Jain Dharm aur Darshan

Author(s): Pramansagar
Publisher: Shiksha Bharti
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010222/1

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prastuta citra meM 'bhI' ke mAdhyama se vibhinna yoM kA samanvaya darzAyA gayA hai| citra ke nicale / meM hoThoM ke mAdhyama se nikalatI vibhinna dhvani goM ke dvArA syAvAda ko citrita kiyA gayA hai| kAMta jaina darzana kA hRdaya hai, syAdvAda usakI bhavyakti kI pddhti|

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jaina dharma aura darzana

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mUlya : do sau rupaye (200.00) saMskaraNa : 1996 ( munizrI pramANasAgara jI mahArAja ISBN 81-7483-007-3 JAIN DHARM ALR DARSHAX by Muni Shri Praman Sagarji Maharaj zikSA bhAratI, kazmIrI geTa, dillI-6

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jaina dharma aura darzana munizrI pramANasAgara jI mahArAna zikSA bhAratI

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pUrva prakAza manuSya ciMtanazIla prANI hai| usakI pravRtti khojI rahI hai| usane sadA se jIva aura jagata, cit aura acit, sattA aura paramasattA ke viSaya meM ciMtana kiyA hai| jo kucha bhI usake tarka buddhi aura aMtardRSTi se adhigata huA vahI darzana hai| darzana kA artha hai 'divydRsstti'| jIvana ke duHkhoM ko dUra karanA hI darzana kA mUla uddezya hai ratIya darzanoM ke anusAra kevala satya kI khoja aura unakA jJAna prApta karanA hI paryApta nahIM hai kiMtu use AtmasAt kara tadanurUpa jInA bhI Avazyaka hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhArata meM dharma aura darzana sahacara aura sahagAmI rahe haiN| darzana sattA kI mImAMsA karatA hai aura usake svarUpa ko tarka evaM vicAra se grahaNa karatA hai, jisase ki mokSa kI upalabdhi ho / dharma usa tattva ko prApta karane kA vyAvahArika upAya hai| darzana hameM Adarza lakSya ko batAtA hai, dharma usako prApta karane kA rAstA hai| darzana dvArA tattva pratipAdita hote haiM, dharma unakA kriyAnvayana karatA hai| heya ko chor3atA hai upAdeya ko grahaNa karatA hai / darzana aura dharma donoM eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiN| darzana kI aneka dhArAeM haiN| unakA vargIkaraNa bhautikavAda aura adhyAtmavAda ke rUpa meM kiyA jA sakatA hai / jaina darzana adhyAtmavAdI darzana hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM jaina darzana kA apanA eka viziSTa aura gauravapUrNa sthAna hai| AcAra meM ahiMsA, vicAra meM anekAMta, vANI meM syAdvAda aura samAja meM aparigraha ye cAra mahAn staMbha haiN| jina para jaina darzana kA mahAprAsAda khar3A hai| jaina darzana jIvana darzana hai| yaha kevala kamanIya kalpanAoM ke anaMta AkAza meM vicaraNa nahIM karatA varan una vimala vicAroM ko jIvana ke pratyeka vyavahAra meM pratiphalita karatA hai| jaina sAhitya kA vipula bhaMDAra hai| usake adhikAMza graMtha prAkRta, saMskRta aura apabhraMza jaisI prAcIna bhASAoM meM hone se nayI pIr3hI kA unameM praveza nahIM ho paataa| hiMdI bhASA meM bhI kucha sarala aura kucha jaTila graMthoM kA sRjana huA hai| una sabhI kI apanI upayogitA hai| lekina bhASAgata jaTilatA evaM prastutigata kaThinAI ke kAraNa nayI pIr3hI unase pUrNatayA lAbhAnvita nahIM ho sakI hai| Aja kI nayI pIr3hI hara bAta ko usakI vaijJAnikatA evaM yuktiyuktatA ke sAtha samajhanA cAhatI hai| yadi dharma aura darzana jaise gUr3ha viSayoM kI bhI vaijJAnika prastuti ho to vaha usake lie sahajagrAhya bana sakatI hai| ataiva Aja prAcIna graMthoM kI Adhunika vyAkhyA kI AvazyakatA hai| isI uddezya se varSoM se yaha bhAvanA thI ki jaina darzana kI vaijJAnikatA ko rekhAMkita karanevAlI pustaka likhI jAnI caahie| yadyapi isa prakAra kI kaI pustakeM likhI jA cukI

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haiN| phira bhI pAThaka unase pUrNatayA lAbhAnvita nahIM ho sake haiN| kyoMki yA to atyadhika vistAra haiM yA ve ati saMkSipta haiN| saMskRtaniSTha bhASA bhI unakI duhata kAraNa banI hai| isake sAtha hI jaina darzana ke mahattvapUrNa tathyoM ko anAvRta karane Adhunika vaijJAnika anveSaNoM kA samAveza bhI unameM nahIM ho sakA hai| prastuta kRti prayAsa kI eka kar3I hai / prastuta sRjana meM nayA kucha bhI nahIM hai| jo kucha bhI hai vaha saba pUrvAcAryoM kI de hI hai| maiMne to purAtana AcAryo kI dezanA ko nUtana AyAma dene kA namra prayatna mAtra hai, jisase ki AcAryo kI vANI se sarvasAdhAraNa lAbhAnvita ho ske| maiM apane prayAra kitanA saphala ho sakA isakA nirNaya to vijJa pAThaka hI kareMge. phira bhI mujhe vizvAsa hai| yaha kRti pUrvA garyo ke mUlagraMthoM ko hRdayaMgama karane meM sahAyaka bnegii| yadi aisA ho ra to maiM apane prayAko sArthaka samajhaMgA / sarvaprathama maiM parama pUjya guruvara AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ke caraNoM vinayAvanata hotA huA hArdika kRtajJatA vyakta karatA hUM, jinake kRpApUrNa AzISa se aura kRtikAra kA yaha svarUpa bana sakA hai| kRti ke lekhana meM pUrvAcAryoM ke aneka graMthoM kA AlaMbana hai| ataH maiM pUrI A paraMparA ke prati kRtajJatA vyakta karate hue unheM apanI AsthA kA arghya samarpita karatA isake sAtha hI mai una sabhI Adhunika vidvAnoM kA bhI AbhArI hUM jinakI khojUparNa pusta kA Azraya isa kRti meM liyA gayA hai / prastuta sRjana meM aneka sAdharmI sAdhakoM jinavANI ke ArAdhakoM ne apane mUlyavAna sujhAvoM se kRti kI upayogitA ko bar3hAyA ataH maiM unake prati bhI kRtajJa hUM / pustaka lekhana ke kSetra meM merA yaha prathama prayAsa hai / ataH pratipAdanugata truTiyAM sa saMbhAvya hai / vijJajanoM se nivedana hai ki unakA bodha karAte hue pustaka kI upayogitA bar3ha sahAyaka bneN| 1

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AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara jI

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samarpaNa tvadIya vasna nabhyameva samarpaye 111 - anukampA ma Ara nikAra kA mAgharapa bana sakA upasa, paya AcArya gurapara zrA padyAmAgara jI ke yApana kara kamalA ma sAdara

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Amukha kucha samaya pUrva mujhe amarakaMTaka meM pAMca dina pUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara mahArAja ke sAnidhya meM vyatIta karane kA durlabha saubhAgya prApta huA thaa| amarakaMTaka bhArata ke vizeSa tIrthoM meM se hai| vaha narmadA tathA do anya nadiyoM kA udgama hai| bar3A ramaNIka sthAna hai| AcAryazrI kI upasthiti ne usa ramaNIkatA meM cAra cAMda lagA die the| una pAMca dinoM meM AcAryazrI se vibhinna viSayoM para jo carcAeM huIM ve mere lie cirasmaraNIya thiiN| una carcAoM meM dharma, adhyAtma, saMskRti, sAhitya, deza aura samAja kI dazA aura dizA Adi bhI viSaya chUTe nhiiN| sabase bar3I bAta yaha thI ki una sAragarbhita carcAoM kA mUla adhiSThAna mAnava usakA jIvana aura mAnavIya mUlya the| AcAryazrI ke saMgha meM kaI muni the, jinhoMne merA dhyAna apanI ora AkRSTa kiyaa| ve sArI carcAoM meM bar3e manoyoga se sammilita rahe, unake ceharoM para niraMtara muskarAhaTa thii| spaSTa thA ki carcAeM unake AnaMdadAyaka thiiN| vastutaH apane guru kI bhAMti ve svayaM jJAna, vidvatA aura vaktavyakalA se abhisikta. ina aMtevAsI saMtoM meM muni pramANasAgara jI kI chApa mere mana para bar3I gaharI pdd'ii| jaba-jaba unase bAtacIta kA prasaMga AyA, maiMne pAyA ki vaha vidvAna haiM, kintu vidvatA ke bojha se dabe nahIM haiM, bar3e sarala haiM aura sahaja haiN| bAda meM jaba kaTanI meM maiMne unake gUr3ha pravacana sune to mujhe anirvacanIya AnaMda kI anubhUti huii| jaina tattva jJAna ko vaha kathA-kahAniyoM ke mAdhyama se itanA grAhya banA dete the ki zrotA maMtra-mugdha hokara unakI bAta sunate the| bAda meM bhopAla meM bhI unase laMbI carcA huii| inhIM muni mahArAja ko Aja maiM eka nae rUpa meM dekha rahA hUM, vaha rUpa hai lekhaka kaa| unakI pustaka jaina dharma aura darzana kI pAMDulipi mere sAmane hai| viSaya nayA athavA achUtA nahIM hai / usa para pahale bhI aneka lekhakoM ne pustakeM likhI haiN| ve supAThya, jJAnavardhaka aura upayogI haiM / kintu prastuta pustaka ko apanI vizeSatA hai| muni sAdhaka hote haiN| ve jo kucha kahate yA likhate haiM vaha unakI sAdhanA meM se prasphuTita hotA hai| gAMdhIjI kahA karate the,"merA jIvana hI merA darzana hai|" isI prakAra sAdhaka ke hAtha meM hara ghar3I sAdhanA kI tulA hotI hai| usa tulA para taula kara hI vaha apanI bAta kahatA hai| isa pustaka kI viziSTatA yahI hai ki kore pustakIya jJAna ke AdhAra para nahIM likhI gaI hai, isake pIche lekhaka kI anubhUtiyAM haiM, jo pustaka ko adhikAdhika grAhya banA detI haiN| pustaka kI pRSThabhUmi meM lekhaka dharma aura darzana ko paribhASita karate hue kahate haiM :

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10 / jaina dharma aura darzana "mUla tatva-draSTAoM ne apanI AtmA ke aMtara-maMthana se jo navanIta prApta kiyA hai, dharma usI kI abhivyakti hai| usI ke nirUpaNa se vividha darzanoM kI udbhUti huI hai / darzana kA artha hotA hai dRSTi / " vastutaH isI dRSTi kI pradhAnatA jaina dharma aura darzana kA mUlamaMtra hai| yadi yaha kahA jAe to koI atizayokti nahIM hogI ki yaha dRSTi pradAna karanA hI isa pustaka kA abhipreta hai| jaina dharma bhAvapradhAna dharma hai aura jaina darzana bhAvanA pradhAna hai| jaina dharma meM sAdhanA ko pramukhatA dI gaI hai| sahaja sAdhanA ko carcA kA paramotkRSTa rUpa muni dIkSA hai / saba prakAra ke parigraha se mukti, rAga-dveSa se sarvathA virati, vItarAga mArga kA anusaraNa aura AtmasAdhanA meM nimagnatA, yaha hai municaryA / mujhe harSa hai ki aise hI eka muni kI lekhanI se isa pustaka kA sRjana huA hai| unakI aMtaraMga bhAvanA aura dharma ke anavarata adhyayana kA pratiphala hai yaha pustaka / sarvathA nirapekSa bhAva se racita yaha kRti tadviSayaka dviSayaka kRtiyoM meM apanI alaga pahacAna rakhatI hai| ___'jaina' kA udbhava 'jina' se hai jo apane ko, arthAt apanI iMdriyoM ko jItatA hai vaha 'jina' hai| jina koI IzvarIya avatAra nahIM hai| jisane kAma, krodha, mada, matsara, lobha, moha-mAyA Adi ko saMpUrNa rUpa meM jIta liyA. vahI saccA vijetA hai. jina hai| jahAM taka dharma kA saMbaMdha hai, usakA artha hai dhAraNa karanA / jisa prakAra binA nIMva ke kisI bhavana kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI, usI prakAra binA dharma ke mAnava jIvana kI sArthakatA nahIM ho sktii| jaina tattva ciMtakoM ne vastu ke svabhAva ko dharma kahA hai| vaise to jagat meM aisA koI padArtha nahIM hai, jisake svabhAva meM dharma na ho, paraMtu AcAra-svarUpa dharma kevala jIvAtmA meM pAyA jAtA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki dharma kA saMbaMdha AtmA se hai| jIva ke vizuddha AcAra ko dharma kahA gayA hai| vahI AtmA kA svabhAva hai| jahAM taka jaina dharma kA saMbaMdha hai usakA apanA laMbA itihAsa hai. usakI apanI paraMparAeM haiN| usakA udbhava kaba huA aura apane vikAsa meM use kina-kina avasthAoM se hokara gujaranA pdd'aa| usakA sAMgopAMga vivecana lekhaka ne isa pustaka meM kiyA hai| itihAsa pUrva-darzaka aura mArga-pradarzaka hotA hai| vibhinna dRSTiyoM se jaba usakA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai to samanvaya ke abhAva meM nyAya-anyAya ke dRSTikoNa bana jAnA svAbhAvika hai| kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki sAdhaka samanvaya kA mArga apanAtA hai| apanI sAdhanA-pradhAna dRSTi se lekhaka ne svataMtra ciMtana se sAkSya ke sAtha isa pustaka meM bar3I gaMbhIratA se isakA vivecana kiyA hai| jaina dharma ke itihAsa ke viSaya meM aneka bhrAMtiyAM haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ko jaina dharma kA pravartaka mAnakara kahA gayA hai ki vaha aura bauddhadharma samakAlIna haiN| yaha eka bar3I bhUla hai / aitihAsika abhilekhoM aura purAtAtvika avazeSoM se patA calatA hai ki jaina dharma bahuta prAcIna hai| usakA pravartana tIrthaMkara bhagavAna AdinAtha yA RSabhadeva ne kiyA thaa| isakI vistRta carcA lekhaka ne isa pustaka meM kI hai|

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Amukha / 11 isI prakAra kI bhrAMtiyA~ jaina darzana ke viSaya meM haiN| kucha logoM kI mAnyatA hai ki bhAratIya darzana do vargoM meM vibhAjita hai-Astika aura nAstika / vaidika daza Astika aura jaina, bauddha aura cArvAka darzanoM ko nAstika mAnA jAtA hai| yaha vargIkaraNa bhUla se huA hai / lekhaka ne likhA hai : _ "Astika aura nAstika zabda asti nAsti diSTaM mati isa pANiNI sUtra ke anusAra ye zabda bane haiN| maulika artha unakA yahI thA ki paraloka (jisako hama dUsare zabdoM meM iMdriyAtIta tathya bhI kaha sakate haiM kI sattA ko mAnane vAlA nAstika kahalAtA hai| spaSTataH isa artha meM jaina aura bauddha darzanoM ko nAstika nahIM kahA jA sakatA / isake viparIta hama to yaha samajhate haiM ki zabda-pramANa kI nirapekSatA se vastu tatva para vicAra karane ke kAraNa dUsare darzanoM kI apekSA unakA apanA eka AdaraNIya vaiziSTaya hI hai| cArvAka jahAM nAstika darzana hai vahAM jaina aura bauddha darzana Astika haiM kyoMki ye donoM hI mokSa aura paraloka meM AsthA rakhate haiN| vastuta: bhAratIya darzana meM do hI vibhAga haiM-vaidika aura avaidika, jaina aura bauddha darzana dUsarI koTi meM Ate haiM, kyoMki ye vedoM ko apauruSeya nahIM maante| jaina dharma aura darzana vizva ko nivRtti mUlaka jIvana zailI pradAna karatA hai| saMtulita jIvana jIne kI kalA jaina dharma kI pramukha dena hai| yaha ahiMsA-mUlaka siddhAMta se sampRkta hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI ne zrImadrAyacaMdra ke saTupadeza se AjIvana nivRtti mUlaka zailI apanAI aura ahiMsA ko apane jIvana kA AdhAra stambha bnaayaa| 'jIo aura jIno do' yaha jaina darzana-jaina dharma kA pramakha siddhAMta hai| jainAcAra ahiMsA kI bhUla-bhitti para avasthita hai| cAra khaMDoM meM vibhakta pustaka ke AraMbha meM jaina dharma kI pRSThabhUmi batAte hae munizrI ne jaina itihAsa kI eka jhalaka darzAyI hai| anaMtara tatva evaM dravya kA vivecana hai, jisameM jIva aura usakI avasthAeM, ajIva tatva aura pudagala dravya kA vizada varNana karake agale adhyAya meM karma baMdha kI prakriyA para prakAza DAlA hai| phira vaha Ate haiM Atma vikAsa ke kramonnata sopAna pr| jainAcAra, munidharma,sallekhanA Adi kA vistRta vivecana karate hue vaha anekAMta va myAdAda kI prastati ke sAtha pastaka kA samApana karate haiN| pastaka kI saMpUrNa sAmagrI ko unhoMne unnIsa adhyAyoM meM sameTA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jinAgama ke mUla tatvoM ke nirUpaNa se lekara karma siddhAMta kI vizada vyAkhyA karate hue karma baMdha se mukti ke upAya saMvara-nirjarA dvArA mokSa-sAdhana, anaMtara zrAvaka ko zrAjakAcAra aura zramaNa ko zramaNApacAra kA pratipAdana karate hue jainadharma kI mUla dhurI anekAMta aura syAdvAda kA savistAra ullekha karate haiN| aura aMta meM sallekhanA kA mArga prazasta karate haiN| jaina dharma aura darzana bar3A jaTila viSaya hai| usakI paribhASika zabdAvalI meM sAmAnya pAThaka to kyA prabuddhavarga bhI prAyaH ulajha jAtA hai| kiMtu munizrI ne isa pustaka meM gUr3ha se gUr3ha tatvoM ko bhI sarala tathA lokabhASA meM samajhAyA hai| unhoMne mUla zabdAvalI ko chor3A hI nahIM hai, lekina udAharaNoM ke dvArA use spaSTa kara diyA hai| unhoMne vizva ke. vikhyAta dArzanika vijJAna vettAoM ke matoM ko mUla zabdAvalI meM paribhASita kiyA hai| isa zabdAvalI

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12 / jaina dharma aura darzana ko unhoMne sugama bodhagamya banA diyA hai| prAmANikatA kI dRSTi se unhoMne yathAsthAna saMdarbha bhI de die haiN| pUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara mahArAja ke sabhI aMtevAsI, jainadharma darzana aura sAhitya ke sUkSma adhyayana meM anavarata saMlagna rahate haiM aura vANI tathA lekhanI ke dvArA jina siddhAMtoM ko sarala se sarala bhASA meM loka-kalyANArtha pratipAdita karate rahate haiN| muni zrI pramANasAgara jI kA yaha prayAsa bhI usI dizA kA hai| apane adhyayana, ciMtana aura manana ke dvArA gUr3ha viSayoM ko sahaja rUpa meM prastuta karane kI kalA meM vaha niSNAta hai| usakA utkRSTa namUnA yaha pustaka hai| isase sAmAnya pAThaka varga ko to lAbha hogA hI, prabuddha varga ko bhI samAdhAna hogaa| yaha pustaka vartamAna samaya ke eka bar3e abhAva kI pUrti karatI hai| Aja hamArA deza bar3I tejI se bhautika mUlyoM kA upAsaka bana rahA hai| naitika mUlya Ahata ho rahe haiN| mAnava-jIvana kA carama lakSya Aja vismRta ho gayA hai| mAnava bhaTaka rahA hai| isa saMkrAta kAla meM, saMkaTa kAla meM, yaha pustaka dIpa-staMbha kA kAma karatI hai| yaha usa mArga ko darzAtI hai,jo loka kalyANa kA mArga hai,jo samAja kI supta cetanA ko jAgRta karatA hai| aisI udbodhaka kRti sulabha karane ke lie, maiM vidvAna lekhaka ke prati hRdaya se zraddhAvanata hUM aura AzA karatA hUM ki isa kRti kA sabhI vargoM aura kSetroM meM hArdika svAgata hogaa| 7/8, dariyAgaja - yazapAla jaina naI dillI-110002 26 janavarI, 1992

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pRSThabhUmi jaina itihAsa - eka jhalaka tattva evaM dravya mokSa tattva svarUpa dravya vivecana jIva aura usakI vividha avasthAeM jIvana kI vividha avasthAeM ajIva tattva karma baMdha kI prakriyA (Asrava baMdha) karma aura usake bheda-prabheda karma ke bheda-prabheda karmoM kI vividha avasthAeM karma mukti ke upAya - ( saMvara - nirjarA) saMvara nirjarA sa- AtmA kI parama avasthA mokSa ke sAdhana AtmavikAsa ke kramonnata sopAna jainAcAra karma kI phaladAna prakriyA aura Izvara ahisA zrAvakAcAra muni AcAra sallekhanA anukrama anekAMta aura syAdavAda anekAMta syAdavAda saptabhaMgI pariziSTa 13535688 23 57 66 103 113 114 135 142 145 147 157 167 177 195 209 210 219 239 251 259 259 266 271 275

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pRSThabhUmi dharma aura usakA dhyeya bhArata eka dharma pradhAna deza hai| AdikAla se hI yahAM ke aneka tattva ciMtakoM ne jIvana aura jagat ke saMbaMdhoM ko pahacAnA hai| usake rahasya ko samajhA hai| vyakti ke sukha-duHkha, lAbha-hAni, jIvana-maraNa, saMyoga-viyoga ke kAraNoM para unakA dhyAna gyaa| unhoMne vyakti ke rAga dveSAdika dvaMdvoM tathA usake janma aura mRtyu ke cakra se Upara uThane ke mArga kI gaveSaNA kI hai| jisa prakAra apane dIrghakAlIna jIvana ke aneka prayogoM ke bAda koI niSpatti vaijJAnikoM ke hAtha lagatI hai, ve vastu kI taha meM jAkara usake marma ko pakar3ate haiM taba unheM koI sUtra milatA hai / ThIka usI taraha aihika ciMtAoM se mukta tathA dRSTAoM ne apanI AtmA ke aMtarmathana se jo navanIta prApta kiyA hai, dharma usakI hI abhivyakti hai| usI ke nirUpaNa ke lie vividha darzanoM kI ubhRti huI hai| 'darzana' kA artha hotA hai 'dRSTi' / darzana vibhinna dRSTi biMduoM ke vaicArika pakSa kA nAma hai, jabaki dharma usake AcArAtmaka pakSa kA pratinidhitva karatA hai / AtmA kyA hai ? 'paraloka kyA hai ? vizva kyA hai ? Izvara kyA hai? Adi jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna darzana se hI kiyA jAtA hai| darzana ke hI mAdhyama se jIvAtmA apanI anaMta zakti ko pahacAnakara paramAtma dazA ko prApta karane kA mArga prazasta karatA hai / yadyapi dharma aura darzana alaga-alaga haiM, phira bhI ina donoM meM paraspara ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hai| vicAroM kA prabhAva manuSya ke AcaraNa para avazya par3atA hai tathA vyakti kA AcAra hI vyakti ke vicAroM ko abhivyakti de sakatA hai| AcAra ke binA vicAra sAkAra rUpa grahaNa nahIM kara sktaa| eka-dUsare ke abhAva meM donoM adhUre aura ekAMgI haiM / vyakti ke AcAra aura vicAroM kA samyak samAyojana hI dharma kA parama dhyeya hai / sabhI dharmoM ke apane siddhAMta haiM, unakA apanA itihAsa hai tathA unakI apanI-apanI paraMparAeM haiN| jahAM taka jaina dharma kI bAta hai, usake udbhava, vikAsa, siddhAMta, itihAsa aura paraMparAoM ke saMbaMdha meM hameM samajhanA hai| 'jaina' zabda 'jina' se bnaa| jina zabda saMskRta ke 'jI' dhAtu ke garbha se janmA hai| yaha jItane ke artha meM prayukta hai| arthAt jo iMdriyoM ko jItatA hai vaha 'jina' hai| 'jina' koI IzvarIya avatAra na hokara kAma krodhAdikoM ko jItanevAlA sAmAnya manuSya hai| usa 'jina' ke anuyAyI 'jaina' kahalAte haiN| jaina kA artha huA 'jina' kA anusaraNa karanevAlA, 'jina' ke caraNa-cihnoM para calanevAlA / 'dharma' zabda saMskRta ke 'dhR' dhAtu se niSpanna hai| isakA artha dhAraNa karanA hai| arthAt

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16 / jaina dharma aura darzana jo dhAraNa kiyA jA sake, vaha dharma hai| jaina tattva ciMtakoM ne 'vatthU sahAvo dhammo' vastu ke svabhAva ko dharma kahA hai| saMsAra meM aisA koI bhI padArtha nahIM hai, jisakA koI svabhAva/dharma na ho kiMtu AcArasvarUpa dharma sirpha jIvAtmA meM hI pAyA jAtA hai| ataH dharma kA saMbaMdha AtmA se hai| isalie jIva ke vizuddha AcaraNa/caritra ko dharma kahA gayA hai| yahI AtmA kA svabhAva hai| isI dharma ko vividha dRSTiyoM se bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| eka AcArya ke anusAra dayA karuNA dharma kI AdhArazilA hai| eka paribhASA ke anusAra, jo vyakti ko duHkha ke garta se nikAlakara sukha ke zikhara taka pahuMcA de vaha dharma hai| jIva ke yathArtha zraddhA, jJAna aura AcaraNa ko bhI dharma kahA gayA hai| ina sabhI lakSaNoM meM jIva kI jAgatika samasyAoM se mukti kA dhyeya nihita hai| inakI vyAkhyA hama agale prakaraNoM meM kreNge| udbhava aba hama jaina itihAsa kI ora dekhate haiN| jaina dharma ke itihAsa ke saMbaMdha meM bahuta-sI bhrAMtiyAM phailAyI gayI haiM / isa kSetra meM jainoM ke sAtha nyAya nahIM huA hai / prAyaH yahI kahA jAtA hai ki jaina dharma bauddha dharma ke samakAlIna hai tathA isakA pavartana bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kiyA thaa| yaha kathana pakSa vyAmoha evaM tadviSayaka ajJAna kA hI pariNAma hai| prApta aitihAsika abhilekhoM evaM purAtAtvika avazeSoM se jaina dharma kI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai / yaha bAta suspaSTa hai ki isa yuga meM jaina dharma kA pravartana prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne kiyA thaa| inakI aitihAsikatA ko suprasiddha jarmana vidvAn DaoN. harmana jaikobI,DaoN jimmara,DaoN.sena,DaoN.rAdhAkRSNana evaM vAsudevazaraNa agravAla jaise prasiddha itihAsavettA bhI svIkAra karate haiN| bhAgavata 5/2/6 meM bhI jaina dharma ke saMsthApaka RSabhadeva kA ullekha milatA hai| Rgveda kI aneka RcAoM meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA sammAnapUrvaka smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI unameM jina vAtavasana aura vAtarasana muniyoM kA ullekha milatA hai unakA bhI saMbaMdha jaina muniyoM se hI hai| prAcIna bauddha graMthoM meM bhI RSabhadeva ko jaina dharma kA pracAraka kahA gayA hai| jaina dharma ke caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM se bhagavAna RSabhadeva, neminAtha pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra bhagavAna kI aitihAsikatA asaMdigdha hai| isake atirikta har3appA-mohanajodar3o kI khudAI se prApta sIloM,moharoM para utkIrNa kAyotsarga mudrAoM se jaina dharma kI aitihAsikatA ke sAtha-sAtha usakI prAgvaidikatA bhI siddha hotI hai| astu isa para vizeSa vicAra Age itihAsa ke prakaraNa meM hama svataMtra rUpa se kreNge| 1. jaina darzana, pR. -2 2. Rgveda 4/55/3, Rgveda-10/136 3. dekho nyAya bidu-1/142-51 4. dekheM Age jaina itihAsa eka jhalaka prakaraNa 5.siMdha phAiva thAijeMDa iarsa ego mADarna rivyU, agasta-1932

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pRSThabhUmi / 17 jaina darzana nAstika nahIM samasta bhAratIya darzanoM ko yadi vaidika aura avaidika ina do vibhAgoM meM bAMTA jAe to jaina aura bauddha darzana avaidika darzana kI koTi meM Ate haiN| kyoMki na to ve vedoM ko pramANa mAnate haiM na hI use Izvara praNIta yA apauruSeya mAnate haiN| isI mAnyatA ke kAraNa kucha loga samasta bhAratIya darzanoM ko Astika aura nAstika darzanoM meM vibhakta kara jaina aura bauddha darzana ko cArvAkoM kI taraha nAstika darzana kahate haiM; jo ki mAtra kalpanA AdhArita hai; kyoMki aise to koI bhI kisI ko Astika aura kisI ko nAstika ThaharA sakatA hai / vastutaH Astika aura nAstika honA vedoM ko mAnane yA na mAnane para nirbhara nahIM hai, apitu paraloka ko mAnane aura na mAnane ke AdhAra para hI Astika aura nAstika darzanoM kA vargIkaraNa hotA hai| isa dRSTi se jaina aura bauddha donoM darzana sarvathA Astika darzana haiM, kyoMki donoM mokSa aura paraloka meM AsthA rakhate haiN| veda AdhArita AstikatA aura nAstikatA kI ukta mAnyatA ko eka paraMparAgata prama nirUpita karate hue prasiddha vidvAn DaoN. maMgaladeva zAstrI ne pro. mahendra kumAra nyAyAcArya kRta jaina darzana pustaka ke prAkkathana meM likhA hai-"bhAratIya darzana ke viSaya meM eka paraMparAgata mithyA bhrama kA ullekha karanA bhI hameM Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| kucha kAla se loga aisA samajhane lage haiM ki bhAratIya darzana kI Astika aura nAstika nAma se do zAkhAeM haiN| tathAkathita vaidika darzanoM ko Astika darzana aura jaina tathA bauddha jaise darzanoM ko 'nAstika darzana' kahA jAtA hai| vastutaH yaha vargIkaraNa nirAdhAra hI nahIM nitAMta mithyA bhI hai| Astika aura nAstika asti nAsti diSTaM mati' (pA.44301 isa pANini satra ke anasAra bane haiN| maulika artha unakA yahI thA ki paraloka (jisako hama dUsare zabdoM meM iMdriyAtIta tathya bhI kaha sakate haiM) kI sattA ko mAnanevAlA Astika aura na mAnanevAlA nAstika kahalAtA hai| spaSTataH isa artha meM jaina aura bauddha darzanoM ko nAstika nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isake viparIta hama to yaha samajhate haiM ki zabda pramANa kI nirapekSatA se vastu tattva para vicAra karane ke kAraNa dUsare darzanoM kI apekSA unakA apanA eka AdaraNIya vaiziSTaya hI hai| sAMskRtika dRSTi se jaina dharma ne vizva ko eka samanvita jIvana zailI dI hai| kamala patra para par3e jala biMdu kI taraha tyAga aura bhoga kI saMtulita jIvana jIne kI kalA jaina dharma kI pramukha dena hai| jisa saha-astitva kI carcA Aja jora-zora se kI jAtI hai, vaha hajAroM-hajAra varSa pahale se hI jaina dharma ke ahiMsA mUlaka siddhAMta se jur3A huA hai| ' jio aura jIne do' kA jIvana darzana jaina dharma kA pramukha udghoSa hai| jainAcAra ahiMsA kI hI mUlabhitti para khar3A hai| jainatva kI AdhArazilA hI ahiMsA hai| ataH hama jaina saMskRti ko ahiMsA mUlaka saMskRti bhI kaha sakate haiN| jaina samAja kI saMracanA jAtIya AdhAra para na hokara karmoM/guNoM ke AdhAra para kI gayI hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra koI bhI vyakti apane janma mAtra se mahAn nahIM banatA ___ 1. jaina darzana, pR. 15

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18 / jaina dharma aura darzana apitu apane satkarmoM se hI vaha mahAn bana pAtA hai| mAnava mAtra ke prati samAna dRSTi rakhakara kI jAnevAlI isa samAja vyavasthA meM brAhmaNasva Adi jAtiyoM kA pramukha AdhAra varga vizeSa meM janma na hokara ahiMsAdika savatoM ke saMskAra hI haiN| isa mAnyatA ke anusAra jinameM ahiMsA, dayA Adi savratoM ke saMskAra vikasita hoM ve brAhmaNa,para kI rakSA kI vRtti vAle kSatriya, kRSi, vANijyAdi vyApAra pradhAna vaizya tathA zilpa sevAdi kAryoM se apanI AjIvikA karanevAle zUdra haiN| koI bhI zUdra apane vrata Adi sadguNoM kA vikAsa kara bAhmaNa bana sakatA hai| brAhmaNatva kA AdhAra vrata saMskAra hai na ki nitya brAhmaNa jAti / / karmaNA varNa vyavasthA svIkAra kara jaina darzana ne aise samAja kI vyavasthA dI hai jisameM na to kisI varga vizeSa ko saMprabhutA pradAna kara vizeSa saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyA gayA hai,na hI kisI ko hIna batAkara use anAvazyaka zoSaNa kA zikAra banAyA gayA hai| mAnava mAtra prati sama bhUmikA ke AdhAra para kI jAnevAlI isa sAmAjika vyavasthA ko hama samatA mUlaka samAja vyavasthA bhI kaha sakate haiN| ataH jaina samAja samatA mUlaka samAja hai| jaina Agama cAra anuyogoM meM vibhakta hai| inheM jainoM ke cAra veda bhI kahate haiM, ve haiM-prathamAnuyoga, karaNAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga aura dravyAnuyoga / 'prathamAnuyoga' mahApuruSoM ke jIvana caritra dvArA tattva bodha karAtA hai| 'karaNAnuyoga' meM loka aura aloka kA vibhAga tathA kAlacakra ke parivartana kA varNana hai / 'caraNAnuyoga' meM muniyoM aura gRhasthoM kI caryA kA varNana hai| 'dravyAnuyoga' meM jIvAjIvAdika dravyoM kA vivecana hai| adhikAMza jaina sAhitya prAkRta/ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM hai| saMskRta, apabhraMza, kannar3a, tamila, marAThI, hiMdI Adi anya bhASAoM meM bhI jaina sAhitya pracura mAtrA meM milatA hai| jainAcAryoM ne prAyaH sabhI bhASAoM ko apanAkara sAhitya jagat kI zrIvRddhi kI hai| prAyaH unhoMne jana pracalita bhASA meM hI apane bhAvoM ko abhivyakti dI hai| jaina dharma ke mUla tattva jainAcAra kI mUlabhitti ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA kA jitanA-sUkSma vivecana jaina paraMparA meM milatA hai, utanA anya kisI paraMparA meM dekhane ko nahIM miltaa| pratyeka AtmA cAhe vaha kisI bhI yoni meM kyoM na ho tAtvika dRSTi se samAna hai| cetanA ke dharAtala para samasta prANI samUha eka haiN| usameM koI bheda nahIM hai| jaina dRSTi kA yaha sAmyavAda bhArata ke lie gaurava kI cIja hai| isI sAmyavAda ke AdhAra para jaina paraMparA yaha ghoSaNA karatI hai ki sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM,koI bhI prANI maranA nahIM caahtaa| ataH hamArA kartavya hai ki hama mana se bhI kisI ke vadha kI bAta na soceN| zarIra se hatyA kara denA to pApa hai hI, kiMtu mana meM tadviSayaka bhAva honA bhI pApa hai| mana,vacana,kAya se kisI bhI prANI ko saMtApa nahIM denA,unakA vadha nahIM karanA.use kaSTa nahIM denA yahI saccI ahiMsA hai| vanaspati jagata se lekara mAnava taka kI ahiMsA kI yaha kahAnI jainAcAra kI viziSTa dena hai| vicAroM meM ekAtmavAda kA Adarza 1. AdipurANa 30/46 (bAhmaNaH vata saMskArAta)

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pRSThabhUmi / 19 to anyatra bhI mila jAtA hai, kiMtu AcAra para jitanA bala jaina darzana meM diyA gayA hai utanA anyatra nahIM mila sktaa| AcAra viSayaka ahiMsA kA utkarSa jaina paraMparA kI apanI dena hai| sAmAjika dRSTi se isI ahiMsA ko vratoM ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai| ahiMsA ko keMdrabiMdu banAkara usake rakSArtha satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha jaise AcAra sUtra die gae haiN| jainAcAra ke pAMca vratoM kA ThIka rIti se pAlana ho, isa uddezya se vratoM ke do stara sthApita kie gae haiM-prathama aNuvrata aura dvitIya mahAvrata / hiMsAdika pApoM kA paripUrNa tyAga mahAvrata kahalAtA hai tathA AMzika rUpa se tyAga hone para aNuvrata hotA hai| sAdhu mahAvratoM kA pAlana karate haiM tathA zrAvaka (gRhastha) aNuvratoM kA / sAdhanA dvArA zrAvaka kramazaH sAdhutva kI ora kadama bar3hAte haiN| vratAcaraNa ke ukta AdhAra para jaina saMghaThana muni, AryikA, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA rUpa cAra saMghoM meM vibhakta haiN| ise hI caturvidha saMgha kahate haiN| jaina sAdhanA meM tyAga aura tapa kA mahattvaparNa sthAna hai.phira inake jJAna malaka hone kI anivAryatA hai / jJAna rahita tyAga aura tapa nirarthaka mAnA gayA hai| isa dRSTi meM tapa kA mukhya lakSya isa tathya ko anubhUta karanA hai ki zarIra, zarIra hai; AtmA, AtmA hai| donoM ke astitva alaga-alaga haiN| zarIra jar3a hai tathA AtmA cetana hai| zarIra nAzavAna hai AtmA zAzvata hai, lekina donoM eka-dUsare se itane zliSTa haiM ki inake bheda kA vizvAsa nahIM ho pAtA / zarIra aura AtmA kA bheda samajhane para hI jaina sAdhanA kI zuruAta hotI hai, "yahI bheda vijJAna yA samyaka darzana kahalAtA hai|" bheda-vijJAna kI pRSThabhUmi meM hI tapa sArthaka ho pAtA hai| ise jaina sAdhanA kA prathama sopAna kahA gayA hai| paramAnaMda kI prApti tapa kA carama lakSya hai| vastu kI svataMtratA jaina darzana kA pramukha vaiziSTya hai| jaina dharma meM pratyeka jar3a yA cetana sabhI kI svataMtra sattA svIkAra kI gayI hai| isa dRSTi meM vyakti svayaM apanA niyaMtA hai| jo jaisA karatA hai vaha vaisA hI bharatA hai| ataH kisI anya aise Izvara yA usa jaisI kisI aciMtya zakti ko mAnyatA nahIM dI gayI hai jo hameM puraskRta yA daMDita karatI ho, jinake hAthoM hamArA saMpoSaNa yA saMhAra hotA ho / pratyeka padArtha apane pariNamana meM pUrNa svataMtra hai| anya padArtha dUsare ke pariNamana meM nimitta to ho sakate haiM para usakI sattA kA ullaMghana nahIM kara skte| jainadarzana meM loka vyavasthA kA bhI yatheSTha vivecana hai / tadnusAra yaha loka chaha dravyoM se bharA hai| ve haiM jIva,pudgala,dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla / 'jIva' cetanAvAna dravya hai| 'pudgala' cetanA rahita hai| 'dharma' dravya jIva aura pudgagaloM kI gati meM sahAyaka hai| 'adharma' dravya unake Thaharane meM hetu hai| 'AkAza' dravya sabhI ko sthAna/avagAha detA hai| yaha lokAkAza aura alokAkAza ke bheda se baMTA huA hai| 'loka' zabda saMskRta ke 'luk' dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha hai 'dekhanA' / jahAM taka jIvAdika dravya dekhe yA pAe jAte haiM vaha loka hai| usase bAharI kSetra ko aloka kahate haiN| samasta AkAza avibhAjya hai| 'kAla' dravya sabake parivartana yA pariNamana meM hetu hai| dharma, adharma aura AkAza eka-eka hI haiN| ye pUre loka meM vyApta haiN| kAla dravya asaMkhya hai / jIva anaMta haiM tathA pudgala anaMtAnaMta haiM / ye saba anAdi nidhana haiN| ye sadA se haiN| inakA honA hI inakI viziSTatA hai| inheM sat kahate

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20 / jaina dharma aura darzana haiN| sat kA kabhI vinAza nahIM hotA, na hI asat kA utpAda / pratyeka sat guNa paryAyoM vAlA hotA hai| apanI guNa paryAyoM ke mAdhyama se inameM utpAda vyaya dhrauvyAtmaka pariNamana hotA rahatA hai, yaha sat kA lakSaNa hai| isameM pratikSaNa kucha nayA utpanna hotA hai, purAnA miTatA hai| yahI isakA utpAda vyaya hai| naye kI utpatti aura purAne ke vinAza ke bAda bhI dravya A maulikatA ko nahIM chor3atA, yahI isakI dhrauvyatA hai| jaise sone ke do AbhUSaNa haiM-mukuTa aura kaMgana / sunAra se mukuTa galavAkara kaMgana banavAyA gyaa| isameM mukuTa kA vyaya huA aura kaMgana kA utpAda, lekina sonA jyoM kA tyoM banA rhaa| samagra loka vyavasthA utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya kI paridhi meM hI saMcAlita hai| jaina darzana meM sAta tattvoM kA ullekha hai| ve haiM-jIva, ajIva, Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa,jIva cetanAvAna haiM, ajIva cetanA rahita hai| jIva aura ajIva kA yoga hI saMsAra hai| Asrava aura baMdha saMsAra ke kAraNa haiN| karmoM ke Agamana ko Asrava kahate haiN| unakA AtmA ke sAtha eka rasa ho jAnA baMdha hai| Asrava kA nirodha saMvara hai| karmoM ke jhar3ane ko nirjarA kahate haiM tathA karmoM se pUrNa mukti mokSa hai| jIva aura ajIva kA yoga hI saMsAra hai| Asrava aura baMdha saMsAra ke kAraNa haiN| saMvara aura nirjarA mokSa ke sAdhana haiN| mokSa jIva kI svAbhAvika avasthA hai / yahI jIva kI mukti yAtrA kA vRttAMta hai| ___ 'anekAMta' jaina darzana kA pramukha pratipAdya hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra vastu anaMta dharmAtmaka hai, arthAt eka hI vastu paraspara virodhI aneka dharmoM/guNoM kA piMDa hai| use samajhane ke lie anekAMtAtmaka dRSTi ko apanAnA jarUrI hai| anekAMta kA artha hai anaMta dharmAtmaka vastu ko tattatt dRSTi se svIkAra kara vastu kA samaya bodha karAnevAlI dRSTi / usake binA vastu kA samagra bodha nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki vastu ko hama jaisI dekhate haiM vastu vaisI hI nahIM hai, apitu use una jaisI anaMta dRSTiyoM se dekhe jAne kI saMbhAvanA hai| hamArA svalpa jJAna samagra vastu ko viSaya nahIM banA sktaa| jaba taka hama vastu ko samagra dRSTi se nahIM dekhate taba taka hameM usakA samagra bodha nahIM ho sakatA / vastu ke samagra bodha ke lie anekAMtAtmaka dRSTi ko apanAnA anivArya hai| syAdvAvAd usI anekAMtAtmaka vastu tattva ke pratipAdana ke lie apanAyI jAnevAlI bhASA zailI hai / 'syAt' yaha eka nipAt zabda hai| isakA artha 'zAyada' yA 'saMdeha nhiiN| yaha to kathaMcit kisI apekSA se, kisI dRSTi se, kisI eka dharma kI vivakSA se Adi arthoM meM prayukta hai| 'vAda' zabda kA artha hai kathana athavA vacana / isa prakAra jo syAt kA kathana athavA pratipAdana karanevAlA hai vaha syAdavAd hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki jo virodhI dharma kA nirAkaraNa na karatA huA apekSA vizeSa se vivakSita pakSa/dharma kA pratipAdana karatA hai vaha syAdvAvAd hai| jaba vastu tattva hI anekAMtAtmaka hai taba hama use eka sAtha pUrA nahIM kaha skte| usake lie hameM sApekSa varNana zailI apanAne kI jarUrata hai| jaise koI vyakti kisI kA pitA hai to vaha sirpha pitA hI nahIM hai| anya saMdoM meM putra,pautra, cAcA, bhatIjA,mAmA, bhAMjA, bhAI Adi aneka rizte usake sAtha saMbhava haiN| isase siddha huA ki hameM jo kucha kahanA hai sApekSa hI kahanA hai / aisA kahakara hI hama vastu sthiti kA sahI kathana kara sakate haiM / putra kI

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pRSThabhUmi / 21 apekSA se hI use pitA kahA jA sakatA hai| prasiddha vaijJAnika AInsaTAIna ne jisa Theory of Relativity kA kathana kiyA hai vaha yahI sApekSatA kA siddhAMta hai / lekina vaha sirpha bhautika padArthoM taka hI sImita hai| jaina darzana meM ise aura bhI vyApaka arthoM meM kahA gayA hai ki loka ke sAre astitva sApekSa haiN| unheM lekara kahA gayA koI bhI nirapekSa kathana satya nahIM hai| isa prakAra hama kaheM ki 'AtmA' se 'paramAtmA' kI yAtrA karanevAlA yaha jaina dharma vizva kA prAcInatama dharma hai| isakI apanI maulika aura svataMtra paraMparA hai| yaha kisI kI zAkhA nahIM hai| ahiMsA jaina saMskRti kI amUlya nidhi hai| jainAcAra ahiMsA kI hI mUla bhitti para khar3A hai| anekAMta jaina vicAra kA mUlAdhAra hai| vAstu svAtaMtrya kI udaghoSaNA karanevAle jaina dharma meM karmaNA varNa vyavasthA ko svIkAra kara jo samatA mUlaka samAja vyavasthA dI gayI hai vaha jaina dharma kI ananya dena hai| jaina darzana kA vijJAna jaina-darzana kI yaha vizeSatA mAnI jA sakatI hai ki yaha darzana atyaMta vizAla,sarvagrAhI evaM udAra (catholic) darzana hai,jo vibhinna mAnyatAoM ke bIca samanvaya karane evaM saboM ko ucita sthAna dene ko tatpara hai| tathA isakA dRSTikoNa bahuta aMzoM meM vaijJAnika pravRti (Spirit) se mela khAtA hai| sAtha hI sAtha, yaha burAiyoM ko haTAkara vinAza ke kagAra para khar3I mAnavatA ko sukha, zAMti evaM mukti kA saMdeza bhI detA hai| yaha dharma-darzana itanA pUrNa aura samRddha hai ki, eka aura vijJAna ke anukUla hai, aura dUsarI ora vijJAna ke azubha pratiphaloM se mukta bhI hai| isameM vijJAna kI sabhI khUbiyAM vartamAna hai sAtha hI yaha unakI khAmiyoM se bhI mukta hai| balki yaha usakI pUraka prakriyA bhI ho sakatA hai| aura vijJAna ko mAnavatAvAdI aura kalyANakArI dRSTikoNa bhI de sakatA hai| harendraprasAda varmA -AsthA aura ciMtana se khata

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jaina itihAsa-eka jhalaka jaina paraMparAgata itihAsa tiresaTha zalAkA puruSa prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva vaidika sAhitya meM RSabhadeva vAta rasanA zramaNa kezI aura bhagavAna RSabhadeva purANoM aura smRtiyoM meM RSabhadeva bauddha sAhitya meM RSabhadeva siMdhughATI aura jaina dharma zilAlekhIya sAkSya vidvAnoM ke abhimata anya tIrthakara tIrthakara nemInAtha tIrthakara pArzvanAtha tIrthakara mahAvIra mahAvIra ke bAda jaina dharma zvetAmbara mata kA prAdurbhAva digambaratva kI prAcInatA digambara aura zvetAmbara mAnyatAoM meM bheda uttara kAlIna paMtha bheda

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jaina itihAsa -- eka jhalaka kisI bhI dharma ke maulika siddhAMtoM ko samajhane ke pUrva usake udbhava aura vikAsa kI kahAnI kI jijJAsA uThanI svAbhAvika hai| ukta jijJAsAeM jahAM usa dharma / saMskRti kI nirmala paraMparA kA bodha karAtI haiM, vahIM aneka prakAra ke aitihAsika satya ko bhI anAvRta karatI haiN| pratyeka dharma kA apanA itihAsa hai, usake udbhava aura vikAsa kI eka laMbI kathA hai, jo apane-apane prarvatakoM/pracArakoM se saMbaddha hai, jahAM taka jaina dharma ke itihAsa kI bAta hai isa saMbaMdha meM eka laMbI kAlAvadhi taka bhramapUrNa sthiti rahI hai| koI ise bauddha dharma kI zAkhA samajhate haiM to koI ise vaidika kriyAkAMDoM ke virodha meM utpanna huA dharma mAnate haiN| koI bhagavAna mahAvIra ko isakA saMsthApaka mAnane kI bhUla meM haiN| to koI isake udbhava kA saMbaMdha bhagavAna pArzvanAtha se jor3ate haiN| bhAratIya itihAsa ke kSetra meM hue adhunAtana anveSaNoM ne ukta mAnyatAoM kA nirAkaraNa kara jaina dharma kI prAcInatA ko saMpuSTa kiyA hai| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra jaina dharma anAdi se hai, jo samaya-samaya para utpanna honevAle caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM dvArA pravartita hotA rahA hai| caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI yaha paraMparA anaMtakAlIna hai| isa yuga meM jaina dharma kA prarvatana bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne kiyA thaa| isake pramANa svarUpa purAtAtvika sAmagrI, aitihAsika abhilekhoM evaM sAhityika saMdarbhoM kA abhAva nahIM hai| inhIM ke AdhAra para aneka prAcya va pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne apane gaveSaNAtmaka niSkaSoM meM yaha bAta sthApita kI hai ki jaina dharma prAgaitihAsika / prAgvaidika dharma hai| isake Adya prarvataka RSabhadeva rahe haiN| isa adhyAya kA prayojana jaina paraMparAgata itihAsa kI saMkSipta prastuti ke sAtha usakI prAcInatA ko saMpuSTa karanA hai| jaina paraMparAgata itihAsa jaina anuzrutiyAM bhArata kA itihAsa usa samaya se prastuta karatI haiM jaba Adhunika nAgarika sabhyatA kA vikAsa nahIM huA thaa| usa samaya vyakti prAyaH jaMgaloM meM rahate the / manuSya grAma va nagaroM meM nahIM basate the| loga na khetI karanA jAnate the, na pazu-pAlana, na hI koI udyog-dhNdhe| usa samaya ke loga apane khAna-pAnAdi samasta AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti prAkRtika kalpavRkSoM se kara liyA karate the| (icchita / kalpita AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ho

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26 / jaina dharma aura darzana jAne se hI inheM kalpavRkSa kahA jAtA thA) usa samaya na koI samAja vyavasthA thI na hI pArivArika saMbaMdha | mAtA-pitA yugala putra-putrI kI janma dekara divaMgata ho jAte the / purANakAroM ne ukta vyavasthA ko bhoga- bhUmi vyavasthA kahA hai| dhIre-dhIre ukta vyavasthA meM parivartana huA aura usa yuga kA AraMbha huA jise purANakAroM ne karmabhUmi kahA hai| ise hama Adhunika sabhyatA kA prAraMbha bhI kaha sakate haiN| kalpavRkSoM se phala prApti meM kamI Ane lagI / phalataH loga eka-dUsare se jhagar3ane lge| zIta tuSArAdi kI bAdhAeM satAne lagIM / jaMgalI pazuoM kA AtaMka bar3hane lgaa| usa samaya kramazaH 14 kulakara hue, jinhoMne tatkAlIna samasyAoM kA samAdhAna kara samAja ko naI vyavasthA dI / jaina paraMparA meM kulakaroM kA vahI sthAna hai jo ki vaidika paraMparA meM manuoM kA / manuoM kI saMkhyA bhI caudaha batAyI gayI hai| kulakaroM ne logoM ko hiMsaka pazuoM se rakSA kA upAya btaayaa| bhUmi / vRkSoM kI vaiyaktika svAmitva kI sImAeM nirdhArita kiiN| hAthI, ghor3A Adi vanya pazuoM kA pAlana kara unheM vAhana ke upayoga meM lAnA sikhaayaa| bAla-baccoM kA lAlana-pAlana evaM unake nAmakaraNAdi kA upadeza diyA / zIta- tuSArAdi se apanI rakSA karanA sikhAyA / nadiyoM ko naukAoM dvArA pAra karanA, pahAr3oM para sIr3hiyAM banAkara car3hanA, varSA se chatrAdika dhAraNa kara apanI rakSA karanA sikhAyA aura aMta meM kRSi dvArA anAja utpanna karane kI kalA sikhAI / jisake pazcAt vANijya, zilpa Adi ve saba kalAeM va udyoga-dhaMdhe hue jinake kAraNa yaha bhUmi karmabhUmi kahalAne lagI / isa prakAra sabhI kulakaroM ne apane-apane samaya meM samAja ko sabhyatA kA koI na koI aMga pradAna kiyA jisase Adhunika sabhyatA kA vikAsa hone lagA / aitihAsika dRSTi se vidvAnoM ne isa kAla ko pUrva aura uttara pASANa yuga kA samanvita rUpa kahA hai| tiresaTha zalAkA puruSa caudaha kulakaroM ke pazcAt jina mahApuruSoM ne karmabhUmi kI sabhyatA ke yuga meM dharmopadeza va apane caritra dvArA acche-bure kA bheda sikhAyA, aise tiresaTha mahApuruSa hue, jo zalAkA puruSa arthAt vizeSa gaNanIya puruSa mAne gae haiN| unhIM kA caritra jaina purANoM meM vizeSa rUpa se pAyA jAtA hai| ina tiresaTha zalAkA puruSoM meM caubIsa tIrthaMkara, bAraha cakravartI, nau nArAyaNa, nau balabhadra aura nau pratinArAyaNa sammilita haiM jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM 24 tIrthaMkara -1. RSabhadeva, 2. ajitanAtha, 3. saMbhavanAtha, 4. abhinaMdana nAtha, 5. sumatinAtha, 6. padmaprabha, 7. supArzva nAtha, 8. caMdraprabha, 9. puSpadaMta, 10. zItalanAtha, 11. zreyAMsa nAtha, 12. vAsapUjya, 13. vimalanAtha, 14. anaMtanAtha, 15. dharmanAtha, 16. zAMtinAtha, 17. kuMthunAtha, 18. arahanAtha, 19. mallinAtha, 20. munisuvrata nAtha, 21. naminAtha, 22. neminAtha, 23. pArzvanAtha, 24. mahAvIra 12 cakravartI- 1. bharata, 2. sagara, 3. maghavA, 4. sanatakumAra, 5. zAMti, 6. kuMthu, 7. araha, 8. subhauma, 9. padma, 10. harisena, 11. jayasena, 9 nArAyaNa - 1. tripRSTha, 2. dvipRSTha, 3. svayaMbhU, 4. 12. brahma datta, puruSottama 5. puruSasiMha 6. puruSa

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jaina itihAsa-eka jhalaka/27 puNDarIka,7. datta,8. lakSmaNa,9. kRSNa / 9 pratinArAyaNa-1. azvagrIva, 2. tAraka, 3. meraka, 4. madhu, 5. nizuMbha, 6. bali, 7. prahAda,8. rAvaNa,9. jraasNdh| 9 balabhadra-1. acala,2. vijaya,3. bhadra, 4. suprabha, 5. sudarzana, 6. AnaMda, 7. naMdana, 8. rAma,9. blraam| prathama tIrthaMkara RSa aMtima kulakara nAbhirAja aura unakI patnI marUdevI se RSabhadeva utpanna hue| inakA janma ayodhyA meM huA thaa| inheM vRSabhanAtha bhI kahA jAtA hai| caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM se Adima/prathama hone ke kAraNa inheM AdinAtha bhI kahA jAne lgaa| jaina dharma kA prAraMbha yahIM se mAnA jAtA hai| apane pitA kI mRtyu ke bAda ye rAjyasIna hue| unhoMne asi, masi, kRSi, vidyA, vANijya aura zilpa AjIvikA ke sAdhanabhUta ina chaha karmoM kI vizeSa rUpa se vyavasthA kI tathA deza aura nagaroM ko suvibhAjita kara saMpUrNa bhArata ko bAvana janapadoM meM vibhAjita kiyaa| logoM ko karmoM ke AdhAra para inhoMne kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra-ina tIna varNoM kI vyavasthA kI, isalie inheM prajApati kahA jAne lgaa| inakI do patniyAM thI-sunaMdA aura naMdA / inase unhoMne zataputroM evaM do putriyoM ko janma diyaa| jinameM sunaMdA se bharata aura brAhmI tathA naMdA se bAhubalI aura suMdarI pramukha hai| inhoMne apanI brAhmI aura suMdarI nAmaka donoM putriyoM ko kramazaH aMka aura akSara vidyA sikhAkara samasta kalAoM meM niSNAta kiyaa| brAhmI lipi kA pracalana tabhI se huaa| Aja kI nAgarI lipi ko vidvAna usakA hI vikasita rUpa mAnate haiN| eka dina rAjamahala meM nIlAMjanA nAmaka nRtyAMganA kI nRtya karate hue hI Akasmika mRtyu ho jAne se inheM vairAgya ho gyaa| phalataH apane jyeSTha putra bharata ko samasta rAjya kA bhAra sauMpakara digaMbarI dIkSA dhAraNa kara vana ko tapasyA karane cale ge| bharata bahuta pratApI rAjA hue| unhoMne apane digvijaya dvArA sarvaprathama cakravartI pada prApta kiyaa| isalie isa deza kA nAma inake nAma ke AdhAra para bhArata par3a gyaa| jainetara sAhitya meM bhI isakA ullekha milatA hai tathA vidvAnoM ne bhI isameM apanI sahamati pradAna kI hai| RSabhadeva ne eka hajAra varSa taka kaThora tapasyA kii| usake pariNAmasvarUpa unhoMne kaivalya prApta kara samasta bhArata bhUmi ko apane dharmopadeza se upakRta kiyaa| cUMki unhoMne apane samasta vikAroM ko jIta liyA thaa| isalie ye jina kahalAe tathA inake dvArA prarUpita dharma jaina dharma kahalAne lgaa| apane jIvana ke aMta meM unhoMne kailAza parvata se mokSa/nirvANa prApta kiyaa| isa prakAra jaina dharma kA pravartana prAraMbha ho gayA aura usI samaya se jaina dharma pUre rASTra kA dharma bana gyaa| jaina dharma kI ukta mAnyatA kA samarthana jainetara sAhitya evaM purAtAtvika sAkSyoM ke 1. (a) dekheM bharata aura bhArata (ba)mArkaNDeya purANa-eka adhyayana, pR. 138 DaoN. vAsadevazaraNa agravAla

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28 / jaina dharma aura darzana AdhAra para bhI hotA hai| vaidika sAhitya meM sarvAdhika prAcIna Rgveda meM aneka sthaloM para RSabhadeva kA ullekha milatA hai, sAtha hI usameM jina vAtarasanA kezI Adi muniyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| vidvajjanoM ne unakA saMbaMdha bhI jaina muniyoM se hI mAnA hai| Rgveda kI aneka RcAoM meM prayukta 'arhan' zabda bhI jaina saMskRti ke purAtana hone kA paricaya detA hai| vaidika sAhitya meM RSabhadeva pAThakoM kI suvidhA ke lie vidvAnoM ke lekhoM ke AdhAra para yahAM kucha vaidika RcAoM/maMtroM ko uddhRta karate haiM jinase jaina saMskRti kA paricaya milatA hai| Rgveda meM eka sthAna para RSabhadeva ko jJAna kA AgAra tathA dukhoM va zatruoM kA vidhvaMsaka batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki asUtapUrvA vRSabho jyAyanibhA, asya zuruSaH saMtipUrvIH / divo na pAtA vithasthIbhiH kSatraM rAjAnA prativodadhAthe // 1 arthAt jisa prakAra jala se bharA huA meSa varSA kA mukhya strota hai aura pRthvI kI pyAsa bujhA detA hai usI prakAra pUrvI arthAt jJAna ke pratipAdaka RSabha mahAna haiM, unakA zAsana vara de| unake zAsana meM RSi paraMparA se prApta pUrva kA jJAna AtmA ke krodhAdi zatruoM kA vidhvaMsaka ho / donoM (saMsArI aura siddha) AtmAeM apane hI Atma guNoM se camakatI haiN| ataH vahI rAjA haiM,ve pUrva jJAna ke AgAra haiM aura Atma patana nahIM hone dete| RSabhadeva kA pramukha siddhAMta thA--AtmA meM hI paramAtmA kA adhiSThAna hai / use prApta karane kA upAya kro| isI siddhAMta kI puSTi karate hue vedoM meM unakA nAmollekha pUrvaka kahA gayA hai tridhAvaddho vRSabho roravIti mahAdevo mAnAviveza arthAt mana, vacana, kAya se baddha (saMyata) RSabhadeva ne ghoSaNA kI-mahAdeva matyoM meM nivAsa karatA hai| unhoMne apanI sAdhanA va tapasyA se manuSya zarIra meM rahate hue use pramANita bhI kara dikhAyA thaa| aisA ullekha bhI vedoM meM hai tanamartyasya devatvamajAnamane Rgveda 39/17 RSabha svayaM Adi puruSa the| jinhoMne sabase pahale martyadazA meM devatva prApta kI thii|' vAtarasanA zramaNa/kezI aura bhagavAna RSabhadeva Rgveda meM jo vAtarasanA muniyoM aura zramaNoM kI sAdhanA kA citraNa milatA hai, usakA saMbaMdha jaina muniyoM se hI hai 1. RSabha saurabha pR. 14 para uddhata / 2. Rgrama saurabha pR. 14 para ur3ata / 3. RSabha sauramapu. 14 para ut| 4. RSabha saurabha pu. 14

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jaina itihAsa-eka jhalaka/29 munayo vAtarasanAH pizaMgA vasate malA / vAtasyAnughrAjiM yaMti yaddavAso avikSata / / unmaditA mauneyena vAtAM AtasthimA vym| zarIrAdesmAkaM yUyaM martAso abhi pazyatha // arthAt atIMdriyArthadarzI vAtarasanA muni mala dhAraNa karate haiM jisase ve piMgala varNa dikhAI par3ate haiN| jaba ve vAyu kI gati ko prANopAsanA dvArA dhAraNa kara lete haiM arthAt ve roka lete haiM, taba ve apane tapa kI mahimA se dIptimAna hokara devatA svarUpa prApta ho jAte haiN| sarvalaukika vyavahAra ko chor3akara ve mauneya kI anubhUti meM kahate haiM "munibhAva se pramudita hokara hama vAyu bhAva meM sthita ho ge| matyoM / tuma hamArA bAhya zarIra mAtra dekhate ho, hamAre abhyaMtara zarIra ko nahIM dekha paate|" yaha varNana nizcita hI kisI vaidiketara tapasvI kA hai aura ve tapasvI RSabhadeva hI hoNge| taittarIyAraNyaka 7.1 meM inhIM vAtarasanA muniyoM ko 'zramaNa' aura 'urdhvamaMthI' bhI kahA hai| sAtha hI usameM RSabhadeva kA bhI ullekha hai-'vAtarasanA havA RSabhAH zramaNA urdhvamaMthinoM vabhUtuH / 2 zrImadbhAgavata meM zramaNoM kI prazaMsA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo vAtarasanA urdhvamaMthI zramaNa muni haiM ve zAMta,nirmala,saMpUrNa parigraha se sanyasta brahmapada ko prApta karate haiN| vAtarasanA muniyoM kA saMbaMdha digaMbara zramaNoM se hI hai, isalie nighaMTU kI bhUSaNa TIkA meM zramaNa zabda kI vyAkhyA isa rUpa meM kI hai zramaNA digaMbarAH zramaNAH vaatrsnaa| bhAgavata 11/2 meM uparyukta vyAkhyA kA samarthana isI prakAra karate hue kahA gayA hai zramaNA vAtarasanA Atma vidyA vishaardaaH| zramaNa digaMbara muni kA hI nAmAMtara hai| AcArya jinasena ne Adi purANa meM vAtarasana zabda kA artha nirmatha, niraMbara, digaMbara karate hue kahA haidigavAsAM vAtarasanA nirmathezo nirNbrH| Adi purANa isI prakAra Rgveda meM aneka sthaloM para kezI, arhan yati aura vrAtyoM kA ullekha AyA hai| vidvAnoM ke anusAra unakA saMbaMdha bhI jaina saMskRti se hI hai| Rgveda ke gaveSaNAtmaka adhyayana ke AdhAra para DA. sAgara mala jaina ne Rgveda meM arhata aura RSabhavAcI RcAeM' nAmaka lekha meM likhA hai "Rgveda meM na kevala sAmAnya rUpa se zramaNa paraMparA aura vizeSa rUpa se jaina paraMparA se saMbaMdhita arhata, ahaMta, vrAtya, vAtarasanA muni,zramaNa Adi zabdoM kA ullekha milatA hai apitu usameM ahaMta paraMparA ke upAsya vRSabha kA bhI ullekha zatAdhika bAra milatA hai| majhe Rgveda meM vRSabhavAcI 112 RcAeM prApta huI haiN| saMbhavataH kucha aura RcAeM bhI mila sakatI haiM / yadyapi yaha 1. Rgveda 10, 136,2-3 2. jaina darzana aura saskRti kA itihAsa pR,11 3 DaoN gokula prasAda ke anusAra Rgveda meM 141 RcAo meM RSabhadeva kA stutiparaka ullekha eva utkIrtana huA hai jinameM RSabhadeva ko pUrvajJAna kA pratipAdaka aura duHkhoM kA nAzaka kahA gayA hai| -NANasAyara RSabha aka pR. 21

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30 / jaina dharma aura darzana kahanA kaThina hai ki ina samasta RcAoM meM prayukta vRSabha zabda RSabhadeva kA hI vAcI hai, phira bhI kucha RcAeM to avazya RSabhadeva se saMbaMdhita hI mAnI jA sakatI haiN| DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana, pro. jimmara, pro. virUpAkSa vArDiyara Adi kucha jainetara vidvAna bhI isa mata ke pratipAdaka haiM ki Rgveda meM jaino ke Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se saMbaMdhita nirdeza upalabdha hote haiM "1 purANoM aura smRtiyoM meM RSabhadeva isa prakAra vedoM meM RSabhadeva kA ullekha to milatA hI hai, zrImadbhAgavata, mArkaNDeya purANa, kUrmapurANa, vAyu purANa, agni purANa, brahmAMDa purANa, barAha purANa, viSNu purANa evaM skaMdha purANa Adi meM RSabhadeva kI stuti ke sAtha hI sAtha unake mAtA-pitA putra Adi ke nAma tathA jIvana kI ghaTanAoM kA bhI savistAra varNana hai / 2 zrImadbhAgavata ke prathama skaMdha adhyAya tIna meM avatAroM kA kathana karate hue batAyA gayA hai / " rAjA nAbhi kI patnI marUdevI ke garbha se RSabhadeva ke rUpa meM bhagavAna ne AThavAM avatAra grahaNa kiyA / isa saMbaMdha meM unhoMne paramahaMsoM ko vaha mArga dikhAyA jo sabhI Azrama vAsiyoM ke lie vaMdanIya hai|" mahAbhArata zAMtiparva meM bhI RSabhadeva kA ullekha hai / aisA kahA jAtA hai ki ar3asaTha tIrthoM kI yAtrA karane se jo phala prApta hotA hai utanA phala bhagavAna AdinAtha ke smaraNa mAtra se hI mila jAtA hai aSTaSaSTiSu tIrtheSu yAtrAyAM yatphalaM bhavet / zrI AdinAthasya devasya smaraNenApi tadbhaveta // isa prakAra vaidika sAhitya ke anuzIlana se RSabhadeva kI aitihAsikatA ke sAtha-sAtha jaina dharma ke prasthApaka ke rUpa meM unake mahAna vyaktitva kA bhI patA calatA hai / bauddha sAhitya bauddha sAhitya meM bhI RSabhadeva kA ullekha milatA hai| dhamma pada meM unheM 'pravara vIra' kahA hai (usabhaM pavaraM vIraM-422 ) / maMjuzrI mUla kalpa meM unako nirmantha tIrthakara aura Apta deva ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| 'nyAya vidu' adhyAya tIna meM RSabha (vRSabha) aura barddhamAna ko sarvajJa arthAt kevala jJAnI tIrthakara likhA hai / 3 'dharmottara pradIpa' pRSTha 286 meM bhI unakA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra RSabhadeva kA ullekha prAcIna itihAsa jaina, vaidika, bauddha tInoM sAhityoM meM milatA hai / siMdhu ghATI aura jaina dharma purAtAtvika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para bhI jaina dharma kI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai / itihAsakAroM aura purAtatvavettAoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki vaidika AryoM ke Agamana se pUrva bhArata meM jo 1. dekhe zramaNa, apraila- - jUna 1994 2. vizeSa ke lie dekhe - RSabha saurabha pR 77 3. sarvajJa Apti vA sajyoti jJAnAdika mupadiSTavAna yathA vRSabha vardhamAnadiriti -- nyAya biMdu a 3

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jaina itihAsa-eka jhalaka / 31 sabhyatA thI vaha atyaMta samRddha aura samunnata thii| vidvAnoM ne use zramaNa saMskRti se saMbaddha kiyA hai| san 1922 se 1927 ke bIca bhAratIya purAtatva vibhAga dvArA siMdhu ghATI ke har3appA aura mohanajodar3o kI khudAI se kaI nae tathya prakAza meM Ae haiM, jinase jaina dharma kI prAcInatA ke sAtha-sAtha usakI prAgvaidikatA bhI siddha hotI hai| ina donoM sthAnoM meM jisa saMskRti kI khoja huI vaha siMdhu ghATI kI sabhyatA kahI jAtI hai| vidvAnoM ke anusAra vaha lagabhaga 5000 varSa purAnI saMskRti hai / ina sthAnoM se prApta purAtAtvika sAmagrI ke AdhAra para tatkAlIna bhAratavAsiyoM ke rahana-sahana, pahanAvA va rItirivAja aura dhArmika vizvAsoM kA patA calatA hai mohanajodar3o se kucha nagna kAyotsarga yogI mudrAeM milI haiM, unakA saMbaMdha jaina saMskRti se hai| ise pramANita karate hue sva. rAya bahAdura,pro. rAmaprasAda caMdrA ne apane zodhapUrNa lekha meM likhA hai ___"siMdhu muharoM meM se kucha muharoM para utkIrNa devamUrtiyAM na kevala yoga mudrA meM avasthita haiM varan usa prAcIna yuga meM siMdhu ghATI meM pracalita yoga para prakAza DAlatI haiN| una muharoM meM khar3e hue devatA yoga kI khar3I mudrA bhI prakaTa karate haiM aura yaha bhI ki kAyotsarga mudrA Azcaryajanaka rUpa se jainoM se saMbaMdhita hai| yaha mudrA baiThakara dhyAna karane kI na hokara khar3e hokara dhyAna karane kI hai| Adi purANa sarga aThAraha meM RSabha athavA vRSabha kI tapasyA ke silasile meM kAyotsarga mudrA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / mathurA ke karjana purAtatva saMgrahAlaya meM eka zilA phalaka para jaina vRSabha kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3I huI cAra pratimAeM milatI haiM,jo IsA kI dvitIya zatAbdI kI nizcita kI gaI haiN| mathurA kI yaha mudrA mUrti saMkhyA 12 meM pratibiMbita hai| prAcIna rAjavaMzoM ke kAla kI mizrI sthApatya meM kucha aisI pratimAeM milatI haiM jinakI bhujAeM donoM ora laTakI huI haiN| yadyapi ye mizrI mUrtiyAM yA grIka kuroM prAyaH usI mudrA meM milatI haiM, kiMtu unameM vairAgya kI vaha jhalaka nahIM hai jo siMdhughATI kI ina khar3I mUrtiyoM yA jainoM kI kAyotsarga pratimAoM meM milatI hai| RSabha kA artha hotA hai vRSabha (baila) aura vRSabha jina RSabha kA cihna hai|' pro. caMdrA ke ina vicAroM kA samarthana pro. prANanAtha vidyAlaMkAra bhI karate haiN| ve bhI siMdhu ghATI meM milI ina kAyotsarga pratimAoM ko RSabhadeva kI mAnate haiM, unhoMne to sIla kramAMka 449 para 'jinezvara' zabda bhI par3hA hai| isI bAta kA samarthana karate hue DaoN. rAdhA kumuda mukharjI likhate haiM ki phalaka 12 aura 118 AkRti 7 (mArzala kRta mohanajodar3o) kAyotsarga nAmaka yogAsana meM khar3e hue devatAoM ko sUcita karatI haiN| yaha mudrA jaina yogiyoM kI tapazcaryA meM vizeSa rUpa se milatI hai / jaise mathurA saMgrahAlaya meM sthApita tIrthaMkara RSabha devatA kI mUrti meM / RSabha kA artha hai baila, jo AdinAtha kA lakSaNa hai / muhara saMkhyA EG.H. phalaka para aMkita deva mUrti meM eka baila hI banA hai| saMbhava hai yaha RSabha kA hI pUrva rUpa ho / yadi aisA hai to zaiva dharma kI taraha jaina 1. mArDana rivyu agasta 1932 pR. 156-60 2. It my also be noted that incription on the indus seal No 449 reads according to my decipherment"Jinesh". Indian Historical Quarterly. Vol. VIII No. 250.

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32 / jaina dharma aura darzana dharma kA mUla bhI tAmrayugIna siMdhu sabhyatA taka calA jAtA hai| isI bAta kI puSTi karate hue prasiddha vidvAna rASTrakavi rAmadhArI siMha dinakara likhate _ "mohanajodar3o kI khudAI meM yoga ke pramANa mile haiM aura jaina mArga ke Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva the| jinake sAtha yoga aura vairAgya kI paraMparA usI prakAra lipaTI huI haiM jaise kAlAMtara meM vaha ziva ke sAtha samanvita ho gyiiN| isa dRSTi se jaina vidvAnoM kA yaha mAnanA ayukti yukta nahIM dikhatA ki RSabhadeva vedollikhita hone para bhI veda pUrva isI saMdarbha meM prasiddha itihAsakAra DaoN.ema.ela.zarmA likhate haiM mohanajodar3o se prApta muhara para jo cihna aMkita hai vaha bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA hai| yaha cihna isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki Aja se pAMca hajAra varSa pUrva yoga sAdhanA bhArata meM pracalita thI aura usake pravartaka jaina dharma ke Adi tIrthakara RSabhadeva the| siMdhu nivAsI anya devatAoM ke sAtha RSabhadeva kI pUjA karate the| isI bAta ke samarthana meM jaina dharma ko prAgaitihAsika dharma nirUpita karate hue prasiddha vidvAn vAcaspati gorailA likhate haiM _ "zramaNa saMskRti kA pravartaka jaina dharma prAgautihAsika dharma hai| mohanajodar3o se upalabdha dhyAnastha yogiyoM kI mUrtiyoM kI prApti se jaina dharma kI prAcInatA nirvivAda siddha hotI hai| vaidika yuga meM vrAtyoM aura zramaNa jJAniyoM kI paraMparA kA pratinidhitva bhI jaina dharma ne hI kiyA hai| dharma,darzana,saMskRti aura kalA kI dRSTi se bhAratIya itihAsa meM jainoM kA vizeSa yoga rahA hai / 4 isI prakAra apanI pustaka 'himAlaya meM bhAratIya saMskRti meM vizvambhara sahAya premI likhate haiM 'zuddha aitihAsika dRSTi se yadi isa prazna para vicAra kareM to bhI yaha mAnanA hI par3atA hai ki bhAratIya sabhyatA ke nirmANa meM AdikAla se hI jainiyoM kA hAtha thaa| mohanajodar3o kI mudrAoM meM jainatva bodhaka cinhoM kA milanA tathA vahAM kI yoga mudrA ThIka jina mUrtiyoM ke sadRza honA isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki taba jJAna aura lalita kalA meM jainI kisI se pIche nahIM the| isI AdhAra para jaina dharma prAgaitihAsika aura prAgvaidika dharma hai isa bAta kI puSTi karate hue DaoN.vizuddhAnaMda pAThaka aura paM. jayazaMkara mizra likhate haiM ____ vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki yaha dharma prAgaitihAsika aura prAgvaidika hai| siMdhu ghATI kI sabhyatA se milI yoga mUrti tathA Rgveda ke katipaya maMtroM meM RSabha tathA ariSTa nemi jaise tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma isa vicAra ke mukhya AdhAra hai| bhAgavat aura viSNu purANa meM milane vAlI 1 hiMdU sabhyatA pR39 2. saskRti ke cAra adhyAya pR 62 3. bhArata me saskRti aura dharma pR 62 4. bhAratIya darzana pR. 93 5. himAlaya meM bhAratIya saskRti pR. 47

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jaina itihAsa--eka jhalaka / 33 jaina tIrthakara RSabhadeva kI kathA bhI jaina dharma kI prAcInatA vyakta karatI hai|"1 isI prakAra jainAcArya vidyAnaMdajI dvArA likhita mohanajodar3o, jaina paraMparA aura pramANa nAmaka zodhAtmaka lekha dRSTavya hai| unhone aneka pramANoM ke AdhAra para yaha siddha karate hue likhA hai jaina dharma kI prAcInatA nirvivAda hai| prAcInatA ke isa tathya ko hama do sAdhanoM se mAna sakate haiM--purAtatva/itihAsa / jaina purAtatva kA prathama sirA kahAM hai, yaha taya kara pAnA kaThina hai kyoMki mohanajodar3o kI khudAI meM kucha aisI sAmagrI milI hai jisane jaina dharma kI prAcInatA ko kama se kama pAMca hajAra varSa Age dhakela diyA hai| isI prakAra haDappA kI khudAI se eka nagna mAnava dhar3a milA hai| nagna mudrA kAyotsarga mudrA hai| keMdrIya purAtatva vibhAga ke tatkAlIna mahAnidezaka TI.ena.rAmacaMdrana ne usa para gahana adhyayana kiyA hai| unhoMne apane 'har3appA eMDa jainijma' nAmaka zodhapUrNa pustaka meM usa mUrti ko RSabhadeva kI pramANita karate hue likhA hai har3appA kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM utkIrNita mUrti pUrNa rUpa se jaina mUrti hai, unake mukha para jaina dharma kA sAmya bhAva dUra se jhalakatA hai|" DaoN. kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla ne bhI ise tIrthaMkara RSabha kI mUrti mAnA hai| unake anusAra 'paTanA ke pAsa lohAnIpura se prApta tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI mUrti bhArata kI sabase prAcIna mUrti hai / har3appA kI nagna mUrti aura isa jaina mUrti meM samAnatA hai / inakI vizeSatA hai yoga mudrA / __ bAbU kAmatA prasAda jaina ne bhI apanI pustaka 'mahAvIra aura anya tIrthakara' meM likhA hai ki "har3appA se prApta eka pleTa naM. 10 para kevala mAnava mUrti kA dhar3a utkIrNita hai| yaha bhI nagna hai aura kAyotsarga madrA meM hai| isakA habaha sAmya bAMkIpura kI jaina mUrti meM milatA hai| yaha maurya kAlIna hai|"5 har3appA kI saMskRti ko vidvAno ne IsA pUrva 2000 se 3000 kA mAnA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki Aja se cAra-pAMca hajAra varSa pUrva bhI tIrthakaroM kA astitva thA aura unakI pUjA arcanA hotI thii| ina saba AdhAroM se aneka vidvAnoM ne yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki siMdhu ghATI kI sabhyatA jaina saMskRti se sabaddha thii| zrI pI Ara. dezamukha ne apanI pustaka iMDasa sivilAijezana Rgveda eMDa hidU kalcara' meM likhA hai "jainoM ke pahale tIrthakara sidhu sabhyatA me hI the| sidhu janoM ke deva nagna hote the| jaina logoM ne usa sabhyatA/saMskRti ko banAe rakhA aura nagna tIrthakaroM kI pUjA kii|" unhoMne sidhu ghATI kI bhASika saMracanA kA bhI ullekha karate hue likhA hai 1 bhAratIya itihAsa aura saskRti pR 199-200 2 mohanajodaDo jaina paraparA aura pramANa pR 12 3 Thc Harappan Statuette being exactly in the above specified Pore We may not wrong in identifying The God represented as a Trithankara or a Jaina ascetic of accredited fame and penance u 4 4 da iDasa vailI sivilAijezana eDa RSabhadeva, vI jI naiyara, 11 5 mahAvIra aura anya tIrthakara, pR 23

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34 / jaina dharma aura darzana "sidhujanoM kI bhASA prAkRta thii| prAkRta jana sAmAnya kI bhASA hai / jainoM aura hiduo me bhArI bhASika bheda hai| jainoM ke samasta prAcIna dhArmika graMtha prAkRta me hai| vizeSatayA ardhamagadhI me,jabaki hinduoM ke samasta gratha saskRta me hai| prAkRta bhASA ke prayoga se bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki jaina prAgvaidika hai aura sidhu ghATI se unakA sabadha thaa|"1 isa viSaya me DaoN premasAgara jaina dvArA likhita "sidhu ghATI meM RSabha yuga" dRSTavya hai| unhone apane zodhAtmaka lekha me aneka pramANo ke AdhAra para yaha sthApita karate hue kahA ki "samUcI sidhu ghATI usame cAhe mohanajodaDo ho yA haDappA RSabhadeva kI thI, unakI hI pUjA arcanA hotI thii|" ___itihAsakAroM ke anusAra vaidika Aryo ke bhArata Agamana athavA sapta sidhu se Age baDhane se pUrva bhArata meM draviDa nAga Adi mAnava jAtiyA thii| usa kAla kI saskRti ko draviDa saskRti kahA gayA hai / DaoN herAsa,pro esa zrIkaTha zAstrI jaise aneka zIrSastha vidvAno aura purutatvavettAo ne usa saskRti ko draviDa tathA anArya saskRti kA abhinna aga mAnA hai| pro esa zrIkaTha zAstrI ne sidhu sabhyatA kA jaina dharma ke sAtha sAdRzya batAte hue likhA hai, "apane digabara dharma, yoga mArga, vRSabha Adi vibhinna lAchano kI pUjA Adi bAto ke kAraNa prAcIna sidhu sabhyatA jaina dharma ke sAtha adbhuta sAdRzya rakhatI hai ata vaha mUlata anArya athavA kama se kama avaidika to hai hii| haDappA se prApta yogI mUrtiyA tathA vaidika sAhitya meM ullikhita dasyu, asura, nAga aura vrAtya Adi saskRtiyA bhI unhI kA smaraNa karAtI hai| ye sabhI saskRtiyA jaina saskRti ke agabhUta saskRniyA thii| isI bAta para jora dete hue mejara janarala je sI Ara pharlAga epha Ara esa I ne apane gratha me likhA hai ___ "IsA pUrva ajJAta samaya se kucha pazcimI, uttarI va madhya bhAratIya turAnI jinako draviDa kahate hai, ke dvArA zAsita thaa| draviDa zramaNa dharma ke anuyAyI the| zramaNa dharma jisakA upadeza RSabhadeva ne diyA thA, vaidiko ne unhe jaino kA prathama tIrthakara mAnA hai| manu ne draviDo ko vrAtya kahA hai,kyoki ve jaina dharmAnuyAyI the / zrI nIlakaTha zAstrI ne 'uDIsA me jaina dharma' nAmaka pustaka me jaina dharma ko sasAra kA mUladharma batAte hue draviDo ko jaino se sabaddha kiyA hai| ve likhate hai "jaina dharma sasAra kA mUla adhyAtma dharma hai| isa deza me vaidika dharma ke Ane se bahuta pahale se hI yahA jaina dharma pracalita thaa| khUba sabhava hai ki prAgvaidiko me zAyada draviDo me yaha dharma thaa| isI prakAra pI sI rAya caudharI ne bhI jaina dharma ko atyata prAcIna dharma mAnA hai| unake anusAra magadha me pASANa yuga ke bAda kRSi yuga kA pravartana RSabha yuga me huaa| 1 iDasa sivilAijezana eDa hidU kalcara, pI Ara dezamukha pR 344 2 sidhu ghATI me RSabhayuga DaoN premasAgara jaina NANasAyara RSabhadeva aka / 3 dekhe bhAratIya itihAsa- eka dRSTi pR 28 4 sArTa sTaDIja oNpha kAmpareTiva rilijana pR 243 5 ur3IsA me jaina dharma pR 3 6 jainijma ina vihAra pR 47

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jaina itihAsa - eka jhalaka / 35 zilAlekhIya sAkSya jaina dharma ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se kaliMgAdhipati samrATa khAravela dvArA likhAyA gayA udayagiri, khaMDAgiri ke hAthI guphA vAlA lekha atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai| namo arahaMtAnaM, namo savva siddhAnaM se prAraMbha hue ukta lekha meM jaina itihAsa kI vyApaka jAnakArI milatI hai / usameM likhA hai ki mahAmeghavAhana khAravela magadharAja puSyamitra para car3hAI kara RSabhadeva kI mUrti vApasa lAyA thA / bairisTara zrI kAzI prasAda jAyasavAla ne usa lekha kA gaMbhIra adhyayana karake likhA hai- " aba taka ke upalabdha isa deza ke lekhoM meM jaina itihAsa kI dRSTi se atyaMta mahatvapUrNa zilAlekha hai / usase purANa ke lekhoM kA samarthana hotA hai / vaha rAjavaMza ke krama ko IsA se 450 varSa pUrva taka batAtA hai / isake sivAya yaha siddha hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 100 varSa ke anaMtara hI unake dvArA pravartita jaina dharma, rAja dharma ho gayA thA aura usane ur3IsA meM apanA sthAna banA liyA thA / " 1 ukta lekha se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM bhI RSabhadeva kI pUjA arcanA hotI thI / mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIlA meM mahattvapUrNa jaina purAtatva ke atirikta 110 zilAlekha mile haiN| usameM sabase prAcIna deva nirmita stUpa vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / atyaMta prAcIna hone ke kAraNa ise deva nirmita stUpa kahA jAtA hai| purAtatva vettAoM ke anusAra IsA pUrva 800 ke AsapAsa usakA punarnirmANa huA / 2 kucha vidvAna use Aja se 3000 varSa prAcIna mAnate haiM / 3 usake sAtha hI vahAM se I.pU. dUsarI sadI se bArahavIM zatAbdI taka kI aneka tIrthaMkara pratimAeM bhI milI haiN| isase bhI jaina dharma kI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai| inhIM saba AdhAroM ke kAraNa viseMTa e. smitha ne likhA hai . " mathurA se prApta sAmagrI likhita jaina paraMparA ke samarthana meM vistRta prakAza DAlatI hai aura jaina dharma kI prAcInatA ke viSaya meM akATya pramANa upasthita karatI hai tathA yaha bAta batAtI hai ki prAcIna samaya meM bhI vaha apane isI rUpa meM maujUda thaa| IsvI san ke prAraMbha meM bhI vaha apane vizeSa cinhoM ke sAtha caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI mAnyatA thaa| "4 dRr3ha vizvAsI vidvAnoM ke abhimata isa prakAra aitihAsika khojoM, zilAlekhIya anveSaNoM, purAtAtvika sAkSyoM evaM prAcIna sAhitya ke satyAnuzIlana se RSabhadeva ke sAtha-sAtha jaina dharma kI prAcInatA darpaNavat spaSTa ho jAtI hai / aba prAyaH sabhI vidvAn yaha mAnane lage haiM ki jaina dharma bhArata kA prAcInatama dharma hai aura isakA pravartana RSabhadeva ne kiyA thA / prasaMgAnurodha se isI krama meM kucha vidvAnoM mahatvapUrNa gaveSaNAtmaka maMtavyoM/niSkarSo ko uddhRta karate haiM jinase jaina dharma kI prAcInatA 1. jai. si. bhAskara bhA. 5 vi. pR. 26-30 2, 3. dekheM 'RSabha saurabha' meM prakAzita DaoN. rameza caMda zarmA dvArA likhita 'mathurA ke jaina sAkSya' 4. di jaina stUpa: mathurA, pR. 6

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36 / jaina dharma aura darzana kA patA calatA hai 1. jaina dharma ke AraMbha ko jAna pAnA asaMbhava hai| isa taraha yaha bhArata kA sabase purAnA dharma mAlUma hotA hai| -mejara je.sI. Ara. pharalAMga 2. jaina dharma taba se pracalita huA jaba se sRSTi kA AraMbha huaa| isase mujhe kisI bhI prakAra kI Apatti nahIM hai ki jaina darzana vedAMtAdi darzanoM se pUrva kA hai| -mahAmahopAdhyAya rAma mizra zAstrI 3. jaina paraMparA ke anusAra jaina darzana kA udgama RSabhadeva se huA, jinhoMne kaI zatAbdiyoM pUrva janma dhAraNa kiyA thaa| isa prakAra ke paryApta sAkSya upalabdha hai jisake AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki IsA se eka zatAbdI pUrva bhI aise loga the jo RSabhadeva kI pUjA karate the, jo sabase pahale tIrthaMkara the| isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki varddhamAna evaM pArzvanAtha se pUrva bhI jaina dharma pracalita thaa| yajurveda meM tIna tIrthaMkaroM ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai-RSabhadeva, ajitanAtha, ariSTa nemi / bhAgavata purANa isa bAta kA samarthana karatA hai ki RSabhadeva jaina dharma ke saMsthApaka the| __-bhUtapUrva rASTrapati DaoN. sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNana 4. pArzvanAtha ko jaina dharma kA saMsthApaka siddha karane ke lie koI pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai / jaina paraMparA prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ko jaina dharma kA saMsthApaka mAnane meM ekamata hai| isa mAnyatA meM aitihAsika satya kI saMbhAvanA hai| -suprasiddha jarmana vidvAn DaoN. harmana jaikobI 5. jaba jaina aura brAhmaNa donoM hI RSabhadeva ko isa alpakAla meM jaina dharma kA saMsthApaka mAnate haiM to isa mAnyatA ko avizvasanIya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| -sTIvensana 6. vizeSataH prAcIna bhArata meM kisI bhI dharmAMtara se kucha bhI grahaNa karake nUtana dharma calAne kI prathA nahIM thii| jaina dharma hiMdU dharma se sarvathA svataMtra dharma hai / yaha usakI zAkhA yA rUpAMtara nahIM hai| pro. meksa mUlara 7. DaoN. jimmara jaina dharma ko prAgaitihAsika vaidika dharma se sarvathA svataMtra tathA prAcIna mAnate hue likhate haiM,"brAhmaNa AryoM se jaina dharma kI utpatti nahIM hai, apitu vaha bahuta prAcIna prAgaArya, uttarapUrvI bhArata kI ucca zreNI ke saSTi vijJAna aura manuSya Adi ke 1. di zArTa sTaDIja ina sAiMsa oNpha kaMpareTiva rilijana, pR. 14 2. jaina itihAsa meM lokamata 3. bhAratIya darzana bhAga-1 pR. 233 4. iMDiyana eMTIkverI 46/63 5. It is So Seldom that Jains and Brahmans agree I do not see now. We can refuse them credit in this instance where the do so. -Kalpsutra Introduction 6. Ryama saurabha pR.29

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jaina itihAsa-eka jhalaka / 37 vikAsa tathA rItirivAjoM ke adhyayana ko vyakta karatA hai| 8. jaina loga apane dharma ke pracAraka siddhoM ko tIrthaMkara kahate haiN| jinameM Adya tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva the| inakI aitihAsikatA ke viSaya meM saMzaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / zrImadbhAgavata meM kaI adhyAya RSabhadeva ke varNana meM lagAe gae haiN| ye manuvaMzI mahipati nAbhi aura mahArAnI marUdevI ke putra the / inakI vijaya vaijayaMti akhila mahImaMDala para phaharAtI thii| inake sau putroM meM sabase jyeSTha the 'bharata' / jo bhArata ke nAma se apanI alaukika AdhyAtmikatA ke kAraNa prasiddha the aura jinake nAma se prathama adhIzvara hone ke hetu hamArA deza bhArata ke nAma se vikhyAta huaa| -baladeva upAdhyAya 9. graMthoM tathA sAmAjika vyAkhyAnoM se jAnA jAtA hai ki jaina dharma anAdi hai| yaha viSaya nirvivAda hai tathA matabheda se rahita hai / sutarAM / isa viSaya meM itihAsa ke sudRDha sabUta hai| -paM. bAlagaMgAdhara tilaka __10. yaha suvidita hai ki jaina dharma kI paraMparA atyaMta prAcIna hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra toaMtima tIrthaMkara the| * bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUrva 23 tIrthaMkara ho cuke the| unhIM meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva prathama tIrthakara the, jisake kAraNa unheM AdinAtha kahA jAtA hai| jaina kalA meM unakA aMkana ghora tapazcaryA kI mudrA meM milatA hai| RSabhanAtha ke caritra kA ullekha zrImadbhAgavata meM bhI vistAra se AtA hai aura yaha socane ko bAdhya honA par3atA hai ki usakA kyA kAraNa rahA hogA? bhAgavata meM isa bAta kA bhI ullekha hai ki mahAyogI bharata,RSabha ke zatapatroM meM jyeSTha the aura unhIM se yaha deza bhArata varSa khlaayaa| -DaoN. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla 11. logoM kA yaha bhramapUrNa vizvAsa hai ki pArzvanAtha jaina dharma ke saMsthApaka the, kiMtu isakA pracAra RSabhadeva ne kiyA thaa| isakI puSTi meM pramANoM kA abhAva nahIM hai| -varadAkAMta mukhopAdhyAya 12. jaina aura bauddha dharma kI prAcInatA ke saMbaMdha meM mukAbalA karane para jaina dharma vAstava meM bahuta prAcIna hai / mAnava samAja kI unnati ke lie jaina dharma meM sadAcAra kA bar3A mUlya hai| -phreMca vidvAn e. giArenATa 13. saMsAra meM prAyaH yaha mata pracalita hai ki bhagavAn buddha ne Aja se 2500 varSa pahale ahiMsA siddhAMta kA pracAra kiyA thaa| kisI itihAsa ke jJAnI ko isakA bilkula jJAna nahIM ki mahAtmA buddha se karor3oM varSa pUrva eka nahIM anekoM tIrthaMkaroM ne ahiMsA ke siddhAMta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| prAcIna kSetra aura zilAlekha isa bAta ko pramANita karate haiM ki jaina dharma 1. Jainism docs not drive from Brahman Aryan Sources but reflects the Cosmology and an Anthropalogy of a much old pre Aryan upper class of North Eastern India. -The Philosophies of India-p. 217 2. bhAratIya darzana, pR. 88 saptama saMskaraNa 3. ahiMsA vANI, julAI 82, pR. 197-198 4. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa pUrva pIThikA prastAvanA pR. 8 5. jainadharma kI prAcInatA pR.8 6. jaina dharma pR. 128

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38 / jaina dharma aura darzana prAcIna dharma hai jisane bhAratIya saMskRti ko bahuta kucha diyaa|' anya tIrthaMkara pUrva kathita pramANoM evaM uparokta vidvAnoM ke niSpakSa sammatiyoM ke AdhAra para bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI aitihAsikatA meM kisI bhI prakAra kA saMdeha nahIM raha jAtA / RSabhadeva jaina dharma ke prathama tIrthaMkara the| inake bAda kramazaH teIsa tIrthaMkara aura hue, jinakA jIvana caritra jaina purANa, graMthoM meM savistAra milatA hai| isake atirikta mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIlA evaM anya sthAnoM se prApta IsvI san se zatAbdiyoM pUrva kI nirmita pratimAoM se bhI zeSa tIrthaMkaroM kA aitihAsika astitva pramANita hotA hai| tIrthaMkara neminAtha inameM bAisaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna neminAtha jinheM ariSTa nemi bhI kahate haiM, kI aitihAsikatA ko vidvAnoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| ve nArAyaNa zrI kRSNa ke cacere bhAI the| yajurveda Adi graMthoM meM bhI ariSTa nemi kA ullekha huA hai| purANoM se bhI spaSTa hai ki zrI kRSNa ke samakAlIna eka ariSTa nemi nAmaka RSi the| mahAbhArata meM bhI unakA ullekha hai|' 1. jaina dharma pR. 128 2. jaina stUpa eMDa adara eNTIkvITIja oNpha mathurA pR. 24.25 3. Neminath is connected with the leyend of Shri Krishna as his realative .... The Harivansa Puran Estabalishes the Historicity of Neminath. He was never a mythical person. He is refferred to as a Jina in the Prabhasas Purana. Who obtained salvation on the M.T. Raivataka. -Dr B.C. Law Voa, S.P.No. Vol.V.P.48 4. eka samaya thA jaba itihAsajJa vidvAn bhagavAna neminAtha kI aitihAsikatA meM vizvAsa nahIM rakhate the, kiMtu Adhunika aitihAsika khojoM ke AdhAra para aba vidvAn yaha mAnane lage haiM ki zrIkRSNa ke samaya neminAtha jaise koI mahApuruSa hue haiN| prasiddha koSakAra DaoN. nAgeMdranAtha vasu, purAtatvajJa, DaoN. phUharara, pro. vAraneTa, karnala TADa, mi kavA, DaoN. hari satya bhaTTAcArya, DaoN. prANanAtha vidyAlakAra, DaoN rAdhAkRSNana Adi aneka praur3ha aura prAmANika vidvAn tIrthakara neminAtha kI aitihAsikatA ko svIkAra karane lage haiN| svaya Rgveda, yajurveda, arthavaveda, sAmaveda, aitereya brAhmaNa, yAskanirukta, sarvAnukramaNikA TIkA vedArtha dIpikA, sAyaNa bhASya, mahAbhArata, bhAgavata, skaMda purANa eva mArkaNDeya purANa Adi prasiddha brAhmaNIya grathoM meM inake ullekha milate haiN| itanA hI nahIM tIrthakara neminAtha kA prabhAva bhArata ke bAhara videzoM meM bhI pahuMcA pratIta hotA hai| karnala TADa apanI pustaka rAjasthAna meM likhate haiM ki mujhe aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prAcInakAla meM cAra buddha yA medhAvI mahApuruSa hue haiN| inameM pahale AdinAtha yA RSabhadeva the| dUsare neminAtha the| neminAtha hI skeNDineviyA nivAsiyoM ke prathama 'oDina' tathA cIniyoM ke prathama 'pho' nAmaka devatA the| DaoN. prANanAtha vidyAlaMkAra ne isake atirikta 19 mArca 1935 ke sAptAhika 'TAimsa oNpha iMDiyA' meM kAThiyAvAr3a se prApta eka prAcIna tAmra zAsana prakAzita kiyA thaa| unake anusAra ukta dAnapatra para jo lekha aMkita thA usakA bhAva yaha hai ki 'sumera jAti meM utpanna bAbula ke khildiyana samrATa nevucedanajjara ne jo revAnagara (kaThiyAbAr3a) kA adhipati hai, yadurAja kI isa bhUmidvArakA) meM Akara revatAcala (girinAra) ke svAmI neminAtha kI bhakti kI tathA unakI sevA meM dAna arpita kiyaa|' dAnapatra para ukta pazcimI eziyAI nareza kI mudrA bhI aMkita hai aura usakA kAla IsA pUrva 1140 ke lagabhaga anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| -bhAratIya itihAsa, eka dRSTi pR.45

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jaina itihAsa-eka jhalaka/39 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha teIsave tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kA janma vArANasI me huA thaa| ye ugravazI rAjA azvasena aura mahArAnI vAmAdevI ke putra the| 30 varSa kI avasthA me inakA mana vairAgya se bhara uThA aura kumAra avasthA meM hI samasta rAja pATa choDakara inhone digabarI dIkSA dhAraNa kara tapasyA mArga apanA liyaa| kucha dina taka duIra tapa karane ke uparAta inhe kaivalya kI upalabdhi hii| tadatara deza dezAtaro me bhramaNa karate hue unhone jaina dharma kA upadeza diyaa| ata me 100 varSa kI avasthA me bihAra pradeza me sthita sammeda zikhara me nirvANa lAbha kiyaa| vaha parvata taba se Aja bhI pArasanAtha ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| jaina purANoM ke anusAra inake aura mahAvIra ke nirvANa kAla me 250 varSa kA atara hai / itihAsakAro ke anusAra inakI janmatithi 877 I pU tathA nirvANa tithi 777 I pU hai| pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA ke bAre me bhI kisI prakAra ke sadeha ke lie koI sthAna nahI hai / bauddha aura jaina gratho me inake ziSyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| unake stUpa, madira aura mUrtiyA svaya unake kAla se aba taka kI barAbara milatI hai, jinase unakA astitva pramANita hotA hai| DaoN jArla cArapeTara, DaoN girinATa,DaoN harsavartha, pro rAmaprasAda cadrA,DaoN vimala caraNa lAhA tathA DaoN jimmara prabhRti aneka vidvAn inakI aitihAsikatA ko svIkAra karate hue kahate hai ki 'bhagavAn pArzva avazya hue, jinhoMne logo ko zikSAe dI thii| inakI aitihAsikatA svaya siddha hai| tIrthakara mahAvIra atima tIrthakara mahAvIra kA janma caitra zukla trayodazI (27 mArca IsvI pUrva 598) ke dina kuDa grAma meM huaa| kuDa grAma prAcIna bhArata ke vrAtya kSatriyoM ke prasiddha vajji sagha ke vaizAlI gaNatatra ke atargata thaa| vartamAna me usa sthAna kI pahacAna bihAra ke vaizAlI nagara se kI gaI hai / vahA bhagavAna mahAvIra kA smAraka bhI banA huA hai / unake pitA siddhArtha vahA ke pradhAna the| ve jJAtRvazI kAzyapa gotrIya kSatriya the tathA mAtA trizalA ukta sagha ke adhyakSa licchavi nareza ceTaka kI putrI thii| unhe priyakAriNI devI ke nAma se sabodhita kiyA jAtA thaa| nAthavazI hone ke kAraNa mahAvIra ko bauddha graMthoM meM nAta putra (nAtha putra) bhI 1 majjhima nikAya 1/25 2 uttarAdhyayana gautama kezI savAda 3 kakAlI TIlA mathurA kA jaina stUpa unake hI samaya banA thaa| 4 dekhe bhAratIya itihAsa eka dRSTi pR 47 5 At least with respect to Paishva the Tirthankara just preceding Mahavira We have grounds fare Parshva beleving that he actualy lived thought Parshva s the first of Long Series Whom we can fairly visualize in all historical setting -Philosophies of India

