Gujarati Sahityano Itihas Part 01

Author(s): Umashankar Joshi & Others
Publisher: Gujarati Sahitya Parishad
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032072/1

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gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 (I. 1150-1450). gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada, amadAvAda

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gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 [I. 1150 - 1450). zodhita-vardhita bIjI AvRtti pahelI AvRtti saMpAdako umAzaMkara jozI anaMtarAya rAvaLa yazavaMta zukla sahAyaka saMpAdaka cimanalAla trivedI bIjI AvRtti zodhana-saMpAdana ramaNa sonI parAmarzana cimanalAla trivedI PTa mAra gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada, amadAvAda

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Gujarati Shityano Itihas : / HISTORY OF GUJARATI LITERATURE VOL. I [1150 - 1450]. Revised Edition : Edited by RAMAN SONI Vetted by CHIMANLAL TRIVEDI, 2001 prathama AvRtti, 1973 bIjI zodhita-vardhita AvRtti, 2001 pRSTha 14 + 312 nakala : 5) kiMmata : rU. 100 prakAzaka mAdhava rAmAnuja maMtrI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada AzramamArga, nadI kinAre, amadAvAda 380008 thaipaseTiMga ane mudraNasarjA kalpana mudrAMkana I-2, tArAbAga, poliTekanIka vaDodarA - 390 002 mudraka bhagavatI oNphaseTa, 15-sI,baMsIdhara esTeTa, bAraDolapura, amadAvAda 380 004 gujarAta sAhitya akAdamInI Arthika sahAyathI prakAzita

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prakAzakanuM nivedana gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada taraphathI I.1973thI 1981 daramyAna gujarAtI sAhityanA bRhad itihAsanA cAra graMtho pragaTa karavAmAM AvyA hatA. e pachI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSade gujarAtI sAhitya koza'nA traNa graMthonuM prakAzana paNa karyuM hatuM. ane emAM, khAsa karIne, madhyakALanA sAhitya vize cakAsaNI karIne adhikRta vigato pragaTa karI hatI. gujarAtI sAhityanA itihAsanA cAra graMtho ghaNA lAMbA samayathI aprApya hatA. ethI emAMnI sAmagrInuM zodhana karAvIne e graMthone sulabha karI ApavAno pariSade nirNaya karyo hato. eTale enI prathama AvRttinA sahAyaka saMpAdaka zrI cimanalAla trivedInA parAmarzanamAM, gujarAtI sAhityakoza'nA prathama khaMDanA sahasaMpAdaka ane bIjA khaMDanA eka saMpAdaka zrI ramaNa sonIne A graMthonA zodhana-saMpAdananI javAbadArI soMpavAmAM AvI hatI. e AnaMdanI vAta che ke zrI ramaNabhAInAM sUjha ane cokasAIno tathA zrI cimanabhAInA anubhavano lAbha maLatAM gujarAtI sAhityanA itihAsanA prathama bhAganI A bIjI AvRttinuM yogya zodhana-saMpAdana thaI zakyuM che. A rIte ja bAkInA traNa graMthonI zodhita-saMpAdita bIjI AvRtti kramekrame pragaTa karavAmAM Avaze. cothA graMthanA anusaMdhAnamAM pAMcamA ane chaThThA graMthamAM adhatana samaya sudhIno gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa AvarI levAmAM Avaze. enI kAmagIrI ka.lA.svAdhyAyamaMdira taraphathI jhaDapabhera AgaLa cAlI rahI che. prathama graMthanI A zodhita AvRttinA saMpAdaka zrI ramaNa sonInA ane parAmarzaka zrI cimanalAla trivedInA ame AbhArI chIe. gujarAta sAhitya akAdamIe A bIjI AvRttinA prakAzana mATe Arthika sahAya ApI che. e mATe pariSada akAdamIno paNa AbhAra mAne che. mAdhava rAmAnuja prakAzanamaMtrI

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gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada prakAzita gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa : graMthazreNI graMtha : 1 madhyakALa I. 115thI I. 1450 prathama AvRtti. 1973, bIjI AvRtti 2001 graMthaH 2 madhyakALa I. 1450thI I. 1850 prathama AvRtti. 1976 graMtha : 3 arvAcIna kALa : dalapatarAmathI kalApI prathama AvRtti, 1978 graMtha:4 arvAcInakALaH nhAnAlAlathI meghANI prathama AvRtti, 1981

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bIjI AvRttinuM nivedana gujarAtI sAhitya pariSade I.196 7mAM, gujarAtI sAhityanA bRhada ItihAsanI yojanA hAtha dharI e pachI I.1973 thI 1981 sudhImAM enA cAra graMtho prakAzita thaI gayA hatA, te samayanA krame madhyakALanA AraMbha(Azare I.1150)thI 'jhaveracaMda meghANI' sudhI pahoMcAyuM hatuM. enA prakAzananAM 20-25 varSo pachI A cAre graMtho aprApya banyA che - pahelA be graMtho to varSothI aprApya hatA. eTale pariSada A cAre graMthonI bIjI AvRttio prakAzita karavAnuM vicAryuM ane enA zodhanasaMpAdananI javAbadArI mane tathA parAmarzananI zrI cimanalAla trivedIne soMpavAmAM AvI. kevaLa punarmudraNane badale navI AvRttio karavAnA pariSadanA nirNaya pAchaLanuM mahattvanuM kAraNa e che ke A cAre graMthomAMnI keTalIka (graMtha-2mAMnI to ghaNI) sAmagrInI pheratapAsa jarUrI banI hatI. I.1980thI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada gujarAtI sAhityakoza'nI kAmagIrI AraMbhI hatI ne emAM ghaNAbadhA saMdarbhonI tulanAtmaka cakAsaNIne pariNAme je adhikRta vigato tAravavAmAM AvI hatI enA prakAzamAM sAhityakozapUrve prakAzita thayelI sAhityanA itihAsa, saMzodhana ane vivecananA graMthomAMnI keTalIka sAmagrI tathyonI dRSTie pheravicAra ne saMmArjanane pAtra TharI hatI. kartAonAM nAmonA, eka ja nAmanA ekAdhika kataonA ne emanA kartutvanA; kartAonA samaya-nirdhAraNanA; racanAkAro racayitA) ane lekhanakAro (lahiyA)nAM nAmonI saMdigdhatA ane bheLaseLanA; kRtionA racanAsamayanA - keTalAka prazro upara tarI AvyA hatA. itihAsa-graMthonI A navI AvRttine, e badhA saMdarbhe, adyatana(apaDeTeDa) karavAnuM vicAryuM che. vaLI madhyakAlIna temaja arvAcIna kartAo paranAM vividha lekho/prakaraNone jIvanasaMdarbho ane sAhityakAryanA pramANanA saMdarbhamAM paNa joI levAnuM ne e lekhonuM, jyAM jyAM ne jeTaluM Avazyaka hoya tyAM eTaluM saMpAdana(eDiTiMga) karI levAnuM paNa A navI AvRtti vakhate vicAryuM che. vividha vidvAnonA hAthe samayAnukramI prakaraNorUpe A itihAsagraMtho taiyAra thayA hovAthI, zailInI bhale nahIM paNa lekhanapaddhatinI zakya eTalI ekavAkyatA UbhI thAya to enuM mALakhuM vadhu zAstrIya ne ekarUpa karavAnuM banI zake, e dRSTikoNathI paNa saMmArjano karI levAnuM rAkhyuM che. juduMjude hAthe, samayAnukramI prakaraNorUpe, taiyAra thatA saMkalita-saMpAdita itihAsalekhananA prazno rahevAnA. eTale emAM saMpAdakanI kAmagIrI, ne enuM uttaradAyItva

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paNa, vadhI javAnAM. A itihAsagraMthonI prathama AvRttinuM saMpAdana, temaja sahasaMpAdana, gujarAtInA uttama vidvAno-sArasvatonA hAthamAM soMpAyeluM hovAthI temaja enA sahayogI lekhaka tarIke paNa ApaNA keTalAka tajjJa abhyAsIonI madada maLI hovAthI sAhityanA itihAsane samRddha kare evA tejasvI aMzo A graMthomAM avazya dekhAya che. tema chatAM, bhale darekanI AgavI chatAM bhinnabhinna zailIonA - ne khAsa to lekhanapaddhatinA - judApaNAno sAmano karavAno to A bRhada itihAsane paNa Avyo che. e ghaNe aMze svAbhAvika paNa gaNAya eTale A zodhita-vardhita AvRttimAM paNa parirUpa ne lekhanapaddhatinI pUrI ekavAkyatA sudhI javuM to zakya hatuM nahIM chatAM ahIM yathAzakya, ne jarUrI eTalI, ekavAkyatA sAdhavAnI mathAmaNa karI che. alabata, ema karavAmAM paNa, svAbhAvika rIte ja, ghaNI jahemata levAnI thaI che. pustakamAM lekhanapaddhatinI ekarUpatA mATe A mujabanAM saMmArjana, pheraphAro ahIM karI lIdhAM che : 1.1 la/LanA vikalpavALA zabdomAM sarvatra, gujarAtImAM have rUDha thayelA Lane jALavyo che. u.ta. madhyakALa, kumArapALa, sakaLa vagere; paraMtu kRtinAmomAM mULano la' jALavyo che. jemake "kumArapAlaprabaMdha'. tatsama pratyayovALAM padomAM la' rUDha rahyo che eTale tyAM paNa ene jALavyo che : madhyakAlIna, tatkAlIna vagere. 1.2 dviruktone samAsa gaNIne enAM padone chUTAMchUTAM na lakhatAM ekazabdarUpa lakhyAM che. jemake, TheraThera', 'laIlaIne' vagere 1.3 saMdarbhadarzaka noMdho te-te pAnA nIce nahIM, paNa prakaraNane aMte mukAyelI hovAthI "pAdaTIpa (phuTanoTsa) zabda rAkhyo nathI, ene badale "saMdarbhanoMdha' zabda mUkyo che. e rIte, ejananuM paNa sarvatra "e ja evuM spaSTa artha-nirdezakarUpa mUkyuM che. 2 koI vizeSa saMdarbha jarUrI hoya e sivAyanAM sthAnomAM badhe saMvatane IsavI sanamAM pheravIne varSanirdezo karyA che. alabatta, jyAM kRtinuM racanAvarSa vagere (enI paMktiono AdhAra laIne) tithi-vAra-mAsa-varSa(saMvata) - ema sarva vigato sAthe darzAvyAM hoya, ke evA bIjA nirNAyaka bananArA vigata nirdezo hoya tyAM tithimAsa sameta saMvata tathA IsavI sana baMne jALavyAM che. A sivAya badhe ja, saMvata ne IsavI sana sAthesAthe darzAvyAM hoya emAMthI IsavI sana ja jALavyA che. AMkaDAkIya brAntinI saMbhAvanAne TALanArI vizadatAnA saMdarbhe A pheraphAra upayogI jaNAyo che. graMthamAM badhe ja sadI-nirdezo to IsavI sana pramANe ja thayA che (jemake, I.nI 12mI sadI, vagere) - e jotAM paNa upara mujabanA pheraphAranI

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(=ekavAkyatAnI) upayuktatA samajI zakAze. 3 vigatonI zuddhi (kartAnAma/kRtinAma/tva/samaya AdinI zuddhi), A khaMDamAM, mukhyatve 'gujarAtI sAhityakoza' khaMDaH1(1989)ne sAme rAkhIne karI che. alabatta, kyAreka, jyAM baMne vigato zaMkAspada lAgI tyAM jainagUrjara kavio' vagere bIjA saMdarbhonI madada laIne vigatazuddhi karI lIdhI che. AvI vigatazuddhio/vigatapheranI koI noMdha graMthamAM te-te sthAne (ke ahIM) karI nathI. abhyAsIo A zodhita-vardhita AvRttinI vigatone AjasudhInI yathAzakya pramANita vigato tarIke svIkArI ane mUlavI zakaze. alabatta, AvAM vigatazuddhinAM sthAno khaMDa:1mAM ochAM che; khaMDa:2mAM evAM sthAno vadhAre nIkaLavAnAM. 4 saMdarbhanoMdho dareka lekhake potAnI jarUriyAta ne paddhati anusAra karI che emAM jhAjhA pheraphArane avakAza nathI. mAtra, graMthanAma-saMkSepo dareka zabdanA AdyAkSarathI darzAvelA che tyAM chello zabda pUro karI lIdho che. jemake, 'gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa'no saMkSepa 'gu. rA. sAM. i.' hato ene badale 'gurAsAMitihAsa' karI lIdho che. ethI vAcakone saMkSepa-vAcanamAM sugamatA raheze. saMdarbhanoMdhomAM graMthanAmo iTAlika TAIpamAM karI lIdhAM che. 5 graMthane aMte mUkelI saMdarbhagraMthasUcimAM, biblIogrAphInI hAla pracalita paddhati-anusAra, vigatakramanI ekavAkyatA nirdezatI, pheragoThavaNa karI lIdhI che. 6 A pahelA khaMDamAM, enA vidvAna lekhakonAM lakhANo ghaNAM samRddha ne saMgIna hovA uparAMta saghana rUpamAM mukAyelAM che ethI sAmagrImAM to bhAgye ja thoDAMka sthAnoe kATachAMTa(eDiTiMga) karavAnI jarUra paDI che. kyAMka, khAsa karIne jUnI gujarAtInI kRtiomAMthI uddhRta karelI paMktionA anuvAda/sAra-aMzone spaSTa samajUtI ane vizadatAnI dRSTie, lekhakanI saMmatipUrvaka, saMmArjita karI lIdhA che. sAhityakozanA saMpAdanakAryano anubhava A kAmamAM paNa bahu upayogI nIvaDayo che. khAsa to paddhati aMgenI cokasAI ne zistanA saMdarbhamAM. A graMthonA parAmarzaka AdaraNIya cimanabhAInI, saMpAdana aMge keTalAka nirNayo levAnA thayA tyAM saMmati maLI che. A graMthonI prathama AvRtti vakhate, sahAyaka saMpAdaka tarIke emanI ghaNI sakriya bhUmikA rahelI. ethI, A bIjI AvRttimAM e parAmarzaka hoya e sarvathA ucita hatuM. emanAM sUcano bahu upayogI rahyAM che ane emaNe mane haMmezAM mokaLAza paNa ApI che. piraSade A saMpAdana soMpyuM ethI sAhityanA itihAsane navesarathI ne nikaTathI jovAthI taka maLI. pariSadano e mATe AbhArI chuM. vaDodarA; 15, oNkTobara 2001 2maNa sonI

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prathama AvRttinuM nivedana gujarAtI sAhityanA itihAsalekhananA aneka nAnAmoTA prayatno A pUrve thayA che, paraMtu cAra graMthomAM ane be hajAra jeTalAM pRSThomAM, vividha vidvAnonA sahakArathI, gujarAtI sAhityano bRhad itihAsa AlekhavAno prayAsa A prathama vAra ja thAya che. gujarAtI sAhityanA vikAsanAM be spaSTa sthityaMtaro che ene lakSamAM rAkhIne A itihAsalekhana hAtha dharAyuM che. pahelA sthityaMtarane be graMthomAM vaheMcI nAkhyuM che. : pahelA graMthamAM gujarAtanI bhaugolika ane rAjakIya-sAMskRtika bhUmikA, gujarAtI bhASAno vikAsa ane sAhityika pUrvaparaMparA eTaluM samAvatAM I.1150thI I.1450 sudhInA gujarAtI sAhityanA madhyakALane AvarI levAmAM Avyo che. enA bIjA sthityaMtarane paNa e ja rIte be graMthomAM vaheMcyuM che. trIjA graMthamAM kalApI sudhInA ane cothA graMthamAM jhaveracaMda meghANI sudhInA arvAcIna kALano samAveza karavAmAM Avyo che. A rIte, prAcIna, madhyakAlIna ane arvAcIna gujarAtI sAhityano A bRhad itihAsa emAMnI mAhitI ane mAvajatathI ApaNI vaNapurAyelI jarUriyAtane saMtoSaze evI AzA che. A itihAsalekhana ApaNA bhinnabhinna vidvAna lekhako dvArA thayuM che. eTale, eka kalame lakhAtA saLaMga itihAsalekhana karatAM A prayatna svAbhAvika rIte ja judo paDavAno. alabatta, saMpAdana dvArA emAM zakya eTalI ekavAkyatA sAdhavAno prayAsa karavAmAM Avyo che. vAcakanI sahAyathI manobhAvanI ekavAkyatA jaLavAze evI zraddhA paNa che. tema chatAM, sarvatra e jaLavAya e apekSA saMpUrNapaNe saMtoSI na paNa zakAya. paNa emAM vyakta thayela vividha dRSTikoNo ane abhirucio paNa eka AnuSaMgika lAbha ja che. A kAryane nyAya ApI zake evA lagabhaga badhA uttama vivecakono sahakAra gujarAtI sAhitya pariSade prArthelo che. amane jaNAvatAM AnaMda thAya che ke ApaNA vidvAnoe A kAryamAM amane umaMgabhera sahakAra Apyo che. e sarva vidvAnono pariSada taraphathI hRdayapUrvaka AbhAra mAnIe chIe. sAhityano itihAsa Alekhavo e eka sAhasa che. jIvaMta lekhakonI

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manaHsRSTino pAra pAmavo e ja jo dohyaluM kAma hoya to jeo hayAta nathI emane vize mAhitI tAravavI ane anumAno sAravavAM e to kharekharuM paruM kAma che. pariNAme, sarjanane sAmAjika saMdarbhamAM mUkI ApIne samagra prajAnA jIvanamAM tenA, AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvakathita, 'vADmaya caitanya'nA AvirbhAvano Alekha ApIne kRtArthatA anubhavavI rahe che. sAhityanA itihAse kartA ane kRtinI mUlavaNInuM vivecanakArya paNa karavAnuM rahe che. aneka lekhakono sahakAra meLavIne sAhityano itihAsa taiyAra karavAno hoya tyAre eno vivecanaaMzavizeSapaNe ekadhAro keTalo UpasI Ave e jovAnuM rahe. bAkI jhAjhA hAthe taiyAra thayelo itihAsa tattvataH varNanAtmaka rahevAno. A kAryamAM pariSadane pre2vA mATe sau prathama AbhAra gujarAta rAjyanA e samayanA mukhya maMtrIzrI sva baLavaMtarAya mahetAno mAnavAno rahe che. pariSadanA kAryavAhakono sAmethI saMparka sAdhIne emaNe karavA jevAM kAmonI ane kAma upADI zake evI saMsthAonI TIpa mAgelI ane dharakhama Arthika sahAyanuM vacana paNa ApeluM. e pramANe aneka saMsthAo pAsethI emaNe sUcano paNa mAgelAM, gujarAtI sAhityanA bRhad itihAsanuM A kArya emanA protsAhananuM ja eka phaLa che. sAmAnya vahIvaTa vibhAganA tA. 7-10-1967nA sarakArI TharAva naM. 52ca 10666797-A2-thI gujarAta sarakAre cothI paMcavarSIya yojanA heThaLanI yojanA naM. 503 anusAra vidhisara A kArya pariSadane soMpyuM hatuM. A sthAne ame sva baLavaMtarAya mahetAnI sAhityasaMskAra-prItinuM kRtajJatApUrvaka smaraNa karIe chIe ane gujarAta sarakArano mAtabAra Arthika anudAna mATe AbhAra mAnIe chIe. sa2kA2zrInI A anudAnayojanA mujaba gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanI e samayanI kAryavAhaka samitie enI tA. 14-11-67nI beThakamAM sAhityanA itihAsalekhana aMge mArgadarzana ApavA nIcenA vidvAna sabhyonI niyukti karI hatI : zrI viSNuprasAda trivedI zrI rasikalAla parIkha zrI jyotIndra dave zrI umAzaMkara jozI zrI yazavaMta zukla zrI rAmaprasAda bakSI zrI bhogIlAla sAMDesarA zrI manasukhalAla jhaverI

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zrI DolararAya mAMkaDa zrI kezavarAma zAstrI zrI anaMtarAya rAvaLa zrI harivallabha bhAyANI A samitie prathama zrI umAzaMkara jozI ane zrI yazavaMta zuklanI mukhya saMpAdako tarIke niyukti karI hatI ane pAchaLathI zrI anaMtarAya rAvaLanI sevAo paNa saMpAdanakArya mATe mAgI lIdhI hatI. salAhakAra samitie vakhatovakhata carcAvicAraNA karIne A yojanA heThaLa cAra graMthomAM gujarAtI sAhityano bRhad itihAsa taiyAra karavAnuM nakkI karyuM hatuM. uparAMta, pratyeka graMthanI rUparekhA taiyAra karIne judAjudA vidvAnone A kArya mATe nimaMtraNa ApavAnuM TharAvyuM hatuM. e mujaba ApaNA vidvAna abhyAsIone gujarAtI sAhityanA itihAsanAM judAMjudAM prakaraNo ke enA aMzo taiyAra karI ApavAnI vinaMtI karavAmAM AvI hatI. salAhakArasamitinA mArgadarzana mujaba taiyAra thayelI yojanAno A prathama graMtha Aje pragaTa thAya che. bAkInA graMtho paNa taiyAra thaI rahyA che. bIjo graMtha TUMka samayamAM ja presamAM jaze. trIjA ane cotho graMtha paNa A varSa daramyAna presamAM ApI zakAya e mATe taiyAra cAlI rahI che. gujarAta rAjyanA bhASAniyAmaka zrI hasitabhAI bUce ane nAyaba bhASAniyAmaka zrI IzvaraprasAda joSIpurAe tathA emanI kacerIe amane vakhatovakhata mArgadarzana ane sahakAra ApIne amAruM kAma saraLa banAvyuM che e mATe ame emano hRdayapUrvaka AbhAra mAnIe chIe. sva. jayaMtI dalAle temaja gujarAta rAjyanA e samayanA nANAmaMtrI zrI jazavaMta mahetAe saMskAraprItine vaza thaI A kAryane AgaLa dhapAvavAmAM puSkaLa aMgata rasa lIdho hato e mATe emanA tathA prAraMbhika sahAya mATe AcAryazrI vinoda adhvaryunA ame RNI chIe. caMdrikA prinTarInA saMcAlakoe A graMthanA chApakAma aMge karI ApelI suvidhA mATe emanA paNa ame AbhArI chIe. | gujarAtanI sAhityarasika prajAne A itihAsagraMtho upayogI lAgaze to gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada kRtArthatA anubhavaze. umAzaMkara jozI anaMtarAya rAvaLa yazavaMta zukla amadAvAda, 28, phebruArI 1973 saMpAdako

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anukrama vibhAga : 1 prakaraNa 1 gujarAtanuM ghaDatara : hariprasAda zAstrI bhUstararacanA 1; bhaugolika lakSaNo 2; nAma ane vistAra 3; prAgaitihAsika saMskRti 4; Adya-aitihAsika saMskRti 5; zAto, bhRguo ane yAdavo 6; AraMbhika aitihAsika kALa 7; kSatrapakALa 8; guptakALa 10; maitrakakALa 11; anumaitrakakALa 15; solaMkIkALa 17 prakaraNa 2 gujarAtI bhASAno kuLakrama : harivallabha bhAyANI 25 bhUmikA 25; gujarAtI bhASA 29; prAcIna bolIbhedo 30; giranAranI azokakAlIna bhASA 32; sAhityika prAkRto ane lokabolIo 33; apabhraMza 34; gujarAtInI vikAsa-paraMparA 35; "gujarAta' nAmakaraNa 37; gUrjarabhASAnI lAkSaNikatA 38; gUrjarabhASAnuM vibhAjana 39; prAcIna gujarAtI 40 bolIbhedono vikAsa 41 prakaraNa 3 gujarAtI bhASAnAM vidhAyaka paribaLo : prabodha paMDita 45 (1) bhAratIya AryabhASAomAM gujarAtInuM sthAna 45; (2) gujarAtI bhASAnA itihAsanAM mukhya sImAcihno 54; (3) sAmAjika paribaLono bhASAparivartana upara prabhAva 59 prakaraNa 4 sAhityika pUrvaparaMparA : harivallabha bhAyANI (1) prAdezika sAhityano udaya 71; (2) saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza sAhityanI paraMparA 73; (3) praziSTa sAhityono vAraso 74 71 upasaMhAra : harivallabha bhAyANI 80

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prakaraNa 5 prakaraNa 6 prakaraNa 7 prakaraNa 8 vibhAga : 2 sAhitya prAcInakALa : kezavarAma kA. zAstrI 87 prAstAvika 87; sAMskRtika paristhiti 89; yugabhAvanA 91; saMskRtaprAkRta-apabhraMza sAhityapravRtti 94; vastupALa-tejapALano samaya (i.1219-1247) 99; vAghelA vaMzano aMtabhAga 102; gujarAtamAM muslima sattA (I. 1304thI zarU) 103 - rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya : kezavarAma kA. zAstrI 1. rAsasAhitya 110 prAstAvika 110; 'rAsa' saMjJA 112; rAsa sAhityaprakAranuM mULa 113; rAsa ane daMDarAsa vagere nRttaprakAro 116; rAsanA chaMda 117; 'rAsa'nRttaprakAra ane sAhityaprakArono saMbaMdha 118; rAsa sAhityaprakAra 119; rAsa-kRtionuM vargIkaraNa 124; rAsalekhako ane emanI rAsaracanAo 125. 2. phAgusAhitya prAstAvika 176; 'phAgu' zabdanuM mULa 176; phAgu-sAhityano viSaya vistAra 177; phAgunuM baMdhAraNa 178; phAgu sAhitya ane eno vistA2180; phAgu-kAvyonA kartAo ane emanI sAhityopAsanA 181; upasaMhAra 209 3. anya sAhityaprakAro 1.bAramAsI 210.; 2.chappaya 212; 3.vivAhalu 214; 4.chaMda 216 laukika kathA Adi : bhogIlAla sAMDesarA 245 1.laukika kathAo 245; 2.rUpakagraMthi 266; 3.mAtRkA ane kakka 272 gadya : bhogIlAla sAMDesarA 275 bhUmikA 205; 1. bAlAvabodha 276; 2. varNaka ane bolI 280; 3. auktika 283 saMdarbhagraMthasUci zabdasUci n a n 287 293

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gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha 1 vibhAga : 1

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1 gujarAtanuM ghaDatara (aitihAsika vihaMgAvalokana hariprasAda zAstrI ApaNo A pradeza ghaNA lAMbA kALathI gujarAta' nAme oLakhAya che, paraMtu enuM ghaDatara ene A nAma lAgu paDyuM te pahelAM ghaNA vakhatathI thavA lAgeluM. bhUstara-racanA A pradezanA bhUstaranI racanA cheka purAtana(Archaean) ke ajIvamaya(Azoic) yugathI thavA lAgelI. e pachInA prathama ke prAcInajIvamaya(Paleozoic) yuganA avazeSa A pradezamAM maLyA che. dvitIya ke madhyajIvamaya(Mesozoic) yuga daramyAna zarUAtamAM dakSiNabhArata-AphrikA-osTreliyAne AvarI letA vizALa goMDavana' khaMDamAM kaccha-saurASTrano samAveza thato; e pachI uttarano vizALa "thisa" samudra kaccha, saurASTra ane narmadAkhINamAM pharI vaLyo hato. madhyajIvamaya yuganA aMte pazcima bhAratamAM bhayaMkara Agneya kSobha thayo ne dharatInI sapATI para lAvAno stara patharAyo. akIka ane enI vividha jAto A tRtIya ke nUtanajIvamaya(Neozoic) yuganI che. uttaranA samudra pharI vAra gujarAtanA pazcima bhAga para AkramaNa karyuM. have vartamAna jIvayonio astitvamAM AvavA lAgI. khanija tela ane kudaratI gesanA stara A yuganA che. samaya jatAM vartamAna jIvayonionuM pramANa uttarottara vadhatuM gayuM. A yuganA aMtabhAgamAM dakSiNanA goMDavana khaMDano moTo bhAga nIce besI gayo, enA para samudranAM pANI pharI vaLyAM, dakSiNa bhArata AphrikAthI taddana chUTuM paDI gayuM ne arabI samudra astitvamAM Avyo. anu-tRtIya ke caturtha yugane mAnavajIvanamaya yuga paNa kahe che, kemake jIvayoniomAM mAnavano prAdurbhAva A yugamAM thayo. Adhunika yuganA staranI nIcenA staranA yuga daramyAna mAnavanA prAdurbhAvanAM cila gujarAtamAM bIjA himayuganA ke bahu to bIjA aMtahiMmayuganA staromAM maLe che. Ama dharatInA sudIrgha itihAsamAM mAnavano itihAsa cheka AjakAlano gaNAya, chatAM eno AraMbha lagabhaga eka lAkha varSa pUrve thayo jaNAya che.

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2 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha: 1 bhaugolika lakSaNo bhaugolika dRSTie jotAM gujarAtamAM kaccha ane saurASTra kudaratI ekamo tarIke alaga tarI Ave che. kacchano pradeza kAMThA pAsenI bhInI ane pocI jamInavALo hovAthI "kaccha' kahevAyo che. enI aMdara uttare moTA raNano ne pUrve tathA dakSiNapUrve nAnA raNano samAveza thAya che. A raNa khArApATanA verAna pradezo(ra) che. e ghaNA chIcharA hoI comAsAmAM jaLabaMbAkAra thaI jAya che. kaccha ane saurASTranI vacce AvelA akhAtane "kacchano akhAta' kahe che. saurASTra hAla dvIpakalpa che, paraMtu purAtana kALamAM e dvIpa hato. hajI eno uttarapUrva bhAga (bhAla-naLakAMTho) chIcharo hoI comAsAmAM ghaNe aMze jaLabaMbAkAra thaI jAya che. saurASTra ane taLagujarAtanI vacce khaMbhAtano akhAta' Avelo che. taLa-gujarAtano pradeza rAjasthAna, mevADa, mALavA, khAnadeza ane koMkaNathI pahADo ane jaMgalonI kudaratI sImAo dvArA temaja lokonI bhASA tathA raheNIkaraNI dvArA ghaNe aMze judo paDe che. kacchanA dakSiNa bhAgane, saurASTranA uttarapazcima, pazcima, dakSiNa ane pUrva bhAgane tathA dakSiNa gujarAtanA pazcima bhAgane samudra kinArAno lAbha maLelo che. saurASTra ane kacchanA aMdaranA bhAgamAM temaja taLa-gujarAtanA pUrva tathA uttarapUrva bhAgamAM keTalAMka DuMgaro ane ucca pradezo tathA jaMgalo AvelAM che. giranAra jevA parvata ane pAvAgaDha jevA DuMgara ghaNA ochA che. nadIo saMkhyAmAM ghaNI che, paraMtu jemAM vahANa pharI zake tevI nadIo to narmadA ane tApI ja che. sAbaramatI nadIno parivAra moTo, mahI nadI khaMbhAtanA akhAta pAse pahoMcatAM "mahIsAgara' bane che. dakSiNa gujarAta to jANe nadIono pradeza. gujarAtanI dharatI ochevatte aMze dhAnya vagerenI pedAza mATe phaLadrupa gaNAya. AbohavA paNa ekaMdare samazItoSNa. dharatInA peTALamAMthI khanija saMpatti bahu maLI nathI, paraMtu bhUstara-anveSaNAne laIne have enI vadhu ne vadhu bhALa lAgatI jAya che. A bhaugolika lakSaNoe gujarAtanI prajAnA ghaDataramAM paNa ghaNI asara karI che. pahADo ane jaMgaloe Adima jAtione Azraya Apyo che. samudrakAMThA pAse tathA moTI nadIonA kAMThA pAse mAglAM pakaDavAno, mIThuM pakavavAno, machavA calAvavAno ane vahANavaTAno dhaMdho khIlyo che. dezanA ane pRthvInA bIjA bhAgomAMthI keTalIka laDAyaka tathA vANijyika jAtio ahIMnAM khullA medAnomAM AvI vasI. ahIMnI prajAno moTo varga khetI, pazupAlana ane hunnarakalAonA dhaMdhArojagAra kare che. gujarAtano vaNikavarga jamIna-mArge temaja jaLamArge dezavidezanA vepAramAM tathA vahANavaTAmAM kuzaLa thayo. pariNAme gujarAtanI prajAnA mAnasamAM maLatAvaDo svabhAva, kalaha-bhIrutA, zAMtipriyatA, dharachoDanI vRtti ityAdi lakSa

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gujarAtanuM ghaDatara 3 vyApaka banyAM. eNe aneka AgaMtuko, nirvAsito, vepArIo ane zAsakone potAnAmAM samAvI lIdhA. kaccha ane saurASTramAM sAhasikatA vadhu khIlI. nAnAMmoTAM rajavADAM sthapAtAM emAM laDAyaka vRtti uparAMta mutsaddIgIrI ane kAvAdAvAnI vRtti paNa ThIkaThIka khIlI. chatAM svabhAvanI samatAe prajAnA moTA vargamAM dhArmikatA ane bhAvikatAnA saMskAra khIlavyA, vepAravaNajanI vRttie saMpatti tathA sakhAvatanI bhAvanA vadhArI temaja moTA vepAra-udyoga khIlavyA, to vidyAkalAnI abhirucie sAhitya, kalA ane hunnaranI abhivRddhi karI. nAma ane vistAra "kaccha e prAkRtika nAma che ne eno prayoga cheka pANininA samaya I.pU.pAMcamI sadI)thI maLe che. saurASTrane agAu "surA kahetA, te parathI AgaLa jatAM saurASTra ane "soraTha rUpa pracalita thayAM. marAThA kALamAM ene badale kAThiyAvADa nAma pracalita thayeluM ne e briTiza kALamAM cAlu raheluM. AjhAdI pachI vaLI "saurASTra nAma punaH pracalita thayuM. Adya-aitihAsika kALamAM A samasta pradeza kadAca 'Anarta nAme oLakhAto, jyAre A nAma AraMbhika aitihAsika kALamAM uttara gujarAta ke enA mukhya bhAga mATe prayojAtuM. kaccha, surASTra, Anarta, sArasvatasarasvatI-kAMTho), zvabhra(sAbarakAMTho), mAhe mahIkAMTho), bhArukaccha, AMtaranarmada vagere pradezonI gaNanA aparAMta pazcima sarahada) dezomAM thatI. maitrakakALa daramyAna "lATa' nAma kadAca samasta gujarAta mATe prayojAtuM, paraMtu AgaLa jatAM e nAma dakSiNa gujarAta mATe sImita thayuM. dasamI sadImAM uttara gujarAtamAM rAjasthAnanA caulukya kuLanI sattA sthapAI tyAre agAu bhillamAlabhInamALa)nI AsapAsanA pradeza mATe prayojAyeluM "gurjarI nAma gujarAtanA rAjyapradezane lAgu paDyuM ne samaya jatAM e rAjyanA vistAranI sAthe e nAmano prayoga vistarato gayo. AgaLa jatAM gurjaradeza' ke 'gurjarabhUmine badale gujarAta' rUpa pracalita thayuM, jeno pahelavahelo jJAta ullekha vAghelA caulukya solaMkI) kALa daramyAna(13mI sadImAM maLe che. zAryAto yAdavo surASTramAM vaselA. emanI rAjadhAnI kuzasthalI-dvAravatI (dvArakA) hatI. maurya samrATonA zAsanano sIdho purAvo paNa surASTra mATe ja maLe che. tyAre enuM pATanagara girinagara hatuM. pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAonI sattA zarUAtamAM rAjasthAnathI mahArASTra ane kaccha-surASTrathI mALavA sudhI prasarelI, AgaLa jatAM e dakSiNamAM anUpadeza(mAhiSmatInI AsapAsano pradeza) sudhI rahI. emAM AnartasurASTrano eka vahIvaTI vibhAga hato. cheka guptakALa lagabhaga I. 400470) sudhI surASTranuM pATanagara girinagara rahyuM. maitraka vaMzanA rAjAonA samayamAM rAjadhAnI

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4 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 valabhImAM rahI. temanI sattA saurASTra, uttara gujarAta, madhya gujarAta, ane pazcima mALavA para pravartatI. caulukya (solaMkI) rAjAonA samayamAM jAhojalAlI daramyAna temanA rAjyamAM hAlanA gujarAta uparAMta rAjasthAnanAM sAMcora, Abu, caMdrAvatI, kirADu, navUla, jAlora, sAMbhara, mevADa ane bhIlasA pradezano samAveza thato. gujarAtanI saltanatanA samayamAM emAM hAlanA gujarAta uparAMta jodhapura, nAgora, zirohI, DuMgarapura, vAMsavADA, naMdarabAra, bAgalANa, daMDarAjapura(jaMjIrA), muMbaI ane vasaI pradezono paNa samAveza thato. mughala zAsanakALamAM gujarAta sUbA prAMta)mAM DuMgarapura, vAMsavADA, sUtharevAkAMThA), zirohI, sulemAnagaDha(kaccha) ane rAmanagara(dharamapura) jAgIrono samAveza thato. marAThAonA zAsanakALamAM taLa-gujarAtanA ghaNA bhAga temanI sIdhI sattA nIce hatA tyAre bIjA thoDA bhAga rajavADAMonI sattA nIce rahyA. briTiza zAsanakALamAM amadAvAda, kheDA, paMcamahAla, surata ane bharUca e muMbaI ilAkAnA uttara vibhAganA jillA banyA, jyAre rajavADAMonA samUha judIjudI ejansIomAM vaheMcAyA. 1947mAM AjhAdI AvI ne rajavADAMnuM vilInIkaraNa thatAM muMbaI rAjyanA jillAomAM amarelI, banAsakAMThA, sAbarakAMThA, mahesANA, vaDodarA ane DAMga jillA umerAyA; AgaLa jatAM bhAvanagara, surendranagara, rAjakoTa, jAmanagara, jUnAgaDha ane kaccha jillA umerAyA. 1960mAM muMbaI rAjyanuM bhASAkIya dvibhAgIkaraNa thatAM gujarAtanA A badhA jillAonuM gujarAta rAjya tarIke saMyojana sadhAyuM. Ama gujarAtanA vistAramAM avAranavAra vadhaghaTa thatI rahI che. have 'gujarAta rAjyamAM gujarAtIbhASI pradezanA ghaNAkharA bhAgonuM saMyojana thayuM che, jyAre sImA paranA keTalAka bhAga paDozanAM rAjyomAM mukAyA che. prAgaitihAsika saMskRti prAgaitihAsika kALano mAnavI nadIonA kAMThe bhamato ne paththara vagerenAM hathiyAra ghaDato. paththaranAM hathiyAronA avazeSa sAbaramatI, mahI, narmadA, orasaMga, karajaNa, pAra, aMbikA, bhAdara, sUkI, bhUkhI vagere nadIonA kAMThe maLyA che. kaMdamULa ane zikAra vaDe e jIvananirvAha karato. gujarAtano AdimAnava AphrikAnA pUrva kinArAthI Avyo lAge che. A saMskRtino samaya AjathI 50000 thI 1,00,000 varSo pUrveno AMkavAmAM Avyo che. samaya jatAM havAmAnamAM ne sAthosAtha mAnavanAM hathiyAromAM pheraphAra thatA gayA. dhImedhIme e eka ThekANe raheto thayo. aMtya pASANayuganAM mAnava-hADapiMjara lAMghaNajaji.mahesANA)mAM maLyAM che, temAM mAnavavaMza-saMkaratA mAlUma paDI che. A saMskRtino samaya AjathI lagabhaga 5,000 varSa pahelAMno AMkavAmAM Avyo che.

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gujarAtanuM ghaDatara 5 e samaye mAnavI lAkaDAnA ke hADakAnA hAthamAM mUkIne baMdhAtAM paththaranAM nAnAMnAnAM hathiyAra vAparato. A yuganA uttarArdhamAM e vAsaNa ghaDato paNa thayo hato. nUtanapASaNa yuga daramyAna mAnava khetI karI anna-utpAdana karavA lAgyo ne keTalAMka pazuone pALI potAnA kAmamAM jotaravA lAgyo. agAu arayATana karato mAnavI have grAmavAsI thayo ne kRSi tathA pazupAlane enA Arthika jIvanamAM krAMtikAraka parivartana ANyuM. Adya-aitihAsika saMskRti kaccha, saurASTra ane taLa-gujarAtanA samudrataTe sidha-paMjAbanI tAmrapASANa yuganI suvikasita nagarasaMskRti prasarI. A saMskRtinA avazeSa raMgapura(ji.surendranagara), lothalaji. amadAvAda), AmarA ane lAkhAbAvaLa (ji.jAmanagara), prabhAsa-somanAtha, rojaDI-zrInAthagaDha (ji. rAjakoTa), desalapura, pabumaTha ane surakoTaDA tathA dhoLAvIrA (ji. kaccha), taloda, mahegAma ane bhAgAtaLAva(ji. bharUca) vagere aneka sthaLoe maLyA che. e samaye sAbaramatI ane bhogAvo nadIo lothalanI najIkamAM samudramAM maLatI. nadIothI ThalavAtA kAMpane laIne pachI samudra daseka mAIla dUra haTI gayo che. haDappApaMjAba) ane moheMjo-daDo(siMdha)nI jema lothalanI vasAhata nagara-Ayojana pramANe vasI hatI. emAM eka bAjue uparakoTa hato, enI pAse vakhAra hatI ne prAyaH bharatIne samaye vahANo nAMgaravA mATeno kRtrima dhakko hato. pratyeka gharamAM pharasavALo snAnakhaMDa hato. snAnakhaMDomAMnuM meluM pANI khAnagI morIo dvArA gaTaromAM ke khALakUvAomAM vahI jatuM. rastA be vAhana sAmasAmAM pasAra thaI zake teTalA pahoLA hatA. hunnarakalAmAM mATIkAma, paththarakAma tathA dhAtukAmano sAro vikAsa thayo hato. siMdhu lipimAM kotarela abhilekhavALI mudrAo tathA mudrAMko maLyAM che. gujarAtamAM maLelo lekhanano A prAcInatama upalabdha namUno gaNAya. lothalamAMthI maLelI hAthIdAMtanI mApapaTTI paranI rekhAo dazAMza paddhati pramANe che e khAsa noMdhapAtra che. ramatonAM sAdhanomAM sogaThAM ane pAsA maLyAM che. lothalamAM thoDAM daphana maLyAM che temAM mRtakane arpaNa karelI cIjo maLI che. traNa daphanomAM babbe hADapiMjara sAthe dATelAM che. eka khoparImAM kApo karavAmAM Avelo che. vastInuM pramANa jotAM zabanA nikAlano mukhya prakAra agnisaMskArano haze ema jaNAya che. lothalamAM vastI Azare 10,000 mANasonI haze evo aMdAja che. nRvaMzanI daSTie vastI pacaraMgI hatI. lothalanI vasAhatano samaya I.pU. 2450thI 1600 sudhIno AMkavAmAM Avyo che. lothala eka bAju siMdha-paMjAba sAthe ane bIjI bAju elama ane mesopoTemiyA

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6 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 jevA dezAvaro sAthe gADha vANijiyaka saMbaMdha dharAvatuM. ahIM vAraMvAra nadInA pUrano upadrava thayo jaNAya che. pariNAme nagaranI bhAre paDatI thaI lagabhaga I. pU. 1900). e pachI tyAM pharI vasAhata thaI kharI, paraMtu I. pU. 1600nA arasAmAM AvelA pUre e vasAhatano sadaMtara nAza karyo. kacchanuM dhoLAvIrA haDappIya saMskRtinuM eka vikasita nagara hatuM ane desalapara nAnuM nagara hatuM. chatAM e mahattvanuM vepArI keMdra hatuM. tyAM haDappIya mudrAo maLI che. raMgapuraji. sureMdranagara) evuM sthAna che jyAM haDappIya saMskRti siMdhupradeza karatAM vadhu samaya TakI ne chevaTe mevADanA ucca pradezamAM prasarI. rojaDI(ji. rAjakoTamAM maLelI haDappIya saMskRtino samaya I. pU. 1900 thI 1600no AMkavAmAM Avyo che. somanAthamAM thayelA utnanane anuhaDappIya tAmrapASANa yuga ane AraMbhika lohayuga vaccenA gALAne sAMkaDo karyo che. vastIno eno bIjo tabakko che. pU. 130 sudhIno jaNAvo che. lokhaMDanA dhAtukAmanI nizAnIo somanAthanA trIjA tabakkAmAM maLI che. bhAratavarSamAM lohano upayoga I. pU. 1000nA arasAmAM jANavAmAM Avyo che. lokhaMDanI kAcI dhAtune gALavA mATe vadhu uSNatAmAnanI jarUra paDe che, paraMtu enAM hathiyAra vadhu majabUta ane TakAu bane che. zAyato, bhRguo ane yAdavo paurANika anukRtionA AdhAre gujarAtamAM A daramyAna thayelA keTalAka AdyaaitihAsika rAjavaMzo vize mAhitI maLe che. e anusAra ahIM vaivasvata manunA putra zaryAtino vaMza rAjya karato hato. zaryAtinA putranuM nAma Anarta hatuM. enA putra revanA saMdarbhamAM zAryAtono rAjyapradeza "Anarta' nAme oLakhAto; enI rAjadhAnI kuzasthalI hatI. purANomAM zAryAtavaMzanA cAreka rAjAonI ja anuzruti jaLavAI rahI che, jyAre bIjA aneka rAjAono vRttAMta vismRtimAM lupta thayo lAge che. bhRgunA putra avana prasiddha RSi hatA. zaryAtinI putrI sukanyA emanI patnI hatI. avananA samayathI bhRguo dakSiNa gujarAta sAthe gADha saMbaMdha dharAvatA. ene laIne bhArukaccha pradeza bhRgukSetra tarIke ane bharukaccha nagara bhRgukaccha tarIke oLakhAyuM. cyavananA putra dadhIcanuM sthAna caMdrabhAgA-sAbaramatInA saMgama pAse manAya che, jenI samIpamAM gAMdhIjIe Azrama sthApyo. bhArgavo AgaLa jatAM haihaya yAdavo sAthe purohita tarIke saMbaMdha dharAvatA. haihaya samrATa arjuna kArtavIryanA vizALa rAjyamAM gujarAtano samAveza thato. enA pitA kRtavIryanA samayathI hihayo ane bhRguo vacce saMgharSa thayo. A saMgharSa arjuna kArtavIrya ane rAma rAmada nA samayamAM

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gujarAtanuM ghaDatara 7 parAkASThAe pahoMcyo. pitAnI hatyAnuM vera vALavA parazurAme kSatriyonuM ekavIsa vAra nikaMdana kADhyuM ne chevaTe e bhRgukSetra tajI zUparaka(sopArA) cAlyA gayA. AgaLa jatAM sAtvata kuLanA yAdavo jarAsaMdha vagerenA upadravane laIne kRSNa vAsudevanI AgevAnI nIce mathurA tajI saurASTramAM AvI vasyA. zAryAtonI jUnI rAjadhAnI kuzasthalInA jIrNa durgane samArAvI ene dvAravatI ke dvArakA nAme navI nagarInuM svarUpa ApyuM. kakudhI raivate potAnI kanyA revatI balarAma vAsudevane paraNAvI. kRSNa vAsudeve vidarbha, madra, zibi vagere pradezonI rAjakanyAone paraNI aneka rAjakuLo sAthe saMbaMdha bAMdhyo. pAMDavonA abhyadayamAM tathA bhAratayuddhamAM thayelA pAMDavonA vijayamAM kRSNano phALo gaNanApAtra hato. paraMtu yAdavo mada ane madirAne vaza thaI prabhAsamAM ApasaApasamAM laDI maryA ne arjune dvArakAmAM rahelAM strI bALakone laI jaI kRSNanA prapautra vajano abhiSeka iMdraprasthamAM karAvyo. samaya jatAM kRSNa vAsudeva viSNunA pUrNAvatAra tarIke temaja bhAgavata saMpradAyanA ISTadeva tarIke sthAna pAmyA. gItAnA gAnAra' tarIke paNa teo khyAti dharAve che. kuzasthalI-dvArakA revataka giri pAse vaselI hatI ne enI AsapAsa samudra hato; kRSNano dehotsarga thatAM samudra ene DubADI dIdhI evI anuzruti che. yAdavakAlIna dvArakAnuM sthAna nakkI karavuM muzkela che, kemake revataka giri ane samudranA sAmIpsano meLa vartamAna bhaugolika sthitimAM maLato nathI. yAdavAsthaLI pachInA Adya-itihAsane lagatI anuzruti upalabdha nathI. AraMbhika aitihAsika kALa gujarAtanA pramANita itihAsano AraMbha mauryakALathI thAya che. caMdragupta maurya(lagabhaga I.pU. 322-298)nA rASTriya (rAjyapAle) girinagara pAse baMdha bAMdhI sudarzana nAme jaLAzaya karAvyuM. azoka maurya(lagabhaga I. pU. 273-237)nA rASTriye emAMthI nahero karAvI. devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA azoke cauda dharmalekhonI eka prata girinagara pAsenA zaila para kotarAvI. aitihAsika kALano gujarAtamAM e sahuthI prAcIna abhilekha che. e prAkRta gadyamAM ne brAhmI lipimAM che. girinagara e giri urjayagirinagara) pAse vaseluM nagara hatuM ne surASTranuM vaDuM mathaka hatuM. azokanA kotarelA dharmalekhavALo zaila jUnAgaDhanA dAmodara kuMDa pAse Avelo che. girinagara pAsenA DuMgaromAM bauddha bhikSuonA nivAsa mATe guphAo kaMDArI ApavAnI zarUAta A samaye thaI lAge che. azoka bauddha dharmano ane eno pautra saMprati jaina dharmano parama anuyAyI ane prabhAvaka hato. A be dharmono prabhAva gujarAtamAM mauryakALamAM zarU thayo jaNAya che. gujarAtamAM keTalAMka prAcIna jinAlaya saMpratie

