aura bala giri nadI ke pUrvavata (nirantara) hrAsa ko prApta hotA hai / lakSmI kA vilAsa gaMDamAlA(roga ke) sama hai aura viSaya-sukha nakhoM se khAja khujalAne ke samAna hai| isalie maiM Aja hI pravrajyA luuNgaa| maiMne sabako kSamAkara diyA hai aura loka se bhI apane prati kSamA cAhatA huuN| aba rAga-dveSa ko upazAnta karUMgA . jambUkumAra kA ukta tatvajJAnaparaka cintana, viSaya-sukhoM ke prati aruci, saMnyAsa-grahaNa kI tatparatA Adi anubhAva 'zama' bhAva ko udbuddha kara zAntarasa kI anubhUti karAte haiN| jambUkumAra ko unake mAtA-pitA, parijana, unakI vAgdattA vadhue~ aura badhuoM ke mAtApitA dIkSA se virata karane hetu ghara meM rahane ke lie aneka taraha se samajhAte haiM para zivapatha ke pathika ke samakSa ve asaphala rahate haiM / ulTe jaMbUkumAra hI apane mAtA-pitA Adi ko samajhAkara unheM zAnta kara dete haiM / 42 phira padamazrI Adi cAroM vAgdattA vadhue~ jambUkumAra se eka dina ke lie vivAha karane kA anurodha karatI hai jise ve svIkAra kara lete haiM / vivAhoparAnta navavadhuoM kI zrRMgArika ceSTAyeM bhI use vicilita nahIM kara paatii| usa samaya vara kA saMsAra se viraktirUpa cintana pAThakoM ko zAntarasa meM avagAhana karA detA hai| padmazrI, kanakazrI, vinayazrI aura rUpazrI kramazaH apane pati ko rAgaraMjita, janaraMjana, manoraMjana evaM kalaraMjana karanevAlI kathAe~ sunAtI haiM aura vidyuccora nAmaka chadma mAmA bhI kumAra ko sAMsArika viSayoM meM Asakta karanevAlI viSaya-bhogavardhaka kathAe~ sunAtA hai| kumAra vairAgya
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 75 kathAoM ko sunAkara unakA pratikAra karane meM saphala ho jAte haiN| sabhI virAga kathAoM ke upasaMhAra meM nidarzita cintana anubhAva bana zAnta-rasa kI niSpatti meM sahAyaka bana par3e haiN| __saMsAra se virakta jambUkumAra guruvarya muni saudharma kA anugraha prApta kara munidIkSA grahaNa karate haiM, kezoM ko ukhAr3a dete haiM, nisaMga vRtti aura iMdriyoM kA damana karate haiM, 44 bArahavidha tapa karate haiM aura anta meM mokSa prApta karate haiM / mokSa-prApti ke pUrva taka kI ye sArI pravRttiyA~ anubhAva haiN| isI prakAra jambUkumAra kI cAroM vadhuoM, unake mAtA-pitA, vidyuccara, Adi ke dvArA dIkSA grahaNakara saMyama dhAraNa karanA, tapa karanA, parISahoM ko sahanA aura anta meM saMnyAsa dhAraNa karanA Adi sabhI zAnta rasa ke anubhAva haiN| ina anubhAvoM kA kalAtmaka saMyojanakara mahAkavi ne zama sthAyI bhAva ko mArmika abhivyakti pradAna kI hai aura sahRdaya ko zAntarasa ke sAgara meM nimagna karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| __ isa prakAra kavi vIra ne jambUsAmi cariu meM sazakta, saTIka, svAbhAvika evaM hRdayasparzI anubhAvoM kA saMyojana kara pAtroM ke ratyAdi bhAvoM ko anubhUtigamya banAne meM adbhuta kauzala kA pradarzana kiyA hai| unake dvArA sAmAjika ko pAtroM kI ratyAdi pariNata-avasthA kA avilamba bodha hotA hai / ise usakA svakIya ratyAdi bhAva turanta udbuddha ho kara use zRMgArAdi rasa se sarAbora kara detA hai| 1. jayodaya mahAkAvya parizIlana, pRSTha-225-226, prakAzaka - zrI di. jaina dharma prabhAvanA samiti evaM sakala digambara jaina samAja, mdngNj-kishngddh'| 2. udbuddhakAraNaiH svaiH sarvairbahirbhAva prkaashyn| loke yaH kAryarUpaH so'nubhAvaH ___ kaavynaattyyoH|| - sAhitya darpaNa, 3.132 3. anubhAvanamevambhUtasya ratyA deH samanantarameva rasAdirUpatayA bhAvanam / vahI, vRtti 3.132 4. sAhityadarpaNa vimarza, hindI vyAkhyA, pRSTha-201, DaoN satyavrata siMha, caukhambA, vidyAbhavana, cauka, vaaraannsii| 5. abhijJAna zAkuntala, 2.12 / 6. jayodaya mahAkAvya parizIlana, pRSTha-226 / 7. jaMbUsAmi cariu 4,17, 5-11, 16-20, kavi vIra, saM. DaoN. vimalaprakAza jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillii| 8. vahI 4.19, 11-151 9. vahI 2.15, 6-151
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________________ 76 10. vahI 2.17, 5-71 11. (ka) nATyazAstra, SaSTha adhyAya / (kha) jayodaya mahAkAvya parizIlana, pRSTha-2271 12. (ka) nATyazAstra, saptama adhyAya / (kha) jayodaya mahAkAvya parizIlana, pRSTha-2271 nATyazAstra 6.42 1 13. 14. vahI, 6.43 15. vahI, 6.44 1 16. vahI, 6.45 1 17. 18, 19. vahI, 6.46, 47, 48 / 20. jaMbUsAmi cariu, 4.11, 8-12 21. (ka) rasagaMgAdhara, prathamAnana, nAgeza bhaTTa TIkA / (kha) jayodaya mahAkAvya parizIlana, pRSTha- 231 22. (ka) nATyazAstra, SaSTha adhyAya / (kha) jayodaya mahAkAvya parizIlana, pRSTha-231 23. jaMbUsAmi cariu, 5,5, 7-12 1 24. vahI, 7, 3 ghattA uttarArdha, 7, 4, 1-31 25. vahI, 7, 4, 9-131 26. (ka) nATyazAstra, SaSTha adhyAya / (kha) jayodaya mahAkAvya parizIlana, pRSTha 231 27. jaMbUsAmi cariu, 5.13, 9-121 28. vahI, 7.1, 13-151 29. vahI, 7.1, 10-12, 16-201 30. (ka) nATyazAstra, SaSTha adhyAya / (kha) jayodaya mahAkAvya parizIlana, pRsstth-229| 31. jaMbUsAmi cariu, 10.17, 41 32. vahI, 2.5, 11-271 33. (ka) rasa gaMgAdhara, prathamAnana, nAgezabhaTTa TIkA / (kha) jayodaya mahAkAvya parizIlana, pRSTha-2301 34. jaMbUsAmi cariu, 2.6, 8-10 ghattA 6 | apabhraMza bhAratI 9-10
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI -9-10 77 35. vahI, 2.7, 1-51 36. vahI, 2.18, 2-31 37. vahI, 2.18, 4-61 38. vahI, 2.18, 10-15 / 39. vahI, 3.7, 10-12 ghattA-12 / 40. jayodaya mahAkAvya parizIlana, pRsstth-230| 41. jaMbUsAmicariu, 8.7.6-10 / 42. vahI, 8, 8, 1-17 / 43. vahI, 9.7.6-17, ghttaa| mIla roDa, gaMjabAsaudA vidizA (ma.pra.)
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________________ 78 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 NiveNa loeNa saravaraM to NiveNa loeNa saravaraM lakkhiyaM asesaM pi mnnhrN| NIlarayaNapAlIe paviulaM kmlprimlaamiliyaliulN| amaralalaNakayakIlakalayalaM cliyvliyullliyjhsulN| kalamarAlamuhadaliyasayadalaM luliya kolulhliykNdlN| pIlulIlapayacaliyatalamalaM gliynnlinnrypiNghuyjlN| aNilavihuyakallolahayathalaM tacchaleNa NaM chivai nnhylN| patthiu vva kuvalayavirAiyaM puMDarIyaNiyareNa chaaiyN| karirahaMgasAraMgabhAsiyaM chaMdayaM vilAsiNi pyaasiyN| ghattA - saru pecchevi lou hariseM kahi~ mi Na maaiu| mANasasare NAi~ amaraNiyaru saMpAiu // sudaMsaNacariu 7.16 tabhI rAjA va anya logoM ne sarovara kI ora lakSya kiyA, jo samastarUpa se manohara thaa| vaha apane nIla ratnoM kI pAli (paMkti) se ativipula dikhAI de rahA thaa| vahA~ kamaloM kI sugaMdha se bhramarapuMja A mile the| devalalanAoM kI krIr3A kA kalakala zabda ho rahA thaa| machaliyoM ke puMja cala rahe the, mur3a rahe the, aura uchala rahe the| kalahaMsoM ke mukhoM dvArA zatadala kamala tor3e jA rahe the; tathA Dolate hue varAhoM ke jhuNDoM dvArA jar3eM khodI jA rahI thiiN| hAthiyoM kI krIr3A se unake pairoM dvArA tale (nIce) kA mala (kIcar3a) calAyamAna hokara Upara A rahA thaa| kamaloM se jhar3I huI raja se jala piMgavarNa ho rahA thaa| pavana se jhakorI huI taraMgoM dvArA thalabhAga para AghAta ho rahA thA, mAno vaha usI bahAne nabhastala ko chU rahA ho| vaha sarovara kuvalayoM (nIla kamaloM) se zobhAyamAna, puMDarIkoM (zveta kamaloM) ke samUhoM se AcchAdita, hAthiyoM, rathAMgoM (cakravAka pakSiyoM) tathA sAraMgoM (cAtakoM) se udbhAsita thA, ataeva vaha eka rAjA ke samAna thA, jo kuvalaya (pRthvI-maMDala) para virAjamAna pradhAnoM ke samUha se zobhAyamAna tathA hAthiyoM, rathoM aura ghor3oM se prabhAvazAlI ho| (yaha vilAsinI chanda prakAzita kiyaa|) usa sarovara ko dekhakara loga harSa se kahIM samAe nahIM, mAno devoM kA samUha mAnasa sarovara para A pahu~cA ho| anu. - DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 79 akTUbara - 1997, akTUbara - 1998 saMdeza-rAsaka ke racayitA 'abdurrahamAna' - zrI vedaprakAza garga kavi abdurrahamAna dvArA racita 'saMdeza rAsaka' bhAratIya sAhitya ke madhyayuga kI eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa kRti hai / yaha bhASA-kAvya kI upalabdha kRtiyoM meM sarvaprathama eka musalamAna kavi kI sundara kAvya racanA mAnI gaI hai aura abdurrahamAna bhASA ke prathama musalamAna jJAta kavi mAne gae haiN|' racanA apane sRSTA kI kIrti ko amara rakhane meM samartha hai| hindI ke vidvAn lekhakoM meM se adhikAMza ne kavi kA nAma 'abdula rahamAna' karake likhA hai, jo ThIka nahIM hai| arabI vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se 'abdurrahamAna' hI likhA jAnA zuddha hai, 'abdula rahamAna' nhiiN| apabhraMza nAma zabda 'addahamANa' se 'abdula rahamAna' (?) (abdurrahamAna) kA Azaya liyA gayA hai, jo mere vicArAnusAra saMdigdha hai| tathAkathita abdurrahamAna kI isa kRti ko prakAza meM lAne kA zreya apabhraMza ke anyatama vidvAna muni zrI jinavijayajI ko hai| prApta tIna pratiyoM ke AdhAra para unhoMne isakA saMpAdana kara ise saM. 2002 vi. (san 1945I.) meM bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, baMbaI (siMghI jaina graMthamAlA ke antargata) se prakAzita karAyA thaa| mUla pATha evaM pAThAntaroM ke atirikta unhoMne isa saMskaraNa meM racanA kI do saMskRta-TIkAe~ bhI prakAzita kI haiM, jinheM 'TippaNaka' aura 'avacUrikA' kahA gayA hai| isa saMskaraNa meM munijI ne eka saMkSipta prastAvanA bhI dI hai jisameM racanA evaM usake samayaAdi se saMbaMdhita praznoM para bar3I yogyatApUrvaka vicAra kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI isa saMskaraNa meM DaoN. harivallabha bhAyANI kI bhUmikA bhI hai, jisameM racanA ke vyAkaraNa evaM chaMda-vidhAna Adi
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 para vaijJAnikatA ke sAtha vicAra kiyA gayA hai aura saMskaraNa ke aMta meM DaoN. bhAyANI ne racanA kA eka zabda-koza bhI diyA hai, jisameM zabda - vyutpatti evaM artha dene kA prayAsa hai| isa prakAra racanA ke mahattvAnurUpa hI isa saMskaraNa ko adhikAdhika rUpa meM upayogI banAne kA prazaMsanIya prayAsa kiyA gayA / ' saMdeza - rAsaka' kA eka anya saMskaraNa zrI vizvanAtha tripAThI dvArA saMpAdita hindI-graMtha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI se prakAzita huA hai| isa saMskaraNa ke prakAza meM Ane kA zreya DaoN. hajArIprasAdajI dvivedI ko hai / yaha saMskaraNa bhI kucha navIna sAmagrI ke prakAza meM upayogI banAne kA eka sundara prayAsa hai| ukta donoM saMskaraNoM ke atirikta 'saMdeza rAsaka' kA pATha DaoN. dazaratha ojhA tathA DaoN. dazaratha zarmA dvArA saMpAdita graMtha 'rAsa aura rAsAnvayI kAvya' (pra. nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, vArANasI) ke antargata bhI prakAzita huA hai| isa prakAra isa racanA ke samprati tIna prakAzita saMskaraNa prApta haiM / 80 kavi kA vizeSa 'vRtta' ajJAta hai, kyoMki vaha apane viSaya meM adhika mukhara nahIM hai| usane 'saMdeza-rAsaka' ke prArambha meM 'kartAra - stuti' ke pazcAt apanA ati saMkSipta paricaya mAtra isa rUpa meM diyA hai paccAsa pahUo puvva pasiddho ya miccha desotthi taha visae saMbhUo Aradda mIra seNassa // 3 // taha tao kula kamalo pAiya kavvesu gIya visayesu addahamANa pasiddho saMneha rAsayaM raiyaM // 4 // prathama chaMda kA artha usake 'Tippanaka' ke AdhAra para, jisakA bhAva yaha hai ki 'pazcima dizA meM mleccha nAma deza hai, jo pUrva meM bahuta prasiddha hai / vahA~ mIrasena nAmaka julAhA (Aradda) utpanna huA' kiyA gayA hai aura adhikAMzatayA vidvAnoM ne bhI binA koI vizeSa vicAra kie, use svIkAra kara tathAkathita abdurrahamAna ke pitA kA nAma 'mIra sena' tathA use julAhA jAti kA mAna liyA hai, kintu DaoN. zaileza jaidI ne apane artha-cintana se ukta chaMda ke artha saMbaMdha meM kavi - paricaya viSayaka tathyAtmaka navIna udbhAvanAe~ kI haiN| jinake AdhAra para abdurrahamAna kA paricaya isa prakAra hai 'pazcima dizA kI pRthvIvAlA prAcIna kAla se prasiddha 'misahada (micchada + esa + tthi micchadesotthi) nAmaka deza hai| usa deza meM 'mIrahusena' kA ( mIra seNassa) putra utpanna huA / ata: DaoN. jaidI ke anusAra kavi ko julAhA jAti kA mAnA jAnA, galata hai| vaha saiyada jAti ke musalamAna the, kyoMki 'mIra' zabda saiyada jAti kA dyotaka hai| unake pitA kA nAma 'mIrahusena' thA, jo muhammada gorI ke sAtha bhArata Ae the aura unheM ajamera kA dArogA niyukta kiyA gayA thaa| yahIM para unakA dehAnta san 610 hijarI arthAt 1213 I. meM huA thA / gorI aura apane pitA ke bhArata Agamana ke samaya arthAt 589 hi. (1193I.) meM saMbhavata: tabhI abdurrahamAna kA bhI bhArata meM AnA huA thaa| bhArata Agamana ke samaya anumAnata: unakI Ayu 22-23 varSa kI rahI hogI aura isa prakAra DaoN. jaidI ke vicAra se unakA janma san 1170 I. ke Asa-pAsa =
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 tthhregaa| DaoN. sAhaba ne ukta saba bAtoM ke AdhAra para 'saMdeza rAsaka' kA racanA kAla san 1213 I. ke Asa-pAsa svIkAra kiyA hai| isa rUpa meM DaoN. jaidI kA yaha prayAsa stutya to hai, isameM koI saMdeha nahIM, kintu samasta tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vaha phira bhI vicAraNIya hai| 81 kavi ne apanA ullekha ' addahamANa' ke rUpa meM kiyA hai aura 'addahamANa' se ' 'abdula rahamAna' (abdurrahamAna) kA Azaya liyA gayA hai, kyoMki donoM TIkAkAroM ne isI rUpa meM nAmollekha kiyA hai aura ve isa viSaya meM ekamata haiN| AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne 'addahamANa' ke artharUpa para to vicAra kara 'addahamANa' kA artha ' AhitayazA:' ( addaha kA artha rakSita yA Ahita arthAt jisakA mAna yA yaza prAkRta kAvyoM meM aura gIta viSayoM meM surakSita rhegaa| ata: usakA addahamANa nAma pUrNata: sArthaka hai) kiyA hai' kintu unhoMne ' addahmANa' ke zabda-rUpa para vizeSa vicAra nahIM kiyA jaba ki isa para vizeSa dhyAna diyA jAnA Avazyaka thA / jaise- 'caumuha' kA 'caturmukha' aura 'tihuNa' kA 'tribhuvana' zabda-rUpa nizcita kiyA gayA hai aura jo vAstavika hai, usI prakAra 'addahamANa' kA vAstavika zabda-rUpa sthira karanA ucita hogA, kyoMki - 'saMdeza rAsaka' ke adhyayanoparAnta kisI prakAra bhI yaha kisI muslima kavi kI kRti pratIta nahIM hotii| isalie yaha tathya vicAraNIya hai / -- 'saMdeza - rAsaka' ke racanA kauzala se patA calatA hai ki kavi prAkRta apabhraMza kAvya meM niSNAta thA, aisA usake Atma-nivedana se bhI pragaTa hai / kRti ke adhyetA ko pade pade yaha vizvAsa hotA calatA hai ki kavi ko bhAratIya - sAhitya-paramparA kA pUrNa jJAna hai aura usameM bhAratIyasAhitya ke saMskAra pUrI mAtrA meM vidyamAna the| usakI sAMskRtika pravRttiyoM meM abhAratIyatA kA kahIM leza bhI nahIM miltaa| usake bhAva aura vicAra pUrNatayA bhAratIyatva se page haiN| ataH 'saMdezarAsaka' ko kisI ahindU kavi kI racanA mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| hA~, yahA~ eka tathya kA aura ullekha kara dU~ - 'saMdeza - rAsaka' ke raDDA chaMda saM. 223 ke aMta meM die hue dohe kA sIdhA artha hai- 'jisa prakAra usa nAyikA kA acintita mahAn kArya kSaNArddha meM hI siddha ho gayA, usI prakAra paDhane-sunanevAloM kA bhI ho, anAdi - ananta parama puruSa kI jaya ho / ' ukta dohe ke aMtima caraNa ke 'jayau aNAi aNaMtu' zabda-pATha para AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne vicAra kiyA hai aura isakA artha uparyukta rUpa meM hI kiyA hai, kintu sAtha hI racanA kI 'sI' prati meM prApta pATha para bhI vicAra kiyA hai| vaha pATha 'jayau aNAitu aMtu' ke rUpa meM hai aura dvivedIjI ne isa pATha ko bahuta mahattvapUrNa mAnA hai / unhoMne isakA artha kiyA hai- 'usI prakAra par3hane-sunevAloM ke anAgata aMta kI jaya ho' arthAt par3hane-sunanevAloM ke mana meM jo bhI icchA ho, usakA aMta bhaviSya meM jaya yukta hove| unake vicAra se 'anAgata aMta' kA artha hai - " kayAmata kA dina / isa pATha evaM artha ke AdhAra para dvivedIjI ne kavi ko nizcitarUpa se muslima-dharmAnuyAyI mAnA hai| unakA kathana hai ki - 'yaha pATha kavi ko nizcitarUpa se muslima dharmAnuyAyI siddha karatA hai| kiMtu dvivedIjI kA isa pATha ko lekara kiyA gayA vaicArika UhApoha sArthaka nahIM hai aura ukta pATha se kiyA gayA artha bhI khIMcatAna para hI AdhArita hai, kyoMki 'anAgata' ke lie 'aNAgaya' zabda hotA hai ( pAiya sadda mahaNNava) na ki 'aNAitu' / mere vicAra meM 'aNAitu ,
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 aMta' vikRta pATharUpa hai, sArthaka nhiiN| ata: isa pAThabheda ke AdhAra para kavi ko muslima dharmAnuyAyI siddha karanA ucita nahIM hai| ata: ise svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 'saMdeza-rAsaka' ko eka musalamAna kavi kI racanA na mAnane se merA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki kisI musalamAna kavi dvArA bhAratIya sAMskRtika pariveza meM maMDita kAvya-racanA karane kI pratibhA para maiM zaMkA kara rahA huuN| hindI meM aneka musalamAna kaviyoM ne bhAratIya sAMskRtika pariveza ke AdhAra para aneka uccakoTi ke kAvyagraMtha racakara apanI pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai, kintu isI ke sAtha yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki ukta kaviyoM ne apanI racanAoM meM aise spaSTa saMketa die haiM jinase yaha pUrNatayA jJAta ho sakA ki amuka racanA kA raciyatA islAma-dharmAvalambI thaa| saMdeza-rAsaka meM aise paricaya saMketoM kA abhAva hai| addahamANa ne jo atyanta saMkSipta paricaya diyA hai usase yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki vaha musalamAna thaa| puSTa pramANAbhAva hI isameM kAraka hai| yadi bhaviSya meM aise pramANa mile aura unase addahamANa ke musalamAna hone kI puSTi ho, to phira yaha sthiti zaMkanIya nahIM hai| ___ jahA~ taka DaoN. jaidI kI sthApanA kA prazna hai, usake saMbaMdha meM mujhe itanA hI kahanA hai ki usakI koI sArthakatA siddha nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki unhoMne 'addahamANa' kA apane pitA ke sAtha videza (mizahada) se san 1193 meM bhArata AnA aura san 1213 ke lagabhaga saMdeza-rAsaka kA racA jAnA mAnA hai, jo ucita pratIta nahIM hotaa| kAraNa ki kisI videzI kA, cAhe vaha kitanA hI pratibhAzAlI kyoM na ho, itane kama samaya meM tatkAlIna apabhraMza bhASA para asAdhAraNa adhikAra pA lenA, bhAratIya saMskAroM kI bahuza: jAnakArI kA honA aura phira saphala kAvya-racanA meM pAraMgata honA, saMgata nahIM hai| ata: DaoN. jaidI ke ukta samAdhAnAtmaka vicAroM ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| astu| ___ jaisA likhA hI jA cukA hai ki TIkAkAroM ke AdhAra para 'addahamANa' kA zabda-rUpa 'abdula rahamAna' mAnA gayA hai, kintu vizeSa kAraNoM se, jinakA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai, yaha zabdarUpa svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| mere vicArAnusAra 'addahamANa' kA zabda-rUpa ArdramAna' jaisA honA caahie| 'ArdrakumAra', 'Ardra deva' jaise nAma milate bhI haiM / ataH 'ArdramAna' nAma hone meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| phira bhI apabhraMza bhASA kI prakRti ke anusAra 'addahamANa' ke vAstavika zabda-rUpa para vicAra karanA ucita rhegaa| vidvAnoM se nivedana hai ki isa samasyA para avazya dhyAna dene kA kaSTa kreN| kavi ke paricayAtmaka chaMda meM likhA hai' - paccAesi pahUo puvva pasiddho ya miccha desotthi| taha visae saMbhUo Araddo mIra seNassa // 3 // taha taNao kula kamalo pAiya kavvesu gIya visyesu| addahamANa pasiddho saMneha rAsayaM rahayaM // 4 //