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40 / jaina dharma aura darzana kahA gayA hai| mahAvIra ke bacapana kA nAma vardhamAna thA kiMtu samaya-samaya para ghaTita hone vAlI vibhinna ghaTanAoM ke kAraNa vIra, ativIra, sanmati, mahAvIra Adi nAma / upAdhiyAM bhI unake nAma ke sAtha jur3a ge| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya deza kI sthiti atyaMta arAjaka thii| cAroM ora hiMsA kA bolabAlA thaa| dharma ke nAma para pratidina hajAroM niraparAdha pazuoM kI baliyAM dI jAtI thIM / samAja kA abhijAta varga apanI tathA kathita uccatA ke abhimAna meM nimnavarga kA hara prakAra se zoSaNa kara rahA thaa| ve manuSya hokara bhI mAnavocita adhikAroM se vaMcita / kumAra vardhamAna kA mana isa hiMsA aura viSamatA se hone vAlI mAnavatA ke utpIr3ana se baicena thA / isa viSama paristhiti ne unheM AtmAnusaMdhAna kI ora pravRtta kiyA / ataH ve tIsa varSa kI bharI javAnI meM vivAha ke prastAva ko ThukarAkara mArga zIrSa kRSNa dasavIM (29 navaMbara I.pU. 569) ke dina samasta rAja-pATha kA tyAga kara digaMbarI dIkSA dhAraNa kara lie| ve bAraha varSa taka kaThina mauna sAdhanA meM rata rahe / pariNAmasvarUpa vaizAkha zukla dasavIM (23 apraila I. pUrva 557) ke dina bihAra ke jRmbhaka gAMva ke RjukUlA nadI ke kinAre unheM kevala jJAna kI upalabdhi huI / ve pUrNa vItarAgI sarvajJa sarvadarzI paramAtmA bana ge| vahAM se calakara ve rAjagRha ke bAhara sthita vipulAcala parvata para phuNce| vahAM unhoMne zrAvaNa kRSNA pratipadA ke dina apanA prathama dharmopadeza diyA / unakA upadeza sarvagrAhya ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM huaa| yahI unakA prathama dharmacakra pravartana thA / (tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne kisI naye dharma kA pravartana nahIM kiyA thA, balki pUrva tIrthaMkaroM dvArA pravartita dharma kA hI punaruddhAra kiyA thA unakI dharmasabhA samavazaraNa kahalAtI thI / jahA~ jana samudAya ko binA kisI varNa, varga, jAti, liMga Adi ke bhedabhAva ke kalyANakArI upadeza diyA jAtA thaa| iMdrabhUti agnibhUti, vAyubhUti, Aryavyakta, sudharma, maNDika putra, maurya putra, akaMpita, acala, maitreya aura prabhAsa unake gyAraha gaNadhara yA pradhAna ziSya the / mahAsatI caMdanA unake arjikA/ sAdhvI saMgha kI pradhAna thI / samrATa zreNika unake pradhAna zrotA the tathA mahArAjJI celanA zrAvaka saMgha kI netrI thiiN| isa prakAra unhoMne muni, AryikA zrAvaka, zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA kii| jisameM sabhI vargoM / jAtiyoM ke loga sammilita the| tIsa varSoM taka deza dezAMtaroM meM vihAra karake unhoMne loka mukti kI rAha dikhaaii| aneka rAjyoM kI rAjadhAniyoM meM unakA vihAra huA aura tAtkAlIna rAjA-mahArAjAoM meM adhikAMza unake upadezoM se prabhAvita hue| unameM se anekoM ne zramaNa dIkSA grahaNa kara AtmA sAdhanA kI / lAkhoM loga unake ahiMsA, saMyama, samatA aura anekAMta mUlaka upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara anuyAyI bane / bhAratavarSa meM prAyaH pratyeka bhAga meM mahAvIra ke anuyAyI the| bhArata ke bAhara bhI gAMdhAra, kapisA, pArasIka Adi dezoM meM unake bhakta the / aMta meM 72 varSa kI avasthA meM kArtika kRSNa amAvasyA (15 akTUbara, maMgalavAra IsA pUrva 527) ke dina prAtaHkAla brahma muhUrta meM madhyama pAvAnagara ke kamala sarovara ke madhya sthita dvIpAkAra sthala pradeza se unhoMne nirvANa lAbha prApta kiyaa| usa sthAna para Aja bhI eka vizAla maMdira banA huA hai, jo hameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa kA smaraNa dilAtA hai /

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jaina itihAsa-eka jhalaka / 41 ahisA, anekAta, samatA aura karmavAda rUpadharma catuSTaya hI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA sAra hai| saiddhAtika tathA vyavahArika donoM dRSTiyoM se ahisA kA jitanA vyApaka rUpa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pradAna kiyA, sabhavatayA utanA kisI anya dharmopadeSTA ne nahIM diyA / jaina dharma ko usake atima vikasita rUpa dene kA zreya atima tIrthakara mahAvIra ko hI hai| isa prakAra RSabhadeva se mahAvIra taka jaina dharma kI isa aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi ko dekhane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina dharma bhArata kA prAcInatama dharma rahA hai aura usane vyA samAja,rASTra aura vizva kI ekatA eva vikAsa kI dRSTi se jo siddhAMta pratipAdita kiyA hai ve Aja bhI utane hI prAsagika aura upayogI haiM jitane usa samaya the| mahAvIra ke bAda jaina dharma bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANoparAta unake pradhAna gaNadhara gautama jaina sagha ke nAyaka bane / mahAvIra kA ziSyatva grahaNa karane ke parva vaha veda-vedAgoM ke jJAtA prakADa brAhmaNa paDita the| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke dina hI inhe zAma ko kevala jJAna prApta huaa| 12 varSa taka sagha inake netRtva meM rahA / tatpazcAt mahAvIra savat 12 (I pU 515) me nirvANa ko prApta hue| unake bAda sudharmAcArya ko kevala jJAna prApta huaa| 11 varSoM taka sagha inake netRtva meM rhaa| unake nirvANa ke uparAta jaba svAmI sagha ke nAyaka bne| ye capA nagarI ke eka koTayAdhIza zreSThi ke patra the aura mahAvIra svAmI ke prabhAva se ziSya ho gae the| inhone 39 varSa taka dharma pravacana diyA aura ata me mathurA caurAsI nAmaka sthAna para unhone nirvANa lAbha prApta kiyaa| unake pazcAt kramaza viSNu kumAra, nandi putra, aparAjita,govardhana aura bhadrabAhu ye pA~ca zrutakevalI hue, jinake netRtva me sagha claa| ina pA~co kA kAlayoga 100 varSa hotA hai| inhe sapUrNa zruta kA jJAna thaa| iname atima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kA jaina dharma ke itihAsa me mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| inake pUrva samasta jaina sagha akhaDa aura abhibhakta thA kitu inakI mRtyu ke uparAta sAdhuo me matabheda, saghabheda, gaNabheda Adi prArabha ho ge| digabara aura zvetAbara rUpa vibhAjana kA bIjAropaNa bhI yahI para huA thaa| zvetAMbara mata kA prArdubhAva uparyukta matabhedAdika kA sabase bar3A kAraNa madhyadeza ko grasane vAlA 12 varSIya mahAdurbhikSa thaa| AcArya bhadrabAhu nimitta jJAnI the| ata unhone bhAvI saMkaTa ko jAnakara saMpUrNa sagha ko dakSiNa bhArata kI ora vihAra karane kA Adeza diyaa| unake netRtva meM zramaNa saMgha kA bahubhAga dakSiNa bhArata ko prasthAna kara gayA / maurya samrATa cadragupta bhI unase dIkSA dhAraNa kara dakSiNa kI ora cale gae the| apanA ata samaya nikaTa jAnakara AcArya bhadrabAhu karnATaka ke zravaNa belagolA ke kaTavapra nAmaka pahAr3I para ruka gaye tathA samasta saMgha ko cola, pAMDaya Adi pradezoM kI ora jAne kA adeza diyaa| vahAM unhoMne samAdhimaraNa pUrvaka deha tyAga kiyaa| navadIkSita samrATa caMdragupta bhI unake sAtha the| muni caMdragupta ne bhI vahAM tapasyA kI, jisake kAraNa usa pahAr3I kA nAma caMdragiri par3a gyaa| isa Azaya kA chaThI zatAbdI kA eka

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42 / jaina dharma aura darzana zilAlekha vahAM milA hai, jisake AdhAra para vidvAnoM ne caMdragupta ko jaina muni honA svIkAra kiyA hai| udhara AcArya sthUlabhadra (zAMti AcArya) ke netRtva meM eka saMgha uttara bhArata meM hI ruka gayA thaa| durbhikSa ke durdinoM meM ve apanI kaThora caryA/niyama saMyama, AcAra-vicAra ko AgamAnukUla surakSita nahIM rakha ske| unameM aneka prakAra kA zithilAcAra praviSTa ho gyaa| pariNAmataH vastra, pAtra, AvaraNa, daMDa Adi bhI unase jur3a ge| isa prakAra samaya bItane para jaba subhikSa ho gayA to sthUlabhadra AcArya ne unase kahA ki "apane kutsita AcaraNa ko chor3akara apanI niMdA gardA pUrvaka phira se muniyoM kA zreSTha AcaraNa grahaNa kara lo|", kiMtu bahuta prayAsa karane ke uparAMta bhI ve bar3hate hue zithilAcAra ko nahIM roka sake aura isI samaya se jaina saMgha do bhAgoM meM baMTanA prAraMbha ho gyaa| pahalA saMgha mUla Agama ke anusAra AcaraNa karane vAlA thA, vaha mUla saMgha kahalAyA tathA dUsarA saMgha zithilAcArI sAdhuoM kA thA,jo Age calakara IsavI san kI prathama zatAbdI meM zvetAMbara mata ke janaka bane / prAraMbha meM zithilAcArI sAdhuoM ne apanI nagnatA ko chipAne ke lie ekamAtra khaMDa vastra rakhA, jise ve apanI kalAI para laTakA lete the, isalie ve arddhaphAlaka khlaae| mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIlA se prApta eka zilA paTTa para (ayAgapaTTa) eka aise hI sAdhu kA citra aMkita hai,jo apane hAtha para vastra laTakAe hue hai tathA zeSa zarIra nagna hai| Age calakara usa vastra ko dhAge dvArA kaTi meM bAMdhA jAne lgaa| phira laMgoTa kA prayoga hone lgaa| dhIre-dhIre saMpUrNa vastra prayoga hone lgaa| vastroM ke sAtha pAtra Adi caudaha upakaraNoM kA bhI vidhAna hone lgaa| vastradhArI sAdhu zvetAMbara tathA mUla Agama ke anusAra caryA karane vAle nirvastra sAdhu digaMbara khlaae| zvetAMbarAcArya haribhadra sUri ke saMbodha prakaraNa se prakaTa hotA hai ki vikrama kI 7vIM,8vIM zatAbdI taka zvetAMbara sAdhu bhI eka kaTi vastra hI rakhate the tathA jo sAdhu usa Ti vastra kA niSkAraNa upayoga karatA thA vaha kusAdhu mAnA jAtA thA, kitu Age calakara vastra pAtrAdi kA joradAra samarthana kiyA gyaa| isa krama meM sarvaprathama jaMbU svAmI ke kAla se jina kalpa ke viccheda kA mithaka racakara usa ora bar3hane vAle sAdhakoM ko rokA gayA tathA prAcIna AgamoM meM ullikhita acela nAgnya jaise spaSTa zabdoM ke artha meM bhI parivartana kara DAlA gyaa| isa prakAra ukta vastra hI digaMbara aura zvetAMbara rUpa saMgha bheda kA sabase bar3A kAraNa bnaa| isa saMdarbha meM prasiddha zvetAMbara vidvAna paMDita vecaradAsajI dozI kA nimna kathana bar3A 1 zvetAbara sAdhu ke caudaha upakaraNa 1 patra 2 pAtra badha 3 pAtra sthApana 4 pAtra pramArjanikA 5 paTala 6 rajasvANa 7 gucchaka 8-9 do cAdare 10 UnI vasva 11. rajoharaNa 12 mukha vastrikA 13 mAtraka 14 cola paTTaka / yaha upadhi audhika arthAt sAmAnya mAnI gyii| Age jAkara jo upakaraNa bar3hAye gaye ve 'aupagrahika' khlaae| aupagrahika upadhi me sastAraka, uttarapaTTaka, daDAsana aura daDa ye khAsa ullekhanIya hai| ye saba upakaraNa Aja ke zvetAbara jaina muni rakhate hai| -jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 474 2 kovo na kuNai loya lajjaI paDimAI jalla muvnnoii| sovAhaNo ya hiDaI badhai kaDi paTTa makajje // -saMbodha prakaraNa, pR. 14 arthAt klIva durbala zramaNa loca nahI karate, pratimA vahana karate samaya zarmAte haiM, zarIra para kA mala utArate haiM. pairo meM jUtA pahanakara calate hai aura binA prayojana kaTivastra bAdhate hai|

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jaina itihAsa-eka jhalaka/43 saTIka mAlUma par3atA hai ki "kisI vaidya ne saMgrahaNI ke rogI ko davA ke rUpa meM aphIma sevana kI salAha dI thI kiMtu roga dUra hone para bhI jaise use aphIma kI lata par3a jAtI hai aura vaha use nahIM chor3anA cAhatA, vaisI hI dazA isa apavAdika vastra kI huii| digaMbaratva kI prAcInatA bhagavAna mahAvIra se AcArya bhadrabAhu ke kAla taka saMpUrNa jaina saMgha nirmatha saMga kahalAtA thA tathA usa samaya sabhI sAdhu digaMbara hI rahate the| paMDita kailAzacaMdajI siddhAMta zAstrI ne 'jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa' nAmaka graMtha meM isa viSaya para paryApta prakAza DAlA hai| aneka itihAsajJa, vidvAnoM ne bhI ise svIkAra karate hue yaha mata vyakta kiyA hai ki AcArya bhadrabAhu ke samaya par3ane vAle mahAdurbhikSa ke kAraNa hI nirmatha saMgha digaMbara aura zvetAMbara do saMpradAyoM meM vibhakta huaa| prAcIna sAhitya ke anveSaNa zilAlekhIya sAkSyoM evaM purAtAtvika sAmagrI ke AdhAra 1 jaina sAhitya me vikAra pR40 2 (ka) digabara sapradAya ke viSaya me agrejI vizvakoSakAra nimna kathana vizeSa bodhaprada hai"The Jains are divided into two great parties Digmbers or sky clad ones and the Swetambers or the white robed ones The latter have only as yet been traced and that doubtfully as far back as the 5th century after chirst the former are almost certaintly The same as the Nirganthas who are reffered to in numerous passage of Buddheit Pali Pitarkas and must therefore he at least as old as 6th century BC The Nirganthas are reffered to in one of Ashoka's edicts" -Vide Ency. Brit. Eleventh, Vol. 15, Page 127 (kha) Ara sI majumadAra ne likhA hai "jaba bhadrabAhu ke anuyAyI magadha me lauTe to eka bar3A vivAda uTha khar3A huaa| niyamAnusAra jaina mAdhu nagna rahate the kitu magadha ke jaina sAdhuo ne sapheda vastra dhAraNa karanA prArabha kara diyA / dakSiNa bhArata se lauTe hue jaina sAdhuo ne isakA virodha kiyA, kyoki ve pUrNa nagnatA ko mahAvIra kI zikSAo kA Avazyaka bhAga mAnate the| virodha kA zAta honA asabhava pAyA gayA aura isa taraha zvetAbara (jisake sAdhu sapheda vastra dhAraNa karate hai) aura digabara (jisake sAdhu ekadara nagna rahate haiM) sapradAya utpanna hue| jaina samAja Aja bhI dono mapradAyo meM vibhAjita hai| -prAcIna bhArata, pR. 149 (ga) kebija hisTrI meM bhadrabAhu ke dakSiNa gamana kA nirdeza karake Age likhA hai "yaha samaya jaina saMgha ke lie durbhAgyapUrNa pratIta hotA hai aura imame koI madeha nahI hai ki IsvI pUrva 300 ke lagabhaga mahAna sagha bheda kA udbhava huA, jisane jaina sagha ko zvetAbara aura digabara mapradAyoM meM vibhAjita kara diyA / dakSiNa se lauTe hue sAdhuo ne, jinhone durbhikSa ke kAla me bar3I kar3AI ke sAtha apane niyamoM kA pAlana kiyA thA, magadha me raha gae apane anya sAthI sAdhuo ke AcAra se asatoSa prakaTa kiyA tathA unhe mithyA vizvAsI aura anuzAsanahIna ghoSita kiyaa|" -kebija hisTrI oNpha iMDiyA ka. hi. (saMskaraNa 1955), pR. 147 (gha) vizvezvaranAtha reNu ne likhA hai-"kucha samaya bAda jaba akAla nivRtta ho gayA aura karnATaka se jaina loga vApisa lauTe taba unhoMne dekhA ki magadha ke jaina mAdhu pIche se nizcita kie gae dharma graMthoM ke anusAra zveta vastra pahanane lage, paratu karnATaka se lauTane vAle sAdhuoM ne isa bAta ko nahIM mAnA / isase vastra pahanane vAle sAdhu zvetAbara aura nagna rahane vAle sAdhu digabara khlaae| -bhArata ke prAcIna rAjavaMza, pR. 41

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44 / jaina dharma aura darzana para bhI digaMbaroM kI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai| jitanI bhI prAcIna pratimAeM milI haiM vaha saba digaMbara rUpa meM hI haiN| svayaM zvetAMbara graMthoM meM yaha ullekha milatA hai ki tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva aura mahAvIra ne digaMbara dharma kA upadeza diyA thaa| una graMthoM meM digaMbara veza ko anya vezoM se zreSTha batAte hue yaha bhI kahA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne nigraMtha zramaNa aura digaMbaratva kA pratipAdana kiyA thA aura AgAmI tIrthakara bhI usakA hI pratipAdana kreNge|' vaidika sAhitya aura bauddha graMthoM meM digaMbara muniyoM ke rUpa meM hI jaina dharma kA ullekha huA hai| vedoM meM vAtarasanA muniyoM ke rUpa meM to digaMbara muniyoM kA ullekha milatA hI hai| upaniSadoM meM digaMbaroM ko 'yathAjAta rUpadharo nigraMthoM niSparigrahaH zukla dhyAna parAyaNaH' likhA hai| hiMdU padmapurANa meM nirmatha sAdhuoM ko nagna kahA hai| vahAM jaina dharma kI utpatti kI kathA batAte hue kahA hai ki digaMbara muni dvArA jaina dharma kI utpatti huii| vAyu purANa meM jaina muniyoM ko nagnatA ke kAraNa zrAddhakarma meM AdarzanIya kahA hai| TIkAkAra utpala aura sAyaNa ne bhI nigraMthoM ko nagna kSapaNaka mAnA hai|' bauddha graMthoM meM bhI nirgratho ko acelaka batAyA hai| vizAkhavatthu dhammapadaTTha kathA meM niryatha sAdhu kA varNana nagna rUpa meM milatA hai| dAr3hA vaMzoM meM nimrathoM ko nagnatA ke kAraNa ahirikA (adarzanIya) kahA hai| isI prakAra dIrghanikAya majjhima nikAya mahAvagga Adi bauddha graMthoM meM bhI nirgrathoM ke rUpa meM digaMbara sAdhuoM kA ullekha milatA hai| ina ullekhoM se spaSTa hai ki prAcIna kAla meM jaina sAdhu nirmatha kahalAte the| aura ve nagna rahate the| zilAlekhIya sAkSyoM se bhI isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai| samrATa azoka ke dharma lekhoM meM niggaMtha (nirmatha) sAdhuoM kA ullekha hai| jinakA artha pro. janArdana bhaTTa nagnajaina sAdhu karate haiN| pAMcavI zatAbdI meM kadaMba vaMzI nareza mRgeza varmA ne upane eka tAmrapatra meM arhata bhagavAna aura zvetAMbara mahAzramaNa saMgha tathA nirgatha arthAta digabara mahAzramaNa saMgha ke upabhoga 1 "sajahAnAmae ajjomae samaNANa niggathANa naggabhAve muDa bhAve aNhANae adatavaNe acchattae aNuvAhaNae bhUmisejjA phalaga sejjA kaTThasejjA kesaloe babhacerabAse laddhAbaladdha vittAo jAva paNNatAo evAmeva mahA paumevi arahA samaNANa NiggathANa naggabhAve jAva laddhAbaladdha vittAo jAva pannavehitti / arthAt bhagavAna mahAvIra kahate hai ki zramaNa nigraMtha ko nagnabhAva, muDabhAva, asnAna, chatra nahI karanA, pagarakhI nahI pahananA, bhUmi zaiyA, kezaloca, brahmacarya pAlana, anya ke gRha me bhikSArtha jAnA AhAra kI vRtti jaise maiMne kahI vaise mahApadya arahata bhI khege| -ThANA, pR. 813/dekheM di. di. muni, pR. 48-49 2 yathAjAta rUpa dharo niryatho niSparigraha zukladhyAna parAyaNa / -sUtra 6, jAvAlopaniSada 3 "arhato devatA yatra nirgratho gururucyate" -hiMda pA purANa 4 vRhaspati sAhAyyArtha viSNunA mAyAmoha samuppAda vama. digabareNa mAyAmohane daityAna prati jaina dharmopadeza dAnavAnA mAyA moha mohitAnA guruNA dharma dIkSA dAnama / 5. di di muni, 59 6 (ka) nirgratho nagna. kSapaNakaH ___ (kha) kathA kopInottarA sagAdinAma tyAginA, yathAjAta rUpadharA niryathA niSparigrahA iti savarta zrutiH / 7. didi muni, pR 50 8. didi muni, pR 46 se 59 9. azoka ke dharma lekha, pR 327

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jaina itihAsa-eka jhalaka / 45 ke lie kAlavaMga nAmaka gAMva ko bheMTa karane kA ullekha kiyA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki usa kAla ke zvetAMbara bhI apane ko nipaMtha na kahakara digaMbara saMgha ko hI nipaMtha mAnate the| yadi aisA nahIM thA to ve svayaM ko zvetapaTa tathA digaMbaroM ko nirghatha na likhane dete|' ukta saMdarbho meM digaMbaratva kI prAcInatA nirvivAda rUpa se siddha hotI hai| digaMbara aura zvetAMbara mAnyatAoM meM bheda digaMbara aura zvetAMbara donoM saMpradAyoM meM saiddhAMtika rUpa se koI vizeSa bheda nahIM hai / jo kucha bhI hai usameM adhikAMza vyAvahArika rUpa meM hI hai| donoM hI saMpradAya ahiMsA aura anekAMtavAda kA anusaraNa karate haiN| AtmA-paramAtmA, mokSa aura saMsAra Adi ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM bhI koI bheda nahIM hai| sAta tattvoM kA svarUpa bhI donoM paraMparAoM meM eka-sA hI varNita hai| kucha paribhASAoM ko chor3akara karma siddhAMta meM bhI koI maulika bheda nahIM hai / jo kucha bhI bheda hai vaha AcAragata zithilatA ke kAraNa hI utpanna huA hai| apanI isI zithilAcAra para AvaraNa DAlane ke lie aneka kalpita kathAoM ko gar3hakara strI mukti kI kalpanA kI gayI tathA savastra mukti ko saiddhAMtika rUpa diyA gyaa| svayaM zvetAMbara Agama ke prAcIna graMthoM meM aneka sthaloM para unake ukta kalpita siddhAMtoM se virodha AtA hai| isa viSaya meM paM. vecaradAsajI dozI dvArA racita 'jaina sAhitya meM vikAra' tathA paM. ajita kumAra zAstrI kRta 'zvetAMbara mata samIkSA' dRSTavya hai| vahAM unhoMne isa viSaya para paryApta prakAza DAlA hai| nIce yahAM kacha zvetAMbara mAnyatAoM kA ullekha karate haiM, jo digaMbara mAnyatA ke viruddha ThaharatI haiM zvetAMbara digaMbara 1. kevalI kavalAhAra (bhojana) karate haiM nahIM karate haiM kevalI ko nIhAra hotA hai nahIM hotA hai savastra mukti ho sakatI hai mukti ke lie digaMbara honA anivArya hai strI mukti prApta kara sakatI hai. nahIM kara sakatI hai gRhastha veza meM mukti saMbhava nahIM,mAdhu honA anivArya hai marUdevI ko hAthI para car3he hI mukti gamana asaMbhava bharata cakravartI ko bhavana meM hI kevala jJAna asaMbhava 8. vastrAbhUSaNoM se susajjita pratimA kI pUjA pUrNataH digaMbara aura vItarAga pratimA hI pUjA yogya muniyoM ke vastra pAtrAdi 14 upakaraNa nagna digaMbara rahate haiM 10. tIrthaMkara mallinAtha kA strI honA strI tIrthakara nahIM ho sakatI kadambanA zrI vijaya zivamRgeza varmA kAlavaga grAma tridhA vibhajya dattavAn atrapUrvamarhacchAlA parama-puSkalasthAna nivAsibhya: bhagavadahammahAjinendra devatAbhya ekobhAga: dvitIyohatprokta saddharmakaraNa parasya zvetapaTa mahAzramaNasaghopabhogAya tRtIyo niryatha mahAzramaNa saghopabhegAyeti / jaihi. bhA. pR. 229

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46 / jaina dharma aura darzana 11. bhagavAna mahAvIra kA garbha parivartana haA yaha kalpanA hai 12. mahAvIra kA vivAha evaM kanyA kA janma nahIM huA 13. muniyoM kA aneka gRhoM se bhikSA grahaNa eka dina meM eka hI bAra 14. munigaNa aneka bAra bhojana grahaNa karate haiM eka hI sthAna meM khar3e-khar3e apane hAtha meM lete haiM 15. mahAvIra svAmI ko tejolezyA nahIM 16. gyAraha aMgoM kI maujUdagI aMga jJAna kA lopa ho cukA uttarakAlIna paMtha bheda mUlataH digaMbara aura zvetAMbara saMpradAya ke rUpa meM vibhAjita jaina saMgha samaya-samaya meM aneka gaNa gacchAdi ke rUpa meM vibhAjita hotA rahA paraMtu inase jaina mAnyatAoM evaM muni AcAra meM koI vizeSa parivartana nahIM AyA / yahI kAraNa hai ki unameM se adhikAMza kA Aja nAma zeSa raha gayA hai| jinakA paricaya hameM zAstroM se milatA hai| uttara kAla meM donoM saMpradAyoM meM kucha paMtha bheda avazya hae jo Aja bhI apane kisI na kisI rUpa meM astitva meM hai| ataH vistAra bhaya se unakA saMkSipta paricaya dete haiN| digaMbara saMpradAya bhaTTAraka saMpradAya : prAraMbha meM sabhI jaina sAdhu vanoM aura upavanoM meM nivAsa karate the tathA varSAvAsa ko chor3akara zeSa kAla meM ve eka sthAna para adhika nahIM Thaharate the| mAtra AhAra caryA hetu hI ve zaharoM meM Ate the| dhIre-dhIre cauthI-pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM inameM caityavAsa (maMdira nivAsa) kI pravRtti bddh'ii| yaha pravRtti dono saMpradAyoM meM eka sAtha baDhI, jisake phalasvarUpa zvetAMbara saMpradAya meM vanavAsI aura caityavAsI gaccha ke rUpa me muniyo ke do bheda ho ge| kitu digaMbara saMpradAya meM isa prakAra kA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| phira bhI yaha nizcita hai ki unameM bhI caityavAsa kI pravRtti ho calI thii| prAraMbha meM caityavAsa kA pramukha uddezya siddhAMta graMthoM kA paThana-pAThana aura sRjana kA thA kitu Age calakara vana-upavana ko chor3akara inameM nagaravAsa kI ora jhukAva bar3hatA gyaa| phira bhI inakI mUlacaryA meM koI aMtara nahIM aayaa| AcArya guNabhadra (navamI sadI) ne muniyoM ke nagarAvAsa ko dekhakara kheda prakaTa kiyA paraMtu bar3hatI huI caityavAsa kI pravRtti ko eka varga vizeSa ne apane jIvana kA sthAyI AdhAra banA liyaa| ye hI Age calakara madhya kAla ke Ate-Ate bhaTTAraka saMpradAya ke janaka bane / inake kAraNa aneka maMdira bhaTTArakoM kI gaddiyAM evaM maTha Adi sthApita ho gae tathA inameM caityavAsI sAdhu maThAdhIza banakara sthAyI rUpa se rahane lge| inakA jhukAva parigraha aura upabhoga ke sAdhanoM kI ora dikhAI dene lgaa| zvetAMbara saMpradAya meM to yaha pravRtti pahale se hI pAyI jAtI thii| paraMtu digaMbara saMpradAya kA yaha varga bhI aba vastra kI ora AkarSita hone lgaa| isakA prAraMbha basaMta kIrti (13vIM sadI) dvArA mAMDava durga (mAMDalagar3ha rAjasthAna) meM kiyA gyaa|

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jaina itihAsa -- eka jhalaka / 47 bhaTTAraka prathA bhI lagabhaga yahIM se prAraMbha huii| yahAM yaha vizeSa ullekhanIya hai ki digaMbara bhaTTAraka nagna rUpa ko pUjya mAnate the aura digaMbara mUrtiyoM kA hI nirmANa karAte the / sAtha hI yathA avasara digaMbara mudrA bhI dhAraNa karate the| ye maThAdhIza banakara rahate the tathA vahIM se ye tIrthoM evaM maThoM kI samasta gatividhiyoM kA saMcAlana karate the / pIThAdhIza bhaTTArakoM ke uttarAdhikArI hI ina maThoM ke svAmI hote the / isa prakAra bhaTTArakoM ke AcAra meM kucha zaithilya to AyA kitu dUsarI ora usase eka bar3A lAbha yaha huA ki ina bhaTTAraka gaddiyoM aura maThoM meM vizAla zAstra bhaMDAroM se yukta aneka vidyA keMdra sthApita ho ge| madhyakAlIna sAhitya kA sRjana prAyaH isI prakAra ke keMdroM meM huA / isI upayogitA ke kAraNa bhaTTAraka gaddiyAM prAyaH sabhI pramukha nagaroM meM sthApita ho gayIM aura maMdiroM meM bhI acchA zAstra bhaMDAra rahane lgaa| yahIM se prAcIna zAstroM kI lipi pratilipi karAkara vibhinna keMdroM meM Adana pradAna kiyA jAne lgaa| Aja bhI bhaTTAraka yuga meM pratilipi karAe gae aneka prAcIna graMtha jayapura, jaisalamera, IDara, kAraMjA, mUr3habadrI, kolhApura Adi ke bar3e-bar3e zAstra bhaMDAroM meM surakSita hai| jaina saMgha aura saMpradAya ko bhaTTArakoM kI yaha dena avismaraNIya hai / Aja bhaTTArakoM kA lagabhaga abhAva-sA ho gayA hai| mAtra dakSiNa bhArata ke kucha pramukha sthAnoM para bhaTTArakoM kI gaddiyAM evaM maTha haiM jinameM rahane vAle bhaTTAraka una tIrthoM kI samasta gatividhiyoM kA saMcAlana karate haiM tathA utkRSTa zrAvaka ke rUpa meM mAne jAte haiM / teraha paMtha aura bIsa paMtha - isI bhaTTAraka paraMparA ke virodha meM vikrama kI satrahavIM zadI meM paM. banArasIdAsa ne eka nae paMtha ko janma diyA jo teraha paMtha kahalAyA / inheM apane Apako teraha paMtha kahane para bhaTTArakoM ke anuyAyiyoM ne apane Apako bIsa paMthI kahanA prAraMbha kara diyaa| donoM paMthoM meM 'teraha' aura 'bIsa' kI saMkhyA ke jur3ane kI samasyA Aja taka anasulajhI hai / aneka vidvAnoM ne isa saMbaMdha meM aneka prakAra kI upapattiyAM dI haiN| isa sabaMdha meM paM. jagamohanalAlajI kI yaha upapatti kucha hada taka ThIka jaMcatI hai| inake anusAra "usa samaya deza meM bhaTTArakoM kI bIsa pramukha gaddiyAM thiiN| unheM apanA guru mAnane vAle bIsa paMthI kahalAeM tathA jo teraha prakAra ke cAritra kA pAlana karane vAle zuddhAcArI muniyoM ke upAsaka the ve teraha paMthI kahalAye / vastutaH teraha paMtha aura bIsa paMtha meM koI khAsa bheda nahIM hai, mAtra pUjA paddhati meM hI aMtara hai| bIsa paMthI bhagavAna kI pUjA meM phala, phUla Adi car3hAte haiM jabaki teraha paMthI unheM nahIM car3hAkara cAvala Adi sUkhe padArtha hI car3hAte haiM / tAraNa paMtha : paMdrahavIM zatAbdI meM jisa samaya muslima AkrAMtAoM ne jaina mUrtikalA aura sthApatya para kAphI AghAta pahuMcA diyA thA usI samaya eka tAraNa taraNa nAmaka vyakti ne isa paMtha ko janma diyaa| jo Age calakara saMta tAraNa ke nAma se khyAta hue| yaha paMtha mUrti pUjA ke virodha meM utpanna huaa| saMta tAraNa taraNa ke dvArA prarUpita hone ke kAraNa yaha paMtha tAraNa paMtha ke nAma se khyAta huA / saMta tAraNa ne 14 graMthoM kI racanA kI / inake anuyAyI mUrti pUjA nahIM karate the / ye apane caityAlayoM meM virAjamAna zAstroM kI pUjA karate haiN| inake yahAM saMta tAraNa dvArA racita graMthoM ke atirikta digaMbara jainAcAryoM ke graMthoM kI bhI 1 bhaTTAraka sapradAya vidyAdhara joharA purakara vizeSa ke lie dekheM-- jaina sagha aura sapradAya (tIrthakara mahAvIra smRti graMtha, gvAliyara)

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48 / jaina dharma aura darzana mAnyatA hai| saMta tAraNa kA prabhAva madhya prAMta ke hI kucha kSetroM taka sImita rahA, jahAM inake anuyAyI Aja bhI hai| inakI saMkhyA digaMbaroM kI apekSA atyalpa hai| ima prakAra digaMbara saMpradAya meM paMtha bheda hone ke bAda bhI unameM kisI prakAra kA vidveSa, vaiSamya nahIM pAyA jaataa| saba eka dUsare se ghule-mile haiN| inakI AcAra paraMparA lagabhaga eka-mI hai| sabhI digaMbara pratimA tathA tIrthoM ko Adarza mAnate haiM tathA digaMbara guruoM kI upAsanA karate haiN| digaMbara jaina pUre bhAratavarSa ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM phaile hue haiN| usameM bhI madhya pradeza, uttara pradeza, hariyANA, dillI, rAjasthAna tathA dakSiNa meM mahArASTra evaM karnATaka digaMbara jainiyoM ke gar3ha haiN| isake atirikta bihAra, baMgAla, asama evaM gujarAta meM bhI digaMbara jainoM kI kAphI makhyA hai| zvetAMbara saMpradAya zvetAMbara saMgha meM nimnalikhita pradhAna saMpradAya utpanna hae caitya vAsa : lagabhaga cauthI-pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM zvetAMbara maMpradAya meM vanavAsI sAdhuoM ke viruddha eka caityavAmI saMpradAya khar3A ho gyaa| isa saMpradAya ke sAdhu vanoM ko chor3akara caityoM/maMdiroM meM nivAsa karane lage tathA graMtha saMgraha ke lie Avazyaka dravya bhI rakhane lge| isI ke poSaNa meM unhoMne nigama nAmaka zAstroM kI bhI racanA kii| haribhadra sUri ne apane saMbodha prakaraNa meM ina caityavAsI sAdhuoM kI kar3I AlocanA kI hai| samaya-samaya para ina donoM samudAyoM ke bIca zAstrArthoM aura vivAdoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai|' caityavAsI 45 AgamoM ko svIkAra karate haiN| zvetAbaro meM Aja jo 'jatI' yA 'zrIpajya' kahalAte hai.ve maThavAsI yA caityavAsI zAkhA kI hI saMtAna hai tathA jo savaMgI mani kahalAte haiM ve vanavAsI zAkhA ke haiN| saMvegI apane ko suvihita mArgI yA vidhi mArga kA anuyAyI kahate haiN| sthAnakavAsI : sthAnakavAsI saMpradAya kI utpatti caityavAsI saMpradAya ke virodha meM huii| paMdrahavIM zatAbdI meM ahamadAbAdavAsI muni jJAnazrI ke ziSya 'lokAzAha' isa paMtha ke janaka bane / unhoMne mUrti-pUjA eva sAdhu samAja meM pracalita AcAra-vicAra ko Agama viruddha batAkara unakA virodha kiyaa| ise lokAgaccha nAma diyA gyaa| uttarakAla meM sUrata nivAsI eka sAdhu ne lokAgaccha kI AcArya paraparA meM kucha sudhAra kara duDhiyA mata kI sthApanA kii| __ lokAgaccha ke sabhI anuyAyI isa saMpradAya meM sammilita ho ge| ye loga apanA dhArmika kriyA-karma maMdiro meM na karake sthAnakoM (guruoM ke nivAsa sthAna) yA upAzraya meM karate haiN| isIlie inheM sthAnakavAmI kahA jAtA hai| isa saMpradAya ko sAdhumArgI saMpradAya bhI kahate haiN| ye loga tIrthayAtrAoM meM vizeSa vizvAsa nahIM rakhate haiN| inake sAdhu zveta vastra pahanate haiM tathA mukha para paTTI bAMdhate haiN| inake yahAM 32 AgamoM kI hI mAnyatA hai| terA paMtha : sthAnakavAsI saMpradAya ke sAdhuoM meM Age calakara kucha zithilatA Ane lgii| AcAra-vicAra meM bar3hatI huI zithilatA ke kAraNa zrAvakoM meM usakI tIkhI pratikriyA hone lagI tathA bhikSuoM ke prati zrAvakoM kI zraddhA bhI DagamagAne lagI thii| yaha saba dekhakara 1 dekhe, jaina dharma, pa kailAzacadra, pR 318

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jaina itihAsa-eka jhalaka/49 sthAnakavAsI saMpradAya meM hI dIkSita AcArya 'bhikSu' (janma 1783 kaMTAliyAM, jodhapura) ne vi. saM. 1817 caitra zukla navamI ke dina apane pRthak saMgha kI sthApanA kara lii| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki isa avasara para unake sAtha teraha sAdhu aura teraha zrAvaka the| isI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para isa saMpradAya kA nAma terA paMtha rakha diyA gyaa| kucha loga terA paMtha se yaha Azaya bhI nikalate haiM ki bhagavAna yaha tumhArA hI mArga hai jisa para hama cala rahe haiN| sthAnakavAsI saMpradAya kI taraha isa saMpradAya meM bhI 32 AgamoM ko hI prAmANika mAnA jAtA hai / isa saMpradAya meM eka hI AcArya hotA hai aura usI kA nirNaya aMtima rUpa se mAnya hotA hai| isaprakAramUrtipUjaka-maMdiramArgI,sthAnakavAsI auraterApaMthanAmakatInasaMpradAyoM meM vibhakta zvetAMbara saMpradAya bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM phailA huA hai / gujarAta,rAjasthAna evaM paMjAba meM inakI vizeSa saMkhyA hai| phira bhI digaMbara jainoM kI apekSA inakI saMkhyA AdhI se bhI kama hai| - -- - -- digambaratva kI pratiSThA jaina paramparA meM hI nahIM anya dhArmika paramparAoM meM bhI utkRSTatama sAdhakoM ke lie digambaratva kI hI pratiSThA prApta hotI rahI hai| prAgaitihAsika evaM prAgvaidika siMdhu ghATI sabhyatA ke mohanajodar3oM se prApta kAyotsarga digambara muniyoM ke aMkana se yukta mRNamudrAeM milI haiM, aura har3appA ke avazeSoM meM to eka digambara yogimUrti kA dhar3a bhI milA hai| svayaM Rgveda meM "vAtarasanA" (digambara) muniyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| kRSNa yajurvedIya taittarIya araNyaka meM ukta vAtarazanA muniyoM ko zramaNadharmA evaM Udhvaretasa (brahmacarya se yukta) batAyA hai| zrImadbhagavat meM bhI vAtarazanA muniyoM ke ullekha hai| tathA usameM va anya aneka brAhmaNIya purANoM meM nAbheya RSabha ko viSNu kA eka prAraMbhika avatAra sUcita karate hue unheM digambara hI citrita kiyA gayA hai| aise ullekhoM para se sva. DA. maMgaladeva zAstrI kA abhimata hai ki "vAtarazanA zramaNa" eka prAgvaidika muni paramparA thI, jisakA prabhAva vaidika dhArA para spaSTa hai aura jisakA abhiprAya jaina muniyoM se hI rahA pratIta hotA hai| kaI upaniSadoM, purANoM, smRtiyoM, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata Adi aneka brAhmaNIya dharmagraMthoM va vRhat saMhitAdi laukika graMthoM aura klAsikala saMskRta sAhitya meM bhI bahadhA digambara maniyoM ke ullekha evaM digambaratva ko pratiSThA prApta hai / rAjarSi bhartRhari likhate haiM ekAkI nispRhaH zAntaH pANipAtro digambara: kadA zambho bhaviSyAmi karma nirmalana kSamaH // 59 vairAgya zataka -DaoN jyoti prasAda jaina 'AsthA aura cintana' se jaina dharma eva usake vibhinna saMghoM/sapradAyo kA yaha sakSipta itihAsa hai| inakI vistRta jAnakArI evaM uttarakAlIna itihAsa ke lie dekhe-'bhAratIya itihAsa eka dRSTi'

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tattva evaM dravya tattva svarUpa dravya vivecana jIva aura usakI vividha avasthAeM ajIva tattva karmabaMdha kI prakriyA (Azrava baMdha) karma aura usake bheda-prabheda karmoM kI vividha avasthAeM . karma mukti ke upAya-saMvara-nirjarA * mokSA AtmA kI parama avasthA * mokSa ke sAdhana AtmavikAsa ke kramonnata sopAna tatva svarUpa dArzanika jijJAsA tAtvika samAdhAna tattva ke bheda tattva ke bheda

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tattva svarUpa dArzanika jijJAsA manuSya ke jIvana meM jaise-jaise samajha vikasita hotI jAtI hai vaha jagat aura jIvana ke prati ciMtanazIla hotA jAtA hai / usake mana meM tatsaMbaMdhI aneka jijJAsAeM ubharane lagatI haiM yathA 1. yaha jo dRzya jagat hai vastutaH vaha kyA hai ? 2. jIvana meM pratikSaNa anubhUta hone vAle sukha-duHkhAdika kA kAraNa kyA hai? 3. kyA koI aisI bhI gati yA sthiti hai jo samasta duHkhoM se parimukta ho? 4. yadi vaha sthiti hai to usakI prApti kA upAya kyA hai ? ye kucha aisI jaTila jijJAsAeM haiM jo pratyeka tattva jijJAsu ke mana meM utpanna huA karatI haiN| inake samAdhAna meM vaha yathAsaMbhava apanI buddhi aura yukti kA prayoga bhI karatA hai| kiMtu vaha jyoM-jyoM tarka kI gaharAiyoM meM praveza karatA hai tyoM-tyoM vaha utanA hI ulajhatA jAtA hai| vaha aisI kisI sthiti taka nahIM pahuMca pAtA jahAM use isakA samucita samAdhAna mila ske| tAtvika samAdhAna jaina darzana meM ukta jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki yaha dRzya jagat jar3a aura cetana padArthoM ke saMyoga kA hI pariNAma hai| samasta cetana padArtha jIva haiM usake atirikta dRzya jar3a-jagat kA samagra vistAra ajIva hai| jIva apane zubhAzubha bhAvoM ke kAraNa hI sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karatA hai| Asrava ke dvArA karmoM kA Agamana hotA hai tathA ve hI jIva se baMdhakara sukha-duHkha utpanna karate haiN| hamAre samasta duHkhoM kA kAraNa koI anya zakti na hokara yaha Asrava aura baMdha hI hai| kyA aisI koI gati yA sthiti hai jo sukha-duHkha se parimukta hai? jaina darzana meM isakA samAdhAna svIkArokti meM dete hue kahA gayA hai ki hAM vaisI sthiti (gati) bhI hai| vaha hai 'mokSa' jo samasta sukha-duHkha se pare parama AnaMda kI avasthA hai| jo vyakti duHkha kI nivRtti aura sukha prApti kA uddezya rakhatA hai use mokSa ko hI apanA dhyeya banAnA caahie| __ cauthe prazna kA samAdhAna jaina darzana meM vistAra se diyA gayA hai| isa prazna kA samAdhAna dete hue jainAcAryoM ne kahA hai ki Asrava aura baMdha ke kAraNa sukha-duHkha hote haiN| unakA abhAva saMvara aura nirjarA se saMbhava hai| saMvara dvArA karmoM kA Agamana rukatA hai tathA

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54 / jaina dharma aura darzana nirjarA se sacita karma vinaSTa hote haiN| isa prakAra ukta sAta bAtoM ke mAdhyama se jainAcAryoM ne manuSya ke mana meM uThane vAlI sabhI tAtvika jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna kiyA hai aura isIlie satyAnveSaka mumukSu janoM ke lie usakA adhyayana/avalokana Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| mokSa mArga meM rata sAdhaka ko ina mAta bAtoM kA dhyAna/zraddhAna rakhanA anivArya hai| isake binA vaha yathArtha sAdhanA nahI kara sktaa| isake lie rogI kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai jaise koI vyakti rogI hai to use roga aura roga ke kAraNoM para vicAra karane ke sAtha-sAtha rogopacAra aura usake sAdhanoM ko apanAnA bhI anivArya hai| koI bhI rogI tabhI rogamukta ho sakatA hai jabaki use ina bAtoM kA dhyAna rahe ki -1 maiM svabhAvata nirogI hU, 2 mai vartamAna meM rogI hU 3 roga kA kAraNa kyA hai ? 4 roga baDhatA kaise hai? 5 roga se bacane ke upAya kyA haiM? 6 roga kA ilAja kyA hai ? tathA 7 Arogya kA svarUpa kyA hai| ina bAtoM para vicAra karane para hI vaha Arogya kA anubhava kara sakatA hai| yadi vyakti apane roga kA upacAra karatA rahe para use yahI patA na ho ki usakA roga kyA hai ? usakA svarUpa kaisA hai| vaha kyoM baDhatA hai aura kaise ghaTatA hai| yadi kucha nahI jAnatA to vaha apanA roga kabhI bhI nahI miTA sktaa| tatva ke bheda jisa prakAra roga me mukti ke lie roga aura roga ke kAraNa para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai, usI prakAra dukho se mukti ke lie bhI dukha aura usake kAraNoM para vicAra karanA anivArya hai| yaha batAte hue jainAcAryoM ne kahA hai ki yaha jAnanA baDA jarUrI hai ki-1 dukha kise mila rahA hai? 2 dukha kisase mila rahA hai? 3 dukha kA kAraNa kyA hai ? 4 duHkha baDhatA kaise hai? 5 dukha ko rokA kaise jAye? 6 dukha dUra kaise ho? 7 tathA dukha se mukta avasthA kaisI hai ? inheM hI jaina darzana meM tattva kahA gayA hai| ve hai-jIva, ajIva, Asrava, badha, savara, nirjarA aura mokSa / inameM 'jIva' cetanAvAna padArtha hai| vaha 'ajIva' jaDa pudgaloM ke sasarga se sasAra meM dukhI ho rahA hai| 'Asrava' vaha daravAjA hai jisase jaDa karma AtmA meM praveza karate haiN| jIva aura karma kA ekameka ho jAnA 'badha' hai / samasta dukhoM kA mUla kAraNa Asrava aura badha hI hai| Asrava ko rokane kA nAma 'savara' hai| karmoM ke jhar3ane ko 'nirjarA' kahate haiM, tathA sapUrNa karmoM kA Atyantika kSaya mokSa hai / yaha jIva kI svAbhAvika avasthA hai| ina sAta tatvoM meM jIva aura ajIva kA mela hI yaha sasAra hai| Asrava aura badha sasAra ke kAraNa haiM / mokSa sasArAtIta avasthA hai / savara aura nirjarA usake sAdhana haiN| tattva kA artha ye sAta bAteM aisI haiM jinakI zraddhA aura jJAna hone para hI hamArA kalyANa sabhava hai| isalie 1 sarvA si. 11

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tattva evaM dravya/55 inheM tattva kahA gayA hai tathA inake zraddhAna ko samyak darzana / tattva kA artha hai sArabhUta padArtha / yaha tat + tva ina do zabdoM ke mela se banA hai| 'tat' kA artha hai 'vaha' aura 'tva' kA artha hai 'panA' / arthAt vastu kA vastupanA hI usakA tattva hai|' jaise agni kA agnitva, svarNa kA svarNatva, manuSya kA manuSyatva Adi / 'tattva' zabda bahuta vyApaka hai| yaha apanI samasta jAti meM anugata rahatA hai| jaise svarNatva, samasta svarNa jAti meM vyApta hai / vaha eka hai bhale hI svarNa alaga-alaga ho| usI prakAra sabhI jIvoM kA jIvatva eka hai bhale hI jIva aneka haiN| ajIvoM kA ajIvatva eka hai| isI prakAra Asravatva Adi bhI eka-eka hI hai| jaina darzana kA sAra ukta sAta tattvoM me antarnihita hai| jaina darzana meM anya bAtoM kA jJAna bhale hI ho yA na ho kiMtu ukta sAta tattvoM kA jJAna/zraddhAna anivArya batAyA gayA hai| nake abhAva meM bhale hI sapUrNa vAGmaya kA jJAna kyoM na ho vaha mukti kI prApti nahI kara sktaa| agale adhyAyoM meM hama inake svarUpa para vistArapUrvaka carcA kreNge| pakSapAtarahita jainadharma syAdavAdo vartate yasmina pakSapAto na vidyate / nAstyanyapIDana kicida jaina dharma sa ucyate // jisameM syAda kA siddhAMta hai kisI prakAra kA pakSapAta nahI hai, kisI ko pIDA na ho aisA siddhAMta jisameM hai, use jaina dharma kahate haiN| anekAta syAdavAda ahisA aura aparigraha ye jaina darzana ke cAra AdhAra stabha haiM vicAra meM anekAMta, vANI meM syAt AcaraNa meM ahisA aura jIvana meM aparigraha ye jaina darzana ke AdhyAtmika caukhaTe ke cAra koNa haiN| 1 tasya bhAvam tatvam / sarvA, si6

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dravya vivecana dravya kA svarUpa nityA-nityAtmakatA guNa aura paryAya paryAya ke bheda

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dravya vivecana dravya kA svarUpa jaina darzana meM padArtha ko sat kahA gayA hai| sat dravya ko lakSaNa hai| yaha utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya lakSaNa vAlA hai| jagat kA pratyeka padArtha pariNamanazIla hai| sArA vizva parivartana kI dhArA meM bahA jA rahA hai| jahA~ bhI hamArI dRSTi jAtI rahI hai saba kucha badala rahA hai| vaha dekho! sAmane per3a khar3A hai, usameM koMpaleM phUTa rahI haiM, pattiyA~ baDha rahI haiM, ve jhar3a rahe haiM, pratikSaNa vaha apanI purAnI avasthA ko chor3akara nita navIna rUpa ghara rahA hai| bAlaka yuvA ho rahA hai, yuvA vRddha ho rahA hai, vRddha mara rahA hai| sarvatra parivartana hI parivartana hai / cAhe jar3a ho yA cetana sabhI isa parivartana kI dhArA meM bahe jA rahe haiN| pratyeka padArtha vizva ke raMgamaMca para pratikSaNa nayA rUpa ghara kara A rahe haiN| vaha apanI purAnI avasthA ko choDatA hai, nae ko or3hatA hai| purAne kA vinAza aura nae kI utpatti hI isa parivartana kA AdhAra hai| kacce Ama kA paka jAnA hI to Ama kA parivartana hai / bAlaka kA yuvA, yuvA kA vRddha ho jAnA hI to manuSya kA parivartana hai| purAnI avasthA ke vinAza ko vyaya kahate haiM tathA nayI avasthA kI utpatti ko utpAda / ', naye kI utpatti aura purAne ke vinAza ke bAda bhI dravya apanI maulikatA ko nahIM khotaa| kaccA Ama badalakara bhale hI paka jAe para vaha apane Amapane ko nahIM khotaa| bAlaka bhale hI vRddha ho jAe para manuSyatA nahIM bdltii| isa maulika sthiti kA nAma dhrauvya hai, jo pratikSaNa parivartita hote rahane ke bAda bhI padArtha meM samarUpatA banAe rakhatA hai| isa prakAra pratyeka padArtha utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya lakSaNa vAlA hai| jagata kA koI bhI padArtha isakA apavAda nahIM hai| purAnI avasthA kA vinAza aura nae kI utpatti donoM sAtha-sAtha hotI haiM, prakAza ke Ate hI aMdhakAra tirohita ho jAtA hai / inameM koI samaya bheda nahIM hai / yaha parivartana pratikSaNa ho rahA hai,yaha bAta alaga hai ki sUkSma hone ke kAraNa vaha hamArI pakar3a ke bAhara hai / bAlaka yauvana aura praur3ha avasthAoM se gujarakara hI vRddha ho pAtA hai / aisA nahIM hai ki koI sATha-sattara varSa kI avasthA meM ekAeka vRddha ho gayA vaha to sATha-sattara varSa taka niraMtara vRddha huA hai; taba kahIM vRddha bana pAyA hai / vRddha hone kI yAtrA pratikSaNa huI hai / yadi eka kSaNa bhI vaha ruka jAe to vaha vRddha ho 1 sat dravya lakSaNa ta sU.5/29 2 utpAdavyayadhovya yuktasatta sU.5/30 3 sarvA si pR229 4 bhovyamavasthiti prasA tA pR95

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60 / jaina dharma aura darzana hI nahIM sktaa| nityA-nityAtmakatA pratikSaNa parivartana hote rahane ke kAraNa dravya anitya hai tathA parivartita hote rahane ke bAda bhI vaha apane mUla meM aparivartita hai. ataH dravya nitya bhI hai| isalie jaina darzana meM dravya ko nityAnityAtmaka kahA gayA hai| yadi dravya sarvathA nitya hotA to jagata ke sAre padArtha kUTastha ho jAte / na to nadiyA~ baha pAtIM, na hI per3oM ke patte hila pAte / bAlaka, bAlaka hI rahatA, vaha yuvA na ho pAtA, yuvA yuvA hI rahatA, vaha vRddha nahIM ho pAtA; vRddha vRddha hI rahatA, vaha mara na paataa| jo jaisA hai vaha vaisA hI rhtaa| yadi padArtha anitya hI hotA to pratikSaNa badalAva hote rahane ke kAraNa hama eka-dUsare ko pahacAna hI nahIM pAte / pratikSaNa hone vAle parivartana kI isa daur3a meM kisI kA kisI se paricaya hI nahIM ho paataa| aisI sthiti meM na to hameM koI smRti hotI, na hI hote hamAre koI saMbaMdha / jabaki aisA hai hI nahIM, kyoMki yaha to pratyakSa aura anubhava ke viparIta hai| ataH jaina darzana meM padArtha ko nityAnityAtmaka kahA gayA hai| nityAnityAtmaka hone ke kAraNa dravya ko guNa-paryAya vAlA kahA gayA hai| guNa padArtha kA nitya aMza hai, vaha kabhI bhI naSTa nahIM hotaa| usakI avasthAeM/paryAyeM badalatI rahatI haiN| padArtha aneka guNoM kA samUha hai| unameM honevAlA parivartana hI paryAya hai| pratyeka guNa dravya Azrita rahatA hai kiMtu svayaM guNa hIna hotA hai| isalie yaha guNa hokara bhI nirguNa kahalAtA hai| guNa padArtha meM sarvatra rahate haiN| aisA nahIM hai ki vaha padArtha ke kisI eka aMza meM rahatA ho; vaha to tila meM tela kI taraha pUre padArtha meM vyApta hokara rahatA hai| sarvatra hone ke sAtha-sAtha yaha sarvadA pAyA jAtA hai, isalie ise nitya kahate haiN| paryAyeM kSaNakSayI hotI haiM, pratikSaNa miTate rahane ke kAraNa ye (paryAyeM) anitya kahalAtI haiN| samajhane ke lie, Ama eka padArtha hai| sparza, rasa, gaMdha tathA rUpa isake guNa haiN| ina guNoM kA samUha hI Ana hai| yadi inheM pRthaka kara liyA jAye to Ama nAma kA koI padArtha hI nahIM bctaa| kiMtu inheM pRthaka kiyA hI nahIM jA sktaa| ye dravya ke ananya aMga haiN| dravya se inakA nitya saMbaMdha rahatA hai| Ama kA svAda, raMga, gaMdha aura sparza rUpa guNa Ama ke raga-raga meM samAye haiN| inake atirikta Ama nAma kA koI padArtha hI nahIM bctaa| ataH vastu guNoM kA samUha rUpa hai| ina guNoM meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai| Ama khaTTe se mIThA, mIThe se kar3avA. kar3ave se kasailA ho sakatA hai, usakA harA raMga badalakara pIlA yA kAlA ho sakatA hai, vaha kaThora se mRdu athavA pilapile sparza vAlA ho sakatA hai, sugaMdhita se vaha durgadhita bhI ho sakatA hai| ye saba pUrvokta cAra guNoM kI avasthAeM haiN| kiMtu guNoM meM paraspara koI parivartana nahIM hotA / usakA raMga badalakara rasa nahIM hotA, 1. sarvA.si., pR232 2. gaNaparyayavad dravyamata. sa 5/38 3. kA anu. gA 241 4. guNavikArA : paryAyAH AlApapaddhati pR. 134 5. dravyAzrayA nirguNA guNA, ta. sU. 5/41

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tattva evaM dravya/ 61 rasa badalakara raMga nahIM bana sktaa| usI taraha gaMdha aura sparza bhI apane mUla rUpa meM nahIM badalate / guNa traikAlika hote haiN| yahI guNoM kI nityatA hai| paryAyoM meM parivartana hote rahane ke kAraNa unheM anitya kahate haiN| isa prakAra guNa bhI sat, dravya kI taraha nityAnityAtmaka hai| cUMki sat nityAnityAtmaka hai, isalie use utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya lakSaNa vAlA kahA gayA hai / guNa nitya hai,paryAya anitya haiM, isalie dravya ko guNa paryAya vAlA bhI kahate haiN| ina tInoM lakSaNoM meM aikya hai isalie AcArya zrI kuMda kuMda ne dravya kA lakSaNa tInoM prakAra se kiyA hai davvaM sallakkhaNiyaM uppAdavvaya dhavatta saMjataM / guNa pajjayAsayaM vA jaM taM bhaNNaMti savvaNha // paM.kA. 10 arthAt-bhagavAna jinendra dravya kA lakSaNa sat kahate haiM; vaha utpAda vyaya aura dhauvya se yukta hai; athavA jo guNa aura paryAyoM kA Azraya hai, vaha dravya hai| AcArya zrI samanta bhadra ne eka udAharaNa se dravya kI nityAnityAtmakatA kI suMdara prastuti kI hai ghaTa mauli suvarNArthI nAzotpAda sthitissvym| zoka-pramoda mAdhyasthyaM janoyAti shetkm| A.mI.59 eka rAjA hai jisakI eka putrI hai aura eka putra / usake pAsa sone kA ghar3A hai, putrI use cAhatI hai| putra use tor3akara mukuTa banavAnA cAhatA hai| rAjA putra kI bhAvanA ko pUrNa karane ke lie ghar3e ko tor3akara mukuTa banavA detA hai| ghaTa ke nAza se putrI duHkhI hotI hai, putra AnaMdita hotA hai| rAjA svarNa kA icchuka hai, jo ki ghaTa ke TUTane aura mukuTa ke banane donoM meM samAna hai| isalie vaha madhyastha rahatA hai| ataH vastu trayAtmaka jaina darzana mAnya padArtha kI nityAnityAtmakatA ko pAtaJjali ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai, ve likhate haiM--"dravyaM nityaM aakRtirnityaa| suvarNa kayAcit AkRtyA yukto piNDoM bhavati / piNDAkatimapamardaya rucakAH kriyante / punarAvRtaH suvarNa piNDaH panaraparA ca AkatyA: yukta: khadirAMgAra sadazeM kuNDale bhvtH| AkRti anyA-ca anyAca bhavati dravyaM punastadeva AkRtyupamardena dravya mevAvaziSyate / " arthAt dravya nitya hai aura AkAra yAni paryAya anitya hai suvarNa kisI eka viziSTa AkAra se piNDa rUpa hotA hai| piNDa rUpa kA vinAza karake usakI mAlA banAI jAtI hai| mAlA kA vinAza karake usake kar3e banAe jAte haiM / kar3oM ko tor3akara usase svAstika banAye jAte haiN| svAstika ko galAkara phira svarNa piNDa ho jAtA hai| usake amuka AkAra kA vinAza karake khadirAMgAra ke sadRza do kuNDala banA liye jAte haiN| isa prakAra AkAra badalatA rahatA hai paraMtu dravya vahI rahatA hai| AkAra ke naSTa hone para bhI dravya zeSa rahatA hI 1. sahabhuvoM hi guNA, dha pu: 174 2. kramavartinaH paryAyAH AlApapaddhati pR. 140 3. pAtAla mahAbhASya 1/1/1

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62 / jaina dharma aura darzana pAtaJjali ke uparyukta kathana se jaina darzana mAnya dravya ko nityatA aura paryAya kI anityatA kA pUrNatayA poSaNa hotA hai / nityAnityAtmaka hone se utpAda-vyaya dhrauvya rUpa vastu ko 'mImAsaka darzana' ke pravartaka 'kumArila bhaTTa' ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| unhoMne to 'AcArya samanta bhadra' kRta udAharaNa ko bhI apanAyA hai| ve vastu ko trayAtmaka mAnate hue kahate haiM vardhamAraka bhage ya rucaka kriyate yadA / tadA pUvArthina zoka prItizcApyuttarArthina // 21 hemArthinasta mAdhyasthya tasmAdvastu trayAtmak / notpAdasthiti bhagAnAmabhAve syAnmatitrayam / / 22 na nAzena binA zoko notpAdena binA sukham / sthityA binA na mAdhyasthya tena sAmAnya nityatA / / 23 arthAt-suvarNa ke pyAle ko toDakara jaba mAlA banAI jAtI hai, taba pyAle ke icchuka manuSya ko dukha hotA hai , mAlA icchuka manuSya Anadita hotA hai, kitu svarNa ke icchuka manuSya ko na harSa hotA hai aura na zoka / ata vastu trayAtmaka hai| yadi padArtha meM utpAda, sthiti aura vyaya na hote. to tIna vyaktiyoM ke tIna prakAra ke bhAva nahI hote| kya pyAle ke nAza ke binA pyAle ke icchuka vyakti ko zoka nahI hotaa| mAlA ke utpAda binA mAlA ke icchuka vyakti ko sukha nahI hotA tathA svarNa kA icchuka manuSya pyAle ke vinAza aura mAlA ke utpAda meM mAdhyastha nahI raha sktaa| ata vastu sAmAnya se nitya hai (aura vizeSa se anity)| yadyapi dravya ko guNa-paryAya vAlA kahA gayA hai tathA unake paraspara bheda bhI batAe gae hai kitu ye pRthak pRthak nahI hai, iname koI sattAgata bheda nahI hai apitu tInoM eka rasa rUpa haiM, eka sattAtmaka hai| paryAya se rahita guNa aura dravya tathA dravya aura guNa se rahita koI paryAya nahI hotii| tIno kI sayuti hI dravya hai| jaise svarNa apane pItatvAdi guNa tathA kaDA, kuNDalAdi AkRtiyoM se rahita nahI milatA, vaise hI padArtha jaba bhI milatA hai vaha apane guNa aura paryAyoM ke sAtha hI milatA hai| isalie paryAya ko dravya aura guNa se apRthaka kahA gayA hai| pajjayavijuda davva davva vijuttA ya pjjyaanntthi| doNha aNaNNa bhUda bhAva samaNA parUveti / / 12 pa kA arthAt paryAya se rahita koI dravya nahI tathA dravya se rahita koI paryAya nahI hai, donoM ananya bhUta hai, aisA jinendra kahate haiN| vastuta padArtha guNa aura paryAyo kA apRthak guccha hai| isa prakAra hamane sat rUpa padArtha ke svarUpa ko samajhA / yaha utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka hai tathA guNa aura paryAya vAlA hai| aba hama isake guNa aura paryAyoM para vicAra karate 1 mI. zloka vA 610

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tattva evaM dravya/63 guNa aura paryAya guNa padArtha meM rahane vAle usa aMga kA nAma hai jo usameM sarvadA rahatA hai tathA sarvAMza meM vyApta rahane ke kAraNa sarvatra bhI rahatA hai| jaise pUrvokta udAharaNa meM die gae Ama meM rahane vAle usake sparzAdi guNa usameM sadA rahate haiM tathA ve sarvAza meM vyApta haiN| guNoM meM hone vAle parivartana ko paryAya kahate haiN| guNa padArtha meM sadA rahate haiM, isalie inheM sahabhAvI yA sahavartI bhI kahate haiN| tathA paryAya kSaNakSayI hotI haiM, ye tAtkAlika hI hotI haiM, eka kAla meM eka hI hotI haiM isa vajaha se krama se Ane ke kAraNa inheM kramavartI krama bhAvI bhI kahate haiN| guNa traikAlika hote haiM, paryAyeM tAtkAlika hotI haiN| guNa aura paryAya meM itanA hI aMtara hai paryAya ke bheda paryAyeM do prakAra kI hotI haiM-dravya paryAya aura guNa-paryAya athavA vyaMjana paryAya aura artha pryaay|' donoM zuddha aura azuddha ke bheda se do prakAra kI hotI haiN| eka guNa ko eka samayavartI paryAya ko guNa-paryAya kahate haiM tathA aneka guNoM ke eka samayavartI paryAyoM ke samUha ko dravya paryAya kahate haiN| jaise Ama kA khaTTApana aura mIThApana guNa paryAya haiM kyoMki isameM eka guNa kI mukhyatA hai tathA Ama kA kaccApana aura pakkApana dravya paryAya haiM kyoMki yaha Ama ke sabhI guNoM ke sAmudAyika pariNamana kA phala hai| athavA dravya ke AkAra yA saMsthAna saMbaMdhI paryAya ko dravya paryAya tathA usase atirikta anya guNoM ke paryAya ko guNa paryAya kahate haiM / dravya aura guNa paryAya kA yaha bhI lakSaNa pAyA jAtA hai| guNa-paryAya usa guNa kI eka samaya kI abhivyakti hai aura guNa usakI trikAlagata abhivyaktiyoM kA samUha hai| usI prakAra trikAlavartI samasta guNoM kA samUha dravya hai aura una sakala guNoM ke eka samaya ke pRthak-pRthak paryAyoM ke samUha kA nAma dravya paryAya hai| guNa-paryAya tathA guNa evaM dravya-poya tathA dravya meM yahI atara hai| ____ artha va vyaMjana paryAya kA lakSaNa bhinna prakAra se bhI kiyA jAtA hai| dravya meM hone vAle pratikSaNavartI parivartana ko artha paryAya tathA ina parivartana ke phalasvarUpa dikhanevAle sthUla parivartana ko vyaMjana-paryAya kahate haiN| pratyeka sthUla pariNamana kinhIM sUkSma pariNamanoM kA hI phala hai jo ki sattara varSIya vRddha ke udAharaNa se spaSTa hai| donoM prakAra kI paryAya aura zuddha azuddha ke bheda se do prakAra kI hotI haiN| usameM zuddha dravya kI donoM paryAyeM zuddha hotI hai tathA azuddha dravya kI donoM hI paryAyeM azuddha hI hotI haiN| mukta jIva tathA zuddha paramANu 1. pa. kAtA va.16 2. naya darpaNa-85 3. naya darpaNa-85 4. (a) pratisamaya pariNatirUpA arthaparyAyAH bhaNyante pra. sAja vR. 1/80 (ba) sthUlA kAlAtarasthAyI sAmAnyajJAna gocaraH / dRSTi grAhyastu paryAyo bhaveda vyaJjana sazaka : // bhAva sagraha 377

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64 / jaina dharma aura darzana kI donoM hI paryAyeM zuddha hotI haiM tathA saMsArI jIva aura sthUla skaMdhoM kI donoM hI paryAyeM azuddha / yahI paryAyoM kA saMkSipta paricaya hai / vizva mAnavatA aura zramaNa saMskRti zramaNa saMskRti kitanI zIlamayI, kitanI karuNAmayI, kitanI mamatAmayI, tyAgamayI, mAnavatAmayI, komalatA, vinaya aura anurAgamayI hai ki maiM usake hRdaya meM usake aMtaratama meM jitanI gaharAI taka praveza karatA hUM pUrvAprekSA adhika se adhika suMdara, adhika se adhika maMgalamaya, zAMtimaya aura muktimaya pAtA aura vaha bhI mere vyaktitva kRtitva evaM astitva ke roma-roma meM gaharAiyoM taka praviSTa hotI huI mujhe niraMtara, hara pala, hara kSaNa, prabhAvita karatI huI mAnava ke mahAna caraNoM taka pahuMcA detI hai| aura maiM vahAM maMtra-mugdha sA apane Apako vizva-mAnavatA ke caraNa-kamaloM meM pUrNa nata, pUrNa samarpita tathA unakI vaMdanA unakI abhyarthanA karatA huA pAtA hUM--mere Upara isa prakAra kA prabhAva DAlane vAlI kevala yaha zramaNa saMskRti hI hai--jo merA sarvopari ArAdhya hai aura jisakA maiM anugAmI, upAsaka evaM ArAdhaka huuN| maiM usake suMdara-suMdara komala aura lokapAvana tIroM se pUrI taraha kAyala huuN| phira bhI mujhe pIr3A kI nahIM AnaMda kI anubhUti hotI hai / maiMne ciMtana, manana evaM anuzIlana ke pazcAt yaha pAyA hai ki vizva-mAnavatA ke jitanI samIpa zramaNa saMskRti hai utanI dUsarI nahIM / akhila mAnava kA jo kalyANa zramaNa saMskRti ke sarasa evaM punIta saritA meM avagAhana karane se ho sakatA hai| vaisA kahIM ora jAkara majjana karane se nahIM / vizva mAnavatA aura zramaNa saMskRti, zrI zrIkRSNa pAThaka, pR. 64 AsthA aura ciMtana

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jIva aura usakI vividha avasthAeM jIva jIva kA astitva AtmA para vaijJAnikoM ke vicAra jIva kA svarUpa AtmA sarva vyApaka nahIM AtmA aneka hai vaha brahma kA aMza nahIM

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jIva kI vividha avasthAeM jIva ke bheda jIva ke zarIra dehAMtara gamana kI prakriyA zarIra nirmANa kA krama janma

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jIva aura usakI vividha avasthAeM jIva sAta tattvoM meM 'jIva tatva' sabase pradhAna tattva hai / cetanA isakA mukhya lakSaNa hai| samasta sukha duHkha kI pratIti isa cetanA se hI hotI hai| isI cetanA ke AdhAra para samasta jar3a dravyoM se isakI alaga pahacAna hotI hai| isIlie cetanA ko isakA lakSaNa kahA gayA hai| jIva kI vyutpatti karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo dravya aura bhAva prANoM se jItA hai, jI cukA hai tathA jiegA vaha jIva hai / saMsArI jIva zarIra, indriya zvAsocchavAsa aura Ayu rUpa cAra prANoM ke AdhAra para jIte haiM tathA muktAtmAoM meM eka mAtra cetanA rUpa bhAva prANa hote haiN| prANoM ke AdhAra para jIne ke kAraNa jIva ko 'prANI' bhI kahate haiN| nara-nArakAdi vibhinna payAryoM meM 'atati' arthAta niraMtara gamana karate rahane se ise AtmA bhI kahate haiN| jaMta. puruSa jJAnI Adi anya nAma bhI jIva ke pAe jAte haiN| jIva kA astitva prAyaH samasta AtmavAdI darzana AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra karate haiM kiMtu cavArka jaise bhautikavAdI darzana evaM Adhunika vijJAna AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra nahIM krte| unakA kahanA hai ki jIva nAmaka koI padArtha pratyakSa dRSTigocara nahIM hone se gadhe ke sIMga kI taraha nahIM hai| yadi jIva hotA to use dikhanA cAhie thaa| jIva meM jo cetanA dikhAI detI hai vaha paMcabhUtoM ke saMyoga se utpanna huI zakti mAtra hai, jo jIva kI mRtyu hote hI samApta ho jAtI hai| jaina dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki "maiM duHkhI hUM, sukhI hUM", Adi kI jo pratIti hotI hai, vaha isa cetanA kA hI pariNAma hai| yadi cetanA nAma kA koI svataMtra padArtha nahIM hai to mRtaka kA zarIra paMcabhatoM se yakta rahate hae bhI cetanA zanya kyoM rahatA hai| isI cetanA rUpa lakSaNa ke dRSTigocara hone para kaI bAra mRta ghoSita jIva ko citA se bhI lauTate dekhA gayA hai| yaha bhI pAyA gayA hai ki yogyopacAra karane ke bAda vaha prANI aura bhI adhika samaya taka jiyA hai| isI prakAra Ae dina samAcAra patroM meM chapane vAlI pUrva janma viSayaka ghaTanAeM bhI jIva ke astitva ko siddha karatI haiN| 1 cetanA lakSaNo jIvaH sarvA si pR // 2 pra. sAmU 147 3 mahApurANa 24/103-108

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68 / jaina dharma aura darzana kucha vyaktiyoM kA kahanA hai ki cetanA, jIva kA lakSaNa na hokara zarIra kA lakSaNa hai, lekina yaha ThIka nahI hai| yadi cetanA zarIra kA lakSaNa hai to zarIra ko sadA cetana rahanA cAhie kyoMki lakSaNa traikAlika hotA hai| lekina dekhA jAtA hai ki mRtaka kA zarIra cetanA rahita ho jAtA hai| ata cetanA zarIra kA lakSaNa nahI ho sktaa| dUsarI bAta, yadi cetanA zarIra kA lakSaNa hai to baDe aura sthala zarIroM meM cetanA adhika honI cAhie tathA dubale-patale zarIra meM cetanA kI mAtrA bhI alpa honI cAhie tathA usameM jJAna bhI alpa honA cAhie kitu aisA dekhA nahI jaataa| prAya dekhA jAtA hai ki pahalavAnI zarIra dhArI bhI alpajJAnI hotA hai tathA dubale-patale zarIra dhAraNa karane vAle sAdhu-satoM aura vidvAnoM meM adhika jJAna pAyA jAtA hai| isI taraha hAthI, UTa, ghoDA, baila Adi pazuoM kI apekSA manuSya kA zarIra choTA hone para bhI unakI apekSA manuSya meM jJAna adhika hotA hai| ata cetanA ko zarIra kA lakSaNa nahI mAnA jA sktaa| yaha to zarIra se bhinna jIva athavA AtmA kA lakSaNa hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura AkAza rUpa pacabhUta to jaDa haiN| caitanya rahita hone se inase jIva kI utpatti kaise ho sakatI hai| yadi kahA jAe ki mahuA, guDa, pAnI Adi meM madya zakti, dikhAI nahI paDatI, kitu paraspara sayogoM ko prApta hone para unameM madya zakti utpanna hotI hai tathA kucha kAla taka rahane para vinAza kI sAmagrI prApta hone para vinaSTa ho jAtI hai| usI prakAra bhUto ke sayoga se utpana caitanya bhI kAraNa sAmagrI prApta hone para vinaSTa ho jAtI hai| yaha udAharaNa bhI anupayukta hai kyoMki mahuA (ghAva ke phUla) guDa Adi padArthoM meM sayoga se pUrva bhI mAdaka zakti pAI jAtI hai| sayoga se to kevala unakI zakti kA uddIpana hotA hai| isa prakAra kyA tathAkathita bhUtoM meM cetanA kA astitva vidyamAna hai ? yadi hai to jaDavAda kI koI sthiti hI nahI rhtii| phira to cetanA zAzvata ho gii| jahA bhUta hai, vahA cetanA hai| yadi cetanA sAyogika hI hai to madya zakti kA udAharaNa avAstavika hai, kyoMki madya ke upAdAna meM mAdakatA pratyakSa hai kitu bhUtoM meM caitanya nhii| isake bAvajUda yadi kucha kSaNa ke lie mAna le ki pacabhUtoM ke sayojana se caitanya utpanna hotA hai.to usakA samIkaraNa kyA hai? kyA usa samIkaraNa ke AdhAra para Aja taka kisI ne caitanya kI utpatti karake batAI hai| yadi kisI ne nahI batAI to pacabhUtoM ke sayoga se caitanya kI utpatti hotI hai yaha bAta hI AdhArahIna hone se apramANika hai| ___ Adhunika vaijJAnika sarva vastuoM kI utpatti mAtra jaDa padArtho se mAnate haiN| ve apane virodhI samAgama athavA gaNAtmaka parivartana ke siddhAta ke AdhAra para kahate haiM padArthoM kI taraha caitanya bhI padArtho ke sayoga se hI banA hai| paratu ve bhI isakA abhI taka koI samIkaraNa nahI khoja sake haiN| yadi vaisA koI samIkaraNa vaijJAnikoM kI dRSTi meM ho to bhI ve Aja taka caitanya kI utpatti karake nahI batA sake haiN| caitanya kA nirmANa to dUra jIvita A~kha, kAna, nAka, hAtha, paira Adi zArIrika avayavoM ke nirmANa meM bhI abhI taka ve saphala nahI ho sake haiN| unake dvArA banAI huI sarva vastue jaDa hI dikhAI par3atI haiM aura ve jIvita vastuoM se spaSTatayA bhinna pratIta hotI haiN| isI taraha mRtyu ke uparAta zarIra nizceSTa

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jIva aura usakI vividha avasthAeM / 69 evaM vizIrNa kyoM ho jAtA hai ? tathA janma ke uparAMta jIva meM cetanA kahAM se AtI hai ? yaha bAta bhI abhI taka vaijJAnikoM ke lie pahelI banI huI hai| AtmA para vaijJAnikoM ke vicAra prakRti aura cetanA ke isI rahasya ko na samajha pAne ke kAraNa vaijJAnikoM kA garva bhI cUra-cUra ho gayA hai / unheM apanI alpajJatA sAmane dikhane lagI hai| unheM bhI kisI virATa jJAtA kA khyAla Ane lagA hai|' AInsaTAIna' ke zabdoM meM-'hama kevala sApekSa satya ko hI jAna sakate haiM pUrNa satya ko koI sarvajJa hI jAna sakatA hai|" yahI kAraNa hai ki bhale hI Adhunika vijJAna AtmA kI sattA ko svIkAra na kare, kiMtu abhI ve ekadama se use asvIkAra karane kI sthiti meM bhI nahIM haiM / aba to vaijJAnikoM ko bhI aisA pratIta hone lagA hai ki yaha vizva eka prakAra kA jar3a yatra nahIM hai| usameM cetanA sphurita hotI hai| "The Great Design" nAmaka pustaka me anekoM vaijJAnikoM ne isa viSaya meM apanI sAmUhika rAya bhI jArI kI hai| cetanA ke mahatva para spaSTa karate hue "alabarTa AinsaTAina kahate haiM 2 - 1. maiM jAnatA hUM ki sArI prakRti meM cetanA kAma kara rahI hai|" 2. kucha ajJAta zakti kAma kara rahI haiM, hama nahIM jAnate vaha kyA hai ? maiM caitanya ko mukhya mAnatA hUM bhautika padArtha ko gauNa purAnA nAstikavAda aba calA gayA hai| dharma, AtmA aura mana kA viSaya hai| vaha kisI bhI prakAra se hilAyA nahIM jA sktaa| -sara e. esa. eDigTana 3. Ajakala sAmaMjasya kA vistRta mAnadaMDa prastuta huA hai ki jJAna kI saritA ayAMtrika vAstavikatA kI ora baha nikalatI hai| aba vizva yatra kI apekSA vicAra ke adhika samIpa lagatA hai / mana aisI cIja nahIM lagatI jo duniyA meM kahI akasmAt Tapaka par3I ho| -sara jemsa jInsa 4. satya yaha hai ki vizva kA maulika tatva jar3a (Matter) bala (Force) yA bhautika padArtha (Physical Things) nahIM hai kiMtu mana aura cetanA hI hai| " - je. vI. esa. helDana 1 We can only know the relative truth, but absolute truth is known only to the universal observer jaina darzana aura vijJAna para uddhata pU. 99.100 2 I believe that intelligence is manifested throughout all nature 3 Something 'unknown' is doing we do not know,what regard consciousness as fundamental I regard matter as derivative from consciousness The old atheism is gone Religion belong to the realm of the spirit and mind and cannot be Shaken 4 Today there is a wide measure of agreement, that the stream of knowledge is heading toward a non-mechanical reality The universe begins to look more like a great thought than like great machine Mind no longer appears as an accidental intrudes into the realm of matter 5 The truth is that, not matter, not forces, not any physical thing but mind, personality is the central fact of the universe

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70 / jaina dharma aura darzana 5. eka nirNaya yaha batAtA hai ki mRtyu ke bAda AtmA kI saMbhAvanA hai| jyoti kASTha se bhinna hai / kASTha to thor3I dera use prakaTa karane meM IMdhana kA kAma karatA hai / "1 - Arthara eca kAMpaTana 6. " vaha samaya AegA jaba vijJAna dvArA ajJAta viSaya kA anveSaNa hogA / vizva jaisA ki hama socate the usase bhI kahIM adhika usakA AdhyAtmika astitva hai / vAstavikatA to yaha hai hama ukta AdhyAtmika jagat ke madhya meM haiM jo bhautika jagat se Upara hai | "2 - 'sara oNlIvara laoNja' 7. jaise manuSya do dina ke bIca kI rAtri meM svapna dekhatA hai vaise hI manuSya kI AtmA mRtyu aura punarjanma ke bIca vihAra karatI hai / 3 - 'sara oNlIvara laoNja' jIva kA svarUpa yadyapi jIva ke astitva ko sabhI AtmavAdI darzana svIkAra karate haiM, kiMtu usake svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM sabakI aikAMtika avadhAraNAeM haiN| sabhI darzana jIva kI kisI eka vizeSatA ko grahaNa kara use hI usakA svarUpa mAna baiThane kI bhUla meM haiN| jaina darzana meM jIva kA sarvAMgIna svarUpa milatA hai / vividha darzanakAroM ke matoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue jaina darzana meM jIva kA svarUpa anekAMtika DhaMga se prastuta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki I jIvo uvaogamao amutti kattA sadeha parimANo bhottA saMsAratyo siddho so vissoDha gaI 14 arthAt jIva upayogamayI hai, amUrtika hai, karttA hai, svadeha parimANa vAlA hai, bhoktA hai, saMsArI hai, siddha hai tathA svAbhAvika Urdhvagati vAlA hai| 1 upayogamaya hai-- caitanyAnuvidhAyI AtmA ke pariNAma ko upayoga kahate hai / arthAt jo pariNAma AtmA ke caitanya guNa kA anusaraNa karate haiM, vaha upayoga hai / upayoga rUpa cetanA jIva kA lakSaNa hai|" jaina zAstroM meM upayoga zabda kI vyutpatti karate hue kahA gayA hai 1 A conclusion which suggests the possibility of consciousness after death the flame is distinct from the log of wood which act temoporanty as fuel 1 se 5 taka-jaina darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna para udbhuta pRSTha sa. 99 100 2 The Time will assuredly come when these avenues into unknown region will be explored by science The universe is a more spiritual entity than we thought The real fact is that we are in the midst of a spiritual world which dominates the material 3 The soul of man passes between death and rebirth in this world as he passes through dream in the night between day and day 4 se 7 jaina darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna para udbhuta pR. saM. 99-100 4 dravya sa, gA. 2 5 sarvA si. 117 6 ta sa 48

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jIva aura usakI vividha avasthAeM / 71 ki "upayujyate vastu paricchedaM prati vyAparyate jIvo'neneti upayogaH" arthAt jisake dvArA jIva vastu ke pariccheda/parijJAna/bodha ke lie vyApAra karatA hai vaha upayoga hai| upayoga do prakAra kA hotA hai / 1. darzanopayoga',2. jnyaanopyog| darzana upayoga-yaha nirAkAra upayoga hai| isameM padArthoM kA sAmAnya pratibhAsa mAtra hotA hai / jaba cetanA kI zakti kisI vastu vizeSa ke prati vizeSa rUpa se upayukta na hokara mAtra sAmAnya rUpa se use grahaNa karatI hai, use darzanopayoga kahate haiN|' arthAt isa pariNati meM viSaya viSayI kA saMparka mAtra hotA hai| jJAna upayoga-yaha sAkAra upayoga hai| cetanA kI zakti jisa samaya jJAnAkAra na hokara jJeyAkAra rUpa ho jAtI hai. usa samaya zaklatva. kRSNatva Adi vizeSa rUpoM kA grahaNa hone lagatA hai| vaha sAmAnya mAtra na hokara vizeSa rUpa se hone lagatA hai| ise jJAnopayoga kahate haiN| ___ jJAnopayoga aura darzanopayoga meM yaha aMtara hai-jJAna sAkAra hai, darzana-nirAkAra / jJAna savikalpaka hai darzana nirvikalpaka / upayoga kI sarvaprathama bhUmikA darzana hai, jisameM keva sAmAnya sattA kA bhAna hotA hai| isake pIche kramazaH upayoga vizeSayAhI hotA jAtA hai| yaha jJAnopayoga hai| pahale darzana hotA hai phira jJAna hotA hai| isalie darzana nirAkAra aura nirvikalpaka hai| darzana ke pahale jJAna ko isIlie grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai kyoMki nirNayAtmaka hone ke kAraNa jJAna adhika mahattva rakhatA hai| vaise utpatti kI dRSTi se jJAna kA sthAna bAda meM hai,darzana kA phle| jJAnopayoga ke do bheda hai-svabhAva jJAna aura vibhAva jJAna / ' svabhAva-jJAna pUrNa hotA hai| use kisI bhI iMdriya kI apekSA nahIM rhtii| sIdhA AtmA se hone vAlA pUrNa jJAna svabhAva jJAna hai| yaha jJAna pratyakSa aura sAkSAt hai| isI jJAna ko jaina darzana meM kevala jJAna kahA jAtA hai| yaha jJAna akelA aura asahAya hotA hai| ataH kevala jJAna kahalAtA hai| isameM jagata ke sAre padArtha pratibibita ho jAte haiN| isalie bhI ise kevala jJAna kahate haiN| karma sApekSa jJAna vibhAva jJAna kahalAte hai| samasta sasArI jIvoM kA jJAna vibhAva jJAna hai| vibhAva jJAna ke punaH do bheda hote haiM-samyaka jJAna aura mithyA jJAna / samyaka jJAna cAra prakAra kA hotA hai-mati jJAna,zratu jJAna. avadhi jJAna aura manaH paryaya jJAna / ' mati jJAna-iMdriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se hone vAlA jIva aura ajIva viSayaka jJAna mati jJAna hai| zruta jJAna-mati jJAna ke uparAMta jo citana,manana dvArA paripakva jJAna hotA hai use 'zruta 1 jaina lakSaNAvalI 1/276 2 5 sa gA 4 3 aprakAra darzanam sarvA si 118 4 dra.sa gA.43 5 sAgAroNANovajogo dhapa. 11/334 sarvA si 118 6 dasaNa puvva NANa dra. sa. 43 yaha kathana chAmtho kI apekSA hai| 7 NANuva jogo duviho sahAvaNANa vihAvaNANati-ni sA m 10 8 vahI 11-12

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72 / jaina dharma aura darzana jJAna' kahate haiN| avadhi jJAna-binA iMdriya aura mana Adi bAhya padArthoM kI sahAyatA se jo jJAnarUpI padArthoM ko pratyakSa jAnatA hai, vaha avadhi jJAna hai / yaha jJAna eka nizcita avadhi/ sImA taka hI hotA hai isalie avadhi jJAna kahalAtA hai| manaHparyaya jJAna-avadhijJAna kI taraha binA kisI bAhya AlaMbana ke dUsare ke mana meM rahane vAle rUpI-padArthoM ko jAnane vAlA jJAna manaHparyaya jJAna hai| mithyAjJAna tIna prakAra kA hotA hai1. matyAjJAna-mithyA darzana se saMyukta mati jJAna hI matyAjJAna hai 2. zrutAjJAna-mithyAdarzana se sayukta zrutajJAna hI zrutAjJAna hai| 3. vibhaMgajJAna-mithyA darzana se saMyukta avadhi jJAna hI vibhaMga jJAna hai| jJAna ke mithyApana aura samyakpana kA AdhAra viSaya na hokara jJAtA hai| jo jJAtA mithyA zraddhA vAlA hotA hai usakA sapUrNa jJAna mithyA hotA hai tathA jisa jJAtA kI zraddhA samyak hotI hai usakA jJAna bhI samyak hotA hai| samyak aura mithyAtva kA AdhAra zraddhA hai bAhya padArtha nhiiN| isa prakAra jJAnopayoga ke kula ATha bheda ho jAte haiN| inameM se mati aura zruta ko parokSa tathA zeSa tIna ko pratyakSa jJAna kahA gayA hai| ina pAMca jJAna meM prathama tIna jJAna viparyaya bhI hote haiN| isa prakAra do parokSa, tIna pratyakSa aura tIna viparIta milAkara jJAnopayoga ke kula ATha bheda hue| darzanApayoga-jJAnopayoga kI taraha darzanopayoga bhI do prakAra kA hai-svabhAva darzana aura vibhAva darzana / "svabhAva darzana" AtmA kA svabhAvika upayoga hai| svabhAva jJAna kI taraha yaha bhI pratyakSa va pUrNa hotA hai / ise kevala darzana kahate haiN| vibhAva darzana tIna prakAra kA hotA hai-cakSu-darzana, acakSu-darzana, aura avadhi-darzana / cakSu-darzana-cakSu idriya se hone vAlA nirAkAra aura nirvikalpaka bodha cakSu darzana hai| cakSu idriya kI pradhAnatA hone ke kAraNa cakSu-darzana nAmaka svataMtra bheda hai| __ acakSu-darzana-cakSu idriya ke atirikta zeSa iMdriyoM tathA mana se hone vAlA jo darzana hai, vaha acakSu-darzana hai| avadhi-darzana-avadhi jJAna meM pUrNa hone vAlA jo darzana hai, vaha avadhi-darzana hai| darzanopayoga sAmAnya mAtra ko grahaNa karatA hai| isalie vaha samyak aura mithyA nahIM ho sakatA / savikalpa jJAnopayoga meM hI samyak va mithyAtva hotA hai| zrutajJAna matijJAna pUrvaka hotA hai| ataH alaga se zrutadarzana nahI hotA tathA manaH paryaya jJAna manonimittika hone ke kAraNa pRthaka rUpa se manaHparyaya darzana bhI nahIM hotaa| chadmastha jIvoM ko darzana aura jJAna kramazaH hotA hai tathA kevala jJAniyoM ko jJAna aura darzana yugapata hotA hai| uparyukta cAra prakAra kA darzana aura ATha prakAra kA jJAna jIva kA sAmAnya lakSaNa hai| 1 (a)pa kA ama ca 41 (ba) dhavalA 1/358 2 isa gA 3 ni sA ma 1314

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jIva aura usakI vividha avasthAeM / 73 yaha usakA vyavahArika svarUpa hai| zuddha svarUpa meM to vaha kevala darzana aura kevala jJAnamaya hai / ' 2 sAMkhya tathA naiyAyika AtmA ko upayoga (jJAna) rahita mAnate haiN| naiyAyikoM kA kahanA hai ki jJAna AtmA kA svabhAva nahIM hai| vaha bAhara se AtA hai| isa para jaina dArzanika kahate haiM ki AtmA hamezA jJAnavAna hI banA rahatA hai| jJAna aura darzana jIva kA svabhAva hai / koI bhI jIva usake binA nahIM raha sktaa| jo jIva hai, vaha jJAnavAna hai| tathA jo jJAnavAna hai vaha jIva hai| jaise agni apane uSNa guNa ko chor3akara nahIM raha sakatI vaise hI jIva apane jJAna guNa se pRthaka nahIM raha pAtA / ekeMdriyAdi vanaspati se lekara muktAtmAoM taka yaha jJAna hInAdhika rUpa se pAyA jAtA hai| jJAna kA pUrNa vikasita rUpa siddhAtmAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| yadi hama jJAna ko AgaMtuka mAnate haiM to phira sabhI padArthoM meM isa AgaMtuka jJAna ke saMyoga se cetanatva mAnanA cAhie / "yahAM para jJAtavya hai ki pratyeka vastu ke do rUpa hote haiM--svAbhAvika aura vaibhAvika / svAbhAvika rUpa meM para- nimitta kI apekSA nahIM rahatI, jabaki vaibhAvika rUpa meM para-nimitta kI apekSA banI rahatI hai / svAbhAvika rUpa ke lie paramArtha, nizcaya, vAstavika Adi nAma die jAte haiM tathA vaibhAvika rUpa ko aparamArtha, vyavahAra, azuddha Adi zabdoM dvArA vyakta kiyA gayA hai / AtmA kA varNana bhI inhIM donoM dRSTiyoM se jainAgamoM meM kiyA gayA hai| " amUrta-amUrtika vizeSaNa se kumArila bhaTTa ke mata kA parihAra kiyA gayA hai jo use mUrtika mAnate haiM / usI taraha cArvAka bhI jIva ko mUrtika piMDa mAnate haiN| zuddha svarUpa kI dRSTi se AtmA meM pudgala ke guNa, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza nahIM hote isalie yaha amUrtika hai para saMsAra avasthA meM vaha anAdi karmoM se baddha hone ke kAraNa rUpAdivAna hokara mUrtika hotA hai / yaha mUrtatva guNa cetanA kA vikAra hai aura vikAra sthAyI rahatA nhiiN| ataH vaha azuddha hai / isa prakAra nizcaya se jIvoM ko amUrta mAnakara bhI vyavahAra se jIva ko mUrtika mAnA gayA hai| 4 karttA--sAMkhya darzana jIva ko karttA nahIM svIkAratA / usakI dRSTi meM prakRti hI sAre kArya karatI hai / vahI sukha-duHkhAdi kA karttA hai| puruSa (AtmA) to sAkSI mAtra hai| jaina darzana kA kahanA hai ki jIva apane zubhAzubha pariNAmoM kA karttA hai| vaha nizcayanaya se apane bhAvoM kA tathA vyavahAranaya se pudgala karmoM kA karttA hai / karttA koI aura ho, tathA bhoktA koI aura, aisA ho hI nahIM sakatA / jaba puruSa sarvathA niSkriya kUThastha aura zuddha hai to phira mokSa kI kalpanA hI vyartha hai, kyoMki mokSa to baMdhana pUrvaka hI hotA hai| ' bhoktA - jisa taraha AtmA karttA hai usI taraha vaha apane pariNAmoM kA bhoktA bhI hai| jo jaisA karatA hai vo vaisA pAtA hai; jaisI karanI vaisI bharanI, jaisI loka-prasiddha nyAya ke 1. pra. saM. gA. 6 2. dra. saM. TI. gA. 2 3. dra. sa. TI. 2 4.dra. saM. gA. 7 5. dra. saM. TIkA gA. 8 6. dra. sa. TI. gA. 9

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74/ jaina dharma aura darzana anurUpa jaina darzana meM vyavahAra se jIva ko apane sukha-duHkhoM kA bhoktA kahA gayA hai, tathA nizcaya se apane caitanyAtmaka AnaMda svarUpa kA bhoktA kahA gayA hai| yadi AtmA mukha-duHkha kA bhoktA na ho to sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti hI nahIM ho sktii| bauddha darzana kSaNikavAdI hai| ataH vaha AtmA ke kattRtva aura bhoktRtva ke aikya ko svIkAra nahIM karatA hai| yadi jIva ko apane karmoM kA bhoktA na mAnA jAe tathA karma karane vAle ko usakA phala na milakara kisI anya ko milane lage to phira isase pApa-puNya kI koI vyavasthA hI nahIM rhegii| zarIra parimANitva-AtmA ke AkAra ke saMbaMdha meM bhI vibhinna darzanakAroM ke bhinna-bhinna mata haiM / kucha dArzanika AtmA ko sarvavyApaka mAnate haiM tathA kucha darzana aise bhI haiM jo AtmA ko aMguSTha mAtra athavA aNu pramANa mAtra mAnate haiN| jaina darzana ke anusAra jIva karmoM ke nimitta se choTA-bar3A jaisA bhI zarIra milatA hai usa zarIra ke AkAra vAlA hotA hai| isIlie jaina darzana meM jIva ko 'aNu guru dehapamANoM' kahA gayA hai| jIva choTe-bar3e AkAra vAlA kaise ho jAtA hai ? isa bAta kA samAdhAna jaina darzana meM usake saMkoca vistAra rUpa zakti ko svIkAra kara diyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra dIpaka kA prakAza choTe sthAna para saMkucita ho jAtA hai tathA vistRta sthAna milane para phaila jAtA hai, usI prakAra jIva bhI cIMTI jaisA sUkSma zarIra milane para sakucita ho jAtA hai tathA hAthI jaisA vizAla zarIra milane para vistRta ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra pradezoM meM saMkoca-vistAra hote rahane para bhI usake loka-pramANa Atma pradezoM kI saMkhyA meM koI hAni/vRddhi nahIM hotii| AtmA sarvavyApaka nahI-nyAya vaizeSika mImAsaka Adi dArzanika AtmA kA anekatva svIkArate hae bhI use AkAza kI taraha sarvavyApaka mAnate haiN| gItA meM bhI AtmA ko vyApaka pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| kitu AtmA ko sarvavyApaka mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai kyoki vaha hamAre anubhava aura pratIti ke viparIta hai| hamArI pratIti hameM yaha batAtI hai ki jitane parimANa meM hamArA zarIra hai itane hI parimANa meM hamArI AtmA hai| zarIra ke bAhara AtmA kA astitva raha kaise sakatA hai ? jahAM para jisa vastu ke guNa upalabdha hoMge vaha vastu vahIM para rhegii| kuMbha vahI rahatA hai jahAM usake rUpAdi guNa upalabdha hote haiN| usI prakAra AtmA kA astitva bhI vahI mAnanA cAhie jahAM usake jJAna,smRti Adi guNa upalabdha hoN| ataH AtmA ko sarvavyApaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki zarIra ke bAhara vaisA koI lakSaNa dikhAI nahIM pdd'taa| ___ yadi jIva vyApaka hai to jaise jIva ko apane zarIra meM hone vAle sukha-duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai vaise hI parAe zarIra meM hone vAle sukha duHkha kA anubhava honA caahie| kiMtu yaha bAta suspaSTa hai ki parAe zarIra meM honevAle sukha-duHkha kA anubhava jIva ko nahIM hotaa| 1dra sa gA9 2. (a) bhAratIya darzana DA rAdhA kRSNana bhAga-2 pR 692 (ba) kaThopaniSad 4/13 3 dra sA gA 10 4 pradeza sahAra visAcyA pradIpavata ta sU 5/16 5 gItA 2/20 6 kA. anu gA 177

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jIva aura usakI vividha avasthAeM / 75 ataH jIva ko apane zarIra pramANa hI mAnanA caahie| AtmA ko aNu pramANa yA aMguSTha mAtra mAnane para bhI jitane pradezoM meM AtmA rahatA hai, usase bAhara ke pradezoM kA anubhava bhinna jIvoM kI taraha nahIM ho sakane kA prasaMga prApta hotA hai| jabaki dekhA jAtA hai ki jIva apane zarIra ke pratyeka pradeza meM hone vAle sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karatA hai| ataH AtmA ko zarIra pramANa svIkAra karanA hI yukti yukta hai| upaniSadoM meM bhI AtmA ke deha pramANa hone kA ullekha milatA hai|' kauSItako upaniSad meM kahA gayA hai ki "jaise churA apane myAna meM aura agni apane kuMDa meM vyApta hai vaise hI AtmA zarIra meM nakha se lagAkara zikhA taka vyApta hai|" taittarIya upaniSad meM AtmA ko annamaya, prANamaya, manomaya aura vijJAnamaya batAyA gayA hai, joki jIva ko deha parimANa mAnane para hI saMbhava hai| AtmA aneka haiM vaha brahma kA aMza nahI-advaita vedAMti AtmA ko eka hI AdhyAtmika tatva (brahma) mAnate haiN| unakI mAnyatA ke anusAra pratyeka AtmA kI svataMtra sattA nahIM hai| ve brahma ko 'ekamevAdvitIyama' batAte hue jagat ke sarvajIvoM ko usakA hI aMza mAnate haiN| jaina dArzanika. vedAMtiyoM ke ukta mata se sahamata nahIM haiN| jaina darzana ke anusAra ekAtmavAda kI kalpanA yuktirahita hai| yadi saMpUrNa loka meM eka hI AtmA hai to sabhI jIvoM kA svabhAva samAna rahanA caahie| sabhI jIvoM kI pravRtti samAna honI cAhie tathA sabhI jIvoM ke sukha-duHkha ke anubhava kI mAtrA bhI samAna hI honI caahie| jabaki aisA dekhA/pAyA nahIM jaataa| sabhI jIvoM kA svabhAva aura pravRttiyAM samAna nahIM haiM tathA saba jIvoM ke sukha-duHkha kA anubhava bhI samAna nahIM hotaa| ataH AtmA eka nahIM balki aneka haiN| 'vizva tatva prakAza' meM kahA gayA hai ki yadi AtmA eka hotI to eka hI samaya meM yaha tatvajJa hai tathA mithyAjJAnI hai, yaha Asakta hai, yaha virakta hai| isa prakAra ke viruddha vyavahAra nahIM pAe jAte / ataH AtmA eka nahIM hai| yadi eka hI AtmA mAnI jAe to eka vyakti ke dvArA dekhe gae tathA anubhUta kie padArthoM kA smaraNa dUsare vyakti ko bhI honA cAhie kyoMki donoM kI AtmA eka hai kiMtu aisA nahIM hotaa| ataH siddha hai ki AtmA aneka haiM / eka AtmA mAnane se eka ke janma se sabakA janma tathA eka ke maraNa se sabakA maraNa mAnanA pdd'egaa| isI taraha eka ke duHkhI hone se sabako duHkhI tathA eka ke sukhI hone se sabake sukhI hone kA prasaMga prApta hotA hai lekina isa prakAra kI avasthA dekhane meM nahIM AtI arthAt sabhI ke sukha-duHkha, jIvana-maraNa alaga-alaga dRSTigocara hote haiN| ataH siddha hai ki AtmA aneka haiM eka nhiiN| sAMkhya darzana meM bhI AtmA ke anekatva ko svIkArate hae ekAtmavAda kA khaMDana 1. a muNDaka upaniSad 1/1/6 ba. chAndogya upaniSad 3/14/3 2. tarka bhASA pR.153 3. vizva tatva prakAza (bhAvasena) pR. 174 4. vizva tatva prakAza (bhAvasena) pR. 124 5. sarveSAmekamevAtmA yujyate netijlpitm| janma mRtyu sukhAdIna mitrAnAmupalabdhita: -vizva tatva prakAza