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8 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 baMdhAvyAM hovAnuM manAya che. zrIlaMkAnA pAli sAhityamAM dIpavaMsa ane mahAvaMsa' nAme je itihAsagraMtho che, temAM tyAMnI siMhala saMskRtino AraMbha lALa dezanA siMhapuranA rAjaputra vijayanA AgamanathI gaNavAmAM Ave che. vijaya potAnA 700 sAthIo sAthe samudramArge siMhapurathI sopArA thaI laMkAdvIpa gayo hato ne pachI e sahu tyAM rahI gayA hatA. enuM Agamana bhagavAna buddhanA parinirvANa(zrIlaMkAnI anukRti anusAra I.pU. 54443)nA divase thayuM hatuM. A anuzrutimAM jaNAvela lALadeza e loTa(gujarAta) ane siMhapura e bhAvanagara jillAmAMnuM sihora hovA saMbhava che. "laMkAnI lADI ne ghoghAno vara' e gujarAtI kahevata zrIlaMkA ane gujarAta vaccenA sAMskRtika saMbaMdhanuM samarthana kare che. A anuzruti anusAra rAjaputra vijayane lagatI ghaTanA AraMbhika aitihAsika kALanA prAga-maurya kALakhaMDa daramyAna banI gaNAya. magadhanA sAmrAjyanI sattA gujarAtamAM kyAM sudhI cAlu rahI e jANavA maLatuM nathI. zuMgakALa daramyAna bAlika dezanA yavano(grIko)nI sattA uttara-pazcima bhAratamAM sthapAI. e paikI minandara lagabhaga I. pU. 155thI 130) ane apaladata-bIjo (lagabhaga I.pU. 115thI 95)nA sikkA gujarAtamAM maLyA che. I. pU. pa7mAM zarU thayelo vikrama saMvata ujjainanA je zakAri vikramAditye zarU karelo manAya che te vikramAditya bharukaccha(bharUca)no rAjA balamitra hovo saMbhave che. kSatrapa kALa I. 78mAM bhAratavarSamAM zaka saMvatano AraMbha thayo. zaka jAtinA kSatrapa rAjAo pazcima bhAratamAM sattArUDha thayA. kSaharAta kulanA rAjA kSatrapa bhUmaka tathA nahapAne ahIM e pahelAM cALIsa varSa rAjya karyuM. nahapAnAnabhovAhana)nI rAjadhAnI prAyaH bharukaccha(bharUca)mAM hatI. enuM rAjya prAyaH uttaramAM puSkara (ajamera pAse) sudhI, pazcimamAM saurASTra sudhI, pUrvamAM mALavA sudhI ane dakSiNamAM nAsika-pUnA jillA sudhI vistRta hatuM. enA jamAI uSavadAte bharukaccha tathA prabhAsamAM vividha dAna dIdhelAM. kacchamAM vaLI kArdika kuLanA rAjA kSatrapa cASTananI sattA pravartI. dakhkhaNanA sAtavAhana rAjA gautamIputra zAtakarNie rAjA nahapAnane harAvI kSaharAta vaMzano aMta ANyo, paNa rAjA cANane thoDA ja varSomAM emAMnA ghaNA pradeza jItI lIdhA ne potAnuM rAjya puSkara, mALavA ane narmadA sudhI vistAryuM. enI rAjadhAnI urjanamAM hatI. enA samayamAM zaka varSa 72 (I. 150)mAM ativRSTithI AvelA nadIonA pUrane laIne girinagaranA sudarzanano baMdha tUTI gayo tyAre Anarta-surASTranA rAjyapAle rAjAnI maMjUrI meLavI ene samayasara samarAvI dIdho. Ane lagato je lekha giranAra

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gujarAtanuM ghaDatara 9 zelanI bIjI bAjue kotarelo che temAM mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAnI prazasti saMskRta sAhityamAM ucca zailInA gadyanA prAcIna namUnA tarIke jANItI che. kSatrapa rAjAonA seMkaDo sikkA maLyA che. emAM sikkA paDAvanAra rAjAnuM pUruM nAma ApavAmAM AvatuM. rudrasiMha-pahelAnA samayathI emAM varSa ApavAmAM AvatuM. A parathI A rAjAonI vaMzAvalI tathA sAlavArI baMdha besADavAmAM ghaNI saraLatA rahI che. chellA rAjA rudrasiMha-trIjAnA sikkA zaka varSa 320 (I. 398-99) sudhInA maLyA che. Ama kSatrapAla gujarAtanA prAcIna itihAsamAM traNasothI vadhu varSano samaya roke che. A kALa daramyAna gujarAtamAM pAdaliptAcArya, vajabhUti AcArya, Arya nAgArjuna, siddhasena divAkara, malavAdI vagere jaina vidvAno thayA, jemanI kRtiomAM taraMgavatI kathA, sanmatitarka, nyAyAvatAra ane dvAdazAranayacakra noMdhapAtra che. I.300nA arasAmAM mathurAmAM Arya skaMdile ne valabhImAM Arya nAgArjune jaina AgamonI vAcanA taiyAra karI. malavAdI tArkikomAM agrima sthAna dharAve che. bauddha AcArya sthiramati ane guNamatie valabhInI najIkanA vihAramAM rahI potAnA prasiddha graMtha racyA. pahelA ke bIjA saikAmAM durgAcArye jaMbusaramAM nirukta para TIkA lakhI ne cothA saikAmAM valabhInA skaMdasvAmIe TvedabhASya lakhyuM. jyotiSI lATadeva (trIjI sadI) lATadezanA vatanI lAge che. rAjakIya lakhANomAM prAkRtane sthAne saMskRtano upayoga thavA lAgyo. brAhmI lipinA akSara vadhAre maroDadAra banyA ne enA para nAnI zirorekhA umerAI. dharmamAM tIrthasthAna, dAna ane pUrtadharmano mahimA manAto. dAnamAM kanyAdAna, grAmadAna, suvarNadAna tathA godAnanuM mAhAbhya gaNAtuM. manuSyonA paricayamAM gotra mahattva dharAvatuM. zaka jAtinA zAsako paNa zeva tathA bauddha dharma apanAvatA. prabhAsamAM somazarmAe somasiddhAMta pravartAvyo. e zivanA sattAvIsamA avatAra manAyA. "somanAthanI utpatti emanA nAma parathI thaI lAge che. DabhoI pAse AvelA kAravaNamAM nakulIza ke lakulIza nAme AcArya thayA te zivanA aThThAvIsamA avatAra manAya che. bhagavAna rudra tyAM eka mRta brahmacArInI lakula kAyAmAM avataryA tethI e sthAna "kAyAvarohaNa kahevAyuM ema manAya che. nakula/lakula eTale lakuTa(daMDa). lakulIzanA svarUpamAM emanA eka hAthamAM lakuTa dhAraNa karelo hoya che. lakulIzane vAsudevanA samakAlIna gaNAvyA che, paraMtu teo kharekhara bIjA zatakamAM thayA jaNAya che. bhagavAna lakulIze pAzupata saMpradAya pravartAvyo, e dezabharamAM prasaryo. emane cAra ziSya hatA. kuzika, garga, mitra ane kuruSa. teomAMthI anukrame kauzika, gArgyu, maitra ane kauruSya zAkhA thaI. pAlItANA pAdaliptasUrinI smRti jALave che. zatruMjaya, ujjayaMta(giranAra),

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10 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMthaH 1 prabhAsa, DhAMka, staMbhanaka(thAmaNA), zaMkhezvara vagere jaina tIrtho paNa prAcIna che. gujarAtamAM keTalAMka sthaLoe bauddha stUpo tathA vihAro baMdhAtA ke kaMDArAtA hatA. | vaDanagara, nagarA, zAmaLAjI, devanI morI, dhAtavA, akoTA, TIMbaravA, kAmareja, valabhIpura, somanAtha, dvArakA, pIMDArA, iMTavA vagere aneka sthaLoe sthaLatapAsa ane/ athavA utpanana dvArA A kALanA vividha avazeSa prApta thayA che. emAM romanAM mRbhADu khAsa noMdhapAtra che. roma sAthe tyAre bhArata gADha vANijyika saMbaMdha dharAvatuM. saurASTramAM jUnAgaDha, taLAjA, sANA, khaMbhAlIDA vagere sthaLoe DuMgaramAM bauddha vihAra kaMDArelA che, to DhAMkanA DuMgaramAM jaina caitya kaMDArelAM che. jUnAgaDha ane zAmaLAjI pAse iMTerI stUpo ane vihAronA avazeSa maLyA che. devanI morInA stUpanA peTALamAMthI paththarano dAbaDo nIkaLelo. enA para kotarelA saMskRta padyabaddha lekhamAM A stUpa amuka zAkya bhikSuoe baMdhAvelo ane emAM amuka bhikSue dazabala(buddha)nA dehAvazeSa A zailamaya samudugamAM padharAvelA evuM jaNAveluM che. dAbaDAmAM tAMbAnI dAbaDImAM asthi bharelI zIzIghATanI sonAnI nAnI dAbaDI hatI. paththaranA dAbaDAnA DhAMkaNA para bauddha tripiTakamAMnuM pratItyasamutpAdanA siddhAMtane lagatuM sUtrapravacana) kotareluM che. stUpanI aMdarathI tathA AsapAsathI buddha-pratimAo maLI che. A stUpa I.375nA arasAmAM baMdhAyo lAge che. zAmaLAjInI najIkamAM A kALanI aneka suMdara zaiva zilpakRtio paNa prApta thaI che. emAM saptamAtRkAo tathA bhIlaDIveze rahelAM pArvatInI mUrti khAsa noMdhapAtra che. kheDabrahmAmAMthI maLeluM ekamukha zivaliMga, valabhImAMthI maLelI kezinibhUdana kRSNa tathA mahiSAsuramardinInI mUrtio, tenaji. surata)mAMthI maLelI viSNunI nAnI khaMDita pratimA vagere paNa kSatrapakAlIna che. grIka bhASAmAM pahelI sadImAM lakhAyelA "irizciyana(lAla) samudrano periplasa (bhomiyo)mAM kacchano kAMTho, dvArakAno akhAta, saurASTrano kAMTho, bharUcano akhAta vagerenuM vigate nirUpaNa kareluM che. pazcima sAthenA vepAranA saMdarbhamAM akIka, pannA, hiMdI malamala, mulAyama kApaDa ane sAdA kApaDa vagerenI nikAsano tathA iTAliyana dArU. tAMbuM, kalAI, sIsuM, pItaLa, paravALAM, pokharAja, kAca, sonAcAMdInA sikkA, rUpAnAM vAsaNa, rUpALI bAMdIo vagerenI AyAtono ullekha Ave che. tolamAya TolemI)nI bhUgoLa (bIjI sadImAM paNa kaccha, surASTra tathA lATanA kAMThAnuM varNana kareluM che. guptakALa* magadhanA gupta samrATa caMdragupta vikramAditye I. 400nA arasAmAM mALavA jItyuM ne thoDA vakhatamAM gujarAta para paNa gupta sAmrAjyanuM zAsana prava. kumAraguptapahelA(I.415thI 455)nA cAMdInA saMkhyAbaMdha sikkA gujarAtamAM maLyA che. gupta

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gujarAtanuM ghaDatara 11 samrATo magadhamAM sonAnA ane tAMbAnA sikkA paDAvatA hatA, paraMtu jyAre emaNe pazcima bhArata para potAnI sattA prasArI tyAre emane ahIM lAMbA kSatrapakAla daramyAna pracalita thayelA cAMdInA sikkAonuM calaNa apanAvavuM paDeluM. lATadezamAMthI dazapuramaMdasora)mAM jaI vaselA paTTavAyopaToLAM vaNanAra kArIgaro)nI zreNIebhaMDaLa) tyAM I. 436mAM sUryamaMdira baMdhAveluM. skaMdaguptanA samayamAM (. 455mAM) girinagaranA sudarzanano baMdha ativRSTithI nadIomAM AvelA pUrane laI pharI tUTI gayo tyAre nagarapAlaka cakrapAlike e baMdha bIje ja varSe samArAvI dIdho ne pachIne varSe enI pAse cakrabhUta viSNunuM maMdira paNa baMdhAvyuM. jUnAgaDhanA zailanI trIjI bAju para kotarelo Ane lagato lekha saMskRta padyanI sarasa zailImAM racAyo che. gupta samrATo parama bhAgavata hatA tethI temanA rAjyakALa daramyAna ahIM paNa vaiSNava saMpradAyane khAsa protsAhana maLeluM. kumAragupta tathA skaMdaguptanA sikkAo para garuDanuM cila aMkita kareluM che. gujarAtamAM gupta samrATonuM zAsana phakta sittereka varSa lagabhaga I. 400thI 470) rahyuM. A kALanA sAhityamAM agAu kSatrapakALa daramyAna taiyAra thayelI jaina AgamonI mAtharI vAcanA tathA vAlabhI vAcanAnA pAThanI tulanA karIne devardhvigaNi kSamAzramaNe valabhImAM samIkSita vAcanA taiyAra karI te khAsa noMdhapAtra che. samasta bhAratavarSamAM zvetAMbara jeno A vAcanAne anusare che. gujarAtanuM sahuthI prAcIna vidyamAna maMdira gopaji. jAmanagara)nuM che. e A kALanA aMtanuM gaNAya che. zAmaLAjI pAse maLelAM keTalAMka zilpa A kALanAM che. akoTA(vaDodarA)mAMthI maLela tIrthakara AdinAthanI khaMDita pratimA pAMcamI sadInI che. maitrakakALa0 skaMdaguptanA mRtyu pachI gupta sAmrAjyanI sattA zithila thatAM enA keTalAka prAMta svataMtra thayA. surASTramAM senApati bhaTArke valabhImAM svataMtra rAjya sthApyuM lagabhaga I. 470). e maitrakakuLano hato, tethI A rAjavaMza maitraka vaMza' tarIke oLakhAya che. surASTranuM pATanagara have girinagaramAMthI valabhIpuramAM gayuM. valabhI e pUrva saurASTramAM samudrataTa para AvelI prAcIna nagarI hatI. maitrako "parama mAhezvara(ziva)' hatA. maitraka rAjAo samaya jatAM pahelAM mahArAja ane AgaLa jatAM mahArAjAdhirAja jevAM rAjapada dhAraNa karavA lAgyA. teo brAhmaNo, maMdiro ane bauddha vihArone aneka bhUmidAna detA. ene lagatAM soeka tAmrazAsana maLyAM che. tAmrapatro para kotarelAM bhUmidAnane lagatAM e rAjazAsano parathI e kALanA rAjakIya tathA sAMskRtika itihAsa vize ThIkaThIka mAhitI sAMpaDe che. maitrakavaMzamAM zIlAditya-pahelo(lagabhaga I.595-6 15) dharmAditya' tarIke

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12 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 khyAti pAmyo. eNe potAnA mahelanI bAjumAM bauddha vihAra baMdhAvyo hato ne emAM sAta buddhanI pratimAo padharAvI hatI. eNe potAnA rAjyanI sattA pazcima mALavA para vistArI. dhruvasena-bIjo uttarApathanA cakravartI harSanA hAthe parAjaya pAmyo, paraMtu thoDA vakhatamAM harSe ene potAno jamAI banAvI enI sAthe mITho saMbaMdha bAMdhyo. enA samayamAM cInI mahAzramaNa yuana vAMge bhAratavarSanA pravAsa daramyAna bharUca. mALavA, kheDA, AnaMdapura(vaDanagara), vaDAlI, valabhI ane girinagaranI mulAkAta lIdhI.I. 640). harSe yuana vAMgane kanoja teDAvI dharmapariSada bharIne gaMrA-yamunAnA saMgama para enI hAjarImAM chaThThI paMcavArSika mokSapariSada bharI (I. 644) tyAre tyAM harSanI rAjasabhAmAM dhruvasena agrima sthAna dharAvato. enA putra dharasena-cothAe cakravartI biruda dhAraNa karyuM. zIlAditya-sAtamAnA samayamAM siMdhanI araba phoje valabhI para dariyAI humalo karI valabhIpurano nAza karyo ne rAjAne mArI maitrakavaMzano aMta ANyo (I. 788). maitrakonI sattA samasta saurASTra, uttara gujarAta, madhya gujarAta ane pazcima mALavA para pravartatI ne temanuM rAjya traNasothI vadhu varSa jeTalA lAMbA kALa sudhI cAlyuM, AthI gujarAtanA itihAsamAM A kALane maitrakakALa' tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. A kALa daramyAna dakSiNa gujarAtamAM bIjAM rAjyonI sattA pravartatI. zarUAtamAM enA dakSiNa bhAgamAM koMkaNanA saikUTakonuM rAjya hatuM. chaThThI sadInA AraMbhamAM dakSiNa gujarAta para mAhiSmatInA kaTacurivaMzanI sattA pravartI. sAtamI sadInA AraMbhamAM nAMdIpurI(nAMdoda)mAM gurjaranRpativaMzanI sattA sthapAI, jyAre navasArikA(navasArI)mAM dakhaNanA cAlukyavaMzanI zAkhA sthapAI. gurjaranRpativaMze pachI rAjadhAnI bharUcamAM rAkhI. I. 726 arasAmAM siMdhanI Araba phoje kaccha, saurASTra ane bharUca para vijaya meLavI dakSiNApatha jItavA mATe navasArI sudhI kUca karI tyAre tyAMnA cAlukya rAjA avanijanAzraya pulakezIe ene harAvI pAchI kADhI ne bharUcanA rAjA jayabhaTa-cothAe eno valabhIpuramAM parAbhava karyo. I. 750nA arasAmAM dakhaNanA rASTrakUTa rAjA daMtidurge cAlukya sattAnuM umUlana karIne ane mahIparyata kUca karIne lATa tathA mAlava deza jItI lIdhA. thoDA vakhatamAM daMtidurganA pitarAI goviMdarAjanA putra kakkarAje dakSiNa gujarAtamAM potAnI svataMtra sattA sthApI. A badho vakhata gujarAtanA moTA bhAga para valabhInA maitraka rAjAonI vizALa sattA pravartatI. maitrakakALa daramyAna brAhmaNo vedono svAdhyAya karatA temaja agnihotra ane paMca mahAyajJanI Ahunika kriyAo karatA. kRSi ane pazupAlana uparAMta vepAravaNaja

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gujarAtanuM ghaDatara 13 tathA hunnarakalAonA vyavasAya pracalita hatA. valabhImAM dezadezAvaranI kiMmatI ane virala cIjonI AyAta thatI. taLa-gujarAtanI prajA mATe vidyA, vinaya ane rItabhAta aMge UMcI chApa paDatI. hiMdu dharmanA saMpradAyomAM mAhezvara saMpradAya sahuthI vadhu lokapriya hato. mAhezvaromAM pAzupata mata ghaNo pracalita hato. viSNu bhagavAnanA avatAromAM varAha, vAmana ane kRSNanA avatAra lokapriya hatA. Aditya-bhakti paNa pracalita hatI. | gujarAtamAM bauddha dharma sArA pramANamAM vyApaka hato. valabhImAM bhikSuonA vihAronuM tathA bhikSuNIonA vihAronuM ekeka maMDala hatuM. ahIM hInayAnanA tathA samitIya nikAyanA anuyAyIo adhika hatA. vihAromAM bhagavAna buddhanI ke buddhonI pUjA thatI. valabhI jaina dharmanuM paNa kendra hatuM. valabhIno nAza thavAno hato tyAre tyAMnI mukhya jaina pratimAone anya sthaLoe khaseDavAmAM AvelI ne tyAMno zrAvaka saMgha moDherA cAlyo gayelo. prabhAsa, zatruMjaya, vaDhavANa, kAsaMdrA ane hArIjanAM jaina caitya paNa gaNanApAtra gaNAtAM. maitrakonAM dAnazAsanomAM ApelI rAjAonI prazastio saMskRtinI ucca gadyazailImAM racAI che. emAM lAMbA samAso tathA zabdAlaMkAro ane arthAlaMkAronuM prAcarya raheluM che. A zailI dakSiNa gujarAtanAM ghaNAM samakAlIna rAjyonA dAnazAsanomAM paNa prayojAI che. rASTrakUTa rAjAnA dAnazAsanamAM samasta prazasti padyamAM racelI che ne emAM suMdara kAvyocita kalpanAo prayojAI che. valabhInA zilAlekhomAM prasAda ane mAdhuryanA guNa rahelA che. Ama A kALanI prazastionI gadyazailI daMDI, subaMdhu ane bANabhaTTanI ucca gadyazailInuM ane padyaracanA kAlidAsanI kAvyazailInuM smaraNa karAve che. - valabhImAM kavi bhaTTie raceluM "rAvaNavadha nAme mahAkAvya saMskRta mahAkAvyomAM anokhI bhAta pADe che, kemake emAM kathAprasaMgonA nirUpaNanI sAthe zabdazAstra tathA kAvyazAstranA niyamonAM udAharaNa vaNI levAnI apUrva paddhati apanAvAI che, AthI A mahAkAvya para aneka TIkAo lakhAI che. pAMca praziSTa mahAkAvyo para TIkA lakhanAra mallinAthe paNa A mahAkAvya para TIkA lakhI che. kavinA nAma parathI A kAvya "bhaTTikAvya' tarIke vadhAre jANItuM che. enI racanA rAjA dharasenanA samayamAM thaI hatI, e dharasena maitraka vaMzano dharasena bIjo lagabhaga I. pa70pa95) ke dharasena trIjo(lagabhaga I. 6 20-6 28) hovo joIe. zAstranA aTapaTA niyamo kAvyAMtargata udAharaNo dvArA saraLatAthI yAda rahe e daSTie A kAvyaprakAra noMdhapAtra che. putrATa saMghanA digaMbara jinasUrie vaDhavANamAM raceluM 'harivaMzapurANa" e A

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14 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 kALanuM bIjuM mahAkAvya che. e I. 783mAM racAyeluM. ahIM 'hari e kRSNa vAsudevanA pUrvajanuM nAma che. emanA vaMzamAM janmelA ariSTanemineminAtha) tathA vasudevanuM carita e jaina kathAsAhityanA mAnItA viSaya che. aneka bauddha graMthono cInI bhASAmAM anuvAda karanAra bhikSu dharmagupta (chaThTho saiko) lATa dezanA vatanI hatA. zikSAsamuccaya, bodhicaryAvatAra ane sUtra-samuccaya nAme graMthonA kartA bhikSu zAMtidevAsAtamo-AThamo saiko) saurASTranA rAjaputra hatA. "aMgavijjA' tathA "vasudevahiMDI' jevA prAkRta graMtha pazcima bhAratamAM lakhAyA. jaina Agamo paranA vivaraNa sAhityamAM vipula phALo ApanAra aneka graMtha pazcima bhAratamAM vihAra karatA jaina sAdhuoe lakhelA che emAM gujarAtano paNa ThIkaThIka phALo gaNAya. jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNe lakheluM vizeSAvazyakabhASya' je I. 609mAM valabhImAM pUrNa ke arpaNa thayeluM te, dArzanika graMthomAM ghaNuM mahattvanuM sthAna dharAve che. e vidvAne bIjA aneka graMthabhaulika temaja vivaraNAtmaka) lakhyA che. jinadAsagaNi mahattara(sAtamI sadI) aneka jaina Agama graMtho para prAkRta-saMskRta mizrabhASAmAM gadyamAM lakhAyelI cUrNionA kartA tarIke prasiddha che. AcArya haribhadrasUriI. 70770) pazcima bhAratanA eka prakRSTa vidvAna hatA, jemaNe anekAneka graMtha lakhelA che. emAM anekAMtajayapatAkA tathA anekAMtavAdapradeza, dharmasaMgrahaNI, nyAyapraveza, yogadaSTisamuccaya ane SaDradarzanasamuccaya jevA dArzanika graMtho uparAMta dhUkhyAna, yazodharacaritra ane samarAIaikahA jevA caritagraMthono paNa samAveza thAya che. kuvalayamAlA' racanAra udyotanasUri A samayamAM thayA. A kathAkRti prAkRta, paizAcI, apabhraMza ane saMskRta bhASAmAM gadya tathA padyamAM racAI che. brahmaguptanA jyotiSagraMthanI tathA kavi mAghanA "zizupAlavadha bhAghakAvya) mahAkAvyanI racanA hAlanA gujarAtanI uttare AvelA prAcIna gurjaradezamAM A kALa daramyAna thayelI. | I-siMga valabhI vidyApIThane magadhanI suprasiddha nAlaMdA vidyApIThanI haroLamAM mUke che ne e be vidyApIThone cInamAM prakhyAta vidyApITho jevI gaNAve che. zabdavidyA, sAhityavidyA, jyotiSavidyA, cikitsAvidyA ane abhidharmavidyAnuM zikSaNa lIdhelA vidyArthIo ahIM ucca zikSaNa mATe praveza pAmatA ne traNa varSa abhyAsa karI vidvattAmAM temaja vAdavidyAmAM vizArada banatA, samAjamAM bhAre khyAti pAmatA temaja rAjasabhAmAM ucca adhikAra prApta karatA. gujarAtamAM kSatrapakAla daramyAna zaka saMvata vaparAto, guptakAla daramyAna gupta saMvata pracalita thayo, maitrakakALa daramyAna paNa gupta saMvata pracalita rahyo, paraMtu emAM caitrAdi varSanI jagyAe kArtikAdi varSanI paddhati apanAvavAmAM AvI. A paddhativALo gupta saMvata "valabhI saMvata' tarIke oLakhAyo. dakSiNa gujarAtamAM vaLI

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gujarAtanuM ghaDatara 15 kalacuri saMvata vaparAto. maMdiromAM sthApatya-svarUpamAM pagathIbaMdhI pirAmiDa ghATanA zikharamAM sIdhI saLaMga UbhI rekhAvALAM aMga umerAtAM gayAM, jene laIne AgaLa jatAM zaMkughATanuM nAgara zailInuM zikhara vikasyuM. A kramika vikAsanA aMtarAla tabakkA saurASTramAM visAvADA, bIlezvara, sutrApADA vagerenAM maMdiromAM najare paDe che. uttara gujarAtamAM mahesANA tathA sAbarakAMThA jillAmAM paNa AvAM thoDAMka maMdira jovAmAM Ave che. devadevIonI pratimAomAM zilpakalAno spaSTa vikAsa varatAya che. gujarAtanI pUrva sImA pAse AvelI bAgha guphAonAM citromAM ajaMtA guphAonI citrazailI jevI eka viziSTa citrazailI jovA maLe che. anumaitraka kALa valabhInA maitraka rAjyanA aMta pachI gujarAtamAM evuM moTuM rAjya sthapAtAM lagabhaga doDha seko lAgyo. e daramyAna uttara gujarAtamAM paMcAsaranA cAvaDA rAjyano nAza thayo ne e pachI pacAsa varSe aNahilavADamAM vanarAja cAvaDAnA vaMzanuM rAjya pravarte, paraMtu A rAjyano pradeza ghaNo maryAdita rahyo. dakSiNa gujarAtamAM je rASTrakUTa rAjya hatuM tenI sattA have uttaramAM cheka sAbarakAMThA sudhI prasarI ne enI rAjadhAnI kheTaka(kheDA)mAM khaseDAI. dakhkhaNanA rASTrakUTa rAjA goviMdarAja-trIjAe lATamaMDala potAnA bhAI iMdrarAjane soMpyuM. ahIM iMdrarAjanI zAkhA lagabhaga eka zataka sudhI sattArUDha rahI. navamI sadInA aMtabhAgamAM vaLI ahIM dakhkhaNanA rASTrakUTa vaMzanuM sIdhuM zAsana pravarte. dakhkhaNanA rASTrakUTonA pratispardhI hatA kanojanA pratIhAro. pratIhAra nareza nAgabhaTa-bIjAnA samayathI saurASTra para pratIhAronuM Adhipatya pravarte. dakSiNa saurASTramAM eka cAlukya kuLanuM rAjya hatuM ne uttarapUrva saurASTramAM eka cApa kuLanuM. A baMne rAjyonA rAjAo kanojanA pratIhAra rAjAdhirAjonuM Adhipatya aMgIkAra karatA. pazcima saurASTramAM jayadratharvazI gaNAtA saidhava rAjAonuM rAjya cAlu rahyuM. saurASTramAM e uparAMta vALAo, cUDAsamAo vagerenAM rAjya pravartatA, AthI A kALane "anumaitraka kALa' tarIke oLakhavo prApta thAya che. rAkUTonA rAjyamAM zaka saMvata pracalita thayo. uttara gujarAtanA cAvaDA vaMzanA koI abhilekha maLyA nathI, ethI e rAjyamAM kayo saMvata pravartato e jANavA maLyuM nathI. vaDhavANanA cApa rAjyamAM paNa zaka saMvata vaparAto. saidhava rAjyamAM gupta saMvata pracalita hato. dakSiNa saurASTranA cAlukya rAjyamAM valabhI saMvata uparAMta vikrama saMvata vaparAvA lAgyo. rASTrakUTa, seMdhava vagere rAjyonAM aneka dAnazAsana maLyAM che. aNahilavADanA cAvaDA rAjAo brAhmaNone temaja jainone protsAhana

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16 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 ApatA. rASTrakUTa rAjyamAM dakhkhaNanA brAhmaNo gujarAtamAM AvI vasavA lAgyA. bauddha dharma bhAratanA bIjA ghaNA pradezonI jema A pradezamAM paNa have lagabhaga lupta thaI gayo, jyAre jaina dharmano abhyadaya thayo. gujarAtanA pradezamAM have arabo tathA anya muslimo vasavA lAgyA ne masjido baMdhAvavA lAgyA. dasamI sadInA AraMbhamAM arabonA atyAcArane laI IrAnanA keTalAka jarathostI dharmanA jatana mATe vatana tajI saurASTramAM AvyA ne dIvamAM 19 varSa rahI I. 936mAM saMjANamAM jaI vasyA. pArasI tarIke oLakhAtI A prajA AgaLa jatAM dakSiNa gujarAtamAM sthira thaI ne gujarAtI prajA sAthe dUdhamAM sAkaranI jema bhaLI gaI. A kALa daramyAna saMskRta sAhityamAM lATa dezanI viziSTa rIti ghaDAI. je lATI rIti' tarIke oLakhAI. anuprAsa alaMkAranA prakAromAM lATAnuprAsa pracalita thayo. kanojanA prasiddha kavi rAjazekhare potAnI nATikAomAM nAyikA tarIke lATadezanI rAjakanyAo pasaMda karI che ne "kAvyamImAMsAmAM jaNAvyuM che ke surASTranA loko apabhraMzayukta vacano bole che, jyAre lATadezanA loko saMskRta tajI prAkRta vize ruci dharAve che. A kALa daramyAna have saMskRta tathA prAkRtanI jema apabhraMza bhASAmAM paNa sAhitya sarjAtuM hatuM. bakhabhaTTisUri moDherAthI kanoja gayA ne gurubaMdhu rAjA Ama urphe nAgAvaloka(lagabhaga I. 752-834)no samAdara pAmyA. emaNe aneka stotra Adi kRtio racelI. A kALa daramyAna gujarAtamAM jaina AgamagraMtho para saMskRta TIkA lakhAvA lAgI. zIlAcArye lakhelI "AcArAMgasUtra" tathA "sUtrakRtAMgasUtra' paranI TIkAo upalabdha che. vizeSAvazyakabhASya' para vRtti lakhanAra koTyAcArya ane A zIlAcArya eka gaNAya che. vanarAjanA pratibodhaka zIlaguNasUri paNa A hovA saMbhave che, paraMtu prAkRtamAM "caupamahApurisacariya' racanAra zIlAMkAcArya A lAcAryathI bhinna hovAnuM jaNAya che. A caritagraMthamAM 24 tIrthakaro, 12 cakravartIo, 9 vAsudevo ane 9 prativAsudevo maLI kula 54 mahApuruSonuM carita nirUpavAmAM AvyuM che. A kALanI eka bIjI prasiddha kRti che "upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA', je bhAratIya sAhityamAM prAcIna rUpakagraMtha tarIke jANItI che. enA kartA siddharSi lATa dezanA sUrAcAryanI ziSya paraMparAmAM thayA. A kRti bhillamAlamAM I. 906mAM racAI. enI racanA saMskRta bhASAmAM karelI che ne emAM vividha bhAvone pAtrarUpe rajU karIne rasa paDe tevI rIte upadeza ApavAmAM Avyo che ne upamiti(rUpaka) dvArA bhava(saMsAra)no prapaMca darzAvyo che. punATa saMghanA AcArya hariSaNe vaDhavANamAM I. 93ramAM saMskRtamAM bRhatkathAkoza' nAme moTo kathAsaMgraha lakhyo. "bhagavatI ArAdhanA' parathI lakhAyelA A graMthamAM jaina dharmanI prabhAvanA darzAvatI 157 dharmakathA ApavAmAM AvI che.

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gujarAtanuM ghaDatara 17 udyogomAM surASTra lavaNa(mIThuM) ane kAMsA mATe jANItuM hatuM. araba lekhakoe ahIMnA bArIka kApaDanI bhAre tArIpha karI che. sulemAna sodAgara noMdhe che ke A kApaDano Akho tAko aMgUThInA gALAmAMthI pasAra thaI jAya teTalo bArIka hoya che. khaMbhAtanAM pAnAM tathA pagarakhAM mazahUra hatAM. saurASTramAM saidhava rAjyamAM aneka maMdira baMdhAyAM, jenA sthApatya-svarUpamAM nAgara zailI taraphano adhikAdhika vikAsa thato gayo. tAraMgA paranI bauddha devI varadatArAnI manohara mUrti A kALanI che. solaMkI kALa solaMkI kALa (I. 942-1304) e gujarAtano suvarNakALa hato. caulukya (solaMkI) kuLanA mULarAje aNahIlavADa pATaNamAM cAvaDA vaMzano aMta ANI je navA rAjyanI sthApanA karI te samaya jatAM uttarottara vistRta thatuM gayuM. lATa(dakSiNa gujarAta), saurASTra ane kaccha para caulukyavaMzanuM Adhipatya prasaryuM eTaluM ja nahIM, hAlanA gujarAtanI bahAra AvelA keTalAka paDozI pradezonAM rAjyo para paNa aNahilavADanA solaMkI rAjAonI ANa pravartI. A rAjAomAM siddharAja jayasiMha I. 10941143) tathA kumArapALaI.1143-1172) sahuthI pratApI rAjavIo tarIke suprasiddha che. mALavAnA paramAra rAjAo sAthenA lAMbA vigrahamAM siddharAje ajaba vijaya meLavI "avaMtInAtha'nuM biruda prApta kareluM. enA abhilekha bhInamAla, jodhapura, sAMbhara, vAMsavADA ane ujjana pradezamAM paNa maLyA che. siddharAje vidyAkalAne ghaNuM protsAhana ApeluM ne rAjyamAM aneka devAlayo tathA jaLAzayo baMdhAvelAM. siddhapurano rudramahAlaya tathA pATaNanuM sahastraliMga sarovara e enAM suprasiddha smAraka che. kumArapALanI sattA uttaramAM sAMbhara-ajamera sudhI ane pUrvamAM bhIlasA sudhI pravartatI. siddharAjanI jema kumArapALa paNa vidyAkalAne ghaNuM protsAhana Apato. siddharAjakumArapALanA samayamAM AcArya hemacaMdra vidyA tathA sAhityamAM apUrva pradAna karyuM. kumArapALa jaina dharmano prabhAvaka hato. eNe potAnA rAjyamAM amAri ghoSaNA pravartAvelI temaja aputrikAdhana japta karI levAnI prathA rada karelI. bhImadeva-bIjAnA samaya(I.1178-1242) daramyAna A rAjavaMzanI sattA zithila thaI, paraMtu vAghelA zAkhAnA rANA lavaNaprasAde tathA enA vIra putra viradhavale e rAjyane vaphAdAra rahI saMrakSita rAkhyuM. temanA mahAmAtya vastupALe tathA tejapALe tatkAlIna rAjakIya tathA sAMskRti kSetre gaNanApAtra pradAna karyA. vi. saM. 1300 I.1244)mAM mULarAjanA vaMzano aMta AvatAM dhoLakAnA rANA visaladeve aNahilavADanI gAdI saMbhALI. e solaMkI vaMzanI vAghelA zAkhAnA rANA

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18 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha: 1 viradhavalano putra hato. enA vaMzaja karNadevanA samayamAM dilhInA sulatAna alAuddIna khIlajInI phoje gujarAta para vijayI AkramaNa karyuM - pahelAM I.1299mAM ne pharI I. 1304mAM. ene laIne gujarAtamAM solaMkI rAjyano aMta Avyo ne ene sthAne dilhI saltanatanI hakUmata sthapAI. solaMkI rAjya ghaNuM vizALa hatuM ne ene vahIvaTa mATe sArasvata, satyapura(sAMcora), kaccha, saurASTra, kheTaka(kheDA), lATa(dakSiNa gujarAta), dadhipadra(dAhoda), avaMti, bhAIllasvAmIbhIlasA), medapATamevADa), aSTadazazata(AbunI AsapAsa) vagere maMDalomAM vibhakta karavAmAM AveluM. sArasvata maMDalamAM gAMbhUtA(gAMbhu), varki (vaDhiyAra), dhANada(dhANadA), viSaya(siddhapuranI AsapAsa), dahADImahesANA-kaDIkalola) vagere pathaka AvelA hatA. solaMkI rAjAo sAmAnyataH zaivadharmanA anuyAyI hatA. zrIsthala(siddhapura)no rudramahAlaya, prabhAsanuM somezvarasomanAtha)maMdira ane DabhoInuM vaidyanAtha maMdira e samayanAM zivAlayomAM jANItAM che. somanAthanA pAzupata mahaMtomAM bRhaspati ane tripurAMtaka vikhyAta che. karNadeva vAghelAnA purogAmI rAjA sAraMgadevanA samayanA zilAlekhanA maMgalAcaraNamAM jayadevanA gItagoviMdamAMno zrIkRSNanA dazAvatArane lagato zloka ApavAmAM Avyo che. sUryamaMdiromAM moDherAnuM bhavya sUryamaMdira suprasiddha che. Abu, giranAra, zatruMjaya, tAraMgA, kuMbhAriyA vagere sthaLoe AvelAM aneka suMdara derAsara A kALanAM che. siddharAjanI rAjasabhAmAM karNATakanA digaMbara kumudacaMdra ane gujarAtanA zvetAMbara devacaMdrasUri vacce vAdavivAda thatAM emAM digaMbara pakSano parAjaya thayo ne gujarAtamAM zvetAMbara saMpradAyanuM varcasva sthapAyuM. rAjA kumArapALa tathA maMtrI vastupALa jaina dharmanA prabhAvaka tarIke prasiddha che. Abu para delavADAmAM baMdhAyelAM jaina maMdiromAM bhImadeva-pahelAnA daMDanAyaka vimale baMdhAveluM AdinAthanuM maMdira tathA tejapAle baMdhAveluM neminAthanuM maMdira ArasanI manohara zilpakaLA-samRddhi mATe dezavidezamAM khyAti dharAve che. kuMbhAriyAnuM mahAvIranuM maMdira paNa vimala maMtrIe baMdhAvyuM jaNAya che. giranAra para siddharAjanA daMDanAyaka sajjane neminAthanuM paththaranuM maMdira baMdhAveluM temaja mahAmAtya vastupALe paNa eka moTo trikUTa prAsAda baMdhAvelo. tAraMgA paranuM ajitanAthanuM maMdira kumArapALe baMdhAvyuM gaNAya che. zatruMjaya para udayana maMtrInI IcchA anusAra enA putra vADmaTe AdinAthanuM paththaranuM maMdira baMdhAveluM. kumArapALe tathA vastupALa-tejapALe gujarAtamAM ThekaThekANe suMdara jinAlaya baMdhAvyAM hatAM. prabhAsanA somanAtha maMdirano A kALa daramyAna aneka vAra jIrNoddhAra thayelo. maMdironA sthApatya-svarUpamAM have saLaMga UbhI rekhAvALAM UMcAM zikhara dharAvatAM maMdironI nAgara zailI pUrNa vikAsa pAmI. enA

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gujarAtanuM ghaDatara talamAnamAM paNa garbhagRha, pradakSiNApatha, aMtarAla, gUDhamaMDapa, sabhAmaMDapa, mukhamaMDapa, toraNa, kuMDa ityAdi aneka aMgono vikAsa thayo. sejakapura tathA ghUmalInAM navalakhA maMdira, gaLatezvara(tA. ThAsarA)nuM maMdira, thAnanuM trinetrezvara maMdira vagere moTAM prAcIna maMdira paNa solaMkIkALanAM smAraka che. ajJAna lokomAM koI ne koI prasiddha yugalanI caoNrI tarIke oLakhAtAM uttuMga toraNa (kamAnadAra daravAjA) zAmaLAjI, moDherA, siddhapura, vaDanagara, kapaDavaNaja vagere aneka sthaLoe jovA maLe che. jaLAzayomAM viramagAmanuM munasara ane dhoLakAnuM malAva taLAva paNa jovAlAyaka che. killAomAM DabhoI ane jhIMjhuvADAnA killA khAsa darzanIya che. solaMkI kALanI vividha pratimAo tathA suzobhana-zilpakRtio saMkhyA temaja kaLAkauzala mATe noMdhapAtra che. graMthonI hastalikhita pratomAM sulekhanakaLA ucca chApa pADe tevI che. A kALanI prato mukhyataH tADapatra para lakhAtI. A tADapatra 0.6 thI 0.9 mITara (be thI traNa phUTa) lAMbAM, paNa pahoLAImAM mAtra 5 thI 7.5 se.mI.(bethI traNa IMca) jeTalAM ja hoya che. keTalIka pratomAM suMdara laghucitra cItarelAM hoya che. sacitra hastapratomAM pazcima bhAratanI citrakaLAnI eka viziSTa zailI najare paDe che. hastaprato lakhAvavAmAM temaja jALavavAmAM jaina samAje ghaNI kALajI rAkhelI che. 19 prajAno moTo varga khetI karato. comAsu pAka uparAMta ziyALu pAka paNa levAto. anAja uparAMta zeraDI, gaLI ane kapAsanuM vAvetara thatuM. mAMgaroLa-coravADa pradezamAM nAgaravelanAM pAna thatAM. gujarAtanuM kApaDa bharUca ane khaMbhAta baMdarathI dezavidezamAM nikAsa thatuM. cAmaDAnI suMdara cIjo dezivadezamAM mazahUra gaNAtI. gujarAtano bIjo keTaloka varga vepAravaNajamAM parAyaNa raheto. gujarAtanA vepArIo silona, jAvA, cIna vagere dezo sAthe dariyAI vepAra karatA. karoDapati zrImaMtonAM makAno upara koTidhvaja pharakato. have brAhmaNo tathA vaNikomAM peTAjJAtio pracalita thaI. lagna nAnI uMmare thatAM ne enI goThavaNa vaDIlo karatAM. zrImaMta loko be, traNa ke cAra patnI rAkhatA. pati mRtyu pAmatAM strI sAmAnyataH vaidhavya pALatI, chatAM kyAreka punarvivAha paNa karatI. evI rIte kyAreka chUTAcheDA paNa levAtA. solaMkI kALamAM gulAmIno rivAja paNa pracalita hato. samAjamAM surApAna, ghRta, vezyAgamana vagere mojazokha paNa pravartatA. utsavo, ramato tathA nATyaprayogo tarapha loko ThIkaThIka abhiruci dharAvatA. loko amAnuSI camatkAromAM tathA vahemomAM ghaNI zraddhA dharAvatA. solaMkI rAjyanI rAjadhAnI aNahilavADa pATaNamAM corAsI coka ane corAsI cauTAM hatAM. gujarAtanI prajA thoDI mahenate ghaNuM raLavAnI kuneha dharAvatI. 'gujarAta' nAma paNa A kALa daramyAna pracalita thayuM.

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20 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 jUnI gujarAtI ke gaurjara-apabhraMza bhASA tathA sAhityanAM pagaraNa A kALamAM thayAM. enI pAchaLa saMskRta-prAkRta bhASAo tathA enA vipula sAhityanI bhUmikA rahelI hatI. vidyA tathA sAhityanA vikAsamAM solaMkIkALa daramyAna iyattA tathA guNavattAmAM ghaNI gaNanApAtra pragati sadhAI. e samaye tarka (tarkazAstra tathA vAdavidyA), lakSaNa (zabdazAstra tathA bhASAtattva) ane sAhitya(kAvya tathA kAvyazAstra) e vidyA ane zikSaNanA mukhya viSaya gaNAtA. 'nyAyavanasiMha'tathA 'tarkapaMcAnana' tarIke khyAti pAmelA abhayadevasUrie siddhasena divAkaranA 'sanmatitaMrka' 52 'tattvabodhadAyinI' athavA 'vAdamahArNava' nAme TIkA lakhI emAM sarva dArzanika matonI mImAMsA karI. bhImadeva-pahelAnA samayathI aNahilavADanA vidvAno. mALavAnI dhArAnagarInA vidvAno sAthe spardhA karavA lAgyA. emaNe 'rAghavapAMDavIya' jevuM dvisaMdhAna mahAkAvya racI emAM zleSa dvArA eka bAju RSabhadevanA tathA bIjI bAju neminAthanA ciratane vaNI lIdhuM che. vaLI emaNe gadyapadyamAM 'nemircArata' paNa lakhyuM. campUmAM 'udayasuMdarIkathA' jANItI che. enA kartA kavi sohrala valabhInA kAyastha kuLanA hatA ne lATa dezamAM vasatA hatA. jinezvarasUrie 'pramANalakSaNa' ane buddhisAgarasUrie paMcagraMthI vyAkaraNa lakhyuM, je pANini, caMdra, jaineMdra, vizrAMta ane durga e pAMca vaiyAkaraNonA graMthonA AdhAre lakhAyuM che. bharUcanA kaula kavi dharme aNahilavADamAM jaina vAdivetAla zAMtyAcArya sAthe vAdavivAda karyo. enI dalIlo yarAzibhaTTanA 'tattvopaplava'mAMthI lIdhelI hatI. zAMtisUri bhImadevanI sabhAmAM 'kvIMdra' tathA 'vAdicakrI'nAM biruda pAmyA. dhArA nagarImAM jaI emaNe dhanapAlanI 'tilakamaMjarI'nuM saMzodhana karyuM ne bhojanI pAsethI 'vAdivetAla'nuM biruda prApta karyuM. zAMtisUrie uttarAdhyayanasUtra upara TIkA lakhI. karNadevanA samayamAM kAzmIranA kavi bilhaNe gujarAtamAM thoDo vakhata rahI 'karNasuMdarI' nAme nATikA racI. A nATikA pATaNamAM AdinAthanA yAtrAmahotsava prasaMge bhajavAI hatI. abhayadevasUri nAme eka bIjA sUrie jaina AgamanAM pahelAM be pachInAM nava aMgo 52 saMskRta TIkA lakhI, AthI jaina sAhityamAM e navAMgI-TIkAkAra tarIke prasiddha che. siddharAjanI rAjasabhAmAM digaMba2 kumudacaMdrano parAjaya karanAra vAdI devasUri eka moTA vidvAna hatA. emano pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra' ane enA paranI 'syAdvAdaratnAkara' TIkA jaina nyAyanA kSetramAM suprasiddha che. siddharAje 'kavicakravartI' zrIpALane potAno baMdhu gaNyo hato. e prajJAcakSu kavie sahasraliMga sarovara tathA

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gujarAtanuM ghaDatara 21 rudramahAlaya temaja AnaMdapura(vaDanagara)nA vaprane lagatI prazastio racelI. vaLI eka divasamAM vairocana-parAjya' nAme nATaka paNa raceluM. maladhArI hemacaMdrasUri zvetAMbarAcArya bhaTTAraka tarIke khyAti pAmelA. AgamonA nAmAMkita TIkAkAromAM teo gaNanApAtra sthAna dharAve che. rAjA kumArapALe ekavIsa jJAnabhaMDAra sthApyA ne potAnA jJAnabhaMDAra mATe Agama graMthanI hastaprata suvarNAkSare lakhAvI. kumArapALanA samayamAM malayigirae AgamonA bAkInA aneka graMtho 52 saMskRta TIkAo lakhI. somaprabhasUrie 'somazataka' nAme zataka kAvya, eka zatArtha zloka ane 'kumArapAlapratibodha' nAme prAkRta graMthanI racanA karI. deveMdrasUrie 'kAlikAcAryakathA' lakhI. siddharAja-kumArapALanA samayanA vidvAno tathA sAhityakAromAM hemacaMdrAcArya agrima sthAna dharAve che. siddharAjanI preraNAthI emaNe "siddhahema zabdAnuzAsana' nAme apUrva vyAkaraNa lakhyuM. siddharAje e mATe kAzmIranA zAradApIThamAMthI jarUrI graMtha maMgAvelA ne A zabdAnuzAsana taiyAra thatAM enI nakalo karAvIne enI prato bhAratavarSamAM badhe mokalI. A graMthanA pahelA sAta adhyAyomAM saMskRta vyAkaraNanuM ane AThamA adhyAyamAM pAMca prAkRta ane apabhraMza bhASAonA vyAkaraNanuM nirUpaNa kareluM che. A vyAkaraNanAM sUtronAM udAharaNa vaNI letuM tathA caulukya vaMzanA rAjAonuM carita AlekhatuM 'yAzraya' nAme mahAkAvya paNa emaNe racyuM. enA pahelA 20 sarga saMskRtamAM ne pachInA 8 sarga prAkRtamAM che. hemacaMdre 'zabdAnuzAsana'nI jema 'kAvyAnuzAsana' tathA chaMdonuzAsana' paNa lakhyAM. vaLI 'abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi' tathA 'anekArthasaMgraha' nAme saMskRta koza temaja dezInAmamAlA' nAme dezyazabdakoza taiyAra karyo. pramANamImAMsA' ane yogazAstra' paNa lakhyAM. 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita'mAM 24 tIrthaMkaro, 12 cakravartIo, 9 vAsudevo, 9 baladevo ane 9 prativAsudevo maLI kula 63 zalAkApuruSonuM cirata AlekhyuM. vItarAgastotra' nAme stotrasaMgraha paNa racyo. AvA prabhAvazALI vidvAnanA ziSyomAM rAmacaMdrasUrie 'nalavilAsa' vagere 11 nATaka racI gujarAtanAM saMskRta nATakomAM vipula phALo Apyo. rAmacaMdra ane guNacaMdre lakheluM 'nATyadarpaNa' e bhAratIya nATyazAstranA virala graMthomAM jANItuM che. devacaMdre caMdralekhAvijaya praka2Na' nAme rUpaka-nATaka racyuM. ajayapAlanA amAtya yazaHpAle raceluM moharAjaparAjya' nATaka rUpakapAtronuM prAdhAnya dharAve che. AbunA prahlAdanadeve pArthaparAkrama vyAyoga' nAme rUpakanI racanA karI, to kavi zrIpALanA pautra vijyapALe 'draupadIsvayaMvara' nATaka racyuM. A samaya daramyAna kathAnako ane ciratone lagatAM keTalAMka rasaprada pustaka

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gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 lakhAyAM. caMdramunino 'kathAkoza', jinezvarasUrino 'kathAnakakoza' ane guNacaMdragaNino 'kathAratnakoza' jevA kathAsaMgraha paNa lakhAyA. 22 solaMkI kALanA sAhityamAM hemacaMdra ane emanA ziSyamaMDaLanI jema vastupALa ane enA sAhityamaMDale paNa vipula ane amUlya phALo Apelo che. vastupALa pote kavikuMjara, kavicakravartI, kUrcAla-sarasvatI ane sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa tarIke khyAti pAmyo hato. eNe naranArAyaNAnaMda' nAme mahAkAvya racyuM che. e stotro tathA sUktio paNa racato. vastupALanI AsapAsa aneka kavio tathA vidvAnonuM sAhityamaMDaLa jAmyuM hatuM e emanI racanAonI kadara karato ne emanI sAhityapravRttione protsAhana Apato. emAMnA keTalAke to vastupALanA carita vize suMdara prazastio racI che. emAM caulukyarAja purohita somezvara agrima sthAna dharAve che. eNe 'surathotsava' ane 'kIrtikaumudI' nAme be mahAkAvya, 'ullAgharAghava' nAme nATaka, 'rAmazataka' nAme zatakakAvya, 'karNAmRtaprapA' nAme subhASitAvalI, aneka pUrvakAryone lagatI prazastio ityAdinI racanA karI che. gauDa kiva hirahara dvArA ahIM 'naiSadhIyacarata' pracalita thayuM. e mahAkAvya pa2 teramI sadImAM ahIM be TIkA lakhAI, jemAM ekano kartA vidyAdhara ane bIjIno kartA dhoLakAno caMDU paMDita hato."harihare 'zaMkhaparAbhava' nAme nATaka tathA saMkhyAbaMdha subhASita racyAM che. vIsaladevano mAnIto vidvAna nAnAka Rgveda, mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa, purANo, smRtio, kAvya, nATaka, alaMkAra ane vyAkaraNamAM nipuNa hato. e mULa AnaMdapura(vaDanagara)no nAgara brAhmaNa hato ne prabhAsamAM raheto. jyAM teNe sarasvatItIre sarasvatIsadana sthApyuM hatuM. kavi subhaTe raceluM dUtAMgada' tribhuvanapALanI AjJAthI aNahilavADamAM bhajavAyuM hatuM. amaracaMdrasUrie 'bAlabhArata', 'kAvyakalpalatA', 'alaMkAraprabodha', chandoratnAvalI', 'syAdizabdasamuccaya', 'sUktAvali', 'kalAkalApa', 'jiveMdracarita' ityAdi aneka graMtha racI vividha viSayomAM potAnI pratibhA darzAvI che. kavi tarIke e veNIkRpANa' tarIke prasiddha che. arisiMhanI kRtiomAM vastupALa vizenuM 'sukRtasaMkIrtana' suprasiddha che. udayaprabhasUri-kRta 'sukRtakIrtikallolinI' paNa vastupAlanI prazastinuM kAvya che. A kavie 'dharmAbhyudaya' nAme mahAkAvyamAM saMghapati vastupALanuM carita AlekhyuM che. vaLI 'AraMbhasiddhi' nAme jyotiSagraMtha lakhyo che. na2caMdrasUri, jemaNe vastupAlane nyAya, vyAkaraNa ane sAhityanuM zikSaNa ApeluM temaNe prAkRta vyAkaraNa vize prAkRtabodha' nAme temaja jyotiSa vize jyotisAra' nAme graMtha lakhyo. vaLI 'nyAyakaMdalI' para TippaNa lakhyuM temaja 'kathAratnAkara' nAme kathAsaMgraha lakhyo. e saMgItazAstramAM paNa kuzaLa hatA. nareMdraprabhasUrie vastupALanI vinaMtIthI 'alaMkAramahodadhi' nAme subodha

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gujarAtanuM ghaDatara 23 graMtha lakhyo. vaLI kAkusthakeli' nAme nATakanI tathA vivekapAdapa' ane vivekakalikA nAme be subhASitasaMgrahonI racanA karI. bAlacaMdrasUrie vasaMtapALa(vastupALa) vize 'vasaMtavilAsa' nAme mahAkAvya racyuM. emaNe karuNAvajAyudha' nAme nATaka paNa racyuM. jayasiMhasUrie hammIramadamardana' nAme nATakanI racanA karI. mANikyacaMdra mammaTanA kAvyaprakAza para "saMketa' nAme TIkA lakhI ne "zAMtinAthacarita' tathA pArzvanAthacarita' racyAM. tejapALa kyAreka kAvyaracanA karato. enI viduSI patnI anupamAdevI padarzanamAtA' gaNAtI. eNe eka kaMkaNa-kAvya raceluM. vastupALano putra jayaMtasiMha paNa vidyAvilAsI hato. jAlorano kavi-maMtrI yazovIra dhoLakAnA kavi-maMtrI vastupALano gADha mitra hato. UgatA kavine sahAyarUpa zikSA(sUcanA) ApatA sAhityano navo prakAra khIlyo, temAM jayamaMgalakata "kavizikSA', vinayacaMdrakRta 'kAvyazikSA ane amaracaMdrakRta kAvyakalpalatA' noMdhapAtra che. "kAvyakalpalatA" upara "kavizikSA ane parimala' nAme be svopajJa vRtti paNa che. prabaMdha' e gujarAta-mALavAno eka viziSTa sAhityaprakAra che ne khAsa karIne jaina lekhakoe kheDelo che. emAM aitihAsika anukRtione AdhAre kathAnaka lakhAyAM hoya che. jinabhadrakRta prabaMdhAvalI' e upalabdha prabaMdhasaMgrahomAM sauthI prAcIna che. prabhAcaMdrasUrinA prabhAvakacaritamAM jaina dharmanA amuka prabhAvakonAM carita AlekhAyAM che. merUtuMgAcAryano prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi' prabaMdhasaMgrahomAM sarvottama che. jinaprabhasUrikRta "vividhatIrthakalpa'mAM jaina tIrthone lagatA saMskRta-prAkRta vRttAMta Ave che. | vAghelA kALa daramyAna vastupALanA avasAna pachI gujarAtamAM je sAhityapravRttio cAlI temAM pethaDe bharAyelA sarasvatIbhaMDAro, abhayatilake hemacaMdrAcAryanA prayAzraya para lakhelI vRtti, ane malliSeNasUrie lakhelI syAdvAda-maMjarI' noMdhapAtra che. Ama gujarAtamAM prAcIna kALathI lalita sAhityamAM temaja vividha zAstromAM saMskRta tathA prAkRta bhASAmAM vipula kheDANa thatuM rahyuM temaja vidyA tathA zikSaNano paNa vikAsa thato gayo. solaMkI kALa daramyAna gaurjara apabhraMza bhASA tathA sAhityano vikAsa zarU thayo tyAre enI bhUmikArUpe vidyA tathA sAhityano A vipula vAraso rahelo hato. vidyA, zikSaNa tathA sAhityanA vikAsamAM rAjAo, amAtyo vagerenuM protsAhana paNa mahattvanuM pradAna karatuM. solaMkI kALa daramyAna A pradeza mATe "gurjara deza" ane "gujarAta' nAma pracalita thayAM tyAre zatakothI asara karatAM aneka rAjakIya tathA sAMskRtika paribaLoe gujarAtI prajAnA ghaDataramAM potAnI cokkasa chApa aMkita karI dIdhI hatI.

