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mark (lakṣaṇa) of the activity (kriya). The change-of-being (parinamana) is the mark (lakṣana) of the nature-of-being (bhavavanta). All substances (dravya) experience origination (utpāda), destruction (vyaya) and permanence (dhrauvya) due to their change-of-being (parinamana), since these are of the natureof-being (bhavavanta). This results in changes in their modes (paryaya). Activity (kriya) takes place only in two substances, the soul (jiva) and the matter (pudgala). Due to the activity (kriyā), the matter (pudgala) has the nature of movement; union (fusion or samghata) or division (fission or bheda) takes place in the molecules of matter (pudgala). Due to this union or division, the matter (pudgala) exhibits origination (utpāda), destruction (vyaya) and permanence (dhrauvya). Similarly, the soul (jiva), contaminated with karmas, exhibits movement - activity (kriya). It exhibits union (fusion or samghata) with new forms of matter (pudgala) - karmic (karma) and quasi-karmic (nokarma) division (fission or bheda) from old forms of matter (pudgala). Due to this activity (kriya) of union or division, the soul (jiva) exhibits origination (utpada), destruction (vyaya) and permanence (dhrauvya). It is thus clear that the two substances, the soul (jiva) and the matter (pudgala), are of the nature-of-activity (kriyāvanta) and also of the nature-of-being (bhavavanta). The remaining four substances - the medium of motion (dharma), the medium of rest (adharma), the space (ākāśa), and the time (kāla) – are only of the nature-of-being (bhāvavanta).
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लिंगेहिं जेहिं दव्वं जीवमजीवं च हवदि विण्णादं । à aquafafugı yanyan Ion den 112–3811
प्रवचनसार
लिङ्गैर्यैर्द्रव्यं जीवोऽजीवश्च भवति विज्ञातम् । à agrafatory afyat yun en: 112-3811
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