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76 / jaina dharma aura darzana kiyA gayA hai| AtmA kI anekatA ko siddha karate hue sAMkhyakArikA meM kahA gayA hai ki "pratyeka puruSa ke janma-maraNa eka hI taraha na hokara vibhinna hote haiN| eka kA janma hotA hai, dUsare kA maraNa hotA hai| yadi eka hI AtmA hotI to eka ke utpanna hone se sabakI utpatti tathA eka kA maraNa hone se sabakA maraNa mAnanA paDatA. jo ki asaMgata hai| ataH siddha hai ki AtmA aneka haiN| isI prakAra pratyeka puruSa kI iMdriyAM aura pravRttiyAM bhI bhinna-bhinna haiM joki jIva kI anekatA siddha karatI hai| vibhinna puruSoM meM satva, raja aura tama guNoM kI nyUnAdhikatA bhI (jaina darzana ke anusAra karma) AtmA kI anekatA ko siddha karatI hai|"1 sAMkhyoM kI taraha nyAya vaizeSika aura mImAMsaka bhI AtmA ke anekatva ko svIkAra karate haiN| saMsArI hai-sadAziva mata ke anusAra "jIva sadAziva svarUpa hai|"2 vaha kabhI bhI saMsArI nahIM hotaa| hamezA zuddha banA rahatA hai| karmoM kA usa para koI asara nahIM pdd'taa| karma usake haiM hI nhiiN| janma-maraNa kevala iMdrajAla aura mAyA hai| jaina darzana kA isa saMbaMdha meM spaSTa kahanA hai ki jIva pahale saMsArI rahatA hai tadanaMtara muktAvasthA ko prApta karatA hai| anAdi karmoM se baddha hone ke kAraNa saMsArI jIva azuddha hai| vaha puruSArtha ke bala se karmoM ko naSTa kara zuddha hotA hai| yadi jIva pahale saMsArI nahIM hotA to usakI mukti ke upAya kA anveSaNa bhI vyartha hai| jaina darzana kA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki jIva ko sAMsArika kahanA vyAvahArika dRSTikoNa hai| zuddha naya se sabhI jIva zuddha haiM kyoMki saMsArI hote hue bhI unameM sadAziva hone kI zakti vidyamAna rahatI jIva mukta hai-jaina darzana ke anusAra jaba taka yaha jIva rAga dveSAdika viSaya vikAroM se grasita rahatA hai, taba taka vaha saMsArI rahatA hai| apane puruSArtha ke dvArA inheM naSTa kara vaha zuddha ho jAtA hai / mukta hote hI vaha azarIrI, aSTa karmoM se rahita, anaMta sukha se yukta parama avasthA ko prApta kara letA hai| mImAMsaka mukti ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| unake anusAra AtmA sadA saMsArI hI rahatA hai| usakI mukti hotI hI nahIM hai| unakA kahanA hai ki mukti nAma kA koI padArtha hI nahIM hai / isa para jaina darzanakAra kahate haiM ki yadi mukti nahIM hai to tyAga, tapasyA aura vairAgya kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? mukti ke abhAva meM to phira saMsAra kA bhI abhAva prApta ho jAegA, kyoMki saMsAra aura mukti to sApekSa hai| ataH jIva kA saMsArI aura mukta donoM vizeSaNa tarkasaMgata hai| Urdhvagati svabhAvI-mAMDalika mata meM jIva ko niraMtara gatizIla batAyA gayA hai| unakI mAnyatA hai ki jIva satat gatizIla rahatA hai| vaha kabhI nahIM ThaharatA, calatA hI 1. saMkhyAkArikA 19, sAMkhya sUtra 1/149 amitagatizrAva 4/20 2. dra.saM.TI. gA 2 3. dra.saM.gA 13 4. saM.TI gA 2 5. vahI

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jIva aura usakI vividha avasthAeM / 77 rahatA hai| jaina darzana meM jIva ko Urdhvagati svabhAvI kahA gayA hai| jaise dIpaka ko nirvAta zikhA svabhAva se hI Upara kI ora jAtI hai vaise hI zaddha dazA meM jIva bhI Urdhvagamana svabhAva vAle hote haiN| vAyu se prakaMpita dIpaka kI lau kI taraha azuddha dazA meM jIva karmoM se prerita hokara cAra gatiyoM meM idhara-udhara bhramaNa karate haiM, kiMtu zuddha dazA meM apane Urdhvagamana ke svabhAva ke dvArA loka ke agra bhAga meM sthira ho jAte haiN| usake Age nahIM jAte kyoMki usake Age gati meM nimitta dharma dravya kA abhAva hai|' isa prakAra jaina darzana meM jIva ko Urdhvagamana svabhAvI mAnate hae bhI use niraMtara gatizIla nahIM mAnA gayA hai| isI prakAra apane zubhAzubha bhAvoM ke AdhAra para svayaM apanA utthAna aura patana karane vAlA hone se jIva ko prabhu (svayaMbhU) bhI kahA gayA hai, kyoMki jIva apanA vinAza aura vikAsa karane meM svataMtra hai| vaha kisI anya zakti ke AdhIna nahIM hai| jIva apanI sadapravRtti se apanI AtmA kA parama vikAsa kara sakatA hai to apanI asad pravRtti ke kAraNa usakI AtmA kA patana bhI saMbhava hai| vaha apanA mAlika svayaM hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM ki vaha svayaM apane vikAsa aura vinAza kA uttaradAyI hai| ata: jIva ko prabhu kahanA sArthaka isI prakAra jIvana ke kisI Adi biMdu ke na hone se jIva ko anAdi tathA bAra-bAra janma-maraNa hote rahane ke bAda bhI AtmA kA samUloccheda nahIM hone se use anidhana kahA gayA hai| jIva ko anidhana kahane kA Azaya yaha hai ki vaha kabhI maratA nahIM hai, arthAt amara hai| "amuka jIva mara gayA" aisA jo kahA jAtA hai vaha aupacArika hai| yahAM mara jAne kA artha itanA hI hai ki usane jisa deha ko dhAraNa kiyA thA, usakA viyoga ho gyaa| jaise eka vyakti purAne vastra utArakara naye vastra dhAraNa karatA hai usI taraha jIva bhI upArjita Ayu ke pUrNa hone para vartamAna deha ko chor3akara navIna deha dhAraNa karatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki hama jise maraNa kahate haiM vaha jIva ke lie deha parivartana kI kriyA hai, sva-vinAza kI kriyA nhiiN| jIva kI vividha avasthAeM jIva tatva ke dArzanika svarUpa ko hamane smjhaa| aba hama usakI vividha avasthAoM ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra kareMge / jIvoM ke bheda kitane haiM ? iMdriyAM kitanI haiM ? unakA kArya kyA hai ? mana kyA hai? gatiyAM kitanI haiM? zarIra se jIva kA saMbaMdha kaisA hai? matya ke uparAMta isa zarIra kA kyA hotA hai ? jIva eka gati se dUsarI gati meM kaise jAtA hai ? jIva kI janma lene kI prakriyA kyA hai tathA vaha navIna zarIra kA nirmANa kaise karatA hai? Adi aneka jijJAsAeM prAyaH logoM ke mana meM uThA karatI haiN| jaina darzana meM inakA vistRta varNana hai| saMkSepa meM hama 1. dharmAstikAyApAvAt ta. sU. 10/8

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78 / jaina dharma aura darzana unakI carcA kreNge| jIva ke bheda jIva ke mukhyata do bheda kie gae haiN| saMsArI aura mukt| saMsaraNa ko saMsAra kahate haiN| jo karmoM ke kAraNa nAnA yoniyoM/gatiyoM meM bhramaNa karate haiM, ve saMsArI haiN| karmoM ko naSTa karake apanI svabhAvika avasthA ko prApta kara sthira rahane vAle zarIrAtIta AtmAoM ko 'mukta' jIva kahate haiN| saMsArI jIva ke trasa aura sthAvara rUpa do bheda haiM jo bhaya khAkara apane bacAva ke liye idhara-udhara bhAga sakate, haiM unheM trasa kahate haiM tathA jo apane bacAva ke lie idhara-udhara bhAga-daur3a nahIM sakate, unheM 'sthAvara' kahate haiN| sthAvara jIva pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati ke bheda se pAMca prakAra ke hote haiN| jo patthara, miTTI Adi pRthvI ko apanA zarIra banAkara rahate haiM unheM "pRthvI kAyika" jIva kahate haiN| jala ko hI apanA zarIra banAkara rahane vAle jIva "jala kAyika" kahalAte haiN| isI prakAra agni ko apanA zarIra banAkara rahane vAle jIva "agni kAyika", vAyu ko apanA zarIra banAkara rahane vAle jIva "vAyu kAyika" tathA saba prakAra kI vanaspatiyoM ko apanA zarIra banAkara rahane vAle jIva "vanaspati kAyika" kahalAte haiN| __ yadyapi ina jIvoM meM jIvatva kA pratibhAsa nahIM ho pAtA phira bhI inameM jIvana hai| anyathA khAna meM par3e padArthoM meM vRddhi dikhanI asaMbhava thii| Adhunika vijJAna bhI ise svIkAratA hai| jaina darzana kI yaha viziSTatA hai ki vaha pRthvI, jala, vAyu aura vanaspati ke sAtha-sAtha agni meM bhI jIvatva svIkAra karatA hai, jo ki bhISaNa agni kAMDa evaM visphoTa ke samaya dekhI jA sakatI hai| jIva kI isa zakti ke samakSa manuSya kI sArI zaktiyoM ko hAra mAnanI par3atI hai| jaise manuSya aura pazuoM ke jIvana ke liye prANa vAyu/oNksIjana anivArya hai vaise hI agni bhI oNksIjana ke sahAre hI jIvita rahatI hai, jalatI hai| oNksIjana rUpa prANavAyu ke abhAva meM agni bujha jAtI hai| yaha usameM jIvatva hone kA sabala pramANa hai| bhale hI Aja kA vijJAna inameM jIvatva na mAnatA ho paraMtu jisa taraha "DaoN. jagadIzacaMdra basu" ke anusaMdhAna ke AdhAra para vanaspati meM jIvatva svIkAra kiyA hai, usI prakAra use Age calakara ina jIvoM meM bhI jIvatva svIkAra karanA pdd'egaa| ye pAMcoM hI sthAvara haiN| inheM 'ekendriya' kahate trasa ke cAra bheda haiM-do iMdriya.tIna iMdriya cAra iMdriya aura pAMca iMdriya vAle jIva / hamAre mana meM yaha prazna uThanA svAbhAvika hai ki iMdriyAM kyA haiM ? AtmA saMsArI dazA meM jinake dvArA jAnatA hai unheM iMdriya kahate haiN| iMdriyAM hI vaha khir3akI haiM jinase 1 "We find that soil is life, and that a living soil mass of micro organic existence, the carth worm, the fuongi and the micro-organism we learn that there is a minimum of 5-millions these denizens to the cubic inch of living soil" -J. Sykes (The Sower, Winter' 1952-53 giranAra gaurava para uta 2 tavA1/166

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jIva aura usakI vividha avasthAe / 79 jhAkakara AtmA bAhara ke padArthoM ko dekha pAtA hai| (idriya zabda idra se banA hai| idra kA artha liga aura cihna bhI hotA hai| jisake dvArA AtmA kI pahacAna ho use idriya kahate hai)' idriyA pAca haiM -sparza, rasanA, ghANa, cakSu tathA zrotra yA karNa idriya / sparza, rasa, gadha, varNa (rUpa) aura zabda kramaza inake viSaya hai| Akha, kAna, nAkAdi jo idriyA hameM dikhAI par3atI haiM vaha idriyo kA bAharI rUpa hai| inhe dravyedriya kahate hai tathA inake AdhAra para AtmA kA jo jJAna rUpa pariNamana hotA hai use bhAvedriya kahate jisake dvArA halkA, bhArI,rUkhA,cikanA, garama, ThaDA, mRdu aura kaThora rUpa ATha prakAra ke sparza kA jJAna hotA hai use 'sparzana' indriya kahate hai| yaha jinake pAyI jAtI hai ve 'ekedriya' kahalAte haiM ,jaise vRkSAdi / khaTTA, mIThA, kaDavA, kasailA aura caraparA rUpa pAca prakAra ke rasa kA jJAna jisa idriya ke mAdhyama se hotA hai, vaha rasanA idriya hai| sparza aura rasanA yaha jina jIvo ke pAyI jAtI hai ve do indriya yA dvindriya kahalAte hai, jaise kRmi, zakha, kauDI, sIpa aadi| sugadha aura durgadha kA jJAna ghrANendriya (nAka) se hotA hai| sparza aura rasanA ke sAtha ghrANendriya jinake pAsa pAyI jAtI hai unhe tIna indriya jIva kahate hai, jaise-cITI,khaTamala , jU, kAna-khajUrA aadi| cakSu indriya kA viSaya rUpa hai jisake dvArA lAla, kAlA, pIlA, nIlA, sapheda Adi vibhinna ragoM/rUpoM kA avalokana karate hai, vaha 'cakSa' indriya hai| yaha jinake pAsa pAyI jAtI hai ve caturindriya kahalAte hai, jaise bhramara, titalI, makkhI Adi / pAcavI indriya zrotra hai| isake dvArA AtmA sAta prakAra ke zabdoM kA jJAna prApta karatA hai| yaha pacendriyoM ke pAyI jAtI hai / manuSya, hAthI, ghoDA, kabUtara Adi saba ke saba pacendriya indriyoM ke vikAsa kA eka nizcita krama hai| bAda kI indriya hone para, pUrva kI indriyA avazya rahatI haiN| isalie pacendriyoM ko sakalendriya kahate haiN| dvi indriya.tri indriya, caturindriya jIva "vikalendriya" kahalAte haiN| kyoMki inake pAsa pUrI indriyA nahI hotI haiN| vikala yAni kama indriyA hai| sajJI asajJI kI apekSA bheda pacendriya jIva sajJI aura asajJI ke bheda se do prakAra ke hote haiN| mana sahita sajJI kahalAte haiN| ye apane hita aura ahita kA nirNaya karane meM samartha rahate hai tathA zikSA AlApAdika ko samajhakara usake artha ko grahaNa karane kI kSamatA rakhate haiN| asajJI jIva sana rahita hote haiN| unameM zikSA AlApAdika ko grahaNa karane kI kSamatA nahIM rhtii| ekendriya se cAra indriya taka ke jIva asajJI hI hote haiM tathA pacendriyoM meM bhI kucha pazu-pakSI hI asajhI hote haiN| zeSa sabhI jIva sajJI kahalAte 1 dhapu 7/6

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80 / jana dhama Ara dazana mana pAca indriyoM ke atirikta eka chaThavI indriya hai mana / ye pAca indriyA to bAhya haiM paratu chaThavI indriya ataraga hai / yaha atyata sUkSma hai / mana eka aisI indriya hai jo sabhI indriyoM ke viSayoM ko grahaNa kara sakatA hai| isIlie ise sarvArthagrAhI indriya kahate haiN| mana ko anindriya kahA gayA hai kyoMki nAka, kAnAdi kI taraha isakA koI nizcita sthAna aura viSaya nahI hai| anindriya kA artha indriya kA abhAva nahIM hai, apitu ISat indriya hai jaise anudarA kanyA kahane kA artha binA udara vAlI kanyA nahI hotA varan aisI kanyA hotA hai jisakA udara garbha dhAraNa karane meM samartha nahI hai / usI prakAra cakSu Adi ke samAna pratiniyata sthAna aura viSaya nahI hone ke kAraNa hI mana ko anindriya kahA gayA hai| anya indriyoM kI taraha bAhya AkAra se rahita hone ke kAraNa ise antakaraNa bhI kahate haiN| yaha sakala sakalpa vikalpoM kA jAla mAnA gayA hai| dravya aura bhAva ke bheda se mana ke bhI do bheda ho jAte haiN| jaina darzana ke anusAra dravyamana ko aSTa pAkhuDI vAle kamala ke AkAra kA hRdaya meM avasthita paugAlika piNDa mAnA gayA hai| isake hI AdhAra para jIva soca-vicAra kara sakatA hai tathA vicAraNAtmaka mana ko bhAva mana kahA gayA hai| gatiyo kI apekSA jIva ke bheda-gatiyoM kI apekSA jIvoM ke cAra bheda haiN| gatiyA cAra hai| naraka, tiryaca, manuSya aura devagati / naraka gati ke jIva "nArakI" kahalAte hai| ve atyata krUra svabhAva vAle, atyata vikarAla aura bhayAnaka AkRti yukta hote haiN| prAya eka dUsare se laDate rahate hai| eka-dUsare ko mArane kATane meM hI ye sukha mAnate haiN| nArakiyo kA AvAsa isa pRthvI ke nIce pAtAla loka meM mAnA gayA hai| manuSyoM ke atarikta sabhI sthAvara, eva trasa jIvo kI sRSTi tiryaca kahalAtI hai| pazu-pakSI to tiryaMca hai hI, kSudra kITa-patage eva pRthvI se vanaspati paryanta sarvasthAvara jIva bhI tiryaMca kahalAte haiN| manuSya to hama loga pratyakSa haiM hii| deva nArakiyoM se bilkula viparIta hote haiN| arthAt ye atyata saumya svabhAva vAle tathA sudara va manohara AkRti vAle hote haiN| inakA jIvana sAdA vinoda aura vilAsa meM vyatIta hotA hai| ye pRthvI se Upara Urdhva loka me rahate hai| devo ke AvAsa ko svarga kahate hai| manuSyo aura tiryaco kI taraha devoM aura nArakiyoM kA zarIra carma aura haDDiyo se yukta nahIM hotA, apitu vizeSa prakAra kA hotA hai| inake zarIra ko vaikriyika zarIra kahate haiN| ye apanI icchAnusAra apane zarIra ko choTA, baDA, halkA, bhArI, eka yA aneka rUpo vAlA banA sakate hai| cAra gatiyo kA yaha sakSipta paricaya hai| isakI vistRta jAnakArI Agama granthoM se prApta karanI caahie| deva, manuSya aura nArakI pacendriya aura sajJI hI hote haiN| tiryaMca gati me ekendriya se lekara cAra indriya taka ke jIva asajJI hI hote haiM tathA pacendriyoM me kucha pazu-pakSI sajJI aura kucha asajJI donoM hote haiN| yahI sakala sasArI jIvoM kA bheda 1 sarvArtha grahaNa mana pramANa mImAsA 1124

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jIva aura usakI vividha avasthAeM / 81 jIva ke zarIra jaina darzana meM pAMca prakAra ke zarIra mAne gae haiM-audArika, vaikriyika, AhAraka, taijasa aura kaarmnn| ___ audArika : manuSya aura tiryaMcoM ke bAhara dikhAI par3ane vAle sthUla zarIra ko 'audArika' zarIra kahate haiN| atyaMta sthUla hone ke kAraNa yaha audArika kahalAtA vaikriyika choTA, bar3A, eka, aneka Adi aneka rUpa banAne ko vikriyA kahate haiN| vikriyA se utpanna hone ke kAraNa ise vaikriyika kahate haiM / yaha deva aura nArakiyoM ke hotA hai tathA kinhIM viziSTa tapasvI muniyoM ko bhI tapa ke prabhAva se yaha prApta hotA hai| yadyapi yaha sthalatA kA ullaMghana nahIM karatA phira bhI audArika zarIra kI apekSA ise sUkSma kahA gayA hai| AhAraka-jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra jaba kisI viziSTa Rddhi sampanna muni ke mana meM koI zaMkA yA anya vikalpa utpanna hotA hai taba unake mastiSka se puruSAkAra zubhra AkRti vAlA putalA nikalatA hai aura apane abhISTa sthAna taka jAkara samAdhAna pAkara lauTa AtA hai ise 'AhAraka' zarIra kahate haiN| yaha virale saMyamiyoM ko hI prApta hotA hai tathA vajra paTalAdika se bhI vyAghAta ko prApta nahIM hotA, isIlie ise avyAghAtI bhI kahate haiN| vaikriyika zarIra kI apekSA yaha aura sakSama hotA taijasa zarIra-audArika aura vaikriyika zarIra meM kAMti aura prakAza utpanna karane vAle zarIra ko 'tejasa' zarIra kahate haiN| teja zabda agni ke artha meM prayukta hai| paMca mahAbhUtoM meM agni ko teja kahA gayA hai| taijasa zabda kA vyutpattilabhya artha bhI yahI hai| yaha aniHsaraNAtmaka aura ni:saraNAtmaka ke bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai| hamAre zarIra meM rakta saMcAra USmA ke kAraNa hotA hai| vaha USmA yahI anisaraNAtmaka taijasa hai. tathA jisa jaTharAgni ke mAdhyama se peTa kA bhojana pakatA hai vaha bhI isI anisaraNAtmaka taijasa kA kArya Adhunika vijJAna kI dRSTi meM hama ise ilaikTrikala baoNDI bhI kaha sakate haiN| 1 (a) taijasamantasteja. zarIroSmA yatobhuktAnAdipAko bhavati / nyAya kumuda caMdra 716 pR. 852 (ba) ihoSmAbhAva lakSaNa teja marva prANiNAmAhAra pAcakam / ta. bhA. haribhadra sUri 2.50 (sa) ja tamaNi smiraNappaya najaiyasarIra ta bhuttaNNapANapAcaya hoduNa acchadi ato / gha. pu. 14/328

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82 / jaina dharma aura darzana samudroM meM kucha aisI machaliyAM bhI pAyI jAtI hai jinake samparka meM Ane se hamAre zarIra ko jhaTakA (SHOCK) lagatA hai| ina saba bAtoM se isakA astitva siddha hotA hai| niHsaraNAtmaka taijasa zubha aura azubha do prakAra kA hotA hai: zubha taijasa :vizva kSema kI bhAvanA se anuprANita saMyama ke nidhAna tapasvI nigraMtha muni ke dAyeM skandha se nikalakara bAraha yojana taka phaile mahAmArI,roga,durbhikSa,dAvAnala Adi ko zAMta kara sukha aura zAMti sthApita karatA hai / yaha saumya AkRti aura zubhra varNa kA hotA hai| azubha taijasa : siMdUrI varNa aura bilAva kI AkRti vAlA azubha taijasa ugra pariNAmI muni ke bAyeM kaMdhe se nikalakara bAraha yojana taka ke kSetra meM sthita apane bairI ko bhasma kara DAlatA hai tathA adhika dera Thaharane para svayaM bhI (muni kA zarIra) bhasma ho jAtA hai| anisaraNAtmaka taijasa zarIra sabhI saMsArI jIvoM ko hotA hai| yaha dIvAla.parvata evaM vajra paTalAdika se pratighAta ko prApta nahIM hotaa| isIlie ise apratighAti kahate haiN| yaha audArikAdi tInoM zarIroM se sUkSma hotA hai| kArmaNa zarIra : aSTa karmoM ke samUha rUpa zarIra ko kArmaNa zarIra kahate haiN| yaha jIva ke samasta karmoM kA prarohaka tathA utpAdaka hai| sabhI darzanoM meM ise sUkSma zarIra mAnA gayA hai| yaha samasta sukha-duHkhoM kA bIja hai| yadyapi yaha zarIra dikhAI nahIM detA kiMta isake binA audArikAdi zarIra bhI Tika nahIM pAte / mRtyu ke samaya yaha bAhara kA sthUla zarIra hI chUTatA hai paraMtu yaha kArmaNa zarIra nahIM chuutttaa| yaha janma-janmAMtaroM se jIva ke sAtha calA A rahA hai| taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra kA jIva ke sAtha anAdi saMbaMdha hai / jaba jIva apane puruSArtha ke dvArA karmoM ko naSTa karatA hai tabhI yaha kArmaNa zarIra apanA sAtha chor3atA hai| vastutaH kArmaNa vargaNAoM kA jIva se pathaka ho jAnA hI karmoM kA vinAza hai| manuSya ke sAre saMskAra isa kArmaNa zarIra se hI prerita haiN| ise saMskAra zarIra bhI kahA jAtA hai| dehAMtara gamana kI prakriyA : mRtyu ke bAda jaise hamAre karma saMskAra rahate haiM vaisI hI hameM gati milatI hai| usa samaya yaha sthUla zarIra yahIM chUTa jAtA hai| jIvAtmA kArmaNa zarIra ke sahAre hI agalI yoni taka jAtA hai| navIna zarIra dhAraNa karane ke lie hone vAlI isa gati ko vigraha gati kahate haiM / jisa prakAra havAI jahAja apane vAyu patha se jAtA hai usI prakAra dehAMtara ke pratigamana karane vAlA jIva bhI apane patha se hI jAtA hai| vaha Ar3A, tirachA nahIM jAtA apitu bilkula sIdhA jAtA hai| kapar3e meM rahane vAle tAnA-bAnA kI taraha saMpUrNa AkAza meM Upara-nIce cAroM dizAoM meM isake sUkSma patha bane hue haiM, ise anuzreNI kahate haiM / inase hI gujarakara jIvAtmA agalI yoni taka pahuMcatA hai| dehAMtara-gamana kI isa prakriyA meM 1. aphrIkA ke eka ijIniyara ne "sAiMTisTa sIkadi sola nAmaka lekha likhA hai jisake anusAra pratyeka prANI ke zarIra meM eka nizcita parimANa meM vidyut zakti hotI hai| manuSya ke zarIra meM lagabhaga 500 volTa vidyut hotI hai| mRtyu ke samaya vaha vidyuta nikala jAtI hai| isase jaina darzana meM mAne gae taijasa zarIra kI siddhi hotI hai| -jaina darzana ke vijJAna sammata katipaya siddhAMta DaoN. kaMchedI lAla jaina makkhana lAla smRti graMtha pRSTha 328 2. tavA2/99/8.2/4191

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jIva aura usakI vividha avasthAeM / 83 use adhika-se-adhika tIna bAra mur3anA par3atA hai tathA adhikatama cAra samaya meM vaha apanI agalI yoni meM pahuMca jAtA hai| zarIra nirmANa kA krama-yoni sthAna meM praveza karate hI yaha jIva vahAM apane zarIra-nirmANa ke yogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa/AhAra kara apane zarIra-nirmANa kI prakriyA prAraMbha kara detA hai / isa prakriyA meM vaha sarvaprathama kucha viziSTa prakAra kI zaktiyAM ina vargaNAoM ke bala se prApta karatA hai, inheM paryApti kahate haiN| tatpazcAt vaha kramazaH zarIra, iMdriya, zvAsocchavAsa bhASA aura mana kA nirmANa karatA hai| isa kArya meM use jyAdA samaya nahIM lagatA apitu aMtarmuhUrta (kucha miniTa) meM vaha uparokta chahoM kArya pUrNa kara letA hai| inakA prAraMbha to vaha eka sAtha karatA hai kiMtu pUrNatA kramazaH hotI hai, joki aMtarmuhUrta ke bhItara ho jAtI hai| paryAptiyoM ko pUrI karane para vaha apane zarIra ke nirmANa meM samartha ho jAtA hai| jina jIvoM kI paryAptiyAM pUrI ho jAtI haiM ve paryAptaka kahalAte haiM tathA kucha aise bhI jIva haiM jo zarIra-nirmANa kI kriyA prAraMbha to karate haiM kintu ve paryApti rUpa zaktiyoM ko pUrNa nahIM kara pAne ke kAraNa apane zarIra ko vikasita nahIM kara pAte, unheM aparyAptaka kahate haiM / ina paryAptiyoM ke bala se hI jIva jIvana-paryaMta AhArAdi vargaNAoM ko grahaNa kara unakA upayoga karane meM samartha ho pAtA hai| prati samaya Ane vAle pudgala paramANuoM ko vaha isI ke dvArA AhAra,zarIra, iMdriya Adi rUpa pariNamAtA hai / janma jaina dharma meM do prakAra kA janma mAnA gayA hai-pahalA eka gati se dUsarI gati meM jAne para utpatti kA jo prathama samaya hai, vaha janma hai tathA dUsarA janma yoni niSkramaNa rUpa/jaba jIva garbha se nikalatA hai taba / yoni niSkramaNa rUpa janma ke tIna bheda haiM--upapAda, garbha aura smmuurchn| upapAda (INSTANTANCOUS RISE)-utpanna hote hI calane-phirane ko upapAda kahate haiN| devoM aura nArakiyoM kA janma isI rIti se hotA hai isIlie inheM aupapAdika bhI kahate haiN| ve utpanna hone ke kucha hI kSaNoM meM (aMtarmuhUrta) apane zarIra kA nirmANa kara lete haiN| unakI avasthA solaha varSIya kizora kI taraha hotI hai| garbha (CTERINE BIRTH)- mAtA ke udara meM raja aura vIrya ke saMyoga se jo janma hotA hai use garbha janma kahate haiN| yaha tIna prakAra kA hotA hai-jarAyaja aMDaja aura pota / jarAyuja (UMBILICAL) BIRTH IN A YALK SACK)- janma ke samaya jinake zarIra para jAla kI taraha kA AvaraNa rahatA hai, unheM jarAyuja kahate haiN| manuSya, gAya Adi pazu ye saba jarAyuja hI haiM kyoMki inakA janma isI taraha hotA hai| aMDaja (INCUBATORY)- aMDoM se utpanna hone vAle jIvoM ko aMDaja kahate haiN| pota (LNLMBILICAL)- BIRTH WITHOUT ANY SACK - jo yoni se nikalate hI calane-phirane lagate haiM ve pota kahalAte haiN| inake zarIra para jAla kI taraha kA koI AvaraNa nahIM rahatA hai| hiraNa, kaMgArU,siMha Adi isI taraha janma dhAraNa karate haiN|

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84 / jaina dharma aura darzana ina tInoM prakAra ke janma meM raja aura vIrya ke saMyoga kI anivAryatA hai| usake binA inakI utpatti nahIM hotii| Aja jo TesTa TyUba bebI kahalAtI hai vaha bhI isI janma ke atargata hI AtI hai| aMtara mAtra itanA hai ki usameM kRtrima tarIke se poSaNa kiyA jAtA hai| sammaUna (SPOHTANEOUS GENERATION)-Upara-nIce. Age-pIche saba ora se pudgala paramANuoM ko grahaNa kara apane zarIra kA nirmANa karane vAle jIva sammUrchana kahalAte haiN| isameM mAtA-pitA ke raja vIrya ke saMyoga kI apekSA nahIM hotii| zarIra vikAsa kI sArI sAmagrI vAtAvaraNa se grahaNa karate haiN| sabhI prakAra ke per3a-paudhe, zeSa ekeMdriya tathA dviiMdriyAdi kIr3e-makor3e isI janma vAle hote haiN| cIMTiyoM ke jo aMDe dekhe jAte haiM vaha bhI sammUrchana hI haiM kyoMki ve raja vIrya ke saMyoga se utpanna nahIM hote| isa prakAra isa adhyAya meM hamane jAnA ki jIva upayogavAna amUrta hai, apane pariNAmoM kA kartA aura bhoktA hai| zarIra pramANa AkAra vAlA hai| saMsArI aura siddha hai sAtha hI Urdhvagati svabhAva vAlA hai| eka jIva dUsarI gati meM kaise jAtA hai| mRtyu ke bAda jIva ke sthUla evaM sUkSma zarIroM ke rUpa ko tathA jIva ke dehAMtara gamana kI prakriyA aura usake janma ko samajhA / aba agale adhyAya meM pudgalAdi ajIva dravyoM kA kathana kreNge| 'samajhadAroM kA pAgalapana' yaha satya hai ki vijJAna ne dik aura kAla para vijaya prApta kara lI hai| vaijJAnika takanIka ne manuSya ko caMdramA para pahuMcA diyA hai| vijJAna ne manuSya ke hAtha meM paramANu kI asIma zakti dI hai| jisase bhautikatA ke mAmale meM manuSya atyaMta samRddha ho gayA hai| paraMtu AtmikatA aura AtmIyatA ke kSetra meM vaha atyaMta vipanna ho gayA hai| usakI mahAtvAkAMkSA ne use bhItara se tor3a kara rakha diyA hai| kisI vicAraka ne ThIka hI likhA hai, manuSya jo bananA cAhatA hai aura jo hai usake bIca vinAzakArI asaMtulana hai|" yaha virodha hamArI azaMti kA kAraNa hai| hama bAta samajhadAra vyaktiyoM kI taraha karate haiM aura vyavahAra pAgaloM kI taraha se / manuSya ne bAhya padArtha to aMta taka jAna liyA hai paraMtu use apane aMtara kA apane ApakA koI jJAna nahIM hai / vaha apane sAmane hI dIna-hIna ho gayA hai, vaha apane Apase TUTa gayA hai| Atma ajJAna ke kAraNa kahIM zaraNa nahIM mila sakatI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anusAra bAhara kI koI bhI vastu dharA-dhAma, dhana-saMpatti, strI, putra, koI hamAre zaraNa nahIM ho sakate / manuSya mAtra AtmA meM.dharma meM zaraNa pA sakatA hai|

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* ajIva tatva pudgala dravya paramANu skadha kadho ke bheda kadhotpatti kA kAraNa tatva mUlata eka hI hai pudgala kI paryAya dharma dravya, adharma dravya AkAza dravya kAla dravya kAla cakra pacAstikAya

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ajIva tatva pudgala dravya yaha eka acetana aura mUrta dravya hai / anya darzanoM meM yaha bhUta tathA Adhunika vijJAna meM ise maiTara (Matter) athavA enarjI (Energy) ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| 'pudgala' zabda bahuta arthapUrNa hai, yaha jaina darzana kA viziSTa pArabhiASika zabda hai / yaha 'puda' aura 'gala' ke yoga se banA hai| 'puda' kA artha hotA hai - pUrNa honA, milanA / jur3anA; 'gala' kA artha hotA hai-- galanA / haTanA / TUTanA / pudgala paramANu skaMdha avasthA meM paraspara milakara alaga-alaga hote rahate haiM tathA alaga-alaga hokara milate-jur3ate rahate haiN| inameM TUTa-phUTa hotI rahatI hai| TUTane aura jur3ane ko vijJAna kI bhASA meM phyUjana eNDa phijana (Fusion and Fission) kaha sakate haiN| pUraNa- galana svabhAvI hone se isakI 'pudgala' yaha sArthaka saMjJA hai / ' jagat meM jo kucha bhI hamAre chUne, jakhane, dekhane yA sUMghane meM AtA hai vaha saba yaha paudgalika piNDa hI hai / sparza, rasa, gaMdha aura varNa isake vizeSa guNa haiM, 2 isalie ise rUpI yA mUrtika kahA jAtA hai, rUpitva isakA lakSaNa hai| jagat meM aisA koI bhI pudgala nahIM hai jisameM sparza, rasAdi guNa na pAye jAte hoN| chaha dravyoM meM yahI ekamAtra rUpI dravya hai, 3 zeSa pAca arUpI haiN| yaha mUlata: paramANu rUpa hai anya paramANuoM se saMyukta ho jAne ke kAraNa yaha skaMdha rUpa bhI ho jAtA hai 1 paramANu pudgala kI sUkSmatama ikAI paramANu hai / yaha pudgala kI svAbhAvika avasthA hai tathA yaha pudgala kA avibhAjya aura aMtima aMga hai / isake bAda isakA koI aura Tukar3A nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jaise kisI biMdu kA koI ora-chora nahIM hotA, vaise hI paramANu kA koI Adi aura aMta biMdu nahIM hai / isakA Adi, madhya aura aMta yaha svayaM hai / isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki vaha nirAkAra hai| apitu paramANu pramANa hI usakA AkAra hai| jagat kA koI bhI padArtha nirAkAra nahIM hai| Aja bhautika vijJAna jise paramANu mAnatA hai, jaina dRSTi se vaha ananta paramANuoM kA puMja hai| 1 ta.vA. 5/1/24, pR 211 2 sparza rasa gadha varNa vataH pudgalA; ta. sU. 5/23 3 rUpiNaH pudgalA; va. sU. 5/5 4 niyamasAra gAthA 36

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88 / jaina dharma aura darzana kyoMki usameM ilekTraoNna, proTaoNna, nyUTaoNna, paoNjiTrAna Adi kaNa pAe gae haiN| aba to usameM mezaoNna, kvArka Adi kaNa bhI dekhe gae haiM tathA abhI aura bhI anya kaNa dekhe jAne kI sabhAvanA hai| jaina dRSTi se paramANu meM aura koI vibhAga kaNa yA bheda sabhava nahI hai| yaha usakI atima ikAI hai / ise avibhAgI kahA gayA hai, atyata sUkSma hone se yaha kisI bhI idriya yA yatra ke dvArA dekhA bhI nahI jA sktaa| isa bAta kI puSTi pille vizvavidyAlaya ke prophesara jaoNna bhI karate haiM, ve kahate haiM- "hama paramANu ko nahI dekha sakate yadi Aja ke sUkSmadarzI yatroM se lAkha guNA sUkSma yatra bhI banA lie jAe to bhI use dekha pAnA asabhava hai|" unhI ke zabdoM meM "We can not see atoms either and never shell be able to Even if they werc a million times bigger, it would still be impossible to see them even with the most powerfull micro-scope that has been made ,, 1 paramANu, skadhoM kA atima rUpa hai| 2 yadyapi paramANu zAzvata hone se nitya hai / phira bhI usakI utpatti skadhoM ke TUTane se hotI hai arthAt aneka paramANuoM kA piDa rUpa skadha jaba eka-dUsare se vighaTata hokara TUTate haiM, taba usake atima rUpa paramANu kI utpatti hotI hai / isa dRSTi se paramANu kI utpatti bhI mAnI gaI hai| yaha eka pradezI hotA hai / 3 pradeza AkAza kI sUkSmatama ikAI hai| AkAza ke jitane hisse ko eka pudgala paramANu gheratA hai, vaha pradeza kahalAtA hai| pratyeka pudgala paramANu meM snigdha, rukSa tathA zIta aura USNa rUpa cAra meM koI do sparza, khaTTA, mIThA, kaDavA, kasailA aura tikta rUpa pAca rasa me koI eka rasa, kAlA, pIlA, lAla sapheda aura nIlA ina pAca ragoM meM se koI eka raga tathA sugaMdha yA durga meM se koI eka gadha anivArya rUpa se pAe jAte haiN| skaMdha do Adi aneka paramANuo ke yoga se banI pudgala paramANu kI sayukta paryAya skadha kahalAtI hai / hamArI dRSTi patha meM Ane vAle samasta padArtha paudgAlika skadha hI hai| yaha do, tIna Adi sakhyAta, asakhyAta aura anata pradezI hotA hai| pudgala me vizeSa prakAra kI pariNamana kSamatA rahatI hai, jisake bala para yaha apanA sUkSma pariNamana bhI kara letA hai| AkAza ke eka pradeza meM hI eka ko Adi lekara sakhyAta, asakhyAta aura anata pudgala paramANu svataMtra rUpa se yA skadha rUpa meM bhI raha sakate haiN| hama dekhate bhI haiM ki dUdha se labAlaba bhare gilAsa meM zakkara Adi Thosa padArtha DAlane para vaha bhI usame samA jAtA hai athavA bijalI ke Thosa tAra bhI vidyuta 1 An out line for boys Girls and their parents, (Collaucery) section Chemistry Page 261 pa kA 77 2 3 nANo ta sU 5/11 4 drasa 27 5 pa. kA 82 6 ta sU 5/10 7 sarvA si. pR 212

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ajIva tatva-pudgala dravya / 89 pravAhita ho jAtI hai| yaha saba pudgala ke sUkSma pariNamana kSamatA ke udAharaNa haiN| apane isI sUkSma pariNamana kSamatA ke kAraNa eka pradeza meM hI aneka paramANu avagAhita ho jAte haiN|' skaMdhoM ke bheda skaMdhoM kI sthUlatA aura sUkSmatA kI apekSA inake chaha bheda kiye gaye haiM 1. sthUla-sthUla : jo padArtha chinna-bhinna karane para apane Apa nahIM jur3a sakate hoM tathA jinheM eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna taka AsAnI se le jAyA jA sakatA hai| jaise-patthara, lakar3I,dhAtu Adi Thosa padArtha (Solid Things) / 2. sthUla : jinheM eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna taka le jAyA jA sakatA hai kiMtu chinna-bhinna karane para jo svayaM jur3a jAte haiN| jaise dUdha, pAnI, tela Adi tarala padArtha / (Liquid Things) 3. sthUla-sUkSma : jo netraMdriya ke dvArA dekhI jA sakeM kiMtu pakar3a meM na A sake, jaise chAyA, prakAza Adi / cUMki ye dikhate haiM isIlie sthUla haiM tathA pakar3a meM na Ane ke kAraNa inheM sUkSma kahate haiM / (Solid Fine Things) 4. sUkSma-sthUla : jo AMkhoM se to nahIM dikhate hoM kiMtu zeSendriyoM ke dvArA jo anubhava kiye jAte haiM / jaise--havA, gaMdha, rasa zabda Adi / (Fine Solid Things) 5. sUkSma : jo kisI bhI indriya kA viSaya na bne| jaise kArmaNa-skaMdha/cuMbakIya vidyut kiraNoM ko bhI isameM garbhita kara sakate haiM / (Fine Matter) 6. sUkSma-sUkSma : atyaMta sUkSma dvayaNuka skaMdha ko sUkSma-sUkSma skaMdha kahate haiN| yaha skaMdhoM kI aMtima ikAI hai| (Very Fine Matter) ye chahoM bheda skaMdhoM kI sthUlatA aura sUkSmatA kI taratamatA kI apekSA kie gae haiN| jinakA do bAra ullekha hai ve usake utkRSTatA ke pratIka hai tathA madhyama aMza darzAne ke liye 1 paramANuoM kA samAsIkaraNa-padArtha kI sUkSma pariNati ke sabadha meM vaijJAnikoM kI pahuca isa parAkASThA taka to nahI huI hai kiMtu Aye dina aise nivir3a/saghana padArthoM kA patA cala rahA hai, jo paramANuoM kI sUkSma pariNati ke viSaya me jaina dArzanikoM dvArA kahI gaI bAtoM kI puSTi karate haiM / sAdhAraNata: isa pRthvI para sonA, pArA, zIzA va pleTInama bhArI padArtha mAne jAte haiM / eka iskvAyara ica kATa ke Tukar3e meM aura utane hI bar3e lohe ke Tukar3e meM bhAra kA kitanA atara hai, yaha spaSTa hai| isakA ekamAtra kAraNa paramANuoM kI nivir3atA saghanatA hai / jitane AkAza khaDa ko kASTa ke thor3e se paramANuoM ne ghera liyA utane hI AkAza khaNDa meM adhikAdhika paramANu ekatrita hokara khanija padArtha ke rUpa meM raha jAte haiM / isa AkAza meM aise bhI graha piNDa dekhe gae haiM jo pleTInama se do hajAra gunA saghana hai / aise graha piNDo kI saghanatA kA varNana eka suprasiddha vaijJAnika ina zabdoM meM karate haiM' "ina AkAzIya piNDoM meM se kucha eka meM padArtha itanI saghanatA se bharA hai ki eka kyUbika ica Tukar3e meM 27 mana vajana hotA hai| sabase choTA tArA jo abhI hAla meM khojA gayA hai usake eka kyUbika ica meM 16740 mana vajana hotA hai| 'kyA kabhI koI kalpanA bhI kara sakatA hai ki eka kyUbika ica Tukar3e ko uThAne meM bar3e se bar3e krena bhI asaphala raha jAyeMge? kyA koI kalpanA kara sakatA hai ki eka choTA-sA delA Upara se girakara bar3e se bar3e bhavana ko bhI tor3a sakatA hai? kahA jAtA hai jyeSThA nakSatra itanA bhArI hai ki agUThI ke eka naga jitane Tukar3e meM ATha mana vajana hotA hai| -jaina darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna 2. pa. kA 76

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90 / jaina dharma aura darzana eka bAra kahA gayA hai| sthUla aura sUkSma meM jo pahale kahA gayA hai usakI adhikatA hai tathA bAda vAle ko nyUnatA hai| sthUla sUkSma rUpa prakAzAdi meM sthUlatA adhika hai tathA sUkSmatA km| sUkSma-sthUla zabdAdi meM sUkSmatA adhika hai sthUlatA km| aMgrejI ke Positive Degree,Comparative Degree, Superlative Degree kI taraha ina chaha bhedoM ko kramaza: sthUlatama,sthUlatara, sthUla, sUkSma, sUkSmatara,sUkSmatama rUpa se bhI kaha sakate haiN| skaMdhotpatti : pudgala paramANuoM ke piNDa rUpa skaMdhoM kI utpatti tIna prakAra se hotI hai| bheda se arthAt eka dUsare se bichur3akara vighaTita hokara, saMghAta se arthAt eka dUsare se jur3akara saMyojita hokara tathA bheda saMghAta se arthAt bichur3akara aura judd'kr| 1. bheda se : bheda kA artha hotA hai--TUTanA, bichudd'naa| jaise IMTa, patthara Adi ko tor3ane se unake do yA adhika Tukar3e ho jAte haiM vaise hI aneka pudgaloM ke piNDa rUpa kisI bar3e skaMdha ke TUTane se utpanna skaMdhoM ko 'bheda-janya skaMdha' kahate haiN| 2. saMghAta se : 'saMghAta' kA artha hotA hai--'jur3anA' / do yA adhika paramANu aura skaMdhoM ke paraspara jur3ane se utpanna skaMdha saMghAta-janya skaMdha' kahate haiN| 3. bheda-saMghAta se : arthAt TUTakara aura jur3akara / eka hI sAtha kisI skaMdha se TUTakara anya skaMdhoM se jur3ane se utpanna bheda-saMghAtajanya-skaMdha' kahalAte haiM / (jaise TAyara ke chidra se nikalatI haI vAya usI kSaNa bAhara kI vAya meM mila jAtI hai| yahAM eka hI samaya meM bheda-saMghAta donoM haiM / bAhara se nikalane vAlI vAyu kA TAyara ke bhItara kI vAyu se 'bheda' hai,tathA bAhara kI vAyu se 'sNghaat)| tInoM prakAra ke skaMdha do ko Adi lekara saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura anaMta aNu vAle raha sakate haiM / paramANu kI utpatti skaMdhoM ke vighaTana arthAt bheda se hI hotI hai| skaMdhotpatti kA kAraNa pudgala paramANuoM meM svabhAva se snigdhatA aura rUkSatA hotI hai jinake kAraNa inakA paraspara baMdha hotA hai| pariNamanazIla pudgaloM ke isa snigdha aura rUkSatva guNa ke kAraNa aisA rAsAyanika pariNamana hotA hai ki ve paraspara milakara eka rUpa ho jAte haiN| isI se skaMdhoM kI utpatti hotI hai| inheM zaktyaMza kahate haiN| snigdha kA artha dhana vidyata dharmitA tathA rUkSa kA artha RNa vidyutA dharmitA hai)| isI snigdha aura rUkSa zakti ke kAraNa pudgala paramANu paraspara meM baMdhate rahate haiN| usameM bhI zarta yaha hai ki jaghanya arthAt eka zaktyaMza vAle paramANu kA kisI se bhI baMdhana nahIM hotaa| snigdha, snigdha-snigdha,rUkSa tathA rUkSa-rUkSa evaM rUkSa-snigdha paramANuoM kA baMdha tabhI saMbhava hai jaba inameM se kisI eka meM do guNa kI dhikatA ho, isase hIna yA adhika nhiiN|' paraspara samAna zaktyazoM ke hone para bhI inakA baMdha nahIM hotaa| samajhane ke lie, do guNa vAle paramANuoM kA sadRza yA visadRza cAra guNa 1. ta. sU.5/26 2. ta sU.5/33 3. ta. sU.5/34 4. ta. sU.5/36 5. tasU.5/35

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ajIva tatva-pudagala dravya/91 vAle paramANu ke sAtha to baMdha saMbhava hai kitu tIna yA pAMca zaktyaMzoM vAle paramANu baMdha ko prApta nahIM ho sakate / do kI adhikatA honA anivArya hai| baMdhakAla meM adhika guNa vAle paramANu, alpa guNa vAle paramANuoM ko apane rasa, raMga, gaMdha aura sparza rUpa pariNamA lete haiN|' isI rAsAyanika prakriyA ke dvArA do ko Adi lekara saMkhyAta asaMkhyAta aura anaMta aNu vAle skaMdha banate haiN| pratyeka pudgala meM sparza, rasa, gaMdha aura varNa ye cAra guNa pAye jAte haiM / ThaMDA, garma, halkA, bhArI, rUkhA, cikanA, kaThora, mRdu ATha prakAra ke sparza; khaTTA, mIThA, kar3avA, kasailA aura tikta pA~ca prakAra ke rasa, kAlA, pIlA, nIlA, lAla aura sapheda pA~ca prakAra ke varNa tathA sugaMdha aura durgaMdha rUpa do gaMdha, isa prakAra kula 20 paryAyeM haiN| inameM se skaMdhoM meM ThaNDA, garma Adi ATha rksazoM meM se aviruddha koI cAra sparza, pA~ca varNa meM se koI eka varNa pA~ca rasa meM se koI eka rasa tathA do gaMdha meM se koI eka gaMdha anivArya rUpa se pAye jAte haiN| paramANu meM kaThora, mRdupana tathA halkA, bhArIpana nahIM pAye jAne se eka kAla meM koI do hI sparza pAye jAte haiN| tattva mUlataH eka hI hai kucha dArzanika pRthvI meM sparzAdi cAroM, jala meM gaMdha rahita tIna, agni meM mAtra sparza aura 1 ta sU 5/37 vizeSa-jaina darzanakAro ne jaise snigdhatva aura rUkSatva ko badhana kA kAraNa mAnA hai, vaijJAnikoM ne padArtha ke dhana-vidyuta eva RNa-vidyut arthAt paoNjeTiva aura nigeTiva ina do svabhAvoM ko badhana kA kAraNa mAnA hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra jahA snigdha aura rUkSatva padArtha mAtra meM milatA hai vahI Adhunika vijJAna ke anusAra dhana-vidyut aura RNa-vidyut padArtha mAtra meM milatI hai / vastuta jaina darzanakAro eva Adhunika vaijJAnikoM kI bAta meM koI pharka nahI hai mAtra zabda bheda hI hai / jaina darzana meM snigdha aura rUkSatva ke nAma se tathA vaijJAnika use dhana-vidyut aura RNa vidyut ke nAma kahate haiN| prophesara jI Ara jaina ke anusAra bhI snigdha aura rUkSatva vaijJAnika paribhASA me nigeTiva aura paoNjeTiva hai ve likhate haisarvArtha-siddhi me pUjyapAda svAmI ne likhA hai 'snigdharUkSaguNanimittovidyuta' arthAt bAdaloM meM snigdha aura rUkSa guNo ke kAraNa vidyut kI utpatti hotI hai| isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki snigdha aura rUkSa kA artha cikanA aura khuradarA nahI hai| ye donoM vAstava meM bahuta Teknikala artha meM prayukta hai| jisa taraha eka anapar3ha DrAivara baiTarI ke eka tAra ko ThaDA tathA dUsare ko garma kahatA hai (yadyapi unameM na koI tAra ThaDA hotA hai na koI garama) aura vijJAna kI bhASA meM jinhe paoNjeTiva aura nigeTiva kahA jAtA hai, ThIka usI taraha jaina dharma meM snigdha aura rukSa zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| DaoN vI ena zIla ne apanI kebija se prakAzita pustaka 'Postive Sciences of ancient Hindu' meM spaSTa likhA hai "jainAcAryoM ko yaha bAta mAlUma thI ki bhinna-bhinna vastuoM ko Apasa meM ragar3ane se paoNjeTiva aura nigeTiva vidyuta utpanna kI jA sakatI hai|" ina bAtoM ke samakSa isameM koI sadeha nahI raha jAtA ki snigdha kA artha paoNjeTiva aura rUkSa kA artha nigeTiva vidyut hai / dekhe-tIrthaMkara mahAvIra smRti pratha, gvAliyara, pR 275-76 2 sparza rasa gadha varNa vataH pudgalAH, ta sU. 5/23 3 pudgala kI uparyukta paribhASA ke viSaya meM eka prazna aura bhI upasthita ho sakatA hai, vaha yaha ki jaina siddhAtakAroM ne varNa ko pAca hI prakAra kA kyoM mAnA, jabaki saura varNa paTa (Solar Spectrum) meM sAta varNa hote hai aura prAkRtika-aprAkRtika varNa (Natural & Pigmentory Colours) bahuta se hote haiN| isakA uttara yaha hai ki varNa se unakA tAtparya saura varNa paTa ke varNoM athavA anya vargoM se nahI hai, pratyut *

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92 / jaina dharma aura darzana rUpa tathA vAyu meM ekamAtra sparza guNa mAnate haiN| ina cAroM meM pRthak-pRthak jAti ke guNa hone se cAra prakAra ke pRthak-pRthak dravya bhI mAnate haiN| kiMtu jaina darzana ke anusAra ye cAroM pRthaka-pRthaka jAti ke dravya nahIM haiN| pratyeka paramANu meM cAroM prakAra ke guNa ani rUpa se haiN| yaha to saMbhava hai ki kisI meM koI guNa pUrNataH abhivyakta ho tathA kisI meM koI guNa pUrNa rUpa se prakaTa na ho, kiMtu isakA yaha artha kadApi nahIM hai ki unameM ve guNa pAe hI nahIM jAte anyathA sIpa ke peTa meM par3ane vAlA jala, pArthiva motI na bana paataa| hAiDrojana aura oNksIjana rUpa vAyu ke milane se jala kI utpatti na ho pAtI tathA pArthiva IMdhana se agni kI utpatti bhI asaMbhava thI kyoMki pratyeka paramANu bhinna jAti vAle haiN| ve paraspara virodhI kArya nahIM kara skte| Adhunika vijJAna kI isa mAnyatA ne jaina darzana mAnya paramANu kI jAtIya viSayaka dhAraNA kI aura puSTi kara dI hai| pUrva meM vijJAna ne 92 mUla tattva mAne the| (mUla tattva kA lakSaNa karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki eka tattva dUsare tattva rUpa pariNata nahIM hote) kiMtu dhIre-dhIre vijJAna kI yaha mAnyatA badala gayI aura vaha 92 se ghaTakara eka mAtra eka tattva taka pahuMca gayA hai| Aja aise anekoM prayoga ho cuke haiM jisase pArA ke paramANuoM ko prayoga dvArA vikhaMDita kara sonA banAyA gayA pudgala ke usa mUla-guNa (Fundaniental Property) se hai, jisakA prabhAva hamArI Akha kI putalI para lakSita hotA hai aura hamAre mastiSka meM rakta, pIta, kRSNa Adi AbhAsa karAtA hai / ApTikala sosAyaTI oNpha amerikA (Optical Society of America) ne varNa kI nimnalikhita paribhASA dI hai, "varNa eka vyApaka zabda hai, jo Akha ke kRSNa paTala (Retuna) aura usase sabaddha zirAoM kI kriyA se udbhUta AbhAsa ko sUcita karatA hai / rakta, pIta, nIla, zveta, kRSNa isake udAharaNa svarUpa prastuta kiye jA sakate haiN|" paMcavarNoM kA siddhAMta-pacavoM kA siddhAta isa prakAra samajhAyA jA sakatA hai-yadI kisI vastu kA tApa bar3hAyA jAe to sarvaprathama usameM se addazya (Dark) tApa kiraNeM (Heat Rays) nissarita (Emitted) hotI hai| usake anatara vaha rakta varNa kiraNe chor3atI hai aura adhika tApa bar3hAne se vaha pIta varNa kiraNeM chor3atI haiM aura phira usameM se zveta-varNa kiraNeM nissarita hotI hai| yadi usakA tApa aura adhika bar3hAyA jAye to nIla varNa kiraNeM bhI udbhUta ho sakatI hai| zrI meghanAda zAha aura bI. ela. zrIvAstava ne apanI pustaka meM likhA hai ki kucha tAre nIla-zveta razmiyAM chor3ate haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki usakA tApamAna bahuta adhika hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki ye pAca varNa aise prAkRtika varNa hai jo kisI bhI pudgala se vibhinna tApa mAnoM (Temperature) para udbhUta ho sakate hai aura isalie pudgala ke mUlaguNa (Fundamental Properties) hai / vaise jaina vicArakoM ne varNa ke anata bheda mAne haiN| hama saura varNa paTa ke varSoM meM (Spectrum Colours) dekhate hai ki yadi rakta se lekara kAsanI (Violet) taka taraMga-pramANoM (Wavelengths) kI vibhinna avasthitiyoM (Stages) kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAe to inake anata hone ke kAraNa varNa bhI anata prakAra ke siddha hoMge, kyoMki yadi eka prakAza taraMga (Light-wave) pramANa (Length) meM dUsarI prakAra taraga se anataveM bhAga (Infinitesimal Amount) bhI nyUnAdhika hotI hai to ve taraMgeM do visadRza varNoM ko sUcita karatI hai| isa prakAra jaina-dArzanikoM kI pudgala kI paribhASA tarka va vijJAna sammata siddha hotI hai|| -paM. caMdAbAI abhinaMdana graMtha, pa. 266-267 (a) "Colour is the general term for all Sensations. arising from the activity of retina and its attached Nervous Mechanism. It may be examplified by the errumeration of characteristic ins-tances, such as red, yellow, blue, black and white...." (b) Some of the Stars shine with a bluish-white light which indicates that their temeratures must be very high. -M.N. Saha& B.N. Shrivastava

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ajIva tatva-pudgala dravya / 93 hai| usI taraha yUreniyama se pleTinama aura zIzA Adi banAye gae haiN| yaha saba mUla tattvoM ke eka hone para hI saMbhava ho pAyA hai| anyathA eka padArtha se dUsare padArtha kI utpatti asaMbhava thii| ataH Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM bhinna jAtIya paramANuoM kI carcA kalpanA mAtra hai| pudgala ke paryAya zabda, baMdha, sUkSmatA, sthUlatA, saMsthAna, bheda, tama, chAyA, Atapa aura udyota-ye saba pudgala ke paryAya haiN| zabda-dhvani rUpa pariNAma ko zabda kahate haiN| jaina darzana meM zabda ko pudgala kI paryAya kahA gayA hai / vaizeSika zabda ko AkAza kA guNa batAkara use AkAza kI taraha amUrta mAnate haiM, kiMtu zabda AkAza kA guNa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki yaha mUrta iMdriyoM kA viSaya hai| yadi yaha AkAza kA guNa hotA, to AkAza kI taraha vyApaka aura amUrta hone se kisI bhI iMdriya kA viSaya nahIM bana paataa| zabda dIvAra Adi pratibaMdhaka kAraNoM ke Ane para avaruddha ho jAte haiN| zabda kI tIvra AvAja se kAna ke parde taka phaTa jAte haiM tathA tIvra zabda ke Age sakSma zabda daba bhI jAte haiN| ina kAraNoM se zabda kI paudagalikatA siddha hotI hai| Adhunika vijJAna ne to Tepa.reDiyo, Teliphona Adi saMcAra mAdhyamoM se zabdoM kA saMgraha kara yaMtroM dvArA usakI gati ko ghaTA-bar3hAkara tathA eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna taka pahuMcAkara zabda ko bhautika yA paudgalika mAnane kA mArga aura sarala kara diyA hai| ataH yaha amUrtika nahIM ho sktaa| yaha do prakAra kA hotA hai bhASAtmaka aura abhaassaatmk| artha-pratipAdaka vANI ko bhASAtmaka zabda kahate haiN| yaha akSarAtmaka aura anAkSarAtmaka ke bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai| saMskRta, hiMdI Adi vividha bhASAeM akSarAtmaka zabda haiM tathA do iMdriyAdi pazu-pakSiyoM kI bhASA anAkSarAtmaka bhASA kahalAtI hai| jihvA, tAlu, oSTha, kaNTha Adi ke prayoga se utpanna hone ke kAraNa yaha prAyogika kahalAtA hai| abhASAtmaka zabda bhI prAyogika aura naisargika ke bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai| puruSa prayatna se utpanna tata, vitata, ghana, aura zauSira rUpa prAyogika zabda cAra prakAra kA hai| tata-tabalA, mRdaMga, bherI Adi meM camar3e Adi ke tanAva se utpanna zabda / vitata-tAra ke tanAva ke kAraNa vINA,sitAra Adi se utpanna zabda / ghana-ghaMTA,ghar3iyAla Adi ke TakarAva se samutpanna zabda / zauSira-zaMkha.bAMsurI Adi se nikalane vAlA zabda / naisargika-megha-garjanA Adi se utpanna hone vAlA zabda vainasika/naisargika haiM kyoMki 1. dra. sa. 16 2.sarvA si., pR. 224-25

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94 / jaina dharma aura darzana yaha puruSa prayatna ke binA svabhAva se hI utpanna hotA hai| zabda bhASAtmaka abhASAtmaka akSarAtmaka anakSarAtmaka prAyogika naisargika saMskRta Adi pazu-pakSiyoM tata vitata ghaMna zauSira megha garjanAdi vividha bhASA kI bhASA tabalA vINA ghaMTA zaMkha mRdaMga sitAra ghar3iyAla bA~surI baMdha-paraspara eka kSetrAvagAha rUpa sabadha ko baMdha kahate haiN| chaha dravyoM meM pudgala hI paraspara baMdha ko prApta hote hai, anya nhiiN| yaha baMdha dIvAra para pute cUne yA raMga kI taraha nahIM hai apitu baMdha se tAtparya dUdha aura jala kI taraha eka rasa rUpa ho jAne se hai| prAyogika aura vaisasika ke bheda se baMdha do prakAra kA hotA hai| prAyogika bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai ajIvakRta aura jIvakRta / lAkha, lakar3I Adi kA badha ajIva viSayaka baMdha hai| vainasika baMdha svAbhAvika baMdha hai| isameM puruSa ke prayatna vizeSa kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| snigdha aura rUkSa guNa ke nimitta se hone vAlA iMdra-dhanuSa, megha, ulkA Adi kA baMdha vainasika baMdha ke udAharaNa haiN|' ulkA kyA hai isa saMbaMdha meM vaijJAnikoM ne eka bahuta bar3A ghaTanAtmaka itihAsa gar3ha DAlA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra ulkA, tArAoM kA TUTanA nahIM hai aura na hI unakI pArasparika Takkara kA pariNAma hai| vaha to AkAza sthita pudgala skaMdhoM kA saMgharSa-janya pariNAma hai / isI taraha vividha aNuoM ke saMyogika bAdala,iMdra-dhanuSa Adi pariNAma hai / isI prakAra sUkSmatA, sthUlatA, vividha AkRtiyAM, inakI TUTa-phUTa, aMdhakAra Adi saba pudgala kI paryAya haiN| aMdhakAra bhI eka vastu hai, kyoMki vaha dikhAI detI hai| anya darzanakAra ise abhAva rUpa mAnate haiM kiMtu jaina darzana ke anusAra yaha bhI eka bhAvAtmaka padArtha hai| abhAva nAma kI to koI vastu hI nahIM hai| usI taraha chAyA, pratichAyA, prakAza aura tApa Adi saba pudgala kI hI vividha avasthAeM haiN| pUrva meM vijJAna zabda, prakAza, chAyA aura tApa Adi ko zakti rUpa svIkAra karatA thaa| kitu aba enarjI nAma kA, meTara se koI pRthak bhUta padArtha hai; unakI yaha mAnyatA badala gayI hai jo ki jaina darzana se pUrNatayA sammata hai| AIsaTAina ne spaSTa kahA hai ki zakti aura dravya koI pRthak-pRthak padArtha nahIM haiN| inheM eka-dUsare meM badalA jA sakatA hai| usI 1 sarvA si 9 225 2 jaina darzana aura Adhu vijJAna, 46

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ajIva tatva-pudgala dravya / 95 taraha prophesara meksa borna kahate haiM-"zakti aura padArtha eka vastu vizeSa ke do pRthak nAma haiN| aba to enarjI ke bhAra bhI AMke jA rahe haiN|" uparyukta kathana se yaha spaSTa hai ki enarjI aura meTara donoM pudgala ke hI nAmAMtara haiM / vijJAna jise enarjI kahatA hai vaha ina zabdAdi kA hI sUkSma pariNamana hai| hamArA jIvana-maraNa, sukha-duHkha, zarIra, vacana, zvAsa Adi sAre vyApAra isa pudgala dravya ke hI Azrita haiN| isa prakAra jo bhI padArtha hamAre chUne, cakhane, dekhane yA sUMghane meM Ate haiM ve saba isa pudgala dravya kI hI vividha avasthAeM haiN| inakA apanA astitva hai| ye svapna kI taraha mithyA nahIM hai,na hI mAyA kI AMkha micaunI; apitu pudgala kI saMtAna hone se yaha saba paramArthataH sat hai| dharma dravya, adharma dravya dharma dravya yaha puNya aura pApa ke artha meM prayukta na hokara,jaina darzana kA eka pAribhASika zabda (TeknIkala Tarma) hai / yaha eka svataMtra dravya hai,jo gatizIla jIva aura pudgala ke gamana meM sahakArI haiN| lokavartI chaha dravyoM meM jIva aura pudgala meM hI gatizIlatA pAI jAtI hai / ye eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna ko bhI jAte haiN| zeSa dharma,adharma,AkAza aura kAla ye cAra dravya niSkriya haiN| inameM halana-calanAdi rUpa kriyA nahIM pAI jaatii| dharma dravya samasta lokavyApI akhaMDa dravya hai / tila meM tela kI taraha yaha pUre loka meM vyApta hai,isameM rUpa,rasa,gaMdha aura sparza kA AbhAva hone se yaha amUrta bhI hai| rela ke calane meM sahAyaka rela kI paTarI kI taraha yaha balAt yA prerita kara kisI ko nahIM claataa| apitu, calane ke icchuka jIva aura pudgaloM ko calane meM sAtha detA rahatA hai| isalie ise udAsIna nimitta kahA gayA hai / dharma dravya kI mAnyatA anya darzanoM meM nahIM hai, kiMtu Adhunika vijJAna ise Ithara ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai kyoMki Adhunika vijJAna Ithara ko amUrtika, vyApaka, niSkriya aura adRzya mAnane ke sAtha-sAtha use gati kA Avazyaka madhyama mAnatA hai| jaina darzana mAnya dharma-dravya kA bhI yahI lakSaNa hai| adharma dravya-jisa prakAra jIva aura pudgaloM ke calane meM dharma-dravya sahAyI hai,usI taraha adharma dravya unake Thaharane meM sahAyaka hai| dharma dravyavat yaha bhI niSkriya,amUrta aura lokavyApI hai| jaise pRthvI,hAthI,ghor3A,manuSyAdi ko jabarana nahIM ThaharAtI, apitu vaha ThaharanA cAhe to usameM sahAyaka hotI hai athavA vRkSa calate hue pathika ko nahIM rokate,para vaha svayaM rukanA cAhe to vaha use apanI chAyA avazya dete haiM usI prakAra adharma dravya bhI kisI ko jabaradastI nahIM rokatA apita padArtha svayaM rukanA cAhe to yaha unakA sahAyI bana jAtA hai| yadi dharma aura adharma dravya udAsIna na hokara preraka hote to dharma aura adharma donoM meM 1 vahI, pR 66 2 ta sU5/19-20 3 drasa 17 4 niSkriyANica, ta sU.5/17 S The Nature of the Physical World, Page No 31 6 drasa gA 18

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96 / jaina dharma aura darzana dvandva chir3a jaataa| dharma dravya jIva aura pudgaloM ko calane ke lie prerita karatA to adharma dravya unake pAMva pakar3akara apanI ora khIMcatA rahatA; bar3I avyavasthA ho jAtI, na to hama cala pAte, na hI Thahara pAte, jabaki aisA hai nahIM / inheM udAsIna nimitta mAnA gayA hai| inakI upasthiti meM hama calanA cAheM to dharma dravya hamArA sAtha dene taiyAra khar3A hai tathA yadi hama ThaharanA cAheM to adharma dravya hamAre svAgata meM pratIkSArata hai / | yadyapi anya darzanoM evaM vijJAna ne ise svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai, kiMtu prophesara jI. Ara. jaina ne apanI 'kAsmolaoNjI : olDa eMDa nyU' nAmaka pustaka meM nyUTana kI AkarSaNa zakti kI tulanA kI hai| ve likhate haiM ki "yaha jaina dharma kI adharma dravya viSayaka siddhAMta kI sabase bar3I vijaya hai ki vizva kI sthiratA ke lie vijJAna ne adRzya AkarSaNa zakti kI sattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai aura prasiddha vaijJAnika AIMsTAina ne usameM kucha sudhAra karake use kriyAtmaka rUpa diyaa| aba AkarSaNa siddhAMta ko sahAyaka kAraNa ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai, mUla karttA ke rUpa meM nahIM / isalie aba vaha jaina dharma-viSayaka adharma dravya kI mAnyatA ke bilkula anurUpa baiThatA hai / "] 1 saMsAra ke nirmANa ke lie padArthoM ko gati aura sthiratA ke niyamoM meM baddha honA Avazyaka hai| yadi dharma dravya na ho to hama cala hI na sakeMge aura yadi adharma dravya na ho to hama calate hI raheMge / loka aura aloka kA vibhAjana bhI ina donoM dravyoM ke kAraNa hI ho pAtA hai, kyoMki jahAM taka padArtha sthita hai vahIM taka loka hai tathA loka vahIM taka hai jahAM taka ki padArthoM kI gati / jisa prakAra paTarI ke abhAva meM kSamatA rahate hue bhI rela paTarI kI sImA kA ullaMghana kara Age nahIM bar3ha pAtI, usI taraha jIva aura pudgala kI bhI vahIM taka gati aura sthiti hai jahAM taka ki dharma aura adharma dravya haiM, ye inakA ullaMghana nahIM kara sakate / Adhunika vijJAna bhI isa bAta ko svIkAratA hai / prasiddha vaijJAnika AIMsTAina ne bhI gati tattva ko svIkAra karate hue kahA hai "loka parimita hai, loka se pare aloka aparimita / loka ke parimita hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki dravya athavA zakti loka ke bAhara nahIM jA sktii| loka ke bAhara usa zakti kA abhAva hai| jo gati meM sahAyaka hotA hai|' "2 AkAza dravya yaha rUpAdi rahita, amUrta, niSkriya tathA sarvavyApaka dravya hai / lokavartI samasta padArthoM ko yaha sthAna/avagAha (Space) detA hai tathA svayaM bhI usameM avagAhita hotA hai| yadyapi jIva aura pudgala bhI eka-dUsare ko avagAha dete haiM kiMtu una sabakA AdhAra AkAza hI hai / yaha loka aura aloka ke bheda se do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| AkAza ke jitane hisse meM jIvAdi pAe jAte haiM, vaha lokAkAza hai tathA usase bAhara kA zuddha AkAza alokAkAza kahalAtA hai| 1. Cosmology old & New, Page No. 25-26 2. Holly wood R & T Instruction lesson No. 2 3. dra. sa. 19 4. dra. saM. 20

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ajIva tatva-pudgala dravya/97 lokAkAza loka aura AkAza ina do zabdoM se milakara banA hai| 'loka' zabda saMskRta ke 'luk' dhAtu se niSpanna hai, jisakA artha hotA hai dekhanA / isakA artha huA jahAM taka jIvAdika padArtha dekhe jAte haiM, vaha loka hai| usase bAhara ke AkAza ko aloka kahate haiN| loka aura aloka kA yaha vibhAga kisI dIvAra kI taraha nahIM hai jo AkAza meM bheda karatI ho apitu pUrNa AkAza akhaMDa hai| jIvAdi padArthoM kI upasthiti aura anupasthiti ke kAraNa yaha bheda huA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra lokAkAza saMpUrNa AkAza ke madhya bhAga meM donoM paira phailAkara kamara para hAtha rakhakara khar3e hue manuSya ke AkAra kA hai| yaha caudaha rAjU UMcA aura sAta rAjU caur3A hai| ___ adhaH, madhya aura Urdhva tIna vibhAgoM meM vibhakta yaha loka saba ora se vAyudAba ke dabAva se ghirA hai| nIce ke paira kI Akati vAle) bhAga meM sAta naraka haiN| kaTipradeza jahAM hama saba avasthita haiM,use martyaloka yA madhyaloka kahate haiN| isase Upara svarga hai / loka ke agra bhAga para mokSa sthAna hai jahAM pahuMcakara mukta AtmAeM Thahara jAtI haiN| gati kA hetu dharma dravya kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa isase Age nahIM bar3ha paatiiN| (yaha hama pahale par3ha cuke hai) vastutaH isake vibhAjana kA kAraNa dharma aura adharma dravya hI hai| loka kA yaha AkAra dharma aura adharma dravya ke hI kAraNa hai| jo dharma dravya aura adharma dravya kA AkAra hai, vahI loka kA AkAra hai| anya darzanoM ne bhI AkAza ko svIkArA hai,kitu usake loka aura aloka rUpa bheda ko nahIM maante| isI vajaha se unake yahAM dharma aura adharma dravya kI bhI mAnyatA nahIM hai| jaina darzana meM inheM mAnA gayA hai, jo ki tarkasaMgata hai tathA Adhunika vijJAna ne bhI isake astitva para apanI muhara lagA dI hai| kAla dravya yaha pratyeka padArtha meM hone vAle parivartana/pariNamana kA hetu hai|' yahI vaha dravya hai,jisake nimitta se dravya apanI purAnI avasthA ko chor3akara pratikSaNa nayA rUpa dhAraNa karate haiM / yaha bhI AkAza kI taraha amUrta aura niSkriya hai, kiMtu usakI taraha eka aura vyApaka na hokara asaMkhya hai,jo pUre AkAza ke pradezoM para ratnoM kI rAzi kI taraha bhare par3e haiN| AkAza ke jitane pradeza haiM utane hI kAlANu haiN| vartanA isakA pramukha lakSaNa hai| padArthoM meM pariNamana yaha balAt nahIM karAtA, balki isakI upasthiti meM padArtha svayaM apanA pariNamana karate haiN| yaha to kumhAra ke cAka ke nIce rahane vAlI kIla kI taraha hai jo svayaM nahIM calatI,na hI cAka ko saMcAlita karatI hai / phira bhI kIla ke abhAva meM cAka ghUma nahIM sktaa| cAka ke paribhramaNa ke lie kIla kA AlaMbana anivArya hai / kAla dravya kI yahI bhUmikA hai| pariNamanagata isa AlaMbana ko vartanA kahate haiN| yaha kAla dravya kA mukhya lakSaNa hai / ise hI nizcaya kAla kahate haiM / isake abhAva meM padArthoM kA 1dra sa 21 2. niSkriyANi ca ta sU5n 3 dra sa 22 4 drasa 21

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98/ jaina dharma aura darzana pariNamana nahIM ho sakatA / samaya,pala,ghar3I,ghaMTA, minaTa Adi vyavahAra kAla haiN| samaya kAla kI sUkSmatama ikAI hai| eka pudgala paramANu ko maMda gati se AkAza ke eka pradeza se dUsare pradeza taka jAne meM jo kAla lagatA hai,use samaya kahate haiN|' nayA,purAnA,bar3A, choTA,dUra,pAsa vahAra isa vyavahAra kAla dravya ke hI Azrita hai| isakA anumAna saura maMDala evaM ghar3I Adi ke mAdhyama se lagAyA jAtA hai| dravyoM ke hone vAle pariNamana se bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna kA vyavahAra bhI isI kAla ke Azrita hai| ise sabhI darzanakAroM ne svIkArA hai kiMtu kucha ise akhaMDa aura vyApaka mAnate haiM, jabaki aisA hai nhiiN| yadi aisA hotA to bhinna kSetroM meM samaya bheda nahIM dekhA jAtA / hama dekhate haiM ki bhArata meM hone vAle samaya aura anya dezoM meM hone vAle samaya meM bheda dikhAI par3atA hai| (bhArata aura laMdana ke samaya meM 5 ghaMTe kA pharka hai) yaha kAla dravya kI anekatA kA hI pariNAma hai / yadi kAla dravya eka hotA to sarvatra eka hI samaya pravartita rhtaa| kucha dArzanika nizcayakAla ko asvIkArate hue mAtra vyavahAra kAla ko svIkArate haiM, kiMtu vyavahAra kAla se hI nizcaya kAla kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| jaise kisI bAlaka meM zera kA upacAra mukhya zera ke sadabhAva meM hI kiyA jAtA hai| upacarita zera vAstavika zera kA paricAyaka hotA hai, vaise hI kAla saMbaMdhI samasta vyavahAra mukhya kAla ke abhAva meM nahIM ho skte| kAlacakra vyavahAra kAla kI samaSTi hI yugoM aura kalpoM meM samAviSTa ho jAtI hai, jisa prakAra vaidika dharmoM meM kAla ke satayuga, tretAyuga, dvApara yuga aura kalayuga rUpa se cAra bheda kie haiN| ina cAroM yugoM kI kalpanA dharma kI hAni vRddhi ke AdhAra para kI jAtI hai aura kI yaha yuga karoDoM varSa kA hotA hai| dharma kI hAni vRddhi ke AdhAra para kAlacakra kA vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| usI prakAra jaina darzana meM kAla do vibhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| jisa prakAra gAr3I kA pahiyA Upara se nIce kI ora tathA nIce se Upara kI ora ghUmatA rahatA hai / jaina darzanakAroM ne kAla ko usI taraha do vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| eka nIce se Upara kI ora jAne vAlA arthAt duHkha se sukha kI ora jAne vAlA / dUsarA Upara se nIce kI ora jAne vAlA arthAt sukha se duHkha kI ora jAne vaalaa| kAlacakra pahiye kI taraha Upara se nIce tathA nIce se Upara kI ora ghUmatA rahatA hai arthAt sArI samaSTi sukha se duHkha kI ora tathA duHkha se sukha kI ora ghUmatI rahatI hai| nIce se Upara Ane vAle kAla khaMDa ko utsarpiNI kAla kahate haiM, kyoMki isameM buddhi, Ayu, bala aura zarIra kI UMcAI Adi meM kramazaH utsarpaNa arthAt vRddhi hotI hai| Upara se nIce kI ora jAne vAlA avasarpiNI kAla kahalAtA hai, kyoMki isameM Ayu, buddhi, bala kA avasarpaNa arthAt hAsa hotA hai| avasarpiNI tathA utsarpiNI donoM ko milAne para kAlacakra pUrA hotA hai| ye donoM milakara kalpa kahalAte haiN| 1. nisa,pR31

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ajIva tatva-pudgala dravya / 99 isI ko yuga bhI kaha sakate haiN| ina donoM kAloM meM sukha, duHkha, zarIra kI UMcAI, Ayu Adi meM hInAdhikatA hotI rahatI hai| ataH unakI taratamatA kI dRSTi se donoM ke chaha-chaha bheda kie gae haiN| isa prakAra parA yaga arthAta kAlacakra bAraha vibhAgo meM vibhAjita ho jAtA hai| utsarpiNI kAla caMki duHkha se sukha kI ora bar3hatA hai| ataH usake chaha bheda haiM kramazaH 1. duHkhamA-duHkhamA 2. duHkhamA 3. duHkhamA-sukhamA 4. sukhamA-duHkhamA 5. sukhamA 6. sukhmaa-sukhmaa| avasarpiNI nAmaka kAla ThIka isake viparIta hai| yaha sukha se duHkha kI ora jAtA hai ata: usake chaha vibhAga haiM 1. sukhamA-sukhamA 2. sukhamA 3. sukhamA-duHkhamA 4. duHkhamA-sukhamA 5. duHkhamA 6. duHkhmaa-duHkhmaa| ina chaha kAloM meM jinakA do bAra ullekha hai, vaha sukha athavA duHkha kI utkRSTatA kA pratIka hai| eka bAra kahanA madhyama aMza hai tathA jo zabda pahale haiM, usa kAla meM usakI adhikatA hotI hai arthAt sukhamA-duHkhamA kAla meM sukha kI adhikatA tathA duHkha kI nyUnatA hotI hai tathA duHkhamA-sukhamA meM duHkha kI adhikatA ke sAtha sukha kI nyUnatA hotI hai| 1. sukhamA-sukhamA-isa kAla meM sukha hI sukha hotA hai| yaha kAla bhoga-pradhAna hotA hai| manuSyoM ko apane jIvana-nirvAha ke lie kucha bhI nahIM karanA par3atA hai| sArI AvazyakatAoM kI parti prAkatika kalpa-vakSoM se hotI hai| isa kAla meM nara-nArI yugala rUpa se janma lete haiM tathA apane jIvana ke aMta kAla meM yugala putra-putriyoM ko janma dekara svargavAsI ho jAte haiN| inakI Ayu evaM zarIra kI UMcAI kAphI adhika rahatI hai| 2. sukhamA-sukhamA-sukhamA kAla kI taraha yaha kAla bhI bhoga-pradhAna hotA hai| isa kAla meM bhI sArI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kalpa-vRkSoM se hI hotI hai| nara-nArI yugala rUpa me rahate haiM kiMtu inake mukha, Ayu aura zarIra kI UMcAI me pUrva kI apekSA kucha kamI ho jAtI hai| 3. sukhamA-duHkhamA yaha bhI bhoga-yuga kahalAtA hai| pUrva kI taraha nara-nArI yugala rUpa se hI janma lete haiN| AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kalpa-vRkSoM meM hotI rahatI hai kiMtu pUrva kI apekSA inake sukhoM meM aura kamI A jAtI hai| zarIra kI UMcAI tathA Ayu bhI ghaTakara kama ho jAtI hai| ye tInoM kAla bhoga kAla kahalAte haiN| isa kAla meM manuSyoM ko khetI-bAr3I Adi karma nahIM karanA par3atA hai| jIvana kA pramukha AdhAra prAkRtika kalpa-vRkSa hI hote haiN| isa yuga meM na dharma hotA hai.na adharma / 4. duHkhamA-sukhamA isa kAla meM prAkRtika saMpadAeM prAyaH lupta ho jAtI haiN| manuSyoM ko apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti/jIvana-nirvAha ke lie khetI Adi karma karane par3ate haiN| isalie isa yuga se karma yuga prAraMbha ho jAtA hai / nara-nArI aba yugala rUpa se janma nahIM lete, na hI kalpa-vRkSoM se AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ho pAtI hai| isa hetu manuSyoM ko kucha karma karanA par3atA hai| isI kAla se hI vivAha Adi kArya prAraMbha ho jAte haiM, samAja vyavasthA banatI hai tathA rAjya ke saMcAlana ke lie rAjA-mahArAjA bhI banate haiN| yadyapi karma karane se

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100 / jaina dharma aura darzana kucha kaSTa hotA hai phira bhI alpa parizrama me hI adhika phala kI prApti hone lagatI hai| isa kAla meM prAkRtika ApadAeM nahIM aatiiN| isI kAla meM kramazaH caubIsa tIrthakara janma lekara dharmatIrtha kA pravartana karate haiN| manuSyoM meM dhArmika buddhi upajatI hai,dharmArAdhana kara ve mokSa bhI prApta kara sakate haiN| duHkha kI adhikatA aura sukha kI alpatA hone se yaha kAla duHkhamA-sukhamA kahalAtA hai| 5. duHkhamA yaha pAMcavAM kAla hai| saMprati yahI kAla hai| isa kAla meM adhika parizrama karanA par3atA hai, AvazyakatAeM bar3ha jAtI haiM, upaja kama hotI hai, prAkRtika ApadAeM bhogI-vilAsI hone lagatA hai| dharma kI hAni hone lagatI hai| tIrthaMkarAdi mahApuruSoM kA janma nahIM hotA, na hI viziSTa Rddhi-saMpanna muni, tapasvI hI hote haiN| phira bhI kucha na kucha dharma to banA hI rahatA hai| 6. duHkhamA-duHkhamA isa kAla meM duHkha hI duHkha hotA hai| prAkRtika upaja samApta ho jAtI hai| prakRti viruddha ho jAtI hai| agni kA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai| pariNAmataH manuSyoM kI pravRtti amAnuSika ho jAtI hai| sarvatra arAjakatA phaila jAtI hai| dharma-karma pUrNatayA vilupta ho jAte haiM tathA aMta meM saba kucha pralayAgni meM bhasma ho jAtA hai| kucha samaya pazcAt punaH utpatti prAraMbha hotI hai| usa samaya vyakti nirbala aura asaMskArita rahate haiN| duHkha kI bahulatA banI rahatI hai| dhIre-dhIre prakRti anukUla hone lagatI hai| vidyA Adi kA vikAsa hone para sukha hone lagatA hai tathA Age calakara dharma bhI prakaTa hone lagatA hai / isa prakAra duHkha se sukha kI ora jAte hue isa kAla meM prAkRtika suvidhAoM meM vRddhi hone lagatI hai tathA kramazaH sukhamA-sukhamA kAla punaH prApta ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra yaha kAlacakra kabhI sukha se duHkha kI ora tathA kabhI duHkha se sukha kI ora niraMtara ghUmatA rahatA hai| isa kAla-cakra ke vyUha meM phaMse samasta jIva niraMtara kAla ke gAla meM samAte rahate haiN| dharma ke Azraya se hI isa kAla-cakra se Upara uThA jA sakatA hai| paMcAstikAya pUrvAkta chaha dravyoM meM kAla ke atirikta zeSa pAMca dravya astikAya kahalAte haiN| 'asti'zabda 'astitva' kA vAcI hai; 'kAya' kA artha zarIra hotA hai / jina dravyoM meM zarIra kI taraha pradezoM kI bahulatA hotI hai, unheM astikAya kahate haiN| samasta AkAza anaMta pradezI hai / dharma aura adharma dravya loka-pramANa aura asaMkhyAta pradezI haiM / ye tInoM eka-eka hI haiN| jIvoM kI saMkhyA anaMta hai| pratyeka jIva lokAkAza ke pradezoM ke barAbara asaMkhyAta pradezI hai| yadyapi padagala paramANa eka pradezI haiM phira bhI yaha anya pudgalANuoM se saMyukta hokara sadRza pariNamana bhI kara letA hai / ataH yaha saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAt aura anaMta pradezI bhI bana jAtA hai / isa dRSTi se pudgala ko bhI astikAya kahate haiN| kAlANu asaMkhya hote hue bhI eka-dUsare se abaddha rahane ke kAraNa eka 1. nityAvasthitAnyarUpANi, ta. sU.5 2. dra.saM. 23 3. Tra.saM. 24 4. dra.saM. 25

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ajIva tatva- pudgala dravya / 101 pradezI kahalAte haiN| inheM astikAya nahIM kahA jaataa| jaina darzana meM dharma, adharma, AkAza tathA jIva aura pudgala pAMca dravyoM ko paMcAstikAya ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| uparyukta chaha dravyoM meM se jIva aura pudgala me gatizIlatA bhI pAyI jAtI hai| zeSa dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ye cAra dravya niSkriya aura zuddha haiN| inakA zuddha pariNamana hI hotA hai / ye eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna ko nahIM jAte haiN| zuddha pudgala tathA jIva bhI zuddha pariNamana karate haiM kiMtu pudgala kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki eka bAra zuddha hone ke bAda vaha puna skaMdha rUpa azuddha pariNamana bhI kara letA hai| jIva eka bAra zuddha hone ke bAda phira kabhI azuddha nahIM hotA / ina chahoM dravyoM kI saMkhyA meM kabhI bhI hAni vRddhi nahIM hotI / samudroM meM uThane vAlI laharoM kI taraha pratikSaNa parivartita rahane ke bAda bhI apane astitva ko nahIM khote tathA inake pradezoM meM hInAdhikatA bhI nahIM hotI / ata inheM nitya aura avasthita kahate haiM / - chor3a zeSa pAMca dravya arUpI/ amUrta haiM jIva ke atirikta zeSa pAca jaDa haiM / pudgala ko isa prakAra yaha vizva ina chaha dravyoM se banA hai / yaha anAdi nidhana hai / kimI ke dvArA banAe nahIM gae haiN| inakA saMcAlana kisI zakti yA padArtha se nahIM hotA apitu pratyeka dravya apane utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvya lakSaNa vAle svabhAva se svaya apanA pariNamana karate haiN| jaina darzana ke anusAra yaha sArI loka vyavasthA ina chahoM dravyo ke hI Azrita hai / praticchAyA aura Telivijana jaina zAstroM meM chAyA kA varNana karate hue batAyA gayA hai - vizva ke kimI bhI mUrta padArtha se pratikSaNa tadAkAra pratichAyA nikalatI rahatI hai| aura vaha padArtha ke cAroM ora Age bar3hakara vizava meM phailatI hai| jahAM use prabhAvita karane vAle padArthoM kA saMyoga hotA haiM vahAM vaha prabhAvita hotI | prabhAvita karane vAle padArtha jaise--darpaNa, tela, ghRta, jala Adi / vijJAna ke kSetra me jo Telivijana kA AviSkAra huA hai, lagatA hai vaha isI siddhAMta kA udAharaNa haiN| vaha eka deza meM bolane vAle vyakti kA citra samudroM pAra dUsare deza meM vyakta karatA haiN| ho sakatA hai jaise reDiyo yaMtra gRhIta zabdoM ko vidyuta pravAha se Age bar3hAkara sahasroM mIla dUra jyoM kA tyoM pragaTa karatA hai usI prakAra Telivijana bhI prasAraNa zIla praticchAyA ko grahaNa kara use vizeSa prayatnoM dvArA pravAhita kara sahasroM mIla dUra jyoM kA tyoM vyakta karatA hai / jaina darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna pR. kramAMka 66 1drasa261 2 ta sU 5/4

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karmabaMdha kI prakriyA (Asrava baMdha) * Astrava Asrava ke bheda Asrava ke kAraNa yoga badha Asrava badha sabadha badha ke kAraNa badha ke bheda prakRti badha pradeza bagha sthiti badha anubhAga badha

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karma baMdha kI prakriyA jaina darzana ke sAta tattvoM meM se Adi ke do tattva arthAt jIva aura ajIva tatvoM kA nirUpaNa pichale adhyAyoM meM ho cukA hai| isa adhyAya meM tIsare aura cauthe kramazaH Asrava aura baMdha nAmaka tattvoM kI carcA kreNge| yaha viSaya karma-siddhAnta kA hai| ise Adhunika bhASA meM jaina manovijJAna bhI kaha sakate haiN| ataH jaina-darzana-mAnya karma-siddhAnta kA sAmAnya paricaya bhI isI adhyAya meM prarUpita kreNge| Astrava karmoM ke Agamana ko 'Asrava' kahate haiN| jaise nAlI Adi ke mAdhyama se tAlAba Adi jalAzayoM meM jala praviSTa hotA hai vaise hI karma-pravAha AtmA meM Asrava dvAra se praveza karatA hai| Asrava karma-pravAha ko bhItara praveza dene vAlA dvAra hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra yaha loka pudagala vargaNAoM se ThasA-Thasa bharA hai| unameM se kucha aise pudgala haiM jo karma-rUpa pariNata hone kI kSamatA rakhate haiM, ina vargaNAoM ko karma vargaNA kahate haiN| jIva ko mAnasika vAcanika aura kAyika pravRttiyoM ke nimitta se ye kArmANa-vargaNAeM jIva kI ora AkRSTa ho, karma rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtI haiM aura jIva ke sAtha unakA saMbaMdha ho jAtA hai| karma vargaNAoM kA karma rUpa meM pariNata ho jAnA hI Asrava hai| jaina karma siddhAMtAnusAra jIvAtmA meM mana, vacana aura zarIra rUpa tIna aisI zaktiyAM haiM jisase pratyeka saMsArI prANI meM prati samaya eka vizeSa prakAra kA prakaMpana/paripaMdana hotA rahatA hai| isa parispaMdana ke kAraNa jIva ke pratyeka pradeza, sAgara meM uThane vAlI laharoM kI taraha taraMgAyita rahate haiN| jIva ke ukta parispaMdana ke nimitta se karma-vargaNAeM karma rUpa se pariNata hokara jIva ke sAtha saMbaMdha ko prApta ho jAtI haiM, ise 'yoga' kahate haiN| yaha yoga hI hameM karmoM se jor3atA hai, isalie 'yoga' yaha isakI sArthaka saMjJA hai| yoga ko hI 'Asrava' kahate haiN| 'Asrava' kA zAbdika artha hai 'saba ora se AnA', 'bahanA','risanA' Adi / isa 1. i.sa. TI 28 2. ta. vA 6/2/4, pR. 252 3. je.siko. 3/513 4. kAyavAgamana: karmayogaH / tasa. 6/1 5. sa AsravaH ta. sa.6/2

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106 / jaina dharma aura darzana dRSTi se karmo ke Agamana ko Asrava kahate hai| isakA artha yaha nahI hai ki karma kisI bhinna kSetra se Ate hoM, apitu hama jahA~ haiM, karma vahI bhare par3e haiN| yoga kA nimitta pAte hI karma-vargaNAe karma rUpa se pariNata ho jAtI hai|' karma-vargaNAoM kA karma rUpa se pariNata ho jAnA hI Asrava kahalAtA hai| karmo ke Agamana kA Azaya sirpha itanA hI hai| mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti zubha aura azubha ke bheda se do prakAra kI hotI hai| zubha pravRtti ko zubha yoga tathA azubha pravRtti ko azubha yoga kahate haiN| zubha yoga zubhAstrava kA kAraNa hai tathA azubha yoga se azubha karmo kA Asrava hotA hai| vizvakSema kI bhAvanA, sabakA hita citana dayA, karuNA aura prema-pUrNa bhAva zubha-mano-yoga hai| priya sambhASaNa, hitakArI vacana, kalyANakArI upadeza zubha-vacana-yoga' ke udAharaNa hai, tathA sevA, paropakAra, dAna eva deva pUjAdi zubha-kAya-yoga' ke kArya hai| inase viparIta pravRtti 'azubha-yoga' kahalAtI hai| Asrava ke bheda Asrava ke dravyAsrava aura bhAvAsrava rUpa do bheda bhI hai| jina zubhAzubha bhAvoM se kArmANa vargaNAe karma rUpa pariNata hotI haiM use 'bhAvAsrava' kahate hai, tathA karma-vargaNAo kA karma-rUpa pariNata ho jAnA 'dravyAsrava hai| dUsare zabdo me, jina bhAvoM se karma Ate haiM, vaha bhAvAsrava hai tathA karmoM kA Agamana dravyAsrava hai / jaise--chidra se nAva me jala praveza kara jAtA hai, vaise hI jIva ke mana vacana, kAya ke chidra se hI karma-vargaNAe praviSTa hotI haiN| chidra honA-bhAvAstava kA tathA karma-jala kA praveza karanA dravyAstrava kA pratIka hai| kaSAyavAna aura niSkaSAya jIvo kI apekSA dravya-Asrava do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai-1 sAmparAyika 2 iiryaapth| 1 sAmparAyika 'sAmparAya' kA artha 'kaSAya' hotA hai| yaha 'sasAra' kA paryAyavAcI hai| krodhAdika vikAro ke sAtha hone vAle Asrava ko 'sAmparAyika-Asrava' kahate haiN| yaha va AtmA ke sAtha cirakAla taka TikA rahatA hai / kaSAya snigdhatA kA pratIka hai| jaise telasikta zarIra me dhUla cipakakara cirakAla taka TikI rahatI hai, vaise hI kaSAya sahita hone vAlA yaha Asrava bhI cirakAla avasthAyI rahatA hai| 2 IryApatha . Asrava kA dUsarA bheda IryApatha hai| yaha mArgagAmI hai| arthAt Ate hI hI calA jAtA hai, ThaharatA nhii| jisa prakAra sApha-svaccha darpaNa para par3ane vAlI dhUla usameM cipakatI nahI hai, usI prakAra niSkaSAya jIvana-mukta mahAtmAoM ke yoga mAtra se hone vAlA Asrava 'IryApatha' Asrava kahalAtA hai / kaSAyo kA abhAva ho jAne ke kAraNa yaha cirakAla 1 ta. vRtruta 6/2 2 zubha puNyasyAzubha pApasya ta sU6/3 3 ta.sU 6/4 4 sarvA si 6/4 pR246 5 ta. vA6/4/7 pR258

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karmabaMdha kI prakriyA (Asrava baMdha) / 107 taka nahIM Thahara pAtA / isakI sthiti eka samaya kI hotI hai| Asrava ke kAraNa jainAgama meM Asrava ke pAMca kAraNa batAye gaye haiM-1. mithyAtva, 2. avirati, 3. pramAda, 4. kaSAya 5. yog| 1.mithyAtva-viparIta-zraddhA yA tatva jJAna ke abhAva ko mithyAtva kahate hai| / viparIta zraddhA ke kAraNa zarIrAdi jar3a padArthoM meM caitanya buddha,atatva meM tatva buddhi, akarma meM karma buddhi Adi viparIta bhAvanA/prarUpaNA pAyI jAtI hai / mithyAtva ke kAraNa svapara viveka nahIM hotaa| padArthoM ke svarUpa meM bhrAMti banI rahatI hai / kalyANa mArga meM sahI zraddhA nahIM hotii| yaha mithyAtva sahaja aura gRhIta donoM prakAra se hotA hai| donoM prakAra ke mithyAtva meM tatva ruci jAgRta nahIM hotI hai / jIva kudeva,kuguru aura loka mUr3hatAoM ko hI dharma mAnatA hai / yaha saba doSoM kA mUla hai,isaliye ise jIva kA sabase bar3A ahitakArI kahA gayA hai| isa mithyAtva ke pAMca bheda haiM (1.) ekAMta : vastu ke kisI eka pakSa ko hI pUrI vastu mAna lenA, jaise padArtha nitya hI hai yA anitya hI hai| anekAMtAtmaka vastu tattva ko na samajhakara ekAMgI dRSTi banAe rakhanA / vastu ke pUrNa svarUpa se aparicita rahane ke kAraNa satyAMza ko hI satya samajha lenaa| (2.) viparIta : padArtha ko anyathA mAnakara adharma meM dharma buddhi rkhnaa| (3.) vinaya : satyAsatya kA vicAra kie binA tathA viveka ke abhAva meM jisa kisI kI vinaya ko hI apanA kalyANakArI maannaa| (4.) saMzaya : tattva aura atattva ke bIca saMdeha meM jhUlate rhnaa| (5.) ajJAna : janma-janmAMtaroM ke saMskAra ke kAraNa vicAra aura viveka-zUnyatA se utpanna atattva shrddhaan| 2. avirati : sadAcAra yA caritra grahaNa karane kI ora ruci yA pravRtti na honA avirati hai| manuSya kadAcit cAhe bhI to, kaSAyoM kA aimA tIvra udaya rahatA hai, jisase vaha AMzika caritra bhI grahaNa nahIM kara sktaa|' 3. pramAda : 'pramAda' kA artha hotA hai 'asAvadhAnI' / AtmavismaraNa yA ajAgati ko pramAda kahate haiN| adhika spaSTa kareM to kartavya aura akartavya ke viSaya meM sAvadhAnI na rakhanA pramAda hai| kazala kAryoM ke prati anAdAra yA anAsthA honA bhI pramAda hai| pramAda ke paMdraha bheda haiM-pAMca iMdriya,cAra vikathA,cAra kaSAya tathA praNaya aura nidraa| pro. mahendra kumAra nyAyaparyAya ke anusAra pAMcoM indriyoM ke viSaya meM tallIna rahane ke kAraNa rAja kathA, cora kathA, strI kathA aura bhojana kathA Adi vikathAoM meM rasa lene se krodha, mAna, mAyA evaM lobha ina cAra kaSAyoM se kaluSita hone ke kAraNa tathA nidrA, praNaya Adi meM magna rahane ke kAraNa kuzala kAryoM meM anAdAra bhAva utpanna hotA hai| isa prakAra kI 1. dra. sa. gA 30 2. ta vA 8/1/6 3. je. da. pR. 173 4. kuzaleSvanAdaraH pramAda:-sarvA. si. 8/1 pR. 291 5. pa. sa. prA. 1/15

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108 / jaina dharma aura darzana asAvadhAnI se kuzala karmoM ke prati anAsthA bhI utpanna hotI hai aura hiMsA kI bhUmikA taiyAra hotI hai| hiMsA kA mukhya kAraNa pramAda hai / ' 4. kaSAya : 'kaSAya' zabda do zabdoM ke mela se banA hai 'kaSa + Aya' / 'kaSa' kA artha 'saMsAra' hai, kyoMki isameM prANI vividha duHkhoM ke dvArA kaSTa pAte haiM, Aya kA artha hai 'lAbha' / isa prakAra kaSAya kA sammilita artha yaha huA ki jisake dvArA saMsAra kI prApti ho, ve kaSAya haiN| 2 : vastutaH kaSAyoM kA vega bahuta hI prabala hai| janma-maraNa rUpa yaha saMsAra vRkSa 'kaSAyoM' ke kAraNa hI harA-bharA rahatA hai| yadi kaSAyoM kA abhAva ho to janma-maraNa kI paraMparA kA yaha viSa-vRkSa svayaM hI sUkhakara naSTa ho jAye / kaSAya hI samasta sukha-duHkhoM kA mUla hai. / kaSAya ko kRSaka kI upamA dete hue 'paMca maMgraha' meM kahA gayA hai ki 'kaSAya' eka aisA kRSaka hai jo cAroM gatiyoM kI meDha vAle karma rUpI kheta ko jotakara mukha-duHkha rUpI aneka prakAra ke dhAnya utpanna karatA hai| AcArya vIrasena svAmI ne bhI kaSAya kI karmotpAdakatA ke saMbaMdha meM likhA hai, jo duHkha rUpa dhAnya ko paidA karane vAle karma rUpI kheta ko karSaNa karate haiM, jonate haiM, phalavAna karate haiM, ve krodha mAnAdika kaSAya haiN|4 krodha, mAna, mAyA, , lobha ke bheda se kaSAya ke cAra bheda haiN| inameM krodha aura mAna dveSa rUpa haiM tathA mAyA aura lobha rAga-rUpa haiN| rAga aura dveSa samasta anarthoM kA mUla haiM / 5. yoga : jIva ke pradezoM meM jo parispaMdana yA halana calana hotA hai use yoga kahate haiM / (yoga kA prasiddha artha yama niyamAdi kriyAeM haiM, para vaha yahAM abhipreta nahIM hai / ) jaina darzana ke anusAra mana, vacana aura kAya se hone vAlI AtmA kI kriyA karma paramANuo ke sAtha AtmA kA yoga arthAt saMbaMdha karAtI hai| isI artha meM ise yoga kahA jAtA hai| yaha yoga pravRti ke bheda tIna prakAra kA hai- - mana- yoga, vacana- yoga aura kaay-yog| jIva kI kAyika (zarIra) pravRtti ko kAya-yoga tathA vAcanika aura mAnasika pravRtti ko kramazaH vacana aura manoyoga kahate hai / I pratyayoM ke pA~ca hone kA prayojana AtmA ke guNoM kA vikAsa banAne ke lie jaina darzana meM caudaha guNa sthAnoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| unameM jina doSoM ke dUra hone para AtmA kI unnati mAnI gayI hai, unhIM doSoM ko yahAM Asrava ke hetu meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| UMce car3hate samaya pahale mithyAtva jAtA hai, phira avirati jAtI hai, taduparAMta pramAda chUTatA hai, phira kaSAya, aura aMta meM yoga kA sarvathA nirodha hone para AtmA sarva karmoM se mukta banakara siddhAvasthA prApta karatA hai / isalie mithyAtva avirati, pramAda, kaSAya, aura 1 jaida pR 179 2 kaSa. sasAra tasya Aya prAptayaH kssaayaa| paca sa svo 3/23 pR 35 3 suha dukkha bahusassa kammarekhe kasei jIvassa / sasAra dUra mera teNa kasAotri Na viti / prA pa sa 1109 4 duHkha zasya karma kSetra kRrSAnti phalavat kuvantIti kaSAyAH krodhamAna mAyA lobhA. - pu 6,41 5 sarvA si. 6/1 pR 24 6 (a) prayojanazca guNasthAna bhedena badha hetu vikalpa yojana voddhavyama (ba) vistarastu guNa sthAna kramApekSayA pUrvokta catuSTaya, paca vA kAraNAni bhavanti ta. vR. bhAskara nandi - 453 jaina darzana sAra pR. 44

