Sramana 1998 01

Author(s): Ashokkumar Singh, Shivprasad, Shreeprakash Pandey
Publisher: Parshvanath Vidhyashram Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/525033/1

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zramaNa SRAMANA (A Quarterly Research Journal of Jaina Studies) FACES kI JANUARY-MARCH, 1998 were TUTAL pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI PARSVANATHA VIDYAPITHA, VARANASI. 34

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zramaNa pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI traimAsika zodha-patrikA varSa - 49] aMka 1-3] [ janavarI-mArca 1998 pradhAna sampAdaka prophesara sAgaramala jaina sampAdaka maNDala DaoN0 azoka kumAra siMha DaoN0 zivaprasAda DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya prakAzanArtha lekha- sAmagrI, samAcAra, vijJApana, sadasyatA Adi ke lie samparka kareM pradhAna sampAdaka zramaNa pArzvanAtha vidyApITha AI0TI0 AI0 mArga, karauMdI po0 oN0 - bI0 eca0 yU0 vArANasI - 221005 dUrabhASa: 316521, 318046 vArSika sadasyatA zulka : saMsthAoM ke lie vyaktiyoM ke lie eka prati ru0150.00 ru0100.00 20.00 ru0 AjIvana sadasyatA zulka ru0 1000.00 ru0 500.00 saMsthAoM ke lie vyaktiyoM ke lie yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki lekhaka ke vicAroM se sampAdaka sahamata hoM

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zramaNa prastuta aGka meM lekha pRSTha saMkhyA aMgavijjA aura namaskAra mantra kI vikAsa yAtrA 1-8 DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina jaina saMdarbha meM acetana dravya vyavasthA 9-13 DaoN0 vinoda kumAra tivArI jaina darzana kA mAnavavAdI dRSTikoNa 14-27 DaoN. vijaya kumAra jaina jaina darzana aura kabIraH eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 28-43 DaoN0 sAdhvI maMjuzrI jaina evaM bauddha dhyAna paddhatiH eka anuzIlana 44-53 DaoN0 sudhA jaina svayaM kI anekAntamayI samajha se tanAvamukti 54-64 DaoN0 pArasamala agravAla kharataragaccha-pippalakazAkhA kA itihAsa 67-81 DaoN0 zivaprasAda kIrtikaumudI meM prayukta chanda 83-90 DaoN0 azoka kumAra siMha munirAja vandanA battIsI 91-100 DaoN0 (zrImatI) munnI jaina kavitAeM 101-102 rASTrasaMta gaNeza muni zAstrI/razmi jaina ENGLISH ARTICLES Jaina Process of Learning 104-108 Dr. Mohan Lal Mehta A Study of Extracts in Astaka-Prakarana 109-118 Dr. Ashok Kumar Singh jaina jagat 119-122 pustaka samIkSA 123-134 Composed at: Sun Computer Softech, Naria, B.H.U., Varanasi-5 Phone No.318698.

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zramaNa aMgavijjA aura namaskAra mantra kI vikAsa yAtrA DaoNo 0 sAgaramala jaina namaskAra mantra jaina dharma kA AdhArabhUta aura sarvasampradAyamAnya mantra hai| paramparAgata vizvAsa to yahI hai ki yaha mantra anAdi - anidhana hai aura jaina AgamoM kA sAratattva evaM Adi srota hai| isa mantra ke sandarbha meM yaha lokokti prasiddha hai'caudaha pUraba kero sAra samaro sadA mantra navakAra' mAtra yahI nahIM, namaskAra mahAmantra kA mahAzrutaskandha aisA nAmakaraNa bhI isI tathya kA sUcaka hai| AgamoM ke adhyayana ke pUrva prArambha meM isI kA adhyayana karAyA jAnA bhI yahI sUcita karatA hai ki yaha unakA Adi srota hai| namaskAramantra ke pA~co pada vyaktivAcaka na hokara guNavAcaka haiN| ina guNoM kA astitva anAdi anidhana hai aura aise guNI janoM ke prati vinaya kA bhAva bhI svAbhAvika hai ataH isa dRSTi se namaskAra mantra ko anAdi mAnA jA sakatA hai| kintu vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA bhinna hai / unake anusAra cUlikA sahita paJcapadAtmaka sampUrNa namaskAra mantra kA eka kramika vikAsa huA hai| prastuta nibandha meM hama aMgavijjA aura khAravela ke abhilekha ke vizeSa sandarbha meM namaskAra mantra kI isa vikAsayAtrA kA adhyayana kreNge| jaina Agama sAhitya ke prAcIna stara ke grantha, AcArAGga, sUtrakRtAGga, RSibhASita, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika Adi meM namaskAramantra kA koI bhI nirdeza hameM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| yadyapi dazavaikAlikasUtra meM Arya zayyambhava ne yaha nirdeza kiyA hai kAyotsarga ko namaskAra se pUrNa karanA cAhiye kintu isase yaha spaSTa nahIM hotA hai ki yaha namaskAra paJcapadAtmaka hotA thaa| sAmAyika sUtra meM kAyotsarga ke AgAra sUtra meM yaha pATha AtA hai ki 'arihaMtANaM, bhagavaMtANaM, namukkAreNaM na pAremi 1 arthAt arahaMtANaM se ise pUrNa kruuNgaa| vartamAna paramparA se isakI puSTi bhI hotI hai| phira bhI namaskAra se tAtparya paJcapadAtmaka namaskAramantra se rahA hogA yaha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / paJcapadAtmaka namaskAramantra ke nirdeza jina AgamoM meM upalabdha hote hai unameM aGga AgamoM meM bhagavatIsUtra ke atirikta anya kisI bhI aGga Agama grantha meM namaskAra mantra kA nirdeza nahIM hai / aGgabAhya AgamoM meM prajJApanAsUtra ke prArambha meM bhI namaskAra mantra upalabdha hotA hai / prajJApanA ke atirikta mahAnizItha ke

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2 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 prArambha meM bhI namaskAra mantra kA nirdezana milatA hai (OM namo titthassa / OM namo arahaMtANaM / )2 __ bhagavatIsUtra evaM prajJApanA ke prArambha meM paJcapadAtmaka namaskAramantra kA nirdeza to hai, kintu yaha unakA aGgIbhUta aMza hai athavA prakSipta aMza hai, isako lekara vidvAnoM meM matabhinna dekhA jAtA hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki prajJApanA ke TIkAkAra malayagiri isakI koI TIkA nahIM karate haiM, isalie yaha mantra usakA aGgIbhUta mantra nahIM hai| ise bAda meM maGgala sUcaka Adi vAkya ke rUpa meM jor3A gayA hai, ata: prakSipta aMza hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki yadyapi bhagavatIsUtra ke prArambha meM paJcapadAtmaka namaskAramantra to milatA hai, kintu usakI cUlikA nahIM milatI hai, usake sthAna para 'namo baMbhI-livie' yaha pada milatA hai| ata: yaha kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai ki brAhmIlipi ke prati yaha namaskArAtmakapada tabhI usameM jor3A gayA hogA, jaba isa grantha ko sarvaprathama lipibaddha kiyA gayA hogaa| bhagavatIsUtra ke pazcAt prajJApanAsUtra meM bhI paJcapadAtmaka namaskAramantra upalabdha hotA hai| kintu prajJApanAsUtra nizcita hI IsA kI prathama zatAbdI ke lagabhaga nirmita huA hai| ata: isa AdhAra para kevala itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki IsA kI prathama zatAbdI taka paJcapadAtmaka namaskAramantra kA vikAsa ho cukA thaa| jahA~ taka mahAnizItha kA prazna hai yaha spaSTa hai ki usakI mUlaprati dImakoM se bhakSita ho jAne para AcArya haribhadra ne hI isa grantha kA punaroddhAra kiyaa| haribhadra kA kAla spaSTa rUpa se lagabhaga IsA kI 7vIM-8vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| ata: mahAnizIthasUtra meM cUlikA namaskAramantra kI upasthiti usakI vikAsa yAtrA ko samajhane meM kisI bhI prakAra sahAyaka nahIM hotI hai| mahAnizIthare meM jo yaha batAyA gayA hai ki 'paJcamaGgala mahAzrutaskandha kA vyAkhyAna mUlamantra kI niyukti bhASya evaM cUrNi meM kiyA gayA thA aura yaha vyAkhyAna tIrthaMkaroM se prApta huA thaa| kAla doSa se ve niyuktiyA~, bhASya aura cUrNiyA~ naSTa ho giiN| phira kucha samaya pazcAt vajrasvAmI ne namakAra mahAmantra kA uddhAra kara use mUla sUtra meM sthApita kiyaa| yaha vRddhasampradAya hai|' yaha tathya namaskAramantra ke racayitA kA patA lagAne meM sahAyaka hotA hai| yadyapi Avazyaka niyukti meM vajrasvAmI ke ullekha meM isa ghaTanA kA nirdeza nahIM hai, phira bhI isase do bAteM phalita hotI hai- prathama to yaha ki haribhadra ke kAla taka yaha anubhUti thI ki namaskAra mahAmantra ke uddhAraka vajrasUri the aura dUsare yaha ki unhoMne ise Agama meM sthApita kiyaa| isakA tAtparya yaha bhI hai ki bhagavatIsUtra meM namaskAramantra kI sthApanA vajrasvAmI ne kI aura ve hI isake uddhAraka yA kisI artha meM isake nirmAtA haiN| vajrasvAmI kA kAla lagabhaga IsA kI prathama zatI hai| saMyoga se yahI kAla aMgavijjA kA hai| khAravela kA abhilekha isase lagabhaga 150 varSa

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aMgavijjA aura namaskAra mantra kI vikAsa yAtrA pUrva kA hai| Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya meM Avazyaka niyukti meM sarvaprathama hameM sampUrNa cUlikA sahita namaskAramantra kA nirdeza milatA hai| Avazyaka niyukti meM paJcapadAtmaka namaskAramantra ke sAtha-sAtha usakI cUlikA bhI upalabdha ho jAtI hai| maiMne apane eka svatantra lekha meM yaha sthApita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki niryakti kA racanAkAla IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki cUlikA sahita paJcapadAtmaka namaskAramantra lagabhaga IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM astitva meM A gayA thaa| digambara paramparA meM SaTkhaNDAgama ke Adi meM bhI paJcapadAtmaka namaskAramantra upalabdha hotA hai kintu vikasita guNasthAna siddhAnta kI upasthiti Adi ke kAraNa yaha grantha IsA kI 5vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kA siddha nahIM hotA hai| isI prakAra mUlAcAra meM bhI cUlikA sahita namaskAramantra upalabdha hotA hai kintu yaha grantha bhI lagabhaga 6ThI zatAbdI ke Asa-pAsa kA hai| isameM to namaskAramantra aura usakI cUlikA Avazyaka niyukti se hI uddhRta kI gaI hai| kyoMki mUlAcAra evaM Avazyaka niyukti meM na kevala prastuta cUlikA sahita namaskAramantra uddhRta huA hai, apitu usakI aneka gAthAe~ bhI uddhata haiM, ata: hama isa niSkarSa para paha~cate haiM ki Avazyaka niyukti ke kAla taka arthAt IsA kI dUsarI zatI taka namaskAramantra kA pUrNata: vikAsa ho cukA thaa| paramparAgata mAnyatA yaha hai ki 'siddhANaM namo kiccA' arthAt siddhoM ko namaskAra karake jahA~ tIrthaMkara dIkSita hote haiN| jahA~ taka arahaMta pada kA prazna haibhagavatI, AcArAGga (dvitIya zrutaskandha), kalpasUtra evaM AvazyakasUtra ke zakrastava meM 'namotthuNaM arahaMtANaM' ke rUpa meM arahaMta ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| sambhavata: yahIM se namaskAra mantra kI vikAsa yAtrA prArambha hotI hai| mahAnizItha sUtra ke prArambha meM namo titthassa, namo arahaMtANaM-aise do pada milate haiN| isameM namaskAra mantra kA to mAtra eka hI pada hai| phira usameM 'namo siddhANaM' pada jur3akara dvipadAtmaka namaskAra mantra banA hogA isa prakAra prArambha meM namaskAramantra arahaMta aura siddha-aisA dvipadAtmaka rahA hogaa| yadyapi AgamoM meM saMyukta rUpa meM dvipadAtmaka namaskAramantra kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| mathurA ke I0pU0 prathama zatI taka ke abhilekhoM meM kucha abhilekhoM meM 'namo arahaMtA' yaha eka pada hI milatA hai| aMgavijjA ke caturtha adhyAya 'aMgastaya' meM 'namo arahaMtANaM' aisA eka hI pada hai jo adhyAya ke Adi meM diyA jAtA hai| isake pazcAt aMgavijjA ke aSTama adhyAya meM dvipadAtmaka, tripadAtmaka aura paJcapadAtmaka namaskAra mantra milatA hai| aMgavijjA meM mujhe namaskAramantra kI cUlikA nahIM milI, isa AdhAra para yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki cUlikA kI racanA aMgavijjA kI racanA ke pazcAt hI niyuktiyoM ke racanAkAla ke samaya huii| isa prakAra yaha to nizcita hotA hai ki cUlikA rahita paJcapadAtmaka namaskAramantra lagabhaga IsA kI prathama yA dvitIya zatAbdI meM astitva A gayA thaa| abhI taka kI zodhoM ke AdhAra para kevala yaha aMgavijjA ke adhyayana ke binA nizcita ho pA rahA thA ki IsA kI prathama

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4 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca / 1998 zatAbdI meM paJcapadAtmaka namaskAramantra kA aura IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM usakI cUlikA kA nirmANa huA hogaa| usake pUrva namaskAramantra kI kyA sthiti thI ? yaha vicAraNIya hai| prAcIna stara ke AgamoM yathA AcArAGga Adi meM 'arahaMta' pada to prApta hotA hai, kintu usake sAtha 'namo' pada kI koI yojanA nahIM hai / Agama meM 'namo' pada pUrvaka 'siddha' pada kA prayoga uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM milatA hai / usameM 'siddhANaM namo' aisA prayoga milA hai| bhagavatI aura kalpasUtra meM 'namotthuNaM arahaMtANaM,' aisA pada milatA hai| kintu 'namo arahaMtANaM, namo siddhANaM' aise do pada mujhe dekhane meM nahIM aaye| isI sandarbha meM sarvaprathama lagabhaga IsA pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI kA eka abhilekhIya sAkSya prApta hotA hai jisameM dvipadAtmaka namaskAramantra kA nirdeza hai| bhuvanezvara (ur3IsA) ke khAravela ke hatthIgumphA abhilekha (I0pU0 dUsarI zatAbdI) meM hameM nimna do pada milate haiM- 1. 'namo arahaMtA,' 2. 'namo savva siddhANaM / ' isa prakAra dvipadAtmaka namaskAramantra kA I0 pU0 kA abhilekhIya sAkSya to milA, kintu kisI sAhityika sAkSya se isakI puSTi nahIM ho pA rahI thii| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, isameM 'siddhANaM' ke sAtha jo 'savva' vizeSaNa jur3A huA hai, usakI bhI kisI sAhityika sAkSya se koI puSTi nahIM ho pA rahI thii| saMyoga se jaba maiM apanI pustaka 'jaina dharma aura tAntrika sAdhanA' kA 'jaina dharma aura mantra sAdhanA' nAmaka adhyAya likha rahA thA, to jaina mantroM ke prArambhika srotoM ko khojane hetu aMgavijjA kA adhyayana kara rahA thA to mujhe usameM na kevala dvipadAtmaka namaskAramantra prApta huA apitu usameM 'savva' vizeSaNa yukta 'siddhANaM' pada bhI prApta huaa| isa prakAra hameM khAravela ke abhilekha ke dvipadAtmaka namaskAramantra kA sampUrNa sAhityika sAkSya aMgavijjA meM prApta huaa| sAtha hI yaha bhI jJAta huA ki dvipadAtmaka isa namaskAramantra ke abhilekhIya evaM sAhityika sAkSya samakAlika bhI haiN| puNyavijaya jI ma0sA0 dvArA sampAdita isa aMgavijjA kI 'bhUmikA' meM DaoN0 vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla ne aMgavijjA ko kuSANakAla arthAt IsA kI prathama zatI kI racanA mAnA hai / khAravela kA abhilekha isase lagabhaga 150 varSa pUrva kA hogaa| isa prakAra aMgavijjA, se khAravela ke abhilekha se kiJcit paravartI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki aMgavijjA meM namaskAramantra ke eka padAtmaka, dvipadAtmaka, tripadAtmaka evaM paJcapadAtmaka cAroM hI rUpa dekhane ko milate haiN| kintu aMgavijjA meM hameM namaskAramantra kI cUlikA ( eso paJca namokkAro savvapAvappaNAsaNo maMgalANaM ca savvesiM paDhamaM havai maMgalaM ) kA koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki namaskAramantra kI cUlikA eka paravartI racanA hai| isakA sarvaprathama nirdeza Avazyaka niyukti meM upalabdha hotA hai / yadi Avazyaka niyukti ko merI mAnyatA ke anusAra Aryabhadra kI racanA mAnA

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aMgavijjA aura namaskAra mantra kI vikAsa yAtrA jAe to usakA kAla IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga sthApita hotA hai| isa samagra carcA se itanA avazya phalita hotA hai ki paJcapadAtmaka namaskAramantra kA vikAsa IsA kI prathama zatAbdI meM Aye vajra ke samaya meM ho cukA thA / usameM IsA kI dUsarI zatI meM cUlikA jur3I / dvipadAtmaka namaskAramantra se paJcapadAtmaka namaskAramantra ke vikAsa meM lagabhaga eka yA do zatAbdI vyatIta huii| khAravela ke abhilekha aura aMgavijjA kI racanA ke bIca jo lagabhaga 150 varSoM kA antara hai, vahI dvipadAtmaka namaskAramantra se paJcapadAtmaka namaskAramantra ke vikAsa kA kAla mAnA jA sakatA hai| jaisA ki hama pUrva meM ullekha kara cuke haiM - aMgavijjA meM eka padAtmaka, dvipadAtmaka aura paJcapadAtmaka cAro hI prakAra ke namaskAramantra kA ullekha upalabdhaM hai / aMgavijjA ke prArambha meM Adi maGgala ke rUpa meM paJcapadAtmaka namaskAramantra hai kintu usake hI caturtha adhyAya ke prArambha meM maGgala rUpa meM 'namo arahaMtANaM' - aisA eka hI pada hai| puna: aMgavijjA ke aSTama adhyAya meM mahAnimittavidyA evaM rUpa - vidyA sambandhI jo mantra diye gaye haiM usameM dvipadAtmaka namaskAramantra 'namo arahaMtANaM' aura 'namo savvasiddhANaM' aise do pada milate haiN| isameM bhI pratirUpavidyA sambandhI mantra meM 'namo arahaMtANaM' aura 'namo siddhANaM' ye do pada milate haiN| 'siddhANaM' ke sAtha meM 'savva' vizeSaNa kA prayoga nahIM milatA hai, kintu mahAnimittavidyA sambandhI mantra meM 'savva' vizeSaNa kA prayoga upalabdha hotA hai| 'savva' vizeSaNa kA upayoga khAravela ke abhilekhoM meM bhI upalabdha hai| aMgavijjA meM pratihAravidyA sambandhI jo mantra diyA gayA hai usameM hameM tripadAtmaka namaskAramantra kA nirdeza milatA hai| isameM 'namo araMhatANaM' 'namo savvasiddhANaM' aura 'namo savvasAhUNaM' aise tIna pada die gae haiN| jJAtavya hai ki isameM siddhoM aura sAdhuoM ke sAtha 'savva' vizeSaNa kA prayoga hai| aMgavijjA ke isI adhyAya meM bhUmikarma vidyA aura siddhavidyA meM paJcapadAtmaka namaskAramaMntra upalabdha hotA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki tripadAtmaka namaskAra maMtra se 'AyariANaM' aura 'namo uvajjhAyANaM' aise do padoM kI yojanApUrvaka paJcapadAtmaka namaskAramantra kA vikAsa huA hai / namaskAramantra kI isa vikAsa yAtrA meM isakI zabda yojanA meM bhI AMzika parirvatana huA hai - aisA dekhA jAtA hai| prathamataH 'namo siddhANaM' meM 'siddha' pada ke sAtha 'savva' vizeSaNa kI yojanA huI aura puna: yaha 'savva' vizeSaNa usase alaga bhI kiyA gyaa| aMgavijjA aura khAravela kA abhilekha isa ghaTanA ke sAkSya haiN| jaisA ki hama pUrva meM sUcita kara cuke haiM jahA~ khAravela ke abhilekha meM 'namo savvasiddhANaM' pATha milatA hai vahA~ aMgavijjA meM 'namo siddhANaM' aura 'namo savvasiddhANaM' - donoM pATha milate haiN| vartamAna meM jo namaskAramantra kA 'namo savvasiddhANaM' aura 'namo savva sAhUNaM' pATha milatA hai vaha mahAnizItha saptama adhyAya kI cUlikA ke pracalita pATha meM anupalabdha hai| bhagavatI, prajJApanA, SaTkhaNDAgama Adi zvetAmbara - digambara AgamoM meM jo pATha upalabdha hotA hai usameM kahIM bhI siddha

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6 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 pada ke sAtha 'savva' (sarva) vizeSaNa kA prayoga nahIM haiN| isI prakAra kI dUsarI samasyA 'sAhU' pada ke vizeSaNoM ko lekara bhI hai| vartamAna meM 'sAhU' pada ke sAtha 'loe' aura 'savva' ina do vizeSaNoM kA prayoga upalabdha hotA hai| vartamAna meM 'namo loe savvasAhUNaM' pATha upalabdha hai kintu aMgavijjA meM 'namo savvasAhUNaM' aura 'namo loe savvasAhUNaM' ye donoM pATha upalabdha haiN| jahA~ pratihAra vidyA aura staravidyA sambandhI mantra meM 'namo savvasAhUNaM' pATha hai, vahIM aMgavidyA, bhUmikarmavidyA evaM siddhavidyA meM 'namo savvasAhUNaM-aisA pATha milatA hai| bhagavatIsUtra kI kucha prAcIna hasta-pratiyoM meM bhI 'loe' vizeSaNa upalabdha nahIM hotA hai-aisI sUcanA upalabdha hai, yadyapi isakA pramANa mujhe abhI taka upalabdha nahIM huaa| kintu terApaMtha samAja meM 'loe' pada rakhane yA na rakhane ko lekara eka carcA avazya prArambha huI thI aura isa sambandha meM kucha UhApoha bhI huA thaa| kintu anta meM unhoMne 'loe' pATha rkhaa| jJAtavya hai ki vizeSaNa rahita 'namo sAhUNaM' pada kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| ata: namaskAramantra ke paJcama pada ke do rUpa milate haiM- 'namo savvasAhUNaM' aura 'namo loe savvasAhUNaM' aura ye donoM hI rUpa aMgavijjA meM upasthita haiN| isa sambandha meM aMgavijjA kI yaha vizeSatA dhyAna dene yogya hai ki jahA~ tripadAtmaka namaskAra mantra kA prayoga hai vahA~ mAtra 'savva' vizeSaNa kA prayoga huA hai aura jahA~ paJcapadAtmaka namaskAramantra kA ullekha hai vahA~ 'loe' aura 'savva' donoM kA prayoga hai| jabaki 'siddhANaM' pada ke sAtha paJcapadAtmaka namaskAramantra meM kahIM bhI 'savva' vizeSaNa kA prayoga nahIM huA hai mAtra dvipadAtmaka athavA tripadAtmaka namaskAramantra meM hI 'siddhANaM' pada ke sAtha 'savva' vizeSaNa kA prayoga dekhane meM AtA hai| aMgavijjA meM namaskAramantra meM to nahIM kintu labdhipadoM ke namaskAra sambandhI mantroM meM 'AyariANaM' pada ke sAtha 'savvesiM' vizeSaNa bhI dekhane ko milA hai| vahA~ pUrNa pada isa prakAra hai- 'Namo mAhaNimittINaM savvesiM aayriaannN'| Avazyaka niyukti meM ullekha hai- 'Ayaria namukkAreNa vijjAmaMtA ya sijhNti'5| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki vidyA evaM mantroM kI sAdhanA kA prArambha AcArya ke prati namaskAra pUrvaka hotA hai| isI sandarbha meM NamovijjAcAraNasiddhANaM tavasiddhANaM'-aise do prayoga bhI aMgavijjA meM milate haiN| jJAtavya hai ki yahA~ 'siddha' pada kA artha vaha nahIM hai jo artha paJcapadAtmaka namaskAramantra meM hai| yahA~ siddha kA tAtparya cAraNavidyA siddha athavA tapa-siddha hai, na ki mukt-aatmaa| namaskAramantra ke prArambha meM 'namo' meM dantya 'na' kA prayoga ho yA mUrdhanya 'Na' kA prayoga ho ise lekara vivAda kI sthiti banI huI hai| jahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM meM 'namo' aura 'Namo' donoM hI rUpa milate haiM, vahA~ digambara paramparA meM 'Namo' aisA eka hI prayoga milatA hai| aba abhilekhIya AdhAroM para vizeSarUpa se khAravela ke hatthIgumphA abhilekha aura mathurA ke jaina abhilekhoM ke adhyayana se suspaSTa

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aMgavijjA aura namaskAra mantra kI vikAsa yAtrA ho cukA hai ki 'namo' pada kA prayoga hI prAcIna hai aura usake sthAna para 'Namo' pada kA prayoga paravartI hai| vastuta: zaurasenI prAkRta aura mahArASTrI prAkRta ke vyAkaraNa ke 'no NaH' sUtra ke AdhAra para paravartI kAla meM dantya 'na' ke sthAna para mUrdhanya 'Na' kA prayoga hone lgaa| isa sambandha meM aMgavijjA kI kyA sthiti hai? yaha bhI jAnanA Avazyaka hai| muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ne apane dvArA sampAdita aMgavijjA meM namaskAramantra ke prasaGga meM 'namo' ke sthAna para 'Namo' kA hI prayoga kiyA hai| kinta mUla meM 'Namo' zabda kA prayoga svIkAra karane para hameM aMgavijjA kI bhASA kI prAcInatA para sandehaM utpanna ho sakatA hai| kyoMki prAcIna ardhamAgadhI meM sAmAnyataH 'namo' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| isa sandarbha meM maiMne muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ke sampAdana meM AdhArabhUta rahI hastapratoM ke citroM kA avalokana kiyaa| yadyapi unake dvArA prayukta hastapratoM meM 'namo' aura 'Namo' donoM hI rUpa upalabdha hote haiN| jahA~ kAgaja kI do hastapratoM meM 'namo' pATha hai, vahA~ kAgaja eka hastaprata meM 'Namo' pATha hai| isI prakAra sampAdana meM prayukta tADapatrIya do pratoM meM se jaisalamera kI prati (14vIM zatI) meM 'namo' pATha hai| lekina paravartI khambhAta meM likhI gaI (15vIM zatI ke uttarArdha 1489 meM likhI gaI nijI saMgraha) prati meM 'Namo' pATha hai| mAtra yahI nahIM kAgaja kI unake sva saMgraha kI jisa prati meM 'Namo' pATha milA hai usameM bhI prathama cAra padoM meM hI 'Namo' pATha hai| paJcama pada meM 'namo' pATha hI hai| yahI nahIM Age labdhipadoM ke sAtha bhI 'namo' pATha hai| honA to yaha thA ki sampAdana karate samaya unheM 'namo' yaha prAcIna pratiyoM kA pATha lenA cAhie thA kintu aisA lagatA hai ki muni zrI ne bhI hemacandra-vyAkaraNa ke 'no NaH' sUtra ko AdhAra mAnakara 'namo' ke sthAna para 'Namo' ko hI vyAkaraNa sammata svIkAra kiyA hai| Azcarya hai ki munizrI ne aMgavijjA kI prastAvanA meM graMtha kI bhASA aura jaina prAkRta ke vividha prayogaM zIrSaka ke antargata mahArASTrI prAkRta se jaina prAkRta (ardhamAgadhI) ke antara kI lagabhaga cAra pRSThoM meM vistRta carcA kI hai aura vividha vyaJjanoM ke vikAra, avikAra aura Agama ko samajhAyA bhI hai phira bhI usameM 'na' aura 'Na' ke sambandha meM koI carcA nahIM kI hai| sambhavataH unhoMne 'Na' ke prayoga ko hI upayukta mAna liyA thaa| kintu merA vidvAnoM se anurodha hai ki unheM abhilekhoM aura prAcIna hastapratoM meM upalabdha 'namo' pATha ko adhika upayukta mAnanA caahie| vastuta: muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ne jisa kAla meM aMgavijjA ke sampAdana kA durUha kArya pUrNa kiyA, usa samaya taka 'na' aura 'Na' meM kauna prAcIna hai yaha carcA prArambha hI nahIM huI thii| merI jAnakArI meM isa carcA kA prArambha AdaraNIya DaoN0 ke0 Ara0 candrA ke prayatnoM se huA hai, ata: bhaviSya meM jaba kabhI isakA punaH sampAdana, anuvAda aura prakAzana ho taba ina tathyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhA jAnA caahie| vastutaH mahAna adhyavasAyI aura puruSArthI muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ke zrama kA hI yaha phala hai ki Aja hameM aMgavijjA jaisA durlabha grantha adhyayana ke lie upalabdha

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8 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 hai| vidvadgaNa unake isa mahAna kArya ko kabhI nahIM bhuuleNge| Aja AvazyakatA hai to isa bAta ki isa mahattvapUrNa grantha ko hindI, aMgrejI Adi bhASAoM meM anudita karake prakAzita kiyA jAe tAki prAkRta bhASA se aparicita loga bhI bhAratIya saMskRti kI isa anamola dharohara kA lAbha uThA skeN| _____ aMgavijjA bhAratIya nimitta zAstra kI vividha vidhAoM para prakAza DAlane vAlA adbhuta evaM prAcInatam grantha hai| isI prakAra jaina tantra zAstra kA bhI yaha anamola evaM prathama graMtha hai| paramparAgata mAnyatA aura isa graMtha meM upalabdha Antarika sAkSya isa tathya ke pramANa haiM ki yaha graMtha dRSTivAda ke AdhAra para nirmita huA hai (bArasame aMge diTThivAe..... suttakkiyaM tao isameM bhAratIya saMskRti aura itihAsa kI amUlya nidhi chipI huI hai| munizrI puNyavijaya jI ne ati zrama karake isake vibhinna pariziSToM meM usakA saGketa diyA hai aura usI AdhAra para vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne isakI vistRta bhUmikA likhI hai| jisase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki aMgavijjA bhAratIya saMskRti kA anamola grantha hai| isakA adhyayana apekSita hai| prastuta prasaGga meM maiMne aMgavijjA ke pariprekSya meM mAtra namaskAramantra kI vikAsa yAtrA kI carcA kii| Age icchA hai ki aMgavijjA ke AdhAra para labdhi padoM kI vikAsa yAtrA kI carcA kI jaaye| ye labdhi pada sUrimantra aura jaina tAntrika sAdhanA ke AdhAra haiM aura inakA prathama nirdeza bhI aMgavijjA meM milatA hai| sAtha hI ye namaskAramantra ke hI eka vikasita svarUpa haiN| isakI vistRta carcA Age kisI zodha lekha meM kreNge| vastuta: muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ne aMgavijjA ko sampAdita evaM prakAzita karake aisA mahAna upakAra kiyA hai ki kevala isa para saikar3oM zodha lekha aura bIsoM zodha-prabandha likhe jA sakate haiN| vidvat varga isa sAmagrI kA upayoga kare yahI muni zrI ke prati unakI sarvottama zraddhAJjali hogii| sandarbha 1. sAmAyika sUtra (kAyotsarga- AgAra sUtra- 4) 2. mahAnizItha, (zrIAgamasudhAsindhuH-dazamo vibhAga:) saMpA0 zrI vijaya jinendra . sUrIzvara, zrI harSapuSpAmRta jaina graMthamAlA granthAMka-77, lAkhA bAvala, zAMtipurI saurASTra, 1/1. 3. tithyara guNANamaNaMta bhAgamalabmaMtamannattha, vahI- 3/25. 4. siddhANaM Namo kiccA, uttarAdhyayanasUtra, (navasuttANi) jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, 20/1. 5. Avazyaka niyukti, harSapuSpAmRta jaina graM0mA0, lAkhAbAvala, saurASTra-1110. 6. aMgavijjA- 1/10-11 pR0- 1

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zramaNa jaina saMdarbha meM acetana dravya vyavasthA -DaoN. vinoda kumAra tivArI - jaina paramparA meM saMsAra kI samasta vastuoM kA vibhAjana do vargoM meM kiyA gayA hai aura unheM jIva evaM ajIva kI saMjJA dI gayI hai| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra jIva kA sAdhAraNata: artha cetana dravya yA AtmA hai jabaki ajIva se tAtparya acetana vastuoM yA aise dravyoM se hai, jinameM cetanA nahIM pAyI jaatii| acetana dravyoM meM pudgala ke atirikta deza aura kAla bhI sammilita kiye gaye haiN| ajIva meM bhI jinake zarIra hote haiM, unheM "astikAya ajIva" kahate haiM aura jinake zarIra nahIM hotA, unheM "anastikAya ajIva" kahA jAtA hai| ajIva dravyoM kA vibhAjana pA~ca samUhoM meM kiyA gayA hai- dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala aura kaal| inameM se prathama cAra ko astikAya kahA gayA hai, kyoMki inameM aneka pradeza hote haiM, athavA dUsare zabdoM meM ye sthAna gherate haiN| para kAla meM cUMki eka hI pradeza hai, ata: vaha astikAya nahIM hai| isa sRjana ke antargata ajIva tattva kA nAza nahIM hotA hai isI kAraNa ise dravya kahA gayA hai| jahA~ pudgala meM rasa, rUpa, gaMdha aura sparza jaise lakSaNa hote haiM, vahIM anya dravyoM meM ye guNa nahIM pAye jaate| dharma, adharma aura AkAza eka haiM, parantu pudgala aura jIva aneka haiN| prathama tIna kriyArahita haiM, jabaki padgala aura jIvoM meM kriyA hotI hai| kAla meM kriyA nahIM hai aura yaha eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna ko nahIM jA sktaa| dharma, adharma, AkAza evaM jIva meM aneka pradeza hote haiM, para aNu meM pradeza kA abhAva hotA hai, ata: ise anAdi, amadhya aura apradeza bhI kahA gayA hai| ye dravya usa AkAza meM jahA~ jIva, dharma, adharma, kAla evaM pudgala vyApta rahate haiM, svacchanda rUpa se vicaraNa karate haiN| sAmAnyata: dharma aura adharma kA artha kramaza: puNya aura pApa se liyA jAtA hai, para jainoM ne dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya kA vizeSa arthoM meM prayoga kiyA hai| 'dharmAstikAya' ajIva tattva kA vaha bheda hai, jo svayaM kriyArahita hai aura dUsare meM bhI kriyA utpanna nahIM krtaa| lekina yaha kriyAzIla jIvoM aura pudgaloM kI kriyA meM sahAyatA * rIDara, itihAsa vibhAga, yU0Ara0 kAleja, rosar3A, samastIpura- 848210 /

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10 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 avazya pradAna karatA hai|6 isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki jIva aura padgala kI apanI gati nahIM hotI, balki yaha to eka mAdhyama hai, jisake dvArA gati paidA hotI hai| jisa prakAra saMsAra kI pratyeka vastu meM pariNamana karane kI zakti maujUda hai, phira bhI kAla dravya kI madada ke binA koI vastu pariNamana nahIM kara sakatI, usI prakAra dharmAstikAya ke binA kisI meM gati nahIM ho sktii| ise eka choTe se udAharaNa dvArA samajhA jA sakatA hai| eka machalI pAnI meM tairatI hai| binA pAnI ke machalI nahIM taira sktii| ThIka isI taraha dharma kriyAzIla jIva aura pudgaloM kI kriyA meM sahAyaka ke rUpa meM kArya karatA hai| dharma na to svayaM kriyAzIla hai aura na yaha kisI meM kriyA utpanna karatA hai| para yaha usakI kriyA yA gati meM eka Avazyaka AdhAra yA kAraNa ke rUpa meM kArya karatA hai| ajIva tattva lokAkAza meM vyApaka rUpa meM rahatA hai| lekina yaha rasa, rUpa, gaMdha, zabda aura sparza vihIna hai| yaha pariNAmI hokara bhI nitya hai, kyoMki utpAda aura vyaya hone ke bAvajUda isakA svarUpa kAyama rahatA hai| gati aura pariNAma kA yaha kAraNa hai| __ adharmAstikAya jIva aura pudgala ko sthira rahane meM sahAyatA pradAna karatA hai| yaha ThIka usI prakAra hai jisa taraha eka bar3A per3a apanI chAyA meM thake pathika ko ArAma pahu~cAtA hai yA use sahAyatA pradAna karatA hai|1deg yaha dharma kA pratiloma hai aura isameM rasa, rUpa, gaMdha evaM sparza kA abhAva hai| yaha amUrta, nitya aura lokAkAza meM vyApta hai|11 dharma aura adharma eka sAtha lokAkAza ke pratyeka pradeza meM rahate haiM, para donoM nitya nirAkAra aura gatihIna haiN| dharma dravya aura adharma dravya kI tulanA Adhunika vijJAna ke kramaza: 'Ithara' tattva aura nyUTana ke 'AkarSaNa siddhAMta' se kI gaI hai| jisa prakAra Ithara ko amUrta, vyApaka, niSkriya aura adRzya mAnane ke sAtha-sAtha gati kA Avazyaka mAdhyama bhI mAnA gayA hai, usI prakAra jaina darzana meM dharma dravya ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| ajIva tattvoM ke antargata AkAzAstikAya eka aisA tattva hai, jisameM jIva, dharma, adharma, kAla evaM padgala ko apanI-apanI sthiti ke lie sthAna kI prApti ho jAtI hai|12 yaha adRzya hai aura isakA jJAna mAtra anubhava se hI prApta ho sakatA hai| binA AkAza ke astikAya dravyoM kA vistAra ho hI nahIM sakatA hai| 13 jaina vicAraka AkAza ke do bheda mAnate haiM- lokAkAza aura alokaakaash| 'lokAkAza' AkAza kA hI pratirUpa hai, para 'alokAkAza' meM gati kA honA saMbhava nahIM hai|14 lokAkAza meM asaMkhya aura alokAkAza meM ananta pradeza haiN| lokAkAza meM jIva, padgala, dharma aura adharma kA nivAsa hotA hai, jabaki alokAkAza vizva ke pradeza se bAhara hai| jaina vicAraka lokAkAza ko sAnta mAnate haiM aura usake Age ananta AkAza mAnate haiM, para AiMsTIna ne samasta loka ko sAnta mAnA hai aura ve usase Age kucha nahIM maante|15

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jaina saMdarbha meM acetana dravya vyavasthA 11 jar3a padArtha yA vastu ko jaina darzana ke antargata pudgala ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| isa ajIva dravya kI paribhASA dete hue aisA vicAra vyakta kiyA gayA hai- 'jisa bhautika dravya kA saMyojana aura vibhAjana ho sake, vahI pudgala dravya hai| isalie pudgala ko aisA dravya mAnA gayA hai, jise jor3akara hama bahuta bar3A banA sakate haiM aura ise hissoM meM bAMTakara choTA se choTA bhI banA sakate haiN| yaha sImita aura mUrta rUpa hai aura isameM ATha prakAra ke sparza, pA~ca prakAra ke rasa, do prakAra ke gaMdha aura pA~ca taraha ke rUpa pAye jAte haiM / 16 jIva kI pratyeka kriyA isake rUpa meM abhivyakta hotI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki usake aNuoM se anubhava kI sArI vastue~ banI haiM, jisameM prANiyoM ke zarIra, jJAnendriyA~ aura mAnasa bhI zAmila haiN| aisA vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki jIvoM kA nivAsa sabhI aNuoM ke andara hotA hai aura isa prakAra sampUrNa jagat vastutaH jIvoM se yukta hai| ye karma ke rUpa meM bhI hote haiM aura inhIM karma pudgaloM ke samparka se jIva 'baddha' hotA hai| pudgala ke 'sarala' yA 'ANavika' aura 'skandha' yA 'yaugika' do rUpa hote haiN| jaba kisI vastu kA vibhAjana kiyA jAtA hai, to anta meM eka aisI avasthA AtI hai, jahA~ vastu kA aura vibhAjana sambhava nahIM hotaa| usI avibhAjya aMza ko 'aNu' kahA jAtA hai / 17 aneka paramANuoM ke saMgama se jo dravya taiyAra hotA hai, use skandha yA saMghAta kahate haiN| saba pratyakSa yogya vastue~ skandha yA yaugika haiM / 18 skandhoM ke vibhAjana ke phalasvarUpa antataH aNu yA paramANu kI prApti hotI hai| yadyapi paramANu nitya hai tathApi skandhoM ke TUTane se usakI utpatti hotI hai| do aNuoM ke mela se dvipradeza aura dvipradeza tathA eka aNu ko milAkara tripradeza banatA hai| isIprakAra bar3e aura sUkSma ananta pradezI skandha taiyAra hote haiN| Adhunika rasAyana vijJAna meM jisa aNu kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vaha jaina sAhitya meM varNita aNu kI taraha nahIM hai| Adhunika vijJAna ke 'aNu' ko vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai, para jaina darzana kA aNu to mUla kaNa hai, jisakA apanA svayaM kA astitva hai aura usameM koI mizraNa nahIM hotA jise vibhAjita kiyA jA ske| zabda, bandha, sUkSmatA, sthUla, saMsthAna, AkAra, aMdhakAra, chAyA, prakAza aura Atapaye sabhI pudgala ke pramANa haiN| 19 anya dArzanikoM ne zabda ko AkAza kA guNa mAnA hai, para jaina vidvAnoM ne ise eka alaga maulika guNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai, balki ve zabda ko skandha yA Agantuka guNa batalAte haiM / 2deg isake pramANa meM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki yadi zabda AkAza kA guNa hotA, to ise mUrtika karNendriya ke dvArA grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA thA, kyoMki amUrtika AkAza kA guNa bhI amUrtika hI hotA hai aura amUrtikako mUrti indriya nahIM jAna sakatI / jo vastumAtra ke parivartana meM sahAyaka hotA hai, use kAla dravya kahA jAtA hai| jaina AcArya umAsvAti ne dravyoM kI vartanA, pariNAma kriyA, navInatva yA prAcInatva 'kAla' ke kAraNa hI saMbhava mAnA hai / 21 dravyoM ke pariNAma aura kriyAzIlatA kI vyAkhyA kAla

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12 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 ke dvArA hI hotI hai| kAla ko eka aisA dravya mAnA gayA hai, jise na to hama dekha sakate haiM, na usakI AvAja suna sakate haiM, na usakA sparza kara sakate haiM, aura na usakI gaMdha hI prApta kara sakate haiN| isIlie pratyakSa ke dvArA kAla ke astitva ko kabhI anubhava nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| isake lie anumAna kA hI sahArA lenA par3atA hai| vastuoM meM jo pariNAma yA usakI avasthA vizeSa meM jo parivartana hotA hai, usakI vyAkhyA ke lie kAla ko mAnanA par3atA hai| yaha nitya hai, ata: pudgala sadA gatizIla rahatA hai| vyAvahArika dRSTikoNa meM kAla ko 'samaya' ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai, jisakA vibhAjana Adhunika kAla meM ghaMTA, minaTa aura sekeNDa ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| samaya nizcaya kAla kA eka rUpa hai, parantu jIva aura padgaloM kI gati ke dvArA abhivyakta hone ke kAraNa 'pariNAma bhava' kahalAtA hai| samaya asthAyI hai, ata: ise kAla-aNu bhI kahA jAtA hai| cUMki kAla aNumAtra pradeza ko spaSTa karatA hai, ata: isake kAya nahIM hote| kAla aNa paraspara nahIM milate, yadyapi ye samasta lokAkAza meM bhare rahate haiN| nizcaya kAla nitya hai aura dravyoM ke pariNAma meM sahAyaka hotA hai| uparokta guNoM ke kAraNa jaina vicArakoM ne kAla ke do varga kiye haiM- pAramArthika yA nizcaya kAla aura vyAvahArika kaal| jahA~ pAramArthika kAla nitya tathA nirAkAra hai, vahIM vyAvahArika kAla sAMsArika hai aura isakA prAraMbha tathA anta hotA hai|22 guNadharma ke AdhAra para kucha jaina dArzanikoM ne kAla ko svataMtra dravya na mAnakara dUsare dravyoM kA hI eka paryAya mAnA hai| akhaNDa dravya hone ke kAraNa yaha astikAya nahIM hai, varana yaha avayavoM ke binA hI samasta vizva meM vyApta rahatA hai|23 uparokta sabhI dravya ajIva aura acetana mAne gaye haiM, ata: inameM sukha aura du:kha kA jJAna nahIM hotaa| pudgala ko chor3akara anya sabhI astikAya dravya asImita AkAra vAle haiN| pudgala meM svabhAva se hI rasa, rUpa, gaMdha aura sparza kA astitva hotA hai| kAla dravya ko anya dArzanikoM ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai, para unhoMne vyavahAra kAla ko hI kAla dravya mAna liyA hai| kAla dravya-aNurUpa vastu ko kevala jaina zAstroM meM hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha kAla dravya bhI AkAza kI taraha hI amUrta hai| antara kevala itanA hai ki AkAza akhaNDa hai jabaki kAla dravya aneka haiN|24 isa prakAra hama pAte haiM ki jaina darzana meM ajIva tattva kA eka vizeSa sthAna hai, jo tatkAlIna aura Adhunika kaI vicAroM se bhinna hai, tathApi isakI upayogitA isake vaijJAnika tathyoM ke kAraNa adhika parilakSita hotI hai| sandarbha 1. jaikobI, saikreDa buksa Apha da IsTa, khaNDa 22, pR0-XL. 2. ema0 hiriyannA, AuTalAinsa oNpha iMDiyana philaoNsaphI, pR0- 158. AkAza kA vaha hissA, jisameM eka paramANu raha ske| 4. tattvArthasUtra, vivecaka- paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna,

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jaina saMdarbha meM acetana dravya vyavasthA vArANasI, 5/ 1-4. DaoN0 umeza mizra- bhAratIya darzana, pR0- 111. nemicandra, dravyasaMgraha, TIkAkAra- paM0 amRtalAla, ratnAkara kAryAlaya, lakSmIpurA sAgara 1968, pR0- 17. 7. tattvArthasUtra, 19/3, 5, 6, 7 evaM 13. paMcAstikAya, paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, zrImad rAjacaMda Azrama, agAsa, vi0saM0, 2025; 85. niyamasAra, anu0- AryikA jJAnamatI, vIra jJAnodaya graMthamAlA, hastinApura, 1984, pR0-30. 10. mohanalAla mehatA, jaina philaoNsaphI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1971, pR0-73. 11. paMcAstikAya, 86. 12. paMcAstikAya, 90. 13. vardhamAnapurANa, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, naI dillI, 1975, XVI, 31. 14. dravyasaMgraha, 19. 15. ghAsIrAma jaina, kAsmolAjI olDa eNDa nyU, pR0- 58. 16. tattvArthadhigamasatra, 5/ 23. 17. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 77. 18. sarvadarzanasaMgraha, umAzaMkara zarmA pR0- 26. 19. dravyasaMgraha, TIkA- gAthA 16. 20. vahI, 71. 21. tattvArthasUtra vArANasI, 5/22 / 22. dravyasaMgraha, TIkA- 21. 23. sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pR0-35-36. 24. sarvArthasiddhi, saMpA0 - paM0 phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1955, pR0-191.