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24 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 saMdarbhanoMdha 1. DI. ena. vADiyA, 'gujarAtanI bhUstara-racanA' 'gujarAtanI kIrtigAthA', pR. 3-16 ane 180; ha. dhI. sAMkaLiyA, 'bhUstara-racanA' - 'gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa', graMtha 1, prakaraNa. 2 2. ha. gaM. zAstrI, bhaugolika lakSaNo' 3. ke. kA. zAstrI, 'gujarAtanI sImAo' 4. 'gurAsAMitihAsa', graMtha 1, pra. 1 'gurAsAMitihAsa', graM. 1, 5. 3 ha. dhI. sAMkaLiyA, prAgaitihAsika gujarAta' 'gujarAtanI kIrtigAthA', pR.181-94; 'prAg-aitihAsika saMskRtio'-- gurAsAMitihAsa', graM. 1, pra. 5 5. esa. Ara. rAva, 'Adya-aitihAsika saMskRtio' 'gurAsAMitihAsa', graM. 1, pra. 6-7 8. 6. su. za. zAha, 'zAryAto, bhRguo ane haihayo' - 'gurAsAMitihAsa', graM. 1, pra. 8-9 'gurAsAMitihAsa', graM. 2, pra. 4-5 tathA 11-17 7. e ja, graM.2, pra. 6-7 tathA 11-17 9. e ja, graM. 2, pra. 9 tathA 11-17 10. ha. gaM. zAstrI, 'maitrakakAlIna gujarAta', bhAga 1-2 11. 6. ke. zAstrI, gujarAtano madhyakAlIna rAjapUta itihAsa', pra. 3-5; ha. gaM. zAstrI, 'gujarAtano prAcIna itihAsa', pra. 12-13 - 12. 'gumarAitihAsa', pra. 6-22; A. K. Majumdar, The Chaulukyas of Gujarat' 13. mo. 6. desAI, jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa', pR. 191-421; R. C. Parikh, 'Introduction to the History of Gujarat as a Background to the Life & Times of Hemachandra', 'Kayausasana', Vol. II, pp. CCXLIII-CCLXII, CCXC-CCCXXX.; bho. ja. sAMDesarA, mahAmAtya vastupAlanuM sAhityamaMDaLa tathA saMskRta sAhityamAM teno phALo'; hariprasAda gaM. zAstrI, 'guprAitihAsa', pR. 252-263 D gha D

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2 gujarAtI bhASAno kuLakrama harivallabha bhAyANI bhASAo satata parivartanazIla che. bolAtI bhASAnuM svarUpa kramekrame sUkSma rIte, abhAnapaNe avirata palaTAtuM rahe che. varNo rUpo vAkyaracanA zabdabhaMDoLa arthasaMketo ne baMdhAraNa e saumAM vadhatuMochuM rUpAMtara thatuM ja rahe che. ane A rIte jema kALane anusarIne bhASAmAM vikAra thAya che tema sthaLa ane samAjabaMdhAraNane anusarIneye bhASAsvarUpamAM palaTo Ave che. amuka pradeza para ekarUpe bolAtI bhASAnI ekarUpatA jhAjho samaya bhAgye ja TakI rahe che. e pradezanAM judAMjudAM vibhAgo ane jUtho vaccenA saMbaMdha ne vyavahAra aitihAsika Arthika ne sAmAjika kAraNone lIdhI ochA thatAM, te te vibhAganA lokonI bolImAM AgavI viziSTatAo vikase che, eTale ke ekarUpe bolAtI bhASAmAMthI bolIo udbhave che. aitihAsika baLonI anukULatA maLatAM A bolIo svataMtra vyaktitvavALI bhASAo banI rahe che. - uttara bhAratanI ghaNIkharI bhASAo bhArata-yuropIya parivAranI che, eTale ke mULe ekarUpe rahelI bhArata-yuropIya bhASAnAM ja e rUpAMtara che. bhArata ane yuropamAM pracalita ghaNI bhASAonuM mULa bhArata-yuropIya che. bhArata-yuropIya parivAranI dasa zAkhA te bhArata-IrAnI, bAlTika-slAvika, ArminiAI, AlbeniAI, grIka, iTelika, selTika, jarmenika, tokhArI ane hittI. bhAratIyaIrAnInI eka upazAkhA te bhAratIya Arya - bhAratavarSamAM AvI vaselA AryonI bhASA. uttara bhAratavarSanI prAcIna samayanI saMskRta, prAkRta vagere bhASAo temaja emAMthI kALakrame udbhavelI gujarAtI, hiMdI, marAThI, baMgALI vagere arvAcIna bhASAo A bhAratIya-Arya zAkhAnI che. bhAratIya-Aryano vikAsa traNeka tabakkAomAM vaheMcato adhyayanadRSTie anukULa cheH prAcIna bhAratIya-Arya, madhyama bhAratIya-Arya ane arvAcIna bhAratIya-Arya. vaidika

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(gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 bhASA, saMskRta vagereno samAveza pahelI bhUmikAmAM, pAli prAkRto apabhraMza vagereno samAveza bIjI bhUmikAmAM, ane hiMdI baMgALI gujarAtI vagere uttara bhAratavarSanI arvAcIna bhASAono samAveza emanAM jUnAM-navAM svarUpo sAthe trIjI bhUmikAmAM thAya che. koI paNa bhASAnA vikAsanuM pUrepUruM citra taiyAra karavAno AdhAra ene mATe 'upalabdha sAdhanasAmagrInI paryAptatA para rahelo che. sAdhanasAmagrInI maryAdAthI vikAsacitra eka ke bIjI daSTie adhUruM ke khAmIbharyuM rahe che. bhASA e eka vyavahArArtha prayojAtuM pratItaMtra hovAthI enuM astitva bolanAra samUhathI alaga na hoI zake. bolanAra samUhanA jIvanamAM thatAM parivartana enI bhASAmAM paNa koI nahi ne koI svarUpe aMkita thatAM rahe che. eTale bhASA-vikAsanI sarvAgINa vicAraNA mATe bolanAra samUhanA itihAsanuM jJAna anivArya che, paNa e jJAna e mATe maLatAM sAdhanasAmagrInA svarUpa upara ja avalaMbe e dekhItuM che. eka bhASA bolanAra samUhane bIjI bhASA bolanAra samUhathI aLago rAkhe tevI spaSTa bhaugolika sImAono abhAva; rAjakIya sImADAono saMkoca-vistAra; sAdhusaMnyAsI, yAtrALuo, sainyo, saMkaTagrasta pradezanA lokasamUho, paradezI AkramaNakAro ne jAtikuLo vagerenAM cAlu bhramaNo ke sthaLAMtaro - A badhAM baLone laIne bhAratIya-AryamAM ekabIjIthI judI tarI Ave tevI spaSTarekha bolIo vikasavA ADe ThIkaThIka naDatara hatAM. ane evI alaga vyaktitva dharAvatI bolIo vikasyA pachI paNa bhASAsAmagrInI Apale vadhateoche aMze cAlu rahI. prAcIna ane madhyama bhUmikAnI bhAratIya-Arya bolIomAM AvI sAmagrInI Apale sArA pramANamAM thatI rahI hovAnuM jaNAya che. A kAraNe paNa e bolIonA svarUpanuM cokkasa Alekhana karavAnuM kAma sArI rIte muzkela banI jAya che. A vAta bIjI arvAcIna bhAratIya bhASAone temaja gujarAtInI pUrvabhUmikAne samAnapaNe lAgu paDe che. arvAcIna bhAratIya-Arya bhUmikAmAM paNa rAjakIya dhArmika ke sAhityika mahattvane laIne vraja marAThI hiMdI baMgALI jevI bhASAonI gujarAtI upara asara paDI che. samakAlIna sahajanya bolIonI arasaparasa thayelI asara uparAMta bIjI eka dizAmAMthI paNa bhAratIya-Arya samUhanI bolIonA vikAsavyApAra para prabaLa prabhAva paDato rahyo che. ziSTa vyavahAra, sAhitya ne saMskAranI bhASA tarIke saMskRta madhyama ane arvAcIna bhUmikAone satata prabhAvita karatI rahI che. vizeSa karIne arvAcIna bhUmikAmAM navatara vibhAvo darzAvavA mATe saMskRtanA akhUTa ane samRddha zabdabhaMDArano zatAbdIothI lAbha uThAvAto Avyo che, joke bIje pakSe saMskRtamAM paNa te te samayanI lokabolIonA prabhAvathI parivartana thatuM rahyuM che. saMskRta uparAMta mahArASTrI

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gujarAtI bhASAno kuLakrama 27 ane apabhraMza jevI bIjI saMskRtottha vyApaka akhila bhAratIya sAhityika bhASAo paNa samakAlIna lokabolIo para potAnI asara pADyA vinA na ja rahI hoya. eka trIjI dizAmAMthI paNa bhAratIya-AryanA itihAsane vyApaka asara satata pahoMcatI rahI che. AryonA bhAratavarSa-pravezathI mAMDIne atyAra sudhI bhAratIya-Aryano aneka bhinna parivAranI bhASAo sAthe vadhatoocho ke Achoghero saMparka rahyo che. te te bhASAbhASIonuM mukAbale saMkhyAbaLa, emano sAMskArika ke rAjakIya mobho, saMparkano avadhi vagere anusAra emanA prabhAvanI mAtrA aMge anumAna karI zakAya. RgvadanI bhASAmAM draviDI temaja kola-muMDA bhASAonA prabhAvanAM cihno hovAnuM jANakAro kahe che. pachInA samayanI vAta karIe to hAlanI gujarAtI-rAjasthAnanA pradezano saMbaMdha kALakrame betriano, zako, kSatrapo, gurjarI, hUNo, arabo, mogalo, pArasIo, kannaDabhASIo, phiraMgIo, aMgrejo vagere paradezIo-parabhASIo sAthe rahyo che. AmAM AryonA gujarAta praveza pahelAMnA ahIM vaselA AdivAsIonI bolIono paNa samAveza karavo joIe. paNa prAgarvAcIna asaronuM cokkasa svarUpa temaja pramANa nakkI karavA mATe ApaNI pAse najIvAM ja sAdhana che. gujarAtI bhASAnA vikAsanuM adhyayana karavAmAM upakAraka bane tevI gujarAtIonA itihAsanI je sAmagrI ApaNane maLe che te ghaNI ja adhUrI che. e aMge sAmAnya sUcano ane saMbhAvya aTakaLo ja moTe bhAge karavAnAM rahe che. te bhASAvikAsanA sarvadezIya nirUpaNano bolanAra samUhanA itihAsa sAthe nikaTano saMbaMdha che e kharuM, paNa eno pAyAno saMbaMdha to e bhASAne sIdhesIdhAM sparzatAM sAdhanasAmagrInA svarUpanI sAthe che. bolAtI bhASAnAM pUrvasvarUponA ApaNane maLatA aitihAsika namUnA jeTalA vipula ane jeTale aMze pratinidhirUpa hoya, tathA ene lagatI vyAkaraNa vRttAMta vagere rUpe rahelI ne AnuSaMgika purAvA tarIke kAmamAM Ave tevI sAmagrI jeTale aMze pramANabhUta ane samIkSita hoya teTale aMze bhASAnI pUrvabhUmikAono kaDIbaddha akhaMDa itihAsa racI zakAya ane aMtamAM adyatana bhUmikAno vikAsavyApAra enA vAstavika svarUpamAM samajAvI zakAya. Ane aMgenI AdhArabhUta sAdhanasAmagrInA svarUpanuM mahattva jeTaluM AMkIe teTaluM ochuM. bhAratIya-AryanA AkhAye vikAsagALAmAM enA je namUnA maLe che te, thoDA apavAdo bAda karatAM, bhASAnA bolacAlanA svarUpanA nahIM, paNa sAhityika svarUpanA che. bolInA vAstavika svarUpa sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA namUnA bhAgye ja jaLavAyA che. jaLavAyelI bhASA ghaNuMkharuM sAhityika ja che - ane e vizeSe karIne AlaMkArika, rUDha temaja pAyAnI jIvaMta bolI mRta banI gayA pachI kRtrima svarUpamAM sadIo sudhI viziSTa varge jIvatI rAkhelI e svarUpanI che. AmAM prAcIna bhUmikAnuM sAhitya

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28 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 vipula che. madhyama bhUmikAnA bhASAbhedomAM nibaddha sAhitya emano saMtoSaprada khyAla ApavA mATe taddana aparyApta che. gujarAtI bhUmikAnA prAcIna ane madhyama tabakkA mATe seMkaDo kRtio ane hastaprato jaLavAI rahI che, jo ke AraMbhanA samayamAM racAI hoya tevI kRtio ghaNI thoDI che. paMdaramI zatAbdIthI saMkhyAbaMdha kRtio ApaNane maLe che. saMskRtanA svarUpanA vaijJAnika adhyayana mATe to bIjuM eka amUlya sAdhana paNa upalabdha che. pANini ane enA purogAmIonI asAdhAraNa vyAkaraNI pratibhAne pariNAme saMskRtanuM sUkSmatama pRthakkaraNa ane kaDakamAM kaDaka zAstrIya paddhatine AdhAre taiyAra thayeluM samakAlIna varNana ApaNane maLe che, paNa pAli prAkRta ke apabhraMzano prAcIna bhAratIya vaiyAkaraNoe Apelo vRttAMta tulanAe taddana uparacoTiyo, sthULa ane paddhatidoSathI bharelo che. e svAyatta vRttAMta nathI, paNa saMskRtathI Itara sAhityabhASAo je vigatomAM judI paDatI te vigatonuM vyAvahArika prayojanathI kareluM tAraNa che. arvAcIna bhUmikAnI koI bolInuM sAcuM-khoTuM varNana karavAno paNa prAcInoe prayAsa nathI karyo, auktikomAM maLatI AchIpAtaLI sAmagrInA apavAde. prAcIna ane madhyama gujarAtI bhUmikA pUratA pracura namUnA maLe che ema upara jaNAvyuM che, paNa enAthI bahu harakhAvA jevuM nathI, kemake emAMthI amuka kRtionI ja racanAnAM cokkasa samaya ane sthaLa ApaNe jANIe chIe, bAkInI kRtio mATe e cokkasa kayA sthaLe racAI eno nirNaya karavAnuM koI sAdhana nathI; jyAre temanA racanAsamaya aMge to sApekSa rIte aTakaLa karavA sivAya vizeSa kazuM kahI zakAya ema nathI. paNa racanA samaya ane sthaLane lagatI cokkasa mAhitInA abhAva karatAM bIjI eka gaMbhIra khAmIne lIdhe prAgarvAcIna gujarAtInA bharapUra jaLavAyelA namUnAonuM mUlya ApaNe mATe ochuM thaI jAya che. ghaNIkharI kRtionI hastaprato emanA racanA samaya karatAM eka-be ke ethIye vadhAre zatAbdIo pachInI che. bIjA zabdomAM kahIe to kRtinA racanAsamaya ane enI maLatI hastapratonA pratilipisamaya vacce ghaNuMkharuM ThIkaThIka aMtara raheluM che. sAthe vyAkaraNasthApita dhoraNa ane ziSTarUDha svarUpanI aspaSTatAne lIdhe sAhityamAM prayukta bhASA paNa bolacAlanI bhASAmAM thaye jatA pheraphAronuM vadhateoche aMze pratibiMba pADatI rahetI. kRti jema lokapriya tema A maryAdA ene vadhu lAgu paDe. trIjI bAju, lekhanapaddhati mATe dhoraNa nizcita na thayuM hovAthI, sUkSmapaNe badalAye jatA uccAraNane vyakta karavAnA adhakacarA prayatnone kAraNe jabarI garabaDa UbhI thaI hatI, AthI lahiyAne hAthe jANatAMajANatAM pratilipiprApta kRtinI bhASAne potAnI bolIno pAsa apAto ne

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gujarAtI bhASAno kuLakrama 29 pariNAme racanAsamaya ne pratilipisamaya vacce aMtara hoya tyAre e kRtinI bhASAmAM mULanA aMzonI ane mukAbale arvAcIna aMzonI aniyaMtrita bheLaseLa anivArya banatI. abhAnapaNe AvuM thatuM hoya tyAM mULanAM uccAraNa ne rU5 yathAtatha jALavI rAkhavAnI ke temane sthAne thoDAka pheravALAM navAM uccAraNa ne rUpa mUkI devAnI bAbatamAM sAva ataMtratA pravartatI. AmAM judAjudA bolIpradezamAM thatI amuka eka kRtinI pratilipiomAM sthAnika aMzo paNa pravezatA ane pariNAme bhASAnuM mULa svarUpa vadhu seLabheLiyuM banatuM. eTale sauthI pahelAM to, prAcIna gujarAtI lekhanapaddhatinA adhyayana dvArA tathA arvAcIna gujarAtInI vyavasthAne paDache, hastapratonI bhASAnA prAcIna, arvAcIna ane sthAnika aMzone judA pADavAnAM dhoraNa nizcita karavAnuM ane temano upayoga karIne kRtiono samIkSita graMthapATha taiyAra karavAnuM prAraMbhika kArya thaI jAya, e pachI ja prAcIna gujarAtI bhASAsAmagrIneaitihAsika vikAsa tapAsavA mATe - pUrI chUTathI upayogamAM laI zakAya. AMtarika punarghaTanA tathA tulanAtmaka paddhatino paNa A mATe Avazyaka upayoga karAya. samagrapaNe ke samayasamayanI prAcIna gujarAtInuM aitihAsika draSTie adhyayana karavA icchanAra, enAM AdhArabhUta sAdhanasAmagrInI A maryAdAo ane mulavaNI najara sAme rAkhIne ja, pravRtta thavAnuM rahe che. gujarAtI bhASA ApaNe gujarAtI bhASAnI vAta karIe chIe tyAre ApaNA manamAM bIjI badhI bhASAothI bhinna hoya tevI eka bhASAno khyAla hoya che. bhinna eTale potAnA AgavA svarUpathI, alAyadA vyaktitvathI bIjI bhASAothI judI paDI AvatI. gujarAtIne A vyaktitva kyArathI maLyuM? e pahelAMthI ja siddha hatuM? ApaNe jANIe chIe ke bhASAnAM uddabhava ne astitva samAjane kAraNe che. pariNAme bhASAnuM vyaktitva enA samAjanA vyaktitva upara nirbhara hoya che. vyaktinA vyaktitva jeTaluM koI sAmAjika jUthanuM vyaktitva sukha ne nirbheLapaNe alaga tAravI zakAya tevuM nathI hotuM e kharuM, paNa spaSTa-aspaSTa rUpamAM ApaNe ene oLakhatA hoIe chIe e paNa eTaluM ja kharuM; vANiyo ne sonI, suratI ne amadAvAdI, hiMdu ne muslima vagerenI lokajIbhe tAravI ApelI khAsiyato saune jANItI che. * sAmAjika jUthanA vyaktitvano pAyo enI raheNIkaraNInI viziSTatAmAM hoya * arvAcIna gujarAtImAMnA sAmAjika bolIbhedo paratve juo A graMthanA prakaraNa 3 gujarAtI bhASAnAM vidhAyaka paribaLono trIjo khaMDa.

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30 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 che. eka jUtha ane bIjA jUtha vacce paheraveza, rItiravAja, khAnapAna, bolI, mAnasika valaNo vagere jevI bAbatomAM ughADo pharaka hoya che, - ne e pharaka paNa AjakAlano nahi, paNa paraMparAthI baMdhAto Avelo. dareka sAmAjika jUthanA sabhyone ApasamAM sAMdhanArI kaDIo te bIjI koI nahi, paNa AvI samAna sAMskRtika viziSTatAo ja che. samayesamaye pravartelAM aitihAsika bhaugolika ne Arthika paribaLothI e viziSTatAo uddabhave che ne jUthabhAvanA pragaTa bhAna sAthe poSAtI jAya che. A rIte baMdhAtA sAmAjika vyaktitvamAM bhASA e sauthI upara tarI AvatuM bhedaka lakSaNa bane che. A dRSTie samajI zakAze ke gujarAtI samAjanuM ane enA anuSaMge gujarAtI bhASAnuM vyaktitva samayanA pravAha sAthe uttarottara siddha thatuM AvyuM hoIne, jemajema saMparkanI mAtrA ochI thaI gaI tematema, kramekrame ja, gujarAta pradezanA loko bhAratavarSanA bIjA pradezonA lokothI raheNIkaraNImAM judA paDatA gayA hoya ane gujarAtI samAja tathA bhASAnuM AgavuM vyaktitva vikasyuM hoya. A prakriyA sarvasAmAnya che, eTale ke e bIjI bhAratIya bhASAo ne samAjonA vikAsa paratve paNa samajavAnI che. e gujarAtIno udgama temaja vikAsa keTaleka aMze anya uttarabhAratIya bhASAo sAthe nikaTapaNe saMkaLAyelA hovAthI, spaSTa citra upasAvavA mATe temane alagarUpe nahi, paNa samagranA saMdarbhamAM ja jovAnA raheze. prAcIna bolIbhedo IsavI sana pUrve paMdaraso varasanA arasAmAM jyAre Aryoe bhAratavarSamAM praveza karyo tyAre bhAratamAM judAMjudAM traNeka kuLonI bhASA bolatA loko vaselA hatA. uttara-pUrva ane pUrva sarahada 52 cInI tibbatI bolIo, madhya bhAratanI muMDA bolIo ane dakSiNa bhAratanI drAviDI bolIo. drAviDIbhASI loko e veLA uttara bhAratavarSamAM paNa amuka aMze vaselA hatA. haDappA saMskRtIsaMdhu saMskRti)nA lokonI, vizeSe gujarAtamAMnI lothala vagere haDappIya saMskRtinI vasAhatonI, bhASA drAviDI hatI ke bIjI koI, eno nirNaya hajI thaI zakyo nathI. gujarAtInuM mULa 'trIjI peDhIe' AryonI bhASAmAM raheluM che. badhA Aryo ekasAthe bhAratavarSamAM na AvyA hoya, paNa judejude samaye amuka ToLIonA jaththA AvatA rahyA hoya e samajI zakAya che. eTale bhAratavarSamAM AvI vaselA AryonI bhASA sAva ekarUpa hovA karatAM te vadhatoocho bolIbheda dharAvatI hovAno ghaNo saMbhava. ane bIjI rIte paNa e mATe thoDAka purAvA pAchaLathI maLe che. bhAratavarSamAM AvelA Adima AryomAM sAmAjika bheda anusAra judAjudA

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gujarAtI bhASAno kuLakrama 31 staranAM traNa bhASAsvarUpa pracalita hatAM. devatAnAM stotro ke sUkto tathA anya dhArmika kAvyo racavA mATe brAhmaNo-purohito eka khAsa (ne mukAbale prAcIna, ane anyathA kAlagrasta) bhASAsvarUpa vAparatA. Rgveda vagerenI vaidika bhASA e teno jaLavAI rahelo namUno che. A uparAMta brAhmaNo tathA anya ucca vargomAM ziSTa vyavahAra ane adhyayana-adhyApana mATe eka evuM bhASAsvarUpa vaparAtuM, je sUktonI bhASAthI vadhu AgaLa vadheluM, vadhu arvAcIna hatuM. A be sivAya trIjuM bhASAsvarUpa sAmAnya janatAmAM nityanA vyavahAra mATe vaparAtuM, je uparyukta bIjA svarUpathI paNa vadhu parivartana pAmeluM hatuM. AmAMnuM bIjuM svarUpa pachIthI 'saMskRta' bhASA tarIke sthira thAya che, ane trIjA svarUpano madhyadeza ane pazcima kAMThe pravartato bheda, zatAbdIo pachI, sAhityika zaurasenI prAkRtanI AdhArazilA bane che. bhASAnuM sAhityika svarUpa baMdhiyAra banatuM jAya che. bolacAlanuM svarUpa ja parivartanazIla hoya che. e anusAra samaya jatAM Aryo paMjAba ne gaMgAyamunAnA doAbamAM thaIne pUrva tarapha bihA2 sudhI vistaryA tematema emanI bolIomAM prAdezika bhedo spaSTa svarUpa pakaDatA gayA. brAhmaNa graMthomAM udIcya(uttarano), madhyadezIya(eTale hAlanA madhyapradezano nahi, paNa gaMgAyamunAnA doAbano) ne prAcya(pUrvano) evA bhASAbhedonA ullekha che. I. pUrve chaThThI-pAMcamI zatAbdImAM madhyadezIya bhASAnA ziSTa vyavahA2mAM vaparAtA rUDha svarUpane niyamabaddha karavAnA prayatna thayA che. evA prayatna pANininA vyAkaraNamAM aMtima kakSA siddha kare che, ane upara kahyuM tema, 'saMskRta' nAme e bhASAprakAra madhyapradezanA sAMskArika varcasane kA2Ne vadhu ne vadhu prasAra pAmato rahI sarvakAlIna gauravano bhAgI bane che. bhAratIya-AryanI madhyama bhUmikAno paNa AraMbha Isu pUrve chaThThI sadI lagabhaga thayo hato. e arasAmAM buddhe ane mahAvIre emanA samayamAM paMDito ane ziSTa vargamAM pracalita saMskRta bhASAmAM upadeza nahi karatAM sAmAnya janatAnI nityanA vyavahAranI bhASAmAM upadeza ane pracAra karavAnuM pasaMda karyuM hatuM. A rIte saMskRtanI jema pUrvanA pradezanI eka janabolIne paNa pratiSThA ane gaurava maLyAM. pUrvanI e mAgadhInI jema madhyadezanI, uttaranI tathA pazcimanI janabolIo paNa AgavA svarUpe vikasI rahI hatI. tyArathI bhAratIya Arya bhASAonI bIjI bhUmikA - 'prAkRta' bhUmikA AraMbhAya che. IsavI sana pUrve trIjI zatAbdImAM azokanA zilAlekhonI bhASAmAM ApaNane tatkAlIna bolIonuM sthULa citra chatAM paNa amuka aMze vAstavika-citra prathamavAra jovA maLe che. emAM pragaTa rIte pUrvanI, pazcimanI ane uttaranI bolIo tAravI zakAya che.

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32 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 giranAranI azokakAlIna bhASA azokanA giranAranA zilAlekhanI bhASA amuka aMze e samayanI pazcimanI bolInuM pratinidhitva kare che. pachInA samayamAM giranAramAM ja maLatA kSatrapa rudradAmAnA ane guptarAjA skaMdaguptanA lekho sUcave che ke rAjakIya dRSTie saurASTra pradezanuM mahattva mauryakALathI laIne guptakALa sudhI satata TakI rahyuM hatuM, ane pariNAme e pradezanI lokabhASA paNa vyApaka paribaLonA prabhAva nIce ghaDAtI rahetI hatI. giranAranA azokalekhanI bhASAnI keTalIka lAkSaNikatAo TheTha gujarAtI sudhI UtarI AvI che e jotAM ApaNe mATe e lekhanuM mahattva A dRSTie paNa asAdhAraNa che. azokakAlIna paurastya bolInA virodhamAM pazcimanI bolImAM , tra, pra, sa jevA rakAravALA vyaMjanasaMyoga jALavI rAkhavAnuM prabaLa valaNa hatuM. paurastya bolImAM AvA saMyogomAM kAra sArUpya pAmyo che lupta thayo che. atizrRta (saM. atinti), parAkrama, putra, mitra, tri, travaza (saM. yovazana), prarA, prajJA, pravAsa, prALa, prapotra, brAhmaNa, kSamaNa (saM. zrama) suSuptA (saM. suzrUSA), zruMgAru (saM. zRLeyu:) vagere udAharaNo giranAra-lekhamAMthI ApI zakAya.` A valaNa pachIthI paNa keTalIka prAkRta bolIomAM ane vizeSe apabhraMzanA pAyAmAM rahelI bolIomAM pravartatuM rahyuM che ane gujarAtImAM mULanA saMyukta rakArane jALavI rAkhatA saMkhyAbaMdha zabda che; jemake 'traNa,' 'trIza', 'vakaro','pataruM,' 'pAtarI,' 'parANe,' 'pariyA,' 'bhAdaravo,' 'bhatrIjo,' dharo,' darAkha,' 'dAdara,' 'haLadara,' 'bhAdara,' 'sAbaramatI,' 'kodarA,' 'goMdaDuM,' 'chattara,' chatarI,' 'cItaravuM,' 'nAtaruM,' 'pariyANa,' 'paraba,' 'varu,' trApo,' 'vaitaruM,' 'khatrI,' khetara,' 'pAdara,' 'vadara' ('bhAyAvadara' vageremAM.), 'oda' ('vaDodaruM' vageremAM), 'caMdaravo' vagere vagere. uparyukta zabdone maLatA hiMdI vagere anya arvAcIna bhASAonA zabda kAra vinAnA che e jotAM gujarAtInI A lAkSaNikatA tarata ja pratIta thaze. e ja pramANe gi2nA2lekhanI bhASAmAM saptamI ekavacanamAM pratyaya ndhi che, jyAre bIjI samakAlIna bolIomAM si ke svi che. A pratyaya hiM ane rdi rUpe apabhraMza, prAcIna gujarAtI ane madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sudhI UtarI Avyo che. giranAranA dhammandi, gartyandinuM pratinidhitva apabhraMzamAM dhardi, astvanni kare che, ane jUnI gujarAtImAM paNa hAiihaM, mAiitta jevAM rUponuM calaNa hatuM. nA vla dvArA thayelA tra(be', 'bIjuM", bAraNuM,' bAruM') vagereno paNa kadAca A saMbaMdhamAM ullekha thaI zake. A rIte girinagaranI azokakAlIna bolI ane arvAcIna gujarAtI vacce taddana AchuMpAtaLuM saMbaMdhasUtra sthApI zakAya che kharuM.

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gujarAtI bhASAno kuLakrama 33 sAhityika prAkRto ane lokabolIo sAhityika prAkRto ghaNuMkharuM to atyaMta rUDha svarUpanI, ane sthAnika chAyAvALA saMskRtanA pAThabhedo' jevI hovAthI temAM samakAlIna prAdezika bolIonuM tattva bahu ochuM maLe che. kRtrimANe temane eka ja DhAMcAmAM DhALI dIdhelI che eTale kvacit kaLAtA AchApAtaLA saMketo uparathI aTakaLo karavAnI rahe che. IsavI sananI bIjI zatAbdI lagabhagano kevaLa eka ja zabdano purAvo e samayanI gujarAtInI bolI keTalIka bAbatamAM to AjanI gujarAtInI paraMparAe pUrvaja haze evuM ApaNane kahI jAya che. IsavI sana bIjI zatAbdImAM grIka bhASAmAM lakhAyelo dariyAI pravAsanoMdhano graMtha periplasa" e samayanA bharUcanA bArAnuM varNana karatAM kahe che ke e paradezI vahANo mATe jokhamI hovAthI narmadAnA mukha AgaLa tyAMnA rAjAe bhomiyA tarIke kAma karatA mAchImArone rokelA hoya che, je "trappaga ane koTiba' nAmathI oLakhAtAM vahANomAM TheTha saurASTranA kAMThA sudhI jaIne paradezI vahANone saMbhALapUrvaka bharUcanA baMdare laI Ave che. periplasamAM bharUcanuM e samayanI khAravAonI bhASAmAM je nAmasvarUpa hatuM - "bharugajha' - te ja grIka uccAraNamAM "barugajha' eve rUpe rajU karyuM che. A sAthe pAli "bharukaccha' sarakhAvI zakAya. paNa khAsa dhyAnapAtra to che samudrI patha-pradarzako je viziSTa prakAranAM vahANa vAparatA te - "trappaga ane koTiMba' - atyAre "trApo' ane 'koTiyuM nAme jANItAM che. IsavI cothI zatAbdImAM prAkRtamAM racAyelA jaina zAstragraMtha "aMgavijjAmAM "tapraka' ane "koTiMbano madhyama kadanAM jaLa-vAno tarIke ullekha che, ane prAkRta sAhityamAM 'tampaya', to hemacaMdranI dezInamAlAmAM "koTiMba' maLe che. paNa periplasamAM rakArane jALavI rAkhatuM, sthAnika prAkRta svarUpa "trapagI ApeluM che, "tapaga' nahi, ane e acUkapaNe puravAra kare che ke tatkAlIna vyavahArabhASAmAM e zabda lAkSaNika rIte "trathI zarU thayo hato, ane e atyAranA gujarAtI "bApA" zabdano sIdhI rekhAe vaDavo hato. Ama IsavI sananA AraMbhanI AsapAsanI zatAbdIonI saurASTra ane lATanI bolInAM koIkoI lakSaNono je sahejasAja aNasAra maLe che te pachI ApaNane pAMcamI-chaThThI zatAbdI sudhI gujarAtanI ke enI sAthe bhASAdaSTie saMbaddha pradezanI viziSTa bhASA vize kazuM jANavA maLatuM nathI. samayanA vItavA sAthe prAdezika viziSTatAnuM pramANa vadhatuM jAya che ane bolIono AkAra baMdhAto jAya che. IsavI trIjI-cothI zatAbdInI bhASAviSayaka paristhitino kAMIka khyAla ApaNane bharatanA 'nATyazAstra uparathI maLe che. nATakanA upayoganI daSTie emAM gaNAvelI sAta bolIo te mAgadhI ne prAcyA pUrvanI), zaurasenI madhyanI), AvaMtI madhya ane

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34 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 pazcimanI mizra), ardhamAgadhI (pUrva ne madhyanI mizra), bAlhIkI (uttaranI), ane dAkSiNAtyA (dakSiNa-pazcimanI). A uparAMta AbhIra, cAMDAla, vagere pradezanA bolIbhedonI paNa ekAda lakSaNavALI noMdha ApI che. A pachInA gALA mATe maitraka rAjAonAM dAnazAsanomAM AvatAM keTalAMka sthaLanAmonA svarUpa 52thI ApaNe samakAlIna uccAraNanI thoDIka jhAMkhI karI zakIe. saMghadAsanI 'vasudevahiMDI,' jinabhadranA 'vizeSAvazyaka-bhASya' Adi graMtho vagerenI prAkRta para - thoDAka viziSTa zabdo ane prayogo rUpe - je sthAnika prabhAvanI chAyA varatAya te paNa kAmamAM Ave. hyuenatsaMga ane itsiMganI pazcima bhAratane lagatI pravAsanoMdhomAM te-te pradezanI bolIo vize nakkara sAmagrIrUpe kazI mAhitI nathI. hemacaMdranI "dezInAmamAlA"mAM pUrvavartI zatAbdIonI zabdasAmagrI saMcita hoIne vacagALAnI zatAbdIonI bolIonI thoDIka sAmagrInuM pageruM temAM maLe kharuM. apabhraMzano udgama pAMcamI-chaThThI zatAbdInA arasAmAM pazcima kAMThAnI ane madhyadezanI lokabolIonA AMzika mizraNavALI eka navI sAhityabhASA pracalita banI. e bhASA te apabhraMza. apabhraMzane lagatA prAcInatama ullekha IsavI pAMcamI sadIthI bahu AgaLa jatA nathI. sAtamI sadIno bANabhaTTa 'bhASAkavi'no ullekha kare che. chaThThI sadIno valabhIno rAjA maitraka guhasena saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza ema traNe bhASAomAM sAhityaracanA karato evo moDenA samayano ullekha che. pAMcamI sadInA jaina mAhArASTrI bhASAnA graMtha vasudevahiMDI'mAMnA eka padyamAM keTalAMka viziSTapaNe apabhraMza rUpa vaparAyelAM che. e pahelAMnA keTalAka bauddha graMthonI mizra ke saMkara saMskRta 52 ane pAMcamI sadI pachInA jaina mAhArASTrI graMtha 'paumacariya'nI bhASA para tatkAlIna lokabolInI, apabhraMzane maLatI, asara che. A upa2thI IsavI pAMcamI-chaThThI zatAbdI lagabhaga apabhraMza bhASA saMskRta ane prAkRtanI haroLamAM besavAne pAtra eka sAhityabhASA tarIke pratiSThita thaI cUkI hatI ema cokkasa kahI zakAya. maitraka rAjAonI rAjadhAnI valabhI vaidika, jaina ane bauddha dharmanuM tathA vidyAnuM keMdra hatI. devardhvigaNi, bhaTTi ane kadAca sthiramati, guNamati vagere aneka AcAryo ane kavioe tyAM rahIne sAhityaracanA karelI che. rAjasthAna-pradezamAM paNa brahmagupta, haribhadra, udyotana vagere prakhara vidvAno thayA. e samayamAM rAjasthAna, gujarAta ane mALavAmAM saMskRta, mAhArASTrI, ardhamAgadhI, pAli ane apabhraMzanuM adhyayana-adhyApana sArA pramANamAM thatuM. navamI zatAbdI sudhImAM apabhraMzanuM sAhityabhASA lekhe varcasva

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gujarAtI bhASAno kuLakrama 35 ghaNuM vadhI gayuM. pazcimanA ane madhya bhAratanA saMkhyAbaMdha jaina kavioe zatAbdIo sudhI apabhraMza sAhityanuM nirmANa karyuM che. navamI zatAbdIno kavi rAjazekhara pazcima taraphano pradeza (gujarAta, rAjasthAna, mALavA, vagere) apabhraMza kavionuM sthAna hovAnuM sUcita kare che. apabhraMza vizenI carcAmAM eka hakIkata satata lakSamAM rAkhavAnI che ke prAkRta vyAkaraNakAroe je apabhraMzanuM varNana karyuM che ane je ApaNane vipula apabhraMza sAhityanI kRtiomAM maLe che te apabhraMzabhASA prAkRtonI jema ja, eka kRtrima sAhityabhASA hatI. sAhityika prAkRtanuM keTaloka pheraphAra pAmeluM svarUpa te ja sAhityika apabhraMza. paNa A pheraphAranA mULamAM lokabolIono prabhAva hato ane e prabhAva satata vadhato rahyo e dRSTie apabhraMzanuM ghaNuM ja mahattva che. prAkRtanI jema ja apabhraMzabhASA paNa sAhityamAM atyaMta rUDhibaddha banI gaI, paNa bIjI tarapha vadhu ne vadhu bolInAM tattva grahaNa karatuM enuM laukika svarUpa paNa vikasatuM gayuM. prAdezika bhASAmAM sAhitya racavAnuM valaNa to IsavI sananI bIjI sahasrAbdInA AraMbhe udbhave che, paNa e pahelAM paNa, apabhraMzabhASA lokabolIo ta2pha pramANamAM vadhu abhimukha rahI hovAthI, bhAratIya-Arya bhASAonA itihAsa mATe enuM mUlya ghaNuM che. chatAM paNa e bhUlavAnuM nathI ke prAkRta temaja apabhraMza sAhitya 'lokasAhitya' nathI ja. bhASA, zailI, racanA ane bhAvanA badhI dRSTie jUja apavAde, e saMskRtanA jevuM ane jeTaluM vidagdha janoe vidagdha jano mATe raceluM ucca ziSTa sAhitya ja che. e sAhityamAM maLatI prAkRta ane apabhraMzabhASA paNa lokabhASAo nathI ja. - gujarAtInI vikAsa-paraMparA vyAkaraNa, zabdabhaMDoLa, prayogo, sAhityazailI, chaMdoracanA ane sAhityasvarUpo e badhI bAbatomAM gujarAtI-rAjasthAnI-hiMdI vagerene apabhraMzano bharapUra vAraso maLelo che. sAhityika bhASA 52 prAkRta ane saMskRtanuM je moTuM bhAraNa che te bAda karIne 'zuddha' apabhraMzane anulakSIne vAta karIe to tarata ja joI zakAze ke pazcimanA saMparkathI bhAratIya bhASAonuM arvAcIna samayamAM AMtiraka temaja bAhya navavidhAna thayuM te pahelAMnA ApaNI bhASAonA svarUpamAM apabhraMzanuM lagAtAra anusaMdhAna hatuM. zabdaracanA, samAsa, nAmika ane AkhyAtika rUparacanA, vAkyanI laDhaNo ane rUDhoktio e badhI bAbatamAM apabhraMzanAM valaNa ane paraMparA jUnI gujarAtI ane madhyakAlIna gujarAtI dvArA arvAcIna samaya sudhI atUTa cAlyAM AvyAM che. navavidhAna avazya thayuM che ane sArA pramANamAM thayuM che, paraMtu e

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36 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 apabhraMzakAlIna bhoMyanI upara thayuM che e paNa spaSTa che. zabdaracanAnuM taMtra temaja vibhaktitaMtra ghasAI gayuM, samAsaracanAnI zakti kuMThita banI, pariNAme zabdasAdhaka aneka navA pratyaya vikasyA, anugo vaDe vibhaktisaMbaMdho vyakta karatI vyavasthA UbhI thaI, vAkyaracanAnuM mahattva vadhyuM ane emAM zabdavinyAsanI niyata bhAto UpasavA lAgI. kALanI ane kriyAvasthAnI vividha arthachAyAo vyakta karatAM saMyukta rUpo ane nAmanI sAthe thoDAMka sarvasAmAnya arthamAM kriyAvAcaka pada joDIne abhivyaktinI amaryAda kSamatA siddha karatA prayogonuM varcasa vadhavA lAgyuM. bhASAnuM zliSTa padaracanAvALuM svarUpa apabhraMzottara kALamAM krame karIne sArA pramANamAM vizliSTa banI gayuM. prAkRta vyAkaraNakAromAM sAhityika upayoga mATe prAraMbhamAM cAra mukhya prAkRto gaNAvavAnI eka paraMparA hatI : zaurasenI, mAgadhI, mAhArASTrI ne paizAcI. pachIthI AmAM apabhraMzane paNa bheLavatA. paNa bolIonA vikAsanI dRSTie joIe to sAtama-AThamI zatAbdI lagabhaga siMdha-paMjAbanI bolIonuM jUtha tathA pahADI bolIonuM jUtha pazcima ane madhyanA zaurasenI bolIjUthathI alaga paDI gayuM mAnI zakAya. ane AgaLa jatAM dasamI zatAbdI sudhImAM zaurasenI jUtha paNa madhyama ne pazcimI ema be zAkhAmAM phaMTAyuM - e zAkhAo hiMdI jUtha ane rAjasthAnI-mALavIgujarAtI jUtha tarIke ApaNane jANItI che.' AThamI zatAbdImAM thayelA uddyotanasUri prAkRta kathAgraMtha "kuvalayamAlAmAM madhyapradeza, Takka(paMjAba), siMdhu, maru, mAlava, gurjara ne lATanA vepArIonI bolIo judIjudI hovAno nirdeza kare che, paNa e nirdeza bAra gAue bolI badalAya' evA arthanA bolIbhedane anulakSIne hoya e ghaNuM saMbhavita che. apabhraMzanI vAta karIe to, hemacaMdranAM keTalAMka udAharaNapadyonI apabhraMza bhASA svayaMbhU (navamI zatAbdInA uttarArdha), puSpadaMta (dasamI zatAbdI) vagerenA ucca apabhraMzanI tulanAe arvAcIna hovA uparAMta, enuM khAsa mahattva to e rIte che ke e eka mizra bhUmikA rajU karatI jaNAya che. emAM prathamAnAM ukArAMta ne AkArAMta rUpo (gujarAtI "ghoDau-ghoDo', hiMdI "ghoDA'), makAra avikRta ne makArano vaMkAra (gujarAtI nAma,' hiMdI banAvai'), vakAranI jALavaNI ne vakArano lopa (guja. "dIvo', hiMdI diyA'), iuvALAM temaja ivALAM saMbaMdhaka bhUtakRdaMto (guja. kariu-karI', hiMdI kari-kara') vagere jevAM lakSaNa sAthosAtha maLe che, je pAchaLathI rAjasthAnI-gujarAtI ane hiMdI bolIo mATe lAkSaNika banI jAya che. hemacaMdranAM udAharaNomAM apAyelA mAlavapati muMjaracita apabhraMza duhA tathA caulukya kALanI pATaNa ane dhArA vaccenI sAhityika tathA vidyAcAturyanI spardhA A daSTie

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gujarAtI bhASAno kuLakrama 37 sUcaka che. ne tevI ja sUcaka che hiMdI ne gujarAtI-mAravADI vaccenI aneka dezya ne taLapadA zabdonI, rUponI ne rUDhoktionI samAnatA je samAnatA uparakahyA apabhraMzanA samAna vArasAne ja AbhArI che. - zabdabhaMDoLanA viSayamAM eka khAsa noMdhavA jevI viziSTatA e che ke prAkRta vyAkaraNoe jemane dezya' ke dezI' evuM nAma ApyuM che, te zabdono pracAra prAkRta karatAM apabhraMzamAM ane enAthI anekagaNo pachInI bhUmikAmAM thayo che. 'dezya' eTale vastutaH to evA zabda je prAkRtamAM-apabhraMzamAM pravartatAM sAdAM ane vadhu vyApaka dhvanivalaNonI nIce sahelAIthI na AvatA hoya, je zabdanuM pUrvarUpa saMskRtamAM ke enI pUrva bhUmikAmAM na jaLavAI rahyuM hoya, je zabda drAviDI vagere bhAratavarSanI Aryetara bhASAomAMthI athavA to bhAratavarSanI bahAranI paradezI jAtionI bhASAmAMthI AvyA hoya, athavA to chevaTe jeonuM mULa ajJAta hoya. pUrvabhUmikA-kaho ke jananI - lekhe apabhraMzanI gujarAtI hiMdI jevI arvAcIna bhUmikAnI bhASAo sAthe AMtarika nikaTatA hovA chatAM bAhya dehe e eka madhyama bhAratIya-Arya bhASA ja che, jyAre gujarAtI vagere bhASAo arvAcIna bhAratIyaArya bhUmikAnI che. apabhraMzano prabhAva - apabhraMzaraMgI zabdo, laDhaNo ne rUDhiprayogo to paMdaramIsoLamI zatAbdI sudhI sAhityakSetre vaparAtAM rahyAM che, paNa bAramI zatAbdIthI ja ApaNane rAjasthAna gujarAta mALavAnA pradezanI taLapadI bolIonI spaSTa chApa dharAvatI bhASAmAM sAhitya maLavA lAge che. dasamI zatAbdI pachI uttarabhAratIya bolIonI je navI - trIjI bhUmikA maMDAya che tenI e hakIkata dyotaka che. ukta samagra pradezanI bhASA sAhityika prayojana pUratI ekarUpa gaNI zakAya ema hatuM. narasiMha, bhAlaNa, gaNapati vagere jevA jema ApaNA taLagujarAtanA sAhityakAra tema 'kAnhaDade prabaMdha'no kartA padmanAbha, mIrAM vagere jevAM ApaNA ja taLa rAjapUtAnAnAM sAhityakAra, ane gujarAtInA jaina rAsAkAro ne gadyakAromAMthI aneke gujarAtamAM rahIne, to aneke rAjapUtAnAmAM rahIne, potAnI lekhanapravRtti karI hovAnuM jANItuM che. 'gujarAta' nAmakaraNa 'gujarAtI' nAmanA mULamAM 'gujarAta' e prAdezika saMjJA che. 'gujarAta'nuM prAcIna rUpa hatuM 'gujjarattA'(saMskRta banAveluM rUpa 'gurjaratrA' ke 'gUrjaratrA'), ne eno artha hato 'gurjara loko,' 'gurjara lokono samUha' ane pachI 'gurjaronA adhikAra nIceno pradeza.' mULe paradezI jaNAtA gurjaro (ke gUrjaro) sAtamI zatAbdI sudhImAM to Arya prajAmAM bhaLIne ekarUpa thaI gayelA. paNa jyArejyAre koI paNa paradezI