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karmabadha kI prakriyA (Asrava baMdha), 109 yoga-yaha krama rakhA gayA hai| yahA yaha vizeSa dhyAtavya hai ki parva-parva ke kAraNoM ke rahane para uttarottara kAraNa anivArya rUpa se rahate hai| jaise mithyAtva kI upasthiti meM zeSa cAro kAraNa bhI rahege kitu avirati rahane para mithyAtva rahe yaha koI niyama nahIM hai| bhinna-bhinna adhikaraNoM kI apekSA hI ukta pratyaya batAye gaye hai| baMdha karma rUpa pariNata pudagaloM kA jIvatmA ke sAtha eka kSetrAvagala sabadha ho jAnA baMdha hai|' do padArthoM ke mela ko baMdha kahate haiN| yaha saMbaMdha dhana aura dhanI kI taraha kA nahIM hai, na hI gAya ke gale meM baMdhane vAlI rassI kI taraha kA, varan baMdha kA artha jIva aura karma pudgaloM kA milakara ekameka ho jAne se hai| AtmA ke pradezoM meM karma pradezoM kA dUdha meM jala kI taraha ekameka ho jAnA hI badha kahalAtA hai| jisa prakAra svarNa aura tAbe ke saMyoga se eka vijAtIya avasthA utpanna ho jAtI hai, athavA hAiDrojana aura oNksIjana rUpa do gaisoM ke sammizraNa se jala rUpa eka vijAtIya padArtha kI utpatti ho jAtI hai usI prakAra baMdha paryAya meM jIva aura pudgalo kI eka vijAtIya avasthA utpanna ho jAtI hai to na to zuddha jIva meM pAyI jAtI hai, na hI zuddha pudagaloM meM jIva aura pudagala donoM apane-apane guNoM se cyuta hokara eka navIna avasthA kI racanA karate haiM / isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki ve sarvathA apane svabhAva se cyuta ho jAte haiM tathA phira unheM pathaka kiyA hI nahIM jA sktaa| unheM pRthaka bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai jaise mizrita sone aura tAMbe ko galAkara athavA prayoga vizeSa me jala ko punaH hAiDrojana aura oNksIjana rUpa meM pariNata kiyA jA sakatA hai| usI prakAra karmabaddha jIva bhI apane puruSArthajanya prayoga ke bala se karmoM se pRthaka ho sakatA hai| Astrava-baMdha saMbaMdha jIva ke mana, vacana aura kAya gata pravRtti ke nimitta meM kArmaNa vargaNaNAoM kA karma rUpa se pariNata honA 'Asrava' hai, tathA Asravita karma pudgaloM kA jIva ke rAgadveSAdi vikAroM ke nimitta se AtmA ke sAtha ekAkAra/eka rasa ho jAnA hI 'baMdha' hai| baMdha, AsravapUrvaka hI hotA hai| isIlie Asrava ko baMdha kA hetu kahate haiN|' Asrava aura baMdha donoM yugapat hote haiN| unameM koI samaya bheda nahIM hai| Asrava aura baMdha kA yahI saMbaMdha hai| sAmAnyatayA Asrava ke kAraNoM koI baMdha ke kAraNa (kAraNa kA kAraNa hone me) kaha dete haiM, kiMtu baMdha ke 1 AsaverAvaraNa karmaNa atmanAsayoga bandha, na bhA hari vR 1/3 2 ApakarmaNoranyonya pravezAnupravezAtmako badha., marvA mi 1/4, 11 3 Azravo badha hetu bharvAn / 4 ta mU 8.2 -jaina darzana sAra, pa.44

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110 jena dharma aura darzana lie alaga zakniyA kArya karatI hai| baMdha ke kAraNa mUla rUpa meM do hI zaktiyAM karma baMdha kA kAraNa haiM--kaSAya aura yoga / yoga rUpa zakti ke kAraNa karma vargaNAeM jIva kI ora AkRSTa hotI haiM tathA rAgadveSAdi rUpa manovikAra (kaSAya) kA nimitta pAkara jIvAtmA ke mAtha cipaka jAte haiM, arthAt yoga zakti ke kAraNa karma vargaNAeM karma rUpa se pariNata hotI haiM tathA kaSAyoM ke kAraNa unakA AtmA ke sAtha saMzleSa rUpa eka kSetrAvagAha saMbaMdha hotA hai| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki karma-baMdha me mUla rUpa se do zaktiyAM hI (yoga aura kaSAya) kAma karatI hai|' inameM kaSAyoM ko goMda kI,yoga ko vAyu kI, karma ko dhUla kI tathA jIva ko dIvAra kI upamA dI jAtI hai| dIvAra gIlI ho athavA usa para goMda lagI ho to vAya se prerita dhala usa para cipaka jAtI hai, kitu sApha-svaccha dIvAra para vaha cipake binA ir3akara gira jAtI hai| usI prakAra yoga rUpa vAyu se prerita karma bhI kaSAya rUpa goMda yukta AtmapradezoM se cipaka jAtI hai| dhUla kI hInAdhikatA vAyu ke vega para nirbhara karatI hai tathA unakA Tike rahanA goMda kI pragADhatA aura patalepana para avalambita hai| goda ke pragADha hone para dhula kI cipakana bhI pragADha hotI hai tathA usake patale hone para dhUla bhI jaldI hI jhar3akara gira jAtI hai| usI prakAra yoga kI adhikatA se karma pradeza adhika Ate haiM tathA unakI hInatA se alp| utkRSTa yoga hone para karma pradeza utkRSTa badhate haiM tathA jaghanya hone para jaghanya / usI prakAra yadi kaSAya pragAr3ha hotI haiM to karma adhika samaya taka Tikate haiM tathA unakA phala bhI adhika milatA hai| kaSAyoM ke maMda hone para karma bhI kama samaya taka Tikate haiM tathA unakA phala bhI alpa milatA hai| isa prakAra yoga aura kaSAya rUpI zaktiyAM hI baMdha ke pramukha kAraNa haiN| isaliye jaina dharma meM kaSAya ke tyAga para jora dete hue kahA gayA hai ki "jinheM badha nahIM karanA hai ve kaSAya na kreN"| baMdha ke bheda dravya baMdha aura bhAva baMdha kI apekSA baMdha ke do bheda kiye gaye haiN| jina rAga, dveSa, mohAdi manovikAroM se karmoM kA baMdha hotA hai unheM 'bhAva-baMdha kahate haiM tathA karma pudgaloM kA AtmA ke sAtha ekAkAra ho jAnA 'dravya' baMdha hai| bhAva baMdha hI dravya baMdha kA kAraNa hai, ata: use pradhAna samajhakara bacanA caahie| dravya baMdha ke bheda : dravya baMdha ke cAra bheda kie gae haiM-1. prakRti baMdha, 2. sthiti baMdha,3. anubhAga baMdha,4. pradeza bNdh| - 1. dra sa 33 2 mo mA pra pR35 3 5 sa 32 4 (a) ta s8/3 (4) payadididi aNubhAgA padesa bhedA ducadu vidhobadhoM isa 33

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karmabaMdha kI prakriyA (Asrava baMdha) : 111 (1) prakRti baMdha 'prakRti' kA artha svabhAva hotA hai / ' pratyeka padArtha kA apanA svabhAva hotA hai| jaise nIma kA svabhAva kar3avApana hai, gur3a kA svabhAva mIThA hai. vaise hI pratyeka karmo kA apanA-apanA svabhAva hai / jJAnAvaraNI karma kI prakRti jJAna ko AcchAdita karanA hai, darzanAvaraNI karma darzana ko prakaTa hone nahIM detA / baMdha ke samaya baMdhane vAle karma-paramANuoM meM apane-apane svabhAva ke anusAra prakRti par3ha jAtI hai / isI kA nAma 'prakRti baMdha' hai / (2) pradeza baMdha baMdhe hue karma-paramANuoM kI saMkhyA ko 'pradeza baMdha' kahate haiN| apane-apane svabhAva ke anurUpa baMdhane vAle karma paramANuoM kI koI na koI saMkhyA hotI hai, usa saMkhyA ko hI 'pradeza baMdha' kahate haiN| (3) sthiti baMdha Asravita karma jaba taka apane svabhAva rUpa se Tike rahate haiM usa kAla kI maryAdA ko sthiti baMdha kahate haiN| sabhI karmoM kI apanI-apanI sthiti hotI hai| kucha karma kSaNa-bhara Tikate haiM tathA kucha karma hajAroM varSa taka AtmA ke sAtha cipake rahate haiN| unake isa Tike rahane kI kAla maryAdA ko hI 'sthiti baMdha' kahate haiN| jisa prakAra gAya, bhaiMsa, bakarI Adi ke dUdha meM mAdhurya eka nizcita kAlAvadhi taka hI rahatA hai, usake bAda vaha vikRta ho jAtA hai| usI prakAra pratyeka karma kA svabhAva bhI eka nizcita kAla taka hI rahatA hai / yaha maryAdA hI sthiti baMdha hai jisakA nirdhAraNa jIva ke bhAvoM ke anusAra karma baMdhate samaya hI ho jAtA hai, aura karma tabhI taka phala dete haiM jitanI ki unakI sthiti hotI hai| ise Duration Period bhI kaha sakate haiN| (4) anubhAga baMdha karmoM kI phaladAna-zakti ko 'anubhAga baMdha' kahate haiN| pratyeka karma kI phaladAna zakti apane-apane svabhAva ke anurUpa hI hotI hai| jaise--bakarI, gAya, bhaiMsa Adi ke dUdha ke svAda meM taratamatA rahatI hai| usI prakAra pratyeka karmoM kI apanI-apanI tIvra maMdAdika phaladAna zakti rahatI hai| prakRti baMdha sAmAnya hai| apane-apane svabhAva ke anurUpa karma A to jAte haiM, kiMtu unameM taratamatA anubhAga baMdha ke kAraNa hI AtI hai| jaise ganne kA svabhAva mIThA hai para vaha kitanA mIThA hai? yaha saba usameM rahane vAlI miThAsa para hI nirbhara hai| 1 ta vA 8/3/4 2 tavA 8/3/7 3ta vA 8/3/5 4 ta. vA 8/3/6

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112 / jaina dharma aura darzana jAnAvaraNI karma kA svabhAva jJAna ko DhAkanA hai.para vaha kitanA DhAMke? yaha usake anubhAga baMdha kI taratamatA para nirbhara hai / prakRti baMdha aura anubhAga baMdha meM itanA hI aMtara hai| anubhAga baMdha meM taratamatA hamAre zubhazubha bhAvoM ke anusAra hotI rahatI hai| maMda anubhAga meM hameM alpa mukha-duHkha hotA hai tathA anubhAga meM tIvratA hone para hamAre sukha-duHkha meM tIvratA hotI hai| jaise ubalate hue jala ke eka kaTore se bhI hamArA zarIra jala jAtA hai kitu sAmAnya garma jala se snAna karane ke bAda bhI koI khAsa prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| usI prakAra tova anubhAga yukta alpakarma bhI hamAre guNoM ko adhika ghAtate haiM tathA maMda anubhAga yukta adhika karma-puMja bhI hamAre guNoM ko ghAtane meM adhika samartha nahIM ho pAte / isI kAraNa cAroM baMdhoM meM anubhAga baMdha kI hI pradhAnatA hai| __ ina cAra prakAra ke baMdhoM meM prakRti-baMdha aura pradeza baMdha yoga se hote haiM, jabaki sthiti aura anubhAga-baMdha kA kAraNa kaSAya hai / __ isa prakAra karmoM se baMdhA huA jIva vikArI hokara nAnA yoniyoM meM bhaTakatA hai| karma hI jIva ko parataMtra karate haiN| saMsAra meM jo vividhatA dikhAI detI hai, vaha saba karma baMdha janya hI hai| Asrava aura baMdha ke svarUpa ko vizeSa rUpa se samajhane ke lie karma siddhAnta para vicAra karanA jarUrI hai| usake binA isa viSaya ko samajha pAnA asaMbhava hai / puNya puNya vaha hai jisake kAraNa sAmAjika evaM bhautika stara para samatva kI sthApanA hotI hai / mana zarIra aura bAhya pariveza meM saMtulana banAnA yaha puNya kArya hai| puNya mAtra zubhAsrava hI nahIM vaha pApa kA vidhAtaka bhI hai| puNya azubha karmoM kI alpatA aura zubha karmoM ke udaya ke phalasvarupa prApta avasthA kA dyotaka hai| vaha mokSa kI upalabdhi meM bAdhaka nahIM sAdhaka hai| puNya ke mokSa kI upalabdhi meM sahAyaka svarUpa kI vyAkhyA karate hue AcArya zrI pUjya pAda kahate haiM, "puNya vaha hai jo AtmA ko pavitra karatA hai athavA pavitratA kI ora jAtA hai|" vastutaH puNya mokSArthiyo kI naukA ke lie anukUla vAyu hai jo naukA ko bhava sAgara se zIghra pAra karA detI hai|

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karma aura usake bheda-prabheda karma * karma kA astitva . karma kA svarUpa jaina darzana meM karma kA svarUpa amUrta kA mUrta se badha kaise? anAdi kA ata kaise? kaise baMdhate haiM karma

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karma ke bheda-prabheda * * karma ke mUla bheda karma ke uttara bheda jJAnAvaraNa karma darzanAvaraNI karma vedanIya karma vedanIya karma-badha ke kAraNa mohanIya karma Ayu karma Ayu karma ke badha sabadhI vizeSa niyama Ayu badha ke kAraNa nAma karma nAma karma ke badha kA kAraNa gotra karma gotra karma ke badha kA kAraNa atarAya karma atarAya karma-badha ke kAraNa

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karma aura usake bheda-prabheda karma kA astitva isa vizAla jagat aura apane jIvana me jaba hama jhAkakara dekhate haiM, to hameM aneka vividhatA dikhAI par3atI hai / jagat vividhatAoM kA keMdra hai, tathA jIvana viSamatAo se ghirA hai| jagat meM koI sukhI, koI duHkhI, koI nirdhana, koI dhanavAna, koI UMca,koI nIca, koI paMDita, koI mUrkha, koI suMdara, koI kurUpa, koI durbala, koI balavAna, koI unmatta, koI vidvAn, kahIM jIvana, kahIM maraNa, koI bar3A, koI choTA Adi aneka vividhatAeM pAyI jAtI haiN| sarvatra vaicitrya hI dikhatA hai tathA jIvana meM bhI aneka viSamAtAe haiN| hamArA jIvana bhI AzA-nirAzA, sukha-duHkha, prasannatA-aprasannatA, harSa-viSAda anukUlatA-pratikUlatA Adi aneka paristhitiyoM se gujaratA huA vyatIta hotA hai| jIvana me kahIM samarUpatA nahIM hai| jagat kI isa vividhatA aura jIvana kI viSamatA kA koI na koI to hetu honA hI cAhie / vaha hetu hai 'karma' / karma hI jagat kI vividhatA aura jIvana kI viSamatA kA janaka hai| karma kA svarUpa jo jaisA karatA hai, use vaisA hI phala bhoganA paDatA hai| sAmAnyata karma siddhAMta kA yahI abhiprAya hai / karma ko sabhI bhAratIya darzana svIkAra karate hai (mirpha cArvAka ko choDakara kyoki vaha to AtmA ke astitva ko hI nahIM svIkArate) ima siddhAna meM eka mata hote hue bhI karma ke svarUpa aura usake phala dene ke saMbaMdha meM mabakI apanI-apanI mAnyAtAeM haiN| 'karma' kA zAbdika artha 'kArya',pravRtti athavA kriyA hotA hai, arthAt jo kiyA jAtA hai, use karma kahate haiN| jaise-haMsanA, ronA, calanA, daur3anA, khAnA, pInA Adi / ' vyavahAra meM kAma-dhaMdhe yA vyavasAya ko 'karma' kahA jAtA hai / karmakADI mImAMsaka, yajJa Adi kriyAoM ko karma kahate haiN| smRtiyoM meM cAra varNa aura cAra AzramoM ke yogya karttavyoM ko karma kahA gayA hai / paurANika loga vrata, niyama Adi dhArmika kriyAoM ko karma mAnane haiN| vaiyyAkaraNa jo kartA ke lie iSTa ho, use karma mAnate haiN| nyAya zAstra meM utkSepaNa, avakSepaNa, AkuMcana,pramAraNa tathA gamana rUpa pAMca prakAra kI kriyAoM ke lie 'karma' zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| yoga-darzana meM saMskAra ko 1.ta vA 6/3 2 jaina dharma darzana, pR 442 3 kutarIpsitatama karmaH aSTAdhyAyI 1/4/49 4 utkSepaNa mavakSepaNa mAkucana prasAraNa gamanatiti karmANi / -jainendra siddhAta koSa 2/28

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116 / jena dharma ora darzana 'apUrva vAsanA' athavA 'karma' kahA jAtA hai / bauddha-darzana meM karma vAsanA rUpa hai| jaina darzana meM karmaviSayaka mAnyatA ina sabase pRthak hai / jaina siddhAta meM jo karma siddhAta kA vivacana milanA hai vaha atyana vizada tathA arthapUrNa hai| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra karma kA artha kAyika kriyAkADo eva anya pravRttiyoM se nahI hai / na hI bauddhoM aura vaizeSikoM kI taraha saskAra mAtra hai, apitu karma bhI eka pRthak sattA bhUta padArtha hai / jaina darzana meM karma kA svarUpa jaina darzana meM karma ko pudgala-paramANuo kA piDa mAnA gayA hai| tadnusAra, yaha loka teIma prakAra kI pudagala-vargaNAoM se vyApta hai| unameM se kucha pudgala-paramANu karma rUpa se pariNata hote haiM, unheM karma vargaNA kahate hai| kucha zarIra rUpa se pariNata hote hai ve nokarma vargaNA kahalAte haiN| loka ina dono prakAra ke paramANuoM se pUrNa hai| jIva apane mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRttiyoM se inheM grahaNa karatA hai| mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti tabhI hotI hai jaba jIva ke sAtha karma sabaddha ho, tathA jIva ke sAtha karma tabhI sabaddha hote hai, jaba mana, vacana yA kAya kI pravRtti ho| isa prakAra karma se pravRtti tathA pravRtti se karma kI paraparA anAdi se calI A rahI hai| karma aura pravRtti ke isa kAryakAraNa bhAva ko dRSTigata rakhate hue pudgala paramANuoM ke piDa rUpa karma ko 'dravya karma' tathA rAgadveSAdi rUpa pravRttiyo ko 'bhAva-karma' kahA gayA hai|' dravya karma aura bhAva karma kA kArya-kAraNa sabadha vRkSa aura bIja ke samAna anAdi hai| jagat kI vividhatA kA kAraNa ukta dravya-karma hI hai, tathA rAga-dveSAdi manovikAra rUpa bhAva-karma hI jIvana meM viSamatA utpanna karate hai| amUrta kA mUrta se baMdha kaise? isa prasaga me yaha jijJAsA sahaja hI ho jAtI hai ki jIva cetanAvAna, amUrta padArtha hai tathA karma paudgalika pidd| taba mUrta kA amUrta AtmA se badha kaise hotA hai ? mUrtika kA mUrtika se sabadha to ucita hai, kitu mUrtika kA amUrtika se sabadha kaise hotA hai| isa prazna kA samAdhAna jainAcAryoM ne anekAtAtmaka zailI meM diyA hai| jaina darzana meM sasArI AtmA ko AkAza kI taraha sarvathA amUrta nahI mAnA gayA hai| use anAdi badhana-baddha hone ke kAraNa mUrtika bhI mAnA gayA hai| badha paryAya meM ekatva hone ke kAraNa AtmA ko martika mAnakara bhI vaha apane jJAna Adi svabhAva kA parityAga nahI karatA. isa apekSA se use amUrtika kahA gayA hai| isI kAraNa anAdi badhana-baddhatA hone se usakA mUrta karmoM ke sAtha badha ho jAtA hai / jisa prakAra ghI (nAmaka padArtha) mUlata dUdha meM utpanna hotA hai,paratu eka bAra ghI bana jAne ke bAda use puna dUdha rUpa meM pariNata karanA asabhava hai athavA jisa prakAra svarNa nAmaka padArtha mUlata 1 go kA kA 6 2 drasa gA7

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karma aura usake bheda-prabheda / 117 pASANa meM pAyA jAtA hai paratu eka bAra svarNa bana jAne para use kiTTimA ke sAtha milA pAnA asabhava hai / usI prakAra jIva bhI sadA hI mUlata karmabaddha (sazarIrI) upalabdha hotA hai,paraMtu eka bAra karmoM se sabadha chUTa jAne para puna isakA zarIra ke sAtha sabadha ho pAnA asabhava hai / jIva mUlata amUrtika yA karma rahita nahI hai, balki karmoM se sayukt rahane ke kAraNa vaha apane svabhAva se cyuta upalabdha hotA hai| isa kAraNa vaha mUlata amUrtika na hokara, kathacit mUrtika hai / aisA svIkAra kara lene para usakA mUrta karmoM ke sAtha badha ho jAnA,virodha ko prApta nahI hotA / hA,eka bAra mukta ho jAne para vaha sarvathA amUrtika avazya ho jAtA hai, aura taba karma ke sAtha usake baMdha hone kA prazna hI nahI utthtaa| kaba se baMdhA hai karma? jaise svarNa-pASANa ko khadAna se nikAlane para vaha kAlimA aura kiTTimA rUpa vikRti-yukta hotA hai| use rAsAyanika prayogoM se pRthak kara zuddha kiyA jAtA hai| usI taraha sasArI jIvo kA karmoM se anAdi-kAlIna sabadha hai| sAdhanA aura tapazcaryA ke bala para karmoM ko alaga kara AtmA se paramAtmA banA jA sakatA hai| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra sasAra meM rahane vAlA pratyeka jIva karmoM se badhA huA hai| jIva kabhI zuddha thA phira azuddha huA ho, aisI bAta nahI hai, kyoki yadi vaha zuddha thA to phira usake azuddha hone kA koI kAraNa hI nahI bntaa| yadi phira bhI vaha azuddha hotA hai taba to mukti ke upAya kI bAta hI nirarthaka ho jAtI hai| isI bAta kA samAdhAna karate hue jainAcAryoM ne kahA hai ki "jIva aura karma kA anAdi se sabadha hai ina karmoM ke kAraNa hI samAra kI nAnA yAniyo meM bhaTakatA haA yaha jIva sadA se dukho kA bhAra uThAtA A rahA hai|" karma badha ora mamAra paribhramaNa ko spaSTa karate hae AcArya kada-kada svAmI ne apane 'pacAmtikAya' me kahA hai ki jo khalu samArantho jIvA tatto duhodi pariNAmoM pariNAmAdo kamma kammAdo hodi gadi mu gadi gadi madhigadamma deho dehAdo idiyANi jAyate tehi duvisayagrAhaNa tatto du rAgo va dosovA jAdi jIvammeva bhAva masAra cakka vAlammi idi jiNavarehi bhaNida aNAdi NihaNoM saNihaNoM vA // 2 masAra meM jitane bhI jIva haiM, unameM gaga dveSa rUpa pariNAma hote hai| una pariNAmoM me karma badhate haiN| karmoM se cAra gatiyoM meM janma lenA paDatA hai| janma lene se zarIra milatA hai tathA zarIra meM indriyA hotI haiM, inase viSayo kA grahaNa hotA hai tathA viSayoM ke grahaNa se rAga-dveSa hote haiN| isa prakAra masArarUpI cakra meM bhramaNa karate hae jIva ke bhAvoM se karmoM kA badha tathA karma badha se jIva ke bhAva. manani kI apekSA anAdi me calA A rahA hai| 1 karma siddhAta 38 2 pa kA 128-30

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118 / jaina dharma aura darzana yaha cakra abhavya jIvoM kI apekSA anAdi anaMta hai tathA bhavya jIvoM kI apekSA anAdisAMta / anAdi kA aMta kaise? aimA nahIM hai ki isa anAdi karma-baMdha kA aMta asaMbhava hI ho| isa vivecana meM yaha bAta vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya hai ki karma-cakra rAga-dveSa ke nimitta se ghar3I yaMtra kI bhAMti satat calatA rahatA hai, tathA jaba taka rAga-dveSa aura moha ke vega meM kamI nahIM AtI taba taka yaha karma-cakra nirbAdha rUpa se calatA rahatA hai| rAga-dveSa ke abhAva meM kriyAeM karma-baMdha nahIM kraatiiN| isa bAta ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya zrI kuMda-kuMda svAmI ne 'samayamAra' meM kahA hai ki koI vyakti apane zarIra ko tela se lipta kara dhRlI-pUrNa sthAna meM jAkara zamtra saMcAlana karatA hai, aura tAr3a, kelA,bAMsa Adi ke vRkSoM kA chedana karatA hai, usa samaya vaha dhUla ur3akara usake zarIra se cipaka jAtI hai / vastutaH dekhA jAe to usa vyakti kA zastra-saMcAlana zarIra meM dhUla cipakAne kA yahI kAraNa nahIM hai| vAstavika kAraNa to tela kA lepa hI hai, jisase dhUla kA saMbaMdha hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaba vyakti binA tela lagAe pUrvokta kriyAeM karatA hai to dhRla nahIM lgtii| isI prakAra gaga-dveSa rUpI tela se lipta AtmA meM karma-raja Akara cipakatI hai aura AtmA ko malina banAkara itanA parAdhIna kara detI hai ki anaMta-zakti saMpanna jIvAtmA, kaThaputalI kI taraha,karmo ke izAre para nAcA karanA hai / jIva aura karma ke saMbaMdha ko maMtati kI apekSA anAdi mAnate hue bhI paryAya kI dRSTi se sAdi-saMbaMdha mAnA gayA hai| bIja aura vRkSa ke saMbaMdha para dRSTi DAleM to saMtati kI apekSA unakA kAraNa-kArya bhAva anAdi hogaa| jaise apane sAmane lage Ama ke vRkSa kA kAraNa hama usa bIja ko kaheMge, yadi hamArI dRSTi pratiniyata Ama ke per3a taka hI jAtI hai to hama use usa bIja se utpanna kahakara sAdi-maMbaMdha sUcita kreNge| kiMtu isa bIja ke utpAdaka anya vRkSa tathA anya vRkSa ke janaka anya bIja kI paraMparA para dRSTi DAleM to isa dRSTi se yaha saMbaMdha anAdi mAnanA hogaa| kucha dArzanikoM kA mAnanA hai ki jo anAdi haiM umakA aMta nahIM ho sakatA. kiMta vastu sthiti aisI nahIM hai| yaha koI anivArya nahIM hai ki anAdi vasta anaMta hI hai| vaha anaMta bhI ho sakatI hai tathA virodhI kAraNa ke A jAne para anaMta hone vAle saMbaMdha kA mUloccheda bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai, kahA bhI hai ___ dagdhe bIje yathAtyante prAdurbhavati naaddkurH| __ karmabIje tathA dagdhe na rohati bhavADkuraH // ' arthAt bIja ke jala jAne para punaH navIna vRkSa ke nimitta banane vAlA aMkura utpanna sasAra se mukta hone kI yogyatA vAle sasArI jIvo ko bhavya tathA vaisI yogyatA se rahita jIvo ko abhavya kahate haiN| bhavya jIva apane puruSArtha se anAdikAlIna karma satati ko ucchinna kara sakate haiM jabaki abhavya jIvo ke lie vaha sabhava nahI hai| isI apekSA se bhavya jIvo kI satati ko anAdi zAta tathA abhavyo ko anAdi anata kahA gayA hai| samayasAra gA 252-255 ta vA. 10/9 para uddhRta, pR725

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karma aura usake bheda-prabheda / 119 nahIM hotA / usI prakAra karma bIja ke bhasma ho jAne para bhavarUpI aMkura utpanna nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra bIja aura vRkSa kI saMtati kI taraha jIva aura karmoM kA paraspara nimitta-naimettika saMbaMdha hai| jIva ke azuddha pariNAmoM ke nimitta se pudgala-vargaNAeM karma rUpa pariNata ho jAtI haiM tathA padla karmoM ke nimitta se jIva ke azuddha pariNAma hote haiN| phira bhI jIva karma-rUpa nahIM hotA tathA karma jIva-rUpa nahIM hotaa| donoM ke nimitta se saMsAra cakra calatA rahatA hai| kaise baMdhate haiM karma? jaina darzanAnusAra loka meM aisA koI bhI sthAna nahIM hai, jahAM karma yogya pudgala paramANu na ho| jIva ke mana, vacana aura kAya ke nimitta se arthAt jIva kI mAnasika, vAcanika aura kAyika pravRtti ke kAraNa karma yogya paramANu cAroM ora se AkRSTa ho jAte haiM tathA kaSAyoM ke kAraNa jIvAtmA se cipaka jAte haiN| isa prakAra karma-baMdha ke do hI kAraNa mAne gae haiM--yoga aura kssaay| zarIra, vANI aura mana kI pravRtti ko yoga kahate haiM tathA krodhAdika-vikAra kaSAya ke aMtargata hai| vaise kaSAyoM ke aneka bheda ho sakate haiM, kiMtu sthUla rUpa se do bheda kie gae haiM-'rAga aura dveSa' / rAga-dveSa yukta zArIrika, vAcanika aura mAnasika pravRtti hI karma-baMdha kA kAraNa hai| vaise to sabhI kriyAeM karmopArjana kA hetu banatI haiM kiMtu jo kriyAeM kaSAya-yukta hotI haiM unase hone vAlA baMdha balavAna hotA hai, jabaki kaSAyarahita kriyAoM se hone vAlA baMdha nirbala aura alpAya hotA hai| ise naSTa karane meM alpa zakti evaM alpa samaya lagatA hai| isa prakAra yoga evaM kaSAya karma baMdha ke pramukha kAraNa haiN| jaina dharma aura sAmAjika nyAya jaina dharma meM sAmAjika vaiSamya kI kisI rUpa meM bhI svIkRti nahIM hai| jaina saMskRti sAmAjika nyAya maitrI aura samatA para bala dekara baMdhutA kI sthApanA karatI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jaina saMskRti ko punaH sthApanA karate hue ina sabhI jIvana mUlyoM ko samAja ke lie anivArya mAnA hai| manuSya ke saMskAra saMvardhana ke lie udAtta guNoM kA grahaNa jisa samAja meM hogA, vaha svayameva susaMskRta ho jaaegaa| pro. vijayendra snAtaka 'AsthA aura ciMtana se 1. samaya sAra 86-87

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karma ke bheda-prabheda karma ke mUla bheda gena karma-zAstra kI dRSTi se karma kI ATha mUla prakRtiyAM haiM, jo prANiyoM ko anukUla aura pratikUla phala pradAna karatI haiN| ve haiM-1. jJAnAvaraNa, 2. darzanAvaraNa, 3. vedanI", 4. mohanIya,5. Ayu,6. nAma,7. gotra,8. aMtarAya / ' inameM se jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa,mohanIya aura aMtarAya ye cAra karma ghAtiyA hai,kyoMki 'nase AtmA ke guNoM kA ghAta hotA hai| zeSa cAra karma aghAtiyA haiM kyoMki ye AtmA ke 'kasI guNa kA ghAta nahIM karate, balki AtmA ko eka aisA rUpa pradAna karate haiM jo usakA najI nahIM hai, apitu bhautika hai| jJAnAvaraNa karma se AtmA ke jJAna guNa kA ghAta hotA hai| darzanAvaraNa karma AtmA ke darzana-guNa kA ghAta karatA hai| mohanIya karma jIva ke samyak zraddhA aura caritra-guNa ko naSTa karatA hai| aMtarAya karma se jIva kA vIrya arthAt zakti kA ghAta hotA hai| Ayu karma se AtmA ko narakAdi gatiyoM kI prApti hotI hai| nAma karma ke kAraNa jIva ko citra-vicitra zarIra aura gatiyAM milatI haiM, tathA gotra karma prANiyoM meM uccatva aura nIcatva kA kAraNa hai| __ina ATha karmoM ke kAryoM ko darzAne ke lie ATha udAharaNa die gae haiN| jJAnAvaraNI' karma kA kArya kapar3e kI paTTI kI taraha hai| jisa prakAra AMkha para baMdhI paTTI STi kA pratibaMdhaka hai, vaise hI jJAnAvaraNa-karma jJAna-guNa ko prakaTa nahIM hone detaa| darzanAvaraNI karma pratihArI kI taraha hai| jisa prakAra dvArapAlo kI anumati ke binA kisI hala meM praveza nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, usI prakAra darzanAvaraNa-karma jIva ko anaMta-darzana karane se rokatA hai| vedanIya' karma talavAra kI dhAra para lage zahada ke svAda kI taraha hotA hai, go eka kSaNa ko sukha detA hai, para usakA pariNAma duHkhada hotA hai| 'mohanIya' karma madya kI raha hai| jisa prakAra madya ke naze meM vyakti ko apane hita-ahita kA vicAra nahIM rahatA tathA raha kartavya aura akartavya kA vicAra kie binA kucha bhI AcaraNa karatA hai, usI prakAra nohanIya karma bhI jIva ko viveka-zUnya kara usakI AcAra aura vicAra zakti ko rokatA hai| 'Ayu' karma bUMTe kI taraha hai / jisa prakAra bUMTe se baMdhA pazu usake cAroM ora hI ghUmatA hai, vaise hI Ayu karma se baMdhA jIva usakA ullaMghana nahIM kara sktaa| 'nAma' karma citrakAra kI taraha hai| jisa prakAra citrakAra choTe-bar3e, acche-bure aneka prakAra ke citroM kA nirmANa 1 go sa karmakADa 10 2 go sA karmakADa 21

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karma aura usake bheda-prabheda / 121 karatA hai usI prakAra nAma karma jIva ke citra-vicitra zarIra kA nirmANa karatA hai| 'gotra' karma kumhAra kI taraha hai| jisa prakAra kumhAra choTe-bar3e bartanoM kA nirmANa karatA hai, usI prakAra gotra karma jIva ko ucca aura nIca kuloM meM utpanna karAtA hai| 'aMtarAya' karma bhaMDArI kI taraha hai| jisa prakAra bhaMDArI kI anumati ke binA rAjakoSa se dhana nahIM nikAlA jA sakatA, usI prakAra aMtarAya karma jIva kI anaMta zakti kA pracchAdaka hai| isa prakAra ye ATha karmoM ke mUla bheda haiN| kiMtu inakI uttara prakRttiyAM (prabheda) 148 ho jAte haiN| karma ke uttara bheda jJAnAvaraNa karma-jJAnAvaraNa karma jIva ke jJAna guNa ko AcchAdita/AvRta karatA hai| jisake kAraNa isa saMsAra avasthA meM usakA pUrNa vikAsa nahIM ho paataa| jisa prakAra devatA kI mUrti para DhakA huA vastra devatA ko AcchAdita kara letA hai, usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNI karma jJAna ko AcchAdita kie rahatA hai| itanA hone para bhI vaha jIva kI jJAna-zakti ko pUrNatayA AvRta nahIM kara paataa| jisa prakAra saghana-ghaTAoM se AcchAdita rahane para bhI sUrya prakAza kA abhAva (dina meM) pUrNatayA nahIM ho pAtA, usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNI karma kA tIvratama udaya hone para bhI vaha jIva ko jJAna zakti ko pUrNatayA naSTa/AvRta nahIM kara sakatA, jisase ki jIva sarvathA jJAna-zanya hokara jaDavata ho ske| jJAnAvaraNI karma ke pA~ca uttara bheda haiM-1. mati-jJAnAvaraNa. 2. zrata-jJAnAvaraNa.3. avadhi-jJAnAvaraNa.4. manaHparyaya-jJAnAvaraNa, 5. kevala jnyaanaavrnn| ye pAMcoM karma kramazaH pUrvokta pAMca jJAnoM ko AvRta karate haiN| nimna kAraNoM se jJAnAvaraNI karma kA vizeSa baMdha hotA hai'1. jJAna jJAnI tathA jJAna ke sAdhana ke prati dveSa rakhane se| 2. jJAna-dAtA guruoM kA nAma chipAne se| 3. jJAna, jJAnI tathA jJAna ke sAdhanoM kA nAza karane se| 4. jJAna ke sAdhanoM kI virAdhanA karane se| 5. kisI ke jJAna meM bAdhA DAlane se| 2. darzanAvaraNI karma-padArthoM kI vizeSatA ko grahaNa kie binA kevala unake sAmAnya dharma kA avabhAsa karanA darzana hai| darzanAvaraNI karma ukta darzana guNa ko AvRta karatA hai| darzana guNa ke sImita hone para jJAnopalabdhi kA dvAra baMda ho jAtA hai| isakI tulanA rAjA ke dvArapAla se kI jA sakatI hai| dvArapAla rAjA se milane meM kisI vyakti ko bAdhA pahuMcAtA hai / jisa prakAra dvArapAla kI anumati ke binA koI bhI vyakti rAjA se nahI mila sakatA, vaise hI darzanAvaraNI karma vastuoM ke sAmAnya bodha ko rokatA hai| padArthoM ko dekhane meM ar3acana DAlatA hai| isakI nau uttara prakRttiyAM haiM-1. cakSu-darzanAvaraNa, 2. acakSu-darzanAvaraNa, 3. avadhi darzanAvaraNa, 4. kevala darzanAvaraNa, 5. nidrA,6. nidrA-nidrA, 1. dra. sa. gA 35 2. sU.8/6 3. tasU.6/10

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122 / jaina dharma aura darzana 7. pracalA, 8. pracalApracalA, 9. styAna - gRddhi / 1 1 'cakSu darzanAvaraNa karma' netroM dvArA hone vAle sAmAnya avabodha ko rokatA hai| cakSu ke alAvA zeSa iMdriyoM se hone vAle sAmAnya bodha ko 'acakSu darzanAvaraNa' rokatA 'avadhi - darzanAvaraNa' iMdriya aura mana ke binA hone vAle rUpI padArtha ke sAmAnya bodha ko rokatA hai| 2 tathA kevala darzanAvaraNa karma sarvadravyoM aura paryAyoM kI yugapata hone vAle sAmAnya avabodha ko rokatA hai| halkI nIMda ko nidrA kahate haiN| aisI nIda ki prANI AvAja lagAte hI jAga uTheM, 'nidrA karma' se utpanna hotI hai| 'nidrA-nidrA' karma ke udaya se aisI nIMda AtI hai, jisase prANI bar3I muzkila se jAga pAtA hai / pracalA karma ke udaya se jIva khar3e-khar3e yA baiThe-baiThe hI so jAyA karatA hai / pracalApracalA karma ke udaya se nIda meM mukha se lAra bahane lagatI hai, tathA hAtha-paira Adi calAyamAna ho jAte haiN| 'styAna- gRddhi karma' ke udaya se aisI pragAr3hatama nIMda AtI hai, jisase vyakti dina meM yA rAtri meM soce hue kArya-vizeSa ko nidrAvasthA meM hI saMpanna kara detA hai / " nidrA meM AtmA kA avyakta upayoga hotA hai, arthAt use vastu kA sAmAnya AbhAsa nahIM ho sktaa| isalie 'nidrA' ke pAMca bhedoM ko darzanAvaraNI karma ke uttara bhedoM meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai / cakSu darzanAvaraNadi cAroM darzanAvAraNI karma darzana-zakti ke prApti meM bAdhaka hote hai / jina kAraNo se jJAnAvaraNI karma kA baMdha hotA hai, darzanAvaraNI karma bhI unhI sAdhanoM se baMdhatA hai| aMtara kevala itanA hai ki yahAM jJAna aura jJAna ke sAdhana na hokara, darzana aura darzana ke sAdhano ke prati vaisA vyavahAra hone para, darzanAvaraNI baMdhatI hai / 7 3. vedanIya karma . jo karma-jIva ko sukha yA duHkha kA vedana karAtA hai, vaha vedanIya karma hai / yaha do prakAra kA hotA hai - 1. sAtA vedanIya evaM 2. asAtA vedniiy| jisa karma ke udaya se prANI ko anukUla viSayoM kI prApti se sukha kA anubhava hotA hai, vaha 'sAtA' vedanIya karma hai / jisa karma ke udaya se pratikUla viSayoM kI prApti hone para duHkha kA saMvedana hotA hai vaha 'asAtA' vedanIya karma hai| vedanIya karma kI tulanA madhu se lipta talavAra se kI gayI hai| jisa prakAra zahada lipta talavAra kI dhAra ko cATane se pahale alpa-sukha aura phira adhika duHkha hotA hai, vaise hI paud gAlika sukha meM duHkhoM kI adhikatA hotI hai| madhu ko cATane ke sadRza, sAtAvedanIya hai aura jIbha kaTane kI taraha asAtAvedanIya hai / ' 1 ta sU 8/7 2 ta vA 8/13-14-15 3 (a) go karma kADa jI ta pra gA 23-24 (ba) sukha paDi bohA niddhA, niddhA niddhAya dukkha paDivohA / 4 karma gratha gA. 2 5 karma kADa 24 6 karma kADa 23 7 ta sU 6/10 8 sarvA si, pR 296 9 vR dra sa TI gA 33 - paMcama karma graMtha

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karma aura usake bheda-prabheda / 123 vedanIya karma-baMdha ke kAraNa : sabhI prANiyoM para anukaMpA rakhane se vratiyoM kI sevA karane se, dAna dene se, hRdaya meM zAMti aura pavitratA rakhane se, sAdhuoM yA zrAvakoM ke vrata pAlana se, kaSAyoM ko vaza meM rakhane se sAtA-vedanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| isake viparIta svapara ko duHkha dene se, zokamagna rahane se, pIr3A pahuMcAne Adi AcaraNa karane se duHkha ke kAraNabhUta asAtA vedanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| asAtA vedanIya karma ke phalasvarUpa deha sadA roga-pIr3ita rahatA hai tathA buddhi aura zubha kriyAeM naSTa ho jAtI haiN| yaha prANI apane hita ke udyoga meM tatpara nahIM ho sktaa| 4. mohanIya karma : jo karma AtmA ko mohita karatA hai, mUr3ha banAtA hai, vaha mohanIya karma hai| isa karma ke kAraNa jIva moha grasta hokara saMsAra meM bhaTakatA hai| mohanIya karma saMsAra kA mUla hai| isIlie ise 'karmoM kA rAjA' kahA gayA hai| samasta duHkhoM kI prApti mohanIya karma se hI hotI hai| isIlie ise 'ari' yA 'zatru' bhI kahate haiN| anya sabhI karma mohanIya ke adhIna haiN| mohanIya karma rAjA hai, to zeSa karma prjaa| jaise rAjA ke abhAva meM prajA koI kArya nahIM kara sakatI, vaise hI moha ke abhAva meM anya karma apane kArya meM asamartha rahate haiN| yaha AtmA ke vItarAga-bhAva tathA zuddha svarUpa ko vikRta karatA hai| jisase AtmA rAga-dveSAdi vikAroM se grasta ho jAtA hai| yaha karma svapara viveka evaM svarUpa ramaNa meM bAdhA samupasthita karatA hai| isa karma kI tulanA madirApAna se kI gayI hai| jaise madirA pAna se mAnava paravaza ho jAtA hai, use apane tathA para ke svarUpa kA bhAna nahIM rahatA hai, vaha hitAhita ke viveka se zanya ho jAtA hai vaise hI mohanIya karma ke udaya me jIva ko tattva atattva kA bheda vijJAna nahIM ho pAtA / vaha saMsAra ke vikAroM meM ulajha jAtA hai|' darzana mohanIya aura cAritra mohanIya ke bheda se mohanIya karma do prakAra kA hai 1. darzana mohanIya : yahAM 'darzana' kA artha-tatvArtha zraddhAna rUpa Atma guNa hai| Apta. Agama yA padArthoM meM ruci yA zraddhA ko darzana kahate haiN| jo uma darzana ko mohita karatA hai arthAta viparIta kara detA hai, use 'darzana mohanIya' karma kahate haiM jaise madirA-pAna se buddhi mUrchita ho jAtI hai, vaise hI darzana mohanIya karma ke udaya se AtmA kA viveka vilupta ho jAtA hai| yaha anAtmIya padArthoM ko AtmIya samajhatA hai| vaha tattva ko atattva, atattva tattva tathA dharma ko adharma aura adharma ko dharma samajhane lagatA hai|' darzana mohanIya ke tIna bheda haiM-1. mithyAtva,2. samyak-mithyAtva,3. mamyaktva / (1) mithyAtva karma : jo karma tattva meM zraddhA utpanna nahIM hone detA aura viparIta zraddhA 1. ta. sU. 6/12 2. ta. sU.6/11 3. sarvA. si. 4. dha pu. 1, pR. 45 5.dra. sa.TI. gA 33 6. kha.6/1.9.1.sa.20, pR.37 7. tatvArtha zraddhAna samyak darzanam ta. sU. 1/2 8. dha pu.6/38 9. pacadhyAyI2/98

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124 / jaina dharma aura darzana utpanna karAtA hai, vaha 'mithyAtva' karma hai| isa karma ke udaya se jIva ko vaha mUDha avasthA utpanna ho jAtI hai, jisase vastu ke vAstavika svarUpa ke grahaNa kI yogyatA sarvathA tirohita ho jAtI hai| (2) samyak-mithyAtva yaha karma tattva zraddhA meM dolAyamAna sthiti utpanna karAtA hai| isa karma ke udaya se na tattva ke prati ruci rahatI hai, na atattva ke prati / isalie ise mizra-mohanIya karma bhI kahate haiN| yaha samyaktva aura mithyAtva kA mizrita rUpa hai| (3) samyaktva jo karma samyaktva ko to nahI rokatA, kitu usameM cala, malina aura agADha doSa utpanna karatA hai,vaha 'samyaktva' mohanIya karma hai / isa prakAra mithyAtva-prakRti azraddhA rUpa hotI hai tathA samyak-mithyAtva prakRti zraddhA aura azraddhA se mizrita hotI hai tathA samyaktva-prakRti se zraddhA meM zithilatA yA asthiratA hotI hai| jisake kAraNa cala, malina aura agADha ye tIna doSa utpanna hote haiN| yaha prakRti samyakatva ghAta to nahI karatI.parata zakAdika doSoM ko utpanna karatI hai| 2. cAritra mohanIya pApa kI kriyA kI nivRtti ko cAritra kahate haiN| mithyAtva, asayama aura kaSAya pApa hai| inake tyAga ko cAritra kahate haiM / isa cAritra ke vighAtaka karma ko cAritra-mohanIya kahate hai athavA apane svarUpa meM ramaNa karanA cAritra hai| jo usa cAritra kA vighAtaka hai, use 'cAritra mohanIya' kahate hai| kaSAya-vedanIya aura nokaSAya-vedanIya ke bheda se cAritra mohanIya ke bhI do bheda hai| kaSAya vedanIya mukhya rUpa se cAra prakAra kA hai-1 krodha.2 mAna,3 mAyA aura 4 lobha / krodhAdi cAro kaSAya tIvratA va madatA kI dRSTi se cAra cAra prakAra kI hotI hai-anatAnabadhI, apratyAkhyAna, pratyAkhyAna tathA sjvln| isa prakAra kaSAya vedanIya ke kula solaha bheda ho jAte hai, jinake udaya se krodhAdika bhAva hote hai| (a) anatAnubadhI anatAnubadhI ke prabhAva se jIva ko anatakAla taka bhava-bhramaNa karanA par3atA hai| isake udaya meM samyaktva aura cAritra dono hI nahI ho paate| (ba) apratyAkhyAna 'pratyAkhyAna' kA artha hotA hai 'tyaag'| jisa kaSAya ke udaya se ISata tyAga arthAta deza sayama bhI grahaNa kiyA jA sake,vaha apratyAkhyAna kaSAya hai| (sa) pratyAkhyAna jisa kaSAya ke udaya se sakala sayama ko grahaNa na kiyA jA sake vaha 'pratyAkhyAna' kaSAya hai| (da) sajvalana jisa kaSAya ke udaya se sakala-sayama to ho jAe, kitu Atma 1 je si koSa 4/371 2 pApa kriyA nivRttizcAritra / ta moheIAvaredi tri cAritramohaNIya // dha pu 6/40 3 Sa kha 6/1/9/1, sUtra 22, pR 40 4 vhii| 5 sammatta desa sayala cArita jaha ghAda karaNa prinnaamo| ghAdati va kasAyA cau sola asakha loga midA // go jI ka 283 6 vhii| 7 vhii|

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karma aura usake bheda-prabheda / 125 svarUpa meM sthiratA rUpa yathAkhyAta cAritra na ho, use 'saMjvalana' kaSAya kahate haiN| krodha catuSka : ukta anaMtAnubaMdhI Adi kaSAyoM kI zakti meM taratamatA hai| inheM jainAcAryoM ne vibhinna udAharaNoM se spaSTa kiyA hai| anaMtAnubaMdhI krodha ko parvata kI gaharI darAra kI taraha kahA gayA hai, jo eka bAra phaTane ke bAda punaH nahIM miltii| usI prakAra anaMtAnubaMdhI kaSAya kA saMbaMdha bhava-bhavoM taka nahIM chutttaa| 'apratyAkhyAna' ke krodha ko bhUmi kI darAra kI taraha kahA gayA hai / jaise garmI ke dinoM meM sUkhe tAlAba Adi meM miTTI ke phaTa jAne se darAra par3a jAtI haiM, kiMtu varSA hote hI vaha darAra miTa jAtI haiM, usI prakAra pratyAkhyAna kaSAya guruoM ke upadezAmRta kI varSA se dhIre-dhIre zAMta ho jAtI hai / yaha adhika se adhika paMdraha dina taka apanA prabhAva dikhAtI hai| saMjvalana krodha ko 'jala kI lakIra' kI taraha kahA gayA hai| jaise jala kI lakIra khIMcate hI miTa jAtI hai. vaise hI yaha kaSAya utpanna hote hI zAMta ho jAtI hai / isakA vAsanAkAla aMtarmuhUrta kahA gayA hai| mAna catuSka : isI prakAra anaMtAnubaMdhI Adi cAroM prakAra ke mAna ko kramazaH zaila, asthi, kASTha tathA bela (latA) kI upamA dI gayI hai| jaise zailAdikoM meM kar3Apana uttaro alpa hotA hai, vaise hI ye cAroM kaSAya uttarottara maMda prabhAva vAle haiN| mAyA catuSka : anaMtAnubaMdhI Adi cAroM prakAra kI mAyA kramazaH bAMsa kI gaThIlI jar3a, bher3a kI sIMga, gomUtra aura khurape ke sadRza kuTila kahI gayI hai| inakA prabhAva bhI uttarottara alpa hai| lobha catuSka : isI taraha cAroM prakAra ke lobha ko kramazaH kiramijI kA dAga, pahiye kA auMgana (akSanala), kIcar3a evaM haldI ke raMga kI taraha kahA gayA hai| anaMtAnubaMdhI kiramijI ke raMga ke sadaza hai joki kisI bhI upAya se nahIM chutttaa| apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa gAr3I ke pahiye meM lagane vAle (ogana) mala kI taraha hai, jisakA dAga kaThinatA se chUTatA hai| pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa lobha kIcar3a yA (dehamala) kAjala kI taraha hai, jo alpa parizrama se chUTa jAtA hai| saMjvalana lobha haldI ke sadRza hai, jo sahaja hI chUTa jAtA hai| ukta cAroM kaSAeM kramazaH naraka,tiryaMca,manuSya evaM deva gati meM utpatti ke kAraNa haiN| uparokta solaha kaSAyoM kI zakti ko nimna tAlikA se spaSTa kara sakate haiMkaSAya kI avasthA krodha mAyA lobha phala anaMtAnubaMdhI zilArekhA zaila bAMsa kI jar3a kiramijI naraka apratyAkhyAna pRthvI rekhA asthi bher3a kA sIMga akSamala tiryaMca pratyAkhyAna dhUlI rekhA kASTha gomUtra kIcar3a manuSya saMjvalana jala rekhA latA/bela kharapA haldI deva nokavAya vedanIya : jinakA udaya kaSAyoM ke sAtha hotA hai yA jo kaSAyoM se prerita hotI haiM, ve nokaSAya haiN| inheM akaSAya bhI kahate haiN| nokaSAya yA akaSAya kA tAtparya mAna 1. vhii| 2. pa sa prA. gA. 1/111 se 114 3. kaSAya saha vartitvavAda kavAya preraNAdapi / hAsyAdi nava kavAyasyoktA nokaSAya kavAyatA

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126 / jaina dharma aura darzana kaSAyoM kA abhAva nahIM, apitu ISat kaSAya hai| inake nau bheda hai-hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, strIveda, puruSaveda tathA napuMsakaveda / inakA artha inake nAmoM se hI spaSTa hai| isa prakAra darzana mohanIya ke tIna tathA kaSAya vedanIya ke solaha aura nokaSAya vedanIya ke nau, isa prakAra mohanIya karma ke kula aTThAIsa bheda ho jAte haiN| mohanIya karma ke baMdha kA kAraNa : satyamArga kI avahelanA karane se aura asatya mArga kA poSaNa karane se AcArya, upAdhyAya, guru, sAdhu saMgha Adi satya-poSaka AdarzoM kA tiraskAra karane se darzana-mohanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa jIva ke saMsAra kA aMta nahIM hotaa| svayaM pApa karane se tathA dUsaroM ko karAne se, tapasviyoM kI nidA karane se, dhArmika kAryoM meM vighna upasthita karane se, madya-mAMsAdi kA sevana karane aura karAne se, nidoSa vyaktiyoM meM dUSaNa lagAne se cAritra mohanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| Ayu karma jIva kI kisI vivakSita zarIra meM Tike rahane kI avadhi kA nAma Ayu hai| isa Ayu kA nimittabhUta karma 'Ayu' karma kahalAtA hai| jIvoM ke jIvana kI avadhi kA niyAmaka Ayu hai| isa karma ke astitva se prANI jIvita rahatA hai aura kSaya hone para mRtyu ke mukha meM jAtA hai| mRtyu kA koI devatA yA usa jaisI koI anya zakti nahI hai| apitu Ayu karma ke sadbhAva aura kSaya para hI janma aura mRtyu avalaMbita hai| isa karma kI tulanA kArAgAra se kI gayI hai| jaise nyAyAdhIza aparAdhI ko aparAdha ke anusAra niyata samaya ke lie kaida meM DAla detA hai| aparAdhI kI icchA hone para bhI vaha apanI avadhi ko pUrNa kiye binA mukta nahIM ho sakatA vaise hI Ayu karma ke kAraNa jIva deha-mukta nahIM ho sktaa| Ayu karma kA kArya sukha-duHkha denA nahIM hai, kitu nizcita samaya taka kisI eka bhava meM roke rahanA hai| Ayu do prakAra kI hotI hai-apavartanIya aura anpvrtniiy|' kAraNa prApta hone para jisa Ayu kI kAla maryAdA meM kamI ho sake, use apavartanIya Ayu kahate haiM, tathA bar3e-bar3e kAraNa Ane para bhI nirdhArita Ayu kI kAla maryAdA eka kSaNa ko bhI kama na ho, use anapavartanIya Ayu kahate haiN| apavartanIya Ayu 1 tavA 6/14/13 2 jaina si. ko 1251 3 yada bhAvAbhAvayo jIvita maraNa tadAyuH/ta vA 8/102, pR 469 4 jIvassa avaTThANa karedi halibbaThAra-karma kADa-11 5 dukkha Na dei Au Navi suha dei causuvi gaI su| dukkha suhANAhAra dhareI dehaTThiya jIva / / ThANAga 2/4/105 TIkA 6 pa pu 10/233-34

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karma aura usake bheda-prabheda / 127 viSa, vedanA, rakta kSaya, zastraghAta, parvatArohaNa Adi nimittoM ke milane se apanI avadhi se pUrva hI samApta ho sakatI hai| ise hI 'akAlamaraNa' yA 'kadalIghAta' maraNa kahate haiN| jaise yadi kisI kI 100 varSa kI Ayu hai to yaha anivArya nahIM ki vaha 100 varSa taka hI jie| vaha 100 varSa kI avadhi meM kabhI bhI maraNa prApta kara sakatA hai| isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki vaha apanI zeSa Ayu ko agalI yoni yA paryAya meM jAkara bhogatA hai, apitu mRtyu ke kSaNa meM hI vaha apanI zeSAyu ko bhoga letA hai| jaina darzana ke niyamAnusAra Ayu ke kSaya hone para hI maraNa hotA hai| jaba taka Ayu karma kA eka bhI paramANu zeSa rahatA hai, taba taka maraNa nahIM ho sktaa| isa dRSTi se eka Ayu ko dUsarI yoni meM jAkara bhoganA mAtra kalpanA kI ur3Ana hai| ise aise smjheN| yadi kisI peTromeksa meM tela bharA ho, to vaha apane krama se jalane para chaha ghaMTe jalatA hai| yadi usakA barnara lIka karane lage, to vaha pUrA tela jaldI hI jala jAtA hai tathA TaiMka ke phaTa jAne para to sArA tela usI kSaNa jala jAtA hai| isI prakAra Ayu karma bhI tela kI taraha hai| jaba taka koI pratikUla nimitta nahIM Ate, taba taka vaha apane krama se udaya meM AtA hai tathA pratikUla nimittoM ke juTane para vaha apane krama kA ullaMghana bhI kara detA hai| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki vaha eka aMtarmuhUrta meM hI apanI karor3oM varSa kI Ayu ko bhoga kara samApta kara ddaale| deva,nArakI, bhoga-bhUmi ke jIva,carama dehadhArI,tIrthakara, anapavartanIya Ayu vAle hote haiN| inakI Ayu kA ghAta samaya-pUrva nahIM hotaa| isIlie inakA akAla maraNa bhI nahIM hotaa| zeSa jIvoM meM donoM prakAra kI saMbhAvanA hai| yahAM yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki jaina darzana ke niyamAnusAra Ayu karma ghaTa to sakatA hai, kiMtu pUrva meM bAMdhI huI Ayu meM eka kSaNa kI bhI vRddhi nahIM ho sktii| Ayu karma ke baMdha saMbaMdhI vizeSa niyama ATha mUla karmoM meM Ayu karma kA baMdha sadA nahIM hotaa| isake baMdha kA vizeSa niyama hai| apane jIvana kI do-tihAI Ayu vyatIta hone para hI Ayu karma baMdhatA hai, vaha bhI aMtarmuhUrta taka / ise apakarSakAla kahate haiN| eka manuSya/tiryaMca ke jIvana meM aise ATha avasara Ate haiM jinameM vaha Ayu bAMdhane ke yogya hotA hai| isake madhya vaha Ayu kA baMdha kara hI letA hai anyathA mRtyu se aMtarmuhUrta pUrva to Ayu kA baMdha ho hI jAtA hai| koI bhI jIva nayI Ayu kA vadha kie binA, nUtana bhava ko prApta nahIM hotaa| Ayu kA baMdha na hone para jIva mukta ho jAtA hai| mAna lIjie kisI vyakti kI 81 varSa kI Ayu ho,to vaha 54 varSa kI avasthA taka Ayu karma ke baMdha ke yogya nahIM hotaa| vaha pahalI bAra Ayu karma kA baMdha 54 varSa kI avasthA meM kara sakatA hai| yadi usa kAla meM na ho, to zeSa 27 meM se do-tihAI (arthAt 18 1. dha pu. 10/233-34 2. dhavala 10/240

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128 / jaina dharma aura darzana varSa bItane para) yAni 72 varSa kI avasthA meM / usa kAla meM bhI na ho to zeSa nau varSa meM se chaha varSa bItane para, arthAt 78 varSa kI avasthA hone para / usameM bhI na ho to zeSa tIna meM se do varSa bItane para, arthAt 80 varSa kI avasthA meN| aura yadi usameM bhI na ho to zeSa eka varSa meM se 8 mAha bItane para arthAt 80 varSa 8 mAha kI avasthA meM / yadi usameM bhI na baMdhe to zeSa cAra mAha meM se 80 dina bIta jAne ke bAda arthAta 80 varSa 10 mAha aura 20 dina kI avasthA meN| yadi usameM bhI na baMdhe,to zeSa 40 dina ke tribhAga, 26 dina 16 ghaMTe bIta jAne ke uparAMta arthAt 80 varSa, 11 mAha,16 dina tathA 16 ghaMTe kI avasthA meM / yadi isameM bhI na baMdhe,to zeSa avadhi meM se 8 dina,21 ghaMTe tathA 20 miniTa bIta jAne para arthAt 80 varSa,11 mAha, 25 dina, 13 ghaMTe, 20 miniTa kI Ayu meM Ayu karma kA baMdha ho jAtA hai yadi usameM bhI na ho pAye to maraNa ke aMtarmuhUrta pUrva to Ayu baMdha kara hI letA hai| Aya baMdha kA yaha niyama manaSya aura tiryacoM ke lie hai| deva nArakI tathA bhoga bhami ke jIva apane jIvana ke 6 mAha zeSa rahane para Ayu baMdha ke yogya hote haiN| isa chaha mAha meM unake bhI ATha apakarSa hote haiN|' Ayu baMdha ke kAraNa hiMsA Adi kAryoM meM niraMtara pravRtti, dUsare ke dhana kA haraNa, iMdriya viSayoM meM atyaMta Asakti tathA maraNa ke samaya kara pariNAmoM meM 'narakAya' kA baMdha hotA hai| dharmopadeza meM mithyA bAtoM, ko milAkara usakA pracAra karanA, zIla rahita jIvana bitAnA, ati saMdhAna priyatA arthAt vizvAsaghAta. vaMcanA aura chala-kapaTa karanA Adi 'tiryaca' Ayu ke baMdha ke kAraNa haiN| svabhAva se vinamra honA, bhadra prakRti kA honA, sarala vyavahAra karanA, alpakaSAya kA honA, tathA maraNa ke samaya saMkleza rUpa pariNati kA nahIM honA Adi 'manuSyAyu' ke baMdha ke kAraNa haiN| ___ sayama, tapa dhAraNa karane se, vratAcaraNa se, maMda kaSAya karane se, zreSTha dharma ko sunane se, dAna dene se, dharmAyatanoM kI sevA tathA rakSA karane se tathA samyak dRSTi hone se 'devAyu' kA baMdha hotA hai| nAma-karma 'nAnA minotIti nAmaH' jo jIva ke citra-vicitra rUpa banAtA hai vaha 'nAma-karma' hai| isakI tulanA citrakAra se kI hai| jisa prakAra citrakAra apanI talikA aura vividha raMgoM 1 pu 10234 2 sarvA si6/15/333 3 vahI, 6/16/339 4 sarvA si.6/17/334 5 tasA 42-43 6 (a)dhapu6/13 (ba)dha pu 13/209 7 citrakAra puruSa vatnAnA rUpa caraNatA / vadra sa TI gA 33

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karma aura usake bheda-prabheda / 129 ke yoga se suMdara-asuMdara Adi aneka citroM ko nirmita karatA hai, usI taraha nAma karma rUpI citerA, jIva ke bhale-bure, suMdara-asuMdara, laMbe-nATe, moTe-patale, choTe-bar3e, suDaula-beDaula Adi zarIroM kA nirmANa karatA hai| jIva kI vividha AkRtiyoM evaM zarIroM kA nirmANa isI nAma-karma kI kRti hai| vizva kI vicitratA meM nAma-karma rUpa citere kI kalA abhivyakta hotI hai| isa nAma-karma ke mukhya bayAlIsa bheda haiM, tathA isake upabheda kula terAnaveM ho jAte haiM 1. gati : jisa karma ke udaya se jIva eka yoni se agalI yoni meM jAtA hai, vaha 'gati' nAma-karma hai / gatiyAM cAra haiM-manuSya, deva, naraka evaM tiryaca / 2. jAti : jisa nAma-karma ke udaya se sadRzatA ke kAraNa jIvoM kA bodha ho,use jAti nAma-karma kahate haiN| jAtiyAM pAMca haiM--ekendriya, do iMdriya, tIna iMdriya, cAra iMdriya tathA pAMca iNdriy| 3. zarIra : zarIra kI racanA karane vAle karma ko zarIra nAma-karma kahate haiN| isake pAMca bheda haiM-audArika, vaikriyika, AhAraka, taijasa aura kArmANa shriir|| 4. AMgopAMga : jisa karma ke udaya se zarIra ke aMga aura upAMgoM kI racanA hotI hai, arthAt zarIra ke avayavoM aura pratyavayavoM kI racanA karane vAlA karma 'AMgopAMga' nAma-karma hai| isake tIna bheda haiM-audArika, vaikriyika va AhAraka / tInoM apane-apane zarIra ke anurUpa AMgopAMgoM kI racanA karate haiN| taijasa aura kArmANa zarIra sUkSma hone ke kAraNa AMgopAMga rahita hote haiN| 5. nirmANa : zarIra ke AMgopAMgoM kI samucita rUpa se racanA karane vAlA 'nirmANa' nAma-karma hai| 6. zarIra baMdhana : zarIra kA nirmANa karane vAle pudagaloM ko paraspara bAMdhane vAle karma-baMdhana-nAma-karma haiN| pUrvokta zarIra ke anusAra yaha pAca prakAra kA hai| 7. zarIra saMghAta : nirmita zarIra ke paramANuoM ko paraspara chidrahita banAkara ekIkRta karane vAle karma ko zarIra-saMghAta nAma-karma kahate haiN| isake abhAva meM zarIra tila ke laDDU kI taraha apuSTa rahatA hai| yaha bhI zarIroM kI taraha pAca prakAra kA hotA hai| 8. saMsthAna : zarIra ko vividha AkRtiyA pradAna karane vAlA karma 'saMsthAna' nAma-karma hai| isake chaha bheda haiM (1) samacaturastra saMsthAna : sAmudrika zAstra ke anusAra jIva ke suMdara, suDaula aura samAnupAtika zarIra banAne vAle karma ko 'samacaturastra-sasthAna nAma-karma' kahate haiN| (2) nyogrodha parimaMDala : 'nyoyodha' arthAt 'vaTa ke vRkSa' kI taraha, nAbhi se Upara kI ora moTe aura nIce kI ora patale zarIra kA AkAra banAne vAle karma ko 'nyogrodha' parimaMDala saMsthAna nAma-karma kahate haiN| (3) svAti : sarpa kI vAmI kI taraha nAbhi ke Upara patale tathA nIce kI ora moTe 1. dha pu. 1/363 2. dha pU6/53 3 sarvA, si pR.304

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130 / jaina dharma aura darzana AkAra vAlA zarIra banAne vAlA karma svAti saMsthAna nAma-karma hai| (4) kubjaka : kubar3A zarIra banAne vAle karma ko 'kubjaka saMsthAna nAma-karma' kahate (5) vAmana : baunA zarIra banAne vAlA karma 'vAmana-saMsthAna nAma-karma' hai| (6) huMDaka : anirdiSTa AkAra ko huMDaka kahate haiM / aise anirdiSTa AkAra kA vicitra zarIra banAne vAle karma ko 'huMDaka saMsthAna nAma-karma' kahate haiN| 9. saMhanana : asthi baMdhanoM meM viziSTatA ko utpanna karane vAle karma ko 'saMhanana nAma karma' kahate haiN| veSTana, tvacA, asthi aura kIloM ke baMdhana kI apekSA isake chaha bheda hai-1. vajra vRSabha nArAca, 2. vajra-nArAca-saMhanana, 3. nArAca saMhanana, 4. arddha nArAca saMhanana, 5. kIlaka saMhanana,6. asaMprAptAsRpATikA saMhanana / ' 10. varNa : zarIra ko varNa (raMga) pradAna karane vAle karma ko 'varNa nAma-karma' kahate haiN| yaha kRSNa,nIla,rakta, pIta evaM zveta rUpa pAMca prakAra ke hote haiN| ___11. gaMdha : zarIra ko sugaMdha evaM durgadha pradAna karane vAle karma ko 'gaMdha nAma-karma' kahate haiN| _12. rasa : tikta, kaTu, Amla, madhura aura kasailA rasa arthAt svAda utpanna karane vAle karma ko 'rasa nAma-karma' kahate haiN| 13. sparza : halkA, bhArI, kaThora, mRdu, zIta, uSNa tathA snigdha, rukSa Adi sparza ke bhedoM se zarIra ko pratiniyata sparza utpanna karAnevAlA karma 'sparza nAma-karma' kahalAtA hai| ___14. AnupUrvya : deha-tyAga ke bAda nUtana zarIra dhAraNa karane ke lie hone vAlI gati ko 'vigraha gati' kahate haiN| vigraha gati meM pUrva zarIra kA AkAra banAne vAle karma ko 'AnupUrvya nAma-karma' kahate haiN| gatiyoM ke AdhAra para yaha cAra prakAra kA ___15. agurulaghu : jo karma zarIra ko na to lauha piNDa kI taraha bhArI, na hI ruI kI piNDa kI taraha halkA hone de, vaha 'agurulaghu nAma-karma' hai| isa karma se zarIra kA Ayatana banA rahatA hai / isake abhAva meM jIva svecchA se uTha-baiTha bhI nahIM sktaa| 16. upaghAta : isa karma ke udaya se jIva vikRta bane hue apane hI avayavoM se kaSTa pAtA hai / jaise pratijihvA aura coradanta Adi / 17. paraghAta : dUsaroM ko ghAta karane ke yogya tIkSNa nakha, sIMga, dAr3ha Adi avayavoM ko utpanna karane vAle karma ko 'paraghAta nAma-karma' kahate haiN|' 18. ucchavAsa : isa karma kI sahAyatA se zvAsocchavAsa calatA hai yA grahaNa hotA hai| 19. Atapa : jisa karma ke udaya se anuSNa zarIra meM uSNa prakAza nikalatA hai| yaha karma sUrya aura sUryakAnta maNiyoM meM rahane vAle ekendriyoM ko hotA hai| unakA zarIra zItala hotA hai tathA tApa ussnn| 1 dha pu 6/1 sUtra 37 go sA karma kA gA 35. sarvA si 390 2 dha pU6/1 pR 11, pR59 3 dha pU6/59

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karma aura usake bheda-prabheda / 131 20. udyota : caMdrakAMta maNi aura juganU Adi kI taraha zarIra meM zItala prakAza utpanna karane vAlA karma 'udyota nAma-karma' hai| ___21. vihAyogati : isa karma ke udaya se jIva kI acchI yA burI cAla hotI hai| yaha prazasta aura aprazasta ke bheda se do prakAra kI hai| hAthI, haMsa Adi ko prazasta cAla ko prazasta vihAyogati tathA UMTa, gadhA Adi kI aprazasta cAla ko 'aprazasta vihAyogati' kahate haiN| yahAM gati kA artha 'gamana' yA 'cAla' hai| 22. pratyeka : jisa karma ke udaya se eka zarIra kA eka hI jIva svAmI ho, vaha 'pratyeka zarIra nAma-karma' hai| arthAt jisa karma ke udaya se bhinna-bhinna zarIra prApta hotA hai, vaha 'pratyeka zarIra nAma-karma' hai| 23. sAdhAraNa : jisa karma ke udaya se ananta jIvoM ko eka hI zarIra prApta ho vaha 'sAdhAraNa nAma-karma hai| 24. sa : jisa karma ke udaya se dviindriyAdi jIvoM meM utpanna hoM use 'vasa nAma-karma' kahate haiN| 25. sthAvara : pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu aura vanaspati Adi ekendriyoM meM utpanna karAne vAlA karma 'sthAvara nAma-karma' hai| 26. bAdara : sthUla zarIra utpanna karAne vAlA karma 'bAdara nAma-karma ' hai| 27. sUkSma : sUkSma arthAt dUsaroM ko bAdhita eva dUsaroM se bAdhita na hone vAle zarIra ko utpanna karane vAlA karma 'sUkSma nAma-karma' hai| isa karma kA udayamAtraekendriya jIvoM ke hotA hai| 28. paryApti : jisa karma ke udaya se jIva sva-yogya ahArAdika paryAptiyoM ko pUrNa kara sake vaha 'paryApti nAma-karma haiN| 29. aparyApti : jisa karma ke udaya se jIva sva-yogya paryAptiyoM ko pUrNa na kara sake, use 'aparyApti nAma-karma' kahate haiN| 30. sthira : zarIra ke asthi,mAMsa, majjA Adi dhAtu, upadhAtuoM ko yathAsthAna sthira rakhane vAle karma ko 'sthira nAma-karma' kahate haiN| 31. asthira : zarIra ke dhAtu tathA upadhAtuoM ko asthira rakhane vAlA karma 'asthira nAma-karma' hai| 32. zubha : zarIra ke avayavoM ko sundara banAne vAlA karma 'zubha nAma-karma' hai| 33. azubha : 'azubha nAma-karma' asundara zarIra prApta karAtA hai| 34. subhaga : saubhAgya ko utpanna karane vAlA karma 'subhaga nAma karma' hai| athavA jisa karma ke udaya se sabako prIti karAne vAlA zarIra prApta hotA hai| use 'subhaga nAma-karma' kahate 35. durbhaga : guNa yukta hone para bhI durbhaga nAma-karma anya prANiyoM meM aprIti utpanna karAne vAlA zarIra pradAna karatA hai| 36. susvara : karNa priya svara utpanna karAne vAlA karma 'susvara nAma-karma' hai| 37. duHsvara : 'duHsvara nAma karma' ke udaya se karNa-kaTu, karkaza svara hotA hai|

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132 / jaina dharma aura darzana 38. Adeya : isa karma ke udaya se jIva bahumAnya evaM AdaraNIya hotA hai|' prabhAyukta zarIra bhI Adeya' nAma-karma kI dena hai| 39.anAdeya : 'anAdeya' karma ke udaya se acchA kArya karane para bhI gaurava prApta nahIM hotaa| yaha nimama zarIra kA kAraNa bhI hai|' 40. yazakIrti : jisa karma ke udaya se loka meM yaza, kIrti,khyAti aura pratiSThA milatI hai vaha 'yazakIrti nAma-karma' hai| 41. ayazakIrti : isa karma ke udaya se apayaza aura apratiSThA milatI hai| 42. tIrthakara : 'tIrthakara'nAma-karma triloka pUjya evaM dharma-tIrtha kA pravartaka banAtA hai| isa prakAra nAma karma ke mUla bayAlIsa bheda tathA uttara bhedoM ko milane para kula 93 (terAnaveM) bheda ho jAte haiN| inameM kucha zubha aura kucha azubha hote haiN|' nAma-karma ke baMdha kA kAraNa mana-vacana-kAya kI kuTilatA arthAt socanA kucha, bolanA kucha aura karanA kucha, isI prakAra anyoM se kuTila pravRtti karAnA, mithyA darzana, cugalakhorI, citta kI asthiratA, paravaMcana kI pravRtti,jhUThe mApa-taula Adi rakhane se azubha nAma-karma kA baMdha hotA hai| isake viparIta mana-vacana-kAya kI saralatA, cugalakhorI kA tyAga,samyak darzana, citta kI sthiratA, Adi zubha nAma-karma ke baMdha kA kAraNa hotA hai| tIrthakara prakRti nAma-karma kI zubhatama prakRti hai, isakA baMdha bhI zubhatama pariNAmoM se hotA hai| tIrthakara prakRti ke baMdha ke solaha kAraNa batAe gae haiN| samyaka darzana kI vizuddhi, vinaya-sampannatA, zIla aura vratoM kA nirdoSa paripAlana, niraMtara jJAna sAdhanA, mokSa kI ora pravRtti (saMsAra se satat bhIti), zakti anusAra tapa aura tyAga, bhale prakAra kI samAdhi, sAdhujanoM kI sevA/satkAra,pUjya AcArya,bahuzruta va zAstra ke prati bhakti, Avazyaka dharma kAryoM kA niraMtara pAlana, dhArmika protsAhana va dharmIjanoM ke prati vAtsalya yaha saba tIrthakara prakati ke baMdha kA kAraNa hai| gotra-karma loka-vyavahAra saMbaMdhI AcaraNa ko gotra mAnA gayA hai| jisa kula meM loka mUrti AcaraNa ko paramparA hai, use ucca 'gotra' kahate haiM tathA jisameM lokanindita AcaraNa kI paramparA hai, use 1 dha pU.665 2 sarvA si 8/11/306 3 vahI 4 vahI 5 vahI 6dhupu 6/67 7. vizeSa ke liye dekheM tasa.8/25-26 8. tasU6/22 9. vahI6/23 10. tasU6/29

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karma aura usake bheda-prabheda / 133 nIca gotra nAma diyA gayA hai| ina kuloM meM janma dilAne vAlA karma 'gotra-karma' kahalAtA isa karma kI tulanA kumhAra se kI gayI hai| jaise kumhAra aneka prakAra ke ghar3oM kA nirmANa karatA hai| unameM se kitane hI aise hote haiM, jinheM loga kalaza banAkara caMdana, akSata Adi maMgala dravyoM se alaMkRta karate haiM aura kitane hI aise hote haiM jinameM madirA Adi nindha padArtha rakhe jAte haiM, isalie nimna mAne jAte haiN| isI prakAra gotra karma ke udaya se jIva kulIna/pUjya/apUjya/akulIna gharoM meM utpanna hotA hai| gotra karma do prakAra kA hotA hai-1. ucca gotra tathA 2. nIca gotr| gotra-karma ke baMdha kA kAraNa paraniMdA, Atma-prazaMsA, dUsare ke sadbhUta guNoM kA AcchAdana tathA apane asadbhUta guNoM ko prakaTa karanA yaha saba nIca gotra ke baMdha ke kAraNa haiN| isake viparIta sva kI niMdA,para kI prazaMsA, apane guNoM kA AcchAdana, para ke guNoM kA udbhAvana, guNAdhikoM ke prati vinamratA tathA jJAnAdi guNoM meM zreSTha rahate hue bhI, usakA abhimAna na karanA,ye saba ucca gotra ke baMdha kA kAraNa hai| antarAya-karma jo karma vighna DAlatA hai, use aMtarAya-karma kahate haiN| isa karma ke kAraNa Atmazakti meM avarodha utpanna hotA hai| anukUla sAdhanoM aura AMtarika icchA ke hone para bhI jIva isa karma ke kAraNa apanI manobhAvanA ko pUrNa nahIM kara paataa| isa karma ko bhaNDArI se upamita kiyA hai| jisa prakAra kisI dIna-duHkhI ko dekhakara dayA se dravIbhUta rAjA bhaNDArI ko dAna dene kA Adeza karatA hai, phira bhI bhaNDArI bIca meM avarodhaka bana jAtA hai| vaise hI yaha aMtarAya-karma jIva ko dAna-lAbhAdika kAryoM meM avarodha utpanna karatA hai| isake pAMca bheda haiM 1. jisa karma ke udaya se dAna dene kI anukUla sAmagrI aura pAtra kI upasthiti meM bhI dAna dene kI bhAvanA na ho, vaha 'dAnAMtarAya karma' hai| 2. jisa karma ke udaya se buddhipUrvaka zrama karane para bhI lAbha hone meM bAdhA ho vaha 'lAbhAMtarAya karma' hai| 3. jisake udaya se prApta bhogya vastu kA bhI bhoga na kiyA jA sake, vaha 'bhogAMtarAya karma' hai| 1. savANakarmeNAgaya jIvAyaraNassa godamidisaNNA / karma kANDa-11-13 2. baha kubhAro pahAi kuNai pujjeyarAi loyassa / iya goya kuNaH piya loe pujjeyarAnatva // aNAga 2/4ns TI. 3. urcanIcaizca-tasU.8/12 4. sarvA si626/340 5. bhANDAgArikavad dAnAdi vina krnntaa| vR.i.sa.TI gA33

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134/ jaina dharma aura darzana ___4. jisake udaya se prApta upabhogya vastu kA upabhoga na kiyA jA sake, vaha 'upabhogAMtarAya karma' hai| 5. jisake udaya se sAmarthya hote hue bhI kAryoM ke prati utsAha na ho, use 'vIrAya karma' kahate haiN| aMtarAya karma ke baMdha ke kAraNa : dAnAdi meM bAdhA upasthita karane se, jina pUjA kA niSedha karane se.pApoM meM rata rahane se.mokSa-mArga meM doSa batAkara vighna DAlane se aMtarAya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| pApa jaina AcAryoM ne pApa kI yaha paribhASA dI hai ki vaiyaktika saMdarbha meM jo AtmA ko baMdhana meM DAle jisake kAraNa AtmA kA patana ho, jo AtmA ke AnaMda kA zoSaNa kare aura AtmazaktiyoM kA kSaya kare vaha pApa hai (pApAya prpiidd'n)| vastutaH jisa vicAra evaM AcAra se apanA aura para kA ahita ho aura jisase aniSTa phala kI prApti ho vaha pApa hai| naitika jIvana kI dRSTi se ve sabhI karma jo svArtha,ghRNA yA ajJAna ke kAraNa dUsare kA ahita karane kI dRSTi se kie jAte haiM. pApa karma haiN| itanA hI nahIM. sabhI prakAra ke darvicAra aura durbhAvanAeM bhI pApa karma haiN| 1. (ota sU67 (go. karma kA810

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karmoM kI vividha avasthAeM badha sattA udaya utkarSaNa apakarSaNa udIraNA sakramaNa upazama nidhatti nikAcita karmoM kI sthiti anubhAga karmoM ke pradeza

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karmoM kI vividha avasthAeM pichale adhyAya meM yaha darzAyA gayA hai ki kisa prakAra ke karmoM se baMdhA jIva saMsAra meM paryaTana karatA hai| kiMtu yaha jarUrI nahIM hai ki vaha unheM jisa rUpa meM bAMdhe usI rUpa meM bhoge| jIva ke zubhAzubha bhAvoM ke anusAra karmoM meM, bahuta kucha parivartana saMbhava hai| jIva ke zubhAzubha bhAvoM kI apekSA utpanna hone vAlI karmoM kI vividha avasthAoM ko 'karaNa' kahate haiN| karaNa dasa hote haiM (1) baMdha karma paramANuoM kA AtmA ke sAtha baMdhanA arthAt dUdha aura pAnI kI taraha ekameka ho jAnA baMdha haiN| baMdha ke bAda hI anya avasthAeM prAraMbha hotI haiN| yaha cAra prakAra kA hotA hai- 1. prakRti, 2. pradeza, 3. sthiti, 4. anubhaag| isakI carcA pUrva meM kI jA cukI (2) sattA karma,baMdhane ke tatkAla bAda apanA phala nahIM dete / baMdhana ke dUsare samaya se lekara phala dene ke pahale samaya taka karma AtmA meM apanA astitva banAe rakhate haiN| karmoM kI isa avasthA ko 'sattA' kahate haiN| jaise-zarAba pIte hI vaha turaMta apanA asara nahIM detI, kiMtu kucha kSaNa bAda hI usakA prabhAva dikhatA hai, vaise hI karma bhI baMdhane ke bAda kucha samaya taka sattA meM rahatA hai| isa kAla ko jaina karma-zAstra meM 'abAdhA kAla' kahate haiN| sAdhAraNatayA karma kA abAdhA kAla usakI sthiti ke anusAra hotA hai| jaise-jo zarAba jitanI adhika dinoM taka sar3Akara banatI hai, vaha utanI hI adhika nazIlI hotI hai, usI prakAra jo karma jitane adhika samaya taka ThaharatA hai usakI abAdhA bhI utanI hI adhika hotI hai| pratyeka karmoM kI apanI-apanI sthiti ke anurUpa abAdhA hotI hai| jaina karma-siddhAMta meM isakA vistRta varNana milatA hai| 1. go. karma kA 437 2. ekIbhAvo bandhaH 3. paMca saMgraha 3/3

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138 / jaina dharma aura darzana (3) udaya koM ke phala dene ko 'udaya' kahate haiN| udaya meM Ane vAle karma-pudgala apanI-apanI prakati ke anasAra phala dekara naSTa ho jAte haiN| karma-padagala kA nAza yA kSaya 'nirjarA' kahalAtA hai| karmoM kA udaya dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAvAdi kI apekSA se hI hotA hai| udaya krama se paripAka kAla ko prApta hone vAlA 'savipAka' udaya kahalAtA hai| vipAka-kAla se pahale hI tapAdi viziSTa kriyAoM dvArA karmoM ko phalonmukha dazA meM le AnA 'avipAka'-udaya kahalAtA hai| svamukhodaya aura paramukhodaya kI apekSA, isake do bheda kie gae haiM, karma kabhI-kabhI apane hI rUpa meM phala dete haiM tathA kabhI-kabhI anya prakati rUpa bhI phala dete haiN| jo prakRti apane hI rUpa meM udaya meM AtI hai, use 'svamukhodaya' tathA anya prakRti rUpa se udaya meM Ane ko 'paramukhodaya' kahate haiN| jaise krodha kA krodha rUpa se udaya meM AnA svamukhodaya hai, tathA usakA mAnAdika meM pariNata ho jAnA 'paramukhodaya' hai| (4) utkarSaNa karmoM kI sthiti va anubhAga ke bar3hane ko 'utkarSaNa' kahate haiN|' (5) apakarSaNa karma kI sthiti va anubhAga ke ghaTane ko 'apakarSaNa' kahate haiN|' karma-baMdhana ke bAda badhe-karmoM meM ye donoM hI kriyAe hotI haiN| azubha karmoM kA baMdha karane vAlA jIva, yadi zubha bhAva karatA hai to pUrva-baddha karmoM kI sthiti aura anubhAga arthAta phaladAna zakti. usake prabhAva se kama ho jAtI hai. aura yadi azabha karma kA baMdha karane ke bAda aura bhI adhika kaluSita ho jAtA hai, to bure bhAvoM ke prabhAva se, unakI sthiti tathA anubhAga meM bhI vRddhi ho jAtI hai| isa utkarSaNa aura apakarSaNa ke kAraNa, koI karma zIghra phala dete haiM tathA kucha karma vilaMba se| kisI karma kA phala tIvra hotA hai tathA kisI kA mNd| utkarSaNa aura apakarSaNa kI vicAradhArA yaha siddha karatI hai ki karma kA phala sarvathA niyata nahIM hai| jIva ke zubhAzubha pariNAmanusAra usameM parivartana saMbhava 1 udayo vipAkA savo si. 6/14 2 tatazcanirjarAta sU8/22 3 sarvA si 8/23 4 vahI 8/21 5 je si ko 1/366 6 sthiti anubhagayo vRddhi utkarSagam go NI gA 7 sthiti anubhAgayo hAni apakarSaNam

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(6) udIraNA niyata samaya ke pUrva karmoM kA udaya meM AnA 'udIraNA' kahalAtA hai| jaise, AmAdi phala prayatna - vizeSa se samaya se pUrva hI pakA liye jAte haiN| vaise ho, vizeSa sAdhana ke bala para, karmoM ke apakarSaNa dvArA, sthiti kama karake niyata samaya se pUrva hI bhogakara kSaya kiyA jA sakatA hai / 2 sAmAnyataH yaha niyama hai ki jisa karma kA udaya hotA hai, usI ke sajAtIya karma kI udIraNA hotI hai / 3 karmoM kI vividha avasthAeM / 139 (7) saMkramaNa 'saMkramaNa' kA artha hotA hai - 'parivartana' / ' eka karma kI sthiti Adi kA dUsare sajAtIya karma meM parivartana ho jAne ko 'saMkramaNa' kahate haiM / yaha sakramaNa kisI bhI eka mUla prakRti kI uttara-prakRtiyoM meM hI hotA hai| mUla prakRtiyoM meM paraspara saMkramaNa nahIM hotA, arthAt jJAnAvaraNa badalakara darzanAvaraNa nahIM ho sktaa| isI prakAra anya karma bhI apane mUla rUpa se parivartita nahIM hote / karmoM kA apane sajAtIya prakRtiyoM meM hI saMkramaNa hotA hai, vijAtIya meM nahIM / isa niyama ke apavAda meM AcAryoM ne batAyA hai ki cAroM Ayu tathA darzana mohanIya aura caritra - mohanIya paraspara saMkramaNa ko prApta nahIM hote / prakRti, pradeza, sthiti aura anubhAga ke bheda se yaha saMkramaNa cAra prakAra kA hotA hai / (8) upazama karmoM ke vidyamAna rahate hue bhI, udaya meM Ane se roka denA, 'upazama' kahalAtA hai| karmoM kI isa avasthA meM udaya aura udIraNA saMbhava nahIM hotii| isa avasthA meM apakarSaNa, utkarSaNa aura saMkramaNa kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| jisa prakAra rAkha meM DhakI agni AvRta dazA meM apanA vizeSa kArya nahIM kara sakatI, kiMtu AvaraNa ke haTate hI punaH prajvalita hokara apane kArya karane meM samartha ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra upazamAvasthA ko prApta, karma-pudgala bhI apanA prabhAva nahIM dikhA pAtA / isa avasthA ke samApta hote hI vaha apanA kArya prAraMbha kara detA hai arthAt udaya meM Akara apanA phala pradAna karane lagatA hai| 1 bhujaNakAlo udao udIraNApakvapAcaNa phala / 2 jaya dhavala 10/2 3 udayassa udIraNassaya sAmittAdo Na vijjai viseso / 4 avatyAdo avatthatara sakati sakamoti / 5 para prakRti rUpa pariNamana sakramaNa / 6. NAtthi mUla payaDINa 7. dasaNa caritra mohe Aucaukke Na sakramaNa 8. jaina si. ko 1/464 - paM. saM. prA. 3/3 - paM. saM. prA 44 -jaya dhavala 19/3 -go karmakADa jI. pra. gA. 438 -go karmakADa gA. 410 - go. karmakAMDa gA. 410

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140 / jaina dharma aura darzana (9) nidhatti karma kI vaha avasthA 'nidhatti' kahalAtI hai, jisameM udIraNA aura saMkramaNa kA sarvathA abhAva rahatA hai / isa avasthA meM apakarSaNa-utkarSaNa kI saMbhAvanA banI rahatI hai|' ___(10) nikAcita karma kI usa avasthA kA nAma 'nikAcita' hai, jisameM utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa, saMkramaNa aura udIraNA-ye cAroM avasthAeM asaMbhava hotI haiN| karmoM kI isa avasthA ko 'niyati' kahA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki isa avasthA meM karma kA phala usI rUpa meM avazya bhoganA par3atA hai, jisa rUpa meM baMdha ko prApta huA thaa| isa avasthA meM icchA svAtaMtrya yA puruSArtha kA sarvathA abhAva rahatA hai| kisI vizeSa paristhiti meM hI karmoM kI yaha avasthA hotI hai| karmoM ke ina dasa karaNoM se spaSTa hai ki jaina karma siddhAMta niyativAdI nahIM hai aura sarvathA svacchaMdatAvAdI bhI nahIM hai| jIva ke pratyeka karma ke dvArA kisI na kisI prakAra kI aisI zakti utpanna hotI hai, jo apanA kucha-na-kucha prabhAva dikhAe binA nahIM rahatI aura sAtha hI jIva kA svAtaMtrya bhI kabhI isa prakAra avaruddha va kuMThita nahIM hotA ki vaha apane karmoM kI dazAoM meM kisI bhI prakAra kA sudhAra karane meM sarvathA asamartha ho jaae| isa prakAra jaina siddhAMta meM manuSyoM ke apane karmoM ke phala bhoga tathA puruSArtha dvArA usako badala DAlane kI zakti ina donoM meM bhalI-bhAMti samanvaya sthApita kiyA gayA hai| karmoM kI sthiti jaina karma siddhAMtAnusAra pratyeka karma jIvAtmA ke sAtha eka nizcita avadhi taka baMdhA rahatA hai| taduparAMta vaha per3a meM pake phala kI taraha apanA phala dekara jIva se alaga ho jAtA hai| jaba taka karma apanA phala dene kI sAmarthya rakhate haiM, taba taka kI kAla maryAdA hI unakI 'sthiti' kahalAtI hai| jaina karma graMthoM meM vibhinna karmoM kI pRthaka-pRthaka sthitiyAM (udaya meM Ane yogya kAla batAI gayI haiM / ve nimna prakAra haiMkramAMka karma kA nAma adhikatama samaya nyUnatama samaya jJAnAvaraNI tIsa kor3A-kor3I sAgaropama aMtarmuhUrta darzanAvaraNI tIsa kor3A-kor3I sAgaropama aMtarmuhUrta vedanIya tIsa kor3A-kor3I sAgaropama bAraha muhUrta mohanIya sattara kor3A-kor3I sAgaropama aMtarmuhUrta Ayu taiMtIsa sAgaropama aMtarmuhUrta nAma bIsa kor3A-kor3I sAgaropama ATha muhUrta 1. go. karmakADagA450 2. -bahI3. kammasarUveNa pariNadANa kammaiya poggalakkhadhANa kammabhAvamaddahiya acchANa kAlo didiinnaam| -jaya dhavala 3/192

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karmoM kI vividha avasthAeM / 141 gotra bIsa kor3A-kor3I sAgaropama ATha muhUrta aMtarAya tIsa kor3A-kor3I sAgaropama aMtarmuhUrta sAgaropama Adi upamA kAla haiN| inake svarUpa ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie jaina karmagraMthoM kA avalokana karanA caahie| jisase kAla-viSayaka mAnyatA kA bhI jJAna ho skegaa| anubhAga karmoM ke phaladAna zakti ko anubhAga kahate haiN| pratyeka karmoM kA phaladAna eka-sA nahIM rhtaa| jIva ke zubhAzubha bhAvoM ke anusAra baMdhane vAle pratyeka karmoM kA anubhAga, apane-apane nAma ke anurUpa taratamatA liye rahatA hai / kucha karmoM kA anubhAga atyaMta tIvra hotA hai| kucha kA maMda to kucha kA madhyama / karmoM kA anubhAga kaSAyoM kI tIvratA va maMdatA para nirbhara rahatA hai| kaSAyoM kI tIvratA hone para azubha karmoM kA anubhAga adhika hotA hai, zubha karmoM kA maMda tathA kaSAyoM kI maMdatA hone para zubha karmoM kA anubhAga adhika hotA hai tathA azubha karmoM kA maMda / tAtparya yaha hai ki jo prANI jitanA adhika kaSAyoM kI tIvratA se yukta hogA usake azubha karma utane hI sabala hoMge, tathA zubha karma utane hI nirbala hoNge| jo prANI jitanA adhika kaSAya mukta hogA usake zubha karma utane hI prabala hoMge evaM pApa karma utane hI durbala hoNge| karmoM ke pradeza jIva ke mana, vacana aura kAya rUpa yogoM ke nimitta se jIvoM ke sAtha baMdhane vAle karma paramANa 'karmoM ke pradeza' kahalAte haiN| jIva ke bhAvoM kA Azraya pAkara, eka sAtha baMdhane vAle sabhI karmoM ke pradeza samAna nahIM hote| usakA bhI eka nizcita niyama hai| samasta karma pradeza apane eka nizcita anupAta se vividha karmoM meM vibhakta hokara AtmA ke sAtha baddha ho jAte haiM / ukta kramAnusAra Ayu karma ko sabase kama bhAga (hissA) milatA hai| nAma karma ke pradeza usase kucha adhika hote haiN| gotra karma kI mAtrA nAma-karma ke barAbara hI hai| jJAnAvaraNI, darzanAvaraNI aura aMtarAya ina tIna karmoM ko kacha adhika pradeza milate haiN| tInoM kA yoga paraspara samAna hotA hai| isase bhI adhika bhAga mohanIya karma ko jAtA hai tathA sabase adhika karma pradeza vedanIya karma ko milatA hai| yaha mUla karmoM kA vibhAjana hai / ina pradezoM kA punaH uttara prakRtiyoM meM vibhAjana hotA hai / pratyeka karmoM ke pradezoM meM nyUnatA va adhikatA kA yahI AdhAra hai| 1. ko aNubhAgo kammANaM sagakajjakaraNasattI aNubhAgo nnaam| -ja. pa. 5/l 2. AugabhAgo thovo NAmAgode samo tado ahio| ghAditiyevitatto mohetatto tado tadie / -go. karma. kA. 192

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karma kI phaladAna prakriyA aura Izvara karma svarUpa ke vivecana ke bAda yaha sahaja hI jijJAsA ho jAtI hai ki zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala kisa prakAra milatA hai? kyA karma apanA phala svayaM dete haiM athavA apane phaladAna ke lie kisI acintya zakti kI apekSA rakhate haiM ? uparyukta praznoM kA uttara atyaMta jaTila tathA TArzanika gutthiyoM se ulajhA huA hai, sAtha hI vistRta vivecana kI apekSA rakhatA hai, kiMtu vistAra bhaya se sirpha jaina darzana ke anusAra karma kI phaladAna prakriyA para vicAra karate jaina karma-siddhAMta ke anusAra karma apanA phala dene meM svataMtra haiM, parataMtra nhiiN| isa mAnyatA ke anusAra baMdhe hue karma apanI sthiti pUrNa hone para svayaM udayAvasthA meM Akara apanA phala pradAna karate haiN| karmoM ke phaladAna kA artha 'vipAka' hai| 'vipAka' yAni 'viziSTa pAka' joki bAhya paristhitiyoM evaM AMtarika zaktiyoM kI apekSA rakhakara apanA phala dete haiN| ise dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM ki dravya, kSetra, kAla eva bhAva kI apekSA rakhakara hI karma apanA phala dete haiN|' kamoM kA phala kaSAyoM kI tIvratA evaM maMdatA para nirbhara karatA hai| jisa prakAra bhojana zIghra na pacakara, jaTharAgni kI tIvratA-maMdatA ke anusAra pacatA hai, usI prakAra kaSAyoM kI tIvratA va maMdatA ke anurUpa hI zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala milatA hai| tIvra kaSAyoM ke sAtha baMdhe hue azubha karmoM kA phala tIvra tathA adhika milatA hai| mada kaSAyoM ke sAtha baMdhane vAle koM kA phala maMda aura alpa milatA hai|' zubhAzubha pariNAmoM ke prakarSAprakarSa ke anurUpa hI karmoM kA zubhAzubha phala milatA hai| yaha koI anivArya nahIM ki karma apanI sthiti pUrNa hone para hI phala de / jisa prakAra AmAdi phaloM ko vizeSa prakAra ke sAdhanoM dvArA pakAkara samaya pUrva hI rasadAra banA lete haiM, usI prakAra sthiti pUrNa hone ke pUrva hI vizeSa tapazcaraNAdi dvArA, karmoM ko pakA dene para, ve apanA phala asamaya meM bhI dete haiN| isa prakAra karma-phala 'yathAkAla' aura 'ayathAkAla' do prakAra kA hotA hai| eka samaya meM baMdhe hue karma eka sAtha apanA phala nahIM dete balki apane-apane udaya 1 sarvA si 8/21 pR 311 2 sarvA si 82 4 293 3 kA anu gA 319 4 tavA 2/832

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kramAnusAra hI apanA phala pradAna karate haiM / yaha koI jarUrI nahIM ki karma apanA phala dekara hI udaya meM AeM, kyoMki Antarika zaktiyoM aura bAhya paristhitiyoM ke anukUla na rahane para karma apanA phala die binA bhI ( anya karma-rUpa pariNata hokara) Atma pradezoM se alaga ho sakate haiN| ' karmoM kI vividha avasthAeM / 143 sabhI mUla karma apane-apane svabhAvAnusAra hI apanA phala dete haiN| unameM paraspara koI parivartana nahIM hotA / 2 jaise, jJAnAvaraNI karma kA phala jJAna ko kuMThita va avaruddha karane kA milegA / darzanAdi anya zaktiyoM meM bAdhA pahuMcAne meM, usakA koI hastakSepa nahIM rahatA / karma apane avAntara bhedoM meM parivartita ho sakate haiN| jaise--sAtA vedanIya karma asAtA vedanIya rUpa phala de sakatA hai athavA zubha nAma-karma azubha nAma-karma rUpa phala de sakatA hai, kiMtu cAroM Ayu karma, darzana mohanIya aura cAritra mohanIya isake apavAda haiN| ve apanA phala svamukha se hI dete haiM arthAt eka Ayu dUsarI Ayu rUpa nahIM ho sakatI / isI prakAra darzana - mohanIya aura cAritra - mohanIya paraspara badalakara apanA phala pradAna nahIM kara sakate / karma, phala dene ke tatkAla bAda Atma-pradezoM se alaga ho jAte haiM, ve per3a se gire phala kI taraha punaH phala nahIM de sakate / karma phala dene ke bAda unakI 'nirjarA' yA 'kSaya' ho jAtI hai / kSaya hone kA tAtparya unakA sarvathA vinaSTa hone se nahIM hai, varan unake karmarUpa paryAya ko chor3akara anya akarmarUpa paryAyoM meM parivartita ho jAne se hai / ye hai saMkSepa meM, jaina karma siddhAMta / " jaisI karanI vaisI bharanI" yA "jo jasa karahi, so tasa phala cAkhA" Adi kahAvatoM kA pramukha AdhAra yahI hai| kucha dArzanikoM kA mAnanA hai ki karma apanA phala svayaM nahIM dete, kyoMki ve acetana haiN| apanA phala dene ke lie karma acintya zakti ke adhIna hai| jisa prakAra niSpakSa aura svataMtra nyAyAdhIza nirNaya karake doSI ko daMDa detA hai, usI prakAra karmoM kA phala dene vAlA sarva zaktimAna Izvara hai| vahI jIvoM ko unake zubhAzubha karmoM ke anusAra phala pradAna karatA hai| ve kahate haiM ki Izvara dvArA prerita jIva svarga yA naraka jAtA hai| Izvara kI sahAyatA ke binA koI bhI jIva sukha-duHkha pAne meM samartha nahIM hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra karma apanA phala svayaM pradAna karate haiN| usake lie kisI anya, Izvara jaise nyAyAdhIza kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, kyoMki Izvara to sukhAdi anaMta catuSTayoM se yukta aura kRtya kRtya hotA / vaha hamAre zubhAzubha karmoM meM hastakSepa kyoM karegA / parama vItarAgI, mahAna karuNAvAna Izvara kisI ko karmoM kA phala tIvra azubha tathA 1. bhaga. A. gA. 1170 2. sayathAnAma, ta. sU. 8/22 3. karma kAMDa gA 410 4. pakke phalambhi paDide jahaNa phalaM vajchade puNo viTe / jIvassa kamma bhAve paDide puNodaya muvedi / 5. Izvara prerito gacchet svarga vA zvabhrameva vA / anyojanturanIzoDayamAtmanaH mukha duHkhayo / --samayasAra 175 - syAdvAda maM TI, pR. 30 para uddhRta