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zramaNa jaina darzana kA mAnavavAdI dRSTikoNa DaoN. vijaya kumAra jaina* darzana jagat meM do paramparAe~ prAcInakAla se pravAhita hotI A rahI haiMprakRtivAdI aura nirpekssvaadii| prakRtivAda jahA~ prakRti ko hI ekamAtra antima satya tathA svayaMbhU mAnatA hai, vahIM nirapekSavAda prakRti ko eka antima satya kI bAhya abhivyakti mAnatA hai| kintu mAnavavAda, jo mAnava ko hI ekamAtra mahattva detA hai, ko prakRtivAda aura nirapekSavAda kA virodhI mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki mAnavavAda kA mukhya uddezya mAnava -anubhUti kI vyAkhyA karanA hai| yaha manuSya ko bauddhika jagat ke kendra meM rakhatA hai tathA vijJAna ko mAnava jIvana se saMbaMdhita karatA hai| eka prakRtivAdI kI dRSTi meM mAnava adhika se adhika eka prAkRtika vastu hai| usakA utanA hI mahattva ho sakatA hai jitanA ki anya prAkRtika vastuoM kaa| isI prakAra eka nirapekSavAdI ke anusAra mAnava bhI antima satya kI abhivyakti mAtra hai, apane svarUpa tathA niyati kA nirmAtA nhiiN| ata: svAbhAvika hai ki mAnavavAda ina donoM siddhAntoM se bhinna hogaa| bAlDavina kI DikzanarI oNpha philaoNsaphI eNDa sAikolojI (Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology) meM mAnavavAda ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai- yaha vicAra vizvAsa athavA karma sambandhI vaha paddhati hai jo Izvara kA parityAga karake manuSya tathA sAMsArika vastuoM para hI kendrita rahatI hai| pAzcAtya dArzanika korlisa lomoNTa ke anusAra mAnavavAda samasta mAnava jAti kA vizva darzana hai jo, vibhinna jAtiyoM aura saMskRtiyoM ke vyaktiyoM aura unakI asaMkhya saMtAnoM ke dArzanika evaM naitika mArgadarzana meM samartha ho sakatA hai| inasAiklopIDiyA oNpha hyUmeniTIja (Encyclopaedia of Humanities) meM likhA hai ki mAnava jIvana kI samasyAoM ko mahattva pradAna karane kI pravRtti mAnavavAda hai; vizva meM mAnava ko sarvottama sthAna dene kI pravRtti mAnavavAda hai| isI meM Age kahA gayA hai ki yaha vaha vicAradhArA hai jo mAnavIya mUlyoM aura mAnavIya AdarzoM kA prAdhAnya svIkAra karatI hai; yaha vaha vicArAdhArA hai jo mAnava prakRti ke usa pakSa para bala detI hai jo prema, sahayoga aura pragati meM vyakta hotA hai, na ki kaThoratA, svArtha yA AkramaNazIlatA pr| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki mAnava kI pratiSThA tathA adhikAroM ke lie sammAna, vyakti * pravaktA, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vaaraannsii|

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jaina darzana kA mAnavavAdI dRSTikoNa ke rUpa meM usake mUlya, logoM ke maMgala-kalyANa, unake cahumukhI vikAsa, manuSya ke lie sAmAjika jIvana kI paristhitiyoM ke nirmANa ke lie cintA Adi ko abhivyakta karane vAle vicAroM kI samagratA hI mAnavavAda kA lakSya hai| vastuta: mAnava-svataMtratA hI mAnavavAda hai| jaisA ki je0 maikyUrI ne kahA hai- manuSya ke Upara kisI bhI uccatara sattA kA astitva nahIM dekhA jAtA hai, isalie manuSya Avazyaka rUpa se apane mUlyoM kI sRSTi karatA hai, apanA mApadaMDa evaM lakSya banAtA hai, apane mokSa ke lie kAryakrama banAtA hai| manuSya kI apanI zakti evaM buddhi se pare kucha bhI nahIM hai, isalie apanI sahAyatA ke lie apane se bAhara nahIM dekha sakatA, isI rUpa meM use apane yA samAja ke bAhara kisI bhI nirNaya ke prati samarpaNa karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| ata: mAnava-svataMtratA mAnavavAda kA AdhAra hai, kyoMki Izvara yA Izvara ke astitva meM vizvAsa karane para mAnava sukhI nahIM raha sktaa| itanA hI nahIM Izvara yA Izvara meM vizvAsa manuSya ke uttaradAyitva ko bhI samApta kara detA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki manuSya hI apane mUlyoM kA nirdhAraNa karatA hai| kaipalesTana ne apanI pustaka meM likhA hai- manuSya kA sarvaprathama astitva dekhA jAtA hai aura tabhI vaha apane ko paribhASita karatA hai| vaha apanI svataMtra icchAoM dvArA svayaM ko nirmita karatA hai| vaha sirpha usI ke lie uttaradAyI hotA hai jisakA nirmANa vaha svayaM karatA hai| manuSya mUlyoM kA sraSTA bhI hai aura draSTA bhI hai| nirapekSa mUlyoM kA koI astitva nahIM hai| sArvabhauma aura Avazyaka naitika niyama kA bhI koI astitva nahIM hai| manuSya apane mUlya kA cayana svayaM karatA hai| uparyukta mAnavavAdI-dArzanika paramparA meM jaina darzana kA bhI nAma AtA hai| sampUrNa bhAratIya darzana meM eka jaina darzana hI hai jo pUrNa mAnava-svataMtratA kI bAta karatA hai| yaha vaha darzana hai jo mAnava-kalyANa, mAnava kI kartavya parAyaNatA, mAnava-samatA, mAnava kI mahattA, usakI cAritrika zuddhi, sarvamaMgala kI bhAvanA, ahiMsaka-pravRti, sudRr3ha evaM svaccha Arthika vyavasthA, AdhyAtmika, sAmAjika evaM naitika mUlya, vizvabandhutva kI bhAvanA tathA Izvara kA mAnavIkaraNa Adi mAnavavAdI cintanoM ko apane meM sameTe hue hai| kintu jaina darzana ke mAnavavAdI dRSTikoNa ko samajhane se pUrva 'mAnavavAda' aura 'mAnavatAvAda' ke aMtara ko samajha lenA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki samAnyatayA donoM ko eka mAna liyA jAtA hai| jaisA ki pro0 sAgaramala jaina ne apanI pustaka "jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana" meM 'mAnavatAvAdI siddhAnta aura jaina AcAra darzana' zIrSaka ke antargata pAzcAtya mAnavavAdI siddhAnta se tulanA karate hue jaina darzana ke zuddha mAnavavAdI dRSTikoNa ko prastuta kiyA hai, kintu 'mAnavavAda' kI jagaha para unhoMne mAnavatAvAda zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| DaoN0 surendra varmA ne bhI apane lekha kA zIrSaka "naitikatA meM mAnavatAvAdI dRSTikoNa' diyA hai, jisake antargata unhoMne AdhAra svarUpa mAnavavAdI dRSTikoNa kI vyAkhyA kI hai, kintu unake prastutIkaraNa

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16 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca 1998 meM kahIM-kahIM mAnavatAvAdI dRSTikoNa kI bhI jhalaka milatI hai, jaise- mAnavatAvAdI sahiSNutA kA AdhAra vibhinna dhArmika vizvAsoM meM nihita maulika ekatA hai jo sarvavyApI aura Avazyaka rUpa meM naitika hai| dharmoM kI yahI sarvavyApI naitikatA mAnavatAvAdI sahiSNutA ko sambhava banAtI hai|" (vizva jyoti, sitambara, 95, pR0 - 23) / DaoN0 varmA kA yaha kathana bhAratIya dRSTi se to ThIka hai, kyoMki jo naitika zubha hai, vahI dharma hai aura jo dharma hai vahI naitika zubha hai| kintu pAzcAtya dRSTi meM dharma aura naitikatA ko alagaalaga rUpa meM dekhA jAtA hai| vahA~ dharma kA sambandha bhAvanA se hai jabaki naitikatA kA sambandha kartavya se hai| dharma kA AdhAra vizvAsa yA zraddhA hai jabaki naitikatA kA AdhAra bauddhikatA hai, viveka hai| isI prakAra DaoN0 ela0 ke0 ela0 zrIvAstava ne apane nibandha kA zIrSaka to "jaina dharmaH mAnavatAvAdI dRSTikoNa: eka mUlyAMkana' (zramaNa, 1989, aMka-3) diyA hai, kintu unhoMne jaina darzana ke mAnavavAdI evaM mAnavatAvAdI donoM dRSTikoNoM ko prastuta kiyA hai| eka ora unhoMne sAdhaka ko binA IzvarIya kRpA ke apane nijasvarUpa ko prApta karane para bala diyA hai, to dUsarI ora 'savve sattA na haMtavvA' kahate hue pUrNa jIvadayAvAda ko bhI prastuta kiyA hai / unake pUre nibandha kA adhyayana karane ke pazcAt yaha dRSTigocara hotA hai ki DaoN0 zrIvAstava ne mAnavavAda kI apekSA mAnavatAvAda ko jyAdA prastuta kiyA hai / mAnavavAda aura mAnavatAvAda ke bheda - vijJAna ko muni zrI sudhAsAgara jI mahArAja ne bhI spaSTa kiyA hai- Aja ke loga mAnavavAda aura mAnavatAvAda ko eka mAna rahe haiN| yena-kena-prakAreNa apanI jiMdagI kI jijIviSA pUrNa karanA mAnavavAda kI paribhASA meM bhale hI A sakatA hai| lekina mAnavatAvAda to "jiyo aura jIne do " kI bAta sikhAtA hai| mAnavavAda eka khoja hai aura mAnavatAvAda una khojI huI vastuoM meM heya - upAdeya kI kalpanA karAtA hai| mAnavavAda eka jIvana hai to mAnavatAvAda jIvana jIne kI kalA hai| mAnavavAda eka sRSTi hai to mAnavatAvAda eka dRSTi hai / mAnavavAdI dRSTikoNa dUsaroM kA vinAza karake apanI jindagI jItA hai, lekina mAnavatAvAdI apanI jindagI miTAkara bhI dUsaroM ko jIne meM sahAyatA karatA hai / " yahA~ para munizrI ne jainadarzana ke manavatAvAdI pakSa para vizeSa bala diyA hai 7 mAnavavAda aura mAnavatAvAda meM aMtara 1. mAnavavAda ke lie aMgrejI meM hyUmenijma (Humanism) tathA mAnavatAvAda ke lie (Humanitarianism) zabda AtA hai| 2. mAnavatAvAda Izvara kI sattA meM vizvAsa karatA haiM, jabaki mAnavavAda meM isake lie koI sthAna nahIM hai| 3. mAnavatAvAda mukhyataH bhAvanA para AdhArita hai, jaise- dayA kI bhAvanA, karuNA kI bhAvanA, jabaki mAnavavAda buddhi para AdhArita hai|

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jaina darzana kA mAnavavAdI dRSTikoNa 17 4. mAnavatAvAda kA samarthaka vizvabaMdhutva kA prasAra-pracAra isalie karegA ki hama saba Izvara kI saMtAna haiM aura Izvara dvArA nirmita hone ke kAraNa mAnava rizte meM bhAI - bhAI haiM / kintu mAnavavAdI vizvabaMdhutva kI bAta naitikatA tathA vaijJAnikatA ke AdhAra para kregaa| 5. mAnavatAvAda ke anusAra naitikatA dharma kA pahalA stara hai jabaki mAnavavAda ke anusAra naitikatA hI dharma hai| 6. mAnavatAvAda ke anusAra manuSya ko svataMtra aura apanA bhAgyavidhAtA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki mAnavatAvAdiyoM ke anusAra sarvazaktimAna, sarvajJa va sarvavyApI Izvara hI jagat kI hara gatividhi kA kartA hai| jabaki mAnavavAda ke anusAra mAnava svayaM apane puruSArtha ke bala para Izvaratva ko prApta karatA hai| 7. mAnavatAvAda ke anusAra sabhI jIva samAna haiM, ata: unheM kisI prakAra kA kaSTa nahIM denA cAhie, jabaki mAnavavAda kA ekamAtra lakSya mAnava hai| mAnavavAda aura mAnavatAvAda ke uparyukta aMtara ko dekhate hue kahA jA sakatA hai ki donoM meM saiddhAntika aMtara ho sakatA hai, lekina samagratA kI dRSTi se dekheM to donoM hI siddhAntoM kA lakSya mAnavakalyANa hai| mAnava, donoM ke hI kendra - bindu meM nihita hai, mAtra siddhAntoM ko kriyAnvita karane kA tarIkA alaga-alaga hai| mAnavavAda kI vizeSatAe~ 1. oNksaphorDa DikzanarI ke anusAra mAnavavAda Izvara se saMbaMdhita na hokara manuSya ke hitoM se saMbaMdhita hai| 2. mAnavavAda meM mAnava jIvana kI vyAkhyA eka vizeSa dizA meM kI jAtI hai| 3. mAnavavAda eka naitika darzana hai aura naitikatA usakA ekamAtra AdhAra hai| 4. mAnavavAda sabhI alaukika, atiprAkRtika tathA prabhutAvAdI zaktiyoM kA virodha karatA hai| 5. isake anusAra samIkSAtmaka buddhi tathA vaijJAnika buddhi hamAre naitika mUlyoM kI punarracanA meM sahAyaka ho sakate haiN| 6. mAnavavAda, mAnavajIvana kI samasyAoM ko mahattva pradAna karane kI pravRtti hai| 7. vizva meM mAnava ko sarvottama sthAna dene kI pravRtti hai / mAnavavAda aura mAnavatAvAda meM aMtara dekhane ke pazcAt yaha zaMkA uTha sakatI hai ki jainadarzana pUrNa ahiMsAvAdI aura pAralaukikatAvAdI hai phira hama use mAnavavAdI kaise kaha sakate haiM? ahiMsA ke sambandha meM samAdhAna hama Age 'mAnavavAda aura ahiMsAvAda' zIrSaka ke antargata prastuta kreNge| jahA~ taka pAralaukikatA ke pratyaya ko svIkAra karane

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18 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 kI bAta hai to yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina dArzanika pAralaukikatA ko svIkAra karate hue bhI vartamAna jIvana ke prati udAsIna nahIM haiN| pro0 sAgaramala jaina ke zabdoM meM- "naitika sAdhanA kA pAralaukika sukha kI kAmanA se koI sambandha nahIM hai, balki pAralaukika sukha-kAmanA kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA naitika karma dUSita hotA hai| jaina dArzanika naitika sAdhanA ko na aihika sakhoM ke lie aura na pAralaukika sukhoM ke lie mAnate haiM, varan unake anusAra to naitika sAdhanA kA ekamAtra sAdhya hai- AtmavikAsa evaM aatmpuurnntaa|' mAnava kI mahattA ___mAnava kI mahattA ko na kevala jainAgamoM meM balki vaidika granthoM evaM bauddha sAhityoM meM bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM kahA gayA hai- na mAnuSAt zreSThataraM hi kinycit| arthAt manuSya se zreSTha aura kucha nahIM hai| dhammapada meM kahA gayA hai "kicce maNussa paTilAbho" arthAt manuSya janma durlabha hai|10 gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ne bhI mAnava kI durlabhatA ko batAte hue kahA hai- "bar3e bhAga mAnusa tana paavaa"| saca, sukarmoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI yaha mAnava tana prApta hotA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM mAnava kI garimA ko batAte hue kahA gayA hai- jaba azubha-karmoM kA vinAza hotA hai taba AtmA zuddha, nirmala aura pavitra hotI hai aura tabhI use mAnava janma kI prApti hotI hai| 11 kitanI hI yoniyoM meM bhaTakane ke bAda yaha mAnava zarIra prApta hotA hai| tabhI to mahAvIra ne kahA hai- "cirakAla taka idhara-udhara bhaTakane ke pazcAt bar3I kaThinAI se sAMsArika jIvoM ko manuSya kA janma prApta hotA hai, sahaja nahIM hai| duSkarma kA phala bar3A bhayaMkara hotA hai| ataeva he gautama! kSaNa bhara ke lie bhI pramAda mata kr|'' 12 itanA hI nahIM jaina cintana meM mAnava ko anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantavIrya aura anantAnanda vAlA mAnA gayA hai| pratyeka manuSya meM devatva prApta karane kI janmajAta kSamatA hotI hai| pratyeka varNa evaM varga kA vyakti isa pUrNatA kI prApti kA adhikArI hai| mAnavavAda aura karmavAda karma ke viSaya meM jitanI vistRta aura sUkSma vyAkhyA jaina darzana meM kI gayI hai utanI zAyada hI kisI anya darzanoM meM kI gayI ho| karmavAda kA eka sAmAnya niyama hai pUrva meM kiye gaye karmoM ke phala ko bhoganA tathA naye karmoM kA upArjana krnaa| isI pUrvakRta karmoM ke bhoga aura navIna karmoM ke upArjana kI paramparA meM prANI jIvana vyatIta karatA rahatA hai| kintu prazna uThatA hai ki karmavAda meM kahIM para vyakti ko apanI svataMtratA ke upayoga kA bhI avasara prApta hotA hai yA mazIna kI bhA~ti pUrva kRta karmoM ke phala ko bhogatA huA tathA navIna karmoM kA bandha karatA huA gatizIla rahatA hai? aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA balki karma siddhAnta ke antargata icchA-svAtaMtrya ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| vaha isa rUpa meM ki pUrvakRta karmoM kA phala kisI na kisI rUpa meM avazya bhoganA

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jaina darzana kA mAnavavAdI dRSTikoNa 19 par3atA hai, kintu naye karmoM ke upArjana karane meM vaha kisI sImA taka svataMtra hai| yaha satya hai ki kRtakarma kA bhoga kiye binA jIva ko mukti nahIM mila sakatI, kintu yaha anivArya nahIM hai ki prANI amuka samaya meM amuka karma hI upArjita kre| vaha bAhya paristhiti evaM apanI Antarika zakti ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue nae karmoM kA upArjana roka sakatA hai| ina bAtoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki karmavAda meM icchA svAtaMtrya to hai kintu sImita hai, kyoMki karmavAda ke anusAra prANI apanI zakti evaM bAhya paristhitiyoM kI avahelanA karake koI kArya nahIM kara sakatA / jisa prakAra vaha paristhitiyoM kA dAsa hai usI prakAra use apane parAkrama kI sImA kA bhI dhyAna rakhanA par3atA hai| jaina vidvAn padmanAbha jainI ke anusAra - " jaina dharma manuSya ko pUrNa dhArmika svataMtratA dene meM hara anya dharma se bar3hakara hai| jo kucha karma hama karate haiM aura unake jo phala haiM unake bIca koI hastakSepa nahIM kara sktaa| eka bAra kara liye jAne para kRtakarma hamAre prabhu bana jAte haiM aura unake phala bhogane hI par3ate haiN| merA svAtaMtrya jitanA bar3A hai utanA hI bar3A merA dAyitva bhI hai| maiM svecchAnusAra cala sakatA hU~, kintu merA cunAva anyathA nahIM ho sakatA aura usake pariNAmoM se maiM baca nahIM sakatA / 13 karma ke AdhAra para vyakti devatva ko prApta karatA hai- arthAt mAnava svayaM apanA bhAgyavidhAtA hai| Izvara AdhArita dharma kI vizeSatA yaha hotI hai ki ve Izvara ko manuSya ke stara kI ora khIMcate haiM, parantu jo dharma Izvara para AdhArita nahIM haiM ve manuSya ko Izvara ke stara meM uThAnA cAhate haiM / arthAt Izvara - anirbhara dharma kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM manuSya kA Adarza hai - Adarza mAnava / Izvara-nirbharadharma meM karma ke sAtha-sAtha Izvara kI kRpA bhI Avazyaka hai kintu jaina dharma-darzana meM Izvara kI kRpA yA hastakSepa kA koI siddhAnta nahIM hai| yadi maiM corI karU~, jhUTha bolU~ to usakA dAyitva merA hai, Izvara kA nahIM aura isakA phala bhI mujhe hI bhoganA pdd'egaa| Izvara meM jina zaktiyoM aura vizeSatAoM kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai, ve saba hI jIva meM vidyamAna haiM, ata: jaina dharma Atma-nirbharatA kI zikSA detA hai| jaina karma-siddhAnta kI hI bhA~ti mAnavavAda bhI icchA - svAtaMtrya ko mAnatA hai| icchA-svAtaMtrya kA yaha abhiprAya nahIM hai ki jo mana meM Aye vahI kreN| aise icchA - svAtaMtrya ke lie na to mAnavavAda meM koI sthAna hai aura na hI jaina karmavAda meM | jisa prakAra jaina karmavAda yaha svIkAra karatA hai ki mAnava svayaM apanA bhAgyavidhAtA hai usI prakAra mAnavavAda bhI mAnatA hai ki vyakti apane puruSArtha ke bala para binA kisI daivika zakti Izvaratva ko prApta kara sakatA hai| sAtha hI mAnavavAda karma ke aucitya aura anaucitya kA nirdhAraNa samAja para usake pariNAma ke AdhAra para karatA hai / isI prakAra jaina darzana vyavahAra-dRSTi se karma - pariNAma ko aura nizcaya - dRSTi se karma-preraka ko aucitya aura anaucitya ke nirNaya kA AdhAra mAnatA hai|

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20 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 mAnavavAda aura aparigrahavAda mAnavavAda Arthika samAnatA meM vizvAsa karatA hai| mAnavavAdI dRSTikoNa meM Arthika kriyAe~ samasta mAnavIya cintana aura pragati kI kendra-bindu hai| vastuta: mAnavavAda ke anusAra Arthika viSamatA hI sAmAjika viSamatA kA mUla kAraNa hai| isa Arthika viSamatA ko dUra karane ke lie hI jaina darzana ne aparigraha kA siddhAnta diyA hai| parigraha, jise saMgrahavRtti bhI kahA jAtA hai, eka prakAra kI sAmAjika hiMsA hai| yaha parigrahavRtti Asakti se utpanna hotI hai| Asakti kA dUsarA nAma lobha hai| lobha samagra sadguNoM kA vinAzaka hai|14 tRSNA ke svarUpa ko batAte hue uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai- yadi sone aura cA~dI ke kailAsa parvata ke samAna asaMkhya parvata bhI khar3e kara diye jAyeM to bhI yaha duSparya tRSNA zAnta nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki dhana cAhe kitanA bhI ho vaha sImita hI hai aura tRSNA ananta aura asIma hai, ata: sImita sAdhanoM se isa asIma tRSNA kI pUrti nahIM kI jA sktii|15 jaina AcAra darzana ke anusAra vyakti Asakti kI bhAvanA kA tyAga karake anAsakti ko jIvana meM utArane kA prayatna kare, kyoMki jo saMvibhAga aura saMvitaraNa nahIM karatA usakI mukti saMbhava nahIM hai| aisA vyakti pApI hai|16 ata: vyakti ko utanA hI saMgraha karanA cAhie jitane kI usako AvazyakatA hai| AvazyakatA se tAtparya hai- jo jIvana ko banAye rakhe aura vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko kuMThita na kre| isa prakAra jaina darzana na kevala AvazyakatA kA parisImana karatA hai balki yaha bhI batAtA hai ki hameM jIvana kI anivAryatAoM aura tRSNA ke antara ko jAnanA evaM samajhanA caahie| tRSNA anantatA hai to anivAryatA siimittaa| saMgraha aura zoSaNa kI duSpravRttiyoM ke phalasvarUpa Arthika evaM varga-saMgharSa kA janma hotA hai| isa varga-saMgharSa ko dUra karane kA ekamAtra upAya hai- aparigraha kA siddhaant| sAdhaka ho yA gRhastha, use aparigraha ke mArga para calane ko jaina AcAra darzana meM Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki mAnavavAda aura jaina cintana donoM hI mAnava mAtra kI samAnatA meM vizvAsa karate haiN| donoM ke anusAra saMgraha evaM vaiyaktika parigraha sAmAjika jIvana ke lie abhizApa hai, kyoMki pratyeka manuSya ko jIne kA samAna adhikAra hai| mAnavavAda aura anaikAntika dRSTi sAmAjika viSamatA kA eka pramukha kAraNa vaicArika bhinnatA bhI hai| anekAntavAda isa vaicArika bhinnatA ko dUra karatA hai| anekAntavAda vaha siddhAnta hai jo aneka meM vizvAsa karatA hai| aneka se tAtparya hai- aneka dharma (lakSaNa), aneka sImAe~, aneka apekSAe~, aneka dRSTiyA~ aadi| jo kisI eka dharma, eka sImA, eka apekSA tathA eka dRSTi ko satya mAnatA hai aura anya dRSTiyoM ko galata kahatA hai, vaha ekAntavAdI kahalAtA hai tathA jo aneka dharmoM yA apekSAoM ko mAnyatA pradAna karatA hai, vaha anekAntavAdI

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21 jaina darzana kA mAnavavAdI dRSTikoNa kahalAtA hai| "anantadharmAtmakaM vastu' arthAt vastu ke ananta dharma hote haiN| una ananta dharmoM meM se vyakti apane icchita dharmoM kA samaya-samaya para kathana karatA hai| vastu ke una ananta dharmoM ke do prakAra hote haiM- 'guNa' aura 'pryaay'| jo dharma vastu ke svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa karate haiM arthAt jinake binA vastu kA astitva kAyama nahIM raha sakatA unheM guNa kahate haiM, jaise- manuSya meM-manuSyatva', sonA meM 'sonaapn'| manuSya meM yadi manuSyatva na ho to vaha aura kucha ho sakatA hai, manuSya nhiiN| isI prakAra yadi sonA meM 'sonApana' na ho to vaha anya koI dravya ho sakatA hai, sonA nhiiN| guNa vastu meM sthAyI rUpa se rahatA hai, jabaki paryAya badalate rahate haiN| isa prakAra jaina darzana sthAyitva aura asthAyitva kA samanvaya karate hue kahatA hai ki vastu guNa kI dRSTi se dhruva hai, sthAyI hai tathA paryAya kI dRSTi se asthAyI hai| byAkhyAprajJapti meM kahA gayA hai- hama, jo asti hai use asti kahate haiM, jo nAsti hai use nAsti kahate haiN| pratyeka padArtha hai bhI aura nahIM bhI hai| apane nija-svarUpa se hai aura para-svarUpa se nahIM hai| apane putra kI apekSA se pitA, pitA-rUpa meM sat hai aura para-rUpa kI apekSA se pitA, pitA-rUpa meM asat hai| yadi para-putra kI apekSA se pitA hI hai to vaha sAre saMsAra kA pitA ho jAyegA, jo asambhava hai| ise aura bhI sarala bhASA meM hama isa prakAra kaha sakate haiM- gur3iyA caurAhe para khar3I hai| eka ora se choTA bAlaka AtA hai, vaha use mA~ kahatA hai| dUsarI ora se eka vRddha AtA hai, vaha use putrI kahatA hai| isI prakAra koI use tAI, koI mAmI to koI phUphI kahatA hai| sabhI eka hI vyakti ko vibhinna nAmoM se sambodhita karate haiM tathA paraspara saMgharSa karate haiM ki yaha mA~ hI hai, putrI hI hai, patnI hI hai aadi| isa saMgharSa kA samAdhAna anekAntavAda karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki yaha tumhAre lie mA~ hai, kyoMki tuma isake putra ho; anya logoM ke lie yaha mA~ nahIM hai| vRddha se kahatA hai ki yaha putrI bhI hai, ApakI apekSA se, saba logoM kI apekSA se nhiiN| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki pratyeka vastu ke do pahalU hote haiN| tAtparya hai hama jo kucha bhI kahate haiM usakI sArthakatA evaM satyatA eka vizeSa sandarbha meM tathA eka vizeSa dRSTikoNa se hI ho sakatI hai| kevala apanI hI bAta ko satya mAnakara usa para ar3e rahanA tathA dUsaroM kI bAta ko koI mahattva na denA eka mAnasika saMkIrNatA hai aura isa mAnasika saMkIrNatA ke lie mAnavavAda meM koI sthAna nahIM hai| mAnavavAda aura ahiMsAvAda ahiMsA kA sAmAnya artha hotA hai 'hiMsA na krnaa| AcArAMgasUtra meM ahiMsA ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai-"saba prANI, saba bhUta, saba jIva aura tattvoM ko nahIM mAranA cAhie, na anya vyakti dvArA maravAnA cAhie, na balAt pakar3anA cAhie, na paritApa denA cAhie, na una para prANahAra upadrava karanA caahie| yaha ahiMsA dharma hI zuddha hai|18 sUtrakRtAMga ke anusAra- "jJAnI hone kA sAra yahI hai ki kisI bhI prANI

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22 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 kI hiMsA na kreN| ahiMsAmUlaka samatA hI dharma kA sAra hai basa, itanI bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI caahie|19 kintu ahiMsA kI pUrNa paribhASA AvazyakasUtra meM prApta hotI hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki kisI bhI jIva kI tIna yoga aura tIna karaNa se hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie, yahI ahiMsA hai|20 mana, vacana aura karma tIna yoga kahalAte haiM tathA karanA, karavAnA aura anumodana karanA tIna karaNa kahalAte haiN| isa taraha nau prakAra se hiMsA nahIM karanA hI ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA ke do rUpa hote haiM- niSedhAtmaka aura vidheyaatmk| inheM nivRtti aura pravRtti bhI kahA jAtA hai| dayA, dAna Adi ahiMsA ke pravRtyAtmaka rUpa haiN| yahA~ ahiMsA kI vistRta vyAkhyA na karake itanA kahanA Avazyaka hai ki jaina paramparA meM hara gatizIla vastu, cAhe vaha jala, vAyu, graha-nakSatra hI kyoM na ho yA patthara, vRkSa jaisI gatizUnya vastu hI kyoM na ho, unameM bhI jIvanazakti ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ para zaMkA upasthita ho sakatI hai ki jaina darzana pUrNa jIvadayAvAda yA pUrNa ahiMsA meM vizvAsa karatA hai phira vaha mAnavavAdI kaise ho sakatA hai? yaha saca hai ki jaina darzana pUrNa ahiMsA meM vizvAsa karatA hai aura isa dRSTi se yahA~ usakA dRSTikoNa mAnavatAvAdI (Humanitarianistic) ho jAtA hai, lekina mAtra isa AdhAra para jaina darzana kA mUlyAMkana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki kaI sandarbho meM to vaha mAnavavAda se bhI Age hai| jaina dharma ahiMsA ke niSedhAtmaka rUpa para hI vizeSa bala detA hai| pUrva kAla meM jainAcAryoM ne ahiMsA ke niSedhAtmaka pakSa ko hI prastuta kiyA hai aura Aja bhI zvetAmbara terApaMthI jaina samAja ahiMsA ke niSedhAtmaka pakSa ko hI mAnatA hai| ahiMsA ke vidheyAtmaka pakSa dayA, dAna Adi meM unakA vizvAsa nahIM hai| jo jaina paramparA ke mAnavavAdI dRSTikoNa ko prastuta karatA hai| yadi mAtra ahiMsA ke siddhAMta ko lekara sampUrNa jaina darzana kI vyAkhyA kareMge to yaha usake prati anyAya hogaa| ahiMsA siddhAnta ke anusAra sabhI jIva samAna haiM, ata: kisI ko du:kha nahIM pahu~cAnA caahie| kintu mAnavavAda ke anusAra manuSya kI sattA hI pradhAna hai yadi kisI viSailI davA kA aviSkAra hotA hai to mAnavavAdI ke anusAra usakA prathama prayoga manuSya ko chor3akara anya kisI bhI jIva para kiyA jA sakatA hai,jabaki mAnavatAvAda isakI ijAjata nahIM detaa| ata: ahiMsA siddhAnta mAnavavAda (Humanism) kI kasauTI para pUrNata: kharA nahIM utaratA / mAnavavAda aura jaina darzana kI vizvadRSTi lomoNTa eka prajAtAMtrika mAnavavAdI haiN| unake anusAra mAnavavAda mAnava jAti kA vizvadarzana hai| yahI eka darzana hai jo bIsavIM zatAbdI kI AtmA aura usakI AvazyakatAoM ke lie upayogI hai| yaha vaha darzana hai jo mAnava jIvana aura usake astitva kA sAmAnyIkaraNa hai, jo prAya: sabhI dezoM aura jAtiyoM ko samaSTipUrNa dRSTikoNa pradAna kara sakatA hai| jaina dharma-darzana bhI lokamaMgala kI dhAraNA ko lekara hI Age bar3hatA hai| ahiMsA, anekAnta aura aparigraha kA siddhAnta usakI vizvadRSTi

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jaina darzana kA mAnavavAdI dRSTikoNa 23 hI to hai| ahiMsA kI mahattA para prakAza DAlate hue praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM kahA gayA hai- yaha ahiMsA bhayabhItoM ke lie zaraNa ke samAna hai, pakSiyoM ke lie AkAzagamana ke sAmAna, pyAsoM ke lie pAnI ke samAna, bhUkhoM ke lie bhojana ke samAna, samudra meM jahAja ke samAna, rogiyoM ke lie auSadhi ke samAna aura aTavI meM sahAyaka ke samAna hai / 21 tIrthaMkara - namaskArasUtra meM lokanAtha, lokahitakara, lokapradIpa, abhayadAtA Adi vizeSaNa tIrthaMkara ke lie prayukta hue haiM jo jaina darzana kI vizvadRSTi ko prastuta karate haiN| 22 vizvakalyANa kI bhAvanA ke anukUla pravRtti karane ke kAraNa hI to tIrthaMkara ko sarvocca sthAna diyA gayA hai| jainAcAryoM ne sadA hI Atmahita kI apekSA lokakalyANa ko mahattva diyA hai| yaha bhAvanA AcArya samantabhadra kI isa ukti se spaSTa hotI hai- he bhagavan, ApakI yaha saMgha - vyavasthA sabhI prANiyoM ke duHkhoM kA anta karanevAlI aura sabakA kalyANa karane vAlI hai / 23 saMghadharma, rASTradharma, nagaradharma, grAmadharma, kuladharma Adi kA sthAnAMgasUtra 24 meM ullekha honA yaha pramANita karatA hai ki jaina dharma darzana -lokahita, lokakalyANa kI bhAvanA se otaprota hai| mAnavavAda aura jaina darzana kA samatAvAdI dRSTikoNa mAnavavAda aura jainadarzana donoM hI samatAvAda meM vizvAsa karate haiN| donoM kI mAnyatA hai ki samAz2a meM vibhinna varga aura vicAradhArA ke loga rahate haiM lekina isakA matalaba yaha to nahIM hai ki mAnava, mAnava se alaga haiN| donoM hI manuSya haiM, donoM meM manuSyatA kA vAsa hai / vyakti na to janma se aura na hI jAti se U~cA- nIcA hai balki ye sabhI antara karma ke AdhAra para hote haiN| karma ke dvArA hI vaha ucca pada ko prApta karatA hai aura karma ke dvArA hI patana kI ora agrasara hotA hai| jaina paramparA meM isa taraha ke kaI udAharaNa milate haiN| jaina muni harikezabala janma se cANDAla kula ke the jisake. kAraNa unheM cAroM ora se bhartsanA aura ghRNA ke sivA kucha na milaa| ve jahA~ bhI gaye, vahA~ unheM apamAna-rUpa viSa kA pyAlA hI milaa| lekina jaba unhoMne jIvana kI pavitratA kA sahI mArga apanA liyA to vahI vandanIya aura pUjanIya ho gaye / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bar3e hI spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai kammuNA baMbhaNoM hoi, kammuNA hoi khattio / vaisso kammuNA hoi, suddho havai kammuNA / / 25 arthAt karma se hI vyakti brAhmaNa hotA hai| karma se hI kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra . hotA hai| ataH zreSThatA aura pavitratA kA AdhAra, jAti nahIM balki manuSya kA apanA karma hai| muni cauthamalajI ke matAnusAra eka vyakti duHzIla, ajJAnI aura prakRti se tamoguNI hone para bhI amuka varNa vAle ke ghara meM janma lene ke kAraNa samAja meM pUjya, AdaraNIya, pratiSThita aura U~cA samajhA jAya, aura dUsarA vyakti suzIla, jJAnI aura

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24 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 satoguNI hone para bhI kevala amuka kula meM janma lene ke kAraNa nIca aura tiraskaraNIya mAnA jAya, yaha vyavasthA samAjaghAtaka hai| jaina vicAraNA meM isa viSamatA ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hai| vastuta: sabhI vyakti janmata: samAna haiN| unameM dhanI athavA nirdhana, ucca athavA nimna kA koI bheda nahIM hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki sAdhanAmArga kA upadeza sabhI ke lie samAna hai| jo upadeza eka dhanavAna yA uccakula ke vyakti ke lie hai, vahI upadeza garIba yA nimnakulotpanna vyakti ke lie hai| isa prakAra jaina dharma-darzana ne jAtigata AdhAra para U~ca-nIca kA bheda asvIkAra kara mAnava mAtra kI samAnatA para bala diyA hai| mAnavavAda aura jaina IzvaravAda IzvaravAdiyoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki Izvara isa jagata kA saSTikartA, pAlanakartA tathA saMhArakartA hai| jIvoM ko nAnA yoniyoM meM utpanna karanA, unakI rakSA karanA aura apane-apane karma ke anusAra phala denA Izvara kA kArya hai| vahI jIvoM kA bhAgyavidhAtA hai| vaha apane bhakta kI stuti yA pUjA se prasanna hokara usake sAre aparAdhoM ko kSamA kara detA hai| jaina darzana meM uparyukta Izvara kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jaina darzana kA Izvara na to kisI kI stuti se prasanna hotA hai aura na nArAja hI hotA hai, kyoMki vaha vItarAgI hai| jaina darzana na to Izvara ke sRSTi kartRtva meM vizvAsa karatA hai, na hI usake anAdi siddhatva meM aura na hI usake anusAra Izvara eka hai| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra prANI svayaM apane karmoM dvArA sukha-duHkha ko prApta karatA hai tathA binA kisI daivI kRpA ke svayaM apane prayatna se apanA vikAsa karake Izvara bana sakatA hai| Izvara-pada kisI vyakti vizeSa ke lie surakSita nahIM hai balki sabhI AtmAe~ samAna haiM aura saba apanA vikAsa karake sarvajJatA aura Izvaratva ko prApta kara sakate haiN| pratyeka AtmA meM anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha aura anantavIrya hotA hai| ata: guNa kI dRSTi se AtmA arthAt sAdhAraNa jIva aura Izvara meM koI antara nahIM hotaa| antara hai to guNoM kI prasuptAvasthA kA aura usake vikAsAvasthA kaa| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra Izvara ke svarUpa ko nirdhArita karate hue zrI jJAna muni jI ne likhA hai- 'yaha satya hai ki jaina darzana vaidika darzana kI taraha Izvara ko jagat kA kartA, bhAgyavidhAtA, karmaphaladAtA tathA saMsAra kA sarvesarvA nahIM mAnatA hai| jaina darzana kA vizvAsa hai ki Izvara satyasvarUpa hai, jJAnasvarUpa hai, AnandasvarUpa hai, vItarAga hai, sarvajJa hai, sarvadarzI hai| usakA dRzya yA adRzya jagat ke viSaya meM pratyakSa yA parokSa koI hastakSepa nahIM hai| vaha jagat kA nirmAtA nahIM hai, bhAgyavidhAtA nahIM hai, karma-phala kA pradAtA nahIM hai tathA vaha avatAra lekara manuSya yA kisI anya pazu Adi ke rUpa meM saMsAra meM AtA bhI nahIM hai|"26

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25 jaina darzana kA mAnavavAdI dRSTikoNa isa prakAra jaina darzana aura mAnavavAda (Humanism) donoM hI Izvara kI sattA ko svIkAra na karake mAnava-astitva aura usake puruSArtha meM vizvAsa karate haiN| donoM hI mAnate haiM ki mAnava meM Izvaratva ko prApta karane kI kSamatA nihita hai| uparyukta tathyoM ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai jaina darzana eka mAnavavAdI darzana hai| jisa mAnavavAdI darzana kA sUtrapAta pAzcAtya jagat meM proTAgorasa ne I0pU0 pA~cavI-chaThI zatI meM maina ija di mejara oNpha oNla thiMgsa (Man is the measure of all things) kahakara kiyA thA, vaha mAnavavAdI darzana hamArI bhAratIya paramparA ke jaina darzana meM usake pUrva se vidyamAna thA, jo hamAre lie gaurava kA viSaya hai| saMdarbha f. Humanism in Philosophy is opposed to Naturalism and Absolutism; it disignates the philosophic attitude which regards the interpratation of human experience as the primary concern of philosophizing, and asserts the adequacy of human knowledge for this perpose. Encyclopaedia of Ethics & Religion Vol-VI, P. 830. 2. The Philosophy of Humanism, p. 8 3. Encyclopaedia of Humanities (Philosophy), p.97 4. Ibid 5. God and Secularity, P. 103-104 6. Philosopher's and Philosophies, P. 165-166 7. jayodaya mahAkAvya parizIlana, saMpA0 DaoN0 ramezacandra jaina, digambara jaira samAja, madanagaMja, kizanagar3ha, 1995, pR0-33 8. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura, bhAga 1, 1982, pR0140 zAMtiparva (mahAbhArata), saMpA- paM0 rAmanArAyaNa datta pANDeya, gItApresa, gorakhapura 299/20 10. kicce maNussa pttilaamo| dhammapada, saMpA- paM0 rAmanArAyaNa datta pANDeya, gItApresa, gorakhapura 182 11. kammANaM tu pahANAe, ANupuvvI kyaaiu| jIvA sohimaNuppattA AyayaMti mnnussyN|| uttarAdhyayana, saMpA- madhukara muni jinAgama graMthamAlA, graMthAMka- 19, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1994; 3/7

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26 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 12. dullahe khalu mANuse bhave, cirakAleNa vi svvpaanninnN| gADhA ya vivAga kammaNo, samayaM goyama! mA pmaaye|| vahI 10/4 83. Jainism more than any other creed gives absolute religious independence and freedom to man. Nothing can intervene between actions which we do and the fruits there of. Once done they become our masters and must furctify. As my independence is great. So my responsibility is coextensive with it. I can live as I like; but my choice is irrevocable and I can not escape the consequences of it. Outlines of Jainism, p.3-4 14. koho pIiM paNAsei, mANo vinnynaasnno| mAyA mittANi nAsei, lobho svvvinnaasnno|| dazavaikAlika, saMpA0 - madhukara muni, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 8/38 15. suvaNNa-rUppassa u pavvayAbhave siyAhu kelAsasamA asNkhyaa| narassa luddhassa natehiM, kiMci icchAu AgAsasamA annntiyaa|| uttarAdhyayana-9/48 16. asaMvibhAgI aciytte| vahI-17/11 17. no khalu vayaM devANuppiyA! atthibhAvaM natthi tti vadAmo, natthibhAvaM atthi tti vadAmo amhe NaM devANuppiyA! savvaM atthibhAvaM atthi tti vadAmoM. savvaM natthibhAvaM natthI tti vdaamo| vyAkhyAprajJapti, saMpA0- madhukara muni, jinAgama graMthamAlA, graMthAMka- 18; Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara; 1983 7/10/6/2 18. savve pANA, savve bhUyA, savve jIvA,savve sattA, na haMtavvA, na ajjAveyavvA, na parighitavvA, na pariyAveyavvA, na uddeveyavvA, esa dhamme suddhe| AcArAMgasUtra- saMpA0- madhukara muni, jinAgama graMthamAlA, graMthAMka- 1; Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1980; 1/4/1 19. evaM khalu nANiNo sAraM jaM na hiMsai kiNcnn| ahiMsA samayaM ceva etAvaMtaM viyaanniyaa|| sUtrakRtAMga- saMpA0- madhukara muni, jinAgama graMthamAlA, graMthamAlA-9, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1982; 1/ 1/4/10 20. karemi bhaMte! sAmAiyaM savvaM sAvajjaM jogaM paccakkhami jAvajjIvAe, tivihaM tiviheNaM-maNeNaM vAyAe, kAeNaM na karemi, na kAravemi, karaMtaMpi annaM na smnnujaannaami| tassa bhaMte! paDikkamAmi, niMdAmi garihAmi appANaM vosiraami| AvazyakasUtra saMpA0- madhukara muni, 1/1 21. esA sA bhagavaI ahiMsA jA sA bhIyANa viva saraNaM, pakkhINaM viva

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27 jaina darzana kA mAnavavAdI dRSTikoNa gamaNaM, tisiyANaM viva salilaM, khuhiyANaM viva asaNaM, samuddhamajhe va poyavahaNaM, cauppayANaM va AsamapayaM, duhiTThayANaM va osahibalaM, azvImajjhe va sattha gamaNaM, jo visiTTatariyA ahiMsA jA saa| praznavyAkaraNa- saMpA0- madhukara muni, 2/1/108 22. namotthuNaM arahaMtANaM.......loguttamANaM loganAhANaM logahiyANaM logapaIvANaM logapajjoyagarANaM abhayadayANaM....... NamoM jiNANaM jiybhyaannN| pahalI kiraNa, sAdhvI zrI rAjImatI jI , pR0-30-31. 23. sarvodaya darzana, Amukha pR0-6 24. dasavidhe dhamme paNNatte, taM jahA- gAmadhamme, Nagaradhamme, raTThadhamme, pAsaMDadhamme, kuladhamme, gaNadhamme, saMghadhamme, suyadhamme, carittadhamme, atthikaaydhmme| sthAnAMgasUtra- saMpA0- madhukara muni, 10/135 25. uttarAdhyayana- saMpA0- madhukara muni, 25/33 26. marudharakesarI abhinandana graMtha, jodhapura 1968, dvitIya khaNDa, pR0-77 a.