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 83 chaMda saM.-3 ke prathama caraNa meM Ae hue 'paccAesi' kI saMskRta vyAkhyA saMskRta-TIkAoM meM 'pratIcyAM' karake kI gaI hai| DaoN. bhAyANI ne graMtha ke zabdakoza meM ise 'pratyag deza' se niSpanna kiyA hai / vAstava meM 'paccAesa' pazcAt+deza hai / paccA' aura 'pacchA' donoM 'pazcAt' ke prAkRtarUpa haiM aura donoM kA artha - 'pazcima dizA' hai| isI prakAra 'esa' aura 'desa' donoM deza' ke prAkRta rUpa hai| ata: paccAesi' kA artha hogA- 'pazcima dizA ke deza meN| isameM Age 'miccha desotthi' kA ullekha hai, jo kavi kA nivAsa pradeza hai| TIkAkAroM ne isakA artha 'mleccha nAmAdezo' kiyA hai| 'prAkRta zabda mahArNava' meM bhI 'miccha' kA artha mleccha' hI diyA huA hai kintu isa mleccha deza kI vAstavika sthiti jJAta nahIM hai| vaise yaha prasiddha hai ki Aryajana jisa pradeza kA parityAga kara dete the, vaha mleccha deza kahalAtA thaa| jaise manusmRti meM mleccha deza ko yajJiya deza se pare batAyA gayA hai aura amarakoza ke pramANa se spaSTa hai ki deza kA pazcimottara bhAga udIcya aura pratyanta bhAga mleccha deza kahalAtA thaa| ata: yaha anumAna svAbhAvika hai ki 'miccha' yA 'mleccha' deza se kavi kA Azaya sindhu taTavartI bhU-bhAga (vartamAna pazcimI pAkistAna meM) se rahA hai| mere vicAra se mleccha deza kI saMgati 'multAna' se hai, kyoMki multAna aura usake Asa-pAsa kA ilAkA bhI isakA nikaTavartI hone se mleccha deza hI kahalAtA rahA hai| jaisA taMtra' ke nimna zloka se pratIta hotA hai- 'multAna dezo devezi! mahAmleccha praaynnH| paricaya-chaMda kI agalI paMkti kA artha saMskRta-TIkAoM meM aise kiyA gayA hai- 'tatra viSaye Araddo dezItvAt taMtuvAyo mIrasenAkhyaH saMbhUtaH utpnnH|' AcArya dvivedIjI ne isa artha para ThIka hI Apatti kI hai ki 'mIraseNassa' SaSThyanta pada hai, usakI vyAkhyA 'mIrasenAkhyaH' prathamAnta pada ke rUpa meM nahIM honI caahie| ataH dvivedIjI ne 'Aradda mIraseNassa' kI saMgati 'mIra sena kA Aradda' (mIra sena ke gRhAgata) artha karake lagAI hai, kintu yaha saMgati saMtoSaprada nahIM hai| mere vicAra meM caraNa kA sIdhA artha hogA -'usa viSaya(pradeza) meM Aradda huA, jo mIra sena kA (putra) thaa|'-'aardd' kA artha saMskRta-TIkAoM meM jo 'dezItvAt taMtuvAyaH' kiyA gayA hai, vaha nirAdhAra hai| Age kavi ne chaMda-19 meM apane ko 'koliya' kahA hai, saMbhavataH isI ke AdhAra para 'Aradda' ke isa artha kI kalpanA ina TIkAoM meM kara lI gaI hai| dvivedIjI ne gRha-Agata artha hetu 'Aradda' ko 'Araddha' zabda mAnA hai, kintu yaha bAta samajha meM nahIM AtI ki 'Araddha' (gRha-Agata) jo dezaja zabda hai, use AcArya jI ne 'Aradda' kaise mAnA hai? phira bhI yadi Aradda' zabda ko 'Araddha' mAna liyA jAya, to gRha-Agata Adi arthoM ke atirikta 'mahaNNavo' meM isakA anya artha - Arabdha, prArabdha bhI milatA hai / ata: isa Araddha zabda ke anusAra tIsare chaMda kI dUsarI paMkti kA eka artha yaha bhI ho sakatA hai - 'usa pradeza meM mIrasena kA bhAgyodaya huaa| DaoN. jaidI ne 'Aradda' zabda ko arabI bhASA ke 'aradda' zabda se banA hone kI saMbhAvanA vyakta kI hai| arabI zabda-koza meM 'Aradda kA artha - lAbhaprada tathA upayogI diyA huA hai / mIrasena ko lAbha pahu~cAnevAlA athavA mIrasena kA lAbha usakA putra hI ho sakatA hai| ata: yahA~ Aradda zabda kA artha 'putra' kiyA jA sakatA hai, jo saMgatiparaka hai|
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________________ 84 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 saMskRta-TIkAoM meM 'Aradda' ko jAti-sUcaka mAnA gayA hai aura pratIta hotA hai ki chaMda saM. 19 meM Ae hue 'koliya' zabda ke sahAre isakA artha 'taMtuvAya' kiyA gayA hai, kintu 'julAhA jAti' ke artha meM yaha zabda anyatra kahIM dekhane meM abhI taka nahIM AyA aura phira 'koliya' zabda bhI mAtra 'julAhA' artha meM hI prayukta nahIM hotA, balki usakA eka anya artha 'satkulodbhava' arthAt acche kula meM utpanna bhI hotA hai / ata: DaoN. jaidI dvArA 19veM chaMda kA diyA huA artha adhika susaMgata pratIta hotA hai| unhoMne likhA hai - 'apanI kavitA kI vidyA ke mAhAtmya ko aura uttama kula ke (kauleya>koleya>koliya) pAMDitya ko prastArita karanevAlA manuSya loka meM prakAzita athavA khyAtiprApta saMdeza-rAsaka sarala bhAva meM kautUhala se pratibhAsita hai|' ___paM. candrakAnta bAlI ne 'Aradda' zabda ko 'AraTTa' zabda ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA hai| 'Aradda' kA pATha-bheda 'AraTTa' saMbhava hai| AraTTa kA tAtparya Adhunika kathya meM 'aror3A' prasiddha hai, jo paMjAba kI prasiddha jAti hai| use vayana jIvI jAti nahIM mAnA jaataa| atha: vidyA-niSNAta kalAvijJa addahamANa kA apanI paitRka vidyA-saMpadA ke bala para siddha-prasiddha kavi honA svAbhAvika hai| jAti-sUcaka artha meM paM. bAlI ke isa ullekha ko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai aura isameM koI asaMgati bhI nahIM hai| addahamANa ke pitA kA 'mIrasena' nAma bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai| vidvAnoM ne isake 'mIra' evaM 'sena' padoM meM bhI visaMgati mAnI hai| unake vicAra meM 'mIra' muslima sUcaka hai aura 'sena' hindUupAdhi hai| zrI vizvanAtha tripAThI ne 'mIrasena'ko'tAnasena' se milAyA hai| ve likhate haiM-'mIrasena kI hI bhAMti musalamAna kahe jAne vAle prasiddha gAyaka tAnasena ke nAmAnta meM bhI sena hai| kucha logoM ke anusAra tAnasena janma-jAta musalamAna nahIM the| isIlie tripAThIjI ke vicAra meM 'mIrasena' bhI dharmAntarita musalamAna the, kintu aisA vicAra bhramAtmaka hI hai| eka prakAra se yaha sahI hai ki 'mIra' muslima sUcaka bhI hai, kyoMki 'mIra' zabda saiyada jAti kA dyotaka rahA hai aura 'sena' zabda sAdhAraNata: muslima nAma ke pIche lagA huA milatA bhI na hai, kintu hinduoM meM to nAmAnta pada 'sena' vAle nAmoM kA prAcIna samaya se hI paryApta pracalana rahA hai| ata: mIrasena ke 'mIra' pada para vizeSa dhyAna kI AvazyakatA hai| merA vicAra hai ki yaha 'mIra' pada muslima sUcaka na hokara kisI anya zabda kA vikRta rUpa hai, kyoMki hinduoM meM 'mihira sena', 'mihIM sena' dhvani sAmyavAle jaise nAmoM kA pracalana rahA hai| saMbhava hai, yaha 'mihira' kA hI aparUpa ho| vaise 'mIra' saMskRta meM 'samudra' vAcI zabda bhI hai arthAt mIra zabda kA artha'sAgara' hai| ata: merI rAya meM 'mIra sena' (mihira sena) zuddha hindUvAcaka zabda hai| ukta vicAraNA ke AdhAra para pUre paricaya-pada (saM. 3-4) kA artha isa prakAra hogA"pazcima dizA meM mleccha nAmaka deza (multAna yA nikaTavartI bhU-bhAga) hai, jo pUrva meM bahuta prasiddha hai| vahA~ (usa viSaya 'pradeza' meM) mIrasena kA (mIraseNassa) putra utpanna huA athavA usa pradeza meM AraTTa (aror3A) jAtIya mIrasena huaa| usake putra-addahamANa ne, jo apane kula
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________________ 85 - apabhraMza bhAratI 9-10 kA kamala thA aura prAkRta kAvya evaM gIta viSayoM meM suprasiddha thA, saMdeza rAsaka kI racanA ant ''18 I 'rAsaka' kI kathA - antargata Ae nagara - nAmoM meM vijaya nagara evaM khaMbhAta ke alAvA anya tIna nagaroM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM- sAmoru, tapana tIrtha aura multaan| 'vijaya nagara' ko munijI ne jaisalamera rAjya ke antargata mAnA hai" aura 'khaMbhAta' to gujarAta kA suprasiddha vyApArika nagara hai hI / 'sAmoru' ko saMskRta TIkAkAroM ne multAna nagara batAyA hai|2deg multAna kA prAcIna nAma kazyapapura thA phira usakA nAma haMsapura par3A phira bhagapura aura isake bAda saambpur| ataH 'sAmoru' sAmbapura hai, jo multAna kA pUrva nAma rahA hai| 21 multAna (mUla sthAna) tapana tIrtha - arthAt Aditya tIrtha ke rUpa meM prasiddha rahA hai aura kisI samaya yahA~ ke sUrya maMdira kI vizeSa khyAti rahI hai / yaha candrabhAgA (cinAba ) nadI ke taTa para avasthita hai / ataH sAmoru, mUlasthAna (multAna) evaM tapanatIrtha eka hI haiN| isameM koI saMzaya nahIM hai / apabhraMza meM rAsaka- paramparA kI isa racanA (saMdeza - rAsaka) meM racanAkAla kA abhAva hai| ataH isakI racanA kaba huI, isa saMbaMdha meM bhI vidvAnoM ke bhinna-bhinna mata haiM / jahA~ purAtattvAcArya muni jinavijayajI saMdeza - rAsaka ke karttA addahamANa ko muhammada gorI ke AkramaNa se kiMcit pUrvakAla kA, IsA kI 12 vIM zatAbdI kA kavi mAnate haiM, 22 vahA~ mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne apanI 'hindI kAvya-dhArA' meM inako 11 vIM zatI kA kavi mAnA hai| 23 AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI 'hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla' meM inakA samaya 12 vIM tathA 13 vIM zatI I. nizcit karate haiM 124 zrI vizvanAtha tripAThI bhI munijI ke vicAra se sahamata haiN|25 DaoN. ambAprasAdajI sumana ne bhI unheM 12 vIM zatI I. ke Asa-pAsa kA kavi mAnA hai|26 zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne ukta maMtavyoM ke viparIta saMdeza - rAsaka ko saM. 1400 vi. ke Asa-pAsa kI racanA honA batalAyA hai 27 ataH yaha tathya bhI vicAraNIya hai| aba usI para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| itanA to nizcit hai ki saMdeza rAsaka kI racanA saM. 1465 vi. ke pUrva ho cukI thI, kyoMki isa saMvat meM jaina sAdhu lakSmIcanda ne isa para saMskRta meM TippaNI likhI thii|28 prAkRta ke suprasiddha graMtha 'vajjAlagga' para ratnadeva gaNi ne saM. 1393 meM eka saMskRta TIkA likhI thii| isa TIkAgraMtha meM aneka gAthAe~ AcArya hemacandra racita aura saMdeza- rAsaka ke lekhaka addahamANa racita sammilita haiM / 29 isase spaSTa hai ki saMdeza - rAsaka kI racanA saM. 1393 se pUrva ho cukI thI / DaoN. hajArIprasAdajI dvivedI ne eka anya pramANa apane 'hindI-sAhitya' nAmaka graMtha meM diyA hai, jo adhika nirNAyaka mAnA jA sakatA hai| unhoMne nirdiSTa kiyA hai ki hemacandra sUri ne apane prasiddha graMtha 'hema-zabdAnuzAsana' meM saMdeza - rAsaka kA padya uddhRta kiyA hai|30 'siddha haima' kA racanA - kAla saM. 1192 mAnya hai / ata: isa samaya se pUrva hI 'rAsaka' kI racanA ho gaI thii| 'saMdeza - rAsaka' meM multAna (mUla sthAna) kA varNana eka bar3e aura samRddha hindU-tIrtha ke rUpa meM huA hai| hindU tIrtha ke rUpa meM usakI yaha prasiddhi vahA~ sthita mArtaNDa maMdira ke kAraNa thI / isa maMdira ko sarvaprathama muhammada bina kAsima ne vidhvasta kiyA thA, kintu kucha kAloparAnta
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________________ 86 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 phira se usakI pratiSThA vyApta ho gaI thii| tatpazcAt mahamUda gajanavI ne multAna para AkramaNa kara use apane adhikAra meM kara liyA aura vahA~ ke sUrya-maMdira ko pUrNatayA naSTa kara use jummAmasajida meM parivartita karA diyA thaa| yaha ghaTanA saM. 1062 kI hai|" isa AkramaNa ke anantara usakI vaha samRddhi aura tIrtharUpa prasiddhi sadaiva ke lie miTa gaI thii| isase pratIta hotI hai ki saMdeza-rAsaka kI racanA saM. 1062 se pUrva ho gaI thii| kavi ne 'rAsaka' ke Arambha meM 'kavi-vandanA' kI hai aura isI saMdarbha meM Age kavi ne apabhraMza ke prasiddha 'caumuha' (caturmukha) kA ullekha kiyA hai| 'caumuha' ke sAtha hI 'sesA' kA bhI nAma AyA hai| yaha 'sesA' zabda apabhraMza ke mahAkavi 'svayaMbhU' ke lie AyA hai, kyoMki svayaMbhU kA eka kIrti nAma 'zeSa' par3a gayA thaa| isIlie loka meM svayaMbhU 'sesa' nAma se paricita the| kAraNa ki svayaMbhU kA kAvya- 'vikaTa baMdha-suchaMda-sarasatA' ke lie prasiddha hai aura ukta vizeSaNa svayaMbhU ke kAvya ke lie hI vyavahata hue haiN| kavi ke sAtha hI 'tihuyaNa' kA nAma bhI kauzalapUrvaka liyA hai| 'tribhuvana' mahAkavi svayaMbhU ke putra the jo tribhuvana svayaMbhU ke rUpa meM prasiddha hue| kavi svayaMbhU kA samaya 840-920 I. anumAnita kiyA gayA hai aura unake putra tribhuvana kA samaya bAhya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para 893 se 943 I. ke Asa-pAsa taka mAnA gayA hai| ___ AcArya hajArIprasAdajI dvivedI ne isa saMbaMdha meM paryApta vicAraNA kI hai| unake vicArAnusAra tribhuvana, addahamANa ke thor3e hI pUrvavartI the yA samasAmayika the aura svayaMbhU adhika pUrvavartI / isIlie unhoMne tribhuvana ke lie to 'diTTha, (dekhA hai) kA prayoga kiyA hai aura svayaMbhU ke kAvya ke lie 'sua' (sunA huA) kahA hai| cU~ki tribhuvana kA samaya vikrama kI 10vIM zatI kA uttarArddha mAnA jAtA hai, ata: addahamANa kA samaya vikrama kI 11vIM zatI kA pUrvArddha mAnane meM koI ar3acana nahIM hai| isa prakAra kavi kA samaya vikrama kI 11vIM zatI kA pUrvArddha ThaharatA hai aura yahI samaya 'saMdeza-rAsaka' ke race jAne kA hai, jo saba prakAra se saMgatimUlaka hai| 1. yadyapi phArasI ke tajakiroM meM bhASA ke prathama musalamAna kavi ke rUpa meM masaUda saada salamAna kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu usakI racanAe~ aprApya haiN| 2. ukta pratiyAM isa prakAra haiM- (1) pATana-bhaNDAra kI mUla pAThavAlI prati (2) pUnA sthita bhaNDArakara risarca iMsTITyUTa kI mUla pATha evaM saMskRta avacUrikAvAlI prati (3) mAravAr3a sthita lohAvata kI mUla pATha sahita saMskRta TippaNIvAlI prti| yaha saMskRta TippaNI lakSmIcanda nAmaka jaina sAdhu ne saM. 1465 vi. meM likhI thii| 'saMdeza-rAsaka' ke mudraNa kArya kI lagabhaga samApti para zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne isakI eka anya apUrNa prati munijI ke pAsa bhejI thI; jisameM saMskRta-vartikA bhI dI huI hai| yaha bIkAnera kI prati kahalAtI hai| isa prakAra isa saMskaraNa ke samaya munijI ko inhIM cAra pratiyoM kA patA laga sakA thaa| (4) isa saMskaraNa meM jayapura se prApta saMdeza-rAsaka' kI eka anya mahatvapUrNa prati kA
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 87 upayoga kiyA gayA hai| durbhAgya se isa prati meM Arambha ke do patra nahIM haiN| isakA li. kAla saM. 1608 hai aura isameM mUlapATha evaM usakI saMskRta-chAyA dI huI hai, jise prakAzita saMskaraNa meM 'avacUrI' nAma diyA hai| prastuta saMskaraNa meM alIgar3ha ke DaoN. rAma sureza tripAThI se prApta isa racanA ke eka patra (11vAM) kA upayoga bhI kiyA gayA hai (de. ukta saMskaraNa, bhUmikA pR. 72-76) / 4. sammelana-patrikA, bhAga 51 saM. 1-2, pR. 187-88 / 5. vahIM, 'saMdeza-rAsaka ke racayitA abdurrahamAna' nAmaka lekha, pR. 185-194 / 6. saMdeza-rAsaka, hindI graMtha ratnAkara, bambaI, prastAvanA, pR. 131 / 7. vahI, prastAvanA, pR. 58 / pratIta hotA hai ki isa pATha-bheda para vicAra ke samaya dvivedIjI ke mana meM abdurrahamAna zabda kI vidyamAnatA prabhAvI thI, tabhI ve isa pATha ke dvArA kavi ko muslima-dharma kA siddha kara ske| anyathA isa pATha kI nirarthakatA svataH spaSTa hai| isase aisA artha nahIM nikAlA jA sakatA / 8. prathama to apabhraMza kAvyakAra ke rUpa meM koI musalamAna kavi huA hI nahIM, phira bhI yadi eka bAra ko yaha mAna bhI liyA jAe ki 'addahamANa' islAma dharmAvalambI hI thA, to taba isa saMbaMdha meM itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha kisI bhAratIya ucca zreNI se saMbaMdhita thA aura jisane kisI kAraNavaza dharmAntaraNa kara islAma dharma svIkAra kara liyA thA arthAt vaha nava dharmAntarita musalamAna thaa| isI kAraNa usameM bhAratIya-saMskAra vidyamAna the aura usakA tatkAlIna bhASA-jJAna paripuSTa thaa| 9. saMdeza-rAsaka, prathama prakrama chaMda saM. 3 va 4 / 10. prAkRta zabda mahArNava(pAiya sadda mahaNNava) koza meM ukta shbd| 11. manu ne yajJIya deza kA lakSaNa yaha batAyA hai ki vahA~ kRSNasAra mRga svAbhAvika rUpa se vicarate haiM- 'kRSNasArastu carita mRgo patra svbhaavtH| sa jJeyo yajJiyo dezo mleccha dezastataH prH|| - manusmRti-adhyAya 3/231 12. (ka) udIcyaH pazcimottara / pratyanto mleccha dezaH ..... (2.1.6) (kha) cAturvarNya-vyavasthAnaM yasmin deze na vidyte| mleccha dezaH sa vijJeyaH AryAvartaH tataH param // 13. ojhA-nibandha-saMgraha, bhAga 1 pR.13 / 14. saMdeza-rAsaka (hi.gra.ra.kA. bambaI-saMskaraNa), prastAvanA, pR.11-12 / 15. sammelana-patrikA, bhAga 51 saM. 1-2, pR.187-189 / 16. paMjAba prAMtIya hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR.101-21 17. saMdeza-rAsaka (hi.gra.ra.kA. bambaI-saM.) bhUmikA, 78 evaM pA. Ti.-41.