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38 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 jUtha samayAMtare bIjA bhinna bhASAbhASI moTA jUthamAM bhaLI jAya che ane potAnI bhASA ane raheNIkaraNI tajI daI krame karIne bIjI apanAve che tyAretyAre tyajI dIdhelI bhASA ne raheNIkaraNI potAnI vadhatIochI chApa mUkI gayA vinA rahetI nathI. tadanusAra prAcIna gurjaronI mULa bhASA paNa atratya bhASA para potAnA thoDAka saMskAra mUkyA vinA na ja rahI hoya. gujarAtI zabdabhaMDoLamAM rahelA dezya zabdomAMthI je aMza Itara bhAratIya bhASAomAM nathI maLato - gujarAtIno ja lAkSaNika aMza che, tene amuka aMze gurjaronI mULa bhASA sAthe ThIkaThIka levAdevA hoya ema mAnavuM vadhAre paDatuM nathI. gurjarabhASAnI lAkSaNikatA prAcIna gurjarabhASAne enI pUrvabhUmikAthI judI pADatAM lakSaNa vyavahAradaSTie nIce pramANe ApI zakAya : - dhvanivikAsanA viSayamAM, (1) pUrva bhUmikAmAM AraMbhAyeluM dIrgha vyaMjanone hRsva karavAnuM anusvArano anunAsika karavAnuM) ane sAthosAtha prathamAkSara pUratuM pUrvavartI hRsva svara dIrgha karavAnuM valaNa have TharIne ThAma thAya che. "satta' jevA uccArane sthAne "sAta' jevo uccAra saMbhaLAto thAya che. bIjI paNa ghaNI navya bhAratIyaArya bhASAo mATe A valaNa lAkSaNika che. khullA akSaro bolavAnI A khAsiyatathI prAcIna gujarAtI vageremAM, saMskRtamAM hatA tevA, svarAMtargata ekavaDA sparza vyaMjana pharI pracAramAM Ave che ane pariNAme saMskRta zabdone teonA adhikRta rUpamAM apanAvavA zakya bane che. (AgalI bhUmikAmAM, svIkRta saMskRta zabdo amuka dhvanivikAra sAthe ja vAparI zakAtA.) bIjAM dhvanivalaNomAM (2) amuka dhvanisaMdarbhamAM hakAra ne vakArano lopa, (3) aMtya ukArano akAra, (4) saMparkamAM rahelA svarono saMkoca, e gaNAvI zakAya. rUpavikAsanA viSayamAM, AgaLanA vibhaktitaMtranI vicchinnatA, anugono vadhato jato vaparAza ane temane saMbaMdha eka sAmAnya rUpano vikAsa, sahAyaka kriyApadonI ane kRdaMtamUlaka kALonI racanA, ane karmaNi pratyaya vagere jevA navatara prayogo lAkSaNika rIte dhyAna kheMce che. zabdabhaMDoLamAM aneka navatara zabdonA bharaNA uparAMta ravAnukArI ane dvirukta ghaDataranA zabdonuM pramANa ghaNuM vadhI jAya che. A badhAM lakSaNo je bhASA dharAvatI jaNAya tene ja arvAcIna bhUmikAnI kahevAya. prAcIna gurjara bhASAnI AraMbhanI kRtio vajasenakRta bharatezvara-bAhubali-ghora' (I.1169 lagabhaga), zAlibhadrakRta "bharatezvara-bAhubali-rAsa' ( 1185), dharmakRta jabUsAmicaritra (i. 1210) ane vijayasenasUrikRta revaMtagirirAsu (I. 1230

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gujarAtI bhASAno kuLakama 39 AsapAsa) che. A kRtionI bhASA uparanI kasoTIe arvAcIna bhUmikAnI jaNAya che. kvacit navamI-dasamI sadInI apabhraMzamAM paNa koIkoI zabdamAM bevaDA vyaMjanane ekavaDo karavAnuM ne tenI pUrvenA hasva svarane dIrgha karavAnuM valaNa che, paNa tyAM A valaNa phuTakaLa zabdomAM jovA maLe che, jyAre uparyukta kRtiomAM e vyApakapaNe ane daDhamULa thayeluM joI zakAya che. tevI ja rIte viziSTa anugono vaparAza apabhraMza bhUmikAthI zarU thaI gayo che, paNa prAcIna gujarAtInI upara gaNAvelI kRtiomAM teno upayoga bahoLA pramANamAM ane lAkSaNika rUpe thayo che. Ama prAcIna gujarAtI bAramI sadInA uttarArdhamAM to sAhityabhASA tarIke vaparAtI thaI gaI hatI. uparAMta hemacaMdrIya apabhraMzane paNa arvAcInatAno pAsa lAgelo che e lakSamAM letAM bolacAlanA vyavahAramAM bAramI sadInA AraMbhathI ke e pahelAM pacIsapacAsa varasathI arvAcIna bhUmikA astitvamAM AvI gaI gaNAya. gUrjarabhASAnuM vibhAjana caudamI zatAbdI pachIthI rAjasthAnI-mALavI jUthanA be phAMTA paDe che : eka tarapha jayapurI ne bIjI tarapha gujarAtI-mAravADI-mALavI. A bIjo phAMTo paMdaramI zatAbdI lagabhaga judIjudI traNa zAkhAomAM vibhakta thavA lAge che. e zAkhAo te mAravADI, mALavI ne gujarAtI. napuMsakaliMganI jALavaNI ane bIjAM keTalAMka lakSaNo jatAM arvAcIna gujarAtI vadhu aMze pUrvaparaMparAne vaLagI rahI hovAnuM kahI zakAya. bIjuM e ke pazcima rAjapUtAnA ane uttara gujarAtano ghaNo-kharo pradeza saMyukta rIte AThamIthI agiyAramI zatAbdI vacce 'gujjarattA' "gurjaratrA' nAme jANIto hato, eTale e pradezamAM samAnapaNe pracalita bhASAne jUnI pazcima rAjasthAnI ke "mArugurjara eve nave nAme oLakhavA karatAM prAcIna gurjara' kahevI vadhu yogya lAge che. paNa kharA svarUpane lakSamAM rAkhIe to nAmanuM evuM koI mahattva nathI. A IsavI bAramI sadIno AraMbha e gujarAtInA uddagama mATe ApelI samayamaryAdA abhyAsadaSTie ja sAcI gaNAya. bAkI to bhASAmAM aviratapaNe parivartana thayA karatuM hoya che. enI gati pramANamAM dhImI ane svarUpa sUkSma ane kramika hovAthI e parivartana tatkAlIna najare caDatuM nathI. bhASA bolanAra lokone to potAnI bhASA sadAne mATe eka ja rUpe bolAtI hovAno bhrama rahe che. uccAraNamAM paDato jato sUkSma pharaka, zabdonI dhImedhIme badalAtI jatI arthachAyA, pracalita zabdono vaparAzalopa ane navatara zabdono pracAra, prayogonI caDatI paDatI - A parivartanono peTALamAM vaheto pravAha bhASA bolanAranA lakSanI bahAra rahe che, paNa poNoso ke so varasa jeTalA aMtare rahelA be bhASAnamUnA tapAsatAM thayeluM parivartana ApaNe tarata

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40 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 pakaDI zakIe chIe. jema ApaNI AMkha sAme satata rahetA mANasamAM thato pheraphAra ApaNe kaLI zakatA nathI, paNa dasapaMdara varasane aMtare ekanI eka vyaktine jotAM tenAmAM thayelo pheraphAra tarata ja daSTigocara thAya che, tevuM ja bhASAnuM che. Ama hovAthI koI paNa bhASAnA itihAsamAM amuka coksa samaye AgalI bhUmikA zarU thaI ema bhAgye ja kahI zakAya paNa bhASAmAM thatAM parivartanonI gati ekadhArI nathI hotI. aitihAsika kAraNone laIne amuka eka gALAmAM bhASAmAM pramANamAM thoDA pheraphAra thatA hoya, to bIjo samayano gALo evo hoya, jemAM bhASAnAM vividha aMgomAM vipula pramANamAM palaTo Ave. jyAre parivartananAM saMkhyAbaMdha valaNo amuka samayanA gALAmAM apekSAe sthira thayelAM jovAmAM Ave tyAre bhASAnI navI bhUmikA siddha thaI ema gaNAvI zakAya. navI bhUmikAnI tulanAmAM AgalI bhUmikA pUrI thAya ane bIjI bhUmikA siddha thAya e vacce haMmezA saMkrAMtino gALo svIkAravAno hoya che, jemAM keTalIka bAbatamAM AgalI bhUmikAnAM valaNa ane pAchalI bhUmikAnAM valaNa sAthosAtha pravartatAM hoya che. e dRSTie IsavI agiyAramI sadI lagabhagathI uttara gujarAta ane mAravADanA pradezanI bhASAmAM arvAcIna valaNo prabaLa thayAM hovAnuM ane IsavI bAramI sadImAM e valaNo sthira thayAM hovAnuM ApaNe mAnIzuM to e sayuktika gaNAze. prAcIna gujarAtI ApaNI pAse prAcIna gujarAtInI TheTha bAramI sadI lagabhaganI kRtio hovAthI ApaNe gujarAtInA udgamano samaya kAMIka cokkasAI sAthe TharAvI zakyA. uttara bhAratavarSanI arvAcIna bhUmikAnI ghaNI bhASAonuM sAhitya ATaluM vaheluM nathI maLatuM, kemake sAhityabhASA tarIke rUDha thayelI bhASAne badale bolacAlanI bhASA sAhityaracanA mATe vaparAya evuM asAdhAraNa saMjogomAM ja banatuM. apabhraMza jevI sadIothI pratiSThita sAhityabhASAnI tulanAmAM bolacAlanI bhASA grAmya gaNAya, ane emAM sAhitya racavAnuM koInI kalpanAmAM paNa na Ave. paNa apabhraMzamAM kamekrame "grAmya' tattvonuM bharaNuM thatuM gayuM eTale ziSTa apabhraMzanI sAthosAtha A grAmya' tattvovALo - eTale ke bolacAlanI bhASAnI seLabheLavALo uttarakAlIna apabhraMza paNa sAhityaracanA mATe vaparAto thayo. uparAMta gujarAtanA jaino(ane bauddho)mAM pahelethI ja sAmAnya janatAnI madhyamavarganI bhASAmAM sAhitya racavAno praghAta hovAthI emaNe apabhraMzanI thoDIka chAMTavALI lokabolImAM ja sAhitya racavA mAMDyuM. prAcInatama gujarAtI kRtio jaina lekhakonI che enuM eka kAraNa A che. prAcIna samayathI ja gujarAta aneka paradezI jAtionA vadhatAochA ne - AchAgADhA saMparkamAM rahyuM che. dariyAkAMThAnA ane vANijya priya hovAne kAraNe

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gujarAtI bhASAno kuLakrama 41 gujarAtIonI bhASAmAM anyAnya bhASAomAMthI sAmagrInI AyAta thatI rahI hoya e samajI zakAya tema che. dasamI zatAbdI sudhImAM grIko, zaka-kSatrapo, hUNo, gurjarI jevI videzI jAtio sthaLAMtara karIne gujarAtamAM AvI ane keTalIka jAtioe rAjakIya varcasa prApta karyuM. emanI bolIomAMthI keTalIkane apanAvIne gujarAtanI lokabhASA samRddha banatI rahI. pachInA samayamAM muslimo dvArA gujarAtI upara arabIphArasIno ghaNo dUragAmI prabhAva paDyo ane khAsa karIne gujarAtI zabdabhaMDoLane A saMparkathI ghaNI asara pahoMcI. hiMdI ne marAThI ne phiraMgI asaroe paNa Aja dizAmAM kAma karyuM. paNa aMgrejInA saMparkathI to gujarAtInI kAyApalaTa thaI gaI. vicAranI sAthosAtha vAkyanAM DhALA ne laDhaNo dharamULathI palaTAI gayAM ne buddhi ne tarkanA bhArane jhIlatuM gadya vikasyuM. bIjI daSTie, IsavI sananA AraMbhathI ahIMnA loko yathAprApta saMskRta prAtA apabhraMza ne dezI bhASAmAM sAhityapravRtti karatA rahyA hovAthI temanI bhASAne saMskAranuM poSaNa satata maLyA karyuM che ane vyAvahArika uparAMta sAMskArika jIvananI sUkSma ane anekavidha AvazyakatAone pahoMcI vaLavAnI kSamatA te khIlavatI rahI che. bolIbhedono vikAsa prAcIna gujarAtamAM Anarta (uttara), lATa (dakSiNa), surASTra jevA viziSTa nAma dharAvatA vibhAgo hatA. maurya, kSatrapa ane gupta, maitraka ane gurjarapratihAra, rASTrakUTa, caulukya ane vAghelA, tathA muslima - e vividha yugo daramyAna AkhuM gujarAta hamezAM koI eka ja rAjakIya varcasa nIce nathI rahyuM, enA judAjudA vibhAgo upara avAranavAra juduM juduM rAjazAsana paNa rahetuM hatuM. bIjI tarapha, ItihAsanA vividha gALA daramyAna uttaranI sarahade mAravADa ane siMdhanI sAthe, pUrvamAM mALavA sAthe, to dakSiNamAM khAnadeza ane mahArASTra sAthe gujarAtano gADha sAMskRtika saMbaMdha - kvacit ocho, kvacit vadhu paNa satata - rahyo che. sAMskRtika dRSTie te te dizAmAM cokkasa sImADA doravAnuM hamezAM ochuMvadhatuM muzkela rahyuM che. trIjI tarapha, gujarAtanA Arthika, rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika jIvanamAM pravAsapravaNa vepAravaNaja karanAra varga ane vihAradharmI jaina sAdhuono varga ghaNo prabhAvaka rahyo che. AvAM paribaLo ane paristhitine pariNAme, gujarAtImAM potapotAnI amuka lAkSaNikatAvALA bolIbhedo vikasyA hovA chatAM temanAM svarUpomAM evI kazI ugra vibhAjakatA jaNAtI nathI ane temanuM AgavApaNuM vyApaka vyavahAra mATenuM eka mAnya bhASAsvarUpa vikasavAnI ADe AvyuM nathI. rAjakIya, sAMskRtika ane vyApArI keMdronI bolIo bheLaseLavALI ane

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42 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 prasaraNazIla hoya che ane evAM sthaLo prAdezika bolIkeMdrono mobho prApta kare che. aitihAsika kALa daramyAna gujarAtanAM AvAM mukhya keMdromAM uttara gujarAtamAM, rAjasthAnanuM bhillamAla bhAMgatAM aNahillapura pATaNa (caulukyakALa), madhya gujarAtamAM, pATaNa bhAMgatAM, amadAvAda (muslimakALa), dakSiNa gujarAtamAM bharUca (mauryakALathI rASTrakUTakALa sudhI) tathA surata (muslima ane arvAcInakALa); saurASTramAM soraThamAM girinagara ane prabhAsa mauryakALathI caulukyakALa); gohIlavADamAM valabhI (maitrakakALa); khAlAvADamAM vardhamAnapura-vaDhavANa (gurjarapratihArakALa); hAlAramAM dvArakA (kSatrapakALathI) ane jAmanagara (jeThavA-zAsanathI). A hakIkato dhyAnamAM rAkhatAM uttara gujarAtI, carotarI, dakSiNa gujarAtI, ane saurASTrI (soraThI, gohIlavADI, jhAlAvADI, hAlArI) evA sAdhAraNa rIte gaNAvAtA gujarAtInA vyApaka bolIvibhAgo samajI zakAze. bolInI dRSTie kaccha siMdhano ja vistAra che - kacchImAM gujarAtInAM tattvonuM sAruM evuM bharaNuM ke bhAraNa hovA chatAM svarUpe to te siMdhInI ja eka bolI che. A prAdezika bolIo uparAMta keTalAka sAmAjika bolIbhedo paNa noMdha mAgI le che. AdivAsI komo ane pachAta jAtionI bolIomAM bhIlo, codharA, dUbaLA, khAravA, koLI, vAghera, bAraiyA, mera, bharavADa vagerenI bolIono nirdeza karI zakAya. bIjI komomAM pA2sIonI tathA vahorA vagere muslima komonI bolIo dhyAna kheMce tevI lAkSaNikatAo dharAve che. gujarAtanI bahAranI koI gujarAtI bolI vize ApaNI pAse pramANabhUta mAhitI nathI. khAnadezI, AhIrANI, mAravADI ane nimADInA keTalAka prakAro vagere gujarAtanI sarahadI bolIone to eka judI ja koTimAM mUkavI paDe. te sivAya tamiLabhASI madurAnA saurASTrI brAhmaNonI AgavI bolI-dakSiNanI saurASTrI, haidarAbAdI laMbADI ke lamANI, yuropanA vividha pradezonI jipsI bolIo, soviyeTa raziyA nIcenA madhya eziyAnA pradezanI pAryA' bolI vagereno saMbaMdha aitihAsika dRSTie rAjasthAnI-gujarAtInI sAthe hovA chatAM te bolIonuM AjanuM svarUpa jotAM temane gujarAtInI bolIo na ja gaNI zakAya. to bhAratIya upakhaMDanA anya pradezomAM ane bhAratavarSanI bahAranA eziyA ane AphrikAnA vividha pradezomAM lAMbA samayathI vasavATa karI rahelA gujarAtIbhASI samUhomAMthI koInI bolI noMdhapAtra rIte taLa gujarAta-saurASTranI bolIothI phaMTAI che ke kema enI koIe tapAsa karI nathI. bolIbhedonI dRSTie gujarAtInuM adhyayana griarsananA prAraMbhika paNa vyApaka prayAsa pachI khAsa AgaLa vadhyuM nathI. mAravADa taraphanI sarahadanI keTalIka sarahadI

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gujarAtI bhASAno kuLakrama 43 bolIo, pUrvanI sarahadapAranI vAgaDI, hAlArI ane carotarI, tathA bhIlI, caudharI vAgherI ane vAgharI - A bolIono amuka aMze abhyAsa thayo che, paNa samagrapaNe ane vigate gujarAtI bolIonuM Adhunika paddhatinuM sarvekSaNa ghaNuM jaTila kAma hoIne te hajI sudhI askRSTa rahyuM che.' ogaNIsamI zatAbdInA uttarArdhathI pAzcAtya saMparkane pariNAme, aMgrejI zAsana nIce, zikSaNa sAhitya ane anya sAMskRtika prayojano mATe vyApaka vyavahAranI AjanI ziSTa' ke mAnya gujarAtI vikasI. madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhitya, keTalAka saMtabhakta kavione bAda karatAM, ghaNuMkharuM to brAhmaNo ane jaina sAdhuoe kheDyuM che. arvAcIna yugamAM paNa prAraMbhe brAhmaNo (nAgaro vagere) tathA kAyasthoe mAnya gujarAtInA ghaDataramAM mahattvano bhAga bhajavyo che. temanI pAse praziSTa temaja laukika sAhityanA adhyayana ane nirmANanI dIrgha pUrvaparaMparA hatI eTale arvAcIna mAnya gujarAtInA ghaDataramAM amadAvAda, surata, bhAvanagara, vaDhavANa AdimAMthI koI eka ke vadhu pradezanI bolIe adhiSThAnano bhAga bhajavyo hoya to paNa amuka aMze prAdezika maryAdAthI aliptapaNe amuka suzikSita komomAM sacavAyelI rUDha bhASAprayogonI paraMparAe paNa sAro evo phALo Apyo haze ema lAge che. prAgarvAcIna sAhitya dvArA sUcavAtuM amuka prakAranuM gujarAtInuM vyApaka-aprAdezika svarUpa arvAcIna samayamAM vividha ane saMkula paribaLothI vikasyuM hovAnA saMketo che, paNa viziSTa saMzodhana pachI ja A aMge cokkasa vidhAno : karI zakAya. zaherI suzikSita varganA sAhitya, zikSaNa, akhabAro, nATaka, reDiyo Adi vyavahAromAM vaparAtI AjanI mAnya gujarAtInuM svarUpa sArA pramANamAM zithila, pravAhI, bheLaseLiyuM ane aniyata che. ane jema jema zikSaNano tathA sAmudAyika saMdezAvyavahAranAM mAdhyamono phelAvo vadhato jAya che ane nAgarika jIvananI dareka kakSAe gujarAtI vaparAtI thAya che tematema A zithilatA ane dhoraNano anAgraha ke anAdara vyAvahArika temaja arthasaMkramaNanI vadhu gUMco ane vadhu muzkelIo UbhI karatAM jAya che. uccAraNa, vyAkaraNa ane zabdaprayoganAM sArvatrika dhoraNo have sthapAvAM jarUrI che. mAnya gujarAtInI Adhunika saMskArajIvananA sAdhana lekhenI kSamatA vadhavAne badale ghaTavAnAM spaSTa cila varatAI rahyAM che.

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44 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha: 1 saMdarbhanoMdha 1. Woolner, A.C., "Asoka Text md Glossary", 1924, bhAga 1, bhUmikA, pR. 21; bhAga 2, zabdakozamAM te te zabdo; Bloch, Jules, "Indo-Aryan (translated by Master, A.) 1965, pR. 88-89, rakAravALA vyaMjanasaMyogonA Shelzt zu gzuil, Ghatage, A. M., Historical Linguistics and Indo Arjun Languages', 1962, pR. 123-129. 2. Bhayani, H. C. 'Middle-Indo-Aryan Groups of consonants with unassimilated -r' Annals of BORI graMtha. 31. 1951, pR. 225-232. 3. A aMge juo, bhAyANI, ha. cU, zodha ane svAdhyAya', 1965, pR. 424-427 ane tyAM ApelA saMdarbho. 4. bhAratIya-AryanA itihAsamAM bolIonA kramika vibhAjana mATe juo A graMthamAM, prabodha paMDitano lekha. (prakaraNa : 3) 5. apabhraMzanA svarUpa mATe ane hemacaMdra udhUta karelAM apabhraMza udAharaNonA vyAkaraNa mATe juo, harivallabha bhAyANI, 'apabhraMza vyAkaraNa: 1971, pR. 1-51. 6. A saMbaMdhamAM zAMtilAla AcAryano aprasiddha mahAnibaMdha "A Linguistic Study of Halari Dialect' tathA A graMthamAM prabodha paMDitano lekha mahattvanAM pradAna che.

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3 gujarAtI bhASAnAM vidhAyaka paribaLo prabodha paMDita gujarAtI bhASAnI aitihAsika bhUmikAonA A vihaMgAvalokanane nIcenA traNa khaMDomAM prastuta kareluM che : (1) bhAratIya AryabhASAomAM gujarAtInuM sthAna, (2) gujarAtI bhASAnA itihAsanAM mukhya sImAcilo ane (3) sAmAjika paribaLono bhASAparivartana upara prabhAva. (1) bhAratIya bhASAomAM gujarAtInuM sthAna : aitihAsika rIte bhAratavarSanI badhI bhAratIya ArSabhASAono eka mAtra prAcInatama namUno te vRMda; RgvadamAM sacavAyelI bhASA bolanAra eka bhASAsamAja kALakrame je aneka bhASAsamAjomAM parivartita ane parivardhita thayo te badhA atyAranI bhAratIya AryabhASAonA bhASAsamAja. A eka prAcIna bhASAnAM anugAmI arvAcIna svarUpa nIce pramANe che : yuropa ane eziyAmAM bolAtI jipsI bhASAo, hiMdukuza pahADonI vastIomAM bolAtI darada bhASAo ane kAzmIrI (e paNa darada bhASA ja che), pazcima pahADI (janasarI, bhadravAhI I.), madhya pahADI (kumAvanI, gaDhavAlI, i.), pUrvIpahADI (nepALI), paMjAbI, lahaMdA, siMdhI, kacchI, AsAmI, baMgALI, uDiyA, magahI, maithilI, bhojapurI, avadhI, hiMdI, vraja, buMdelakhaMDI, bAMgaDu, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI, marAThI, koMkaNI ane laMkAmAM bolatI siMhalI ane A bhASAonI peTAbhASAo - bhASAonAM A bhinnabhinna abhidhAna koI bhaugolika sImAonAM sUcaka nathI, A abhidhAno bhASAsvarUpanI saMkula bhAtanAM bhinnabhinna lakSaNo ( bhinnabhinna kALe bhinnabhinna sthaLomAM upasthita thatAM lakSaNo)ne pariNAme eka bhASAsvarUpa aneka bhASAsvarUpomAM kevI rIte palaTAyuM e svarUponAM sUcaka che.

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46 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 koI paNa eka bhASAsamAjamAM eka parivartanane pariNAme jo evI paristhiti pedA thAya ke eka vibhAgamAM eka zabda mATe # ghaTaka vAparavA paDe, jyAre bIjA vibhAgamAM e ja zabda mATe 3 + 1 ghaTaka vAparavA paDe tyAre ema kahI zakAya ke dhvanighaTakagata parivartana thayuM che, baMne vibhAgomAM dhvanighaTakanI bhAta judI paDI che ane tadanusArI vyAkaraNI vyavasthA judI paDI che, arthAt, dhvanighaTakagata parivartanane pariNAme eka bhASAsamAjamAMthI be bhASAsamAja thayA che. bhAratIya AryabhASAno prAcIna bhASAsamAja eka hato emAMthI kALakrame je bhinnabhinna bhASAsamAja pedA thayA temane ApaNe dhvanighaTakonA kramazaH parivartana dvArA anumAnI zakIe. A bhASAsamAjamAM nIcenAM dhvanighaTakagata parivartano thatAM, arvAcIna darada bhASAo, pahADI bhASAo, paMjAbI, lahaMdA ane siMdhInuM purogAmI bhASAjUtha (jene uttarapazcima bhASAjUtha kahI zakAya, te) juduM paDayuM : (1) anunAsika + ghoSa vyaMjana > darada bhASAomAM, siMdhI ane pahADImAM ekavaDo anunAsika ane paMjAbI ane laheMdAmAM bevaDo anunAsika. udAharaNa : saM. 6 - siM. 1, paM. nA, la. vAnAM, pahADI vaDa, hiM. mAMDI, gu. mAMDuM, ma. phrAMDa, A. ra, baM. vAM, U. , siMhalI DaDyuM, kA. #AMDa, darada M, ne. (2) anunAsika + aghoSa vyaMjana > anunAsika + ghoSa vyaMjana udAharaNa : saM. vaTavA - siM. inDo, paM. la. rDo, pahADI(nepALI, veDo, hiMma. phAMTA, gu. To, baM. vAMTa, U. TA, siMhalI, Tuva, kA. , darada-jipsI. no. A parivartanonI AnupUrvI spaSTa che : pahelAM parivartana(1) thayuM haze ane tyArabAda ja parivartana(2) thayuM haze. 3. uttarapazcimanA A bhASAjUthamAM saMvRta akSaramAM rahelA svaro emanuM kAlamAna jALave che. (pR = hasva svara, y = dIrgha svara; C = vyaMjana). anyatra VCC athavA VCC baMneno vikAsa VC thAya che. (sivAya ke siMhalImAM; siMhalImAM svara ane vyaMjana baMne hasva thAya che, jyAre A uttarapazcimanA jUthamAM VCC > VC athavA VCC, ane CC >VC ema vikAsa thAya che. uttarapazcimanA jUthamAM, avAranavAra pahADI bhASAomAM madhyadezanI bhASAo jevAM lakSaNa najare

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gujarAtI bhASAnAM vidhAyaka paribaLo 47 caDe che enuM mukhya kAraNa e che ke pahADI bhASAo bolanArI prajA mULa uttarapazcimanA pradezomAMnuM potAnuM nivAsasthAna mUkIne pUrvanA himAlayanI khINonA pradezomAM vasavA lAgI ane gaMgA-jamanA pradezamAM rahenArI prajAonA nikaTanA saMbaMdhamAM AvI.' udAharaNa : saM. 2vara -si. rata, paM. la. ratta, (nepALI) pahADI rAto, hiM. ma. A. ba. U. rAtA, gu. rAtuM, siMhalI. rata, kA. rata. saM. rAtri - si. rAti, 5. la. pahADI, hiM. gu. ma. rAta, A. U. rati, ba. rAta, siMhalI rAya, kA. ratha. A traNa parivartanone AdhAre uttarapazcima jUthanuM anumAna thaI zake che. mULa bhASAparivArathI juduM paDyA bAda emAM anya parivartano thatAM uttarapazcima jUthanAM je peTAjUtho paDyAM, e nIce pramANe sUcavI zakAyaH prApha paMjAbI-lahaMdha-siMdhI-pahADI-darada (uttarapazcima jUtha) * prApha paMjAbI-lahaMdAnasiMdhI | | | prAka paMjAbI-lahaMdA pahADI bhASAo darada bhASAo sidhI siMdhI ) kacchI lahaMdA paMjAbI darada bhASAo nIcenAM lakSaNothI aLagI thAya che : (1) svarAMtargata asaMyukta sparza vyaMjanonA lopanA abhAvathI (anyatra, bIjI badhI bhAratIya AryabhASAomAM lopa thAya che, (2) saMyukta vyaMjanonA viziSTa vikAsathI, (3) ukhavyaMjanonA viziSTa vikAsathI, - arthAt sa, za ane SanA bhedane koI ne koI svarUpe jALavI rAkhavAthI anyatra A traNa varSo be athavA eka thaI jAya che.), (4) mahAprANa vyaMjanonA abhAvathI (kAzmIrImAM aMtyasthAnamAM AvelA

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48 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 aghoSa alpaprANa sparzo mahAprANa thAya che. ane AthI enAM nAmanAM rUpAkhyAnomAM prathamA ekavacananA rUpamAM sparzavyaMjanAMta nAmika aMga mahAprANavALuM hoya che. ane e ja aMganuM caturthI ekavacananuM rUpa caturthInA -asa pratyayane lIdhe sparzavyaMjanAMta na rahetuM hovAthI alpaprANavALuM hoya che. udA. : nAmika aMga -tAr (taDako) prathamA e. va. tA, caturthI e. va. tApas; nAmika aMga rat- (lohI) prathamA e. va. rotha, caturthI e. va. rata), (5) daMtya-mUrdhanyanA bhedanA abhAvathI. ema anumAna karI zakAya ke A lakSaNomAMthI 4 ane 5 no vikAsa thavAmAM dada bhASAo upa2 IrAnI bolIono prabhAva paDyo haze. IrAnI bolIomAM mahAprANa sparzono abhAva temaja daMtyamUrdhanyano abhAva che ane IrAnI bolIonA bhaugolika saMdarbhamAM ja darada bhASAo vikasI che. darada bhASAomAM eka kAzmIrI ja evI bhASA che ke je enA itihAsanA uttarakALamAM, kAzmIra saMskRtanA abhyAsanuM mahattvanuM keMdra banavAthI, saMskRta-prAkRta paraMparAnI bIjI bhAratIya Arya bhASAonA saMparkamAM AvI. pahADI bhASAono itihAsa (e jUtha kevI rIte ane kyAre anyothI aLaguM paDyuM) hajI jhINavaTathI tapAsAyo nathI; pahADI prajAo emanAM potAnAM uttarapUrvanAM nivAsasthAnomAMthI khasatIkhasatI dUra pUrvanI khINomAM patharAI javAthI enAM uttarakAlIna parivartano upara bIjI aneka bhASAono prabhAva paDyo che. bAkI rahela uttara-pazcima jUthanI prAk-paMjAbI-lahaMdA-siMdhImAMthI siMdhI (ane keTaleka aMze dakSiNa lahaMdAnI keTalIka bolIo) nIcenAM lakSaNothI aLagI paDe che H (1)AdisthAnamAM ane svarAMtargata sthAnamAM AvelA ghoSa daMtyo > aMtaHprANita mUrdhanyo thAya che. svarAMtargata sthAnamAM AvelA -6- mAMno daMtya 6 TakI rahe che e uparanA niyamano eka peTA niyama gaNavo. taduparAMta, r pahelAM AvelA aghoSa daMtya sparza ta no mUrdhanya Ta thAya che. (A parivartanone lIdhe, siMdhImAM daMtya sparzonI vastI ghaNI ochI thaI gaI e joI zakAya che.) (2)AdisthAnamAM AvelA asaMyukta TM, na, Da ane va tathA svAMtargata sthAnamAM AvelA saMyukta -1 - na DDa ba (tathA na > ) > aMta:prANita T, 6, 6, ane va thAya che. (aMtaHprANita saMketa mATe -

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gujarAtI bhASAnAM vidhAyaka paribaLo 49 sparzIne adhorekhita karyA che.) uttarakALamAM, A siMdhI, enI dakSiNe AvelA pradezamAM phelAtAM, kacchanA TApumAM kacchI bolI tarIke vikase che. paMjAbI ane lahaMdA jUtha nIcenAM lakSaNothI aLaguM paDe che. A jUthamAM ucca ane nimma sUrano vikAsa thAya che. ucca sUra arthAt high falling tonene | saMketathI ane nimna sUra arthAt low rising tonene | saMketathI sUcavyA che.) (1)AdisthAnanA ghoSamahAprANa sparza > aghoSa alpaprANa + thAya che. udA : ghara- > $\ "ghara', thArA > tAra dhAra' (2)anAdisthAnanA ghoSa mahAprANa sparza > ghoSa alpaprANa + thAya che. udAH kra- > vA/ "vAgha jo anAdisthAnamAM AvelA ghoSa mahAprANa sparzInI pahelAM prAcIna pUrvaga (nakArasUcaka) Avelo hoya to A anAdisthAnanA ghoSa mahAprANa sparzIno vikAsa AdisthAnanA ghoSa mahAprANa sparzonA vikAsa jevo, arthAt (1) jevo thAya che. udA. : dharma- > aMta\ram mA - > =T|TI. (3)paMjAbImAM ane lahaMdAnI keTalIka bolIomAM anAdisthAnamAM rahelA bevaDA sparze bevaDA tarIke ja cAlu rahe che. samagra rIte, uttarapazcima jUthano vikAsa ane enAM lakSaNo bhAratIya AryabhASAnAM bIjAM jUthothI anokhAM che. A uttarapazcima jUthanI bhASAono vikAsa bhAratanA praziSTa madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM pratibiMbita nathI thato. pAli ane prAkRto A jUthanAM lakSaNo kyAreya pratibiMbita karatI nathI. alabatta, A jUthanAM thoDAMka lakSaNo azokanA uttarapazcimanA ane kharoSThI AlekhomAM ane cInI turkastAnamAMthI maLI AvelI eziyAI prAkRtomAM jene have gAMdhArI prAkRta nAma ApavAmAM AveluM che.) dekhA de che kharAM; chatAM, A jUthano ItihAsa adhikAMza tulanAtmaka paddhatithI ja sAdhya che. pUrvanAM, madhyadezanAM ane pazcima ane dakSiNanAM bhAratIya AryabhASAnAM jUthonA itihAsanI thoDIka rUparekhA praziSTa pAli-prAkRta-apabhraMza sAhityamAMthI maLI Ave kharI; joke A rUparekhAmAM sthaLakALanA bhedo tAravavA azakya che, mAtra keTalIka sarvasAmAnya bhUmikAo ja tAravI zakAya ane bhUmikAo tAravavA mATe enI upayogitA paNa che. Ama jotAM, ema vidhAna karavuM hoya to karI zakAya ke bhAratIya AryabhASAnuM uttarapazcima jUtha saMskRta jUtha che, jyAre bAkInAM prAkRta jUtha che!

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50 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 uttarapazcima jUthanA aLagA paDyA bAda viziSTa rIte aLaguM paDe che. pUrvanuM jUtha. A jUthane pAku-baMgALI-AsAmI-UDiyA jUtha tarIke oLakhAvI zakAya. enAM lakSaNo nIce pramANe che: - (1)hasva ane dIrgha dhvanighaTako I-I ane u-U anukrame eka I ane u dhvanighaTaka banyA. A jUthanI pazcime AvelI badhI bolIomAM arthAt bhojapurI, maithilI, magahI ane avadhImAM A hasva ane dIrgha dhvanighaTakono bheda cAlu rahe che. (2)zabdanA Adi akSaramAM Avelo athavA vivRta akSaramAM Avelo * > mA~ thAya che. maithilImAM paNa A lakSaNa jovA maLe che. (3)A jUthanI traNeya bhASAomAM eka viziSTa prakAranA svarasArUpyane pariNAme, ucca sthAnanA svaro bAda bIjA akSaramAM nimna sthAnanA svaro Ave to e ucca svaro nigna thAya che. A uparAMta A jUthanI dareka bhASAne potAnA AgavA svarasArUpyanA keTalAka niyamo che, jemAM AsAmIbaMgALInuM eka peTA jUtha anumAnI zakAya che. UDiyAmAM madhyasthAnanA svaro bAda bIjA akSaramAM nimnasthAnanA svaro Ave to e madhya svaro nimna thAya che. jo nimna sthAnanA svaro bAda bIjA akSaramAM ucca sthAnanA svaro Ave to e nimna svaro ucca thAya che. taduparAMta mUrdhanya vyaMjanonI pUrve AvelA svarone nimna karavAmAM Ave che. A jUthamAMthI prAka-baMgALI-AsAmI peTA jUtha nIcenAM lakSaNothI aLaguM paDe che : (1) ane , ane e cAra bhinnabhinna dhvanighaTako anukrame ane na ema be dhvanighaTako tarIke vikase che. (2) anAdisthAnamAM 3 ane Dha e be bhinna dhvanighaTako eka Tu dhvanighaTaka tarIke vikase che. tyArabAda, AsAmImAM, svarAMtargata 3 ane 4 baMne dhvanighaTako eka ? dhvanighaTaka tarIke vikase che. (3) baMgALImAM uSma varNo eka ga dhvanighaTaka tarIke vikase che; AsAmImAM, uSmavarNo AdisthAnamAM 4 (aghoSa da tarIke, ApaNA gujarAtamAM suratamAM bolAtA havAkAnuM hAkanA ha jevo) ane anAdisthAnamAM ghoSa dR tarIke (ApaNA gujarAtamAM bolAtA hAthInA ha jevo vikase che. UDiyAmAM uSma vaNa sa tarIke vikase che. e ja rIte bihArI bolIomAM, madhyapradeza ane pazcimamAM lagabhaga badhe ja - thoDA apavAda bAda karatAM - ukha varSo sa tarIke vikase che) prAku-baMgALI-AsAmImAMthI AsAmI nIcenAM lakSaNothI aLagI paDe che :

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gujarAtI bhASAnAM vidhAyaka paribaLo 51 (1) svarAMtargata 3 ane 4 eka dhvanighaTaka tarIke vikase che. (2) AdisthAnanA ane anAdisthAnanA uSma varNo anukrame aghoSa ane ghoSa da thayA bAda, AsAmImAM ra ane cha e be bhinna dhvanighaTakono vikAsa eka dhvanighaTaka sa tarIke ane sparzasaMgharSa ga ane jJa no eka dhvanighaTaka saMgharSa jJa tarIke thAya che. (3)daMtya ane mUrdhanya sparzInI bhinna zreNIo eka ja zreNI tarIke vikase che. AsAmInI paDozI bolIo cIna-tibeTana kuLanI bolIo che ane emAM paNa daMtya ane mUrdhanya sparzInI bhinna zreNIo nathI e yAda rAkhavuM joIe. A rIte jema pazcimanI darada bhASAo tema pUrvanI AsAmImAM paNa paDozI bolIonA prabhAvane lIdhe datyamUrdhanya bhedano abhAva che. bihAranI bhASAo bhojapurI, magahI ane maithilI A jUtha sAthe va- > va- ane -- > -bdha- jevAM lakSaNothI saMkaLAyelI hovA chatAM uparanAM anya lakSaNothI aLagI paDelI che, jo ke A bhASAonA paraspara saMbaMdhonI tapAsa bAkI che. siMhalI vize paNa ema ja. siMhalIno vikAsa bhAratanI bahAra thayo che. eno keTaloka itihAsa drAviDa bhASAonA saMdarbhamAM paNa AvI jAya che, jene lIdhe siMhalImAM paNa, draviDa bhASAonI jema, aprANa-mahAprANanA bhedano abhAva che. siMhalI bhASA anya jUthothI kyAre ane kayAM lakSaNothI aLagI paDI e tapAsa bAkI che. bAkI rahelA madhyadezanA jUthamAMthI, saMbhava che ke, madhyadezanI bolIo baghelI, buMdelakhaMDI, kanojI, vraja ane bAMgaDu (ane kadAca pUrvanI avadhI paNa?) eka tarapha pazcimanI gujarAtI-rAjasthAnI ane bIjI tarapha dakSiNapazcimanI marAThI-koMkaNIthI nIcenAM lakSaNothI aLagI paDI: (1) pazcima ane dakSiNa pazcimamAM agra svaro ane 2 pUrve AvelA A no vikAsa za mAM thatAM punaH A vibhAgamAM be uSma vargo dhvanighaTako tarIke sthira thayA. saMbhava che ke A vibhAgamAM AvelI gujarAtImAM agra svaro ane ya pUrva Avelo jUno A jaLavAI rahelo ane A baMne ghaTako cAlu rahelA ja; nIcenAM udAharaNo uparathI ema kahI zakAya ke navo dhvanighaTaka za to marAThI ane koMkaNImAM ja zarU thayo gaNAya." saMskRta gujarAtI marATha koMkaNI zikSAzIkha zikaNe zikatA zItana- zILuM zeLA zeLI ziMzApa- zIsama

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para gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 zindUra siddhsitUrasinycti sidhyati sivyate sidhAvavuM siMdUra sIMcavuM sIjhavuM sIvavuM zeMdura ziMcaNe zijaNe zivaNe zijatA zivayatA (2) pazcima ane dakSiNapazcimanI adhikAMza bhASAomAM - ane 3-3 svaronAM kAlamAnano bheda jato rahe che, paNa madhyadezanI bhASAomAM e jaLavAI rahe che. dakSiNa-pazcimamAM koMkaNInI dakSiNanI bolIomAM e jaLavAI rahe che, paNa e kadAca paDozanI drAviDa bhASAonA prabhAvathI paNa hoya. (3) daMtya ane mUrdhanya anunAsiko ne - ane pArdhiko << - 8nA bhedanuM madhyadezamAM vilInIkaraNa thatAM mAtra ne ane te dhvanighaTako rahe che, jyAre pazcima ane dakSiNa pazcimamAM A bhedo jaLavAI rahe che. rAjasthAnanI koIkoI bolImAM vilInIkaraNa najare paDe kharuM, ane vraja jevI madhyadezanI bolImAM e bhedo jaLavAI paNa rahe che, A paristhiti paDozI bolIonA paraspara AdAnapradAnanA pravAho temaja ApaNA vibhAgIkaraNanI dhUMdhaLI sImAo sUcave che. madhyadezanA bhASAitihAsamAM uttarakALamAM pazcima madhyadezanI hiMdI, madhyadezanI anya bhASAo jevI ke baghelI, buMdelakhaMDI, kanojI, vraja ane bAMgaDunA pradezomAM, pUrvanI avadhI temaja bihArI bhASAo bhojapurI, magahI ane maithilInA pradezomAM, uttaranI paMjAbInA pradezomAM ane pazcimanI rAjasthAnInA pradezomAM eka mAtRbhASA tarIke phelAya che ane vikase che. pazcimanI gujarAtI-rAjasthAnI ane dakSiNa-pazcimanI marAThI-koMkaNI nIcenAM kAraNothI aLagI paDe che : (1) marAThI-koMkaNImAM che- > - thAya che ( ane agra svaro pahelAM A sa- no paNa za thAya che, arthAt ii-,cha, > zi--). (2) marAThImAM sparzasaMgharSa va ane ganuM datya spasaMgharSa ane tAlavya sparzasaMgharSamAM vibhaktIkaraNa thAya che. , mA, 3 ane te pUrve AvelA va ane ga daMtyasparzasaMgharSa ane DuM ane pUrve AvelA 2 ane 3 tAlavya sparzasaMgharSa tarIke vikase che. sAthe sAthe aneka AgaMtuka navA zabdomAM daMtya sparzasaMgharSa uccAraNa (anugAmI svaro -ma-3-mo na hoya to paNa) thatAM marAThImAM A be prakAranA sparzasaMgharthIo dhvanighaTakonI zreNImAM vadhAro kare che. (3) taLapadI marAThImAM aghoSa vyaMjana pUrve AvelA anusvAranuM vilInIkaraNa

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thayuM che. gujarAtI bhASAnAM vidhAyaka paribaLo 53 udA.: pA~ca > pAtra, A~ta > Ata jo anugAmI vyaMjana ghoSa hoya to anusvAra e vyaMjananA varganA anunAsika tarIke Take che. udAH caMdra > cAndra A jUthamAMthI gujarAtI nIcenAM kAraNothI aLagI paDe che : (1) Japha ane aka jevAM svarayugmo anukrame eN ane oNmAM vikase che. saMvRta ane vistRta e-eN ane o-oN AgavA dhvanighaTako tarIke vikase che. A dhvanighaTako vacceno bheda adhikAMza aMtya sthAna sivAyanAM sthAnoe jaLavAI rahe che. taduparAMta sAnusvAra ane vargIya anunAsika pUrve AvelA jUnA 6 ane JonuM vivRtta uccAraNa have emane vivRtta eN ane oN ghaTako tarIke sthAna apAve che. (2) svAMtargata TM - > samarmara svaro(murmured vowels) arthAt ISadghoSa svaro thAya che ane gujarAtImAM samarmara e ane o vistRta svaro tarIke vikase che. (3) vivRtta akSaramAM rahelA hrasva haiM ane 3 > ga thAya che, ane zabdamAM rahelo e Ja amuka sthAnomAMthI vilIna thAya che; udA. : gujarAtI-marAThImAMnA nIcenA zabdo : gujarAtI maLavuM kharavuM gaNavuM charI marAThI miLaNeM khiraNeM guNa surA AmAMnA gujarAtI-rAjasthAnI jUthanI bhinnabhinna bolIo, kayA kramamAM chUTI paDI e tapAsa bAkI che. mAravADI, mevADI, hADotI, jayapurI, mALavI, bhIlI ane gujarAtInA jhINavaTabharyA abhyAsathI A kramano khyAla AvI zake. jemAM dhvanighaTakonuM vibhaktIkaraNa hoya yA vilInIkaraNa hoya evA dhvanighaTakagata pheraphArane bhASAbhedanA sUcaka pheraphAra tarIke oLakhIe to uparanA kramazaH pheraphArone AdhAre ApaNe bhAratIya AryabhASAonA parasparanA saMbaMdho ane e saMbaMdhomAM gujarAtI bhASAnuM zuM sthAna che enI AchI rUparekhA tAravI zakIe chIe. bhAratIya AryabhASAmAM prathama je jUtha judAM paDyAM tyArathI mAMDIne pazcima

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54 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 ane dakSiNapazcima jUthonA aLagA paDavA sudhInA vRttAMtane 'gujarAtI' bhASAno itihAsa kahevAne badale 'gujarAtI'nuM astitva sthapAyA pUrvenI bhUmikAonuM vRttAMta kahevuM joIe. madhyadezanA jUthamAMthI gujarAtI aLagI paDe tyArathI gujarAtIno itihAsa zarU thayo gaNAya. A kaMI khAsa tAttvika muddAnI vAta nathI, mAtra vyavahAru nirNayano muddo che. A samagra vRttAM ne gujarAtI bhASAno itihAsa kahIe to A ja vRttAMtane hiMdI bhASAno ke marAThI bhASAno itihAsa paNa kahI zakAya. mAtra chello tabakko ja jarA judo paDe! ane ema kahevAmAM bhASAonA paraspara saMbaMdho vize tAratamya paNa na jaLavAya. uparanA vRttAMtamAM chellA tabakkAne (madhyadezathI aLagA paDyA bAdanI bhUmikA) joIe to ene prAcIna gujarAtInA upalabdha sAhitya sAthe sAMkaLI zakAya che. prAcIna gujarAtInuM sAhitya agiyAramA-bAramA saikA bAda racAyeluM maLI Ave che, paNa eTalI prAcIna hastaprato nathI maLatI; caudamA saikA pahelAMnI prAcIna gujarAtInI hastaprato nathI maLatI. A samayanI gujarAtInA dhvanisvarUpa ane vyAkaraNI svarUpano khyAla A sAhityamAMthI maLI Ave che. tyArathI mAMDIne atyAra sudhIno samaya eTale lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa e gujarAtI bhASAnA itihAsano vistAra che. 2 gujarAtI bhASAnA itihAsanAM mukhya sImAcihno bhAratIya AryabhASAomAM, utta2pazcimanI darada bhASAo bAda karatAM, je vyApaka dhvaniparivartano thayAM teno prabhAva vyAkaraNI svarUpa upara paDyo ja hoya ane pariNAme vyAkaraNI svarUpanA palaTAo thayA hoya e svAbhAvika ja che. AmAM, khAsa karIne, zabdanA aMtyasthAnamAM AvatA vyaMjanonuM sarvathA vilInIkaraNa, aMtyasthAnanA svaronuM hrasvIkaraNa (ane madhyakAlIna gujarAtImAM, sarvathA vilInIkaraNa), te ane gau saMdhyakSaronuM sAdA svaro r ane o mAM vilInIkaraNa; zabdanA aMtya bhAgamAM thayelA AvA pheraphArone lIdhe bhAratIya AryabhASAnA vyAkaraNanAM rUpAkhyAno, je sarvathA zabdane aMte AvatA pratyayo upara ja AdhAra rAkhatAM hatAM te, dharamULathI palaTAyelAM che. arvAcIna bhAratIya AryabhASAonAM nAmika ane AkhyAtika aMgonAM rUpAkhyAno adhikAMza sAdRzyathI ja samArAyelAM che, emane mULa saMskRtanAM rUpAkhyAnomAMthI vyutpanna karI zakAya nahi. prAcIna gujarAtInI dhvanivyavasthAmAMthI madhyagujarAtInI dhvanivyavasthAnA parivartananuM prathama sImAcihna te A hrasva haiM ane 3nuM amAM(ane keTalAka saMjogomAM rU nuM r mAM, udA. rika ryuM ) vilInIkaraNa; Ane pariNAme svaravyavasthAmAM -

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gujarAtI bhASAnAM vidhAyaka paribaLo 55 rahelI kAlamAnanI yojanA mAtra sthAnaniyata upaghaTako pUratI ja maryAdita rahe che ane hasva ane dIrdha evA dhvanighaTakagata bheda TakatA nathI. dhvanivyavasthAmAMthI A be hasva dhvanighaTakonA vilInIkaraNa vakhate ja be navA dhvanighaTaka ai ane au umerAya che. (dhvanivyavasthAonAM AMtarika parivartanomAM kevA prakAranI tulA sacavAI rahe che enuM A udAharaNa che.) A pheraphArone lIdhe madhyagujarAtIkALanAM rUpAkhyAno sAda5thI kevI rIte tamArAmAM che enA udAharaNa tarIke nIcenI tAlikAo juo: jUnI gujarAtInAM nAmika rUpAkhyAna madhyakAlIna gujarAtInAM nAmika rUpAkhyAna ba.va. aMga-devuM. e.va. ba.va. prathamA-dvitIyA devu deva tRtIyA-saptamI devi deve vibhakatsaMga devA deva deva deve jUnI guja.nAM AkhyAtika rUpAkhyAna madhya. gujanAM AkhyAtika rUpAkhyAna bhaviSyakALa e.va. ba.va. e.va. ba.va karIza karazuM karaze karazo 1lo pu. karisa rajo pu. karisi 3jo pu. karisiI karmaNi 35. karIe maMda AjJArtharajo pu. - karizuM karisika karisiI karIi karijiuM karaze karazo karIe karajo madhyakAlIna gujarAtInA ghATA akSaravALA pratyayo jUnI gujarAtInA pratyayomAMthI dhvaniparivartana dvArA sadhAyA nathI, paNa sAdayathI sadhAyA che. pahelA puruSa bahuvacanano eka jUno pratyaya - AM (saMskRta - gama) bolIbhede uttara gujarAtanI bolIomAM pracalita che. saMbhavataH, A pratyaya samagra uttara ane madhya gujarAtamAM pracalita hovo joIe. ane pAchaLathI koI ziSTa' bolImAM -e-> jIno pracAra thatAM A -e uttara ane madhya gujarAtanA jUnA - ne saphaLatAthI hAMkI kADhI zakyo che evuM enA bhaugolika vistArathI jaNAya che. Aje A vistAranI sarahado upara ane kyAMkakyAMka gAmaDAMomAM (jUnA avazeSa rUpe) Avo-A saMbhaLAya che kharo.