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zramaNa jaina darzana aura kabIraH eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana -DaoN0 sAdhvI maMjuzrI sampUrNa bhAratIya darzanoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA rahA hai- vaidika darzana aura avaidika drshn| veda kI paramparA meM vizvAsa rakhane vAle nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, yoga, mImAMsA aura vedAnta ye cha: darzana vaidika darzana haiN| veda ko pramANa na mAnane vAle tIna avaidika darzana haiM- jaina, bauddha aura caarvaak| ___haribhadrasUri ke 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' kI TIkA meM guNaratnasUri ne kahA hai- ki AtmA, saMsAra (janma-maraNa), mokSa aura mokSa ke mArga meM jo vizvAsa karatA hai, vahI Astika hai| agara isa dRSTi se dekhA jAya to kevala cArvAka darzana ko tathA bauddha darzana ke kevala usa sampradAya ko, jo AtmA kA astitva nahIM mAnatA, nAstika kahA jA sakatA hai| anya sabhI bhAratIya darzana jinameM jainadarzana aura bauddha darzana bhI sammilita haiM, AtmA ko mAnate haiM, AtmA ke AvAgamana ko mAnate haiM, mokSa aura mokSa ke upAya ko bhI mAnate haiN| phira, jainadarzana ko nAstika kyoM kahA jAe? jaina darzana utanA hI Astika yA nAstika hai, jitanA anya koI hindU drshn| ___kucha vidvAnoM ne jaina aura bauddha darzana arthAt zramaNa-saMskRti ko vaidika saMskRti darzana kI zAkhA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai, jo ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki aitihAsika tathA Adhunika zodha ke AdhAra para yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki zramaNa saMskRti kA astitva vaidika saMskRti se bhI purAnA hai| jaina evaM bauddhamata eka hI haiM athavA jaina dharma bauddha dharma kI eka zAkhA mAtra hai, ye bhramamUlaka dhAraNAe~ bhI aba khaNDita ho cukI haiN| jaina paramparA ke anusAra, jainadarzana kA udbhava mahAvIra se nahIM, apita prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se huaa| mahAvIra to 24veM tIrthaMkara the, jo bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI isa prAcInatama paramparA ke sudhAraka yA punaruddhAraka mAtra the, isa prakAra ke paryApta sAkSya upalabdha haiM, jo bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko prAgvaidiqa siddha karate haiM aura jinake AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko saMsAra ke prAcInatama graMtha vedoM meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta thaa| zrImadbhAgavata se bhI isa bAta kA samarthana hotA hai ki RSabhadeva jainamata ke saMsthApaka the|

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jaina darzana aura kabIra: eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana jisa prakAra bauddha buddha ke anuyAyI haiM, zaiva ziva ke tathA vaiSNava viSNu ke, usI prakAra jaina 'jina' ke anuyAyI kahe jAte haiN| 'jina' zabda kisI vyakti kA nahIM, apitu guNoM kA vAcaka hai, avatAravAda kI nahIM, apitu uttAravAda kI pratiSThA karatA hai aura isa prakAra prakArAntara se mAnava ke naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kA unnAyaka hai| mAnavatA ke itihAsa meM jainadharma-darzana ne sadA se hI vizva-mAnava kI sevA kI hai| anekoM bAra rAjyAzraya milA, taba bhI binA kisI bhedabhAva ke apanI udAra sarvadharma sahiSNutA kA isane paricaya diyA hai| zizunAgavaMza, vaizAlI gaNataMtra ke zAsaka, nandavaMza, azoka ke atirikta samasta mauryavaMzI rAjA, dakSiNa ke rASTrakUTa, gaMga, kadamba tathA cAlukya rAjA, gujarAta ke mahArAjA jayasiMha siddharAja aura kumArapAla Adi rAjAoM kA to yaha rASTradharma yA kuladharma yA nijIdharma thaa| bhAratIya darzana ke itihAsa meM jainadarzana kA vizeSa mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| apane prArambhakAla meM jainadharma-darzana ne vaidika yajJoM meM vihita hiMsaka kriyAoM kA ghora virodha kiyaa| lokamAnya tilaka ke zabdoM meM 'bhArata se hiMsAtmaka yajJoM kA nirmUlana karane kA zreya jainiyoM ko hai| Rgveda ke AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki isa virodha ko prArambha karane kA zreya tatkAlIna vrAtya-paramparA ko hai, jise Age calakara mahAvIra ne pUrNatA pradAna kii| jaina darzana ko avaidika kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki yaha vedoM kI apauruSeyatA ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| yaha apanI darzana-paddhati ko bhI 'jina' kI daivIya preraNA kA rUpa nahIM detaa| DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan ke zabdoM meM, 'isakA dAvA kevala itanA hI hai ki yaha darzana cU~ki yathArthatA ke anukUla hai, isalie ise svIkAra karanA caahie| jainadharma kI do bar3I vizeSatAe~ ahiMsA aura tapa haiN| 'jainadharma kA ahiMsAvAda vedoM se nikalA hai'- aisA kahakara kucha vidvAn jaina-ahiMsA-siddhAnta ko vedoM se udhAra liyA huA mAnate haiN| lekina unheM zAyada yaha mAlUma nahIM hai ki RSabhadeva aura ariSTanemijainadharma ke ina do tIrthaMkaroM kA ullekha vedoM meM milatA hai, jinhoMne ahiMsA kI prANapratiSThA ke lie apane rAjasI jIvana kI sukha-suvidhAoM ko bhI Thokara mAra dI thii| jinakI sAdhanA kA mela Rgveda kI pravRttimArgI dhArA se kathamapi nahIM baitthtaa| isalie tarkasaMgata yahI hai ki ahiMsA aura tapa kI paramparA prAgvaidika thI, vedoM ke gArhasthyapradhAna yuga meM vairAgya, ahiMsA aura tapasyA ke dvArA dharma pAlana karane vAle jo aneka RSi the, unameM mahAyogI, yogezvara, yoga tathA tapamArga ke pravartaka zrI RSabhadeva kA anyatama

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30 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 sthAna thA aura unakI paramparA meM jo loga ahiMsA tathA tapazcaryA ke mArga para bar3hate rahe, unhoMne jaina dharma kA patha prazasta kiyaa| prazna ho sakatA hai ki mahAvIra ne vedoM kI avahelanA kyoM kI? isakA bhI uttara dinakara jI ke zabdoM meM yahI hai ki ahiMsA-dharma aura brAhmaNoM ke yajJavAda meM kucha tAttvika virodha thA aura brAhmaNa-sattA tathA yajJavAda kI prabhutA ke mukAbale meM ahiMsA kA khulakara pracAra karane ke lie yaha Avazyaka thA ki vedoM kA virodha kiyA jaae| jainadarzana ke siddhAnta jainadarzana ke anusAra pratyeka sat yA padArtha utpAd-vyaya-aura dhrauvyAtmaka hai| avasthAoM ke pratikSaNa parivartita hote rahane para bhI mUlabhUta dravya jyoM-kA tyoM avasthita rahatA hai| jaise-purAnA pAnI cale jAne aura nayA pAnI Ate rahane para bhI gaMgA gaMgA hI rahatI hai| jainadharma yaha mAnatA hai ki sRSTi anAdi hai aura vaha jina cha: tattvoM se banI hai, ve tattva bhI anAdi haiN| ye cha: tattva haiM- dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla, jIva aura pudgl| ina cha: tattvoM meM se kevala pudgala hI aisA dravya hai, jisakA anubhava pA~coM jJAnendriyoM se kiyA jA sakatA hai| isalie use 'mUrta' dravya kahate haiN| zeSa pAMca dravya amUrta haiN| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki ina chahoM dravyoM meM se kevala jIva hI cetanAyukta hai, zeSa pA~coM dravya acetana haiN| jainadarzana ke anusAra jIva aura pudgala kA saMyoga hI saMsAra hai| yahA~ dRzyamAna prakRti kA vizleSaNa karake use ANavika racanA batalAyA gayA hai tathA jIva ke niSkriya kiMvA mAtra sAkSI rUpa kI jagaha use sakriya mAnA gayA hai, arthAt jIva svayaM apane kAryoM kA kartA hai aura apane sukha-duHkha kA bhoktA hai, vaha cAhe to apane prabala AtmapuruSArtha ke bala para pUre jar3a jagat se saMbaMdha-viccheda karake pUrNamakti prApta kara svayaM paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| isa prakriyA meM kisI bhI sRSTikartA Izvara kI dakhalandAjI jainadarzana ko mAnya nahIM hai| naitika mUlyAMkana ke lie yaha svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai ki pratyeka manuSya isa saMsAra meM apane ko banA evaM bigAr3a sakatA hai aura yaha ki AtmA kA eka pRthak astittva hai, jise vaha apane mokSa kI avasthA meM akSuNNa banAe rakhatI hai| jaina-darzana kI mukhya viSezatAe~ haiM- isakA prANimAtra kA yathArtharUpa meM vargIkaraNa, isakA jJAna-saMbaMdhI siddhAnta jisake sAtha anivArya rUpa se saMyukta haiM isake prakhyAta siddhAnta -anekAntavAda, syAdvAda, saptabhaMgInaya aura isakA saMyamapradhAna aacaarshaastr|

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jaina darzana aura kabIra : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 31 jainadarzana karma (puruSArtha) ke anusAra varNa-vyavasthA ko mAnatA hai, na ki janma ke anusaar| vaha saba manuSyoM meM samAnatA kA pratipAdaka hai| usakA kahanA hai ki sabako apanA vikAsa karane kA samAna adhikAra hai, koI ucca yA nIca nahIM hai tathA strI aura zUdra ko bhI jJAna prApta karane kA adhikAra hai| janmagata jAti kA mithyAbhimAna aura usake kAraNa anya jAtiyoM se pRthaka rahane ke vicAra ko jaina darzana ne dUSita ThaharAyA hai| 'sUtrakRtAMga' janmaparaka abhimAna kI nindA karatA hai aura una ATha prakAra ke abhimAnoM meM isakI gaNanA karatA hai, jinake kAraNa manuSya pApa karatA hai / aba hama kabIra ke vicAroM para dRSTipAta kara leN| kabIra ke samaya meM vibhinna dharma-sampradAyoM kA vyApaka pracAra thA / 'sAra - sAra ko gahi rahe' kahane vAle saMta kabIra svayaM sAragrAhI the, isalie unake dArzanika dRSTikoNa ko anekoM matoM ne prabhAvita kiyaa| isIlie Aja taka bhI anekoM vidvAn unake dArzanika vyaktitva ke bAre meM ekamata nahIM ho sake haiN| kisI ne unheM islAma se prabhAvita mAnA, to kisI ne sUphI mata se, to kisI ne advaita vedAnta se, kisI ne dvaitAdvaita athavA viziSTAdvaita se aura kisI ne kabIra para kisI bhI paMtha kA prabhAva mAnane se inakAra kara diyaa| jabaki vastu sthiti yaha hai ki kabIra sAragrAhI to the hI, samanvayAtmaka dRSTi sampanna bhI the| una para kisI bhI eka paMtha kA pUrNa prabhAva nahIM thaa| unhoMne sabhI jagaha satya kA anveSaNa kiyA, sAra-sAra ko grahaNa kiyA, thothe ko ur3A diyaa| isa dRSTi se hama kaha sakate haiM ki kabIra prakArAntara se anekAntavAda ke hI samarthaka the| yuktipurassara tattvagrAhI the| isa samanvayavAdI pravRtti ke pariprekSya meM jaba hama cintana karate haiM, to kabIra ke kucha jIvanamUlyoM / siddhAntoM kA nirdhAraNa kara pAte haiM yathA- anekatA kA nivAraNa kara eka parama satya kI sthApanA, andhavizvAsa kA nitAnta abhAva, rUr3hiyoM kI asvIkRti, jAtigata bhedabhAva ko asvIkAra karate hue bhI karmavAda, punarjanma, niyativAda, pApapuNya, svarga -: -naraka Adi meM AsthA, jIvana ke utthAna ke lie jJAna, vairAgya, bhakti, ahiMsA Adi para vizeSa bala denA Adi / jJAnI bhakta kabIra kI dArzanika cetanA kA yahI rahasya hai| jainadarzana aura kabIra kI tulanA jainadarzana ke samAna SaDddravya, navatattva Adi jIvana aura jagat se saMbaMdhita koI

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32 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 vyavasthita vicAra-saraNI kA prasAda yadyapi kabIra nahIM de pAe haiM, kyoMki kisI viziSTa darzana-praNAlI ke antargata unakA adhyayana hI nahIM ho pAyA thaa| dUsare, ve kavi-hRdaya the, kavi apanI kavitA meM darzana-zAstra kA praveza kalpanA ke tAne-bAne meM/paridhAna meM hI karAnA cAhatA hai, sIdhe-sIdhe nhiiN| udAharaNa ke lie AtmA jaise sarvamAnya tattva kI paribhASA bhI kabIra ne kahIM nahIM dI hai| lekina AtmAnubhava avazya kiyA hai aura usa AtmAnubhava kA kathana karanA, unake lie gUMge ke gur3a ke svAda ke samAna hai 'Atama anubhava jJAna kI, jo koI pachai baat| so gUMgA khAi kai, kahai kauna mukha svAda // 5 jaina darzana kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki jaba jIva ajJAna aura moha kI nIMda se jAgatA hai, taba vaha samyagdRSTi banatA hai, taba use apane meM aura paramAtmA meM svarUpa-dRSTi se koI antara naz2ara nahIM aataa| lekina kabIra jaba bhakti-dRSTi se jIva ko brahma kA aMza mAnate haiM taba unakI isa mAnyatA kA mela bhagavadgItA (15/7) ke sAtha to baiTha jAtA hai, parantu jainadarzana ke sAtha nahIM baitthtaa| kyoMki yahA~ brahma se jIva kI utpatti nahIM mAnI gaI hai| AtmA kI ajIva se pRthakatA, usake vibhinna nAma Adi ke viSaya meM kabIra aura jainadarzana ke mantavya samAna haiN| arihanta aura siddha ke rUpa meM jainadarzana meM kramaza: saguNa-sAkAra va saguNaniraMkAra brahma kI upAsanA kA vidhAna hai; yahAM avatAravAda, ekezvaravAda yA sRSTikartRtvavAda ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hai| isI prakAra milate-julate bhAva kabIra meM bhI prApta hote haiN| tathApi paramatattva ke viSaya meM kabIra ko aura unake brahma ko-donoM ko hI samajhanA muzkila pratIta hotA hai 'jasa ta tasa tohi koI na jaanaa| loga kaheM saba Ana hi aanaa||' lekina isakA artha yaha bhI nahIM hai ki kabIra saguNa avatAravAda ke samarthaka haiM athavA brahma ke svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM unakI koI nizcita dhAraNA nahIM hai| saca to yaha hai ki ve apane iSTadeva ko kisI bhI nAma se, cAhe vaha saguNavAcI ho yA nirguNavAcI, pukArane meM saMkoca yA hicaka kA anubhava nahIM krte| antara kevala itanA hI hai ki jainadarzana meM aneka zaddha AtmAe~ aneka brahma bana jAtI haiM aura kabIra ke mata se aneka AtmAe~ eka hI brahma ke aneka rUpa haiM aura yaha maulika bheda hI jainadarzana aura kabIra meM asamAnatA paidA karatA hai| lekina paramAtmasvarUpa meM koI tAttvika bheda donoM hI jagaha dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| mukta AtmAoM ko jainadarzana jJAnasvarUpa mAnatA hai, kabIra kahIM

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jaina darzana aura kabIraH eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 33 to jJAnasvarUpa mAna lete haiM, kahIM jJAna-vivarjita bhI kaha dete haiN| vedAntadarzana meM jJAtAjJAna-jJeya kI tripuTI kA brahma meM abhAva mAnA gayA hai| ho sakatA hai, isI prabhAvavaza kabIra mukta AtmAoM ko kahIM-kahIM jJAnavivarjita kaha dete haiN| ___anAtma meM Atmabuddhi, adeva meM devabuddhi, kuguru meM gurubuddhi, adharma meM dharmabaddhi, atattva meM tattva buddhi, saMsAramArga meM mokSamArga buddhi ke AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki kabIra kA 'mAyA' zabda zaMkara ke advaitavAda kI apekSA jainadarzana ke mithyAtva viSayaka nirUpaNa ke adhika samIpa hai| 'mAyA ko aMga' meM kabIra ne 'mAyA' ke vibhinna artha svIkRta kie haiN| yathAsvAdarUpI ugraviSayarUpI bANa mArane vAlI, bhAMDa banAne vAlI, AzA, tRSNA, dhana-daulata, mAna-sammAna kI bhUkha, dInatA, Asakti, viSayAsakti ityAdi jo isa tathya ke spaSTa sUcaka haiM ki yaha duniyA~ bhramarUpa nahIM hai,apitu vAstavika hai| bhrama to AtmA kI kumati kA hai (mithyAtva kA hai), jo use svarUpa-jJAna, svarUpa-pratIti, svarUpa-zraddhA, svarUpa-sAkSAtkAra, svarUpa-anubhUti evaM svarUpa-ramaNa nahIM karane detI, apitu para-dravya kI ora unmukha karatI hai| yaha svarUpa-cyuti hI mithyAtva hai, jo jaina-darzana sammata hai| kabIra ke yatra-tatra bikhare hue sphuTa vicAroM kI upalabdhi ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki kabIra karmavAdI pahale haiM, IzvaravAdI bAda meN| yaha karma do prakAra kA hai- (dravya karma aura bhAva karma) jaina darzana meM jise 'bhAva karma' kahA gayA hai, kabIra use 'bharama' (mithyAtva) kahate haiM aura jainadarzana-sammata dravyakarma ko 'karama' kahate haiM yaha tana tau saba bana bhayA, karama bhaye kulhaadd'i| Apa Apa kU kATi haiM, kahaiM kabIra vicaari||...... bharama karama doU gvaaii|' vaidikoM meM zrAddha kA vidhAna hai, jisake anusAra eka ke karma kA phala dUsare ko mila sakatA hai| bauddha bhI pretayoni ko mAnate haiM arthAt preta ke nimitta jo dAnapuNyAdi kiyA jAtA hai, preta ko usakA phala milatA hai| parantu jaina dharma meM pretayoni nahIM mAnI gaI hai| saMbhava hai ki karmaphala ke asaMvibhAga kI jaina mAnyatA kA yaha bhI eka AdhAra ho| jaina zAstrIya dRSTi to yahI kahatI hai ki karma karane vAle ko hI usakA phala bhoganA par3atA hai, koI dUsarA sagA-saMbaMdhI usameM bhAgIdAra nahIM bana sktaa| kabIra bhI kahate haiM- 'Apa karai Apai dukha bhrihaiN'|9 / jainadarzana ke anusAra siddhadazA pApa-puNya donoM se pare haiN| kabIra kA caramasAdhya bhI vahI hai 'agama agocara gami nahIM, tahAM jagamagai joti|

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34 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 jahA~ kabIrA baMdigI, tahA~ pApa puni nahIM hoti||10 svarga aura naraka kI kalpanA cArvAketara samasta bhAratIya darzanoM ko mAnya hai| antara sirpha itanA hai ki vaidika paramparA meM svarga kAmya ho sakatA hai, lekina zramaNaparamparA meM svargaprApti ko bhI bhava-bhramaNa kahA gayA hai| isa dRSTi se kabIra zramaNa-paramparA ke adhika najadIka dikhAI dete haiN| kyoMki ve svarga aura naraka ko sukha-duHkha kA bhoga sthAna mAnate haiN|11 jaina darzana meM 'samyak darzana (zraddhA), jJAna, cAritra ke samanvaya ko 'mokSamArga, kahA gayA hai| kabIra kI bhI hatantrI ise svIkAra karatI pratIta hotI hai 'dIpaka pAvaka AMNiyA, tela bhI AMNyA sNg| tInyUM mili karijoiyA, ur3i-ur3i par3e ptNg||12 / yahA~ dIpaka jJAna kA pratIka hai, tela zraddhA (darzana) kA aura pAvaka tapa saMyama rUpI cAritra kA pratIka hai| tInoM kA samanvaya jaba hotA hai, taba karma rUpI pataMge isa sAdhanAgni meM gira-gira kara samApta ho jAte haiN| jaina darzana meM vyaktigata dharma-dhAraNA kI dRSTi se cAritra ke do rUpa prApta hote haiM- agAra cAritra dharma arthAt gRhasthAcAra aura anAgAra cAritra dharma arthAt saadhvaacaar| ina donoM kI AcAra praNAlI kA vyavasthita evaM sUkSma nirUpaNa bhI vahA~ kiyA gayA hai| kabIra ne isa prakAra kI koI AcAra saMhitA nahIM batAI, kyoMki vaisA karanA na to unakA uddezya thA, na hI unase vaisA saMbhava hI thaa| lekina zodha karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki zrAvakAcAra aura sAdhvAcAra ke adhikAMza ghaTakoM se kabIra ke vicAra mela khAte haiN| yadi zrAvaka ke 12 vratoM evaM pratimAoM tathA sAdhu ke 5 mahAvratoM ke nAma vidhAna ko mahattva na diyA jAe, to kabIra kA virodha kisI bhI AcAra se nahIM hai| rahI karmakAMDIya pAkhaMDa kI bAta, to vahA~ bhI jaina darzana aura kabIra donoM ekamata haiN| donoM eka svara se usakA virodha karate haiN| bahuta se vidvAnoM kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki jaina dharma meM bhakti kA koI sthAna nahIM hai, kintu hama yahA~ isa sambandha meM tIna tathya spaSTa karanA cAhate haiM- pahalA yaha hai ki jaina dharma meM 'bhakti' zabda kA prayoga yatra-tatra bahulatA se milatA hai| yahA~ bhakti bhI zuddha evaM sAtvika tathA niSkAma kI jAtI hai, jo paramAtmA kA sAnnidhya pAne ke lie sarvotkRSTa upAya hai to burAiyoM se bacane ke lie rakSA kavaca bhI hai tathA apane iSTadevAdi ke guNa apane bhItara prakaTa karane kA sAdhana bhI hai| dUsarA yaha ki pataJjali13, gItAkAra14, zANDilya15 aura nArada16 ne bhakti

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jaina darzana aura kabIra: eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 35 ke pratipAdana meM kevala paramAtmabhakti kI hI bAta rakhI hai, gurubhakti kI nahIM, to phira kabIra ne inase gurubhakti nahIM sIkhI yaha tathya sUrya ke prakAza kI taraha spaSTa hai| tIsarA yaha ki jaina dharma meM paramAtmabhakti ke sAtha gurubhakti aura zrutabhakti bhI Avazyaka mAnI gayI hai aura tInoM ke AdhAra para jIvana ke sampUrNa vikAsa ko mAnyatA pradAna kI gayI hai|17 jainadharma meM tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA bandha karane vAle 20 guNa mAne gaye haiNarihNt-siddh-pvynn-guruu-ther-bhussue-tvssiisu| vacchalayAyatesiM, amikkha NANovaoge yaa| daMsaNa-viNae Avassae ya, sIla bae niriyaarN| ravaNa-lava-tavacciyAe, veyAvacce smaahiiyaa| apuvyanANa gahaNe, suyabhakti pavayaNe pa bhaavnnyaa| eehiM kAraNehiM tiththayarataM lahai jiivo||-jnyaataa0, a 8, ukta 20 guNoM meM se arihaMta-siddha-pravacana-guru Adi ke prati bhakti artha meM 'vatsalatA' (vAtsalya) zabda kA prayoga jaina darzana kA apanA anUThA prayoga hai| yahA~ 'vAtsalya' kA artha hai- nisvArtha sneha yA zuddha prema athavA alaukika anuraag| zrI somadevasUri ke anusAra 'vAtsalya' kA lakSaNa hai'ArthitvaM bhakti saMpattiH priyoktiH stkriyaavidhiH| sadharmasu ca saucitya kRtirvatsalatA mtaa||18 arthAt dharmAtmA puruSoM ke prati udAra rahanA,unakI bhakti karanA, miSTa vacana bolanA, Adara-satkAra tathA anya ucita kriyAe~ karanA 'vAtsalya' hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki 'vAtsalya' meM samarpaNa evaM prapatti kA bhAva antarnihita hai| jainadarzana meM mokSamArga hai- samyaka-darzana-jJAna-caritra kI paripUrNatA evaM ekruuptaa| jaina bhakta sudeva arthAt vItarAga jina paramAtmA kI bhakti karake apane samyagdarzana guNa ko pUrNa vikasita karanA cAhatA hai| satzruta kI bhakti karake apane samyagjJAna guNa ko evaM suguru kI bhakti karake apane samyak-cAritra guNa ko paripUrNatA pradAna karanA cAhatA hai| tAtparya yaha huA ki jainadharma meM bhakti-rasa-sUtra se anusyUta jJAnadarzana-cAritra ko hI mokSamArga mAnA gayA hai| kabIra kI bhakti para nAradIya, drAvir3Iya, vaiSNavIya aura paMcarAtrIya Adi anekoM prabhAva anekoM vidvAnoM dvArA mAnya kie gae haiN| hama yaha nahIM kahanA cAhate ki kabIra

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36 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 para ukta prabhAva nahIM par3e yA nahIM par3e hoNge| hama to yaha batAnA cAhate haiM ki kabIra kI bhakti para jainabhakti kA bhI prabhAva par3A hai| udAharaNArtha 'merA mana sumire rAma ku~, merA mana rAmahiM aahiN| aba mana rAmahiM hai rau, sIsa navAvauM kaahi||' kabIra kI ukta sAkhI kA sIdhA saMbaMdha paMcarAtroM Adi se jur3atA hai yA nahIM, isakA vivecana karanA hamArA abhipreta nahIM hai| lekina mani yogInda (chaThI zatI) aura muni rAmasiMha (11vIM zatI) ke nimna dohe se isakA sIdhA sambandha avazya pratIta hotA hai 'maNu miliyau paramesaraha~ paramesarU vi mnnss| bIhi vi samarasi havAha~ pUjja caDAvau~ kss||19 maNa miliyau paramesaraho paramesaru ji mnnss| biNNi vi samarasi hui rahiya pujja caDAvau~ kss'||20 AtmA-paramAtmA kI samarasatA kI sthiti kA digdarzana jina zabdoM meM muni yogIndu aura muni rAmasiMha ne karAyA hai, kabIra ne bhI unhIM bhAvoM ko unhIM zabdoM meM abhivyakta kiyA hai| jaba kabIra kahate haiM pUjA na karU~, na nimAja gujArU~, eka nirAkAra hiradai nmskaaruuN|' taba spaSTa hI ve zuddha paramatattva kI bhakti karate pratIta hote haiN| kabIra kI suguru bhakti to prasiddha hai hii| ve kahate haiM 'aneka janama kA gura-gura karatA, satagura taba bhedaaNnaaN| sad guru se, yogya guru se dIkSA lie binA jJAna kI prApti asaMbhava hai| kyA dIpazikhA kI anupasthiti meM kahIM aMdhakAra miTa sakatA hai| yaha bhakti, jJAna evaM cAritra se bhI zreSTha hai| isakA lakSya laukika bhoga-vilAsa athavA svarga prApti nahIM hai| yahA~ kisI ADambara aura kAmanA ko bhI sthAna nahIM haiN| isa viSaya meM kabIra aura jaina darzana donoM ekamata haiN| sabhI rahasyavAdI jaina kaviyoM kA yaha vizvAsa rahA hai ki paramAtmA kA nivAsa deha rUpI devAlaya meM hai| ye AtmajJAnI sAdhaka

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jaina darzana aura kabIra : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 37 IMToM evaM pattharoM se bane hue jar3a bhavanoM meM paramAtmA kI khoja nahIM krte| inakI dRSTi meM deha-devAlaya meM sthita paramAtmA aura mukti meM nivAsa karane vAle nirmala jJAnAdi-sampanna paramAtmA meM koI antara nahIM hai / ve kahate haiM 'jehau Nimmalu NANamau siddhahi Nivasai deu / tehau Nivasai baMbhu paru dehaha~ maM kari bheu / / 21 tathA 'dehA devali siu vasai tuhu~ devalai~ Niehi / hAsau mahu maNi atthi ihu siddhe bhikkha mamehi / / 22 santa kabIra bhI zarIra ko devAlaya mAnate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki 'kabIra duniyAM dehurai, sIsa navAMvaNa jAi / hiradA bhItara hari basai, tUM tAhI sauM lyo lAi / ' IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI se jaina dharma meM mUrtipUjA kI paramparA kA spaSTa vikAsa hotA huA hameM dikhAI detA hai / IsA kI 14vIM zatAbdI taka to mUrti-pUjana kI paramparA itanI Age bar3ha gaI thI ki AcArya sakalakIrti ne apane praznottara - zrAvakAcAra meM pratyeka zrAvaka ko apane ghara meM jinabimba ko sthApita karane kA upadeza dete hue yahA~ taka likha diyA ki - 'yasya gehe jinendrasya bimbaM na syAcchubhapradam / pakSigTahasamaM tasya gehaM syAdatipApadam // ' arthAt jisake ghara meM zubhaphaladAyaka jinendra kA bimba (mUrti) nahIM hai, usakA ghara pakSiyoM ke ghoMsale ke samAna hai aura pApadAyaka hai| to dUsarI ora mUrtipUjA kI vyarthatA ko siddha karane vAlI paramparAoM kA tumulanAda bhI hameM sunAI detA hai| samaya-samaya para mUrtipUjA ke virodha meM jaina AcAryoM ne AvAja uThAI hai| sthAnakavAsI paramparA kI to zuruAta hI isI nIMva para huI hai| isI prakAra terApaMthI aura digambara tAraNapaMthI sampradAyoM ne mUrtipUjA kA khulakara virodha kiyA hai| digambara mUrtipUjaka sampradAya meM bhI abhradeva jaise jinapUjA, zrutapUjA aura munipUjA ko mAnane vAle AcArya bhI antaraMga zuddhi ko vizeSa mahattva dete hue dikhAI

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38 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 dete haiM paThatu zAstra samUhamane kathA, jina samarthana marcanatAM sdaa| gurunatiM kurutAM dhrtaaNvrtN| yadizamo na vRthA sakalaM ttH|| -vratodyotana zrAvakAcAra arthAt yadi samabhAva nahIM hai, to aneka prakAra ke zAstroM ko par3hanA, jinendra deva kI sadA pUjA karanA, gurujanoM ko namaskAra karanA aura vrata dhAraNa karanA ye saba vyartha haiN| jina dinoM loMkAzAha (janma saM0 1472) mUrtipUjA kA jabaradasta virodha kara sthAnakavAsI jainasampradAya kI nIMva DAla rahe the, jar3a-pUjA ke sthAna para caitanyapUjA aura dravyapUjA ke sthAna para bhAvapUjA kI pratiSThA kara rahe the, unhIM dinoM kabIra bhalA isa mahA-Andolana kI lahara se achUte kaise raha sakate the| unhoMne bhI mUrtipUjA kA dRr3hatA se virodha kiyA aura kahA ki vizuddha bhAvoM sahita, niSkAma, nirguNa, nirAkAra kI bhAvapUjA, sevA-upAsanA se hI AtmA-paramAtmA kI aikyAnubhUti ho sakatI hai| ___ jaba kucha jainAcAryoM dvArA dravyapUjA ko itanA bar3hAvA diyA gayA ki dhaniye ke patte ke barAbara jina-bhavana banavAkara usameM sarasoM ke barAbara jina-pratimA sthApana kA mahAna phala batAyA gayA, 23 to kabIra ne isa kathana ko apane sAMce meM DhAlate hue kahA 'devala mAhaiM dehari, tila jai hai bistaar| mAha pakSI mAhiM jala, mAM, puujnnhaar|24 jainiyoM ko spaSTa rUpa se sambodhita karate hue kabIra ne kahA"jaina jIva kI sudhI na jaanaiN| pAtI tori dehurai aanai| donA maravA caMpaka phuulaa| tAmaiM jIva basai kara tuulaa| aru prathamoM kI roma upAe~, dekhata jIva koTi sNghaarai||25 arthAt- jaina,loga ahiMsA ke lie vikhyAta haiM, tathApi AcaraNa meM hiMsaka haiN| apane Apako ahiMsaka mAnate hue bhI ina jainoM ko jIva tattva kA jJAna nahIM hai| inako jIva hiMsA ke samaya hoza hI nahIM rahatA hai| ye loga phUla-pattiyoM ko tor3akara devAlaya meM lAte haiN| devAlayAdi ke nirmANa ke avasara para ghAsa-phUsa evaM paudhoM Adi

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jaina darzana aura kabIraH eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke rUpa meM ye pRthvI ke romoM ko ukhAr3ate haiN| isa prakAra dekhate-dekhate karor3oM jIvoM kA saMhAra kara dete haiN| ye vAstavika jJAna se prApya amara pada se vimukha haiN| kabIra kA ukta kathana mUrtipUjaka jainiyoM kI dRSTi se ThIka hai| lekina jaisA ki hama pahale bhI kaha cuke haiM- jainiyoM meM mUrtipUjA virodhI sampradAya bhI haiN| mUrtipUjA ke virodha meM unake aura kabIra ke vicAra samAna hI haiN| ata: kabIra kA ukta kathana sampUrNa jaina-upAsakoM para lAgU nahIM hotaa| pUre kabIra-vAGmaya meM mUrtipUjA-sambandhI ukta ullekha hI kabIra kI ora se jainiyoM para kiyA gayA sIdhA prahAra hai| jisase yaha tathya spaSTa udbhAsita ho jAtA hai ki kabIra jaina darzana kI sUkSma ahiMsA se bhalIbhA~ti abhijJa the aura yaha ahiMsA unheM svayaM ko svIkRta bhI thii| bhalA kabIra jaisA satyAnveSI sAdhaka apane yuga ke eka pramukha darzana se anjAna evaM aprabhAvita raha bhI kaise sakatA thA? niSkarSa yaha hai ki jaina dharma kA mUla una prAcIna paramparAoM meM rahA hai, jo AryoM ke Agamana se pUrva isa deza meM pracalita thii| kintu, yadi AryoM ke Agamana ke bAda se bhI dekheM to RSabhadeva aura ariSTanemi ko lekara jaina dharma kI paramparA vedoM taka paha~catI hai| isa dharma ke antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra (I0pU0 chaThI zatAbdI) hue, jinhoMne ise pUrNa rUpa se susaMgaThita aura sakriya bnaayaa| unhIM ke samaya se isa sampradAya kA nAma 'jina' dharma ko mAnane ke kAraNa 'jaina' ho gyaa| IsA kI AraMbhika sadiyoM meM uttara meM mathurA aura dakSiNa meM maisUra (zravaNabelagolA) jainadharma kA bahuta bar3A kendra thaa| pA~cavIM se 12vIM zatAbdI taka dakSiNa ke gaMga, kadamba, cAlukya aura rASTrakUTa rAjavaMzoM ne jainadharma kI bahuta sevA kii| 1215vIM zatI taka gujarAta, rAjasthAna aura madhya bhArata meM jainadharma kA kAphI utkarSa huaa| lokAzAha ke netRtva meM mUrtipUjA ke virodha meM zurU hue jaina-Andolana aura kabIra kI samAja-sudhAra-krAnti kA samaya eka hI hai| __eka virATa jana AMdolana jahA~ ho rahA ho aura jo apane yuga ke pramukha darzanoM meM se eka ho, kabIra jaise sAragrAhI saMta kI tatsambandhI abhijJatA sahaja aura anivArya hai| abhijJatA kA pariNAma yaha huA ki kabIra kAphI aMzoM meM jainadharma-darzana se prabhAvita hue| ata: AtmA viSayaka eka-do mantavyoM meM mata-vaibhinya hote hue bhI bahuta aMzoM meM jainadharma-darzana aura kabIra ke cintana meM sAmya hai| isa deza kI bhASAgata unnati meM jainamuni sahAyaka rahe haiN| pratyeka kAla evaM

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40 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 pratyeka kSetra meM jaba jo bhASA pracalita thI, jainoM ne usI ke mAdhyama se apanA pracAra kiyA hai| isI prakAra kabIra ne bhI apane upadezoM kA mAdhyama lokabhASA ko banAyA hai| jaina sAdhuoM kI ghumakkar3I vRtti kA bhI una para prabhAva par3A hai, isIlie ve dUra-dUra taka paidala bhramaNa kara sake aura unakI bhASA 'sadhukkar3I bhASA' kI saMjJA prApta kara skii| jaina darzana aura kabIra ke zabda-sAmya aura bhAva-sAmya ke kucha udAharaNa(1) - vaMdahu vaMdahu jiNu bhaNai, ko vaMdau hali itthu| NiyadehAhaM vasaMtayaha jai jANiu prmththu|| muni rAmasiMha, pAhuDa dohA, 41. arthAt jina kahate haiM- vaMdanA karo, vaMdanA kro| kintu yadi nijadeha meM avasthita Atmatattva hI paramArthataH paramAtmA hai, yaha maiMne jAna liyA hai, to maiM kise vaMdanA karUM? merA mana sumirai rAma kU~, merA mana rAmahiM aahi| aba mana rAmahiM hai rahmA,sIsa navAvauM kaahi| kabIra-granthAvalI (mizra), sA0 8, pR0- 14. (2) jaM kallaM kAyavvaM, nareNNa ajjeva taM varaM kaauN| maccU akaluNahiao, na hu dIsai AvayaMto vi|| -bRhatkalpabhASya,4674. kAla kare so Aja kara,Aja kare so ab| pala meM paralai hoyagI bahuri karegA kb|| kabIra-granthAvalI, sA0 402, pR0- 41. Au galai NAvi maNu galai Navi AsA hu glei| moha phurai Navi appa-hiu iya saMsAra bhmei|| yogasAra, dohA 49, pR-370. mAyA muI na mana muvA, mari mari gayA sriir| AsA triSNA nA~ muI, yauM kahi gayA kbiir|| kabIra-granthAvalI, (mizra), sA0 11, pR0-92. jai jara-maraNa karAliyau to jiya dhamma krehi| dhamma-rasAyaNu piyahi tuhu~ jima ajarAmara hohi|| -yogasAra, 46, pR0-369. (4)

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jaina darzana aura kabIra: eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 1. kabIra hari rasa yauM piyA, bAkI rahI na thaaki| pAkA kalasa kuMbhAra kA, bahuri na car3haI caaki|| kabIra-granthAvalI (mizra), sA0 7, pR0- 57 rAma rasAiNa prema rasa, pIvala adhika rsaal| kabIra pIvaNa durlabha hai, mAMgai sIsa klaal|| vahI, sA0 2, pR0- 57 je egaM jAgai, se savvaM jaanni| je savvaM jANai se egaM jaanni| -AcArAMga, 1/3/4, je o ekai jANiyA~, tau. jAMNyA saba jaaNnn| je o eka na jAMNiyA~, to saba hI jANa ajaaNnn|| -kabIra-granthAvalI (mizra), sA 8, pR0-60. sabakA saheuM AsAi kaMTayA aomayA acchahayA nareNaM aNAsae jo u saMhejja kNtte| vaImae kaNNasare sa pujjo| dazavaikAlika 9/3/8 aNI suhelI sela kI, par3alA lei usaas| coTa sahArai sabada kI, tAsa garu maiM daas|| kabIra-granthAvalI (mizra), sA 7, pR0- 159. (7) je siyA sannihikAthe, gihI pavvaie na se| dazavakAlika 6/19. saMta na bAdhai gAMThar3I, peTa samAtAM lei| sAMI sUM sanamukha rahai, jahAM mAMgai tahAM dei|| kabIra-granthAvalI (mizra), sA 10, pR0- 150. mahugArasamA buddhA, je bhavati annissiyaa| nANA piMDarayA daMtA, teNa vaccaMti saahunno|| dazavakAlika 1/5. mIThA khAMNa madhukarI, bhAMti bhAMti kau naaj| (8)

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42 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 dAvA kisa hI kA nahIM, bina bilAiti bar3a raaj|| kabIra-granthAvalI (mizra), sA0 13, pR0- 150. (9) dullahAo muhAdAI, muhAjIvI vi dullhaa| muhAdAI, muhAjIvI, do vi gacchaMti suggii|| -dazavakAlika 5/9. bairAgI birakata bhalA, girahIM citta udaar| dUhaM cukA rItA par3e tAkU vAra na paar|| kabIra-granthAvalI (mizra), sA 6, pR0- 146. (10) sohI ajjUyabhUyassa dhammo sudhdassa citttthi| uttarAdhyayana 3/92. 'hari na mile bina hirade sUdhA' kabIra-granthAvalI (mizra), pada 379, pR0- 505 (11) jima lANu vilijjai pANiyaha~ tima jai citta vilijj| samarasi havai jIvaDA kAi~ samAhi krijj|| pAhuDa dohA, 176, pR0 54. mana lAgA unmana sauM, unamana manahiM bilgg| lUMNa bilaggA pANiyAM,pAMNi lUNa bilgg|| kabIra-granthAvalI (mizra), sAkhI 16, pR0- 40. saMdarbha1. vedollikhita hone para bhI RSabhadeva vedapUrva paramparA ke pratinidhi haiN| rAmadhArI siMha dinakara, saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya, rAjapAla eNDa sansa, dillI 1956, pR0- 147. 2. zramaNa, navambara 1949. pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI 3. bhAratIya darzana, DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNana, bhAga-1, pR0-238. 4. dinakara, saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya, pR0-147-47. 5. kabIra-granthAvalI, bhagavatasvarUpa mizra, vinoda pustaka maMdira, AgarA, 1969, sAkhI- 62. 6. kahu kabIra ihu rAma kai aNsu| jasa kAgada para miTai na mNs|| -saMta kabIra, rAga gauMDa, pada 5, pR0-168.