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI 9-10 18. aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kavi ne jisa samaya saMdeza rAsaka kI racanA Arambha kI, usa samaya vaha apane nivAsa sthAna multAna ( kyoMki addahamANa multAna kA rahanevAlA thA ) se pUrva dizA ke kisI sthAna para pravAsI thA / tabhI usane aisA kathana kiyA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki racanA kA Arambha pUrva dizA ke kisI sthala para huA / 88 19. saMdeza - rAsaka, priphesa, pR. 12 / 20. zrI candrakAnta bAlI ne 'sAmoru' ko 'zambara skanda' (samarakanda) hone anumAna kiyA hai, jo ucita nahIM / de. paM.prA.hi.sA. kA iti pR. 101 evaM pari. 6 / 21. sammelana - patrikA bhAga 51, saM. 1-2, pR. 1931 22. saMdeza - rAsaka, priphesa, pR. 12 / 23. hindI kAvya dhArA, pR. 292 / 24. hindI - sAhitya kA AdikAla, pR. 40 1 25. saMdeza - rAsaka (hiM. graM.ra.kA. bambaI - saM.) bhUmikA, pR. 81-82 / 26. sammelana - patrikA, bhAga 50, saM. 2 - 3, pR. 57 1 27. rAjasthAna - bhAratI, bhAga 3, aMka 1, pR. 46 / zrI agaracaMda nAhaTA ise adhika purAnI racanA mAnane ke pakSa meM nahIM haiN| unake vicAra se 'rAsaka' kI racanA lakSmIcaMda ke bahuta pUrva nahIM huI thI / de. vikAsa 213 / 28. saMdeza-rAsaka, pR. 90 TippaNaka / 29. jaina - sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, bhAga 6, pR.561| 30. hajArIprasAda - graMthAvalI, tIsarA khaMDa, pR. 298 / 31. isa saMvat meM gajanavI ne multAna para AkramaNa kara use apane adhikAra meM kiyA thA / ataH isase bAda kA samaya kadApi nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| 32. saMdeza - rAsaka, mUla, chaMda saM. 17-18 (pra.pra.) / 33. zodhAdarza - 20, pR. 31 (paumacariu ke saMpAdaka DaoN. bhAyANI ke anusAra ) / 34. saMdeza - rAsaka (hi. graM.ra.kA. bambaI saMskaraNa), prastAvanA, pR. 16-17 / khaTikAna 14 mujaphpharanagara-251002 uttarapradeza
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 akTUbara 1997, akTUbara 1998 89 hindI bhASA para prAkRta kA prabhAva - DaoN. bahAdura mizra bhASika dRSTi se hindI meM apabhraMza aura prAkRta kI paramparAe~ saMskRta kI tulanA meM kahIM adhika surakSita haiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki bhASika vikAsa kI dRSTi se hindI apabhraMza kI ThIka pITha para AtI hai / phalasvarUpa, hindI apabhraMza kI sIdhI / sahaja vArisa ThaharatI hai / kintu, sAmAnyajanoM ke bIca viparIta dhAraNA pracalita hai ki hindI saMskRta kI vArisa hai, na ki apabhraMza kii| yahI kAraNa hai ki kucha loga ise 'saMskRta kI beTI' kahakara abhihita karate haiM / jahA~ taka hindI meM pracalita tatsama zabdAvalI (jaise pRSTha, caraNa, hastalAghava, pAda- prahAra, apayaza, aparihArya, zalya cikitsA, kathA, azva ityAdi) kA prazna hai, yaha bAta sahI ho sakatI hai| vaise, hindI meM prayukta tatsama zabdAvalI kA eka bar3A bhAga saMskRta se prAkRta/ apabhraMza hote hue AyA / DaoN. bholAnAtha tivArI ne hindI meM srota kI dRSTi se 'tatsama' zabda ke jo cAra prakAra nirdhArita kiye haiM, unameM pahalA prakAra prAkRtoM (pAli, prAkRta, apabhraMza) se hokara AnevAle bahusaMkhyaka zabdoM kA hai; yathA - acala, agha, kAla, kusuma, jantu, daNDa, dama ityAdi / ' lekina, jahA~ taka hindI ke 'tadbhava' zabda bhaMDAra kA savAla hai, ye (zabda - bhaMDAra) bhI madhyakAlIna bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM - prAkRta tathA apabhraMza ke rAste hindI meM aae| udAharaNa ke lie -
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 akkhi madhyakAlIna bhAratIya Arya bhASA madhyakAlIna bhAratIya Arya bhASA prAkRta - apabhraMza saMskRta kaur3I kavaDDiA kapardikA motI mottiya mauktika bhIta bhitta bhitti oTha/hoTha oTTha oSTha A~kha akSi jahA~ taka hindI ke dezI/dezaja zabda-bhaMDAra kA prazna hai, usakA vikAsa-sUtra saMskRta se nahIM jor3A jA sktaa| Adatana hama usakA saMbaMdha saMskRta se sthApita karane kA asaphala prayAsa karate rahate haiN| aise zabda yA to kisI aura srota se yA phira hindI meM hI kisI taraha 'nadI ke dvIpa' kI taraha ubhara Aye haiN|' sacAI to yaha hai ki dezI/dezaja zabda, deza-sApekSa ke sAtha-sAtha kAla-sApekSa bhI hai| kabhI yaha nAma 'dezI bhASA''prAkRta' ko milA to kabhI apabhraMza ko, kahIM aura kabhI avadhI, brajabhASA, magahI, bhojapurI aura aMgikA ko bhii| jJAtavya hai ki aMgajanapada ke bhojapurI-bhASI isa janapada kI sthAnIya bhASA/bolI 'aMgikA' ko 'dezI' hI kahate haiM / isa dhAraNA ke viparIta saMskRta aura prAkRta ke vidvAn AcArya hemacaMdra ke matAnusAra, "anAdi kAla se pracalita prAkRta bhASA hI dezI hai| unake anusAra, jo zabda na to vyAkaraNa se vyutpanna haiM aura na saMskRta-kozoM meM nibaddha haiM tathA lakSaNA-zakti ke dvArA bhI jinakA artha prasiddha nahIM hai, dezI kahalAte haiN| DaoN. bholAnAtha tivArI ise dezI/dezaja kahane ke bajAya 'ajJAta vyutpatika' kahanA ucita samajhate haiM..." / dezaja mAne jAnevAle zabda dezaja ho bhI sakate haiM aura nahIM bhI ho sakate haiN| vAstavika sthiti yaha hai ki ye ajJAta vyutpati ke haiN| ataH inheM ajJAtavyutpatika kahanA hI mere vicAra meM vaijJAnika hai, kyoMki yaha asaMbhava nahIM ki inameM anukaraNAtmaka, dUsarI bhASAoM se gRhIta tadbhava yA yahA~ taka ki yadyapi bahuta hI kama tatsama zabda chipe hoN| hama jAnate haiM ki hemacaMdra dvArA svIkRta dezaja zabdoM meM aneka tadbhava yA videzI siddha ho cuke haiN| hindI meM kucha aise dezaja zabda pracalita haiM jinakI vyutpatti saMskRta ke AdhAra para siddha nahIM kI jA sktii| aise zabdoM kA sIdhA saMbaMdha madhyakAlIna bhAratIya Arya bhASA, vizeSataH prAkRta se pramANita hotA hai| ye zabda haiM - uthala-puthala, ulaTA, ur3Isa, ur3ada, UbanA, or3hanA/nI, ojadAra/ojharAhA, kahAra, koyalA, kolhU, khir3akI, cAvala, jhamelA, jhAr3a, jhUTha, ThallA (niThallA), DAlI, DauA, DhekI, DhakanI, tAgA ityaadi| utthalla-patthalla (prA.) > uthala-puthala (hi.) saMskRta meM isake lie viparyayaH, viparyAsaH, pArzvadvayena, parivartanam ityAdi zabda calate haiM; aura jAhira hai, inameM se eka bhI uthala-puthala' se saMbaddha pratIta nahIM hotaa| isake viparIta, prAkRta se isakA sIdhA aura sahaja saMbaMdha ThaharatA hai|
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 91 'uthala-puthala' hindI kA yugma dezaja-zabda, hai, jo prAkRta meM yugma rUpa meM hI pracalita hai| prAkRta 'utthalla' se hindI 'uthala' kA vikAsa katipaya sAdhAraNa, para svAbhAvika dhvaniparivartanoM kI pariNati hai; yathA - prAkRta meM kSatipUraka dIrdhIkaraNa (compensatary Longthening) dhvani-parivartana niyama ke anusAra 'ttha' ho gayA hai, jo hindI meM mukha-sukha yA uccAraNa-saukarya-niyama ke aMtargata 't' ke vilopa se sirpha 'tha' raha gyaa| bhASA-jagat meM mAnava-saMsAra kI hI taraha 'nirbala' kA astitva saMkaTa-grasta rahatA hai| 'utthalla' meM 'tha' ke mukAbale 'ta' dhvani kamajora hai, isalie hindI taka Ate-Ate lupta ho gyii| yahI niyama 'lla' ke l-vilopa meM lakSita kiyA jA sakatA hai / yahA~ ekamAtra dhvani-parivartana-niyama 'lopa' kAma kara rahA hai| ___'patthalla' se 'puthala' kI vikAsa-yAtrA meM 'lopa' ke sAtha-sAtha Agama (svarAgama) niyama bhI kAma kara rahA hai| lopa' niyama ke tahata jahA~ 'ta' tathA 'la' dhvaniyA~ (vyaMjana) lupta huI haiM, vahA~ Agama ke tahata p' meM ', ' (u) svara dhvani kA Agama huA hai| ' isa taraha, 'utthalla-patthalla' se 'uthala-puthala' kI bhASika vikAsa-yAtrA bilakula sahaja pratIta hotI hai| ulluTaM (prA.) > ulaTA (hi.) pro. rAmasarUpa zAstrI ke 'Adarza hindI-saMskRta zabda-kozaH' meM 'ulaTrA' ke lie saMskRta samAnArthaka 'ulluThanam' milatA hai| prAkRta 'ulluTaM' kA vikAsa-sUtra isase jor3A jA sakatA hai| lekina, 'ulaTA' se jo artha dhvanita hotA hai, vaha 'ulluThanam' se nhiiN| __'ulluTaM' se 'ulaTA' kI vyutpatti bilakula sahaja hai| 'l' evaM anusvAra kA lopa tathA 'A' ke rUpa meM aMtya svarAgama-ina do niyamoM ke tahata 'ulaTA' kI bhASika vikAsa-prakriyA pUrI ho jAtI hai| ___ isa vikAsa-prakriyA kI ullekhanIya vizeSatA aMtya anusvAra kA 'A' meM badala jAnA, yA yoM kaheM ki anusvAra kI jagaha 'A' kA Agama hai / visarga kI 'A' yA 'o' meM pariNati to svAbhAvika hai; kyoMki donoM kA uccAraNa-sthAna 'kaMTha' (akuha-visarganIyAnAM kaNThaH) hai; jaise - dArogaH (turkI)> dArogA (hi.), kinAraH (phA.)> kinArA (hi.) aadi| videzI srota se Aye visarga ke rUpa meM hakArAnta uparilikhita zabda hindI taka Ate-Ate 'A' kArAnta ho gaye haiN| isI taraha, saMskRta mUla ke visargAnta zabda bhI 'A'kArAnta meM badala jAte haiM; yathA - punaH racanA> punAracanA, anta:rASTriya antArASTriya (tatsama) visargAnta kA 'A' kArAnta meM badalanA bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| jaise - chandaH vidhAna> chandovidhAna, mana:ratha manoratha, yazaH dA>yazodA ityaadi| isake viparIta, anusvArAnta kA vizuddha 'A'kArAnta meM parivartana sudurlabha hai| hA~ Adi anusvAra/anunAsikya kA anunAsikyAnta meM parivartana sahaja hai; jaise - bhaNDa > bhA~Da, maNDa > mA~Da aadi|
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________________ 92 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 uDaDso (prA.) - ur3Isa (hi.) isa raktapAyI tuccha jIva ko saMskRta meM 'matkuNaH' kahate haiM / hindI meM ise 'khaTamala' bhI kahate haiM / jAhira hai, hindI kA 'ur3Isa' zabda 'matkuNaH' se vyutpanna nahIM hai / isakA sIdhA vikAsa prAkRta 'uDDaso' se lakSita hotA hai| 'Da' kA lopa, phira bindu se yukta hokara mukha-sukha ke kAraNa 'Da' kA 'r3a' banAnA, usameM "' (I) kA Agama aura aMta meM aMtya svara dhvani '' (o) lopa - isa taraha 'uDDaso' se 'uDIsa' kI bhASika vikAsa-prakriyA saMpanna hotI hai| ___ kozakAra pro. rAmasarUpa zAstrI ne 'ur3Isa' kA bhASika vikAsa saMskRta-zabda 'udaMza' se mAnA hai| isakA saMbhAvita vikAsa-krama, mere vicAra se, kucha yoM honA cAhie - udaMza > uDDsa > uDDIsa > uDIsa > ur3Isa / 'udaMza' kA zAbdika artha U~cA daMza (DA~sa) vAlA hotA hai / daMza to mAratA hai, para yaha U~cA hotA nhiiN| 'ur3Isa' ke lie 'udaMza' zabda mujhe kahIM aura nahIM milaa| ho sakatA hai, pro. zAstrI ne 'ur3Isa' ke sAdRzya (Analogy) para yaha zabda gar3hA ho| aise kitane hI zabda hindI aura saMskRta - donoM meM gar3he gae haiN| hindI meM AcArya raghuvIra ne isI taraha ke Dhera sAre pAribhASika zabda gar3he haiM / svayaM saMskRta meM zabdakAroM ne aise katipaya zabda nirmita kiye haiN| udAharaNa ke lie -'pustaka' aura 'gojihvA' / 'pustaka' mUlata: saMskRta zabda nahIM hai, jabaki sAre loga ise saMskRta kA mAnate haiM / yaha videzI srota (pahalavI) ke 'posta' (lekhanacarma) zabda se vyatpanna hai| pahale lekhana-karma camaDe para hotA thA. isI bAta kA sAkSI hai yaha shbd| dUsarA zabda 'gojihvA' bhI videzI mUla (purtagAlI) ke zabda 'gobhI/bI 'yA' kobI' kA paravartI saMskRta-rUpAMtaraNa hai| AcAraniSTha loga bhojana meM isakA sevana varjita mAnate rahe / unake anusAra, yaha 'gau' mAtA kI kaTI huI jIbha kA vAnaspata saMskaraNa hai| isI taraha, dezI zabda 'ur3Isa' kA vikAsa prAkRta ke 'uDDaso' se hI pratIta hotA hai| uDido (prA.) - ur3ada (hi.) ____ yaha eka prakAra kI dalahana hai, jise hindI meM 'kalAya' aura saMskRta meM 'mASaH' kahate haiN| pro. rAmasarUpa zAstrI ne patA nahIM kahA~ se isake lie 'Rddha' zabda khoja nikAlA hai| mujhe phira kahanA hogA ki hindI zabda 'ur3ada''Rddha' se nahIM, balki svayaM 'Rddha' zabda 'ur3ada' ke sAdRzya (vajana) para banA hai| 'mASa:' se isakA dUra kA bhI saMbaMdha nahI tthhrtaa| aMta meM bacatA hai - prAkRta zabda 'uddido'| hindI 'ur3ada' yA 'ur3Ida' prAkRta 'uDido' kI svAbhAvika saMtati pratIta hotI hai| 'Da' kA 'uDido' ke 'Di' meM se pahale 'f' (i) kA lopa, phira bindu yukta hokara 'Da' bananA aura Akhira meM 'do' ke ii' (o) kA lopa aura isa taraha 'ur3ada' zabda bana jAtA hai / 'ur3Ida' kI vikAsa-prakriyA to aura bhI sahaja hai| uvvAo (prA.) >> UbanA/ubAnA (hi.) hindI kA khinnArthaka akarmaka kriyA-pada 'UbanA' yA 'ubAnA' prAkRta 'uvvAo' se vikasita pratIta hotA hai| koI-koI isakA saMbaMdha avadhI 'obA' (eka prakAra kI bImArI)
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI 9-10 se batAte haiM, jo yukti-saMgata nahIM / prAkRta 'uvvAo' se 'UbanA' yA 'ubAnA' kI bhASika vikAsa-yAtrA kahIM jyAdA sahaja pratIta hotI hai| dvitva 'va' kA lopa, 'vA' meM se 'T' (A) kA lopa (ubAnA meM nahIM), phira 'o' ke sthAna para 'nA' kA Agama hone se hindI kA dezaja zabda 'UbanA' banatA hai / 93 oDDhaNaM (prA.) > or3hanA / nI (hi.) isake lie saMskRta meM 'uttarIya' zabda calatA hai, jabaki aMgarejI meM raipara (Wrapper) / yaha kriyA ke sAtha-sAtha saMjJA bhI hai| 'nI' lagAkara ise UnArthaka (Diminutive) strIliMga rUpa diyA gayA hai| jo ho, 'uttarIya' aura 'or3hanA/nI' ke bIca kahIM koI bhASika tAratamya nahIM miltaa| isake viparIta 'or3hanA', 'oDDhaNaM' ke kAphI karIba ThaharatA hai| isakA vikAsa-krama yoM banatA hai - 'Da' kA lopa, mukha-sukha ke kAraNa 'Dha' kA bindu-yukta hokara mahAprANa ghoSa mUrddhanya utkSipta sparzI dhvani 'r3ha' meM tabdIla ho jAnA, 'NaM' kI anunAsikyatA kI jagaha vivRta svara 'A' kA Agama yA anusvAra kI 'A' meM ajJAtarUpeNa pariNati / aMta meM mUrdhanya dhvani 'Na' kA uccAraNa- saukarya ke AdhAra para 'daMtya' 'na' meM parivartana / - pro. rAmasarUpa zAstrI dvArA 'or3hanA' ke lie ' A + Ur3ha' zabda kI dUrArUr3ha kalpanA se koI aMtara par3anevAlA nahIM hai / lage hAtha, jJAtavya hai ki DaoN. dhIrendra varmA utkSipta (dhvani) 'r3ha' ko hindI kI apanI naI dhvani mAnate haiM, jabaki DaoN. bholAnAtha tivArI ke anusAra, isakA vikAsa IsA kI pahalI sadI, arthAt, prAkRta-kAla meM ho gayA thA / ojjhara (prA.) > ojjhara / ojharAhA (hi.) saMskRta meM isake lie 'aMtrAvaraNam' zabda milatA hai| lekina, isase 'ojjhara' yA 'ojharAhA' kA koI saMbaMdha-sUtra jur3atA najara nahIM aataa| hindI meM 'ojjhara' yA 'ojharAhA' zabda kA artha 'ulajhA huA' (Confused/intermingled/intricate) yA 'ulajhAne vAlA' ( vyakti yA kAma ke artha meM) hotA hai / 'ojjhara' se, 'ojjhara' ke vikAsa meM to nahIM, hA~ 'ojharAhA' ke vikAsa meM 'j' kA lopa 'rA' meM 'T' (A) ke Agama ke sAtha-sAtha aMtya vyaMjana 'hA' (pratyayamUlaka) kA Agama huA hai, jo svAbhAvika hai / kAhAro (prA.)> kahAra (hi.) hindI kA jAtivAcaka zabda ( pAnI Adi DhonevAlI jAti) 'kahAra' prAkRta ke 'kAhAro' kA sahaja saralIkRta rUpa hai| isake viparIta jahA~ DaoN. bholAnAtha tivArI ne isakA saMbaMdha saMskRta zabda 'skaMdhabhAra' se jor3A hai, vahA~ pro. rAmasarUpa zAstrI ne 'kaMhAra' se| donoM ne hI dUra ka r3I lAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| DaoN. tivArI ne 'skaMdhabhAra' se 'kahAra' banane kI bhASika prakriyA kA bilakula saMkSepa meM ullekha kiyA hai - sirpha tIna avsthaaeN| mere anusAra saMbhAvita krama yoM ho sakatA hai - skaMdhabhAra kaMdhabhAra kanhahAra>kAhAra kahAra / aura bhI, laMbI prakriyA ho