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pa6 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 e ja rIte karmaNinA 6 ne sthAne -e jararU > ve) Avyo kharo, paNa karmaNino - kartarinAM rUpomAM kyAMka TakI rahyo che, ane khAsa karIne hAlArImAM ame ApI chaiM, ame bolI chai' jevAM rUpomAM - zuM jaLavAyo che. A kALamAM gujarAtInA AgavA bolIpradezone paNa AvAM udAharaNothI spaSTa karI zakAya che. taduparAMta vivRta e-ono vikAsa hAlArImAM thato nathI e paNa hAlarI eka jUno bolI pradeza hato ema sUcave che. madhyagujarAtIkALa pachI eka mahattvanuM dhvaniparivartana thAya che, zabdanA aMtyasthAnamAM Avelo -ma jato rahe che enuM zUnyamAM vilInIkaraNa thAya che.) tyArabAda baMjanAM zabdo astitvamAM Ave che ane zabdonI akSararacanA badalAtAM upAMtya sthAnamAMthI paNa manuM zUnyamAM vilInIkaraNa thAya che. udA. : roDA > roDa, doDato > vohno, (ramata3 ) ramato > ramato A dhvaniparivartana thayA bAda, sAdayathI, nAmika aMgonA bahuvacananA pratyaya tarIke -gono pracAra zarU thAya che. A - uparanAM udAharaNonA -gathI judo paDe che, kAraNa ke uparanAM udAharaNomAMno narajAti pra. e. va.no - madhyagujarAtIkALamAM astitvamAM AvI gayelo che ane "doDUto "ramaito' jevAM udAharaNomAM A aMtya -nI pUrveno -ma zUnyamAM vilInIkaraNa pAmI cUkelo che. paNa "ramata'nA bahuvacana ramatomAMno -o bahuvacanano -o che ane upAMtya -manA vilInIkaraNanA dhvaniparivartana pachI pracAramAM Avelo che. vartamAnakaMdana "ratothI nAmanA bahuvacana ramatonA uccAraNamAM manA bhAvAbhAvano je phera che tethI ja eka sabaLa tarka karI zakAya che ke - nA zUnyamAM vilInIkaraNa thayA bAda ja bahuvacano -go pracAramAM Avelo che. | gujarAtanI bolIomAM bahuvacanano -o hajI phelAto jato pratyaya che. saurASTramAM -uM, -uM, uttara gujarAtanA sImADAnA pradezomAM AM ane mAnya gujarAtImAM -o bahuvacananA pratyayo che. A -manuM zUnyamAM vilInIkaraNa thavAne lIdhe gujarAtInI saMdhinA niyamo paNa palaTAyelA che. madhyakALathI gujarAtImAM pAmavuM, ApavuM, kApavuM jevA zabdonAM uccAraNo, upAMtya -- nA lopa pachI pAmyuM, ApuM, kApyuM thAya che, jene AdhAre saMdhino eka niyama tAravI zakAya che ke okya varSo pachI va Ave to va no lopa thAya che ane oca varNa bevaDAyA che. AvI saMdhi tyAre ja zakya banI hoya ke jyAre okya varNa ane ve nI vacce -- na hoya. A navya gujarAtInI saMdhino eka niyama che.

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gujarAtI bhASAnAM vidhAyaka paribaLo pa7 dhvaniparivartanano phelAvo lagabhaga sArvatrika hoya che, ane kALakrame samagra bhASApradezamAM vyApI rahe che, sAdaya parivartano eTalAM vyApaka nathI hotAM ane bhinnabhinna bolIpradezomAM potAnAM AgavAM sAzyaparivartano thatAM hoya che. AvAM AgavAM sAdayaparivartanomAM ziSTa bolInuM sAzyaparivartana anyonI apekSAe AgaLa dhape che ane vadhu vyApaka thatuM jAya che. A rIte cokkasa rIte sAdazya parivartanone tAravI levAthI e parivartanono vyApa tapAsIne prAcIna samayamAM kaI bolI ziSTamAnya hatI enuM anumAna karI zakAya. prAgujarAtakALathI arvAcIna gujarAtI sudhImAM je dhvaniparivartano ane sAdagyavyApAro samagra bhASAsamAjamAM vyApavAne badale amuka kSetra pUratA ja vistaryA hoya temane tapAsIe to judA paDatA jatA bolIpradezono khyAla AvI zake. vaLI emAMnA keTalAka sAdayavyApAro eka kALe amuka pradeza sudhI ja vistaryA hoya, paNa kALakrame, dhIredhIre samagra bhASAsamAjamAM vistaratA mAlUma paDavA mAMDe tyAre ApaNe anumAnI zakIe ke eka keMdramAM thayeluM navya parivartana (sAdazya navatara ja hoya che, e keMdranA rAjakIya sAMskRtika varcasane pariNAme potAno parigha vistAratuM vadhye jAya che. A pramANe jude jude kALe je pradezanI bolI sarvatra phelAI zake eTaleke mAnya bhASA hoya, enAM rAjakIya keMdro kyAM hatAM e tapAsI zakAya. e to spaSTa ja che ke prAcIna gujarAtI-madhyagujarAtI-navya gujarAtI jevI bhUmikAonAM abhidhAna vAparIe tyAre ema kahevAno Azaya nathI ja ke je bolI jUnI gujarAtIkALamAM mAnyabhASA hatI te ja bolI madhya gujarAtIkALamAM mAnyabhASA banI. evuM paNa bane, ane evuM vAraMvAra bane ja che ke judejude kALe judIjudI bolIo mAnyabhASA banI hoya. jUnIgujarAtI kALanuM eka mahattvanuM vyAkaraNa parivartana te svarasaMkSepa pAmelAM nAmono nAmanA rUpAkhyAnamAM praveza ane aMgavistAra pAmelAM anya nAmo svarasaMkSepa na thayo hoya tevAM)nI mAphaka ja emanuM rUpAkhyAna. jema chokarau, pathara+u, temaja hAthI+uM, vANI+u; taduparAMta svIkRta zabdo(AgaMtuka zabdo) sukhI, dukhI jevA zabdo paNa A ja rUpAkhyAnamAM praveze che ane sukhI+uM, dukhI mau jevAM rUpo sadhAya che." A -u narajAtinuM prathamA ekavacananuM rUpa che. zabda nAnyatara hoya to -uM yojAya che; udAH chokara + 6, pANI + uM. pariNAme, navA pratyayo vaparAzamAM Ave che : -Ila, IuM. | madhyagujarAtI kALa pachI jyAre ane sthAne -o narajAtino sUcaka bane che (sAdaparivartanathI) tyAre A pratyayono AkAra -Io ane IuM thAya che. pahelAM je zabdo A rUpAkhyAnamAM pravezyA na hatA te zabdo jUnI gujarAtImAM

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58 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 A rUpAkhyAnamAM pravezyA te eka navatara pravRtti. Aje to A navIna pratyaya samagra gujarAtamAM vyApta che (kaDiyo, lahiyo, maraNiyo, rUpiyo, phaLiyuM, UMdhiyuM, pataMgiyuM vagere). jUnI gujarAtIkALamAM A navatara pratyayo kyAM zarU thayA e tapAsa jUnI gujarAtInA mAnyabhASAnAM pradeza vize kaMIka mAhitI pUrI pADI zake. ahIM ApaNe atyAranI gujarAtImAM sthaLanAmo tapAsIe tyAre mAlUma paDe che ke -Io, IuM pratyayovALAM sthaLanAmo vizeSa karIne saurASTramAM moTA pramANamAM najare caDe che. Ama to AkhA gujarAtamAM AvA pratyayovALAM sthaLanAmo che, paNa saurASTramAM e pracura pramANamAM che. A sthaLanAmo jUnAM che (alabatta, keTalAM jUnAM vagere tapAsa e svataMtra abhyAsano viSaya che, eTale ema anumAna karI zakAya ke saurASTramAM A pratyaya vadhAre vyApaka rIte vaparAzamAM haze, arthAt, A pratyayanI zarUAta tyAM thaI haze. (thoDAM sthaLanAmo- soraThaH rAtIyA, vAMkIyA, mALIyA, jALIyA, khaMDIyuM; madhyasaurASTra: vavANIyA, khIjaDIyA, pIparIyA; hAlAra - khaMbhALIyA, joDIyA; jhAlAvADa : vimanayA, kaMthArIyA, gohilavADa: lIlIyA, DoLIyA, jyAre gujarAtanA bAkInA jillAomAMthI : jhaghaDIyA, TaMkArIyA, vAlIyA). | madhyagujarAtIkALamAM hAlAra eka bolIpradeza tarIke juduM paDI jAya che. bIje badhe ja aI > e, au > o thatAM ATha svaraghaTakonI (I e e, u o o, a A) vyavasthA nirmAya che jyAre hAlAramAM cha svaraghaTakonI che e, u o, a A) vyavasthA nirmAya che. hAlAra juduM ja rahe che, eno purAvo ApaNane tyArabAdanA eka parivartanathI paNa maLI rahe che. (juo nIce.) | madhyagujarAtIkALa pachI spaSTa rIte mAnyabhASAnAM keMdro uttara gujarAtanA pATaNathI amadAvAda vaccenA pradeza tarapha khaselAM mAlUma paDe che. keTalAMka mahattvanAM vyAkaraNa parivartano A pradezamAM thAya che ane tyAMthI phelAya che. udAharaNa tarIke ApaNe joyuM ke aI > e ane au > o parivartana thayA bAda kriyApadanA rUpAkhyAnamAM -e pratyayano phelAvo thAya che ane pahelA puruSa bahuvacana mATe jUnA karmaNi karIinA -ine sthAne -e yojavAthI karIe' jevAM rUpo pracAramAM Ave che. sAbarakAMThA, banAsakAMThA jevA vistAromAM hajI kartarino jUno - (saMskRta -mAma:) ja vaparAya che : bolAM, cAlAM vagere. hAlArImAM jUnuM karmaNi ja vaparAya che : bolI chIM, karI chIM (kadAca A -e hAlAra uparAMta saurASTranA bIjA pradezomAM jhAlAvADa-madhyasaurASTra vageremAM paNa na pahoMcI zakyo hoya). madhyakALano A navo -e have uttaragujarAtanI sarahado upara pracalita - ne saMpUrNa rIte bhUMsI nAkhIne AgaLa vadhelo che, mAtra keTalAka pradezamAM e avaziSTa mAlUma paDe che ane ethI ApaNe anumAna karIe ke A -e joradAra keMdromAMthI phelAyelo che.

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gujarAtI bhASAnAM vidhAyaka paribaLo e ja rIte, A ja keMdromAMthI tRtIyAnA jUnA -e pratyayane sAmAnya vibhaktinA -A pachI mUkavAnI zarUAta thayelI che(arthAt ghoDe - ghoDAe, dIkare - dIkarAe jevAM vaikalpika rUpo), saurASTramAM hajI A asaro pahoMcI nathI ane ghoDe ane dIkare jevA prayogo cAlu che, jyAre uttara gujarAtamAM mAnya bhASAnA vistAramAMthI ghoDAe, dIkarAe jevA prayogo prasArita thavA mAMDyA che. 59 A ja mAnya bhASAnA keMdramAMthI bahuvacanano -o pratyaya prasArita thayo che. samagra saurASTramAM to siMdhI-kacchInI mAphaka nAnyatarano -uM nArInA bahuvacana mATe ane pachI naranA bahuvacana mATe paNa pracAramAM Avelo che, uttara gujarAtanA sImA pradezomAM ane cheka pATaNa-mahesANAnA pradezomAM paNa jUno -ni > -AM hajI naSTaprAya rUpe sAMbhaLavA maLe che. bahuvacananA navA pratyaya -o nA prasAranuM keMdra pATaNanI dakSiNe AvI gayuM che ane A -o amadAvAda ane enI AsapAsanA vistArothI zarU thaIne saurASTranA -uM ne ane uttara gujarAtanA -AM ne bhUMsIne AgaLa vadhato mAlUma paDe che. aitihAsika pUrvabhUmikAne khyAlamAM rAkhIne bolIonI cokkasa tapAsa thAya to ja A praznanI vadhu AlocanA thaI zake. ATalI TUMkI mAhitInA AdhAre mAnya bhASAnI zakya heraphera vize aTakaLa ja karI zakAya. prAgujarAtI--jUnIgujarAtI kALamAM mAnya bhASAnAM keMdro saurASTra tarapha hatAM te madhyakAlIna--navyagujarAtI kALamAM pATaNa-amadAvAda tarapha AvI gayAM ema sUcavI zakAya. 3. sAmAjika paribaLono bhASAparivartana upara prabhAva 10 dhvaniparivartana (jenI dvArA bhASAparivartana thAya che) vize hamaNAM ema manAtuM AveluM che ke enuM nirIkSaNa karI zakAtuM nathI, e to kramazaH thatuM eka evuM parivartana che ke kALapaTa u52 judI paDelI be bhASAone jyAre sarakhAvIe tyAre e parivartana thayuM che ema tAravI zakAya. vaLI, dhvaniparivartana samagra bhASAsamAjamAM kyA vyApArathI vyApI jAya che e paNa eka carcAno viSaya banyo che. chellA be dAyakAmAM, eka sAMskRtika ghaTanA tarIke, bhASA ane samAja baMne kaI rIte saMkaLAyelA che enA saMzodhanone AdhAre dhvaniparivartano vyApaka rIte samAjamAM kevI rIte phelAya che enAM anumAno karavAmAM AvelAM che ane enAM nirIkSaNa mATenI paddhatio ajamAvavAmAM AvelI che. sAMskRtika saMdarbha ane vAvpahAranI ghaTanAe baMne vacce eka yogyatA'no saMbaMdha che. eka vyakti enA nokara sAthe je rIte bole che te ja rIte enA bhAI sAthe nathI bolatI. ApaNe gharamAM vAta karatA hoIe e ja rIte bahAra vAta

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60 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 nathI karatA zabdonI pasaMdagI, vAkyaracanAnI pasaMdagI, Aroha avarohanI pasaMdagI, A pasaMdagIono AdhAra bhASakano potAno mobho, saMbhASaNano viSaya, sAMbhaLanArano mobho A badhA upara rahelo chekoI paNa vAsvarUpanI pasaMdagI koNa, konI sAthe. kyAre, kayA viSaya upara bole che enI upara rahelI hoya che ApaNe ema kahI zakIe ke samAjaracanA ja bhASakanI A pasaMdagInuM niyamana kare che. bALako bhinnabhinna saMdarbhamAM vAsvarUpo sAMbhaLe che ane vAsvarUponI pasaMdagInI racanA(sTrakacara)ne AtmasAt kare che, arthAt vAprayogamAM anusmRta evA samAjaracanAnA mALakhAne e samAjamAM UcharatAM bALako AtmasAt kare che. samAjaracanA sAthe vaNAyelI vAphasvarUpanI pasaMdagIonI niyamAvali peDhI-dara-peDhI UtarI Ave che. parivartano paNa A rIte ja peDhI-dara-peDhI UtarI Ave che. bhASAparivartananA A parimANane anulakSIne, ahIM vartamAna gujarAtI samAjaracanA sAthe keTalAMka dhvaniparivartanone sAMkaLavAno prayatna karyo che. parimita kSetrakArya ane parimita nirIkSaNane AdhAre keTalIka vyApaka saMgatio nIce rajU karelI arvAcIna gujarAtImAM eka karatAM vadhAre akSaravALA zabdone aMte be ja svaro sAnusvAra AvI zake che : che ane AM. ekAkSarI zabdomAM to bIjA svaro paNa sAnusvAra AvI zake che : udA. sAcuM sAcA taNakhaluM taNakhalAM zabdone aMte be ja svaro sAnusvAra AvI zake che e paristhitinI bIjI vizeSatA e paNa che ke A be sAnusvAra svaro paNa ghaNA bhASakonA uccAraNamAM prayojAtA ja nathI. aMtyasthAnanA sAnusvAra svaronA bhAvAbhAvane sAmAjika mobhA sAthe kaI rIte sAMkaLI zakAya e tapAsavA mATe sau praznonI eka praznAvali taiyAra karavAmAM AvI. AmAM bhinnabhinna vyaMjano sAthe aMtyasthAnamAM sAnusvAra ane sAdA svaro Ave evAM vAkyo prayojyAM ane kSetrakArya karanArane sUcanA ApavAmAM AvelI hatI ke A praznAvali laIne je vyaktinA uccAraNanI tapAsa karavAnI hoya tenI AgaLa eka pachI eka vAkya potAnI svAbhAvika Dhabe bolavuM ane sAmI vyaktine e vAkya pharIthI bolavA kahevuM. sAmI vyaktinuM e vAkya sAMbhaLatAM ja pAse rAkhelI tAlikAmAM, jo dhArelo svara sAnusvAra hoya to ja ane sAdo hoya to x nizAna

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gujarAtI bhASAnAM vidhAyaka paribaLo 61 karavuM. A tapAsa zA hetuthI karavAmAM Ave che enI sAmI vyaktine jarApaNa khabara na paDavI joIe e mahattvanuM hatuM. zaherI vistAramAM, eTale ke amadAvAdamAMthI so vyaktio upara A praznAvali ajamAvavAmAM AvI. AmAMthI pacAsa abhaNa (eTale ke jene chApAM vAMcavA jeTaluM akSarajJAna na hoya) ane pacAsa bhaNelA (AmAM keLavAyelI gRhiNIothI mAMDIne vepArIo, adhyApako badhAyano samAveza thaI gayo). A sahu amadAvAdamAM chellA dasakA ke tethI vadhu samayathI sthira thayelA hatA. A so praznonI praznAvalimAM vAkyane aMte AvelA (arthAtu chellA zabdane aMte AvelA) sAnusvAra ane sAdA svaravALA zabdo hatA. tema ja vAkyanI vacce (alabatta, zabdane aMte AvelA che sAnusvAra ane sAdA svarovALA zabdo hatA. udAharaNa tarIke praznAvalinAM thoDAM vAkyo : 1. vanitAbahena to bahu pocAM! 2. atyAre kerI kApuM ? 3. koI chApAM rAkhe che? 4. nA, chApuM joyA pachI. A mAhitI meLavyA pachI sarAsarI kADhavAnI ane maryAdita nirIkSaNa uparathI vyApaka saMgatio sAdhavAnI gANitika ane kalananI paddhatio dvArA A sAmagrImAMthI keTalAMka evAM vidhAno tAravI zakAya che ke jene AdhAre samAjanA kayA tharo kayA parivartana sAthe kevI rIte saMkaLAyA che e jANI zakAya che. A vidhAnomAMthI keTalAMka ahIM rajU karavAmAM AvyAM che. sAmAnya rIte e vidhAna karI zakAya ke bhaNelA ane abhaNa bannenA uccAraNamAMthI padAMte AvatA ane zabdAMte AvatA -uM ane - uccAraNamAMthI jatA rahyA che ane ene sthAne sAdA svaro AvI gayA che, chatAM bhaNelAnI ane abhaNanI khAsiyato judI che ane baMne vacce bheda spaSTa jaLavAI rahe che. udAharaNa tarIke pR. 6 2 uparanA grApha-1 ane grApha-2mAM, zabdAMte AvatA anusvAranI ('-'nI) bhaNelA ane abhaNoe kevI jALavaNI karI che eno havAlo maLI zake.

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62 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 grApha 1 zabdAne abhaNa zaherIo ZERO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 grApha - 2 zabdAne- bhaNelA zaherIo 4 5 6 7 8. 9 10 11 12

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gujarAtI bhASAnAM vidhAyaka paribaLo 63 A grApha sahelAIthI ukelI zakAya tevA che. kula agiyAra vAkyo evAM hatAM ke jemAM vyAkaraNI paraMparA mujaba zabdAMte sAnusvAra-AnI apekSA rAkhI zakAya. pacAsa abhaNa zaherIoe A vAkyo uccAryA tyAre emAMthI 8 jaNanA uccAraNamAM ekeya - sAnusvAra na hato. 17nA uccAraNamAM eka - sAnusvAra hato, 10nA uccAraNamAM be - sAnusvAra hatA, 7nA uccAraNamAM traNa - sAnusvAra hatA, vagere vagere. A rIte nIcenI be tAlikAo uparanA grApha samajavAmAM upayogI thaze. zabdAMte - abhaNa zaherIo bhASako phikvansI bhaNelA zaherIko bhASako phrikvansI 8 zUnya m m ba Te ja h che h m * * 4 m - 8 nh bh 0 m m 8 9 0 7 ?i h m @ 50 mean Variance(s) 2.18. 4.5476 227.38 4.6404 mean 3.38. Variance 5.3556 267.78 ns2 ns2 ns? ns2 5.4649 n-] | n-1

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64 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 Population 50 Frequency 11 n = Sample size = 50 1/11 "1-1 = Population Correction Factor s? = Variance Vs? = Variance = Standard deviation bhaNelAM ane abhaNanI khAsiyato kevI rIte judI che e have joI zakAya: abhaNa zaherIomAM - nI sarerAza(mean) ja nIcI che, ane AM/-AnI vimAsaNa (variance) ja ochI che, kAraNake moTA bhAganA bhASako ekI sAthe ochI phrikvansIvALA vibhAgamAM ja AvI jAya che (zUnya 1 ane ra phrikvansImAM ja 35 bhASako AvI gayA che. bhaNelA zaherIomAM - nI sarerAza UMcI che, bhASako ochI phrikvansIvALA ane madhyama phrikvansIvALA vibhAgomAM vaheMcAI gayA che eTale - jALavavAnI vimAsaNa abhaNo karatAM thoDIka vadhAre che. AMkaDAzAstrIonA tAraNa mujaba A kissAmAM bhaNelA-abhaNano bheda soe paMcANuM TakA jaLavAI rahe teTalo sAbUta che (5% confidence level). amadAvAda zaheramAM -uM ane -AM nI A pramANe tapAsa karyA bAda AvI ja tapAsa sureMdranagaramAM karI (Ane zahera paNa na kahI zakAya tema gAmaDuM paNa na kahevAya, aMgrejImAM Town kahe te vibhAgamAM A Ave. ApaNe emane gAmaDiyA nahIM kahIe, paNa bina-zaherI kahIzuM) ane bhaNelA-abhaNa uparAMta, nAgara ema eka ucca jJAtinA bhASako umeryA. A jJAtimAM abhaNa jaDyA nahi eTale nAgara = bhaNelA nAgara ema samajavuM). tyArabAda amadAvAdamAM paNa nAgaro upara eka nAnI praznAvali ajamAvI jethI nAgaro ane binazaherI nAgaronI tulanA thaI zake. zaherI ane binazaherI nAgaronI -'nI vaparAzanA grApha-3 tathA grApha-4 pR. 65 upara ApyA che ane enI samajUtI ApatI tAlikAo e pachI ApI che. e khyAlamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke zaherI nAgaronI praznAvalimAM kula pAMca -AMnI ja apekSA hatI ane binazaherI nAgaronI praznAvalimAM kula dasa - nI apekSA hatI. (jude jude vakhate kSetrakArya karavAne lIdhe AvI paristhiti thaI che). alabatta, sarerAza vagerenA AMkaDAothI A bheda bAdhaka nahIM thaI paDe.

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25 OM naM 8 5 25 20 15 10 5 ZERO grApha - 3 zAnte ZERO 1 2 1 3 grApha - 4 zabdane 4 2 3 4 5 gujarAtI bhASAnAM vidhAyaka paribaLo 65 zaherI nAgara binazaherI nAgara 8 9 10

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66 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 zabdAMte - zaherI nAgara bhASako phrikavansI 1. zUnya binazaherI nAgara bhASako. phrikavansI zUnya che 0 ' - 2 - 0 ja 0 0 ja da che ja 1 cha che cha 25 ja Population 25 Frequency 5. Population Frequency 24 10 mean Variance 3.24 2.2624 56.56 2.3567 mean 59583 Variance 10.1237 242,9688 10.5639 ns? ns? ns2 ns2 n-1 n-T zaherI ke binazaherI, nAgaro spaSTapaNe A ne jALavI rAkhe che. bhaNelAM ke abhaNa - ne jALavatAM nathI. mArA "bhaNelA' vargamAM thoDA nAgaro AvI gayA haze, paNa pacAsa jaNamAM e loko thoDA TakA ja hovAthI emanuM spaSTa lakSaNa to nAgara jUthamAMthI ja maLI Ave, alabatta bhaviSyamAM AvI tapAsa karanAre nAtavAra judAM jUthanI noMdha rAkhavI joIe, uMmaranI paNa noMdha rAkhavI joIe vagere vagere. vaLI mArA zaherI nAgara bhASako strIo ja che (kAraNa ke A kSetrakArya karanAra bahena hatAM). anyatra mArA bhASako strI-puruSo mizra che. A badhAM jUtho pahelethI aLagAM pADyAM hota to vadhAre sagavaDa raheta. meM jyAre A tapAsa karI tyAre A viSayamAM AvA saMzodhananI zarUAta ja hatI - 1961mAM; tyArabAda paradezamAM vadhAre sUkSma bhedo pADI zakAya evI tapAso karavAmAM AvI che.

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gujarAtI bhASAnAM vidhAyaka paribaLo 67 nAgaro -AM ne jALavavAnuM valaNa batAve che, paNa zaherI ane binazaherI nAgaronI khAsiyato spaSTapaNe judI che. zaherI nAgaromAM -AM jALavavA vize vimAsaNa ochI che, ghaNAkharA bhASako UMcI phrikvansIvALA vibhAgamAM AvI gayA che. binazaherI nAgaronI AM vize vimAsaNa ghaNI che. lagabhaga badhI ja phrikvansIomAM bhASako vaheMcAI gayA che. -AM nI ATalI tapAsane aMte ATalAM vidhAno spaSTa rIte thaI zake che H (1) prastuta bhASAsamAjamAM zaherI-binazaherI, bhaNelAM-abhaNa ane nAgaraItara evA bhedo bhASAbhedo sAthe saMkaLAyelA che. bhASAbhedone A mALakhAmAM tapAsavA joIe. (2) A mALakhAmAM -AM ne tapAsIe to abhaNa-bhaNelA-nAgara e kramamAM ene jALavavAnI vimAsaNa kramazaH caDatI joI zakAya. A traNe vargo vacce spaSTa bhedo che ja, paNa abhaNa ane bhaNelA baMne vargomAMthI -AM no anusvAra jato rahyo che, ane nAgaromAM e sacavAyo che. (3) binazaherI nAgaro ane zaherI bhaNelAo baMnenAM valaNamAM thoDuM sAmya che : -AM jALavavA vize ochIvattI vimAsaNa. -AM nI mAphaka -uM nI paNa tapAsa karI che ane enAM pariNAmo paNa -AM nA jevAM ja rahyAM che. zaherI bhaNelAo ane abhaNonA uccAraNamAMthI eno anusvAra jato rahyo che. binazaherI nAgaro ane zaherI nAgaroe eno anusvAra jALavI rAkhyo che, ane e bannenI khAsiyatomAM ochIvattI vimAsaNano pharaka paNa che. uccAraNabhedo (ane dhvaniparivartana)nI bIjI tapAsa da aneDa nI herapheranI che. gujarAtI bhASAmAM evA dasabAra ja zabda che ke jenA uccAraNanA AdimAM da-hoya ane bIjA akSaramAM mUrdhanyasparza vA pArthika hoya (thaDakArAvALA Da sivAyanA). A dasabAra zabdo che : Da ghATa, daoNTa, ghaDha, doDha, dADhI, dALa, dALiyA, TvITayuM, ghUMTI. A badhA zabdonA uccAraNamAM avAranavA2 Adi vyaMjana 6-ne sthAne DasAMbhaLavA maLe che : DATa, DaoNTa, vagere. 'A sArUpya( daitya > mUrdhanyanuM)nI prakriyA samAjagata vargo sAthe upara carcelI rIte ja joDAI che. zaherI bhaNelA ane abhaNa badhA ja Da- vALA che. jyAre zaherI ane binazaherI nAgaro da- vALA che. vimAsaNano bhAvAbhAva paNa e ja rIte che. A ane AvI bIjI tapAsone pariNAme ame eTaluM tAravI zakyA chIe ke ApaNA bhASAsamAjamAM keLavaNI, jAti ane nivAsasthAna e traNa (ane kadAca

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68 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 bIjAM paNa haze) paribaLano uccAraNonI herapheramAM mahattvano phALo che. eka taraphathI - binazaherI abhaNa vi. zaherI abhaNa | binazaherI bhaNelo vi. zaherI bhaNelo binazaherI nAgara vi. zaherI nAgara - evA bhedo che, jyAre bIjI taraphathI - zaherI abhaNa, vi. zaherI bhaNelo vi. zaherI nAgara - evA bhedo che, e ema batAve che ke zaherI vastImAM bhedanI bhAvanA tIvra che, binazaherI vastImAM evI tIvra bhAvanA nathI. uccAraNanI khAsiyatone sAmAjika vyavasthA sAthe sAMkaLavAthI bhASA ane samAjanA saMbaMdhono khyAla Ave che, eTaluM ja nahIM, paNa bhASA ItihAsanI gati ane dizA vize anumAna karI zakAya che. sAnusvAra svaronI arvAcIna paristhitine AdhAre, gujarAtI bhASAnA itihAsanAM chellAM eka hajAra varSa daramyAna thayelAM keTalAMka dhvaniparivartano sArI rIte samajI zakAya che. gujarAtI bhASAnAM chellAM eka hajAra varSano itihAsa tapAsIe to eka mahattvanuM dhvaniparivartana ApaNuM dhyAna kheMce che : ekathI vadhAra akSaravALA zabdonA aMtya sAnusvAra svaro sAdA thaI gayA che. jUnI gujarAtInuM kriyApadanuM rUpAkhyAna joIe to - aMganAM vartamAnakALanAM rUpomAM e.va. ba.va. 1 pu. karauM karavuM 2 pu. karaI karI 3 pu. karaI karai . aMtya svaro sAdA che ke sAnusvAra e bheda upara ja AkhuM rUpAkhyAna Take che, kAraNa ke rUpo to e ja cheH karaI ane karau; mAtra svaro sAdA che ke sAnusvAra ene AdhAre bhedo paDe che. prAgujarAtI bhUmikAmAM aMtya -I ane -uM ane -I ane -uM bhedaka haze, tyArabAda madhyagujarAtIkALamAM A ja rUpAkhyAna e.va. 1 pu. 2, mu. kahuM kare ba.va. karuM (sAdayathI "karI-e). karo

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gujarAtI bhASAnAM vidhAyaka paribaLo 69 A rIte vikase che jethI dhvaniparivartana AI / aI > e; paNa au > o, auM > uM AvuM thAya che. e uparathI ema anumAna karI zakAya ke jUnI gujarAtIkALamAM ja aMtya I-I vacce bheda nahIM rahyo hoya, kAraNake aI-aI baMne eka ja rIte -e mAM vikase che. paNa aMtya uu vacce bheda avazya haze, kAraNa ke e baMneno uttarakAlIna vikAsa judo judo che : -au > -o, paNa auM - -uM. je saMjogomAM A aMtya sAnusvAra che sAdA I mAM bhaLI gayo haze e saMjogonuM anumAna, ApaNe arvAcIna kALamAM sAnusvAra - AM ane sAnusvAra - 6 sAdA - A ane sAdA - 1 mAM je saMjogomAM bhaLI jAya che ene AdhAre karI zakIe. jUnIgujarAtIkALathI madhyagujarAtI kALamAM thayelA A parivartana pAchaLa paNa AvAM ja sAmAjika paribaLo haze. koI ucca jAtinA ane varcasa dharAvatA vagae zarUAtamAM aMtya sAnusvAra -I sAcavyo haze, anyoe ene sAdA - I sAthe bheLavI dIdho haze. A sAdA -I nuM uccAraNa grAmINa ane asaMskArI lekhAyuM haze, chatAM Akhare e ja vyApaka banyuM haze. gujarAtI bhASAnA parivartananI eka dizA paNa rIte A sUcavI zakAya che. gujarAtImAM aMtya svaro tarIke -e, -o, athavA -a sAnusvAra vaparAyA ja nathI. eka hajAra varasa pahelAM iM, AM ane huM sAnusvAra vaparAtA hatA, temAMthI pAMcaso varasamAM madhyagujarAtIkALa eTale lagabhaga paMdaramI sadI) -iM sAnusvAra tarIke vaparAto baMdha thayo. tyArabAda bIjAM pAMcaso varasa bAda, eTale ke atyAranI gujarAtImAMthI - ane -uM vaparAtA lagabhaga baMdha thayA che. jo ke eka nAnakaDA jUthamAM e sacavAyA che. vaLI vyAkaraNazikSaNanI paraMparA enA vyavahArane puSTi Ape che, eTale sudhI ke potAnI navalakathAmAM lokabolI vAparanArA lekhako, bIjAM badhAM uccAraNo lokabolI-anusAra lakhavAno prayoga kare che, paNa e koInuM dhyAna A anusvAranI heraphera tarapha nathI eTale emanI lokabolImAM ya A sAnusvAra svaro vyAkaraNanI paraMparA pramANe ja lakhAya che!) jema kudaratamAM tema ja bhASAmAM koI Akasmika ghaTanAo nathI. dareka vAkaprayoga koI ne koI sAMskRtika paribaLonA cokaThAmAM baMdhabesato ja hoya che. dareka ukti vyAkaraNI artha uparAMta sAMskRtika arthanI paNa dyotaka hoya che. saMzodhano dvArA bhASA ane saMskRtine sAMkaLI zakAya to ja bhASA ItihAsanAM gatipreraka baLono khyAla AvI zake.'

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70 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 saMdarbhanoMdha : 1. juo, Turner, R. L, "Nepali Dictionary" prastAvanA, pR.13. 2. pUrvanA jUthe vize juo, Pattanayak D. P., "A controlled Historical Reconstruction of Oriya, Assamese, Bengali and Hindi", 201, 9688. 3. siMhalIne pUrvanA jUtha sAthe sAMkaLavAnI sara rAlpha TarnaranI dalIla mATe juo emano nibaMdha "Geminates after long Vowel in Indo-Aryan", "Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies", Vol. 30, part-1, 1967, pp. 73-82. 4. gujarAtImAM 'za' jaLavAI rahevA vize juo, Pandit P. B. "Indo-Aryan Sibilants in Gujarati, Indian Linguistics' volyuma 13, 1954. 5. gujarAtImAM vivRtta e ane onA vikAsa mATe juo, Turner, R. L, 'E and O vowels in Gujarati', 'Sir Ashutosh Mukerji Silver Jubille volume III, part 2, Orientalia.' pp. 337-47, Pandit P.B., 'E and O in Gujarati,' 'Indian Linguistics', vo, 15, 1956. f. Murmured Vowels 42 gril, Pandit P. B., 'Nasalisation, Aspiration and Murmur in Gujarati, Indian Lingasitics', vo. 17, 1957. 7. gujarAtI bhASAnA itihAsanI mukhya bhUmikAo mATe juo, Pandit, P. B, Historical Phonology of Gujarati Vowels', 'ndian Linguistics', va. 37-1, 196 1. 8. i-u pratyAyanA udgama vize juo, Dave, T. N, A Study of the Gujarati Language in the 16th Century (V.S.) with special reference to the is Balawabodha to Upadeshala' laMDana, 1935nI prastAvanA, pR.24. 9. hAlArI bolIonI sImAo vize juo AcArya zAMtilAlano aprakAzita mahAnibaMdha, "A Linguistic Study of Halari Dialect," amadAvAda, 1968. 10. gujarAtI bhASAsamAjanA saMbaMdho vize juo, Pandit P. Bno aprakAzita nibaMdha, Parameters of speech Variation in an Indian Community,' University of Illinois, Urbana, 1967. A saMzodhanamAM kSetrakArya karanArA traNa sahAyako, DaoN. zAMtilAla AcArya, DaoN. yogendra vyAsa ane ku. aMjanI kavino huM AbhAra mAnuM chuM. AMkaDAzAstrI DaoN. AgAMvakare Dekkana kaoNleja, pUnA) A badhI sAmagrIne sarANe caDAvIne tAraNo kADhI ApyAM e badala emano RNI chuM. 11. bhAratIya AryabhASAonA ItihAsamAM AvI ghaTanAo vizenAM anumAno mATe juo, Pandit, P. B., 'Sanskritic Clusters and Caste Dialects,' 'Linguistics', ai. 24, 1963.

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4 sAhityika pUrvaparaMpA harivallabha bhAyANI (1) prAdezika sAhityano udaya bhAratanI saMskRtottha bhASAonA sAhityano itihAsa jonArane tenI eka atyaMta lAkSaNika ghaTanA tarata ja dhyAnamAM Avaze. jyArejyAre sAhityabhASA ane lokabhASA vacce sAruM evuM aMtara paDI gayuM che, tyAretyAre lokabhASAnAM tattvovALI navI sAhityabhASA udbhavI che. vaidika bhASA ane ziSTa saMskRta, saMskRta ane prAkRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza, apabhraMza ane prAdezika bhASAo, te te prAdezika bhASAnuM 'ucca' ke 'sAdhu' svarUpa ane 'Ama' ke 'calita' svarUpa A sauno sAhityabhASA tarIke thayelo vikAsa ukta ghaTanAno sAkSI che. AmAM ghaNI vAra pahelo dhakko dhArmika paribaLo taraphathI maLato, paNa nATya jevAM dRzya svarUpomAM laukika paribaLo paNa prabhAvaka banatAM. - sAhityanA itihAsanI A lAkSaNikatAnI sAthe bIjI paNa eka eTalA ja mahattvanI lAkSaNikatA ApaNe noMdhavI joIe. nUtana sAhityano ane sAhityabhASAno udaya thavAne pariNAme pUrvapracalita sAhityabhASAno asta nahoto thato, te paNa sAthosAtha vaparAtI rahetI. prAkRtanI sAthe saMskRta, apabhraMzanI sAthosAtha saMskRta ane prAkRta ane prAcIna bhASAsAhityanI sAthosAtha saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza sAhityanuM kheDANa thatuM raheluM. mAtra arvAcIna samayano AmAM apavAda karavo paDaze. arvAcIna bhASAsAhityanA udaya sAthe saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMzano sAhityabhASAo lekhe asta thayo. sAhityika mAdhyamonA vikAsanI A eka lasarake dorelI AchI rUparekhAne, vikAsakramane vadhu dhyAnathI tapAsatAM aneka rIte maThAravI paDe e to dekhItuM che. khAsa karIne apabhraMzanI pachI je saMjogomAM prAdezika bhASAone sAhityika mobho prApta thayo che, te saMjogo amuka rIte nirALA ane AgavA hovAnuM taddana ughADuM che.

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72 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 I. 1000 lagabhaga bhAratanA itihAsamAM eka dharamULano vaLAMka Avyo hovAnuM pratIta thAya che. aitihAsika baLoe te samaye sarjelI paristhitine pariNAme ApaNe eka jabaruM sAMskRtika parivartana AraMbhAtuM ane vegapUrvaka sarvatra prasaratuM nihALIe chIe. e yugapalaTAnuM eka atyaMta mahattvanuM pAsuM ke pariNAma te prAdezika bhASAo ane sAhityono udgama. atyArasudhInI sAhityabhASAo - saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza - samagra bhAratanI sAhityabhASAo hatI. bhAratanA koI paNa pradezano kavi ke paMDita e bhASAomAM sAhityaracanA karato ane te sAhitya koI eka ja pradezanA nahIM, paNa samagra bhAratanA adhikArI zrotA ke pAThakane mATe hatuM. paNa I. 1000 lagabhaga e paristhiti amuka aMze mULabhUta rIte palaTAvA lAgI. vyApaka sAhityabhASAo uparAMta AgavAM sAhityono udaya thayo. AnAM kAraNomAM (1) akhila bhAratIya saMparko ochA thayA hoya ane prAdezika saMkocaka baLo vadhavA lAgyAM hoya; (2) lokavyavahAranI bolIo ane sAhityabhASAo vaccenuM aMtara eTaluM vadhI gayuM hoya ke lokasamUhane mATe paraMparAgata sAhityo vadhu ne vadhu durgama banatAM jatAM hoya; (3) uccatara sAMskRtika jIvana atyaMta sAMkaDA, uparanA varga pUratuM maryAdita rahetuM tene badale vizALa vargane temAM bhAgIdAra banAvavAnI anivAryatA lAgI hoya - AvAM ke anya koI kAraNo hoya, paNa have potapotAnA pradezanA loko sudhI pahoMce tevI bhASAmAM paNa sAhitya racavAnuM Avazyaka banyuM. AgaLanA saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza sAhityathI A navuM sAhitya je eka bAbatamAM juduM paDe che te e che ke A sAhitya te te prAdezika bhASAvistAranA lokone mATe ja hatuM; prAdezika bhASAonI vacce sArI evI bhinnatAne kAraNe eka pradezanuM sAhitya bIjA pradezane samajavuM paNa atyaMta muzkela hatuM. Ama dasamI zatAbdI AsapAsa bhAratIya sAhityanA itihAsamAM, je vyApakapaNe akhila bhAratIya na hoya, paNa sthAnika hoya tevAM sAhityono - prAdezika sAhityono uddabhava thayo. badalAyelA parivezane ane jIvanasaMdarbhane kAraNe abhivyakti, svarUpa ane sAmagrInI dRSTie navA sAhitye AgaLanA sAhityathI keTalIka bAbatomAM jude ja mArge gati karI. tenI carcA AgaLa Avaze. te uparAMta sAhityanA mAdhyama tarIke prayojAvAne kAraNe lokabhASAo paNa judI rIte ghaDAvA lAgI, ane temanA bhAvi para dUragAmI asaro paDI. mahAvIra ane buddhathI sthapAyelI sAhityanA laukikIkaraNanI (democratizationnI paraMparA lupta thayA pachI, madhya kALamAM tAMtrika ane siddhasaMta saMpradAyomAM tevuM valaNa pharI jovA maLe che, paNa te pachInuM dasamI zatAbdInA arasAmAM pragaTeluM nUtana valaNa tenI vyApakatA ane prabaLatAmAM AgaLanAM valaNothI taddana juduM paDI Ave che. ane temAM kevaLa dhArmika ja nahIM,

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sAhityika pUrvaparaMparA 73 paNa rAjakIya, Arthika ane sAmAjika baLoe paNa vyApaka bhAga bhajavyo hovAnuM svIkArIe to ja teno ghaTato khulAso maLe. | gujarAtI sAhitya pUratI vAta karIe to bAramI zatAbdInA uttarArdhathI ApaNane prAdezika bhASAmAM racAyelI kRtio maLavA lAge che, eTale hemacaMdrAcAryane apabhraMzanA aMtima pratinidhi gaNIne ApaNe cAlI zakIe. A je nUtana sAhityano udaya thayo te aneka rIte potAnI viziSTatA vikasAvatuM ane nirALI mudrA dhAraNa karatuM cAle che. sAthe e paNa spaSTa che ke purogAmI sAhityamAM paNa temAM ghaNA moTA pramANamAM anuvAda, anukaraNa ke anuvartana che, ane pachInA ghaNA lAMbA gALA sudhI paNa saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza sAhityono tenA para satata ane vyApaka prabhAva paDato rahyo che. AthI gujarAtI sAhityanAM mULa, udgama ane vikAsane yogya rIte samajavA mATe tenA purogAmI (ane samakAlIna saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza sAhityonI paraMparA ane praNAliono paricaya hovo atyaMta Avazyaka che. (2) saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza sAhityanI paraMparA dasamI zatAbdI sudhImAM saMskRta-prAkRta sAhityanA vividha prakAro vizALa pramANamAM kheDAI cUkyA hatA. AmAM (1) mahAkAvya, (2) gadyakAvya, (kathA, AkhyAyikA), (3) caMpU, (4) khaMDakAvyAsaMghAta), (5) muktaka (subhASitasamuccaya, koza), (6) laukika kathA, (7) daSTAMta kathA, ane (8) dazyakAvya(rUpaka, uparUpaka) evA prakAro laukika sAhityamAM hatA, to (1) paurANika AkhyAna, (2) dharmakathA(bodhakathA), (3) stotra vagere prakAro dhArmika sAhityamAM hatA. A uparAMta, vividha viSayone lagatuM zAstrIya sAhitya atyaMta vipula hatuM. gujarAta, rAjasthAna ane mALavAno samAveza karatuM pazcima bhArata paNa potAno phALo vividha sAhityaprakAro ane vidyAviSayomAM ApatuM AvyuM hatuM. ujjayinI, valabhI ane bhillamAla(ane pachIthI dhArA aNahilapATaka) te te samayanAM mahAna vidyAkeMdro hatAM, jemAM vividha praziSTa sAhityonA ane dharmonA mahattvanA graMtho racAyA hatA. mAtra thoDIka kaLazarUpa kRtionA nirdezathI paNa ukta pradezonI prabaLa paraMparAono aMdAja maLI rahe tema che : bhaTinuM 'rAvaNavadha', haribhadrasUrinAM 'samarAicakahA' ane dhUryAkhyAna', udyotanasUrinI caMpUkathA "kuvalayamAlA', siddharSinI 'upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA', hariSaNano bRhatkathAkoza te uparAMta zvetAMbara jainonA ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhityanI pracalita vAcanA valabhImAM taiyAra thayelI, tathA digaMbara jaina siddhAMtagraMtha vIrasenakRta "jayadhavalA' saMbhavataH gujarAtanA vATagrAmapuramAM samApta thayelo e hakIkato paNa atyaMta noMdhapAtra che.