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43 jaina darzana aura kabIra: eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 7. kabIra-granthAvalI, mizra, sAkhI 44, pR0-73. 8. mAyA piyA NhusA bhAyA, bhajjA puttA va orsaa| nAlaM te mama tANAe, luppaMtassa skmmunnaa|| - uttarAdhyayana, saMpA0 AcAryA candanA jI, vIrAyatana prakAzana, AgarA, 1972 I0, 6/13. 9. kabIra-granthAvalI (mizra), pada 143, pR0-314. 10. straga-nRka theM (saraga-naraka theM) hU~ rahmA, satagura ke prsaadi| carana ka~vala kI mauja maiM, rahisyUM aMti sa aadi|| kabIra-granthAvalI-sA0 4, pR0-37 (mizra)-sA 6, pR0-140. 11. kabIra granthAvalI, sAkhI- 4, pR0-37. 12. kabIra granthAvalI, sAkhI-7, pR0-32. 13. Izvara prANidhAnAdvA 14. mayyarpita manobuddhiryo madbhaktaH sa me priyH| gItA- 12/14 15. sA tvasminda paramapremarupA amRtasvarUpA ca 16. arhadAcArya bahuzruta pravacaneSu bhAvavizuddhi yukto'nurAgo bhktiH| ___ .sarvArthasiddhi, pUjyapAda 17. yazastilakacampU mahAkAvya, (uttarakhaMDa) somadevasUri, ___ vyAkhyAkAra-paM0 sundaralAla, 6/69. 18. -muni yogIndu, paramAtmaprakAza, 125. 19. -muni rAmasiMha, pAhuDadohA, 49, pR0-16. 20. -paramAtmaprakAza, 26, pR0-23. 21. -pAhuDadohA, pR0-56. 22. hama bhI pAhana pUjate, hote bana ke rojh| sataguru kI kirapA bhaI, DArayA sira 3 bojh|" kabIra-granthAvalI (mizra), sA0 4, pR0-117. 23. vasunandI-zrAvakAcAra, 481. 24. kabIra-granthAvalI (mizra), sA 42, pR0-48. 25. kabIra-granthAvalI (mizra), ramaiMNI, 1-7, pR0- 558.

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44 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 zramaNa jaina evaM bauddha dhyAna paddhatiH eka anuzIlana DaoN0 sudhA jaina* bhAratIya yoga-paramparA meM dhyAna kA apanA eka viziSTa sthAna hai| bhAratIya paramparA kA aisA koI bhI sampradAya yA darzana (cArvAka ko chor3akara) nahIM hai jo yoga yA dhyAna-prakriyA ko svIkAra na kiyA ho| jahA~ taka dhyAna ke prArambha kI bAta hai to dhyAna kI paramparA prAcInakAla se hI avicchinna rUpa se calI A rahI hai| isakA Adi srota khojanA atyanta hI kaThina hai| kintu itanA to satya hai ki yaha prAk-aitihAsika hai| upalabdha granthoM ke AdhAra para yoga ke Adi-bindu kI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai| haThayoga pradIpikA meM AdinAtha ko yoga kA pravartaka batalAyA gayA hai zrI AdinAthAya namo'stu tasmai, yanopadiSTA haThayoga vidyaa| vibhrAjate pronnatarAjayogabhAroDhumicchoradhirohiNIva // 'AdinAtha' nAma jaina aura zaiva-donoM paramparAoM meM prasiddha hai| jaina paramparA meM AdinAtha bhagavAn RSabha kA nAma hai aura zaiva paramparA meM ziva kA nAma hai| Adhunika vidvAnoM kA mAnanA hai ki RSabha aura ziva-donoM eka hI vyakti haiN| do bhinna-paramparAoM meM do nAmoM se pratiSThita haiN| AcArya zubhacandra ne bhI jJAnArNava ke prArambha meM bhagavAn RSabha kI eka yogI ke rUpa meM vaMdanA kI hai| mahAbhArata ke anusAra hiraNyagarbha se purAnA koI yogavettA nahIM hai| sAMkhya-yoga paramparA meM hiraNyagarbha ko saguNa Izvara ke rUpa meM mAnA hai| zrImadbhAgavata meM bhI bhagavAn RSabha ko yogezvara kahA gayA hai|5 RSabha ne nAnAyoga caryAoM kA caraNa kiyA thaa|6 saMbhavata: yahI kAraNa hai ki unake RSabha, AdinAtha, hiraNyagarbha aura brahmA-ye nAma pracalita the| Rgveda ke anusAra hiraNyagarbha bhUta-jagat kA ekamAtra svAmI haihiraNyagarbhaH samavartatAgre bhUtasya jAtaH patireka AsIt / sa dAdhArapRthivIM dhAmutemAM kasmai daivAya haviSA vidhema // phira bhI yaha spaSTa nahIM hotA ki vaha paramAtmA hai yA dehadhArI? kyoMki * pravaktA, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI-5

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45 jaina evaM bauddha dhyAna paddhati: eka anuzIlana zaMkarAcArya ne bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM aisI hI vipratipati upasthita kI hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki paramAtmA hI hiraNyagarbha hai, to kucha unheM saMsArI kahate haiN|9 bhASyakAra sAyaNa ke anusAra hiraNyagarbha dehadhArI haiN|1deg RSabha jaba garbha meM the, taba kubera ne hiraNya kI vRSTi kI thI, isalie unheM hiraNyagarbha bhI kahA jAtA hai| jisakA ullekha mahApurANa meM milatA hai|11 saiSA hiraNyamayI vRSTiH dhanezena nipaatitaa| vibho! hiraNyagarbhatvamiva bodhayitu jagat / / aitihAsika kAla meM dhyAna-paramparA ke srota sAMkhya, zaiva, tantra, nAtha-sampradAya, jaina aura bauddha darzana meM upalabdha haiN| sAMkhya darzana kI sAdhanA-paddhati kA avikala rUpa maharSi pataJjali ke yoga darzana (I0pU0 dUsarI zatAbdI kI racanA) meM milatA hai| jaina darzana kA sAdhanA-mArga AcArAGga (I0pU0 pA~cavIM zatAbdI kI racanA) meM prApta hotA hai| bauddha darzana kA sAdhanA-mArga abhidhammakoza aura vizuddhimagga (I0 san pAMcavIM zatAbdI) meM upalabdha hai| __ pAtaJjala yoga darzana sAMkhya sammata dhyAna-paddhati kA pratinidhi grantha hai| jaina sAdhanA-paddhati aura vizeSakara dhyAna-paddhati kA maulika grantha AcArAGga hai| usI prakAra abhidhammakoza aura vizuddhimagga bauddha sammata dhyAnapaddhati ke AdhArabhUta grantha haiN| bhagavAna pArzva dhyAna-paddhati ke unnAyaka the, unakI dhyAna-paddhati jaina-zAsana aura bauddha zAsana, donoM meM hI saMkramita huI hai|12 AcArAGga aura vizuddhimaggadonoM meM hI vipazyanA dhyAna ke bAre meM varNana milatA hai| vartamAna meM dhyAna kI bahuta sArI paddhatiyAM pracalita haiM, parantu prastuta Alekha kA uddezya jaina dhyAna-paddhati evaM bauddha dhyAna-paddhati ke antargata prekSAdhyAna aura vipazyanA dhyAna-prakriyA kA tulanAtmaka vivecana prastuta karanA hai| aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi prekSAdhyAnaH- vi0saM0 2017 meM yuvAcArya mahAprajJa (vartamAna AcArya) ke mana meM prazna upasthita haA ki kyA jaina sAdhakoM kI bhI koI dhyAna-paddhati hai? isI prazna ke samAdhAna hetu terApaMtha ke navama AcArya tulasI ne unheM prerita kara AgamoM se ise khoja nikAlane ke lie mArga darzana diyaa| 2018 meM AcArya tulasI ne 'mano'nuzAsanam' pustaka ko likhA, jisameM jaina sAdhanA-paddhati ke kucha rahasya sAmane aaye| isI krama meM kramaza: 'cetanA kA urdhvArohaNa', 'mahAvIra kI sAdhanA kA rahasya', 'tuma ananta zakti ke srota ho' Adi pustakeM jaina yoga-sAdhanA ke sambandha meM prakAza meM aayiiN|13 kaI zatAbdiyoM se dhyAna kI jo paramparA vicchinna ho gayI thI usake lie

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46 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 ye prayAsa pUrNa nahIM the| vi0 saM0 2029 meM lADanUM meM eka mahIne kA va cUrU, rAjagar3ha, hisAra aura dillI meM dasa-dasa dina ke sAdhanA zivira lagAye gye| jisake kAraNa aneka sAdhu-sAdhvI tathA gRhastha loga bhI dhyAna-sAdhanA meM ruci lene lge| vi0 saM0 2031 meM 'adhyAtma sAdhanA kendra' dillI meM satyanArAyaNa jI goyanakA ne 'vipazyanA dhyAna zivira' kA Ayojana kiyaa| usa zivira meM aneka sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke sAtha hI yuvAcArya mahAprajJa ne bhI bhAga liyA aura AnApAnasatI va vipazyanA ke prayoga kiye| ina prayogoM se unheM jaina dhyAna-sAdhanA paddhati kI samasyA kA samAdhAna mila gyaa| mahAprajJa jI ne goyanakA jI se isa viSaya para vistAra se carcA kii| carcA karane ke bAda unhoMne jainoM kA AcArAGga, bauddhoM kA vizuddhimagga aura pataJjali kA yogadarzana- ina tInoM ko lekara dhyAna-sUtroM kI abhyAsa paddhati kI khoja prArambha kara dii|14 isa prakAra lambe samaya taka anveSaNa karate-karate yuvAcArya mahAprajJa ko saphalatA prApta huii| vi0 saM0 2032 meM jaina paramparAgata dhyAna kA abhyAsa krama nizcita karane kA saMkalpa huA aura dhyAna kI isa abhyAsa-vidhi kA nAma 'prekSAdhyAna' rakhA gyaa| prekSAdhyAna paddhati ko janasamUha ke sAmane lAne kA pUrA zreya AcArya tulasI va yuvAcArya mahAprajJa ko jAtA hai| vipazyanA- yaha bhArata kI eka atyanta purAtana dhyAna-vidhi hai| 2500 varSa pUrva bhagavAn gautama buddha ne puna: ise khoja nikAlA thA aura apane zAsana ke 45 varSoM meM svayaM isakA abhyAsa kiyA aura logoM se bhI krvaayaa| bhagavAn buddha ne ise apane ziSya mahAkazyapa ke mana meM saMpreSita kara diyA aura mahAkazyapa ne Ananda ke mana meM / isa prakAra guru-ziSya paramparA ke krama se yaha dhyAna-vidhi nirantara calatI rhii| dhyAnasampradAya ke itihAsa granthoM meM mahAkazyapa aura Ananda tathA kramaza: bodhidharma taka aTThAIsa dharmAcAryoM ke nAma milate haiM jo isa prakAra haiM-15 1. mahAkazyapa 2. Ananda zANavAsa 4. upagupta dhRtaka 6. micchaka vasumitra 8. buddhanandI buddhamitra 10. bhikSu pArzva puNyayazas 12. azvaghoSa 13. bhikSukapimAla 14. nAgArjuna kANadeva 16. Arya rAhulaka 17. saMghanandI 18. saMghayazas 19. kumArila 20. jayaMta 21. vasubandhu 22. manura 23. haklenayazas (haklena) 24. bhikSu siMha 15.

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47 jaina evaM bauddha dhyAna paddhati: eka anuzIlana 25. vAzasita 26. prajJAtara 27. puNyamitra 28. bodhidhrm| isa prakAra bodhidharma aTThAIsaveM dharmanAyaka haiM aura yahI bodhidharma cIna meM 'dhyAnasampradAya' ke prathama dharmanAyaka hue haiN|16 samaya ke sAtha-sAtha yaha dhyAna- vidhi bhArata ke par3osI dezoM- barmA, zrIlaMkA, thAIlaiNDa Adi meM phaila gii| buddha ke parinirvANa ke lagabhaga 500 varSa bAda vipazyanA bhArata se lupta ho gii| dUsarI jagaha bhI isakI zuddhatA naSTa ho gii| kevala barmA meM isa vidhi ke prati samarpita AcAryoM kI eka kar3I ke kAraNa yaha apane zuddha rUpa meM kAyama raha paaii| isI paramparA ke prakhyAta AcArya sayAjI UbAkhina bhI vipazyanA dhyAna kA pracAra karate the, svayaM sAdhanA kA jIvana jIte aura logoM ko sikhaate| brahmadeza (barmA) ke hI zrI satyanArAyaNa goyanakA, jo ki vipazyanA kI ora svata: hI AkarSita hue the, vipazyanA ke prati unake AkarSaNa ko dekhakara hI siyAjI UbA khina ne unheM logoM ko vipazyanA sikhalAne ke lie 1969 meM AcArya pada sauNpaa|17 goyanakA jI ne bhArata meM hI nahIM, apitu 80 se bhI adhika dezoM meM logoM ko phira se vipazyanA sikhAyI aura apane AcArya siyAjI UbAkhina kA svapna sAkAra kiyaa| isa prakAra vipazyanA dhyAna-paddhati ko bhI punaH vikasita karane kA zreya zrI satyanArAyaNa goyanakA jI ko hI jAtA hai| artha evaM paribhASA 'prekSA' zabda 'IkS' dhAtu se banA hai| isakA artha hai-dekhnaa| pra+IkSA=prekSA yAnI gaharAI meM utarakara dekhnaa|18 vipazyanA bhI 'pazy' dhAtu se banA hai| jisakA artha haidekhnaa| vipazyanA vipshynaa| isakA artha bhI prekSA ke samAna hI gaharAI meM utarakara dekhanA hai|19 prekSA aura vipazyanA donoM hI dhyAna-paddhatiyoM ke prayoga vartamAna meM cala rahe haiN| prekSA va vipazyanA--donoM zabdoM kA artha bhI eka hI hai, parantu inakI paddhati aura darzana meM aMtara hai| prekSAdhyAna kA uddezya hai- AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra, Atma-darzana aura vipazyanA kA uddezya hai- duHkha ko miTAne kA darzana, kyoMki bauddha darzana meM AtmavAda kI spaSTa avadhAraNA nahIM hai| dArzanika AdhAra- prekSAdhyAna aura vipazyanA donoM meM hI kramazaH zvAsa prekSA, zarIra prekSA aura AnApAnasati va kAya-vipazyanA ke prayoga calate haiN| lekina prekSAdhyAna meM inake alAvA bhI kaI prayoga calate haiM jinakA varNana Age kiyA jA rahA hai| kucha prayoga samAna hone para bhI unameM mUlabhUta aMtara darzana kA hai, kyoMki eka AtmavAdI hai to dUsarA anAtmavAdI hai; eka anekAntavAdI hai to dUsarA kSaNabhaMgavAdI hai|

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48 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 prekSAdhyAna- nityAnitya kA jJAna hone para hI prekSA hotI hai| utpAda aura vyaya ko dhrauvya se pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| jo sat hai vaha trayAtmaka hai|20 nitya aura anitya kA jJAna hI prekSAdhyAna kA AdhAra hai| jaina darzana meM du:kha ke sAtha sukha ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne janma, maraNa, bur3hApA aura roga ina cAroM duHkhoM ko svIkAra karane ke sAtha hI sAtha sukha ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| paudgalika sukha bhI sukha hai| sAdhanAkAla meM bhI sukha kI anubhUti hotI hai| jaina darzana AtmavAdI hai AtmA ko svIkAra karatA hai| prekSA kA to mUla AdhAra hai- AtmA kA jJAna,21 kyoMki binA AtmA kA jJAna prApta kiye prekSA nahIM ho sktii| vipazyanA- bauddha darzana ke anusAra jaba anitya, duHkha aura anAtma kI cetanA prakaTa hotI hai taba vipazyanA kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| vipazyanA ke lie ina tInoM kA honA Avazyaka hai- anitya kA jJAna, du:kha kA jJAna aura anAtma kA jnyaan| ina tInoM kA jJAna hone se hI vipazyanA hotI hai| anitya kA jJAna- bauddha darzana kA siddhAMta hai- kssnnikvaad| pratikSaNa utpAda aura vyaya ho rahA hai| kSaNabhaMguratA kA jJAna hI anityatA kA jJAna hai| duHkha kA jJAna- janma, bur3hApA, roga aura maraNa- ye cAroM hI duHkha haiN| isa duHkha kA jJAna hI vipazyanA kA AdhAra hai| anAtma kA jJAna- bauddha darzana anAtmavAdI hai| AtmA ke sandarbha meM bauddha darzana mauna hai| ata: anAtma kA jJAna ho jAne para vipazyanA prakaTa hotI hai| jaina darzana meM anityavAda, duHkhavAda aura anAtmavAda mAnya nahIM hai| ina tIna AdhAroM se hI prekSA aura vipazyanA ke dArzanika AdhAra kI bhinnatA spaSTa hotI hai| AdhyAtmika AdhAra prekSA- prekSAdhyAna-paddhati kAyotsarga para AdhArita hai| prekSAdhyAna kA prArambha kAyotsarga yAnI zarIra ko tyAganA- se hotA hai aura isakA samApana bhI kAyotsarga yAnI kAyA kA nirodha, kAyA kA utsarga se hotA hai| zarIra aura AtmA eka nahIM haiM, alagaalaga haiN| isa bheda-vijJAna kA spaSTIkaraNa prekSAdhyAna ke dvArA spaSTa kiyA jAtA hai| jaina darzana kA dArzanika pakSa aura sAdhanA pakSa AtmA ke AdhAra para calate haiN| pUrA AcAra zAstra hI AtmA para AdhArita hai| vipazyanA- vipazyanA paddhati mana ko zAMta karane ke lie hai, rAga-dveSa kama karane ke lie hai, kevala jAnane aura dekhane ke lie hai| dUsare zabdoM meM ise isa prakAra kaha sakate haiM- vipazyanA rAga-dveSa aura moha se vikRta hue citta ko nirmala banAne kI

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jaina evaM bauddha dhyAna paddhatiH eka anuzIlana sAdhanA hai| dainika jIvana ke tanAva-khiMcAva se vikRta hue citta ko granthi vimukta karane kA sakriya abhyAsa hai|22 jaina darzana meM jahAM AtmA kI bAta kahI jAtI hai, vahIM buddha kahate haiM- duHkha ko miTAo, du:kha ke hetu ko miTAo, AtmA ke jhagar3e meM mata par3o, mahAvIra kahate haiM- kevala agra ko mata pakar3oM, mUla taka jaao|23 buddha kA darzana hai- agra para dhyAna kendrita karanA, vahIM mahAvIra kA darzana hai- kevala agra nahIM, mUla para kendrita honaa| prekSAdhyAna ke sAtha Atma-sAkSAtkAra kA darzana jur3A hai vahIM vipazyanA ke sAtha duHkha ko miTAne kA darzana jur3A hai| prekSAdhyAna aura vipazyanA meM kucha prayoga samAna haiM, phira bhI unakI prayoga-vidhi meM antara hai| nIce kucha prayogoM kA kisa-kisa dhyAna-paddhati meM prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, isakA ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai zvAsa prekSA- isakA prayoga vipazyanA aura prekSA donoM meM hI kiyA jAtA hai| vipazyanA sahaja zvAsa ko dekhane para bala detI hai|24 prekSA meM dIrghazvAsa para bala diyA jAtA hai|25 vipazyanA meM prayatna nahIM kiyA jAtA jabaki prekSA meM prayatnapUrvaka lambA zvAsa lene kA nirdeza bhI diyA jAtA hai| jahA~ eka ora sahaja zvAsa kA prayoga hai to dUsarI aura prayatnakRta dIrghazvAsa kA pryog| vipazyanA meM kahA jAtA hai- jo anAyAsa, sahaja, zvAsa cala rahA hai usakI vipazyanA karo, use dekho, kisI prakAra kA AyAsa mata kro|26 prekSA meM kahA jAtA hai- gaharA, lambA aura layabaddha zvAsa leM, gaharA, lambA aura layabaddha zvAsa chor3eM, Ate- jAte zvAsa kI prekSA kreN|27 prekSA meM AyAsa kA virodha nahIM hai apitu vahAM para prayatna dvArA zvAsa lene kA sujhAva diyA jAtA hai| zvAsa saMyamaH samavRtti zvAsa prekSA vipazyanA meM kumbhaka kA prayoga nahIM karAyA jAtA hai| prekSA meM isakA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| layabaddha zvAsa bhI prekSAdhyAna meM kiyA jAtA hai, jisameM zvAsa kI pratyeka AvRtti samAna hotI hai| isakI vidhi hai- pAMca sekeNDa zvAsa lenA, pAMca sekeNDa zvAsa bhItara rokanA, pAMca sekeNDa zvAsa bAhara nikAlanA, pAMca sekeNDa zvAsa bAhara roknaa|28 isa prakAra punaH isa kriyA ko doharAnA caahie| prekSA meM samavRtti zvAsa prekSA kA prayoga bhI kiyA jAtA hai| vipazyanA meM aisA koI prayoga nahIM karAyA jAtA hai| isa prayoga kI vidhi hai- dAeM nathune se zvAsa lekara bAeM nathune se nikAleM aura bAyeM se zvAsa lekara dAeM nathune se zvAsa bAhara nikaaleN| citta aura zvAsa- donoM sAtha-sAtha caleM, nirantara zvAsa kA anubhava kreN|29 isake atirikta candrabhedI zvAsa, sUryabhedI zvAsa, ujjAI zvAsa Adi aneka prayoga prekSA ko vipazyanA se alaga karate haiM, kyoMki vipazyanA meM aise koI prayoga nahIM karAye jAte haiN|

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50 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 Asana- vipazyanA meM Asana kA niSedha hai, kyoMki bauddha sAdhanA-paddhati meM Asana-sammata nahIM hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne AsanoM ko bahuta mahattva diyA hai| sthAnAMga -sUtra meM AsanoM ke aneka prakAra batalAe gae haiN|30 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne svayaM aneka AsanoM ke prayoga kiye the| yahAM taka ki unheM kevala-jJAna bhI eka viziSTa AsanagauduhikA meM upalabdha huA thaa|31 tapasyA kA bhI eka prakAra- kAya kleza-Asana kA prayoga hai|32 dhyAna ke sAtha Asana kA honA atyanta jarUrI hai, kyoMki dhyAna se pAcana taMtra gar3abar3A jAtA hai aura agni maMda ho jAtI hai| Asana se svAsthya bhI sudRr3ha hotA hai aura dhyAna se hone vAlI zarIra kI hAniyoM se bacA jA sakatA hai|33 prANAyAma- vipazyanA meM prANAyAma ko mahattva nahIM diyA gayA hai| prekSA meM yaha prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| prANa para niyaMtraNa karane ke lie prANAyAma Avazyaka hai| prANa para niyaMtraNa kiye binA caMcalatA para niyaMtraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| haThayoga meM to prANAyAma ko alaga se mahattva diyA gayA hai, jisameM prANAyAma ke aneka prakAroM ko batAyA gayA hai|34 mauna- vipazyanA meM mauna kA prayoga bar3I kar3AI se karAyA jAtA hai| pUre zivira kAla taka mauna kA prayoga hotA hai|35 prekSA meM mauna para itanA bala nahIM diyA gayA hai| usameM mAtra sujhAva dete haiM ki anAvazyaka bAtacIta na kareM, AvazyakatA hone para hI boleN| mauna tabhI pUrNa hotA hai jaba mana, vANI aura zarIra tInoM se usakA pUrNa pAlana kiyA jaay| zarIra prekSA- vipazyanA aura prekSA donoM meM hI yaha prayoga karAyA jAtA hai| jisameM zarIra kI sUkSma se sUkSma kriyA ko rAga-dveSa rahita hokara dekhane kA sujhAva diyA jAtA hai| pUre zarIra ko Upara se nIce aura nIce se Upara kahIM bhI ruke binA dekhate cale jAte haiN| yaha prayoga donoM hI paddhatiyoM meM samAna hai|36 . caitanya kendra prekSA- vipazyanA meM aisA koI prayoga nahI hai| isa prayoga meM eka kendra para ruka kara dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| dhyAna kA prArambha caitanya kendroM se hI prArambha hotA hai| kisI eka kendra para dhyAna karanA dhAraNA hai| jaba AdhA-eka ghaMTA taka usI kendra para citta kendrita banA rahe to vaha dhyAna ho jAtA hai| dhyAna kA prArambhika aMga hI dhAraNA hai| eka bindu para dhAraNA hote-hote jaba citta usa para ekAgra ho jAtA hai to vaha dhyAna ho jAtA hai| eka sUtra bhI hai- dhAraNA ko bAraha se guNA karane para vaha dhyAna ho jAyegA aura dhyAna ko bAraha se guNA karane para vaha samAdhi ho jAtI hai|37 svAdhyAya aura japa- vipazyanA meM maMtra kA japa aura svAdhyAya karanA niSiddha hai| prekSA meM ina donoM ko samAna mahattva diyA gayA hai, kyoMki sabhI vyaktiyoM kI ruci

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jaina evaM bauddha dhyAna paddhati: eka anuzIlana 51 evaM kSamatA samAna nahIM hotI hai| isalie dhyAna karane se pUrva unheM prArambha meM japa kA prayoga karavAyA jAtA hai, jisase ve dhyAna meM praviSTa ho skeN| Asana, prANAyAma, japa Adi se hI sAdhanA kA prArambha karanA caahie| __ anuprekSA- vipazyanA meM aisA koI prayoga nahIM hai| anuprekSA ke sabhI prayoga cintana para AdhArita haiN| anaprekSA ke prayoga AdatoM meM parivartana lAne kI eka prakriyA hai, jise pazcimI vaijJAnika sajezana aura oNTosajezana ke prayoga kahate haiN| anuprekSA kA prayoga prekSA kA mahattvapUrNa prayoga hai|38 prekSAdhyAna paddhati meM ina sabhI prayogoM ke atirikta lezyAdhyAna, animeSa prekSA, ekAgratA aura saMkalpazakti ke bhI vizeSa prayoga karAye jAte haiM, jo kisI anya paddhati meM pracalita nahIM haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki kucha prayogoM meM donoM meM samAnatA najara AtI hai, lekina isake atirikta anya prayogoM kA vipazyanA meM abhAva-sA najara AtA hai| jabaki prekSA meM ina prayogoM ke aneka prakAroM kA abhyAsa karAyA jAtA hai| prekSA ke sabhI prayoga svataMtra haiM aura unakA vikAsa bhI svataMtra rUpa se haA hai| ina donoM hI paddhatiyoM ko hama apUrNa nahIM kaha sakate haiN| apane-Apa meM donoM hI pUrNa paddhatiyA~ haiM, antara hai to kevala prayogoM kaa| sandarbha sUcI 1. surendra kumAra zarmA- haThayoga pradIpikA, gItApresa, gorakhapura-1/17. 2. yogI kalpataruM naumi devadevaM vRssbhdhvjN| jJAnArNava-zubhacandrAcArya, paramazruta __ prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa, 1981, pR0-3. 3. hiraNyagoM yogasya vettAnAnyaH puraatnH| mahAbhArata-zAntiparva (pA~cavA~ khaNDa), gItApresa, gorakhapura, pR0-5404; 349/65 / / pAtaJjala yogapradIpa-zrI svAmI omAnandatIrtha, gItApresa, gorakhapura, pR0-69. 5. tasya hIndra.....bhagavAnRSabha devA yogezvaraH...... nAmAbhyavarSata- zrImadbhAgavat _mahApurANa-prathama khaNDa, gItApresa, gorakhapura; 5/4/3 / 6. nAnAyogacaryAcaraNo bhagavAn kaivalyapati RSabha- vahI-5/5/26 7. Rgveda- bhAga-4, padmabhUSaNa DaoN0 zrIpAda dAmodara sAtavalekara, svAdhyAya maNDala, pAraDI, balasADa, 1988 pR0-26. 8. atra viprtipdynte| paraM eva hiraNyagarbha ityeke| sNsaariitypre| bRhadAraNyakopaniSad harinArAyaNa ApTe, Ananda Azrama saMskRta graMthAvalI- 1836, pR0-109. 9. hiraNyagarbhasya paratvamAdye dvitIye kalpe saMsAritvaM vidhiyamiti vibhAga: 1/4/6 vahI, pR0-109. 10. taitirIyAraNyaka (sAyaNa bhASya) prapAThaka- 10, anuvAka- 62. 11. mahApurANa- DaoN0 devendra kumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI-1944; 12/95. 12. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa-bheda meM chipA abheda, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM-1991, pR0-97.

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52 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 13. mani kizanalAla- prekSAdhyAnaH eka paricaya, lADanUM- pR0-2. 14. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa-dharmacakra kA pravartana, lADanUM. 15. DaoN0 bharata siMha upAdhyAya- dhyAna sampradAya, nezanala pabliziMga hAUsa, dillI, pR0- 13. 16. vahI, pR0- 15. 17. vipazyanA sAdhanA: eka paricaya, vipazyanA vizodhana vinyAsa, igatapurI, pR0-2. 18. saMskRta-hindI koza; vAmana zivarAma ApTe, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI 1993, pR0-695. 19. prAkRta-hindI koza- saM0 DaoN0 ke0Ara0 candra, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI- 1987 pR0-747. 20. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa-bheda meM chipA abheda, lADanUM, pR0-106. 21. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa- prekSAdhyAnaH AdhAra aura svarUpa, lADanUM, pR0-2. 22. vipazyanA zivira kI anuzAsana saMhitA- vipazyanA vizva vidyApITha, igatapurI 23. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa- bheda meM chipA abheda, lADanUM, pR0-107. 24. satyanArAyaNa goyanakA- Atmadarzana, sastA sAhitya maNDala, naI dillI 1993. pR0-93. 25. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa-prekSAdhyAnaH zvAsa prekSA, lADanUM 26. viTThaladAsa modI- vipazyanA sAdhanA, Arogya maMdira prakAzana, gorakhapura, pR0-6. 27. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa- prekSAdhyAnaH prayoga paddhati, lADanUM, pR0-6. 28. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa- prekSAdhyAnaH zvAsa prekSA, lADanUM. 29. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa- prekSAdhyAnaH prayoga paddhati, lADanUM. 30. paMca NisijjAo paNNattAo, taM jahA-ukkuDuyA, godohiyA, samapAyaputA,paliyaMkA, aTThapaliyaMkA- sthAnAMgasUtra-yuvAcArya madhukara muni, byAvara-1981,pR0-465; 5/1/50 31. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa- jaina darzana: manana aura mImAMsA, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUrU, pR0- 28. 32. ThANA vIrAsaNAIyA jIvassa u suhaavhaa| uggA jahA dharijjanti kAyakilesaM tmaahiy|| uttarAdhyayanasUtra- yuvAcArya madhukara muni, byAvara-1984, pR0 538; 30/27. 33. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa-bheda meM chipA abheda, lADanUM, pR0- 110. 34. pAtaJjalayoga pradIpa-zrI svAmI omAnandatIrtha, gorakhapura, pR0-440. 35. viTThaladAsa modI- vipazyanA sAdhanA, gorakhapura, pR0-5.. 36. vahI-pRSTha 7 tathA yuvAcArya mahAprajJa-prekSAdhyAnaH prayoga paddhati, lADanUM, pR0-9. 37. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa-bheda meM chipA abheda, lADanUM, pR0-111. 38. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa-amUrta cintana, laaddnuuN|

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zramaNa svayaM kI anekAntamayI samajha se tanAvamukti DaoN0 pArasamala agravAla * 1. hamArA paricaya "maiM kauna hU~?" isa prazna para anekAntamayI vicAra karake hama yaha dekheMge ki isa prazna ke uttara se hameM na kevala AdhyAtmika lAbha ho sakatA hai apitu dina-pratidina ke vyAvahArika jIvana meM hone vAle tanAva bhI bahuta kama ho sakate haiN| jaba hama apane ghara kA daravAjA khulavAne hetu ghara ke andara se yaha prazna suna haiM "kauna?" to hama bAhara se jo uttara sAmAnyatayA dete haiM vaha usa paristhiti meM samucita uttara hotA hai| anekAntavAda ke dAyare meM "maiM kauna hU~?" prazna kA vaha uttara bhI usa paristhiti vizeSa meM hI svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| jaba hama kisI kAryAlaya meM kisI kArya hetu jAte haiM va adhikArI sarvaprathama yaha jAnanA cAhatA hai yA prazna pUchatA hai ki "Apa kauna haiM ?" taba hama sandarbha ke anusAra apane nAma ke sAtha hamArA pada yA apanI pharma kA nAma yA pitA kA nAma yA pati kA nAma Adi batAte haiN| hama itanI jAnakArI dete haiM ki jisa kArya ko usa adhikArI se karavAnA cAhate haiM usa kArya se hamArA sambandha adhikArI kI samajha meM A jaae| anekAntavAda aise uttara ko bhI isa paristhiti meM hamAre ucita paricaya ke rUpa meM mAnyatA pradAna karatA hai| isI prakAra vibhinna paristhitiyoM meM hamArA paricaya vibhinna rUpoM meM hotA hai| kabhI chavigraha ke liye hama 'darzaka' hote haiM to kabhI Trena ke 'yAtrI' hote haiM to kabhI bhI vakIla ke lie 'muvakkila' hote haiN| isa prakAra hamAre paricaya paristhiti ke anusAra badalate jAte haiN| hara jagaha hameM paricaya denA hotA hai parantu koI bhI hamAre sAre paricaya nahIM sunanA cAhatA hai| Apa baiMka meM khAtA khulavAne jAyeM va vahAM apanA paricaya dete hue kaheM ki maiM kisI kA pati hU~, kisI kA muvakkila hU~, kisI Trena kA yAtrI rahA hU~, Adi-Adi, to baiMka mainejara Apako pAgala smjhegaa| * prophesara, bhautika vijJAna, vikrama vizvavidyAlaya ujjaina ( ma0pra0) /

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hamArA paricaya ( prazna eka uttara aneka ) jaba anya dvArA hamase yaha pUchA jAe, " Apa kauna haiM?", taba uttara nimnAMkita prakAra ke hoNge| ( vyAvahArika paricaya) manuSya, bhAratIya, amarIkI, putra, mitra, khilAr3I, vyApArI, vidvAn, sAdhu, sundara, dhanavAn.. (ucita vizeSaNoM evaM saMbandhoM sahita ukta padaviyAM ) jaba yaha prazna hama svayaM hI svayaM se pUcheM, taba uttara do prakAra ke hoMge: (badalane vAle paricaya) abhimAnI, lAlacI, krodhI, duHkhI, prasanna, tanAvagrasta, rAgI, dveSI,, (sthAyI paricaya) sadaiva eka jaisA hU~, jJAna evaM cetanA lakSaNa vAlA samasta vikAroM va vAsanAoM se pare huuN| samasta anya padArthoM se pRthak huuN|

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|isakI upayogitA kyA? loka vyavahAra isa prakAra ke uttara se hI | calatA hai| |isakI upayogitA kyA? | isa paricaya se hameM jJAna ho sakatA hai ki hamArI AtmA kA vikAsa kitanA huA hai| yadi tanAva grasta evaM du:khI haiM to isakA artha yaha huA ki AtmA kA vikAsa alpa huA hai| sthAyI paricaya ko na samajhane ke kAraNa badalate hue paricaya ko hI apanA (sthAyI) paricaya mAna lenA duHkha evaM tanAvoM kA kAraNa hai| isakI upayogitA kyA? yaha zAzvata vAstavikatA hai jisakI svIkRti evaM samajha meM sukha evaM asvIkRti meM duHkha hai| isa sukha yA. Ananda kI prApti hetu indriyoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| sAvadhAnI (1) AvazyakatAnusAra paryApta evaM sahI paricaya kI samajha se vyakti kI pramANikatA banatI hai| (2) duniyAM ke sAmane hama kaI rUpoM meM hote haiM kintu vibhinna rUpoM meM rahate hue bhI hamAre asalI yA sthAyI paricaya ko nahIM bhUlanA caahie| sAvadhAnI sAvadhAnI | hama svayaM hamAre sAmane bhI vibhinna rUpoM jisa prakAra nivAsa sthAna kA sthAyI patA batAne hetu | meM badalate hue Ate haiN| kintu ina sabhI makAna kA raMga batAnA Avazyaka nahIM hotA hai, raMga vibhinna rUpoM meM badale hue bhI hamAre kA ullekha gauNa kiyA jAtA hai, isakA artha yaha | asalI yA sthAyI paricaya ko nahIM bhUlanA | | nahIM hotA hai ki makAna raMgahIna hai| isI prakAra caahie| AtmA ke sthAyI paricaya ke AdhAra para apane ko samajhane hetu badalate hue paricaya yA laukika paricaya ko gauNa karane kI AvazyakatA hai, nakArane kI AvazyakatA

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56 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 sArAMza yaha hai ki "maiM kauna hU~?" yaha prazna aisA hai jisake hajAroM uttara saMbhava haiM, kintu praznakartA isake hajAroM uttara hamase nahIM sunanA cAhatA hai| hara vyakti kucha hI paMktiyoM meM isa prazna kA uttara cAhatA hai| isI bAta ko Age bar3hAte hue yadi hama svayaM se yaha pUche ki "maiM kauna hU~?" evaM jaise baiMka mainejara Apase hajAroM uttara nahIM sunanA cAhatA hai vaise hI Apa bhI svayaM se hajAroM uttara na cAhate hue apane prayojana kA sImita uttara sunanA cAho to jo bhI uttara prApta hogA vaha isa prazna kA AdhyAtmika uttara kahalA skegaa| adhyAtma kA prAraMbha bhI eka apekSA se aise hI uttara se hogaa| ukta vAkya meM 'prayojana' zabda kI vyAkhyA apane Apa meM eka svataMtra lekha kI apekSA rakhatI hai| hama isa vistAra ko chor3ate hue yaha kahanA cAheMge ki adhyAtma kI dRSTi meM 'maiM' eka aisA padArtha hU~ jisakA zarIra ke sAtha vinAza nahIM hotA hai| maiM avinAzI AtmA huuN| 2. badalatA paricaya evaM sthAyI paricaya adhyAtma ke anusAra isa samaya tathAkathita mere zarIra ke sAtha jo jJAna guNa vAlI AMkhoM se na dikhAI dene vAlI avinAzI cetanA yA AtmA hai, vaha maiM huuN| bAta yahA~ hI samApta nahIM hotI hai| "maiM kauna hU~?' isa prazna kA AdhyAtmika uttara thor3A aura adhika vizeSa hai| yadi itanA hI uttara hotA to ise praznottara ke rUpa meM hama yahA~ nahIM uThAte, kyoMki adhyAtma ke prAraMbha meM hI yaha batAyA jAtA hai ki adhyAtma apanI AtmA ko zarIra ke sAtha hote hue bhI zarIra se bhinna prakAra kA tattva svIkAra karatA hai| Age bar3hane ke pUrva eka sarala udAharaNa para jarA vicAra kreN| yadi koI mujhase pache ki mere ujjaina meM sthita sthAyI nivAsa kA patA kyA hai? va yadi isa prazna ke uttara meM nimnAMkita do prakAra ke uttara dUM to Apa unako kisa rUpa meM samajheMge va svIkAreMge? 1. mere nivAsa kA patA 220, vivekAnanda kAlonI, ujjaina (ma0pra0) hai| yaha makAna do maMjilA hai va gulAbI raMga kA hai| kyArI meM gulAba ke phUla laga rahe haiM va kaikTasa ke gamale bhI bAhara se makAna meM dikhAI deNge| 2. mere nivAsa kA patA 220, vivekAnanda kAlonI, ujjaina (ma0pra0) hai| ina do uttaroM meM se pahalA uttara vistRta hai kintu makAna kA yaha paricaya kucha hI mahInoM yA varSoM bAda galata siddha ho sakatA hai, kyoMki gulAbI raMga, gulAba ke phUla, kaikTasa Adi jo Aja dikhAI dete haiM ve badala sakate haiN| kintu jisa mitra ne apanI DAyarI meM dUsarA uttara likhA hai use yaha makAna kucha varSoM bAda bhI mila sakegA, vaha raMga ke badalane yA gulAba ke phUla na hone se bhI bhramita nahIM hogaa|