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________________ 94 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 sakatI hai| mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki pro. tivArI ne 'kahAra' ke sAdRzya para saMbhAvita zabda 'skaMdhabhAra' gar3ha liyA hai| yaha zabda saMskRta meM daraasala milatA nahIM hai| pro. rAmasarUpa zastrI kA 'kaMhAra' (kaMjala, hAra=DhonevAlA) to aura bhI kalpita lagatA hai| isakI tulanA meM pro. tivArI kA 'skaMdhabhAra' kahIM jyAdA saMgata pratIta hotA hai| para, donoM hI zabda kRtrima pratIta hote haiN| koilA (prA.) > koyalA (hi.) saMskRta meM isake lie 'kASThAMgAra', 'kRSNAMgAra', 'dagdhakASTha' ityAdi zabda pracalita haiN| inameM se kisI zabda se 'koyalA' kI vyutpatti nahIM sAdhI jA sktii| alabattA prAkRta 'koilA' se hindI 'koyalA' kA vikAsa svAbhAvika pratIta hotA hai| madhyavartI 'i' se 'ya' aura 'ya' se 'i' banane kI pravRtti sAmAnya hai; jaise - ajavAyana > ajavAina, ajavAina> ajavAyana, bhAI , bhAya, mAI (bhojapurI) > mAya, DAyana > DAina ityaadi| kolhuo (prA.) > kolhU (hi.) ise saMskRta meM 'telapeSaNI' 'tilapeSaNa yaMtraM', 'ikSu-rasAlau taila-peSaNI', 'nipIDanayaMtraM', ityAdi zabda calAte haiN| parantu, inameM se kisI se bhI 'kolhU' kI vyutpatti nahIM ho sakatI hai| yaha to prAkRta 'kolhuo' se hI vikasita pratIta hotA hai| 'hu' kA dIrdhIkaraNa tathA 'o' kA vilopa jaise mAmUlI dhvani-parivartanoM ke bAda 'kolhU' zabda astitva meM A gyaa| khaDakkI (prA) - khir3akI (hi.) ___saMskRta meM isake lie laghudvAram', 'gavAkSaH', 'vAtAyana:' ityAdi apekSAkRta pracalita zabda, haiN| pro. rAmasarUpa zAstrI ne eka aura saMbhAvita zabda 'khaTikkA' kA prayoga kiyA hai, jisase hindI zabda 'khir3akI' kA vikAsa batAyA jA ske| magara, yaha zabda pracalana meM nahIM diikhtaa| isa taraha, 'khir3akI' prAkRta zabda 'khaDakkI' se vikasita pratIta hotI hai| jisa taraha 'Dha' meM bindu lagAkara utkSipta dhvani 'r3ha' banatI hai, usI taraha 'Da' meM bindu lagAkara anya utkSipta 'r3a' kA vikAsa hotA hai / 'khaDakkI ke 'Da' se 'khir3akI' ke 'r3a' kI vikAsa-yAtrA yahI siddha karatI yaMjana 'kka' meM se prathama 'ka' kA lopa hone se 'khir3akI' zabda kI vyutpatti niSpanna hotI hai| isItaraha, prAkRta 'khaDDA' se hindI 'khaDDA' (gaDDhA) kA bhI sIdhA vikAsa huA hai| cAula (prA.) , cAvala (hiM) ise saMskRta meM 'taNDulaH' kahate haiM jisase hindI zabda 'cAvala' kA dUra kA bhI sambandha nahIM bntaa| isalie pUrI saMbhAvanA hai ki yaha prAkRta 'cAulA' kA hI vikasita rUpa hai| madhyavartI u ) va kI vikAsa-pravRtti asahaja nahIM lgtii| hindI meM isakI ulaTa kriyA milatI hai; jaise - rAva > rAu, ThA~va ) ThA~u aadi|
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI 9-10 jhamAlaM (prA.) jhamelA (hi.) 'jhamelA' hindI kA dezaja zabda hai, jo bakher3A, parezAnI Adi ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai| kahanA na hogA ki yaha bhI prakRta 'jhamAlaM' kA kiMcit parivartita / saralIkRta rUpa hai| prAkRta meM aMtya anunAsikya dhvani kA AkArAnta meM parivartana Ama pravRtti hai| isa taraha, jhADaM (prA.) se jhAr3a (hi.), jhuTTha (prA.) se jhUTha (hi.) tathA Thallo (prA.) seThallA (hi.) zabda vikasita hue haiN| inake atirikta DAlI (prA.) se DAlI (hi.), Doo (prA.) se DauA (hi.) (lakar3I ke bar3e cammaca ke artha meM), r3heMkA (prA.) se DheMkI (dhAna kUTane kA yaMtra), DhakanI (prA.) se DhakanI ( hindI - miTTI kA choTA sA bartana, arthAt sakorA), taggaM (prA.) se tAgA (hi.) jaise zabdoM kA bilakula sahaja vikAsa huA hai / 95 isa artha meM hindI prAkRta kI adhika RNI hai / uparivivecita dezI zabdoM kA vikAsa yaha siddha karatA hai ki hindI para prAkRta kA prabhAva na kevala aitihAsika dRSTi se, apitu bhASika dRSTi se anupekSaNIya hai / 1. hindI bhASA, DaoN. bholAnAtha tivArI, kitAba mahala, ilAhAbAda, 1976 I., pR.6471 "jaoNna bImsa ne dezaja zabdoM ko mukhyata, anArya srota se saMbaddha mAnA" / dRSTavya kampaireTiva grAmara oNpha da mADarna AryanalaiMgvejeja oNpha iNDiyA / 2. 1 - e 3. " ye apane hI deza meM bolacAla se bane haiM Adhunika hindI vyAkaraNa aura racanA, DaoN. vAsudevanaMdana prasAda; bhAratI bhavana, paTanA - 43, 1989 I., T.148 I 4. dezI nAmamAlA, hemacaMdra, gujarAtI sabhA, bambaI (mumbaI); vi. saM. 2003; 1.3-4 / 5. vahI / 6. hindI bhASA, DaoN. bholAnAtha tivArI; pR. 659 / 7. Adarza hindI-saMskRta zabdakoza, pro. rAmasarUpa zAstrI; caukhambA vidyA bhavana, cauka vArANasI, 1957 I.; pR. 73 1 8. hindI bhASA, DaoN. bholAnAtha tivArI; pR. 410 / 9. vahI, pR. 428 / 10. Adarza hindI-saMskRta zabdakoza, pro. zAstrI; pR. 100 / prophesara : hindI - vibhAga ti. mA. bhAgalapura vizvavidyAlaya, bhAgalapura-812007 (bihAra)
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________________ 96 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 jattha ya cUyakusumamaMjariyA jattha ya cUyakusumamaMjariyA suyacacU cuNbnnjjjriyaa| hA sA mahuratteNa va khaddhA kahimi viDeNa va vesA luddhaa| chappayachittA komalalaliyA viyasai. mAlai muliykliyaa| daMsaNaphaMsaNahiM rasayArI mayau kko Na vhuumnnhaarii| vAyaMdolaNalIlAsAro tarusAhAe hallai moro| sohai gholirapiMchasahAso NaM vnnlcchiicmrvilaaso| jattha sare posiyakAraMDaM sarasaM nnvbhiskislykhNddN| diNNaM haMseNaM haMsIe caMcU caMcU cuNbtiie| phullAmoyavaseNaM bhaggo keyaikAmiNiyAe lggo| kharakaMTayaNahaNibbhiNNaMgo Na calai jattha khaNaM pi bhyNgo| jatthAsaNNavaNammi NisaNNo nnaariiviinnaarvhiyknnnno| Na carai hariNo davAkhaMDaM Na gaNai paarddhiykrkNddN| jattha gaMdhavisaeNaM khavio jakkhItaNupari malave hvio| hatthI pariaMcai NaggohaM phaMsai hattheNaM paarohN| saMkeyattho jatthaM suhadaM soUNaM mNjiiryshN| ahameMtIe tIe sAmI evaM bhaNiuM Naccar3a kaamii| ghattA - taM vaNu joyaMtiM mayaNakayaMtiM bhaNiu pattaphalu bhijji| samadamajamavaMtaha~ saMtaha~ daMtaha~ etthu NivAsu Na jujjdd'|| jasaharacariu 1.13 nandanavana kA varNana usa nandanavana meM AmoM kI puSpamaMjarI zukoM kI coMca ke cumbana se jarjarita ho rahI thii| hAya, vaha puSpa-maMjarI apanI madhuratA ke kAraNa khAyI jA rahI thI. jisa prakAra lobhI vezyA kAmI puruSa ke dvArA naSTa kI jAtI hai / komala aura lalita mAlatI apanI mukulita kaliyoM sahita phUla rahI thI aura usa para bhauMre baiTha rahe the| bhalA, darzana aura sparzana meM rasIlA aura mRdula kauna aisA hogA, jo bahutoM kA mana AkarSita na kare? vAyu meM jhUlane kI krIr3A ko zreSTha samajhanevAlA mayUra eka vRkSa kI zAkhA para jhUla rahA hai| vaha apane calAyamAna paMkhoM se hAsyayukta aisA zobhAyamAna hotA thA jaise mAnoM vanalakSmI kA camara-vilAsa ho| vahA~ sarovara meM kAraNDa va haMsoM kA poSaNa karanevAle sarasa naye kamala nAla va aMkuroM ke khaNDoM ko haMsa apanI haMsI ko de rahA thA aura vaha apanI coMca se haMsa kI coMca ko cUma rahI thii| ketakIrUpI kAminI kA AliMgana karatA huA aura usake phUloM kI sugandha ke vazIbhUta huA bhujaMga tIkSNa kaNTakarUpI nakhoM se chinnAMga hokara bhI vahA~ kSaNamAtra ke lie bhI calAyamAna nahIM hotA thaa| vahA~ samIpavartI vraja (carAgAha) meM baiThA haA tathA gvAla-strI ke vINA kI dhvani se AkarSita karNa hokara hariNa na to dUba kI ghAsa caratA thA aura na pAradhI ke hAtha ke bANa kI paravAha karatA thaa| vahA~ apane gandha ke viSaya ke vazIbhUta huA yakSiNI ke zarIra kI sugandha se vihvala hokara hAthI nyagrodha (vaTa) vRkSa ke samIpa jAtA aura apanI sUMDa se usakI (vaTa kI) jaTAoM kA sparza karatA thaa| vahA~ nUpuroM kI madhura dhvani ko sunakara apane saMketa-sthAna para khar3A huA kAmI puruSa yaha kahatA huA nAca rahA thA ki maiM hI usa AnevAlI preyasI kA premI huuN| usa upavana ko dekhakara madana ko jItanevAle munirAja ne kahA ki yahA~ patra aura phala tor3e jA rahe haiM (zleSa-munirUpI pAtra kA saMyamarUpI phala bhagna ho rahA hai|) ataeva yahA~ zama, dama aura yama kI sAdhanA karanevAle santa puruSoM kA nivAsa ucita nahIM hai 12 // anu. - DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI 9-10 akTUbara 1997, akTUbara 1998 - 97 hindI ke aupamya - vidhAna para prAkRta kA prabhAva ( vidyApati ke sandarbha meM ) -- DaoN. pratibhA rAjahaMsa apabhraMza ke garbha se janma lenevAlI bhASA hindI para apabhraMza ke sAtha-sAtha prAkRta kA bhI atyadhika prabhAva hai| prAkRta ke kAvya-rUpa, kavi - paramparAe~, nakha - zikha-varNana, RtuvarNana, zrRMgAra ke donoM pakSoM ke sAMgopAMga varNana-citraNa ityAdi se prabhAvita hindI - kAvya ne usake bhAva ko hI nahIM apanAyA, balki kaI bAra bhAvoM ke varNana-citraNa meM prAkRta ke aupamya-vidhAna ko bhI hU-ba-hU usI rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA / hindI - kavi vidyApati ne prAkRta ke kAvya- sAhitya se nakha - zikha varNana ke krama meM aneka sthaloM para bhAva grahaNa kie haiN| kahIM unake bhAva prAkRta sAhitya se kucha alaga dIkha par3ate haiM to kahIM prAyaH vaise -ke-vaise hI mila jAte haiM prAkRta- aMgaM lAvaNNapuNNaM savaNaparisare loaNe phAratare vacchaM thoratthaNillaM tivalivalaiaM muTiThgejjhaM ca mAjhaM / cakkAAro niambo taruNimasamae kiMNu aNNa kajjaM paJcehiM ceu bAlA maaNajaamahAvejaantIa honti // arthAt yuvAvasthA meM sundariyoM kA zarIra lAvaNya se bharapUra ho jAtA hai, A~kheM bhI AkarSaka aura bar3I lagane lagatI haiM, vakSasthala khUba ubhara Ate haiM, kamara patalI ho jAtI hai tathA usa para trivaliyA~ par3a jAtI haiM / nitamba bhAga khUba suDaula aura gola ho jAtA hai|
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________________ 98 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 vidyApati (maithilI) kAminI kone gddh'lii| rUpa sarUpa mohi kahaite asambhava, locana lAgi rhlii| guru nitamba bhare calae na pArae, mAjha khInI mani maai| bhA~gi jAiti manasije dhari rAkhali, tribali latA urjhaaii| arthAt kisane aisI kAminI kI racanA kI? yathArtha rUpa kahanA mujhe asambhava lagatA hai| vaha to A~khoM meM lagI raha gii| guru nitamba ke bhAra se vaha cala nahIM sakatI hai| madhya bhAga samApta prAyaH lagatA hai| TUTa jAegI, yaha socakara kAmadeva ne trivalI rUpI latA meM ulajhAkara bA~dha rakhA hai| sundarI yuvatI ke saundarya-citraNa meM donoM hI sthaloM para bhAva prAyaH eka se haiN| vidyApati ne kamara TUTa jAne kI AzaMkA prakaTa karake aura trivalI kI latAoM se bA~dhakara use apanI kavitva-kalA se anupama saundarya pradAna kara diyA hai| ina paMktiyoM meM kAmadeva dvArA prakaTa kI gaI sahRdayatA ke viSaya meM to kahanA hI kyA? trivaliyoM para latA kA Aropa bhI bhAvAnurUpa sundara bana par3A hai| isI prakAra, anyatra bhI donoM ke bhAva milate-julate dikhAI par3ate haiN| prAkRta-sAhitya kI vizvavijayinI kAminI vidyApati ke sAhitya meM bhI dIkha par3atI hai| donoM hI jagaha samAna jijJAsA banI huI hai ki isa bAlA kI racanA kisane kI - kisI eka devatA ne yA kaI ne milakara? kisa vastu se kI - cA~da, amRta yA saMsAra ke samasta saundarya-sAra se? isa taraha kI bAlA kI racanA saMbhava kaise huI ? vidyApati ke aupamya-vidhAna para prAkRta-sAhitya kA mahattvapUrNa prabhAva hai| prastuta pada meM prAkRta kavi mahendra sUri ko apanI nAyikA nammayAsundarI' (narmadAsundarI) kI upayukta upamA ke lie vividha upamAnoM meM se koI bhI upamAna nAyikA meM vidyamAna guNoM ke anurUpa na milaa| isI prakAra, vidyApati ko bhI nAyaka zrIkRSNa kI upamA ke yogya koI upamAna nahIM mila pA rahA hai| draSTavya hai - prAkRta - ghaNacaMda samaM vayaNaM tIse jaI sAhiyo suyaNu tujjh| to takkalaMkapaMko tammi sAmArovio hoii| saMbukkasamaM gIvaM rehAtigasaMjaya tti jai mnnimo| vaMkattaNeNa sA dUsiya tti mannai jaNo svvo|
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 99 karikaM bhavimbhamaM jai tIse vacchatthalaM jNpaamo| to cammathArayAphA sapharusayA ThAviyA hoi| villahalakamalanAlovaMmAu bAhAu tIe~ jo khi| to tikkhakaMTa cAhiTThiyattadosaM pyaasei| kiMkillipallavehiM tullA karapallavi ti biNtehi| niyamA nimmalanahamaNimaMDaNayaM hoi aMtariyaM / arthAt yadi usake mukha ko candramA ke samAna kahA jAe to candramA meM kalaMka rahatA hai| ata: mukha para bhI kalaMka kA Aropa ho jaaegaa| yadi zaMkha ke samAna usakI gardana kahI jAe to zaMkha vakra hotA hai| ata: usakI grIvA meM bhI vakratva A jaaegaa| yadi usake vakSasthala ko karikumbha ke samAna kahA jo to usameM rukSa sparza kA doSa A jaaegaa| usakI bAhuoM ko kamalanAla kahA jAe to tIkSNa kaNTaka kamalanAla meM rahane se usakI bAhuoM meM doSa A jaaegaa| yadi hAtha kI hatheliyoM ko azoka-pallava kahA jAe to bhI ucita nahIM hai| vastutaH nammayAsundarI (narmadAsundarI) saMsAra kI samasta sundara vastuoM ke sAra bhAga se nirmita huI thii| isI taraha, kavivara vidyApati zrIkRSNa kI upamA DhU~Dhate-DhU~r3hate thaka jAte haiM / anta meM, hArakara kaha uThate haiM - "tohara sarisa eka toheM mAdhava mana hoiche anumaane"| tulanIya pada draSTavya hai - mAdhava kata tora karaba bdd'aaii| upamA tohara kahaba kakarAM hama, kahitahu~ adhika ljaaii| jao sirikhaNDa saurabha ati duralabha, taopunikATha kaThore / jao jagadIza nisAkara tao puni ekahi paccha ujore| mAna-samAna aore nahiM dosara, tAkara pAthara naame| kanaka kadali choTa lajjita bhae rahu kI kahu ThAmaka ddaame| tohara sarisa eka toheM mAdhava mana hoiche anumaane| arthAt he mAdhava! tumhArI kitanI bar3AI kruuN| tumhArI upamA jisase dU~ ? kahate bhI lajjA AtI hai| yadi candana kI durlabha sugandha kI bAta karU~ to phira vaha kaThora kATha mAtra hai| yadi candramA ko jagat kA prabhu mAnA jAya to eka hI pakSa meM ujAlA rahatA hai| maNi ke samAna bahumUlya padArtha kauna hai? Akhira vaha patthara hI hai| svarNa-kadalI hone ke kAraNa Thamaka kara raha jAtI hai| mere mana meM yaha anumAna hotA hai ki tumhAre samAna eka tumhI ho| uparyukta udAharaNoM meM prathama udAharaNa dasavIM zatAbdI ke prAkRta racanAkAra rAjazekhara ke saTTaka 'kapUramaJjarI' se uddhRta hai aura dvitIya bArahavIM zatAbdI ke racanAkAra mahendra sUri kI 'nimmayAsundarI kahA' se| ina racanAkAroM se zatAbdiyoM ke antarAla ke pazcAt AnevAle hindIbhASA ke kavi vidyApati (1460 vikrama saMvat) kI racanAoM kI zailI, bhAva evaM unakA aupamyavidhAna ityAdi prAkRta se prabhAvita hI nahIM, balki kahIM-kahIM to usakI pratichavi pratIta hotI hai|
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 prAkRta-sAhitya kA vidyApati para prabhAva na kevala zRMgAra-varNana prasaMga meM dekhA jAtA hai, balki vidyApati kI avahaTTha bhASA meM racita vIrarasaparaka racanAoM 'kIrtilatA' aura 'kIrttipatAkA' para bhI prAkRta kA prabhAva spaSTa lakSita hotA hai / 100 isaprakAra hindI-kAvya na kevala aupamya-vidhAna kI dRSTi se, varan vastu/bhAva-varNanacitraNa ke lihAja se bhI prAkRta kAvya kA AbhArI hai| 1. 'kapUramanjarI', rAjazekhara; uddhRta prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, DaoN. nemicandra jaina; tArA pablikezansa, vArANasI, 1966 I.; pR. 4171 2. vidyApati padAvalI, saMpA. - DaoN. narendra jhA; anupama prakAzana, paTanA; 1986 I., pR. 8 / 3. 1187 vikrama saMvat, arthAta 1130 I. - 4. nammayAsundarI kahA, mahendrasUri; uddhRta prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR. 417 5. vidyApati padAvalI, saM. - DaoN. narendra jhA; pRSTha 167 / vyAkhyAtA hindI vibhAga sAhibagaMja kAleja sAhibagaMja (dumakA vi.vi.) bihAra