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74 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 A pachI eka tarapha dhArAmAM, to bIjI tarapha aNahilla pATakamAM saMskRta-prAkRta sAhityakSetra navAM cetana ane baLathI dhamadhamatuM thAya che. AmAM bhoja ane hemacaMdranuM kArya sIne mokhare che. kathA, kAvya Adi sAhitya uparAMta vizeSe to temaNe lAkho zloka pramANa AkaragraMthonI racanA karI ane vyAkaraNa, koza, alaMkAra, chaMda, purANa, darzana, dharmazAstra vagere kSetronA jANe ke jJAnakozo banAvyA. temanA nikaTavartIo ane anugAmIono phALo paNa jevotevo na hato. moda desAInA jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa ane bho. ja. sAMDesarAnA "liTararI sarkala ova mahAmAtya vastupAlamAM temaja anyatra A kALanA je seMkaDo kartAo ane kRtionI mAhitI saMcita karAI che te uparathI joI zakAze ke IsavI bIjI sahasAbdInA AraMbhanA saikAomAM gujarAta-rAjasthAnamAM saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza sAhityonA jabbara pravAho vege vahI rahyA hatA ane temane paDakhe prAcIna gurjara sAhityanI paNa eka nAnI-zI saravANI pragaTIne vahevA lAgI hatI. lagabhaga pAMcamI zatAbdIthI apabhraMza sAhitya saMskRta ane prAkRta sAhityanI sAthosAtha kheDAvA lAgyuM hatuM. gujarAta, rAjasthAna, madhyadeza, mALavA, vidarbha vageremAM tenAM mukhya keMdro hatAM. apabhraMza vyAkaraNa ane chaMdoracanAne lagato je amuka pramANabhUta ane vyApaka vRttAMta ApaNI pAse che, te moTebhAge to gujarAtanA hemacaMdrAcAryanA graMthomAMthI ja maLe che. jaLavAyelA apabhraMza sAhityamAM ghaNo moTo bhAga digaMbara jaina sAhityano ane gujarAtanI bahArano che. zvetAMbara jainonuM ane gujarAta, rAjasthAna ane mALavAmAM racAyeluM apabhraMza sAhitya paNa tevuM ja vipula hovAnuM jaNAya che, paNa sAdhAraNanI 'vilAsavaIkahA,' haribhadrasUrinI neminAhacariya' ane dhAhilanI upamisiricarita' jevI thoDIka kRtio ja bacI che. 3) praziSTa sAhityono vAraso bhASAdRSTie apabhraMzane saheje prAkRtono ja eka prakAra gaNI zakAya che, paNa sAhityadRSTie apabhraMzanuM vyaktitva gaNanApAtra pramANamAM prAkRtathI nirALuM che. apabhraMzanAM keTalAMka AgavAM sAhityasvarUpo che, ane prAkRta chaMdograMthomAM apabhraMza chaMdono eka alaga vibhAga karelo che. - apabhraMza mahAkAvyanuM svarUpa saMskRta ane prAkRta mahAkAvyathI juduM hatuM. jema saMskRtamAM sargabaMdha che ane prAkRtamAM AzvAsakabaMdha che tema apabhraMzamAM saMdhibaMdha che. vRttAMtakathanAtmaka apabhraMza kAvyo - pachI te mahAkAvyanI zailIe racAyelAM paurANika ke caritakAvyo hoya athavA to koI nAno prasaMga ke ghaTanA laIne racAyela TUMkAM kAvyo hoya - saMdhibaMdha svarUpanAM hatAM. A varganAM kAvyomAM AkhI kRti amuka

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sAhityika pUrvaparaMparA 75 saMdhiomAM vaheMcAyelI hoya che. paurANika kAvyomAM pacAsa, poNoso ke zatAdhika saMdhio hoya. dareka saMdhi dasa paMdarathI mAMDIne trIsacALIsa sudhInAM kaDavakonI banelI hoya. dareka kaDavakamAM mukhya zarIra tarIke AThadasathI mAMDIne trIsacALIsa sudhInI prAsabaddha paMkti-joDa ke yamako hoya, ane temane aMte upasaMhArAtmaka cAra paMktio judA chaMdamAM hoya. kvacit kaDavakane AraMbhe paNa mukhaDArUpa be paMktio judA chaMdamAM hoya. ghaNuMkharuM dareka saMdhinAM badhAM kaDavakomAM mukhya bhAgano chaMda samAna hoya, ane te ja pramANe tenAM badhAM upasaMhArAtmaka ke upakramAtmaka dhruvako paNa samAna chaMdamAM hoya. to kvacit vaividhya khAtara koI eka saMdhimAM kaDavaka dITha judAjudA chaMdo paNa vAparavAmAM Ave. joI zakAze ke saMdhibaMdha eka sughaTTa potavALo racanAbaMdha hato. mahAkavi caturmukha, svayaMbhU ane puSpadaMtanA apabhraMza saMdhibaMdhono ApaNe udAharaNa tarIke nirdeza karI zakIe. = viSayomAM paurANika viSayo - mahAbhArata ane rAmAyaNanI kathA, tIrthaMkara ane cakravartI jevA paurANika mahApuruSonAM caritra athavA to itihAsa, daMtakathA ke lokakathAmAM prasiddha prabhAvaka, parAkramI ke dhArmika puruSonAM ciratra ane kathAkozothI mAMDIne nAnAMnAnAM rocaka ke bodhaka kathAnako sudhIno vyApa hato. pAchaLathI mAtra eka ja saMdhi dharAvatI 'saMdhi' nAmaka laghukRtio paNa racavA lAgI. apabhraMza kavi pAse chaMdonI bAbatamAM asAdhAraNa mokaLAza hatI. apabhraMzanA aneka AgavA chaMdo uparAMta te prAkRta ane kvacit saMskRta chaMdono paNa muktapaNe upayoga karI zakato. prAkRtanI jema apabhraMza chaMdo paNa mAtrika hatA. 16 mAtrAnA vadanaka ane paddhaDI tathA 15 mAtrAno pAraNaka e chaMdono saMdhikAvyamAM kAThuM bAMdhavA mATe upayoga thato. anyatra dvipadI, catuSpadI, paMcapadI ane SaTpadI chaMdo vaparAtA. be ke vadhu chaMdonAM saMvAdI mizraNo (dvibhaMgI ane tribhaMgI) paNa sArI rIte pracalita hatAM. apabhraMza mahAkAvya anivAryapaNe saMdhibaddha ja hoya evuM nahotuM, koI eka ja chaMdamAM akhaMDapaNe AkhuM mahAkAvya paNa racI zakAtuM; jemake hirabhadranA 'neminAhariya'no mukhya chaMda rA nAmano dvibhaMgI chaMda che. tenI pahelAM goviMda kavinuM kRSNaviSayaka kAvya paNa A ja chaMdamAM racAyuM hovAnA purAvA che. jema dIrgha ane vRttAMtAtmaka kAvyasvarUpa tarIke saMdhibaMdha apabhraMza sAhityanI viziSTatA hatI tema khaMDakAvyanI koTino rAsAbaMdha e tenI bIjI viziSTatA hatI. rAsAbaMdha madhyama ke laghu kadano hovA sAthe bhAvapradhAna raheto. vividha chaMdo vAparIne tenuM nirUpaNavaividhya sadhAtuM. rAsA, aDillA, dohA, vastu, SaTpada ke roLA, mAtrA, vadanaka, paddhaDI, dumilA, madanAvatAra, bhramarAvalI, dvipadI, skaMdhaka, gAthA, utsAha, mAgadhikA vagere chaMdo rAsAbaMdhamAM vaparAyA che. A uparAMta bIjA paNa rAsAbaMdhanA

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gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 eka-be prakAra hatA. vastu, vidArI, vistAritaka, dvipathaka ane gItikA vaDe banelAM saMkula ekamo vaDe paNa amuka prakAranA rAsA racAtA. A uparAMta dhavala, maMgala, utsAha, hariyALI, phUlaDAM, jhaMbaTaka jevA laukika gItaprakAro paNa hatA, ane geyatApradhAna tathA nRtyapradhAna uparUpakomAM paNa apabhraMzano upayoga thato. 76 apabhraMza chaMdo (ane pariNAme prabaMdho) pAThya hovA karatAM vadhu to geya hatA. vaLI temAM vaccevacce amuka aMza zAstrIya rAgamAM paNa rajU karAto. rAsAbaMdhanA amuka prakAra to nRtta sAthe tAlabaddha rIte rajU karavA mATe ja hatA. prAcIna gujarAtIne apabhraMzanAM A sAhityasvarUpo, chaMdo, racanAzailI ane varNanaparipATIno samRddha vAraso maLelo che. gujarAtI AkhyAnakAvyane amuka aMze saMdhibaMdhano vAraso maLyo che. avadhI bhASAnA premAkhyAnaka kAvya (jAyasInuM 'padamAvata', mullAM dAudakRta 'caMdAyana' vagere) ke tulasInA 'rAmaciratamAnasa'mAM vyakta thatI racanAparaMparA saMdhibaMdhanI jeTalI nikaTa che teTalI nikaTa gujarAtI AkhyAnazailI nathI e kharuM, paNa AkhyAnanuM kaDavAbaddha svarUpa, aMte Uthalo ane AraMbhe mukhaDuM tathA paurANika ane kathApradhAna viSaya mATe teno viniyoga vagere lakSaNo saMdhibaMdhano ja vAraso che. te ja pramANe prAcIna gujarAtI rAsAomAM apabhraMzanA eka rAsAprakAranuM anuvartana jaNAya che. pAdAkula copAI ane laghu copAI (eTale ke apabhraMzanA vadanaka ane pAraNaka), dohA, rAsA, vastu, roLA, ullAla, dumilA, madanAvatAra, bIjAM keTalAMka AMtarasama ane ardhasama mAtrAvRtto tathA tripadIo, paMcapadIo ane SaTpadIo vagere prAcIna gujarAtI sAhityanA atyaMta mAnItA chaMdo che. pahelAM karatAM dohAnI lokapriyatA vadhI che. hiragIta, jhUlaNA vage2e navAnavA chaMdo pracAramAM Ave che ane pUrvapracalita chaMdonA viniyoga paratve paNa keTalAMka navAM valaNo vikase che. laukika kathA mATe kathananA mAdhyama tarIke copAI, dohA ke baMnenuM mizraNa kAmamAM levAya che. AkhyAno mATe keTalIka 15+13, 15+11 jevI AMtarasamA catuSpadIo, paNa mukhyatve to apabhraMza chaMdomAMthI banelI vividha geya dezIo vaparAya che, ane te sAthe zAstrIya rAgo ane laukika gItonA DhALo paNa upayogamAM levAya che. ATalA u52thI apabhraMza sAhitya sAthe prAcIna gujarAtI sAhityano je atyaMta gADha saMbaMdha rahelo che teno kAMIka khyAla Avaze. gujarAtI sAhityanA itihAsamAM ApaNe jemajema arvAcIna samayathI pAchaLa jaIe chIe tematema ApaNane pratIta thAya che ke apabhraMza sAhityanA sArA evA paricaya vinA ApaNA jUnA sAhityane samajavuM, mANavuM ane mUlavavuM ghaNuM ja duSkara

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sAhityika pUrvaparaMparA 77 che, to bIje pakSe prAcIna gujarAtI sAhitya paNa apabhraMza sAhityane samajavAmAM ghaNuM sahAyaka bane che. apabhraMzottara kALanuM navodita bhASAsAhitya saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMzathI anabhijJa (eTale ke nirakSara) evA sAmAnya lokone mATe hatuM. kaMThastha gIto, kathAo Adi paraMparAgata lokasAhityathI A sAhityane bhinna gaNavuM paDaze. mukhya uddeza zuddha sAhityanA nahIM, paNa upadezAtmaka sAhityanA nirmANano hato - saMskRta-prAkRtamAM raheluM keTaluMka dhArmika sAhitya loko sudhI pahoMcADavAno hato. paNa zrotAonI maryAdita samaja ane saMskArabhUmikAnI tene maryAdA hatI. moTebhAge to te mAnya, pramANabhUta ke lokapriya mULa kRtionA anuvAda (sIdho, AMzika, saMkSipta ke vistArita) athavA navavidhAnanA rUpamAM hatuM. viSayo paurANika, caritAtmaka ke upadezAtmaka (dhArmika agara to sarvasAmAnya) rahetA. svarUpa paratve temAM apabhraMzanI paraMparA ja AgaLa cAlI, paNa kevaLa lokalakSI hovAthI moTe bhAge to te lokasAhityanAM svarUpo ane racanAzailIno paNa vadhu ne vadhu samAdara karatuM thayuM. saMskRta ane prAkRtano prabhAva mukhyatve to viSayasAmagrI pUrato hato. saMskRtaprAkRta kRtino sIdho anuvAda rUpAMtara ke saMkSepa na hoya tyAre paNa jUnI gujarAtI kRtionI vastusAmagrInA mULa srota tarIke prAcIna kRtio ja hoya che. khAsa karIne kathAsAhitya paratve to ApaNuM prAcIna sAhitya saMskRtanA ane vizeSe to prAkRtanA paurANika tathA kathAsAhityanA vipula bhaMDArane chUTe hAthe lUMTe che. aneka kathAghaTako ne kathAprakRtionAM mULa, vikAsa ane vistaraNanI tapAsa prAcIna ziSTasAhityane AdhAre ja thaI zake tema che. saMskRtaprAkRta kRtinI vastusAmagrI jUnI gujarAtI racanAmAM navA DhALAmAM DhALavAmAM AvI che. svarUpa pUrato to mAtra "dazakumAracarita' ke "kAdaMbarI' jevI gadyakathAno prabhAva kadAca pRthvIcaMdracarita' jevI AlaMkArika prAsabaddha gadyanI ("bolI ke "vacanikA' zailInI) racanAomAM joI zakAya. chaMdomAM saMskRta vRttono viniyoga jUnI gujarAtImAM thoDAthoDA pramANamAM paNa lagAtAra thato rahyo che. sAhitya anuvAdapradhAna hoIne tenI padAvali upara saMskRtano (tathA jaina kRtiomAM prAkRta apabhraMzano) sAro evo prabhAva paDyA vinA na ja rahe. jUnI gujarAtInA sAhitya upara saMskRtaprAkRta sAhityanA prabhAvanI vAta karatAM bIjI eka hakIkata paNa lakSamAM levAnI che. prAcIna temaja madhyakAlIna gujarAtI kRtionA ghaNAkharA kartAo saMskRtaprAkRtanA paMDita ke jANakAra hatA. (AmAM mAtra keTalAka saMto, bhajaniko ane uttarakAlIna lekhakono apavAda hato.) temAMnA aneka jaNe svayaM saMskRta ke prAkRtamAM graMtho racelA hatA. A hakIkatanuM paNa temanI gujarAtI kRtionAM vidhAna, zailI, padAvali Adine samajavA mATe ghaNuM mahattva che. AvA

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78 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 lekhakomAM revaMtagirirAsunA kartA vijayasenasUri, neminAtha catuSpAdikAnA kartA vinayacaMdra, neminAtha phAgunA kartA rAjazekharasUri, jayasiMhasUri, ratnamaMDanagaNi, taruprabha, somasuMdara, munisuMdara, mANikyasuMdara, merusuMdara, kulamaMDana, lAvaNyasamaya, samayasuMdara, yazovijaya, vasaMtavilAsakAra, zrIdhara vyAsa, asAIta, bhIma, kezavadAsa, bhAlaNa, harivilAsakAra, ratnezvara, caturbhuja, vizvanAtha jAnI, dayArAma - ema koDIbaMdha nAmo gaNAvI zakAya. jUnI gujarAtInAM AkhyAna, carita, rAsa ane kathA e prakAro svarUpanI daSTie apabhraMza sAhityano vAraso che. paThana, bAna ane abhinaya sAthe graMthika ke kathaka vaDe rajU karAtA paurANika upAkhyAnane bhoja ane hemacaMdra AkhyAna nAmanA eka viziSTa sAhityaprakAra tarIke svIkAryuM che, ane enAM udAharaNa tarIke saMskRta mArAkhyAna', 'sAmbAkhAna ane govindAkhyAnano nirdeza karela che. paNa A AkhyAno mizra gadya ane padyamAM hovAnuM jaNAya che. prAkRtamAM paNa haribhadrasUrikRta dhUkhyAna' kaTAkSAtmaka pratiracanA che, jemAM paurANika sAmagrInI anukRtivALAM pAMca gAthAbaddha AkhyAno ApelAM che. apabhraMzamAM jaina 'sulasaphakhANa(sulAsAkhyAna) maLe che, ane e prakAranA kaDavAbaddha apabhraMza AkhyAnanI ja praNAlika prAcIna gujarAtI AkhyAnamAM AgaLa cAlI che. upara nirdeza karyo che tema apabhraMzamAM pAchaLanA samayamAM "saMdhi' nAmaka keTalIka laghu racanAo maLe che jema ke kesIgoyama saMdhi," sIla saMdhi', "aMtaraMga saMdhi vagere), temAM maryAdita saMkhyAnAM kaDavakonI banelI eka saMdhi jeTalo ja kRtibApa hoya che. saMdhibaMdhanuM A eka laghutama svarUpa che. AvA saMdhikAvyanuM vistaraNa thaIne jUnI gujarAtInuM AkhyAnasvarUpa udbhavyuM hovAnI saMbhAvanAno paNa upara ullekha karyo che. AkhyAnanI jema apabhraMza sAhityanI je bIjI mahattvanI deNa che te 'rAsAbaMdhanA svarUpane svayaMbhU, hemacaMdra vageree vyAkhyAbaddha karyuM che. "rAsakamAM vaparAtA viziSTa chaMdonuM paNa apabhraMza piMgaLomAM vyavasthita ane savistara varNana che. samagra apabhraMza yuga daramyAna khaMDakAvyakoTinI racanAo tarIke rAsakano pracAra hato. svarUpadaSTie tenA ja be ke traNa prakAro hatA temAMthI ekAda-be prakAra prAcIna gujarAtImAM keTalAka parivartana sAthe cAlu rahe che. paNa A aMge hajI saMzodhana thayuM nathI. vaLI apabhraMza caritakAvya paNa prAcIna gujarAtImAM prabaMdha' "pavADu' vagere nAma nIce badalAyelA "rAso' svarUpamAM jaLavAyuM hovAnuM gaNI zakAya. A uparAMta laukika kathA, dharmakathA ane dRSTAMta kathAnI paNa prAkRta ane apabhraMzanI paraMparA gujarAtImAM AgaLa cAlatI rahI che. mAtrika chaMdonA pAyA para racAyelI geya dezIo tathA zAstrIya rAgono

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sAhityika pUrvaparaMpaca 79 upayoga uttarakAlIna apabhraMzathI ja zarU thaI gayo hato. svayaMbhUnA apabhraMza paurANika kAvya paumacariyaramAM temaja te pachInAM keTalAMka saMdhibaMdha apabhraMza kAvyomAM kaDavaka kayA rAgamAM gAvuM tenA nirdeza kvacit ApelA che. jayadevanA gItagoviMdamAM laukika racanAonI paristhitinuM pratibiMba paDeluM joI zakAya che. AgaLa jatAM gujarAtI sAhityamAM geya dezIo sArvatrika varcasva prApta kare che. padAvalI ane zailI para saMskRtano prabhAva hovo svAbhAvika che, paNa mukhyatve to temAM prAcIna gujarAtI sAhitya apabhraMzanI praNAlI jALave che. apabhraMzanAM viziSTa zabdo ane zabdaguccho, rUDhiprayogo, laDhaNo, kahevato, upamAno vagere ema ne ema ke jUja pheraphAra sAthe zatAbdIo sudhI gujarAtI sAhityamAM maLyAM kare che. jUnI gujarAtInA aneka bhASAprayogonI abhivyaktinI rItionI spaSTatA apabhraMzane AdhAre ja meLavI zakAya che. jyAre arvAcIna gujarAtImAM temanuM nAmanizAna paNa jaLavAyeluM nathI. apabhraMza tattva ghaTatuMghaTatuM paNa TheTha aDhAramI zatAbdI sudhI jUnI gujarAtI bhASA ane sAhityamAM cAlu rahe che. apabhraMza bhASA ane sAhityanI sArI evI jANa vinAnA jUnI gujarAtI sAhityanAM samajaNa, rasAsvAda ane mUlyAMkana taddana uparachallAM, adhUrAM ke ekAMgI ja rahevAnAM. saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza sAhityanI sAthe jUnI gujarAtInA sAhityano saMbaMdha ghaNe aMze biMba sAthe pratibiMbanA, nadI sAthe kulyAnA ke upajIvya sAthe upajIvInA saMbaMdha jevo che. samagrapaNe vyaktitvamAM potApaNuM hovA chatAM dRSTi ane bhAvanA, vAtAvaraNa ane viSayanirUpaNa, bhASAprayoga, zailI ane racanArIti dareka pAsA ke aMga para praziSTa racanAono prabhAva chavAyelo ke temAM anusmRta rahelo joI zakAya che.

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upasaMhAra harivallabha bhAyANI pratyeka pradezanI bhUgoLa te te pradezanA lokonA Arthika jIvanane ghaDanAruM eka pAyAnuM baLa che, ane te ja pramANe temanI Arthika tathA rAjakIya paristhiti temanA sAMskRtika jIvanamAM nirNAyaka baLanuM kAma kare che. eTale, sAhitya sAMskRtika jIvananuM eka aMga hoIne, koIpaNa sAhityanA kAlakramika vRttAMtane tenA bhaugolika, Arthika, rAjakIya tathA sAMskRtika saMdarbhamAM rAkhIne ApaNe joIe to ja tenuM viziSTa svarUpa, vikAsa ane caDatI paDatIne ApaNe samagratAthI ane yogya rIte samajI zakIe. A dRSTie ApaNe pahelA vibhAgamAM prathama gujarAtanuM - eTale ke gujarAtanA lokonuM ghaDatara karanArAM aitihAsika paribaLono paricaya karyo. ApaNe joyuM ke gujarAtanA rAjakIya sImADA satata pharatA rahyA che. dakSiNa bAju lATapradezano ghaNIvAra anya rAjyamAM samAveza thayelo che, to sAme pakSe keTalIka vAra gujarAta khAnadeza ke muMbaI sudhI paNa vistaryuM che. uttara ane pUrva bAju pazcima rAjasthAnanA ane mALavAnA pradezono paNa keTalAMka zAsano nIce gujarAtamAM samAveza thayelo, bIjI bAju pazcima rAjasthAnanA koI kendra ke ujjainamAMthI zAsana karatI sattA nIce gujarAtano keTaloka bhAga rahelo. saurASTra, lATa ane uttara gujarAta upara eka sArvabhauma sattA hoya tevI paristhiti ghaNA pAchaLanA samayamAM sthapAI che. AnAM pariNAmo sAMskRtika dRSTie ghaNAM mahattvanAM che. eka ja zAsana nIcenA paDozI pradezonA loko vacce sAMskRtika AdAnapradAnanI tako vadhe che. jema sAgarakAMTho ane vepAravaNajano vyavasAya parApUrvathI ahIMnA loko mATe bIjI saMskRtinI asaronA vAhaka rahyA che tema rAjyazAsanane lagatI paristhiti paNa samaye samaye navanavA prabhAvanuM kAraNa banI che. betriana grIko ane kSatrapono paradezI prabhAva, mauryonA ane guptonA kALamAM magadhano prabhAva, te pachInA dakSiNanA saikUTako, kaTacurio, cAlukyo ane rASTrakUTono dakSiNa gujarAta para prabhAva,

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upasaMhAra 81 pAMcamI chaThThI zatAbdIthI rAjasthAna ane mALavAno satata vadhye jato prabhAva vagereno A daSTie upara nirdeza karelo che. AmAM uttarapazcime siMdhano, uttare rAjasthAnano ane pUrva bAjue mALavAno prabhAva madhyakALamAM vizeSa mahattva dharAve che, ane temAM paNa rAjasthAnane pahelo darajjo Apavo ghaTe. | gujarAtanA sAMskRtika jIvananA keTalAka vANAtANAnuM jema A bhaugolika ane rAjakIya paribaLoe nirmANa karyuM tema dhArmika paribaLoe temAM tethI paNa adhika mahattvano phALo Apyo. vaidika, jaina ane bauddha paraMparAe IsavI pahelI sahasAbdI sudhInA ApaNA saMskAra ane sAhityanuM ghaDatara karyuM che. tyAM sudhInA sAhityanI bhAvanA ane svarUpa samajavA mATe ukta dharmasaMpradAyonAM AcAravicAra, mAnyatAo ane mUlyonI jANakArI anivArya che. AThamI zatAbdI pachIthI bauddha paraMparA ahIMthI lupta thaI che, paNa te pahelAM, IsavI sananA AraMbhathI maitraka kALanA aMta sudhInA gALAmAM, pAli ane Itara bhASAomAM bauddha sAhityanuM kheDANa gujarAtamAM paNa thayeluM. e ja gALAmAM temaja pachIthI laIne TheTha Aja sudhI) rAjasthAna ane gujarAta jaina dharmanAM paNa pramukha kendro hovAthI prAkRta ane apabhraMza sAhityamAM jenoe sarvAdhika pradAna karyuM che. temaNe saMskRtano paNa samAdara karyo che. siddhasena, mallavAdI, devaddhi, saMghadAsa, jinabhadra, jinadAsa, udyotana, jinasena, haribhadra, bapabhaTTi, siddharSi, hariSaNa, hemacaMdra vagere aneka prakAMDa paMDitoe nirmANa karela prAkRta, saMskRta ane apabhraMza sAhityanuM pramANa ghaNuM vizALa che. guNavattAnI dRSTie paNa temAM gaurava laI zakAya tevuM ghaNuM che ane kathAsAhityanA nirmANamAM to gujarAtarAjasthAnanA jenono phALo ananya che. A kathAsAhityamAM tatkAlIna samAjanA ucca varga karatAM vadhu to madhyama varganA lokonA jIvanamAMthI sAmagrI levAI che. te gALAnA vyApaka janajIvanano citAra meLavavAnuM te ghaNuM ja mUlyavAna sAdhana che. vaLI bhArata bahAra paradezamAM paraMparAthI pracalita aneka lokakathAonAM prAcIna svarUpo A prAkRta, saMskRta ane apabhraMza kathAomAM maLatAM hovAthI lokakathAonA aitihAsika ane tulanAtmaka adhyayana mATe paNa madhyayugIna kathAsAhityanuM asAdhAraNa mahattva che. vaidika paraMparAmAM ahIM kheDAyeluM saMskRta sAhitya akhila bhAratIya paraMparAo ane praNAlio jALave che. durga, skaMdasvAmI, bhakTi vagere nAmo samagra saMskRta sAhityamAM khyAti dharAve che. mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAnI giranAranI prazastimAM IsavI sananI bIjI zatAbdI jeTaluM vaheluM je AlaMkArika kAvyazailInuM ucca saMskRta gadya jovA maLe che te A pradezamAM saMskRta bhASA ane sAhityanA pahelethI ja thatA parizIlanano atyaMta mUlyavAna purAvo che. lalita sAhitya karatAM dhArmika ane

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82 gujasaMtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 zAstrIya sAhityanI tathA zAstrakAvya ane aupadezika kAvyanI pratye gujarAtanI vizeSa ruci rahI che. ApaNe e bhUlavAnuM nathI ke isavI sana 1000 pUrve pazcima rAjasthAna, gujarAta ane mALavAne sAMskRtika ane sAhityika ekama gaNavuM jarUrI che, ane e daSTie upara gaNAveluM samagra saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza sAhitya jeTaluM gujarAtanuM gaNAya, teTaluM ja rAjasthAnanuM ane mALavAnuM gaNAya. IsavI sananI pahelI sahasAbdInA aMta sudhI gujarAta akhila bhAratIya sAMskRtika pravAhonI sAthe ghaniSThapaNe saMkaLAyeluM hatuM. saMskArajIvananA badhA pradezomAM - dharma, sAhitya, praziSTa bhASA, kaLA, zAsanapraNAlI vagere viSayamAM sarvasAmAnya bhAratIya jIvanamAM te bhAgIdAra hatuM. tenI sthAnika, prAdezika, viziSTatAo na hatI evuM kahevAnuM tAtparya nathI. paNa tevI viziSTatAo mukAbale ThIkaThIka gauNa hatI, ane ucca saMskArajIvananI abhivyaktinI mudrA pradhAnapaNe akhila bhAratIya hatI. bhAratanAM anya saMskArakeMdro sAthe AdAnapradAnanI prakriyA satata, prabaLa ane sarvAgINa hatI, ane jema anyatra tema ahIM pazcima pradezamAM praziSTa bhASA ane sAhityanA kheDANanI eka dIrghakAlIna ane daDha paraMparA pravartatI hatI. - paNa IsavI sananI bIjI sahastrAbdIthI A paristhiti amuka aMze mULabhUta rIte palaTAI. sArvabhauma paribaLo moLAM paDyAM ane prAdezika vyaktitvanuM varcasa sthApatAM paribaLo ochevadhate aMze sarvatra vikasyAM ane puSTa thatAM gayAM. caulukyonA zAsana nIce gujarAtanuM svataMtra rAjakIya vyaktitva sthapAyuM ane pachInI zatAbdIomAM te paripuSTa thayuM. Ano spaSTa saMketa ApaNane sAhityaracanAnI sthApita praNAlImAM je eka navIna valaNano udbhava thAya che temAM maLe che. sAhityanA mAdhyama lekhe saMskRta uparAMta jyAre prAkRta, ane pachIthI apabhraMza bhASA calaNI banI tyAre paNa thoDeka aMze pUrvaparaMparAmAM navatara vaLAMka AvelA kharA. paNa ekaMdare e vaLAMko nAnA baLavAnI koTinA nIvaDyA, jyAre IsavI sana agiyAraso lagabhaga sAhityika mAdhyamamAM thayelo vikAsa ghaNo krAMtikAraka puravAra thayo. eka tarapha madhyapradezanA bhASAjUthathI (eTale ke prAka-pazcimI hindIthI), to bIjI tarapha dakSiNa-pazcimanI marAThIkoMkaNIthI pazcimanI rAjasthAnI-gujarAtI judI paDI ane paraMparAgata sAhityabhASAo saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza uparAMta A lokabhASAmAM rAjasthAnI-gujarAtImAM paNa sAhitya racAvA lAgyuM. A ghaTanAnuM asAdhAraNa mahattva e rIte che ke sAhityika prAkRta apabhraMza prAdezika nahIM, paNa akhila bhAratIya mAnya bhASAorASTrabhASAo hatI, ane e daSTie teo saMskRtanI samakakSa hatI. sAhityika vyavahAranAM e traNeya sarvasAmAnya vyApaka mAdhyama hatAM. AnA virodhamAM, A samayamAM pracAramAM AvelAM navAM mAdhyamo kevaLa te pradeza pUratAM ja mAdhyamo hatAM. temAM racAyelAM

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upasaMhAra 83 sAhityo kevaLa te te pradezanAM loko mATe ja hatAM. Ama IsavI bIjI sahastrAbdIthI bhAratIya pradezonuM rAjakIya, bhASAkIya ane sAhityika dRSTie AgavuM vyaktitva spaSTa rUpe sthApita thatuM gayuM. sAhityika prAkRta ane apabhraMza sAdhAraNa janatA mATe sArA pramANamAM dudha banI gayAne kAraNe ja havethI lokabhASAmAM paNa sAhitya racavuM jarUrI banyuM. e yAda rAkhavAnuM che ke sAthosAtha saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMzamAM paNa sAhitya racavAnI pravRtti cAlu ja che. prAdezika sAhitya ghaNuMkharuM to azikSita janasamUha mATe - jemanI saMskRta, prAkRta ke apabhraMza sudhI pahoMca na hatI tevA vargo mATe ja racAtuM hatuM. eka dRSTie jotAM sAhityanA racanArAoe vizALa samAjanA saMskAra-ghaDataranuM kArya potAne mAthe lIdhuM. praziSTa sAhityano prAcIna paraMparAgata vAraso prAdezika bhASA dvArA loko sudhI pahoMcADavAnuM temaNe AraMbhya. seMkaDo prAcIna kRtionAM anuvAda, rUpAMtara, punarvidhAna ke navanirmANa lokabhogya bhASA ane zailImAM ane samakAlIna jIvanano pAsa lagADIne prastuta karavAnA pracaMDa ane bhagIratha kAryanA gaNeza maMDAyA, ane AThaso varasa sudhI e pravRtti cAlu rahI. ApaNe AgaLa joIzuM ke A prayojana siddha karavA mATe Avazyaka evuM lokabhASAnuM navanirmANa karavAnuM kArya paNa e lekhakoe prazasya rIte pAra pADyuM. uttarakAlIna apabhraMze bolacAlanI bhASAnAM tattvo laIne amuka vyApakatA sAdhI hatI. saMskRta ane prAkRtanA jarUrI zabdo, prayoga vagere apanAvIne prAdezika sAhityakAroe vicAra ane bhAvanI yogya abhivyakti mATenuM ane kathana, varNana vagerenI anukULatA Ape evuM bhASAkIya mAdhyama saphaLatAthI ghaDI kADhyuM. pazcimanA saMparka pachI arvAcIna samayamAM ogaNIsamI zatAbdImAM pharIthI gujarAtI vagere arvAcIna bhAratIya bhASAo sAme abhivyakti siddha karavAnI samasyA AvI UbhI tyAre ApaNA lekhakoe je koI siddhi prApta karI che tenI sAthe prAcIna-madhyakAlIna lekhakonI siddhi temanA prayojananI maryAdAmAM) sarakhAmaNImAM UbhI rahI zake che te ApaNe have pachI joIzuM. A navIna sAhityanAM svarUpa, vyApa ane mUlya samajavA mATe keTalIka pAyAnI hakIkato lakSamAM rAkhavAnI che. A sAhitya azikSita janasamUhanAM saMskAraghaDatara ane manoraMjana mATe racAyuM che. tenA racanArAo (saMta bhaktanA thoDAka apavAda) saMskRta Adi praziSTa bhASAomAM paNa racanA karatA ke te bhASAonA sAhityanA jANakAra hatA. A sAhitya "zrauta' hatu, pAkya' nahIM - ghaNuMkharuM te saMbhaLAvavA mATe hatuM, zrotAo mATe hatuM. pAThako mATe nahIM. ghaNe aMze A sAhitya saMskRta ane prAkRta sAhityanuM upajIvI hatuM. A sau kAraNone lIdhe, ApaNe A pachInA vRttAMtamAM joIzuM tema, bhASA-sAhityamAM upadezAtmaka aMzanI prabaLatA rahI che. zuddha

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84 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMthaH 1 sAhityika racanAo ochI che. svarUpe ane bhAvanAe te, ghaNA pramANamAM, ucca ke "vidagdha hovA karatAM laukika koTinuM che. A vidhAno A sAhityanA sarvasAmAnya prakAra ane prakRti paratve samajavAnAM che. temAM tenI guNavattA vizeno kazo pUrvanirNaya abhipreta nathI. prAcIna praziSTa sAhityamAMthI pradhAnapaNe poSaNa meLavatuM A bhASAsAhitya abhivyaktinI potAnI ja tareho vikasAve che. chaMdovidhAna, svarUpa-vidhAna, bhAvAlekhana, kathanazailI ane varNanazailI paratve te potIkA mArge vicare che. have sAhitya atyaMta maryAdita ucca varganI mUDI na rahetAM, thoDeghaNe aMze paNa vyApaka janajIvananA dhabakAra jhIlavA lAge che, ane eTalA pramANamAM te jIvaMtapaNuM ane tAjagI dharAvatuM thAya che. AnuM savistara darzana A pachInA bIjA vibhAgamAM ApaNe karIzuM.

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gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 1 * vibhAga 2

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5 sAhitya: prAcIna kALa (I.1150-1450) kezavarAma kA. zAstrI prAstAvika gujarAtanA vividhazAkhIya itihAsamAM mULarAja solaMkIthI zarU thato kALa bhAratIya itihAsamAM paNa eka tejasvI suvarNayuganAM bIja vAvI rahyo hato. zilpa-sthApatya ane sAhitya-racanAnI dRSTie vavAyelAM bIja AgaLa jatAM sAMskRtika daSTie puSTa thaI vizALa vRkSorUpa banyAM, jenAM vividha phaLa mUrta svarUpamAM gujarAtano bhavya vAraso banI rahyAM. jyAre ApaNe emAM gujarAtI sAhityanAM bIjonI vAta karIe chIe tyAre pahelI ja najare siddharAja jayasiMha ane enA anugAmI kumArapALano rAjyakALa darzanapatha upara Ave che. e baMne rAjavIonA samayamAM emanA dvArA ucca koTinuM mAna pAmelA ane aNahilapura pATaNane ja potAnI karmabhUmi tarIke dIpAvI gayelA AcArya hemacaMdrasUri(I.1106-1173)e "siddhahema' nAmaka samRddha saMskRta vyAkaraNano AThamo adhyAya prAkRta bhASAonA vyAkaraNa mATe alaga rAkhyo ane emAM jaina mahArASTrI, zaurasenI, mAgadhI, paizAcI, cUlikApaizAcI ane apabhraMza e cha bhASAonuM vyAkaraNa bAMdhI ApI emAMnI chaThThI, "apabhraMza' tarIke sUcavelI, bhASAnAM to lokone mukhe taratAM padya udAhata karI e bhASAnA sAhityanI vAnagI paNa sAthosAtha pIrasI ApI. A apabhraMza bhASA te e samayanI ziSTa bhASA hatI ke koI eka prAMtIya bhASA hatI e bAbate vidvAnomAM matamatAMtara maLe che, paNa eTaluM nizcita che ke emAM ApavAmAM AvelA vikalpone kAraNe emAM koI prAMtIya tattva paNa UpasI Ave che. A prAMtIya tattva hoya to e AcArya hemacaMdra je pradezanA hatA tyAMnuM hoI zake. AcAryanuM janmasthAna amadAvAda jillAnI pazcimadakSiNa sImAe AveluM dhaMdhukA, emanI vihArabhUmi saurASTra ane taLagujarAta, ane emanI karmabhUmi solaMkI rAjavIonI sArasvata maMDala kivA uttara gujarAtanI rAjadhAnI aNahilapura pATaNa. solaMkI zAsananI pUrve, bhaugolika dRSTie

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88 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 alabIrunIe jene gujarAtI kahelo te pradeza to jayapurathI laIne pazcima mAravADano hato ne enuM keMdrasthAna bhinnamALa hatuM. mULarAjano pitA rAji mAravADa upara paNa jenuM zAsana hatuM tevA kalyANInA pratIhAra rAjavaMzanA pratinidhi tarIke bhinnamALamAM sAmaMta koTino zAsaka hato. mULarAje mAmAne vArase cAvaDA vaMzanA aMta sAthe sArasvata-maMDaLa(uttara gujarAta)nI sattA hAthamAM lIdhI, e pachI, gurjara deza-pazcima mAravADanA satyapura-maMDaLano paNa, paitRka vArase, e zAsaka banyo ane e rIte gurjarezvara' thayo; e kAraNe sArasvata-maMDalanA pradezano samAveza paNa gurjara rAjyamAM svataH thayo, je AgaLa cAlatAM pazcima mAravADa mATe vaparAto baMdha thayo ane sArasvata-maMDaLathI AgaLa vadhI dakSiNa taraphanA lATa pradeza sudhI paNa jai pahoMcyo. bezaka, siddharAja jayasiMhanA pitA karNanA samayamAM lATamaMDala'nuM astitva jovA maLe che kharuM." siddharAja jayasiMhanA samayamAM to have spaSTa rIte uttara gujarAtano pradeza gurjara-maMDala' ke 'gurjaradeza' banI rahe che ane rAjavaMza ane prajAne mATe paNa "gurjara' zabda pracalita thAya che. solaMkIonA zatru, mAlava pradezanA suprasiddha rAjavI ane saMskRta bhASAnA ucca kakSAnA vidvAna tarIke khyAtanAma paramAravaMzanA bhojadeve potAnA 'sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa' nAmanA sAhityazAstranA graMthamAM Takora karatAM AvuM ja nirdoravuM che, jemake - zRNvanti laTabhaM lATAH prAkRtaM sNskRtdvissH| apabhraMzena tuSyanti svena, nAnyena gaurjarAH / / (saMskRtano dveSa karanAra lATadezavAsIo suMdara prAkRta sAMbhaLyA kare che, ane gaurI to evA che ke emane potAnA, nahi ke bIjAnA, apabhraMzathI saMtoSa thAya che.]. AcArya hemacaMdrano apabhraMza "gaurjara apabhraMza hato ke nahIM eno khyAla karavA na rokAie topaNa teTaluM to spaSTa che ke e yugamAM taLa-gujarAtanI bhUmi mATe 'gaurjara apabhraMzano vikAsa sulabha hato. e samaye mAtra uttara gujarAtamAM nahi, samagra rAjasthAnamAM ane madhyapradeza temaja nimADa sudhI A eka apabhraMzanuM sAmrAjya pravartatuM hatuM, jemAM saMskRtanA pakSapAtI bhojadevano mAlavapradeza paNa apavAdamAM na hato. zuddha gujarAtI lAkSaNikatA spaSTa svarUpamAM paMdaramI sadImAM sthApita thaI tyAM sudhI A pradezonI - mukhyatve jaina sAhityakAronI racanAo ja labhya hoI - bhASA ke bolIomAM A tatva UpasI Ave che. arthAt jene 'rAsayuga' evI gujarAtI sAhityanA itihAsa mATe suyogya saMjJA maLI che te yuganA samagra sAhityane mAravADI-mevADI, TUMDhALI (jayapurI), mevAtI, hADautI, mALavI ane nimADI sAthosAtha gujarAtI sAhityanI sahiyArI mUDI tarIke ja jovAnuM rahe

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sAhitya: prAcIna kALa 89 che. Azcarya mAtra e che ke chellAM doDhaso varSathI sAhityanuM vAhana banelI ane dilhI-mIranA pradezamAM ja sImita hatI tevI hiMdI bhASA ane enA sAhityano ItihAsa lakhanArA hiMdInA vidvAnoe rAjasthAnIne hiMdInI ja eka zAkhA mAnI laIne rAsayuganA mukhyatve gujarAtamAM vikaselA sAhityane hiMdI sAhityanA ItihAsanA AdikALa tarIke biradAvyuM che. paraMtu have hiMdI vidvAnono paNa eka varga spaSTa rIte mAnI rahyo che ke rAjasthAnI bolIono nikaTano saMbaMdha gujarAtI sAthe che ane tethI hiMdI sAhityanA ItihAsamAM enA vivaraNanI koI jarUra nathI. bhASAvikAsanI dRSTie A yuga 'uttara apabhraMzano che. A yugamAM maLatI racanAo - ghaNI hajI aprasiddha paNa che - jaina sAhityakArone hAthe vikaselI che. "rAsayuganA aMta pAse asAIta ane bhIma jevA laukika kathAonA sarjako paNa jaina sAhityakAronI praNAlImAM ja sAhityapradAna karI gayA che eTale narasiMha mahetAthI zarU thatA "Adibhaktiyuga'nI pahelAM, sAhityaprakAromAM vaividhya chatAM pravAhamAM vaividhya khAsa jovA maLatuM nathI. sAMskRtika paristhiti Aja sudhI UtarI AvelA gujarAtanA saMskAronA mULamAM solaMkIkALano saMskArapravAha sUcaka koTino jovA maLe che. brAhmaNo ane kSatriya-rAjapUtonA samAjanI sUcakatA sAthe vaizyono - mAtra kRSi upara jIvanArA kheDUto nahIM, paraMtu vepAra-vaNaja upara jIvanArAono - paNa eka cokkasa varga A yugamAM gujarAtane maLyo. sthAnika moDha vaNiko gujarAtamAM moDherAthI ja prasarelA hatA. ane AcArya hemacaMdrano janma dhaMdhukAmAM moDhajJAtimAM thayo hato. moDha vaNikomAM e samaye mAhezvarI ane jaina evA dhArmika daSTie be vibhAga hatA, paraMtu sAmAjika svarUpe emano alaga varga nahoto. madhyagujarAtamAM khaDAyatA vaNiko sUryopAsaka hatA, to lATa pradezanA lATa vaNiko mAhezvarI hatA. osavALa ane poravADa vaNiko mULamAM rAjapUtomAMthI vikaselAo)no pravAha cAvaDA zAsanathI zarU thayelo jovA maLe che. AbunA devAlaya-samUhamAMthI vimalavasahIno vikAsa karanAra vimala maMtrInA pUrvajo gaMbhUtAmAMthI nIkaLelA jovA maLe che, paNa e mAravADathI AvelA pravAhamAMnA hatA. e kALamAM traNa koma uttara gujarAtamAM, eka madhyagujarAtamAM ane eka lATadakSiNa gujarAtamAM bhAratIya saMskRtinI praNAlImAM rahI e samayanI tejasvitAne bhAre ronaka arpe che. bhAratavarSa pAse enI nagarasaMskRtino AraMbha mohejo-daDo ane haDappAnI kahevAtI siMdhu saMskRti ane jenI avicchinna paraMparA kaccha-saurASTra ane taLa

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90 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 gujarAtamAM jANavAmAM AvI che temAM maLe che. cAvaDA vaMzanA saMsthApaka vanarAja cAvaDAe IM. 848mAM ke najIkanA samayamAM aNahilapura pATaNamAM paMcAsarathI upADI rAjadhAnI sthApI'' tyAre e nagaranI viziSTa prakAranI mAMDaNI thai hoya evuM enA atyAre bacI rahelA avazeSonA darzanathI jANI zakAya che. pATaNanuM vanarAjanA samayamAM je koi nAnuM yA moTuM svarUpa hoya, paraMtu solaMkIkALamAM to e eka samRddha naga2 enI nagara-saMskRtine anurUpa banI cUkyuM hatuM. siddharAja jayasiMhanA samayamAM e nagarane enI najIkamAM sahasraliMga jevuM vizALa taLAva baMdhAtAM kevo opa maLyo haze e e sthAnamAM AjanI bacIsacI sthiti paNa khyAla ApI zake ema che. siddharAja jayasiMhanA pitAe 'karNasAgara'taLAva baMdhAvyuM te amadAvAdanA AjanA kAMkariyA taLAvanuM asala sthAna, 12 to prabhAsa pATaNanA vAyavya bhAge evuM ja eka vartuLAkAra taLAva (taddana naSTa thai cUkela), dhoLakAnuM malAva taLAva, viramagAmanuM munasara taLAva vagere te te nagarane samRddhi ApanArAM taLAva hatAM. ziva-viSNu-sUrya-aMbAnAM anekAneka devAlayo ane vipula pramANamAM jaina derAsaro solaMkIkALanI sthApatya-samRddhinA, nagaro ane taLAvonI kakSAnA, ucca namUnA che. lokonI vezabhUSA paNa cokkasa prakAranI hatI te jema maMdiro-derAsaromAMnI mUrtio ane yajamAnonI pratimAomAM jovA maLe che te pramANe citromAM paNa jovA maLe che. solaMkIkALamAM tADapatro para graMtho lakhAtA hatA temAM keTalAka sacitra paNa maLe che. A citromAM rAjAo, amAtyo, rAjAnA paricArako, rANIo, emanI dAsIo, senAnIo, vividha prakAranAM prajAjano, strIo, bALako, ane e uparAMta vividha prakAranAM vAhano (hAthI ghoDA ane kvacit ratho)nAM paNa dazya sulabha che. A prakAranAM bhinnabhinna sAdhano dvArA ApaNane sUtradhAravarga-kaDiyA ane suthAro, sonI ane kaMsArA, kuMbhAro ane citrakAronI viudha kaLAono khyAla Ave che. solaMkIkALamAM aneka nATyakRtionI paNa racanA thaI hatI ane te te kRtinI prastAvanA jotAM amuka cokkasa sthaLe e bhajavavAmAM AvI hatI AvatI hatI. nATyakRtionA racanArA vidvAnono eka cokkasa varga A kALamAM Ubho thayo haze, e uparAMta, nAmanirdezo na maLatA hovA chatAM nATako bhajavanArAono paNa eka varga A kALamAM Ubho thayo haze. jenI paraMparA aNahilapura pATaNa ane AsapAsanAM aneka gAmomA patharAyelI nAyaka' nAmathI jANItI brAhmaNa komamAM, gAyako tarIke gAMdharvonI komamAM, ane lokanATyamAM temaja nATyamAM pravINa gaNAtI vyAsa brAhmaNonI komamAM, jovA maLe che. nRttakalA ane nRtyakalAnAM eMdhANa pakaDAtAM nathI, chatAM karNanA pitA bhImadevanI eka rANI bakulAdevInA dRSTAMta uparathI kahI zakAya ke solaMkIkALamAM A kaLAmAM niSNAta dhaMdhAdArI strIvarga paNa haze. ane A badhI lalita kaLAo ane

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sAhitya: prAcIna kALa 91 vidyAonA zikSaNa mATe zALAo paNa koI ane koI svarUpamAM haze. lakuTArAsa' ane tAlArAsa' jevAM samUha-nRtto ane gAyakonAM gAna e te-te vidyAnA vyApaka pracAranAM dyotaka che. yugabhAvanA vaicArika saMcalano, pravAha ane paribaLonA prANarUpa hoya to e yugabhAvanA' che. solaMkIkALa sAMskRtika dRSTie enI ThIkaThIka ucca kakSAe pahoMcyo hato. rAjavIo udAtta ane mukta mAnasanA hatA e emanA darabAromAM vidvAno, kaLAkArIgaro ane zreSThIonA thatA samAdarathI joI zakAya che. bhImadeva-pahelAnA samayamAM thayelA, samudranA juvALanI jema AvelA, mahamUda gajhanavInA AkramaNanA eka mAtra apavAde rAjA ane prajA bahAranAM AkramaNothI mukta hatI, aMdaraaMdaranI khAsApasI ane IrSyA-adekhAInuM koI khAsa cihna jANavA maLatuM nathI, ajayapAlanA kahevAtA apavAde.' dharmasahiSNutA e paNa solaMkIkALanuM eka AgavuM lakSaNa thaI cUkyuM che. valabhInA maitrakonA darabAramAM jema bauddho ane sanAtanIone mATe samakakSa sthAna hatuM te pramANe solaMkI rAjavIonA darabAramAM jeno ane sanAtanIone mATe samakakSa sthAna hatuM. A sahiSNutAnI ane samanvayanI bhAvanA e kaLAnuM sUcaka lakSaNa kahI zakAya. dezamAM zAMti hatI, loko sukhI hatA, vepAravaNaja ane gRha-udyoga paNa sAro hato, A badhuM tatkAlIna utkIrNa lekho ane sAhityika racanAomAM anubhavI zakAya che. A kALamAM racAyelI kAvyo-nATako jevI saMskRta racanAo, jenAgama graMthonI saMskRta vRttio, thoDIka prAkRta kAvyaracanAo, apabhraMza racanAo, ane vikasatA AvatA uttara apabhraMzanI rAsaphAgu-bAramAsI-mAtRkAo jevI vipula racanAomAM e yugamAnasano khyAla Ave che. eTaluM kharuM ke e kALa gujarAtanI sImAomAM sImita hato ane kutubuddIna aibaka ane chelle alAuddIna khalajInA saradAra ulughakhAnanA AkramaNanA apavAde bahAranA loko sAthenA koI khAsa jhaghaDAothI mUMjhAyelo nahoto. siddharAja jayasiMha ane kumArapALanA zAsanakALamAM to gujarAtanI sImAo paNa ThIkaThIka laMbAI hatI, paraMtu emAM yugabhAvanAne vikSipta thavAnAM koI kAraNa maLyAM nahotAM. bhImadevabIjAnA samayamAM zahAbuddIna ghorInA chellA AkramaNe pRthurAja cauhANanuM astitva bhUMsAyuM hatuM. sAthesAthe gujarAtanI sImA paNa sAMkaDI thatI cAlI hatI, jene varadhavala ane visaladevanA samayamAM surakSita karavAmAM AvI hatI. vAghelA-kALamAM vastupALa-tejapALa jevA maMtrIoe gujarAtane aneka kSetromAM caDatI tarapha laI javAno prayatna karyo hato. A badhAmAM cokkasa prakAranI mAnasika svasthatA anivArya

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gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 che te e kALanI lAkSaNikatA che. AvI paristhitio solaMkI-vAghelAkALamAM sarajAtI rahI hatI ane tethI bIjI kaLAonI jema sAhityakaLA paNa vikasI hatI. sAhityakAroe vipulatAthI saMskRta-prAkRta sAhitya-racanAo karI hatI. emanI pAse mAnasika svasthatA hatI, rAjakIya ane prajAkIya protsAhana hatuM, abhyAsa ane anubhava mATe mukta vAtAvaraNa hatuM. eka bAbata jarUra anubhavAya che ke tatkAlIna samAjane ja lakSyamAM rAkhI racanAo thaI hoya evuM saEze mAlUma paDI AvatuM nathI. enuM kAraNa zAstrarUDhi che. vAgbhaTa, AcArya hemacaMdra, emanA ziSya rAmacaMdra vagere zAstrakAroe prAcIna paraMparAmAM rahI sAhityazAstranA graMthonI racanA karI hatI temAM je praNAlI hatI te ja emanA pachInA sAhityakAromAM jovA maLe che, eTale navInatA na paNa lAge, ema chatAM 'hrayAzraya' kAvya ane enI paraMparAmAM tatkAlIna rAjavIo ane amAtyonI prazastirUpe lakhAyelA kAvyAdi graMthomAM tatkAlIna puruSonAM ciracitraNo sAthe tatkAlIna vAtAvaraNano paNa anubhava karI zakAya; paNa emAM nirUpaNa-paddhati to kAvyazAstranA graMthoe sthApI Apela kavi-saMpradAyanI ja rahI che. 92 zuddha sAhityagraMthone bAda karatAM jaina sAhityakArone hAthe prAkRta apabhraMza ane vikasatA uttara apabhraMzanI racanAomAM ApaNane dharmacaritonAM ane tethI dhArmika vAtAvaraNanAM darzana thAya che. A dhArmika paribaLa A sAhityakAronI racanAmAM anubhavAya che ane ene kAraNe kavimAM hovI joIe tevI ucca pratibhAnAM darzana AmAM bhAgye ja thAya che. A kALanA saMskRta bhASAnA sAhityakAromAM paNa bhavabhUti mAgha ke bhAti yA bANanI pratibhAnAM ApaNane darzana nathI thatAM. sAhityanAM preraka ane vidhAyaka baLono vicAra karIe chIe tyAre tatkAlIna yugabhAvanAnuM baLa anubhavAya che. sAhityaracanAone kAM to rAjA ane amAtyo taraphanuM baLa hatuM athavA to dharmanuM baLa hatuM, A sivAya bIjAM baLa e kALamAM anubhavavAmAM AvatAM nathI. A racanAomAM ApaNe bhAratIya saMskRtinAM darzana ka2vA DokiyuM karIe chIe tyAre upara batAvyuM tema, cIlAcAlu prakArano anubhava thato hoya che, UDIne AMkhe caDe tevuM koI AgavuM tattva jovA maLatuM nathI. 'uttara apabhraMza'mAM to dhArmika tattva ja bhArobhAra bhareluM hoI bhAratIya saMskRtinI je praNAlI vizALa saMskRta sAhityamAM anubhavAya che tenuM ja AmAM anusaraNa jovA maLe che. tatkAlIna bhAratIya saMskRtine koI AgavuM tattva hatuM ema kahI zakavAnI sthitimAM ApaNe nathI. e kharuM che ke 'rAsayuga'nA aMtabhAga najIka ApaNane jaina sAhityakAro temaja jainetara sAhityakArone hAthe laukika kathAo saMgrathita thayelI jovA maLe che. haMsa

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sAhitya: prAcIna baLa 97 vacchanI vArtA athavA haMsAvalInI vArtA ane sadayavatsakathA, A be kathAomAM koI paNa prakAranA sAmAjika viziSTa baMdhanamAM jakaDAyelAM na hoya tevAM pAtronuM citraNa maLe che. solaMkI-vAghelAkALanA aMta pachI muslima zAsanakALamAM prajA "bicArI' thatI jatI hatI. pUrvakALamAM ja cAritryanI bhAvanA prabaLa hatI ane muslima kALamAM e bhAvanA vadhu tIvra banI hatI; strI-puruSonA mukata vicaraNano e kALa ja na hato, evA vAtAvaraNanuM prabhutva hatuM tyAM AvI mukta vicaraNavALAM strIpuruSonAM citraNa ApanArI kathAo pAchaLa tatkAlIna baLa hatuM ja nahi. e ja kAraNa che ke mAtra "rAsayuga' mAM ja nahi, paraMtu e pachInA "Adibhaktiyuga' AkhyAnayuga" ane "uttara bhaktiyugamAM laukika kathAonI racanAo taddana svalpa saMkhyAmAM thaI che. AvI kathAomAM tatkAlIna samAjanuM citraNa sarvathA nathI, bRhatkathA' ane enI paDache racAyelI "kathAsaritsAgara' temaja "dazakumAracarita' jevI kRtiomAM je prakArano samAja citarAyelo che tevA mukta vicaraNavALA samAjanuM citraNa jovA maLe che. Avo mukata samAja bhAratavarSanA ItihAsamAM kadAca yavanozakohUNo A dezamAM AvyA te samaye vikasyo hoya, jeNe kAvyazAstronA graMthomAM parakIyAnA zRMgArane poSaNa ApyuM, paraMtu samAjano e sAco Adarza nahoto ja e bANanI "kAdaMbarI' vAMcatAM anubhavAya che. bANe mukta vicaraNamAM mAnatI paurANika gaMdharvonA prakAranI jAtimAM utpanna thayelI kahI mahAzvetA ane kAdaMbarIne AdarzacaritavALI bhAratIya pativratAnAM uttama lakSaNa dharAvatI lalanAono darajjo Apyo che. gujarAtI laukika kathAonA sAhityakAro pAse kAdaMbarI'no Adarza hovA chatAM AvAM mukta vicaraNavALAM pAtrone kendramAM rAkhI kathAo lakhI hoya to e samAjanA koI nAnA varganA saMtoSa mATe saMbhave che, vyApaka samAjano enA tarapha samAdara nahoto. e ja kAraNe AvI racanAo vadhu saMkhyAmAM racAI nahi. jaina sAhityakAroe to AvI kathAomAM paNa dhArmika sadAcArane prAthamya ApyuM ja. A laukika kathAo sivAya to jaina hoya ke jainetara hoya, badhA ja prakAranA sAhityakAroe muslima kALamAM parAdhIna prajAne AzvAsana ApI dharmamAM pakaDI rAkhavAne mATe dharmacarito dvArA mahAbhArata-rAmAyaNa temaja anya purANagraMthomAMnAM kathAnakothI madhya ane uttara kALane bharI dIdho. zuddha gujarAtI kALa caudamI sadInA aMtabhAgamAM zarU thAya che. jemAM have 'uttaraapabhraMza' kALamAM prAMtIyatA tarapha DhaLatI jatI mAravADImevADI, TUMDhALI, mevAtI, hADautI, mALavI ane nimADI judI paDI jAya che, potapotAnA kSetramAM sthapAI jAya che, jema gujarAtI bhASA gujarAta-saurASTra-kacchamAM sImita thaI jAya che. A e ja bhASAbhUmikA che ke jene bhAlaNe (16mI sadIno pUrvArdha) potAnI racanAomAM 'gurjara bhASA' evI saMjJAthI sUcita karI che.