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svayaM kI anekAntamayI samajha se tanAvamukti 57 Apa kaha sakate haiM ki jisane apanI DAyarI meM pahalA uttara likhA hai vaha bhI kucha varSoM bAda isakA lAbha le sakatA hai| kucha varSoM bAda jaba makAna kA raMga gulAbI na hokara kisI anya raMga kA ho jAyegA yA gulAba ke phUla kI kyArI na rahegI taba bhI pahale uttara ko yAda rakhane vAlA viveka buddhi ke anusAra 220, vivekAnanda kAlonI, ujjaina ko hI mukhya AdhAra mAnakAra isa makAna ko pahacAna sakatA hai| isa tarka kA prati uttara yahI hai ki Apake tarka hI yaha svIkAra kara rahe haiM ki DAyarI meM likhe hue pahale uttara kI kAMTa-chAMTa viveka buddhi se karake dUsare uttara ko hI mukhya mAnanA hai| yAnI praznakartA svayaM svIkAra rahA hai ki pahale uttara meM kATachA~Ta kI AvazyakatA samaya-samaya para ho sakatI hai| va yadi kATa-chA~Ta meM mukhya bindu mAnane meM bhUla ho gaI to hAni hogii| arthAt yadi makAna ke gulAbI raMga yA gulAba ke phUla yA kaikTasa ke gamaloM ko hI mukhya bindu mAna liyA va makAna naMbara 220 ko bhUla gaye to hAni hogii| isa udAharaNa se hama yaha batAnA cAhate haiM ki makAna ke pate ke mAmale meM makAna kA naMbara, kAlonI kA nAma evaM zahara, pradeza ke atirikta jo bhI jAnakArI makAna ke raMga, phUla, gamaloM Adi ke bAre meM hai vaha saba makAna ko khojane meM bAdhaka bhI ho sakatI hai| hAM, yadi hameM mukhya jAnakArI (naMbara, kAlonI, zahara) dhyAna meM rahe va mukhya jAnakArI ko hI pramukhatA dene kI mAnyatA rahe to kadAcit atirikta badalane vAlI jAnakArI kisI rUpa meM sahAyaka bhI ho sakatI hai| "maiM kauna hU~?'' isa prazna ke uttara meM uparyukta udAharaNa kA bahuta upayoga ho sakatA hai| jaise makAna ke pate ke mAmale meM makAna naMbara, kAlonI evaM zahara mukhya haiM va makAna kA raMga, gulAba ke phUla, gamale Adi badalane vAle haiM, usI prakAra jo kucha bhI hamArI AtmA meM sthAyI hai use hI hamArI AtmA kA mukhya paricaya mAnanA caahiye| majhe amaka AdamI ko krodhI dekhate hI gussA AtA hai- yaha merA badalane vAlA paricaya hai| grISmakAla meM mujhe kUlara kI ThaMDI havA se prasannatA milatI hai| yaha bhI merA badalane vAlA paricaya hai| maiM deza kI kaI rAjanItika daloM kI dazA se aprasanna hU~- yaha bhI merA badalane vAlA paricaya hai| ata: makAna ke raMga evaM makAna kI kyArI ke phUloM kI taraha ye sabhI AtmA ke badalane vAle paricaya haiN| inako yadi hama apanA vAstavika evaM sthAyI paricaya mAna leMge to hameM nirAzA yA tanAva yA ahaMkAra hI hAtha lgeNge| kaise? jarA vicAra karate haiN| makAna ke mAmale meM to spaSTa hai ki raMga ke AdhAra para kisI makAna ko yAda rakheMge to raMga badalane para makAna taka nahIM pahu~ca skeNge| hamAre bAre meM bhI yadi hamane apanA paricaya badalane vAlI avasthAoM ke AdhAra para mAnA to suhAvanI sthiti ke badalate

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58 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 hI nirAzA hogI va vartamAna meM apriya sthiti hone para duHkha hogA yA aparAdha bhAva hogaa| 3. badalane vAle paricaya kI apUrNa samajha se tanAva udAharaNa ke rUpa meM hama eka aise vyakti kI kalpanA kareM jo apanA paricaya eka acche vaijJAnika ke rUpa meM mAnatA hai| jaba taka isI mAnyatA ke anusAra usake kArya hote jAeM va samAja bhI usako vaijJAnika mAnatA rahe taba taka to saba ThIka cala sakatA hai, kintu jaba eka ke bAda eka paristhitiyAM, svAsthya ke kAraNa yA pArivArika kAraNa se yA rAjanIti ke kAraNa se aisI hotI raheM ki vaha vaijJAnika kArya na kara sake, taba usako bahata parezAnI hogii| usakI parezAnI kA mUla kAraNa yaha hogA ki usake "maiM vaijJAnika hU~" vAle paricaya kA anta ho rahA hai| isake viparIta koI vyakti vaijJAnika kArya to karatA rahe kintu apanA astitva (identity) isa rUpa meM na mAne yAnI ise apanA asthAyI yA badalatA haA paricaya hI mAne to use viparIta paristhiti kA sAmanA karane meM bahuta kama kaThinAI hogii| koI Azcarya nahIM ki aisA vyakti mAnasika tanAva kI kamI ke kAraNa bahuta acche vaijJAnika kA kArya kara ske| yahI bAta apane Apako bar3e parivAra vAlA yA dhanavAna yA acchA khilAr3I yA kuzala rAjanItijJa yA zreSTha vyApArI yA bar3hiyA abhinetA Adi ke rUpa meM hI apanA astitva mAnane meM lAgU hotI hai| badalane vAle paricaya ko badalane vAlA paricaya mAnane meM tanAva alpa hotA hai| yahAM eka prazna upasthita hotA hai- koI vyakti acchA khilAr3I hai va use acche khilAr3I ke rUpa meM pUre vizva meM sammAna mila cukA hai va mila rahA hai| vaha aba umra ke kAraNa khela se riTAyara ho gayA hai kintu aba bhI vaha apane Apako prasiddha khilAr3I ke rUpa meM mAnate hue hI prasanna rahatA hai| yAnI aba vaha khilAr3I nahIM hai yaha svIkAra karate hae bhI khilAr3I kI smRtiyoM ke AdhAra para hI vartamAna meM prasanna hai| aise vyakti ko badalane vAle paricaya ke AdhAra para apanA paricaya yA astitva mAna lene meM kyA parezAnI ho sakatI hai? yahI prazna bhUtapUrva rASTrapati, bhUtapUrva zAsakIya adhikArI Adi para bhI lAgU ho sakatA hai| isI prazna ko Age bar3hAte hue yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki koI apanA paricaya acche dhanI ke rUpa meM mAne va pUre jIvana meM use dhana kI kamI nahIM rahI hai yA nahIM rahane vAlI ho to use apanA paricaya sthAyI rUpa se dhanI hI mAna lene meM kyA hAni hai? isa prazna kA uttara prApta karane hetu hama yaha vicAra kara sakate haiM ki yadi eka bhUtapUrva khilAr3I apanA paricaya eka prasiddha khilAr3I ke rUpa meM mAnatA thA va aba bhI vaha prasiddha hai to usako yaza meM badalAva mahasUsa nahIM hogaa| phalata: usakI isa prasiddhi se jur3I huI prasannatA meM antara nahIM aayegaa| khelanA usane cAhe banda kara diyA hai kintu acche khilAr3I ke rUpa meM usakI prasiddhi banda nahIM huI hai| ata: prasiddhi kI bhUkha zAnta

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svayaM kI anekAntamayI samajha se tanAvamukti hone se vaha prasanna hai| kintu jaba kucha samaya bAda janatA yA samAcAra patra usakA ullekha karanA baMda kara deMge taba use lagegA ki aba vaha prasiddha nahIM rahA hai| taba yA to use usa badalAva ko yA nirAzA ko svIkAranA hogaa| sArAMza yaha hai ki jisa rUpa meM vaha apanA paricaya yA astitva mAnatA hai yA jisa paricaya ke AdhAra para vaha gauravAnvita evaM prasanna hotA hai usa rUpa meM yA usa paricaya meM apriya badalAva Ate hI use parezAnI yA nirAzA yA tanAva ho sakate haiN| eka vyakti svayaM ko kyA mAnatA hai, svayaM ko kyA banAnA cAhatA hai, va samAja use kyA mAnatA hai, ina tInoM meM jitanA adhika antara hogA utanA adhika tanAva usa vyakti ke jIvana meM hogaa| isa prakAra kI mAnyatA Aja Adhunika manovaijJAnikoM kI hai jisakA ullekha pAzcAtya vidvAn DonAlDa norakAka' ne bhI kiyA hai| ___ cAhe bhUtapUrva prasiddha khilAr3I ho yA bhUtapUrva rASTrapati yA bhUtapUrva candrayAtrI, sAmAnyatayA hara vyakti kisI na kisI prakAra ke tanAva se grasita ho sakatA hai| tanAva kA vizleSaNa karane para hama dekheMge ki pratyeka tanAva kA mUlabhUta kAraNa yA to vaha apane se anya kisI aura ke paricaya yA astittva meM apanA paricaya yA astitva mAna letA hai yA apane badalate hue paricaya ko badalane yogya paricaya na mAnakara use apanA sthAyI paricaya yA astittva mAna letA hai| vartamAna meM tanAva kA kAraNa pArivArika azAnti ho, yA svAsthya ho, yA yaza meM kamI ho, yA aparAdha bhAva ho, yA aura bhI kucha ho, jo bhI kAraNa ho usakA vizleSaNa karane para isI siddhAnta kI puSTi hogI ki dUsare meM "maiM' yA badalane yogya avasthA meM "maiM'' Aropita karane se hI tanAva paidA hotA hai| itanA par3hane ke uparAnta koI pAThaka yaha jAnanA cAhegA ki kyA eka dhanI, dhana se prasannatA anubhava na kare? isa prazna ke samAdhAna hetu eka sAmAnya udAharaNa para vicAra karate haiN| kalpanA kareM hama eka bAlaka ke mAtA-pitA kI jo bAlaka ko eka maMhagA gubbArA kharIda kara dilAte haiM va bAlaka ke sAtha ve gubbAre se khela rahe haiN| bAlaka bahuta prasanna hai kyoMki usake pAsa acchA gubbArA hai, usake mammI-pApA usake sAtha khela rahe haiN| aba yadi eka choTA sA prazna Apa yahA~ pUchate haiM ki mAtA-pitA isase prasanna hoMge yA nahIM? to isakA uttara dene ke pUrva hama Apa se yaha jAnanA cAheMge ki ve gubbAre kharIdane kI sAmarthya se utpannagarva se prasanna hoMge yA gubbAre se prasanna hoMge yA bAlaka kI prasannatA se prasanna hoMge? isa prazna ke uttara ko dhana-se prApta prasannatA ke bAre meM lagAyA jA sakatA hai| yahAM yaha bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki mAtA-pitA gubbAre kI sImita jindagI bhI mAna rahe haiM kinta phira bhI prasanna haiN|

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60 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca / 1998 eka anya mahattvapUrNa prazna yaha bhI carcA karane yogya hai ki kyA koI vyakti apanI sthAyI pahacAna kisI rUpa meM banAne kA prayAsa na kare? yAnI, koI krikeTa khilAr3I apanI pahacAna acche krikeTa ke khilAr3I ke rUpa meM banAnA cAhe to kyA hAni hai ? isake uttara meM yahI kahanA ucita hogA ki pradhAnamaMtrI banane kA artha yaha nahIM hai ki kursI kabhI bhI chor3ane ko taiyAra na ho / ucita samaya para eka krikeTa khilAr3I ko bhI saharSa riTAyara hone ke lie taiyAra honA caahie| aura bhI kaI prazna upasthita ho sakate haiM kintu unakI carcA yahAM Avazyaka nahIM hai, kyoMki mukhyataH yaha lekha jo tanAvagrasta haiM unake tanAva ko kama karane hetu likhA jA rahA hai| mahattvAkAMkSA, dhanAtmaka ciMtana Adi ke kAraNa se yadi koI vyakti tanAvagrasta hai to usa vyakti ne mahattvAkAMkSA, dhanAtmaka ciMtana Adi ko ThIka taraha se nahIM samajhA hai| yaha vizleSaNa AzA kA saMcAra karane hetu hai / Age sthAyI paricaya ke varNana meM bhI dhanAtmakatA kA varNana kiyA jA rahA hai| 4. sthAyI paricaya sthAyI paricaya kA artha aisA paricaya hai jo sadaiva eka jaisA rhe| yahAM hama "tathAkathita sthAyI paricaya" kI bAta nahIM kara rahe haiN| " sthAyI" zabda kA bhArI se bhArI artha karate hue nirvivAda rUpa se sthAyI zabda kA jo gahanatama artha ho sakatA hai use svIkAra karanA hai| bhUtakAla, vartamAnakAla evaM bhaviSya, tInoM kAloM meM jo samAna ho, zAzvata ho, eka jaisA ho, aTala ho, acala ho aise paricaya ko sthAyI paricaya kahA jAtA hai| sarala zabdoM meM kahA jAye to AtmA kabhI cIMTI ke zarIra meM virAjamAna thA yA Aja manuSya ke zarIra ko dhAraNa kiye hue hai yA agale janma meM koI anya zarIra dhAraNa kare, ina sabhI badalatI huI avasthAoM meM AtmA ke vicAroM evaM sukha-duHkha ke anubhava meM jo badalAva AtA hai vaha AtmA kA sthAyI paricaya nahIM hai| ina sabhI badalatI huI avasthAoM meM bhI AtmA kA jo bhAva sthAyI yA eka jaisA rahatA hai vaha AtmA kA sthAyI paricaya hai| isa sthAyI bhAva ko jaina darzana kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM pAriNAmika bhAva kahA jAtA hai| merI AtmA meM jo sthAyIpanA hai vaha merA sthAyI paricaya hai / AdhyAtmika dRSTi se vahI maiM huuN| isa paricaya meM maiM 'aneka' prakAra kA na hokara 'eka' hI rahatA hai| spaSTa hai ki AtmA ke isa sthAyI paricaya ke anusAra AtmA na kevala dUsare padArthoM se bhinna hai apitu mAnasika icchAoM, vikalpoM, krodha, ahaMkAra, vAsanA Adi se bhI pare hai kyoMki ye sabhI badalate rahate haiN|

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svayaM kI anekAntamayI samajha se tanAvamukti AtmA ke kaI guNa AtmA ke sAtha sadaiva rahate haiM kintu acetana padArthoM se bhinnatA darzAne vAle AtmA ke darzana evaM jJAna guNoM kA kathana pradhAnatA se kiyA jAtA hai| apanI AtmA ke sthAyI paricaya ko batAne vAlI AcArya kundakunda dvArA racita . nimnAMkita paMktiyAM bahuta sundara haiM ahamikko khalu suddho daMsaNaNANamaio sdaaruuvii| Navi asthi majjha kiMcivi aNNaM prmaannumittpi|| isakA bhAvArtha yaha hai ki maiM sadaiva eka hU~, zuddha hU~, darzana jJAnamaya hU~, arUpI hU~; kiMcitmAtra bhI anya padArtha paramANumAtra bhI merA nahIM hai| isI sthAyI paricaya kI tarapha dhyAna dilAte hue AcArya amRtacandra kahate haiN| zuddhaH zuddha svarasabharataH sthaayibhaavtvmeti| arthAt yaha AtmA zuddha hai, nijarasa se paripUrNa hai va sthAyIbhAvatva ko prApta hai| inhIM AcArya kI nimnAMkita paMkti5 bhI atyanta manohArI haizuddhaM cinmayamekameva paramaM jyotiH sadaivAsmyaham / .. arthAt maiM to sadA zuddha caitanyamaya eka paramajyoti hI huuN| AtmA yA svayaM ke saMbandha meM nimnAMkita uddharaNa bhI vicAraNIya hai: zrImadbhagavadgItA meM arjuna ko zrIkRSNa nimna rUpa se samajhAte haiM ki vaha kauna haiindriyANi parANyAhurindriyebhyaH paraM mnH| manasastu parA buddhiyoM buddheH paratastu sH|| isakA bhAvArtha yaha hai ki zarIra se pare indriyAM, indriyoM se pare mana aura mana se pare buddhi hai evaM isa buddhi se pare 'vaha' yAnI AtmA hai| rAmacaritamAnasa meM gosvAmI tulasIdAsajI sthAyI paricaya ko 'paramArtha' evaM badalate hue paricaya ko mAyA batAte hue kahate haiM yoga viyoga bhoga bhala maMdA, hita anahita madhyama bhrama phndaa| janma maraNa jaMha lagi jaga jAlU, saMpati vipati karma aru kaaluu|| dharaNi dhAma dhana pura parivArU, svarga naraka jaMha lagi vyvhaaruu|

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62 zramaNa / janavarI-mArca / 1998 dekhiya suniya guniya mana mAhIM, mAyAkRta paramAratha nAhIM / / ina paMktiyoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki samasta yoga, viyoga, bhalAI-burAI, karma, Adi paramArtha nahIM haiM / Adhunika amarIkI manovaijJAnika lUI he likhatI haiM - 8 "I am now perfect, whole and complete. I will always be perfect. whole and complete. " arthAt maiM paripUrNa hU~ evaM sadaiva paripUrNa rahU~gA ( rahU~gI ) / amarIkI lekhaka DAkTara DeviDa barna eka manovaijJAnika evaM manocikitsaka haiM va atyanta nirAza vyaktiyoM kI cikitsA karane ke vizeSajJa haiN| kaI vyaktiyoM kI AtmahatyA karane kI manodazA samajhakara unakI manocikitsA DaoN0 barna ne kI hai va isa dizA meM bahuta anusaMdhAna kArya bhI kiyA hai| unakI manocikitsA kA bhI pramukha maMtra yahI hai ki svayaM kI dRSTi meM svayaM kA mUlya (self worth) sadaiva samAna rahanA caahie| unake anusAra hamArI dRSTi aisI honI cAhie ki hamArA mUlya hamArI nigAhoM meM kabhI bhI na to kama ho aura na hI jyAdA, sadaiva sthira rahe / 9 amarIkI manovaijJAnika DaoN0 vena DAyara jo ki vizva meM sarvAdhika vikraya vAlI eka pustaka, Your erroneous zones, ke lekhaka haiM apanI navIna pustaka (zIrSaka: You'll see it when you believe it) ke prAraMbhika adhyAya meM nimnAMkita paMktiyAM1" likhate haiM: "The principles is this book start with the premise that you are a soul with a body, rather than a body with a soul. That you are not a human being having spiritual experience, but rather a spiritual being having a human experience." ina paMktiyoM kA bhAvArtha yaha hai ki Apa AtmA haiM jisake sAtha zarIra lagA huA hai, na ki zarIra haiM jisameM AtmA sthita hai| Apa caitanyatA anubhava karane vAle manuSya na hokara, svayaM caitanya tattva haiN| isI pustaka ke antima adhyAya ke nimnAMkita 11 zabda bhI dhyAna dene yogya haiM "It is like having a guardian angel or a loving observer as a part of your consciousness, a companion that you are always having compassionate silent

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svayaM kI anekAntamayI samajha se tanAvamukti conversations with, a consciousness behind your form. That part is always perfect. There is no struggle or suffering in that part of you. That is your transcendent dimension of thought." ina paMktiyoM kA bhAvArtha yaha hai ki ApakI cetanA kA eka bhAga aisA hai jahAM koI saMgharSa nahIM hai, koI kaSTa nahIM hai, sadaiva paripUrNa hai, vaha sadaiva eka daivIya sahAre kI taraha ApakA zAzvata sAthI hai| 5. svayaM kI yathArtha samajha kA abhyAsa TAiparAiTara ke akSaroM kI sthiti kA jJAna hote hI TAipa karanA nahIM A jAtA hai| kAra ke eksIlereTara, giara, klaca, breka Adi kI jAnakArI lete hI kAra calAnA nahIM A jAtA hai| jAnakArI ke bAda abhyAsa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| jAnakArI andara gaharAI taka utaranI caahie| ___ isI prakAra apanI AtmA ke sthAyI paricaya evaM badalane yogya paricaya kI jAnakArI se vizeSa prayojana siddha nahIM hotA hai| vINA, kAra, TAiparAiTara Adi ke abhyAsa kI taraha isake abhyAsa hetu bAra-bAra isa taraha ke varNanoM kA paThana, ciMtana evaM manana kI bhI AvazyakatA hai| apane sthAyI paricaya evaM asthAyI paricaya meM bhedajJAna ko gaharAI taka utArane hetu hameM abhyAsa karanA hogaa| ukta bhedajJAna ko hRdayaMgama karane ke bAda ve ghaTanAeM jo hameM vyathita evaM tanAvagrasta kara detI thIM aba vyathita nahIM kara skeNgii| aisI ghaTanAoM kI AvRtti bhI kama ho sakatI hai| varSA se kaccA makAna bhI bhIgatA hai va pakkA makAna bhI kintu antara yaha rahatA hai ki pakke makAna kI chata se pAnI makAna ke andara praveza nahIM karatA hai ata: makAnanivAsI makAna ke bAhara se bhIgane ke bAvajUda usa varSA se vyathita nahIM hotA hai| svayaM kI yathArtha samajha hamArI AtmA ko vaisA hI pakkApana pradAna karatI hai| 'svayaM kI samajha' viSaya para carcA kA samApana karate hue baiMka ke eka kaiziyara kA udAharaNa lete haiN| yaha kaiziyara prati samaya kisI ko rupaye de rahA hotA hai yA le rahA hotA hai| eka tarapha dene yA lene meM pUrI sAvadhAnI rakhatA hai to dUsarI tarapha usI samaya isakA bhI use vizvAsa evaM jJAna rahatA hai ki yadi kisI ne dasa lAkha rupaye jamA karAyeM haiM to una rupayoM se vaha dhanavAna nahIM ho rahA hai va koI dasa lAkha rupaye le rahA hotA hai to vaha garIba nahIM ho rahA hai| svayaM kI anekAntamayI samajha ke abhyAsa se bhI aisA hI anekAnta hamAre jIvana meM utregaa| hamArI kriyAeM isa prakAra hoMgI ki baiMka

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64 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 kaiziyara ke anekAnta kI taraha samasta lena-dena ke liye hama kisI sImA taka apane ko jimmedAra mAnane ke sAtha hara samaya hameM yaha bhI dhyAna rahegA ki hamArI jeba meM na to kucha A rahA hai aura na hI hamArI jeba se kucha jA rahA hai| aisI dRSTi ke sAtha jo kArya bhI hamase hote raheMge unameM itanI vizeSatA, vizAlatA evaM sugaMdha hogI ki na kevala hama svayaM apitu hamArA paryAvaraNa bhI suvAsita ho skegaa| sandarbha1. Donald Norfolk.'Executive stress'. (Warner Books. NewYork. 1986). page. 108 para nimnAMkita paMktiyAM dhyAna dene yogya haiM'Most people show a discrepancy between their publicimage, self,image andego-ideal (the sort of person they would like to become). They suffer stress and loss of self-esteem only when the gap between these concepts grows too great and reality as they perceive it bears no relation to either their hopes on public facade." AcArya umAsvAmI, tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 2, sUtra 1 meM 5 bhavoM kA varNana huA hai "aupazamikakSAyikau bhAvau mizrazca jIvasya svatattvamaudayikapAriNAmiko ca" ina pAMca bhAvoM meM pAriNAmika bhAva hI karma nirapekSa hai| 3. AcArya kundakunda, samayasAra, gAthA 38. 4. AcArya amRtacandra, zrI samayasAra-kalaza, sonagar3ha 1965 I0, 6/185. 5. vahI, 6/185. 6. zrImadbhagavadgItA, adhyAya 3, zloka 42. 7. gosvAmI tulasIdAsa, rAmacaritamAnasa, ayodhyAkANDa (prasaMga lakSmaNaniSAdasaMvAda). 8. Louise L. Hay. 'You can heal your life', (Hay House, Santa Monica, USA) p. 45 "Acknowledge that everyone has one 'unit of worth' from the time they are born until the time they die. As an infant you may achieve very little, and yet you are still precious and worthwhile. And when you are old or ill, relaxed or, asleep or just doing 'nothing', you still have 'worth'. Your 'unit of worth' can't be measured and can never change, and it is the same for every one." David D. Burns, 'Feeling Good', (SIGNET. Nal Panguin Inc., NewYork, 1980, pp. 301-2. 10. Wayne W. Dyer, 'You'll see it when you believe it', (Arrow Books, London 1990), page 8. 11. bid, p. 273

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zramaNa kharataragaccha-pippalakazAkhA kA itihAsa DaoN0 zivaprasAda * anyAnya gacchoM kI bhA~ti kharataragaccha se bhI samaya-samaya para vibhinna ghaTanAkramoM athavA kAraNoM se astittva meM AyI vibhinna zAkhAoM meM pippalakazAkhA bhI eka hai / vi0saM0 1469 / I0sa0 1413 yA vi0 saM0 1474 / I0sa0 1418 meM kharataragacchIya AcArya jinarAjasUri ke paTTadhara jinavardhanasUri se yaha zAkhA astittva meM AyI / 1 jaisalamera sthita cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha jinAlaya sthita kSetrapAla ke upadrava ke kAraNa kharataragaccha ke variSTha AcArya sAgaracandrasUri ne jinarAjasUri ke paTTa para AsIna jinavardhanasUri ko haTAkara unake sthAna unake sthAna para jinabhadrasUri ko pratiSThita kiyA, jisase jinavardhanasUri aura unake ziSya samudAya meM tIvra asantoSa phaila gayA aura pariNAmasvarUpa unhoMne apane ziSyoM aura anuyAyiyoM ke sAtha mukhya zAkhA se sambandha viccheda kara liyaa| isa ghaTanA ke pazcAt jinavardhanasUri pIpaliyA grAma meM hI rahane lage ataH unakA ziSya samudAya pippalakazAkhA yA pIpaliyA zAkhA ke nAma se prasiddha ho gayA / 2 kharataragaccha kI isa zAkhA meM AjJAsundara, vivekahaMsa, jinasAgarasUri, jinasamudrasUri, jinadevasUri, jinasundarasUri, jinaharSasUri, jinacandrasUri 'dvitIya', dharmasamudragaNi, rAjasundara, jinavardhamAnasUri Adi kaI prasiddha granthakAra ho cuke haiN| pippalakazAkhA se sambaddha aneka jinapratimAyeM milI haiM jo vi0 saM0 1467 se vi0 saM0 1577 taka kI haiN| pracalita paramparAnusAra isa zAkhA se sambaddha racanAkAroM kI vibhinna kRtiyoM meM unakI guru- paramparA kI choTI-choTI gurvAvalI bhI prApta hotI hai| isake atirikta vi0 saM0 1669 / I0sa0 1613 meM racI gayI isa zAkhA kI eka paTTAvalI3 bhI milatI hai jo jinacandrasUri 'tRtIya' ke ziSya rAjasundara kI kRti hai / sAmprata nibandha meM ukta sabhI sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para kharataragaccha kI isa zAkhA ke itihAsa para prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| zAkhA pravartaka AcArya jinavardhanasUri apane samaya ke udbhaTa vidvAnoM meM se eka the| vi0 saM0 1474 / I0 san 19418 meM unhoMne zivAditya dvArA racita saptapadArthI nAmaka kRti para vRtti kI racanA kI / vAgbhaTTAlaMkAraTIkA' tathA pUrvadezIya * pravaktA, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vaaraannsii|

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68 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 . caityaparipATI, satyapuramaMDanavIrastavana, vIrastotra (zleSa), pratilekhanAkulaka Adi bhI inhIM kI kRtiyAM haiN| vi0 saM0 1467 se vi0 saM0 1478 taka ke 15 pratimAlekhoM meM pratimApratiSThApaka ke rUpa meM inakA nAma milatA hai| jaisalamera ke lakSmaNavihAra pArzvanAtha jinAlaya ke pratiSThApaka bhI yahI AcArya haiN| jaisalamera sthita mahAvIra jinAlaya meM rakhI haI caubIsa mAtA ke paTTa para utkIrNa vi0 saM0 1473 ke lekha meM bhI pratiSThApaka ke rUpa meM inakA ullekha milatA hai| jinavardhanasUri dvArA pratiSThApita aura adyAvadhi upalabdha pratimAoM kA vivaraNa kra0 vi0 saM0 tithi/miti | lekha kA prakAra prAptisthAna saMdarbha grantha 1. 1467 jyeSTha vadi5 | pArzvanAtha kI pratimA | munisuvrata jinAlaya, | vinayasAgara, saMpA0, | kA lekha |mAlapurA pratiSThAlekhasaMgraha, lekhAMka 192 2. 1469 mAgha sudi6 paMcAyatI maMdira, vahI, lekhAMka 197 jayapura 3. 1469 jinarAjasari AdinAtha jinAlaya, | muni vidyAvijaya, saMpA0, kI pratimA kA |delavAr3A, udayapura | prAcInalekhasaMgraha, lekha lekhAMka 105 4. 1469 |tithivihIna | AdinAtha |paMcAyatI maMdira, pratiSThAlekhasaMgraha, kI paMcatIrthI jayapura lekhAMka 200 pratimA kA lekha 5. 1469 zAMtinAtha AdinAtha jinAlaya, | vahI, lekhAMka 201 kI paMcatIrthI |bhaiMsaroDagar3ha pratimA kA lekha |1473 caitra pUrNimA AdinAtha jinA0, | prAcInalekhasaMgraha, | delavAr3A lekhAMka 108 ajitanAtha candraprabha jinAlaya, | paranacanda nAhara, saMpA0, kI pratimA jaisalamera jainalekhasaMgraha, bhAga3, kA lekha lekhAMka 2288-2289 8. 1473 prazastilekha | pArzvanAtha jinAlaya, | vahI, bhAga 3, lekhAMka jaisalamera 2112-2113 1473 caubIsa jina-mAtA ke mahAvIra jinAlaya, | vahI, bhAga-3, lekhAMka 2432 paTTa para utkIrNa lekha jaisalamera zAMtinAtha kI |bRhatkharataragaccha vahI, bhAga-3, lekhAMka 2479 pratimA kA lekha kA upAzraya, jaisalamera pArzvanAtha | vAphaNA savAIrAma | vahI, bhAga-3, lekhAMka 2538 kI pratimA kA lekha kA maMdira, jaisalamera vaizAkha zAMtinAtha kI bar3A maMdira, nAgaura | pratiSThAlekhasaMgraha, vadi1 paMcatIrthI pratimA lekhAMka 208 kA lekha

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kharataragaccha-pippalakazAkhA kA itihAsa 69 kra0 vi0saM0 tithi/miti | lekha kA prakAra prAptisthAna saMdarbha grantha kA lekha 13.|1473 | jyeSTha sudi4 | caubIsI jina pratimA | AdinAtha jinAlaya, | prAcInalekhasaMgraha, lekhAMka112 | delavAr3A, udayapura 14. |1475 | jyeSTha sudi7 | pArzvanAtha kI | pArzvanAtha jinAlaya, | vahI, lekhAMka 115 guruvAra pratimA kA lekha | delavAr3A, udayapura 15.1478 | tithivihIna ambikA kI pratimA | supArzvanAtha jinAlaya, agaracaMda bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, kA lekha nAhaToM kI guvAr3a, | saMpA0, bIkAnerajainalekhasaMgraha, bIkAnera lekhAMka 1769 vi0 saM0 1469 ke eka pratimAlekha meM pratimApratiSThApaka ke rUpa meM kharataragacchIya jinacandrasUri kA nAma milatA hai| cUMki isa samaya kharataragaccha kI pippalakazAkhA ko chor3akara kinhI anya zAkhAoM meM isa nAma ke koI AcArya yA muni nahIM hue haiM, ata: ukta pratimA ke pratiSThApaka jinacandrasUri pippalaka zAkhA ke pravartaka jinavardhanasUri ke ziSya jinacandrasUri se abhinna mAne jA sakate haiN| maho0 vinayasAgara kA mata hai ki sambhavata: ukta jinacandrasUri kharataragaccha kI laghu zAkhA se sambaddha rahe hoN| inake dvArA vi0 saM0 1486 meM pratiSThApita tIna pratimAyeM bhI milI haiM, inameM se eka pratimA mahAvIra kI aura dUsarI jinavardhanasUri kI hai| mahAvIra kI pratimA para pratimApratiSThApaka jinacandrasUri ke guru jinavardhanasUri kA bhI nAma milatA hai| pippalakazAkhA ke hI muni AjJAsundara ne vi0 saM0 1495/I0 san 1439 meM svalikhita bappabhaTTisUriAmanRpaticarita kI pratilipi kI prazasti meM svayaM ko jinavardhanasUri kA ziSya batalAyA hai|11 vi0 saM0 1516/I0sa0 1460 meM unhoMne vidyAvilAsacaupAI nAmaka kRti kI racanA kii|12 isa prakAra jinavardhanasari ke do ziSyoM-jinacandrasUri 'prathama' aura AjJAsuMdara ke bAre meM jAnakArI prApta ho jAtI hai| inameM se jinacandrasUri 'prathama' unake paTTadhara hue| jinacandrasUri 'prathama' ke do ziSyoM jinasAgara (AcArya pada vi0 saM0 1490 vaizAkha vadi 12) aura jinasamudra ke bAre meM jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| vi0 saM0 1491 se vi0 saM0 1520 taka ke kula 21 pratimAlekhoM meM pratimApratiSThApaka ke rUpa meM inakA nAma milatA hai|13 vi0 saM0 1494/I0 san 1438 kA eka lekha jo, eka stambha para utkIrNa hai, meM inake kucha ziSyoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| muni jayantavijaya14 ne isa lekha kI vAcanA nimnAnusAra dI hai: saMvat 1494 varSe pauSa sudi 2 rvau| zrI kharataragacche zrI pUjya zrIjinasAgarasUri gacchanAyakasamAdezena niraMtaraM zrI vivekahaMsopAdhyAyA: paM0 lakSmIsAgaragaNi jayakIrtimuni ratnalAbhamuni devasamudrakSullaka dharmasamudrakSullaka pramukhasAdhusahAyA (:) / / tathA bhAvamatigaNi

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70 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 (nI) pra0 dharmaprabhAgaNi (nI) ratnasuMdari (rI) sAdhvI pramukha saM0molhA saM0 DUMgara sA0 melA pramukha zrAvaka zrAvikA prabhRti zrIvidhisamudAyasahitAH zrIAdinAtha zrIneminAthau pratyahaM prnnmNti|| prApti sthAnavimalavasahI, AbU jinacandrasUri ke dvitIya ziSya jinasamudrasUri dvArA racita na koI kRti milatI hai aura na hI kisI pratimAlekhAdi meM inakA pratimApratiSThApaka ke rUpa meM koI ullekha hI hai| inake ziSya jinadevasUri hue jinase vi0saM0 1566/I0 sa0 1510 meM kharataragaccha kI AdyapakSIyazAkhA astitva meM aayii|15 pippalakazAkhA ke muni dharmacandra ne vi0saM0 1513/I0 san 1457 meM sindUraprakaravyAkhyA kI racanA kii|16 karpUramaMjarIsaTTakaTIkA aura svAtmasambodha bhI inhIM kI kRtiyAM haiN|17 ukta kRtiyoM kI prazastiyoM meM inhoMne svayaM ko jinasAgarasUri kA ziSya batalAyA hai| pippalakagacchIya jinasundarasUri (AcArya pada vi0 saM0 1511) dvArA pratiSThApita do salekha pratimAyeM milI haiN| ye vi0 saM0 1515 aura vi0saM0 1525 kI haiN| ina lekhoM meM pratimApratiSThApaka AcArya ke guru-rUpa meM jinasAgarasUri kA nAma milatA hai| inakA mUlapATha nimnAnusAra hai : 1- saM0 1515 mAgha sudi 14 dine U00 jAMgar3A gotre sA0 kAlhA bhAryA jhavakU suta sA0 rUpAkena saparivAreNa zrI saMbhavanAtha biMbaM kAritaM pratiSThitaM zrI Sa0 (kha) ga0 zrI jinasAgarasUripaTTe zrIjinasundarasUribhiH pUranacaMda nAhara- saMpA0, jainalekhasaMgraha, bhAga-1, lekhAMka 480. 2- saM0 1525 varSe vaizAkha sudi 7 dine zrImAlajJAtau gheurIyAgotre sA0 rAmA putra sA0 rAMjAkena putra ghetA vIlhA kAnhAyutena bRhatputra chAr3A puNyArthaM zrIsuvidhinAthaviva (bibaM) kAritaM pratiSThitaM zrIjinasundarasUribhiH khrtr| muni kAMtisAgara, zatrujayavaibhava, lekhAMka 183. vi0saM0 1504 phAlguna sudi 9 ke cAra pratimAlekhoM meM pratimApratiSThApaka zubhazIlagaNi ke guru ke rUpa meM bhI jinasAgarasUri kA nAma milatA hai| zrI pUranacaMda nAhara ne ina lekhoM kI vAcanA dI hai|18 ina lekhoM meM pratimApratiSThApaka muni kI guru-paramparA dI gayI hai, jo isa prakAra hai:

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kharataragaccha-pippalakazAkhA kA itihAsa 71 jinavardhanasUri jinasiMhasUri jinasAgarasUri zubhazIlagaNi jinasAgarasUri ke tInoM ziSyoM munidharmacandra, jinasundarasUri aura zubhazIlagaNi meM se jinasundarasUri unake paTTadhara bne| jinasundarasUri ke do ziSyoM jinaharSasUri aura jinahaMsa ke bAre meM sAhityika aura abhilekhIya donoM sAkSyoM se jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| ___ vi0saM0 1519 se vi0saM0 1564 taka ke 43 pratimAlekhoM meM pratimApratiSThApaka ke rUpa meM jinaharSasUri (AcArya pada vi0 saM0 1517) kA nAma milatA hai|19 inake dvArA vi0saM0 1537/I0sa0 1481 meM racita ArAmazobhAkathA20 nAmaka eka kRti bhI prApta hotI hai| vi0 saM0 1523 aura vi0 saM0 1551 ke pratimAlekhoM meM pratimApratiSThApaka vijayacandra aura jinacandra bhI jinaharSasUri ke hI ziSya the| yaha bAta ukta pratimAlekhoM se jJAta hotI hai| inameM se vi0 saM0 1523 meM pratiSThApita pratimA zItalanAtha kI hai aura Aja pittalahara jinAlaya, lUNavasahI, AbU meM saMrakSita hai| muni jayantavijaya21 jI ne isakI vAcanA dI hai, jo isa prakAra hai: __ saM0 1523 varSe vaizASa (kha) sudi 13 gurau zrIzItalanAthabiMbaM sA0 sudA bhA0 zrA0 suhavadevyA kA0 pra0 zrIkharataragacche zrIjinaharSasUribhiH vijycNdrenn|| vi0 saM0 1551 kA lekha zAMtinAtha kI dhAtu pratimA para utkIrNa hai| muni kAMtisAgara22 ne isakI vAcanA nimnAnusAra dI hai : ____ saM0 1551 varSe vaizAkha vadi 2 some ukezavaMze karamadIyAgotre ma0 gaNIyA bhAryA lAlI putra maM0 sahijA bhA0 sahijalade putra maM0 maNorAdisahitena svazreyase zrIzaMtinAthabiMbaM kAritaM pratiSThitaM zrIkharataragacche zrIjinaharaSa (harSa) sUripaTTe zrI jina pa (?bha) dra sUribhiH zrI vinayasAgara ke anusAra yahAM (jinacandra) pATha honA cAhie na ki jinabhadra, jaisA ki muni kAMtisAgara kA mata hai|

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72 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 jinaharSasUri ke paTTadhara jinacandrasUri 'dvitIya' (AcArya pada vi0 saM0 1544) hue|23 vi0 saM0 1567 aura vi0 saM0 1577 ke tIna pratimAlekhoM meM pratimA pratiSThApaka ke rUpa meM inakA nAma milatA hai|24 inake samaya meM vi0 saM0 1556/I0 san 1500 meM vAcaka vivekasiMha gaNi kI paramparA ke dharmasamudra ne sUkSmajAtakazAstra kI pratilipi kI, jisakI prazasti25 meM unhoMne jinavardhanasUri se lekara jinacandrasUri 'dvitIya' taka kI guru-paramparA dI hai jo isa prakAra hai: jinavardhanasUri jinacandrasUri 'prathama' jinasAgarasUri jinasundarasUri jinaharSasUri jinacandrasUri 'dvitIya' (inake nAyakatvakAla meM vi0saM0 1556/I0 sa0 1500 meM muni dharmasamudra dvArA sUkSmajAtakazAstra kI pratilipi kI gayI) jinacandrasUri 'dvitIya', vivekasiMhagaNi aura dharmasamadragaNi meM paraspara kyA sambandha thA, yaha bAta ukta prazasti se jJAta nahIM hotii| dharmasamudragaNi dvArA racita sumitrakumArarAsa(racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1567/I0 san 1511, prabhAkaraguNAkaracaupAI (vi0saM0 1573/I0sa01517, kuladhvajakumArarAsa (vi0saM0 1584/I0 sa0 1528, zakuntalArAsa, sudarzanarAsa, avantisukumAlasajjhAya, rAtribhojanacaupAI Adi kaI kRtiyAM prApta hotI haiN|26 sumitrakumArarAsa kI prazasti27 meM inhoMne svayaM ko jinacandrasUri kA praziSya aura vivekasiMhagaNi kA ziSya batalAyA hai: tAsu paTTi guru saMpai sohaI, zrIjinacaMdrasUri jaga mohai, dohaga nAsai naabhi| vAcaka vivekasaMgha laghu sIsa, prabhaNai zrIdharmasamudra gaNIsa, ANI buddhi vi chNd| saMvata panarahasi satasaThai, jAlaura nayara pAsa saMtuThai, kIU kavita aannNdi| ArAmazobhAkathA (vi0saM0 kI 16vIM zatI kA tRtIyacaraNa lagabhaga) ke racanAkAra malayahaMsa bhI jinacandrasUri 'dvitIya' ke hI ziSya the|28 jinacandrasUri 'dvitIya' ke paTTadhara jinazIlasUri (AcArya pada vi0saM0