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 akTUbara 1997, akTUbara 1998 - 'paumacariu' ke anUThe tatvoM kA apratima saMkalana 101 - - - maMju zukla 'paumacariu ' apabhraMza bhASA kA eka bejor3a graMtha hai jisameM mahAkavi svayaMbhU ne apanI kAvya pratibhA ko nirAle DhaMga se abhivyakta kiyA hai| yUM to isa graMtha kA mahattva kaI dRSTiyoM se hai kyoMki yaha apabhraMza bhASA meM racita prathama rAmAkhyAnaka kRti hai jo saMskRta aura prAkRta kI sAhityika paramparA ko svayaM meM sameTe hue hai / parantu isake atirikta bhI isameM kaI aise tattva haiM jo nitAMta maulika haiM aura isa DhaMga se abhivyakta kiye gaye haiM ki unakI sAragarbhitA mana ko andara taka chU jAtI hai aura inhIM aise anUThe tattvoM se hI saMpUrNa kRti mahattApUrNa ho jAtI hai| 'paumacariu ' meM varNita nItivacana, saMgIta, arthazAstra, vanaspatizAstra, upamAe~ aura bhI na jAne kyA-kyA svayaMbhU ne itanI gahanatA se vyakta kiyA hai ki usakI vistRta vyAkhyA karanA eka vivazatA-sI ho jAtI hai| ' paumacariu' kA jo saphara munijanoM, tIrthaMkaroM kI abhyarthanA se prArambha hotA hai vaha Adimadhya-aMta meM aisI tamAma vizeSatAoM ko khuda meM race-base haiM ki una para dRSTi Thahara sI jAtI hai| aisI hI ina vizeSatAoM ko isa Alekha meM ukerane kI koziza kI hai| 'paumacariu' ke saMdarbha meM aisA saMkalana mere saMjJAna meM nahIM thA isaliye zramasAdhya DhaMga se ise adhika se adhika ubhArane kA prayAsa hai yaha lekha / 'paumacariu' meM nItivacana 'paumacariu ' meM kaI sthala aise haiM, jahA~ para nIti sambandhI dohe varNita kiye gaye haiM, yadyapi samaya kA aMtarAla bahuta bar3ha gayA AThavIM zatI se bIsavIM zatI taka, tathApi ina nItivacanoM
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________________ 102 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 kA mahattva kisI prakAra se nyUna nahIM huA hai| ye Aja bhI utane hI prAsaMgika tathA arthapUrNa haiM jitane AThavIM zatI meM the| 'paumacariu' ke mahattvapUrNa nItivacana saMkSepa meM isa prakAra haiMvidyAdhara kANDa sAyaMkAla meM sarovara meM kumhalAye kamaladala ko dekhakara jinAdhipa kahate haiM - 1. pratyeka janma lenevAle jIva kI yahI dazA hogii| pUrvAhna meM jo jIvita dikhAI par3atA hai vahI aparAhna meM rAkha kA Dhera ho jAtA hai| jisa nara zreSTha ko lAkhoM loga praNAma karate haiM vahI prabhu marane para zmazAna meM le jAyA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra saMdhyA se yaha kamalavana, usI prakAra jarA se yauvana naSTa hotA hai| yama se jIva. agni se zarIra, samaya se zakti, vinAza se Rddhi nAza ko prApta hotI hai| 2. bhAgate, praNAma karate, sote, khAte tathA pAnI pIte huye zatru ko mAranA ucita nahIM hotA hai| 3. isa prakAra jInA cAhiye jisase kIrti phaile, isa prakAra haMsanA cAhiye jisase loga haMsI na ur3A skeN| isa prakAra bhoga karo ki dhana samApta na ho| isa prakAra lar3o ki zarIra ko saMtoSa prApta ho| isa prakAra tyAga karo ki punaH saMgraha na ho ske| isa prakAra bolo ki loga prazaMsA kreN| aise calo ki svajanoM ko IrSyA na utpanna ho| isa prakAra suno jisa prakAra guru ke pAsa raha sko| isa prakAra maro ki punaH garbhAvAsa meM na AnA pdd'e| isa prakAra tapa karo ki zarIra tapa jaaye| isa prakAra rAjya karo ki zatru jhuka jaaye| zatru se AMzakita hokara jIne se kyA lAbha? mAna se kalaMkita jIvana se kyA lAbha? dAna se rahita dhana se kyA lAbha? vaMza ko kalaMkita karanevAle putra se kyA lAbha? 4. ajJAnI ke kAnoM meM jinavacana, goThavastI ke AMgana meM uttama maNiratna, akulIna vyakti meM saikar3oM upakAra, caritrahIna vyakti ke lie vrata vyartha / 5. sAseM bahuta burI hotI haiM ve mahAsatiyoM ko bhI doSa lagA detI haiN| 6. sukavi kI kathA ke lie duSTa kI mati, kamalinI ke lie himaghana tathA apanI bahuoM ke lie duSTa sAseM svabhAva se zatru hotI haiN|' 7. sAsoM tathA bahuoM kA eka-dUsare ke prati baira anAdinibaddha hai| jisa dina pati isa bAta kA vicAra karegA, usa dina bahuta burA hogaa|' 8. snehahIna patnI se kyA lAbha? zatru ko jAnanevAlI kIrti se kyA lAbha? alaMkAra-vihIna sukavi kI kathA se kyA lAbha? kalaMka lagAnevAlI lar3akI se kyA lAbha? 9. zarIra kA nAza nahIM karanA caahiye| mRtyu, grahaNa aura jaya saba vIroM kI hotI hai| kevala palAyana karane se lajjita honA cAhiye jisase nAma aura gotra kalaMkita hotA hai|' ayodhyAkANDa 1. jo vyakti zastroM ko chor3akara caraNoM meM Akara giratA hai, usako mArane se kisI prakAra yaza prApta nahIM hogaa|
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI -9-10 103 2. brAhmaNa, bAlaka, gAya, pazu, tapasvI tathA strI ina chaha ko mAnakriyA chor3akara bacA denA caahiye| 3. apaNDitoM ke madhya eka pala bhI ThaharanA ucita nahIM hotA hai| 4. mAnava meM kucha aise vyasana hote haiM jinheM kAryarUpa meM pariNata karane se pApa lagatA hai, ye __ vyasana isa prakAra haiM- rAtri meM bhojana karate hue mAMsa-bhakSaNa karanA, madhu tathA madyapAna karanA, jIvoM kA vadha karanA, jhUTha bolanA, paradhana tathA parastrI meM anurakta honaa|' 5. lakSmI kisI ke sAtha eka kadama bhI nahIM gayI hai| 6. zatrutA kabhI naSTa nahIM hotI hai aura na hI jIrNa hotI hai| sAta janmAMtaroM taka Ahata vyakti ____ mAranevAle ko mAratA hai|' 7. paMcendriyAM khala kSudra pApa karanevAlI, nArakIya naraka meM praveza karanevAlI, roga-vyAdhi tathA du:khoM ko bulAnevAlI, ziva ke zAzvatagamana kA nivAraNa karanevAlI hai| rUpa se pataMga, rasa se machalI, zabda se mRga, gaMdha ke vaza se bhramara, sparza se matavAlA gaja vinAza ko prApta hotA hai parantu jo pAMcoM iMdriyoM kA sevana karatA hai usakA nistAra kahIM nahIM hotA hai| 8. jo vyakti madhu, madya tathA mAMsa kA parityAga karatA hai, chahoM nikAyoM ke jIvoM para dayA karatA hai tatpazcAt sallekhanApUrvaka mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai vaha mokSa mahApurI meM praveza karatA hai| jo prANI vadha karatA hai tathA madhu-mAMsa kI kathA kahatA hai- vaha caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM jAtA hai|" 9. jo manuSya rAtri bhojana chor3a detA hai vaha vimala zarIra tathA vimala gotra prApta karatA hai| jo sunA huA bhI nahIM sunatA, dekhA huA bhI nahIM dekhatA, kisI ke dvArA kahe gaye ko kisI se nahIM kahatA, bhojana meM mauna kA pAlana karatA hai vaha ziva ke lie zAzvata gamana ko dekhatA hai| 10. yadi rAjA pauruSahIna hai to usakA rAjA honA vyartha hai jisa prakAra dAna se, jisa prakAra sukavitva se, jisa prakAra zastra se, jisa prakAra kIrtana se, saba manuSyoM kI kIrti paribhramaNa karatI hai, jisa prakAra jinavara se bhuvana dhavala hote haiN| ina bAtoM meM se jise eka bAta bhI acchI nahIM lagatI hai vaha janmA hokara bhI mRta hai| vyartha hI use yama le jAtA 11. jo rAjA atyaMta sammAna karanevAlA hotA hai, vizvAsa karo ki vaha artha tathA sAmarthya kA haraNa karanevAlA hotA hai / jo mitra akAraNa ghara AtA hai vaha duSTa strI kA apaharaNa karanevAlA hotA hai / jo pathika mArga meM adhika sneha pradarzita karatA hai vaha snehahIna cora hotA hai| jo manuSya niraMtara cApalUsI karatA hai vaha jIva kA haraNa karanevAlA zatru hotA hai| jo kAminI kapaTapUrNa cATutA karatI hai vaha sirarUpI kamala ko kATanevAlI hotI hai| jo kulavadhU kasamoM se vyavahAra karatI hai vaha saikar3oM vidrUpatAyeM karanevAlI hotI hai jo
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________________ 104 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 kanyA hokara parapuruSa kA varaNa karatI hai vaha kyA bar3I hone para aisA karane se virata ho jaayegii| ina AThoM hI bAtoM meM jo mUDha manuSya vizvAsa karatA hai laukika dharma kI bhA~ti vaha zIghra paga-paga meM apriya pariNAma prApta karatA hai|0 . 12. akelA bhI siMha acchA, mRgasamUha acchA nhiiN| akelA bhI mRgalAMchana (caMdramA)acchA, parantu lAMchanarahita tArAsamUha acchA nhiiN| ratnAkara akelA hI acchA, vistAravAlA nadiyoM kA samUha acchA nhiiN| akelI Aga acchI, parantu girivara aura vRkSoM se sahita vana-samUha acchA nhiiN| suMdarakANDa 1. zaraNAgata kA AnA, baMdI ko pakar3anA, svAmI kA kArya tathA mitra kA parigraha, ina kaThina prasaMgoM meM jo saMgharSa nahIM karatA vaha zata-zata janmoM meM bhI zuddha nahIM ho sktaa| yuddhakANDa 1. apaharaNa kI huI bhI dUsare kI strI saMsAra meM apanI nahIM hotii| sajjana bhI yadi pratikUla calatA hai to vaha kA~TA hai, zatru bhI yadi anukUla calatA hai to vaha sagA bhAI hai kyoMki dUra utpanna bhI davAI zarIra ko roga se bAhara nikAla pheMkatI hai| 2. cora, jAra, sarpa, zatru tathA agni, ina cIjoM kI jo manuSya upekSA karatA hai vaha vinAza ko prApta hotA hai / 3. jo praNAma karate hue zatru ko mAratA hai vaha kSatriya kula meM Aga lagAtA hai| uttarakANDa 1. vAstava meM mRtyu usI kI hotI hai jo ahaMkAra meM pAgala hai tathA jIvadayA se dUra hotA hai, jo vrata tathA carita se hIna hotA hai; dAna tathA yuddhabhUmi meM jo dIna hotA hai; jo zaraNAgata aura baMdIjanoM kI giraphtArI meM, gAya ke apaharaNa meM, svAmI kA avasara par3ane para, mitroM ke saMgraha meM, apane parAbhava meM tathA dUsare ke duHkha meM kAma nahIM AtA, aise manuSya ke lie royA jAtA hai26 2. devatAoM, zramaNoM tathA brAhmaNoM ko kabhI pIr3A nahIM pahu~cAnI cAhiye / " 3. dhokhA denevAlA vyakti avazyambhAvI rUpa se duHkha pAtA hai / 4. krodha samasta anarthoM kA mUla hai| saMsArAvasthA kA bhI mUla krodha hai| krodha dayA-dharma ke vinAza kA mUla hai| krodha ghora pApa karmoM kA mUla hai| tInoM lokoM meM mRtyu kA kAraNa krodha hai| naraka meM praveza kA kAraNa bhI krodha hai| krodha sabhI jIvoM kA zatru hai| 'paumacariu' meM prayukta upamA-vidhAna' 'paumacariu' meM aneka sthaloM para kaI upamAe~ prayukta kI gaI haiM jo kisI bhI saMdarbha ko eka viziSTa artha to pradAna karatI haiM sAtha hI varNana ko AlaMkArika saundarya bhI pradAna karatI haiN|
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 105 'paumacariu' meM prayukta pramukha upamAe~ isa prakAra haiM - vidyAdharakANDa (1) siMhAsana para virAjamAna AdaraNIya vIra jina aise dikhAI diye jaise tribhuvana ke mastaka para sthita zivapura meM mokSa hI paristhita ho| (2) bhauMhoM se bhayaMkara Upara kI vizAla dRSTi se nIce kI dRSTi parAjita ho gayI mAno navayauvanavAlI caMcala citta kulavadhU sAsa ke dvArA DA~Ta dI gayI ho|" (3) eka dina samasta dharatI kA pAlana karanevAle sagara ko unakA caMcala ghor3A usI prakAra apaharaNa karake le gayA jisa prakAra jIva ko karma le jAtA hai| (4) toyadavAhana ne laMkApurI meM praveza kiyA tathA avicala rUpa se rAjya meM isa prakAra pratiSThita ho gayA jaise rAkSasavaMza kA pahalA aMkura phUTA ho| (5) are putroM, tuma pratirakSA nahIM karate, maiMne tumheM pAla-posakara bar3A kiyA, merA vaha samasta kleza vyartha calA gayA usI prakAra jaise pApiyoM ke madhya dharma kA vyAkhyAna / 34 (6) rAvaNa ke guNa-gaNoM meM anurakta, AyI huI ina vidyAoM se ghirA huA rAvaNa usI prakAra zobhita thA jaisai tArAoM se ghirA cNdrmaa| (7) nAyikA kA khilA huA mukhakamala aisA dikhAI detA hai jaise niHzvAsoM ke Amoda meM anurakta bhramara usake pAsa hoN| anubhUta suMgadha usakI nAsikA aisI pratIta hotI hai mAnoM netroM ke jala ke lie setubaMdha banA diyA gayA ho| sira ke kezoM se Acchanna lalATa aisA pratIta hotA hai mAno jaise caMdrabiMba navajaladhara meM nimagna ho (8) rAvaNa ne yama dvArA pheMke gaye tIroM kA usI prakAra nivAraNa kara diyA jaise dAmAda duSTa sasurAla kA karatA hai|" (9) sahasra kiraNa ne dUra se zatrubala ko isa prakAra roka liyA jisa prakAra jambUdvIpa samudrajala . ko roke hue hai| (10) kaTa cukA hai sira jisakA tathA jisake zarIra se rakta kI dhArAyeM uchala rahI haiM tathA pratiicchA rakhanevAlA bhaTa aisA dAruNa dikhAI detA hai jaise phAguna meM siMdUra se lAla sUrya ho| (11) manuSyoM ke dhar3a, hAtha tathA pairoM se samarabhUmi isa prakAra bhaMyakara ho uThI mAno rasoiye ne aneka prakAra se yama ke lie rasoI banAI ho| (12) aMjanA tathA vidyAdhara pratisUrya (aMjanA kA mAmA) ne harSapUrvaka eka-dUsare kA AliMgana kiyA, isa avasara para azrudhArA isa prakAra pravAhita hotI hai mAnoM karuNa mahArasa hI pIr3ita ho uThA ho / (13) pratisUrya se hanumAna kahate haiM mere jIvita hote tuma viruddhoM se yuddha kyoM lar3oge, kyA sUrya-caMdramA kiraNasamUha ke hote hue dharatI para Ate haiM ?42
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________________ 106 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 (14) hanumAna ko apanI senA ke sAtha rAvaNa ne isa prakAra dekhA mAno pUrNimA ke dina caMdramA ne Alokita kiraNoM se bhAsvara taruNa-taraNi ko dekhA ho| ayodhyAkANDa (1) dazaratha dvArA rAma ko yuvarAja pada dene kI ghoSaNA sunakara kaikeyI usI prakAra saMtapta ho uThatI hai jisaprakAra grISmakAla meM dharatI / (2) vanavAsa jAte samaya sItA apane bhavana kI zobhA kA apaharaNa karate hue nikalI jo mAno rAma ke lie duHkha kI utpatti aura rAvaNa ke lie vajra thii| ugatA huA sUrya-bimba isa prakAra zobhA detA hai ki jaise prabhA se yukta sukavi kA kAvya ho| nara zreSThoM ne sItA aura lakSmaNa sahita rAma ko isa prakAra praNAma kiyA mAno battIsoM iMdroM ke dvArA jinavara ko praNAma kiyA gayA ho|" svAmI rAma ke mArga se rAjA bharata usI prakAra calA jaise jIva ke pIche karma lagA ho| (6) lakSmaNa tathA rAma se vibhUSita sItAdevI vahA~ praveza karatI huI donoM pakSoM se samAna pUrNimA kI bhA~ti dikhAI dii| (7) lakSmaNa tathA rAma ke dhavalojjvala va zyAma zarIra ekAkAra ho gaye, mAno gaMgA tathA yamunA ke jala hoN| (8) donoM vIra eka hI Asana para baiTha gaye - usI prakAra jaise sUrya tathA caMdra AkAza ke A~gana meM sarovararUpI AkAzatala meM rAma tathA lakSmaNa donoM ne apanI patniyoM ke sAtha isa prakAra ramaNa kiyA mAno rohiNI tathA raNNA ke sAtha caMdra aura divAkara hoN| (10) rudrabhUti rAma-lakSmaNa tathA kUbara nareza ke sAtha jAnakI aisI pratIta ho rahIM thI jaise cAra samudroM se dharatI ghirI huI ho| (11) unhoMne jAnakIrUpI gaMgA se yukta rAjA kA AsthAnarUpI AkAza dekhA, nararUpI nakSatroM se ghirA huA tathA rAma aura lakSmaNarUpI sUrya-caMdramA se maNDita 4 (12) lakSmaNa patnIsahita rAma ke caraNoM meM isa prakAra gira par3ate haiM jaise dIpazikhA ke sAtha tama ho, jaise dAminI se gRhIta vyoma ho| suMdarakANDa (1) aMnagakusuma tathA paMkajarAgA ke madhya suMdara aMgoMvAle, kuvalayadala kI bhAMti dIrghanayanavAle hanumAna isa prakAra zobhita ho rahe the mAno donoM saMdhyAoM ke madhya meM parimita dina ho|
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 107 (2) hanumAna naMdana vana meM sItA ko kahate haiM - rAma tumhAre viyoga meM usI prakAra kSINa ho gaye haiM jaise cugalakhoroM kI bAtoM se saMjjana puruSa, kRSNapakSa meM caMdramA, siddhi kI AkAMkSA meM muni, khoTe rAjA se uttama deza, mUrkhamaNDalI meM kavi kA kAvya vizeSa, manuSyoM se varjita supaMtha kSINa ho jAtA hai|" (3) bhramarasamUha tathA viyoga-duHkha se saMtapta paramezvarI sItA isa prakAra pratIta ho rahI haiM mAno samasta nadiyoM ke madhya gaMgA nadI ho| hanumAna ne rAma dvArA bhejI gaI a~gUThI nIce girA dii| harSa kI poTalI kI bhA~ti vaha jAnakI kI goda meM A girii| (5) jisa prakAra prathamA vibhakti zeSa vibhaktiyoM se ghirI rahatI hai usI taraha maMdodarI rAvaNa kI dUsarI patniyoM se ghirI huI thii| (6) rAma ne, vaTa-per3a ke varoha kI bhA~ti vizAla apanI bhujAoM se hanumAna kA AliMgana kara liyaa| yuddhakANDa (1) aMgada rAma se kahatA hai - he deva, rAvaNa saMdhi nahIM karanA cAhatA, usI prakAra, jisa prakAra 'abhI' zabda ke IkAra kI svara ke sAtha saMdhi nahIM hotii| (2) IrSyA se bharakara nizAcara ne hanumAna ke Upara tIra saadhaa| hanumAna kA dhvaja usa tIra se biMdhakara isa prakAra dharatI para girA mAno AkAza rUpI strI kA hAra TUTa kara gira par3A ho| (3) rAvaNa ne jaba apanI caMdrahAsa talavAra nikAlI to aisA lagA mAno hajAroM sUryoM kA udaya ho gayA ho| (4) rAvaNa kI senA ne rAma kI senA kA rukha parivartita kara diyA mAno tUphAnI havAoM ne samudra-jala kI dizA badala dI ho| (5) bharata svayaM jinamaMdira meM gayA, jo zAzvata mokSa kA sthAna ho, tathA jo aisA pratIta ho rahA thA mAno svarga se koI vimAna hI A khaDA ho| uttarakANDa (1) sugrIva bhAmaNDala tathA bhaya ke madhya usI prakAra sthita ho gayA jisa prakAra uttara bhArata tathA dakSiNa bhArata ke madhya viMdhyAcala sthita hai|67 (2) samUcI yuddhabhUmi aura senA rAma tathA rAvaNa ke tIroM se usI prakAra saMtapta ho uThI jisa prakAra khoTe mArga para jAtI huI putriyoM se donoM kula pIr3ita ho uThate haiM / yuddhabhUmi meM lakSmaNa apanA ratha madhya meM karake isa prakAra sthita ho gayA mAno rAma kI vijaya hI Akara khar3I ho gayI ho| zokAkula rotI-visUratI huI striyoM se ghirA huA rAvaNa aisA jAna par3atA thA mAno nava-meghamAlAoM se viMdhyAcala saba ora se ghirA huA ho|