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144 / jaina dharma aura darzana kisI ko zubha pradAna nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki aisI sthiti meM usake pakSapAtI aura krUra-pariNAmI hone kA prasaMga AtA hai| yadi kahA jAe ki Izvara apanI icchA se phala nahIM detA apitu karmoM ke anusAra hI phala detA hai| taba jaina dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki yadi aisA hai, to isa viSaya meM Izvara jaise mahAn kAruNika kA nAma na ghasITakara koM ko hI usake sthAna para biThA lenA caahie| Izvara ko karmoM kA phaladAtA mAnane saMbaMdhI mAnyatA aneka dRSTiyoM se dUSita hai| unameM se kucha nimna haiM1. yadi Izvara jIvoM ko karma-phala pradAna karane ke lie pApa-puNya ke anusAra sRSTi karatA hai, to Izvara ko svataMtra kahanA vyartha ho jAegA,kyoMki Izvara karma-phala dene meM adRSTa kI sahAyatA letA hai| ata: jIvoM ko apane adRSTa ke udaya se hI sukha-duHkha aura sAdhana upalabdha hote haiM / isalie isa viSaya meM IzvarecchA vyartha hai| 2. adRSTa ke acetana hone se vaha kisI buddhimAna kI preraNA se hI phala de sakatA hai, yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai, anyathA hama logoM kI preraNA se bhI adRSTa ko phala denA caahie| 3. Izvara ko karmoM kA phaladAtA mAnane para use kuMbhakAra kI taraha kartA mAnanA par3egA, kuMbhakAra zarIrI hai aura Izvara ashriirii| ataH mukta jIva kI taraha azarIrI Izvara karmoM kA phala kaise de sakatA hai| 4. Izvara ko karmoM kA phaladAtA mAnane para kisI bhI nidanIya kArya kA daMDa kisI bhI jIva ko nahIM milanA cAhie kyoMki usameM unakA koI doSa nahIM haiM ve to Izvara se prerita hokara hI ukta kRtyoM meM pravRtta hote haiN| magara jIvoM ko hatyA Adi aparAdha karane para daMDa milatA hai / isase siddha hai ki Izvara zubha-azubha karmoM kA phaladAtA nahIM hai| 5. Izvara ko pUrva kRta zubhAzubha karmoM kA phaladAtA mAnane para jIva dvArA kie gae sabhI karma vyartha ho jaayeNge| ataH Izvara ko karmoM kA phaladAtA na mAnakara unheM apane phala dene meM svatatra mAnanA hI yukti-yukta hai| tabhI pUrNa kRtya-kRtya Izvara-kartRtvAdi doSoM se baca sakatA hai| isI bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhakara bhagavadgItA meM bhI ukta bAta kA samarthana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki na kartRtvaM na karmANi lokasya srajati prabhU / na karma phala saMyogaM svabhAvastu prarvattate / nA datte kasyacid pApaM na caiva sukRtaM vibhuuH| ajJAnenAvRtaM jJAnaM tena muhyanti jantava // bhagavadgItA 5/14/15 1 SaDadarzana sammucya TI kA 46, pR 182-183 2 asmAdAdInAmapi / tatastat 'parikalpana vyarthameva syAta / vizva tatva prakAza (bhAvasena) vidhva pR 56 3 aSTa sahakhI-pR. 271 (babaI prakAzana 1915) 4 A vizeSa vivecana dekhe prameya kamalamArtaNDa pR0 265-84 B nyAya kumudacadra bhAga-1 pR097-109 C paDa darzana sammuca TI pR 167-187 5 dvAtriMzatikA (amitagati)

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haiM. AM , apane vizAla saMgha ke sAtha sihAsana para virAjita AcAryazrI dono ora maca para AsIna nagna avasthA meM muniyoM ke sAtha lagoTIdhArI ailaka aura dupaTTAdhArI kSullaka dRSTigocara ho rahe hai tathA nIce brahmacArI (zrAvaka) gaNa vigajita hai|

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4 U MA dur . zramaNa sapra ka mAtha padayAtrA karana hA AcAryazrI

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CPEdur RA jena AryikAo (sAdhviyo) kA samUha padayAtrA karane hue

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MPS . . kazalAca karata jana mani AhAra grahaNa karata hA jana muni

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karma mukti ke upAya :-(saMvara-nirjarA) . saMvara saMvara kA mahatva saMvara ke bheda saMvara ke sAdhana vrata samiti gupti dharma anuprekSA pariSaha-jaya cAritra. nirjarA nirjarA kA artha nirjarA ke sAdhana tapa kA mahattva tapa kA lakSaNa tapa ke bheda bAhya tapa abhyantara tapa

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karma mukti ke upAya :-(saMvara-nirjarA) / 147 karma mukti ke upAya saMvara jIva apane moha aura ajJAna ke kAraNa nirantara karmoM kA Asrava aura baMdha karatA A rahA hai / Akhira karma baMdha ke isa anaMta pravAha kA koI aMta bhI hai yA nahIM ? kyA bagha kI yaha paraMparA aise hI calatI rahegI? yA usase bacane kA koI upAya bhI hai ? isakA eka hI upAya hai vaha hai sNvr| saMvara kA artha hotA hai-rokanA.baMda krnaa| yaha Astrava kA virodhI hai| Asrava ke nirodha ko saMvara kahate haiN|' Asrava jahAM karma mala ke praveza karane meM nAlI kI taraha hai, to saMvara usa nAlI ke praveza dvAra ko bada kara karma-pravAha ko rokatA hai| isase navIna karmoM kA Asrava ruka jAtA hai, aura sattAgata saMcita karmoM kI abhivRddhi para akuza laga jAtA hai| isalie saMvara ko parama upAdeya mAnA gayA hai / savara kA vyautpattika artha bhI yahI hai| samyak varaNa ko, saMvaraNa ko, saMvara kahate haiN| jo acchI taraha se varaNa karane yogya ho, apanAne yogya ho, vaha saMvara hai / saMvara kA mahattva mokSamArga meM saMvara kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| saMvara se hI mokSamArga ke vikAsa kA krama prAraMbha hotA hai| jitanA-jitanA saMvara hotA hai, utanA-utanA hI Atmika vikAsa hotA jAtA hai| savara sahita nirjarA ko hI mokSamArga kA sAdhana kahA gayA hai| mAna lIjiye hameM eka aisI nAva para yAtrA karanA par3a rahA hai, jisameM aneka chidra haiM, jisameM jala praviSTa ho rahA hai, nAva kA bhAra bar3ha rahA hai, usakA satulana kho rahA hai, vaisI sthiti meM usa nAva ko khAlI karanA tabhI saMbhava hogA,jaba hama usake chidroM ko baMda kara jala ulIcanA prAraMbha kreN| usake abhAva meM niraMtara ulIcate rahane ke bAda bhI nAva ko khAlI kara pAnA muzkila hai kyoMki jisa gati se hama pAnI ulIca rahe haiM, vahIM dUsarI ora, usI gati se jala bhI praviSTa ho rahA hai| vaisI sthiti meM nAva ko khAlI kara pAnA asaMbhava hai| hamArA mArA parizrama vyartha siddha hogaa| pariNAmataH usa nAva ko DUbane se nahIM bacAyA jA sktaa| jIvAtmA bhI eka nAva ke samAna hai,jo saMsAra samudra meM taira rahI hai| hamAre zubhAzubha bhAvoM ke chidroM se usameM niraMtara karma-jala praveza kara rahA hai| una chidroM ko baMda karane para hI hama apanI nAva ko ubAra sakate haiM / nirjarA ke lie saMvara anivArya hai| 1 tatvArtha sUtra adhyAya 9/1

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148 / jaina dharma aura darzana saMvara ke bheda dravya aura bhAva kI apekSA saMvara ke do bheda kie gae haiN| karma paramANuoM ke Agamana kA nirodha ho jAnA dravya saMvara hai tathA AtmA ke jina bhAvoM se karmoM kA Agamana rukatA hai, unheM bhAva-saMvara kahate haiN| saMvara ke sAdhana vrata, samiti, gupti, dharma, anuprekSA, pariSaha-jaya aura cAritra ye sAta mavara ke sAdhana kahe gaye hai| inake pAlana se utpanna Atmika vizuddhi karma-pravAha ko roka detI hai| ye mUlata sAta haiM kitu apane uttara bhedo ko milAne para kula bAsaTha ho jAte haiN| vrata pApoM se virata hone/dUra haTane ko vrata kahate haiM / " hisaanRtsteyaabrhmprigrhemyovirtirvtm|' hisA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha ina pAca ko pApa kahA gayA hai| inase virata honA/inakA tyAga karanA hI vrata kahalAtA hai| ukta pAca pApo kA tyAga karane para kramaza ahisA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha vrata hote haiN| inake pUrNa tyAga ko mahAvrata kahate hai tathA Azika tyAga ko aNuvrata kahate haiN| mahAvratoM kA pAlana sAdhugaNa karate haiM tathA aNuvrato kA pAlana zrAvaka/gRhastha jana-samAja meM rahate hae apanI zakti ke anusAra karate hai| ahisA . mana, vacana, kAya se kisI ko kaSTa pahucAnA hisA hai| unake tyAga ko ahisA kahate hai| satya : jo yathArtha nahI hai, use kahanA jhUTha hai / isa jhUTha kA tyAga karanA 'satya' vrata acaurya : binA dI huI vastu ko grahaNa karanA corI hai| isake tyAga ko 'acaurya' vrata kahate hai| brahmacarya : maithuna-karma ko kuzIla kahate hai| inakA mana, vacana aura kAya se tyAga karanA 'brahmacarya' vrata hai| _ aparigraha : mUrchA ko parigraha kahate haiN| dhana-dhAnya, kuTumba, parivAra aura apane zarIra ke prati utpanna Asakti ko mUrchA kahate haiM / isa mUrchA kA tyAga hI 'aparigraha' vrata hai| samiti samyak pravRtti ko samiti kahate haiN| samiti kA artha huA 'sAvadhAnIpUrvaka pravRtti krnaa'| 1 a-hari pu 58/300 ba-pa kA jaya vR 143 2 a sarvA si-91 ba hari pu 58/300 3 tatvArtha sUtra 7/1 4 tatvArtha sUtra 72 5 (a) bhaga A vijayo-16(ba) sarvA si-92 (sa) AcAra sAra 51137

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karma mukti ke upAya :-(saMvara-nirjarA) / 149 uThane-baiThane, calane-phirane Adi kriyAoM meM hone vAlI sAvadhAnI hI samiti kahalAtI hai| samiti kI vyutpatti karate hue kahA gayA hai 'samekI bhAveneti iti samiti' arthAt hama jisa kriyA meM saMlagna haiM usa kriyA meM eka bhAva honA.parI tatparatA aura ekAgratA honA samiti hai| apanI pravRttigata sAvadhAnI yA Atma jAgati hI samiti hai| samitiyAM pAMca hotI haiM-IryA samiti, bhASA samiti, eSaNA samiti, AdAna-nikSepaNa samiti aura pratiSThApana smiti| 1. IryA samiti : kisI bhI jIva-jantu ko kleza na ho, isa prakAra sAvadhAnIpUrvaka, cAra hAtha jamIna dekhakara calanA 'IryA' samiti hai| 2. bhASA samiti : satya.hitakArI.parimita aura asadigdha vacana bolanA bhASA samiti hai / bolate samaya baratI jAne vAlI sAvadhAnI 'bhASA' samiti hai| 3. eSaNA samiti : zuddha aura nirdoSa AhAra vidhi-pUrvaka grahaNa karanA 'eSaNA samiti' 4. AdAna-nikSepaNa samiti : 'AdAna' kA artha hotA hai 'grahaNa karanA' tathA 'nikSepaNa' kA artha rakhanA hai| vastu ko dekhabhAla kara, sAvadhAnIpUrvaka, jIvarahita sthAnoM para uThAnA-rakhanA 'AdAna-nikSepaNa samiti' hai| 5. pratiSThApana samiti : bhalI-bhAMti dekhakara zuddha aura nirjantuka sthAna para apane mala-mUtra kA tyAga karanA 'pratiSThApana' samiti hai, arthAt mala-mUtra ke tyAga meM rakhI jAne vAlI saavdhaanii| ise 'vyutsarga' samiti bhI kahate haiN| ye pAMcoM samitiyAM karma-vinAza ke kAraNa haiM tathA inheM sAdhanA-patha kA mala mAnA gayA hai| gupti pApa kriyAoM se AtmA ko bacAnA gupti hai|' 'gupti' kA zAbdika artha hotA hai 'gopana karanA/rakSA karanA' arthAt mana-vacana-kAya kI akuzala pravRttiyoM se AtmA kI rakSA karanA 'gupti' hai| mana-vacana-kAya kI pravRtti ko unmArga se rokanA, yahI gupti zabda kA bhAvArtha hai| guptiyAM tIna haiM--manogupti, vacanagupti aura kAyagupti / mana kA rAga-dveSa, krodhAdi se aprabhAvita honA 'manogupti' hai| asatya vANI kA nirodha karanA athavA mauna rahanA 'vacana gupti' hai / tathA zarIra ko vaza meM rakhakara hiMsAdika kriyAoM se dUra honA 'kAyagupti' hai|' yaha gupti hI saMvara kA sAkSAta kAraNa hai| gapti meM asata kriyA ke nirodha kI makhyatA rahatI hai tathA samiti meM sat kriyA kI pravRtti kI mukhyatA rahatI hai| gupti aura samiti meM yahI aMtara hai| 1. yogasAra svovRtti 7/34 2. bhaga A vijayo 16 3. bhaga A vijayo 115 4. ni sA.-65.ma.cA 5/135,bhaga A.1187 5. bhaga A. vijayo 115

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150 / jaina dharma aura darzana dharma jo vyakti ko dukha se mukta karAkara sukha taka pahucA de, use dharma kahate haiN|' ima dharma ke dasa lakSaNa kahe gae haiM-uttama kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, zauca, satya, sayama, tapa, tyAga, akicanya aura brahmacarya / ye dasoM dharma AtmA ke bhAvanAtmaka parivartana se utpanna vizuddha pariNAma haiM, jo AtmA ko azubha karmoM ke badha se rokane ke kAraNa savara ke hetu haiN| khyAti, pUjA Adi se nirapekSa hone ke kAraNa iname 'uttama' vizeSaNa lagAyA gayA hai| 1. kSamA krodha ke kAraNa upasthita rahane para bhI krodha na karanA kSamA hai| kAyaratA kSamA nahI hai| samartha rahane para bhI krodhotpAdaka nidA, apamAna, gAlI-galauca Adi pratikUla vyavahAra hone para bhI mana me kaluSatA na Ane denA 'uttama kSamA' hai| 2. mArTava citta me madatA aura vyavahAra meM vinamratA 'mArdava hai| yaha mAna kaSAya ke abhAva me prakaTa hotA hai| jAti, kula, rUpa, jJAna, tapa, vaibhava, prabhutva aura aizvarya sabadhI abhimAna-mada kahalAtA hai| ise vinazvara samajha mAna kaSAya ko jItanA 'mArdava' kahalAtA 3. Arjava 'Arjava' kA artha hotA hai-'RjutA' yA 'saralatA', arthAt bAhara-bhItara eka honaa| mana meM kucha, vacana me kucha tathA prakTa me kucha, yaha pravRtti kuTilatA yA mAyAcArI hai / isa mAyAkaSAya ko jItakara mana, vacana aura kAya kI kriyA meM ekarUpatA lAnA 'Arjava' 4. zauca 'zauca' kA artha hotA hai-pavitratA' yA 'saphAI' / mada, krodhAdika baDhAne vAlI jitanI durbhAvanAe hai, uname lobha sabase prabala hai / ise jItakara lobha para vijaya pAnA hI uttama zauca hai| 5. satya yathArtha bolanA satya hai / dUsaro ke mana me santApa utpanna karane vAle, niSThura aura karkaza, kaThora vacano kA tyAga kara, sabake hitakArI aura priya vacana bolanA 'satya' dharma hai| apriya zabda bhI asatya kI koTi me A jAtA hai| 6. sayama 'sayama' kA artha hotA hai-Atma niyatraNa/pAco idriyo kI pravRttiyo para akuza rakhakara,unakI nirargala pravRttiyo para niyatraNa rakhanA 'sayama' dharma hai| 7. tapa icchA ke nirodha ko 'tapa' kahate hai| viSaya kaSAyo kA nigraha karake bAraha prakAra ke tapa meM citta lagAnA 'tapa' dharma hai| tapa dharma kA pramukha uddezya citta kI malina vRttiyo kA unmUlana hai| 8. tyAga parigraha kI nivRtti ko tyAga kahate hai| binA kisI pratyupakAra kI apekSA ke apane pAsa hone vAlI jJAnAdi sapadA ko dUsaro ke hita va kalyANa ke lie lagAnA uttama 'tyAga' hai| 9. Akicanya mamatva ke parityAga ko 'Akicanya' kahate haiN| Akicanya kA artha hotA hai 'merA kucha bhI nahI hai|' ghara-dvAra, dhana-daulata, badhu-bAdhava Adi yahA taka ki zarIra bhI merA nahIM hai| isa prakAra kA anAsakti bhAva utpanna honA 'Akicanya' dharma hai| sabakA 1 sarvA si.3/2

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karma mukti ke upAya :-(saMvara-nirjarA) / 151 tyAga karane ke bAda bhI usa tyAga ke prati mamatva raha sakatA hai, AkiMcanya dharma meM usa tyAga ke prati hone vAle mamatva kA tyAga karAyA jAtA hai / 10. brahmacarya : brahma arthAt AtmA meM ramaNa karanA brahmacarya hai| rAgotpAdaka sAdhanoM ke hone para bhI una sabase virakta hokara, AtmonmakhI bane rahanA brahacarya dharma hai| __isa prakAra dharma ke yaha dasa lakSaNa koI bAharI tattva nahIM haiM varan vikAroM ke prabhAva meM prakaTa honevAlI Atma-zaktiyAM hI haiN| kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, zauca-ye AtmA ke apane bhAva haiM, jo kramazaH krodhAdika vikAroM ke abhAva meM prakaTa hote haiM, tathA satya,saMyama, tapa aura tyAga inakI prApti ke upAya haiM, AkiMcanya aura brahmacarya dharmoM kA sAra hai| apanI AtmA para AsthA, apane avinazvara vaibhava kA jJAna aura apane Atma-brahma meM ramaNa dharma kA sAra to itanA hI hai| cAroM gatiyoM ke duHkhoM se chur3Ane kI sAmarthya isI meM hai| anuprekSA kisI bhI padArtha kA bAra-bAra ciMtana anuprekSA kahalAtI hai| vicAroM kA hamAre mana para bahata gaharA prabhAva par3atA hai| jIvana meM ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanAoM kA jaba hama aMtara-vizleSaNa karate haiM to bahuta kucha sAra tattva hamAre hAtha A jAtA hai, hamArA manobala bar3hatA hai, aura hama satya puruSArtha kI ora prayatnazIla hote haiN| saMsAra zarIra aura bhogoM ke svarUpa para jaba hama bAra-bAra vicAra karate haiM, to unakI niHsAratA hamArI samajha meM Ane lagatI hai tathA sahaja hI vairAgya ke aMkura phUTane lagate haiN| isalie inheM vairAgya kI utpatti meM mAtA kI taraha kahA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM bAraha anuprekSAeM prasiddha haiN| inheM bAraha bhAvanA bhI kahate haiN| ve haiM kramazaH anitya, azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azuci, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, loka, bodhi-durlabha aura dharma / Aie aba hama inake svarUpa para vicAra kreN| 1. anitya anaprekSA : saMsAra meM jo kucha bhI utpanna huA hai,usakA vinAza sunizcita hai| saMsAra ke sAre saMyoga vinAzazIla haiM, kSaNa-kSayI haiN| cAhe hamArA zarIra ho, sampatti ho yA saMbaMdhI, sabake-saba chUTane vAle haiN| inakA astitva bhora ke tAre kI taraha hai, jo kucha hI kSaNoM meM vilIna hone vAlA hai| isa prakAra kA ciMtana karanA anityAnuprekSA' hai| 2. azaraNa anuprekSA : janma, jarA aura mRtyurUpI bhayoM se, isa saMsAra meM koI bhI kisI ko bacA nahIM sktaa| cAhe kitanA hI bar3A parikara aura parivAra ho, dhana aura vaibhava ho athavA devI-devatAoM kI upAsanA kI jAe, mRtyu ke samaya inakA koI jora nahIM calatA, sAre sAdhana rahate hue bhI niSprANa ho jAte haiN| janma lene vAle kA maraNa anivArya hai| bar3I-bar3I auSadhi, maMtra-taMtra aura saMsAra ke sAre padArtha vyartha siddha ho jAte haiN| jisa prakAra zera ke mukha meM rahane vAle hiraNa ko koI bacA nahIM sakatA, usI prakAra isa jIva ko mRtyurUpI siMha ke mukha se nahIM bacAyA jA sktaa| aisI sthiti meM koI zaraNa aura sahArA hai to mAtra deva, dharma aura guru hI hamAre zaraNa haiM jo hameM mRtyu ke AtaMka se bacA sakate haiM, isa prakAra kA ciMtana karanA 'azaraNAnuprekSA' hai|

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152 / jaina dharma aura darzana 3. sasAra anuprekSA janma, jarA aura mRtyurUpI isa sasAra meM sabhI jIva cAroM gatiyoM meM bhramaNa karate hue dukha pAte haiN| samAra meM rahane vAle sabhI prANI dukhI haiN| cAhe vaha bahuta vaibhava sampanna ho, usake pAsa sArI suvidhAe hoM athavA vaibhavahIna, daridra ho, abhAvagrasta ho, sabhI ke sabhI dukhI haiN| pharka itanA hai ki dhanavAna adhika pAne kI cAha meM dukhI ho rahA hai tathA nirdhana abhAva ke kAraNa dukhI ho rahA hai| garIba kI koziza hai--apane abhAva ko miTAne kI tathA sapanna varga kI cAhata hai--aura adhika pAne kii| isa prakAra saba AzA aura tRSNA ke adhIna hokara tadanurUpa dukhI hai| isa prakAra kA citana karanA 'sasArAnuprekSA' hai / 4. ekatva anuprekSA sasAra meM pratyeka vyakti akelA hI janma letA hai| janma ke samaya usake sAtha koI nahI AtA / sAre rizte nAte, sagI-sAthI saba bIca meM hI milate haiM, tathA yaha maratA bhI akelA hai| isake sAthI na to janma ke samaya isake sAtha Ate hai aura na hI maraNa ke bAda koI isake sAtha jAtA hai| apanA sukha-dukha use akelA hI bhoganA paDatA hai / use sasAra kI pUrI yAtrA akele hI pUrNa karanI paDatI hai| isa prakAra kA vicAra karanA 'ekatvAnuprekSA' hai / 5. anyatva anuprekSA bAhara se dikhane vAle dhana-vaibhava tathA parivAra - parijana ye saba mujhase pRthak haiM, ye mere nahI hai| yahA taka ki yaha deha, jisakA mere sAtha baDA ghaniSTha sabadha hai, yaha bhI merI nahI hai / yadyapi dUdha aura pAnI kI taraha milI-julI hone ke kAraNa yaha eka-sI dikhatI hai, kiMtu viveka ke dvArA inakA bheda jAnA jAtA hai| maiM apane puruSArtha ke bala para apanI AtmA ko isa zarIra kI kaida se mukta kara sakatA huu| isa prakAra kA vicAra karanA 'anyatva anuprekSA' hai / . 6. azuci anuprekSA yaha Upara se gorA, kAlA yA sudara dikhAI paDane vAlA zarIra bhItara se utanA hI ghinaunA hai| isake adara koI sAra nahI hai| ise jitanA sApha karane kA prayAsa karate haiM, yaha utanI hI mailI hotI jAtI hai| itanA hI nahI, isake saparka me Ane vAlI kezara, caMdana, puSpa jaisI bahumUlya sAmagrI bhI apavitra ho jAtI hai| isa deha kA zrRMgAra karanA to viSThA ke ghar3e ko phUloM se sajAne jaisA kRtya hai / isa zarIra ke dvArA tapa karane meM hI sArthakatA hai / isI se yaha pavitra hotA hai| isa prakAra kA vicAra 'azuci anuprekSA' hai / 7. Asrava anuprekSA. maiM apane mana, vacana aura kAya kI kriyAoM ke kAraNa, niratara, aneka prakAra ke karmoM kA Asrava kara rahA hU, jisase sambaddha ho, aneka prakAra ke karma hamArI AtmA ko nAnA yoniyoM meM bhaTakA rahe haiN| jaba taka hamArA ajJAna dUra nahI ho jAtA, taba taka hama isa Asrava se nahI baca sakate / isa prakAra kA citana karanA 'AsravAnuprekSA' hai / 8. savara anuprekSA prani samaya Astravita hone vAle karmoM ko roke binA hamArI AtmA kA vikAsa saMbhava nhii| savara ke mAdhyama se hI karmoM ko rokA jA sakatA hai| isake sAdhana mere jIvana meM kaise avatarita ho ? isa prakAra kA vicAra karanA 'savara anuprekSA' hai / 9. nirjarA anuprekSA. karmoM ke jhaDane ko nirjarA kahate haiM / tapa ke dvArA sabhI karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai| jaba taka apane karmoM kI nirjarA nahI kara letA, taba taka maiM apane Atmika sukha ko nahI pA sktaa| savarapUrvaka jaba taparUpI agni mere aMtara meM prakaTa hogI,

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karma mukti ke upAya :-(saMvara-nirjarA) / 153 tabhI merI AtmA Alokita hogii| isa prakAra kA vicAra karanA 'nirjarA' anuprekSA hai| 10. loka anuprekSA : apane Atma-svarUpa ko bhUlakara, maiM anAdi se isa loka meM bhaTaka rahA huuN| yaha loka chaha dravyoM kA saMyukta rUpa hai| kisI ke dvArA banAyA nahIM gayA hai; na hI isakA vinAza saMbhava hai, yaha anAdi nidhana hai| caudaha rAjU UcAI vAle puruSAkAra isa loka meM, maiM apane ajJAna ke kAraNa bhaTakatA huA akathanIya duHkhoM kA pAtra rahA huuN| aba jaise bhI bane, mujhe isa paribhramaNa ko samApta kara apane zAzvata svarUpa ko prApta karanA hai, jahAM jAne ke bAda kisI prakAra kA AvAgamana nahIM hogaa| isa prakAra ke citana ko 'lokAnuprekSA' kahate haiN| 11. bodhi-durlabha anuprekSA : dhana-dhAnyAdi bAhya sAsArika sampadA to maiM anekoM bAra prApta kara cukA, para unase mujhe kisI prakAra kA sukha yA satoSa nahIM milaa| kitu saMsAra se pAra utArane vAlA yaha jJAna, mujhe bahuta durlabhatA se prApta huA hai| isakI prApti utanI hI dulebha hai, jitanI ki kisI zahara ke caurAhe para ratnoM kI rAzi kA paanaa| ata: ratnoM bahamulya isa bodhi ratna ko pAkara mujhe isake saMrakSaNa aura saMvardhana meM laganA caahie| isa prakAra ke ciMtana ko 'bodhi-durlabha' anuprekSA kahate hai| 12. dharma-bhAvanA anuprekSA : loka ke sAre saMyoga aura sabadha yahIM chUTa jAte haiM, dharma isa jIva ke sAtha paraloka meM bhI jAtA hai| dharma hI isakA saccA sAthI hai| yahI hamArA vAstavika mitra hai| isase hI hamArA kalyANa hogaa| isa prakAra ke citana se apanI dhArmika AsthA dRr3ha karanA 'dharmAnuprekSA' hai| ina bAraha prakAra kI anuprekSAoM kA hamAre jIvana meM bahuta adhika mahattva hai| ina para aneka grantha prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASA meM likhe gae haiM, tathA aneka hidI ke kaviyoM ne bhI apanI lekhanI kA viSaya banAyA hai| unakA AlaMbana lekara, hama mahaja hI inakA savistAra ciMtana kara sakate haiN| pariSaha jaya aMgIkRta dharma-mArga meM sthira rahane ke lie tathA karma badha ke vinAza ke lie jo bhI pratikUla paristhitiyAM samatApUrvaka sahana karane yogya hoM, unheM pariSaha jaya kahate haiN| kahA bhI mArgAcyavana nirjarArthaM pariSoDhavyAH pariSahA / ' 'pariSaha' yaha zabda 'pari' aura 'Saha' ina do zabdoM ke sammela se banA hai| 'pari' arthAt 'saba ora se' 'SahaH' kA artha hotA hai 'sahanA', yAni saba ora Ae hue kaSToM tathA duHkhoM ko samatApUrvaka sahana karanA hI pariSaha jaya hai| digambara sAdhu imakA pAlana karate haiN| cUMki ve prakRti meM rahate haiM tathA sabhI prakAra ke sAdhana va suvidhAoM se dUra rahate haiM, aisI sthiti meM tA bhAva ko naSTa karane vAlI aneka paristhitiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai aura ve hI sthitiyAM unake samatva kI parIkSA ke vizeSa sthala haiN| yadyapi aisI paristhitiyAM anaginata 1. tatvArtha sUtra-9/8

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154 / jaina dharma aura darzana ho sakatI hai, kiMtu unameM bAIsa kA ullekha mukhya rUpa se kiyA gayA hai, aura sanmArga se cyuta na hone ke lie tatsaMbaMdhI klezoM para vijaya pAne kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| ve haiM kramaza:-kSudhA, tRSA, zIta, uSNa, DaoNsa-macchara, nagnatA, arati, strI, caryA, niSadyA, zayyA, Akroza, vadha, yAcanA, alAbha, roga, tRNa-sparza, mala, satkAra-puraskAra, prajJA, ajJAna aura adrshn| 1-2. kSudhA-tRSA : jaina sAdhu apane pAsa kucha bhI parigraha nahIM rakhate, na hI apanA bhojana apane hAtha se banAte haiM / bhikSAvRtti se hI bhojana grahaNa karate haiN| vaha bhI dina meM eka hI bAra tathA samaya-samaya para upavAsa Adi tapa bhI dhAraNa karate haiN| aisI sthiti meM bhUkha aura pyAsa laganA svAbhAvika hai / phira bhI, kitanI hI tIvra bhUkha yA pyAsa lagane para svIkRta maryAdA (vidhi) viruddha AhAra milane para use grahaNa nahIM karanA, kSudhA aura pyAsa rUpI agni ko dhairya rUpI jala se zAMta karanA 'kSadhA-taSA pariSaha-jaya' hai| 3-4. zIta-uSNa : kar3akar3AtI ThaNDa ho yA jeTha kI tapatapAtI dhUpa.donoM paristhitiyoM meM vastrAdikoM ko svIkAra na kara,samatA-bhAvapUrvaka sahana karanA 'zIta-uSNa pariSaha-jaya' hai| 5. DaoNsa-macchara : makkhI, pissU Adi jaMtuoM kRta bAdhAoM ko samatApUrvaka sahana karanA,unase vicalita hokara pratikAra kI icchA na karanA 'DaoNsa-macchara pariSaha-jaya' hai| 6. nAgnya : mAtA ke garbha se utpanna bAlaka kI taraha nagna rUpa dhAraNa karanA 'nAgnya' pariSaha-jaya hai| digambaratva ko dhAraNa karanevAle sAdhu ke mana meM kisI bhI prakAra kA vikAra na AnA tathA lajjA Adi ke vaza,use chipAne kA bhAva na karanA,'nAgnya pariSaha-jaya' hai| 7. arati : 'arati' kA artha 'saMyama ke prati anutsAha hai| aneka viparIta kAraNoM ke hone para bhI saMyama ke prati atyaMta anurAga banA rahanA 'arati pariSaha-jaya' hai| 8. strI : nava-yuvatiyoM ke hAva-bhAva, vilAsAdi dvArA bAdhA pahuMcAe jAne para bhI mana ne denA.unake rUpa ko dekhane athavA unake AliMgana kI bhAvanA na honA 'strI pariSaha-jaya' hai| 9. caryA : naMge pairoM se satata vihAra karate rahane para,mArga meM par3ane vAle kaMkara-pattharoM se paira chila jAne para bhI kheda khinna na honA 'caryA pariSaha-jaya' hai| 10. niSadyA : jisa Asana meM baiThe haiM usa Asana se vicalita na honaa| 11. zayyA : svAdhyAya, dhyAna Adi ke zramajanya thakAvaTa dUra karane ke lie,rAtri meM UMcI-nIcI, kaThora bhUmi athavA lakar3I ke pATe Adi para eka karavaTa se zayana karanA 'zayyA pariSaha-jaya' hai| 12. Akoza : mArga meM calate hae sAdha ko anya ajJAniyoM dvArA gAlI-galauca apamAnita Adi karane para bhI zAMta rahanA,una para krodha na karanA Akroza pariSaha-jaya' hai| ____13. baMdha : jaise caMdana ko jalAne para bhI vaha sugaMdha detA hai; vaise hI apane sAtha mAra-pITa karane vAloM para bhI krodha na karanA, apitu, unakA hita socanA 'vadha pariSaha-jaya' hai| 14. yAcanA : AhArAdi ke na milane para bhale hI prANa cale jAeM, lekina kisI se yAcanA karanA to dUra,mana meM dInatA bhI na AnA yAcanA pariSaha-jaya' hai| 15. alAbha : AhArAdi kA lAbha na hone para bhI, usameM lAbha kI taraha saMtuSTa rahanA

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karma mukti ke upAya -(saMvara-nirjarA) / 155 'alAbha pariSaha-jaya' hai| 16. roga : yadi zarIra kisI roga, vyAdhi va pIr3A se ghira jAe, to use zAMtipUrvaka sahanA 'roga pariSaha-jaya' hai| 17. tRNa-sparza : calate, uThate, baiThate tathA sote samaya jo kucha tRNa, kakar3a, kATA, Adi cubhane kI pIDA ho, use sAmya bhAva se sahana karanA 'tRNa-sparza pariSaha-jaya' hai / 18. mala. zarIra meM pasInA Adi se mala laga jAne para bhI usa ora daSTi na dekara unheM haTAne kI icchA na karanA 'mala pariSaha-jaya' hai| __19. satkAra-puraskAra : sammAna eva apamAna me samabhAva rakhanA aura Adara-satkAra na hone para kheda-khinna na honA 'satkAra-puraskAra pariSaha-jaya' hai| 20. prajJA : apane pANDitya kA ahakAra na honA 'prajJA pariSaha-jaya' hai| 21. ajJAna : jJAna na hone para logo ke tiraskAra yukta vacano ko sunakara bhI apane aMdara hIna-bhAvanA na lAnA 'ajJAna pariSaha-jaya' hai|| 22. adarzana : zraddhAna me cyuta hone ke kAraNa upasthita hone para bhI muni mArga se cyuta na honA 'adarzana pariSaha-jaya' hai| ___ yaha bAIsa pariSaha jaina muniyo kI vizeSa sAdhanAe hai| inake dvArA vaha apane ko pUrNa indriya-vijayI aura yogI banAkara mavara kA pAtra banAte hai| pariSaho ko jItane me caritra me daDha niSThA hotI hai aura karmo kA Asrava rukakara savara hotA hai| cAritra mavara kA sAtavA sAdhana cAritra hai| jisake dvArA hita kI prApti aura hita kA nivAraNa hotA hai / use cAritra kahate hai / ' eka paribhASA ke anusAra, Atmika zuddha dazA me sthira hone kA prayatna karanA cAritra hai / vizuddhi ko taratamatA kI apekSA, cAritra pAca prakAra kA kahA gayA hai-sAmAyika chedopasthApanA. parihAra-vizuddhi,sUkSma-sAmparAya aura yathAkhyAta / ' 1. sAmAyika : sAmyabhAva meM sthita rahane ke lie samasta pApa-pravRttiyo kA tyAga karanA 'sAmAyika' cAritra hai| 2. chedopasthApanA . gRhIta cAritra me doSa lagane para, unakA parihAra kara, mUla rUpa meM sthApita honA 'chedopasthApanA' cAritra hai|' ____3. parihAra-vizuddhi . viziSTa tapazcaryA me cAritra ko adhika vizuddha karanA 'parihAra-vizaddhi' kahalAtI hai| isa cAritra ke prakaTa hone para itanA halkApana A jAtA hai ki calane-phirane, uThane-baiThane rUpI mabhI kriyAoM ko karane ke bAda bhI kisI jIva kA ghAta nahIM ho paataa| 'parihAra' kA artha hotA hai 'hisATika pApoM se nivRtti'| isa vizuddhi ke 1 bhaga A vijayo 8/41 2 prasA jaya vRtti 8 3 tatvArtha sUtra 9/18 4 ta vA 929/11 5 sarvA si.9/186 6 sarvA si 9/18

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156 / jaina dharma aura darzana hisA kA pUrNatayA parihAra ho jAtA hai; ataH isakI parihAra-vizuddhi, yaha sArthaka saMjJA hai| isa cAritra kA dhanI sAdhu jala meM par3e kamala ke patroM kI taraha pApoM se alipta rahatA hai| yaha kisI viziSTa sAdhanA-sampanna tapasvI ko hI prApta hotA hai| 4. sakSma-sAmparAya : jisa sAdhaka kI samasta kaSAyeM naSTa ho cakI haiM. mAtra lobha kaSAya ati sUkSma rUpa meM zeSa raha gayI haiM tathA jo use bhI kSINa karane meM tatpara hai, usake cAritra ko 'sUkSma-sAmparAya cAritra' kahate haiN|' 5. yathArakhyAt : samasta mohanIya karma ke upazAMta athavA kSINa ho jAne para, prakaTa AtmA ke zAMta-svarUpa meM ramaNa karane rUpa cAritra 'yathAkhyAta' cAritra haiN| isako vItarAga cAritra yA athAkhyAta cAritra bhI kahate haiN| yahAM yaha bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai ki sAmAyika ke atirikta zeSa cAroM cAritra sAmAyika rUpa me hI haiM parantu AcAra guNoM kI vizeSatA hone ke kAraNa una cAra ko alaga kiyA hai| isa prakAra vrata,samiti, gupti, dharma, anuprekSA, pariSaha-jaya aura cAritra rUpa saMvara ke 62 bheda kahe gae haiN| ve sAdhu-jIvana ko lakSya karake kahe gaye haiN| isakA artha yaha hai ki saMvara kI siddhi ke lie sAdhu dharma apekSita hai| gRhasthajana bhI inakA yathAzakti pAlana karake AMzika saMvara ke adhikArI bana sakate haiN| jaina dharma kA hindU dharma para prabhAva jaina dharma kA hindU dharma para kyA prabhAva par3A? isakA uttara yadi hama eka zabda me denA cAheM to vaha zabda hai-"ahiMsA" aura yaha ahiMsA zArIrika hI nahIM bauddhika bhI rahI ho| zaiva aura vaiSNava dharmoM kA utthAna jaina aura bauddha dharmoM ke bAda huA / zAyada yahI kAraNa hai ki ina donoM matoM (vizeSata: vaiSNava mata) meM ahiMsA kA UMcA sthAna hai| durgA ke sAmane kusmANDa kI bali car3hAne kI prathA bhI jaina aura bauddha matoM ke ahiMsAvAda se hI nikalI hogii| rAmadhArI siMha dinakara "saMkRti ke cAra adhyAya" pR119 1 sarvA si 9/18 2 sarvA si 9/18

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nirjarA nirjarA kA artha baddha karmoM kA AtmA se alaga honA nirjarA hai / ' sAta tattvoM meM saMvara tattva ke bAda isakA sthAna hai| saMvara ke dvArA karmoM kA Asrava rukatA hai; to nirjarA dvArA pUrva-baddha arthAt saMcita karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai| jaise jala ke praveza-dvAra ko baMda kara dene para sUrya ke prakhara tApa se tAlAba sthita jala dhIre-dhIre sUkha jAtA hai, vaise hI karmoM ke Asrava ko saMvara dvArA roka dene para tapa Adi sAdhanoM se AtmA ke sAtha pahale bAMdhe hue karma dhIre-dhIre vilIna hote jAte haiN| isa dRSTi se 'nirjarA' kA artha huA, karma vargaNAoM kA AMzika rUpa se AtmA se chuuttnaa| Atma-pradezoM se karmo kA chUTanA hI nirjarA hai| yaha prakriyA jaba utkRSTatA ko prApta ho jAtI hai, taba AtmA meM lage sampUrNa karmoM kA vilagAva ho jAtA hai aura AtmA apanI svabhAvika avasthA ko prApta kara letA hai / karmoM kA pUrNatayA vilaga honA mokSa hai| nirjarA zuddhatA kI prApti ke mArga meM sIr3hiyoM ke samAna hai| jaise kadama-dara-kadama sIr3hiyoM para car3hakara maMjila para pahuMcate haiM,vaise hI kramazaH nirjarA kara mokSa-avasthA prApta kI jAtI hai| nirjarA ke bheda nirjarA do prakAra kI hotI hai-dravya nirjarA aura bhAva nirjraa| AtmA ke jisa nijI (zuddha) pariNamana se karma-pudgala vilaga hote haiM, usa pariNAma/bhAva kI prakriyA ko bhAva nirjarA kahate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM bhAva nirjarA se tAtparya AtmA ke nija meM hone vAle una vaicArika parivartanoM se hai jinase karma-pudgala Atma-pradezoM ko chor3ane ke lie bAdhya hote haiN| dravya nirjarA se tAtparya hai karma-pudagaloM kA Atma-pradezoM se vilaga hone kI prakriyA; jo karma-phala bhogane ke dvArA athavA karma-phala bhogane se pUrva tapa Adi ke dvArA saMpAdita hotI hai| isa prakAra se dravya nirjarA do prakAra kI ho jAtI hai| prathama savipAka nirjarA aura dvitIya avipAka nirjarA / sthiti ke pUrNa hone para, karmoM ke sukha-duHkhAtmaka phala dekara vilaga hone ko savipAka 1. vA. anu 66 2. sa si 14 3 prasA TIkA 36 4 A. ma. 1847

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158 / jaina dharma aura darzana nirjarA kahate haiN| jaise-Ama Adi phala pakakara jhara jAte haiM, vaise hI yaha nirjarA kevala phalonmukha hue karmoM kI hotI hai| ise yathAkAla-nirjarA bhI kahate haiN| yaha sabhI saMsArI jIvoM ke hotI hai kyoMki baMdhe hue karma apane-apane samaya para apanA phala dekara nijIrNa hote hI rahate haiM / mokSamArga meM isa prakAra kI nirjarA kA mahattva nahIM hai, kyoMki isa nirjarA meM rAga-dveSa hone ke kAraNa nirjarA ke sAtha-sAtha navIna karmoM kA baMdha bhI hotA hai| saMvara pUrvaka hone vAlI nirjarA hI mokSamArga meM upAdeya hai|| savipAka nirjarA ke viparIta avipAka nirjarA hai, jisameM paripAka-kAla se pahale tapAdi sAdhanoM ke dvArA, samaya se pUrva hI karmoM ko vilagAyA jAtA haiN| yaha aisA hI hai jaise-mAlI kacce AmoM ko tor3akara, pAla Adika meM rakhakara, unheM samaya se pUrva hI pakA letA hai| vaise hI avipAka nirjarA paripAka kAla se parva hI tapAdi vizeSa sAdhanoM dvArA jAtI hai| yaha samaya se pUrva hI karmoM ko galA detI hai| mokSamArga meM yaha avipAka nirjarA hI upAdeya mAnI gayI hai| yaha vratadhArI,samyakadRSTi puruSoM ke hI hotI hai / nirjarA kA sAdhana nirjarA kA sAdhana tapa kahA gayA hai| karoDoM varSoM se sacita-karma tapa se nirjarita ho jAte haiN| 'bhava koTi saciyaM kammaM tavasA nnirjjii'| kahA gayA hai ki tapa ke binA akele saMvara se hI mokSa nahI hotaa| jaise arjita dhana upabhoga ke binA samApta nahIM hotA, vaise hI saMcita karma tapasyA ke binA naSTa nahIM hote| isalie karma-nirjarA ke lie tapa Avazyaka hai| vaidika-granthoM meM bhI "tapasAkilviSaMhanti" tapa dvArA pApa nAza karate haiN| aisA kahakara tapa ko Atmazodhana kA upAya batAyA gayA hai / tapa kA mahattva tapa kI bahuta mahimA hai| jaise jala miTTI ko galA detA hai, kitu agni meM tapane ke bAda, usI ghar3e meM jala ko, apane bhItara dhAraNa karane kI kSamatA A jAtI hai, usI prakAra tapa ke dvArA AtmA meM aneka guNoM kI abhivyakti ho jAtI hai| jaise sone ko tapAne para svarNa kI AbhA nikhara uThatI hai; ThIka vaise hI tapasvI jana jitanA hI adhika durddhara tapa karate haiM, unakI AtmA meM utanA hI nikhAra AtA hai| jaina zAstroM meM tapa kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / use mokSamArga kA pramukha aMga batAkara, dharma nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| 'dhammo maMgala mukkiTTha ahiMsA saMyamo tavA tapa ke mahAtmya kA 1 sa si 8/23 2 kA anu gA 104 3 sa si 8/13 4 kA anu gA 104 5 ta sU 9/13 6 bha A. mUgA 1846 7 pratikramaNa sUtra 1847

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karma mukti ke upAya :-(saMvara-nirjarA) / 159 ullekha karate hue 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' meM kahA gayA hai ki "jagat meM aisA koI padArtha nahIM hai,jo nirdoSa tapa se prApta nahIM hotA / jaise agni tRNa ko jalAtI hai vaise hI tapa rUpa agni saMpUrNa karmoM ko jalAkara bhasma kara DAlatI hai| uttama prakAra se kiyA gayA Asrava-rahita tapa kA phala varNana karane meM hajAroM jihvAoM vAlA zeSAdri bhI samartha nahIM hai|"] tapa kA lakSaNa tapa kI vyAkhyA bhinna-bhinna prakAra se kI gaI hai| kisI ne amuka vrata ko hI tapa mAnA hai, kisI ne vanavAsa, kaMda-mUla bhakSaNa athavA sUrya ke Atapa ko sahanA hI tapa mAnA hai,to kisI ne deha aura indriyoM ke damana se hI tapa kI pUrNatA svIkAra kI hai, kisI ne mAtra mAnasika titikSA ko hI tapa mAnane kI himAyata kI hai, paraMtu jaina dharma meM tapa kA bar3A vizada artha kiyA gayA hai aura usameM zarIra, mana aura AtmA kI zaddhi karane vAlI sarvavastuoM ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| 'icchA nirodhastapaH"2: yaha jainoM kA prasiddha sUtra hai / tapa kA mUla uddezya icchAoM kA nirodha hI hai| isalie ajJAna pUrvaka, laukika,khyAti, pUjA, pratiSThA aura lAbha kI bhAvanA se. kie gae tapa ko bAla-tapa (ajJAniyoM kA tapa) kahA gayA hai| vastutaH aihika AkAMkSAoM se Upara uThakara, sirpha karma kSaya ke lie kiyA gayA puruSArtha hI tapa hai| AcArya akalaMkadeva ne tapa kA lakSaNa karate hue kahA hai, "karma nirdahanAttapaH"3 karmoM kA dahana arthAt bhasma kara dene ke kAraNa hI ise tapa kahate haiM, jaise agni saMcita-tRNAdi IMdhana ko bhasma kara detI hai, usI prakAra tapa bhI janma-janmAMtaroM ke saMcita karmoM ko jalA DAlate haiM; tathA deha aura indriyoM kI viSaya-pravRtti ko rokakara, unheM tapA dete haiM, ataH ye tapa kahe jAte haiM 4 "tavo visayaviNi ggaho jattha" tapa vahI hai jahAM viSayoM kA nigraha hai| tapa ke bheda tapa ke bAraha bheda haiN| anazana, Unodara, vRtti-parisaMkhyAna, rasa-parityAga, vivikta-zayyAsana aura kAya-kleza ye chaha bAhya tapa haiN| bAhya dravyoM ke AlaMbanapUrvaka hone se tathA bAhara pratyakSa dikhane se inheM bAhya tapa kahate haiN| prAyazcita vinaya,vaiyAvatya svAdhyAya vyatsarga aura dhyAna ye chahoM bheda AbhyaMtara tapa ke haiN| manonigraha se saMbaMdha hone ke kAraNa inheM AbhyaMtara tapa kahate haiN| bAhya tapa bhI AbhyaMtara tapa kI abhivRddhi ke uddezya se hI kiye jAte haiN| bAhya-tapa AbhyaMtara tapa kA sAdhana haiN| 1. m A mU. gA. 1472, 1473 2. cA. sA. 59 3. ta. vA. 9/19/18 4. ta. vA. 9/19/20 5. ni. sA. ta vR6/15 6. sa si 9/19 7. sa. si. 920

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160 / jaina dharma aura darzana bAhya tapa anazana : 'azana' kA artha hotA hai 'bhojn'| bhojana kA tyAga karanA 'anazana' tapa kahalAtA hai| yaha sImita samaya ke liye bhI hotA hai tathA yAvajjIvana bhii| anazana se bhUkha para vijaya hotI hai| bhUkha ko jItanA aura mana para nigraha karanA anazana tapa hai| anazana se zArIrika zuddhi bhI hotI hai| yaha zarIra kA sabase bar3A cikitsaka hai| kahA bhI hai laMghanaMparamauSadham / anazana ko upavAsa bhI kahate haiM / 'upavAsa' kA artha hotA hai-'upa' yAnI 'pAsa'; 'vAsa' kA artha hai baitthnaa| apane karIba Ane ko upavAsa kahate haiN| akele bhojana choDanA upavAsa nahIM khlaataa| bhojana ke sAtha-sAtha viSaya-vikAroM kA tyAga kara, mana para niyaMtraNa karanA hI upavAsa hai / manonigraha ke abhAva meM kiyA gayA upavAsa, upavAsa na hokara laMghana kahalAtA hai| dhyAna kI sAdhanA meM upavAsa bahuta Avazyaka hai| Unodara : 'Ula' kA artha hai 'kama', 'udara' arthAt peTa arthAt bhojana karate samaya bhUkha se kama khAnA / peTa ko apUrNa rakhanA Unodara tapa hai| adhika khAne se mastiSka para rakta kA dabAva bar3ha jAtA hai| pariNAmataH spharti kama ho jAtI hai aura nIMda Ane lagatI hai| isake atirikta adhika khAne se vAyu-vikAra Adi aneka prakAra ke roga ho jAte haiN| unodara tapa bahuta upayogI hai| isase brahmacarya kI siddhi bhI hotI hai tathA yaha nidrA vijaya kA sAdhana hai| bhUkha se kama khAnA hI Unodara hai, ise avamaudarya bhI kahate haiN| vRtti-parisaMkhyAna : jaba muni bhikSA ke liye nikale to gharoM kA niyama karanA ki maiM AhAra ke lie itane ghara jAU~gA athavA isa rIti se AhAra milegA to lU~gA anyathA nhiiN| ise vatti-parisaMkhyAna tapa kahate haiN| yaha tapa bhojana ke prati AzA kI nivRtti ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| rasa-parityAga : 'rasa' kA artha hai 'prIti baDhAne vAlA' / "rasa prItivivardhanam"-rasa bhojana meM prIti baDhAtA hai / ghI, dUdha, tela, dahI, mIThA aura namaka-ina chaha prakAra ke rasoM ke saMyoga se bhojana svAdiSTa hotA hai tathA adhika khAyA jAtA hai| inake abhAva meM bhojana nIrasa ho jAtA hai| indriya para vijaya pAne ke liye inameM se kisI eka.do yA sabhI kA tyAga karanA rasa-parityAga tapa hai|' vivikta-zayyAsana : brahmacarya, dhyAna, svAdhyAya Adi kI siddhi ke lie ekAnta sthAna para zayana karanA tathA Asana lagAnA vivikta-zayyAsana tapa hai| kAyakleza-kAyakleza' kA artha hotA hai zArIrika kaSToM/bAdhAoM ko sahana 1 svaya bhU khota 83 2 kaSAya viSayAhAra tyAgo yatra vidhIyate upavAso sa vijJeyo zeSa laghana ka vidu (kA anu para uddhRta pR 33) 3 tavA 9/19/3 4 tavA 9/19/4 5ta vA 9/19/5 6 tavA 91912

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karma mukti ke upAya : (saMvara-nirjarA) / 161 karanA / sukha se prApta huA jJAna pratikUlatA meM naSTa ho jAtA hai, ata. sAdhaka ko kaSTa-sahiSNu honA caahie| isI uddezya se zArIrika mamatva ko kama karane ke liye tathA tajjanya kaSTa sahane ke lie aura dharma kI prabhAvanA ke lie aneka prakAra ke AsanoM dvArA khar3e rahanA, baiThanA, dhyAna lagAnA Adi kAyakleza tapa hai| ye chahoM tapa bAhya vastu kI apekSA tathA dUsaroM dvArA pratyakSa hone ke kAraNa bAhya tapa hai| abhyantara tapa prAyazcita kiye gae aparAdhoM ke zodhana ko prAyazcita kahate haiN| 'prAya:' kA artha 'aparAdha' hai aura 'citta' kA artha hotA hai 'shodhn'| aparAdhoM ke zodhana kI prakriyA ko prAyazcita kahate haiN| 'prAyazcita' zabda kI vyutpatti karate hue, kahA gayA hai ki jisake dvArA pApa kA chedana ho vaha prAyazcita hai| yaha eka aisA tapa hai, jisameM apane ajJAna va pramAdavaza huI bhUloM kA ahasAsa hote hI sAdhaka kA mana pazcAtApa se bhara jAtA hai tathA vaha nizchala bhAva se use apane guru ke samakSa prakaTa kara detA hai / jaise,kisI kuzala vaidya ke hAthoM dI gayI auSadhi ko rogI,apane liye hitakArI jAna,kar3avI hone para bhI bar3e utsAha se use grahaNa karatA hai,vaise hI prAyazcita se ziSya,guru dvArA pradatta alpa yA adhika daMDa ko apanA saubhAgya samajha saharSa svIkAra karatA hai| kucha loga prAyazcita ko daMDa samajhate haiN| prAyazcita daMDa nahIM hai| donoM meM aMtara hai| prAyazcita grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, daMDa diyA jAtA hai prAyazcita meM sahaja svIkRti hai, daMDa meM majabUrI / prAyazcita lene vAle kA mana pazcAttApa se bharA hotA hai, jabaki daMDa bhogane vAle ko prAyaH aparAdha-bodha bhI nahIM rahatA, yadi kadAcit hotA bhI hai to usake prati pazcAtApa nahIM hotA / prAyazcita ko lene vAlA use samajhatA hai-svayaM para guru kI kRpA tathA daMDa ko samajhA jAtA he bojh| donoM kI mAnasikatA meM mahAna aMtara hai| ataHdonoM eka nahIM kahe jA skte| prAyazcita-tapa se doSoM kA nAza hotA hai tathA bhAvoM kI vizuddhi hotI hai| prAyazcita vahI letA hai, jisakA mana sarala hotA hai| vinaya : pUjya-puruSoM evaM mokSa ke sAdhakoM ke prati hArdika Adara-bhAva vinaya hai|' vinaya kI vyutpattiparaka artha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki "vilayaM nayati karmamalamiti vinayaH" arthAt jo karma mala ko dUra kara de, vaha vinaya hai| isalie vinaya ko 'mokSa kA dvAra' kaha gayA hai| mo.pA. 62 1 adukkha bhAvida NANa duhe jAde viNasmadi tamhA bahA bala joI bhAvaha dukkhassa bhAvaNA 2ta vA 9/19/14 3 tavA 922/1 4 pAva chidaI jamhA pAyacchita tu maNNaI teNa A ni 1503 5 sarvA si 9120/439 6 bhaga ArA vijayo 300/51121 7 amUcA 386ba bhAga AmU 129

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162 / jaina dharma aura darzana vaiyAvRtya : guNoM ke anurAga pUrvaka saMyamIjanoM ke kheda ko dUra karanA, hAtha-pAMva dabAnA tathA aura bhI jo kucha upakAra karanA hai, vaha vaiyAvRtya kahalAtA hai / bAla, vRddha, yuvA, tapasvI Adi sAdhuoM ke hAtha-pAMva dabAkara, tela mardana kara, AvazyakatAnusAra yogya auSadhi dekara, lagAkara unakI yAtrA, svAdhyAya, aura tapasyAjanya zrama ke kheda ko dUra karanA vaiyAvRtya hai| vaiyAvRtya kA bahuta mahattva hai| isake karane se samAdhi-dhAraNa, glAni para vijaya tathA paraspara vAtsalya evaM sanAthatA prakaTa hotI hai| AcArya zrI kuMda-kuMda ne vaiyAvRtya ko jina-bhaktiparaka batAte hue, apanI zakti ke anusAra sadAkAla karane kI preraNA dI hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kahA gayA hai ki "samartha hote hue bhI jo vaiyAvRtti nahIM karatA, vaha dharma-bhraSTa hai|" jinAjJA kA bhaMga, zAstra kathita dharma kA nAza athavA sAdhu-varga kA va Agama kA tyAga aise mahAdoSa vaiyAvRtti na karane se utpanna hote haiN| svAdhyAya: Alasya ke tyAga aura jJAna kI ArAdhanA ko svAdhyAya kahate haiN| vAcanA, pRcchanA, anuprekSA, AmnAya aura dharmopadeza ye pAMca svAdhyAya ke bheda haiN|' graMthoM kA artha sahita par3hanA/par3hAnA bAMcanA hai| saMzaya ke nivAraNArtha tathA artha ke nizcaya ke lie jJAnIjanoM se prazna karanA 'pRcchanA' hai| par3he hue artha kA bAra-bAra vicAra karanA 'anuprekSA' hai| zuddhatApUrvaka pATha karanA 'AmnAya' hai| dharma kA upadeza karanA dharmopadeza svAdhyAya karane se jJAna bar3hatA hai, vairAgya bar3hatA hai evaM tapa meM vRddhi hotI hai| mana ko sthira rakhane kA svAdhyAya se sarala upAya aura koI nahIM hai| isIlie kahA gayA hai ki svAdhyAya se bar3A koI tapa nahIM hai| vyutsarga-ahakAra aura mamakAra kA tyAga karanA vyutsarga tapa hai| isake do bheda haiM bAhya upadhi tyAga aura abhyaMtara upadhi tyaag|' AtmA se pRthak dhana-dhAnyAdi ke prati mamatA kA tyAga karanA bAhya upadhi tyAga hai tathA rAgAdika vikArI bhAvoM kA tyAga abhyaMtara upadhi tyAga hai| kucha samaya ke lie athavA jIvana paryata ke lie zarIra ke mamattva ko tyAganA abhyaMtara upadhi tyAga hai| isake karane se nirbhayatA aura ni:saMgatA AtI hai| mana halkA hotA hai tathA AzA-tRSNA para vijaya hotI hai| dhyAna-mana kI ekAgratA ko dhyAna kahate haiN| citta kA kisI eka viSaya ko lekara usameM lIna honA dhyAna hai| hamAre citta kA yaha svabhAva hai ki vaha sAmAnyataH hara samaya kucha na kucha dhyAna kiyA karatA hai| bhale hI vaha zubha ho athavA azubha, isI dRSTi se dhyAna ke 1 bhAva prAbhRta 103 2 raka vA mU pR 142 3 ziSyAdhyApana vAcanA dha pu 97252 4 tU sU 925 5 Navi atvi naviya hohidi saJjhAya sama tavo kamma / bhaga A-107 6 sarvA si 9720 7 tavA 9126/3-4-5 8 vahI 9 tavA 926/34-5

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karma mukti ke upAya -savara-nirjarA) / 163 prazasta aura aprazasta,ye do bheda kiye gaye hai| ArtadhyAna-Arta aura raudra dhyAna aprazasta dhyAna haiN| Arta kA artha hotA hai 'pIDA', dakha' / iSTa kI prApti ke lie, usake sayoga ke lie, aniSTa ke parihAra ke lie, zarIrAdi se utpanna vedanA ke pratikAra ke lie tathA tRSNAvaza AgAmI bhavo me bhogo kI prApti ke lie jo vikalatA hotI hai use ArttadhyAna kahate hai| ukta cAra nimitto kI apekSA isake cAra bheda ho jAte haiN| raudra dhyAna-'rudra' kA artha hotA hai 'kruur'| jo dhyAna krUra-pariNAmo se hotA hai, use raudra dhyAna kahate haiN| raudra dhyAna kA mUla AdhAra krUratA hai| ata krUratA ke janaka hisA, jhUTha, corI aura viSaya-sarakSaNa ke nimitta me raudra dhyAna ke bhI cAra bheda ho jAte hai-hisAnandi, mRSAnandi, cauryAnandi aura viSaya sarakSaNAnandi (parigrahAnandi), inakA artha inake nAmo se hI spaSTa hai| isa prakAra Arta aura raudra dhyAna binA prayatna ke hI hamAre saskAravaza calatA rahatA hai| ye donoM dhyAna hamAre durgati ke kAraNa hai| inheM mokSamArga meM koI sthAna nahI hai| na hI aise dhyAna tapa kI zreNI meM Ate haiM, apitu ye donoM tapa ke virodhI haiN| ina azubha viSayoM se citta ko haTAkara, kisI zubha viSaya me mana ko TikAnA dhyAna tapa hai| dharma-dhyAna aura zukla dhyAna prazasta dhyAna kI zreNI meM Ate hai| dharma dhyAna-pavitra vicAroM se mana kA sthira honA dharma-dhyAna hai| isameM dhArmika-citana kI mukhyatA rahatI hai / nimitto kI apekSA dharmadhyAna ke cAra bheda ho jAte hai AjJA vicaya-vItarAgI mahApuraSo kI jo dharma-sabadhI AjJAe hai, unakA vicAra karanA,unakI AjJA kA prakAzana karanA AjJA vicaya' dharma dhyAna hai| pUjana,vidhAnAdi isI dhyAna meM Ate haiN| apAya vicaya-'apAya' kA artha duHkha' hotA hai| masAra ke prANI apane ajJAna se dukhI hai| unake duHkhoM kA abhAva kesa hI, isa prakAra kA karuNApUrNa citana apAya vicaya' dharma dhyAna hai| vipAka vicaya-karma phala ke bAra ma vicAra karanA 'vipAka-vicaya' hai / masArI jIva apane-apane karmoM se pIDita hokara kaise kaise karmoM kA phala bhogate hai| sabhI ko apane-apane karmoM ke anusAra hI sukha dukha milatA rahatA hai| isa prakAra kA vicAra karanA vipAka vicaya' dharma dhyAna he| masthAna vicaya-vizva yA loka ke svarUpa kA matat citavana karate rahanA 'masthAna vicaya' dharma dhyAna hai| zukla dhyAna-mana kI atyata nirmalatA hone para, jo ekAgratA hotI hai, vaha 'zukla dhyAna' hai| zukla dhyAna ke cAra bheda kiya gaye haiN| pRthakatva-vitarka-vicAra-tInoM yogo meM pravRtta honA 'pRthakatva' hai| zruta jJAna ke Alabana ko vitarka kahate haiM tathA artha vyajana aura yogoM ke parivartana ko 'vicAra' kahate haiN| 1 ata vA 9126/10 bata vA 928/4

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164 / jaina dharma aura darzana yaha parivartana abuddhipUrvaka hotA hai / isa dhyAna meM pariNAmoM ko vizuddhi ke sAtha tInoM yogoM meM pravRtta hotA huA, zruta jJAna meM upayukta sAdhaka padArthoM ke bhinna-bhinna paryAyoM kA dhyAna karatA hai| mohanIya karma kA kSaya athavA upazama isI dhyAna kI vizuddhi kA pariNAma hai| ekatva-vitarka-avicAra-zrutajJAna ke AlaMbanapUrvaka mana, vacana aura kAya meM se kisI eka yoga meM sthira hokara, dravya ko eka hI paryAya kA ciMtana karanA ekatva-vitarka-avicAra dhyAna hai| isa dhyAna meM eka hI yoga hone ke kAraNa ekatva' rahatA hai tathA paryAyoM meM parivartana na hone ke kAraNa 'vicAra' nahIM hotaa| isalie ise ekatva vitarka avicAra kahate haiN| isI dhyAna ke bala se AtmA vItarAgI-sarvajJa banakara sadeha paramAtmA banatA hai| sUkSma-kriyA-pratipAti-vitarka aura vicAra se rahita isa dhyAna meM mana,vacana aurakAya rUpa yogoM kA nirodha ho jAtA hai / yahAM taka ki zvAsocchavAsa jaisI sUkSma-kriyA bhI isa dhyAna meM niruddha ho jAtI hai| samasta kriyAoM ke sUkSma hone se ise sUkSma-kriyA-pratipAti kahate haiN| yaha dhyAna jIvana mukta sayoga kevalI ke apanI Ayu ke aMtarmuhurta zeSa bacane para hotA hai / vyuparata kriyA nivRtti-vitarka aura vicAra se rahita hotA huA yaha dhyAna kriyA se bhI rahita ho jAtA hai| isa dhyAna meM AtmA ke samasta pradeza niSpakaMpa ho jAte haiN| ataH AtmA ayogI bana jAtA hai| isa dhyAna meM kisI prakAra kI (mAnasika, vAcanika, kAyika) kriyA nahIM hotii| yoga rUpa kriyAoM se uparata ho jAne ke kAraNa isa dhyAna kA nAma 'vyuparata kriyA' hai| isa dhyAna ke pratApa se zeSa sarva karmoM kA nAza ho jAtA hai tathA jIvAtmA deha mukta hokara apanI svAbhAvika Urdhvagati se loka ke agrabhAga meM zarIrAtIta avasthA ke sAtha sthira ho jAtA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki isI dhyAna ke bala se siddha avasthA prApta hotI hai aura duHkhoM se sadA ke lie mukti mila jAtI hai| tapa, karma-nirjarA kA mukhya sAdhana hai, isIlie ise jaina darzana meM vizeSa pratiSThA milI hai| isa para vicAra-vimarza bhI bahuta huA hai usakA sAra yaha hai ki ___ 1. tapa-pUjA, prasiddhi athavA sAMsArika lAbhoM kI dRSTi se nahIM karanA cAhie, apitu karma-kSaya ke hetu se hI karanA caahie| 2. tapa isa prakAra kA nahIM karanA cAhie, jisameM kisI aMga kA bheda ho athavA iMdriya kA khaMDana ho| 3. usI prakAra kA tapa karanA cAhie, jisase mana meM nirmalatA AtI ho tathA dhyAna svAdhyAyAdi kA vikAsa hotA ho| 4. tapa AjIvikA ke hetu athavA khedapUrvaka nahIM honA caahie| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki jaina dharma kA tapa mAtra zArIrika daMDa rUpa nahIM hai apitu usameM kAyika saMyama ke sAtha-sAtha mAnasika zuddhi ko bhI utanA hI sthAna prApta hai| (ba) ba. dha 1/344 (ba) ja. dha 1/344 1. (a) dha pu. 13 pR. 77 2. (a) dha pu. 13 pR. 79 3. bhaga A. ma. 1886 4. mU.cA. 5/208 5.ba. da sa. TI. 48

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karma mukti ke upAya : (saMvara- nirjarA) / 165 jaina tapazcaryA zarIra aura mana donoM kI zuddhi dvArA AtmA kA nirmala svabhAva prakaTa karane vAlI hai| use mAtra zArIrika daMDa nahIM kahA jA sakatA / isa prakAra saMvara aura nirjarA ke sAdhanoM ko apanAtA huA sAdhaka apanA kramonnata vikAsa karate hue mukti ke sopAnoM para caDhatA hai| saMvara aura nirjarA hI mokSamArga meM parama upAdeya haiM / jainadharma aura mUrti pUjA / jainadharma meM mUrti pUjA kI avadhAraNA paurANika kAla se hI calI A rahI hai siMdhu ghATI se prApta mRNa mudrAoM meM utkIrNa kAyotsarga mudrAeM bhI usakI sAkSI hai| sAhityika abhilekhoM ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra kI caMdana kASTa nirmita jIvantasvAmI kI pratimA kA pracalana tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke yuga meM hI ho gayA thaa| samrATa khAravela dvArA utkIrNIta udayagiri kA hAthI guphA vAlA zilAlekha jaina samAja meM pracalita mUrti pUjA kA AkATya udAharaNa hai| ukta abhilekha meM samrATa khAravela dvArA magadharAja 'puSyamitra' ko parAjita kara 'kaliMgajina' ke nAma se khyAti usa jaina mUrti ke lauTAkara lAne kA ullekha hai jise magadhadhipati naMda ne (I. pU. 424) meM le gayA thaa| isa abhilekha se jaina mUrti pUjA kI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai / isake atirikta paTanA ke pAsa 'lohAnIpura se prApta zirovihIna mauryakAlIna pratimA bhI jaina paraMparA meM mUrti pUjA kI prAcInatA kA udAharaNa hai / isa mUrti kA vizleSaNa karate hue mahAna purAtatvavid zrI ' amalAnaMda ghoSa' ne likhA hai " lohAnIpura se prApta mauryayugIna tIrthaMkara pratimAeM yaha sUcita karatI hai ki isa bAta kI sarvAdhika sabhAvanA hai ki jaina dharma meM pUjA hetu pratimAoM ke nirmANa meM bauddha aura brAhmaNa dharma se Age thaa| bauddha aura brAhmaNa dharma se saMbaMdhita itanI prAcIna pratimAeM abhI taka prApta nahIM huI haiN| jinakI zailI para 'lohAnIpura' kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa kI gaI haiN| " 1 1. jaina kalA eva sthApatya khaDa-1, pR 4

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mokSa AtmA kI parama avasthA mokSa kA svarUpa mokSa kA artha abhAva nahIM mukti ke bAda urdhvagamana meM hetu punarAgamana nahIM avatAravAda asaMgata saMsAra khAlI nahIM hogA muktAtmA kA AkAra mokSa kA sukha anya darzanoM meM mokSa

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mokSa AtmA kI parama avasthA mokSasvarUpa sAta tattvoM meM mokSa atima tattva hai| jIva kA parama lakSya mokSa hai / sabhI AtmavAdI bhAratIya darzanoM ne ise svIkArA hai| isake bAvajUda usake svarUpa aura sAdhanoM ke sabadha me una sabake apane-apane mata haiN| isa adhyAya meM hama jaina darzana mAnya mokSa ke svarUpa aura sAdhanoM ke sAtha-sAtha itara darzanoM meM ullikhita / yA varNita mokSa ke sabadha me bhI sakSipta carcA kreNge| mokSa kA svarUpa badhana se mukti ko mokSa kahate haiN| 'mokSa' kA artha hai 'mukta honA' / sasArI AtmA karmoM se badha yukta hotA hai / ata AtmA aura karma-badha kA alaga-alaga ho jAnA hI mokSa hai / 'mokSa' zabda saMskRta ke 'mokSa- Asane' dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha hotA hai 'chUTanA' yA 'naSTa honA' / ata samasta karmoM kA jIvAtmA se AtyAntika rUpa se pRthak honA, samUla uccheda honA mokSa hai|' 'Atyantika kSaya' kA artha hai, jahA naye karmoM ke Agamana kI koI sabhAvanA na ho aura purAtana karmoM kA pUrNatayA nAza huA ho| savara dvArA navIna karmoM kA Agamana rokane tathA niratara calane vAlI nirjarA se, yaha sthiti utpanna hotI hai| isI ko parilakSita karate hue AcArya zrI 'umA svAmI' ne mokSa kA lakSaNa karate hue kahA hai - " badhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyA kRtsnakarmavipramokSo mokSa " 2 arthAt badha ke hetuoM ke abhAva aura nirjarA dvArA samasta karmoM kA AtmA me Atyantika kSaya honA yA alaga honA hI mokSa hai / hamArI sAdhanA kA pramukha uddezya mokSa hI hai / isIlie jaina darzana meM mukta jIvoM ko 'siddha' kahA gayA hai, kyoMki unhoMne apane mamasta karmoM kA kSaya karake apane sAdhya ko siddha kara liyA hai| karmoM ke badhana ke kAraNa hI jIvAtmA dukhI hotA hai| karmoM ke naSTa ho jAne para vaha zuddha-buddha- nirajana ho jAtA hai| usameM aneka alaukika guNoM kI upalabdhi ho jAtI hai / badhana mukta pakSiyoM ke svataMtra vicaraNa kI taraha unmukta Anada eva anupama sukha kA anubhava karatA hai| Anada bhI kaisA - ciratana, zAsvata, kabhI na naSTa hone vAlA / 1 ta. vA. 1/1/37 pR 29 2 ta. sU. 10/2

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170 / jaina dharma aura darzana mokSa kA artha abhAva nahIM bauddha dArzanika 'mokSa' kA artha 'AtmA kA abhAva' mAnate haiN| unakA mAnanA hai ki jaise dIpaka ke bujhane se dIpaka kA abhAva ho jAtA hai, vaise hI karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne se, nirvANa meM citta-saMtati kA vinAza ho jAtA hai| ataH mokSa meM AtmA kA astitva nahIM hotA hai| jaina darzana kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki sat kA kabhI vinAza nahIM hotA, tathA asat kI kabhI utpatti nahIM hotI hai| bauddhoM ke uparyukta mata kI mImAMsA karate hue AcArya 'samaMta bhadra' mahArAja ne kahA hai ki dIpaka ke bujha jAne se dIpaka kA abhAva nahIM hotA, apitu usake prakAza rUpa paramANu hI aMdhakAra rUpa pariNata ho jAte haiN| usI prakAra mokSa kA artha bhI AtmA kA vinAza nahI hotA, karmoM kA kSaya hote hI jIvAtmA apanI svAbhAvika avasthA meM pariNata ho jAtI hai| vastutaH jIva apane rAgadveSAdika vaibhAvika-bhAva ke kAraNa hI saMsArI hokara duHkhI hotA hai| AtmA kA rAga-dveSAdika bhAvoM se mukta honA hI mukti hai| AcArya 'kamalazIla' ne saMsAra aura mokSa ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki "rAgAdi-kleza aura vAsanAmaya-citta ko sasAra kahate haiM / citta kA rAgAdi kleza aura vAsanAmaya saMsAra se mukta ho jAnA hI mukti hai| ata mukti kA artha jIva kA abhAva na hokara rAgAdi klezoM se mukti hai| roga kI nivRtti hone kA artha Arogya kA lAbha hai; na ki rogI kI nivRtti / ataH mukti kA artha jIva kA abhAva kisI bhI artha meM nahIM ho sktaa| jaina darzana meM AtmA kI svAbhAvika avasthA kI upalabdhi ko hI mukti kahA gayA hai| vastutaH samasta karmoM ke kSaya se hone vAlA Atma-lAbha hI mukti hai| kahA bhI hai AtmalAbhaM vidumokSaMjIvasyAntarmalakSayAt nAbhAvaM nApyacaitanyaM na caitnymnrthkm| mukti ke bAda Urdhvagamana meM hetu karma mukta hote hI jIva kA zarIra kapUra kI taraha jalakara ur3a jAtA hai tathA jIvAtmA apanI svAbhAvika Urdhvagati ke kAraNa loka ke zikhara para virAjamAna ho jAtA hai / karmoM kA kSaya aura jIva kA lokAMta-gamana donoM sAtha-sAtha hote haiN| jIva ke Urdhvagati meM AcArya 'umA svAmI' ne cAra hetu diye haiM--pUrvaprayogAdasaMgatvAbaMdhacchedAttathAgatipariNAmacca / AviddhakulAlacakravavyapagatlepAlAmbuvaderaNDa bIjavat agni zikhAvacca / ' 1 bhAratIya darzana pro harendra prasAda, pR 127 2 bhAvassa Natvi NAso patthi abhAvassa ceva uppaado|-pkaa-15 3 vAsato janma sato na nAzo dIpastama pudgala bhAvator3asti |-svy bhUstrota-24 4 cittamevahi sasAro rAgAdikleza vaasitm| tadeva te vinirmukta bhavAnta itikathyate // ta sa pajikA pR 104 5 siTi vinizcaya pR 485 6 ta.sU. 10/6-7

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mokSa AtmA kI parama avasthA / 171 1. pUrva prayoga (kumhAra ke cAka kI taraha) jaise agni kumhAra ke dvArA ghumAyA huA cAka, DaDe ke abhAva meM apane pUrva saskAravaza ghUmatA rahatA hai, vaise hI jIvAtmA dvArA cetanA ke UrdhvArohaNa ke lie kie gae dhyAnAdi puruSArthajanya (prayogajanya) saskAravaza jIvAtmA Urdhvagamana karatA hai| ata pUrva saskAra bhI jIva ke Urdhvagamana me eka kAraNa hai| 2. asaga hone se jisa prakAra miTTI se lipta tumbI, miTTI ke bhAra ke kAraNa,pAnI me DUbI rahatI hai aura jaba vaha miTTI pAnI meM galakara ghula jAtI hai, taba vaha Upara uTha jAtI hai / vaise hI karma lepa se lipta jIvAtmA sasAra meM DUbA rahatA hai, karmoM ke bhAra se mukta hote hI Urdhvagati kara letA hai| ata asagatva Urdhvagati kA dUsarA hetu hai| 3. badhana TUTane se jisa prakAra adhomukhI eraDa kA phala jaba pakakara phaTatA hai to usakA bIja nIce kI ora na Akara,ucaTakara, sIdhe,Upara kI ora jAtA hai, usI prakAra karma badha ke TUTane se muktAtmA bhI sIdhe Upara kI ora jAte haiM, vaha tiryak yA adhogati me nahI jaate| 4. vaisA svabhAva hone se-jaise nirvAta agni kI zikhA Upara kI ora hI uThatI hai usI prakAra karma rahita jIvAtmA bhI svabhAva se hI Urdhvagamana karatA hai| karmarUpI vAyu se pratADita hote rahane ke kAraNa hI vaha idhara-udhara bhaTakatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba taka karma jIva kI svAbhAvika zakti ko roke rakhatA hai, taba taka vaha pUrNatayA Urdhvagamana nahIM kara pAtA hai| svAbhAvika zakti ke avarodhaka karmoM ke naSTa ho jAne para,jIvAtmA Urdhvagamana kara loka ke zikhara para tilaka kI taraha virAjamAna ho jAtA haiN| punarAgamana nahI Urdhvagati hone ke bAda jIvAtmA kA kisI bhI paristhiti meM punarAgamana nahI hotaa| jisa prakAra bIja ko jalA dene para vaha akarita nahI hotA.usakI punarutpatti nahI hotI,usI prakAra rAga dveSa ke abhAva ho jAne para maktAtmAoM kA sasAra meM panarAgamana nahI hotaa|' rAga dveSa hI sasAra meM utpatti ke bIja haiN| kAraNa ke binA kArya nahI hotaa| isI dRSTi se jaina darzana meM avatAravAda ko nahI svIkArA gayA hai| avatAravAda asaMgata kucha dArzanika, jIvAtmA ke mukta ho jAne ke bAda, unakA sasAra meM punarAgamana mAnate haiM / unake matAnusAra jaba-jaba dharatI para dharma kA nAza hotA hai, adharma baDhatA hai, to aisI AtmAe dharma kA prasthApana karane ke lie sasAra meM avatarita hotI haiN| ukta bAta tarkasagata pratIta nahI hotI, kyoMki eka bAra mukta ho jAne ke bAda puna sasAra meM Ane 1 tavA 1012/3 para ur3ata 2 (a) yadA yadA hi dharmasya galAni bhavati bhArata / adhyuSAnamadharmasya tadAtmAnA sRjAmyaha // mahAbhArata (ba) i. sa TI 14

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172 / jaina dharma aura darzana kA koI kAraNa nahIM bntaa| yadi banatA hai to phira mukta hone kA koI artha nahIM hai; kyoMki mukti to pUrNatA kA nAma hai| saMsAra meM lauTanA apUrNatA kI nizAnI hai / akasmAt koI kArya nahIM hotA hai| yadi akasmAt hI unakA punarAgamana hotA hai taba to kisI jIva ko kabhI bhI mokSa ho hI nahIM sakatA, kyoMki mukti ho jAne ke bAda bhI akAraNa hI usakA punaH Agamana ho jaaegaa| 1 jaina darzana meM jIva ko dUdha meM ghI kI taraha mAnA gayA hai| jisa prakAra mathane / bhAne Adi kriyA vizeSoM se eka bAra dUdha se ghI ko alaga kara lene para ghI punaH dUdha rUpa nahIM hotA, na hI vaha dUdha meM milatA hai, apitu dUdha meM milane para bhI vaha usa para tairatA rahatA hai, usI prakAra jIvAtmA bhI eka bAra zuddha ho jAne ke bAda punaH azuddha nahIM hotA, na hI vaha dubArA saMsAra meM lauTatA hai| balki loka ke zikhara para virAjamAna ho jAtA hai| ataH avatAravAda ko mAnane kA koI prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai| jaina darzana meM isIlie avatAravAda ko sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai| vastutaH jaina darzana avatAravAdI na hokara uttAravAdI hai, jo samasta prANiyoM ko saMsAra sAgara se pAra utarane kA mArga prazasta karatA hai 1 isake atirikta muktAtmAoM ke punarAgamana nahIM hone meM eka dUsarA vaijJAnika kAraNa bhI hai, vaha hai- 'gurutva kA abhAva / gurutva svabhAva vAle paudgalika padArtha hI Upara se nIce girate haiM, muktAtmAoM meM yaha nahIM hotA hai / saMsArI AtmA-karma-pudgaloM ke saMyoga se gurutva rUpa ho jAtI hai / muktAtmAoM meM usakA abhAva ho jAtA hai| ataH per3a se TUTane vAle phala ke Tapakane kI taraha muktAtmAoM kI mokSa se cyuti nahIM hotI hai aura na hI pAnI bhara jAne se jahAja kI taraha DUbanA hotA hai / 2 saMsAra khAlI nahIM hogA yahAM hamAre mana meM yaha prazna uTha sakatA hai ki jaba muktajIvoM kA punarAgamana nahIM hotA aura saMsArI jIva sImita haiM, to phira jIvoM ke niraMtara mukta hota rahane se eka dina aisA bhI A sakatA hai jabaki pUrA saMsAra khAlI ho jAe ? ukta prazna ke lie bhI koI avakAza nahIM hai / kyoMki jIvoM kI rAzi anaMta hai / anata kA artha vaha rAzi hai jo Ayarahita vyaya hote rahane ke bAda bhI avyaya ho arthAt jyoM kI tyoM banI rahe / jisa prakAra bhaviSyata kAla prati samaya ghaTa rahA hai phira bhI vaha anaMta hI hai, usakI rAzi meM koI nyUnatA nahIM AtI hai| jaba bhI bhaviSya kAla kI parigaNanA kI jAtI hai vaha anaMta hI rahatA hai / yadyapi vaha pratikSaNa kSINa ho rahA hai| usI prakAra niraMtara mukta hote rahane se yadyapi jIva rAzi meM nyUnatA AtI hai phira bhI usa rAzi kA kabhI bhI aMta nahIM hotA / parimita vastu hI ghaTatI-bar3hatI hai tathA usI kA aMta saMbhava hai| aparimita vastu meM 1. ta. vA. 10/4/6 pR. 704 2. ta. vA. 10/8 pR. 704 3. dha. pu. 4, pR. 235

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mokSa AtmA ko parama avasthA / 173 nyUnAdhikatA tathA sarvathA vinAza hone kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| jIva rAzi anaMta hai, ataH unake mukta hote rahane para bhI sasAra ke khAlI hone kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa|' muktAtmA kA AkAra kucha bhAratIya dArzanika muktAtmA ko nirAkAra arthAt AkRti zUnya mAnate haiN| jaina darzana unake ukta mata se sahamata nahIM hai| jaina darzana meM AtmA ko nirAkAra mAnate hue bhI usa AkRti zUnya nahIM mAnA gayA hai| iMdriyoM se dikhAI nahIM par3ane ke kAraNa hI muktAtmA ko jaina darzana meM nirAkAra kahA gayA hai| isalie jaina darzana meM jIva nirAkAra hote hue bhI AkRti-zUnya nahIM hai|' isa dRSTi se mukta-jIvoM kA AkAra mukta hue zarIra se kucha kama hotA hai| mukna jIva ke aMtima zarIra se kucha kama hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki nAka, kAna, nAkhana Adika aMgopAMga khokhale hote haiN| arthAta unameM Atma-pradeza nahIM hote| kahA bhI haiM-mukta zarIra ke kucha khokhale aMgoM meM Atma pradeza nahIM hote| muktAtmA chidrarahita hone ke kAraNa apane pahale ke zarIra se kucha kama (lagabhaga 1/3 kama), momarahita mAMce ke bIca ke AkAra ke athavA chAyA ke pratibiba (parachAI) kI taraha AkAra vAle hote haiN| isalie jaina darzana me jIvAtmA ko kathacita nirAkAra aura kacit sAkAra kahA gayA hai| mokSa kA sukha nyAya-vaizeSika dArzanika siddhoM meM sukha kA abhAva mAnate hai| unake anusAra buddhi, icchA, makha.da'khAdika Atmika gaNoM kA abhAva ho jAnA hI makti hai| ve sirpha duHkhAbhAva ko hI mukta jIvoM kA sukha mAnate haiN| isa prakAra to mukta jIva bhI pASANa kI taraha sukha ke anubhava se rahita ho jaaeNge| middhoM kA mukha isa prakAra kA nahIM hotA hai kyoMki isa prakAra ke sarvavinAzI nirarthaka mokSa ke lie mokSArthI-tapazcaraNa, yoga,mAdhanA, mamAdhi Adi kArya kyoM karegA? isI se khinna hokara kucha logoM ne vaizeSikoM ke mokSa kA upahAsa karate hue kahA hai-"gautama RSi vaizeSikoM kI mukti kI apekSA vRdAvana meM siyAra hokara rahanA acchA samajhate haiN|"6 jaina darzana mAnya muktAtmAoM kA sukha mAtra dukhAbhAva rUpa hI nahIM hotA, apitu muktAtmAoM kA mukha, atizaya rUpa AtmA se utpanna huA, viSayoM me atIta anupama, 1 5 sa TI gA 51 2 kicUNA caramadehado middhA / dra sa gA 51 aura bhI dekheM ni pa 9/10 3 mA si 10/4 pR 371 4 (a) kicUNA caramadehado siddhaa| dra sa 14 (ba) vahI, dra sa TI gA 14 5 , ma TI 37 6 vara vRdAvane ramye kroSTRtvamavivAcchitam / na tu vaizeSikI mukti gautamo gantumicchati // syAvAda majarI, pR 63

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174 / jaina dharma aura darzana anaMta aura vicchedarahita hotA hai| saMsAra ke sukha, viSayoM kI pUrti, vedanA kA abhAva aura puNya karmoM ke iSTa phala-rUpa hai| jabaki mokSa-sukha karma kleza ke kSaya se utpanna parama sukharUpa hai| sAre loka meM aisA koI padArtha nahIM hai, jisakI upamA siddhoM ke sukha ke lie dI jA sake, vaha sukha anupama hai| saMsArI jIvoM kA sukha iMdriyAdhIna hone ke sAtha bAdhA-sahita hai jabaki siddhoM kA sukha-atIndriya aura bAdhArahita hai| unake usa sukha ko avyAbAdha-sukha kahate haiN| (koI-koI siddhoM ke sukha ko suSuptAvasthA ke samAna mAnate haiN| para unakI yaha mAnyatA ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki unameM sukhAnubhava rUpa kriyA hotI hai, jabaki suSuptAvasthA zrama, klama, mada, vyAdhi Adi nimittoM se utpanna hotI hai, aura vaha moha vikAra rUpa hai| anya darzanoM meM mokSa jaina darzana meM nirUpita mokSa ke svarUpa ko hamane smjhaa| Aie, aba eka dRSTi itara darzanoM meM mAnya mokSa para bhI DAla leN| 1. bauddha : bauddha-darzana meM dIpaka ke bujhane kI taraha, citta saMtati ke abhAva ko mokSa mAnA gayA hai| isase ucchedavAda kA prasaMga AtA hai / 2. nyAya vaizeSika : nyAya vaizeSika ke anusAra sukha-duHkha,cetanA Adi sabhI AtmA ke AgaMtuka guNa haiN| muktAtmAoM ke zarIra viccheda ke sAtha-sAtha AgaMtuka guNoM kA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai| unakA mAnanA hai ki suSaptAvasthA jisa prakAra sukha-duHkha se rahita avasthA hotI hai, usI prakAra mokSAvasthA meM bhI AtmA sukha-duHkha se atIta hotA hai| nIMda kI avasthA kAlpanika hotI hai paraMtu mokSAvasthA sthAyI hotI hai| 3. sAMkhya : sAMkhya-darzana ke anusAra mUla prakRti ke nivRtta ho jAne para puruSa aikAntika aura Atyantika rUpa se kaivalya kI prApti kara letA hai| isa prakAra prakRti se nivRtta honA hI mokSa hai| mokSa kI avasthA meM AtmA ko AnaMda kI anubhUti nahIM hotI kyoMki ve puruSa ko svabhAvataH mukta aura triguNAtIta mAnate haiN|' 4. mImAMsA : mImAMsA darzana ke anusAra caitanya rahita avasthA hI AtmA kI svAbhAvika avasthA hai, isa dRSTi se mokSa sukha-duHkha se pare hai| isa avasthA meM na caitanya rahatA hai,na hI aanNd| 5. advaita-vedAMta : nyAya vaizeSika aura mImAMsA darzanoM ke viparIta advaita-vedAMta meM 1 tA. vA 10/9/14 para ur3ata, pR727 2. adisaya mAda samuttha visayAtIda aNovama aNata / avvucchitra ca suha suddhavajogo ya siddhANa / dha pu. ga.,46 3 vahI 4 SaDdarzana sammucaya zloka 7 5. supatasya svapna darzane kleshaabhaavaadpvrgH|-nyaay sU. 4.1.63 6 sAkhya kArikA 62 7. vahI, 111 8. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR.22

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mokSa AtmA kI parama avasthA / 175 mokSa pUrNa caitanya aura AnaMda kI avasthA hai| anAdi-avidyA se mukta hokara AtmA kA brahma meM vilIna ho jAnA hI mokSa hai / vastutaH AtmA brahma hI hai. paratu vaha ajJAna se prabhAvita hokara apane ko brahma se pRthak samajhane lagatA hai| yahI badhana hai| anAdi ajJAna kA Atyantika abhAva hI mokSa hai| 6. jaina darzana : jaina darzana meM mokSa ko bauddhoM kI taraha abhAvAtmaka nahIM mAnA gayA hai, na hI sAMkhyoM kI taraha mokSa ko AnaMdarahita mAnA gayA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika aura mImAMsaka jahAM mokSAvasthA meM caitanya guNoM kA abhAva mAnate hai, vahAM jaina darzana meM mokSa kA artha caitanya guNoM kI prApti se hai, kyoki caitanya Adi jIva ke svAbhAvika guNa haiM, unakA kabhI abhAva nahI ho sakatA hai| vedAta kI taraha jaina darzana meM AtmA kI brahmalInatA ko mokSa nahIM kahA gayA hai, balki mokSa AtmA kI pUrNa zuddha avasthA mAnI gayI hai tathA mokSa dazA meM bhI pratyeka AtmA kI svatatra sattA ko jaina darzana svIkAra karatA hai| uparokta tulanAtmaka vivecana kA sArAza yaha hai ki jaina darzana mAnya mokSa Atma-svarUpa ke lAbha kA hI nAmAMtara hai,joki karma-maloM ke kSaya se prApta hotA hai| mokSa meM bauddhoM kI taraha AtmA kA abhAva nahIM hotA, kyoMki mokSa Atma-svarUpa kI prApti hai| jJAna aura cetanatva AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa hone ke kAraNa mokSa me AtmA nyAya-vaizeSikoM kI taraha jJAna-zUnya aura acetana bhI nahIM hotaa| mokSa AtmA kI parama aura pUrNa avasthA hai| bhakta aura bhagavAna bhakta aura bhagavAna meM koI khAma atara nahI dAno hI hIga hai pharka sirpha itanA hai eka khAna meM paDA hai aura eka zAna para car3hA hai| yaha bAta sahI hai ki prabhu kI stuti karanA sUraja ko dIpaka dikhAnA hai para kyA kareM saraja kI AratI to dIpaka meM hI utArI jAtI hai| __ hama maba brahma ke aza nahI apitu hama sabameM brahma jeme aza hai| -AcArya zrI vidyAmAgara jI ke pravacanoM se 1 tattvabodha sUtra 40 2 mokSa svAtmoglabdhi |-aa. mI. basu. .40 3 sarvA si 1/1 pR2

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* * * * * mokSa ke sAdhana mokSa mArga mokSa mArga ke bheda samyak darzana samyaktva kA mahattva samyaktva kA svarUpa samyak darzana ke sAdhana samyak dRSTi kI pravRtti deva, zAstra aura guru kA svarupa tIna mUr3hatA ATha mada samyaka darzana ke aMga samyak jJAna samyaka jJAna ke bheda samyaka jJAna ke aMga * samyak cAritra

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mokSa ke sAdhana mokSa ke svarUpa kI taraha mokSa ke sAdhana ke saMbaMdha meM bhI vibhinna darzanoM meM matabheda hai| koI jJAna mAtra ko mokSa kA sAdhana mAnate haiM, to kucha dArzanika AcaraNa mAtra ko mokSa kA sAdhana batAte haiM, to kucha kevala bhakti ko saMsAra saMtaraNa kA setu samajhate haiN| jaina darzanakAra zraddhA jJAna aura AcaraNa kI samaSTi ko hI mokSa-mArga batAte haiM / "samyaka darzana jJAna cAritrANi mokssmaargH|" yaha jaina darzana kA prasiddha sUtra hai, arthAt samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra ko saMyuti hI mokSa kA mArga hai / isake viparIta mithyA darzana, mithyA jJAna aura mithyA AcaraNa saMsAra kI vRddhi kA hetu hai / samyak zabda samIcInatA kA dyotaka hai| yaha tInoM meM anugata hai / yahAM darzana kA artha zraddhA hai, tattvoM ke yathArtha svarUpa kI zraddhA ko samyak darzana kahate haiN| vAstavika bodha samyak jJAna hai tathA Atma-kalyANa ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA sadAcaraNa samyak cAritra hai| mokSa mArga zraddhA, jJAna aura AcaraNa tInoM ke yoga se hI mokSa mArga banatA hai| loka meM ratnoM kI taraha durlabha hone ke kAraNa inheM ratnatraya bhI kahate haiM, ye tInoM milakara hI mokSa mArga kahalAte haiN| pRthak-pRthak tInoM se mokSa mArga nahIM banatA na hI kinhIM do ke mela se / yadi korI zraddhA mAtra se hamArA kArya hotA to bhojana kI zraddhA mAtra se peTa bhara jAnA caahie| yadi jJAna mAtra se hI daHkha kI nivatti hotI to jala ke darzana mAtra se hI pyAsa kI tapti ho jAnI caahie| yaha saba bAteM pratyakSa viruddha hai| isI prakAra korA kriyAkAMDa bhI aMdhe puruSa ke AcaraNavat nirarthaka hai| isalie kahA gayA hai ki "akarmaNyoM kA jJAna prANahIna hai tathA avivekiyoM kI kriyA nissAra hai| zraddhAvihIna buddhi aura pravRtti saccI saphalatA pradAna nahIM kara sktii|" AcArya pUjyapAda svAmI ne ukta bAta ko eka udAharaNa dvArA spaSTa karate hue kahA hai 1. tasU. 1/1 2. raka.zrA 3 3 pa. kA gA. 107 4. vahI 5. sarvA, si 1/1, pR.4 6. vahI

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180 / jaina dharma aura darzana ki samyak darzana,samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra kI vyaSTi mokSa kA sAdhana nahIM hai| rogI kA roga davA meM vizvAsa karane mAtra se dUra na hogaa| jaba taka use davA kA jJAna na ho aura vaha cikitsaka ke anusAra AcaraNa na kare, roga jAne kA nhiiN| isI taraha davA kI jAnakArI-bhara se hI roga dUra nahIM hotA, jaba taka ki rogI usa para vizvAsa na kare aura usakA vidhivat sevana na kre| isI prakAra davA meM ruci aura usake jJAna ke binA usake sevana mAtra se bhI roga dUra nahIM ho sktaa| roga tabhI dUra ho sakatA hai jaba davA meM zraddhA ho, jAnakArI ho aura cikitsaka ke kahe anusAra usakA sevana kiyA jaae| isI prakAra samyaka darzana, jJAna aura cAritra ko samaSTi se hI mokSa kI prApti saMbhava hai|' isakI tulanA hama lakar3I ke jIne se kara sakate haiN| jisa prakAra lakar3I ke jIne meM usake donoM ora do pAye lage rahate hai tathA bIca meM eka Ar3I lakar3I lagI hotI hai,jo donoM pAyoM ko jor3e rahatI hai| donoM ora ke pAye samyaka darzana aura samyaka jJAna ke pratIka hai tathA bIca kI ADI lakar3I samyaka cAritra kI pratIka hai| jisake sahAre hama AdhyAtmika UMcAiyoM kA sparza kara pAte haiN| bIca kI lakar3I ke abhAva meM donoM ora ke pAye kucha kAma nahIM kara pAte tathA donoM pAyoM ke abhAva meM bIca kI lakar3I bhI nirarthaka siddha hotI hai| tInoM ke yoga se hI sIr3hI taiyAra ho sakatI hai| isI prakAra samyak darzana, samyaka jJAna aura samyak cAritra ke yoga se hI hamArA mokSa mArga banatA hai| zraddhA jJAna aura AcaraNa kramazaH hamAre mastiSka, AMkha aura caraNa ke pratIka haiN| vyakti ko calane ke lie inakA samyak upayoga karanA par3atA hai| pairoM se hama calate haiM, AMkhoM se dekhate haiM tathA mastiSka se yaha nirNaya lete haiM ki hameM kahAM pahuMcanA hai| tabhI hama sahI cala pAte haiN| yadi hama AMkheM baMda kara calate raheM to garta meM gireNge| AMkheM khulI hoM kiMtu paira kAma nahIM de rahe hoM to hama apane ghara nahIM pahuMca skte| paira bhI sahI ho, AMkheM bhI khalI hoM para hameM yahI patA na ho ki hameM pahaMcanA kahAM haiM,to niraMtara gatizIla rahane ke bAda bhI hama kahIM nahIM pahuMca sakate? isI prakAra zraddhA, jJAna aura AcaraNa tInoM ke saMyoga se hI hama mokSa mArga para cala sakate haiN| mokSamArga ke bheda nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke bheda se mokSamArga do prakAra kA hai| vyavahAra pravRtti mUlaka hai tathA nizcaya nivRtti paraka / zuddha AtmasvarUpa kI zraddhA zuddhAtmA kA jJAna aura zuddha AtmasvarUpa meM lInatA rUpacAritra ko abhinna pariNati hone para nizcaya mokSamArga banatA hai / yaha parama vItarAga avasthA meM hotA hai| isase pUrva kI bhUmikA meM (sarAga dazA meM) tattvoM ke zraddhAna aura jJAnapUrvaka hone vAle AcaraNa ko vyavahAra ratnatraya kahate haiN| nizcaya sAdhya hai aura vyavahAra ko usakA sAdhana kahA gayA hai| jaise phUla ke abhAva meM phala nahIM milatA vaise hI vyavahAra ke abhAva meM nizcaya ratnatraya kI prApti nahIM hotii| phUla hI vikasita hokara phaloM meM rUpAMtarita hote haiN| 1. sarvArtha siTi2 2. nizcaya vyavahArabhyAM mokSamArgaH dvidhAsthitaH / tatrAdhyaH sAdhvarUpaHsvAvdItIyat tasya saadhnm|| -ta. sAra 912, tatvAnuzAsana 28

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mokSa ke sAdhana / 181 isalie prAthamika bhUmikA meM vyavahAra ratnatraya kA AlaMbana liyA jAtA hai / yaha vyavahAra ratnatraya hI Age calakara nizcaya meM Dhala jAtA hai| samyak darzana ina tInoM meM samyak darzana,jJAna kI utpatti sAtha-sAtha hotI hai| jaise dIpaka kA prakAza aura pratApa sAtha-sAtha hotA hai vaise hI jJAna aura darzana kI utpatti sAtha-sAtha hotI hai; kyoMki jJAna hamezA mAnyatA (zraddhA) kA anusaraNa karatA hai| hamArI jaisI mAnyatA hotI hai,jJAna usI rUpa meM Dhala jAtA hai| mAnyatA yadi mithyA hotI hai to jJAna bhI mithyA kahalAtA hai / mAnyatA ke samyak hote hI jJAna samyak ho jAtA hai / cAritra ke sAtha donoM prakAra kI saMbhAvanAeM haiM / yaha samyak darzana aura jJAna ke sAtha bhI ho sakatA hai,tathA kucha kAla bAda bhI / kitu cAritra kabhI bhI jJAna aura darzana kA sAtha nahIM chor3atA isakI utpatti kabhI bhI jJAna aura darzana ke abhAva meM nahIM hotii| samyaktva kA mahattva yadyapi samyak darzana jJAna aura cAritra ko samaSTi hI mokSamArga hai| phira bhI samyaktva kA vizeSa mahattva hai| jJAna aura cAritra meM samIcInatA samyaktava se hI AtI hai|' samyaktva kI buniyAda para hI sAdhanA kA mahala TikA hai| ise mokSa mahala kI pahalI sIr3hI kahA gayA hai| samyaktva ke Dagara para paira rakhakara hI hama ratnatraya ke mahala meM praveza kara sakate haiN| nadI ko pAra karane meM nAva aura patavAra se nAvika kA mahattva kahIM adhika hai| nAvika hI nAva ko sahI dizA meM le jAtA hai| nAvika ke binA nAva apane nirdhArita lakSya taka nahIM pahuMca sktii| usI taraha cAritra kI nAva ko jJAna kI patavAra se samyaktva khevaTiyA banakara khetA hai| isalie jJAna aura cAritra se isakI zreSThatA batAte hue ise karNadhAra kahA gayA hai|' vastutaH jaise aMka ke abhAva meM zUnya kA koI mahattva nahIM rahatA vaise hI samyaktva ke abhAva meM jJAna aura cAritra kA abhAva nahIM rahatA hai / / samyaktva kA svarUpa samyak darzana kA vibhinna dRSTiyoM se vibhinna lakSaNa batAe haiN| yathA ___1. paramArthabhUta, deva, zAstra aura guru para tIna mUr3hatA aura ATha madoM se rahita tathA ATha aMgoM se yukta hokara zraddhA krnaa| 2. tattvoM para zraddhA karanA 3. svapara kA zraddhA na karanA -ra. sA. 47 1 sarvA, si pra5 2. tava 1.1.69 3. sammaviNA saNyANaM saccAritaM Na hoINiyameNa / to rayaNattaya majjhe sammaguNukiTThimidi jiNuddiTTha // 4. darzana pAhuDa 21 5. rakabA 31 6.rakA zrA3 7. tasU22 8. mokSamArga prakAzaka