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kharataragaccha-pippalakazAkhA kA itihAsa 7.3 1589) hue| inake dvArA racita koI kRti nahIM miltii| ThIka yahI bAta inake ziSya jinakIrti (AcArya pada vi0saM0 1596), praziSya jinasiMhasUri (AcArya pada vi0 saM0 1609) Adi ke bAre meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| jinasiMhasUri ke paTTadhara jinacandrasUri 'tRtIya' (AcArya pada vi0 saM0 1631) hue, jo vi0 saM0 1669 / I0sa0 1613 taka vidyamAna the|29 jinasiMhasUri ke eka anya ziSya guNalAbha hue jinhoMne vi0 saM0 1657 meM jIbharasAla nAmaka kRti kI racanA kI / 30 jinacandrasUri 'tRtIya' ke paTTadhara jinaratnasUri (AcArya pada vi0saM0 1682) hue| inake gurubhrAtA rAjasundara ne vi0saM0 1669/I0sa0 1613 meM kharataragacchapippalakazAkhA kI gurupaTTAvalIcaupar3a 1 kI racanA kii| isameM unhoMne udyotanasUra se lekara apane guru jinacandrasUri 'tRtIya' taka kI paramparA dI hai, jo nimnAnusAra hai: 31 udyotanasUri I vardhamAnasUri jinezvarasUri jinacandrasUri abhayadevasUri jinavallabhasUri jinadattasUri jinacandrasUri jinapatisUri jinezvarasUri jinaprabodhasUri jinacandrasUri jinakuzalasUri jina padmasUri jinalabdhisUri

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--- 74 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 jinacandrasUri jinodayasUri jinarAjasUri jinavardhanasUri (vi0 saM0 1469 athavA vi0saM0 1474 meM kharataragaccha kI pippalakazAkhA ke pravartaka) jinacandrasUri 'prathama' jinasAgarasUri jinasundarasUri jinaharSasUri jinacandrasUri 'dvitIya' jinazIlasUri jinakIrtisUri jinasiMhasUri jinacandrasUri 'tRtIya' rAjasundara (vi0saM0 1669/I0 sa0 1613 meM kharataragacchapippalakazAkhA kI gurupaTTAvalIcaupaI ke racanAkAra) ukta paTTAvalI meM ullikhita pippalakazAkhA ke munijanoM kA jo krama Upara diyA gayA hai usakA isa zAkhA se sambaddha granthaprazastiyoM evaM abhilekhIya sAkSyoM se bhI samarthana hone se pippalakazAkhA kI ekamAtra upalabdha isa paTTAvalI kI prAmANikatA nirvivAda rUpa se siddha hotI hai| AcArya jinaratnasUri ke paTTadhara jinavardhamAnasUri (AcArya pada vi0saM0 1689) hue| jinhoMne vi0saM0 1710/I0sa0 1654 meM dhannARSicaupAI22 kI racanA kii| isakI prazasti meM unhoMne apanI guru-paramparA kI lambI gurvAvalI na dete hue kevala zAkhApravartaka jinavardhanasUri tathA apane praguru jinacandrasUri evaM guru

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75 kharataragaccha-pippalakazAkhA kA itihAsa jinaratnasUri kA hI ullekha kiyA hai jinavardhanasUri jinasiMhasUri jinaratnasUri jinavardhamAnasUri (vi0 saM0 1710/I0sa0 1654 meM dhannARSicaupAI ke racanAkAra) jinavardhamAnasUri ke paTTadhara jinadharmasUri (AcArya pada vi0saM0 1757) hue| vi0 saM0 1795/I0 san 1739 meM racita zivacandrasUrirAsa33 se jJAta hotA hai ki vi0saM0 1776/I0sa0 1720 meM udayapura meM inakA dehAnta huA, tatpazcAt inake ziSya jinazivacandrasUri (AcArya pada vi0saM0 1786) pippalakazAkhA ke nAyaka bne| inhoMne zatruJjaya, giranAra tathA pUrva bhArata ke vibhinna tIrthasthAnoM kI yAtrAyeM kii| zAha lAdhA dvArA racita ukta zrIjinazivacandrasarirAsa se inake bAre meM vistRta jAnakArI prApta hotI hai|34 vi0saM0 1794 meM ye khambhAta pdhaare| kisI vidharmI vyakti ke kahane se vahAM ke yavana zAsaka ne dhana prApta karane ke uddezya se inheM kaThora zArIrika vedanA pahaMcAyI, jisase asamaya meM hI inakI mRtyu ho gayI aura isake sAtha hI sAtha pippalakazAkhA kA astittva bhI sadaiva ke liye samApta ho gyaa| ukta sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para isa zAkhA ke munijanoM ke guru-ziSya paramparA kI eka tAlikA kA punargaThana kiyA jA sakatA hai, jo isa prakAra hai draSTavya-tAlikA kramAMka-1 vi0saM0 1617 meM somacandrarAjAcaupAI ke racanAkAra muni vinayasAgara35 bhI pippalakazAkhA se hI sambaddha the| ukta kRti kI prazasti meM unhoMne apanI guru-paramparA dI hai, jo isa prakAra hai

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76 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 ---- mAnakIrti devakalaza sumatikalaza vinayasAgara (vi0 saM0 1617/I0sa0 1561 meM somacandrarAjAcaupAI ke racanAkAra) muni vinayasAgara dvArA racita citrasenapadmAvatIrAsa rAkSasakAvyaTIkA, rAdhavapANDavIyakAvya, vidagdhamukhamaMDanaTIkA, praznaprabodha kAvyAlaMkAra svopajJaTIkAsaha, bhaktAmaraTIkA, kalyANamandiraTIkA Adi kRtiyAM bhI prApta hotI haiN|26 sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para nirmita pippalakazAkhA ke munijanoM ke guru-ziSya paramparA kI pUrvokta tAlikA evaM somacandrarAjAcaupAI meM prazastigata pippalakazAkhA ke munijanoM ke bIca kyA sambandha rahA, yaha jJAta nahIM hotaa| ThIka yahI bAta dharmacandra ke ziSya matinandana (vi0saM0 16vIM zatI meM dharmavilAsa37 ke kartA); jinasiMhasUri ke praziSya aura labdhicandra ke ziSya zivacandra (vidAdhamukhamaNDanasubodhikA38 ke racanAkAra); dayAsAgara ke ziSya udayasamudra (vi0saM0 1619/I0 san 1553 meM madananariMdacarita39 ke racanAkAra); haMsarAja (vi0 saM0 17vIM zatI meM jJAnabAvanI evaM dravyasaMgrahabAlAvabodha ke racanAkAra) Adi ke bAre meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| kSetrasamAsaprakaraNabAlAvabodha (racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1656), lokanAlavArtika 39a (vi0saM017vIM zatI), vAgbhaTTAlaMkAraTIkA (vi0 saM0 17vIM zatI) Adi ke racanAkAra sAdhudharma ke praziSya aura sahajaratna ke ziSya udayasAgara40, kuladhvajakumArarAsa ke kartA aura kamalaharSa ke ziSya udayasamudra, jayasenacaritra 2 (vi0saM0 18vIM zatI) ke racanAkAra aura vivekaratnasUri ke ziSya ratnalAbha, karmavipAka, karmastava Adi ke racanAkAra aura udayasAgara ke praziSya tathA jayakIrti ke ziSya sumatisUri 3 bhI kharataragaccha kI pippalakazAkhA se hI sambaddha rahe kintu tAlikA saMkhyA 1 meM pradarzita pippalakazAkhA ke munijanoM se ukta racanAkAroM kA kyA sambandha thA, yaha jJAta nahIM hotaa|

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77 sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para nirmita kharataragacchapippalakazAkhA ke munijanoM kI guru-ziSya paramparA kI tAlikA-1 vardhamAnasUri jinezvarasUri (caulukyanareza durlabharAja kI rAjasabhA * meM vAda vijetA aura kharatara upAdhi jinacandrasUri se vibhUSita) karcaparIyagaccha ke AcArya jinezvarasari abhayadevasUri (jinavallabhasUri ke dIkSAguru) jinavallabhasUri jinadattasUri maNidhArI jinacandrasUri jinapatisUri jinezvarasUri jinaprabodhasUri jinacandrasUri jinakuzalasUri jinapadmasUri jinalabdhisUri jinacandrasUri jinodayasUri jinarAjasUri kharataragaccha kI jinabhadrasUri (kharataragacda mukhyazAkhA) AjJAsundara (pippalakazAkhA ke pravartaka) jinavardhanasari (vi0saM01467-78) pratimAlekha jayasAgara jinacandrasUri (prathama) (vi0saM0 1469-86) pratimAlekha jinasiMhasUri . jinasAgarasUri (vi0saM01489-1520) pratimAlekha bhaktilAbha (vinikRtiyoM ke racanAkAra) dharmacandra jinasundarasUri zubhazIlagaNi (karpUramaMjarIsakaTIkA, sindUra- (vi0saM0 1515prakaraTIkA Adi ke kartA) 1525 pratimAlekha jinasamudrasUri jinadevasUri (khataragaccha kI AdhapakSIya zAkhA ke pravartaka)

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78 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 jinaharSasUri (vi0 saM01519.1564) pratimAlekha jinahaMsasUri (vi0saM0 1.09-1.68) pratimAlegnu jinacandrasUri (dvitIya) vivakasiMha jinasundarasUri (ArAmazobhAkathA. vi0saM0 16vIM zatI ke racanAkAla) dharmasamudragaNi jinazIlasUri jinakIrtisUri jinasiMhasUri guNalAbha (vi0saM0 1656 meM jIbharasAla ke racanAkAra) jinacandrasUri (tRtIya) (vi0saM0 1669 meM vidyamAna) jinaratnasUri munirAjasundara (vi0saM0 1669 meM pippalakagacchapaTTAvalIcaupAI ke racanAkAra) (vi0saM0 1710 meM ji pannARSicaupAI ke racanAkAra) jinadharmasUri (caturtha) aparanAma zivacandrasari vi0saM0 1794 meM svargastha vi0 saM0 kI 18vIM zatI ke pazcAt isa zAkhA se sambaddha pramANoM ke abhAva ko dekhate hue yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki isa samaya ke pazcAt isa zAkhA kA mahattva samApta ho gayA aura isake anuyAyI kharataragaccha kI kinhIM anya zAkhAoM se sambaddha ho gaye hoNge| prastuta Alekha ke lekhana evaM saMzodhana meM svanAmadhanya zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA evaM maho0 vinayasAgarajI kA udAra sahayoga prApta huA hai, jisake liye lekhaka unakA hRdaya se AbhArI hai| saMdarbha agaracanda nAhaTA, "zvetAmbara zramaNoM ke gacchoM para saMkSipta prakAza', yatIndrasUri abhinandana grantha, saMpA0, paM0 lAlacaMda bhagavAnadAsa gAMdhI, Ahora 1958 I0sa0, pRSTha-146.

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79 maNidhArI jinacandrasUri kAvyAMjali, racayitA paM0 becaradAsa dozI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama laghu prakAzana : 3, vArANasI 1980 I0, prastAvanA (lekhakamaho0 vinayasAgara) pRSTha-11. ........atha jinavardhanasUrayo atha jinavardhanasUrayo vyaMtaraprayogeNa grathiNIbhUtA: saMta: pippalagrAme gatvA sthitAH, kiyaMta: ziSyAH pArzve sthitvNtH| muni jinavijaya, saMpA0, kharataragacchapaTTAvalIsaMgraha, kalakattA 1932 I0, pRSTha-32. isI saMgraha meM prakAzita kharataragaccha kI eka anya paTTAvalI meM bhI isI prakAra kI sUcanA hai| draSTavya- pRSTha-55. agaracanda bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, saMpA0, aitihAsikajainakAvyasaMgraha, zrI abhaya jaina granthamAlA, puSpa 8, kalakattA vi0 saM0 1994, pRSTha319-20. H.D. Velankar, Ed. Jinaratnakosha, Poona 1944 A.D., P-415. Ibid, P-347 mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI, jainagUrjarakavio, bhAga 1, navIna saMskaraNa, saMpA0 DaoN0 jayanta koThArI, ahamadAbAda 1986 I0sa0, pRSTha-448-449. pUranacaMda nAhara, saMpA0, jainalekhasaMgraha, bhAga 3, lekhAMka 2432. muni vidyAvijaya, saMpA0, prAcInalekhasaMgraha, lekhAMka 104. maNidhArIjinacandrasUrikAvyAMjali, prastAvanA, pRSTha-15-20. muni vidyAvijaya, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 138-139. evaM vinayasAgara, saMpA0, pratiSThAlekhasaMgraha, koTA 1953 I0sa0, lekhAMka 258. vinayasAgara, vahI, lekhAMka 258. jainagarjarakavio, navIna saMskaraNa, bhAga-1, maSTha-439-40. / prAcInalekhasaMgraha, lekhAMka 151, 152, 153, 163, 165, 168, 170, 286. pratiSThAlekhasaMgraha, lekhAMka 312, 313, 335, 340. muni buddhisAgara, saMpA0, jainadhAtupratimAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 1, pAdarA 1924 I0sa0, lekhAMka 526, 1104, 1180. muni kAMtisAgara, saMpA0, jainadhAtupratimAlekha, prathama bhAga, zrIjinadattasUri prAcIna pustakoddhAra phaMDa, granthAMka 60, sUrata 1950 I0sa0, lekhAMka

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80 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 93, 102, 302. muni jayantavijaya, saMpA0, arbudaprAcInajainalekhasaMdoha, lekhAMka 188. muni kAMtisAgara, saMpA0 zatrujayavaibhava, kuzala puSpa 4, jayapura 1990 I0sa0, lekhAMka 76, 91. muni jayantavijaya, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 188. aitihAsikajainakAvyasaMgraha, pRSTha-81. .Jinaratnakosha, P-442. maho0 vinayasAgara, kharataragacchIyasAhityasUcI, pRSTha-21. pUranacanda nAhara, jainalekhasaMgraha, bhAga 1, lekhAMka 171, 239, 256, 270. vahI, bhAga 1, lekhAMka 19, 48, 52, 154, 161, 216, 281, 284, 418, 423, 650, 662; vahI, bhAga 2, lekhAMka 1157; bhAga 3, lekhAMka 2128, 2421. prAcInalekhasaMgraha, lekhAMka 364, 479. pratiSThAlekhasaMgraha, lekhAMka 596, 597, 613, 628, 734, 739, 799, 852, 880, 894, 920. jainadhAtupratimAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 1, lekhAMka 77, 1159; bhAga 2, lekhAMka 148, 197, 313, 410, 422, 443, 487, 605, 690, 707, 719, 985. .. zatrujayavaibhava, lekhAMka 215, 231. Jinaratnakosha, P. 33. munijayantavijaya, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 415. jainadhAtupratimAlekha, lekhAMka 258. aitihAsikajainakAvyasaMgraha, pRSTha-76. pratiSThAlekhasaMgraha, lekhAMka 935, 965. jainalekhasaMgraha, bhAga 1, lekhAMka 567. A.P. Shah, Ed., Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit Manuscripts: Muni Punyavijayaji's Collection, Part ?L.D. Series No. Ahmedabad 196 A. D. PP. 448-49, No. 2727. 26-27. jainagUrjarakavio, navIna saMskaraNa, bhAga 1, pRSTha-239 aura Age. 28. sAhityasUcI, pRSTha-26. aitihAsikajainakAvyasaMgraha, pRSTha-76. 30. sAhityasUcI, pRSTha-65. 29.

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81 kharataragaccha-pippalakazAkhA kA itihAsa 31. aitihAsikajainakAvyasaMgraha, pRSTha-319-20. jainagUrjarakavio, bhAga 4, pRSTha-169-70. 33-34. aitihAsikajainakAvyasaMgraha, pRSTha-321-332. 35-36. jainagUrjarakavio, bhAga 4, pRSTha-91. sAhityasUcI, pRSTha-24,46. 37. vahI, pRSTha-16. 38. vahI, pRSTha-36. 39-39a. vahI, pRSTha-10 vahI, pRSTha-8, 36. vahI, pRSTha-44; jainagurjara kavio, bhAga 4, pRSTha-425. sAhityasUcI, pRSTha-27. vahI, pRSTha-8.

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hama samAja ko jor3eMge, hamane yaha vrata dhArA hai, jaina ekatA aura samanvaya, yahI hamArA nArA hai| "dRSTAMta upadeza se adhika kImatI hotA hai|" zubhakAmanAoM sahita, kizoracandra ema. vardhana me. vardhamAna bilDarsa 222-e. kaoNmarsa hAUsa. nagInadAsa mAsTara roDa, phorTa, muMbaI - 400 023 (c) oNphisa : 2675620, 2672425 nivAsa : 4952409, 4936167

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zramaNa kIrtikaumudI meM prayukta chanda DaoN0 azoka kumAra siMha somezvaradeva (13vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha) kRta 'kIrtikaumudI' kA aitihAsika mahAkAvyoM meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| gujarAta ke baghela rAjavaMza ke rANaka lavaNa prasAda aura vIradhavala ke purohita somezvaradeva aura cAlukya rAjA bhImadeva ke amAtya bandhu vastupAla-tejapAla meM pragAr3ha mitratA thii| vastupAla ke apane prati sauhArda, usake apratima parAkrama, sAhityika pratibhA tathA yaza se abhibhUta somezvara ne vastupAla ke guNoM kI prazastirUpa kIrtikaumudI nAmaka kAvya sahita, kaI prazastiyoM kI racanA kii| somezvaradeva uccakoTi ke pratibhAzAlI kavi the, kIrtikaumudI unakI utkRSTa sAhityika racanA hai| isameM pratipAdya tathyoM kA bhI vizeSa mahattva hai kyoMki isakA nAyaka kAvya praNetA kA samakAlIna hai, ciraparicita hai, pragAr3ha mitra hai| kavi aura kAvya nAyaka ke samakAlIna hone se isa kRti kI aitihAsika dRSTi se prAmANikatA bar3ha jAtI hai| kIrtikaumudI meM nau sarga haiM aura isake zlokoM kI saMkhyA 722 hai| isake sargoM kA nAma kramaza: nagaravarNana, narendravaMzavarNana, mantrapratiSThA, dUtasamAgama, yuddhavarNana, purapramodavarNana, candrodayavarNana, paramArthavicAra aura yAtrAsamAgamana hai| sargAnusAra kIrtikaumudI meM prayukta chandoM kA lakSaNa sahita vivecana isa prakAra hai| prathama sarga nagaravarNana meM 81 zloka haiN| isameM Arambha ke 76 zlokoM meM anuSTubh chanda prayukta haA hai| isake bAda 77 se 81 taka kramaza: upendravajrA, upajAti, puSpitAgrA, zAlinI tathA zArdUlavikrIDita chanda prayukta hue haiN| ina chandoM kA lakSaNa evaM kIrtikaumudI ke anusAra udAharaNa nimnavat haianuSTubhre zloke SaSThaM guru jJeyaM sarvatra laghupaJcama / dvicatuHpAdayorhasvaM saptamaM dIrghamanyayoH / / arthAt anuSTubh meM ATha varNa vAle cAra caraNa hote haiN| isake aneka prakAra hote haiN| anuSTabh ke pratyeka caraNa kA paJcama varNa laghu aura SaSTha guru hotA hai| prathama aura * variSTha pravaktA, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vaaraannsii|

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84 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 tRtIya caraNa kA saptama varNa guru aura dvitIya aura caturtha caraNa kA laghu hotA hai| zeSa varNa yA to laghu yA guru hote haiN| udAharaNa zriye santu satAmete, ciraM cAturbhujA bhujAH / yAmikA iva dharmasya, catvAraH sphuradAyudhAH / / 1 / / haraprAsAdasandohamanoharamidaM saraH / rAjate nagaraM tacca, rAjahaMsairalaGkRtAm / / 76 // upendravajrA (upendravajrAjatajAstato gau) isake pratyeka caraNa meM kramaza: jagaNa, tagaNa aura jagaNa ke pazcAt do guru hote haiN| udAharaNa sazaGkhacakraH prathitaprabhUtAvatArazAlI kamalAbhirAmaH / sa eSa kAsArazirovataMsa: kaMsapahartuH pratimAM bibharti / / 77 / / upajAti - (anntrodiiritlkssmbhaajau| pAdau ydiiyaavupjaatystaa:||) arthAt jisameM indravajrA aura upendravajrA kA lakSaNa milA ho, usakA nAma upajAti chanda hai| indravajrA chanda kA lakSaNa hotA hai- "syAdindravajrA jatajAstato gau" arthAt jisake pratyeka caraNa meM do tagaNa, eka jagaNa aura do guru hoM to usako indravajrA kahate haiN| udAharaNa upendravajrA indravajrA na mAnase mAdyati mAnasaM meM, pampA sampAdayati prmodm| acchodamacchoindravajrAdakamaSyasAraM, sarovare rAjati siddhbhrtuH||78|| indravajrA upendravajrA isa zloka meM prathama aura caturtha caraNa upendravajrA meM hone aura dvitIya aura tRtIya caraNa indravajrA meM hone se isameM upajAti chanda hai| puSpitAyA - (ayujinayugarephato ykaaro| yuji ca najau jaragAzca pusspitaagraa||) yadi viSama pAdoM meM do nagaNoM se pare eka ragaNa, eka yagaNa ho aura sama pAdoM meM eka nagaNa, do jagaNa, eka ragaNa aura anta meM eka guru ho to vaha chanda puSpitAgrA kahA jAtA hai| jaise

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kIrtikaumudI meM prayukta chanda pratitaTaghaTitormighAtajAtaprasRmaraphenakadambakacchalena / herahasitasitadyutiM svakIrtiM dizi dizi kandalayatyayaM tddaagH||79|| mAlinI " - ( nanamayayayuteyaM mAlinI bhogilokaiH / ) jisake cAroM caraNoM meM kramazaH nagaNa, nagaNa, magaNa, yagaNa, yagaNa hoM tathA ATha aura sAta akSaroM yati ho, usako mAlinI chanda kahate haiM / yathA 11 alaghulaharilipta vyomabhAge taDAge, taralatuhinapiNDApANDuDiNDIradambhAt / taruNataraNitApavyApadApannamuccairiha, viharati tArAcakravAlaM vizAlam // 80 // 85 zArdUlavikrIDita 12 (sUryAzvarmasajastAtaH saguravaH zArdUlavikrIDitam || - arthAt jisameM magaNa, sagaNa, jagaNa, sagaNa aura do tagaNa tathA anta meM eka guru ho aura bAraha, sAta para yati ho to vahA~ zArdUlavikrIDita chanda hotA hai / 13 jaise-- ekatra sphuTadabjarAjajirajasa babhrukRtaH subhruvAM, prabhrazyatkucakumbhakukumarasairanyatra raktIkRtaH / anyatra smitanIlanIrajaladalacchAyena nIlIkRta:, zreyaH sindhuravarNakambaladhurAM dhatte saraH zekhara // 81 // prastuta zloka ke prathama caraNa meM- rAjajirajasA ke sthAna para rAjirajasA pATha honA caahie| 'ja' se chanda bhaGga hotA hai aura artha meM bhI bAdhA AtI hai| dvitIya sarga "narendravaMzavarNana" meM 115 zloka haiN| isake prArambha ke 81 zloka anuSTubh meM, aThAraha zloka (82 se 99 ) upajAti meM, tIna (100 se 102) indravajrA meM, bAraha (103 114) vasantatilakA meM aura antima 115vA~ zloka mAlinI chanda meM hai / isa sarga meM prayukta chandoM meM se vasantatilakA chanda ko chor3akara dUsare chandoM kA lakSaNa prathama sarga ke vivaraNa meM diyA gayA hai| isakA lakSaNa evaM kIrtikaumudI ke anusAra udAharaNa nimnavata hai vasantatilaka 14 - (jJeyaM vasantatilakaM tabhajA jagau gaH / ) jisake cAroM caraNoM meM kramaza: tagaNa, bhagaNa, jagaNa, jagaNa aura do guru varNa hoM usako vasantatilakA chanda kahate haiN| jaise

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86 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 muNDeva khaNDitanirantaravRkSakhaNDA, __niSkuNDaleva dlitojjvlvRttvpraa|| dUrAdapAstaviSayA vidhaveva dainyamabhyeti, guurjrdhraadhipraajdhaanii||104|| mantrapratiSThA nAmaka tRtIya sarga meM zlokoM kI saMkhyA 79 hai| isa sarga meM prathama 50 zloka anuSTubh meM nibaddha haiN| isake bAda 213 zloka (51 se 73) rathoddhatA meM, do (74-75) zAlinI meM, zloka saMkhyA 76 vaMzastha meM, 77 zikhariNI meM, 78 mAlinI meM aura antima 79 puSpitAgrA meM nibaddha hai| ___ Upara prayukta chandoM meM se anuSTubh, mAlinI aura puSpitAgrA kA paricaya pUrva pRSThoM meM diyA jA cukA hai| anya prayukta rathoddhatA, zAlinI, vaMzastha aura zikhariNI kA lakSaNa tathA kIrtikaumudI ke anusAra udAharaNa nimnavata hai rathoddhatA16 - (rAnarAtiha rathoddhatA tgau||) arthat jisameM ragaNa, nagaNa, ragaNa, eka laghu, eka guru ho to usakA nAma rathoddhatA hai| jaise-- 17 yauvane'pi madanAnna vikriyA, no dhane'pi vinayavyatikramaH / durjane'pi na manAganArjavaM, kena vAmiti navAkRtiH kRtA / / 61 // zAlinI8 (zAlinyuktA mtau tagau go'bdhilokaiH||) athAt isa chanda ke pratyeka caraNa meM kramaza: magaNa, do tagaNa aurado guru hote haiN| isakI yati cAra sAta vargoM para hotI hai| udAharaNa 9 dRSTirnaSTA bhUpatInA tamobhiste lobhAndhAn sAmprataM kurvate'gre / yairnIyante vartmanA tena yatra, bhrazyantyAzu vyAkulAste'pi te'pi / / 75 / / vaMzastha20 - (jatau tu vaMzasthamudIritaM jrau||) arthAt vaMzasthake cAroM caraNoM meM se pratyeka meM jagaNa, tagaNa, jagaNa aura ragaNahote haiN| udAharaNa21 na sarvathA kazcana lobhavarjitaH, karoti sevAmanuvAsaraM vibhoH| tathApi kArya: sa tathA mniissibhiH| paratra bAdhA na yAthA'tra vaacytaa||76|| zikhariNI22 - (rasaiseMTraizchinnA yamanasabhalA ga: shikhrinnii||)

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kIrtikaumudI meM prayukta chanda 87 arthAt jisameM kramazaH yagaNa, magaNa, nagaNa, sagaNa, aura bhagaNa, anta meM kramaza: eka laghu aura eka guru ho to usa chanda ko zikhariNI kahate haiM- udAharaNa 23 puraskRtya nyAyaM khalajanamanAdRtya sahajA narIn nirjitya zrIpaticaritamAzritya ca ydi| samuddhartuM dhAtrImabhilaSasi tat saiSa zirasA dhRto devAdezaH sphuTamaparathA svasti bhavate // 77 // caturtha sarga dUtasamAgama meM 91 zloka haiM, jinameM se prathama 41 zloka anuSTubh meM, 47 zloka (42-88) upapUrvA meM zloka saMkhyA 89 vasantatilakA meM, 90 zardUlavikrIDita meM aura 91 puSpitAgrA meM nibaddha hai| prasaratyatha matsaraprabandhe drutamekena raNolbaNaM kRpaannm| apareNa sutaM kareNa vIraM, sahasA saMyati yAntameSa dadhe // 54 // jagati jvalitAkhilapradezaH, pracurIbhUtamalimlucapracAraH / sa parasparavigraho grahaNamiva teSAmabhavannarezvarANAm // 61 // yuddhavarNana nAmaka pA~cave saMrga meM 68 zloka haiN| isameM eka se 62 taka zloka anuSTubh meM, 63 se 67 taka vasantatilakA meM tathA antima 68 vA~ zloka hariNI chanda meM racita hai| sarga meM prayukta naye chanda hariNI kA lakSaNa evaM kIrtikaumudI kA ukta zloka nimna hai - hariNI24- (rasayugahayainsa mrau slau go yadA hariNI tadA / / ) arthAt jisameM nagaNa, sagaNa, magaNa, ragaNa, sagaNa, eka laghu to usa chanda kA nAma hariNI hotA hai| udAharaNa 25 aura pratinRpatibhirbhagnotsAhairnimagnamiva kvacit, sa ca narapatirvIrastIraM jagAma mRdhAmbudheH / dizi dizi yaza stomAn somAnvayI samacAraya ccaturakuralIcANakyo'yaM priyaGkaraNairguNaiH // 68 // guru pu. pramoda varNana zIrSaka chaTheM sarga meM 56 zloka haiN| isa sarga meM kAvya ke pradhAna chanda anuSTubh meM koI bhI zloka nibaddha nahIM hai / sambhavata: 'sAhityadarpaNa ke karttA' 26 AcArya vizvanAtha ke isa mata ke anurUpa ki koI sarga vividha vRttoM se yukta honA cAhie arthAt pradhAna chanda meM nibaddha honA caahie| isa sarga kI vividha chandoM meM racanA hai|

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88 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 isa sarga meM prathama 55 zloka upajAti meM aura antima 56vA~ zloka praharSiNI meM nibaddha hai| praharSiNI kA lakSaNa27 evaM udAharaNa28 isa prakAra hai praharSiNI - (mnau jraugastridazayatiH prhrssinniiym||) arthAt praharSiNI ke pratyeka caraNa meM kramaza: magaNa, nagaNa, jagaNa, ragaNa aura eka guru hotA hai| AzAyAmaziziradhAmni pazcimAyAmAyAte sukRtvtaampshcimo'sau| tAnkRtvA dhanakanakai: kavIn kRtArthAnAvAsaM svamabhi cacAla vstupaalH||56|| candrodayavarNana nAmaka saptama sarga meM 83 zloka haiN| jisameM prArambha ke 53 zloka anuSTubh meM haiN| 54 se 56 aura 59 se 72 upajAti meM 57, 58 indravajrA meM tathA 76, 80 evaM 81 puSpitAgrA meM racita haiN| 82, 83 zArdUlavikrIDita chanda meM evaM 73 vasantamAlikA meM, 78 praharSiNI meM tathA 74 aura 79 drutavilambita chanda meM racita haiN| isa grantha meM drutavilambita chanda kA prayoga saptama sarga meM hI pahalI bAra huA hai| isakA lakSaNa evaM udAharaNa isa prakAra hai drutavilambitamAha nabhau bhrau| arthAta isake pratyeka caraNa meM kramaza: nagaNa, bhagaNa, puna: bhagaNa aura anta meM eka ragaNa hotA hai| udAharaNa30 nigadituM vidhinA'pi na zakyate, subhaTatA kucayoH kuttildhruvaam| suratasaMyati yau priyapIDitAvapi, natiM na gatau cyutknycukau||79|| aSTama paramArthavicAra nAmaka sarga meM 71 zloka haiN| isa sarga ke Arambhika 56 zloka anuSTubh chanda meM haiN| sarga ke zeSa zlokoM meM se bAraha (57-68) puSpitAgrA meM, zloka 69vA~ zAlinI meM, 70vA~ praharSiNI meM aura antima 71vA~ zArdUlavikrIDita chanda meM racita hai| kIrtikaumudI ke antima navama sarga meM 78 zloka haiN| isameM bhI prastuta kAvya ke pradhAna chanda anuSTubh kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| isameM adhika saMkhyA meM zloka upajAti meM nibaddha haiN| upajAti se bhinna ATha zloka (kra0saM0 2, 4, 15, 20, 24, 43, 45, evaM 65 indravajrA meM tathA 74 se 76 vasantatilakA meM aura grantha ke antima do zloka zArdUlavikrIDita chanda meM nibaddha haiN|

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kIrtikaumudI meM prayukta chanda isa prakAra chanda kI dRSTi se kIrtikaumudI kA adhyayana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki isameM adhikatama zloka anuSTubh meM praNIta haiN| saMkhyA kI dRSTi se anuSTubh ke bAda kA priya chanda rahA hai- upjaati| anuSTubh chanda kA adhika prayoga isa tathya kI ora iGgita karatA hai ki somezvaradeva ne isakRti ko mahAkAvya kA rUpa denA cAhA hai| mahAkAvya ke lakSaNa ke rUpa meM pradatta vizvanAtha ke nimna do zloka prAsaGgika haiMekavRttamayaiH pdyaivsaane'nyvRttkaiH| nAtisvalpA nAtidIrghA: sargA aSTAdhikA ih||320|| nAnAvRttamaya: vavApi sargaH kacana dRshyte| sargAnte bhAvisargasya kathAyAH: sUcanaM bhvet||321|| uparyukta lakSaNoM ke anusAra mahAkAvya kI racanA prAya: eka vRtta-chanda meM hotI hai| sarga ke anta meM bhinna chanda prayukta hote haiN| sAtha hI koI sarga aisA bhI hotA hai jisameM pradhAna chanda se bhinna vividha chandoM kA prayoga rahatA hai aise sarga-vizeSa meM pradhAna chanda ke prayoga kA abhAva rahatA hai| isa kasauTI para kIrtikaumudI ke SaSTha aura navama sarga khare utarate haiN| ina donoM sargoM meM anuSTubh kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki somezvaradeva ne kIrtikaumudI meM chandoM kA prayoga eka nizcita yojanA ke anusAra kiyA hai aura ve saphala rahe haiN| saMdarbha 1. somezvaradeva, kIrtikaumudI, saM0 muni puNyavijayajI, siMghI jaina granthamAlA 32, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI 1961 2. jI0ke0 bhaTTa, Ana mITarsa eNDa phIgarsa Ava spIca, mahAjana pabliziMga hAusa, ahamadAbAda 1953, pR0-3. 3. kIrtikaumudI, siMghI, pR0-3. 4. kedAra bhaTTa, vRttaratnAkara, saM0 nRsiMha deva zAstrI, meharacanda dAsa, dillI 1971, pR0-61. kIrtikaumudI, siMghI, pR0-6. vRttaratnAkara, pR0-62. 7. kIrtikaumudI, pR0-6. 8. vRttaratnAkara, pR0-122. 9. kIrtikaumudI, pR0-6. 10 vRttaratnAkara, pR0-96. 11. kIrtikaumudI, pR0-6. 12. vRttaratnAkara, pR0-106.

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90 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 13. kIrtikaumudI, pR0-6. 14. vRttaratnAkara, pR0-92. 15. kIrtikaumudI, pR0-11. 16. vRttaratnAkara, pR0-67. 17. kIrtikaumudI, pR0-15. 18. vRttaratnAkara, pR0-66. 19. kIrtikaumudI, pR0-16. 20. vRttaratnAkara, pR0-73. 21. kIrtikaumudI, pR0-16. 22. vRttaratnAkara, pR0-99. 23. kIrtikaumudI, pR0-16. 24. vRttaratnAkara, pR0-102. 25. kIrtikaumudI, pR0-25. 26. kavirAja vizvanAtha, sAhitya darpaNa, pANDuraGga jAvajI nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI 1936, pR0-772. 27. vRttaratnAkara, pR0-88. 28. kIrtikaumudI, pR0-29. 29. vRttaratnAkara, pR0-75. 30. kIrtikaumudI, pR0-33. 31. sAhityadarpaNa, pANDuraGga, pR0-372-373.

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zramaNa munirAja vandanA battIsI DaoN0(zrImatI) munnI jaina* .. hindI sAhitya ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM evaM zrAvakoM kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| dharma, adhyAtma aura sadAcAra ke udAtta jIvanamUlyoM ko janamAnasa taka pahu~cAnA jainAcAryoM kA pramukha uddezya rahA hai| apane isa uddezya kI pUrti hetu unhoMne vizAla sAhitya kA praNayana kiyA hai| yadyapi jaina sAhitya ke prakAzana kA ullekhanIya prayAsa haA hai phira bhI abhI bhI bhArI mAtrA meM jaina sAhitya zAstra bhaNDAroM meM aprakAzita bharA par3A hai tathA sampAdana aura prakAzana kI pratIkSA meM hai| isa amUlya dharohara ke saMrakSaNa, saMvardhana aura pracAra-prasAra meM sahabhAgI bananA hama sabakA punIta karttavya hai| sAtha hI isa prayAsa meM zIghratA kI bhI AvazyakatA hai anyathA isa amUlya sAhitya ke naSTa ho jAne para hama sadA-sadA ke lie isase vaJcita raha jaayeNge| jainAcAryoM dvArA svatantra viSayoM ko AdhAra banAkara choTI-choTI racanAoM kI paramparA ati prAcIna rahI hai| padoM kI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para isa vidhA kI racanAoM ko pratipAdya viSaya ke sAtha aSTaka, SoDazaka, bIsI, paccIsI, battIsI, chattIsI, tathA zataka arthAt sau yA isase adhika pada-zIrSaka pradAna kiyA gayA hai| prastuta battIsI kI pANDulipi pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI ke pustakAlaya meM surakSita hai| 'manirAja vandanA battIsI' yaha zIrSaka hamane isakI pada-saMkhyA aura viSayavastu ke AdhAra para isa kRti ko pradAna kiyA hai| vastuta: isa pANDulipi ke Arambha meM 'atha vairAgazataka likhyate' tathA anta meM 'iti ciraJjIlAla kRta savaiyA samAptaM' ullikhita hai| parantu isameM isakA zataka aura savaiyA donoM hI rUpoM meM ullekha bhrAmaka hai| kyoMki isakI racanA mAtra battIsa padoM (11 dohA +16 savaiyA+3 kavitta +2 soraThA) meM hai| isameM munirAja ke guNoM aura tapazcaryA kI vandanA kI gaI hai| ata: pada saMkhyA aura pratipAdya ke AdhAra para isakA 'munirAja vandanA battIsI' zIrSaka sArthaka pratIta hotA hai| isake racayitA kavi ciraJjIlAla ne prAyaH pratyeka pada kI antima paMkti meM apanA nAmollekha kiyA hai| inakA samaya evaM anya paricaya anyatra bhI upalabdha nahIM ho sakA aura na hI inakI anya racanAoM ke hone ke viSaya meM saGketa prApta hote haiM, phira bhI prastuta * anekAnta bhavanam, bI23/45-pI0-6, zAradAnagara kAlonI, navAbagaMja mArga, vArANasI-10

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92 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 battIsI kI bhASA ke AdhAra para inakA samaya aThArahavIM-unnIsavIM zatI ke madhya kA pratIta hotA hai| isa battIsI ke adhikAMza padoM para manahara chanda kA atyadhika prabhAva hai| ata: isakA geya rUpa sarasa evaM madhura hai| isakI bhASA pUrNatayA sarala hindI hai jo Adhunika hindI vikAsa-krama ke dvitIya caraNa kA pratinidhitva karatI hai| isa kRti ke pratipAdya kA ullekha karane se pUrva isakI pANDulipi kA paricaya denA samIcIna pratIta hotA hai| ukta battIsI kI pANDulipi meM mAtra 6 patra (12 pRSTha) haiM, jinake donoM ora likhA gayA hai| pratyeka patra kI laM0 8 inca cau0 5 inca hai| pratyeka patra meM lagabhaga 8-11 paMktiyA~ haiN| pratyeka paMkti meM lagabhaga 10-12 zabda haiN| akSara bikhare-bikhare tathA bar3e AkAra meM haiN| lipi suspaSTa evaM paThanIya hai| prati ke antima patra ke eka ora kavi ne racanA kI samApti kara dI hai tathA usake dUsarI ora eka bhajana likhA hai- jisake anta meM yaha bhUdharadAsa kRta hone kA ullekha hai| abhI taka ke bhUdharadAsa jI kRta bhajanoM meM yaha pada upalabdha nahIM hai| ata: isa pANDulipi ke sAtha yaha bhajana bhI prakAzana ke lie naI upalabdhi svarUpa hai| prastata battIsI meM kavi ne maGgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama prathama tIrthaGkara AdinAtha, caubIsaveM tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura sAdhu kI stuti kI hai| isake pazcAt paJca mahAvratoM, pA~ca samitiyoM, tIna guptiyoM sahita mUlaguNoM ke dhAraka muniyoM kI mahimA kA varNana karate huye grISma, zIta aura varSA RtuoM kA sajIva citraNa kiyA hai| ina RtuoM meM vanoM meM nivAsa karane vAle sAdhuoM kI pariSaha zakti evaM unakI samatA kA citraNa kiyA hai gyaa| sAdhu ke AhAra-vihAra-nihAra Adi caryAyoM kA sUkSma pratipAdana karate huye muni dharma arthAt aNagAra (zramaNa) caryA kI mahimA siddha karate huye unakI vandanA kI hai| isa racanA ke pahale muni candrabhAna viracita 'aNagAra vandanA battIsI' zIrSaka se eka aprakAzita pANDulipi ko prathama bAra 'zramaNa' ke janavarI-mArca 1997 ke aGka meM (pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI) prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| isI zrRMkhalA meM yaha dvitIya racanA "munirAja vandanA battIsI' prakAzita kI jA rahI hai| ina donoM racanAoM ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hai ki prathama prakAzita 'aNagAravandanA battIsI' zvetAmbara paramparA se sambandhita hai aura prastuta 'munirAja vandanA battIsI' digambara paramparA se sambandhita hai jise yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai

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93 munirAja vandanA battIsI zrI AdinAthAya nmH|| atha vairAga zataka likhyte| AdinAtha stuti-(arilaH) Adi aMta guNakhAna, Adi avatAra ho| Adi dharmakaratAra nAbhirAya kula caMda ho| ari karma ko nAsa, parama sukha dhAma ho| kahata ciraMjIlAla, jagata siMgAra ho||1|| mahAvIra stuti-(savaiyA 31) tisalA jI ke naMdana, jagata saba vaMdana, bharma timra nAsabe ko, khaga' kI samAna hai| garbha hI Aya nAtha, indra vicAri, prabhu seva karo bhArI, moro subha kAja hai| tIna hI avadha dhAri, baMde saba nara-nArI chappana kumAri mila, nRtya hI karata haiN| siddhArthajI ke naMda kula, caMda aribiMda, kahata ciraMjI nita, vaMdanA karata hai||2|| sAdhu stuti-savaiyA eka hI svarUpa jAna, dUje rAga-dveSa TAla, tIjai tIna ratna dhAra, cAra hI kaSAya parahArI hai| paMca mahAvrata dhAra, chaha kAyA kI prIta pAla, sAta hI jo naya jAna, ATha mada hAri hai| noi bAr3a sIla pAla, dasa jati dharma dhAra, gyAraha pratimA ko dhAra, bArA bhAvanA ucAri hai| kahata ciraMjI lAla, karo bhavadadhi pAra jaise aNagAra tAko, vaMdanA hamArI hai||3|| yaha saMsAra hI asAra jAnate jo saba grahabhAra Atma abhyAsI hai| dayA dila mAhi dharai, jhUTha hI ne parahare adatta nahIM leta, sIlavrata dhAri hai| pragrare saba dUra tyAga, gaho nija bhedajJAna jathA jinaliMga dhAra, vana hI ke vAsi hai| kahata ciraMjIbAla, jaise munirAja sAra, 1. khagaH = sUryaH (saMskRta-hindI zabdakoza, ApTe pR0 321) 2. parigraha

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94 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca / 1998 dohA - dohA - dhyAna kI utkRSTatA - (savaiyA) - savaiyA marma saba hAra diDha, samagata dhAri haiM || 4 || 5. 7. hRdaya paMca mahAvrata ko dhAre, paMca sumati hiya dhAra tIna gupti gope sadA, so sAdhu guNa dhAma // 5 // sukala' hI dhyAna kare, karma saba dUra Tale / AtamA ko kAja kare, karma hI uTAya ju|| sukala hI lesyA dhAri, bhaye vrata mauna dhAri / lagi prabhu pritare bhAri, mana vaca-kAya ju|| sAta hI jo bhaya tyAga, jIvaNa kI nAhI Asa / gaho nija sarUpa jJAna, siva sukha pAya ju // dhyAna mAhi thira hoya, bharma kI riti oya / sighra' hI sarUpa joya, mana thIra thAya ju|| 6 // jJAna kI mahimA - jo jJAna kriyA hiya dhAri, so mUDhana mukhiyA siradAra jo bina pati abalA kahIya, tyoM vina jJAna kriyA kyoM gahI || 7 // 1. zukla 3. prIta zIghra jJAnagamya ziva prApta phala karma kalaMka nsaay| zivapadavI ko ve bareM, jinake hirade jJAna // 8 // jJAna hI teM mokha' hoya, jJAna hI te karma khoya jJAna hI teM sukha pAya, jJAna hI te puMna - pApa jAne jJAna hI te Azrava-saMvara so jAniye / jJAna hI te baMdha mokha, jJAna hI te te sura pada paaye| kahata ciraMjI lAla, jagata meM jJAnasAra yAte bheda jJAna saba dharma bIca lAye // 9 // sukha hota jJAna 2. mUla prati meM bhaya 4. mUla pATha - thIra = sthira ( ekAgra ) 6. saradAra (pradhAna) 8. mokSa