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________________ 108 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 (5) kaikeyIputra bharata ne namaskAra karate hue rAma ke caraNoM para apanA mastaka rakha diyA usa samaya aisA pratIta ho rahA thA mAno lAlakamaloM ke madhya nIlakamala rakhA huA ho|" (6) rAjA bharata, rAma, lakSmaNa tathA sItA ne eka sAtha ayodhyA meM isa prakAra praveza kiyA mAno dharma, puNya, vyavasAya aura lakSmI ne eka sAtha praveza kiyA ho| (7) rAma, sItA tathA lakSmaNa ne rAjakula meM praveza kiyaa| lakSmaNa gore, rAma zyAmavarNIya haiM tathA sItA kA raMga sunahalA thaa| sItA rAma tathA lakSmaNa ke madhya isa prakAra zobhita ho rahI thI mAno himAgiri tathA navameghoM ke madhya rAginI camaka rahI ho| (8) senApati ne yuddha meM zakti se zatru ko aisA Ahata kara diyA mAno rAta ne sUrya ko astakAlIna patana dikhAyA ho| (9) yuddhasthala meM donoM pakSoM ke niraMtara prahAra se tIrajAla aisA pravAhita ho uThA mAno himAcala tathA viMdhyAcala ke madhya meM sthita meghapravAha ho|' (10) tIroM se Ahata, lahuluhAna madhu rAjA gajavara para aisA laga rahA thA mAno phAguna ke mAha meM pahAr3a para palAza kA phUla khilA ho|' (11) rAma ke samIpa sItA devI usI prakAra sthita thIM jaise jinadharma meM jIvadayA pratiSThita hai|" (12) rAma lakSmaNa ko rokate haiM usa samaya aisA pratIta ho rahA thA mAno yamunA ke pravAha ko gaMgA kA pravAha roka letA hai| (13) zvetojjvala cakra lakSmaNa kI hathelI para isa prakAra zobhita ho rahA thA jaise kamala ke upara 'kamala' rakhA ho|" (14) paramezvarI paramasatI sItAdevI lakar3iyoM ke Dhera (agniparIkSA ke samaya) para isa prakAra pratIta ho rahI thIM mAno vrata tathA zIla ke Upara sthita hoN|10 (15) agniparIkSA ke samaya agni navakamaloM se yukta sarovara meM parivartita ho gyii| sarovara meM eka vizAla kamala uga AyA, sItA ko sura-vadhuoM ne svayaM usa kamalarUpI Asana para bitthaayaa| usa samaya sItA isa prakAra zobhita ho rahIM thIM mAno kamala ke Upara pratyakSa lakSmI hI virAjamAna hoN| (16) AryikAoM se ghirI huI sItA aisI laga rahIM thIM mAno tArAoM se alaMkRta dhruvatArA ho, pavitratA se AvRtta zAstra kI zobhA ho| mAno zAsanadevI hI utara AyIM hoN| 'paumacariu' meM varNita jainadharma tathA saMpradAya / - vidyAdharakANDa kI pahalI saMdhi meM svayaMbhU dvArA caubIsa parama jina tIrthaMkaroM kI vaMdanA kI gaI hai| vidyAdharakANDa kI pAMcavIM saMdhi meM paramajina mAgadha bhASA meM kahate haiM- mere samAna kevalajJAna se saMpUrNa eka hI RSabha bhaTTAraka hue haiM, tumhAre samAna chaha khaNDa dharatI kA svAmI narAdhipa
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 109 bharata, eka hI huA hai / tumheM chor3akara dasa rAjA aura hoMge, mere binA bAIsa tIrthaMkara aura hoNge| nau baladeva aura nau nArAyaNa, gyAraha ziva aura nau pratinArAyaNa / aura bhI unasaTha purANa puruSa jinazAsana meM hoNge| isake atirikta dUsarI saMdhi meM eka paMkti meM digambara saMpradAya kI ora bhI iMgita kiyA gayA hai- AkAza se devavANI hotI hai-are kUTa, kapaTI, nigraMtha kApuruSa, paramArtha ko nahIM jAnanevAloM, tuma janma-jarA aura mRtyu tInoM ko jalAnevAle mahARSiyoM ke isa veSa ko dhAraNakara phala mata tor3o, pAnI mata piyo, anyathA digambaratva chor3a do| ayodhyAkANDa meM paccIsavIM saMdhi ke aMtargata rAma, sItA tathA lakSmaNa ke dvArA bIsa jinavaroM-RSabhanAtha, ajitanAtha, saMbhavanAtha, abhinaMdana, sumatinAtha, padmaprabha, supArzvanAtha, candraprabha, puSpadaMta, zItalanAtha, zreyAMsanAtha, vAsupUjya, vimalanAtha, anaMtanAtha, dharmanAtha, zAMtinAtha, kunthunAtha, arahanAtha, mallinAtha, munisuvrata kI abhyarthanA kI gaI hai| isI kANDa meM battIsavIM saMdhi ke aMtargata rAma sItA ko avagata karAte haiM- jinavaroM ko kina-kina vRkSoM ke tale jJAna kI prApti huii| vizAla pIpala ke tale RSabhanAtha ko, satyavanta vRkSa ke tale ajitanAtha ko, iMdravRkSa ke tale saMbhavanAtha ko, sarala vRkSa ke tale abhinaMdana ko, priyaMgu vRkSa tale sumatinAtha, sAlavRkSa ke tale padmaprabha, zirISa vRkSa tale supArzva ko, nAga vRkSa ke nIce caMdraprabha, mAlatI vRkSa ke nIce puSpadaMta, kalpavRkSa ke nIce zItalanAtha tathA zreyAMsanAtha ko, pATalI vRkSa tale vAsupUjya, jambU vRkSa tale vimalanAtha tathA azvattha vRkSa tale anaMtanAtha, dadhivarNa vRkSa ke nIce kunthunAtha tathA naMdI vRkSa ke nIce arahanAtha, azoka vRkSa tale mallinAtha, campaka vRkSa ke nIce munisuvrata ko jJAna prApta huA thaa| ___isI kANDa kI ar3atIsavIM saMdhi ke aMtargata avalokinI vidyA dvArA rAma-lakSmaNa kA varNana jainadharmAnusAra triSaSThizalAkA puruSa ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai- vAsudeva ora baladeva se balapUrvaka sItA kA apaharaNa kauna kara sakatA hai? ye tresaTha mahApuruSoM meM se haiM jo yahA~ vanAntara meM pracchanna rUpa se raha rahe haiN| jinavara caubIsa, Adhe arthAt bAraha cakravartI, nava baladeva, nau nArAyaNa tathA nau prtinaaraann| unameM se ye AThaveM baladeva aura vAsudeva haiN|" cAlIsavIM saMdhi meM tIrthaMkara munisuvrata kI vaMdanA kI gaI hai| isI kANDa kI ikatAlIsavIM saMdhi meM jainadharma ke niyamoM kI ora yaha varNita karate hue iMgita kiyA gayA hai ki - jinavara ke zAsana meM pAMca cIjeM atyaMta viruddha aura avizuddha mAnI gayI haiN| inase jIva nityarUpa se durgati meM jAtA hai1. chaha nikAya ke jIvoM kA vadha krnaa| 2. mithyAvAda meM jaanaa| 3. dUsare kA dhana le lenaa| 4. parakalatra kA sevana kiyA jaanaa| 5. gRhadvAra ko pramANa liyA jaanaa|
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________________ 110 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 ina cIjoM se jIva ko bhavasaMsAra meM ghUmanA par3atA hai| paraloka meM bhI sukha nahIM hai tathA isa loka meM apayaza kI patAkA phailatI hai| strI sundara nahIM hotI isake rUpa meM yamanagarI hI A gayI hai| ___ isake atirikta bhI kucha sthaloM para rAma-lakSmaNa ke lie jaina dharmAnusAra baladeva-vAsudeva vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, yathA(1) vAsueva - balaeva dhnnuddhaar| - 2. 21.1 (2) hari - valaeva paDhukkiya tettaha~ / - 2. 21. 13 (3) taM visuNevi valeNa pjmpiu| -2. 23. 3 (4) vAsueva-valaeva mhbbl| -2. 23. 1 (5) puNu saMcalla ve vi vlev-vaasuev| -2. 25. 7 (6) kiM vambhANu bhANu hari halaharu / -2. 25. 18 (7) jaM ciNhai~ vala-NArAyaNa huN| -2. 27. 8 (8) taM vayaNu suNeppiNu atula-valu 'suNu' lakkhaNa pacaviu eva vlu| -2. 27. 9 (9) oe bhavaTThama isa vAsueva vlev| -2. 38. 7 suMdarakANDa valaevaM sara-sandhANu kiu| -2. 43. 18 paiMtAlIsavIM saMdhi meM rAma ko AThaveM nArAyaNa ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai rAma hI vaha AThaveM nArAyaNa haiM jo rAvaNa ke lie aSTamI ke caMdra kI taraha vakra haiM / mAyA-. sugrIva kA jisane vadha kiyA use hI AThavAM nArAyaNa kahA gayA hai| . jainadharma meM ahiMsA kA vizeSa mahatva hai| cauvanavIM saMdhi meM ahiMsA dharma ke dasa aMgoM ke bAre meM batAyA gayA hai - (1) jIva dayA meM tatpara honA caahiye| (2) mArdava dikhAnA caahiye| (3) saralacitta honA caahiye| (4) atyaMta lAghava se jInA caahiye| (5) tapazcaraNa karanA caahiye| (6) saMyama dharma kA pAlana karanA caahiye| (7) kisI se yAcanA nahIM karanI caahiye| (8) brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA caahiye| (9) satyavrata kA pAlana karanA caahiye| (10) mana meM samasta bAtoM kA parityAga karanA caahiye|
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 111 ina samasta dharmoM ko jAnanA cAhiye, isI se sukha kI prApti hotI hai tathA icchita phala milatA hai, gRha tathA parijana anukUla hote haiN| isake binA saba vimukha ho jAte haiN|" yuddhakANDa ikahattaravIM saMdhi meM rAvaNa jaina muni zAMtinAtha kA abhivaMdana karatA hai; isa vaMdanA se yaha abhivyakta hotA hai ki rAvaNa muni ke saguNa rUpayukta hone ke sAtha hI unake nirguNa rUpa kI carcA karatA hai| bahattaravIM saMdhi meM bhI rAvaNa dvArA zAMti jinAlaya meM bhagavAna zAMtinAtha kI abhyarthanA ko darzAyA gayA hai| isake atirikta sattaravIM saMdhi meM bhI rAma-lakSmaNa hetu baladeva tathA vAsudeva zabda kA prayoga milatA haiM Nihae~ vAsueva-balaeveM / - 4.7.10 uttarakANDa . aThahattaravIM saMdhi meM rAma ne sItA-lakSmaNa tathA anucaroM sahita zAMtinAtha bhagavAna kI stuti kI hai| - assIvIM saMdhi meM jainadharma ke maMtroM kA ullekha diyA gayA hai - jo bhavyajanoM ke lie dharma kI zubhadhArA hai usane aise pAMca NamokAra maMtra kA uccAraNa kiyA, arahaMta bhagavAna ke sAta una varNoM kA uccAraNa kiyA jo saba sukhoM ke Adi nirmAtA haiM, phira usane siddha bhagavAna ke pA~ca varNoM kA uccAraNa kiyA jo zAzvata siddhi ko dete haiM, phira usane AcArya ke sAta varNoM kA uccAraNa kiyA jo parama AcaraNa ke vicAraka haiM, phira usane upAdhyAya ke nau varNoM kA uccAraNa kiyA aura sarvasAdhuoM ke nau varNoM kA uccAraNa kiyA jo saMsAra ke bhaya ko dUra karate haiN| isa prakAra paiMtIsa akSara, jo zAstrarUpI samudra kI paramparAe~ banAte haiM, jo viSa ke samAna viSama viSayoM kA nAza karate haiM tathA jo mokSanagarI ke dvAroM kA udghATana karate haiM ve zubhagati pradAna kreN| ikyAsIvIM saMdhi meM sItA kI icchAnusAra rAma jina bhagavAna kI pUjA karate haiN| pacAsIvIM saMdhi meM rAma ke lie vAsudeva zabda prayukta huA hai|" sattAsIvIM saMdhi meM AdaraNIya RSabhanAtha kI caraNabhakti nirguNa DhaMga se kI gaI hai- jo sacarAcara dharatI ko chor3akara tInoM lokoM ke Upara virAjamAna haiN| jinakA nAma ziva, zambhu aura jinezvara haiM, devadeva mahezvara haiM, jo jina, jineMdra, kAlaMjaya, zaMkara, sthANu, hiraNyagarbha, tIrthaMkara, vidhu, svayaMbhU, saddharma,svayaMprabhu, bharata, aruha, arahaMta, jayaprabha, sUri, jJAnalocana, tribhuvanaguru, kevalI, rudra, viSNu, hara, jagadguru, sUkSmasukha, nirapekSa parampara, paramANu parampara, aguru, alaghu, niraMjana, niSkala, jagamaMgala, niravayava aura nirmala hai| ina nAmoM se jo bhuvanatala meM devatAoM, nAgoM tathA manuSyoM ke dvArA saMstutya haiM, tuma una parama AdaraNIya RSabhanAtha ke caraNayugaloM kI bhakti meM apane ko DubA do| - aTThAsIvIM saMdhi meM lakSmaNa ke lie AThaveM vAsudeva zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai|"
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________________ 112 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 'paumacariu' meM guMjAyamAna saMgIta tathA nRtya vidyAdharakANDa (1) dUsarI saMdhi, abhiSeka ke prAraMbha hone kI bherI bajA dI gyii| devoM ke anucaroM ke hAthoM se tar3ita paTaha bhI bajane lge| kisI ne cAra prakAra ke maMgaloM kI ghoSaNA kii| kisI ne svara-pada aura tAla se yukta gAna prArambha kara diyaa| kisI ne suMdara vAdya bajAyA jo bAraha tAla aura solaha akSaroM se yukta thaa| kisI ne bharata nATya prArambha kiyA jo ATha bhAvoM se yukta thaa| kisI ne bar3e-bar3e stotra prArambha kara diye| kisI ne veNu, kisI ne vara vINA le lii| koI vINA ke svara meM lIna ho gyaa|00 AThavIM saMdhi meM batAyA gayA hai ki rathanUpura nagara ke rAjA sahasrAra ne apanI gAyikAoM ke nAma iMdra kI gAyikAoM ke nAma ke AdhAra para rakhe the jaise- urvazI, rambhA, tilottamA ityaadi| (2) terahavIM saMdhi ke aMtargata rAvaNa kI gAyana vidyA ko varNita kiyA gayA hai - pUjA karane ke bAda rAvaNa ne apanA gAna prArambha kiyaa| vaha gAna mUrcchanA, krama, kampa aura trigAma, SaDja, RSabha, gAMdhAra, madhyama, paMcama, dhaivata tathA niSAda ina saptasvaroM se yukta thaa| madhura, sthira tathA logoM ko vaza meM karane meM samartha apanI vINA se rAvaNa ne madhura gaMdharva gAna kiyaa|102 vaha saMgIta alaMkArasahita susvara, vidagdha tathA suhAvanA thA, surati tattva kI taraha Aroha, avaroha, sthAyI tathA saMcArI bhAvoM se paripUrNa thaa| TIkA, rAga yukta thaa| maMdatAra tathA tAnayukta thaa| jyA aura jIvana sahita thA tathA rAgavizeSa thaa|103 unnIsavIM saMdhi meM bhI eka gaMdharva dvArA gAye jAne vAle gaMdharvamAna kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 104 (3) battIsavIM saMdhi ke aMtargata rAma kA vINA-vAdana, sItA kA nRtya tathA lakSmaNa kA gAna vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai - rAma sughoSa nAma kI vINA bajAte haiM jo munivaroM ke cittoM ko bhI calAyamAna kara detI hai jo rAmapurI meM pUtana yakSa dvArA saMtuSTa hokara unheM dI gayI thii| lakSmaNa lakSaNoM se yukta gIta gAte haiM / sAtoM hI svara tIna grAma tathA svbhedyukt| ikkIsa varamUrcchanAoM ke sthAna tathA unacAsa svara tAneM / tAla-vitAla para sItA nAcatI haiM / vaha nava rasa aura ATha bhAvoM, dasa dRSTiyoM tathA bAIsa layoM ko jAnatI haiM ki jo bharata muni ke dvArA bharata nATyazAstra meM gaveSita haiN| sItA apanI cauMsaTha bhujAoM kA pradarzana karatI huI bhAvapUrvaka nRtya karatI haiN| ..2.32.8 1. caubIsavIM saMdhi meM lorI gIta kA pracalana dikhAyA gayA hai tathA isakA rUpa batAte huye kahA ___ gayA hai ki - 'ho ho' lorI gIta gAye jA rahe the| 2.24.13 ayodhyAkANDa 2. chabbIsavIM saMdhi, maMcoM para AlApinI baja rahI hai tathA hiMdola rAga gAyA jA rahA hai / 105