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182 / jaina dharma aura darzana 4. AtmA kA zraddhAna karanA ina lakSaNoM meM tattvArtha zraddhAna rUpa lakSaNa sabhI meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| kyoMki jIva kI zuddha avasthA hI deva hai| sacce guru to sAkSAt saMvara nirjarA kI pratimUrti haiN| zAstra ratnatraya rUpa sacce dharma kA adhiSThAna hai / saccA dharma ajIva Asrava baMdha ina tatvoM se haTakara jIva saMvara nirjarA ina tattvoM kI ora jhukane kA nAma hai| isakA phala mokSa hai| ataH sacce deva zAstra va guru kI zraddhA va sAta tattvoM kI zraddhA bAta eka hI hai| jIva-ajIva, Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ye sAta tattva haiN| jinameM jIva sva tattva hai| ajIva, Asrava aura baMdha 'para' haiM / saMvara aura nirjarA sva ke sAdhana haiN| tathA mokSa jIva kA svAbhAvika rUpa hai| ataH sva para kA zraddhAna rUpa lakSaNa bhI ina sAta tatva vAle lakSaNa meM samAhita ho jAtA hai| AtmA kA zraddhAna rUpa lakSaNa kA artha hai| AtmA ke samasta ajIva, Asrava,baMdhAdi,vaibhAvika bhAvoM se rahita avasthA kA zraddhAna karanA / usameM bhI sAta tattvoM vAlA lakSaNa garmita ho jAtA hai| samyak darzana ke sAdhana samyak darzana ke hote hI aisI bhedaka dRSTi prApta ho jAtI hai jisase tattvoM kI zraddhApUrvaka zarIra se AtmA kI pRthak mattA kA bhAna hone lagatA hai / AtmasattA kI AsthA aura svarUpa viSayaka dRr3ha nizcaya ho jAne se maiM kauna hUM,kyA hUM, kaisA hUM?, isakA pratibhAsa hone lagatA hai| jar3a-cetana kI isa pArakhI dRSTi ko bheda vijJAna bhI kahate haiM / jaba taka aisI dRSTi prApta nahIM hotI taba taka yaha jIva mithyAtvI kahalAtA hai| anAdi kAla se yaha jIva mithyAtva se grasita hai| zarIra kI utpatti se hI apanI utpatti tathA zarIra ke vinAza ko hI apanA vinAza samajhatA A rahA hai| isa dehAtma bodha ke chUTane para hI samyak darzana kA prAdurbhAva hotA ho Atmabodha kI isa prakriyA ko graMthi bheda kahate haiM jo sAMsArika pravAha meM kabhI kisI samaya para vividha kAraNoM ke milane para utpanna hotA hai| kinhIM jIvoM ko yaha akasmAt gharSaNa gholana nyAya se prApta ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra pravAha patita pASANa khaMDoM kA paraspara ghisate rahane se nAnA prakAra ke AkAra yahAM taka ki deva mUrti bana jAtI hai|) kucha jIvoM ko viziSTa nimitta ke milane se samyaka darzana kI prApti ho jAtI hai| nimna sAdhana samyak darzana prApti ke pramukha hetu|' 1. jAtismaraNa-pUrva ke janmoM kA smaraNa ho jAne se 2. vedanAnubhava tIvra duHkha saMvedana ke kAraNa 3. dharmazravaNa-nigraMtha muniyoM evaM sat zAstroM ke zravaNa se utpanna tattva bodha ke kAraNa 4. jina biMba darzana-vItarAgI nigraMtha muniyoM tathA jinabiMba ke darzana se 5. jinamahimA darzana-dharma mahotsavoM ke darzana se yaha samyak darzana ke bAhya hetu hai| samyaktva kA aMtaraMga hetu darzana mohanIya aura 1.para dravyanate bhinna Apame ruci samyaktva malA hai| 2 jIvAjIvAnava vadha savara nirbarA mokSAstattavam / 3. sarvAksiDipR. 26 -ta. sU. 14

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mokSa ke sAdhana / 183 anaMtAnubandhi kaSAya kA kSaya, upazama aura kSayopazama hai / joki moha graMthi bheda kI prakriyA dvArA saMpAdita hotI hai| samyak dRSTi kI pravRtti samyaka dRSTi viSaya bhogoM se nirlipta rahatA hai| usakI vRtti kamala ke samAna hotI hai| jaise jala ke bIca rahane vAlA kamala jala se sadA nirlipta rahatA hai usI prakAra samyaka dRSTi bhoga aura viSayoM ke madhya rahate hae bhI unake prati AMtarika Asakti nahIM rkhtaa| vaha saMsAra zarIra aura bhogoM se udAsIna rahatA huA / sacce devazAstra aura guru ko apane jIvana kA Adarza mAna unake prati saccI zraddhA rakhatA hai| sacce deva, zAstra aura guru kI upAsanA se samyaktva meM nirmalatA AtI hai / isalie samyaktva kI utpatti ke lie sacce deva,zAstra aura guru ke prati saccI zraddhA kI bAta kI jAtI hai| pratyeka mumukSu ko sacce deva,zAstra aura guru kI pahacAna kara una para saccI zraddhA rakhanI caahie| ataH unake svarUpa kA jJAna honA bhI Avazyaka hai| devazAstra aura guru kA svarUpa deva-sacce deva kI tIna vizeSatAeM haiM sarvajJatA vItarAgatA aura hitopadezitA' / ata: jinake aMdara-bAhara,rAga-dveSa aura moha kA lezAMza bhI na ho ve hI hamAre deva hai / vItarAgI hone se astra, zastra, vastra aura alaMkaraNa se rahita parama zAMta mudrA hI sacce deva kA svarUpa haiM / rAga-dveSa moha kA samUloccheda ho jAne ke kAraNa unake ajJAna kA sarvanAza ho jAtA hai| ve sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI ho jAte haiN| sarvajJa aura vItarAgI hone ke kAraNa ve jo upadeza dete haiN| vaha sabake kalyANa ke lie hotA hai / unakA upadeza kisI varga vizeSa ke lie na hokara samasta prANImAtra ke lie hotA hai| isalie unheM parama hitopadezI kahate haiM isa prakAra vItarAgatA,sarvajJatA aura hitopadezitA hI sacce deva kA svarUpa hai| ye hI tIrthakara arahanta aura paramAtmA kahalAte haiN| zAstra-Aja loka meM aneka prakAra ke zAstra pracalita haiN| alaga-alaga viSayoM ke alaga-alaga sAhitya bhaNDAra lage haiN| aba prazna uThatA hai isa vipula bhaNDAra meM kauna se zAstra haiM jo hamAre hita ke kAraNa haiM tathA jinheM satyazAstra kahA jA sake ? satya ko upalabdha vyakti dvArA racita zAstra hI sat zAstra ho sakate haiN| rAga-dveSa aura moha se grasita prANI hI asatya vANI kA prayoga karatA hai| asatyavANI hamAre lie hitakara nahIM hai| ataH rAga-dveSa se rahita vyakti dvArA racita zAstra hI sata zAstra kI koTi meM Ate haiN| isalie samyaka dRSTi Apta-vItarAgI puruSoM dvArA racita zAstra ko hI sat zAstra mAnatA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai| "vaktuH prAmANyAta vacana prAmANyama" arthAt vaktA kI prAmANikatA se vacanoM meM prAmANikatA AtI hai| kyA bolA jA rahA hai? yaha utanA mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai jitanA ki kauna bola rahA hai? yadi vaktA aprAmANika hai to vaha mizrI meM jahara kI taraha apanI mIThI vANI meM ahitakara upadeza bhI de sakatA hai / vaktA ke pramANika hone para kisI prakAra kA avizvAsa 1. ra ka. zrAvakAcAra 2. rAgAdA dekhAdA mohAdA vAkyamucyatehyanRtam yassatu naite doSA stasyAnRta kAraNa nasti 1/1/ 12 3. dha pR. 1/196

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184 / jaina dharma aura darzana nahI rahatA / ise nimna udAharaNa se samajhA jA sakatA hai - mAna lIjie Apa aise jagala meM phaMsa gae jahA koI mArga nahI sUjhatA ho| socakara nikale kisI gAva taka pahu~cane kA, para bIca meM hI bhaTaka ge| anekoM pagaDaDiyA phUTI haiN| amamajasa kI sthiti meM khaDe haiM ki kidhara cleN| tabhI dekhate haiM ki sAmane se ghuTanoM taka mailI kucailI dhotI pahane arddhanagna badana, bikhare bAlo vAlA kAlA-kalUTA bhImakAya vyakti calA A rahA hai / dekhate hI mana bhayAkrAnta ho uThatA hai| phira bhI jaise-taise sAhasa baTorakara usase pUchA bhI, to usane aisA karkaza uttara diyA mAno khAne ko hI dauDatA ho| 'rAstA bhUla gayA hai mArga nahI jAnatA thA to kyoM AyA yahA para ? tere bApa kA naukara hU kyA ? cale jA apanI dAyI ora / ' Apa hI batAyeM usake batAe mArga para Apake kadama kabhI bhI bddhege| Apa rAtri vahI bitAne ko taiyAra ho sakate haiN| magara usa vyakti ke dvArA igita dizA para eka kadama bhI calane kA sAhasa nahI kara skeNge| aba Apa nirAza khaDe haiN| tabhI dekhate hai ki sAmane se bhavya AkRti vAlA manuSya calA A rahA hai / dhotI dupaTTA pahane, hAtha meM kamaDala lie, mAthe para cadana kA tilaka lagAe makha se prabhu ke gIta gunaganAtA vaha dUra se hI koI bhadra puruSa pratIta ho rahA hai| pAsa Ane para Apane unheM namaskAra kiyA. pratyuttara meM usane bhI namaskAra kiyaa| Apake dvArA mArga pUchane para unhoMne kahA, 'baDe bhAgyavAna ho pathika,jo aba taka surakSita bace ho / yaha vana hI aisA hai| yahA~ anekoM prANI pratidina bhaTaka jAte hai| khaira, ghabarAne kI koI bAta nahI abhI dina Dhalane meM samaya zeSa hai tumhArA gAva bhI jyAdA dUra nahI / dAyI ora jAne vAlI isa pagaDaDI se nikala jaao| karIba eka mIla Age jAne para eka nAlA paDegA use pAra karake usake dAyI ora muDa jAnA karIba AdhA mIla aura caloge to tumhe kheta dikhAI paDane lgege| una kheto ke bagala se bAyI ora eka pagaDaDI jAtI hai,use pakaDakara tuma sIdhe cale jAnA,karIba eka mIla calane para tuma apane gAva pahuca jaaoge| kalpanA kIjie kyA isa vyakti kI bAta para Apako vizvAsa nahI hogA? sahaja hI Apa usakI bAta kA vizvAsa kara lege tathA use dhanyavAda jJApita karate huye Apake kadama anAyAsa usa dizA me baDha jaaege| kahI to donoM ne eka hI bAta thii| para pahale vyakti ke apramANika hone se usake vacano para vizvAsa nahI huA tathA dUsare kI pramANikatA ne sahaja hI usa para vizvAsa utpanna karA diyaa| isalie kahA gayA hai ki vaktA kI pramANikatA se vacano me pramANikatA AtI hai| satya zAstra Apta praNIta hone ke sAtha-sAtha usameM kucha aura bhI vizeSatAe hotI haiN| yathA vaha pUrvApara virodha se rahita ho| dUsaro kI yuktiyoM eva toM se usake mUlabhUta siddhAnta akhaNDanIya ho / prANI-mAtra kA hitakArI ho / prayojana bhUta bAtoM kA kathana ho tathA vaha unmArga kA nAza karane vAlA ho / tabhI vaha satya zAstra kI koTi meM A sakatA hai / isake viparIta rAgIdveSI vyaktiyoM dvArA likhe jAne vAle zAstra kazAstra kI koTi meM Ate haiN| 1 zAti patha-pradarzana 2 pUrvApara viruddhArdai vyapeto doSa sahate ghotaka. sarva bhAvAnA Apta vyaahtiraagm| dhavala pustaka 1/966

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mokSa ke sAdhana / 185 guru-guru kA mokSamArga meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| ye hamAre mArgadarzaka haiN| deva Aja hai nahIM aura zAstra mauna hai| aisI sthiti meM guru hI hamAre sahAyI hote haiN| guru ke abhAva meM hama zAstra ke rahasyoM ko bhI nahIM samajha sakate / jaise samudra kA jala khArA hotA hai hama usameM nahA bhI nahIM pAte aura na hI usase hamArI pyAsa bujhatI hai / lekina vahI jala sUrya ke pratApa se vASpIkRta hokara bAdala banakara barasatA hai to vaha mIThA aura tRptikara bana jAtA hai| hama AnaMda ke sAtha usa jala meM avagAhita hote haiN| vaise hI zAstra bhI agama samudra kI taraha hai| hama apane kSudra jJAna ke bala se usameM avagAhita nahIM ho pAte / guru apane anubhava ke pratApa se use avazoSita kara bAdala kI taraha jaba hama para barasAte haiM taba mahAn tRpti aura ahlAda utpanna hotA hai, tathA hama sahaja hI zAstroM ke marma ko samajha jAte haiM / jo preraNA hameM guruoM kI kRpA se milatI hai vaha zAstra aura deva se nahIM; kyoMki guru to jIvita deva hote haiN| zAstra aura deva pratimA to jar3a hai| mAna leM Apako kisI aparicita rAste se gujaranA par3e, to Apa ekadama sAhasa nahIM jaTA pAte / bhaya lagatA hai| patA nahIM Age yaha rAstA kaisA hai? kitanI dargama ghATiyA~ haiM? kitane nadI-nAle haiM? kitane mor3a haiM? kahIM jaMgalI jAnavaroM kA AtaMka to nahIM? cora-luTeroM kA dala to nahIM rahatA? bIca meM par3ane vAle gAMvoM ke loga patA nahIM kaise haiM? aisI aneka AzaMkAoM se mana bhayAkrAMta ho uThatA hai| rAste kA patA lagane ke bAda bhI pAMva Age nahIM bar3ha paate| saMyogataH vahIM koI ApakA cira-paricita mitra mila jAe aura vaha Apase kahe-are ! yaha rAstA to bahuta acchA hai| maiM to roja hI yahAM se AyA-jAyA karatA haiN| isake cappe-cappe se maiM paricita huuN| yahAM koI kaThinAI nahIM, sar3aka acchI hai| rAste meM par3ane vAle gAMva ke loga sabhya aura sarala haiN| Ao mere sAtha mujhe bhI udhara hI jAnA hai,maiM tumheM tumhAre ghara pahu~cA detA huuN| unakI bAta sunate hI hamAre mana kA bhaya bhAga jAtA hai tathA hamAre kadama sahaja hI usa ora bar3ha jAte haiN| yahI sthiti guru kI hai| zAstra ke mAdhyama se hama sahI mArga jAna to lete haiM lekina avarodhoM ke bhaya se usa para cala pAne kA sAhasa nahIM juTA pAte / guru kahate haiM mArga to bahuta sarala hai| mujhe dekho maiM bhI to cala rahA huuN| Ao mere sAtha / unheM dekhakara sahaja hI Age bar3hane kI preraNA milane lagatI hai| loka meM guru bhI aneka prakAra ke pAye jAte haiN| aneka dharma haiM aura anekoM dharma guru / inameM saccA guru kinako samajhA jAe? yaha bar3A hI jaTila prazna hai| laukika kSetra meM to mAtA-pitA, adhyApaka Adi guru mAne jA sakate haiM, kiMtu pAramArthika kSetra meM kinheM guru mAnA jAe, hameM yaha dekhanA hai| sacce guru kA svarUpa batAte hue AcArya zrI samanta bhadra ne kahA viSayAzAvazAtIto nirArambhoparigrahaH jJAna dhyAna taporaktaH tapasvI sa prazaste // arthAt viSaya kaSAyoM se rahita, AraMbha parigrahoM se parimukta hokara jJAna, dhyAna aura tapa meM lavalIna sAdhu hI sacce guru haiN| viSayAsakti rahitatA : yaha sacce guru kI pahalI vizeSatA hai| viSayAbhilASA,

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186 / jaina dharma aura darzana rAga-dveSa va AkulatA kI jananI hai aura pApo meM pravRtti karAne vAlI hai| pAco indriyo ke viSayoM ke AdhIna vyakti kabhI bhI matya kA sAkSAtkAra nahI kara sktaa| Atma-kalyANa ke patha para calane vAle sacce guru pacendriya vijayI hote haiN| ve pA~co indriyo ke kisI eka viSaya para bhI Asakta nahI hote / viSayAsakti to sAdhutva para kalaka hai, ata sacce guru ko pacendriya vijayI honA caahie| Arabha rahitatA Arabha kA matalaba hai naukarI, vyApAra, udyama, sevA, khetI Adi kArya jo prANiyoM ko dukha pahucAne vAlI pravRttiyA hai| ye kArya sAdhAraNa prANiyo me bhI pAe jAte hai / manuSya inhIM ke gorakha-dhadhe me phasakara duHkhI hai| ata guru, jinheM hama apanA Adarza banA rahe hai, unheM inase dUra rahanA caahie| parigraha rahitatA yaha sacce guru kI tIsarI vizeSatA hai| mamatva bhAva ko parigraha kahate hai / jinake pAsa thoDA bhI bAhya yA bhItarI padArtho ke prati mamatva ho, ve sacce guru nahI kahalA sakate, kyoki mamatva to samasta vikAro kA mUla hai| pApo me parigraha sabase bar3A pApa hai, isake hone para anya pAryoM me pravRtti avazyabhAvI hotI hai| parigraha AkulatA kA kAraNa tathA samatA va vItarAgatA kA vinAzaka hai| isalie sacce sAdha apane pAsa kacha bhI parigraha nahI rakhate / yahA naka ki ve apane zarIra para vastra kA eka choTA sA TukDA bhI nahI rkhte| ___ satat jJAnArjana zIlatA satata jJAnAbhyAsa sacce guru kI cauthI vizeSatA hai| viSaya kaSAyoM se dUra hokara jaba sAdhugaNa apane Atma dhyAna se bAhara Ate hai to sAsArika prapacoM se dUra haTa dharmazAstro meM apane citta ko ramAye rakhate hai| yahI unakI satat jJAnArjanazIlatA hai| jJAnAbhyAsa se citta me nirmalatA, samatA va vInarAgatA kI siddhi va vRddhi hotI rahatI hai| pragAr3ha dhyAnalInatA aura tapasvitA sacce guru sadA apanI AtmA ke dhyAna meM lIna rahate haiN| vaha apanI sAdhanA kI abhivRddhi ke lie zakti ke anusAra aneka prakAra kA tapa karate rahate haiN| Atma-sAdhaka guru kA tapasvI honA anivArya hai| tapa se hI AtmA meM nikhAra AtA hai| isake viparIta bhoga-vilAso me rata suvidhA bhogI nAmadhArI guru sacce guru nahI kahalA sakate / tapasvitA sacce guru kI chaThI kasauTI hai| tIna mUr3hatA isa prakAra samyak dRSTi sacce deva, zAstra aura guru ke caraNoM meM sadA samarpita rahatA hai| vaha kisI prakAra kI aisI ajJAnapUrNa pravRttiyA nahIM karatA jisakA koI artha na ho tathA jisase koI dhArmika yA sAmAjika hAni uThAnI paDatI ho| vaha eka vaijJAnika kI taraha tarka kI kasauTI para kasakara jo kucha usake Atmahita meM ho,use hI dharma buddhi se svIkAra karatA hai| loka meM calI A rahI arthahIna ruDhiyo ko vaha dhArmika mUrkhatA samajhatA hai| jaina darzana meM inheM mUDhatA kahA gayA hai aura vaha tIna prakAra kI hotI hai 1 raka zrAvakAcAra-10

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mokSa ke sAdhana / 187 1. lokamUr3hatA samyak dRSTi dUsaroM kI dekhA-dekhI meM adhazraddhA se aisA koI kArya nahIM karatA jisase AtmA kI vizuddhi nahIM hotI / "isameM snAna karane se janma-janmAntaroM ke pApa naSTa hote haiN|" isa vRddhi se vaha kabhI nadI yA sAgara me snAna nahIM karatA.kyoMki aisA hotA to sAre jalacara jIvoM kA pApa bacanA hI nahIM caahie| unhe to aba taka pUrNa niSpApa ho jAnA cAhie / dharma buddhi se parvata para car3hanA-giranA, agni kA Dhera lagAkara usa para kUdanA (alAva kUdanA) pattharoM aura bAlU kA Dhera lagAkara pUjanA tathA per3a-paudhoM kI pUjA Adi loka mUr3hatA hai / samyak dRSTi aise kArya nahIM karatA / vaha inheM 'lokamUrkhatA' samajhatA hai| 2. deva mUr3hatA : vaha kalpita, rAgI-dveSI devI-devatAo ko Izvara mAnakara unase koI varadAna nahIM mAMgatA / duHkha dUra karane ke liye kisI prakAra kI prArthanA nahIM karatA tathA dhana, vaibhava,rAjya, putrAdika ko yAcanA nahIM karatA / kyoMki usakA yaha dRDha vizvAsa rahatA hai ki saMsAra ke sAre duHkha-sukha apane-apane pApa aura puNya ke Azrita haiN| koI bhI hameM kucha de nahIM sakatA aura na hI hamArA kucha chIna sakatA hai| dUsare hameM kucha dete hai isa prakAra ke vizvAsa se kalpita devI-devatAoM kI pUjA karanA 'deva-mUr3hatA hai| 3. guru mUr3hatA-sacce guru kI parakha ho jAne ke kAraNa vaha unake atirikta vezadhArI jana-pravaMcaka aise garu ko nahIM mAnatA jo satya jJAna aura sadAcAra se dUra hai| logoM se apanI pUjA karAte haiN| dhana saMgraha karate haiM tathA Arabha parigraha me yukta rahate haiN| jhUThe AzvAsana dekara janatA ko Thagate haiM evaM mAdaka padArthoM kA sevana karate haiN| aise vyaktiyoM ko guru mAnakara vaha unakI pUjA prazaMsAdi nahIM karatA, apit patthara kI nAva kI taraha saMsAra meM DubAne vAlA samajhakara unakI upAsanA ko guru mUr3hatA/mRrkhatA samajhatA hai / ATha mada isI prakAra vaha, maiM bahuta jJAnavAna hUM, merI bahuta pratiSThA hai, merA kula UMcA hai, merI jAti ucca hai, maiM atula parAkrama kA dhanI hUM, mere pAsa vipula dhana hai, maiM mahAna tapamvI hUM tathA maiM bahuta rUpavAna haM ityAdika rUpa se ahaMkAra nahIM krtaa| ye mada kahalAte haiN| inake hone para samktva kA dama nikala jAtA hai| samyaka dRSTi ina upalabdhiyoM ko kSaNika samajhakara nAzavAna samajhatA hai / yaha samyak darzana kA khataranAka zatru hai| samyak darzana ke aMga isa prakAra sacce deva,zAstra aura guru para tIna mRr3hatA aura ATha madoM se rahita hokara zraddhA karane vAle samyak dRSTi ke svAbhAvika rUpa se ATha guNa prakaTa ho jAte haiM / jisame umakA AcaraNa nirmala bana jAtA hai| inheM samyakatva ke aMga bhI kahate haiN| jaise hamAre zarIra ke ATha aMga haiM vaise hI samyaktva ke ATha aMga haiM-niHzaMkita, nikAMkSita, nirvicikitsA, amUr3ha-dRSTi, upagUhana, sthitikaraNa.vAtsalya aura prbhaavnaa| Aie kramapUrvaka ina para vicAra kareM niHzaMkita : zaMkA kA artha hotA hai saMdeha / samyaka dRSTi niHzaMka hotA hai| use 1 raka. zrAvakAcAra-25

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188 / jaina dharma aura darzana mokSamArga para kisI bhI prakAra kI zaMkA yA saMdeha nahIM rhtaa| rahe bhI kaise? zraddhA aura zaMkA bhalA eka sAtha raha bhI kaise sakate haiM ? hama apane laukika jIvana meM bhI dekha sakate haiM, jisake prati hamAre mana meM zraddhA rahatI hai, usake prati koI saMdeha nahIM rhtaa| saMdeha utpanna hote hI zraddhA TUTane lagatI hai| samyak dRSTi ko paramArtha bhUta deva, guru tathA unake dvArA pratipAdita satya siddhAMta sanmArga aura vastu tattva para avicala zraddhA rahatI hai| vaha kisI prakAra ke laukika pralobhanoM se vicalita nahIM hotaa| yaha avicalita zraddhA hI niHzaMkita aMga yA guNa hai| ni:kAMkSita : viSaya bhogoM kI icchA ko AkAMkSA kahate haiN| samyaka dRSTi kisI prakAra kI laukika va pAralaukika AkAMkSA nahIM rkhtaa| usake mana meM iMdriya bhogoM ke prati bahumAna nahIM hotaa| vaha bAharI suvidhAoM ko kSaNika saMyogamAtra mAnatA hai| usakI yaha dRr3ha mAnyatA rahatI hai ki saMsAra ke sAre saMyoga karmoM ke AdhIna haiM, sAtha hI nAzavAna bhI haiN| pApodaya A jAne se eka hI kSaNa meM dhanavAna se nirdhana, rUpavAna se kurUpa,vidvAna se pAgala,rAjA se raMka ho sakatA hai| saMsAra meM kisI kA bhI sukha zAzvata nahIM hotaa| vaha saMsAra ke sabhI sukhoM ko viSa-mizrita miSThAnnavat atyaMta heya samajhatA hai| yaha saba samajhakara vaha sAMsArika pralobhanoM se dUra rahatA hai / yahI unakA nikAMkSita guNa hai| nirvicikitsA : vicikitsA kA artha glAni yA ghRNA hotA hai| mamyaka dRSTi mAnava zarIra kI burI AkRtiyoM ko dekhakara ghRNA nahIM karatA, apitu hamezA unake guNoM kA Adara karatA hai| usakA vizvAsa rahatA hai ki zarIra to svabhAva se hI apavitra hai / guNo dvArA hI isameM pavitratA AtI hai| vaha dIna-duHkhI, daridra, anAtha aura rogiyoM ke bImAra zarIra ko dekhakara ghRNA nahIM karatA apitu premapUrvaka unakI sevA karatA hai| vaha padArtha ke bAharI rUpa para dRSTi na dekara usake AMtarika rUpa para dRSTi detA hai / isa aMtarmukhI dRSTi ke kAraNa vaha zarIra ke glAnijanaka rUpa se vimukha ho usake guNoM meM prIti rakhatA hai| yahI usakA nirvicikitsA guNa hai| amUr3ha dRSTi-mUr3hatA 'mUrkhatA' ko kahate haiN| mUrkhatApUrNa dRSTi ko mUr3ha dRSTi kahate haiN| samyak dRSTi vivekI hotA hai| vaha apane viveka va buddhi me satya-asatya, heya-upAdeya aura hita-ahita kA nirNaya kara hI use apanAtA hai| vaha aMdhazraddhAlu nahIM hotaa| paramArtha-bhUta, deva,zAstra aura guru ko vaha pUrNa bahumAna detA hai| inake atirikta anya kumArga gAmiyo ke vaibhava ko dekhakara prabhAvita nahIM hotA, na hI unakI niMdA yA prazaMsA karatA hai apitu unake prati rAga-dveSa se Upara uThakara mAdhyastha bhAva dhAraNa karatA hai / yahI usakA amUr3ha dRSTitva hai| upagrahana : samyaka dRSTi guNa grAhI hotA hai | satat apanI sAdhanA ke prati jAgarUka rahatA hai| yadi kadAcit kisI paristhiti, ajJAna yA pramAda ke kAraNa kisI vyakti se koI aparAdha ho jAe to vaha use sabake bIca prakaTa nahIM karatA, apitu ekAMta meM samajhAkara use dUra karane kA prayAsa karatA hai / jaise bAjAra meM aneka vastueM rahate hue bhI hamArI dRSTi vahIM jAtI hai jisakI hameM jarUrata hai| vaise hI samyaka dRSTi ko guNa hI guNa dikhAI par3ate haiN| apane aMdara aneka guNoM ke rahane ke bAda bhI vaha kabhI apanI prazaMsA nahIM karatA apitu apane doSoM ko hI batAtA hai / dUsaroM ke doSoM ko vaha sadA chipAkara unake guNoM ko prakaTa karatA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki vaha apane doSoM

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mokSa ke sAdhana / 189 ko sadA dekhatA rahatA hai tathA dUsare ke guNoM ko / apane guNoM ko chipAtA hai tathA dUsare ke doSoM ko / apanI niMdA karatA hai tathA dUsaroM kI prazaMsA / dUsare ke doSoM tathA Ane guNoM ko chupAne ke kAraNa isa guNa kA nAma 'upagUhana' guNa hai / apane guNoM meM niraMtara vRddhi hote rahane ke kAraNa usake isa guNa kA nAma 'upabRMhaNa' guNa bhI hai| sthitikaraNa : samyaka dRSTi kabhI kisI ko nIce nahIM girAtA / vaha sabhI ko UMcA uThAne kI koziza karatA hai| apane-Apako bhI vaha hamezA mokSamArga meM lagAe rakhatA hai| yadi kadAcit kisI paristhitivaza vaha usase skhalita hotA hai to bAra-bAra apane ko sthira karane meM tatpara rahatA hai / usI taraha kisI anya dharmAtmA ko kisI kAraNa se apane mArga se skhalita hote dekhakara use bahuta pIr3A hotI hai| vaha yena-kena-prakAreNa use sahAyatA dekara usakI dhArmika AsthA ko dRr3ha karatA hai| bhale hI isameM use koI kaThinAI uThAnI pdd'e| yadi koI vyakti Arthika parezAniyoM se apane mArga se cyuta ho rahA hai to use Arthika sahayoga dekara athavA kisI kAma para lagAkara use puna: vahAM sthita karatA hai / zArIrika roga ke kAraNa vicalita ho rahA hai to auSadhi dekara zArIrika sevA karake use dharmamArga meM lagAtA hai / yadi kusaMgati yA mithyA upadeza ke kAraNa vaha apane dharma mArga se skhalita hotA hai to yogya upadeza dekara use puna:sthita karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| anya bhI koI kAraNa Ane para vaha yathAsaMbhava sevA dekara use sthira karatA hai / yahI samyak dRSTi kA sthitikaraNa aMga hai| vAtsalya : vAtsalya zabda vatsa se janmA hai| vatsa kA artha hotA hai bchddaa| jisa prakAra gAya apane bachaDe ke prati ni:svArtha aura niSkapaTa tathA saccA prema rakhatI hai, usameM koI banAvaTIpana nahIM hotA, use dekhakara usakA roma-roma pulakita ho jAtA hai| usI prakAra samyak dRSTi apane, sAdharmI baMdhuoM ke prati nizchala niHsvArtha aura saccA prema rakhatA hai| usameM koI dikhAvaTI yA banAvaTIpana nahIM rkhtaa| unheM dekhakara use utanI hI prasannatA hotI hai jitanI ki kisI AtmIya mitra me milakara hotI hai| vaha unake sAtha atyaMta AtmIyatA kA vyavahAra karatA hai vaha apane prema aura vAtsalya kI Dora se pUre samAja ko bAMdhe rahatA hai| sabhI loga usake prema-pAza meM baMdhe rahate haiN| vaha sabake prati mahayoga aura sahAnubhUti kI bhAvanA rakhatA hai| yaha usakA vAtsalya guNa hai| prabhAvanA : samyaka dRSTi kI yaha bhAvanA rahatI hai ki jisa prakAra hameM sahI dizA dRSTi milI hai, satya dharma kA mArga milA hai| usI prakAra sabhI logoM kA ajJAnarUpI aMdhakAra dUra ho, unheM bhI sahI dizA mile, ve bhI satya dharma kA pAlana kareM / jagat hitakArI isa prakAra kI bhAvanA se anuprANita hokara vaha sadA apane AcaraNa ko vizuddha banAe rakhatA hai| usakA AcaraNa aisA bana jAtA hai ki use dekhakara logoM ko dhArmika AsthA utpanna hone lagatI hai| vyakti usakA anukaraNa kara usake AdarzoM para calane lagate haiN| vaha paropakAra, jJAna, saMyama Adi ke dvArA vizva meM ahiMsA ke siddhAMtoM kA pracAra karatA hai,tathA aneka prakAra ke dhArmika utsavoM ko bhI karatA hai, jisameM hajAroM loga eka sthAna para ekatrita hokara sadbhAvanApUrvaka vizvakSema kI bhAvanA bhAte haiM) jise dekhakara logoM ko ahiMsA dharma kI mahimA kA bhAna hotA hai,yahI usakA 'prabhAvanA' guNa hai| isa prakAra niHzaMkitAdi ATha guNa samyaktva ke kahe gae haiN| ina ATha guNoM ke pUrNa

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190 / jaina dharma aura darzana pAlana karane para samyak darzana rahatA hai, anyathA nhii| jisa prakAra kisI viSahArI matra meM yadi eka akSara bhI kama ho jAtA hai to vaha matra prabhAvahIna ho jAtA hai / usI prakAra eka aga se bhI hIna samyaktva hamAre sasAra kI satita ko nahIM miTA pAtA / AThoM aga pUrNa hone para hI samyaktva apanA sahI kArya karatA hai| samyaktva ke ina ATha agoM kI tulanA hama apane zarIra ke ATha agoM se kara sakate hai| zarIra ke bhI ATha aga hote haiN| do paira, do hAtha, nitaba,pITha, vakSasthala aura mastiSka / zarIra ke ina agoM ke prati yadi hama thoDI bArIkI se vicAra kareM to hameM inameM bhI samyaktva kI jhalaka dikhAI detI hai| samajhane ke lie jaba hama calate haiM to calate vakta eka bAra rAstA dekha lene ke bAda binA kisI sadeha ke apanA dAyA paira baDhA lete haiN| dAyA paira bar3hate hI binA kisI apekSA ke bAyA paira svaya baDha jAtA hai, yahI to ni zakita aura nikAkSita guNa kA lakSaNa hai ata dAyA aura bAyA paira kramaza ni zakita aura nikAkSita aga ke pratIka haiN| tIsarA aga hai nirvicikitsA / vicikitsA ghRNA yA glAni ko kahate haiN| isa guNa ke Ate hI ghRNA yA glAni samApta ho jAtI hai| hama apane bAe hAtha ko dekheM, isa hAtha se hama zarIra ke mala-mUtrAdika ko sApha karate haiN| usa samaya hama kisI prakAra kI ghRNA kA anubhava nahI karate hai| yaha hAtha 'nirvicikitsA' aga kA pratIka hai| jaba hameM kisI bAta para jora denA hotA hai| jaba hama koI bAta AtmavizvAsa se bharakara kahate hai, taba hama apanA dAyA hAtha uThAkara batAte haiM, tathA anya kisI kI bAta para dhyAna nahI dete / yaha 'amUDha dRSTi' kA pratIka hai, kyoMki isa aga ke hone para vaha apanI zraddhA para aTala rahatA hai tathA unmArgiyo aura unmArga se prabhAvita nahI hotaa| zarIra kA pAcavA aga nitamba hai| ise sadaiva DhAka kara rakhA jAtA hai / ise khulA rakhane para lajjA kA anubhava hotA hai, sAtha hI sabhyatA ke viruddha bhI mAnA jAtA hai| yahI to 'upagRhana' hai, kyoMki isame apane guNa aura para ke avaguNa ko DhAkA jAtA hai| dUsare ke doSa ko ughADanA apanI jAgha ughADane kI taraha hai| nitamba upagUhana aga kA pratIka hai| samyaktva kA chaThA aga hai 'sthitikaraNa' / jaba hame kisI vajanadAra vastu ko uThAnA hotA hai to use apanI pITha para lAda lete hai| isase hame calane me suvidhA ho jAtI hai| pITha 'sthitikaraNa' aga kA pratIka hai,kyoki girate hue ko sahArA denA hI to 'sthitikaraNa' hai| hRdaya zarIra kA sAtavA aga hai| jaba hama AtmIyatA aura prema se bhara jAte hai taba apane AtmIya ko hRdaya se lagA lete hai / hRdaya vAtsalya aga kA pratIka hai| vAtsalya kA abhAva hone para samyaktva bhI hRdaya zUnya hI siddha hotA hai| mastiSka zarIra kA AThavA aga hai / isa aga se hama soca-vicAra (viveka) kA kAma lete hai| yaha prabhAvanA aga kA pratIka hai, kyoki isake hI AdhAra para hama apane vicAro se dUsaroM ko prabhAvita karate haiM tathA pravacanAdi kArya kara sakate haiN| isa prakAra ina ATha ago ke pUrNa hone para hI hamArA samyaktva sahI raha pAtA hai, anyathA vaha to vikalAga kI taraha akSama rahatA hai| yadi hama apane zarIra ke agoM kI gatividhiyo kI taraha samyaktva ke ago para najara rakhe to phira hamArA samyaktva sthira rhegaa|

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mokSa ke sAdhana / 191 samyak jJAna vastuoM ko yathA rIti jaisA kA taisA jAnanA samyaka jJAna hai / dRr3ha AtmavizvAsa ke anantara jJAna meM samyakpanA AtA hai| yoM to saMsAra ke padArthoM kA jJAnahInAdhika rUpa meM pratyeka vyakti ko hotA hai| para usa jJAna kA AtmavikAsa ke lie upayoga karanA bahata kama loga hI jAnate haiN| samyaka darzana ke pazcAta utpanna haA jJAna AtmavikAsa kA kAraNa hotA hai| sva aura para kA bheda vijJAna yathArthataH samyakjJAna hai| heyopAdeya kA viveka karAnA isakA mUla kArya hai|" samyak jJAna ke aMga samyak darzana kI taraha samyakajJAna ke bhI ATha aga nirUpita kie gae haiN| 1. zabdAcAra-mUlagrantha ke zabdoM (svara, vyaJjana aura mAtrAo) kA zuddha uccAraNapUrvaka pddh'naa| 2. arthAcAra-zAstra kI Avatti mAtra na karake usakA artha samajhakara paDhanA / 3. tadubhayAcAra-artha samajhate hue zuddha uccAraNa sahita paDhanA / 4. kAlAcAra-zAstra par3hane yogya kAla meM hI par3hanA, ayogya kAla meM nahIM / digdAha, ulkApAta,sUrya-candra-grahaNa,saMdhyAkAla Adi meM zAstra nahIM par3hanA caahiye| 5. vinayAcAra-dravya kSetra Adi kI zuddhi ke sAtha vinayapUrvaka zAstra abhyAsa krnaa| 6. upadhAnAcAra-zAstra ke mUla evaM artha kA bAra-bAra mmaraNa karanA, ume vimmaraNa nahIM hone denA upaghAnAcAra hai| 7. bahumAnAcAra-jJAna ke upakaraNa evaM gurujanoM kI vinaya krnaa| 8. aninhavAcAra-jisa zAstra yA guru me jJAna prApta kiyA hai usakA nAma na chipaanaa| ukta ATha aMgoM ke pAlana se samyak jJAna puSTa aura pariSkRta hotA hai| samyak jJAna ke bheda samyak jJAna ke pAMca bheda haiN| mati. zruta avadhi mana : paryaya aura kevala / ' matijJAna-indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se hone vAlA jJAna matijJAna hai| isake cAra bheda haiN| avagraha IhA avAha aura dhAraNA / viSaya aura viSayI ke mannapAta/samparka ke anantara "Aditama kucha hai" isa prakAra ke arthabodha ko avagraha kahate haiN| avagraha ke dvArA jJAta padArtha ke viSaya meM aura spaSTa jAnane kI icchA kI IhA kahate haiM / IhA meM nirNaya kI ora jhukAva hotA hai| IhA ke bAda eka nirNaya para pahuMcanA avAya hai| avAya dvArA gRhIta artha ko saMskAra ke rUpa meM dhAraNa 1. upAsakA adhyayana-241 2. zrAvakAcAra sagraha1/9 3 na sa.1/9

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192 / jaina dharma aura darzana kara lenA tAki kAlAntara meM usakI smRti raha sake, dhAraNA hai / padArtha jJAna kA yahI krama hai| jJAta vastu ke jJAna meM yaha krama bar3I drutagati se calatA hai / pUrvokta avagraha jJAna do prakAra kA hotA hai / "arthAvagraha aura vyaJjanAvagraha" vyaJjana arthAt avyakta athavA aspaSTa padArthoM kA jJAna vyaJjanAvagraha hai| yaha cakSu aura mana ko kara zeSa cAra indriyoM dvArA hI hotA hai| vyakta athavA spaSTa zabdAdi viSayoM ko grahaNa karane vAlA jJAna arthAvagraha kahalatA hai| yaha pAMcoM indriya aura mana se utpanna hotA hai| jaise miTTI ke naye ghar3e para pAnI kI bUMdeM DAlane para vaha gIlA nahIM hotA parantu lagAtAra jala binduoM ko DAlate rahane para vaha gIlA ho jAtA hai| usI prakAra vyakta grahaNa ke pahale avyakta jJAna vyaJjanAvagraha hai aura vyakta grahaNa arthAvigraha hai| bahu-bahu vidhAdi padArthoM kI upekSA matijJAna bAraha prakAra kA hotA hai tathA vistAra se inhIM bhedoM kI saMkhyA 336 ho jAtI hai| zratajAna-matijJAna ke pazcAta jo cintana-manana dvArA paripakva jJAna hotA hai. vaha zrutajJAna hai| zrutajJAna matijJAnapUrvaka hotA hai| matijJAna dvArA padArtha ke viSaya meM yA usake sambandha se anya vastu ke viSaya meM jo vizeSa cintana Arambha hotA hai| yaha zrutajJAna hai| zrutajJAna ke lie zabda, zravaNa yA saMketa Avazyaka hai| amuka zabdakA amuka artha meM saMketa hai yaha jAnane ke bAda hI usa zabda ke dvArA usake artha kA bodha hotA hai / zabda,zravaNa, saMketa matijJAna hai| usake bAda zabda aura artha ke vAcya vAcaka sambandha ke AdhAra para hone vAlA jJAna zrutajJAna hai| isalie matijJAna kAraNa hai aura zrutajJAna kArya / matijJAna ke abhAva meM zrutajJAna sambhava nahIM hai| prAcIna Agama kI bhASA meM zrutajJAna kA artha hai vaha jJAna ho zruta arthAt zAstra se saMbaddha ho| Apta/vItarAgI puruSoM dvArA racita Agama yA zAstroM se jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai use zrutajJAna kahate haiN| isa zrutajJAna ke do bheda haiM.~aMga praviSTa aura aMga bAhya / aMga praviSTa ke bAraha bheda haiM tathA aMga bAhya aneka bheda vAlA hai| avadhijJAna indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA hI maryAdApUrvaka rUpI padArthoM ko spaSTa jAnane vAlA jJAna avadhijJAna hai| avadhijJAna do prakAra kA hotA hai| bhava pratyaya aura guNa pratyaya / devoM aura nArakiyoM ko yaha jJAna janma ke kSaNoM meM hI svabhAvataH prApta ho jAtA hai| ataeva vaha bhava pratyaya hai| manuSya aura pazuoM meM yaha jJAna samyak darzAnAdi vizeSa guNoM ke prabhAva se hI utpanna hotA hai isalie ise guNa pratyaya avadhi jJAna kahate haiN| isake chaha bheda haiM- 1. anugAmI, 2. ananugAmI, 3. vardhamAna, 4. hIyamAna, 5. avasthita, 6. anavasthita ___ anugAmI avadhijJAna jJAtA kA anusaraNa karatA huA chAyA kI taraha usake sAtha-sAtha jAtA hai / isake viparIta ananugAmI avadhijJAna kSetra vizeSa se pRthak hone para chUTa jAtA hai| vardhamAna avadhijJAna zuklapakSa kI candrakalAoM kI taraha utpatti ke bAda nirantara vRddhigata hotA rahatA hai| jabaki hIyamAna avadhijJAna kRSNapakSa kI candra kalAoM kI taraha nirantara ghaTatA rahatA hai| avasthita avadhijJAna eka-sI sthiti meM rahatA hai tathA anavasthita

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mokSa ke sAdhana / 193 avadhijJAna akrama se kabhI eka rUpa nahIM rahatA hai| yaha chaha bheda svAmI kI apekSA hai| viSaya-kSetra kI apekSA avadhijJAna ke tIna bheda hai| dezAvadhi, paramAvadhi aura sarvAvidhi / inake viSaya-kSetra aura padArthoM ke jJAna meM uttarottara adhika vistAra aura vizuddhi pAI jAtI hai| dezAvadhi eka bAra hokara chUTa bhI sakatA hai aura isa kAraNa vaha pratipAtI hai kintu paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi jJAna utpanna hone ke bAda kevala jJAna kI prApti paryanta kabhI nahIM chUTate / ye donoM tadbhava mokSagAmI muniyoM ke hI hote haiN| mana:paryayajJAna : dUsaroM ke manogata artha ko jAnane vAlA jJAna manaHparyayajJAna hai| yaha jJAna mana ke pravartaka yA uttejaka pudgala dravyoM ko sAkSAt jAnane vAlA hai| cintaka jaisA socatA hai mana meM usake anurUpa pudgala dravyoM kI AkRtiyAM/paryAeM bana jAtI haiN| vastutaH manaHparyaya kA artha hai mana kI paryAyoM kA jJAna / / __ manaHparyayajJAna ke do bheda haiM "Rjumati aura vipulamati" Rjumati sarala mana, vacana, kAya se vicAra kie gae padArtha ko jAnatA hai para vipulamati manaHparyayajJAna sarala aura Tila donoM taraha se vicAra kie gae padArthoM ko jAnatA hai| Rjumati kI apekSA vipulamati adhika vizuddha hotA hai| Rjumati eka bAra hokara chUTa bhI sakatA hai kintu vipulamati jJAna kevalajJAna kI prApti paryanta banA rahatA hai| isalie ise apratipAtI kahate haiN| donoM prakAra kA manaHparyayajJAna RddhidhArI muniyoM ko hI hotA hai| ___ avadhijJAna aura manaH paryayajJAna meM vizuddhi kSetra svAmI aura viSaya kI apekSA antara hai| avadhijJAna ke dvArA jJAta kie gae padArtha ke anantaveM bhAga ko manaHparyayajJAna jAnatA hai| kevalajJAna-triloka aura trikAlavartI samasta dravyoM aura paryAyoM ko yugapata pratyakSa jAnane vAlA jJAna kevalajJAna hai| kevalajJAnI ko hI sarvajJa kahate haiN| kevalajJAnI kevalajJAna hote hI loka aura aloka donoM ko jAnane lagatA hai| kevalajJAna kA viSaya sarvadravya aura paryAya hai| koI bhI vastu aisI nahI hai jo kevalajJAna kA viSaya na ho| samasta jJAnAvaraNa karma ke mamUla vinaSTa hone para yaha jJAna utpanna hotA hai| yaha pUrNata nirAvaraNa aura nirmala jJAna hai| isa jJAna ke utpanna hote hI samasta kSAyopazika jJAna vilIna ho jAte haiN| kevalajJAna AtmA kI jJAna zakti kA pUrNa vikasita rUpa hai| samyak cAritra jisake dvArA hita ko prApti aura ahita kA nivAraNa ho vaha cAritra hai| samyak cAritra do prakAra kA hai vyavahAra cAritra aura nizcaya cAritra / samyaka darzana aura samyaka jJAna pUrvaka viSaya vAsanA, hisA, jhuTha corI kuzIla aura parigraha rUpa azubha kriyAoM se nivRtti ke sAtha vratazIla sayamAdi dhAraNa karanA vyavahAra cAritra hai| bAhya kriyA arthAta pApoM ke nirodha se tathA abhyantara kriyA arthAt yogoM ke nirodha me utpanna AtmA kI zuddhi vizeSa nizcaya cAritra hai| isI ko samatA, madhyasthatA yA 1 tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paraparA pR 334 2 dravya saMgraha gAthA 45

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194 / jaina dharma aura darzana vItarAgatA kahate haiN| uparokta vivecanA se spaSTa hai ki jaina darzana meM mokSa kA svarUpa aura usakI prApti kI prakriyA kA sUkSma, tarka saMgata aura vaijJAnika vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| mokSa Atma vikAsa kI parama aura pUrNa avasthA hai| jaina dharma aura avatAravAda avatAravAda ke sambandha meM jaina dharma kA apanA alaga dRSTikoNa hai| vaha anaMta AtmAyeM mAnatA hai / vaha pratyeka AtmA ko paramAtmA banane kA adhikAra pradAna karatA hai tathA paramAtmA banane kA mArga bhI prastuta karatA hai| kiMtu yahAM paramAtmA ke punaH bhavAMtaraNa ko mAnyatA nahIM dI gaI hai| isa dharma ke anusAra pratyeka AtmA kRta karmoM kA nAza karake paramAtmA bana sakatI hai / svarUpa dRSTi se saba AtmAyeM eka (samAna) hai| yahAM taka ki hAthI aura cIMTI donoM meM AtmAyeM samAna haiN| vAstava meM saba AtmAyeM apane Apa meM svataMtra tathA pUrNa haiN| ve kisI akhaMDa sattA kI aMzabhUta nahIM hai| pratyeka nara ko nArAyaNa aura bhakta ko bhagavAna banane kA adhikAra denA hI jaina dharma kI pahalI aura akelI mAnyatA hai| isI AdhAra para jaina dharma meM vyakti vizeSa kI apekSA yahAM mAtra guNoM ke pUjane kA vidhAna hai| usakA ArAdhya maMtra NamokAra maMtra (namaskAra maMtra) hai| bairisTara campatarAyajI ne apane mahatvapUrNa graMtha Key of Knowledge meM ThIka hI likhA haiMan-Passions = God God + Passions = Man arthAt manuSya- vAsanAeM = bhagavAna Izvara +vAsanAeM = manuSya 1.vahI gAthA 46

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AtmavikAsa ke kramonnata sopAna guNa sthAna kA artha guNa sthAna ke bheda vividha AtmA do zreNiyA~ jIvana mukti aura deha mukti meM atara guNasthAnoM meM Aroha avaroha kA krama

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AtmavikAsa ke kramonnata sopAna jIvana vikAsazIla hai| jIvana ke vibhinna pakSoM ke vikAsa kA Akalana vibhinna mAdhyamoM se kiyA jAtA hai| zarIra sambandhI vikAsa ko zArIrika vikAsa kahate haiM tathA mana saMbaMdhI vikAsa mAnasika vikAsa kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra AtmA sambandhI vikAsa Atmika yA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kahalAtA hai| jaise bAla, yuvA, vRddha, Adi avasthAoM meM krama hotA hai; hemanta, zizira, basaMta, grISma, varSA, zarada Adi RtuoM meM krama hotA hai, usI prakAra AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA bhI apanA eka krama hotA hai-prathama bhUmikA, dvitIya bhUmikA, tRtIya bhUmikA Adi / jaina darzana ke anusAra mAdhaka jyoM-jyoM apanI sAdhanA kI UMcAiyoM kA sparza karatA hai, tyoM-tyoM usakI AtmA kA vikAsa hotA jAtA hai| isa krama kA parijJAna hone se AtmA kI unnata aura avanata avasthAoM kA patA calatA hai tathA isase AtmavikAsa kI sAdhanA meM bhI bahuta sahAyatA milatI hai| isIlie jainAgama meM AtmA kI vikAsa-yAtrA ko guNasthAnoM dvArA atyaMta sundara DhaMga se vicita kiyA gayA hai, joki na kevala sAdhaka kI vikAsa-yAtrA kI vibhinna manobhUmiyoM kA citraNa karatA hai, apitu AtmA kI vikAsa yAtrA kI pUrva bhUmikA se lekara gaMtavya Adarza taka kI samucita vyAkhyA bhI prastuta karatA hai / guNa-sthAna kA artha guNa kA artha hotA hai Atmika guNa' tathA sthAna kA artha hai vikAsa / isa prakAra Atmika guNoM ke vikAsa kI kramika avasthAoM ko guNa-sthAna kahate haiN| jIva ke pariNAma sadA eka se nahIM rhte| usake moha evaM mana, vacana, kAya kI vRtti ke kAraNa aMtaraMga pariNAmoM meM utAra-car3hAva hote rahate haiN| guNa-sthAna Atma-pariNAmoM meM hone vAle ina utAra-car3hAvoM kA bodha karAtA hai| sAdhaka kitanA cala cukA hai tathA kitanA Age aura calanA hai ? guNa-sthAna ise batAne vAle mArga sUcaka paTTa haiN| guNa-sthAna jIva ke moha aura nirmoha dazA kI bhI vyAkhyA karatA hai| yaha saMsAra aura mokSa ke antara ko spaSTa karatA hai| guNa sthAnoM ke AdhAra para jIvoM ke baMdha aura abaMdha kA bhI patA calatA hai| guNa-sthAna Atma-vikAsa kA digdarzaka hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra jIvAtmA anaMta jJAna, darzana,sukha aura zakti svarUpI hai| kiMtu anAdi karmoM se baddha hone ke kAraNa vaha prakaTa nahIM ho pAtA karmAvaraNa usake mUla rUpa ko

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198 / jaina dharma aura darzana Avata yA vikRta karate haiN| jitanI-jitanI karma AvaraNa kI ghaTAe saghana hotI jAtI haiM utanI-utanI jIva zaktiyoM kA prakAza kama hotA jAtA hai tathA isake viparIta jaise-jaise karma-paTala virala hote haiM, vaise-vaise AtmA kI zakti prakaTa hotI jAtI hai| jIva ke pariNAmoM ke utAra-caDhAva ke anusAra Atmika zaktiyoM kA vikAsa aura hrAsa hotA rahatA hai| yU to pariNAmoM ke utAra-caDhAva kI apekSA Atmika vikAsa ke ArohaNa aura avarohaNa ke anata vikalpa sabhava haiM phira bhI pariNAmoM kI utkRSTatA aura jaghanyatA kI apekSA, unheM caudaha bhamikAoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai jo nimnalikhita hai guNasthAna ke bheda 1 mithyAdRSTi,2 sAsAdana,3 samyak-mithyAdRSTi,4 asayata samyak dRSTi,5 sayatA sayata 6 pramatta sayata 7 apramatta-sayata,8 apUrvakaraNa,9 anivRttikaraNa, 10 sUkSma-sAmparAya,11 upazAta moha, 12 kSINa moha, 13 sayoga kevalI,14 Ayoga kevlii| yahA samyak dRSTi ke sAtha lagA asayata vizeSaNa apane se nIce ke sabhI guNa-sthAnoM meM asayatatva vyakta karatA hai, kyoMki vaha ata dIpaka hai| isase Upara guNasthAnoM meM sayama kI yAtrA kA sUtrapAta hotA hai / samyak-dRSTi pada Upara ke sabhI guNasthAnoM meM nadI-pravAha kI taraha anuvRtti ko prApta hai arthAt Age ke samasta guNa-sthAna meM samyak-darzana pAyA jAtA hai| chaThe guNasthAna meM prayukta 'pramatta' vizeSaNa apane sAtha nIce ke sabhI guNasthAnoM meM pramAda ke astitva kA dyotana karatA hai tathA usake Age juDe 'sayata' zabda se yaha sUcita hotA hai ki Upara ke sabhI guNa sthAna sayatoM ke hI hote hai| ( bArahaveM guNa-sthAna ke sAtha juDA 'chadmastha' zabda bhI anta-dIpaka hai,kyoMki AvaraNa karmoM ke abhAva ho jAne se usase Age kI bhUmikAoM meM chadmasthatA nahI rhtii| trividha AtmA-uparyukta caudaha guNa-sthAnavarti jIvoM meM prathama se tRtIya guNasthAna taka ke jIva bahirAtmA, caturtha se bArahaveM guNa-sthAnavarti antarAtmA tathA terahaveM aura caudahaveM guNa-sthAnavarti jIva paramAtmA kahe jAte haiN| bahirAtmA jIva deha aura AtmA ko eka mAnakara bAhya aindrika viSayoM meM anuskta rahate haiN| zarIra kI utpatti ko apanI utpatti tathA zarIra ke vinAza ko apanA vinAza samajhate haiN| isa prakAra deha meM hI AtmA kI prAnti banAe rakhane ke kAraNa bhava bhramaNa karate rahate haiN| mithyAtva sAsAdana aura mizraguNa sthAnAvarti jIva kramaza utkRSTa, madhyama aura jaghanya bahirAtmA haiM kyoMki bahirAtmatA kA kAraNa mithyAbhAva kramaza kSINa hotA jAtA hai| antarAtmA antarAtmA avasthA meM jIva AtmA aura deha kI pRthakatA ko samajhakara antarmukhI/nirAsakta jIvana jItA huA bhava badhana ko kATane meM juTa jAtA hai| avirata samyak-dRSTi jaghanya atarAtmA hai tathA nirvikalpa dhyAna meM sthita kSINa mohI sAdhaka utkRSTa atarAtmA kahalAte haiN| isase bIca kI avasthA vAle sabhI sAdhaka madhyama atarAtmA kahalAte 1 kha 11 sUgha9-22

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AtmavikAsa ke kramonnata sopAna / 199 paramAtmA : paramAtmA jIva kI parama vizuddha dazA hai| isa avasthA meM pahu~cane para vaha samasta moha Adi vikAroM ko naSTa kara apane svAbhAvika / Atmika guNoM ko prakaTa kara lete haiN| ye jIvana mukta aura dehamukta ke bheda se do prakAra ke hote haiN| terahaveM aura caudahaveM guNasthAnavarti arhanta jIvanamukta kahalAte haiM tathA deha mukta avasthA ko prApta paramAtmA siddha kahalAte haiM / sazarIrI aura azarIrI hone ke kAraNa kramazaH inheM sakala aura vikala paramAtmA bhI kahate haiM / uparyukta caudaha bhUmikAoM meM prathama bhUmikA jIva kI nikRSTatama dazA hai| isa bhUmikA meM Atmika zaktiyoM kA prakAza atyaMta manda hotA hai tathA bar3hate-bar3hate caudahaveM guNa-sthAna meM pahuMcakara jIvAtmA apanI zuddha avasthA ko pUrNatayA abhivyakta kara letA hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA ke guNoM ko AvRta karane vAle karmoM meM 'moha' hI pradhAna hai| isakI tIvratA aura mandatA para hI anya AvaraNoM kI tIvratA maMdatA hotI hai / isI kAraNa se mohanIya karmoM ke tIvratA-maMdatA ke AdhAra para hI guNa-sthAnoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| moha mukhya rUpa se do prakAra kA hotA hai-- darzana, mohanIya aura cAritra mohanIya | darzana - mohanIya AtmA ko yathArthatA, samyakRtva aura vivekazIlatA se dUra rakhatA hai, tathA cAritra - mohanIya AtmA ko viveka yukta AcaraNa nahIM karane detA / darzana mohanIya ke kAraNa vyakti kI bhAvanA, vicAra-dRSTi, cintana athavA zraddhA samIcIna nahIM ho pAtI, jabaki cAritra - mohanIya samIcIna dRSTi ho jAne para bhI sadAcaraNa nahIM Ane detaa| isa prakAra, yaha mohanIya zakti aisI hai jo ki na to samyak vicAra banane detI hai aura na hI AcAra / mohanIya karma ke prabhAvoM kI tAratamyatA se hI guNa sthAnoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| Aie aba hama kramapUrvaka ukta guNa-sthAnoM ke svarUpa para vicAra kreN| 1. mithyAdRSTi: yaha AtmA kI adhastama avasthA hai| isa avasthA vAle jIva kI dRSTi mithyA arthAta asatya hotI hai|' ata inheM mithyAdRSTi kahate haiN| ye ajJAna meM jIte haiN| inameM satya-asatya kA viveka nahIM hotA / aise jIva deha, strI, putrAdika bAhya padArthoM meM anurakta rahate haiM / artha ko hI jIvana kA vAstavika AdhAra mAnate haiN| viSaya- kaSAyoM meM lipta rahate haiM tathA apane Atma-svabhAva se dUra rahate haiM / 2 inakA mana aMdhavizvAsoM se bharA rahatA hai| dharma ke kSetra meM prAyaH rUr3hivAdI dRSTikoNa banAe rakhate haiN| jisa prakAra pitta jvara se prasita rogI ko madhura auSadhi bhI rucikara nahIM lagatI, vaise hI mithyAdRSTi jIvoM ko tattva ke prati ruci nahIM hotI / isa mithyAdarzana ke kAraNa jIvAtmA unmArga kI ora jAtA hai tathA galata dizA grahaNa kara cirakAla taka saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| isakA baMdhana atyaMta dRr3ha hotA hai| isa mithyAtva rUpa moha-pranthi kA bheda hone para hI Atma vikAsa kI yAtrA prAraMbha hotI hai / isIlie mithyAtva ko sabase bar3A zatru batAkara mahApApa nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / 4 caitanya yAtrA meM yaha sabase bar3A avarodhaka hai| saMsAra ke adhikAMza jIva isI mithyAtva 1pu1/162 2 rayaNasAragAthA 106 3 pa sa prA. 1/6 4 ratna ka.

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200 / jaina dharma aura darzana se prasita hone ke kAraNa isI bhUmikA meM jIte haiM / 2. sAMsAdana samyaktvarUpI ratna parvata se nIce girane vAlA mithyAtvAbhimukha dazA kA nAma sAsAdana samyak dRSTi hai| yaha Atma-vikAsa kI dUsarI bhUmikA hai| isakA kAla ati alpa hai / jaba koI samyak dRSTi anaMtAnubaMdhI kaSAyoM ke udvega A jAne se apane samyaktva se skhalita hotA hai, taba yaha avasthA banatI hai / 2 sAsAdana kA vyautpattika artha bhI yahI hai / sa + AsAdana, jo AsAdana arthAt samyaktva kI virAdhanA se yukta hai, vaha sAsAdana hai| jaise miThAI khAne ke bAda vamana karate vakta usakA kucha-kucha AsvAda banA rahatA hai, vaise hI samyaktva chUTa jAne para bhI isa avasthA meM usakA kiMcit AsvAda banA rahatA hai / isalie inheM sAsAdana samyak dRSTi kahate haiN| yadyapi prathama guNasthAna kI apekSA yaha guNa-sthAna vikAsAtmaka hai, paraMtu yathArtha meM yaha AtmA kI patanonmukha dazA kA dyotaka hai| koI bhI jIva prathama guNa-sthAna se vikAsa kara isa guNasthAna meM nahIM AtA, apitu Upara ke vikAsAtmaka guNa-sthAnoM se patita hokara punaH mithyAtva ko prApta hone ke pUrva (bIca kI sthiti meM) isa guNa-sthAna ko prApta karatA hai / 3. samyak mithyAdRSTi : tRtIya guNa-sthAna AtmA kI vaha mizrita avasthA hai, jisameM na kevala samyak dRSTi rahatI hai, na mithyA dRSTi / isameM samyaktva aura mithyAtva kI mizrita dazA rahatI hai : jisake kAraNa AtmA meM tattva va atattva ko samajhane kI kSamatA nahIM rahatI / yaha eka anizcayAtmaka avasthA hai| isameM jIva satya aura asatya ke madhya hI jhUlatA rahatA hai, na vaha satya kI ora unmukha ho pAtA hai aura na hI asatya ko svIkAra kara pAtA hai / vaha satya ko satya samajhane ke sAtha-sAtha asatya ko bhI satya rUpa svIkAra karane lagatA hai| isa avasthA vAle sAdhaka samyaktva se lagAva hone ke sAtha-sAtha mithyAtva kI ora jhukAva banAye rakhate haiN| ise aise samajheM- jaise eka bahuta bar3e hAla meM choTA-sA TimaTimAtA dIpaka rakha dene para vahAM prakAza aura aMdhere kA dhuMdhalApana dikhAI par3atA hai| na to vahAM itanA prakAza hai ki hama pustaka ko par3ha sakeM, na hI itanA aMdherA rahatA hai ki pustaka dikhAI hI na de| vahAM pustaka to dikhAI detI hai para akSara nahI dikhate / na vahAM itanA aMdherA hai ki calate meM Thokara khAkara gira par3e, na itanA prakAza hai ki suI meM DorA DAla skeN| prakAza aura aMdhere kI aisI hI mizrita avasthA ko jainAgama meM samyak- mithyAdRSTi kahA gayA hai, jahAM samyaktva kA prakAza hone ke sAtha- sAtha mithyAtva kA aMdherA bhI hai / isa guNasthAna meM jIva kI vivekazakti pUrNa vikasita nahIM ho pAtI yaha avasthA adhika kAla taka nahIM cltii| usakI anizcayAtmaka avasthA ke samApta hone para yadi 1 pa sa prA 19 2 a 91 9/1/13 3. g 1/163 4 1/1166-67

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AtmavikAsa ke kramonnata sopAna / 201 mithyAtvAbhimukha ho jAtA hai to mithyAdRSTi ho jAtA hai,tathA samyak bodha ko prApta kara lene para samyak dRSTi ho jAtA hai| zraddhAna aura azraddhAnAtmaka avasthA hone se ise mizra-guNasthAna bhI kahate haiN| jainAgama meM isa guNa-sthAna kI nimnAMkita vizeSatAeM batAyI gayI haiM 1. isameM zraddhAna aura azraddhAna yugapata prakaTa hotA hai| 2.isa guNa-sthAna vAle jIvana to sakala saMyama prApta kara sakate haiM aura na hI deza saMyama / 3. isa guNa-sthAna meM jIva kI mRtyu nahIM hotii| samyaktva yA mithyAtva pariNAmoM ke hone para hI mRtyu hotI hai| 4. isa meM Ayu karma kA baMdha nahIM hotA, na hI mAraNAntika samudghAta / ' avirata samyadRSTi-yaha vikAsa kI caturtha bhUmikA hai| samyak bodha prApta hone para isa gaNa sthAna kI prApti hotI hai| samyaka bodha prApta ho jAne ke bAda bhI jI kamajorI vaza saMyama aMgIkAra nahIM kara pAte isIlie asaMyata samyaka dRSTi kahalAte haiN|' anukUla saMyogoM ke juTane para jIva apane puruSArtha se moha-graMthi ko bhedakara jaba mithyAtva para vijaya prApta karatA hai. taba yaha avasthA prApta hotI hai| isa avasthA meM moha kI zithilatA ke kAraNa samyak zraddhA arthAt sadviveka to prApta ho jAtA hai, parantu samyak cAritra kA abhAva rahatA hai| isa avasthA meM vicAra zuddhi kA sadbhAva rahate hue bhI AcAra zuddhi kA asadbhAva rahatA hai| yadyapi cAritra mohanIya ke udaya se asaMyata samyakadRSTi saMyama grahaNa nahIM kara pAtA, phira bhI dRSTi meM samIcInatA A jAne se usameM kucha viziSTa guNa pragaTa ho jAte haiN| ve haiM-prazama,saMvega, anukampA aura Amnikya / samyaka dRSTi ho jAne ke bAda usake krodhAdika kaSAyoM kA udreka nahIM aataa| vaha apane sadaviveka se apanI bhAvadhArA ko saMbhAle rahatA hai, yahI usakA 'prazama' guNa hai| ka kI vRddhi ho jAne se tathA nirantara maMsAra se bhayabhIta rahane ke kAraNa usameM viSayoM se virakti kA bhAva jagane lagatA hai| yaha umakA 'maMvega' guNa hai| usakA mana dayA se bhIgA huA rahatA hai, vaha dIna-dukhiyoM kI pIr3A ko dekhakara svayaM kAMpa uThatA hai tathA yathAsaMbhava unakI sevA karatA hai, yahI usakA anukaMpA guNa hai| tathA vaha tattvoM kI zraddhApUrvaka sabake astitva ko svIkAra kara saha-astittva kA jIvana jIne lagatA hai, yahI usakA 'Astikya' guNa hai| isa guNa-sthAna meM nimnAMkita 3 1. nirIha aura niraparAdha jIvoM kI hiMsA nahIM karatA hai| 2. apane doSoM kI niMdA tathA gardA karatA hai| 3. guNa-grAhI dRSTi rakhatA hai| 1. dhapu. 4/343 2. go. jI. kA. 654 1. 3. Nayamarei Neva sajamuvei taha desa sajama vApi sammA micchAdidi Na maraNata samugdhAdo 11/33 ba. pu.4/349 para usta 4. pa. sa. prA 1/11 5. prazama saMvegAnukampAstikyAmivyakti lakSaNa prathamam sarvA. si. pR. 7

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202 / jaina dharma aura darzana 4. sacce deva, guru aura dharma para saccI zraddhA rakhatA hai| unake prati pUrNarUpeNa samarpita rahatA hai| 5. putra,strI Adi bAhya padArthoM ko AzAzvata mAnakara una para garva nahIM karatA hai| 6. saMvegAdika guNoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa vaha viSayoM meM adhika anurAgI nahIM hotA apitu unakI ora heya dRSTi banAe rakhatA hai| saMyatA-saMyata : yaha pAMcavIM bhUmikA hai| ise viratAvirata athavA deza saMyama bhI kahate haiN| isameM vyakti kI Atmika-zakti aura vikasita ho jAtI hai| yaha asaMyata samyak-dRSTi se eka kadama Age bar3ha jAtA hai tathA vaha pUrvokta samyak-dRSTi ke guNoM ke sAtha-sAtha kucha aMzoM meM saMyama kA pAlana bhI karane lagatA hai| vaha pUrNarUpeNa to saMyama aMgIkAra nahIM kara pAtA, kiMtu AMzika rUpa se saMyama kA pAlana avazya karatA hai| isa avasthA meM sthita sAdhaka ko jaina zAstroM meM 'upAsaka' athavA 'zrAvaka' bhI kahA gayA hai| AMzika rUpa se vratoM ke pAlana karane ke kAraNa hI isa guNa-sthAna ko deza-saMyama kahate haiN| cUMki isa avasthA ke jIva sthUla pApoM se virakta rahate haiM, ata: saMyata athavA virata haiM tathA sUkSma pApoM kA tyAga na kara pAne ke kAraNa ve asaMyata athavA avirata kahalAte haiN| isI apekSA se isa guNa-sthAna meM saMyatAsaMyata athavA viratAvirata rUpa pariNAma yugapat ho jAtA hai| naitika jIvana kA vAstavika vikAsa isI guNa-sthAna se prAraMbha ho pAtA hai| 6. pramata virata-chaThe guNa-sthAna meM sAdhaka kI Atmazakti itanI bar3ha jAtI hai ki vaha deza virati arthAt AMzika virati se sarva virati arthAt pUrNa virati kI ora AtA hai| aba vaha aNuvratI yA upAsaka na kahalAkara mahAvatI sAdhaka athavA zramaNa kahalAne lagatA hai| isa bhUmikA meM hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha rUpa pAMcoM pApoM kA pUrNarUpeNa parityAga ho jAtA hai| isa avasthA ko nagna digambara muni hI prApta kara pAte haiN| samyak cAritra prakaTa ho jAne se yahAM pUrNa mokSamAge bana jAtA hai / vastuta: mukti yAtrA kA vAstavika zubhAraMbha yahIM se hotA hai| itanA kucha hote hue bhI pramAda yukta hone ke kAraNa unake AcaraNa meM kucha zithilatA banI rahatI hai isalie inheM citrAlAcaraNI bhI kahA gayA hai| sAdhaka apanI AdhyAtmika paristhitiyoM ke anusAra isa bhUmikA se Upara bhI uTha sakatA hai tathA nIce bhI gira sakatA 7. apramatta-virata : yaha AtmadhyAna kI bhUmikA hai| isa bhUmikA meM kadama rakhate hI sAdhaka saba prakAra ke pramAdoM para vijaya pA lete haiN| vaha satat apramata rahate haiM arthAta Atma-jAgati banAe rakhate haiN| apanI isI jAgarUkatA ke kAraNa niraMtara pragati patha para bar3hate jAte haiN| AtmAnubhUti kA svarNima prabhAta yahIM se phUTatA hai| pramAda se rahita ho 1. gI.jI.kA 30 2. paM. saM.pragA 134-35 3. go. jI.kA33

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AtmavikAsa ke kramonnata sopAna / 203 jAne ke kAraNa inheM apramatta-saMyata kahate haiN|' yadyapi ukta sAdhaka satat apramatta rahanA cAhate haiM phira bhI pramAda janita saMskAra inheM ekadama nahIM chor3e dete| ve bIca-bIca meM unheM parezAna karate rahate haiN| pariNAmataH ve punaH pramAda avasthA ko prApta ho jAte haiN| pramAdAvasthA ko prApta karane para turaMta hI apane AtmadhyAna ke bala se apramAdAvasthA ko prApta kara lete haiN| jisa prakAra taraMgAyita jala para par3A lakar3I kA Tukar3A laharoM ke utAra-car3hAva ke kAraNa Upara-nIce hotA rahatA hai usI prakAra inakI naiyA pramatta-apramattAvasthA ke bIca DolatI rahatI hai| ye svasthAna apramatta kahalAte haiN| pravRtti aura nivRtti donoM hI sthitiyoM meM yaha bhUmikA saMbhava hai| aneka bAra pramatta-apramatta avasthAoM kA sparza karane ke bAda kucha apramatta saMyata apanI Atma-sAdhanA ke bala se cetanA kA UrdhvArohaNa kara AThaveM guNa-sthAna ke abhimukha ho jAte haiM. unheM sAtizaya apramatta kahA jAtA hai| ve apane pariNAmoM kI ati pramAdajanya saMskAroM ko pUrNarUpeNa parAjita kara samasta mohanIya karma ko naSTa karane ke lie kamara kasa lete haiM, isa taraha yaha guNa-sthAna do prakAra kA ho jAtA hai| do zreNiyAM isase Age bar3hakara sAdhaka apane vijaya abhiyAna ko aura teja kara detA hai| aba vaha apane pragati patha para ArUr3ha ho,AtmavikAsa kI gati ko aura teja kara detA hai / ise jaina darzana meM 'zreNI' zabda se jAnA jAtA hai| zreNI-sIDhI kA pratIka hai.jisa para ArUr3ha ho sAdhaka,karma-vinAza kA vizeSa upakrama prAraMbha karatA hai / yaha zreNI do prakAra kI hotI hai-upazama zreNI aura kSapaka zreNI / upazama zreNI : upazama zreNI meM sAdhaka mohanIya karma kA samUla nAza nahIM kara pAtA, apitu unheM damita karatA huA arthAt dabAtA huA Age bar3hatA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra zatru senA ko khadeDakara kI gayI vijaya-yAtrA.rAjA ke lie ahitakara hotI hai, kyoMki vaha kabhI bhI samaya pAkara rAjA para punaH AkramaNa kara sakatA hai| usI prakAra isa vidhi se prazamAvasthA ko prApta karma zakti kabhI bhI samaya pAkara AtmA kA ahita kara sakatI hai| jisa prakAra gaMdale jala meM phiTakarI Adi koI kemikala DAla dene para usakI gaMdagI nIce ko baiTha jAtI hai tathA jala atyaMta svaccha aura nirmala ho jAtA hai, lekina bartana meM thor3A bhI halana-calana hote hI vaha gaMdagI punaH ubharakara A jAtI hai| usI prakAra karmoM ke upazama janya alpakAlika vizuddhi ke kAraNa AtmA meM svacchatA to A jAtI hai| lekina mohodaya ho jAne ke kAraNa apanI uparima bhUmikA se phisalakara nIce gira jAtA hai| upazama zreNI vAle jIva apane karmonmUlana ke krama ko pUrNa kara aMtima sopAna taka nahIM le jA sakate / gyArahaveM guNasthAna taka jAkara karmoM ke punaH prakaTa ho jAne se unakA punaH patana ho jAtA hai|' 1 dha pa 1/178 2. go. jI. kA 46 3. la sA gA 105 4. tavA 9/1/18 5. dha. 1/37

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204 / jaina dharma aura darzana kSaNaka zreNI : jo sAdhaka apanI vizuddhi ke bala para cAritra mohanIya karma kA samUla viccheda karate huye Age bar3hate haiM, ve kSapaka zreNI vAle kahalAte haiN| isameM karma zatruoM kA upazama nahIM hotA, apitu samUla vidhvaMsa kara diyA jAtA hai| isI kAraNa yaha puna: jAgRta nahIM ho paate| isI zreNI vAle sAdhakoM kA adhaHpatana nahIM hotaa| kSapaka zreNI para ArUr3ha honevAle sAdhaka apanA Atmika vikAsa karate huye sarva karmoM kA samUla nAza kara aMtima siddhi ko prApta kara lete haiN| donoM hI zreNiyA~ AThaveM guNa-sthAna se prAraMbha hotI haiN| upazama zreNI meM ArUr3ha sAdhaka gyArahaveM guNa-sthAna taka jAkara nIce gira jAte haiM jabaki kSapaka zreNI meM ArUr3ha sAdhaka dasaveM guNa-sthAna se sIdhe bArahaveM guNa-sthAna ko prApta karate hue mukti kI yAtrA ko pUrNa karate haiN| :: yaha AThavIM bhUmikA hai| jaba sAdhaka apane caritra bala ko vizeSa rUpa se bar3hA lete haiM aura pramAda-apramAda avasthA ke isa saMgharSa meM vijayI banakara sthAyI apramatta avasthA (sAtizaya apramatta) ko prApta kara lete haiM, taba ve eka aisI zakti prApta kara lete haiM jisase rahe-sahe moha bala ko naSTa upazamita kiyA jA ske| isa avasthA meM pahuMcate hI sAdhaka asIma AnaMda ke sarovara meM DUba jAtA hai| bAhara ke sAre saMbaMdha chUTa jAte haiN| isa bhUmikA se vApasI kI koI saMbhAvanA nahIM rhtii| vaha pratikSaNa Age bar3hatA calatA hai| usake sAdhanA ke naye-naye dvAra khulate jAte haiM / usameM apUrva vIryollAsa jagatA hai tathA asAdhAraNa sAmarthya prakaTa hotA hai| vaha pratikSaNa pUrva meM ananubhUta Atmazuddhi kA anubhava karane lagatA hai| use hara kSaNa nayI-nayI anubhUtiyA~ hone lagatI haiN| isIlie isa guNa-sthAna ko apUrvakaraNa guNamthAna kahate haiN| pariNAmoM kI isa vizuddhi ke bala se sAdhaka ke aMdara eka apUrva zakti jAgRta hotI hai tathA kaSAyoM ke viruddha bhAvI saMgharSa-yAtrA kA yahIM se zubhAraMbha hotA hai joki dasaveM guNa-sthAna taka jArI rahatA hai| 9. anivRttikaraNa : aSTama guNa-sthAna ko pAra kara sAdhaka isa navameM guNa-sthAna meM AtA hai aura cAritra mohanIya ke zeSa aMgoM ko upazamana karane athavA kSINa karane ke kArya ko vizeSa gati detA hai| isa bhUmikA meM Ane ke bAda itanI samatA A jAtI hai ki zarIra gata bheda hote hue bhI samAna kAla meM praviSTa hone vAle vibhinna sAdhakoM ke pariNAma bhI sadRza ho jAte haiN| pariNAmo gata nivRtti arthAt bheda na hone ke kAraNa hI isa guNa-sthAna ko anivRtikaraNa kahate haiN| pUrva meM kI gayI samasta sAdhanAoM kA phala yahAM spaSTa dikhane lagatA hai| isa guNa-sthAna meM Akara sAdhaka apane prabala sAdhanA ke prabhAva se moha senA ko naSTa upazamita kara sthUla kaSAyoM ko naSTa va upazAMta kara detA hai tathA sakSma kAma-vAsanAeM bhI yahA~ vinaSTa ho jAtI haiN| isIliye isako bAdara-sAmparAya bhI kahA jAtA hai| 1 ta vA 91118 2. cha pu 1/183

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AtmavikAsa ke kramonnata sopAna / 205 10. sUkSma-sAmparAya-anivRttikaraNa guNa-sthAna meM samasta sthUla-kaSAyoM ko upazAMta athavA kSINa kara eka mAtra saMjvalana lobha (vaha bhI atyaMta sUkSma) ke sAtha sAdhaka isa dasaveM guNa-sthAna meM praveza karatA hai / isIliye ise sUkSma-sAmparAya kahate haiN| jaise-guphA se zera ke cale jAne ke bAda bhI guphA meM zera kI gaMdha banI rahatI hai athavA pAnI kI dhAra sUkha jAne ke bAda bhI usake nizAna bane rahate haiN| aisI hI sthiti yahAM banatI hai / kaSAyoM kI dhAra to pUrva meM hI sUkha cukI aba usakI nizAna bhara bacI hai| vaha itanI sUkSma hotI hai ki dikhAI nahIM par3atI para AtmA ko prabhAvita karatI rahatI hai| isa guNa sthAna ke aMta samaya meM ukta sUkSma-lobha ko bhI upazamita athavA kSINa kara gyArahaveM athavA bArahaveM guNa-sthAna meM praveza kiyA jAtA hai| ___11. upazAMta moha : samasta mohanIya karma ko upazamita karane vAle sAdhaka isa gyArahavIM bhUmikA meM praveza karate haiN| cUMki yahAM kaSAeM pUrNatayA upazAMta rahatI haiM, ataH sAdhaka ko kucha kSaNa ke lie yahAM vItarAgatA kA anubhava to hotA hai lekina bhasmAcchAdita agni kI taraha bhItara kaSAyoM ke dabI rahane ke kAraNa ve kacha kSaNoM meM punaH udaya ko prApta ho jAte haiN| jisase sAdhaka mohapAza meM baMdhakara punaH nIce kI bhUmikAoM meM A jAtA hai| isa gaNa-sthAna se patana karane vAlA sAdhaka prathama 'mithyAtva' gaNa-sthAna taka bhI A sakatA hai| lekina punaH apane prayAsa ke dvArA Upara uThakara kaSAyoM ko prazamita athavA vinaSTa kara pragati bhI kara sakatA hai| 12. kSINa-moha : dasaveM guNa-sthAna meM sUkSma lobha kA kSaya karane vAle sAdhaka isa gaNasthAna meM Ate haiM | samasta mohanIya karma kA kSaya ho jAne ke kAraNa isakA 6 yaha sArthaka nAma hai| samasta karmoM meM mohanIya karma hI pradhAna hai| jisa prakAra saMgrAma meM senAnAyaka ke Ahata hote hI samasta senA svata: hI samarpita ho jAtI hai| usI prakAra mohanIya karma ke kSINa ho jAne se sAdhaka isa bhUmikA meM praveza kara zeSa jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa evaM aMtarAya saMjJaka ghAtiyA karmoM kA bhI nAza kara detA hai / isa guNa-sthAnavartI sAdhakoM kA kabhI patana nahIM hotaa| kaSAya ke kSINa ho jAne se inameM pUrNa vItarAgatA A jAtI hai, kitu abhI inakI yAvasthA dara nahIM hotii| (chadma arthAta leza mAtra bhI ajJAna jinameM vartatA ho. unheM chadyastha kahate hai)| ataH isa guNa-sthAna ko 'kSINa-kaSAya vItarAga-chadmastha' bhI kahate haiN| 13. sayoga kevalI : yaha sAdhaka kI paramAtma dazA kI upalabdhi kA ArohaNa hai| isa avasthA meM Ate hI sAdhaka paramAtma dazA ko prApta kara lete haiN| unheM bhagavattA kI upalabdhi ho jAtI hai| ye hI arihaMta kahalAte haiM / bArahaveM guNasthAna meM ghAtiyA karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne ke kAraNa isa guNa-sthAna meM praveza karate hI unheM anaMta jJAna, anaMta darzana, anaMta sukha aura anaMta vIrya kI sahaja upalabdhi ho jAtI hai| yahI pUrNa jJAnI kahalAte haiN| bhUta, bhaviSya aura 1 ta vA 9/1/21 2 tavA 9/1/22 3 5. sa TI gA 13

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206 / jaina dharma aura darzana vartamAna ke samasta padArthoM kA pratyakSa jJAna ho jAne ke kAraNa inheM sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI bhI kahate haiN| ye janma aura maraNa rUpa saMsAra ke paribhramaNa se mukta ho jAte haiN| anya darzanoM meM inheM jIvana mukta kahA jAtA hai| ise hI bhAva-mukti bhI kahate haiN| ye parama vItarAgI hote yoga sahita hone ke kAraNa ye 'sayogI' tathA kevala jJAna hone ke kAraNa kevalI' kahalAte haiN| karmoM ko jItakara hI yaha avasthA prApta hotI hai, isalie isa guNasthAna ko 'saMyoga kevalI jina' kahate haiN| jIvana-mukti aura deha-mukti meM antara jIvana-mukta hote hI ve mukti kA anubhava karane lagate haiM, ve pUrNa svataMtra ho jAte haiN| ise aise samajheM jaise koI aparAdhI varSoM taka kArAgRha meM kaida rahane ke bAda mukta kiyA jAtA hai, taba vaha apane bairaka se nikalate hI svataMtratA kA anubhava karane lagatA hai, kyoMki aba vaha kaidI nahIM rhaa| usakI ber3iyAM alaga kara dI gayI haiM, jela kI Dresa (paridhAna) bhI chUTa gayI hai vaha saz2A se mukta ho cukA hai| yadyapi vaha kArAgRha meM hI hai,phira bhI jelara ke anuzAsana se vaha mukta ho cukA hai, aba vaha jela se nikalane ko hai, para caukIdAra abhI cAbI lekara dvAra para nahIM pahuMcA hai| jaba taka daravAjA nahIM khulatA taba taka vaha kArAgRha se bAhara nahIM nikala paataa| phira bhI rahatA to svataMtra hI hai| dvAra khulate hI vaha bAhara A jAtA hai| jIvana-mukti deha ke kArAgRha se mukti kI ghoSaNA haiN| Ayu-karma ke dvAra kholane kI pratIkSA ko ghar3I hai| jaba taka Ayu-karma cAbI lekara nahIM A jAtA, taba taka kArAgRha se bAhara nahIM nikalA jA sktaa| jIvana-mukti aura deha-mukti meM yahI aMtara hai| 14. ayoga kevalI : Atmika vikAsa kA yaha aMtima caraNa hai| jIvana-bhara kI sAdhanA kA yaha carama par3Ava hai| terahaveM guNasthAnavartI 'sayoga-kevalI-jina' apane jIvana ke aMtima kSaNoM meM deha se mukti pAne ke lie vizuddha-dhyAna ke bala se yogoM kA pUrNatayA nigraha kara lete haiN| taba vaha Atmika vikAsa kI parAkASThA para pahuMca jAte haiN| yogAtIta ho jAne ke kAraNa isa guNa-sthAnavartI sAdhaka ko 'ayoga-kevalI' kahate haiN| isa avasthA meM sAdhaka AtmA apane utkRSTatama zukla dhyAna ke dvArA parvata kI taraha niSpakampa avasthA prApta kara lete haiN| aMta meM deha-tyAgapUrvaka siddha avasthA ko prApta kara lete haiN| kamoM kA Atyantika kSaya isI avasthA meM hotA hai / karmoM kA kSaya hote hI ve saMsAra ke baMdhana se pUrNatayA mukta ho jAte haiN| yahAM se jIvana pUrNa vikasita aura kRtya-kRtya ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke isa krama se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina darzana meM anAdi siddha paramAtmA ko nahIM svIkArA gayA hai| pratyeka jIva apane Atma vikAsa kI ina sIr3hiyoM para ArUr3ha hokara paramAtma dazA ko prApta kara sakatA hai| 1. go. sA jI. kA 64 2. cha.pu. 1/192

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AtmavizvAsa ke kramonnata sopAna/207 guNa-sthAnoM meM Aroha-avaroha kA krama isa prakAra ina caudaha guNa-sthAnoM se hotA huA jIva apanI AtmavikAsa kI yAtrA ko pUrNa karatA hai| Atmika pariNati se jur3e hone ke kAraNa ye atyaMta sUkSma hote haiN| hama apanI buddhi se ina guNa-sthAnoM ko pahacAna nahIM skte| inheM to apane anubhava dvArA hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| itanA avazya hai ki ina guNa-sthAnoM ke prApta hone para ukta guNasthAna kathita guNa hamAre AcaraNa meM avazya A jAte haiN| una AcaraNoM ke AdhAra para hI guNa-sthAnoM kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| hamAre bhAvoM ke utAra-car3hAva ke anurUpa inameM kSaNa-kSaNa meM parivartana hote rahate haiN| inameM ArohaNa evaM avarohaNa kA bhI eka nizcita krama hai| Aie eka dRSTi hama una para bhI DAleM : kramAMka guNasthAnoM ke nAma ArohaNa avarohaNa 3,4,5,7, mithyAtva sAsAdana samyak -mithyA-dRSTi avirata samyaka-dRSTi saMyatAsaMyata pramatta-saMyata apramatta-saMyata apUrvakaraNa anivRttikaraNa 3,2,1 4, 3, 2, 1 5,4,3, 2, 1 6,4 (maraNa kI apekSA) 7.4 (-" -) 8, 4 (-"-) 9 (-"-) sUkSma sAmparAya 11 (upazama zreNI) 12 (kSaNaka zreNI) 13 upazAMta -moha kSINa-moha sayoga-kevalI ayoga kevalI 14 mokSa isa prakAra jaina dRSTi se AtmavikAsa ke krama kA yaha sAmAnya digdarzana hai| isake vizeSa parijJAna ke liye jaina karma sAhitya par3hanA caahiye| . jesi ko 2247

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ahiMsA zrAvakAcAra muni AcAra sallekhanA jainAcAra

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ahiMsA * ahiMsA avyavahArya nahIM * hiMsA ke bheda pA~ca vrata

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jainAcAra AcAra aura vicAra vyaktitva ke samAna zakti vAle do pakSa haiN| donoM anyonyAzrita haiN| vicAroM ke AdhAra para hI hamArA AcaraNa phalatA hai, tathA AcaraNa se hI vicAro me sthiratA AtI hai| ina donoM pakSoM ke saMtulita vikAsa hone para hI vyaktitva kA vizuddha vikAsa hotA hai| isa prakAra ke kaha hone para hI vyaktitva kA vizuddha vikAsa ko hama jJAna aura kriyA kA vikAsa kaha sakate haiM,jo duHkha mukti ke lie anivArya hai| AcAra aura vicAra kI isI anyonyAzritatA ko dRSTigata rakhate hue, bhAratIya tattva citakoM ne dharma aura darzana kA sAtha-sAtha pratipAdana kiyA hai| unhoMne eka ora jahA nanvajJAna kI prarUpaNA kara darzana kI prasthApanA kI hai to vahI dUsarI ora AcAra zAstro kA nirUpaNa kara sAdhanA kA mArga prazasta kiyA hai| bhAratIya paramparA me AcAra ko dharma tathA vicAra ko darzana kahA gayA hai| jaba mAnava vicAro ke garbha meM praveza karatA hai taba darzana janma letA hai tathA jaba vicAroM ko AcaraNa me DAlatA hai, taba dharma prakaTa hotA hai| dharma tathA darzana parampara pUraka hai / eka ke binA dUsarA ekAgI aura apUrNa hai / darzanarahina AcaraNa adhA hai| jisa AcaraNa meM viveka kI jagamagAtI jyoti nahIM hai vaha mahI aura galata kI adha galiyoM me bhaTakatA rhegaa| AcAra kA mArgadarzaka vicAra hai| vicAra hI AcAra ko manmArga para calAnA hai| dUsarI ora AcAra-rahita vivAra pagu hai / mukti ke mAdhanA patha para AcAra rahita mAdhaka Age nahIM bar3ha sktaa| dIpaka ke bAre meM vidvat carcA meM prakAza pragaTa nahI hotA, prakAza to dIpa jalAne kI kriyA (AcaraNa) me hI pragaTa hotA hai| isa taraha AcArarahita vicAra aura vicArarahita AcAra dono hI nirarthaka hai| dono kA samanvaya hI maccI dharma sAdhanA hai jisake dvArA mukti kI maMjila prApta kI jA sakatI hai| jaina paramparA meM AcAra aura vicAra ko samAna sthAna diyA gayA hai| ahimA mUlaka AcAra aura anekAMta mUlaka vicAra kA pratipAdana jaina paramparA kI pramukha vizeSatA hai| ahiMsA ahisA jainAcAra kA prANa tattva hai| ise hI paramabrahma aura paramadharma kahA gayA hai| ahiMsA kA jitanA sUkSma vivecana aura AcaraNa jaina paramparA meM milatA hai utanA kisI anya meM nhiiN| ahisA kA mUlAdhAra Atma sAmya hai| pratyeka AtmA cAhe vaha sUkSma ho yA sthUla, sthAvara ho

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212 / jaina dharma aura darzana yA trasa, tAttvika dRSTi se sabhI samAna haiN| sabhI jIvoM meM eka sI hI AtmA kA vAsa hai| sukha-duHkha kA anubhava pratyeka prANI ko hotA hai| jIvana-maraNa kI pratIti saba karate haiN| jisa prakAra hameM jIvana priya hai maraNa apriya,sukha priya hai duHkha apriya, anukUlatA priya hai pratikUlatA apriya, lAbha priya hai hAni apriya,svataMtratA priya hai parataMtratA apriya, usI prakAra anya prANiyoM ko bhI jIvanAdi priya hai, tathA maraNa Adi apriya, isalie hamArA karttavya hai ki hama mana se bhI kisI prANI ke vadha Adi kI bAta na soceM / zarIra se kisI ko kaSTa pahuMcAnA to pApa hai hI,mana aura vacana se bhI isa prakAra kI pravRtti karanA pApa hai / mana, vacana aura kAya se kisI bhI prANI ko kaSTa na pahuMcanA hI saccI ahiMsA hai| vanaspati Adi ekendriya prANI se lekara mAnava taka ke prati ahiMsaka AcaraNa kI bhAvanA jaina paramparA kI pramukha vizeSatA hai| ise ahiMsaka AcAra kA paramotkarSa bhI kaha sakate haiN| AcAra kA yaha ahiMsaka vikAsa jaina saMskRti kI amUlya nidhi hai| ahiMsA avyavahArya nahIM jaina dharma meM pratipAdita isa ahiMsA ko na samajha pAne ke kAraNa kucha loga ise kAyaratA kI jananI samajhate haiM tathA kucha loga aise bhI haiM jo siddhAntata: ise zreSTha samajhate hue bhI use avyavahArya mAnate hai| unakA yaha mAnanA hai ki ahiMsA acchI cIja hote hue bhI use pAlA nahIM jA sakatA. isalie vaha avyavahArya hai| yaha unakI nAsamajhI kA hI pariNAma hai| na to ahiMsA kAyaratA hai aura na hI vaha aisI hai ki usako pAlA hI na jA sake, jisase ki hama use avyavahArya kaha skeN| hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke svarUpa para gaharAI se vicAra karane para ukta AzaMkA ko sthAna hI nahIM miltaa| kisI jIva ko mAranA mAtra hiMsA nahIM hai| hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA saMbaMdha to hamAre bhAvoM se hai| ise hameM vyApaka arthoM meM samajhanA caahie| yUM to saMsAra meM sarvatra jIva bhare haiM, tathA ve prati samaya apane-apane nimittoM se marate rahate haiN| itane mAtra se koI hiMsaka nahIM ho sktaa| jaina dharma ke anusAra hiMsA rUpa pariNAma hone para hI kisI ko hiMsaka kahA jA sakatA hai| hiMsA kI paribhASA batAte hue AcArya umA svAmI ne kahA hai ki : "pramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNaM hiMsA" -ta. sU.7 ___arthAt jaba koI pramAdI banakara,jAnabUjhakara, asAvadhAnI athavA lAparavAhI se kisI bhI jIva kA ghAta karatA hai athavA kaSTa pahuMcAtA hai tabhI use hiMsaka kahA jA sakatA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki hiMsA tIna paristhitiyoM meM hotI hai| pahalI jAnabUjhakara-abhiprAyapUrvaka, dUsarI asAvadhAnI yA lAparavAhI janya tathA tIsarI hiMsA na cAhate hue bhI, pUrNa sAvadhAnI baratane para bhI, acAnaka/anAyAsa kisI jIva kA vadha ho jAne para / jaba koI svArtha-prerita vyakti kaSAyAviSTha ho kisI para bAra karatA hai to yaha hiMsA kaSAya prerita hiMsA kahalAtI hai| tathA jaba hamArI asAvadhAnI yA lAparavAhI se kisI kA ghAta hotA hai athavA kisI ko kaSTa pahuMcatA hai to vaha hiMsA asAvadhAnIkRta hiMsA kahI jAtI hai| lekina para ko kaSTa

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jainAcAra / 213 pahu~cAne kI bhAvanA se zUnya pUrNataH sAvadhAna vyakti dvArA yadi anAyAsa kisI prANI kA ghAta ho jAtA hai to ukta paristhiti meM use hiMsaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isa bAta ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya zrI kundakunda kahate haiM ki - pra. sA. "uccAlidammi pAe iriyA samidassa Niggama ThANe / AbAghejja kuliMgaM marijja taM jogamAsejja // Na hi tassa taNimitto baMdho suhamo vi desido samaye " 1 arthAt yadi koI manuSya sAvadhAnIpUrvaka jIvoM ko bacAte huye dekhabhAla kara cala rahA hai, phira bhI yadi kadAcit koI jIva usake pairoM ke nIce Akara mara bhI jAe to use tajjanya hiMsA saMbaMdhI sUkSma pApa bhI nahIM lagatA kyoMki usake mana meM hiMsA ke bhAva nahIM haiM tathA vaha sAvadhAna hai| isake viparIta yadi koI manuSya "merI isa pravRtti se kisI kA ghAta ho rahA hai yA nahIM, kisI ko kaSTa pahuMca rahA hai yA nahIM" isa bAta kA vicAra kie binA ekadama lAparavAhI aura asAvadhAnI se cala rahA hai to use hiMsAnimittaka pApa avazya lagegA bhale hI jIva kA vadha ho yA na ho / "maradu va jIvadu va jIvA ayadAcArassaNicchidA hiMsA / payadassa Natthi baMdho hiMsA mitteNa samidassa // "2 arthAt yadi koI asAvadhAnIpUrvaka ayatnAcArI banakara apanI pravRtti kara rahA hai to jIva mare yA na mare, use tajjanya pApa se koI bacA nahIM sakatA, tathA sAvadhAnI se prayatnapUrvaka calane vAle manuSya dvArA hiMsA ho jAne para bhI vaha pApa kA bhAgIdAra nahIM hotA / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina dharma meM mAnya hiMsA aura ahiMsA jIvoM ke vadhAvadha para nirbhara na hokara hamAre bhAvoM para AdhArita hai| dravya hiMsA aura bhAva hiMsA kI ukta vyAkhyA ko hama loka pracalita isa udAharaNa se mahajatayA se samajha sakate haiN| mAna leM - kisI zahara meM eka sAtha tIna ghaTanAeM ghaTa jAtI haiN| pahalI meM eka DAkU eka vyakti ko mArakara usakA dhana lUTa letA hai, dUsarI meM eka vAhana durghaTanA meM eka vyakti kI jAna jAtI hai, to tIsarI meM oNparezana Tebala para eka vyakti kA jIvana samApta hotA hai / tInoM ghaTanAoM meM eka-eka vyakti ke nimitta se eka-eka vyakti kA jIvana samApta huA hai / sthUla dRSTi se dekhane para tInoM kA pariNAma (pratiphala) bhI eka hI hai| lekina tInoM kI mAnasikatA meM bahuta aMtara / yahI kAraNa hai ki pulisa bhI tInoM para alaga-alaga jurma kAyama karatI hai tathA adAlata meM bhI DAkU, DrAivara aura DAkTara tInoM ko alaga-alaga nirNaya sunAyA jAtA hai / pahalI ghaTanA meM DAkU ko hatyA ke Aropa meM AjIvana kArAvAsa athavA mRtyudaNDa bhI diyA jAtA hai| usake prahAra se yadi sAmane vAlA baca bhI jAe to bhI hatyA ke prayAsa ke kAraNa use kar3I sajA bhoganI par3atI hai, kyoMki yaha hisA svArtha se prerita abhiprAya pUrvaka huI hai / dUsarI ora vAhana durghaTanA meM huI mRtyu ke lie, tathyoM ke AdhAra para yadi ayogya vAhana ho athavA DrAivara ke asAvadhAna hone para use kucha sajA dI jAtI hai / yaha 1. pra. sA. mU. gA. 2 pra. sA. mU. gA.