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munirAja vandanA battIsI 95 pA~ca samiti kavitta- 1. IryA samiti nirakha-nirakha, paga dharata-dharata karuNA cita laavt| tIna paiDa bhU calata nirakha, trisakAya na satAvata / / bikSA' artha nagara meM Avata, jAnata hAra so prAsuka khaavt| jaise manIsa namUM nita sIza karo bhavatIra sadAsukha pAvata / / 10 / / savaiyA- 2. bhASA samiti jaise munI bole bena, sabana ko sukha dena / nahIM to dharata mauna, saMbara baDAya ju|| mana meM vicAra leta, jaba hI vacana kht| parajIva pIDA nahIM paayju|| hiMsA ke vacana tyAgI, dayA dila mAMhi jAgi, karma hI khapAya ju|| bhASA hI sumati dhAri, munirAja hoya bhAri kahata ciraMjI sira nAya juu||11|| dohA- 3. eSaNA samiti chiyAlisa doSa hI TAla, munivara hAra jo leta haiN| bAIsa abhakha nivAra, prAsuka hAra munI grahata haiN||12|| savaiyA- 4. AdAna nikSepaNa samiti jeNAM dila mAhi ghara, upakarana lahe pAsa, jIva na haMNAya juu| 1. bhikSA 2. AhAra 3. bhASA samiti 4. jaina AcAra zAstroM meM muni ko AhAra sambandhI 42 doSoM se bacakara AhAra grahaNa karane kA vidhAna hai| ye 42 doSa isa prakAra haiM- udgama ke 16 doSa, + utpAdana 16 doSa, + eSaNA viSayaka 10 doSa + saMyojanAdi 4 doSa =46 vistAra se dekheM mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, DaoN0 phUlacaMda jaina premI, pR0 269-280 5. AhAra 6. bAIsa abhakSya (na khAne yogya vastueM isa prakAra haiM)- olA, dhokhar3A, nizibhojana, bahubIjaka, baiMgana saMdhAna bar3a, pIpala, Umara, kaThUmara, pAkaraphala jo hoya ajaan|| kandamUla, mATI, viSa, AmiSa, madhu, mAkhana, aru madirApAna / phala ati tuccha, tuSAra calita rasa, jinamata ye bAisa bakhAna / / -jinendra siddhAnta prakAza, bhAga-3, pR0202

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96 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 kArya kI siddha kInI, saMjama meM prIta dInI, karma hI vilAya juu|| aMtara kI pragaha' khoya........jANaya juu2| kahata ciraMjI bAla, cothi hI sumati dhAra AtmA ko kIno jJAna, zivapura jAya juu||13|| dohA- 5. uccAra prasravaNa samiti sudhara jo bhUmi dekha ke, uccArAdika jhaal| pAsAdika muni jAhA kare, jAhA kAyA nAha / / 14 / / savaiyA- gRhatyAga taja saba rAja pATha, tyAge saba gRha bAra, nAka mala DAre juu| tyAge saba ratana hAra, hIrA motI aura lAla. dukhadAi jANaya juu| strI aura putra-bhrAta-tAta, mAta setI neha tyAga, prabhU prIta dhAre juu| vana hI ke mAhi jAya, gurU kI jo AjJA pAya, muni padavI ko dhareM, jaise bAMjha putra jU // 15 // savayA vana meM hI vAsa kare, bichU sarpa Ana laDe, siMgha gajarAja bhaya, bahota hI jo bhAri hai pasu-paMkhI jIva-jaMtu, saba hI jo vana mAhi kAla ki samAna aura, mAsAdika hAri hai| aso hai bihaMga vana, jahAM nahIM kachu gamya tana kI mama tyAga, siddha hI sarUpa ke vicAri hai| kAosaga dhyAna kare, subha karma kI na cAha dhAre azubha ko nasAya, eka kevala kI Asa dhArI hai||16|| 1. parigraha 2. bIca ke akSara atyaMta aspaSTa hone ke kAraNa par3hane meM nahIM aaye| 4. mala tyAga (pA~cavIM samiti) 6. kAyotsarga 5. mAMsAhArI pazu Adika 7. kevalajJAna

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munirAja vandanA battIsI zIlavrata kAma mahA-balavAna baDo sura khaicara iMdra so cAkra kaari| nariMdra pati baladeva su cakrI, basudeva ityAdika bar3e bala dhaari| ora jo paMkhI-pasu' ityAdika saba hI ko kAma satAvata bhaari| so RkhirAja dharai na vibAda, kare vrata sIla su suMjama dhaari||17|| dohA sIla vrata saba vrata meM, hai moTo sirdaar| isabhava-parabhava ke bighe saMkaTa ttaalnhaar||18|| savaiyA- SaTkAya pratipAla sukrata kI khanI jAnI, saba jIva sukhadAnI kugati nasAyabe ko, pAvaka samAna hai| suraga ke sukha kare, pada mA Aya pAya paDai, logana meM jasa kare, moTo subha kAja hai,| pRthvI-appa-teja-vAyu vanaspati kAya, cartu jo bIsalAkha, jinarAja jI bakhAnI hai| trasa kAya cAra bheda ye na, ko na harNai je ti mana-vaca-kAya jAne, ApakI samAna hai||19|| dohA jinabAnI ko mUla hai, SaTkAyA prtipaal| anaMta jIva mukti gaye, SaTkAyA ho naath||20|| savaiyA siSare kahe guru suno, jIva hI na haNo jAya mAro hI na mare, kATo hI na kaTAya hai| jIva hI arUpI kaho, sajIva mAro jAya hai| guru kahe siSa suno, dasa hI jo prANa jAna pAMcoM iMdrI bena aura mana hai| kAyA hI jA bala prANa, sAsare Ayu yavi jAna inahI ko nAsa kare, soi prANAtipAta hai||21|| 1. pazu-pakSI 2. ziSya, 3. jIvana AtmA zvAsa 4. jIva hiMsA

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98 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 kavitta- guru mahimA guru bina jJAna, jJAna bina saMjama, saMjama bina mani pada nahIM Avata muni padavI bina, karma na nAsata, karma saheta, ziva sukha nahIM pAvata ziva bina caurAsI meM Dolata, caurAsI meM dukha anaMtA, janma jarA mRtu dukha hI paavt| kahata ciraMjI guru bina saMgata, bharma na jaavt| bharma hI jIva ko, jagata ruulaavt| // 22 // dohA guru ciMtAmaNi ratna hai, jo mAge so det| guru bina siSa' kujasa lahe, mAlI bina jyoM khet||23|| savaiyA AtmA kI zakti sAdhI, jJAna kalA dUnI jAgI guru ke prasaMga saba, AkulatA jAta hai|| sAMcI hI jA bAta kare, jhUTho paMtha parahare bhaidajJAna hI ko pAya, jinarAja gaNa gAya hai|| jinaliMga mudrA dhAri pragrahare saba dura hAri, AtmA kI zakti bhAri, sukala hI dhyAna dhyAyo hai ase aNIgAra karo, bhavidadhi pAra kahata ciraMjI nirakha, sIsa hI jhukAyo hai||24|| savaiyA- naye kI mahattA dharma ke dharanahAra, AtmA ke sAre kAja bharma timra nAsabe ko, khagare kI samAna hai| nece aura bihAranaya tAke SaT zazibheda inahoM ke jJAtA bhaya, naya pravana hai| naya ve hI jAne, soi samagita dhAri, naya ko lagAya, saba vastu hI pachAnI hai| jaina dharma syAdvAda, jAmeM haiM anaMta jJAna 2. parigraha 3. khagaH= sUryaH (saMskRta-hindI zabdakoza: ApTe pR0 321) 4. nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayA

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munirAja vandanA battIsI vItarAga jJAna bina, choroM' kI kahAnI hai||25|| dohA- yathArthajJAna adhyAtma dhyAna ko jo, graha hoya yathArtha jnyaan| mokSapaMtha praghaTa kare, jJAna zakti hiya dhaar||26|| arila:- zIlaguNa sAra bhoga bhujaMga samAna muni jAnata hi nita prata, bhujaMga hare isa bhava prANa, ye bhava-bhava dukha deta haiN| ase mana meM bicAra, sIla ratana mana aadreN| sIla hI ke pratApa, iMdra-caMdra-khagare vaMdana kreN||27|| dohA mana baca tIjI kAya, tInu joga milaayke| dhare sIla guNa sAra, Atma sudha vicaarke||28|| savaiyA- tIna RtuoM meM tapazcaraNa kA varNana sIta hI kI mAsa Ave, pAnI jaba jama jaave| sIta hI ke mAre jIva, vyAkula hI thAya hai| kei ghara mAhi jAya, kei pAvaka ke pAsa aay| kei garma vastra hI ko dhAra, sIta hI nivAri hai| banahI ke vRkSa dAhe, saba dravya TaMTa pAya sIta hI kI bAya cale, kAyA kaMpAya hai| osi hegI sIta mAsa, tAhI ke majhAra munI tIranI ke tIra, dhyAna meru kI samAna hai||29|| ravi kI tapta bhAri, kiraNa hI jo DoDI dhAri jeTha mAsa hoya jAri, ghama' teja hI paData hai| aDA cila choDa jAya, mRgasyAma hoya jAya vRkSa saba sUka jAya, bADa baDAuna calata hai| garamI kI ruta bhAri, jAne saba nara-nArI saba hI ko dukha deta, mAnu pAvaka paData hai| 1. bAlakoM ko sunAI jAnI vAlI kahAnI arthAt khela-khela meM mana bahalAne vAlI kAlpanika kahAnI 2. bhoga viSaya 3. sUrya 4. dhUpa

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100 zramaNa / janavarI-mArca 1998 dohA asi hI tapata mAhi, gira sikhara ThADe dhyAna ase RSirAja sAra, ciraMjI jo namata hai // 30 // pAvasa kI ruta Ave, ghaTA cahuM ora chAve, bijalI no camakAve, kAlI ghaTA bhAri hai| umaga ke ghaTA Ave, jala kI jo barakhA chAve, jala-thala eka thAve, pAnI paDe bhAri hai| ausi jo barasA kI mAhi, tapodhana dhare dhyAna, gira kI guphA meM jAya, mauna vrata dhAri hai / dizA vastra' aMgadhAra, sIla hI kI sejyA dhAra, tapa hI jo dhana mAla, tAko diSTa dhAri hai || 31 // yaha tInoM mosama jAna, muni karma se laData haiM / tana kI mamatA tyAga, sudha Atmapada dharata haiM // 32 // - iti ciraMjIlAlakRta savaiyA samAptaM pANDulipi ke antima patra ke eka ora racanA samApta kI sUcanA kara dI gaI hai| patra ke dUsarI ora likhita bhUdharadAsajI kRta yaha pada lipi baddha kiyA gayA hai| jo sambhavataH abhI taka prakAzita padoM meM nahIM dekhA gyaa| pada apanA / saMsArA || khalaka 0 // 1 khalaka eka rena kA supanA, samaja dekho koNa hai kaThana hae lobha kI dhArA bahA saba jAta ghar3A jese nara kA phUTA, pAta jima DAla se chUTA / samaja nara aisI jiMdagANI, abI tuM ceta ubhrama bhUlo mata dekha tana gorA, jagata meM jIva tajo mada lobha- caturAI, raho nirasaMka jaga sajana paravAra suta dArA, sabI usa roja hoya nyArA, nikala jaba prAna jAvege, nahI koI kAma Avege || khalaka 0 // 4 sadA jinarAja ko jhAuM, kara jor3I caraNa cita lAuM / mAhIM // khalaka 0 // 3 1. digambara mAnI // khalaka 0 // 2 nAyejhi / kaTe jaba janama kI veDI, kahe "bhUdharadAsa" kara joDI || khalaka 0 // 5 // iti //

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pramaNa kavitAeM hAsyavyaGgya kSaNikA (1) bhAratIya rela rASTrasanta gaNeza muni zAstrI jindagI se Ube, eka AdamI ne AtmahatyA kA vicAra mana meM / Ane para taya kiyA- rela se kaTakara mruuNgaa| dUsare dina, khAne se bharA huA Tiphina liye paTarI para jA lettaa| kucha dera bAda, eka vyakti vahAM se nikalA, aura isa AdamI ko apane najadIka Tiphina khisakAtA dekha bolA- 'are mahAzaya! marane jA rahe ho?' usane kahA-hAM! AdamI ne prazna kiyA-phira apanA Tiphina najadIka kyoM khisakA rahe ho? sunakara vaha AdamI tapAka se bolA bhaiyA! tuma kahIM buddha to nahIM ho? itanA to socate paTarI para leTA hU~ to rela se marUMgA, bhUkha se nhiiN| kintu, bhUkha hai, samaya para hI lagatI hai, rela kA kyA bharosA,

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102 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 __ . (2) aparimeya praNAma - razmi jaina he prabho mahAvIra merA bhaviSya ho sakate ho tum| tumhArA bhaviSya ho nahIM sakate hm| maiM ho sakatA hU~ tumhArA atiit| tuma ho sakate ho mere atiit| na bhUta se hai prIta na anAgata se lgaav| kevala raha gayA hai vartamAna se caav| he yuga vidhAtA trANa traataa| pitR bhrAtR maataa| sabako saataa| tere guNoM ko banane pradhAna hara prANI gAtA he yuga pradhAna! lIna jJAna-dhyAna tumhArA sammAna trailokya mahAna he samatA dhIra! mahAna gaMbhIra! hara prANI kA dekhakara duHkha baha jAtA ho samaMdara sA AMkhoM se niir| aise prabhu ko zata zata vaMdana koTizaH praNAma jo haiM ahiMsA ke avatAra bhagavAna mahAvIra vardhamAna vartamAna ke patha kA khuzabU bikharAtA huA hai advitIya phUla hama gaye the yaha bhUla he mahAvIra! tuma hI ho hamAre upAsaka/vikAsaka parama dhyeya/jJeya aprimey| *

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SRAMANA Third Monthly Research Journal of Parsvanatha Vidyapitha Vol-49] Number 1-3] General Editor Prof. Sagaramal Jain Editors Dr. Ashok Kumar Singh Dr. Shriprakash Pandey For publishing Articles, News, Advertisement and for Membership, contact General Editor Sramana Parsvanatha Vidyapitha I.T.I. Road, Karaundi P.O. B.H.U. Varanasi-221 005 Phone: 316521, 318046 Annual Subscription For Individual For Institutions Single Issue [January-March-1998 : : : Life Membership For Institutions : For Individual : Rs. 100.00 Rs. 150.00 Rs. 20.00 Rs. 1000.00 Rs. 500.00

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Sramana Jaina Process of Learning Dr. Mohan Lal Mehta* True education consists in right knowledge, right belief and right conduct. Acquisition of knowledge, i.e. learning is an essential characteristic of the sentient being. The Jainas regard knowledge to be of two types: indeterminate and determinate. These are two stages of learning. Indeterminate knowledge or darsana is the first stage of cognition. It is in the form of apprehension. Determinate knowledge or jnana is the second stage of cognition. It is in the form of comprehension. The process of learning passes through these two stages. Comprehension is the determinate, distinct and definite cognition of an object. The Jaina thinkers, just like other ancient philosophers of India, recognise two varieties of comprehension: Sensory and extra-sensory. Sensory comprehension is conditioned by the senses and mind, whereas extra-sensory comprehension is directly derived from the source of consciousness, i.e., soul. It perceives the object directly and immediately without any assistance of the senses and mind; hence, it is also called direct perception, immediate perception or extra-sensory perception Sensory (including mental) comprehension is of two kinds: verbal (sruta) and non-verbal (mati). As regards the varieties of nonverbal comprehension (mati-jnana), there is a slight difference of opinion among different authors. This difference lies in the fact that some of them have unconsciously undergone a confusion between apprehension and comprehension. Or let us express the same fact in a different way. They have dealt with the process of cognition in general without indicating its two divisions, viz., apprehension and comprehension. They * Former Professor of Philosphy, Pune University, Pune.

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JAINA PROCESS OF LEARNING regard even the first stage of cognition, i.e., the awareness of the contact of an object with a sense organ as a kind of comprehension (jnana). The fact is that upto the stage of the awareness of the existence of an object that arises just after the sense-object-contact, is the province of apprehension (darsana). Non-verbal comprehension is generally divided into four kinds: sensation (avagraha), speculation (iha), perception (avaya) and retention (dharana). Sensation is the first stage of comprehension of an object determined by a secondary common feature born of apprehension that follows the contact of the sense-organ and the object and has mere existence as its object'. Every object is in possession of two types of general attributes : primary and secondary. The primary generality is that of existence (satta). This is the highest type of universality. It is cognised by apprehension that arises just after sense-object-contact. Every other generality is secondary, because it covers a limited number of things. Sensation cognises a secondary generality and not the primary. one. The primary generality, i.e., mere existence is exclusively cognised by apprehension. Thus, sensation is the first stage of cognition of an object determined by a secondary common character. The contact between a sense-organ and its object is a relation competent for the rise of cognition. It is a sort of competency constituted by situation of the object in a spatio-temporal context which is neither too far, nor too near, nor intercepted by an obstructive barrier. Apprehension is that cognition which does not comprehend the specific characters of an object. It arises immediately after sense-object-contact. Apprehension itself is transformed into sensation when it attains the stage of specific determination at the subsequent stage of cognition, viz., sensation. After sensation which is the primary stage of sensory perception there arises a cognition that enquires more facts about the specific characters of its object. Speculation is the cognition, knowing the object more distinctly. In sensation there is only a general awareness of the object. In speculation, our enquiry advances towards a distinctive

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106 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 awareness. though we are not quite sure of the distinctive characters. We approximately grasp the distinctive features. For instance, in sensation we simply hear a sound and do not know the nature thereof. There we have a mere acquaintance of the sound. In speculation we are able to cognise the nature of the sound to a great extent. The Tattvarthabhasya differentiates sensation and speculation as follows: 'Sensation cognises only a part of the object, while speculation cognises the rest and strives for the determination of a specific feature'? Sensation, according to it, is an indistinct awareness of the object, that is why it cognises only a part of its object, while speculation is a distinct cognition, and hence, it knows the rest and strives for the determination of the particular character of its object. Perception is third variety of non-verbal sensory comprehension. It follows in the wake of speculation. The enquiry that begins in the state of speculation attains completion at this stage. In speculation our mental state tends towards the enquiry for the right and the wrong and in perception we attain the stage of the ascertainment of the right and the exclusion of the wrong. In other words, perception is a determinate cognition of the specific feature of an object. It arises from the exclusion of the wrong and the ascertainment of the right. Now, how does perception involve the ascertainment of the existent specific feature and the exclusion of the non-existent character? Take the same instance of sound. On hearing the sound, the person determines that this sound must be of a conch and not of a horn, since it is accompanied by sweetness which is the quality of conch, and not by harshness which is the quality of horn. This type of ascertainment of the existent specific feature of an object is called perception." Retention follows in the wake of perception. At this stage the determination that took place at the stage of perception is retained. The Nandi-surta defines retention as the act of retaining a perceptual judgment for a number of instants, numerable or innumerable." According to the Tattvartha-bhasya, retention is the final determination of the object, retention of the cognition and recognition of the object in the future. Thus, according to the opinion of Umasvati, retention develops through three stages. Firstly, the nature of the object is finally

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JAINA PROCESS OF LEARNING 107 determined, secondly, the determination of the object is retained and thirdly, the object is recognised on future occasions. Jinabhadra defines retention as 'the absence of the lapse of perceptual cognition'. At this stage the judgment which has been acquired in the third stage of comprehension, becomes so firm that it does not lapse. Like Umasvati he also admits three stages of retention. Verbal comprehension is the knowledge derived from the reading or hearing of words of trust-worthy persons. The knowledge embodied in scriptures, i.e., in the works of reliable authorities is also called verbal knowledge, Verbal comprehension is necessarily preceded by non-verbal comprehension. As has been observed by Umasvati: Scriptural comprehension is preceded by non-verbal comprehension. The difference of the two is that non-verbal comprehension comprehends only what is present, whereas scriptural comprehension knows what is present, past and future'. As regards the types of scriptural comprehension, there may be as many as the number of letters and their different combinations, since the very foundation of scriptural comprehension is verbal assertion, and such being the case, it is not possible to enumerate all the types.9 Bhadrabahu mentions fourteen salient features of scriptural comprehension. They are: alphabetic, discursive, right, having beginning, having end, containing repetition, that which is included in the original scriptures, non-alphabetic, nondiscursive, wrong, having no beginning, having no end, containing no repetition and that which is excluded from the original scriptures.10 He further enumerates eight qualities of intellect necessary to give rise to verbal comprehension. These qualities are: desire for hearing, repeated questioning, attentive hearing, grasping, enquiry, conviction, retention and right action.11 To properly grasp the importance of verbal comprehension let us understand the nature of alphabet. The Nandisutra recognises three varieties of alphabet : script, sound and learning. The shape of a letter is called script or alphabet proper. The spoken letter is nothing but sound. Learning is the competency to follow the meaning of the letters and their combinations. 12 The first two varieties are only material symbols written or spoken. The third variety is verbal comprehension proper, in as much as it is kind of cognition which is different from material symbols. It can be produced through any of

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108 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 the senses and mind provided it involves verbal assertion. When we hear a sound or see a coloured shape, there arises in the wake of sensory perception, i.e., non-verbal comprehension, a cognition having appropriate words composed of various letters following the conventional vocabulary. This type of cognition is called verbal comprehension. Reference: 1. Pramana-naya-tatt valoka, Vadidevasuri, trans. Hindi, Pt. Sobhacandra Bharilla, Jaina Gurukula-Sikshana-Sangha, Byavara, 1942, 11,7. Tattvartha-bhasya, Umasvati, Srimad Rajacandra Jaina Sastramala Srimad Rajacandra Asrama, Agasa, 1932, 1-15. 3. Ibid 1-15. 4. Visesavasyaka-bhasya, Jinabhadragani, ed. Nathmal Tatia, Research Institute of Prakst, Jainology and Ahimsa, Vaishali, 1972, 290. Nandi-sutra, ed. Madhukara Muni., Jinagama text S.No. 12, Agama Publication Committee, Byavara 1982, 35. 6. Ibid I, 15. 7. Visesavasyaka-bhasya Vaishali 80. 8. Ibid, 1, 20. 9. Avasyakaniryukti, 17. Part One, Bherulal Kanhaiyalal Kothari, Dharmika Trust, Bombay 1981. 10. Ibid., 19. 11. Ibid., 22. 12. Nandi-sutra, Byavara, 38.

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sramana A Study of Extracts in Astaka-Prakarana Dr. Ashok Kumar Singh* Haribhadra, an eminent scholar with the sound background of Brahmin tradition, after his conversion to Jaina faith, became authority in Sramanic tradition, too. His sound and deep knowledge of both traditions, as usual, proved to be great boon for him when he set upon to corroborate Jaina view-points, to refute those of other's (heretic.). His profound knowledge, of different traditions and multifarious disciplines, magnificently enriched by his genius, produced a great number of treaties of everlasting importance on the variety of subjecs. In Astaka Prakarana also, most frequently, he quoted or referred to, with remarkable ease or rather at his will to support the Jaina viewpoint or refute that of heretics, from Jaina, Vedic and Buddhist texts. In the process scores of verses, references, occurred there in. He has cited some verses alongwith author's name such as Mahamati (Siddhasena Divakara), in case of Nyayavatara and 'Mahatmana' (Maharsi Vyasa), in case of Mahabharata, some references with titles e.g. Sivadharmottara and Lankavatarasutra. But majority of the quotes or references occurred without divulging the both i.e. the name of author and title. The quotations and references, from Jaina canons and exegetical literature, have been referred to as Jinagama, 'Sutramityade' and Sutre. Here is an attempt to trace and analyse the sources of these verses etc. quoted or referred to in Astaka Prakarana. Before proceeding, the effort of Mr. Khushaladas Jagajivanadasa, the editor of Gujarati translation of Astaka-Prakarana * Sr. Lecturer, Parsvanath Vidyapitha.

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880: 940T/HARRI-478/8884 brought out by Mahavira Jaina Vidyalaya, Bombay 1941, must be acknowledged. Though he did not find out the sources of all the extracts and with full details yet his effort is commendable. A study of these extracts etc. reveals that Haribhadra in this text has cited from or referred to Valmiki Ramayana, Mahabharata, Manusmsti, Visnusmoti, Sivadharmottarapurana etc. Brahminical texts. Acarangasutra, Kalpasutra, Avasyakaniryukti, Nyayavatara and Visesavasyaka Bhasya among Jaina texts and Buddhist text in sanskrt, Lankavatarasutra. As already mentioned Vedic text Sivadharmottarapurana and Buddhist text Lankavatarasutra have been explicitly referred to. Sources of the remaining quotations etc. have to be traced out. We find, in this regard that the first quotation occurs in the fourth Agnikarikastakam. Haribhadra in this Astaka maintains that the practice of Sacrificial fire (Agnikarika), resorted to by devotees of heretic traditions, bestows worldly achievements only. The ultimate goal of emancipation, attained by knowledge and meditation, can never be realised by it (Sacrificial fire). The verses : one containing his (Haribhadra's) proposition and other quoted from Sivadharmottarapurana to prove his point, are as follows -- dIkSA mokSArthamAkhyAtA jJAnadhyAnaphalaM ca sa / zAkhA ukto yataH sUtraM zivadharmottare chadaH / / 2/4 pUjayA vipulaM rAjyamagnikAryeNa sampadaH / tapaH pApavizuddhyarthaM jJAnaM dhyAnaM ca muktidam / / 3/4 / / That is worship and Sacrificial fire (Agnikarika) yield worldly pleasures like statehood and riches only. Penances eliminate sins, salvation is the outcome of knowledge and meditation. Haribhadra, in order to glorify the penance, knowledge and meditation, and to denounce the worship and sacrificial fire, has cited the verse from Sivadharmottarapurana, probably another name of Sivapurana.

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A Study of Extracts in Astaka-Prakarana : 388 It appears that Acarya has composed these verses on the basis of ideas found in Sivapurana. I have not been able to trace this particular verse in Sivapurana. However, its 41th chapter, Kotirudrasamhita, verse 17-19 and in chapter 12th, Umasamhita the theme of the verse is available. It may be possible that at the time of Haribhadra this particular verse was available in some recensions of the text (Sivadharmottara). Again in the verse sixth of the same Astaka, Agnikarika, Acarya depicts that refraining from vicious conduct is better than endeavour to purify or eliminate it, after indulging in it (vicious conduct), through the act of benevolence etc. To substantiate this point, he has cited the following verse in the name of Mahatmana (coktaM mahAtmanA), occurring in Mahabharata -- dharmArtha yasya vittehA tasyAnIhA griiysii| prakSAlanAddhi pakasya dUrAdasparzanaM varam / / 6/4 That is for him, pursuing wealth for purposes of virtue, to refrain or abstain from such pursuits is better, because surely not to touch mire (at all) than to wash it off (after having besmeared with it) is better. In the 13th Dharmavadastakam the Haribhadra upholds that virtuous ones ought to deliberate on the essence of religion. He, at the same time advises them not to ponder over the definition of valid knowledge, because there is no use in (deliberating on) it. To support this proposition, he quotes a verse (karika), in the name of Mahamati (Siddhasena Divakara) (7911 GTE herfa:). The verses -- the one propounding his (Haribhadra) view and other, the quote are as follows-- dharmAdhibhiH pramANAderlakSaNaM na tu yuktimat / prayojanAyabhAvena tathA cAha mahAmatiH / / 4/13 / / prasiddhAni pramANAni vyavahArazca tatkRtaH / pramANalakSaNasyoktI jJAyate na prayojanam / / 5/13 / /

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112 : zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 That is righteous one ought not to deliberate on the definition of valid knowledge etc. because of lack of motive in discussing it. Also because great scholar Acarya Siddhasena has propounded likewise -- Means of knowledge and application ensuing them are wellknown, hence, relating the definition of valid knowledge (Pramana) is superfluous. The verse 'faalf IFA occurs in Nyayavatara (Karika, 2) of Siddhasena. However, it is notable that Nyayavatara is, not unanimously, ascribed to Siddhasena Divakara. According to some scholars Nyayavatara is not the work of Siddhasena Divakara. Haribhadra has denounced meat-eating, liquor-drinking and coupulation in 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th prakaranas of this text. In the process of refuting the view-point of advocates of meat-eating, he cites the famous verse of Manusmrti -- na mAMsa bhakSaNe doSaH na madye na ca maithune| pravRttireSA bhUtAnAM nivRttistu mahAphalA / / 2 / 18 / / There is no sin in eating meat, in drinking spirituous liquor and in carnal intercourse, for that is the natural way of living beings but abstention (from these) brings great rewards. On the basis of Manusmsti itself, he attempts to refute these contentions one by one. To refute meat-eating, he has cited the following verses form the Manusmati, which are self-contradictory. The verses of Manusmati occurred in Astaka Prakarana, (18th) are as follows -- mAM sa bhakSayitA'mutra yasya mAMsamihAmyaham / etanmAsasya mAMsatvaM pravadanti manISiNaH / / 3/18 prokSitaM bhakSayenmAMsaM brAhmaNAnAM ca kAmyayA / yathAvidhi niyuktastu prANAnAmeva vaa'tyye|| 5/18 'Me' he will devour in the next world, whose flesh I eat in this life, the wisemen declare this to be the real meaning of the term flesh.

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A Study of Extracts in Astaka-Prakarana : 383 One may eat meat, when sprinkled with water, purified by recital of mantras, when Brahmins desire one to do so, and when one is engaged in performing a rite., according to ritual and when one's life is in danger. It is evident from the former of the above two verses of Manusmrti, that Smotikara warns the meat-eater to face the same fate in his next birth i.e. to be the object of the creature whose meat he has relished in the present-birth. On the other hand, Manusmetikara warns that a man, duly engaged to officiate or dine at a sacred rites, if refuses to eat meat, becomes after death, an animal in coming twenty-one births. This verse is as follows-- yathAvidhi niyuktastu yo mAMsaM nAtti vai dvijH| sa pretya pazutAM yAti sambhavAnekaviMzatim / / 7/18 / / Thus, in refusing the meat-eating the danger of becoming animal in 21 births, makes the idea of great reward meaningless. The cost of abstention 'falafa' being so dear, one will be forced to resort to inclination (meat-eating). Haribhadra, in his attempt to bringout the inherent contradictions of the verse, "7 HITATU 214:' annules the proposition, abstention is great reward 'Fagfarq461467". According to Haribhadra, abstention is irrelevant in the context of Jaina monks, who are strictly forbidden to take meat. Apparently, if the proposition of great reward is accepted, those not eating meat like Jaina monks will have no opportunity to have this great reward, hence proposition is illogical. It is notable that the recension of the first half of this verse (7/18) vary from that of Manusmati (5/35). The first half is as follows. niyuktastu yathAnyAyaM yo mAMsaM nAtti maanvH| 5/35 yathAvidhi niyuktastu yo mAMsaM nAtti vaidvijaH / 7/18

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114 : zramaNa / janavarI-mArca 1998 To refute the idea 'there is no sin in meat eating'. Haribhadra has also referred to Buddhist Sanskrt text, Lankavatarasutra also known as Saddharmalankavatarasutra, where Lord Buddha has forbidden meat-eating -- zAstre cAptena vo'pyetanniSiddhaM yatnato nanu / laGkAvatArasUtrAdau tato'nena na kiJcan / / 8 / 18 That is your attained (Buddha) also has prohibited meat-eating in Buddhist canons like Lankavatarasutra etc. hence advocating meateating is futile. The verse forbidding meat-eating found in Lankavatarasutra is as follows -- madyaM mAMsaM patnANDuM na bhakSayeyaM mahAmune / bodhisattvairmahAsattvairbhASadabhirjina puGgavaiH / / 1/8 mAMsabhakSaNa parAvartaH In the light of above verses, it becomes clear that Haribhadra has succeeded in pointing out the inherent contradictions of this proposition, 'na mAMsa bhakSaNe doSaH ' / While refuting the third contention 'there is no sin in coupulation, (na ca maithune) Haribhadra has referred to an illustration occurred in Vyakhyaprajnapti (Bhagavati). That verse in Astaka Prakarana is as follows -- prANinAM bAdhakaM caitacchAstre gItaM maharSibhiH / nalikA taptakaNaka praveza jJAtatastathA / / 7 / 20 -- That is great sages have preached in conons (II) through an illustration, that this intercource is the destroyer of creatures, in the sameway as the penetration, of heated golden-rod into pipe, kills insects. The illustration referred to by Haribhadra occurs in Vyakhyaprajnapti like this 'keI purise rUyanAliyaM vA bUranAliyaM vA tatteNaM kaNaeNaM samabhiddhasejjA' that is just as a human being may, with the help of a burning match-stick,

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A Study of Extracts in Astaka-Prakarana : 334 destroy a stalk of a cotton plant or a stalk of a Bura plant so does a soul imdulging in sex experience, incur non-restraint of the sorti. This illustration is also found in Purusartha-Siddhyupaya of Amrtacandrasuri (9th-10th cent. A.D.) in following verse. hiMsyante tilanAlyAM taptAyasi vinihite tilA yadvat / bahavo jIvA yonau hiMsyante maithune tadvat / / It means just as a hot rod burns up the sesamum seed filled in a tube, in which it is introduced, in the same way many beings are killed in the vagina during coupulation. In the context of (21st) Suksmabuddhyasrayanastaka' also Haribhadra maintains that in the observance of vows etc essence-- spirit or real meaning of such acts should be scrutinised thoroughly, lest good intentions turn into desiring ill towards others. To illustrate it, Haribhadra quotes the instance of a monk, vowing to give medicine to some one. It clearly implies the sickness of someone if the vow is to be fulfilled. To desire sickness, in any case, is not desirable. Haribhadra advises to consider the pros and cons of volited act or intention, minutely. To substantiate his point, he cites from Ramayana where Rama is seen wishing that his feeling of gratitude may decrepitude in his (Rama's) limbs itself, because the return of gratitude requires the doer to be in distress so that he could be helped, which is, in any case, an undesirable situation. It is notable that this verse is absent in all the recensions of Ramayana, barring its Kumbhakarna edition. The context of the verse, also is different in Ramayana and commentary on Astaka Prakarana. In Ramayana (Kumb. ed.) Rama is seen expressing his gratitude towards Hanumana, while in Astaka commentary, Jinesvarasuri describes that Sugreeva has expressed his gratitude towards Rama on the occasion of handing over of Tara by Rama to him.

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116 : zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 ___The verse quoted in Astaka Prakarana (6/21), and occurred in Ramayana, respectively, are as follows -- aGgeSveva jarAM yAtu yattvayopakRtaM mama / naraH pratyupakArAya vipatsu labhate phalam / / aGgeSveva jarA yAtu yattvayopakRtaM kape / naraH pratyupakArANAmApatsu labhate phalam / / - uttarakANDa, rAmAyaNa Thus, the word as occurred in Ramayana, aptly corroborates the version that this utterance is related only with Rama and Hanumana while that Astaka Prakarana (having 44) may be interpreted both ways i.e. Rama to Hanumana, or Sugreeva to Rama). It may be possible that commentator might have a recension of Ramayana in which Sugreeva is depicted as having uttered like this or the commentators assumption or source of information was not correct. Again in 25th 'Punyanubandhipunyapradhanaphalastakam Haribhadra cites the particular volition of Mahavira, while he was still in embryo, about not leaving the home in the life-time of his parents. jIvito gRhavAse'smin yAvanme pitarAvimau / tAvadevAdhivatsyAmi gRhAnahamapISTataH / / 4/25 A sutra and gatha containing the same theme occur in Kalpasutra and Visesavasyakabhasya, respectively, as follows -- no khalu me kappai ammApiUhiM jIvaMtehiM muMDe / bhavittA agArAo aNagAriaM pavvaittae / / - kalpasUtra aha sattamammi mAse ganmatyo ceva abhiggahaM giNhe / nAhaM samaNo hoi ammApiyarammi jIvaMte tti / / - vi0bhA0, gAthA 99

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A Study of Extracts in Astaka-Prakarana : 117 To comprehend the above reference it is necessary to describe the context of the proposition. Haribhadra presupposes that opponents may argue that for one, striving for the ultimate goal of salvation, what is the use of activities such as compassion, charity or service to or care for worldly creatures, in general or family members etc., in particular. To remove all these apprehensions, Haribhadra maintains that the inclination towards good deed and service to elders is likely to bring great reward in form of salvation and even seerhood (Tirthamkaratva). It is, in this context, he cites that even Mahavira, from the very beginning of his present birth of Tirthamkara, was involved in such virtuous activities. Again, the contention of Buddhist is that charity, made by Mahavira at the time of his renunciation, can not be termed as great. As his charity is numerable and this is clearly mentioned in Jaina canonical texts' (sUtramityAdi). The information regarding his numerable charity is mentioned in Acaranga and Avasyaka Niryukti, in following manner --- egA hiraNNa koDI advaiva aNNayA saya sahassA / tiNNeva ya koDisatA ahrAsItiM ca hoMti koDIo / asItiM ca satasahassA etaM saMvacchare diNNe / / 2/3/15/113 / - aacaaraangg| tineva ya koDIsayA aTThAsIi ca hoI koddiio|| asIi ca sayasahassA evaM svacchare diNNaM / / 220 - aa0ni0| Refuting Buddhist contention, Haribhadra maintains that greatness of his (Mahavira's) alm lies in his declaration 'ask for alm' 'ask for alm' (vrvrikaat:)| mahAdAnaM hi saMkhyAvadarthyabhAvAjjagadguroH / siddhaM varavarikAtastasyAH sUtre vidhAnataH / / 5/26

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118 : zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 This concept of 'Varavarika'is depicted in Avasyakaniryukti like this -- varavariA ghosijjai kimicchaaM dijjae bahuvihIu / suraasuradevadANavanariMdamahiANa nikkhamaNe / / 219 / / ___ In the 29th, Samayikasvarupanirupanastakam' Acarya Haribhadra anales those endowed with Samayika with Sandal who fill even the cutter (axe), with fragrance. This analogy of gentlemen with Sandal occures also in Subhasitaratnabhandagaras, in the name of Ravigupta -- sujano na yAti vairaM parahitanirato vinAzakAle'pi / cheda'pi candana taruH surabhayati mukhaM kuThArasya / / 110 / / In Astaka comm. also two relevant verses occur -- apakAra pare'pi pare, kurvantyupakArameva hi mahAntaH / surabhiM karoti vAsI, malayajamaNi takSyamANamapi / / yo mAmapakarotyeSa, ttvenopkrotysau| zirAmokSAdhupAyena kurvANa iva nIrupam / / . The avove discussion shows that Acarya Haribhadra has beautifully and successfully exploited his knowledge of Jaina as well as other traditions to prove his point or refute that of others.