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94 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 saMskRta-prAkRta-apabhraMza sAhityapravRtti gujarAtI bhASAnA ke vadhu prAmANika rIte kahIe to mAravADI-mevADI vagere A pUrve gaNAvelI bhaginI bhASAonA sAhityanA utthAnamAM bIjarUpe rahelI bhASAbhUmikAnAM mULa AcArya hemacaMdranA "siddhahema' vyAkaraNamAMnA apabhraMza vibhAgamAM jovA maLe che, eTale A eka mathALanI bhASAbhUmikAno AraMbha ja AcArya hemacaMdrathI thAya che. ahIMthI zarU thatA yuganI pAse enI saMskRta-prAkRta-apabhraMza bhASAonI eka prabaLa praNAlI hatI. jyAre ApaNe AcArya hemacaMdranI ja sAhitya-racanAono khyAla karIe chIe tyAre tarata ja khyAlamAM Ave che ke koI bhavya vAraso emanI pAse hato. gujarAtanI bhUminA A agrima kakSAnA sAhityakAre saMskRta sAhityanI moTA bhAganI zAkhAone kheDI nAkhI hatI; jevI ke - 1. vyAkaraNa : siddhahema zabdAnuzAsana', jemAM 7 adhyAyomAM kevaLa saMskRta vyAkaraNa, jyAre chellA 8mA adhyAyamAM jene mahArASTrI, zaurasenI, mAgadhI, paizAcI, cUlikApaizAcI ane apabhraMza e cha prAkRta bhASAonuM vyAkaraNa bAMdhavAmAM AvyuM. emAM paNa apabhraMzanuM vyAkaraNa ApatAM lokomAMthI UMcakIne lokasAhityanuM kahI zakAya tevuM moTA bhAganuM duhA-sAhitya paNa udAharaNa tarIke mUkI ApI gujarAta vagere pradezonA lokasAhityano paNa paricaya karAvI Apyo. 2. koza : "abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi' (apUrNa), 2. "anekArthasaMgraha (apUrNa), 3. nighaMTuzikSA' (vanaspati-koza) ane 4. dezIzabdasaMgraha' kivA dezInAmamAtA' (vRtti sAthe.) A chellA kozanI e viziSTatA che ke je zabdonAM mULa saMskRta bhASAmAM maLI zake ema nahotAM jaNAyAM ane prAkRta bhASAomAM vipulatAthI prayojAtA rahyA hatA tevA zabdono A padyabaddha saMgraha che. Avo ucca koTino saMgraha A pUrve thayo nahoto ane pachI paNa thayo nathI. dhanapAlanI pAIalacchImAlA' taddana nAno ane sAmAnya saMgraha che. 3. chaMda : chaMdonuzAsana' ke jemAM saMskRta prAkRta ane apabhraMzamAM prayukta thayelA badhA chaMdonI udAharaNo sAthe vyAkhyA ApavAmAM AvI che. siddhahema vyAkaraNanA apabhraMza-vibhAganI jema apabhraMza bhASAnA chaMdomAM ApelI apabhraMza bhASA tatkAlIna bhASA-bhUmikA ane bhASAprakAra samajavAne mATe khUba ja upayogI che. 4. kAvyazAstra: "kAvyAnuzAsana'mAM kAvyanAM hetu, enAM prayojana, lakSaNo, guNa, doSa, rasa, alaMkAra vagereno, mArgadarzaka banI rahe tevAM udAharaNo sAthe paricaya Apyo che. A ja graMtha upara "alaMkAracUDAmaNi ane viveka' e nAmanI TIkAo

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sAhitya: prAcIna kALa 95 emaNe pote ja racelI che. 5. tarkazAstra : pramANa-mImAMsA. jaina nyAyano A ucca koTino graMtha che ane e AcAryane samartha naiyAyikanI koTimAM mUkI de che. ' 6. kAvyaH "dayAzraya mahAkAvyamAM kumArapALa sudhInA solaMkI rAjAonA caritane kAvyanI rIte sAMkaLI levAmAM AvyuM che. uparAMta siddhahema vyAkaraNamAM siddha karelAM bhASAnAM rUpone temaja prAkRta bhASAnAM rUpone bhaTTikAvyanI jema udAharaNarUpe rajU karavAno eka samartha prayatna che. mULarAjathI siddharAja jayasiMha sudhInA rAjAonAM carita 20 sagamAM saMskRta bhASAmAM bAMdhyAM che, jyAre bIjA khaMDa tarIke 'kumArapAlacarita' 8 sagoMmAM bAMdhI emAM krama pramANe chaye prAkatonAM udAharaNa ApyAM che. apabhraMza bhASAnA svarUpane vyakta karato vibhAga emano e bhASAnA svarUpanA paricaya mATeno trIjo prayatna che. 7. paurANika graMthaH jaina dharmanA puruSonAM carita triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita' mathALe bAMdhyAM che. AmAM bhAratIya lokasamAjanuM eka sUcaka citra khaDuM karavAmAM AvyuM che. evA prakAranA bIjA be graMtho te pariziSTaparva ane "mahAvIracarita' che. 8. yoga : yogazAstra e kriyAtmaka yoganA siddhAMtonI carcA kare che. e jaina tattvajJAna ane AcArano pAThya graMtha che. 9. stotraH thoDAM 'stotro paNa maLyAM che. dvArneizikAo khUba jANItI che. AcArya hemacaMdranA vizALa sAhityasarjanane uttejana ApanAra siddharAja jayasiMha hato. e rAjA sAme Adarza enA dAdA bhImadeva-pahelAnA samakAlIna dhArAnA paramAra rAjavI bhojadevano haze ema kahI zakAya. AcArya hemacaMdra siddharAjanI anicchAe paNa "siddhahema zabdAnuzAsanamAM siddha nAma joDavuM evI anukRti che. munazI bhojadevane nAme racAyelI racanAo hemacaMdranI racanAo karatAM vadhu ucca koTinI hovAnuM kahe che," paNa evI tulanA nirarthaka lAge che. AcArya hemacaMdranI pratibhA anekamukhI hatI. kumArapALanA rAjyano nirdeza karyA karanArA AcArya malayagiri jainAgamo upara saMskRta thakA racanArA ucca koTinA vidvAna hatA. "Avazyaka bRhadravRtti "oghaniryuktivRtti caMdraprajJapti-TIkA' "jIvAbhigamavRtti jyotiSkaraMDaTIkA' vagere TIkAo uparAMta bIjA cAlu prAkRta graMthonI TIkAo paNa emaNe saMskRta bhASAmAM racI. emanuM muSTivyAkaraNa nAmanuM 6000 zlokapUranuM vyAkaraNa paNa jANavAmAM AvyuM che." - kumArapALanA rAjyAbhiSekanA varSa (I. 1143)mAM lakSmaNagaNi nAmanA jaina AcArye

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96 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMthaH 1 raceluM supArzvanAtha carita' nAmanuM prAkRta kAvya maLI AvyuM che. - jinabhadranI upadezamAlA-kathA (i.1151), caMdrasenanuM utpAdasiddhi (vyAkaraNaviSayaka), caMdrasUrinuM prAkRta sanaskumAra-carita (I. 1158, prAgvATa vaNika durlabharAjano sAmudrika-tilaka' nAmano enA putra jagadeve samarthita karelo graMtha (i.116), eka vijayasiMhasUrie "jabUdvIpasamAsanI vineyajanahitA TakA (i.1159), anya vijayasiMhasUrinI "kSetra-samAsa-vRtti (I.1159), nemicaMdranuM prAkRta anaMtanAtha carita (I.1160, kanakacaMdranuM "pRthvIcaMdraTippaNa' (I.1177), raviprabhanI zIlabhAvanAvRtti' (I.1173) A racanAo kumArapALanA rAjyakALanI che." e samaye pATaNamAM ja haribhadrasUri nAmanA AcArya hatA, jemaNe mahAmAtya pRthIpAlanI prArthanAthI prAkRtamAM covIsa tIrthaMkaronAM carita padyamAM bAMdhavAno bhagIratha prayatna karyo hato. I.1160mAM raceluM emanuM neminAtha carita' apabhraMza bhASAnuM eka namUnedAra kAvya potAnA samayanA gaurjara apabhraMzano paricaya sulabha karI Ape che. "sanakumAracarita' eno ja eka khaMDa che. kumArapALanA rAjyakALanA aMtabhAga najIka AcArya hemacaMdranA ziSya devacaMdra muninAM "caMdralekhA vijaya prakaraNa ane mAnamudrAbhaMjana e be nATaka racelAM jANavAmAM AvyAM che. maladhArI hemacaMdrasUrinI AvazyakasUtranI pradezavyAkhyA' upara caMdrasUrinuM TippaNa I.1166mAM racAyeluM. I.1169mAM caMdrapUrNimAgacchanA muniratnasUrinA amama svAmi-carita' nAmaka kAvyanI racanA thayelI maLI AvI che. A sUrinAM aMbaDacarita' ane "munisuvratacarita' e be kAvya paNa maLyAM che.' e pachInA samayamAM somaprabhasUri emanA kumArapAlapratibodha (I.1185) nAmanA prAkRta gadyagraMthathI jANItA hatA, jemanI prAkRta "sumatinAthacarita', saM. "somazataka' sUktamuktAvalI') ane "zatArtha saM. kAvya) e traNa racanAo paNa jANavAmAM AvI che. AcArya hemacaMdranA bIjA be vidvAna ziSyo rAmacaMdra ane guNacaMdra hatA. rAmacaMdra guruno sAhitya-racanAno vAraso jALavI lIdho hato. "nATayazAstra' ane dhanaMjayanA dazarUpaka' pachI sthAna pAmato "nATayadarpaNa" e emano noMdhapAtra graMtha che. pote potAne prabaMdhazataka' kahe che. ane e vizeSaNa nATayadarpaNa'mAM ApelAM lakSaNone mUrta karI ApatI aneka nATayakRtionI racanA karI ApI sArthaka karI ApyuM hatuM. satya harizcaMdra kaumudI-mitrANaMda nirbhayabhIma vyAyoga' rAghavALyudaya' yAdavAbyudaya bhaduvilAsa' "nalavilAsa mallikA-makaraMda prakaraNa "rohiNImRgAMka prakaraNa vanamAlA nATikA' e jANavAmAM AvelI nATya-racanAo che. kumArapALe baMdhAvelA 'kumArapAlavihArane lagatuM zatakakAvya ane "sudhAkalaza' nAmano 'subhASita-koza',

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sAhitya prAcIna kALa 97 uparAMta saMkhyAbaMdha stotro paNa jANavAmAM AvelAM che. rAmacaMdra ane guNacaMdra sAthe maLI svopallavRtti sAthe dravyAlaMkAra' nAmano jaina tattvajJAnane lagato graMtha paNa racyo che. eka bIjA mahedrasUri nAmanA ziSya gurunA anekArthasaMgraha' upara keravAkarakaumudI saMjJaka TIkA racI (I.1185) che. 25 rAmacaMdranA pratispardhI gurubhAI bAlacaMdra "snAtasyA' nAmanA stutigraMthanI racanA karelI jANavAmAM AvI che. A samaya AsapAsa eka jayaprabhasUrinA ziSya rAmabhadranuM prabuddharauhiNeya' nATaka racAyuM hatuM. ajayapALanA rAjyakALamAM I.1173 thI 1176 vacce enA eka jaina maMtrI yazapAle "moharAjaparAjaya' nAmanuM kumArapALanI vaDAI karatuM eka suMdara nATaka tharAdamAM racyuM hatuM. I.1176mAM dhArAnagarInA A pradevanA putra narapatie aNahilapura pATaNamAM narapatijayacaryA nAmano svarodaya vizeno graMtha racyo hato. eka pradyumnasUrie AzAvalInA udayavihAranI jaina pratimAo zvetAMbara vyatithI pratiSThApita hoI pUjanIya nathI evuM batAvato "vAdasthala' nAmano graMtha racyo tenuM khaMDana karato "prabodhyavAdasthala' nAmano graMtha jinapatisUrie racyo. A jinapatisUrinI bIjI traNa saMskRta racanAo - "tIrthamAlA' (I.1177) ane be TIkAgraMtho paNa jANavAmAM AvI che." I. 1177mAM vAdidevasUrinA ziSya ratnaprabhasUrie prAkRta neminAthacarita' ane i.118ramAM dharmadAsakRta upadezamAlA' upara vRtti racI. emanI syAdvAdaratnAkara'nI laghu TIkA paNa jANItI che. emanA gurubhAI mahezvarasUrinI pAkSika saptati" uparanI "sukhaprabodhinI TIkA paNa maLe che. A pachI hemaprabhasUrinI vimalasUrita praznottaramAlA' upara vRtti (I.1187) ane paramAnaMdasUrinuM khaMDanamaMDana-Tippana' racAyAM hatAM. rAjagacchanA mANijyacaMdrasUrie I.1190 mAM "kAvyaprakAza-saMketa' nAmanI TIkA racI. e mammaTanA kAvyaprakAza' uparanI pahelI saMTIkA kahevAya che, paraMtu kAvyadarzasaMketa' nAmanI eka somezvaranI paNa TIkA maLI che. baMneno tulanAtmaka abhyAsa karatAM somezvaranA saMketano AdhAra mANikayacaMdrasUrie lIdho hoya evuM jaNAI AvyuM che." eNe pArSacarita' i.1220) ane zAMtinAthacarita' vagere paNa racyAM che. 5 i.1192mAM caMdragaccha-rAjagacchanA devaprabhasUrinA ziSya siddhasenasUrie nemicaMdrakRta pravacanasAroddhAra upara vRtti racI hatI. A sUrinA gurunI paNa pramANaprakAza' ane "zreyAMsa-carita' e be racanA maLI AvI che." A samaye AsaDa nAmano eka jaina vaNika kavi thaI gayo, jeNe kAlidAsanA meghadUta'nI TIkA, aneka jinastotro, 'upadezakaMdalI prakaraNa" ane "vivekamaMjarI

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98 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 prakaraNanI racanA karI hatI. eka udayaprabhasUrinI paNa nemicaMdrakRta pravacanasAroddhAra' upara TIkA maLI AvI che. to zivazarmasUrinA karmagraMthanA TukaDAo para vivRttio maLI che, jyAre eka pRthvIcaMdrasUrinuM 'kalpa-Tippanaka paNa jANavAmAM AvyuM che. - I.1193mAM zrIprabhasUrinA dharmavidhi uparanI udayasiMhanI racelI TIkA, .1198mAM koI devasUrinuM paprabhacarita' prAkRtamAM) ane I.1199mAM jinapatisUrinA ziSya pUrNabhadrasUrinuM saMzuddha kareluM paMcopAkhyAna paMcataMtranI AvRtti) jANavAmAM Avela che. 39 A arasAmAM nemicaMdra bhaMDArIe racelo "SaSTizataka' nAmano prakRti upadezamaya prakaraNagraMtha racAyelo maLI Avyo che." I.1204mAM vaDagacchanA malayaprabhanI racelI mAnatuMgasUrikRta jayaMtI praznottarasaMgrahanI vRtti, I.1205nuM tilakAcAyata pratyekabuddhacarita', I. 1206nI jinezvaranA "SaTrasthAnaka upara jinapAlanI vRtti, I.1200nI dharmaghoSasUrikata zatapadI-praznottarapaddhati prAkRtamAM) ane I.1208nuM somanAtha pATaNamAM racAyeluM nAgaeNdragacchanA devacaMdrasUrinuM "caMdraprabhacarita jANavAmAM AvyAM che. I.1209 AsapAsa racelo vAyaDagacchanA jinadattasUrino vivekavilAsa' nAmano graMtha paNa maLI Avyo che. 2 I.1215nI guNavallabhanI vyAkaraNa-catuSkanI avacUrI, i.1217no ajitadevano yogavidhi." ane haribhadrasUri bIjA)nuM "munipaticarita' prAkRtamAM), I.1218nI tilakAcAryanI jItakalpa-vRtti ane I.1219nI paMcopAkhyAnavALA pUrNabhadranI 'AnaMdAdidaza-upAsakakathA' maLe che." siddharAjanA dharmabaMdhu kavi zrIpAlanA pautra kavi vizvapAlanuM bhImadeva-bIjAnI AjJAthI racAyela draupadIsvayaMvara' nAmanuM dviaMkI nATaka A samaya AsapAsanuM che." e arasAmAM kumArapALanA mahAsAmaMta thazodhavalanA putra ane AbunA sAmaMta rAjA dhArAvarSanA bhAI prahalAdanadeve, prahUlAdanapuranI navI vasAhata karI te samaya AsapAsa pArthaparAkrama-vyAyoga' nAmanI nATyakRti paNa racelI. A ja prahalAdanadeve somezvare jaNAvyA pramANe, bhoja ane muMja saMbadhI eka karuNarasanuM kAvya banAvyuM hatuM, jeno haju sudhI patto lAgyo nathI." A pUrve aNahilapura pATaNanA haribhadrasUrinA neminAthacarita' apabhraMzakAvyagraMtha vize nirdeza karavAmAM Avyo che. ene sparza karI zake tevo A yugano bIjo graMtha "chakkamuvaeso' nAmano jANavAmAM Avyo che, jenI racanA amarakIrtie godharAmAM koI karNa(kAnhA)nA rAjyamAM I.1191 ke 1218mAM karelI.

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sAhitya: prAcIna kALa 99 A pakarmonA upadeza saMbaMdhI padyAtmaka graMtha sAhityakoTinA apabhraMzamAM racAyela che. A uparAMta ajJAtakRta "cariMgasaMdhi ane jayadevagaNikRta bhAvanAsaMdhi' e beu apabhraMza racanAo paNa A arasAnI che. utkIrNa lekhonI prazastio racavAno praghAta jUno hato. bhImadeva-bIjAnA samayamAM zrIdhara nAmanA adhikArIe I.1216nA varSamAM somanAtha pATaNamAM be maMdira baMdhAvelAM enI prazasti che. bezaka, eno kartA pakaDAyo nathI."" paraMtu I.1633 mAM navesarathI nakala karavAmAM AvelI kumArapALanA samayanI I.115ranI siddharAja jayasiMhanA pratipanna baMdhu' zrIpAla kavinI racelI "vaDanagaprazasti' sAhityano eka sAro namUno che." vastupALa-tejapALano samaya (I.1219-1247) solaMkIkALamAM saMskRta racanAonuM khUba prAbalya jovA maLe che; enA pramANamAM prAkRta racanAo ochI ja gaNAya; paraMtu apabhraMza-racanAo to pAMcekathI vadhu jANavAmAM AvI nathI. A kALanA uttara kALamAM solaMkI vAghelA kuLanA rAjavIo sattA upara AvyA ane maMtrIne sthAne vastupALa-tejapALa nAmanA be vaNika baMdhuo AvyA. vastupALa mahAmAtya uparAMta vidvAnone prabaLa uttejana ApanAra ane pote paNa ucca pratibhAvALo sAhitya-svAmI hato. enA samayamAM aNihalapura pATaNa ane dhoLakA vidyAnAM keMdra banI gayA hatAM. ane aneka vidvAno emanI AsapAsa vIMTaLAI vaLyA hatA, jeoe aneka samRddha racanAothI e yugane vadhu tejasvI banAvyo hato. vastupALane enA samayamAM kucalasarasvatI'(dADhIvALI sarasvatI), kavikuMjara' ane "kavicakravartI jevAM biruda maLyAM hatAM. ene "sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa' paNa kahevAmAM Avyo che. eNe "AdinAthastotra' neminAthastotra' ane "aMbikAstotra' jevI kAvyacamatkRtivALI nAnI racanAo, to evI ja enA avasAna najIkanA divasomAM 'ArAdhanA' nAmaka padyaracanA paNa karelI, paraMtu enI khyAta racanA to 16 sagamAM raceluM "naranArAyaNa mahAkAvya' che. enI anya subhASitonA rUpanI aneka zlokaracanAo jANItI che. enA samakAlIna bhaTTa somezvara kavie ene "zreSTha kavi' tarIke biradAvyo che. vastupALanA samAzraye e kALamAM khIlI AvelA sAhityakAromAM bhaTTa somezvara mokharAnuM sthAna sAcavI Ape che. vaDanagaranA lagabhaga dasa peDhIthI kuLamAM vidvattA sAcavI rAkhanArA brAhmaNa kuTuMbamAM eno janma thayo hato ane enA dasamAM pUrvaja solazamAMthI solaMkIonA purohita thavAno subhaga yoga maLyo hato. somezvara bhImadeva-bIjAno mAnya rAjapurohita hato. e mahAkavi paNa hato; enI sAkSI

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100 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 ApatAM "surathotsava paurANika vastuvALuM) ane "kIrtikaumudI' (vastupALanI kIrtigAthA gAtuM, ane "rAmazataka paNa maLe che. vizeSamAM keTalAka utkIrNa lekhonA rUpamAM prazastio paNa jANavAmAM AvI che, jevI ke AbunI lUNigavasahImAMnI Abuprazasti' (I.1255). ane 108 zlokonI viradhavale dhoLakAmAM baMdhAyelA varanArAyaNa prAsAdanI prazasti nAza pAmI che. koi ane koI sAhityaracanA karI hoya tevA jainetara kavio bIjA be jANavAmAM AvyA che. dUtAMgada' chAyAnATakano kartA subhaTa ane saMbhavataH vaDanagarano, paraMtu pachI hoddAnI rUe somanAtha pATaNamAM jaI vaselo, nAnAka paMDita, jenI racelI be prazasti somanAtha pATaNamAMnI che : pahelI I.126 ramAM visaladevanA mRtyu pachI keTaleka samaye ane bIjI i.127ranI che. A kALamAM gujarAtamAM vidyAdhara nAmano vidvAna hato ke jeNe zrIharSa kavinA naiSadhIyacarita' nAmanA mahAkAvya upara sAhityavidyAdharI' nAmanI saMskRta TIkA visaladevanA rAjyakALa (I.1238126 1)mAM racI hatI. e kALamAM dhoLakA eka mahattvanuM vidyAdhAma banI cUkyuM hatuM. ane tyAMnA caMDu paMDite I.1297mAM e ja mahAkAvyanI svataMtra saMskRta TIkA racI ApelI." harihara nAmano eka kAramIrI paMDita paNa, siddharAja jayasiMhanA samayamAM AvI vaselA 'vikramAMkadeva-mahAkAvya,' "karNasuMdarI-nATikA" ane " bilDaNapaMcAzikAnA kartA bilDaNanI jema, gujarAtamAM AvI vaselo, jenAM phUTakaLa subhASita keTalAka saMgrahomAM jovA maLe che. para jaina hato ke jainetara hato eno nizcaya nathI thaI zakayo tevo arisiMha nAmano kavi jANavAmAM Avyo che. e vastupALano Azrita hato. arisiMhanuM "sukRtasaMkIrtana nAmanuM 11 sargonuM kAvya vastupALanI prazastine lagatuM che (I.1231 pUrve). A kAvyamAM vanarAjathI sAmaMtasiMha ane mULarAjathI bhImadeva tathA arNorAjathI vIradhavala sudhInA rAjavIono paNa saMkSipta vRttAMta Apyo che. 53 vastupALanA sAhityamaMDaLamAM amaracaMdrasUri eka vyApaka khyAtivALo sAhityakAra hato. "bAlabhArata ane padmAnaMda mahAkAvya' (I. 1278-1241vacce) - enI kAvyakRtio che. A uparAMta eNe arisiMhanI sAthe rahI kAvyakalpalatAno graMtha racyo che, jenA upara amaracaMdranI ja svopajJa TIkAo "kavizikSA', kAvyakalpalatA-parimala" ane "kAvya kalpalatA-maMjarI' racAI hatI. enA chaMdoratnAvali' ane vyAkaraNano "svAdizabda-samuccaya' e be graMtha paNa jANavAmAM AvyA che. caturvizatijineMdra-saMkSiptacarita' paNa enI racanA che. vastupALanA Azrita sAhityakAromAM bAlacaMdranA "vasaMtavilAsa (vastupALacarita)mahAkAvya, karuNAvajoyudha' nATaka (I.1221 lagabhaga) ane "gaNadharAvalI' uparAMta AsaDa

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sAhitya prAcIna kALa 101 kavinI vivekamaMjarI" ane "hammIramadamardana nAmanuM nATaka (I.1220 pachI), ane udayaprabhasUrinA dharmAbhyadayamahAkAvya' (kivA saMghapaticarita) I.1221nI saMghayAtrA pachInI racanA, - A kAvyanI pahelI hastaprata vastupALanA khudanA hastAkSaranI I. 1234nI tADapatrIya prata khaMbhAtanA jaina bhaMDAranI najare joI che.), suzrutakIrtikallolinI' (i.1221) ane "vastupAlastuti, vaLI dharmadAsanI upadezamAlA upara kirNikA nAmanI TIkA (i.1243), jyotiSazAstrano AraMbhasiddhi graMtha (tUTaka prApta-nAma zakya rIte "zabdAhmollAsa), ane vastupALanI poSadhazALA khaMbhAta)nI prazasti (I.1225) jANavAmAM AvyAM che." vaLI udayaprabhasUrinA ziSya jinaprabhanI prabaMdhAvali' (I.1234), naracaMdrasUrinAM zrIdharAcAryanI "nyAyakaMdalInuM TippaNa, prAkRta vyAkaraNa prAkRta prabodha," murArikta "anartharAdhava' nATakanuM TippaNa, jyotisAra (kivA "nAracaMdrajyotiSa'), "kathAratnAkara' kivA "kathAratnasAgara'), "caturvizatijinastotra', giranAra uparanA be zilAlekhomAMnI prazastio, 'vastupAlaprazasti', "alaMkAramahodadhi,' "kAkulthakeli' nATaka, vivekapAdapa' ane 'vivekakalikA', A vastupALa-tejapALanA samayanI racanAo maLI AvI che.* vastupALa-tejapALanA vidyAmaMDaLamAM nahotA tevA graMthakAro paNa e yuganA jANavAmAM Avyo che jevA ke tilakAcArya - "Avazyaka-niryukti, dazavaikAlikaTIkA' ane prakIrNa aneka vRttionA kartA, caMdrakulanA abhayadevasUri (bIjA) - "jayaMtavijaya' (I.1222) kAvyanA kartA, zrIprabhasUri - hemacaMdrAcAryanA kArakasamuccaya-adhikAra 1-2 nI vRttiI.1223)nA kartA, lakSmIdhara - 'tilakamaMjarI-kathAsAra' (I.1225)nA sarjaka, pUrNabhadragaNi - "atimuktacarita' pAlaNapuramAM I.1226), ane "dhanyazAlibhadracarita' (I.1229) ane "kRtapuNyacarita' (I.1249), vinayacaMdra"mallinAthacarita mahAkAvya (I.1230)nA kartA, sarvadevasUri - "svapnasaptatikAvRtti' (I.1231)nA racayitA, jinapAla upAdhyAya-"SaTrasthAnaka-vRtti (I.1206), sanakumAracarita mahAkAvya', jinadattasUrikRta upadezarasAyana' (apabhraza)nI saMskRta TIkA, jinavallabhasUrinA dvAdaza kulaka' (apabhraMza)nI saMskRta TIkA, jinadattasUrinI carcarI' (apabhraMza)nI saMskRta TIkA ane "svapnavicAra-bhASya' vagerenA lekhaka, maheMdrasUri-"tIrthamAlAstotra ane jirAvallI-pArzvanAthastotra'nA lekhaka, bhuvanatuMgasUri - "catuH zaraNAvacUri (uttara gau.apa.)nA kartA, pAprabhasUri- munisuvratacaritra (I.1238)nA kartA. sumatigaNi - jinadattasUrikRta gaNadharasArdhazatakanI bRhadravRttinA lekhaka, udayasiMhasUri - jinavallabhanI 'piMDavizuddhi uparanI TIkAnA lekhaka, guNAkarasUri - nAgArjunakRta

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10ra gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 deveMdrasUri- yogaratnamAlAnI vRtti I.1240), ane caMdragacchanA upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA-sAroddhAra' (I.1242)nA kartA.57 vAghelA vaMzano aMtabhAga 'vAghelA vaMza(I.1244)nA svataMtra gujarAtano karNa-vAghelAnA patana (I.1303) sAthe aMta Ave che. e gALAmAM paNa jaina lekhakonI sAhityasevA avirata cAlu rahI hatI. e rIte jANavAmAM AvelA che te sarvAnaMdanuM caMdraprabhacarita' (I.1246), paramAnaMdasUrinI hitopadezamAlAvRtti (hitopadezamAlAprakaraNa-I.1248), yazodevanuM prAkRta dharmopadeza prakaraNa (I.1249), ajitaprabhasUrinAM 'zAMtinAthacarita' (I. 1251) ane bhAvanAsAra', pUrNakalazanI AcArya hemacaMdranA prAkRta jyAzraya'('kumArapAla-carita')nI saMskRta vRtti(I.1251), lakSmItilakanuM "pratyekabuddhacarita' kAvya (I.1255), abhayatilakanI AcArya hemacaMdranA saM. 'tyAzraya kAvya' uparanI vRtti pAlaNapuramAM I.1256) ane prAcIna tarkagraMtho uparanI "paMcaprastha nyAyatarka nAmanI vyAkhyA, caMdratilaka upAdhyAyanuM abhayakumAracarita' (bADamera ane khaMbhAta - I.1256), vidyAnaMdasUrinuM vidyAnaMda vyAkaraNa', jinezvarasUrino "zrAvakadharma vidhi' pAlaNapuramAM I.1257) ane enI uparanI vRtti pote ane vaLI ziSya lakSmItilakanI paNa), prabodhacaMdragaNinI "saMdehadolAvalI-bRhaduvRtti', madanasUrinAM "zAMtinAthacarita' (I.1266), dharmopadezamAlAvRtti, siMhatilakasUrino lIlAvatI' vRtti sAtheno maMtrarAjarahasya nAmano graMtha(I.1266) temaja "vardhamAnavidhAtA" "gaNitatilakavRtti ane bhuvanadIpaka-vRtti' (I.1270), kAsahUdagacchanA naracaMdra upAdhyAyanAM praznazataka' ane janmasamudra-saTIka, pradyumnasUrinI prAkRta 'samarAdityakathA'-saMkSepa (I.1268) ane "pravajyAvidhAna-mUlazuddhiprakaraNa', vinayacaMdrasUrino "kalpaniyuktidIpAlikAkalpa' (I.1269), ratnaprabhasUrinI udyotanasUrinI prAkRta kuvalayamAlA' kathAnuM saMskRta svataMtra rUpAMtara, prabodhamUrti ("jinaprabodhasUri)nAM "kAtaMtra-vyAkaraNadurga prabodha TIkA' (I.1272), somacaMdranI saM. "vRttaratnAkara'nI TIkA (I.1273), dharmaghoSasUrinAM "saMghacArabhASya-caityavaMdanabhASya-vivaraNa' (I.1271) uparAMta kAlasaptati-sAvacUri'. ("kAlasvarUpa-vicAra'), "zrAddhajItakalpa' "caturvizatijinastuti duHSama kAlasaMghastotra' prAkRtamAM; somaprabhasUrinI 38 yamaka stutio ane patijItakalpa' vagere aneka prakaraNo, kSemakIrtinI bhadrabAhukata "kalpasUtranI vRtti (I.1276), mAnatuMgAcAryanuM zreyAMsacarita' (I.1276), nAgaeNdragacchanA dharmakumAranuM zAlibhadracarita' (I.1278), vivekasAgaranAM puSpasAgara-kathAnaka' (I.1278)

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sAhitya prAcIna kALa 103 ane "samyakatvAlaMkAra', rAjagacchIya prabhAcaMdrasUrinuM aitihAsika tattvo sAcavanAruM prabhAvakacarita' (I.1278), bhAlacaMdranI "viSayavinigrahakulaka-vRtti' (I.1281), mAlveiSeNasUrinI jANItI syAdvAdamaMjarI (I.1293), jinaprabhasUrino mahattvano aitihAsika mahattvavALo prAkRta graMtha "vividhatIrthakalpa' (I.1281thI 1353) - A sUri e yuganA eka samartha jainAcArya hatA; emaNe saMkhyAbaMdha stotro (saM. ane prA.) uparAMta "kAtaMtravyAkaraNa -vibhrama TIkA' (dilhImAM I.1296), dvayAzraya mahAkAvya "zreNIkacarita'- I.1300), vidhiprapA' (kosalanagaramAM - I.1307), 'kalpasUtra-vRtti saMdehaviSauSadhi' (ayodhyAmAM I.1308) tathA "sAdhupratikramaNa-vRtti' (I.1308), "Avazyaka-sUtranI avacUri" ane bIjA paNa saMkhyAbaMdha saMskRta-prAkRta nAnAnAnA graMthonI A racanAo karelI maLI che. 58 A chellA jinaprabhasUrie apabhraMzamAM paNa racanAo karI che : madana-rekhA-saMdhi (I.1241), "vayarasAmi-cariu, mallicariu', "SapaMcAzadra dikakumArikAbhiSeka', 'munisuvrata janmAbhiSeka', "jJAna prakAza', "dharmAdharma vicArakakulaka', zrAvakavidhiprakaraNa' - "caityaparipATI vagere paNa racyAM che. (emanAM neminAtharAsa" ane sthUlibhadraphAga' e vikasatA jatA uttara apabhraMza'nI racanAo che) "saMdezaka rAsa' nAmanI eka rAsa-kRti pazcima dezamAMnA mleccha dezanA mIrasenanA putra adhUhamANa - abdura rahemAna nAmanA muslima kavinI saMskRta prakAranA dUtakAvyanI uttara apabhraMza bhASAnI racanA jANavAmAM AvI che. enA samaya vize matabheda hovA chatAM ene cheka paMdaramI sadImAM laI jaI zakAya ema nathI : e teramI sadImAM hajI khaMbhAta upara muslima sattAnAM pagaraNa nahotAM thayAM e pahelAMnI eka taMtu vAya (vaNakaranuM kAma karanArA) kavinI racanA che. RtuvarNanothI samRddha A racanA dUtakAvyano uccatama namUno che. gujarAtamAM muslima sattA (I.1304thI zarU) have e nizcita che ke dilhIthI alAuddInanA pratinidhi alapakhAne I.1304mAM gujarAtamAMthI karNa vAghelAne parAsta karI nAsI javA pharaja pADI ane gujarAtanAM sattAsUtra muslima-zAsana nIce AvyAM. dezamAM bhAre sattA parivartana thayuM ane moTA bhAganAM hiMdu ane kvacit jaina maMdironA bhaMga thayA. Ama chatAM jaina sAdhuonA vicaraNane kAMI bhAre jhAjhI muzkelI thaI nahotI. jyAM jyAM e jatA tyAMtyAM sAhityapravRtti to cAlu ja rahI hatI. vizeSamAM pracalita lokabhASAmAM bAlAvabodhogadyavivaraNagraMtho A navA zarU thatA muslimakALamAM lakhAvA lAgyA, jeNe gujarAtI gadyanAM bIja vAvI ApyAM.

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104 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 saMskRta-prAkRtane badale saMskRta bhASA vadhu prAdhAnya dharAvatI thaI ane itihAsanI ane aitihAsika anuzrutionI vAto mukhyatve saMskRta gadyamAM ApavAmAM AvI che tevo prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi' nAmano graMtha nAgaeNdragacchanA merUtuMgasUrine hAthe I.1305mAM vaDhavANamAM astitvamAM Avyo. eka bIjA merUtuMganA graMtho te 'vicArazreNI-sthavirAvalI (itihAsamizrita graMtha) ane "mahApuruSa carita' (9upadezazatI) che. kyAre racAyela che e jANavAmAM nathI, paraMtu I.1309mAM tADapatra upara lakhAyela pallIvAlagacchanA mahezvarasUrinI "kAlakAcArya kathA' prA.) ane nAIllagacchanA vijayasiMhasUrinI "bhuvanasuMdarIkathI maLI AvelA che. Thakkara pherae I.1316mAM racelo "vAstusAra graMtha jANavAmAM Avyo che. A graMthakAre jyotiSasAra dravyaparIkSA" ane "ratnaparIkSA' racI enA para vRttio paNa lakhI. bIjA sAhityakAronI racanAomAM kamalaprabhanuM "puMDarIkacaritra' (I.1216), somatilakanAM "nakSetrasamAsa' "vicArasUtra' ane "saptatizatasthAnaka' (I.1331), sudhAkalazanI "saMgItopaniSad (I.1324) ane eno sAra saMgItopaniSatsAra' (I.1350) tathA ekAkSaranAmamAlA koza', jinadattasUrikRta "caityavaMdana-devavaMdana' kulaka upara jinakuzalasUrinI vRtti, emanA ziSya lablinidhAnanuM e vRtti upara TippaNa, rudrapallIpagacchanA somatilakasUrinAM varakalpa' SaDradarzana-TIkA beu I.1333), zIlopadezamAlA vRtti" ("zIlataraMgiNI' - I.1336). laghustavaTIkA' (I.1341) ane kumArapAlaprabaMdha' - I.1368), jayavallabhanI prA. "vajyAlaya' upara TIkA I.1337), caMdrasUrinI gautamapRcchA-vRtti', ane sarvAnaMdasUrinuM jagaDUcarita', bhuvanatuMgasUrinI "RSimaMDala-vRtti "AtupratyAkhyAna-vRtti ane "catu zaraNa-vRtti e jANavAmAM AvelI che. 59 A samayanA aMtabhAgano neminAthane lagatA be phAguonA kartA rAjazekharasUrino merUtuMganA prabaMdhaciMtAmaNinA prakArano prabaMdhakoza' kiMvA caturvizatiprabaMdhasaMgraha' nAmano aitihyamUlaka anukRtionA AdhAre lakhAyelo graMtha I.1349mAM dilhImAM racAyelo. emanI bIjI racanAo te kautukakathA' syAdvAdakalikA ke syAdvAda-dIpikA' "ratnAvatArikA paMjikA, zrIdharanI nyAyakaMdalI'nI paMjikA ane "Sadarzanasamuccaya' padyAtmaka) che. emaNe jJAnacaMdranuM "ratnAvatArikA-Tippana' sudhArI ApeluM. A pachInA pravAhamAM guNasamRddhi mahattarAnuM "aMjaNAsuMdarI-carita' (prAkRtamAM I.135), merUtuMganuM devacarita' (I.1353) ane saMbhavanAtha carita' (I.1357), munibhadrasUrinuM zAMtinAthacarita' (I.135), somakIrtinI kAtaMtra-vyAkaraNa-paMcikA' I. 1355), bhAvadevasUrinAM pArzvanAthacarita' (I.1356), yatidinacaryA prAkRta), 'alaMkArasAra ane kAlikAcAryakathA', kRSNagacchanA jayasiMhasUrinAM kumArapAlacarita'

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sAhitya prAcIna kALa 105 (I.1366) ane bhAsarvajJanA nyAyasAra'nI nyAyatAtparya-dIpikA' TIkA, somatilakasUrinuM 'kumArapAlacirata' (I.1368), guNAkaranI bhaktAmara-stotra-vRtti' (I.1370), maheMdraprabhasUrino jyotiSagraMtha yaMtrarAja (I.1771), e graMtha upara emanA ziSya malayeMdunI TIkA, ratnazekharasUrinAM 'sirivAlakahA' (zrIpAlaracita prAkRtamAM I. 1372). 'chaMdaHkoza' (prAkRta), 'guNasthAnaka kramAroha-vRtti' (I.1391), 'guruguNaSatrizat-SatriMzikA', 'saMbodhasattarI'(prA.), 'laghukSetrasamAsa'svopanna vivaraNa'ane sAthe 'siddhayaMtracakroddhAra vagere, vimalacaMdrasUrinI 'praznottararatnamAlAvRtti' (I.1373) ane dAnopadezamAlA' prAkRtamAM - enA u52 saMskRta TIkA sAthe), somatilakanI 'zIlopadezamAlA-vRtti', ucca koTinA vidvAna ane 'tribhuvana-dIpakaprabaMdha'('prabodhaciMtAmaNi' madhya. guja. nA) kartA jayazekharasUrinAM 'upadezaciMtAmaNi (avasUri sAthe I.1380), 'prabodhaciMtAmaNi' (khaMbhAtamAM I.1406), dhimmalarita kAvya' (khaMbhAtamAM I.1406), jaina kumArasaMbhava', zatruMjaya-mahAvIranI traNa batrIzIo, 'Atmabodhakulaka'(prA.), dharmasarvasva', 'upadezamAlA-avasUri', 'puSpamAlA-avasUri', 'navatattvagAthAmaya ajitazAMtistava', 'saMbodha-saptatikA', 'nala-damayaMtI, caMpU''kalpasUtra-sukhAva-bodha vivaraNa' 'nyAyamaMjarI' vagere aneka graMtho, meruganAM 'kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa'no saM. bAlAvabodha 'SaDdarzananirNaya' (beu I.1388), 'saptatibhASya TIkA' (I.1393), 'meghadUta' enI vRtti sAthe, dhAtuparAyaNa', 'bhAvakarma-prakriyA' 'zatakabhASya', 'namutthaNaM upara TIkA', 'suzrAddhakathA', 'upadezamAlAnI TIkA' ane jesojI-prabaMdha', emanA guru maheMdraprabhanAM 'tIrthamAlA praka2Na'(I.1388 pahelAM) ane 'vicAra-saptatikA', tapagacchanA jyAnaMdasUrinuM 'sthUlibhadracarita' (I.1385 pUrve), jJAnasAgarasUrinI AvazyakaavacUrNi, (I.1384), 'ogha-niryukti-avacUrNa' (I.1395), ane stavano, kulamaMDananAM vicArAmRta-saMgraha' (I.1387), 'prajJAmanAsUtra' ane pratikramaNasUtra'nI avacUrNio, 'kalpasUtra' upara avacUrNi, 'kAvyasthitistotra'nI avasUri ane nAnAM bIjAM aneka stotro, munisuMdaranAM traivedyagoSThi' (I.1399), 'tridaza-taraMgiNI' vijJapti-graMtha (vijJaptipatronA sAhityamAM sauthI moTo ane prauDha), 'adhyAtmakalpadruma' (zAMtarasabhAvanA), 'upadezaratnAkara' svopanna vRtti sAthe, 'jinastotraratnakoza', 'jayAnaMda-carita', 'zAMtikarastotra' mitracatuSka kathA' (I.1428), sImaMdhara stuti, 'pAkSikasattarI'(prA) ane 'aMgulasattarI'.) devAnaMda (devamUrtinA) kSetrasamAsa' (svopannavRtti sAthe), sAdhuratnanI kSatijItakalpa-vRtti (I.1400) ane navatattvaavasUri), nayacaMdrasUrinAM 'hammIra mahAkAvya' ane raMbhAmaMjarI' nATikA (baMne I.1384) A racanAo moTA bhAganI saMskRta bhASAnI maLI AvI che. -

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106 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 I.nI 15mI sadImAM paNa madhya guja.mAM to racanA thaye ja jatI hatI, uparAMta mukhyatve saMskRta bhASAmAM paNa pravAha avirata cAlu hato; jevo ke upara munisuMdaranI pravRttio sAthe enA gurubhAI jayacaMdrasUrinAM pratyAkhyAnasthAna vivaraNa', samyakatvakaumudI' ane pratikramaNa-vidhi' (I.1450) vagere prakaraNo, nAnA gurubhAI bhuvanasuMdarasUrinAM parabrahmotthApana-sthala' nAmano vAdagraMtha ane laghumahAvidyAviDaMbana' uparAMta vyAkhyAnadIpikA' vagere, emanA nAnA gurubhAI jinakIrtisUrinAM "namaskArastava' - svopajJavRtti sAthe (I.1438), 'uttamakumAracarita', 'zrIpAlagopAlakathA', 'caMpakazreSThIkathA', "paMcanistava', "dhanyakumAracaritra-dAnakalpa' (I.1441) ane zrAddhaguNasaMgraha (I.1442), enAthI nAnA gurubhAI ratnazekharasUrinAM "paDAvazyaka-vRtti ('arthadIpikA'), zrAddhavidhivRtti(vidhikaumudI' I.1450), "AcAra-pradIpa' (I.1460), AMcalika mANijyacaMdrasUrinAM "catupUrvI', 'zrIdhara-carita' (I.1407), "zukarAja-kathA', dharmadattakathAnaka' "guNavarmacarita' (I.1428), ane "mahAbalamalayasuMdarI-carita' (madhya. gujanuM pRthvIcaMdracarita' e A ja kartAno graMtha che.), emanA gurubhAI mANijyazekharasUrinAM kalpaniryukti-avacUri ane "Avazyaka-niryukti-avacUri vaLI "ogha-niryukti-dIpikA dazavaikAlika-dIpikA' 'uttarAdhyayana-dIpikA' "AcArAMga-dIpikA ane navatattva vivaraNa, kAsaddhahagacchanA devamUrti upAdhyAyanuM "vikramacarita' (14 sargonuM kAvya, I.1415), pUrNimAgacchanA guNacaMdrasUrinI jinadatta-kathA' (I.1418), jinavardhanasUrinAM saptapadArthITIkA" ane "vAbhadAlaMkAra-vRtti (I.1418), harSabhUSaSyanAM "zrAddhavidhinizcaya' (I.1424) ane paryuSaNAvicAra' (I.1430) jinasuMdarano "dIpAlikA-kalpa' (I.1429), bRhattapagacchanA cAritrasuMdaragaNinAM zIladUta' kAvya (I.1428 ke I.1431), jayasAgarasUrinAM pRthvIcaMdra rAjarSicarita' (I.1447), zAMtijinAlaya prazasti, vijJaptitriveNI kAvya (I-1428) ane bIjI vRttio, "kumArapAlacarita mahAkAvya' "mahIpAla carita' "cAropadeza' vagere, pUrNimAgacchanA rAmacaMdrasUrinAM "vikramacaritra' (I.1434 DabhoImAM) ane paMcadaMDAtapatrachatra-prabaMdha' khaMbhAtamAM I.143), zubhazIlagaNinAM vikramacaritra' (amadAvAdamAM I.1434), prabhAvaka kathA' (I.1448), kathAkoza ("bharatezvarabAhubali-vRtti' I. 1453), "zatruMjaya-kalpavRtti' (I.1452) ane uNAdinAmamAlA jinamaMDananA kumArapAlaprabaMdha' (I.1436), zrAddhaguNasaMgraha-vivaraNa' (I.1442) ane dharmaparIkSAcAritraratnagaNinAM citrakUTa prazasti(I.1439), dAnapradIpa' (I.1443), jinaharSagaNinAM "vastupAla-caritra' (I.1441), prAkRtamAM), ratnazekhara-kathA' (saM. mAM), viMzatisthAnaka-vicArAmRtasaMgraha viramagAmamAM I.1446), pratikramaNavidhi (I.1469) ane "ArAmazobhAcaritra', kIrtirAja upAdhyAyanuM "neminAtha mahAkAvya' (I. 1439), dhIrasuMdaragaNinI Avazyaka-niryukti avacUrNi' (I.1443),

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somasuMdarasUrinAM 'cauzaraNa-payannA-avasUri' ane kalyANAdi vividha stavo, 'aSTAdazastavI' (I.1441), 'saptati-avacUrNi', 'AturapratyAkhyAna-avacUrNi', jinasAgarasUrinAM haimavyAkaraNa-DhuMDhikA vRtti' ane 'kapUra-prakaraNa-avasUri' ane dharmacaMdranI rAjazekharakRta 'karpUramaMjarI'nI TIkA A racanAo jANavAmAM AvI che.1 racanAvarSono nirdeza nathI tevI apabhraMza-racanAo jANavAmAM AvI che temAM jayazekharaziSyanI zIlasaMdhi' hemasAkRta 'upadezasaMdhi',vizAlasUrinA ziSyanI 'tapa:saMdhi', 'goyamasaMdhi', 'mahAviracarita', 'mRgAputrakulaka', 'RSabhadhavala', 'RSabhapaMcakalyANa' vagere stotrono samAveza thAya che. - saMdarbhanoMdha 1. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR. 285 2. e ja, pR. 289 3. albI.rUnI, (sakhAunI aMgrejI AvRtti), pR. 202 4. gujarAta eNnDa ITsa liTarecara, pR. 57 jainetaromAM siMhAsanandvAtriMzikA' 'vaitAlapaMcaviMzI' jevI racanAo maLe che, jenA kartAo jANavAmAM AvyA nathI; e badhI racanAo A yuganI che. Ama I. 1150thI 1450 sudhInAM traNaso varSonA gALAmAM uttaragaurjara apabhraMza'nI vikasatI bhASAbhUmikAnI racanAo karatAM aneka viSayonI saMskRta racanAo astitvamAM AvI hatI, jemAM saMkhyAbaMdha kAvyo ane thoDI saMkhyAmAM mahAkAvyo paNa racAyAM hatAM. nATyakRtionI racanA pramANamAM ghaNI ochI. Ama e kALa gujarAtI bhUmi upara jaina sAhityakArone hAthe, mukhyatve, sajIva rahyo che. muslima zAsana AvatAM paNa e haTyo nahoto, jenI pAchaLa baLa hoya to e dhArmika baLa hatuM. 5. sAhitya : prAcIna kALa 7. 107 bhImadeva-bIjAnA samayamAM lATa dezamAM daMDanAyaka sobhanadeva hovAnuM maLe che. (jaisAsaMitihAsa, pR. 337) : DabhoIne lATa dezamAM kahyuM che (e ja, pR. 338). 6. sarasvatInAma, 2-13 ApaNA kavio, pR. 143 hindI sAhityA phatihAsa, pR. 2 8. 9. sItArAma caturveDI, rASTramASApravAra samiti, varSA; ratnatanayaMtI-graMthamAMno hindI sAhitya vizeno vistRta lekha. n

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108 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 10. sanamArarata (haribhadrasUriSkRta neminAthaparita mAM) pR. 152-155. 11. gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa, graMtha 3, pR.120 12. 'sAgaratAlaMkRtAM vitIpura nivezya svayaM taMtra rAkhyuM vA' -pravanyacintAmaNi, pR. 55. jamAlapura ane baherAmapurAno samagra bhUbhAga e 'karNAvatI' hovA vize Aje koI zaMkA rahI nathI. 13. prAcIna gUrjara AvyasaMgraha, pR. 52 14. jaisAsaMitihAsa, pR. 318, 468, 479 15. gujaliTarecara, pR. 78-79 16. jaisAsaMitihAsa, pR. 273-274 17. e ja, pR. 275 18. e ja, pR. 275-278 19. e ja, pR. 278 20. e ja, pR. 280 21. e ja, pR. 281-282 22. e ja, pR. 283-284 23. e ja, pR. 323 24. e ja, pR. 321-322 25-26. e ja, pR 324 27. e ja, pR. 324-325 28-29. e ja, pR. 335 30. e ja, pR. 335-36 31. e ja, pR. 336 32-33. e ja, pR. 337 34. 6. cho. parIva, AvyaprajAza-saMta, graMtha:2, prastAvanA (aMgrenI), pR. 111-12 35. jaisAsaMitihAsa, pR. 392 36-37. e ja, pR. 338-339

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sAhitya prAcIna kALa 109 38 e ja, pR. 339 39-40. e ja, pR 340 41. e ja, pR. 3441 42. e ja, pR. 341 43-44. e ja, pR. 342 45. e ja, pR. 343 46. gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho, lekha naM. 163, pR. 104-109 47. e ja, lekha naM. 147 pR. 41-44 48. prajanyavattAmaUiT, pR. 100 49. mahAmAtya vastupAlanuM sAhityamaMDala, pR.67-69 ane jaisAsaMitihAsa, pR.373-374 50. guja. aiti. lekho, lekha naM. 218, pR. 67-69 ane 73-74 51. mavasAmaMDala, pR. 778 para. e ja, pR. 78 53. jaisAsaMitihAsa, pR. 378 54. e ja, pR. 378-39 55. e ja, pR. 384-386 56. masAmaMDala. pR104-108 57. jesAsaMitihAsa, pR. 392-397 58. e ja. pR. 409-420 59. e ja, pR. 429-434 6061. e ja, pR. 438-444 vagere.