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214 / jaina dharma aura darzana asAvadhAnIkRta hiMsA hai| yadi DrAivara sAvadhAna hotA hai to ukta ghaTanA TAlI jA sakatI thii| tIsarI ora DAkTara ko koI aparAdhI nahIM kahatA, apitu DAkTara sAhaba to aMtima bacAne kI koziza meM lage rahe, yaha kahakara unakI sarAhanA kI jAtI hai| pulisa aura adAlata bhI usakA kucha nahIM karate / rogI ke saMbaMdhI bhI yahI kahate haiM ki DAkTara sAhaba ne to bahuta prayatna kiyA lekina kyA kareM, hamArA to bhAgya hI aisA thaa| _ hiMsA aura ahisA kI ukta dhAraNA se spaSTa hai ki hiMsA aura ahisA hamAre bhAvoM para hI nirbhara hai| dravya hiMsA hI hisA nahIM, vastutaH bhAva hiMsA hI vAstavika hiMsA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki kisI ko kaSTa pahuMcAne yA ghAta hone para bhI koI vyakti taba taka hisaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA jaba taka ki usakA vaisA abhiprAya nahIM ho athavA asAvadhAnI na ho| isake viparIta yadi kisI kA abhiprAya kisI ke ghAta karane kA ho tathA bahuta koziza karane para bhI vaha usakA kucha aniSTa na kara sakA ho to vaha jIva hisaka hI mAnA jaayegaa| dUsaroM kA ahita cAhane vAlA sabase pahale apanA ahita karatA hai| kahA bhI hai svayamevAtmAtmAna hinastyAtmA prmaadvaan| prANyaMtarANAMtu pazcAda syAdvAnavAvadhaH / / isaliye jaina dharma meM hisA ko dravya hisA aura bhAva hisA ke bheda se do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| atyana sAvadhAnI aura sadaabhiprAya hone para bhI jaba kisI kA ghAta ho jAtA hai taba vaha dravya hisA kahalAtI hai, tathA kisI ko mArane yA satAne ke abhiprAya athavA asAvadhAnI ke bhAva ko bhAva hisA kahate haiN| vastuta. bhAva hisA hI hisA hai| bhAva hisA se sabadha hone para hI dravya hisA, hisA kahalAtI hai| kitu dravya hisA ke hone para bhAva hisA anivArya nhii| ata hamAre bhAvo ke anusAra hI hisA aura ahisA kA samIkaraNa banatA hai| bhAvoM para AdhArita hisA aura ahisA kI ukta vyAkhyA se spaSTa hai ki pUrNa sAvadhAnI se pravRtti karane vAle hisA kI bhAvanA se rahita manuSya ke dvArA yadi kisI jIva kA ghAta ho jAtA hai to vaha usake pApa kA bhAgIdAra nahI hai| ataH ahisA ko avyavahArya nahI kahA jA sktaa| hamArA to yahI karttavya hai ki hama apane svArtha se prerita hokara kisI ko kaSTa pahuMcAne kA kabhI bhAva na kareM,tathA hamArI pravRtti se jIvoM kA kama se kama ghAta ha bAta ko dhyAna rakhakara apane jIvana kA nirvAha kre| hamArI pravRtti meM jitanI sAvadhAnI hogI hama utane hI ahisaka kahalA skeNge| hiMsA ke bheda ahisA kA vyAvahArika rUpa se pAlana ho sake.isaliye hisA ke cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM:1. saMkalpI hisA 2. ArabhI himA 3. udyogI hisA 4. virodhI hiNsaa| 1 mAnavatA kI dhurI 143 2 sarvA si pR272 3 je si ko 4/532

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jainAcAra / 215 1. saMkalpI hiMsA : saMkalpapUrvaka kisI jIva kA ghAta karanA athavA use kaSTa pahuMcAnA saMkalpI hiMsA hai / kasAiyoM dvArA pratidina asaMkhya pazuoM ko mauta ke ghATa utArA jAnA isI saMkalpI hiMsA kA pariNAma hai| AtaMkavAda.jAtIya saMgharSa.sAmprAdAyika daMgoM evaM apane manoraMjana athavA mAMsAhAra ke liye zikAra Adi karanA isI saMkalpI hiMsA kI paryAya hai| isake atirikta dharma ke nAma para kI jAne vAlI pazuoM kI bali bhI isI saMkalpI hiMsA kI koTi meM AtI hai| 2. AraMbhI hiMsA : gharelU kAma-kAjoM meM dainika kAryoM ke nimitta se jo hiMsA hotI hai vaha AraMbhI hiMsA kahalAtI hai| isake aMtargata bhojana banAnA, jhAr3anA, buhAranA, nahAnA, dhonA Adi kriyAeM AtI haiN| 3. audyogika hiMsA : gRhastha ko apane jIvana ke nirvAha ke liye arthopArjana anivArya hai| usake lie khetI-bAr3I, naukarI, vyavasAya athavA bar3e-bar3e udyoga dhaMdhoM dvArA hone vAlI hiMsA, audyogika hiMsA kahalAtI hai| 4. virodhI hiMsA : apane tathA apane kuTumbiyoM ke jAna-mAla kI rakSA ke liye athavA dharma, dharmAtayana, tIrtha, maMdira evaM saMtoM para Ane vAlI bAdhAo ke nirAkaraNa ke liye tathA apane rASTra kI asmitA kI rakSA karane ke lie AtatAiyoM athavA AkramaNakAriyoM se mukAbalA karate hue jo hisA karanI par3atI hai, vaha virodhI hisA hai| sAdhaka gRhastha ko cAroM prakAra kI hisA kA tyAga kara pAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| usako apane dainika jIvana kI AvazyaktAo kI pUrti hetu ArabhI va udyogI hisA karanI hI par3atI hai| ata: ukta donoM prakAra kI hisA umake lie aparihArya hai| itanA hone para bhI vaha yadvA-tadvA koI bhI kArya nahIM karatA hai| vaha apanI pratyeka kriyAoM meM pUrNa sAvadhAnI rakhatA huA yatnAcArI pravRtti karatA hai| apana vyavasAya meM bhI vaha isakA dhyAna rakhatA hai| usa prakAra ke vyavasAya ko vaha bhUlakara ke bhI nahI apanAtA jisameM jIvoM kI adhika hiMsA hotI ho. sAtha hI bahujIva vadhakArI udyoga bhI vaha nahI kholatA isI taraha virodhI hisA se bhI vaha nahIM baca pAnA hai / yadyapi vaha svaya kisI se bhI akAraNa vaira/virodha nahIM letA,kit yadi koI uma para AkramaNa kare to vaha umase bacane ke liye DaTakara mukAbalA karatA hai| AkramaNakArI, AtatAyI, atyAcArI kA sAmanA kara use sabaka sikhAnA hI gRhastha kA virodhI himA kA abhipreta artha hai| vaha usake lie kSamya hai| usake binA samAja meM arAjakatA baDha jaaegii| yadi koI deza para AkramaNa kara hamAre astitva ko cunautI detA hai to isa bhAvanA ma ki imama vyartha meM khUna bahegA, Darakara muMha chupAnA ahiMsA nahIM kAyaratA hai| ahimA kAyaratA nahI, vaha to vIroM kA bhUSaNa hai, kSatriyoM kA dharma hai| jaina dharma ke sabhI tIrthakara kSatriya vazI the| unhoMne rASTra kI rakSA evaM svecchAcArI rAjAoM ke kuzAsana ko kucalane ke lie apane jIvana meM aneka bAra digvijaya yAtrAeM karake samasta rASTra ko eka sUtra meM bAMdhA thaa| maurya samrATa caMdragupta, meghavAhana,samrATa khAravela evaM vIra senApati cAmuNDarAya jaise aneka jaina vIra yoddhA hue, jinhoMne apane raNa kauzala se

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216 / baina dharma aura darzana rASTra kI rakSA kara bhAratIya itihAsa ko gauravAnvita kiyA hai| vastuta: jaina dharma una kSatriyoM kA dharma thA, jo yuda-sthala meM duzmana kA talavAra se satkAra/sAmanA karanA jAnate the aura kSamA karanA bhI jAnate the| jaina dharma ke anusAra apane astitva aura svAbhimAna kI rakSA ke lie astra uThAnA aparAdha nahIM,dharma hai| unakI lar3AI nyAya ke liye nyAyapUrvaka hotI thii| baina rAjanIti ke vyAkhyAtA AcArya somadeva sUrI ne isI bAta ko spaSTa karate huye kahA hai ki raNAMgana meM astra-zastroM se sasajjita zatra tathA dezadrohI vyakti para hI rAjAgaNa apane zastra kA prahAra karate haiM na ki kamajora, nihatthe,kAyaroM aura sadAzayI niraparAdha puruSoM pr| yaHzastra sahito samare ripu syAt yaH kaNTako vA nijamaNDalasya astrANi tatraiva nRpA kSipanti na dInakAnIna zubhAzayeSu / ' arthAt astra-zastra se susajjita hokara raNAMgana meM jo zatru banakara AyA ho yA apane deza kA dazmana banakara AyA ho.rAjAgaNa usI para apane astra kA prahAra karate hai| jaina rAjanIti kA yahI AdhAra hai| isa nyAyapUrNa yuddha meM bhI isakI ahiMsA khaMDita nahIM hotii| hiMsaka bhI zatru se yuddha karatA hai aura ahiMsaka bhI, donoM ke dvArA yuddha meM bhISaNa narasaMhAra hotA hai| phira bhI hiMsaka nirdayI aura ahiMsaka dayAlu hI banA rahatA hai kyoMki vaha apane isa kRtya para prasanna nahIM hotaa| vaha sirpha hiMsA ke lie hiMsA kA rAstA nahIM apanAtA apitu paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa use hiMsA karanI par3atI hai| hiMsaka aura ahiMsaka kI mAnasikatA meM mahAn aMtara hotA hai| hiMsaka ke aMdara hai AkramaNa, ahiMsaka ke aMdara hai kevala rakSA, hiMsaka ke hRdaya meM rahatA hai dveSa aura ahiMsaka ke hRdaya meM rahatI hai kSamA,hiMsaka ko apane dvArA kie gae narasaMhAra ko dekhakara harSa hotA hai to ahiMsaka ko hotA hai pshcaattaap| apanI isI manasthiti ke kAraNa gRhastha apanI choTI-moTI aparihArya hiMsAoM ke hone para bhI ahiMsaka banA rahatA hai| vastuta: vaha hiMsaka nahIM hai, hiMsA use karanI par3a rahI isase yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ahiMsA kAyaratA nahIM hai,jIvana se palAyana bhI ahiMsA kA uddezya nahIM hai| ahiMsA to vyavahArika jIvana ko saMtulita banAkara sva aura para ke ghAta se bacane kA upAya hai| ahiMsA kAyaratA nahIM apitu mAnava meM mAnavatA ko pratiSThita karane kA anuSThAna hai| pAMca vrata jainAcAra meM isI ahiMsA ke anupAlanArtha satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, aura aparigraha vrata rUpa paMcasUtrIya AcAra kI prarUpaNA kI gayI hai| ukta pAMcoM vratoM kA mukhya uddezya ahiMsA kA anupAlana hI hai| jaise kheta kI phasala kI surakSA ke lie usake cAroM ora bAr3ha lagAI 1. basti klikacampu pRSTha96

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jainAcAra / 217 jAtI hai, vaise hI satyAdi ahiMsA kI rakSA ke lie lagAye jAne vAle bAr3ha kI taraha hai| AtmavikAsa meM bAdhaka karmoM ko rokane tathA unheM naSTa karane ke lie ahiMsA evaM tadAdhArita satyAdi vratoM kA paripAlana anivArya hai| isameM vyakti evaM samAja donoM kA hita nihita hai| vyaiktika utthAna evaM sAmAjika utkarSa ke liye asatya kA tyAga, anadhikRta vastu kA agrahaNa tathA saMyama kA paripAlana anivArya hai| inake abhAva meM ahiMsA kA vikAsa nahIM ho sktaa| pariNAmata: AtmavikAsa meM bahuta bar3I bAdhA upasthita ho jAtI hai| ina sabake sAtha aparigraha kA vrata bhI Avazyaka hai| parigraha AtmavikAsa kA prabala zatru hai| jahAM parigraha hotA hai vahAM AtmavikAsa ke sAre mArga avaruddha ho jAte haiN| itanA hI nahIM parigraha AtmA ke adhaHpatana kA bahuta bar3A kAraNa banatA hai| parigraha kA artha hI hai pApa kA saMgraha / yaha Asakti se bar3hatA hai tathA Asakti ko bar3hAtA hai| isI kA nAma mUrchA hai| jyoM-jyoM parigraha adhika bar3hatA hai tyoM-tyoM Asakti bar3hatI jAtI hai| jitanI adhika Asakti bar3hatI hai utanI hI adhika hiMsA baDhatI hai| yahI hiMsA mAnava samAja meM vaiSamya utpanna karatI hai| isI se Atmapatana bhI hotA hai| aparigraha vRtti ahiMsAmUlaka samyak AcAra ke paripAlana ke lie anivArya hai| mukhya rUpa se samAja meM baira-virodha bar3hAne vAlI vRttiyoM ke niyaMtraNa ke lie hI ukta vratoM kI vyavasthA dI gayI hai| hiMsA mata karo, jhUTha mata bolo, corI mata karo, kuzIla mata karo tathA parigraha kA saMcaya mata kro| ina niSedhAtmaka niyamoM se hI manuSya ke AcaraNa kA pariSkAra saralatama rIti se kiyA jA sakatA hai| hiMsAdika pAMca pApa sAmAjika pApa haiN| manuSya kI inhIM pravRttiyoM se Aja mAnava samAja pradUSita ho rahA hai jo vyakti jitane aMzoM meM inakA parityAga karatA hai vaha utanA hI sabhya aura samAja-hitaiSI mAnA jAtA hai| jitane adhika vyakti isakA pAlana kareMge, samAja utanA hI adhika zuddha, sukhI aura pragatizIla bnegaa| jaina zAstroM meM ukta vratoM para bahuta jora diyA gayA hai| jaina sAdhanA kA mUlAdhAra ukta vata hI hai| isa para hI jaina sAdhanA kA bhavana TikA hai| isake abhAva meM sAdhanA kI hI nahIM ho sktii| ukta pAMca vratoM ke paripAlanArtha vratoM ke do stara sthApita kie gae haiN| prathama hai sAdhu mArga aura dvitIya zrAvaka mArga yA gRhastha mArga / inheM kramazaH sAdhu dharma aura zrAvaka dharma bhI kahate haiN| sAdhu mArga nivRttimUlaka hai / hiMsA, jhUTha, corI kuzIla aura parigraharUpI pAMcoM pApa ke paripUrNa tyAga se yaha prAraMbha hotA hai| sAdhanA kA rAjamArga yahI hai,kyoMki ukta pAMcoM pApa hI hamAre AtmavikAsa ke sabase bar3e avarodhaka haiN| inase vimukha hue binA AdhyAtmika Ananda A hI nahIM sktaa| zrAvaka mArga yA gRhastha mArga kA nirvAha ukta pApoM ke AMzika tyAga se hotA hai| isakA pAlana samAja meM rahane vAle manuSya apanI kSamatA ke anurUpa karate haiN| gRhastha mArga tyAga aura bhoga ke bIca saMtulita jIvana jIne kI paddhati hai| sAdhu jIvana meM jahAM AdhyAtmika jIvana kA caramotkarSa hai, to zrAvaka jIvana bhI naitika aura AdhyAtmika jIvana mUlyoM ke kramika vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha mAnavIya guNoM kA saMcAra karatA hai| sAdhu dharma jahAM vyakti ko AtmakeMdrita banAkara pUrNa nivRtti kA mArga prazasta karatA hai, to zrAvaka dharma

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218 / jaina dharma aura darzana mAnava mAtra meM naitika aura dhArmika guNoM kA AropaNa kara eka zreSTha iMsAna banAtA hai| isa taraha hama sAdhu dharma ko vyakti dharma tathA zrAvaka dharma ko samAja dharma bhI kaha sakate haiN| samasta jainAcAra, zrAvakAcAra yA gRhasthAcAra tathA zramaNAcAra yA sAdhvAcAra ke rUpa meM vibhAjita hai| agale adhyAyoM meM kramazaH inake svarUpa para pUrNa vicAra kreNge| ahiMsA kI vyApakatA jaina dharma kI ahiMsA, ahiMsA kA carama rUpa hai| jaina dharma ke anusAra manuSya, pazu, pakSI, kIr3e-makor3e Adi ke atirikta pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati meM bhI jIva hai| miTTI ke Dhele meM kIr3e Adi jIva to haiM hI, paraMtu miTTI kA DhelA svayaM pathvI kAyika jIvoM ke zarIra kA piDa hai| isI taraha jala binda meM yatroM ke dvArA dikhane vAle aneka jIvoM ke atirikta yaha svayaM jala-kAyika jIvoM ke zarIra kA piMDa hai| yaha bAta agnikAya, Adi ke viSayoM meM bhI samajhanI caahie| isa prakAra kA kucha vivecana pArasiyoM kI dharma pustaka 'AvestA' meM bhI milatA hai| jaise hamAre yahAM pratikramaNa kA rivAja hai usI taraha unake yahAM bhI pazcAttApa kI kriyA karane kA rivAja hai| isa kriyA meM jo maMtra bole jAte haiM unameM se kucha kA bhAvArtha isa taraha hai-"dhAtu-upadhAtu ke sAtha jo maiMne durvyavahAra (aparAdha) kiyA ho usakA maiM pazcAttApa karatA huuN|" "jamIna ke sAtha maiMne jo aparAdha kiyA ho usakA meM pazcAttApa karatA huuN|" "pAnI athavA pAnI ke anya bhedoM ke sAtha jo maiMne aparAdha kiyA ho usakA maiM pazcAttApa karatA huuN|" "vRkSa aura vRkSa ke anya bhedoM ke sAtha jo maiMne aparAdha kiyA ho usakA maiM pazcAttApa karatA huuN|" mahatAba, AphatAba, jalatI agni, Adi ke sAtha jo maiMne aparAdha kiyA ho maiM usakA pazcAttApa karatA pArasiyoM kA vivecana jainadharma ke pratikramaNa-pATha se milatA-julatA hai jo ki pArasI dharma ke Upara jainadharma ke prabhAva kA sUcaka hai| svAmI rAmabhakta ke lekha 'jainadharma meM ahiMsA se uddhata varNI-abhinaMdana-grantha pa. saM. 134-35

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zrAvakAcAra zrAvaka kA artha zrAvaka ke bheTa pAkSika zrAvaka aSTamRla guNa nauSThika zrAvaka gyAraha pratimAe mAdhaka zrAvaka

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zrAvakAcAra zrAvaka kA artha zrAvakAcAra kA tAtparya hai-gRhastha kA dharma / 'zrAvaka' zabda kA sAmAnya artha hai-sunane vaalaa| jo guruoM ke upadeza ko zraddhApUrvaka sunatA hai, vaha zrAvaka hai| zrAvaka zabda tIna akSaroM ke yoga se bnaa| zra' 'va' 'ka' isameM 'a' zraddhA kA.'va' viveka kA tathA 'ka' kartavya kA pratIka hai| isa prakAra zrAvaka kA artha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo zraddhAlu aura vivekI hone ke sAtha-sAtha karttavyaniSTha ho, vaha zrAvaka hai| zrAvaka ke artha meM, upAsaka, sAgAra, deza virata, aNuvratI Adi aneka zabda Ate haiN| guruoM kI upAsanA karane vAlA hone se use upAsaka, AgAra/ghara sahita hone se sAgAra gRhI yA gRhastha, tathA aNuvratadhArI hone se aNuvratI, dezavratI yA deza saMyata kahA jAtA hai| vratoM ke paripAlana kramAnusAra zrAvaka ke tIna bheda kie gae haiM--pAkSika, naiSThika aura sAdhaka / ' pAkSika pAkSika kA artha hai jo jinendra bhagavAn ke pakSa ko grahaNa kara nukA hai, pAkSika zrAvaka kI zreNI meM ve sabhI zrAvaka A jAte haiM jo jinendra bhagavAn ke pakSa ko grahaNa karate haiM tathA jaina kula kramAnusAra apanA AcaraNa rakhate haiN| yaha gRhastha kI prAthamika bhUmikA hai| isa bhUmikA vAle zrAvaka meM sabhI Avazyaka naitika guNa A jAte haiN| jaina AcAra zAstrAnusAra eka Adarza gRhastha vahI hai jo nyAyapUrvaka AjIvakApArjana karatA hai / guNI puruSoM evaM guNoM kA sammAna karatA hai / vaha hitakArI aura satya vANI bolatA hai| dharma,artha aura kAma rUpa tIna puruSArthoM kA paraspara avirodha se sevana karatA hai / ina puruSArthoM ke yogya strI,bhavanAdi ko dhAraNa karatA hai / lajjAzIla hotA hai, anukUla AhAra-vihAra karane vAlA hotA hai / sadAcAra ko apane jIvana kI nidhi mAnane vAle satpuruSoM kI sevA meM sadA tatpara rahatA hai| hitAhita vicAra meM dakSa,jitendriya aura kRtajJa hotA hai| dharma kI vidhi ko sadA sunatA hai, usakA mana dayA se dravIbhUta rahatA hai, tathA pApa bhIrU hotA hai / ukta caudaha vizeSatAoM se bhUSita vyakti hI eka Adarza gRhastha kI zreNI meM samAviSTa hotA hai|' - 1. sAtha 1/20 2.je.si. kA 4/46 3. nyAyopAta dhana yajan guNa guruNa sadrInivarga bhajana nanyonyAnuguNaM tadaha gRhaNI sthAnAlayo hImayaH / yuktAhAra vihAra Arya samitiH prAjJaH kRtajJovazI zruNvana dharma vidhi dayAlu radhamIH sAgAra dharma cret| -sa... II

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222 / jaina dharma aura darzana deva, guru aura dharma ke prati samarpita pAkSika zrAvaka gRhastha kI ukta sabhI vizeSatAoM kA pAlana karatA hai| usake ATha mUla guNa hote haiN| vaha hisAdika pAcoM pApoM kA sthUla rUpa se tyAga karatA hai tathA madya, mAsa aura madhu kA bhI sevana nahI karatA hai| isa prakAra pAca aNuvrata eva madya, mAsa, madhu kA tyAga pAkSika zrAvaka ke ye ATha mUla guNa hote haiM / ahiMsANuvrata apane svArtha kI pUrti ke lie rAga-dveSapUrvaka kisI jIva ko mana, vacana, kAya se pIDA pahucAnA hisA hai| isa hisA ke sthUla tyAga ko ahisANuvrata kahate haiN| jaina dharma me usa aura sthAvara ke bheda se do prakAra ke jIva batalAye gae haiN| "vanaspati Adi sthAvaroM eva vasoM kI pUrva kathita caturvidha himA meM se ArabhI, udyogI aura virodhI hisA to gRhastha ke lie aparihArya haiN|" ata vaha sirpha sakalpI hisA kA tyAga karatA hai, arthAt vaha sakalpapUrvaka mana, vacana aura kAya se kisI bhI trasa prANI kA ghAta apane manorajana eva svArthapUrti ke lie nahI karatA hai tathA zeSa tIna prakAra kI hisA ko bhI apane vivekapUrvaka kama karatA hai| aticAra sAvadhAnIpUrvaka vratoM kA pAlana karate rahane para bhI ajJAna athavA pramAdavaza kucha aisI bhUleM ho jAtI hai jo vrato ko malina kara detI haiN| isa prakAra kI bhUlo ko aticAra kahate haiN| aticAra se Azaya una pravRttiyo se hai, jo vrato ko dUSita karatI hai| isa prakAra ke aticAroM se bacanA caahie| ___ahisANuvrata ke pAca aticAra haiM-chedana, badhana, pIDana, atibhArAropaNa, AhAra vAraNA yA annapAna nirodh|' ___chedana durbhAvanApUrvaka pAlatU pazu-pakSiyoM ke nAka-kAna Adi chedanA, nakela lagAnA, nAtha denA Adi 'chedana' hai| badhana pAlatU pazu-pakSiyoM ko isa taraha bAdhanA ki ve hila-Dula bhI na sakeM tathA makAna me AgAdi lagane para prANa rakSA ke lie bhAga bhI na sakeM 'badhana' hai| pIDana DaDA, beta, cAbuka Adi se ghAta karanA, apane pAlatU pazuoM tathA parijanoM ko pIDA pahucAnA tathA kaThora eva apamAnajanaka zabdoM kA prayoga kara kisI ko pIDA pahucAnA 'pIDana' nAma kA aticAra hai| atibhArAropaNa kSamatA se adhika bojha lAdanA atibhArAropaNa hai| durbhAvanAvaza apane Azrita karmiyoM eva pazuoM para unakI kSamatA se adhika bhAra lAdanA, unase adhika kAma lenA Adi saba 'ati bhArAropaNa' kI paryAya hai| -ra. ka.mA.66 1 madya mAsa madhu tyAge sahANuvatapacakam / aSTI mUlaguNAnAhu~ pahiNA zramaNottamA / / 2 rakabA 53 3 rakabA 54

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zrAvakAcAra | 223 AhAra vAraNA/annapAna-nirodha-durbhAvanAvaza apane AzritoM ke annapAna kA nirodha karanA, unheM jAnabUjhakara bhUkhA rakhanA,samaya para unake lie bhojana-pAnI kI vyavasthA na karanA AhAra vAraNA hai,ise annapAna nirodha bhI kahate haiN| satyANuvrata ahiMsA kI ArAdhanA ke lie satya kI upAsanA bhI anivArya hai| jhUThA vyakti sahI arthoM meM ahiMsaka AcaraNa kara hI nahIM sakatA tathA saccA ahisaka kabhI asatya AcaraNa nahIM kara sktaa| satya aura ahiMsA meM itanA ghaniSTa saMbaMdha hai ki eka ke abhAva meM dUsare kI ArAdhanA ho hI nahIM sktii| ye donoM eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiN| gRhastha ke lie jhUTha kA sarvathA tyAga saMbhava nahI hai| isalie use sthUla jhUTha kA hI tyAga karAyA jAtA hai| jisa jhUTha se samAja meM pratiSThA na rahe, prAmANikatA khaDita hotI ho logoM meM avizvAsa utpanna hotA ho tathA rAjadaMDa kA bhAgI bananA par3e, isa prakAra ke jhUTha ko sthUla jhUTha kahate haiN| satyANuvratI zrAvaka isa prakAra ke sthUla jhUTha kA mana, vacana, kAya se sarvathA tyAga karatA hai, sAtha hI vaha kabhI aisA matya bhI nahI bolatA jisase kisI para Apatti AtI ho| vaha to apanI ahiMsaka bhAvanA kI marakSA ke lie hita-mita aura priya vacanoM kA hI prayoga karatA hai| aticAra satyANuvrata ke pAMca aticAra haiM--parivAda, rahobhyAkhyAna, kUTalekha kriyA, nyAsapahAra aura paishuny| 1. kisI kI niMdA karanA athavA kimI ke sAtha gAlI-galauca karanA parivAda hai| 2. dUsaroM ke gupta rahasyoM ko ujAgara kara denA rahAbhyAkhyAna hai 3. jhUThe dastAveja taiyAra karanA, jhUThe lekha likhanA, jhUThI gavAhI denA, kimI ke jAlI hastAkSara banAnA athavA jhUThA aMgUThA lagAnA, kimI para jhUThe Aropa lagAnA yaha saba kUTalekha kriyA hai| 4. cugalI karanA paizunya hai| 5. dUsaroM kI dharohara ko har3apa lenA nyAmApahAra hai| bhavana- bhUmi Adi kA avaidha kabjA bhI isI ke aMtargata AtA hai| acAyANuvrata corI bhI hiMsA kA hI rUpa hai| ahisA ke samyaka paripAlana ke lie corI kA tyAga bhI Avazyaka hai| jaba kisI kI koI cIja corI ho jAtI hai athavA vaha kisI prakAra se ThagA jAtA hai to use bahuta mAnasika pIr3A hotI hai, usa mAnasika pIr3A ke pariNAmasvarUpa 1. raka zrA 55 2. raka.zrA 56

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224 / jaina dharma aura darzana kabhI-kabhI hRdayAghAta (hArTaphela) bhI ho jAtA hai| ataH corI karane se ahiMsA nahIM pala sakatI tathA corI karane vAlA satya kA bhI pAlana nahIM kara sakatA kyoMki satya aura corI donoM sAtha-sAtha nahIM ho sakate / jisa para apanA svAmitva nahIM hai aisI kisI bhI parAI vastu ko binA anumati ke grahaNa karanA corI hai| zrAvaka sthUla corI kA tyAga karatA hai| vaha jala aura miTTI ke sivA binA anumati ke kisI ke bhI svAmitva kI vastu kA upayoga nahIM krtaa| hAM, sArvajanika vastueM jo saba ke lie khulI hoM, usake lie use kisI se anumati kI jarUrata nahIM hotI / vaha mArga meM par3I huI, rakhI huI yA kisI kI bhUlI huI, alpa yA adhika mUlya vAlI kisI vastu ko grahaNa nahIM karatA / 1 acauryANuvratI ukta prakAra kI samasta coriyoM kA tyAga kara detA hai jisake karane se rAjadaMDa bhoganA par3atA hai| samAja meM avizvAsa bar3hatA hai tathA prAmANikatA khaMDita hotI hai / pratiSThA ko dhakkA lagatA hai| kisI ko ThaganA, kisI kI jeba kATanA, kisI kA tAlA tor3anA, kisI ko lUTanA, DAkA DAlanA, kisI ke ghara seMdha lagAnA, kisI kI saMpatti har3apa lenA, kisI kA gar3A dhana nikAla lenA Adi saba sthUla corI ke udAharaNa haiM / acauryANuvratI inakA tyAga karatA hai / aticAra acauryANuvrata ke pAMca aticAra haiM- 1. caura prayoga, 2. caurArtha AdAna, 4. hInAdhika vinimAna aura 5. pratirUpaka vyavAhara 12 3. vilopa, 1. caura prayoga : taraha-taraha ke upAya batAkara corI meM sahAyaka honA, corI kI yojanA banAnA, coroM ko preraNA denA tathA coroM kI prazaMsA karanA, dUsaroM se corI karavAnA tathA corI kA anumodana karanA caura prayoga hai| 2. caurArthAdAna : jAnabUjhakara corI kA mAla kharIdanA, unheM giravI rakhanA, coroM se saMbaMdha banAe rakhanA, taskarI kA sAmAna kharIdanA caurArthAdAna hai / 3. vilopa: rAjakIya niyamoM kA ullaMghana karanA, jaise kisI kI saMpatti ko chIna lenA yA har3apa lenA, bhUmi-bhavana para avaidha kabjA karanA, sArvajanika athavA zAsakIya bhUmi para atikramaNa kara adhikAra jamA lenA Adi kriyAeM vilopa haiN| 4. hInAdhika vinimAna: gailana, mITara Adi mApa haiM, aura kilo, tolA, grAma Adi taula / mApa-taula ke sAdhana bAMTa Adi meM kamatI-bar3hatI rakhakara vyApAra meM adhika lene aura kama dene kI niyata rakhanA honAdhika vinimAna hai / 5. pratirUpaka vyavahAra milAvaTa karanA, adhika mUlya kI vastu meM alpa mUlya kI vastu milAkara becanA, zuddha vastu meM azuddha vastu milAnA, nakalI vastuoM kA vyApAra karanA Adi sabako pratirUpaka vyavahAra kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra pavitra meM apavitra vastu milAkara anucita lAbha uThAnA zrAvaka ke lie varjita hai / 1raka zrI. 57 2 ra ka zrI 58

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zrAvakAcAra | 225 brahmacaryANuvrata yaunAcAra ke tyAga ko brahmacarya kahate haiN|' gRhastha apanI kamajorIvaza pUrNa brahmacarya grahaNa nahIM kara paataa| usake lie vivAha kA mArga khulA hai| gRhastha vivAha karake kauTumbika jIvana meM praveza karatA hai| usake vivAha kA pramukha uddezya dharma, artha aura kAma puruSArthoM kA sevana karanA hI hotA hai| vivAha ke bAda vaha apanI patnI ke atirikta anya sabhI striyoM ko mAtA-bahana aura putrI kI taraha samajhatA hai, tathA patnI apane pati ke sivA anya sabhI puruSoM ko pitA, bhAI aura putra kI taraha samajhatI huI apane pati ko sevA meM hI saMtuSTa rahatI hai / ise brahmacaryANuvrata yA svadAra saMtoSa vrata kahate haiN| isake bhI pAMca aticAra haiN|' aticAra 1. anya vivAha karaNa : dUsare ke vivAha karAne kA vyavasAya karanA, dina-rAta usI ciMtana meM lage rahanA, jinakA vivAha karanA, apane gArhasthika kartavya meM sammilita nahIM hai, unakA sneha va lobhavaza vivAha karanA anya vivAhakaraNa hai| 2. anaMga krIr3A : vikRta aura ucchaMkhala yaunAcAra meM ruci rakhanA, aprAkRtika maithuna karanA, anaMga krIr3A hai| 3. viTatva : kAma saMbaMdhI kuceSTAoM ko viTatva kahate haiN| 4. kAmatIvAbhiniveza : kAma kI tIvra lAlasA rakhanA, niraMtara usI ke ciMtana meM lage rahanA, kAmottejaka nimittoM kA saMyojana karanA kAma tIvrAbhiniveza hai| 5. itvarikAgamana : caritrahIna strI-puruSoM kI saMgati meM rahanA, vyabhicAriNI striyoM ke sAtha uThanA-baiThanA,unase saMbaMdha banAe rakhanA itvarikAgamana haiN| parigraha-parimANavata dhanya dhAnyAdi bAhya padArthoM ke prati mamatva, mUrchA yA Asakti ko parigraha kahate haiN| manuSya ke pAsa jitanI adhika saMpatti kI kAmanA hotI hai usake pAsa utanA hI adhika mamatva, mUrchA yA Asakti hotI hai| apanI isI Asakti ke kAraNa AvazyakatA na hone para bhI vaha adhikAdhika dhana prApta karane kI koziza karatA hai, kiMtu jaise-jaise lAbha hotA hai vaise-vaise lobha bhI bar3hatA hI jAtA hai| vaha apane isI lobha ke kAraNa adhikAdhika dhana-saMgraha karatA hai| parigraha kI hor3a meM dina-rAta becaina rahatA hai| yaha lobha aura tRSNA hI hamAre duHkha kA mUla kAraNa hai| dhana-saMpatti se sukha kI kAmanA karanA Aga se Aga bujhAne kA prayAsa karane kI taraha hai| yadyapi AvazyakatAeM bahuta sImita haiN| una AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti thor3e se prayatna se kI jA sakatI hai, kiMtu AkAMkSAoM ke anaMta hone ke kAraNa manuSya meM aura-aura jor3ane 1. maithUnamabrahma ta sU. 7/16 2. ra katrA 59 3 ra ka. zrA60

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226/ jaina dharma aura darzana kI bhAvanA banI rahatI hai / icchA to AkAza kI taraha anaMta hai| usakI kabhI pUrti ho hI nahIM sakatI / icchAoM kA niyaMtraNa hI icchA tRpti kA zreSTha sAdhana hai| ataH AkAMkSAoM kI isa aMtahIna paraMparAoM ko dekhate hue AvazyakatAoM ke anurUpa unheM sImita banAne kA prayAsa karanA hI saccA puruSArtha hai| isI se ahiMsA kI sahI sAdhanA ho skegii| isI dRSTi se jaina gahastha apanI AvazyakatAoM ke anarUpa dhanya-dhAnyAdi bAhya padArthoM kI sImA banAkara utane meM hI saMtoSa rakhatA hai| usake atirikta padArthoM ke prati koI mamatva nahIM rakhatA / isase sahaja hI vaha apanI aMtahIna icchAoM ko eka sImA meM bAMdha letA hai, isalie ise icchA parimANavata bhI kahate haiN| aticAra parigraha parimANavata ke pAMca aticAra haiM- 1. ativAhana, 2. atisaMgraha, 3. ativismaya, 4. atilobha aura 5. atibhAra vahana / 1. ativAhana : adhika lAbha kI AkAMkSA se zakti se adhika daur3a-dhUpa karanA, dina-rAta usI AkulatA meM ulajhe rahanA tathA dUsaroM se bhI niyama viruddha adhika kAma lenA 'ativAhana' hai| 2. atisaMgraha : adhika lAbha kI icchA se upabhogya vastuoM kA adhika samaya taka saMgraha karake rakhanA arthAt adhika munAphAkhorI ko bhAvanA rakhakara adhika, saMgraha karanA 'atisaMgraha hai| . ativismaya : apane adhika lAbha ko dekhakara ahaMkAra meM DUba jAnA tathA dUsaroM ke adhika lAbha meM viSAda karanA,jalanA,kur3hanA, hAya-hAya. karanA ativismaya' hai| 4. atilobha : manacAhA lAbha hote hue bhI aura adhika lAbha kI AkAMkSA karanA, kraya-vikraya ho jAne ke bAda bhAva ghaTa-bar3ha jAne se adhika lAbha kI saMbhAvanA ho jAne para ise apanA ghATA mAnakara saMkleza karanA 'atilobha' hai| 5. atibhAra vahana : lobha ke vaza hokara kisI para nyAya-nIti se adhika bhAra DAlanA tathA sAmane vAle kI sAmarthya se bAhara kAma lenA Adi 'atibhAra vahana hai| aSTamUlaguNa ukta hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha ke tyAga ke sAtha-sAtha madya, mAMsa aura madhu ke sevana kA tyAga pratyeka jaina gRhastha kA mUla guNa hai| ye jainoM ke mUla cihna haiN| jisa prakAra mUla/jar3a ke zuddha aura puSTa hone para vRkSa bhI sabala aura sarasa hotA hai, usI prakAra mUlabhUta uparyukta niyamoM se jIvana alaMkRta hone para sAdhaka mukti patha meM pragati karanA prAraMbha kara detA hai| ___ vartamAna yuga kI ucchaMkhala bhogonmukha pravRtti ko dRSTigata rakhate hue bAda ke AcAryoM 1.ra kazrA61 2. rakabA 62

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zrAvakAcAra/ 227 ne mUla guNoM meM kucha sazodhana kara alaga prakAra se parigaNanA kI hai, kitu sabhI kI mUla bhAvanA ahisAtmaka AcaraNa kI surakSA kI hI rahI hai| eka AcArya ne mUla guNoM ko nimna prakAra se parigaNita kiyA hai madya,mAsa,madhu,rAtri-bhojana,pIpala,Umara,baDa kamara/ajIra,pAkara sadRza paca udambara phaloM kA tyAga / arihata, siddha, AcArya upAdhyAya aura mAdhu nAmaka paca parameSThiyo kI stuti. jIva dayA tathA pAnI ko vastra dvArA acchI taraha chAnakara pInA yaha ATha mala gaNa hai| uparyukta AThoM bAte ahisA kI dRSTi se kahI gayI hai. arthAta eka jaina zrAvaka ko itane niyamoM kA pAlana to avazya hI karanA caahie| isake binA vaha nAma kA jeno bhI nahIM kahalA sktaa| jaina hone ke yaha mana cihna hai| madya, mAma eva madhu to spaSTa hisA ke kAraNa hone se tyAjya hI hai, kyoki inake mevana me sakalpI hisA hai tathA isa prakAra kA AhAra manuSya kI prakRti ke viruddha bhI hai| kucha loga tathAkathita ahisaka rAhada ko (jo madhumakkhiyoM ke uDane/uDAne ke bAda nikAlI jAtI hai) khAne kI salAha dete hai| unakI yaha dalIla hai ki usame madhumakkhiyo kA ghAta nahI hotA, ata usake khAne meM koI doSa nahI hai| lekina unakI ukta mAnyatA ThIka nahI hai| zahada kA sevana kisI bhI artha me nirdoSa nahIM hai kyoMki zahada to madhumakkhiyo kI ugAla (thaka) hai| kisI bhI prANI ke ucchiSTha padArtha kA sevana ziSTajana nahIM karate tathA uma zahada me anya bhI choTe choTe trasa jIva pAye jAte hai| ata eka ahimaka mahamtha ke lie to yaha tyAjya hI hai| baDa,pIpala, pAkara, Umara (gUlara), kaThumara (ajIra) ina pAco phanno me dRdha nikalane ke kAraNa ye kSIra phala bhI kahalAte hai| inake adara bahamakhyA me trama jIva pAe jAte hai| ata inakA bhI tyAga karanA caahie| jala gAlana jala me aneka trama jIva pAe jAne hai| ve itane mRkSma hote hai ki dikhAI nahI paDate / Adhunika vaijJAniko ne sUkSmadarzI yatrA kI sahAyatA se dekhakara eka bRTa jala me 36450 jalacara jIva batAe hai / jaina gratho ke anusAra ukta jIvoM ko makhyA kAphI adhika hai / aisA kahA jAtA hai ki eka jala bidu me itane jIva pAe jAte hai ki ve yadi kabUtara kI taraha uDe to pUre jambU dvIpa ko vyApta kara le| ukta jIvo ke bacAva ke lie pAnI ko vastra se chAnakara pInA caahie| manusmRti me bhI 'dRSTipRtam nyasenavAdama vastrapUtam' pivet jalam' kahakara pAnI chAnakara pIne kI malAha dI gayI hai| 1 madya pala madhu nizAzana pacaphalIvirati pacakAnanuti jIva dayA jalagAlanamiti ca kvacidaSTa mala guNA sA dha2118 2 (a) eka vindUvA jIvA parAvana smaaydi| bhutvA caranti cejjambu dIpo'pi pUryate yana // vana vidhAna sagraha (ba) egammi udaga vidumi je jIvA jiNavarehiM paNNattA / te jaI sarasimittA jambU dIveNa mAyati // pravacana mAroddhAra 3 manusmRti 6/46

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228 / jaina dharma aura darzana anachanA pAnI pIne se hiMsA kI saMbhAvanA to rahatI hI hai, aneka prakAra ke rogoM kA zikAra bhI honA par3atA hai| Ajakala to cikitsaka bhI chanA jala pIne kI hI salAha dete haiN| vastra dvArA pAnI chAnane kA pramukha uddezya karuNA hai, usake sAtha-sAtha aneka rogoM se bhI bacAva ho jAtA hai| abhI kucha dina pahale bhArata ke rASTrapati DaoN. zaMkaradayAla zarmA kAlIna uparASTrapati) ne eka dharmasabhA ko saMbodhita karate hue iMdora kI eka ghaTanA sunAkara pAnI chAnakara pIne kA mahattva batAte hue kahA thA ki "kucha dina pUrva iMdaura ke eka muhalle meM eka vizeSa prakAra kA roga phailA jisameM pUrA-kA-pUrA parivAra bistara pakar3a letA thaa| eka sImita kSetra meM hI roga se prabhAvI hone se cikitsaka ciMtita the| usa samaya yaha bhI dekhA gayA ki usa mohalle ke jaina parivAra meM isa roga kA lakSaNa nahIM dikhaa| DaoNkTara isase cakita the| bAda meM khoja karane para mAlama haA ki vaoNTara TaiMka jisase ki pUre mohalle meM pAnI vitarita hotA thA, kaI dinoM se usameM eka cir3iyA marI par3I thii| usake pUre zarIra meM kIr3e par3e the| isI kAraNa pUrA pAnI vikRta ho gayA thA, vaha viSAkta pAnI hI rogoM kA kAraNa banA thaa|" jaina parivAroM meM isa roga kA prabhAva na hone kA kAraNa chane jala kA upayoga hI thaa| Ajakala to jo nala kA pAnI AtA hai kaI bAra to usameM nAlI kA pAnI bhI A jAtA hai| kabhI-kabhI nala ke pAnI meM keMcueM bhI dekhe gaye haiM, aisI ghaTanAeM Aye dina samAcAra-patroM meM chapatI rahatI haiM / ataH pAnI ko chAnakara hI pInA caahie| pAnI chAnane kI vidhi jala ko atyaMta gAr3he (jisase sUrya kA biMba na dikhe) aise vastra ko doharA karake chAnanA caahie| channe kI laMbAI-caur3AI se Der3ha gunI honI caahie| aisA karane se ahiMsA vrata kI rakSA hotI hai tathA trasa jIva usa vastra meM hI raha jAte haiM, jisase chanA huA jala sa jIvarahita ho jAtA hai| trasa jIvoM kA rakSaNa hone se mAMsa bhakSaNa ke doSoM se baca jAtA hai| jala chAnane ke pazcAt chanane meM bace jala ko eka-dUsare pAtra meM rakhakara usake upara chane jala kI dhAra chor3anI cAhie usake bAda use mUla zrota meM pahuMcA denA caahie| isake lie kar3IdAra bAlTI rakhI jAtI hai, jise jala kI sataha para le jAkara ur3elA jAtA hai, aisA karane se unako dhakkA nahIM lagatA tathA karuNA bhI pUrI taraha palatI hai| ukta kriyA ko jIvANI kahate haiN| chanA huA jala eka muhUrta taka sAmAnya garma jala chaH ghaMTe taka tathA pUrNataH ubalA jala caubIsa ghaMTe 1.vata vidhAna sagraha 1 30 para uddhRta 2. vaseNAtisUpInane gAlita natpivejalam ahiMsA vata rakSArtha mAsa doSApanodane / amvugAlita zeSa tannakSipeta kvacidanyataH, tathA kUpa jala nadayA tajjalakUpa vAriNi // dha sa. zrAvakAcAra a.6

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zrAvakAcAra / 229 taka upayoga karanA caahie| isake bAda usameM trasa jIvoM kI punarutpatti kI saMbhAvanA rahane se unakI hiMsA kA Dara rahatA hai| rAtri bhojana tyAga rAtri bhojana kA bhI pratyeka gRhastha ko tyAga karanA caahie| rAtri meM bhojana karane se trasa 1 muhUrta gAlita toya prAsuka prahara dvym| uSNodaka mahorAtra tata. samurchina bhavet // vata vidhAna magraha pR 31 2 jenetara gratho me bhI jala chAnakara pIne kA prAvadhAna kiyA gayA hai / liga purANa meM to yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai ki eka machalI mArane vAlA varSa bhara me jitanA pApa arjita nahI karatA utanA pApa binA chane jala kA upayoga karane vAlA eka dina meM kara letA hai| savatsareNa yatpApa kurute matsyavedhaka / ekAhena tadApnoti apUta jala sagRhI / / (liga purANa 202) uttara mImAsA me to jala chAnane kI vidhi bhI jaina paraparA ke anurUpa batAyI hai, triMzadgula pramANa vizanyagulamAyata / tadvasva diguNI kRtya gAlayeccodaka pibet tasmin vaskhe sthitA jIvA sthApayejjalamadhyata / eva kRtvA pivettoya sa yAti paramArgAnam / / (uttara mImAsA 203) arthAt tIsa agula labe aura bIsa agula caur3e vastra ko doharA karake usase chAnakara jAla pie tathA usa vastra me jo jIva hai unako usI jalAzaya me (jahA se vaha jala AyA hai, vahI para sthApita kara denA cAhie / isa prakAra se jo manuSya jala pItA hai vaha uttama gati ko prApta karatA hai| sayama prakAza uttarArddha 1/102 para udbhuta rAtri bhojana tyAga ke mahattva ko anya dharmoM aura mapradAyo me bhI batAyA gayA hai / mahAbhArata meM naraka ke cAra dAroM me rAtri bhojana kA prathama dvAra batAte hue rdhAipTara me rAtri meM jala bhI na pIne kI bAta kahate hue kahA gayA hai narakadvAraNi catvAri prathama rAtri bhojana / parastrI gamana caiva mandhAnAnanta kAyike / / ye rAtrI sarvadAhAra varjayanti sumeghasa / teSA pakSopavAsasya phala mAmena jAyate / / nodakamapi pAtabya rAtrAvatra yudhissttir| tapasvinA vizeSeNa gRhiNAca vivekinA (mahAbhArana) arthAt rAtri bhojana karanA, parastrI gamana karanA, acAra, murabbA Adi ke sevana karanA tathA kadamUla Adi anatakAya padArtha khAnA ye cAra naraka ke dvAra hai| uname pahalA rAtri bhojana karanA hai| jo rAtri meM maba prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga kara dete hai unhe eka mAha meM eka pakSa ke upavAsa kA phala milatA hai| he yudhiSThira ! rAtri me to jala bhI nahI pInA cAhie, vizeSakara tapasviyoM eva jJAna sapanna gRhasthoM ko to rAtri meM jala bhI nahI pInA caahie| jo loga madya aura mAsa kA sevana karate haiM, rAtri meM bhojana karate hai tathA kadamUla khAte hai unake dvArA kI gayI tIrthayAtrA tathA japa aura napa maba vyartha hai| madyamAsAzana rAtrI bhojana kanda bhkssnnm| ye kurvanti vRthA teSA tIrthayAtrA japastapaH / / (padmapurANa) garur3a purANa meM rAtri meM anna ko mAsa tathA jala ko khana kI taraha kahA gayA hai astagate divAnAce Apo rudhira mucyate / anna mAsa sama prokta mArkaNDeya maharSiNA / arthAt divAnAtha yAnI sUrya ke asta ho jAne para mArkaNDeya maharSi ne jala ko khana tathA anna ko mAsa kI taraha kahA hai| ataH rAtri kA bhojana tyAga karanA caahie|

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230 / jaina dharma aura darzana hisA kA doSa lagatA hai| bhale hI balba Adi ke prakAza meM Apa apane bhojana ko dekhate haiM kitu usameM par3ane vAle jIvoM kI nahIM bacA skte| kucha kITa-pataMga to unake prakAza meM hI Ate haiM, aura bhojya sAmagrI para girate rahate haiN| ataH rAtri meM bhojana karane se trasa hiMsA se bacA nahIM jA sktaa| dina meM sUrya prakAza hone ke kAraNa unakA sadbhAva nahIM pAyA jaataa| isakA kAraNa sUrya prakAza meM pAyI jAne vAlI alTrAvAyaleTa (Ultravoilet) aura inphrAreDa (Infrared) nAma kI adRzya kiraNeM haiN| sUrya ke prakAza meM ukta donoM nAma vAlI.adRzya aura garma kiraNe nikalatI rahatI haiN| usake prabhAva se sUkSma jIva dina meM yahAM kahIM chipa jAte haiM tathA naye jIvoM kI utpatti nahIM hotI / rAtri hote hI ve nikalane lagate haiN| sUrya prakAza ke atirikta prakAza ke kisI anya srota meM ukta kiraNeM nahIM pAyI jaatiiN| isalie rAtri hote hI ye nikalane lagate hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki barasAta ke dinoM meM bhI dina meM balba jalAne para kIDe nahIM aate| ataH trasa hiMsA se bacane ke lie rAtri-bhojana kA tyAga anivArya hai| rAtri bhojana svAsthya kI dRSTi se bhI hAnikara hai| cikitsA zAstriyoM kA abhimata hai ki kama se kama sone ke tIna ghaMTe pUrva taka bhojana kara lenA caahie| jo loga rAtri bhojana karate haiM ve bhojana ke turaMta bAda so jAte haiM jisase aneka rogoM kA janma hotA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha ki sUrya prakAza meM kevala prakAza hI nahIM hotA, apitu jIvanadAyinI zakti bhI hotI hai| sUrya prakAza se hamAre pAcana taMtra kA gaharA saMbaMdha hai| jisa prakAra sUrya kA prakAza pAkara kamaladala khila jAte haiM tathA usake asta hote hI sikur3a jAte haiM, usI prakAra jaba taka sUrya prakAza rahatA hai taba taka usameM rahane vAle pUrvokta garma kiraNoM ke prabhAva se hamArA pAcana taMtra ThIka kAma karatA hai| usake asta hote hI usakI gatividhi maMda par3a jAtI hai, jisase aneka rogoM kI saMbhAvanA bar3ha jAtI hai ataH rAtri meM bhojana kA tyAga karanA hI caahie| pAkSika zrAvaka yadi rAtri bhojana kA pUrNataH tyAga nahIM kara pAtA to kama se kama pAna, davA, jala, dUdha Adi kI chUTa rakhakara anya sthUla AhAra kA tyAga to karanA hI caahie|' isI taraha pAkSika zrAvaka ko paMcaparameSThi kI pUjA/stuti evaM prANiyoM para jIva dayA kA bhAva bhI rakhanA caahie| naiSThika zrAvaka vratadhArI zrAvaka naiSThika kahalAte haiN| 'naiSThika' zabda niSThA se niSpanna hai| vratoM kA pUrI niSThA se pAlana karane vAlA zrAvaka naiSThika hai| pAkSika zrAvaka apane vratoM ko kulAcAra ke rUpa meM pAlana karatA hai, usameM kadAcit aticAra bhI laga sakate haiM, kiMtu naiSThika zrAvaka niraticAra rUpa se vratoM kA pAlana karate haiN|' naiSThika zrAvaka kI gyAraha zreNiyAM batAI gaI haiM, jinheM gyAraha pratimAeM kahate haiN| 1. (a) sA. gha2/16 (ba) lA. sa. 2/92 2. je. si ko, 3/46 3 durlezyAmi-bhavAjAtu viSaye kvacidutsukaH / skhalannapi kvApi guNe pAkSikaH syAnnaH naiSThikaH / / sA. gha. 3/4

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zrAvakAcAra / 231 sAdhaka apanI zakti ko na chipAtA huA nicalI dazA se kramapUrvaka uThatA calA jAtA hai, ve haiM darzana, vrata, sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa, sacitta virata. divA maithuna, tyAga, pUrNabrahmacarya AraMbha tyAga,parigraha tyAga, anumati tyAga tathA uddiSTha tyaag| vairAgya kI prakarSatA ke anusAra inheM isa krama meM rakhA gayA hai ki dhIre-dhIre kramazaH ina para koI bhI ArUr3ha ho, jIvana ke aMtima lakSya ko prApta kara sakatA hai| ye gyAraha zreNiyAM uttarottara vikAsa ko lie haiN| sAdhaka pUrva-pUrva kI bhUmikAoM se uttarottara bhUmikAoM meM praveza karatA jAtA hai| jaise gyArahavIM kakSA meM praveza karane vAle meM dasavIM kakSA kI yogyatA honI cAhie, vaise hI uttara-uttara kI pratimAoM meM pUrva-pUrva ke guNa samaviSTa rahate haiN|' gyAraha pratimAeM Aiye aba hama kramapUrvaka unake svarUpa para vicAra kareM 1. darzana : parva kathita pAkSika zrAvaka kI samasta kriyAoM kA pAlana karane vAlA zrAvaka dArzanika kahalAtA hai| vaha zrAvaka ke AThoM mUla gaNoM ko niraticAra rUpa se pAlana karatA huA Age ke vratoM ke pAlana karane me utsuka rahatA hai| aba vaha saMsAra, zarIra aura bhogoM ke prati virakta citta rahatA huA paca parameSThi ke caraNoM meM pUrNataH samarpita rahatA hai|' bhogoM ke prati udAsInatA A jAne ke kAraNa vaha acAra murabbA Adi padArtha tathA jisameM phuI/phaphUMda lagI ho, jina vastuoM kA svAda bigaDa gayA ho aisI vastu bhI nahIM khAtA / vaha madya,mAMsa,madhu Adi kA sevana to karatA hI nahIM, isa prakAra ke nidya vyavasAya kA bhI tyAga kara nIti aura nyAyapUrvaka hI apane parivAra kA bharaNa-poSaNa karatA hai| 2. vrata pratimA : yaha zrAvaka kI dUsarI zreNI hai| isa zreNI vAle zrAvaka pUrvokta mUla guNoM ke sAtha pAMca aNuvratoM kA niraticAra pAlana karate hai| isa pratimA meM paMcANuvratoM ke mAtha-sAtha tIna gaNa vrata aura cAra 'zikSA vrata' pAle jAte haiN| isa prakAra vratI zrAvaka 5 +3+4 kula bAraha vratoM ko niHzalya hokara niraticAra pAlana karatA hai|' gaNa vrata-jisase aNuvratoM meM vikAma hotA hai unheM guNa vrata kahate haiN| guNavrata tIna he-digavata,dezavrata tathA anartha daMDa tyaag| digvata : jIvana paryanta ke lie dazoM dizAoM meM Ane-jAne kI maryAdA banA lenA divrata hai lobha ke zamana ke lie digavrata liyA jAtA hai, kyoMki isase maryAdIkRta kSetra se bAhara ke kSetra meM kitanA bhI bar3A pralobhana ho, vaha bAhara jAne kA bhAva nahIM rkhtaa| tathA apane sImita sAdhanoM meM hI saMtuSTa rahatA hai| tRSNA kI kamI ho jAne se yaha vyaktigata nirAkulatA kA sAdhana to hai hI, videzI udyoga kA niyamana ho jAne se deza kI saMpatti aura pratibhA bhI videza jAne se baca jAtI hai| dezavata : digvrata meM lI gayI jIvana bhara kI maryAdA ke bhItara bhI apanI 1. kA anu 305- 62 ra kazrA 136 3 ra ka zrA 1374 kA anu 3285ra kA zrI 138 6 (Ara kA.brA67 (ba) kaI AcArya deza vata ko zikSA vata meM lekara bhogopabhoga vata ko gaNa vata kahate hai| dekheM mahA pu. 10/165 7. raka. zrA688 kA anu 341-42

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232/ jaina dharma aura darzana AvazyakatAoM evaM prayojana ke anusAra AvAgamana ko sImita samaya ke lie kama karanA deza vrata kahalAtA hai| isa vrata meM vaha sImA bAMdha letA hai ki maiM amuka samaya taka amuka sthAna taka hI lena-dena kA saMbaMdha rkhuugaa| (usase bAhara ke kSetra se na to kucha vaha mAMgatA hai, na hI bhejatA hai) yahI usakA dezavata hai| icchAoM ko rokane kA yaha zreSTha sAdhana hai|' anarthadaMDa tyAga vrata : binA prayojana pApa ke kArya karane ko anarthadaMDa kahate haiN| inakA tyAga karanA anarthadaMDa tyAga vrata hai| isa vrata ke pAMca bheda haiM (1) pApopadeza binA prayojana khoTe vyApAra Adi pApa kriyAoM kA upadeza denaa|' (2) hiMsAdAna-astra-zastrAdi hiMsaka upakaraNoM kA dAna denA tathA unakA vyApAra karanA, isase dUsaroM kI jAna bhI lI jA sakatI hai| (3) apadhyAna koI hAra jAe, koI jIta jAe, amuka kA maraNa ho jAe, aguka ko lAbha ho jAe, amuka ko hAni ho jAe, binA prayojana isa prakAra ke ciMtana ko apadhyAna kahate haiN| vratI isakA bhI tyAga kara detA hai| ina kriyAoM meM vyartha hI samaya naSTa hotA hai, tathA pApa kA saMgraha hotA hai| (4) pramAda caryA-binA matalaba pRthvI khodanA, pAnI bahAnA, bijalI jalAnA, paMkhA calAnA, Aga jalAnA tathA vanaspati kATanA/tor3anA Adi pradUSaNa phailAne vAlI kriyAoM ko pramAda carcA kahate haiN|' (5) duHzrati citta ko kaluSita karane vAle azlIla sAhitya par3hanA, sunanA tathA azlIla gIta,nATaka evaM sinemA dekhanA duHzruti hai / citta meM vikRti utpanna karane vAle hone ke kAraNa vratI ko inakA bhI tyAga karanA caahie| isake atirikta dUsaroM se vyartha haMsI-majAka karanA,kutsita ceSTAeM karanA,vyartha bakavAda karanA tathA jisase svayaM ko koI lAbha na ho tathA dUsaroM ko vyartha meM kaSTa uThAnA par3e,isa prakAra hitAhita kA vicAra kiye binA koI bhI kArya nahIM karanA caahie| sAtha hI bhogApabhoga ke sAdhanoM ko AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha karanA bhI eka zuddha gRhastha ke lie anucita haiM / ye saba kriyAeM bhI anartha daMDa ke aMtargata hI AtI haiN| zikSAvata ukta tIna guNavatoM ke sAtha vaha cAra zikSAvratoM kA bhI pAlana karatA hai, ve haiM sAmAyika,proSadhopavAsa, bhogopabhoga, parimANa tathA atithi saMvibhAga vrt| inase muni banane kI zikSA/preraNA milatI hai| isalie inheM zikSA vrata bhI kahate haiN| vaha inheM vizeSa rUpa se pAlatA hai| sAdhu avasthA meM jina kAryoM ko vizeSa rUpa se karanA hotA hai unakA abhyAsa karanA hI zikSAvrata kA pramukha uddezya hai| 1. kA anu 367-68 2. vahI,393 3. vahI, 346 4. vahI, 367 5.rakA78 6. vahI,80 7. vahI,79 8. vahI 81 9. paga A 2082-83 10. zikSA abhyAsAya bataM (zikSA ktama) sApaTI.44

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zrAvakAcAra/233 1. sAmAyika-samaya AtmA ko kahate haiN| AtmA ke guNoM kA citana kara samatA kA abhyAsa karanA sAmAyika hai / gRhastha pratidina donoM saMdhyAoM meM eka sthAna para baiThakara samasta pApoM se virata ho Atma-dhyAna kA abhyAsa karatA hai| sAmAyika dhyAna kA zreSTha sAdhana hai| mana kI zuddhi kA zreSTha upAya hai / pAMcoM vratoM ko pUrNatA sAmAyika meM ho jAtI hai / sAmAyika ke kAla meM vaha vratI gRhastha,saMsAra,zarIra aura bhogoM ke svarUpa kA ciMtana kara apane mana ko unase virakta karane kA abhyAsa karatA hai / vaha vicAratA hai ki saMsAra azaraNa hai, azubha hai,saMsAra meM duHkha hI duHkha hai tathA vaha naSTa hone vAlA hai evaM mokSa usase viparIta hai|' isa prakAra kI bhAvanAoM dvArA apane vairAgya ko dRDhakara samatA meM sthira hotA hai / isa abhyAsa meM NamokArAdi padoM kA bAra-bAra niyata uccAraNa karanA sahAyaka hone se vaha bhI sAmAyika hai,paraMtu sAmAyika meM zabdoccAraNa kI apekSA ciMtana kI hI mukhyatA rahatI hai| 2. proSadhopavAsa : proSadha kA artha hotA hai ekAzana / ' donoM pakSoM kI aSTamI tathA caturdazI ko parva kahate haiM,parva ke dinoM meM ekAzanapUrvaka upavAsa karanA proSadhopavAsa vrata hai|' proSadhopavAsa kI vidhi : sAdhaka pratyeka pakSa kI aSTamI aura caturdazI ko upavAma karatA hai / isake pUrva saptamI aura trayodazI ko ekAzana karake jinAlaya yA guruoM ke pAsa jAkara cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karatA hai tathA zeSa dina dharmadhyAnapUrvaka bitAtA hai / isI prakAra aSTamI yA caturdazI ko bhI dharmadhyAnapUrvaka bitAkara navamI athavA paMdrasa ke dina prAtaH deva-pUjana kara abhyAgata atithi ko bhojana kagakara anAmakta bhAva se bhojana grahaNa karatA hai| yaha proSadhopavAsa vrata kI uttama vidhi hai| isameM amamartha rahane vAlA sAdhaka mAtra jala yA nIrasa bhojana karatA hai| usase bhI asamartha rahane vAloM ke lie kama se kama aSTamI aura caturdazI ko ekAzana karane kA vidhAna hai| isa vrata ke mAdhyama se pakSa meM kama se kama do dina maniyoM kI taraha ekAzana karane kA avasara mila jAtA hai| upavAsa ke dinoM ko ghara-gRhasthI aura vyavasAya dhaMdhe ke samasta kAryoM ko chor3akara dharmadhyAnapUrvaka bitAnA caahie| upavAsa kA artha mAtra bhojana kA tyAga hI nahIM hai, apita pAMcoM iMdriyoM ke viSayoM ko tyAgakara AtmA ke pAsa baiThane ko upavAsa kahate haiM / viSayoM se virakta hae binA upavAsa karanA niSphala hai| vaha to laMghana kI koTi meM AtA hai| 3. bhogopabhoga parimANa vrata : bhoga aura upabhoga ke sAdhanoM ko kucha samaya yA jIvana paryanta ke lie tyAga karanA bhogopabhoga parimANa vrata kahalAtA hai| bhojana, mAlA Adi eka hI bAra upayoga meM Ane yogya vastu ko bhoga kahate haiM tathA vastrAbhUSaNa Adi bAra-bAra upayoga meM Ane vAlI sAmagrI upabhoga kahalAtI hai| yaha bhogapabhoga parimANa vrata 1.ra ka. prAmU 97 2. vahI, 101 3. ra ka. prA mU. 104 4. proSadhaH sakRda muktiH / ra ka zrA. 109 5. vahI, 106 6. kA anu. TI. 358-359 7. sarvA. si. 7721, pR 280 8: rakabA 83

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234 / jaina dharma aura darzana vyaktigata nirAkulatA evaM sAmAjika sadbhAva donoM dRSTiyoM se upayogI hai, kyoMki isa vrata ke ho jAne para anAvazyaka vastuoM kA saMgraha/saMcaya aura upabhoga baMda ho jAtA hai| isase gRhastha anAvazyaka kharca aura AkulatA se baca jAtA hai tathA eka jagaha anAvazyaka saMgraha na hone se dUsaroM ke lie vaha sulabha ho jAtI haiN| anAvazyaka mAMga na hone ke kAraNa samAjavAda meM yaha vyavasthA bahuta hI upayogI hai ki vyakti apane upayoga kI hI vastu kA saMgraha kare / anAvazyaka vastuoM kA saMgraha hone se dUsare usake upabhoga se vaMcita ho jAte haiM / jo manuSya bhoga aura upabhoga ke sAdhanoM ko kama karake apanI AvazyakatAoM ko kama kara letA hai, usakA kharca bhI kama ho jAtA hai| kharca kama ho jAne se vaha sImita sAdhanoM meM bhI apane jIvana kA nirvAha kara letA hai| tRSNA ghaTa jAne se vaha nyAya aura nIti kA vicAra karake hI apanA kArya karatA hai / ataH isa vrata ke dhArI ko dUsaroM kI kaSTadAyI AjIvikA kI bhI jarUrata nahIM par3atI / bhogopabhoga parimANavratI apane khAna-pAna ko bhI sAttvika rakhatA hai| vaha madya, mAMsa, madhu kA tyAga to karatA hI hai, apane bhojana meM mAdakatA bar3hAne vAle padArthoM ko bhI nahIM letA / vaha to zarIra poSaka tattvoM ke sAtha saMtulita bhojana hI letA hai| isI prakAra vaha ketakI ke phUla, adaraka, gAjara, mUlI Adi jamIkaMdoM kA bhI sevana nahIM karatA kyoMki ve anaMtakAya hote haiM, arthAt inameM eka-eka ke Azraya se anaMtAnaMta nigodiyA jIva nivAsa karate haiM / isI prakAra aura bhI azuci padArtha jaise gomUtra Adi unakA bhI sevana nahIM karatA / vartamAna meM pracalita aisI auSadhiyAM jinake nirmANa kA ThIka se patA nahIM calatA tathA jinameM azuci padArthoM ke sammizraNa kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai yA jo peya auSadhi hai, usakA sevana bhI bhogopabhoga parimANavratI ko nahI karanA cAhie / 4. atithi saMvibhAga : jo saMyama ko pAlate hue bhramaNa karate haiM ? unako atithi yA sAdhu kahate haiM aise atithiyoM ko apane lie banAye gaye bhojana meM se vibhAga karake bhojana denA atithi saMvibhAga kahalAtA hai| vratI, zrAvaka pratidina apane bhojana se pUrva uttama, madhyama, jaghanya tIna prakAra ke pAtroM kI pratIkSA karatA hai| muni uttama pAtra hai, AryikA ailaka kSullaka, kSullikA yA vratI zrAvaka madhyama pAtra kahalAte haiM tathA sAmAnya jaina gRhastha jaghanya pAtra kahalAte haiN| tIna prakAra ke pAtroM meM jo bhI pAtra milate haiM unheM vaha zraddhA bhakti pUrvaka bhojana karAtA hai| 4 yadi koI munirAja milate haiM to ise apanA saubhAgya samajha, zraddhA, bhakti alubdhatA, dayA, kSamA aura viveka ina sAta guNoM se bhUSita hokara navadhA bhaktipUrvaka unheM AhAra detA hai| navadhA bhakti nimna hai (1) pratigraha (2) uccAsana (3) pAdaprakSAlana (4) pUjana (5) praNAma (6) manazuddhi 1 ra ka. zrA 84 2 sarvA si. 7/21, pR 280 3 vahI 4 kA. anu gA. 360 5 kA anu gA. TI., pR 263

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zrAvakAcAra/ 235 (7) vacana zuddhi (8) kAya zuddhi (9) anapAna zuddha / pratigraha : jaise hI vaha apane sAmane se kinhIM munirAja ko AhAra mudrA meM nikalate dekhatA hai to bar3e harSa ke sAtha nivedana karatA hai ki he / svAmI namo'stu ! namo'stu: Aie, Aie; Thaharie, Thaharie; hamArA AhAra jala zuddha hai| yadi munirAja usakI prArthanA sunakara Thahara jAte haiM to vaha unakI tIna pradakSiNA detA hai, phira vaha atyaMta vinaya ke sAtha unheM apane ghara meM praveza karane kA nivedana karatA hai, usakI ukta kriyA ko pratigraha yA par3agAhana kahate haiN| gaha-praveza hone ke bAda unheM uccAsana para virAjamAna kara sarvaprathama prAsaka jala se unake caraNoM ko dhokara ahobhAva se apane mastaka para lagAtA hai / tatpazcAt jala, gaMdha, akSata, puSpa, naivedya, dIpa, dhUpa aura phalarUpa aSTa dravyoM se unakI pUjA karatA hai| usake bAda unheM praNAma kara vaha nivedana karatA hai ki he svAmI hamArA manazuddha hai, vacana zuddha hai, zarIra se bhI hama zuddha haiM, hamAre dvArA nirmita AhAra jala bhI atyaMta zuddha hai kRpA kara bhojana grahaNa kiijie|' usake isa nivedana para munirAja jaba AhAra grahaNa karate haiM taba vaha pUrvokta, zraddhAdi sAtoM guNoM se yukta hotA huA AhAra dAna detA hai| ukta navadhA bhakti aura sAta guNoM kA jor3a solaha hotA hai isalie ise 'solA' kahate haiN| zuddhi ke artha meM rUr3ha solA kA artha mAtra vastrAdikoM kI zuddhi se na hokara ukta solaha zuddhiyoM se hI hai| isI prakAra zeSa pAtroM ko bhI yathAyogya vinaya karake vaha AhAra dAna detA hai| vaha sirpha AhAra dAna hI nahIM detA balki AvazyakatAnusAra auSadhi dAna bhI detA hai,samaya-samaya para muniyoM ko picchi,kamaMDalu evaM zAstrAdi upakaraNa bhI detA hai / isI prakAra muniyoM ke rahane yogya sthAna bhI banavAkara yA vyavasthA kara svayaM ko kRtArtha karatA hai / yaha saba kriyAeM usakI atithi saMvibhAga vrata ke aMtargata AtI hai| aisA kahA gayA hai ki isa prakAra abhyAgat atithi kI pUjA aura satkAra karane se usake dvArA gRha-kAryoM se arjita samasta karma dhula jAte haiM / 3. sAmayika : yaha naiSThika zrAvaka kI tIsarI zreNI hai| ise tIsarI pratimA bhI kahate haiN| isa zreNI meM Ate hI vaha pUrvagRhIta sabhI vratoM ke sAtha tInoM maMdhyAoM meM sAmAyika karatA hai| abhI taka vaha dina meM do bAra apanI suvidhAnusAra sAmAyika karatA thA, kiMtu isa zreNI meM Ate hI vaha tInoM saMdhyAoM meM kama se kama 48 minaTa taka sarvasaMkalpa vikalpoM ko chor3akara AtmaciMtana karatA hai / pUrva meM vaha sAmAyika abhyAsa rUpa meM karatA thA, aba vaha vrata ke sAtha karatA hai| sAmAyika vrata aura pratimA meM itanA hI aMtara hai|| 4. proSadhopavAsa : isa zreNI meM Ane para pUrva kI taraha parva ke dinoM meM vaha usI vidhi se upavAsa karane lagatA hai| parva ke dinoM meM pahale kahI gayI vidhi ke anusAra upavAsa ke abhyAsa ho jAne ke uparAMta jaba vaha inheM vrata rUpa se karane lagatA hai,taba vaha proSadhopavAsI kahalAtA hai| 1. vasu. zrA. 226-231 2. ra ka. zrA. 113 3. sarvA. si. 7/21, pR. 280 4. gRhakarmaNApi nicita karma vimArTi khalu gRhvimuktaanaam| atithinAm pratipUjA rudhira mala dhAvate vAri // ra ka. prA. 114 5. cA pA. TI. gA. 25 6. vasu.bhA. TI. gA 378

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236 / jaina dharma aura darzana 5 sacita virati pAcavI zreNI vAlA vaha dayAlu zrAvaka sacita padArthoM kA tyAgI hotA hai / vaha mUla, phala,sAka-sabjI Adi vanaspati ke kisI bhI aga yA aza ko agni se saskArita kiye binA nahI khaataa| jaina dharma ke anusAra vanaspatiyoM meM bhI jIva pAye jAte haiM, jaba taka ye kaccI avasthA meM rahate haiM taba taka sajIva rahate haiN| agni se saskArita ho jAne para ve acitta ho jAte haiN| usase prANI sayama aura idriya sayama donoM pala jAtA hai, kyoMki kacce phalAdi vanaspati adhika svAdiSTa hone se adhika khAye jAte haiM jabaki ubalI vanaspati kama khA pAte haiN| isI prakAra vaha jala bhI ubAlakara ho pItA hai| 6. divA maithuna tyAgI/rAtri bhukti tyAgI pAcoM pratimAoM kA pAlana karate hue sAdhaka jaba dina meM mana, vacana, kAya se strI mAtra ke sasarga kA tyAga kara detA hai, taba vaha divA maithuna virata kahalAtA hai| isa bhUmikA meM Ate hI vaha dina meM saba prakAra ke kAma-bhoga kA tyAga kara unheM rAtri taka ke lie hI sImita kara letA hai| isa pratimA ko rAtri bhukti tyAga bhI kahate haiM / vaha rAtri bhojana kA mana, vacana, kAya se tyAgI ho jAtA hai| 7. pUrNa brahmacarya pUrvokta sayama ke mAdhyama se apane mana ko vaza meM karatA huA sAdhaka jaba mana.vacana,kAya se strI mAtra ke sasarga kA tyAga karatA hai taba use brahmacArI kahate haiM / isa bhUmikA meM Ane para vaha zarIra kI azucitA ko samajhakara,kAma se virata ho,yaunAcAra kA sarvathA parityAga kara detA hai| brahmacArI banane ke bAda vaha apane khAna-pAna aura rahana-sahana meM aura adhika sAdagI le AtA hai tathA ghara-gRhasthI ke kAryoM se prAya udAsIna rahatA hai| 8. Agbha virati brahmacArI bana jAne ke bAda usake atas meM sasAra ke prati aura bhI adhika udAsI A jAtI hai,taba vaha saba prakAra ke vyApArAdi kAryoM kA pUrNatayA parityAga kara detA hai| isa pratimA meM Arabha sabadhI samasta kriyAo kA tyAga ho jAtA hai| ata yahA Akara vaha ArabhI hisA se bhI bacane lagatA hai| "yahA taka ki apanA bhojana bhI vaha apane hAthoM se nahI banAtA,kisI ke dvArA nimatraNa milane para bhojana kara letA hai / hA,paristhiti vizeSa meM apanA bhojana svaya bhI banA sakatA hai| Arabhavirati zrAvaka khetI-bADI,naukarI Adi saba choDa detA hai,aura pUrva meM arjita apanI sImita sapatti se hI apane jIvana kA nirvAha karatA hai| 9. pArigraha virati pahale kI ATha pratimAoM kA pAlana karane vAlA zrAvaka jaba apanI jamIna-jAyadAda se apanA svatva choDa detA hai taba vaha parigraha virati kahA jAtA hai| AThavI pratimA meM vaha apanA udyoga-dhadhA putroM ke supurda kara detA hai kitu saMpatti apane hI adhikAra meM rakhatA hai / jaba vaha dekha letA hai putroM ne bhalI-bhAti udyoga/vyavasAya ko sabhAla liyA hai aba yadi inheM sauMpa diyA jAe to ye usakA rakSaNa kara leMge, taba vaha apane putra yA dattaka putra ko pacoM ke sAmane bulAkara saba kucha sauMpa detA hai| apane pAsa mAtra apane pahanane 1 ra katrA 141 2 kA anu381 3 vasuzrA 296 4 rakabA 142 5 ra kazrA 143 6 ()ra katrA 144 (ba) kA anu 385

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zrAvakAcAra | 237 ke vastra hI parigraha ke rUpa me rakhatA hai|| isa prakAra vaha saba kucha putro ko saupakara gArhasthika uttaradAyitva se mukta ho jAtA hai, kitu mukta ho jAne para bhI sahasA ghara nahI choDatA / vaha udAsIna hokara ghara meM hI rahatA hai, yadi usake putra kucha salAha mAgate hai to vaha unheM sammati bhI de detA hai| 10 anumati virati isa prakAra navamI pratimA meM samasta sapatti eva jamIna jAyadAda se apanA mamatva haTAkara saba kucha putro ko saupane ke bAda,jaba vaha dekha letA hai ki aba merI salAha ke binA bhI ye apanA kAma-kAja kara sakate haiM to vaha ghara-gRhasthI eva vyApAra ke kAryoM meM kisI bhI prakAra kI salAha denA bhI bada kara detA hai| aba vaha atyata udAsIna hokara taTastha bhAva se rahane lagatA hai| use kisI bhI prakAra kI lAbha-hAni meM koI ruci nahI rhtii| aba vaha prAya ghara meM na rahakara madira, caityAlaya Adi ekAta sthAnoM meM hI rahatA hai aura apanA samaya svAdhyAya, sAmAyika, dhyAna, citana Adi meM hI vyatIta karatA hai| tathA apane ghara athavA anya kisI sAdharmI badhu kA nimatraNa milane para hI vaha bhojana grahaNa karatA hai| isake bAda ghara chor3ane meM samartha ho jAne para vaha agalI zreNI kI ora kadama baDhAtA hai| 11 uddiSTa tyAga yaha zrAvaka kI sarvotkRSTa bhUmikA hai| isa bhUmikA vAlA sAdhaka gRha-tyAgakara muniyoM ke pAsa rahane lagatA hai tathA bhikSAvRtti se apanA jIvana bitAtA hai| isa pratimA ke kSullaka eva ailaka rUpa do bheda hai kSallaka kSullaka kA artha hotA hai chottaa| muniyoM se choTe sAdhaka ko kSullaka kahate haiN| yaha gRha-tyAgakara muniyoM ke pAsa upAzraya meM rahatA hai| dina meM eka bAra bhikSAvRtti se bhojana grahaNa karatA hai tathA muniyoM kI sevA, suzrUSA eva svAdhyAya meM lagA rahatA hai| isa kSullaka ke bhI do bheda hote hai-1 eka gRha bhojI 2 aneka gRha bhojii| aneka gRhabhojI bhikSAvRtti karake bhojana karatA hai, vaha zrAvakoM ke ghara jAkara 'dharma-lAbha ho' aisA kahatA hai, usake aisA kahane para yadi zrAvaka use kucha de dete haiM to le letA hai anyathA binA kisI viSAda ke Age bar3ha jAtA hai / isa prakAra pAca mAta gharoM meM use jahA apane yogyapUrNa bhojana mila jAtA hai, vahI baiThakara kisI se pAnI mAgakara, sarasa-virasa, garma-ThaDe kA vikalpa kie binA bhojana karatA hai| isI bIca koI zrAvaka vinayaparvaka apane yahA hI bhojana karane kA nivedana karatA hai, to vaha vahI para baiThakara bhI apane pAtra meM bhojana kara letA hai| bhojana ke bAda guru ke pAsa jAkara cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA agale dina taka ke lie (pratyAkhyAna) tyAga kara detA hai| eka gRha-bhojI kSullaka muniyoM ke AhAra ke lie nikalane ke bAda caryA ke lie nikalatA hai| zrAvakoM ke dvArA vidhi ke sAtha bhaktipUrvaka AhAra diye jAne para vaha bhojana karatA hai| donoM prakAra ke kSullaka apane tapa, sayama aura jJAnAdika kA garva kie binA apanA bartana apane hI hAthoM se sApha karate haiN| aisA nahI karane para mahAn asayama kA doSa 1 kA anu 386 2 rakabA 146 3raka zrA. 147 4 je si ko 2/189

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238 / jaina dharma aura darzana lagatA hai / ' Ajakala eka gRhabhojI kSullaka hI milate hai| ailaka-ailaka uddiSTa tyAgI zrAvaka kA dUsarA bheda hai / yaha vastra ke rUpa me mAtra lagoTI dhAraNa karatA hai| apane hAtha meM hI ajali banAkara dina meM eka bAra bhojana karatA hai,tathA do se cAra mAha ke bhItara apane sira aura dADhI mUchoM ke bAloM ko ukhADakara kezaloca karatA hai| kSullaka pAtra meM bhojana karatA hai, tathA kabhI-kabhI hAtha me bhI kara letA hai, lekina ailaka sadA kara pAtra meM hI bhojana grahaNa karatA hai| kSullaka prAya kezaloca karatA hai tathA kabhI-kabhI kaiMcI se bhI kaTavA letA hai, ailaka hamezA hI kezaloMca karatA hai / ailaka ekamAtra lagoTa dhAraNa karatA hai, kSullaka lagoTa ke sAtha eka khaDa vastra (jitane vastra khaDa se sira Dhakane para paira ughaDa jAye tathA paira Dhakane para sira ughaDa jAye) bhI rakhatA hai| ailaka apane hAthoM meM mayUra pakhoM kI banI picchikA rakhatA hai, kSullaka ke lie picchikA kA prAvadhAna niyama nahI hai / kSullaka aura ailaka kI zeSa kriyAe samAna rahatI haiN| dono hI udviSTa tyAgI zrAvaka kahalAte haiN| isa prakAra dArzanika se lekara uddiSTa tyAgI taka naiSThika zrAvaka ke gyAraha bheda ho jAte hai / strI puruSa sabhI ina pratimAoM kA pAlana kara sakate hai / puruSa zrAvaka kahalAte hai tathA striyA zrAvikA / gyArahavI pratimAdhArI striyA kSullikA kahalAtI haiN| vaha apane pAsa mAtra eka sADI aura eka khaDa vastra rakhatI haiM, tathA pAtra meM hI bhojana karatI hai| pahalI se chaThavI pratimA taka ke zrAvaka jaghanya,sAtavI se navamI taka madhyama eva dazavI aura gyArahavI pratimAdhArI utkRSTa zrAvaka kahalAte haiN| sAdhaka apanI kSamatAoM ko baDhAtA huA jyoM-jyoM apanI sAdhanA meM vikAsa karatA hai tyoM tyoM Upara kI zreNiyo me caDhatA jAtA hai| pratimAo kA ukta krama jimmedAriyoM kA nirvAha karate hue kramaza Age baDhane kI dRSTi se rakhA gayA hai| koI bhI sAdhaka apane uttaradAyitvo kA acchI taraha nirvAha karate hue kramaza inakA pAlana kara kalyANa ke patha me agrasara ho sakatA hai| sAdhaka zrAvaka sAdhaka zrAvaka-jIvana ke ata meM maraNakAla sammukha upasthita hone para bhojana-pAnAdi kA tyAga kara vizeSa prakAra kI sAdhanAo dvArA sallekhanApUrvaka deha tyAga karane vAle zrAvaka sAdhaka zrAvaka kahalAte hai / sallekhanA me kramaza zarIra aura kaSAyoM ko kRza kiyA jAtA hai / isakA svarUpa Age batAyA jaayegaa| zAstra se jyAdA mahatvapUrNa garu hai| nAva na bhI mile yadi mAkSI mila jAe to dhanya bhAgya, mAjhI pAra lagAne ke koI na koI upAya khoja legaa| yA ho sakatA hai tairanA sikhA de, to tuma khuda hI taira jAo isalie koI anubhavI cAhie usa kinAre para pahucAne vaalaa| 1 sA. dha 7/144 2 vasu zrA 301 3 vasuzrA 311 4 mahA pu 149

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muni AcAra munivrata kI pAtratA kaise hote hai jaina muni / aTThAIsa mUla guNa nagnatA aziSTatA nahI sAdhu ke bheda AryikA

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muni AcAra jainAcAra kA pramukha uddezya anAdikAlIna rAga-dveSAdika vikAroM kA samUla ucchedakara AtmA kI zuddha-buddha avasthA ko prApta karanA hai| isalie zrAvaka apane 'zrAvaka-dharma' sabadhI niyamoM kA pAlana karatA huA sAdhutva kI ora kadama bar3hAtA hai / AcArya zrI 'samanta bhadra' ne eka jaina sAdhaka ko caritra ko ora agrasara hone ke uddezya ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki moha timirApaharaNe darzana lAbhAdavApta saMjJAna / rAgadveSa nivRtyai caraNaM pratipadyate sAdhu / ' arthAt moharUpI aMdhakAra ke dUra hone para sAdhaka jaba satya dRSTi aura yathArtha bodha prApta karatA hai taba vaha rAga-dveSa kI nivRtti ke lie caritra ko agIkAra karatA hai / gRhastha deza caritra ko aMgIkAra karatA hai,jabaki sAdhu pApoM kA paripUrNa rUpa se tyAga kara mahAvratoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai| jo apanI AtmA kI upalabdhi ke lie satat sAdhanArat rahatA hai vaha sAdhu hai| jaina darzana meM sAdhu ko muni, RSi, yati, anagAra,zramaNa,sayata mahAvratI, acelaka,digambara, bhadanta, dAnta Adi aneka nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai| jaina dharmAnusAra sAdhu vrata kA pAlana karanA atyaMta duSkara hai| ise dhAraNa karanA talavAra kI dhAra para calane kI taraha mAnA jAtA hai| yaha hara kisI ke vaza kI bAta nahIM hai| isIlie hareka vyakti ko munivrata dhAraNa karane kI anumati nahIM dI gayI hai| munivrata kI pAtratA jaina zAstroM meM muni banane kI pAtratA kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki "saMsAra kI asAratA ko acchI taraha samajhane vAlA, vairAgyavAna, prakRti se zAMta, dRr3ha, zraddhAlu, vinamra aura pramANika vyakti hI muni dharma aMgIkAra karane ke adhikArI haiN| isake viparIta hiMsAdika kAryoM meM lipta, hatyA Adi kA aparAdhI, samAja va rASTra ke hitoM meM bAdhaka, dezadrohI, 1 rakathA.47 2 jai ji ko. 4/403 3 yogasAra amitagati 8/51

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242 / jaina dharma aura darzana karjayukta, napuMsaka, vyAdhigrasta, pAgala, mUr3ha aura viSaya lolupI manuSya munivrata kI pAtratA nahIM rkhte|" kisI bhI prakAra kI zArIrika athavA mAnasika vikRti se yukta jAti aura karma se dUSita, atibAla aura ativRddha manuSya ko bhI munivrata nahIM diyA jaataa| kaise hote haiM jaina muni? vaise to jaina muni kA koI veza nahIM hotA, nirveza rahanA hI unakA veza hai| kiMtu bAhara se jahAM kahIM bhI janma lene vAle zizu kI taraha yathAjAta nirvikAra nagna mudrA dikhAI par3e, jinake sira aura dAr3I-mUMchoM ke bAla hAtha se ukhAr3e gae hoM,tathA jinakA zarIra kisI prakAra se saMskArita/alaMkRta na ho,mAtra hAtha meM mayUra paMkhoM se nirmita sukomala picchi aura kASTha nirmita kamaMDalu ho isake atirikta tilatuSa mAtra bhI na ho, samajha lIjie vaha jaina muni hai| yaha jaina muni kA bAharI cihna hai tathA mamatva aura AraMbha se rahita yoga aura upayoga kI zuddhipUrvaka saba prakAra se nirapekSa aura nirIha hokara apane jJAna aura dhyAna meM lage rahanA yaha jaina sAdhu kI bhItarI pahacAna hai| aTThAisa mUlaguNa uparyukta cihnoM se bhUSita jaina muni satat apanI Atma-sAdhanA meM pravRtta rahate haiN| unakA sAdhanA krama atyaMta vyavasthita rahatA hai / isake lie jaina muniyoM ke aTThAIsa mUla guNa batAye gaye haiN| ve haiM-pAMca mahAvrata.pAMca samiti.pAMca iMdriya nirodha,chaha Avazyaka. adanta dhAvana, asnAna bhUmizayana, eka bhUkti, sthiti bhojana (khar3e-khar3e bhojana) kezaluMcana aura ngntaa|' ina aTThAIsa mUla guNoM kA pAlana pratyeka jaina muni ko anivArya rUpa se karanA par3atA hai| isase unakI caryA vyavasthita ho jAtI hai aura ve sAdhanA ke mArga para bane rahate haiN| ye mUla guNa munivrata kI mUla arthAt jar3a haiM / inakA pAlana karane para hI munitva surakSita raha sakatA hai| ina mUla guNoM kI vistRta vyAkhyA nimna prakAra hai ___ 1. pAMca mahAvrata : hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha kA pratijJApUrvaka pUrNarUpeNa parityAga karanA pAMca mahAvrata kahalAtA hai| aNuvratoM kI apekSA yaha vrata bahuta bar3e haiN| inakA pAlana karanA atyaMta kaThina hai| ucca manobala vAle mahApuruSa hI inakA pAlana kara sakate haiN| isalie inheM mahAvrata kahA jAtA hai| isameM ahiMsA Adi kA pAlana atyaMta sUkSmatA se kiyA jAtA hai| AdhyAtmika jIvana-yAtrA ke lie yaha anivArya hai|| ahiMsA mahAvrata : jaina muni ahiMsA mahAvrata ke pAlana ke lie sUkSma tathA bAdara, trasa evaM sthAvara sabhI jIvoM kI hiMsA kA mana, vacana, kAya se tyAga kara dete haiM / isa mahAvata ke dhAraNa karane ke bAda sthAvara jIvoM meM na to pRthvI khodate haiM,na hI agni sulagAte aura tApate 1. (a) vahI, 8/52 (ba) A sA 11 2. mUcA 908 3. prasA 205-206 4. (a) vadasamididiyarodho locAvassaya macelamaNhANa /

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muni AcAra | 243 haiN| kacce pAnI tathA agni ko chUte taka bhI nahIM haiN| apanI suvidhA ke lie bijalI ke paMkhe, kUlara, hITara Adi kA bhI upayoga nahIM krte| phala-phUla, ghAsa-pAta Adi kisI bhI prakAra kI vanaspati kA chedana Adi nahIM krte| yahAM taka ki unakA sparza bhI nahIM karate haiN| ahiMsA mahAvata ke pAlana ke lie ve harI ghAsayukta bhUmi para bhI nahIM calate / trasa jIvoM ke sAtha sUkSmatama jIvoM kA bhI ghAta na ho, isakA dhyAna rakhate hue sAvadhAnIpUrvaka uThata-baiThate haiN| unakI saMvedanazIlatA atyaMta vyApaka hotI hai| ve aisA koI bhI kArya nahIM karate jisase kisI bhI prANI ko kaSTa pahuMcatA ho| ukta ahiMsA mahAvrata ke ThIka taraha se pAlana ke lie jaina muni sanat apane mana para niyaMtraNa banAe rakhate haiN| vANI para bhI aMkuza rakhate haiN| calane-phirane, uTane-baiThane kI kriyAoM meM pUrNa sAvadhAnI baratate haiM tathA prAkRtika prakAza meM dina meM eka bAra hI bhojana (AhAra) lete haiN| ye pAMcoM ahiMsA vrata kI bhAvanAeM haiN|' satya mahAvrata-satya ke binA ahiMsA kA pAlana nahIM ho sktaa| asatya hiMsA kA janaka hai| ataH jaina muni kabhI bhI asatya vacanoM kA prayoga nahIM krte| hamezA hita, mita aura priya vacanoM kA hI prayoga karate haiN| ve niSThura aura karkaza vacanoM kA prayoga na kara sadA nirdoSa. akarkaza aura asaMdigdha vacana hI bolate haiN| kaSAyoM se prerita hokara jAnabajhakara athavA ajJAnavaza prayoga kiye jAne vAle kaThora vacana doSayukta hone ke kAraNa tyAjya haiN| isI prakAra ve saMdigdha athavA anizcaya kI dazA meM nizcaya vANI kA prayoga nahIM krte| pUrNatayA nizcita ho jAne para hI nizcita vANI bolate haiN| ve satya, mRdu aura nirdoSa bhASA hI bolate haiM tathA satya hone para bhI kisI kI avajJA sUcaka vacanoM kA prayoga nahIM karate, varan sammAna sUcaka zabdoM kA hI prayoga karate haiN| saMkSepa meM kaheM to jaina muni vicAra va vivekapUrvaka saMyamita satya bhASA kA hI prayoga karate haiN| krodha ke Avega meM lobha, lAlaca meM phaMsakara, bhayavaza evaM haMsI-majAka meM mukha se asatya vANI nikalane kI saMbhAvanAeM rahatI haiN| isalie jaina muni matya mahAvrata kI rakSA ke lie krodha, lobha, bhaya evaM vyartha kI haMsI-majAka kA tyAga karate haiN| tathA soca-samajhakara vivekapUrNa vacanoM kA hI prayoga karate haiN| ye pAMcoM satya mahAvrata kI bhAvanAeM haiN| acaurya mahAvrata : acaurya mahAvrata ko dhAraNa karane vAle jaina muni binA dI huI kisI bhI vastu ko grahaNa nahIM karate / ve jala, miTTI aura tinake jaisI vastu bhI binA anumati ke grahaNa karanA corI samajhate haiN| kisI kI girI huI,bhRlI huI yA rakhI huI alpa yA adhika mUlya vAlI vastu ko chUnA taka niSiddha mAnate haiN| grAmAnugrAma meM vihAra karate hue gRha-svAmI ko anumati ke binA kisI bhavana meM vizrAma bhI nahIM karate / jisa prakAra binA dI haI vastu ve svayaM grahaNa nahIM karate usI prakAra dUsaroM se karavAte bhI nahIM haiM tathA karane vAloM kA samarthana bhI nahIM krte| acaurya mahAvrata kI sthiratA aura surakSA ke lie ve jisameM koI nahIM rahatA aise giri, guphA Adi zUnya gharoM meM hI AvAsa karate haiN| dUsaroM ke dvArA chor3e hue makAna, jisakA koI 1. ta. sU. 7/4 2. ta. sU. 7/5

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244 / jaina dharma aura darzana svAmI na ho athavA jo mukta dvAra ho vahI Thaharate haiN| jisa sthAna para ve Thaharate haiM usameM nijatva kA bhAva nahI rakhate tathA koI dUsarA Akara usameM ThaharanA cAhe to rokate bhI nahI haiM / bhikSAvRtti kA ucita dhyAna rakhakara AhAra grahaNa karate haiN| tathA apane upakaraNoM meM tere-mere kA bhAva na rakhakara anya sAdharmI sAdhuoM se vivAda nahI karate / yaha saba acaurya vrata kI bhAvanAe haiN|' ___ brahmacarya mahAvata isa mahAvrata kA pAlana karane vAle jaina muni ke lie yaunAkarSaNa se mukta honA anivArya hai| usake lie mana, vacana va kAya se yauna vikAroM kA sevana karane, karAne tathA anumodana kA niSedha hai| yahI navakoTi brahmacarya yA navakoTizIla kahalAtA hai| yaunAkAkSA ko samasta adharmoM kA mUla tathA mahAdoSoM kA prathama sthAna kahA gayA hai| isase aneka prakAra ke pApa utpanna hote haiN| hisAdika doSoM eva kalaha sagharSa kA janma hotA hai| yaha saba samajhakara jaina muni yaunAkAkSA para pUrNa vijaya kara lete hai| ve una sabhI bhautika eva mAnasika paristhitiyoM se dUra rahate haiM jinase kicita bhI kAmoddIpana kI sabhAvanA ho| brahmacarya mahAvrata kI dRDhatA eva surakSA ke lie ve rAgapUrvaka striyoM kI carcA nahI karate, na hI unameM rAga baDhAne vAlI kthAoM ko sunate haiN| durbhAvanApUrvaka unake AgopAgo kA avalokana bhI nahI karate / isI prakAra pUrva meM bhoge hue bhogoM kA smaraNa bhI nahI karate tathA gariSTha uttejaka aura kAmoddIpaka bhojya padArthoM kA sevana eva apane zarIra ke saskAra kA bhI tyAga karate haiM / brahmacarya vrata kI rakSA ke lie yahI pAca bhAvanAe haiN| aparigraha mahAvrata jaina muni kI parigraha kA tyAga bhI anivArya hai| bAhya padArthoM kA mamatva mUlka samaha parigraha kahalAtA hai| yaha parigraha hI hamAre dukha kA mUla kAraNa hai| manuSya kI sArI dauDa-dhUpa parigraha ke arjana, rakSaNa aura savardhana ke lie hotI hai| bAhya padArthoM ke prati hone vAlI Asakti hI hamArI azAti kA mUla kAraNa hai| manuSya yadi apane pAsa tilatuSa mAtra bhI kucha rakhatA hai to usake prati Asakti se rahita nahI ho sktaa| jisa prakAra hamAre zarIra meM lagI haI eka choTI-sI phAsa bhI hamAre lie kaSTakara hotI hai usI taraha eka choTI-sI lagoTI kI cAhata bhI kaise pUre sasAra kI sRSTi kara detI hai isase hama pUrI taraha paricita haiN| isalie kahA bhI hai ___phAsa tanika sI tana meM sAle, cAha lagoTI kI dukha bhaale| __ isalie pUrNatayA nirdvanda aura akicana rahakara vicaraNa karane vAle jaina muni apane pAsa tilatuSa mAtra bhI parigraha nahI rkhte| ve apane zarIra se mamatva choDakara nagna digambara rUpa dhAraNa karate haiN| mAtra apane sayama kI rakSA ke lie mayUra pakhoM kI banI picchikA tathA kASTha kA eka kamaDala rakhate haiN| jarUrata par3ane para dharma gratha bhI kisI ke dvArA die jAne para rakha lete haiN| isa prakAra jJAna eva sayama kI rakSA ke lie jo kucha bhI alpatama upakaraNa ve grahaNa karate haiM, una para bhI unakA mamatva nahI hotaa| unake kho jAne yA naSTa ho jAne para bhI unheM zoka nahI hotaa| ve apane zarIra kI taraha ina upakaraNoM ke prati bhI anAsakta rahate haiN| mAtra sayama ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM unakA upayoga karate haiN| Asakti hI hamArI Atarika prathi hai| isa prathi ke chida jAne ke kAraNa jaina muni nimrantha kahalAte haiN| 1ta sU7/6 2 ta sU77

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muni AcAra / 245 saMsAra meM aneka prakAra ke viSaya haiN| unameM se kucha manojJa arthAt mana ko priya lagane vAle haiM tathA kucha amanojJa arthAt mana ko arucikara lagane vAle padArtha haiN| manojJa viSayoM ke prApta hone para rAga bar3hatA hai tathA amanojJa viSayoM ke milane para dveSa bar3hatA hai, isa rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa hI unake saMcaya aura tyAga kI bhAvanA AtI hai| isalie jaina muni aparigraha mahAvrata kI rakSA ke lie manojJa aura amanojJa sparza, rasa, gaMdha,rUpa aura zabda rUpa pAMcoM iMdriyoM ke viSayoM meM rAga-dveSa kA tyAga kara dete haiM jisase ki unake grahaNa aura tyAga kA vikalpa samApta ho jAtA hai tathA aparigraha mahAvrata kI rakSA hotI rahatI hai| aparigraha mahAvrata kI ukta pAMcoM bhAvanAeM haiN| pAMca samiti : samiti kA artha pravRttigata sAvadhAnI hai| yaha hama pahale par3ha cuke haiN| jaina mani prAkRtika prakAza meM cAra hAtha bhUmi ko dekhakara zuddha aura nirjantuka bhUmi meM hI vihAra karate haiN| yaha unakI 'IryA samiti' hai| ve niMdA va cApalUsI Adi dUSita bhASAoM ko tyAgakara sadaiva saMyata, napI-tulI, satyapriya aura hitakArI vANI kA hI prayoga karate haiN| yaha unakI 'bhASA samiti' hai| ve dina meM eka bAra sadAcArI zrAvaka ke yahAM zuddha aura sAtvika AhAra lobharahita bhikSAvRtti se chiyAlIsa doSoM ko TAlakara grahaNa karate haiN| yaha 'eSaNA' samiti hai| jJAna aura saMyama kI rakSA ke lie ve jo kucha bhI upakaraNa apane pAsa rakhate haiM unako uThAne rakhane meM pUrNa sAvadhAnI rakhate haiM, kisI bhI vastu ko uThAne-rakhane se pUrva usa sthAna kA nirIkSaNa kara komala picchikA se parimArjita karate haiN| yaha unakI 'AdAna nikSepaNa' samiti hai| apane malamUtra kA tyAga dUra ekAMta vistRta, sUkhe evaM janturahita aise sthAna para karate haiM jahAM kisI ko Apatti na ho| 'vyutsarga' samiti kA yahI svarUpa hai| paMcendriya rodha : jaina muni cakSu Adi pAMcoM iMdriyoM para niyaMtraNa rakhate haiM tathA iMdriya viSayoM kI ora AkarSita hokara iSTAniSTa padArthoM meM rAga-dveSa nahIM krte| yaha pAMca iMdriya nirodha nAmaka mUla guNa hai| chaha Avazyaka : ve sAmAyika, stuti, vandanA, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna aura kAyotsarga rUpa chaha AvazyakoM kA pAlana karate haiN| yaha chaha kArya unheM avazya karanA hotA hai| isalie inheM Avazyaka kahate haiN| sama kI Aya karanA arthAt samasta prANiyoM ke prati samatA dhAraNa kara AtmakeMdrita honA 'sAmAyika' hai| ise samatA bhI kahate haiN| jaina mani samasta rAga-dveSa.moha Adi vikArI bhAvoM se dUra hokara lAbha-alAbha, sukha-duHkha,zatru-mitra, kAMca-kaMcana tathA jIvana-maraNa saba meM samabhAva dhAraNa kara sabhI prakAra kI pApAtmaka pravRttiyoM se dUra ho jAte haiM / yaha samatA hI sAdhutva kA kavaca hai| caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke guNoM kA utkIrtana karanA 'stuti' hai| arahaMta, siddhoM kI pratimA ko evaM AcAryAdi ko mana, vacana, kAya se praNAma karanA 'vaMdanA' hai| stuti aura vaMdanA se tIrthakaroM ke guNoM kA ciMtana hotA hai| isase Atma-pariNAmoM meM vizuddhi AtI hai| svakRta aparAdhoM kA svIkRtipUrvaka zodhana karanA 'pratikramaNa' hai / pratikramaNa kA tAtparya hai-'pIche haTanA' / kisI 1.ta. sU.79

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246 / jaina dharma aura darzana doSa ke ho jAne para jaina muni Atma niMdApUrvaka usa doSa ko niHsaMkoca svIkAra kara punaH vizuddha cAritra dhAraNa kara lete haiN| bhaviSya meM laga sakane vAle doSoM se bacane ke lie ayogya vastuoM kA tyAga karanA 'pratyAkhyAna' hai| zarIra ke mamatva kA tyAgakara paMcaparameSThiyoM kA smaraNa karanA athavA AtmasvarUpa meM lIna honA'kAyotsarga' hai| jaina muni pratidina donoM samaya arthAt dina va rAtri meM inheM avazya karate haiN| sAmAyika Adi jaina muni ke nityakarma haiN| asnAna : zarIra se mamatva rahita hone ke kAraNa ve snAna bhI nahIM karate haiM,na hI kisI prakAra se apane zarIra kA saMskAra karate haiN| itanA hone para bhI unake zarIra se kisI prakAra kI durgaMdha nahIM AtI kyoMki digambara mudrA hone ke kAraNa vAyu aura dhUpa se unake zarIra kI zuddhi hotI rahatI hai| adantadhAvana : ve dAtauna, maMjana Adi se danta dhAvana bhI nahIM karate / bhojana karane ke samaya hI gRhastha ke yahAM mukha zuddhi kara lete haiM / bhU-zayana jaina muni gadde, takiyA athavA anya kisI prakAra kI zayyA para zayana nahIM karate apitu apane svAdhyAya, dhyAna evaM 'pada' vihAra janya thakAna ko dUra karane ke lie bhUmi, zilA, lakar3I ke pATe,sUkhe ghAsa evaM caTAI Adi para hI vizrAma karate haiN| sthiti bhojana-eka bhukti : ve bhojana khar3e hokara lete haiM, vaha bhI dina meM eka hI bAra / jaina muni zarIra ko eka gAr3I kI taraha samajhate haiM / usake sahAre hI ve apanI saMyama yAtrA ko pUrNa karate haiM / jisa prakAra gAr3I ko calAne ke lie usameM tela DAlanA jarUrI hai usI prakAra zarIra rUpI gADI ko calAne ke lie ve caubIsa ghaMTe meM eka bAra khaDe-khaDe apane hAthoM ko hI pAtra banAkara gocarI vRtti se AhAra karate haiM / gAya jisa prakAra ghAsa DAlane vAle vyakti para thor3I bhI najara na DAlakara apane AhAra ko letI hai,usI prakAra jaina muni devAMganAoM ke samAna sundA ke dvArA bhI bhaktipUrvaka AhAra dene para nirmala manovRtti se bhojana karate haiM / unakI AhAra caryA ko bhrAmarI vRtti bhI kahate haiM / jisa prakAra bhramara puSpoM ko pIr3A pahuMcAe binA usake rasa ko grahaNa karatA hai, usI prakAra ve bhI gRhastha ke yahAM apane lie banAyA gayA rUkhA-sUkhA, sarasa-virasa, jaisA bhI bhojana milatA hai,zAMtabhAvapUrvaka grahaNa karate haiN| usase gRhasthoM ko kiMcit bhI kaSTa nahI hotA, apitu jaise bhramaroM ke madhura guMjAra se phUla aura bhI adhika khila uThate haiM usI prakAra sat pAtra kA lAbha hone se gRhastha kA hRdaya kamala bhI khila uThatA hai| vaha AhAra dAna kI ina ghar3iyoM ko apane jIvana kI sunaharI ghar3iyoM meM ginatA hai, kyoMki sAdhu ko AhAra dene se usake gRhasthI ke kAryoM se arjita samasta pApa dhula jAte haiN| jaina muni dInatApUrvaka AhAra nahIM lete| gRhastha jaba zraddhA-bhakti Adi guNoM se yukta hokara pUrvakathita 'navadhA bhakti' pUrvaka unheM AhAra karane kA nivedana karatA hai taba ve zuddha sAtvika apanI tapazcarya meM sahAyaka AhAra,khar3e hokara apane kara pAtra meM hI grahaNa karate haiN| bhojana ke kAla meM ve kisI bhI prakAra kI yAcanA nahIM karate, balki jisa prakAra makAna meM Aga laga jAne para jisa kisI prakAra ke jala se use bujhAne kA prayatna karate haiM, usI prakAra gRhastha dvArA dI jAne vAlI sarasa-virasa jisa kisI prakAra ke bhojana ko bhI samatApUrvaka grahaNa kara apane peTa kI agni bujhAne kA prayAsa karate haiN|