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zramaNa jaina-jagat madrAsa meM 'Pearls of Jaina Wisdom' kA bhavya lokArpaNa samAroha madrAsa, 5 navambara, 97 bhagavAn mahAvIra phAunDezana ke mainejiMga TrasTI zrI sugAla caMda jaina ne di0 5 navambara ko prAta: sAr3he nau baje madrAsa meM Ayojita eka vihA FOUN, TION For Y ou saMkSipta kintu bhavya samAroha meM zrI dulIcanda jaina dvArA likhita aura pArzvanAtha vidyApITha dvArA prakAzita Pearls of Jaina Wisdom nAmaka pustaka kA vimocana kiyaa| muni zrI jasarAja jI mahArAja ke sAnnidhya meM sampanna hue isa samAroha meM zrI kRSNacandra jI caurar3iyA, zrI kailAzamala jI dUgar3a, zrI esa0 zrIpAla, zrI surendra ema0 mehatA, zrI jI0 ela0 surAnA Adi gaNamAnya zrAvaka upasthita the| iTalI ke pradhAnamaMtrI dvArA zrI hajArImala jI bAMThiyA kA sammAna ma naI dillI, 6 janavarI : suprasiddha samAjasevI, sAhityarasika aura paMcAlazodha saMsthAna, kAnapura ke saMsthApaka va kAryavAhaka adhyakSa zrI hajArImala jI bAMThiyA kA di0 6 janavarI 1998 ko rASTrapati bhavana, naI dillI meM iTalI ke pradhAnamaMtrI mAnanIya pro0 romano prodo dvArA sammAna kiyA gyaa| jJAtavya hai ki bhagavAn vimalanAtha kI janmabhUmi

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120 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 tathA paMcAla janapada kI rAjadhAnI kAmpilya ke mahAbhAratakAlIna khaMDaharoM-TIloM Adi kI ora iTalI ke purAtattvavidoM kA dhyAna AkarSita kara vahA~ sarvekSaNa Adi kAryoM meM unheM sakriya sahayoga pradAna karane ke upalakSya meM zrI bAMThiyA jI ko yaha sammAna prApta huA hai| kAmpilya meM vistRta utkhanana kArya ke liye kAmpilya projekTa nAmaka eka pariyojanA taiyAra kI gayI hai jisapara lagabhaga 6 karor3a rupaye vyaya hogeM aura isakA AdhA bhAga bhArata sarakAra tathA AdhA bhAga iTalI kI sarakAra dvArA vahana kiyA jaayegaa| isa avasara bhArata aura iTalI ke pramukha purAtattvavidoM ne bhI apane vicAra vyakta kiye aura kahA ki yadi yaha pariyojanA saphala ho jAtI hai to har3appA aura mohanajodar3o kI bhAMti kAmpilya kA bhI nAma vizva meM prasiddha ho jaayegaa| DaoN0 jagadIza candra jaina para DAka TikaTa jArI puNe, 28 janavarI : vikhyAt prAcya vidyA saMzodhaka DaoN0 jagadIza candra jaina para bhArata sarakAra ke DAka vibhAga ne eka DAka TikaTa jArI kiyaa| isakA vimocana pUrva kendrIya maMtrI aura yojanA Ayoga ke pUrva upAdhyakSa zrI mohana dhAriyA ne bhaMDArakara prAcya vidyA saMzodhana saMsthAna, puNe meM Ayojita eka samAroha meM kiyaa| bhAratIya DAka vibhAga ne isase pUrva lAlA lAjapata rAya, DaoN0 vikrama sArAbhAI, karmavIra bhAUrAva pATila aura muni zrI mizrImalajI mahArAja para bhI pUrva meM DAka TikaTa prakAzita kiye haiN| AcArya zrI devendramuni zAstrI ke sAnnidhya meM udayapura meM bhavya dIkSA samAroha sampanna udayapura, 9 pharavarI : AcArya samrATa zrI devendramuni zAstrI ke pAvana sAnnidhya meM paMjAba nivAsI do bAla mumukSuoM- vikAsa jaina aura aruNa jaina kI eka bhavya samAroha meM ArhatI dIkSA sampanna huii| isa suavasara para sthAnakavAsI jaina samAja ke gaNyamAnya vyakti tathA bar3I saMkhyA meM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kI upasthiti ullekhanIya rhii| 'svarAjya aura jaina mahilAyeM 'nAmaka pustaka kA vimocana DaoN0 zrImatI jyoti jaina dvArA likhita "svarAjya aura jainamahilAyeM' nAmaka pustaka kA pichale dinoM mujaphpharanagara ke samIpavartI jaina atizaya tIrthakSetra vahalanA para Ayojita eka bhavya samAroha meM uttara pradeza zAsana ke svAsthya rAjya maMtrI DaoN0 aravinda jaina ne lokArpaNa kiyaa| zrImatI jaina, jaina vidyA ke udIyamAna nakSatra, prasiddha vidvAn DaoN0 kapUracanda jaina kI dharmapatnI haiN| pati-patnI donoM hI apane anyAnya zaikSaNika

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121 jaina jagat gatividhiyoM ke bIca bhI nirbAdha rUpa se 'svataMtratA saMgrAma meM jainoM kA yogadAna' viSaya para pichale 10 varSoM se gambhIra zodha kara rahe haiN| unakA yaha prayAsa anukaraNIya hai| zrImatI manoramA jaina ko pI-eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi zrImatI manoramA jaina ko unake zodha prabandha "satrahavIM zatAbdI ke mahAkavi rAjamalla viracita paMcAdhyAyI- eka adhyayana' para kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya dvArA pI-eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi pradAna kI gyii| zrImatI jaina ne apanA yaha zodha prabandha prAcya vidyA saMkAya, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke variSTha pravaktA DaoN0 kamaleza kumAra jaina ke nirdezana meM pUrNa kiyaa| isase pUrva zrImatI jaina ne sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya se prathama zreNI meM prathama sthAna prApta kara svarNapadaka ke sAtha jaina darzanAcArya kI upAdhi prApta kI thii| zrImatI manoramA jaina pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke pUrva zodha chAtra aura vartamAna meM kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke saMskRta vibhAga ke prophesara sudarzana lAla jaina kI dharmapatnI haiN| zrImatI jaina ko isa saphalatA para pArzvanAtha vidyApITha parivAra kI ora se hArdika bdhaaii| patramitroM kI sUcI niHzulka prApta kareM vizva bhara ke zAkAhArI jaina patra mitroM kI sUcI jabAbI liphAphA yA do rupaye ke DAka TikaTa nimna pate para bhejakara niHzulka prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaina phreNDsa, 201, mumbaI-puNe mArga, ciMcavaNa pUrva, puNe 411019 nyAyAcArya DaoN0 darabArI lAla koThiyA zrI gommaTezvara vidyApITha puraskAra se sammAnita vizvavikhyAta jainatIrtha zravaNabelagolA meM sthApita zrI gommaTezvara vidyApITha kI ora se prAcIna jaina vAGmaya aura jaina vidyAoM ke sarvazreSTha manISI ko prati varSa samarpita kiyA jAne vAlA zrIgommaTezvara vidyApITha puraskAra isa varSa DaoN0 darabArI lAla koThiyA ko 19 apraila 1998 ko bInA-madhyapradeza meM Ayojita eka samAroha meM pradAna kiyA gyaa| isa avasara para di0 20 apraila ko eka akhila bhAratIya vidvat saMgoSThI kA bhI Ayojana kiyA gayA, jisameM deza ke pramukha digambara vidvAnoM ne bhAga liyaa|

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122 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 mahAvIra puraskAra 1998 evaM pUraNacanda riddhilatA luhAr3iyA sAhitya puraskAra- 1998 ke liye racanAyeM AmaMtrita digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mahAvIra jI dvArA saMcAlita jaina vidyA saMsthAna, zrImahAvIra jI ke varSa 1998 ke mahAvIra puraskAra ke liye jaina dharma, darzana, itihAsa, sAhitya, saMskRti Adi se sambandhita kisI bhI viSaya kI pustaka yA zodha-prabandha kI cAra-cAra pratiyAM dinAMka 30 sitambara 1998 taka AmaMtrita kI jA rahI haiN| prathama sthAna prApta kRti ko 11001 rupaye nakada evaM prazasti patra tathA dvitIya sthAna prApta kRti ko bra0 pUraNacanda riddhilatA luhAr3iyA sAhitya puraskAra ru0 5001 evaM prazasti patra pradAna kiyA jaayegaa| 31 disambara 1994 ke bAda prakAzita pustakeM hI isameM sammilita kI jaayeNgii| aprakAzita kRtiyoM kI TaMkita yA phoTosTeTa kI haI tIna pratiyAM jo jilda baMdhI hoM, bhejanI Avazyaka hai| niyamAvalI tathA Avedana kA prArUpa prApta karane ke liye nimna pate para patra vyavahAra kareM jaina vidyA saMsthAna kAryAlaya, digambara jaina nasiyAM bhaTTAraka jI, savAI rAma siMha roDa, jayapura- 4 varSa 1997 kA mahAvIra puraskAra DaoN0 ramezacanda jaina, bijanaura ko unakI kRti 'digambaratva kI khoja' tathA bra0 pUraNacanda riddhilatA luhAr3iyA puraskAra DaoN0 bhAgacanda jaina 'bhAskara' ko unakI kRti 'mAnavadharma aura paryAvaraNa' para pradAna kiyA gyaa| svayaMbhU puraskAra 1998 ke liye kRtiyAM AmaMtrita digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIra jI dvArA saMcAlita apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI, jayapura ke varSa 1998 ke 'svayaMbhU puraskAra' ke lie apabhraMza sAhitya se sambandhita viSaya para hindI athavA aMgrejI meM racita racanAoM kI cAra pratiyA~ 30 sitambara 1998 taka Amantrita haiN| isa puraskAra meM 11001/- rupaye evaM prazasti patra pradAna kiyA jaayegaa| 31 disambara 1993 se pUrva kI prakAzita tathA pahale se puraskRta kRtiyA~ sammilita nahIM kI jaayeNgii| aprakAzita kRtiyA~ bhI prastuta kI jA sakatI haiM, unakI tIna pratiyA~ spaSTa TaMkaNa/phoTosTeTa kI huI tathA jilda baMdhI honI caahie| pustakeM saMsthAna kI sampatti raheMgI aura ve lauTAI nahIM jaayeNgii| niyamAvalI tathA Avedana patra kA prArUpa prApta karane ke lie akAdamI kAryAlaya digambara jaina nasiyA~ bhaTTArakajI, savAI rAmasiMha roDa, jayapura- 4 se patra vyavahAra kreN| varSa- 1997 ke svayaMbhU puraskAra ke lie koI kRti prApta nahIM huii|

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zramaNa pustaka-samIkSA jenA haiye zrInavakAra tene karaze zuM saMsAra, saMpAdaka- aMcalagacchIya gaNi mahodayasAgara prakAzaka-zrI kastUra prakAzana TrasTa, 102, lakSmI apArTameNTa, DaoN0 enI beseNTa roDa, varalI, muMbaI-18, AkAra-krAuna aThapejI, hArDa bAuNDa, pR0 - 221+18, mUlya-90 rupye| sabhI dharmoM ke dharmAvalambI apane ArAdhya kI stuti karane ke lie kisI na kisI prArthanA yA mantra ko pramukhatA dete haiN| isI krama meM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ne 'NamokAra mantra ko mahattvapUrNa mAnA hai| ukta mantra ko AdhAra banAkara pUrva meM aneka pustakoM kA prakAzana kiyA jA cukA hai kintu prastuta 'jenA haiye zrInavakAra tene karaze zaM saMsAra' nAmaka pustaka una (pUrva prakAzita) pustakoM kA apavAda hogI, kyoMki isameM gujarAtI bhASA meM NamokAramantra para sabhI dRSTikoNoM se gaharAI se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| AzA hai isase jaina dharmAnurAgiyoM evaM zodhArthiyoM ko samucita lAbha prApta hogaa| pustaka kI sAja-sajjA AkarSaka evaM AvaraNaM sundara hai| ukta kAraNoM se pustaka saMgrahaNIya hai| DaoN0 jayakRSNa tripAThI zramaNa saMskRti- saMpAdaka- ummeda mala gA~dhI, prakAzaka- zrI a0bhA0sA0 jaina zrAvaka saMgha, 58, bhAmAzAha mArkeTa, udayapura-1, varSa1, pravezAMka akTU0 96, pR0-62, AkAra-DimAI, pepara baika, zulka (1 prati) 5 ru0| jisa prakAra eka choTA sA pIpala yA baragada kA bIja apane anukUla miTTI, khAda, pAnI aura dhUpa kI sahAyatA pAkara eka bar3e vRkSa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai usI prakAra mAnava bhI samyagjJAna, darzana aura cAritra ke bala para mokSa ko prApta kara sakatA hai| isake liye mokSa ke anukUla udbodhana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai jo zramaNa saMskRti meM pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hai| __ ukta (zramaNa saMskRti) patrikA kA zubhArambha abhI kucha samaya pUrva hI huA hai kintu isake viSaya vastu aura viSaya-cayana se yaha jJAta nahIM ho pA rahA hai ki isakA

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124 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 zubhArambha hAla hI meM huA hai| hama isake ujjvala bhaviSya kI kAmanA karate haiM sAtha hI ise bahujana hitAya aura bahujana sukhAya banAne kA Agraha bhI karate haiN| patrikA kA mudraNa kArya nirdoSa evaM AvaraNa AkarSaka hai| DaoN0 jayakRSNa tripAThI pUrNakAma - tRpta dazA-samyaka tapa- saMkalanakartA- DaoN0 surezacaMdra sobhAgacaMda jhaverI, prakAzaka- zrI navadarzana pablika ceriTebala TrasTa, pArzvanagara kaoNmpleksa, jaina pAThazAlA, sagarAmapurA- sUrata- 2, prathama saMskaraNa saMvat 2053, pR0- 52, AkAra-DimAI, pepara baik| jIvo anAdimalino mohAndho'yaM ca hetunA yen| zudhyati tattasya hitaM tacca tapastacca vijJAnam / / "arthAt AtmA jina-jina kAraNoM se zuddha hotI hai usI meM usakA hita hai| usI kA nAma tapa hai aura usI kA nAma vijJAna hai|" isa prakAra jIvadayA ke premI suzrAvaka DaoN0 surezacaMdra jhaverI ne prastuta pustaka meM jIvanopayogI tathyoM ko ekatrita kara ise mahattvapUrNa banAyA hai| pustaka paThanIya evaM saMgrahaNIya hai| pustaka kI sAja-sajjA AkarSaka evaM mudraNa kArya nirdoSa hai| DaoN0 jayakRSNa tripAThI vidyAdhara se vidyAsAgara, lekhaka- kaviratna sureza sarala (jabalapura), prakAzaka- vIra vidyA saMgha gujarAta, bI/2 saMbhavanAtha epArTamenTa, baravariyA kAlonI, usmAnapurA, ahamadAbAda-13, dvitIya saMskaraNa pR0- saMkhyA 136+5=141, mUlya12 (bAraha) ruupye| prastuta pustaka gurudeva AcArya vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja ke jIvana se sambandhita sAmagriyoM kA saMkalana hai| prastuta racanA vidyAdhara kI kahAnI se prArambha hokara vidyAsAgara kI kahAnI taka jAtI hai| vidyAsAgara jo sacamuca vidyA ke sAgara haiM, ke jIvanavRtta ko eka sUtra meM bAMdhanA eka kaThina kArya hai, kyoMki sAgara ko yadi koI cAhe ki maiM maTThI meM bA~dha lU~ to yaha zAyada usakA divAsvapna hogaa| lekina usa divAsvapna ko kucha hada taka sAkAra karane kA prayatna kavivara zrI sureza jI ne kiyA hai, jo sarAhanIya hai| pustaka par3hane para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pratyeka ghaTanA hamAre sAmane calacitra kI bhAMti spaSTa ho rahI hai aura hama usakA sAkSAt anubhava kara rahe haiN| isa racanA meM AcArya zrI ke prArambhika jIvana arthAt garbhAvasthA se lekara muni dIkSA taka ke jIvana

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125 jaina jagat para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| pustaka kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isake anta meM AcArya zrI kI jIvana-patrI (janma kuNDalI) kA bhI samAveza kiyA gayA hai, jo jyotiSa kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| isa anupama kRti ke lie lekhaka badhAI ke pAtra haiN| pustaka kI chapAI evaM sAja-sajjA nirdoSa hai| kevala pustakAlayoM ke lie hI nahIM apitu pratyeka jaina parivAra meM yaha pustaka paThanIya evaM saMgrahaNIya hai| DaoN0 sudhA jaina vizva-prasiddha jainatIrthaH zraddhA evaM kalA, lekhaka- mahopAdhyAya lalita prabha sAgara, prakAzaka- zrI jitayazA phAuMDezana, 9 sI., esplAneDa ro IsTa, kalakattA700069, pR0-144, mUlya-200 rupye| mahopAdhyAya zrI lalita prabhasAgarajI dvArA racita vizva-prasiddha jaina tIrthaH zraddhA evaM kalA meM rAjasthAna, gujarAta, bihAra, uttara pradeza tathA karnATaka meM pAe jAnevAle jaina tIrtha sthaloM ke manamohaka citra evaM unakA surucipUrNa varNana hai| pustaka ke avalokana se dharma evaM kalA donoM ke prati utsAha meM vRddhi hotI hai| dharma meM AsthA rakhane vAloM ko tIrthasthAnoM para gae binA bhI bahuta hada taka puNya lAbha ho sakatA hai yadi ve pustaka meM citrita dharmAtmAoM ke prati apane mana ko kendrita kreN| koI kalA premI kalA kI U~cAI kA bodha kara sakatA hai yadi usameM kalA grahaNyatA hai| isI lie pustaka ko zraddhA aura kalA ke nAma se bhI sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| lekhaka kI vibhinna racanAoM meM yaha eka bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa kRti hai jisake lie ve badhAI ke pAtra haiN| pustaka kI chapAI Adi AkarSaka hai| isa taraha yaha racanA jaina dharma evaM kalA ko eka naI dena hai| DaoN0 baziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA dravya saMgraha, hindI padyAnuvAdaka- AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja, prakAzaka- zrImatI samatAbahena khaMdhAra ceriTebala TrasTa, 2, AziyAnA sTarliMga pArka, DrAiva-ina sinemA ke pAsa, ahamadAbAda- 380052, pR0-76, mUlya- svaadhyaay| ___ AcArya zrI nemicandra viracita 'dravya saMgraha' eka prasiddha grantha hai| AkAra meM yadyapi yaha bahuta choTA hai parantu viSaya kI dRSTi se atyadhika mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM 6 dravyoM, 5 astikAyoM, 9 tattvoM, 5 padArthoM, ratnatraya, paMcaparameSThI ke svarUpa, dhyAna ke lakSaNa tathA upAya Adi ke varNana haiN| kinta jIva kA vivecana apane Apa meM anokhA hai| isa mahattvapUrNa grantha ko jyAdA se jyAdA logoM taka pahuMcAyA jAe to vaha lokahita ke sAtha-sAtha jaina cintana ke pracAra-prasAra ke lie bhI zreyaSkara hogaa| sambhavataH isI dRSTi se AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja ne isakA hindI padyAnuvAda kiyA hai aura zrI parimala kizora bhAI khaMdhAra ne isake vividha rUpAntaraNoM ko saMkalita kiyA hai| AcArya

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126 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 zrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja jainAcAryoM meM mUrdhanya haiN| ve dharma aura darzana ke marmajJa hI nahIM balki prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, marAThI, hindI, aMgrejI, baMgalA, kannar3a Adi bhASAoM ke bhI acche jAnakAra haiN| unhoMne gAthA 2 kA hindI anuvAda isa rUpa meM kiyA hai suno! jIva upayoga-mayI hai, tathA amUrtika kahalAtA, sva-tana-barAbara pramANavAlA, kartA-bhoktA hai bhaataa| Urdhva-gamana kA svabhAva vAlA, siddha tathA avikArI, svabhAva ke vaza, vibhAva ke daza, kasA karma se saMsArI / / 2 / / ise par3hakara koI bhI vyakti AsAnI se jaina darzanAnusAra jIva kI avadhAraNA ko acchI taraha samajha sakatA hai| anya bhASA-bhASiyoM ke lie bhI isa saMkalana meM dhyAna diyA gayA hai| ata: yaha racanA aneka dRSTiyoM se upayogI hai| isakI bAharI rUparekhA AkarSaka hai tathA chapAI spaSTa hai| isake lie AcArya zrI ke prati zraddhA bhAva tathA saMkalana kartA aura prakAzaka ko badhAI hai| AzA hai, isa mahattvapUrNa racanA kA svAgata vidvAnoM aura sAmAnya vyaktiyoM ke dvArA hogaa| DaoN0 baziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA prabhutA kA mArga, lekhaka- mahopAdhyAya lalita prabha sAgara sampAdana- zrImatI latA bhaMDArI, prakAzaka- zrI jitayazA phAuMDezana, sI, esplAneDa ro IsTa, kalakattA69, pR0- 110. manuSya aura pazu donoM jIva haiM, parantu inameM mahAna aMtara hai| pazu ke samakSa AhAra-grahaNa karanA aura apane jIvana kI rakSA karanA yahI ekamAtra lakSya hai| lekina manuSya svayaM ke jIvana kI rakSA karane ke sAtha-sAtha dUsaroM kI bhI rakSA karatA hai| yahI mAnavatA hai aura manuSya kI prabhutA bhii| isa prabhutA ko prApta karane ke lie manuSya ko anekavidha samasyAoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| ina para kaise vijaya prApta kiyA jAe tAki vyakti apanI divyatA ko pahacAna sake, inhIM binduoM para lekhaka ne apanI isa kRti meM vicAra kiyA hai| prAcIna sandarbho ko Adhunika pariprekSya meM prastuta karake lekhaka ne pAThakoM ke samakSa prabhutA ke mArga ko spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai jo sarAhanIya hai| jijJAsu jana isa pustaka se lAbhAnvita hoNge| mudraNa sundara evaM spaSTa hai| DaoN0 rajjana kumAra sAkSI kI A~kha lekhaka- muni zrI candraprabha sAgara saMpAdana- sazrI vijayalakSmI jaina, prakAzaka-zrI jitayazA phAuMDezana, sI, esplAneDa ro IsTa, kalakattA- 69; pR085; mUlya- 12 rupyaa|

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jaina jagat 127 Agraha aura anAgraha ke bIca manuSya jhUlatA rahatA hai| vaicArika paripakvatA ke abhAva meM vaha eka mata para dRr3ha nahIM raha pAtA hai| dvandva ke parikSetra meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai| vaha prAya: aise cintakoM ke sAnnidhya pAne ko lAlAyita rahatA hai jo unake dvaMdvoM ko samApta kara ske| yadyapi yaha pUrNata: saMbhava nahIM hai, phira bhI kucha loga isa dizA meM prayatna karate haiN| prastuta pustaka ke lekhaka mahopAdhyAya candraprabha sAgara eka prabhAvazAlI ciMtaka haiN| unhoMne mAnava-mana kI caMcalatA evaM usake manovijJAna kA sUkSma avalokana kiyA hai| pustaka kA mudraNa nirdoSa aura sAjasajjA AkarSaka hai| ___ DaoN0 rajjana kumAra paM0 AzAdharaH vyaktittva evaM kartRtva lekhaka- paM0 nemacanda DoNagAMvakara prakAzaka- akhila bhAratIya digambara jaina bagheravAla saMgha, rAmapurA, Arya samAja roDa, koTA- 6, prathama saMskaraNa- 1995 AkAra DimAI, hArDa bAuNDa, pR0- 280 mUlyapustakAlaya saMskaraNa- 50 rupaye, sAdhAraNa saMskaraNa- 25 rupye| paM0 nemacanda jI DoNagA~vakara dvArA likhita 'paM0 AzAdhara vyaktitva aura kartRtva' nAma pustaka eka aise bahumukhI pratibhA ke dhanI vidvAn ke viSaya meM likhA gayA hai jo aneka granthoM ke racayitA haiN| paM0 AzAdhara jI dvArA likhita anagAra tathA sAgAra dharmAmRta kI prazasti dvArA yaha jJAta hotA hai ki unake pitA kA nAma 'sallakSaNa' tathA kula kA nAma vyAgheravAla thaa| yadyapi ye gRhastha the tathApi vItarAgI the| unhoMne apane pANDitya ke prabhAva se aneka rAjAoM ko bhI prabhAvita kiyaa| inake samAna dharma pracAra karane vAlA tathA sAhitya kA nimArNa karane vAlA biralA hI hotA hai| aise bahuzruta vidvAn ke viSaya meM jisa niSThA aura lagana ke sAtha lekhaka ne (ukta pustaka meM) prakAza DAlane kA kAma kiyA hai, vaha sarAhanIya hai| pustaka kI sAja-sajjA AkarSaka evaM mudraNa-kArya nirdoSa hai| pustaka eka uccakoTi ke vidvAn ke vyaktitva evaM kRtitva para AdhArita hone se sarvajanopayogI hone ke sAtha-sAtha saMgrahaNIya bhI hai| DaoN0 jayakRSNa tripAThI zrI samAdhi zataka vidhAna, racayitA- A0 devanandi anuvAdaka- rAjamala pavaiyA saMpAdaka-DaoN0 devendra kumAra jI zAstrI, prakAzaka- bharata pavaiyA, tArAdevI pavaiyA granthamAlA, 44 ibrAhimapurA, bhopAla- 462001, prathamAvRtti navambara 1995, AkAra-DimAI, pepara baika, pR0- 111, mUlya 10 rupye| chaThI zatAbdI ke suprasiddha AcArya, aneka granthoM ke TIkAkAra, jainAgama ke

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128 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 mUrdhanya vidvAn AcArya pUjyapAda devanandi kA nAma jaina vAGmaya meM cirasthAyI hai| vibhinna zAstroM kA gahana adhyayana hone ke sAtha hI sAtha unheM uccakoTi kA AdhyAtmika jJAna bhI thaa| sambhavata: yahI kAraNa rahA ho ki unhoMne apanI lekhanI dvArA saMskRta meM prathama bAra 'samAdhi taMtra' yA 'samAdhi zataka' jaisI zreSTha AdhyAtmika racanA bhI rcii| adhyAtmarasa meM nimagna AcArya pUjyapAda kahate haiM dehe svabuddhirAtmAnaM yunaktyetena nishcyaat| svAtmanyevAtmadhIstasmAd viyojayati dehinm|| arthAt, isa deha meM va anya para vastu meM aura bhAvoM meM AtmA kI buddhi rakhanevAlA bahirAtmA apanI AtmA ko isa zarIra se yA pudgala karmarUpa se bandhana meM DAla detA hai kintu apanI AtmA ke sacce svarUpa meM Atmabuddhi rakhanevAlA AtmajJAnI apanI AtmA ko nizcaya hI deha se yA pudgala karmabandha se chur3A letA hai| AcArya kI vizeSatA yahI thI ki unhoMne apane lekhana evaM udbodhana dvArA sadaiva hI samAja ko mokSamArga meM agrasara hone kA upadeza diyaa| Aja bhI unake upadezoM kA aura unakI dinacaryA kA jo bhI sAdhaka smaraNa aura anukaraNa karegA, vaha mAnava isa bhava se sahaja hI mukti prApta kregaa| pustaka kA mudraNa kArya nirdoSa evaM bAhyAvaraNa AkarSaka hai| pustaka upadezoM se pUrNa hone ke kAraNa saMgrahaNIya hai| DaoN0 jayakRSNa tripAThI tattvArthAdhigamasatram (svopajJabhASyasametama), granthakAra- umAsvAti sampAdaka prazamitarativijaya prakAzaka- ratnatrayI ArAdhaka saMgha navasArikA, ramaNalAlachaganalAla ArAdhanA bhavana, zAntidevI roDa, navasArI, pRSTha saMkhyA- 199, mUlya 80 rupye| jaina darzana meM 'tattvArthAdhigamasUtra' kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai, isake racayitA AcArya umAsvAti haiN| prastuta grantha kI bhUmikA meM umAsvAti ke janmAdi kI tithiyAM sampAdaka ke anusAra isa prakAra haiM- bhagavato janma zrI vIra nirvANAda 714 tame'bde (187 IsvI), dIkSA 733 tame'bde (207 iisvii)| sUripadavI 758 tame'bde (231 IsvI), nirvANaJca 798 tame'bde (271 iisvii)| umAsvAti sabhI jaina sampradAyoM meM mAnya evaM AdarAspada rahe haiN| digambara paramparA unheM umAsvAti tathA umAsvAmI donoM nAmoM se jAnatI hai jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM ve kevala umAsvAti nAma se hI prasiddha haiN| tattvArthasUtra ke mahattva kA pratipAdana karate hue svayaM umAsvAti kA kahanA hai yastattvAdhigamAkhyaM jJAsyati ca kariSyate ca ttroktm|

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jaina jagat 129 so'vyAbAdhasukhAkhyaM prApsyatyAcireNa prmaarthm|| pratipAdya viSaya ke mahattva ke atirikta 'tattvArthAdhigamasUtra' kA eka yaha bhI mahattva hai ki jaina vidyA kA yaha prathama grantha hai jisakI saMskRta meM racanA huI hai| umAsvAti kI isa sUtrazailI ke anusAra paravartI aneka jainAcAryoM ne saMskRta meM vyAkaraNa,alaMkAra zAstra Adi ke granthoM kI racanA kii| ___ yaha grantha kaNAda ke vaizaiSika sUtroM kI taraha daza adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| samagra sUtroM kI saMkhyA 344 hai| jaina paramparA zraddhA pradhAna hai ata: umAsvAti ne yukti-prayukti na dete hue aura pUrvapakSa kA upasthApana na karate hue siddhAnta ko pratipAdita kiyA hai| dazAdhyAyI isa grantha ke pahale adhyAya meM 'jJAna' kI mImAMsA kI gaI hai| dUsare se pA~caveM taka 'jJeya' kI tathA chaThe se dasaveM taka 'cAritra' kI vivecanA kI gaI hai| sUtra ke atirikta umAsvAti kA hI svopajJa bhASya bhI hai| isa grantha kA prAdhAnyena pratipAdya mokSamArga hai, kyoMki granthakAra kA yaha suspaSTa mata hai ki isa saMsAra meM mokSa mArga ke binA koI upadeza saMbhava nahIM hai narte ca mokSamArgaditopadezo'sti jagati kRtsne'smin| tasmAtparamimameveti mokSamArga prvkssyaami|| sampAdaka kA kahanA hai ki yadyapi isa grantha ke aneka saMskaraNa upalabdha haiM tathApi kevala bhASyasahita sUtrapATha vAle saMskaraNa na hone se isa saMskaraNa kI upAdeyatA hai| isa grantha ke prArambha meM 31 kArikAe~ haiM jo ki granthakAra ne bhUmikArUpa se prastuta kI haiN| tadanantara bhASyasahita cAra pariziSTa diye gae haiN| prathama pariziSTa meM kevala sUtrapATha hai, dvitIya pariziSTa meM akArAdikrama se sUtroM kI anukramaNikA dI gaI hai| tRtIya pariziSTa meM digambara tathA zvetAmbara AmnAyoM meM svIkRta pAThoM kI tulanA hai| caturtha pariziSTa meM akArAdikrama se viziSTa zabdoM kI sUcI dI gaI hai| grantha ke prArambha meM sampAdaka kI sulalita saMskRta meM 14 pRSThoM kI sundara bhUmikA dI gaI hai, jo ki sampAdaka kI maulika pratibhA kI paricAyaka hai| grantha kA mudraNa bhI sarvathA hRdya aura niravadya hai| pro0 sureza candra pANDe Pearls of Jaina Wisdom (jinavANI kA amRta) lekhaka- dulIcanda jaina, prakAzaka, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha evaM jainolAjikala risarca phAunDezana, cennaI, mUlya120 rupye|

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130 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 zrI dulIcanda jaina dvArA 1993 meM prakAzita lokapriya grantha "jinavANI ke motI' kA aMgrejI rUpAntara hai| isameM sampUrNa Agama ganthoM kA AloDana karake preraNAdAyaka sUktiyoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| yaha kRti nizcaya hI saMkalayitA ke vyApaka adhyayana kI niSpatti hai| yaha grantha jahAM eka ora eka sAmAnya adhyayanakartA ke lie upayogI hai vahIM viziSTa vidvAnoM ke lie bhI lAbhadAyaka hai| vartamAna teja bhAgatI haI jiMdagI meM jaba hama vyaktigata aura sAmAjika vighaTana ke mor3a para khar3e haiM, aisI pustaka hamAre jIvana kI jaTilatAoM ko sulajhAkara hameM ekIkRta karane meM madada de sakatI hai| bhautikatA kI aMdhI daur3a meM bhAgate hue hama loga Aja jIvana ke sacce AnaMda kI vAstavika dizA ko bhUla gae haiN| Aja hameM apane sAmAjika jIvana ke prati avizvAsa hai, hamArA apanA pArivArika jIvana aba hameM kalyANa aura surakSA kA patha dikhAne meM asamartha hai, apane Arthika jIvana kI jaTilatAoM se hama vibhramita ho cuke haiM, cikitsA takanIkI ke uccatama vikAsa ke bAvajUda hama tana aura mana se svastha nahIM haiM, jiMdagI kI nitya naI parezAniyAM aura pecIdagiyAM samaya samaya para prakaTa hokara hameM trasta kara rahI haiN| badalate hue pariveza kA mukAbalA karane kA sabase prabhAvazAlI upAya hai ki hama vyaktigata stara para badalAva laaveN| eka bAra hamAre apane dRSTikoNa meM badalAva A gayA, to phira hama bAkI sabhI kSetroM meM parivartana sugamatA se kara sakate haiN| isake lie hamAre deza ke maharSiyoM ne hameM jIvana jIne kA eka aisA mArga batAyA thA jo naitika mUlyoM se prerita sarvajana kalyANakArI thaa| jaina dharma kA yaha vizvAsa hai ki pratyeka AtmA paramAtmA bana sakatI hai| hara vyakti ke bhItara apanI divyatAoM ko prakaTa karane kI adbhuta kSamatA hai| ina jIvana mUlyoM kI ciraMtanatA ne hI saMkalanakartA ko jJAna kI usa anaMta rAzi ko vartamAna samaya ke lie ujAgara karane kI preraNA dii| unakA vizvAsa hai ki ye sUtra vartamAna jIvana kI samasyAoM kA sahI samAdhAna prastuta kara sakate haiN| isa grantha meM do khaMDa haiN| prathama khaMDa meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke jIvana aura saMdeza para saMkSipta prakAza DAla kara lekhaka ne jaina Agama sAhitya kA paricaya diyA hai aura isa prakAra dvitIya khaMDa kI pRSThabhUmi taiyAra kI hai, jo bhagavAn mahAvIra kI zreSTha saktiyoM kA saMkalana hai| dvitIya khaMDa ko bAraha adhyAyoM meM nibaddha kara 650 sUktiyoM ko 71 viSayoM meM vargIkRta kiyA hai| ye adhyAya haiM :- maMgala, AtmA, jJAna aura kriyA, tattva, kaSAya, mana, karma, bhAvanA, dharma, dhyAna, zikSA aadi| ye sabhI sUktiyAM zikSAprada, preraka evaM mananIya haiN| isa prakAra vyaktigata, pArivArika, sAmAjika evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsayAtrA ke lie yaha saMkalana upayogI hai|

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jaina jagat 131 anuvAda kI bhASA sahaja va prabhAvotpAdaka hai jisase pAThaka eka bAra par3hakara hI viSaya ko grahaNa kara letA hai| yaha grantha anusaMdhAnakartAoM ke lie bhI upayogI siddha hogA kyoMki isameM pratyeka sUtra mUla prAkRta meM diyA huA hai| pratyeka sUtra kA romana lipi meM lipyantaraNa dene se pustaka kI upayogitA bar3ha gaI hai| pustaka ke aMta meM gAthAnukramaNikA, sandarbha granthoM kI sUcI, pAribhASika zabdAvalI va unake artha Adi diye hue haiN| bhakti vagara mukti nathI, pravaktA- muni muktiratnasAgara jI prakAzaka- zrI akSaya prakAzana, zrI ramaNIka lAla salota, 204, zrIpAla nagara, 12 hArkanesa roDa, bAlezvara, muMbaI-6, 1997, AkAra-DimAI, pepara baika, pR0- 168, mUlya- 40 rupye| ___ yaha sarvavidita hai ki bhakti hI mukti kA eka sarala aura sahaja upAya hai jo sabhI ke liye sulabha hai| jo mAnava kaThina tapa, sAdhanA Adi karane meM asamartha haiM una sabhI ke liye bhakti hI eka saralatama upAya hai jisake mAdhyama se ve mokSa ko anAyAsa hI prApta kara sakate haiN| sambhavata: isI tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara maharSi pataJjali ne 'yamaniyamAdi' aSTAMga ke atirikta 'IzvarapraNidhAnAdvA' nAmaka sUtra kI bhI racanA kI aura isI tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara muni zrI muktisAgara jI ma0sA0 ke 'ratnAkara paccIsI' para diye gaye pravacanoM ko 'bhakti vagara mukti nathI' nAmaka pustaka meM saMgRhIta kiyA gayA hai| apane vyAkhyAnoM ko AkarSaka banAne ke liye ma0sA0 ne vividha dRSTAntoM, padoM aura urdU zAyariyoM ko isameM samAhita kiyA hai| mumukSuoM ke liye pustaka upayogI hai| pustaka kA AvaraNa AkarSaka evaM mudraNa kArya nirdoSa hai| DaoN0 jayakRSNa tripAThI paJcazatI, lekhaka-AcArya vidyAsAgara, saMskRta TIkA evaM hindI rUpAntaraNaDaoN0 paM0 pannAlAla sAhityAcArya prakAzaka-jJAnagaMgA, 30, DipTIgaMja, sadarabAjAra, dillI-6, prathamAvRtti-pharavarI 1991, AkAra-DimAI, pepara baika, pR0- 351, mUlya- svaadhyaay| _ 'kAvyazAstravinodena kAlo gacchati dhImatAm' vAlI kahAvata ko caritArtha karane vAle vidvAn pUjyavara AcArya vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja kAvyazAtra yA Agama sAhityAdi kA adhyayana mAtra kAlayApana ke uddezya se nahIM karate balki ve usake tattva ko AtmasAt kara samAja ko bhI isI rAha para calane kI preraNA dene ke lie karate haiN| aise mahAn santa dvArA viracita 'paMJcazatI' jo zramaNazataka, niraMjanazataka, bhAvanAzataka, parISahajayazataka (jJAnodaya) aura sunItizataka kA saMgraha hai, eka aisA saMgrahakAvya hai jisase unake pANDitya kA sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai|

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132 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 zramaNazataka AcArya kundakunda ne svanirmita pravacanasAra ke cAritra nAmaka adhikAra meM- jo hara paristhiti meM samatva ko dhAraNa karatA hai vahI zramaNa hai- isa prakAra kI jo bAta kahI hai usI ko AdhAra banAkara AcArya vidyAsAgara jI ne ukta zataka kI racanA kI hai| isake mUla meM AryA evaM padyAnuvAda meM vasantatilakA chanda kA prayoga huA hai| niraMjanazataka vastuta: jo AtmA jJAtA-draSTA svabhAva vAlA hai kintu kaSAyoM ke saMyoga se kaluSita ho rahA hai aisI vizuddha AtmA para par3e kaSAyarUpI AvaraNoM ko ratnatraya kI sAdhanA se jina sAdhakoM ne dUra kara diyA hai aura jo apane jJAtA-draSTA svabhAva meM lIna ho cuke haiM aise siddha parameSThI niraMjana kahalAte haiN| prastuta zataka meM inhIM kI stuti kI gayI hai| isa zataka ke mUla meM drutavilambita aura hindI meM vasantatilakA chanda kA prayoga huA hai| bhAvanAzataka- isa zataka meM tIrthaMkara prakRti ke bandha karane meM kAraNabhUta darzanavizuddhi Adi solaha bhAvanAoM ke liye jina zabdoM kA prayoga prArambha se hotA A rahA thA una zabdoM ke sthAna para naye-naye zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai yathAdarzanavizuiddha, nirmaladRSTi, vinayasampannatA, vinayAvanati, zIlavrateSvanaticAra, suzIlatA aadi| prastuta zataka meM pratyeka bhAvanA ke pazcAt murajabandha likhA hai| sAmAnyata: murajabandha kaI prakAra kA hotA hai kintu yahA~ sAmAnya murajabandha kA prayoga hI kiyA gayA hai| mahAkavi ajitasena viracita alaMkAracintAmaNi meM murajabandha likhane kI vidhi isa prakAra batalAyI hai pUrvArdhamUrdhvaM paGkatau tu likhitvA'rddhaM paraM tvtH| ekAntaritamUrdhvAdho murajaM nigadet kviH||2/149|| arthAt Upara kI paMkti meM pUrvArdha padya ko likhakara nIce uttarArdha ko likheN| eka-eka akSara se vyavahita Upara aura nIce likhane se marajabandha kI racanA hotI hai| isa vRtta kA prayoga isa zataka ke 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40 Adi zlokoM meM huA hai| isa zataka meM murajabandha meM anuSTupa aura zeSa padyoM meM AryA chanda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| parISahajayazataka- jJAtavya hai ki kSudhAdi bAIsa parISahoM para vijaya prApta kiye binA muni pada kA nirbodha nirvAha nahIM hotA ataeva AcArya ne isa zataka ke mAdhyama

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jaina jagat 133 se ina para vijaya prApta karane kI preraNA dI hai| isake mUla meM drutavilambita tathA padyAnuvAda meM muktaka chanda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai sAtha hI pratyeka zloka ke anta meM antyAnuprAsa bhI rakhA hai| sunItizataka - 'yathA nAma tathA guNa' isa ukti ko caritArtha karate hue AcArya isa zataka ko bar3e hI sarala DhaMga se racA hai| yaha racanA subodha aura prasAda guNa yukta hai| lekhaka dvArA isake mUla meM upajAti tathA padyAnuvAda meM muktaka chanda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| paJcazatI kI TIkA evaM hindI rUpAntaraNa DaoN0 paM0 pannAlAla sAhityAcArya jI ne bar3e hI sundara DhaMga se kiyA hai| isa prakAra yaha 'paJcazatI' sAhityarasikoM, udIyamAna lekhakoM aura mumukSuoM ko apane abhISTa sthAna ko prApta karane meM eka setu kA kArya karegI, aisA merA vizvAsa hai| pustaka kA AvaraNa sundara evaM mudraNa kArya nirdoSa hai| pustaka saMgrahaNIya hai / DaoN0 jayakRSNa tripAThI bhadrabAhu - cANakya candragupta kathAnaka evaM kalkivarNana, racayitA - mahAkavi raidhU, sampAdaka evaM anuvAda- DaoN0 rAjArAma jaina, prakAzaka - zrI digambara jaina yuvaka saMgha, pRSTha saMkhyA- 112, mUlya 25 rupye| yaha apabhraMza bhASA meM racita eka laghu aitihAsika kRti hai / isake racayitA apabhraMza bhASA ke mahAkavi raidhU haiM, jinakA kAla lekhaka ke anusAra vi0 saM0 1440 se 1530 mAnA gayA hai| isameM antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu, candraguptamantrI cANakya, rAjA candragupta, nanda evaM maurya vaMza tathA pratyanta rAjA (parvataka ? ) ke viSaya meM saMkSipta varNana hai| sampAdaka kA kahanA hai ki isa racanA kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM zrutapaJcamI parvArambha, kalki avatAra, evaM SaTkAla varNana ke saMkSipta prakaraNa bhI upalabdha haiM jo anya bhadrabAhu, cANakya aura candragupta ke kathAnakoM meM dRSTigocara nahIM hote| digambara jaina paramparA ke anusAra rAjA candragupta (maurya) ne AcArya bhadrabAhu se jaina dIkSA lI thii| ve daza pUrvadhArI hokara vizAkhAcArya ke nAma se prasiddha hue / samagra grantha meM 28 kaDavaka (adhyAya) haiN| pratyeka ke Arambha meM sampAdaka ne kathAvastu kA hindI tathA aMgrejI meM zIrSaka diyA hai jisase pAThaka ko adhyAya ke viSayavastu kI saMkSepa meM jAnakArI ho jAtI hai| bAe~ pRSTha meM mUla grantha tathA dAhine pRSTha para isI aMza kA hindI anuvAda bhI diyA gayA hai / grantha ke anta meM cha: upayogI pariziSTa bhI diye gae haiN| prathama do pariziSTa kramazaH bhadrabAhu kathAnakam aura cANakya munikathAnakam

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134 zramaNa/janavarI-mArca/1998 hariSeNAcAryakRta bRhatkathAkoSa se uddhRta haiN| tRtIya pariziSTa meM bhadrabAhu- cANakyacandragupta kathA hai jo rAmacandramumukSukRta puNyAzrava kathAkoSa se lI gaI hai| 'cANakya kahANagaM' nAmaka caturtha pariziSTa meM uttarAdhyayana kI subodhA TIkA se uddhRta cANakya kA kathAnaka diyA gayA hai| paJcama pariziSTa meM akArAdikrama se zabdakoSa diyA hai aura antima pariziSTa meM mahattvapUrNa zabdoM para TippaNiyA~ dI gaI haiN| grantha meM sampAdaka kI tIsa pRSThoM kI prastAvanA meM grantha ke pratipAdya aura usakI katipaya aitihAsika samasyAoM para zodhadRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai jise par3hakara pAThaka jijJAsA nivRtti ke liye svayaM grantha ko par3hane meM ruci lene lagatA hai| grantha upayogI hai aura pahalI bAra prakAzita hone se isakI upayogitA aura bhI bar3ha gaI hai| pro0 sureza candra pANDe sAbhAra svIkAra 1. pagale pagale prakAza (gujarAtI) lekhaka- paM0 zrI ratnasundara vijaya jI masA0 prakAzaka- ratnatrayI TrasTa, zrI pravINa kumAra dozI, 258, gAMdhIgalI, svadezI mArkeTa, kAlabA devI roDa, mumbaI- 400002; pRSTha-104; mUlya 40 rupaye, prakAzana varSa- disambara 1996 I0. 2. pravacanagaMgA- lekhaka evaM prakAzaka, pUrvokta 3. karmastava, kartA, devendrasUri jI mahArAja, vivecaka- pU0sA0 harSaguNA zrI jI ma0sA0, prAptisthAna- zrI OMkArasUri ArAdhanA bhavana, subhASa cauka, gopIpurA, sUrata. pRSTha 16+223; mUlya 75/-rupaye, prakAzanavarSa- 1996 ii0| 4. upAdhyAya zrIpyAra caMda jI ma0 sA0 : vyaktittva evaM kRtittva; saMpA0, mani prakAzacandra jI mahArAja 'nirbhaya'; prakAzaka- upAdhyAya zrI pyAracaMda jI jaina siddhAntazAlA, nIma cauka, ratalAma (madhya pradeza); pRSTha- 20+214; mUlyaAtmautthAna; prakAzana varSa vi0saM0- 2052. 5. apabhraMza abhyAsa saurabha, lekhaka DaoN0 kamalacanda sogAnI; prakA0apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI, jaina vidyA saMsthAna, digambara jaina atizaya kSetra, zrImahAvIra jI, rAjasthAna; pRSTha- 12+276; mUlya-pustakAlaya saMskaraNa 85/- rupaye; chAtra saMskaraNa- 75/- rupaye; prakAzanavarSa- 1996 I0. (apabhraMza bhASA ke adhyayanArthiyoM ko isa pustaka se apabhraMza bhASA sIkhane meM paryApta sahAyatA milegI kyoMki DaoN0 sogAnI ne unhIM ko lakSya meM rakhakara isakI racanA kI hai|)

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