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Pravacanasāra
modes (paryāya). This is the sadbhāva-utpāda. When the predication is from the standpoint-of-modes (paryāyārthika naya), it is said that there is the origination (utpăda) of a new object, in form of the new mode. That which existed in the past exists no more. This is the asadbhāva-utpāda. The modes (paryāya), like the bracelet and the earring, that exist from the standpoint-of-modes (paryāyārthika naya) are nothing but the substance (dravya) gold; these modes are due to the inherent power of gold to undergo such transformations. Gold itself is a mode (paryāya) of the substance that is gold; the mode (paryāya) is not distinct from the substance (dravya). The mode (paryāya) of a substance (dravya) is of the nature of the substance (dravya); the mode (paryāya) is not distinct from the substance (dravya). Therefore, the mode (paryāya) is the substance (dravya). From the standpoint-ofsubstance (dravyārthika naya), gold, with its qualities like yellowness, is transformed into modes such as the bracelet and the earring. So, the substance of gold itself is the modes like the bracelet and the earring. The substance (dravya), due to its inherent power, originates in sequential modes. It takes the form of the existing mode; the substance (dravya) is the mode (paryāya). It is thus established that the modes (paryāya) in asadbhāvautpāda (or asat-utpāda) are nothing but the substance (dravya). And, the substance (dravya) in sadbhāva-utpāda (or sat-utpāda) is nothing but the mode (paryaya). The distinction between the substance (dravya) and the mode (paryāya) is only due to the difference in the standpoints; actually, there is no difference between these.
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