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 113 suMdarakANDa paiMtAlIsavIM saMdhi, lakSmInagara meM bhUpAla rAga meM gAna ho rahA thaa|06 yuddhakANDa ekahattaravIM saMdhi meM saMgIta ko varNita karate hue kahA gayA hai- bhauMda, naMdI, muMdaga, huDDakka, Dhakka, kAhala, sarUa, bherI, jhallarI, daDikka, hAtha kI kartAra saddadura, khukkaDa, tAla, zaMkha aura saMghaDa, DauNTha, Dakka, TaTTarI, jhuNukka, bhamma, kiGkarI, vavIsa, vaMza, kaMsa tathA tIna prakAra ke svara vahA~ bajAye gye| pravINa, vINa tathA pAviyA prabhRti paTahoM kI dhvani ati suhAvanI pratIta ho rahI thii| uttama aMganAyeM nRtya kara rahIM thiiN| rAvaNa ne svayaM vAdya bajAkara maMgala-gAna gaayaa|107 bahattaravIM saMdhi meM vAdya yaMtroM kA nAmollekha kiyA gayA hai- dar3I, dardura, paTaha, trivilA, DhaDDhDaDhDaharI, jhallarI, bhambha, bhammIsa, kaMsAla, murava, DhaDhiya, dhumukka, Dhakka, zreSTha huDukka, paNava, ekkapANi prabhRti / 108 uttarakANDa ____ aTThahattaravIM saMdhi meM utsAha maMgala tathA dhavala gItoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / katthaka nRtya kA ullekha bhI kramazaH AyA hai / '09 unnAsIvIM saMdhi meM puna: katthaka zabda prayukta huA tathA bAMsurI kA ullekha AyA hai| yahA~ para bayAlIsa svaroM kI dhvaniyoM, vicitra mallaphor3a svaroM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 10 sattAsIvIM saMdhi meM rAvaNa kI mRtyu para kiMkartavyavimUDha hokara usake aMta:pura kI suMdara striyA~ duHkhAkula hokara vividha ceSTAyeM karatI haiN| koI nRtya kara rahI haiM, koI vINA bajA rahI hai tathA koI gaMdharva-rAga gA rahI haiN|11 'paumacariu' meM vyAkhyAyita arthazAstra vidyAdharakANDa kI cauthI saMdhi meM kara-vyavasthA kA varNana milatA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki 8vIM zatI meM bhI kara-vyavasthA pracalita thii| 'paumacariu' meM isa vyavasthA kA ullekha ApasI vAda-vivAda ke saMdarbha meM AyA hai rAjA bharata ke maMtrigaNa podanapura nareza bAhubali se krodhita hokara kahate haiM-yadyapi yaha bhUmimaNDala tumheM pitA ke dvArA diyA gayA hai parantu isakA ekamAtra phala bahuciMtA hai| binA kara diye grAma, sImA, khala aura kSetra to kyA? sarasoM ke barAbara dharatI bhI tumhArI nahIM hai|12 ___ayodhyAkANDa meM aThAIsavIM saMdhi meM artha kI mahattA kA varNana karate huye eka brAhmaNa lakSmaNa se kahatA hai- saMsAra meM dhana kA sammAna kauna nahIM karatA? jisa prakAra lakSmI ke ghara meM AnaMda hotA hai artha vaisA AnaMda detA hai / artha vilAsiniyoM ke samUha ko priya hotA hai / artharahita manuSya chor3a diyA jAtA hai| artha paNDita hai, guNavAna hai / artharahita manuSya mAMgatA huA ghUmatA hai| artha kAmadeva hai, artha vizva meM subhaga hai| artharahita manuSya dIna tathA durbhaga hotA hai| artha apanI icchAnusAra rAjya kA bhoga karatA hai| artharahita vyakti hetu koI kAma nahIM haiN| 13
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________________ 114 apabhraMza bhAratI -9-10 'paumacariu' meM abhivyaMjita 'rAjanItizAstra' vidyAdharakANDa kI solahavIM saMdhi meM maMtriyoM tathA unakI saMkhyA para carcA kI gayI hai| isa sambandha meM vibhinna vyakti apanI rAya prakaTa karate haiM ki maMtrimaMDala meM kitane maMtrI hone caahiye| pArAzara kahate haiM- do maMtrI honA ucita hai| eka maMtrI se rAjya kArya nahIM hotA / nArada kahate haiM, do bhI nahIM hone caahiye| eka-dUsare se milakara anucita salAha de sakate haiM / kauTilya kahate haiM- isameM kyA saMdeha hai, tIna yA cAra maMtriyoM kI saMkhyA ucita hai| manu ke anusAra - eka, do yA tIna maMtriyoM se kArya-siddhi nahIM hotI ataH bAraha maMtriyoM kI saMkhyA ucita hai| bRhaspati ke anusAra solaha maMtrI ucita haiN| bhRgunaMdana ke anusAra - bIsa hone para kArya binA kaSTa ke vivekapUrNa hotA hai / iMdra kahate haiM - eka hajAra maMtriyoM ke binA kaisA maMtra? eka se dUsare ko buddhi hotI hai tathA binA kisI kaSTa ke kArya kI siddhi ho jAtI hai|14 / yaddhakANDa kI sattaravIM saMdhi meM rAjanItizAstra ke mAdhyama se tathyoM ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai - rAjanItizAstra isa tathya kA nirUpaNa karatA hai ki akuzala logoM se kuzala logoM ko nahIM lar3anA caahiye| rAjA ko apane zAsana meM pUrNatayA ruci lenI caahiye| zatrusenA ko balazAlI dekhakara usase dara rahanA caahiye| yadi senA samAna stara kI ho to thoDA-sA yaddhAbhyAsa kara lenA caahiye| yadi senA bar3I hai to samarpaNa kara denA ThIka hai kyoMki bar3A rAjA choTe rAjA po dabA detA hai| isaliye avasara dekhakara hI koI kadama uThAnA ucita hogaa| sajjana logoM ke sa lar3anA bhI ucita nhiiN| prayatnapUrvaka taMtra ko bacAnA caahiye| 'arthazAstra' meM pRthvImaMDala ke ye hI kArya nirUpita haiN|15 'paumacariu' meM varNita vanaspatizAstra vidyAdhara kANDa kI prathama saMdhi meM dADima, ketakI, pAna tathA supAr3I kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tIsarI saMdhi meM punnAga, nAga, karpUra, kekola, elA, lavaMga, madhumAlatI, mAtuliMgI, viDaMga, mariyalla, jIra, uccha, kuMkuma, kuDaMga, navatilaka, padmAkSa, rudrAkSa, drAkSA, khajUra, jaMbIrI, ghana, panasa, nimba, har3atAla, Dhauka, bahuputrajIvikA, saptacchada, agasta, dadhivarNa, naMdI, maMdAra, kunda, indu, sindUra, sindI, vara, pATalI, poppalI, nArikela, karamandI, kaMdhArI, karimara, karIra, kanera, karNavIra, mAlUra, tarala, zrIkhaNDa, zrIsAmalI, sAla, sarala, hiMtAla, tAla, tAlI, tamAla, jambU, Amra, kaMcana, kadamba, bhUrja, devadAru, riTTha, cAra, kauzamba, sadya, koraNTa, koMja, accaiya, jUhI, jAsavaNa, mallI, ketakI tathA jAtakI vRkSoM kA ullekha AyA hai| caudahavIM saMdhi meM kedAra, azoka, mAlatImAlA, pATala, pUgaphala, bakula kA ullekha AyA hai| ___ ayodhyAkANDa kI teIsavIM saMdhi meM pAna kA prasaMga AyA hai| battIsavIM saMdhi meM pIpala, satyavaMta, iMdravRkSa, sarala, priyaMgu, sAla, zirISa, nAga, mAlatI, kalpavakSa, azvattha, dadhivarNa, campaka vRkSoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ar3atIsavIM saMdhi meM ziMzapA vRkSa kA nAma AyA hai| suMdarakANDa kI unacAsavIM saMdhi meM mallikA, kaMkelI, lavalIlatA, nAraMga, caMpA, tilaka, mAlUra mAtuliMga, mAlUra, dAkha, khajUra, buMda, devadAru, kapUra, vaTa, karIra, khaira, elA, kakkola,
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 115 sumanda, caMdana, vaMdana, sAhAra, kanera, vRkSoM kA nAmollekha kiyA gayA hai| ikyAvanavIM saMdhi meM ilAyacI tAr3a, saptavarNa, nidhyAta, nAga, viDaMga, samuttuMga, saptacchada, raktacaMdana, haldI, atimukta, tAlela, zAla, vizAlAMjana, vaMjula, niMba, maMdAra, kuMdeMda, sasarja, arjuna, surataru, kadalIkadaMba, jambIra, jambUmbara, limba, kozambha, khajUra, kayUra, tArUra, nyagrodha, tilaka, nAgacellI, vayA, puphphalI, ketakI, mAdhavI, saphanasa, lavalI, zrIkhaNDa, maMdAguru, itthika, sihilakA, puvajIva, ariSTa, kojaya, nArikela, vaI, haraDa, haritAla, kaccAla, lAvaMjaya, pikka, baMdhUra, koraSTa, vANikSa, veNu, tisaMjhA, mirI, allakA, ciMcA, madhU, kaNiyArI, sellU, karIra, karaMja, amalI, kaMgunI, kaMcanA, pArijAta, kA ullekha AyA hai| yuddhakANDa - sattaravIM saMdhi meM kuMda, zatapatra, harasiMgAra, bela, varatilaka, damaNa, marua, pikkA puSpoM kA ullekha huA hai| uttarakANDa - ikyAsIvIM saMdhi meM tAlI, maulazrI, tilaka, sajjana, arjuna, dhAya, dhava, dhAmana, hiMtAla, aMjana, ciMcaNI, capi, bA~sa, viSa, beMta, vaMdana, timira, tAmrAkSa, siMbhalI, sallakI, sela, mAliya, kakkolaya, samI, sAmarI, zani, zIzA, pADalI, poulI, vAhava, maDavA, mAlUra, bahumokSa, siMdI, bahuvRkSa, kosama, jAmuna, khiMkhaNI, rAiNI, toriNI, tumbara, nAriyala, karaMjAla, dAmiNI, kRtavAsana, paiulla TesU, vRkSoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 'paubhacariu' meM varNita pazu tathA pakSI vidyAdharakANDa - tIsarI saMdhi meM meSa, mahiSa, vRSabha, hAthI, takSaka, rIcha, mRga, zambara, karabha, varAha, azva, haMsa, mayUra, zazaka, hariNa, vAnara, bAgha, gaja, geMDA, garur3a, krauMca, kAraNDavapara, zuMzumAra, matsya kA ullekha huA hai / 'AThavIM saMdhi meM siyAra tathA kauA kA nAma AyA hai| terahavIM saMdhi meM meMDhaka tathA caudahavIM meM koyala kA ullekha huA hai| uttarakANDa - ikyAsIvIM saMdhi meM DA~sa, macchara, siMha, zarabha, magara, suara, hAthI, ullU, ajagara, cIMTI, dImaka, zRgAla, aliyalli; tirAsIvIM saMdhi meM bher3iyA, navAsIvIM saMdhi meM tote kA ullekha huA hai| 'paumacariu' meM varNita vyAkaraNa zAstra ayodhyAkANDa, sattAIsavIM saMdhi meM prakRti ko pratIka banAkara vyAkaraNika prayoga kiyA gayA hai, draSTavya hai - rAma, lakSmaNa vana meM praveza karate haiM, unheM vaTa vRkSa dikhAI detA hai jo mAno guru (upAdhyAya) kA rUpa dhAraNakara pakSiyoM ko suMdara svara-akSara par3hA rahA ho| kauA aura kisalaya 'ka-kA' uccAraNa karate haiM / vAulI vihaMga 'ki-kI' kahate haiM / vanamurgA 'ku-kU' kA uccAraNa karate haiM aura bhI mayUra 'ke-kai' kahatA hai| koyala 'ko-kau' pukAratI hai| cAtaka 'kaM-kaH' uccAraNa karate haiN|16 yuddhakANDa - aTThAvanavIM saMdhi meM eka ukti hai jo vyAkaraNa se bhI saMbaMdhita hai, draSTavya hai - ojahIna bAtoM se maiM utanA hI dUra hU~ jisa prakAra vyAkaraNa sunanevAle aura saMdhi karanevAloM se UdantAdi nipAta dUra rahate haiN|"
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________________ 116 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 isI saMdhi meM eka yoddhA vyAkaraNika DhaMga se apanA paricaya detA hai - yadi tuma 'ca' zabda ho to maiM usake lie samAsa huuN|18 isI saMdhi meM aMgada vApasa Akara rAma-lakSmaNa se kahatA hai ki rAvaNa usI prakAra saMdhi nahIM karanA cAhatA jisa prakAra 'abhI' zabda ke IkAra kI svara ke sAtha saMdhi nahIM hotii| isI kANDa meM causaThavIM saMdhi meM bhI yuddhasthala tathA sainikoM ko vyAkaraNika pratIka banAkara prastuta kiyA gayA hai, draSTavya hai - apane-apane vAhanoM ke sAtha, ve senAyeM aise bhir3a gayIM mAnoM vyAkaraNa ke sAdhyamAna pada hI Apasa meM bhir3a gaye hoN| jaise vyAkaraNa ke sAdhyamAna padoM meM ka kha ga Adi vyajanoM kA saMgraha hotA hai usI prakAra senAoM ke pAsa lAMgUla Adi astra the| jaise vyAkaraNa meM kriyA aura padaccheda Adi hote haiM usI prakAra senAoM meM yuddha ho rahA thaa| jaise vyAkaraNa meM saMdhi tathA svara hote haiM usI prakAra senA meM svarasaMdhAna ho rahA thaa| jaise vyAkaraNa meM pratyaya vidhAna hotA hai usI prakAra una senAoM meM yuddhAnuSThAna ho rahA thaa| jaise vyAkaraNa meM, 'pra-parA' Adi upasarga hote haiM usI prakAra senAoM meM ghora bAdhAyeM A rahIM thiiN| jaise vyAkaraNa meM jaz Adi pratyaya hote haiM usI prakAra una donoM senAoM meM 'yaza' (jaz) kI icchA thii| jisa prakAra vyAkaraNa meM pada-pada para lopa hotA hai usI prakAra senAoM meM zatrulopa kI hor3a macI huI thii| jaise vyAkaraNa meM ekavacana-bahuvacana hotA hai vaise hI una senAoM meM bahuta-sI dhvaniyA~ ho rahI thiiN| jisa prakAra vyAkaraNa artha se ujjvala hotA hai usI prakAra senAyeM zastroM se ujjvala thIM tathA eka-dUsare ke bala-abala ko jAnatI thiiN| jisa prakAra vyAkaraNa meM 'nyAsa' kI vyavasthA hotI hai usI prakAra senA meM bhI thii| jisa prakAra vyAkaraNa meM bahuta sI bhASAoM kA astitva hai usI prakAra senAoM meM taraha-taraha kI bhASAyeM bolI jA rahIM thiiN| jaise vyAkaraNa meM zabdoM kA nAza hotA hai vaise hI senAoM meM vinAzalIlA macI huI thii| una senAoM kA lagabhaga vyAkaraNa ke samAna AcaraNa thaa| donoM ke carita meM nipAta thA. vyAkaraNa meM Adi nipAta thaa| senA meM yoddhA aMta meM dharAzAyI ho rahe the|120 'paumacariu' meM varNita dyUtakrIr3A suMdarakANDa kI paiMtAlIsavIM saMdhi meM kiSkiMdha nagara kA varNana karate hue usI saMdarbha meM kahA gayA hai- usI nagara meM kahIM jue ke pAse par3e huye the jo nATyagRha aura tamAze ke samAna the| yuddhakANDa - bAsaThavIM saMdhi meM maMdodarI kA pitA maya apane agale dina kI raNayojanA ko dyUta pratIkoM ke rUpa meM apanI patnI se kahatA hai - kala maiM bahuta bar3A juA (spharadyUta) kheluuNgaa| bhayaMkara raNadyUta (kaDitta) racAU~gA aura usameM apane amUlya jIvana kI bAjI lagA duuNgaa| cAra dizAoM meM caturaMga senA ko lagA dU~gA, khar3iyA miTTI se lakIra khIcU~gA (khaDiyA jutti), maiM zatru ke zreSTha rathoM ko Ahata kara dUMgA, talavAra rUpI pAsA (katti) apane hAtha meM lekara jayazrI kI eka laMbI lakIra khIMca duuNgaa| subhaToM ke dhar3oM ko ikaTThA karU~gA tathA zatruoM ko isa prakAra khIcU~gA ki unake pAMva hI na raha jaayeN| maiM daNDasahita sAkSAt yamarAja huuN|122
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________________ 117 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 'paumacariu' meM varNita bhaugolikatA vidyAdharakANDa - prathama saMdhi meM jambUdvIpa, sumeru parvata; dUsarI saMdhi meM ayodhyA, prayAga; pAMcavIM saMdhi meM gaMgA nadI, sAketa nagara kA ullekha huA hai| inameM se ayodhyA tathA jambUdvIpa kA prayoga ekAdhika sthaloM para huA hai| ___ayodhyAkANDa, chabbIsavIM saMdhi meM gaMgA-yamunA nadI, kokaNa, malaya aura pANDaya deza, dakSiNa deza; ikatIsavIM saMdhi meM godAvarI nadI, battIsavIM saMdhi meM jambUdvIpa, chattIsavIM saMdhi meM kRSNA nadI tathA krauMca nadI, ar3atIsavIM saMdhi meM dakSiNa lavaNasamudra tathA jambUdvIpa kA, cAlIsavIM saMdhi meM revA nadI kA ullekha huA hai| aTThAnavIM saMdhi meM kuzadvIpa, cIravAhana, vajjara cIna, chohAra deza, barbara, kula yavana, suvarNadvIpa, velaMdhara, haMsa tathA subeladvIpa evaM vijayArdha parvata kA ullekha huA hai| suMdarakANDa - cavAlIsavIM saMdhi meM jambUdvIpa kA, ar3atAlIsavIM saMdhi meM kAverI nadI kA, chappanavIM saMdhi meM punaH jambUdvIpa kA varNana huA hai| yuddhakANDa - unahattaravIM saMdhi meM ujjaina, pAriyAtra tathA mAlava janapadoM kA, ikahattaravIM saMdhi meM karnATaka, lATa deza, saurASTra deza, mAlava deza tathA mahArASTra kA, tihattaravIM saMdhi meM baMgadeza kA varNana huA hai| 1. 'paumacariu', 1.5.2 / 2. vahI, 1.7.9 / 3. vahI, 1.7.121 4. 'paumacariu' 1.8.8 / 5. vahI, 1.19.4. / 6. . vahI, 1.19.4 / 7. vahI, 1.19.5 / 8. vahI, 1.19.5 / 9. vahI, 1.20.11 10. vahI, 2.27.91 11. vahI, 2.27.141 12. vahI 13. 'paumacariu', 2.31.2 / 14. vahI, 2.33.51 15. vahI, 2.33.7 /
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________________ 118 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 16. vahI, 2.33.12 / 17. vahI, 2.34.84 / 18. vahI, 2.34.81 19. 'paumacariu', 2.36.5 / 20. vahI, 2.36.131 21. vahI, 2.38.2 / / 22. vahI, 3,47.61 23. 'paumacariu', 4.57.1 / 24. vahI, 4.71.12 / 25. vahI, 4.71.13 / 26. vahI, 5.77.2 / 27. vahI, 5.80.11 28. vahI, 5.88.31 29. vahI, 5.89.101 30. 'paumacariu', 1.1.8 / 31. vahI, 1.4.9 / 32. vahI, 1.5.31 33. vhii,1.5.8| 34. vahI, 1.9.9 / 35. vahI, 1.9.12 / 36. vahI, 1.10.31 37. vahI, 1.11.111 38. vahI, 1.15.3 / 39. 'paumacariu', 1.17.12 / 40. vahI, 1.17.13 / 41. vahI, 1.19.10 / 42. vahI, 1.20.11 43. vahI, 1.20.2 / 44. vahI, 2.22.6 /
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI 9-10 45. vahI, 2.23.6 / 46. vahI, 2.23.12 1 47. vahI 48. vahI, 2.24.8 49. 'paumacariu' 2.24.111 - 50. vahI, 2.26.1 / 51. vahI, 2.26.10 1 52. vahI, 2.26.14 I 53. vahI, 2.27.101 54. vahI, 2.28.10 1 55. vahI, 2,29.8 1 56. vahI 3.45.51 57. 'paumacariu', 3.45.15 1 58. vahI, 3.49.9 / 59. vahI 60. vahI, 3.49.201 61. vahI, 3.55.12 62. vahI, 4.58.15 / 63. vahI 4.64.12 / 64. vahI, 4.65.61 65. vahI 4.66.3 1 66. vahI 4.63.4 / 67. 'paumacariu', 5.75.5 1 68. vahI, 5.75.11 1 69. vahI, 5.75.12 1 70. vahI, 5.76.8 / 71. vahI, 5.79.11 72. vahI, 5.79.2 / 73. vahI, 5.79.51 119
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________________ 120 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 74. vahI, 5.80.81 75. vahI, 5.80.9 / 76. 'paumacariu' 5.80.11 / 77. vahI, 5.81.2 / 78. vahI, 5.81.7 / 79. vahI, 5.82.18 / 80. vahI, 5.83.111 81. vahI, 5.83.14 / 82. 'paumacariu', 1.1.6 / 83. mAgaha-bhAsae~ kahai bhaDArau / mai~ jehau chkkhnndd-phaannu| bharaha-NarAhiu ekku ji rANau // pai~ viNu dasaMhosanti Naresara / mai~ viNu vAvIsa vi titthaMkara // Nava balaeva Nava ji nnaaraaynn| hara eyAraha Nava ji dasANaNa // aNNu vi ekkuNasaTThi puraanniiN| jiNa-sAsaNe hosanti phaanniiN| -vahI 1.5.9 / 84. vahI, 1.2.13 / 85. vahI, 2.25.8 / 86. 'paumacariu', 2.32.4,5 / 87. vahI, 2.38.71 88. vahI, 2.40.11 89. 'paumacariu' 2.41.6 / 90. saccau NArAyaNu atttthmu| dahavayaNahoM caMdu va atttthmu|| mAyAsuggIu jeNa vhiu| halaharu aTThamau so vi kahiu // vahI, 3.45.10 91. vahI, 3.54.151 92. vahI, 4.71.111 93. vahI, 4.72.8 / 94. 'paumacariu', 5.78.11 / 95. vahI, 5.80.13 / 96. vahI, 5.81.2 / 97. vahI, 5.85.12 /