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muni AcAra / 247 kezaloMca : apane hAthoM se apane bAloM ko ukhAr3anA kezaloMca kahalAtA hai| ve do mAha se cAra mAha ke bhItara apane hAthoM se sira aura dAr3hI-mUMcha ke bAla ukhAr3akara kezaloMca karate haiM / kezaloMca karane kA uddezya zarIra ke prati nirmamatva evaM svAdhInatA kI bhAvanA ko bala pahuMcAnA hai| bAla (keza) bar3hAkara rakhane para unameM jueM, lIkha Adi jantu ho jAte haiN| nAI Adi se kaTavAne para dUsaroM se yAcanA karane kA prasaMga prApta hotA hai| isalie jaina muni apane hI hAthoM se apane bAloM ko ukhAr3akara alaga kara dete haiN| isa kriyA se zarIra se nirmamatva to hotA hI hai, khare-khoTe sAdhu kI pahacAna bhI ho jAtI hai| jo loga vairAgya se prerita na hokara anya kisI uddezya se munidharma ko aMgIkAra karate haiM, ve kezaloMca jaise kaThina karma se ghabarAkara dUra ho jAte hai / aisA karane se pAkhaMDiyoM se sAdhu saMgha kA bacAva ho jAtA hai / nagnatA aziSTatA nahIM jaina muni kisI prakAra kA vastra / AvaraNa apane zarIra para nahIM DAlate / ve dizAoM ko hI apanA vastra banA nagna digambara rUpa dhAraNa karate haiN| kucha loga unakI isa nagnatA ko aziSTatA evaM asabhyatA mAnate haiN| lekina nagnatA aziSTatA nahIM hai| yaha to manuSya kI Adarza sthiti hai| manuSya kA prAkRtika rUpa hI digambara hai / vastra to vikAroM ko DhAMkane kA sAdhana hai| jaise janma lete samaya bAlaka nagna rahatA hai usa kSaNa usake antasa meM kisI prakAra kA vikAra nahIM rahatA tathA use dekhane vAloM ke mana meM bhI koI glAni yA ghRNA kA bhAva nahIM AtA / jaise-jaise usake andara vikAra Ane lagate haiM, vaha vastra dhAraNa karane lagatA hai| jaina muni apane vastroM kA parityAga kara apanI prAkRtika avasthA kI ora lauTa Ate haiN| unakI sthiti yathAjAta bAlaka kI taraha nirvikAra rahatI hai| ataH isameM aziSTatA yA asabhyatA jaisI koI bAta hI nahIM hai| vastutaH kisI bAhya rUpa yA kriyA kI ziSTatA evaM aziSTatA kA nirNaya bhItarI prayojana kI nirmalatA yA apavitratA para nirbhara karatA hai| AMtarika prayojana ke malina hone para hI usakI preraNA se kiyA gayA kArya aziSTatA ke antargata AtA hai| isa prakAra digambaratva to vikAroM para vijaya pAne kA vaijJAnika sAdhana hai / digambaratva kI pratiSThA meM gAMdhI jI ke nimna vAkya dRSTavya haiM, ve likhate haiM- 1 "vAstava meM dekhA jAe to kudarata ne carma ke rUpa meM manuSya ko yogya pozAka pahanAI hai / nagna zarIra kurUpa dikhAI par3atA hai, aisA mAnanA hamArA bhrama mAtra hai / uttama se uttama saundarya ke citra to nagnAvasthA meM hI dikhAI par3ate haiN| poSAka se sAdhAraNa aMgoM ko DhAMkakara mAno hama kudarata ke doSoM ko dikhA rahe haiN| jaise-jaise hamAre pAsa jyAdA paise hote jAte haiM, vaise-vaise hI hama sajAvaTa bar3hAte jAte haiN| koI kisI bhAMti rUpavAna bananA cAhatA hai, aura bana-Thanakara kAMca meM muMha dekhakara prasanna hote haiM ki 'vAha maiM kaisA khUbasUrata hUM' / bahuta dinoM ke aise abhyAsa ke kAraNa hamArI dRSTi kharAba na ho gaI ho to hama turanta hI dekha sakeMge ki manuSya kA uttama se uttama rUpa usakI nagnAvasthA meM hI hai aura usI meM usakA Arogya hai|" videzI vidvAn zrImatI sTIvensana ne apanI pustaka 'The Heart of Jainism' ke pRSTha 1. digambaratva aura digambara muni para uddhRta, pR. 10

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248 / jaina dharma aura darzana kramAMka 35 meM digambaratva ko nizcintatA kA sAdhana batAte hue likhatI hai-"vastroM se vimukta rahane ke kAraNa manuSya ke pAsa anya ciMtAeM nahIM rahatI hai| use kapar3e dhone ke lie pAnI ko bhI jarUrata nahIM par3atI hai| nigraMtha logoM ne/digambara jaina muniyoM ne pApa-puNya,bhale-bure kA bheda-bhAva miTA diyA hai| ve bhalA apane vikAroM ko chupAne ke lie vastroM ko kyoM dhAraNa kreN| itihAsAtIta kAla se Aja taka digambara jaina sAdhuoM kA pratiSThApUrvaka vihAra hotA rahA hai| yahAM taka ki mugalakAla meM bhI jaina muniyoM ne sammAnapUrvaka vihAra kara apane amRtopadeza se isa dharAvAsiyoM ko upakRta kiyA hai| pro. AyaMgara ne likhA hai ki "jaina AcArya apanI cAritra siddhiyoM evaM jJAna ke kAraNa alAuddIna aura auraMgajeba jaise bAdazAhoM se bhI vaMdita the|"3 auraMgajeba ke samaya meM bhArata Ane vAle DA. varniyara ne likhA ki "mujhe bahudhA dezI riyAsatoM meM digambara muniyoM kA samudAya milatA thaa| maiMne unheM baDe zaharoM meM pUrNatayA nagna vihAra karate hae dekhA hai tathA unakI ora striyoM tathA laDakiyoM ko binA kisI vikAra yukta dRSTipa karate hue hI dekhA hai| una mahilAoM ke aMtaHkaraNa meM ve hI bhAva hote the jo sar3aka para se jAte hue kisI sAdhu ke dekhane para hote haiN| mahilAeM bhaktiparvaka unako bahadhA AhAra karAtI thiiN|" itanA hI nahIM usa kAla meM jaina muniyoM kA sabase adhika sammAna thaa| ve sarvatra A-jA sakate the| isa bAta ko batAte hue eka anya vidvAn 'meka kriNDala' likhate haiM-"digambara vihAra karane vAle yaha jaina muni kaSToM kI paravAha nahIM karate the| ve sabase adhika sammAna kI dRSTi se dekhe jAte the| pratyeka dhanI vyakti kA ghara unake lie unmukta thaa| yahA taka ki ve aMtaHpara meM bhI jA sakate the| 1. Being rad of clothes is also rid a lot of other worries. No water is needed in which to wash them. The Nirgranths have forgotton all Knowledge of good and evel why should they require clothes to hide their nakedness. --Heart of Jainism, Page 35 2. dekheM digambaratva aura digambara muni, pR. 55-60 3. The Jain Achryas by their charactor attainments and scholarship commanded the respect of even Muhammadan Sovureigns like Allauddin and Aurangzeb Badushah. - Iyengar's Studies in South Indian Jainism, Part II, Page 132 dekheM jaina zAsana, pR. 126 I have often met generally in the terrctory of some Raja bands of these naked fakirs. I have seen them walk stark naked through a large town, women and girls looking at them without any more emotion thn may be created, when a hermit passes through out streets femaks often bring them alms with much devotion Doubtless belicving that they were holy personages more chaste and discret then other men. -Berrier Travels in the Mugal Empire, Page 317 -dekheM di aura di. muni, pR. 156 4. These men (Jain Saints) went about naked innured themselves to hardships and were hold in highest honour. Every weathy house is open them even to the apartments of the women. -Mc. Crindle's Ancient India, Page 71-72 -dekheM jaina zAsana pR. 112

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muni AcAra | 249 isase spaSTa hai ki digambara jaina muniyoM ko yaha sammAna unakI nirvikAratA aura tapasvitA ke prabhAva se hI milatA thA / yadi yaha asabhyatA yA aziSTatA kA pratIka hotA to unheM usa kAla meM itanA sammAna milanA nAmumakina thaa| yahAM yaha bAta vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya hai ki zarIra kA digambaratva svayaM sAdhya nahIM sAdhana hai| digambaratva ke binA mokSa kI upalabdhi nahIM hotI hai| isa bAta ko batAte hue AcArya kuMdakuMda svAmI ne jahAM eka ora kahA hai ki "Naggo hi mokkha maggo sesA ummagga gayA savve" arthAt digambara rUpa hI mokSamArga hai zeSa saba unmArga haiN| vahIM yaha bhI likhA hai ki zArIrika digambaratva ke sAtha-sAtha mAnasika digambaratva bhI anivArya hai| tana naMgA hone ke sAtha-sAtha mana kA naMgA honA bhI AtmasAdhanA ke lie anivArya hai| yadi zarIra kI nagnatA sAdhana na hokara svayaM sAdhya hotI to janma se hI digambara rahane vAle pazu-pakSI Adi sabhI prANiyoM ko kabhI kI hI mukti mila gayI hotii| isa prakAra ina aTThAIsa mUla guNoM kA samyak rUpa se pAlana karane vAle sAdhaka hI Adarza jaina muni kahalAte haiN| isake binA zarIra mAtra se nagna svacchanda AcaraNa karane vAle kisI anya nAmadhArI sAdhu ko jaina muni nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| ukta 28 mUlaguNa aise vyavasthita evaM vaijJAnika niyama haiM jo eka vyakti ko saccA sAdhu banA dete haiN| yaha niyama hI digambara jaina paramparA ko bAMdhe hue hai| yadi ukta vaijJAnika niyama pravAha jaina dharma meM na hotA to anya nagna sAdhuoM kI taraha digambara jaina sAdhuoM meM bhI bahuta-sI vikRtiyAM A gayI hotIM tathA unake darzana durlabha ho jaate| __ukta 28 mUla guNoM ke atirikta jaina muni pUrvakathita dasa dharma,bAraha anuprekSA bAIsa pariSaha jaya, tIna guptiyAM tathA bAraha prakAra ke tapa Adi saMvara aura nirjarA ke aMgabhUta sAdhanoM ko bhI apanAte haiN| sAdhu ke bheda jaina muniyoM ke alaga-alaga kartavyoM kI apekSA AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu rUpa ke tIna bheda kie gae haiN| tInoM apane-apane pada ke anurUpa munivata kA pAlana karate haiN| AcArya-AcArya kA pada jaina muniyoM meM sarvocca pada hotA hai| ve muni dharma saMbaMdhI AcaraNa kA svayaM pAlana karate haiM tathA anyoM se bhI vaisA AcaraNa karAte haiN| ve dharmopadeza dekara mumukSuoM kA saMgraha karate haiM tathA unakI zikSA-dIkSA pUrNa karAkara unakA anugraha bhI karate haiM / AcArya jaina muniyoM ke guru kahalAte haiM / upAdhyAya : upAdhyAya sAdhuoM ke niyama pAlate hue saMgha meM paThana-pAThana, adhyayana-adhyApana kA kArya karavAte haiN| sAdhu : jo mAtra uparyukta 28 mUla guNoM kA pAlana karate hue jJAna-dhyAna meM lIna rahate 1. sU. pA 23 2. mAga67

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250 / jaina dharma aura darzana haiM ve sAdhu kahalAte haiN| isa prakAra jaina muni sva para kA hita karate hue sAdhanArat rahate haiM, tathA jIvana ke anta meM sallekhanApUrvaka dehotsarga karate haiN| AryikA puruSoM kI taraha striyAM bhI utkRSTa saMyama dhAraNa kara mokSa mArga meM agrasara ho sakatI haiN| utkRSTa saMyama dhAraNa karane vAlI striyAM AryikA kahalAtI haiN| AryikAoM kA samasta AcAra prAyaH muniyoM ke samAna hI hotA hai| antara mAtra itanA hai ki paryAyagata maryAdA ke kAraNa AryikAeM muniyoM kI taraha nirvastra nahIM rahatIM apitu apane zarIra para eka sapheda sAr3I dhAraNa karatI haiN| usI taraha muniyoM kI bhAMti khar3e hokara AhAra karane kI apekSA baiThakara hI apanI aMjuli puToM meM AhAra karatI haiN| AryikAeM do-tIna Adi AryikAoM ke samUha meM rahatI haiN| inakI pradhAna gaNanI kahalAtI hai jinake nirdezana meM ye apane saMyama kA anupAlana karatI haiN| inake mahAvratoM ko aupacArika mahAvrata kahA jAtA hai| AryikAeM kSullaka, ailaka se ucca zreNI kI mAnI gayI haiN| saMta to pakSiyoM kI bhAMti hote haiM, ur3ate ananta AkAza meM haiM, aura padacinha pRthvI para chor3ate jAte haiN| saMtoM se loga ajJAna haiM / pakSI dAnA cugane AtA hai isalie usake padacinha banate haiM aura saMta karuNAbuddhi se upadeza dene tathA AhAra hetu Ate haiM isalie unake caraNa cinha banate haiN| yadi saMta kI AhAra-vihAra ko kriyA baMda ho jAe to gRhasthoM kA jIvana aMdhakAramaya ho jaaegaa| isalie saMtoM kA rahanA, aura AnA-jAnA maMgalakArI hai| sukha ko kitane hI AzvAsana hoM para milatA dukha hI hai| sukha kI kitanI hI yojanAeM hoM para milatA dukha hI hai / basa tumhArI kAmanA vaisI hai jaise koI pAnI ko sAphakara pIne kI ceSTA kara rahA hai| Adarza sthiti manuSya mAtra ko Adarza sthiti digambara hI hai| mujhe svayaM nagnAvasthA priya hai| -mahAtmA gAMdhI sabase ucca pada jo ki manuSya dhAraNa kara sakatA hai, vaha digambara muni kA pada hai| isa avasthA meM manuSya sAdhAraNa manuSya na rahakara apane dhyAna ke bala se paramAtmA kA mAno aMza ho jAtA hai| e. huboI *-digambaratva va digambara muni se

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sallekhanA sallekhanA kA uddezya kyA hai sallekhanA sallekhanA AtmAghAta nahIM sallekhanA kA mahattva sallekhanA kI vidhi sallekhanA ke aticAra

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sallekhanA sallekhanA kA uddezya sUraja aura cAMda ke udaya aura asta hone kI taraha janma aura mRtyu prakRti ke zAzvata niyama haiN| janma lene vAle kA maraNa sunizcita hai| saMsAra meM koI vyakti amara nahIM hai / pratyeka vyakti ko maranA par3atA hai| isa mRtyu se aparicita rahane ke kAraNa vyakti usake nAma se hI Darate haiN| usase bacane ke aneka upAya karate haiM / kintu bar3I-bar3I auSadhi, cikitsA, mantra-tantra Adi kA prayoga karane ke bAda bhI koI baca nahIM sktaa| bar3e-bar3e mahAbalI yoddhAoM kA bala bhI isa kAlabalI ke sAmane nirarthaka siddha hotA hai, aura eka dina sabhI isa kAla ke gAla meM samAkara apanI jIvana lIlA samApta kara dete haiN| AtmA kI amaratA aura zarIra kI nazvaratA ko samajhane vAlA jaina sAdhaka mRtyu ke kAraNa upasthita hone para bhI unase ghabarAtA nahIM hai, apitu usake svAgata meM mRtyu ko bhI mRtyu-mahotsava meM badala detA hai| vaha yaha socatA hai ki marane se to koI baca nahIM sakatA, cAhe vaha rAjA ho yA raMka, paMDita ho yA mUrkha, dhanI ho yA nirdhana, sabhI ko maranA hai| yadi maiM prasannatApUrvaka maratA hUM, to bhI mujhe maranA hai aura yadi viSAdapUrvaka maratA hUM to bhI mujhe maranA hai / jaba saba paristhitiyoM meM maraNa anivArya aura aparihArya hai to maiM aise kyoM na marUM ki merA sumaraNa ho jaae| isa maraNa kA hI maraNa ho jaae| yaha socakara vaha sallekhanA yA samAdhimaraNa dhAraNa kara letA hai / kyA hai sallekhanA ? 'sallekhanA' (sat + lekhanA) arthAt acchI taraha se kAyA aura kaSAyoM ko kRza karane ko 'sallekhanA' kahate haiN| ise hI samAdhimaraNa bhI kahate haiN| maraNakAla samupasthita hone para sabhI prakAra ke viSAda ko chor3akara samatApUrvaka deha tyAga karanA hI samAdhimaraNa yA sallekhanA hai / jaina sAdhaka mAnava zarIra ko apanI sAdhanA kA sAdhana mAnate hue, jIvanaparyanta usakA apekSita rakSaNa karatA hai, kintu atyadhika durbalatA athavA maraNa ke anya koI kAraNa upasthita hone para jaba zarIra usake saMyama meM sAdhaka na hokara bAdhaka dikhane lagatA hai, use apanA zarIra apane lie hI bhAra bhUta-sA pratIta hone lagatA hai, taba vaha socatA hai ki yaha zarIra to maiM kaI bAra prApta kara cukA / isake vinaSTa hone para bhI yaha punaH mila sakatA hai| zarIra ke chUTa jAne para merA kucha bhI naSTa nahIM hogA, kintu jo vrata, saMyama aura dharma maiMne dhAraNa 1. sarvA. si. 7/22, pR. 280 samyak kAya kaSAya lekhanA sallekhanA /

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254 / jaina dharma aura darzana kie haiM yaha mere jIvana kI amUlya nidhi hai| bar3I durlabhatA se inheM maiMne prApta kiyA hai| inakI mujhe surakSA karanI caahie| ina para kisI prakAra kI AMca na Ae aise prayAsa mujhe karanA cAhie, tAki mujhe bAra-bAra zarIra dhAraNa na karanA par3e aura maiM apane abhISTa sukha ko prApta kara skuu|' yaha socakara vaha binA kisI viSAda ke (citta kI prasannatApUrvaka) Atmacintana ke sAtha AhArAdika kA kramazaH parityAga kara dehotsarga karane ko utsuka hotA hai, isI kA nAma sallekhanA' hai| sallekhanA AtmaghAta nahIM deha tyAga kI isa prakriyA ko nahIM samajha pAne ke kAraNa kucha loga ise AtmaghAta kahate haiM, kintu sallekhanA AtmaghAta nahIM hai| jaina dharma meM AtmaghAta ko pApa, hiMsA evaM AtmA kA ahitakArI kahA gayA hai| yaha ThIka hai ki AtmaghAta aura sallekhA donoM meM prANoM kA vimocana hotA hai, para donoM kI manovRtti meM mahAn antara hai| AtmaghAta jIvana ke prati atyadhika nirAzA evaM tIvra mAnasika asantulana kI sthiti meM kiyA jAtA hai, jabaki sallekhanA parama utsAha se sama bhAva dhAraNa kara kI jAtI hai| AtmaghAta kaSAyoM se prerita hokara kiyA jAtA hai, to sallekhanA kA mUlAdhAra samatA hai| AtmaghAtI ko AtmA kI avinazvaratA kA bhAna nahIM hotA, vaha to dIpaka ke bujha jAne kI taraha zarIra ke vinAza ko hI jIvana kI mukti samajhatA hai, jabaki sallekhanA kA pramukha AdhAra AtmA kI amaratA ko samajhakara apanI paraloka yAtrA ko sudhAranA hai| sallekhanA jIvana ke anta samaya meM zarIra kI atyadhika nirbalatA, anupayuktatA, bhAra-bhUtatA athavA maraNa ke kisI anya kAraNa ke Ane para mRtyu ko aparihArya mAnakara kI jAtI hai; jabaki AtmaghAta jIvana ke kisI bhI kSaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| AtmaghAtI ke pariNAmoM meM dInatA, bhauti aura udAsI pAyI jAtI hai; to sallekhanA meM parama utsAha, nirbhIkatA aura vIratA kA sadabhAva pAyA jAtA hai| AtmaghAta vikRta cittavRtti kA pariNAma hai; to sallekhanA nirvikAra mAnasikatA kA phala hai| AtmaghAta meM jahAM marane kA lakSya hai; to sallekhanA ke dhyeya maraNa ke yogya paristhiti nirmita hone para apane sadagaNoM kI rakSA kA hai. apane jIvana ke nirmANa kA hai| eka kA lakSya apane jIvana ko bigAr3anA hai to dUsare kA lakSya jIvana ko saMvArane/saMbhAlane kA hai| AcArya zrI 'pUjyapAda' svAmI ne sarvArtha siddhi meM eka udAharaNa se isI bAta ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki kisI gRhastha ke ghara meM bahumUlya vastu rakhI ho aura kadAcit bhISaNa agni se vaha jalane lage to vaha yena-kena-prakAreNa use bujhAne kA prayAsa karatA hai| para hara saMbhava prayAsa ke bAda bhI jaba Aga bekAbU hokara bar3hatI hI jAtI hai, to usa viSama paristhiti meM vaha catura vyakti apane makAna kA mamatva chor3akara bahumUlya vastuoM ko bacAne meM laga jAtA hai| usa gRhastha ko makAna kA vidhvaMsaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki usane to 1. (a) A pU.71-74 (ba)ra kazrAvakAcAra 122 (sa) sa. tA vA 7/21/11

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sallekhanA / 255 apanI ora se rakSA karane kI pUrI koziza kI, kiMtu jaba rakSA asaMbhava ho gayI to eka kuzala vyakti ke nAte bahumUlya vastuoM kA saMrakSaNa karanA hI usakA karttavya banatA hai / isI prakAra rogAdikoM se AkrAMta hone para ekadama se sallekhanA nahIM lI jaatii| vaha to zarIra ko apanI sAdhanA kA vizeSa sAdhana samajha yathAsaMbhava usakA yogya upacAra/pratikAra karatA hai, kiMtu pUrI koziza karane para bhI jaba vaha asAdhya dikhatA hai aura vaha niHpratikAra pratIta hotA hai to usa viSama paristhiti meM mRtyu ko avazyambhAvI jAnakara apane vratoM kI rakSA meM udyata ho, samabhAvapUrvaka mRtyurAja ke svAgata meM taiyAra ho jAtA hai|' sallekhanA ko AtmaghAta nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yaha to dehotsarga kI tarkasaMgata aura vaijJAnika paddhati hai, jisase amaratva kI upalabdhi hotI hai / sallekhanA kI isI yuktiyuktatA evaM vaijJAnikatA se prabhAvita hokara bIsavIM zatAbdI ke vikhyAta saMta 'vinobA bhAve' ne jainoM kI isa sAdhanA ko apanAkara sallekhanApUrvaka dehotsarga kiyA thA / sallekhanA kA mahattva sallekhanA ko sAdhaka kI aMtaHkriyA kahA gayA hai| aMtakriyA yAni mRtyu ke samaya kI kriyA ko sudhAranA arthAt kAya aura kaSAya ko kRza karake saMnyAsa dhAraNa karanA, yahI jIvana-bhara ke tapa kA phala hai / jisa prakAra varSa bhara vidyAlaya meM jAkara vidyA- adhyayana karane vAlA vidyArthI, yadi parIkSA ke vakta vidyAlaya nahIM jAtA, to usakI varSa bhara kI par3hAI nirarthaka raha jAtI hai / usI prakAra jIvana-bhara sAdhanA karate rahane ke uparAMta bhI yadi sallekhanApUrvaka maraNa nahIM ho pAtA to usakA vAMchita phala nahIM mila paataa| isalie pratyeka sAdhaka ko sallekhanA jarUra se jarUra karanI caahie| muni aura zrAvaka donoM ke lie sallekhanA anivArya haiN| 3 yathAzakti isake lie prayAsa karanA caahie| jisa prakAra yuddha kA abhyAsI puruSa raNAMgana meM saphalatA prApta karatA hai usI prakAra pUrva meM kie gae abhyAsa ke bala se hI sallekhanA saphala pAtI hai| ataH jaba taka isa bhava kA abhAva nahIM hotA taba taka hameM prati samaya 'samatApUrvaka maraNa hoM' isa prakAra kA bhavva aura puruSArtha karanA cAhie / vastutaH sallekhanA ke binA sAdhanA adhUrI hai| jisa prakAra kisI maMdira ke nirmANa ke bAda jaba taba usa para kalazArohaNa nahIM hotA, taba taka vaha zobhAspada nahIM lagatA; usI prakAra jIvana-bhara kI sAdhanA, sallekhanA ke binA adhUrI raha jAtI hai| sallekhanA sAdhAnA ke maMDapa meM kiyA jAne vAlA kalazArohaNa hai / sallekhanA kI vidhi sallekhanA yA samAdhi kA artha eka sAtha saba prakAra ke khAna-pAna kA tyAga karake baiTha jAnA 1. sarvA. si. 7/22 2. antaH kriyAdhikaraNaM tapaH phalaM sakaladarzinaH stuvate / tasmAdyAvaddibhavaM samAdhimaraNe prayatitavyaM / ra ka. zrI. 123 3. mAraNAntikIM sallekhanA joSitA / tU sU 7/22 4. bhaga A. mU 20-21

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256 / jaina dharma aura darzana nahIM hai| apitu usakA eka nizcita krama hai| usa krama kA dhyAna rakhakara hI sallekhanA karanI/karAnI caahie| isakA dhyAna rakhe binA eka sAtha hI saba prakAra ke khAna-pAna kA tyAga karA dene se sAdhaka ko aneka kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3a sakatA hai| kabhI-kabhI to use apane lakSya se cyuta bhI ho jAnA par3atA hai| ataH sAdhaka ko kisI bhI prakAra kI AkulatA na ho aura vaha kramazaH apanI kAyA aura kaSAyoM ko kRza karatA huA, dehotsarga kI dizA meM Age bar3he, isakA dhyAna rakhakara hI sallekhanA kI vidhi banAyI gayI hai| sallekhanA kI vidhi meM sarvaprathama, kaSAyoM ko kRza karane kA upAya batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki sAdhaka ko sarvaprathama apane kuTumbiyoM, parijanoM evaM mitroM se sneha, apane zatruoM se baira tathA saba prakAra ke bAhya padArthoM se mamatva kA zuddha mana se tyAgakara, miSTa vacanoM ke sAtha apane svajanoM aura parijanoM se kSamA yAcanA karanI cAhie tathA apanI ora se bhI unheM kSamA karanI caahie| usake bAda kisI yogya guru (niryApakAcArya) ke pAsa jAkara kRta kAritAnumodanA se kie gae saba prakAra ke pApoM kI chalarahita AlocanA kara, maraNaparyanta ke lie mahAvratoM ko dhAraNa karanA cAhie / (yadi gRhastha ho to) usake sAtha hI use saba prakAra ke zoka, bhaya, saMtApa, kheda, viSAda, kAluSya, arati Adi azubha bhAvoM ko tyAga kara apane bala, vIrya, sAhasa aura utsAha ko bar3hAte hue guruoM ke dvArA sunAI jAne vAlI amRta-vANI se apane mana ko prasanna rakhanA caahie| kaSAya sallekhanA kA yaha saMkSipta rUpa hai| isakA vizeSa kathana graMthoM se jAnanA caahie| isa prakAra jJAnapUrvaka kaSAyoM ko kRza karane ke sAtha vaha apanI kAyA ko kRza karane ke hetu sarvaprathama sthUla/Thosa AhAra-dAla-bhAta, roTI jaise AhAra kA tyAga karatA hai tathA dugdha, chAcha Adi jaise peya padArthoM meM rahane kA abhyAsa baDhAtA hai| dhIre-dhIre jaba dUdha, chAcha Adi para rahane kA abhyAsa ho jAtA hai. taba vaha unakA bhI tyAga kara mAtra garma jala grahaNa karatA hai| isa prakAra citta kI sthiratApUrvaka apane ukta abhyAsa aura zakti ko bar3hAkara, dhIrajapUrvaka, aMta meM usa jala kA bhI tyAga kara detA hai aura apane vratoM kA niraticAra pAlana karate hue 'paMca-namaskAra' maMtra kA smaraNa karatA huA zAMtipUrvaka, isa deha kA tyAgakara paraloka ko prayANa karatA hai|' sallekhanA ke aticAra sallekhanA dhArI sAdhaka ko apanI sevA, suzruSA hotI dekhakara athavA apanI isa sAdhanA se bar3hatI huI pratiSThA ke lobha meM aura adhika jIne kI AkAMkSA nahIM karanI caahie| "maiMne AhArAdi kA tyAga to kara diyA hai, kiMtu maiM adhika samaya taka rahUM, to mujhe bhUkha-pyAsa Adi kI vedanA bhI ho sakatI hai isalie aba aura adhika na jIkara zIghra hI mara jAUM to acchA hai|" isa prakAra maraNa kI AkAMkSA bhI nahIM karanI caahie| "maiM sallekhanA to dhAraNa kara lI hai, para aisA na ho ki kSudhAdika kI vedanA bar3ha jAe aura maiM use saha na paauuN|" isa prakAra kA bhaya bhI mana se nikAla denA cAhie / "aba to mujhe isa saMsAra se vidA honA hI 1. rakabA 122-130

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sallekhanA / 257 hai, kiMtu eka bAra maiM apane amuka mitra se mila letA to bahuta acchA hotaa|" isa prakAra kA bhAva mitrAnurAga hai / sallekhanAdhArI sAdhaka ko isase bhI bacanA caahie|" "mujhe isa sAdhanA ke prabhAva se AgAmI janma meM vizeSa bhogopabhoga kI sAmagrI prApta ho," isa prakAra kA vicAra karanA nidAna hai / sAdhaka ko isase bhI bacanA caahie| jIne-marane kI cAha, bhaya, mitroM se anurAga aura nidAna ye pAMcoM sallekhanA ko dUSita karane vAle aticAra haiN|' sAdhaka ko inase bacanA caahie| jo eka bAra aticAra rahita hokara sallekhanApUrvaka maraNa prApta karatA hai, vaha ati zIghra mokSa ko prApta karatA hai| jaina zAstroM ke anusAra sallekhanA - pUrvaka maraNa karane vAlA sAdhaka yA to usI bhava se mukta ho jAtA hai yA eka yA do bhava ke aMtarAla meM / aisA kahA gayA hai ki sallekhanApUrvaka maraNa hone se adhika se adhika sAta-ATha bhavoM ke aMtara se to mukti ho hI jAtI hai| isIlie jaina sAdhanA meM sallekhanA ko itanA mahattva diyA gayA hai tathA pratyeka sAdhaka (zrAvaka aura muni donoM) ko jIvana ke aMta meM prItipUrvaka sallekhanA dhAraNa karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| zUravIra kI ahiMsA rASTra kI rakSA ke lie aisA koI kArya nahIM hai jo jainI na kara sakatA ho / aura yuddhoM meM acche-acche : jainiyoM ke purANa to yuddhoM se bhare par3e haiM aNuvratiyoM ne bhI bhAga liyA hai| 1 padma purANa meM lar3AI para jAte hue kSatriyoM ke varNana meM nimnalikhita zloka dhyAna dene yogya hai - samyagdarzana sampanaH zUraH kazcidaNuvratI / pRSThatoM vIkSyate palyA purastridazakanyayA // kisI samyagdRSTi aura aNuvratI sipAhI ko pIche se patnI aura sAmane se deva kanyAeM dekha rahIM haiM I 1. ra ka zrA 15 2. pratikramaNa sUtra svAmI rAmabhakta ke lekha "jaina dharma meM ahiMsA" se uddhata. varNI abhinaMdana graMtha, pR. 31

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anekAMta aura syAdavAda * anekAMta anekAMta kA artha vastu anekAMtAtmaka hai virodha meM avirodha kaise? anekAMta kI AvazyakatA * syAdavAda syAdvAda kA artha syAdavAda kA artha zAyadavAda nahIM nitya vyavahAra kI vastu saptabhaMgI sapta bhaMgI kA artha bhaMga sAta hI kyoM? anekAMta syAdavAda aura sapta bhaMgI meM saMbaMdha

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anekAMta aura syAdavAda anekAMta anekAMta jaina darzana kA hRdaya hai| samasta jaina vAGgamaya anekAMta ke AdhAra para varNita hai, usake binA jaina darzana ko samajha pAnA duSkara hai| anekAMta dRSTi eka aisI dRSTi hai jo vastu tattva ko usake samagra svarUpa ke sAtha prastuta karatI hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra vastu bahuAyAmI hai| usameM paraspara virodhI aneka guNa dharma haiM / hama apanI ekAMta dRSTi se vastu kA samagra bodha nahIM kara sakate / vastu ke samagra bodha ke lie samagra dRSTi apanAne kI jarUrata hai| vaha anekAMtAtmaka dRSTi apanAne para hI saMbhava hai| anekAMta darzana bahuta vyApaka hai, isake binA loka-vyavahAra bhI nahIM cala sktaa| samasta vyavahAra aura vicAra isI anekAMta kI sudRDha bhUmi para hI TikA hai| ataH usake svarUpa ko jAna lenA bhI jarUrI hai| anekAMta kA artha 'anekAMta' zabda 'aneka' aura 'aMta' ina do zabdoM ke sammela se banA hai| 'aneka kA artha hotA hai eka se adhika, nAnA / 'aMta' kA artha hai dharma / (yadyapi aMta kA artha vinAza, chora Adi bhI hotA hai para vaha yahAM abhipreta nahIM hai / ) jaina darzana ke anusAra vastu paraspara virodhI aneka guNa-dharmoM kA piMDa hai| vaha sat bhI hai asat bhI,eka bhI hai aneka bhI, nitya bhI hai anitya bhii| isa prakAra paraspara virodhI anekoM dharma yugala vastu meM aMtagarbhita hai| usakA parijJAna hameM ekAMta dRSTi se nahIM ho sakatA, usake lie anekAMtAtmaka dRSTi caahie| vastu anekAMtAtmaka hai pratyeka padArtha jahAM apane svarUpa kI apekSA sat hai vahIM para rUpa kI apekSA vaha asat bhI hai| yathA ghaTa apane svarUpa kI apekSA hI sat hai vahIM para rUpa kI apekSA asat hai| isI taraha vaha apane akhaMDa guNa-dharmoM kI apekSA eka hai tathA apane rUpa,rasa Adi aneka guNoM kI apekSA aneka hai| pratyeka padArtha meM pratisamaya 'utpAda vyaya dhrauvyAtmaka pariNamana hotA A rahA hai| pratisamaya pariNamanazIla hone kA bAda bhI usakI cirasaMtati sarvathA ucchinna nahIM hotI isalie vaha nitya hai, tathA usakI paryAya prati samaya badala rahI hai isa apekSA se vaha anitya bhI hai| isa prakAra vastu paraspara virodhI aneka guNa-dharmoM kA piMDa hai| isa dRSTi se hama kaheM ki vastu bahumukhI hai, bahuAyAmI hai| usake eka pakSa ko grahaNa karake usakA pUrNa

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262/ jaina dharma aura darzana paricaya nahIM pAyA jA sakatA / hama apane ekAMgI/eka koNika/eka pakSIya dRSTi se vastu ke ekAMza ko hI jAna sakate haiM / vastu ke virATa svarUpa ko bahumukhIna dRSTi se hI samajhA jA sakatA hai, tabhI usakA samagra bodha hogaa| isa prakAra anekAMta kA artha huA vastu kA samagra bodha karAne vAlI dRSTi / virodha meM avirodha kaise? eka hI vastu paraspara virodhI dharma vAlI kaise ho sakatI hai? yaha bAta sAmAnya vyakti ke mana meM uTha sakatI hai| kiMtu hama vastu tattva para gaharAI se vicAra kareM to jagat ke carAcara sabhI padArtha paraspara virodhI hI dikhAI pdd'eNge| yaha saba anekAMtAtmaka dRSTi para hI saMbhava hai, kyoMki vastu ko hama jaisA dekhanA cAheM, vastu hameM vaisI hI dikhatI hai| pAnI se bhare Adhe gilAsa ko hama yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki 'gilAsa AdhA bharA hai tathA yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'gilAsa AdhA khAlI hai'| yaha saba dekhane vAle kI dRSTi para nirbhara hai,kyoMki gilAsa khAlI bhI hai aura usI samaya bharA bhI hai| yadi hama ekAMta AgrahapUrvaka 'gilAsa AdhA bharA hI hai', 'gilAsa AdhA khAlI hI hai', aisA kahate haiM to yaha gilAsa ke sAtha anyAya hogaa| yathArthataH vaha khAlI aura bharA donoM hai| isI prakAra jagat ke pratyeka padArtha meM anekAMtAtmaka dikhate haiN| Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM yaha siddha karane kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| eka hI aNu meM jahAM AkarSaNa zakti vidyAmana hai, vahAM vikarSaNa zakti bhI apanA samAna astitva rakhatI hai| usameM jahAM saMhArakArI zakti vidyamAna hai vahIM usameM sthita-nirmANakArI zakti bhI apanA paricaya de rahI hai| jala hamAre jIvana kA pramukha AdhAra hai / usake pIne se hamArI prANa rakSA hotI hai, vahIM jala tairate samaya guTakA laga jAne se jAna levA siddha hotA hai| agni hamAre lie bahuta upakAraka hai, yaha sabhI jAnate haiN| vaha hamAre bhojana Adi ke nirmANa meM sahAyaka hotI hai; kiMtu vahI agni jaba kisI makAna meM laga jAtI hai. taba vaha kitanI saMhAraka hotI hai.kahane kI jarUrata nhiiN| isa prakAra eka hI agni meM pAcakatva aura dAhakatva jaise do virodhI dharma hameM dikhate hI haiN| jisa bhojana se hamArI kSudhA dUra hotI hai, jo bhojana bhUkhe kA prANa rakSaka hotA hai; vahI bhojana kisI ajIrNagrasta rogo ke lie viSa sAbita hotA hai| viSa jo hamAre prANoM kA ghAtaka hai vahI vaidyoM dvArA kabhI-kabhI auSadhi ke rUpa meM diyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra eka hI vastu viSa aura amRta donoM hai| ekAntavAdiyoM ko yaha bAta samajha meM nahIM A sktii| ve kahate haiM ki "isa prakAra paraspara viruddha do dharmoM ko svIkAra karane para virodha upasthita hotA hai| lekina virodha dekhane vAle kI dRSTi meM ho sakatA hai, virodha vastu meM nahIM hai| vastu to aneka virodhI dharmoM kA avirodhI Azraya sthala hai| virodha to taba hotA jaba agni ko jisa dRSTi se pAcaka kahA jAe usI dRSTi se dAhaka kahate, kiMtu jaba paraspara virodhI dharmoM kA bhinna-bhinna dRSTiyoM se sApekSa kathana kiyA jAtA hai taba virodha kI koI saMbhAvanA nahIM rhtii| saba kucha sApekSa hI hai| ise isa udAharaNa se samajheM

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anekAMta aura syAdavAda / 263 zikSaka ne chAtroM ke sAmane borDa para eka rekhA khIMcI aura kahA ki "isa rekhA ko binA miTAe choTI kro|" sabhI chAtra soca meM par3a gaye ki rekhA ko miTAe binA use choTI kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai? kiMtu eka catura chAtra uThA usane caoNka uThAyA aura usa rekhA ke nIce bar3I rekhA khIMca dii| pahalI rekhA ApoM-Apa choTI ho gyii| sAre chAtra cakita the| zikSaka ne punaH kahA "aba isa rekhA ko choTI kro|" chAtra punaH uThA aura usake nIce eka bar3I rekhA aura khIMca dii| vaha rekhA bhI choTI ho gyii| isa prakAra eka hI rekhA kisI apekSA se bar3I hai to kisI apekSA se choTI bhI hai| isa udAharaNa meM sirpha itanA hI batAnA hai ki usa rekhA meM 'laghutva' aura 'dIrghatva' paraspara viruddha dharma svarUpataH vidyamAna hai aura usake Upara khIMcI gayI bar3I aura choTI rekhAoM ke kAraNa usameM choTepana aura bar3epana kI apekSA se vyavahAra huaa| isase spaSTa hai ki vastu meM paraspara virodhI dharma vidyamAna haiN| paraspara virodhI dhoM kA sahI mUlyAMkana sApekSa/anekAMta dRSTi apanAne para hI saMbhava hai| yadi hama vastu ke eka dharma ko pakar3akara usameM hI pUrI vastu kA nizcaya kara baiThate haiM to hameM vastu kA sahI parijJAna nahIM ho sktaa| satya sAdhaka dRSTi : yaha anekAMta dRSTi hameM ekAMgI vicAra se bacAkara sarvAMgINa vicAra ke lie prerita karatI hai| isakA pariNAma hotA hai ki hama satya ko samajhane lagate haiN| satya ko samajhane ke lie anekAMta dRSTi hI ekamAtra sAdhana hai| jo vicAraka vastu ke anekAMta dharma ko apanI dRSTi se ojhala kara usake kisI eka hI dharma ko pakar3akara baiTha jAte haiM, ve satya ko nahIM pA skte| - vastu ke ukta svarUpa ko nahIM samajha pAne ke kAraNa hI vibhinna matavAdoM kI udbhUti huI hai tathA saba apane mata ko satya mAnane ke sAtha-sAtha dUsare ke mata ko asatya karAra de rahe haiN| nityavAdI padArtha ke nitya aMza ko pakar3akara anityavAdiyoM ko bhalA-burA kahatA hai, to anityavAdI nityavAdiyoM ko ukhAr3a pheMkane kI koziza meM hai| sabhI vastu ke eka pakSa ko grahaNa kara satyAMza ko hI satya mAnane kA durabhimAna kara baiThe haiN| anekAMta dRSTi kahatI hai ki "bhAI ! vastu ko samagrataH jAnane ke lie samagra dRSTi kI jarUrata hai| hama apane ekAMta dRSTi se vastu ke eka aMza ko hI jAna sakate haiM, satyAMza kabhI bhI pUrNa satya nahIM ho sktaa| vastu ke vividha saMdoM para vicAra karane para hI usakA saMpUrNa bodha ho sakatA hai| vastu ke eka aMza ko jAnakara use hI pUrNa vastu mAna baiThanA hamArI bhUla hai| usake vibhinna pahaluoM ko milAne kA prayAsa karo, vastu apane pUrNa rUpa meM sAkAra ho utthegii| isa tathya ko hama isa udAharaNa se samajha sakate haiM mAna lIjie himAlaya para aneka parvatArohI vibhinna dizAoM se car3hate haiM, aura bhinna-bhinna dizAoM se usake citra khIMcate haiN| koI pUrva se,koI pazcima se, koI uttara se, koI dakSiNa se / yaha to nizcita hai ki bhinna-bhinna dizAoM se lie gae citra bhI eka-dUsare se bhinna hoNge| phalataH vaha eka-dUsare se viparIta dikhAI pdd'eNge| aisI sthiti meM koI himAlaya ke eka hI dizA ke citra ko sahI batAkara anya dizA ke citroM ko jhUThA batAe yA use himAlaya kA mAnane se spaSTa iMkAra kara de to use hama kyA kaheMge? vastutaH sabhI citra ekapakSIya haiN| himAlaya kA ekadezIya pratibiMba hI usameM aMkita

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264 / jaina dharma aura darzana hai kiMtu hama unheM asatya yA avAstavika to nahIM kaha skte| saba citroM ko yathAkrama milAyA jAe to himAlaya kA pUrNa citra apane-Apa hAtha A jaaegaa| khaMDa-khaMDa himAlaya akhaMDa AkRti le legA aura isake sAtha hI himAlaya ke dRzyoM kA khaMDita sauMdarya akhaMDita satya kI anubhUti ko abhivyakti degaa| yahI bAta vastugata satya ke sAtha hai| hama vastu ke ekapakSa se usake samagra rUpa ko nahIM jAna sakate / vastu ke vibhinna pakSoM ko apane nAnA saMdarbho ke bIca suMdara samanvaya sthApita karane ke bAda hI hama vAstavika bodha prApta kara sakate haiN| anekAMta kI AvazyakatA vastu ke yathArtha jJAna ke lie anekAMta kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai| kisI vastu/bAta ko ThIka-ThIka na samajhakara usake Upara apane haThapUrNa vicAra athavA ekAMta Agraha lAdane para bar3e anarthoM kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| isa viSaya meM eka paraMparita kathA hai eka gAMva meM pahalI bAra hAthI aayaa| gAMva vAloM ne aba taka hAthI dekhA nahIM thaa| ve hAthI se parI taraha aparicita the| usa gAMva meM pAMca aMdhe bhI rahate the| unhoMne bhI jaba sunA ki gAMva meM hAthI AyA hai to sabhI kI taraha ve bhI pradarzana sthala para phuNce| AMkhoM ke abhAva meM sabane hAthI ko chUkara alaga-alaga dekhA / unameM se eka ne kahA, "hAthI rassI kI taraha hai, usane pUMcha ko chuA thaa| dUsare ne usake paira ko chuA aura kahA ki "hAthI to khaMbe jaisI koI AkRti hai / " tIsare ne hAthI kI sUMDa ko chuA aura kahA, "are ! yaha to koI jhUlane vAlI vastu kI AkRti kA prANI hai / " cauthe ne hAthI ke peTa/ghar3a ko chuA aura kahA "hAthI to dIvAra kI taraha hai| pAMcaveM ne usake kAna ko sparza kiyA aura kahA,"ho na ho yaha to sUpa kI AkRti vAlA koI prANI hai|" alaga-alaga anubhavoM ke AdhAra para pAMcoM ke apane-apane niSkarSa the| pAMcoM ne hAthI ko aMzoM meM jAnA thaa| pariNAmataH pAMcoM eka jagaha baiThakara hAthI ke viSaya meM jhagar3ane lge| saba apanI-apanI bAta para ar3e the| itane meM eka samajhadAra AMkha vAlA vyakti aayaa| usane unake vivAda kA kAraNa jAnakara kahA,"bhAI jhagar3ate kyoM ho? tuma saba aMdhere meM ho, tumameM se kisI ne bhI hAthI ko pUrNa nahIM jAnA hai| kevala hAthI ke eka aMza ko jAnakara aura usI ko pUrNa hAthI samajhakara Apasa meM lar3a rahe ho / dhyAna se suno-maiM tumheM hAthI kA pUrNa rUpa batAtA hUM / kAna, peTa,paira, sUMDa aura pUMcha Adi sabhI avayavoM ko milAne para hAthI kA pUrNa rUpa hotA hai / kAna pakar3ane vAloM ne samajha liyA ki hAthI itanA hI hai aura aisA hI hai| paira Adi pakar3ane vAloM ne bhI aisA hI samajhA hai; lekina tuma logoM kA aisA samajhanA kUpa-maMDukatA hai| kuMe meM rahane vAlA meMDhaka samajhatA hai saMsAra itanA hI hai| hAthI kA svarUpa kevala kAna, paira Adi hI nahIM hai, kiMtu kAna-paira Adi sabhI avayavoM ko milA dene para hI hAthI kA pUrNa rUpa banatA hai|" aMdhoM ko bAta samajha meM A gyii| unheM apanI-apanI ekAMta dRSTi para pazcAtApa haa| sabhI ne hAthI viSayaka pUrNa jJAna prApta kara saMtoSa kA anubhava kiyaa| samanvaya kA zreSTha sAdhana yathArtha meM anekAMta pUrNadarzI hai aura ekAMta apuurnndrshii|

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anekAMta aura syAdavAda / 265 sabase burI bAta to yaha hai ki 'ekAMta' mithyA aminiveza ke kAraNa vastu ke eka aMza ko hI pUrNa vastu mAna baiThatA hai, aura kahatA hai ki vastu itanI hI hai, aisI hI hai ityAdi / isI se nAnA prakAra ke jhagar3e utpanna hote haiM / eka mata kA dUsare mata se virodha ho jAtA hai; lekina anekAMta usa virodha kA parihAra karake unakA samanvaya karatA hai| isa prakAra anekAMta dRSTi vastu tattva ke vibhinna pakSoM ko tattata dRSTi se svIkAra kara samanvaya kA zreSTha sAdhana banatA hai| anekAMta dRSTi kA artha hI yahI hai ki pratyeka vyakti kI bAta sahAnubhUtipUrvaka vicAra kara paraspara saujanya aura sauhArda sthApita kre| apane ekAMta aura saMkIrNa vicAradhArA ke kAraNa hI Aja kalaha aura kaluSatA kI sthiti nirmita hotI jA rahI hai| kiMtu saMkIrNa dAyaroM se mukta hokara jahAM pratyeka vyakti kI bAta kA sahAnubhUtipUrvaka vicAra kara usakA samucita Adara kiyA jAtA hai vahAM kalaha aura kaluSatA kI koI guMjAiza hI nahIM rhtii| Aja vaiyaktika, pArivArika, sAmAjika, rAjanItika yA jIvana ke kisI bhI kSetra meM hamAre ekAMtika rukha ke kAraNa hI visaMvAda ho rahe haiN| isa kSetra meM anekAMta dRSTi bahuta upayogI hai, kyoMki anekAMta dRSTi sirpha apanI hI bAta nahIM karatI, apitu sAmane vAle kI bAta ko bhI dhairyapUrvaka sunatI hai| jahAM sirpha apanI hI bAta kA Agraha hotA hai satya hamase dUra ho jAtA hai| paraMtu jahAM apanI bAta ke sAtha-sAtha dUsaroM kI bAta kI bhI sahaja svIkRti rahatI hai, satya kA suMdara phUla vahIM khilatA hai| ekAMta 'hI' kA pratIka hai to anekAMta 'bhI' kA / jahAM 'hI' kA Agraha hotA hai vahAM saMgharSa janma letA hai tathA jahAM 'bhI' kI anugUMja hotI hai vahAM samanvaya kI surabhi phailatI hai| 'hI' meM kalaha hai 'bhI' meM samanvaya, 'hI' meM Agraha hai 'bhI' meM apekSA / kahA gayA hai ki AgrahazIla vyakti yuktiyoM ko khIMcatAna kara vahIM le jAtA hai jahAM pahale se hI usakI buddhi jamI hotI hai| kiMtu pakSapAta se rahita madhyastha vyakti apanI buddhi ko vahIM le jAtA hai jahAM use yuktiyAM le jAtI haiN| anekAMta darzana yahI sikhAtA hai ki yukti siddha vastu svarUpa ko hI zuddha dRSTi se svIkAra karanA cAhie baddhi kA yahI vAstavika phala hai| jo ekAMta ke prati AgrahazIla hai aura dUsaroM ke satyAMza ko svIkArane ke lie tatpara nahIM hai, vaha tattvarUpI navanIta ko prApta nahIM kara sktaa| gopI navanIta tabhI pAtI hai, jaba vaha mathAnI kI rassI ke eka chora ko khIMcatI hai aura dUsare chora ko DhIlA chor3atI hai| agara vaha eka hI chora khIMce aura dUsare ko DhIlA na chor3e to navanIta nahIM nikala sktaa| isI prakAra jaba eka dRSTikoNa ko gauNa karake dUsare dRSTikoNa ko pradhAna rUpa se prakAzita kiyA jAtA hai, tabhI satya kA navanIta hAtha lagatA hai| ataeva ekAMta ke gaMdale pokhara se nikalakara anekAMta ke zItala sarovara meM avagAhita honA hI zreyaskara hai| 1. AgrahIbat ninIpati yukti tatra yatra matirasya niviSTA / pakSapAtarahitasya tu yukti yatra matireti nivezam // 2. ekenAkarSayantI zladhayantI vastutatvamitareNa / antena jayati jainI nItirmanyAnanetramiva gopI / / pU. si.3

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syAdvAda jaba vastu tattva hI anekAnAtmaka hai to usake prarUpaNa ke lie kisI bhASA-zailI ko apanAnA bhI jarUrI hai| syAdvAda usI bhASA-zailI kA nAma hai jisase anekAMtmaka vastu tattva kA prarUpaNa hotA hai / prAyaH anekAMta aura syAdvAda ko paryAyavAcI mAna liyA jAtA hai kiMtu donoM paryAyavAcI nahIM haiN| anekAMta jJAnAtmaka hai aura syAdvAda vacanAtmaka anekAMta aura syAdvAda meM vAcya vAcaka saMbaMdha hai / anekAMta vAcya hai to syAdvAda vAcaka, anekAMta pratipAdya hai to syAdvAda pratipAdaka / ataH anekAMta aura syAdvAda ko paryAyavAcI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| hAM! anekAMtavAda aura syAdvAda ko paryAyavAcI kahA jA sakatA hai| vastutaH 'syAdvAda' anekAMtAtmaka vastu tattva ko abhivyakta karane kI praNAlI hai / 2 syAdvAda kA artha 'syAdvAda' pada 'syAta' aura 'vAda' ina do zabdoM ke yoga se banA hai / prakRta meM syAt zabda avyayanipAta hai / kriyA yA praznAdi rUpa nahIM / isakA artha hai kathaMcita kisI apekSA se, kisI dRSTi vizeSa se / 'vAda' zabda kA artha hai mAnyatA, kathana, vacana athavA pratipAdana | jo 'syAta' kA kathana athavA pratipAdana karane vAlA hai vaha syAdvAda hai| isa prakAra syAdvAda kA artha huA - vibhinna dRSTi biMduoM se anekAMtAtmaka vastu kA paraspara sApekSa kathana karane kI paddhati / ise kathaMcitavAda, apekSAvAda aura sApekSavAda bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| 1 syAdvAda vastu ke paraspara virodhI dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa na karate hue paraspara mukhya gauNatA ke sAtha anekAntAtmaka vastu tatva kA pratipAdana karatA hai| hama yaha jAna cuke haiM ki vastu tattva anekAMtAtmaka hai / use hama apane jJAna ke dvArA jAna to sakate haiM kiMtu vANI dvArA usakA eka sAtha pratipAdana saMbhava nahIM hai| zabda kI eka sImA hotI hai| vaha eka bAra meM vastu ke kisI eka dharma kA hI kathana kara sakatA hai, kyoMki 'sakRduccAritaH zabdaH ekamevArthaM gamayati' isa niyama ke anusAra eka bAra bolA gayA zabda eka hI artha kA bodha karAtA hai 1 vaktA apane abhiprAya ko yadi eka hI vastu dharma ke sAtha prakaTa karatA hai to usase vastu 1. syAditi avyayamanekAMtatA dyotakaM tataH syAdvAda : anekAMtavAda itiyAvat / syAdvAda maMjari / 2. anekAMtatmakArtha kathanaM syAdvAdaH 3. samayasAra syAdvAda adhikAra tA. va., pR. 381

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anekAMta aura syAdavAda / 267 tattva kA sahI nirNaya nahIM ho sktaa| kiMtu syAt pUrvaka apane abhiprAya ko prakaTa karane se vastu svarUpa kA yathArtha pratipAdana hotA hai, kyoMki 'syAt' pUrvaka bolA gayA vacana apane artha ko kahatA huA bhI anya dharmoM kA niSedha nahIM karatA balki unakI mauna svIkRti banAye rakhatA hai| hAM jise vaha kahatA hai vaha pradhAna ho jAtA hai aura zeSa gauNa / kyoMki jo vivakSita hotA hai vaha mukhya kahalAtA hai| aura avivakSita gauNa / isa prakAra syAdAda vacana meM anekAMta savyavasthita rahatA hai syAdvAda kA artha zAyadavAda nahIM syAdvAda ke artha ko samajhane meM bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne bhayAnaka bhUla kI hai| zaMkarAcArya kA anukaraNa karate hue Aja bhI DA. rAdhAkRSNana jaise katipaya vidvAn usI prAMta paraMparA kA anusaraNa karate cale A rahe haiN| ve 'syAtvAda' meM 'syAt' pada kA artha phArasI ke zAyada se jor3akara syAdvAda ko zAyadavAda, saMdehavAda, saMbhAvanAvAda athavA kadAcitvAda mAnate haiN| kheda kI bAta to yaha hai ki jaina graMthoM meM isa pada kA rahasya samajhAne vAle aneka ullekhoM ke hone para bhI yaha prAMta paraMparA abhI taka calI A rahI hai| _ 'syAdvAda' ke 'syAt' pada kA abhipreta artha zAyada saMbhAvanA, saMzaya yA kadAcit Adi kadApi nahIM hai, jisase ki ise zAyadavAda, saMzayavAda athavA saMbhAvanAvAda kahA jA ske| jaina graMthoM meM spaSTollekha hai ki 'syAt' zabda anekAMta kA vAcI zabda hai jo eka nizcita dRSTikoNa ko prakaTa karatA hai| vastutaH mUla jaina graMthoM ko nahIM dekha pAne ke kAraNa hI syAdvAda ke viSaya meM isa prakAra kI dhAraNA banI hai| varSoM se calI A rahI isa prakAra kI bhrAMta dhAraNA kA unmUlana karate hae kAzI vizvavidyAlaya meM darzana vibhAga ke adhyakSa raha cuke sva. pro. phaNibhUSaNa adhikArI ne bar3I mArmika bAta kahI hai| ve kahate haiM-"jaina dharma ke syAdvAda siddhAMta ko jitanA galata samajhA gayA hai utanA anya kisI siddhAMta ko nhiiN| yahAM taka ki zaMkarAcArya bhI isa doSa se mukta nahIM haiN| unhoMne bhI isa siddhAMta ke sAtha anyAya kiyA hai| yaha bAta alpajJa puruSoM ke lie kSamya ho sakatI thI kiMtu yadi mujhe kahane kA adhikAra hai to maiM bhArata ke isa mahAn vidvAna ke lie to akSamya hI khuuNgaa| yadyapi meM isa maharSi ko atIva Adara kI dRSTi se dekhatA huuN| aisA jAna par3atA hai ki unhoMne isa dharma ke darzanazAstra ke mUla graMthoM ko par3hane kI paravAha nahIM kii|" isI prakAra prayAga vizvavidyAlaya ke tatkAlIna kulapati mahAmahopAdhyAya sva. DaoN. gaMgAnAtha jhA likhate haiM, "jaba se maiMne zaMkarAcArya dvArA jaina siddhAMta kA khaMDana par3hA hai taba se mujhe vizvAsa huA ki usa siddhAMta meM bahuta kucha hai, jise vedAMta ke AcAryoM ne 1.(a) vAkyeSu anekAMta dyoti gAmyaM prati vizeSaka syAta nipAto'I yogitvAt tava kevalinAmapi / A mI..103 (ba) savarthAtva niSedhako'nekAMtatA dyotakaH kathaMcida syAta zabda nipAtaH / paMcA kA. TI. (sa) syAdAda savadhaikAMtatyAgAt kiMvata citidhi / A. mI. 104 2. ekenAkarSayaMtI zlathayantI vastutatvamitareNa / antena jAyati bainI nItirmanthAna netramiva gopii|

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268/ jaina dharma aura darzana nahIM smjhaa| aura jo kucha maiM jaina dharma ko aba taka jAna sakA hUM usase merA yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa huA hai ki yadi ve isa dharma ke mUla graMthoM ko par3hane kA kaSTa uThAte to unheM jaina dharma kA virodha karane kI koI bAta hI nahIM miltii| syAt zabda sunizcita rUpa se batAtA hai ki vastu kevala isa dharma vAlI hI nahIM hai, usameM isake atirikta bhI aneka dharma vidyamAna haiN| vANI ke dvArA vastu kA eka sAtha pratipAdana saMbhava nahIM hai isalie jisa yA jina dharmoM kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai ve pradhAna ho jAte haiM aura zeSa gaunn| 'syAt' zabda anya avivakSita guNa dharmoM ke astitva kI rakSA karatA hai| jaise yaha kalama laMbI hai, gola hai, moTI hai, sparza rUpAdi aneka guNa-dharma usake aMdara vidyamAna haiN| yadi koI kahe ki 'syAt' yaha kalama laMbI hai to isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki zAyada kalama laMbI hai| laMbAI kI dRSTi se to kalama laMbI hI hai lekina koI kalama laMbI hai, aisA sunakara kalama ko laMbI hI na mAna baiThe, isalie syAt lagAyA gayA hai / 'syAt' zabda kA to sirpha itanA hI uddezya hai ki vastu ke vivakSita kisI eka dharma ko hI pUrNa vastu na mAna lI jaae| vaha vastu ke vivakSita dharmavAcI zabda ko vastu para pUrNAdhikAra jamAne se rokatA hai| 'syAt' zabda kahatA hai ki "vastu kA astitva bahuta virATa hai| bhAI ! kalama ! yaha satya hai ki tuma laMbI ho para tuma sirpha laMbI hI nahIM ho| isa samaya zabda ke dvArA uccArita hone ke kAraNa yadyapi tuma mukhya ho, phira bhI isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki sArI vastu para hI tumhArA adhikAra ho / moTAI, golAI Adi tumhAre zeSa/anaMta dharma bhAI bhI tumhAre hI taraha astitvavAna haiN| ve bhI utane hI mahattvapUrNa haiM jitane ki tuma / " 'syAt' zabda ke isI rahasya ko ujAgara karate hue pro. mahendra kumAra nyAyAcArya ne likhA hai ki- 'zabda kA svabhAva hai ki vaha avadhAraNAtmaka hotA hai isalie anya kA pratiSedha karane meM vaha niraMkuza ho jAtA hai / usa anya ke pratiSedha para aMkuza lagAne kA kArya 'syAt' karatA hai / vaha kahatA hai ki 'rUpavAna ghaTaH' vAkya ghaTa ke rUpa kA pratipAdana bhale hI kare,para vaha rUpavAna hI hai yaha avadhAraNa karake ghar3e meM rahane vAle rasa, gaMdha Adi kA pratiSedha nahIM kara sktaa| vaha apane svArtha ko mukhya rUpa se kahe yahAM taka to koI hAni nahIM para yadi vaha isase Age bar3hakara apane hI svArtha ko saba kucha mAna zeSa kA niSedha karatA hai to usakA aisA karanA anyAya hai aura vastusthiti kA viparyAsa karanA hai| syAt zabda isI anyAya ko rokatA hai aura nyAya vacana paddhati kI sUcanA detA hai| vaha pratyeka vAkya ke sAtha anusyUta rahatA hai, aura gupta rahakara bhI pratyeka vAkya ko mukhya gauNa bhAva se anekAMta artha kA pratipAdaka banAtA hai| syAdvAda sunaya kA nirUpaNa karane vAlI viziSTa bhASA paddhati hai| syAt yaha nizcita rUpa se batAtA hai ki vastu kevala isI dharmavAlI hI nahIM hai| usameM isake atirikta bhI aneka dharma samAna haiN| usameM avivakSita guNa dharmoM ke astitva kI rakSA syAt zabda karatA 1. jaina darzana syAdAda aMka pR. 182 2. jaina darzana pR.363

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anekAMta aura syAdavAda / 269 hai| 'rUpavAna ghaTaH' meM 'syAt' zabda rUpavAna ke sAtha nahIM juTatA, kyoMki rUpa ke astitva kI sUcanA to 'rUpavAna' zabda svayaM hI de rahA hai| kiMtu anya avivakSita zeSa dharmoM ke sAtha usakA anvaya hai| vaha rUpavAna ko pUre ghar3e para adhikAra jamAne se rokatA hai| aura sApha kaha detA hai ki ghar3A bahuta bar3A hai, usameM anaMta dharma haiM rUpa bhI usameM eka hai yadyapi rUpa kI vivakSA hone se abhI rUpa hamArI dRSTi meM mukhya hai aura vahI zabda ke dvArA vAcya bana rahA hai| para rasa kI vivakSA hone para vaha gauNa rAzi meM zAmila ho jAegA aura rasa pradhAna ho jaaegaa| isa taraha samasta zabda gauNa mukhya bhAva se anekAMta artha ke pratipAdaka haiN| isI satya kA udghATana 'syAt' zabda sadA karatA rahatA hai / maiMne pahale hI batAyA hai ki syAt zabda eka sajaga praharI hai jo uccarita dharma ko idhara-udhara nahIM jAne detaa| vaha avivakSita dharmoM ke adhikAra kA saMrakSaka hai| isalie jo 'syAt' kA 'rUpavAna' ke sAtha anvaya karake usakA artha zAyada, saMbhAvanA aura kadAcita karate haiM ve pragAr3ha prama meM haiN| isI taraha 'syAdastighaTaH' isa vAkya meM 'asti' yaha astitva aMza ghaTa meM sunizcita rUpa se vidyamAna hai| 'syAt' zabda usa astitva kI sthiti kamajora nahIM banAtA, kiMtu usakI vAstavika AMzika sthiti kI sUcanA dekara anya 'nAsti' Adi dharmoM ke gauNa sadbhAva kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| use Dara hai ki kahIM asti nAma kA dharma jise zabda se uccarita hone ke kAraNa pramukhatA milI hai vaha pUrI vastu ko hI na har3apa jAe aura apane nAsti Adi anya sahayogiyoM ke sthAna ko samApta na kara de| isalie vaha prati vAkya meM cetAvanI detA rahatA hai, "he bhAI ! asti, tuma vastu ke eka aMza ho, tuma apane nAsti Adi bhAiyoM ke haka ko har3apane kI kuceSTA mata krnaa|" isa bhaya kA kAraNa hai ki prAcInakAla meM 'nitya hI hai' anitya hI hai Adi har3apu prakRti ke aMza vAkyoM ne vastu para pUrNAdhikAra jamAkara anadhikAra ceSTA kI hai aura jagat meM aneka prakAra ke vitaMDA aura saMgharSa utpanna kie haiN| isake phalasvarUpa padArtha ke sAtha to anyAya huA hI hai, para isa vAda-prativAda ne aneka kumatavAda kI sRSTi karake ahaMkAra, hiMsA, saMgharSa, anudAratA, asahiSNutA Adi se vizva ko azAMta aura saMgharSapUrNa hiMsA jvAlA meM paTaka diyA hai| 'syAt' zabda vAkya ke usa jahara ko nikala detA hai jisase ahaMkAra kA sajana hotA hai|" nitya vyavahAra kI vastu yaha syAdvAda hamArI nitya vyavahAra kI vastu hai| isakI upAdeyatA ko svIkAra kie binA hamArA loka vyavAhara eka kSaNa ko bhI nahIM cala sakatA / loka vyavahAra meM hama dekhate haiM ki eka hI vyakti apanI pitA kI dRSTi se putra kahalAtA hai,vahI apane putra kI dRSTi se pitA bhI mAnA jAtA hai| isI prakAra apane cAcA kI apekSA se bhatIjA to bhatIje kI apekSA se cAcA, to mAmA kI apekSA se bhAMjA aura bhAMje kI apekSA se mAmA kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra dekhane se pratIta hotA hai ki putra-pitA, cAcA-bhatIjA, mAmA-bhAMjA Adi saba rizte paraspara virodhI haiM kiMtu unakA eka hI vyakti se bhinna-bhinna dRSTiyoM kI apekSA se suMdara samanvaya

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270 / jaina dharma aura darzana pAyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra padArtha ke viSaya meM bhI sApekSatA kI dRSTi se avirodhI tattva prApta hote haiN| virodhI dharmoM ke samanvaya ke abhAva meM arthAt ekAMta ke sadbhAva meM sadA saMgharSa aura vivAda hote rahate haiM, vivAda kA aMta to tabhI saMbhava hai jaba syAdvAda se tattvoM kI paraspara sApekSa kathana karake apane-apane dRSTikoNoM ke sAtha-sAtha anyoM ke dRSTikoNoM kA bhI samanvaya ho / 1 isa prakAra syAdvAda vastu tattva ke nirUpaNa kI tarkasaMgata aura vaijJAnika praNAlI hai yaha na anizcayavAda hai aura na saMdehavAda / yaha spaSTa hai ki syAdvAda kisI nizcita apekSA se eka nizcita dharma kA pratipAdana karatA hai usameM saMdeha ke lie raMcamAtra bhI avakAza nahIM / anekAMtavAda aura sahiSNutA sahiSNutA udAratA sAmAjika saMskRti anekAntavAda syAdvAda aura ahiMsA ko eka hI satya ke alaga-alaga nAma hai| asala meM yaha bhArata kI sabase bar3I vilakSaNatA kA nAma hai| jisake adhIna yaha deza eka huA hai aura jise apanAkara sArA saMsAra eka ho sakatA hai| anekAntavAdI vaha hai jo dUsare ke matoM ko bhI Adara se dekhanA aura samajhanA cAhatA hai / anekAntavAdI vaha hai| jo apane para bhI saMdeha karane kI niSpakSatA rakhatA hai| anekAntavAdI vaha hai jo samajhautoM ko apamAna kI vastu nahIM maantaa| azoka aura harSavardhana anekAntavAdI the jinhoMne eka dharma se dIkSita hote hue bhI sabhI dharmoM kI sevA kii| akabara anekAntavAdI thA, kyoMki satya ke sAre aMza use kisI eka dharma meM dikhAI nahIM die evaM sampUrNa satya kI khoja meM vaha AjIvana sabhI dharmoM ko TaTolatA rahA / paramahaMsa rAmakRSNa anekAntavAdI the kyoMki hindU hote hue bhI unhoMne islAma aura IsAiyata kI sAdhanA kI thI / aura gAMdhIjI kA to sArA jIvana hI anekAntavAda kA unmukta adhyAya thA / vAstava meM bhArata kI sAmAjika saMskRti kA sArA dAromadAra ahiMsA para hai, syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda kI komala bhAvanA para hai| yadi ahiMsA nIce dabI asahiSNutA evaM durAgraha kA visphoTa huA, to ve sAre tAne-bAne TUTa jAeMge jinheM isa deza meM AnevAlI bIsiyoM jAtiyoM ne hajAroM varSa taka milakara bunA hai 1 rAmadhArIsiMha 'dinakara' (eI mahAmAnavera sAgara tIre se)

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saptabhaMgI saptabhaMgI kA artha anekAMtavAda athavA syAvAda kA vistRta rUpa saptabhaMgI meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| anekAMta siddhAMta ke AdhAra para yaha spaSTa ho cukA hai ki pratyeka padArtha paraspara virodhI aneka dharma yugaloM fita hai| tamna meM eka mAtha raha to sakate haiM paraMtu unheM yugapata vyakta nahIM kiyA jA saka hai| isake yugapat pratipAdana ke lie bhASA meM kramikatA aura sApekSatA caahie| syAdvAda paddhati dvArA pratyeka dharma kA varNana usake pratipakSI dharma kI apekSA se asti (vidhi) nAsti (niSedha) aura avaktavya Adi rUpa se sAta prakAra se kiyA jAtA hai,kyoMki pratyeka dharma yugala dharma saptaka liye hue haiN| ve sAta dharma sAta vAkyoM dvArA kahe jAte haiN| pratyeka dharmoM kI sapta prakArIya isa varNaNa zailI ko saptabhaMgI kahate haiM / saptabhaMgI arthAt sAta prakAra ke bhaMga,sAta prakAra ke vAkya vinyAsa / saptabhaMgI kA lakSaNa batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki praznavazAdekasmin vastuni avirodhena vidhi pratiSedha kalpanA sptbhNgii| arthAt praznAnusAra vastugata kisI bhI eka dharma meM vidhi aura niSedha kI kalpanA karanA saptabhaMgI hai| jaba vastugata kisI dharma kA vidhi niSedhapUrvaka aviruddha kathana karanA hotA hai taba jaina dArzanika saptabhaMgI nyAya kA anusaraNa karate haiN| saptabhaMgiyAM nimna haiM - syAd asti eva-kisI apekSA se hai hii| syAd nAsti eva-kisI apekSA se nahIM hI hai| syAd asti eva syAd nAsti eka kisI apekSA se hai hI,kisI apekSA se nahIM hI hai| syAd avaktavyameka-kisI apekSA se avaktavya hI hai| syAd asti eva avaktavya eka-kisI apekSA se hai hI aura kisI apekSA se avakttavya hI hai| syAda nAsti eva syAd aktavya eva-kisI apekSA se hai hI aura kisI apekSA se avaktavya hI hai| syAd asti eva syAd nAsti eva, syAd avaktavya eva-kisI apekSA se hai hI, 1. saptabhiH prakAraH vacana vinyAsaH saptapaNDIti gIyate / syA. vA. ma. kA 23 TI 2. ta vA 1.6.51 3. siya atvi, patthi uhayaM avatavvaM puNo ya tattidayaM / davvaM khu satta bhaMgI AdesavaseNa saMbhavadi // pa kA gA. 14

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272 / jaina dharma aura darzana kisI apekSA se nahIM hI hai aura kisI apekSA se avaktavya hI hai| bhaMga sAta hI kyoM? ukta sAta bhaMgoM meM prathama, dvitIya aura caturtha bhaMga hI mUla bhaMga haiN| zeSa cAra bhaMgoM meM tIsarA, pAMcavAM aura chaThA bhaMga dvisaMyogI hai tathA sAtavAM bhaMga trisaMyogI hai| gaNita ke niyamAnusAra bhI 'asti', 'nAsti' aura avaktavya ina tIna bhaMgoM se cAra saMyukta bhaMga banakara saptabhaMgI dRSTi kA udaya hotA hai| namaka, mirca aura khaTAI ina tInoM svAdoM ke saMyoga se cAra aura svAda utpanna hoNge| namaka, mirca, khaTAI, namaka-mirca, namakakhaTAI, mirca khaTAI tathA namaka-mirca aura khaTAI / isa prakAra sAta svAda hoNge| isalie kahA gayA hai ki pratyeka dharma yugala meM sapta hI bhaMga banate haiM, hInAdhika nhiiN| ye sAtoM bhaMga vaktA ke abhiprAyAnusAra banate haiM / vaktA kI vivakSA ke anusAra eka vastu hai bhI kahI jA sakatI hai aura nahIM bhii| donoM ke yoga se 'hAM nA' eka mizrita vacana bhaMga bhI ho sakatA hai / aura isI kAraNa use avaktavya bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / vaha yaha bhI kaha sakatA hai ki prastuta vastu hai bhI aura phira bhI avaktavya hai, nahIM hai phira bhI avaktavya hai athavA hai bhI nahIM bhI hai phira bhI avaktavya hai| inhIM sAta dRSTiyoM ke AdhAra para saptabhaMgiyAM banI haiN| saptabhaMgiyoM kI sArthakatA ko hama isa udAharaNa se samajha sakate haiN| kisI ne pUchA, "Apa jJAnI haiM ?" isake uttara meM isa bhAva se ki maiM kucha na kucha to jAnatA hI huuN| maiM kaha sakatA hUM ki "maiM syAd jJAnI huuN|" cUMki mujhe Agama kA jJAna hai, kiMtu gaNita, vijJAnAdi anya aneka viSayoM kA paryApta jJAna nahIM hai usa apekSA se maiM kahUM ki "maiM syAda ajJAnI hUM" to bhI anucita nahIM hogaa| kitanI hI bAtoM kA jJAna hai aura kitanI hI bAtoM kA jJAna nahIM hai| ataH maiM yadi kahUM ki "maiM syAd jJAnI bhI hUM aura nahIM bhI" to bhI asaMgata nahIM hogaa| agara isa duvidhA ke kAraNa maiM itanA hI kahUM ki "maiM kaha nahIM sakatA ki maiM jJAnI hUM yA nahIM" to bhI merA vacana asatya nahIM hogaa| inhIM AdhAroM para satyatA ke sAtha yaha bhI kaha sakatA hUM ki "mujhe kucha jJAna hai to, phira bhI kaha nahIM sakatA ki Apa jisa viSaya ko mujhase jAnanA cAhate haiM usa viSaya para prakAza DAla sakatA hUM yA nhiiN|" isI bAta ko dUsarI taraha se kaha sakatA hUM ki "maiM jJAnI to nahIM hUM phira bhI saMbhava hai ApakI bAta para kucha prakAza DAla sakU" athavA isa prakAra bhI kaha sakatA hUM ki "meM kucha jJAnI bhI hUM kucha nahIM bhI huuN|" ataH kaha nahIM sakatA ki prakRta viSaya kA mujhe jJAna hai yA nhiiN| ye samasta vacana praNAliyAM apanI-apanI sArthakatA rakhatI haiM tathA pRthak-pRthak rUpa meM vastu-sthiti ke eka aMza ko hI prakaTa karatI haiM, usake pUrNa svarUpa ko nahIM / syAdvAda kA eka zAstrIya udAharaNa hai ghaTa,jisakA svarUpa niyamana jaina dArzanika saptabhaMgI ke mAdhyama se isa prakAra karate haiM syAd asti eva ghaTaH kathaMcid ghaTa hai hii| syAd nAsti eva ghaTaH kathaMcid ghaTa nahIM hI hai| syAd asti nAsti eva ghaTaH kathaMcid ghaTa hai hI,kathaMcid ghaTa nahIM hI hai|

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anekAMta aura syAdavAda / 273 syAdvaktavya eva ghaTa:-kathaMcid ghaTa avaktavya hI hai| syAd asti avaktavya eva ghaTaH kathaMcid ghaTa hai hI aura kathaMcid ghaTa avaktavya hI hai| syAnAsti aktavya eva ghaTaH kathaMcid ghaTa nahIM hI hai aura kathaMcid ghaTa avaktavya hI hai| syAdasti nAsti avaktavya eva ghaTa:-kathaMcid ghaTa hai hI, kathaMcid ghaTa nahIM hI hai aura kathaMcida ghaTa avaktavya hI hai| syAdasti eva ghaTa:-kathaMcid ghaTa hai hii| isa vAkya meM 'ghaTa' vizeSya aura asti vizeSaNa hai / evakAra vizeSaNa se yukta hokara ghaTa ke astitva dharma kA avadhAraNa karatA hai| yadi isa vAkya meM syAt' kA prayoga nahIM hotA to astitva ekAMtavAda' kA prasaMga A jAtA, jo iSTa nahIM hai, kyoMki ghaTa meM kevala astitva dharma hI nahIM hai, isake atirikta anya dharma bhI usameM haiN| 'syAt' zabda kA prayoga isa Apatti ko nirasta kara detA hai| 'evakAra ke dvArA sImita artha ko vaha vyApaka banA detA hai| vivakSita dharma kA asaMdigdha pratipAdana aura avivakSita aneka dharmoM kA saMgrahaNa ina donoM kI niSpatti ke lie 'syAtakAra aura 'evakAra' kA samanvita prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| saptabhaMgI ke prathama bhaMga meM vidhi kI aura dUsare meM niSedha kI kalpanA hai| prathama bhaMga meM vidhi pradhAna hai aura dUsare meM niSedha / vastu svarUpa zUnya nahIM hai isalie vidhi kI pradhAnatA se usakA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai aura vaha sarvAtmaka nahIM hai| ataH niSedha kI pradhAnatA se usakA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai| jaise vidhi vastu kA dharma hai vaise hI niSedha bhI vastu kA dharma hai| sva-dravya kI apekSA se ghaTa kA astitva hai| yaha vidhi hai para dravya kI apekSA se ghaTa kA nAstitva hai| yaha niSedha hai| isakA artha yaha huA ki niSedha ApekSika paryAya hai, dUsare ke nimatta se hone vAlA paryAya hai| kiMtu vastutaH aisA nahIM hai| niSedha kI zakti dravya meM nihita hai / dravya meM yadi astitva dharma ho aura nAstitva dharma na ho to vaha apane dravyatva ko banAe nahIM rakha sktaa| niSedha 'para' kI apekSA se vyavahvata hotA hai isalie use ApekSika yA paranimittaka paryAya kahate haiN| vaha vastu ke surakSA kavaca kA kAma karatA hai.eka ke astitva meM dUsare ko mizrita nahIM hone detA / 'sva dravya kI apekSA se ghaTa hai' aura 'para dravya kI apekSA se ghaTa nahIM hai' ye donoM vikalpa isa satyatA ko prakaTa karate haiM ki ghaTa sApekSa hai / vaha sApekSa hai isalie yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki jisa kSaNa meM usakA astitva hai, usa kSaNa meM usakA nAstitva nahIM hai / astitva aura nAstitva vidhi aura niSedha) donoM yugapata haiM,kiMtu eka kSaNa meM eka sAtha donoM kA pratipAdana kara sakeM,aisA koI zabda nahIM hai / isalie yugapat donoM dharmoM kA bodha karAne ke lie avaktavya bhaMga kA prayoga hotA hai| isakA tAtparya hai ki donoM dharma eka sAtha haiM, kiMtu unakA kathana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ukta vivecana kA sAra yaha hai ki syAdvAda ke asti,nAsti aura avaktavya Adi bhaMga ghaTa vastu ke dravya kSetra kAla tathA bhAva para nirbhara karate hai| ghaTa jisa dravya se nirmita hai jisa kSetra kAla aura bhAva meM haiM usa dravya kSetra.kAla aura bhAva kI dRSTi se usakA astitva hai| kiMtu anya dravya,anya kSetra, anya kAla aura anya bhAva kI apekSA meM usakA nAstitva hai| isa prakAra ghaTa meM

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274 / jaina dharma aura darzana astitva-nAstitva donoM haiM aura ina yugala dharmoM ko eka sAtha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ataH vaha (ghaTa) avaktavya bhI hai / asti, nAsti tathA avaktavya-ye tInoM mUla bhaMga haiN| zeSa cAra inhIM bhaMgoM se niSpanna hote haiM / ataH unakA vivecana anAvazyaka hai / saptabhaMgI se ghaTAdi vastu samagra bhAvAbhAvAtmaka,sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka,nityAnityAtmaka aura vAcyAvAcyAtmaka dharmoM kA yugapat kathana saMbhava hai| anekAMta syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI meM saMbaMdha yahAM para jijJAsA utpanna ho sakatI hai ki anekAMta,syAdAda aura saptabhaMgI ina tInoM meM kyA aMtara hai| isakA uttara saMkSepa meM yaha hai ki anekAMta vastu hai/vAcya hai, syAdvAda usakA vyavasthApaka hai/vAcaka hai aura saptabhaMgI syAdvAda kA sAdhana hai| syAdvAda jaba anekAMta rUpa vastu kA kathana karatA hai to saptabhaMgI ke mAdhyama se hI karatA hai| isakA Azraya liye binA vaha usakA nirUpaNa nahIM kara sktaa| ise aura spaSTatayA samajheM kI syAdvAda syAdvAdI vaktA kA vacana hai| anekAMta usake dvArA pratipAdya artha hai, aura saptabhaMgI usake pratipAdana kI zailI, paddhati yA prakriyA hai| ataH saptabhaMgI meM sAta bhaMgoM kA samanvaya hai isalie use saptabhaMgI kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra yaha syAdvAda kA saMkSipta rUpa hai| yadyapi yaha viSaya atyaMta vyApaka hai aura vistRta vivecana kI apekSA rakhatA hai, phira bhI yahAM usakA saMkSipta svarUpa darzAnA hI iSTa hai| isake vistRta vivecana ke lie jaina nyAya graMthoM kA avalokana karanA caahie| * * guru garimA guru vacana ApattiyoM meM bhI patha pradarzita karate haiN| guru ke dvArA diye gaye nirdeza dIpaka kI taraha hamAre paMtha ko Alokita karate haiN| jise guruoM dvArA rAha mila jAtI hai phira usake lie kisI taraha kI paravAha nahIM hotI hai| yaha bAta ThIka hai ki AMkheM hamArI haiM, dRSTi hamArI hai lekina usakA upayoga kaise karanA hai ? yaha hameM guru hI sikhalAte haiM, yahI to guru kI mahimA hai| -AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke pravacanoM se

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72 78 238 217 98 pariziSTa-1 pAribhASika zabda sUcI alokAkAza indriya amUrta 78 IryApatha 106 avagraha 192 RSabhadeva 27 avatAravAda 171 ekatva vitarka avicAra164 apAyavicaya 163 ailaka avadhi jJAna 72, 192 audArika zarIra 81 avadhi darzana __72 audyogika hiMsA avasarpiNI utkarSaNa 138 avAya 192 utpAda avipAka nirjarA 158 utsarpiNI avirata samyaka dRSTi 203 udaya 138 ahiMsA mahAvata 242 udIraNA 130 ayoga kevalI 206 udiSTa tyAga 239 arthAcAra Unodara tapa 160 arghaphAlaka upagUhana 188 ariSTanemi 32,38 upayoga 70 azubhatejasa 82 upazam 139 asaMjJI upazAMta moha 205 AkAzadravya ___ 9 upazama zreNI 203 AkiMcanya Urdhva gati 76 AjJAvicaya 163 karma 115 Arjava 150 karmabhUmi ArtadhyAna 161 kalpavRkSa AryikA 250 kaSAya 108 Arambhavirati 238 kAyakleza 161 ArambhI hiMsA 217 kAmatIvrAbhiniveza 225 Astrava 20,54, 105 kArmaNa zarIra AhAraka zarIra kAla dravya itvarikA gamana 225 kulakara IhA 192 kUTalekhakriyA 191 acakSu darzana acaurya vrata 228 acaurya mahAvrata 243 ajIva 20, 54 aNuvrata ___19 aticAra 226 atithi saMvibhAga 241 ati vAhana 226 ati vismaya 226 ati lobha 226 ati saMgraha 226 adharma dravya 19,95 antarAtmA 198 anyatva anuprekSA 152 anya vivAhakaraNa 222 anazana tapa 160 anartha daNDa tyAgavata 234 anivRtti karaNa 206 anuprekSA 151 anubhAga baMdha 111 anumati virati 239 anekAMta 20, 259 anaMta 172 anaMga krIDA 225 apakarSaNa apadhyAna 234 aparigraha mahAvrata 244 apramatta virata 204 apUrva karaNa 20 amUr3ha dRSTi 188 42 79 138 82 223

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276 / jaina dharma aura darzana kevala darzana kevala jJAna kezaloMca kSaNaka zreNI kSamA kSINa moha kSullaka guNa gupti guru gurumUr3hatA guNavrata guNasthAna jJAna upayoga cakravartI cakSudarzana cAritra cetanA caityavAsa cauraprayoga caurArthAdAna chaha Avazyaka chedana chedopasthApanA jarAyuja jina jIva jaina tatva tapa tAraNapaMtha teraha paMtha 72 193 247 204 180 205 239 60,63 149 185 187 231 199 79 26 72 155 67 48 226 226 247 224 155 83 15 19,54,67 16 54 150,158 47 47 taijasa zarIra tyAga trasa darzana darzanopayoga darzanapratimA digambara digvata duzruti deva deva mUr3hatA dveSa dezavrata dravya dravyAstrAva dravya nirjarA dravya hiMsA dravir3a dharma dharma dravya dharmadhyAna dhAraNA dhauvya dhyAna navadhAbhakti nArAyaNa nirgratha nirjarA nitya nighatti 81 150 78 15 71, 72 235 42 231 234 183 187 119 231 59, 60 106 157 216 34 15, 150 19, 98 163 192 20, 59 163 236 20 244 20, 54, 157 60 140 97 180 nizcayakAla nizcaya mokSamArga nirvi cikitsA nikAMkSita niHzaMkita nikAcita naiSTika zrAvaka nyAsApahAra paramANu paramAtmA paramukhodaya parihAra vizuddhi parigrahaparimANa vrata parigraha virati parivAda pariSaha jaya paryApti paryAya pAMca samiti pApopadeza proSachopavAsa pratyAkhyAna paMcAstikAya paMcendrirodha prati nArAyaNa prakRti baMdha pratikramaNa pratigraha predaza prabhAvanA pramattavirata pramAdacaryA prAyazcitta pAkSika zrAvaka 188 188 188 140 230 225 87 201 138 155 225 238 225 153 83 63 247 234 235 248 100 245 27 111 247 237 88 189 204 238 161 223

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pariziSTa-1/277 164 mukta mokSa 148 baMdha baMdhana rAga 47 82 pAzvanAtha 39 pIDana 224 pudagala 19,87 proSadhopavAsa 237 pratirupaka vyavahAra 226 pRthaka-tvavirtaka vicAra 163 54, 109, 137 224 balabhadra 27 birodhI hiMsA 217 bIsapaMtha brahmacaryANu vrata 225 brahmacarya 151 brahmacarya pratimA 238 brahmacarya mahAvrata 244 bodhidurlabha 153 bhaTTAraka 46 bhAva saMvara 148 bhAvAstava 106 bhAva nirjarA 157 bheda ___90 bheda vijJAna 19 bhoktA bhogopabhogaparimANavata 235 mana 79 manaH paryayajJAna 72, 193 mati jJAna matyAjJAna 39 mahAvIra mahAvrata 150 mArdava 107 mithyAtva 107 mithyAdASTa 201 vyavahAra kalpa 98 78 vyuprtkriyaanivti| 20, 54, 169 vyutsarga 162 mokSa mArga 179 vrata yathAkAlanirjarA 158 vrata pratimA 23 yathAkhyAta cAritra 156 zabda yoga 105, 108 zabdAcAra 191 ratnatraya 179 zalAkA puruSa 26 rasaparityAga tapa 160 zAstra 183 119 zikSAvata 234 rAtri bhukti tyAga pratimA 238 zubha tejasa rahobhyAkhyAna 225 zukla dhyAna 163 rukSa 90 zauca 150 raudra dhyAna zrAvaka 223 loka zrutajJAna 71, 192 lokAkAza zvetAmbara lokamUr3hatA 187 sacittavirati vahirAtmA 200 sat 59 vAtarasanA satya 150 vAtsalya 189 satyANuvrata 225 vigrahagati 82 satya mahAvrata viTatva 225 sattA vinaya satpabhaMgI 273 vipAkavicaya 163 samaya 98 vibhaMgajJAna samiti 148 viviktazayyAsana 160 samyaka jJAna 191 vilopa 226 samyaka cAritra 193 vaikriyaka zarIra 81 samyaka darzana 179, 181 vaiyAvRtya 162 samyaka mithyAdRSTi vaMdanA 247 sayoga kevalI 207 vRttiparisaMkhyAna 160 sallekhanA 253 vyaya 20, 54 sAdhu 241 42 238 29 243 137 161 72 72 202

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278 / jaina dharma aura darzana sAmAyika cAritra 155 sAmAyika pratimA 135 sAmAyika vrata 237 sAmparAyika Asrava 106 sAsAdana sAdhaka zrAvaka 282 sUkSma kriyApratipAti 160 sUkSma sAMparAya 207 sUkSma sAMparAya cAritra 156 saMkramaNa 139 saMkalpI hiMsA 217 saMjJI saMmUrchana sayaMma saMyatAsaMyata saMvara saMsthAna vicaya saMsArI skaMdha stuti sthAnaka vAsI sthAvara 79 sthitIkaraNa 84 sthitibhojana 150 sthiti baMdha 204 snigdha 147 syAta syAdvAda 76, 78 svamukhodaya 88 svAdhyAya 247 hInAdhikavinimAna 48 hiMsAdAna 78 189 248 111 92 270 269 138 162 226 234 163

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pArAzaSTa-2 saMdarbha graMtha sUcI mAMka saMketAkSara graMtha kA nAma graMthakAra prakAzaka prakAzana kAla 1. amita zrA. aSTa pAhuDa amita gati zrAvakAcAra aSTa pAhur3a AcArya amitagati AcArya kuMdakuMda vi.saM. 2015 digambara jaina pustakAlaya, sUrata anekAMta jaina vidvat pariSada, sonAgiri nirNaya sAgara presa, mumbaI AcArya vidyAnanda la 1915 aSTasahasrI aSTAdhyAyI AcAra sAra 1992 - aSTa sa. aSTAdhyAyI A.sA. AdipurANa A.mI. A.mI.va. A.pa. Ava.ni. Ava.. uttarA.sa. A. vIranaMdi si. cakravartI AcArya jinasena AcArya samantabhadra A. vasunaMdi siddhAMta cakravartI A. devasena digambara jaina samAja, azokanagara bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI bhA.jai.si. prakAzinI saMsthA, kAzI bhA.je.si. prakAzinI saMsthA, kAzI anekAMta vidvat pariSada, sonAgiri de.lA. jai. pustaka phaMDa, sUrata 1914 1914 Apta mImAMsA Apta mImAMsA padavRtti AlApa paddhati Avazyaka niyukti Avazyaka vRtti uttarAdhyayana sUtra upasakAdhyayana 6 A. vi.1976 1976 haribhadra sUri puSpacaMda khemacaMda valAda bhAratIya jJAnapITha upA. somadeva sUri 1964

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Rgveda kaThopaniSada karma graMtha kalpasUtra karma pra. / / / / devendra sUri gItA presa, gorakhapura jai.pU.pracAraka maMDala,AgarA prAcIna pustakoddhAraka phaMDa,sUrata bhAratIya jJAnapITha 1939 1939 1944 A. bhadrabAhu AcArya nemicaMdra karma prakRti ka.pA. 2000 kaSAya pAhur3a kArtikeyAnuprekSA AcArya guNadhara svAmI kumAra di. jaina saMgha, mathurA paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, AgAsa gItA presa, gorakhapura bhAratIya jJAnapITha AcArya nemicaMdra 1980 1978 gommaTasAra karmakAMDa gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa cAritra pAhur3a cAritra sAra A. kuMdakuMda cAmuMDarAya paM.daulatarAma nirNaya sAgara presa, mumbaI di.jaina graMthamAlA, mumbaI kA.anu. gItA go.ka.kA. go.jI. kA. cA.pA. cA.sA. chahaDhAlA chAMdogya upaniSad jayadhavalA je.da.sA. jaina lakSaNAvalI jai.si.ko. ta. a. tattvabodha 1974 jaina darzana sAra AcArya vIrasena paM.cainasukhadAsa paM. bAlacaMda siddhAMta zAstrI jinendra varNI AcArya rAmasena gItA presa, gorakhapura di. jaina saMgha, mathurA caurAsI vIra pustaka bhaMDAra, jayapura vIra sevA maMdira dariyAgaMja, dillI bhAratIya jJAnapITha bhA. anekAMta vidvata pariSada, sonAgiri sTIma presa, mumbaI 1974 1973 1985 jainendra siddhAMta koSa tattvAnuzAsana 33. zaMkara saMvat 1988

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ta.bhA.. tattvArtha bhASya vRtti haribhadra sUri 1992 ta.vA. ta.. ta.va. mA. bhaTTAkalaMka deva zrutasAgara sUri anu.A.jinamati RSabhadeva kezarImala zvetAmbara saMsthA,ratalAma dulIcaMda vAkalIvAla deragAMva, asama bhAratIya jJAnapITha pAMcUlAla jaina, kizanagar3ha AAAAAAA tattvArthavArtika tattvArtha vRtti tattvArtha vRtti (bhAskaranaMdi) tattvArtha sAra tattvArtha sUtra tattvArtha sUtra tarka saMgraha AcArya amRtacaMda AcArya umAsvAmI paM. phUlacaMdra siddhAMta zAstrI annama bhaTTa varNI digambara jaina graMthAlaya, vArANasI 1970 paM. mohanalAla zAstrI jabalapura ___ varNI di. jaina graMthamAlA, vArANasI haridAsa saMskRta graMthamAlA, saptama saMskRta sIrIja Aphisa, vArANasI saMskaraNa sAhitya bhaMDAra, meraTha 1976 bhAratavarSIya di. jaina mahAsabhA, lakhanaU tarka bhA. tarka bhASA tiloyapaNNatti kezava mizrA A. yativRSabha ti.pa. dvAtriMzatikA nemicaMdra siddhAMti deva AcArya amitagati AcArya vIrasena dravya saMgraha dvAtriMzatikA dhavalA dharma saMghaTa zrAvakAcAra niyamasAra nyAya kumudacaMdra jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura anekAMta vidvata pariSad, sonAgiri dharma saM. zrAva. ni.sA. AcArya kuMdakuMda prabhAcaMdrAcArya nyA.ku.ca. mANikacaMdra digambara jaina graMthamAlA, hIrAbAga, mumbaI saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI nyAya sU. nyAya sUtra gautamaRSi 1964

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52 paMca saMgraha prAkRta ajJAta bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI AcArya kuMdakuMda paM.rAjamala anekAMta vidvata pariSad, sonAgiri mahAvIra Azrama,kAraMjA muktAbAI jJAnamaMdira, DabhoI jIvarAja graMthamAlA paMcasaMgraha svopajJa vRtti padanaMdi paMcaviMzatikA 1978 1938 1932 A. padmanaMdi paM.saM.prA. paMcama karma graMtha paMcAstikAya paMcAdhyAyI paM.saM. svo. padmanaMdi paMcaviMzatikA padmapurANa (janetara) pAtaJjala mahAbhASya pu.si.u. pratikramaNa sUtra pra.mI. pravacanasoroddhAra puruSArtha siddhi upAya AcArya amRtacaMdra pramANa mImAMsA 1939 AcArya hemacaMdra nemicaMdra sUri sIdhI graMthamAlA, kalakattA jIvanacaMda khebaracaMda jveharI,mumbaI nirNaya sAgara presa, mumbaI 1941 prameyakamalamArtaNDa vA.anu. bhaga.A. ma.A.vi.TI. vArasa aNupekkhA bhagavatI ArAdhanA bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayA TIkA bhAva saMgraha prabhAcaMdrAcArya AcArya kuMdakuMda A. zivakoTi aparAjita sUri jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura bhA.saM. vAmadeva sUri mANikacaMda digambara jaina graMthamAlA majjhima nikAya manusmRti mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha raNadhIra buka sela, haridvAra 70.

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mahApurANa A. jinasena bhAratIya jJAnapITha gItA presa, gorakhapura mahA.pu. mahAbhArata mI.zlo. vA. mu.u. mU.cA. mo.mA.pra. ya. cammU yo.sAra yogasAra svo.vR. mImAMsaka zloka vArtika muNDaka upaniSad mUlAcAra mokSamArga prakAzaka yazastilaka campU A. vaTTakera paM. ToDaramala somadeva sUri A. amitagati A. hemacaMdra yogasAra gItA presa, gorakhapura bhAratIya jJAnapITha,dillI musaddIlAla ceriTebala TrasTa, dillI nirNayasAgara presa, mumbaI bhAratIya jJAnapITha AtmAnaMda jaina pustAkAlaya maMDala, AgarA muni saMgha sAhitya prakAzana samiti, sAgara 1968 1968 1922 yogasAra svopajJa vRtti ra.ka.zrA. ratna karaNDaka zrAvakAcAra A. samaMtabhadra 82. rayaNasAra la.sA. lA.saM. vasu.zrA. va.vi.saM. labdhisAra lATI saMhitA vasunaMdi zrAvakAcAra vrata vidhAna saMgraha A. kuMdakuMda A. nemicaMdra siddhAMta cakravartI kavi rAjamala ___ AcArya vasunaMdi paM.bArelAla jaina (rAjavaidya) 1992 mANikacaMda jaina graMthamAlA, mumbaI bhAratIya jJAnapITha vaid bAbUlAla rAjendra kumAra jaina, TIkamagar3ha jai. saM. saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura jai.saM. saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura bhAratIya jJAnapITha 1964 vi.ta.pra. Sa.khaM. pa.samu. saM.pra. vizva tattva prakAza SaTakhaMDAgama SaDdarzana samuccaya saMbodha prakaraNa bhAvasena vaividhya A. puSpadaMta bhUtabalI A. haribhadra sUri A. haribhadra sari 1981 88. 89.

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sa.sA. sa.si. sAM.kA. sA.gha. samayasAra sarvArthasiddhi sAMkhya kArikA sAgAra dharmAmRta siddhi vinizcaya sthAnAMga syAdvAda maMjarI svayaMbhUstotra harivaMza purANa A. kuMdakuMda A. pUjyapAda Izvara kRNNa paM. AzAdhara A. akalaMkadeva jJAnodaya prakAzana, jabalapura bhAratIya jJAnapITha DA. brajamohana caturvedI, dillI mA. di. jai. graMthamAlA, mumbaI bhAratIya jJAnapITha 1987 1989 1976 1972 1959 si. vini. sthA. syA. maM. svayaMbhUstotra paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, AgAsa A. mallisena A. samaMtabhadra A. jinasena bhAratIya jJAnapITha

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krama 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. pustaka azoka ke dharma lekha ur3IsA meM jaina dharma karma siddhAMta jaina itihAsa para lokamata jaina darzana jaina darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna jaina darzana aura saMskRti kA itihAsa dharma dharma jaina dharma darzana jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa jaina sAhitya meM vikAra tIrthaMkara mahAvIra smRti graMtha digambaratva aura digambara muni naya darpaNa prAcIna bhArata paM. caMdrAbAI abhinaMdana graMtha bhaTTAraka saMpradAya bharata aura bhArata hindI kI pustakeM lekhaka janArdana bhaTTa nIlakaMThadAsa jinendra varNI jaina rAjendra kumAra pro. mahendra kumAra jaina muni nAgarAja DA. bhAgacaMda bhAskara paM0 kailAzacanda jaina paM. nAthUrAma DoMgarIya mohanalAla mehatA paM. kailAzacaMda jaina paM. veMcaradAsa dozI bAbU kAmatA prasAda jaina jinendra varNI Ara. sI. majUmadAra saM. DA. nemIcaMdra zAstrI vidyAdhara joharA purakara DA. prema sAgara prakAzaka kAzI akhila vizva jaina mizana, alIgaMja, eTA jinendra varNI graMthamAlA, pAnIpata jaina samAja, ra gaNeza varNI graMthamAlA, vArANasI AtmArAma eMDa saMsa, dillI nAgapura vidyApITha prakAzana bhA. di. jai. saMgha mathurA, caurAsI vIra nirvANa prathamAlA, iMdaura gaNeza varNI jaina graMthamAlA, vArANasI di. jaina yuvaka saMgha, lalitapura jIvA jI rAva vizvavidyAlaya di. jai. sarvodaya tIrtha, amarakaMTaka jinendra varNI graMthamAlA, pAnIpata motIlAla banArasIdAsa prakAzana varSa ArA zolApura kuMdakuMda bhAratI, dillI 1958 1968 1977 1990 1958

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1966 bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, vArANasI bhAratIya jJAnapITha hindI graMtha ralAkara, mumbaI motIlAla banArasIdAsa rAjapAla eMDa saMsa, dillI 1974 1966 bhAratIya itihAsa aura saMskRti bhAratIya itihAsa eka dRSTi bhArata ke prAcIna rAjavaMza bhAratIya darzana bhAratIya darzana bhAratIya darzana bhAratIya darzana bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA bhArata meM saMskRti aura dharma mAnavatA kI dhurI mArkaNDeya purANa eka adhyayana mohanajodar3o jaina paraMparA aura pramANa zAMtipatha pradarzana saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya himAlaya meM bhAratIya saMskRti hindU sabhyatA 1993 DA.vizuddhAnaMda paM.jayazaMkara DA.jyoti prasAda jaina vizvambharanAtha reu pro. harendra prasAda DA. sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNan baladeva upAdhyAya vAcaspati gorelA ema.hiriyannA DA. ema. ela. zarmA nIraja jaina DA.vAsudevazaraNa apravAla A. vidyAnaMda jinendra varNI rAmadhArIsiMha dinakara vizvambhara sahAya premI rAdhAkumuda mukharjI lokabhAratI prakAzana rAjakamala prakAzana, naI dillI manIzA TrasTa,satanA kuMdakuMda bhAratI, dillI jinendra varNI graMthamAlA,pAnIpata lokabhAratI prakAzana rAjakamala prakAzana, dillI

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S.No. 123&vio 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 234 vi 4. Name of Book Cosmology old and new The Heart of Jainism The Jain Stupe Mathura Indian Antiquary Harrappa and Jainism The Nature of the Physical World ahiMsA vANI (RSabhadeva vizeSAMka) apraila-maI 1957 zramaNa RSabha saurabha NANa sAyara (RSabha aMka) jaina siddhAMta bhAskara English Books Writer's Name G.R. Jain Miss. Stevension T.N. Ramchandran patrikAeM sapAdaka, bAbU kAmatA prasAda jaina DA. sAgaramala jaina hRdaya rAja jaina DA. azoka jaina Publisher Year Bhartiya Gyanpith Munshiram Manohar Lal, Delhi Kundkund Bharti Prakashan akhila vizva jaina mizana pArzvanAtha vidyA Azrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI RSabhadeva pratiSThAna, dillI arihaMta iMTaranezanala, dillI jaina siddhAMta bhavana, ArA

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