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________________ 121 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 98. 'paumacariu' 5.87.3 / 99. aTThamu vAsueu valaeveM / - vahI, 5.88.9 / 100. vahI, 1.2.41 101. vahI, 1.8.11 102. vahI, 1.13.91 103. vahI, 1.13.101 104. vahI, 1.19.9 / 105. 'paumacariu' 2.26.7 / 106. 'paumacariu', 3.45.4 / 107. vahI, 4.71.61 108. vahI, 4.72.141 109. vahI, 5.78.12 / 110. vahI, 5.79.41 111. 'paumacariu', 5.87.8 / 112. vahI, 1.4.41 113. vahI, 2.28.121 114. vahI, 1.16.61 115. 'paumacariu' 4.70.3 / 116. vahI, 2.27.151 117. vAyaraNu suNantahu~ saMdhi karanta hu~ UdantAI-NivAu jih| vahI, 4.58.2 / 118. jahiM tuhU~ ca-sardu tahiM so smaasu| vahI, 4.58.4 / 119. 'paumacariu', 4.58.15 / 120. vahI, 4.64.1 / 121. 'paumacariu', 3.45.12 / 122. vahI, 4.62.61
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________________ 122 duvaI apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 ujjeNihi~ sippA NAma Nai atthi puNu rAyaho bhAsai abhayarui NiyabhavaNakilesakaha / / ujjeNihi~ sippA Nai asthi saccha gaMbhIradaha ||dhruvkm|| - taDatarupaDiyakusumapuMjujjala pavaNavasA calaMtiyA / dIsai paMcavaNNa NaM sADI mahimahilahi ghulaMtiyA // jalakIlaMtataruNighaNathaNajuyaviyaliyaghusiNapiMjarA / vAyAhayavisAlakallolagalatthiyamattakuMjarA // kacchavamacchapucchasaMghaTTavihaTTiyasippisaMpuDA / kUlapaDaMtadhavalamuttAhalajalalavasittaphaNiphaDA // NahaMtaNariMdaNAritaNubhUsaNakiraNAruNiyapANiyA / sArasacAsabhAsakAraMDavihaMDirahaMsamANiyA // parigholirataraMgaraMgaMtaramaMtataraMtaNaravarA / pavimalakamalaparimalAsAyaNaruMjiyabhamiramahuyarA // maMThuvayaMThaesatavasaMThiyatAvasavAsamaNaharA / sIyalajalasamIraNAsAsiyaNiyarakuraMgavaNayarA // jujjhiramayarakarikarupphAlaNatasiyataDatthavANarA / paDiyaphuliMgavAripuNNANaNacAyayaNiyaradihiyarA // khycikkhillkhollkhnnikholirlolirkolsNkulaa| jasaharacariu 3.1 phira abhayaruci apane bhavabhramaNa ke klezoM kI kathA rAjA mAridatta ko sunAne lgaa| usane kahA ki ujjainI ke samIpa svaccha aura gambhIra drahoM sahita siprA nAma kI nadI hai| vaha apane taTavartI vRkSoM se giranevAle puSpoM ke samUhoM se ujjvala hai, tathA pavana ke kAraNa taraMgoM se calAyamAna hai| isa kAraNa vaha aisI dikhAI detI hai mAno pRthvIrUpI mahilA kI lahalahAtI huI / pacaraMgI sAr3I ho| jalakrIr3A karatI huI yuvatI striyoM ke saghana stanayugaloM se dhulakara gire hue kezara se vaha nadI lAla ho rahI hai, tathA vAyu ke thaper3oM se uThanevAlI vizAla kalloloM dvArA vahA~ madonmatta hAthI utprerita ho rahe haiN| vahA~ kachuoM aura machaliyoM kI pU~choM ke saMgaThana se sIpoM ke sampuTa vighaTita ho rahe haiM, aura taTapara par3ate hue zveta muktAphaloM sahita jalakaNoM dvArA sarpo ke phaNa sIMce jA rahe haiN| vahA~ kA pAnI snAna karatI huI rAniyoM ke zarIra ke bhUSaNoM kI kiraNoM se lAla varNa ho rahA hai| sArasa, svarNacAtaka, bhAsa aura kAraNDa tathA kalahakArI haMsoM se vaha nadI sammAnita hai| vahA~ caMcala taraMgoM meM loga cala rahe haiM, ramaNa kara rahe haiM aura taira rahe haiM tathA svaccha kamaloM kI sagandha kA svAda lete hae bhauMre runa-jhana karate hae ma~DarA rahe haiN| usake svaccha taTapara tapa meM saMlIna tApasoM ke Azrama manohara dikhAI de rahe haiM, tathA zItala jala ke pavana se Azvasta hokara mRgoM tathA anya vanacaroM ke samUha vicaraNa kara rahe haiM / usake jala meM jo makara aura hAthiyoM kA yuddha ho rahA hai usake kAraNa hAthiyoM dvArA apanI sUMDoM se uchAle hue jala se taTavartI vAnara trasta ho rahe haiN| tathA giranevAle phuphakAra ke jala se mukha bhara jAne ke kAraNa cAtakoM ke samUha prasanna ho rahe haiM, usa nadI kA taTa gaDDhoM kI kIcar3a se yukta gaharI khadAnoM meM khelate aura krIr3A karate hue sUkaroM se saMkulita hai| anu. - DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 akTUbara - 197 akTUbara - 1997, akTUbara - 1998 123 123 jaina apabhraMza sAhitya - DaoN. nIlama jaina 'apabhraMza' sAhityika bhASA ke gauravazAlI pada para chaThI zatAbdI meM AsIna huii| isase pUrva bharata ke nATya zAstra meM (dvitIya I. zatI), vimalasUri ke paumacariya (3 I.za.) meM pAdaliptasUri ke taraMgavaikahA Adi meM apabhraMza ke zabdoM kA kathaMcit vyavahAra pAyA jAtA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai apabhraMza meM prathama zatI se racanAe~ hotI rahI haiN| mahatvapUrNa sAhitya 8vIM zatI se 13-14vIM zatI taka racA gyaa| isI kAraNa apabhraMza ke 9vIM se 13vIM zatAbdI taka ke yuga ko DaoN. harivaMza kochar3a ne 'samRddhayuga' evaM DaoN. rAjanArAyaNa pANDeya ne 'svarNayuga' mAnA hai| apabhraMza kI eka aMtima racanA hai bhagavatIdAsa racita 'mRgAMka lekhAcarita' (16 I. shtii)| apabhraMza sAhitya kI samRddhi kA pramukha srota jaina AcAryoM ke dvArA racI gaI kRtiyAM hI haiN| isakA jJAna pichale do-tIna dazakoM meM zrI camanalAla DAhyAbhAI dalAla, muni jinavijaya, pro. hIrAlAla jaina, DaoN. parazurAma lakSmaNa vaidya, DaoN. AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhyAye, ma.pa. haraprasAda zAstrI Adi vidvAnoM ke athaka parizramasvarUpa prApta huaa| apabhraMza bhASA ke adhyayana kI samasyA evaM dhArmika paramparA ke phalasvarUpa isa bhASA kA sAhitya jaina-bhaNDAroM meM chipA par3A rhaa| sambhavataH isI kAraNa AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne apane itihAsa meM jaina apabhraMza sAhitya ko dhArmika upadeza mAtra hone se vizeSa mahatva nahIM diyaa| AcArya dvivedI ne isakA tarkapUrNa khaMDana kara isameM sundara kAvyarUpa kI upalabdhi hone se inheM svIkAra kiyA hai - "jaina apabhraMza-caritakAvyoM kI jo vipula sAmagrI upalabdha huI hai vaha sirpha dhArmika sampradAya ke muhara lagAne mAtra
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI 9-10 se alaga kara dI jAne yogya nahIM hai| svayaMbhU, caturmukha, puSpadanta aura dhanapAla jaise kavi kevala jaina hone ke kAraNa hI kAvya-kSetra se bAhara nahIM cale jAte / ... yadi aisA samajhA jAne lage to tulasIdAsa kA rAmacaritamAnasa bhI sAhitya kSetra meM avivecya ho jAyegA aura jAyasI kA padmAvata bhI sAhitya sImA ke bhItara nahIM ghusegA / 124 - isa apabhraMza sAhitya kI vipulatA kA jJAna DaoN. nAmavara siMha ke isa kathana se puSTa hotA hai - "yadi eka ora isameM jaina muniyoM ke cintana kA cintAmaNi hai to dUsarI ora bauddha siddhoM kI sahaja sAdhanA kI siddhi bhI hai| yadi eka ora dhArmika AdarzoM kA vyAkhyAna hai to dUsarI ora loka-jIvana se utpanna honevAle aihika - rasa kA rAgaraMjita anukathana hai / yadi yaha sAhitya nAnA zalAkA puruSoM ke udAtta jIvana-carita se sampanna hai to sAmAnya vaNik putroM ke duHkhasukha kI kahAnI se bhI paripUrNa hai| tIrthaMkaroM kI bhAvocchvasita stutiyoM, anubhava-bharI sUktiyoM, rahasyamayI anubhUtiyoM vaibhava-vilAsa kI jhAMkiyoM Adi ke sAtha hI unmukta vanya jIvana kI zaurya-snehasikta gAthAoM ke vividha citroM se apabhraMza sAhitya kI vizAla citrazAlA suzobhita hai| svayaMbhU jaise mahAkavi ke hAthoM se isakA bIjAropaNa huA : puSpadaMta, dhanapAla, haribhadra, joindu, rAmasiMha, devasena, kanakAmara, hemacandra, somaprabha, jinaprabha, jinadatta, jinapadma, vinayacandra, rAjazekhara, zAlibhadra, abdula rahamAna, saraha aura kaNha jaisI pratibhAoM ne ise pratiSThita kiyA aura aMtima dinoM meM bhI isa sAhitya ko yazaHkIrti aura raidhU jaise sarvatomukhI pratibhAvAle mahAkaviyoM kA sambala prApta huA / apabhraMza sAhitya ko surakSita rakhane kA zreya jaina bhaMDAroM ko hai| jaina dharmAnusAra kisI graMtha kI hastalikhita prati kisI bhI jaina bhaMDAra meM svAdhyAya ke lie dAna denA dharma-lAbha samajhA jAtA rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki anekAneka videzI evaM dezI vidvAnoM ke satprayatnoM ke phalasvarUpa pATaNa, kAraMjA, jaisalamera, ahamadAbAda Adi ke jaina bhaNDAroM se bahumUlya graMtha prakAza meM Aye haiM evaM aneka graMtha abhI taka avijJAta haiM / jainAcAryoM ne apabhraMza ke mahAn sAhitya kA praNayana kiyA hai / isakA kAryakSetra pazcimI bhArata, vidarbha, gujarAta, rAjasthAna tathA dakSiNa bhArata ke pradeza rahe haiN| vidvAnoM ke kathanAnusAra zrAvakoM ke anurodha para jaina AcAryoM ne apabhraMza meM racanA kii| ye zrAvaka dezI bhASA se hI paricita the / ataH jaina apabhraMza sAhitya meM jahA~ sthAna vaibhinnya ke saMketa milate haiM vahA~ viSaya aura kAvyarUpoM meM bhI vividhatA darzanIya hai| jainAcAryoM dvArA likhe gaye sAhitya meM mahApurANa, purANa, caritakAvya, kathAgraMtha, rAsagraMtha, upadezAtmaka graMtha, stotra Adi vividha viSayAtmaka graMtha prApya haiN| mahApurANa meM puSpadaMta kA tisaTThimahApurisa; purANa caritakAvyoM meM svayaMbhU ke paumacariu, riTThanemicariu, puSpadaMta ke NAyakumAracariu, jasaharacariu, muni kanakAmara kA karakaMDacariu Adi ullekhanIya haiN| kathA - graMthoM meM ( dhanapAlakRta) bhavisayattakahA, ( amarakIrti kRta), chakkammokaesa (SaTkarmopadeza), pajjuNakahA Adi vizeSa mahatva ke haiM / rAso graMthoM meM upadeza rasAyana (jinadattasUri), nemirAsa (jinaprabha), bAhubalirAsa, jaMbUsvAmIrAsa Adi kA nAma liyA jA sakatA hai|
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI - 9-10 125 stotra-graMthoM meM abhayadevasUri ke jayatihumaNastotra, RSabhajinastotra Adi evaM upadezAtmaka graMthoM meM yogIndra ke paramAtma prakAza, yogasAra; muni rAmasiMha kA pAhuDadohA, suprabhAcArya kA vairAgyasAra, mAhezvarasUri kI saMyamamaMjarI Adi aneka graMtha draSTavya haiN| rAmakathA se sambaMdhita apabhraMza sAhitya prAkRta evaM saMskRta bhASA ke samAna hI jaina vidvAnoM ne apabhraMza bhASA meM bhI rAmakathA kA gumphana kiyA hai| Azcarya to yaha hai ki apabhraMza bhASA meM jitane bhI rAmakathA viSayaka graMtha upalabdha hue haiM ve saba jainamatAvalambI kaviyoM dvArA hI praNIta haiN| tIna dazaka pUrva jo apabhraMza bhASA meM likhe gaye rAmakathAtmaka graMtha jaina bhaNDAroM meM par3e hue the ve jijJAsu adhyetAoM ke zlAghya prayatnoM se samprati prakAza meM Aye haiN| apabhraMza meM rAmakathA sambaMdhI tIna graMtha vizeSa mahatvapUrNa haiN| inameM se do svayaMbhUdevakRta paumacariu athavA rAmapurANa (8vIM zatI I.) evaM raidhU racita padmapurANa athavA balabhadrapurANa (15vIM zatI I.) vimalasUri kI paramparA ke antargata Ate haiM aura puSpadantaviracita mahApurANa (10vIM zatI I.) guNabhadra paramparA meM parigaNita kiyA jAtA hai| svayaMbhU apabhraMza ke vAlmIki haiN| inakI tIna racanAe~ paumacariu, riTThanemicariu aura svayaMbhUchanda upalabdha hotI haiN| inakA 'paumacariu' apabhraMza kA rAmakathA viSayaka prathama vizAlakAya mahAkAvya hai / yaha jaina rAmAyaNa hai / isameM 90 saMdhiyA~, 1296 kar3avaka tathA 12000 zloka haiN| yaha pA~ca kANDoM- vidyAdharakANDa, ayodhyAkANDa, sundarakANDa, yuddhakANDa aura uttarakANDa meM vibhakta hai| svayaMbhU ke paumacariu kI racanA praur3ha evaM prAMjala hai| itanI sarvaguNasampanna kAvya-racanA bhASA kI prArambhika sthiti meM sambhava nhiiN| ata: aisA jJAta hotA hai ki svayaMbhU se pUrva apabhraMza kAvya paramparA unnata thii| svayaM svayaMbhU ne bhI apane pUrva ke bhadra, caturmukha Adi kaviyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai kintu unakI racanAe~ upalabdha nahIM haiN| svayaMbhU paumacariu kI racanA meM AcArya raviSeNa se prabhAvita hue haiN| inakI dvitIya racanA 'riTThaNemicariu' hai jo mahAbhArata kI kathA kA jaina rUpa prastuta karatI hai| 'svayaMbhUchanda' meM prAkRta aura apabhraMza ke chanda diye gaye hai|' svayaMbhU ke bAda apabhraMza ke dvitIya mahAkavi puSpadaMta haiN| inakI 'tisaTThimahApurisaguNAlaMkAra', 'NAyakumAracariu' evaM 'jasaharacariu' tIna kRtiyA~ prApta hotI haiN| tisaTThimahApurisa nAmaka racanA rAmakathA se sambandhita hai| isa paurANika mahAkAvya meM 63 zalAkApuruSoM, 24 tIrthaMkara, 12 cakravartI, 9 nArAyaNa, 9 pratinArAyaNa evaM 9 balabhadroM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isake dvitIya bhAga-uttarapurANa meM 69 se 79 sandhiyoM meM rAmakathA varNita hai| puSpadanta ne apanI rAmakathA meM svayaMbhU se pRthak guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa kA anukaraNa kiyA hai| inakI dvitIya racanA 'NAyakumAracariu' (nAgakumAracarita) hai| isa graMtha kI racanA kA uddezya paMcamI upavAsa kA phala batalAnA hai| 'jasaharacariu' (yazodharacarita) kavi kI antima racanA hai|" isakI kathA atyaMta lokapriya hai| kavi ke eka anya koza grantha kA ullekha milatA hai para yaha racanA anupalabdha hai|
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________________ 126 apabhraMza bhAratI -9-10 apabhraMza bhASA meM sabase adhika racanA karanevAle kavi raidhU haiN| inake 25 graMthoM kA ullekha milatA hai| padmapurANa (15vIM zatI I.) apabhraMza bhASA meM jaina rAmakathA paramparA ko Age bar3hAnevAlA tRtIya evaM antima graMtha hai| yaha graMtha aprakAzita hai, jisakI hasta-likhita pratiyAM Amera zAstra bhaNDAra meM surakSita haiN| isameM rAmakathA kA sAmAnya kathana hai| inakI anya kRtiyA~ sukauzalacaritra, AtmasaMbodhakAvya, dhanaku mAra caritra, meghezvara caritra, zrIpAlacaritra, sanmatijinacaritra Adi haiM / inakI bhI hastalikhita kRtiyAM Amera bhaNDAra meM upalabdha haiN| ___ apabhraMza meM rAmakathAtmaka sAhitya parimANa meM kama hote hue bhI bhAva evaM kalA kI dRSTi se atyaMta utkRSTa hai| 1. trividhiM tacca vijJeyaM nAtyayoge smaastH| samAna-zabdaM vibhraSTaM dezIgatamadhApi c|| nATyazAstra 17/2-3 * desI-bhAsA ubhaya-taDajala / ka vi dukkai ghaNa-sahU-silAyala // 1/2/4. paumacariu, * pAlitaeva raiyA vittharao taha va desivynnehi| NAmeNa taraMgavaha kathA vicittA ya viulA y|| pAdalipta, taraMgavatI kathA * hindI sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa - prathama bhAga saM. rAjabalI pANDeya, pR. 315. 2. apabhraMza sAhitya - DaoN. harivaMza kochar3a, pR. 34. * mahAkavi puSpadaMta - DaoN. rAjanArAyaNa pANDeya, pR. 18. 3. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa-A.rAmacandra zukla, bhUmikA, pR. 3. 4. hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla - DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, pR. 11. 5. DaoN. nAmavara siMha - hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza kA yogadAna, pR. 175-176. . . 6. paumacariu bhAga 1- bhUmikA (sampAdaka bhAyANI) pR. 16. 7. puNu raviseNAyariya - pasAe (buddhieM avagAhiya kairAeM // 1/2/9 paumacariu 8. apabhraMza sAhitya, DaoN. harivaMza kochar3a, pR. 67. 9. apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya, DaoN. devendrakumAra jaina, pR. 231. 10. mahAkavipuSpadanta : DaoN. rAjanArAyaNa pANDeya, pR. 99. 11. vahI, pR. 101. 12. hindI sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA, pR. 113. 13. apabhraMza sAhitya, DaoN. harivaMza kochar3a, pR. 116. dvArA - zrI yU. ke. jaina saiNTrala baiMka oNpha iNDiyA korTa roDa, sahAranapura - 247001
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