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6 rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya kezavarAma kA. zAstrI 1. rAsa sAhitya prAstAvika gujarAta-saurASTra-kacchanI sAhityika temaja vyavahAranI bhASAnuM nAma "gujarAtI bhASA' vyApaka banyuM te pUrve, je svarUpamAM a-gujarAtIpaNAno leza paNa rahyo nahoto tevuM svarUpa ApaNane kulamaMDanagaNinA tatkAlIna lokabhASAnA mAdhyamamAM lakhAyelA mugdhAvabodha auktika' (I.1394) nAmanA saMskRta bAlavyAkaraNamAM spaSTa rIte jovA maLe che. ahIMthI laIne premAnaMde saMzita karelI gujarAtI bhASAnA svarUpa sudhI pahoMcatI avAMtara bhASAbhUmikAnI saMjJA bhAlaNe "gujara bhAkhA evI svIkArI che. judIjudI avAMtara bhUmikAonuM sAhityika jUnuM svarUpa "mugdhAvabodha auktikanA gadyanuM che, to cAra bhUmikA vaTAvI arvAcIna Adya svarUpa e premAnaMda nAma svIkAreluM che te "gujarAtI bhASA' che, eTale e pUrvenI cAre bhUmikAonuM eka nAma "gurjara bhAkhA' itihAsapuSTa che. Do. tesTiorie jUnI pazcimI rAjasthAnI' kahI che te hakIkate to A "gujara bhAkhA" ja che. emaNe je svarUpanI carcA karI che te svarUpanA samayamAM gujarAta mAravADa ane jayapuranA pradezamAM prAMtIya svarUpo lekhe vikaselAM svarUpa sAcavatI saMkhyAbaMdha hAthaprato sulabha che, eTale gujara bhAkhA' maru bhAkhA' TUMDhALI e traNe jemAMthI nIkaLI AvI te bhUmikAmAM je sAhitya sarajAyuM che temAM madhyakAlIna A traNa bhASAnAM mULa uparAMta, gujarAtI sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatI DuMgarapura-vAMsavADAnA "vAgaDa pradezanI "vAgaDI', mAravADI sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatI mevADI', TUMDhALI sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatI "hADautI', evI bIjI "mevAtI' - "ahIravATI" ane "mALavI' - "nimADInAM paNa mULa sacavAyelAM hovAnA viSayamAM zaMkAne koI kAraNa nathI rahyuM. e evuM svarUpa che

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rAsa ane phagu sAhitya 111 ke je lokamAM pracalita eka apabhraMza-svarUpamAMthI navA saMskAra pAmatAM vikasatuM AvatuM rUpa hatuM. e rUpano vikAsa AraMbhAyo tyAre eno pradeza-vistAra gujarAtasaurASTra-kaccha uparAMta samagra mAravADa-mevADa ane mALavAne AvarI leto hato. araba musAphara alubIrunI (I.1030) jene grAta kahe che te pradeza AbuthI laI uttare jayapura sudhIno vistRta vistAra hato. eTale e pradezamAM je koI prAMtIya bheda hato e vaiyAkaraNoe Apelo naurnara 3pabhraMza hato. caulukya rAjavaMze gujarAtanA AjanA uttara pradezane nAta nAma lAvI ApyuM tyAre A pradezanI vyavahAranI bhASA kornara apabhraMza kahevAtI ja hatI. ane AcArya hemacaMdra potAnA pradezamAM pracalita svarUpane potAnA saMskRta-prAkRta vyAkaraNa siddhahema'nA aMtabhAgamAM bAMdhyuM tyAre udAharaNo ekaThAM karI mUkyAM e svarUpa, e pUrve ja sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNakAra dhArAnareza bhojadevanI TIkAne pAtra baneluM, zaurnara apabhraMza ja hatuM. A svarUmAM ja arvAcInatA tarapha AvanArI prakriyAno Acho AraMbha thaI cUkyo ja hato. emanA samakAlIna kahI zakAya ema che tevA abdura rahemAnanA "saMdezaka-rAsaka' ane emanA uttara kAlamAM racAyelA vajasenasUrinA bharatezvarabAhubalighora' (I.1169), temaja emanA avasAna pachI racAyelA zAlibhadrasUrinA "bharatezvara-bAhubalirAsa (I.1185)nA sAhityika bhASAsvarUpamAM e prakriyA prabaLatA dhAraNa karatI jatI anubhavAya che. A svarUpamAM apabhraMzakAlIna lAkSaNikatAnA aMza sacavAyelA paDyA hoI ene ApaNe "uttara gaurjara apabhraMza evuM nAma ApI zakIe. umAzaMkara jozIe jUnI pazcimI rAjasthAnI'ne mATe mAru gurjara evI saMjJA cIMdhelI te saMjJA bhale e yugane ApI hoya, mane to A 'uttara gaurjara apabhraMzane mATe vadhu baMdhabesatI lAge che. "Adima gujarAtI" kahIe, "Adima mAravADI kahIe ke "Adima TUMDhALI Adima mevAtI "Adima mALavI' kahIe, e samAna svarUpa ja che. A svarUpa vikasatuMvikasatuM "mugdhAvabodha aukika' (I.1394)nI racanA sudhImAM gujara bhAkhA'nI sAhityika pahelI zuddha bhUmikAmAM sthApita thaI jAya che. narasiMha mahetAe UrmithI UchaLatA padasAhityano pravAha vahevaDAvavAnI zarUAta (I.1434 AsapAsa) karI tyAMsudhInA samayamAM rAsa' nAmano mukhya sAhityaprakAra vipulatAthI kheDAyelo hoI A yugane "rAsayuga' evuM nAma ApavuM svAbhAvika gaNAze. AmAM uttara gaurjara apabhraMzanI sAhityika bhASAbhUmikAnA anusaMdhAnamAM "gujara bhAkhA'nI paNa pahelI sAhityika bhUmikAmAM thayelI racanAo paNa sthAna pAmI rahe che. hakIkate I.1169thI I.1434 sudhInAM aMdAje poNA traNaso varSanA sAhityano A yuga gaNavAmAM bAdha nathI.

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112 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 A yugamAM jainetara padya ke gadya lakhAyelAM bhAgye ja jovA maLe che. apavAda laukika kathAsAhityanI mAtra be ja kRtionA che : asAitakRta 'haMsAuli' (I. 136 1)11 ane bhImakRta 'sadayavatsacarita'(I.1410)16. hiMdI sAhityanA itihAsagraMthomAM 'vIragAthAkAla' tarIke kahevAmAM AvelA yuganI narapati nAlDa-kRta vIsaladerAso' ane caMdabaradAI-kRta 'pRthurAjarAso' e beu kRtio 'rAsayuga' pachInI racanAo puravAra thaI cUkI che eTale e gaNanApAtra rahI nathI. 'rAsayuga'mAM rAsa, carcarI, phAgu, laukika prabaMdhakathAo, bAramAsI, chaMda, kakka ane mAtRkAcaupaI, kalaza, temaja phuTakaLa padaracanAo, ane vadhArAmAM thoDuM gadya paNa kheDAyela che. AmAM 'rAsa' khUba kheDAyo che, 'carcarI' kvacita ja maLe che,4 bAkInA sAhityaprakAromAM 'phAgu' kAMIka dhyAna kheMce tevI rIte kheDAyA che. laukika prabaMdha-kathAo thoDI ja kheDAI che, paNa thoDI hovA chatAM e potAnuM viziSTa sthAna sAcavI rAkhavA zaktimAna che. bIjA prakAro khUba ja thoDA ane sAhityaprakAra tarIke, bAramAsI'nA apavAde, mahattvanuM sthAna jALavavA zaktimAna kahI zakAya; jyAre gadyamAM 'aticAra'nA TukaDA, TabA, bAlAvabodho, thoDAM auktika, keTalAMka sumadhura varNaka, ane moDethI pRthvIcaMdracarita'(I.1422) jevI sAhityaka kathA racAyela maLe che. 'rAsa'saMjJA 'rAsa' ke 'rAso' saMjJA kAnane athaDAya che ke tarata ja ApaNe geya prakAranI dharmacaritamUlaka racanAo 'rAsa' tarIke ane aitihyamUlaka prabaMdhaprakAranI racanAo 'rAso' tarIke kahevA lalAIe chIe. ['rAsu' e to 'rAsa' zabdanI pahelI vibhakti e. va.nuM apabhraMzakAlIna rUpa mAtra che. 'rAso' e aMte svarabhAravALA rAsa: nuM prA. rAso > apa. rAsaDa dvArA niSpanna rUpa che. Ama rAsa ane rAsaM e be saMjJA saraLatAthI meLavI zakAya che. 'rAsa'-rAsaya'(saM. rAsa -rAsa) e be saMjJAono sauthI jUno prayoga udyotanasUrinI prAkRta gadyapadyAtmaka 'kuvalayamAlA' nAmanI gadyakathA (zAke 700 saM. 835 - I.779 - mAravADanI bhUmine mATe vaparAtA jUnA gujjaradezanA jAbAlipu2-jAloramAM racAyelI) geya nRttano khyAla Ape che.15] e saMdarbha uparathI 'carcarI' sAthe ekAtmakatA dharAvatuM gAna samajAya che. Avo paNa zuddha sAhityasvarUpAtmaka 'rAsa' zabdano prAmANika prayoga to abdura rahemAne racelo saMdezaka-rAsaka' (I.12mI zatAbdI)no che : 'suprasiddha abdura rahemAne 'saMdezaka-rAsaka'nI racanA karI. 15 khyAlamAM rAkhavA jevuM che ke e pachI zAlibhadrasUri enA bharatezvarabAhubalirAsa' (I.1185)mAM 'rAsanA -

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rAsa ane zagu sAhitya 113 chaMdothI potAnuM kAvya kahevA pratijJA kare che, paA tethI eka sAhityika prakAra tarIke enA hRdayamAM 'rAsa' hoya. pachIno prayoga jAlorathI sahajiga(sejakapuramAM AvIne Asige racelA jIvadayArAsano che, jyAM potAnI kRtine e 'navo rAsa kahe che.15I "saMdezaka-rAsaka' kAvyaguNothI sabhara dUtakAvya che, "bharatezvarabAhubalirAsa' khaMDakAvyanA svarUpanI paurANika AkhyAnaprakAranI geya padyaracanA che, jyAre jIvadayArAsa'mAM zrAvakadharmanuM upadezagarbha nirUpaNa mAtra maLe che. emAM koI kathAvastu sarvathA nathI. A prakArano upadezAtmaka "buddhirAsa' zAlibhadrasUrinI racanA jANavAmAM AvI ja che, 63 kaDIonI, paNa emAM 'pAsa' jevI saMjJA koI nathI maLI. vaLI, I.1169 AsapAsanI devasUrinA ziSya vajasenasUrinI 48 kaDIonI bharatezvarabAhubali-ghora' nAmanI kathAtmaka padyaracanAnI paNa koI saMjJA maLatI nathI; baMdhanI dRSTie ja ene "rAsa' kahI zakAya." khAsa to abdura rahemAnanA dUtakAvya saMdezaka rAsaka'nI racanA "rAsakano sAhityaprakAra tarIke spaSTa nirdeza kare che e dhyAnamAM rAkhavA jevuM che. * rAsa sAhityaprakAranuM mULa I.123ramAM racAyelA revaMtagirirAsune aMte enA kartA vijayasenasUri "raMgihi e ramatuM jo rAsu' (4-2007 ema rAsa nAmano A sAhityaprakAra raMgapUrvaka ramavAnI-samUhamAM gAvAnI cIja tarIke hovAno khyAla Ape che e uparathI eTaluM spaSTa che ke A prakAranI racanAonA mULamAM nRttaprakAra paDelo che. ane purANasAhityamAM kRSNanI 'rAsalIlA' suvidita che. aitihAsika daSTie "rAsa' zabda keTalo jUno che enI bhALa meLavavA jatAM I.nI bIjI sadI AsapAsa jenI racanA thayelI svIkAravAmAM AvI che te "harivaMza purANamAM maLI Ave che, jyAM baladevanI AjJAthI e baladevanAM ane enI patnI revatInAM darzana karavA AvelI apsarAoe hAthathI tALIo ApatAM ApatAM kRSNa ane baladeve karelAM bAlakrIDanakone vastu tarIke laI hasatAM hasatAM "rAsa karyo. jyAre apsarAono A "rAsa' joyo tyAre baladeva potAnI patnI revatI sAthe, kRSNa potAnI eka patnI satya sAthe, arjuna potAnI patnI subhadrA sAthe rahI kRSNa sAthe, ane bIjA paNa tyAM hAjara hatA te putro ane bIjA yAdavo "rA' khelatA eTalA tallIna thaI gayA ke jene laI jagata harSAnvita thayuM ane niSpApa banI gayuM. A sthaLe atithi tarIke AvelA rAsapraNetA nArada muni paNa kUdavA lAgyA. strIo-strIo ane puruSo-strIo ema beu prakAre A 'rAsa' khelAtA hovA vizeno nirdeza che. AgaLa jatAM "chAlikya'

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114 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 - nAmaka geya gAMdharvagAnane samaye nArade vINA lIdhI, kaNe 'hallIsaka'no AraMbha karyo, arjune veNu bajAvavI zarU karI ane anyAnya apsarAoe vividha vAdyo lIdhAM. nRtta sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvanAra traNa mahattvanI saMjJAono 'harivaMza' Ama nirdeza kare che. A ja harivaMza'mAM gopAMganAo sAthe vihAranuM sUcana Ave che, jyAM goLAkAramAM rahelAM gopIonAM maMDaLothI zobhatA kRSNa caMdrayukta zAradI rAtriomAM AnaMda karatA batAvAyA che. TIkAkAra nIlakaMTha A sthaLe caMdrAkAra maMDaLothI "hallIsaka'-kIDana ane eka puruSanuM aneka strIo sAthenuM "rAsa'-kIDana, evA be bhinna krIDana-prakAra nirUpe che. 22 ane jyAre hallIsaka' nRttavizeSa A pramANe kRSNalIlA sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvato paNa maLe che tyAre I. pUrve 4thI-3jI sadInA mahAkavi bhAse bAlacarita' nAmaka nATakamAM dAmodara kRSNa gopAMganAo sAthe "hallIsaka' khelavA Ave che evA ullekha bAda eka gopAla hallIsaka juo' ema kahe che e pachI bhagavAna dAmodara gopAMganAone hallIsakanRttabaMdha yojavAnI AjJA kare che ane saMkarSaNa dAmaka ane meghanAda nAmanA gopone Atodya vagADavAnuM kahe che. 23 jema samUhamAM nRtta te ja rIte eka vyaktinuM nRtta paNa bhAsane abhISTa che ane kAliyamadamardana pachI kAliyanI pAMce pheNone dabAvatA kRSNa hallIsaka' prakAranuM kIDana kare che. 23 harivaMza ane enI pUrvenA svIkAravAmAM AvelA bhAsanA bAlacaritamAM Ama 'hallIsakanRttabaMdhano nirdeza harivaMzamAM A uparAMta chAlikya geya ane 'rAsano ullekha bhAratavarSanI taLabhUminAM nRtto ane mahattvanA eka geya'no kAMIka viziSTa rIte khyAla Ape che. AvA ja vRttaprakAro draviDa pradezomAM jANItA hovAnuM paNa jANavAmAM AvyuM che. tAmiLa sAhityamAM kRSNanI saMjJA meyona ke mayavana che. ene saMgIta ghaNuM priya hatuM. potAnI priyA nauita (rAdhAnuM tAmiLa nAma) temaja moTA bhAI balarAma sAthe rava chUTTa nAmanuM nRtta khelavAnuM maLI Ave che. silaptadikaramU' nAmanA tAmiLa bhASAnA prAcIna graMthamAM kRSNanAM agiyAra prakAranAM nRttono nirdeza Ave che. 4 Ama "rAsa', "hallIsaka', ane "kuravaI kUTTa' vagere agiyAra prakAranAM vRtto bhAratavarSanAM lokanRtto hovAnuM saraLatAthI jANI zakAya che. harivaMza' pachInA purANasAhityamAM "rAsanA ane kAvyazAstranA saMskRta graMthomAM rAsa' ane "hallIsakanA puSkaLa nirdezo maLI Ave che. "bahmapurANa'mAM TUMko paNa kRSNano gopAMganAo sAtheno "rAsa' sUcita thayo che. Ane ja maLato ullekha 'viSNupurANamAM thayo che. rAsane mATe rAsagoSThI' zabda paNa prayojAyo che. A, hakIkate, nRttanI prakriyA ja che, jemAM pahoLo, goLa komaLa, vaitamAtra UMco zaMku jamInamAM khoDI, enA upara kUdI ekabIjAnI sAthe hAthathI cakkaracakkara pharavAnuM

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rAsa ane kSagu sAhitya 115 hoya che.27 bhAgavata ane bahmavaivarta purANamAM to pachI bhagavAna kRSNanAM gopAMganAo sAthenAM moTAM varNana Ave che. bhAgavatamAM to rAsagoSThI'28 zabda paNa anekavA2 prayojAyelo che, je rAsanRtta'no ja paryAya che. A prakAranA 'rAsanRtta'mAM 'chAlikya geya' vastuno paNa upayoga hato e 'hiravaMza'no ullekha dhyAnamAM levA jevo che. kAvyazAstramAM A vize vadhu spaSTatA maLe che. 'hallIsaka' ane 'rAsa' ane 'rAsaka' e geya vastu (kAvyaracanA) dharAvatA nRttAtmaka prakAro che eno prAmANika ane jUno ullekha 'bharatanATyazAstra'nA TIkAkAra AcArya abhinavagupte 'ciraMtano'nI kahI udhRta karelI kArikAomAM jovA maLe che. ahIM DoMbikA-bhANa-prasthAna-SidgakabhANikA ane rAmAkrIDa nAmanA nRtAtmaka prabaMdhonI vyAkhyAo ApatAM 'hallIsaka' ane 'rAsaka'nI paNa vyAkhyAo ApI che. je nRtta maMDaLAkAra thAya che tene 'hallIsaka' kahe che; emAM eka ja nAyaka hoya che; u. ta. aneka gopAMganAomAM eka hira; jyAre citravicitra tAla ane layavALuM aneka nartakIoe yojeluM 64 joDAM sudhInuM sukomaLa ane uddhata prayogavALuM nRtta te 'rAsaka'. 29 30 sAhityakAromAM 'hallIsaka'no nirdeza karanArA bhAsa to khUba ja jUno che, rAsa'no eTalo jUno ullekha sAhityanA ke sAhityazAstranA graMthomAM nathI maLato. atyAre prApya nirdezomAM to 'kAvyAlaMkA2'kAra bhAmaha (samaya i. 500-550 AsapAsa)no pahelo ja kahI zakAya. e 'nATaka' 'dvipadI' 'zamyA' rAsaka' 'skaMdhaka'no abhinayane mATe upayoga thavAnuM noMdhe che. ApaNe paurANika nirdezonI chAyAmAM eno vicAra karIe to evI tAravaNI karI zakIe ke dvipadI' vagere racanAo nRttaprayogomAM prayojI zakAya tevI hatI. ane jyAre ApaNane bANanA zabdo maLe che tyAre mAtra 'rAsaka' ja nahi, 'hallIsaka'no paNa ene khyAla hoya ema lAgyA vinA rahetuM nathI;1 bezaka, e 'hallIsaka' zabdano AThamI sadImAM bANane khyAla hato; eTale ke bANanA samayamAM maMDalInRtta rAsanRtta-rAsaka-nRtta geya kRtivALAM abhinIta thatAM hatAM eTaluM taddana spaSTa thaI jAya che. 'kuvalayamAlA' (I. 779) to 'rAsakanRtta' prayoje ja che. ane AcArya abhinavaguptanA kahevA pramANe emanA samaya sudhI e geya nRtta to che ja, bhAmahanA nirdezathI 'rUpaka' koTimAM paNa kharuM ja, eTale 'rAsaka' geya-abhineya nRttaprakAra hovAnuM kahI zakAya ema che. I.nI 10mI 11mI sadImAM AvatAM A spaSTa rIte rUpaka-prakAra tarIke noMdhAya che. dhArAnareza vAti muMjanA samakAlIna dhanaMjayanA racelA "dazarUpaka'mAM dasa rUpakonI jyAM gaNanA karI che (1-8) tyAM enA uparanI saM. TIkAno kartA, eno ja nAno bhAI, dhanika sAta nRttabhedomAM 'rAsaka'ne gaNAvI ene 'rUpakAMtaromAMnuM eka'. kahe che. Ama chatAM 32

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116 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 eno uttara samakAlIna dhArAnareza bhojadeva AMgika abhinayamAtrathI nartako je vyakta kare che tevA lAsya' "tAMDava' chalika "saMpA e cAranI sAthe hallIsaka ane rAsane umerI cha vRttaprakAra mAtra kahe che, jyAre eno ja uttara samakAlIna vAlmaTa enA "kAvyAnuzAsana'mAM abhinaya rUpaka ane geya rUpakanI judIjudI gaNatarI karAvatAM hallIsaka" ane "rAkane geya kahI ciraMtanoe kahelAM "geya rUpaka' kahe che. * AcArya hemacaMdra paNa A ja vyAkhyA svIkArI che, e paNa vilakSaNatA to emanA ziSya ane nATyadarpaNakAra rAmacaMdra ApI che, jeo rasaruM ane nirisa: evA be bheda alagaalaga Ape che. teo aneka nartakIothI yojya "rAsakane taddana jatuM karI jemAM soLa, bAra ke ATha nAyikAo nRtta kare che ane jemAM piMDabaMdha vagereno vizvAsa che tene rAsaka(napu) kahe che, jyAre AsaktithI vasaMta Rtuno Azraya karI jyAM pRthvIpatinA caritra vize strIo nRtta kare che tene nATyazAsakapu) kahe che. * sAhityadarpaNakAra vizvanAtha aDhAra jeTalAM uparUpako gaNAvI emAM "nATyarAsaka "rAsaka" ane "hallIza'nI vyAkhyAo ApatAM traNene ekAMkI racanAo hovAnuM kahe che. Ama e nATyaracanAo thaI cUkI che, have A geya nRtto rahyAM hoya ema lAgatuM nathI, paraMtu 'uttara gaurjara apabhraMza bhASAbhUmikAmAM prApta thatA rAsa to spaSTarUpe geya koTinA ja che ane "revaMtagirirAsunA jaNAvyA pramANe e ramAtA paNa hatA ja8 rAsa ane daMDarAsa vagere nRprakAro bhAvaprakAzanakAra zAradAtanaya nRttanI dRSTie rAsanA traNa prakAra Ape che; 39 jevA ke 1. latArAsa, 2. daMDarAsa, 3. maMDalarAsa. AmAMno maMDalarAsa te strIo-strIo puruSo-puruSo ane strIo-puruSo e rIte goLa kuMDALe thato rAsa prakAra hato, jemAM ekabIjAnA hAtha pakaDIne geya vastunA gAna sAthe nRtta thatuM hatuM. A pachIno bIjo prakAra te zAradAtanayano lahArAsa che, jemAM ekabIjAne vaLagIne, ekabIjAnA khabhA para hAtha rAkhIne goLAkAre nRta karavAmAM Ave. A prakAra gujara rabArIomAM haju sudhI pracalita che. ThAkaraDA komamAM strIo najIkanajIka ghasAtI, goLAkAre pharatI, tALI pADatI Ave e kadAca A "latArAsakamAMthI vikaselo prakAra che. Ane tAlArAsa' ke 'tAlArasa' kahevAmAM Ave to lakSmaNagaNi (., 1143) va 3ttAnatAnIDarta rAsayuM. - keTalAMka UMco tAla ApI sAmasAme tALIothI rUse caDyo rAsa letAM hatAM' ema kahe che te "tAlArAma" ja che. saptakSetrirAsa' (saM. vai327-I. 1171)mAM 'tAlArAsa' uparAMta "lakuTArAsa'no paNa ullekha thayo che. lakuTArAsa' e ja "daMDarAsa" - Aje jene dAMDiyArAsa' ke

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 117 'dAMDiyArasa kahevAmAM Ave che te. A rAsa maMgA nahotA thatA, emAM koIpaNa geya cIja tAla-laya sAthe gAvAmAM paNa AvatI hatI. A geya cIja te ja rAsayugamAM rAsa' tarIke vikasI ane aneka peTA prakAromAM khIlI. rAsa-phAgu vagere A pramANe trividha nRttaprakArane mATenAM ja sarjana thaye jatAM hatAM, jemAMthI pachI aitihyamUlaka rAsa-kRtio pAkyAtmaka koTimAM jaI paDI. "rAsamAMthI vikaselAM "AkhyAnoe Ama chatAM geyatA jALavI rAkhI. rAsanA chaMda ahIM bharatezvarabAhubalirAsamAM 'rAsaI eNdihi42 ('dasanA chaMdothI) ema je kahevAmAM AvyuM che te paNa thoDo vicAra mAgI le che. rAsA' chaMda 21 mAtrAno che ane enuM lakSaNa "svayaMbhU-chaMda, hemacaMdranA chaMdonuzAsana, ane "kavidarpaNamAM maLe che. ratnazekharanA "chaMdaDakozamAM Apelo "AbhANaka chaMda A ja che.43 sAmAnya rIte 12mI mAtrAe yati rAkhato ane chellI traNa mAtrA traNa laghunA rUpomAM Apato chaMda "saMdezaka-rAsaka' uparAMta saMkhyAbaMdha phAguomAM paNa prayojAyelo che. paraMtu jUnAmAM jUno thayelo prayoga jinadattasUrie (janma I.1076, dIkSA I.1085) apabhraMza bhASAmAM racelI 47 kaDInI jinavallabha-guNastutino "carcarI che. TIkAkAra jinapAla (racanA-samaya I.1238) chaMdanuM nAma "kunda kahe che ane AkhI racanAne varI(vavarI) kahe che. TIkAkAra khAsa dhyAna dore che ke maMjarI bhASA()thI nAcanArA A gAya che. A jinadattasUrinA upadezarasAyanane A ja TIkAkAra rAsala' kahe che ane kahe che ke kuzaLa gAyako badhA rAgomAM A gAya che, A rAsaka pelA "kunda' chaMda - hakIkate chaMda:paraMparAnA "AbANaka' ke "rAsaka chaMdamAM nathI, paraMtu "paddhaTikA' baMdha - paddhaDI chaMdamAM che, je chellI be mAtrA be laghunA rUpamAM hoya tevo 16 mAtrAno chaMda che." TIkAkAra ene geya racanA kahe che. mIra abdura rahemAnano spaSTa samaya bhale taddana nizcita thato na hoya, paraMtu 'uttara gaurjara apabhraMzanI lAkSaNikatAnAM bIja nakhAI gayAM che tevI saMdezaka-rAsaka' nAmanI sumadhura rAsaracanA, A pUrve batAvAyuM che tema, nAma pADIne e Ape ja che. e kavi gItaviSayaka prAkRta kAvyo racanArA tarIke suprasiddha hato; eNe racanA karI hoI svAbhAvika rIte ja A racanA geya hovI joIe. ane A kavie "rAsA nAmaka chaMdamAM paNa keTalIka kaDIo racI che. A rAsA chaMda upara batAvyo te 21 mAtrAno "AbhANaka' chaMda che paNa AnAthI A sAhityaprakAra tarIke spaSTa na ja thAya, kAraNake emAM A sahita bhinnabhinna 22 chaMda vaparAyA che. emAM mAlinI naMdiNi" "bhamarAvali' jevAM varNavatto temaja DumilA' jevAM mAtrAvRtta' - "varNavRtta'

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118 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 baMne rUpa dharAvanArAM vRtta paNa vaparAyAM che. mAtrAmeLa chaMdo geya koTinA kahI zakAya. virahAMke enA "vRttajAtisamuccaya' nAmanA chaMdograMthamAM be prakAranA rAsa chaMda ApyA che temAM pahelA prakAramAM e koI zuddha chaMda nathI, paraMtu vistAritaka' athavA to dvipadI' chaMda hoya ane aMte vicArI-saMjJaka dhruvakA' AvI hoya tevI racanA. AnA koI namUnA ApaNI pAse nathI. bIjA prakAramAM to aDilA' dvipathaga' mAtrA rathyA' 'DhosA' e chaMdonI saMkhyAbaMdha racanA hoya te "rAsaka' che. Ama "rAsaka chaMda nahi rahetAM aneka chaMdothI samRddha racanA hovAnuM jANI zakAya che. svayaMbhU A "rAsaka'nuM lagabhaga AvuM ja lakSaNa ApI "sAhityaprakAra' tarIke batAvyA pachI 21 mAtrAnA barAsaka'("AbhANaka')nuM lakSaNa paNa Ape che. A mahattvanAM lakSaNa sAcavato koI paNa rAsa' jANavAmAM Avyo hoya to e eka mAtra "saMdezaka-rAka che. uttara gaurjara apabhraMza bhUmikAthI laI cheka arvAcIna bhUmikA sudhI seMkaDonI saMkhyAmAM racAyelA rAsa jANavAmAM AvyA che, paraMtu virahAka ane svayaMbhUe lakSita karelA ane abdu rahemAne racyA prakAranA rAsa to nathI ja maLatA. "saMdezaka-rAsaka' kAvyaguNothI samRddha evI sUcaka rAsaracanA che ane enA moTA bhAganA chaMda geya koTinA che. ApaNe jyAre "bharatezvarabAhubalirAsane joIe chIe tyAre enA racayitA zAlibhadrasUrie paNa chaMdonI daSTie vaividhya jarUra sAdhyuM che, paNa e "saMdezaka-rAsaka'nA prakAranuM savaze nathI. rAha chaMdihi kahIne kartAno Azaya "rAsane anukULa chaMdomAM potAnI kRti vistAravAno che rAsa' nRprakAra ane sAhityaprakArano saMbaMdha Ama "rAsa' ke 'rAsaka' eka vRttaprakAra tarIke temaja eka sAhityaprakAra tarIke ApaNI sAme rajU thatAM mUMjhavanAro prazna to e che ke baMne vacceno saMbaMdha kevA prakArano che. "rAsa' vRttaprakAra hato ane rAsayuganI racanAo astitvamAM AvI e vacce seMkaDo varSono gALo che. mAtra dezAbhASAmAM racanAo thavA lAgI hatI ke saMskRta-prAkRtamAM paNa racanAo thaI hatI? nATyazAstramAM ApelI jAtirAgomAM kAma AvatI geya dhruvAone ane kAlidAsanA vikramorvazIya'nA cothA aMkamAM AvatI apabhraMza geya dhruvAone jotAM, vaLI "harivaMza'nA "chAlikya' geya ane mAlavikAgnimitra' nATakanA "chalitaka geyane nRttaprakAra sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA jotAM ane "kuvalayamAlA'nI "carcarI (rAsa-nartana mATenI) jotAM geyatAthI samRddha nRttaprakArone nakArI zakavAnI sthitimAM ApaNe nathI ja. ane jyAre jayadevanA gItagoviMdanAM darzana thAya che tyAre jarA jeTalI paNa zaMkA rahetI nathI ke

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rAsa ane zagu sAhitya 119 bhAratavarSamAM zAstrIya mArga ane dezI saMgItanI racanAo pracalita hatI, bhale bacI na hoya. gItagoviMda' samUhanRttamAM ke vyaktiniSTha nRttamAM upayukta thatuM haze ke nahi e emAMthI bhale pramANita thatuM na hoya, e geya temaja abhinayakSama racanA che emAM to zaMkA nathI.50 AvI sumadhura racanAo apabhraMzamAM nathI." saMdezaka-rAsaka' racanA 'uttara gaurjara apabhraMzakAla'nI racanA che. emAM chaMdonuM vaividhya paNa che ja. e zRMgArika kavitA Ape ja che; ane eka dhAraNA evI che ke mulatAnanA pradezamAM hajI muslima sattA nahotI te pUrve ja "saMdezaka-rAkanI racanA thaI che; to ene siddharAja ke kumArapALanA samayanI racanA kahevI paDe. Ama chatAM jayadevanA gItagoviMdanI racanA to "saMdezaka-rAka pUrvanI rahe. jema I.1185nA zAlibhadrasUrinA "bharatezvara-bAhubalirAsa'mAM geya koTinA judA paDatA chaMdonI dezIonAM darzana thAya che tevI ja rIte enI pUrve racAyelI jayadevanA saMskRta "gItagoviMdanI aSTapadIo paNa dezIomAM racAyelI jovA maLe che. eTale abdurU rahemAne virahAMka ane svayaMbhUnA 'rAsakanI vyAkhyAnA baMdhanamAM racanA karI hatI emAMthI AgaLa vadhI zuddha geya dezIomAM "bharatezvara-bAhubalirAsa' e racanA astitvamAM AvI. saMskRta gItagoviMda' to e pahelAM ja siddha thaI cUkelI racanA hatI. sAhityaprakAra tarIke A traNe racanA cokkasa prakAranA be sImAstaMbha rajU karI Ape che. rAsa : sAhityaprakAra A pUrve batAvyuM te pramANe, "saMdezaka-rAsakano kartA abdura rahemAna potAnI racanAne rAsaka' kahe ja che, "bharatezvara-bAhubalirAsa no kartA zAlibhadrasUri potAnI racanAne rAsaha chaMdihi' ('rAsa'nA chaMdothI) bAMdhe che, to bhinnabhinna akSarameLa chaMdone geya dezIbaMdhanI aSTapadIonI AsapAsa bAMdhIne bAra sargomAM jayadeve gItagoviMda bAMdhyuM che. prakAranI daSTie vicAratAM, abdura rahemAna, virahAMke potAnA vRttajAtisamuccaya' graMthamAM "rAsakanI vyAkhyA ApI che tene, custapaNe vaLagI mAtrAmeLa chaMdomAM ane thoDA ja akSarameLa chaMdomAM "dUtakAvya' Ape che. abda rahemAnane ApaNe, munizrI jinavijayajI svIkAre che tema para 12mI sadInA uttarArdhamAM svIkArIe to jayadevanA samayathI eka sadI e moDo Ave che. jayadeva mAtrAmeLa zuddha chaMdono upayoga na karatAM chaMdonI dezIo prayojI che ane aSTapadIo prabaMdho)nI AsapAsa to akSarameLa vRtto ja prayukta karyo che. enA vise prabaMdhonI dezIone tapAsatAM copAI, caraNAkuLa, savaiyAcAlanI dezIo thoDAthoDA vaividhya, harigItanI dezI, jhUlaNAnA TukaDAnI dezIo, zuddha kAminImohana

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120 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 chaMda, ane mizrita - A pramANe bhinnabhinna rAgomAM ane tAlomAM gavAtI jovAmAM Ave che. viSaya tarIke kRSNano rAdhA sAtheno vihAra rajU thayo che. kavie ene 12 sargonuM eka hRdayaMgama khaMDakAvya banAvI lIdhuM che. emAM kathAnI saLaMgasUtratA chatAM enI moTA bhAganI aSTapadIo geya UrmikavitAnA rUpamAM anubhavAya che. saMdezaka-rAsaka' to dUtakAvya che. emAM virahiNI dUra dezAvaramAM rahetA priyatamane saMdezo mokale che, paraMtu kavie cha RtuonuM kamanIya varNana vacce ApIne ane kAvyAMte priyanI pratyakSatA sAdhI ApIne kAvyane prAcIna paripATInI dRSTie sAcuM kAvya banAvI ApyuM che. uparanAM baMne kAvyo zRMgArarasanI bhinnabhinna koTione sAcavI rAkhanArAM kAvya che tyAre "bharatezvara-bAhubalirAsa vIrarasane mUrta karI ApatuM nirvedAMta kAvya che ane uttarakAlIna rAsakAvyomAMnA kathAtmaka kAvyatattvanuM pratinidhitva Ape che. A chelluM bhinnabhinna geya dezIomAM che; bezaka, vaccevacce vastu' chaMdano prayoga paNa karI lIdho che. kavie 15 "doDhI'mAtrA 16+16+13)no prayoga karyo che, je A pUrvenI vajasenasUrinA "bharatezvara bAhubali-ghora (AraMbhanI 10 kaDIo)mAM che tevA prakAranI che. A be kRtionI pUrve AvI koI doDhI' jANavAmAM AvI nathI. "bha. bA. rAsamAM A pachI "vastuchaMdanI be kaDI ApI 14 ivaNi' (saM. sthApanA)omAM vacce "vastu' chaMda prayojI kAvya bAMdhyuM che. 'ThavaNio' spaSTapaNe geya racanAo che. pahelI "ThavaNi (kaDI 19-42) pratyeka ardhane aMte tuM geyatApUraka sAthe doharAmAM che. ahIM e noMdhavuM joIe ke "saMdezakarAsakamAM dohA ThIkaThIka che, paNa ene geyatAno ghATa apAyo jovA maLato nathI. kAlidAsanA vikramorvazIya' (aMka 4thA)mAM "dohA'nI dhruvAo (7mI vagere) maLe ja che. "ThavaNi' bIjI kAMIka aniyamitatAthI pratye ardhane aMta pa geyatApUraka sAthe (kaDI 43-76) soraThAnI che. chellI ThavaNa 14mI paNa "soraThAnI che, paNa emAM prathama adhata "', to e uparAMta pratyeka ardhanA AraMbhanA zabda pachI revaMtagirirAsunA 4thA kaDavAnI jema ja ' umerAyo che. A pUrve bha. bA. ghora' mAM (kaDI 12thI chellI 48 sudhI) soraTho" prayojAyo che. A beu sthaLono prayoga geyatAnI daSTie thayo che. bha. bA. rAsamAM "caraNAkuLa-copAInA mizraNavALI, AraMbhamAM dhuvA-kaDI sAcavatI 'ThavaNio' 3,4,5,7,9 che, ane dhuvA'nI kaDI na hoya tevI 6,8,13 e "ThavaNio' che. A paNa spaSTa rIte Ama geya che. ivaNi 10-11 "kAvya' kiMvA roLA' chaMdanI che. A chaMda paNa geya che. A pUrvenI koI geya kRtiomAM A chaMda jovA maLyo nathI. dhyAna kheMce te "bha. bA. rAsa'nI 12mI vaNi' che. 'hive sarasvatI thaDana' eve mathALe 144, 146, 148, 150, 15ra e pAMca kaDI pratyeka caraNa copAI+doharAnuM

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 121 samacaraNa evA mizraNanuM banI evAM cAra caraNothI bane che. A ghaData nIce 145, 147, 149, 151 e cArane trUTa kahyAM che, jemAM pahelAM cAra caraNa chelle laghu akSaranI eka mAtrA sAcavatAM 12 mAtrAnAM che. ane chelluM caraNa pachI AvRtta thatAM tyAM zuddha harigIta chaMda prayojavAmAM Avela che. uparAMta viziSTatA e che ke paheluM 'dhavala' pUruM thatAM chellA zabdonuM sthAna-parivartanathI 'chUTaka'mAM Avartana thAya che; samagra trUTaka pUro thatAM e rIte dhavalamAM zabdonuM Avartana thAya che. svarUpa uparathI ja spaSTa thAya che ke samUhanRttamAM traNa Thappa judAjudA rAhathI gAvAmAM A 'sarasvatI dhaula' upayukta thatuM haze. lagabhaga Ane maLato prakAra pachI to cheka narasiMha mahetAnI cAturIomAM jovA maLe che. -- kAvyatattvahIna, mAtra kathAtattva sAcavatuM bharatezvara-bAhubali-ghora' svarUpa uparathI be NivALI racanA che, tethI ja mAtra rAsa'nA sAhityaprakAramAM AvI zake ema che. zAlibhadrasUrinI bIjI racanA buddhirAsa' jANavAmAM AvI che; bezaka, kRtinA aMtabhAgamAM kartAnA nAma sivAya bIjuM kAMI maLatuM nathI; A racanAnuM nAma tethI ja 'buddhirAsa' svIkAravuM paNa muzkela che; A mAtra dezasaMgraha che. graMthakAre 4 khaMDo ('vaNio')mAM kaDIo bhinnabhinna geya dezIomAM racI che (kaDIo2-14 caraNAkuLamAM, 15-23 soraThA, 24-45 bha. bA. rAsa'nA AraMbhanI 'doDhI'nA rUpamAM, ane 46-63 doharAmAM--viSama caraNone aMte haiM geyatApUrakathI), ATalA mAtrathI upalaka daSTithI ja 'rAsa' banI che. A buddhirAsa'nA jevI upadezamUlaka 'jIvadayArAsa' nAmanI racanA koI AsiganI karelI (I.1201nI) maLe che. kaDI 2-53mAM SaTpadI caraNAkuLa ApatI A racanAne kartA AraMbhamAM upara sarasita Asiga bhaNaI navau rAsu jIvadayArAsu' temaja aMtamAM paNa 'rayau 2Asu bhaviyaha maNamohaNuM'54 ema 'rAsa' kahe che. Asige 'caMdanabAlArAsa'nI jAloramAM je TUMkI sAdI racanA karI che te bharatezvara-bAhubali-rAsa'nI jema dhArmika kathAnaka che.55 maheMdrasUriziSya dharmanuM jaMbUsAmicariya'- rkivA 'jaMbUsAmirAsa' - puSpikAmAM jaNAvyA pramANe) 41 'roLA' chaMdanI racanA che. emAM traNe sthaLe 'ni' zabda lakhyo che, paNa tyAM vibhAga paDato pakaDAto nathI. A kathAtmaka sAmAnya nirUpaNa ja Ape che (2cyAvarSa I.1210). ta' 'o'TM jevA pAdAMte temaja v ' koI kaDIomAM pahelA zabda pachI Ave che te A kRti gavAtI haze eTaluM kahI jAya che. baMdhanI dRSTie thoDuMka vaividhya 'AburAsa' (I.1230 lagabhaga)mAM 'bhAsa' mathALe 'caraNAkula' ane naLi mathALe sAmAnya rIte doharA' maLe che, joke 28mI kaDI doharA'nI nathI ane 41-50 roLA'nAM aDadhiyAM che. 'AbUrAsa' kyo che, paNa e bhaNau naimijiNaMdaha rAso'(1) ema 'naimijiveMdrarAsa' che.

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122 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 vastupALa-tejapALanA guru vijyasenasUrinA 'revaMtagirirAsu' (I.1232 AsapAsa)mAM, atyAra sudhInI prApya kRtiomAM, prathamavA2 Dava zabdano TaLa ke mAsane sthAne prayoga maLe che. A pAribhASika zabda mULamAM eka viziSTa paraMparAno khyAla Ape che. AnuM mULa zodhavA ApaNe sAhityika apabhraMzanI racanAo sudhI javuM paDe che. apabhraMzamAM caturmukha svayaMbhUe 'hiravaMza' ane 'paumacarau' e be moTAM kAvyonI racanA karelI maLe che. vizALakAya A kAvyo apabhraMzanI paribhASA pramANe 'saMdhikAvyo' kahevAtAM, ane enA saMdhi aneka 'kaDavako'mAM vibhakta thatA. A kaDavakono mukhya chaMda 'padmaDI' hato ane judAjudA graMthakartAoe kaDavakamAM kaDInI saMkhyA vadhatIochI paNa karI che. AvA ekama'ne aMte dhattA' AvatI tenA chaMdamAM paNa vaividhya jovA maLe ja che. eka saMdhimAM keTalAM kaDavaka levAM ane samagra kAvyamAM keTalA saMdhi levA e graMthakAranI munasaphI upara ja AdhAra rAkhatuM hatuM. tulanA karIe to A saMdhikAvyo tulasIdAsanA avadhI bhASAnA 'rAmaciratamAnasa'ne maLatAM Ave. 'rAmaciratamAnasa' AvA ja prakArano uttara vikAsa che, jemAM copAIo e soLa mAtrAno mukhyatve 'caraNAkuLa' chaMda che (jUno 'paddhaDI' paNa 16 mAtrAno ja chaMda che) ane evI cArapAMca copAI pUrI thatAM barobara dhattA'nI jema doharo' Ave che. A prakAranAM jUnAM apabhraMza kAvyo geya prakAranAM hovAM saMbhavita lAgatAM nathI, paraMtu 'revaMtagirirAsu'ne joIe chIe tyAre enAM kaDavAM paddhaDI'nAM nathI ke dareka kaDavAne aMte koI dhattA' nathI. enuM paheluM kaDavuM 20 doharA'nuM, trIjuM 22 ardha'roLA'nuM, ane cothuM dareka ardhanA pahelA zabda pachI temaja pahelA ardhane aMte ne geyatApUraka sAcavatuM 20 'soraThA'nuM maLe che; bIjuM SaTpadI 10 kaDIonuM kaDavuM che, jemAM pahelAM be caraNa thoDI aniyamitatA batAve che, paraMtu Ama bAkInAM cAre caraNo sahita e 'kAminImohana' chaMdanAM samajAya che. rAsaka'ne abhipreta evA chaMda geya svarUpamAM A rAsa Ama Ape che. A prakAra have e paNa vastu batAve che ke 'rAsaka'nI sAthe eka viziSTa kAvyaprakAra paNa gUMthAI gayo che. geya nRttAtmaka uparUpakomAM umerA thatA rahyA che tevo eka umero AcArya hemacaMdre 'kAvyAnuzAsana'mAM umeryo che te 'rAvya 'no ahIM dhyAna doravuM ThIka thaI paDaze ke dhanaMjyanA darzarUpaka'nI saM. TIkAnA lekhaka, enA nAnA bhAI dhanike 'rUpakAMtaro'mAMnA eka tarIke 'kAvya'ne paNa gaNAvyuM che, je 'rAsaka'nI samAMtara ja samajAya che. AnAM mULa to khUba UMDe jAya che. 'uparUpako'nI vAta karatAM ja AcArya abhinavagupte prAcIna eka nATyazAstrakAra 'kAhala'no nAmollekha karI utArelI kArikAmAM 'kAvya'nI vyAkhyA ApI che. AmAM laya, rAgo, aneka raso ane ThIkaThIka cAle teTalI kathA paNa hoya che. eTale A 58

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 123 rAgakAvya' ja che. A uparUpaka ja che ane AcArya abhinavagupta Ane mATe rAgadarzanIya' zabda paNa prayoje che.pa9 emaNe rAdhavavinaya ane marIvavA vagere "rAgakAvyo' hovAnuM tyAM ja kahyuM che. zRMgAprakAzamAM dhArA-nareza bhojadeve baMne kAvyomAMthI uddharaNa lIdhAM che te 'AryA' chaMdanAM mahArASTrI prAkRtanAM che. A geya abhineya nRttakoTino uparUpaka-prakAra ja che, paraMtu dhArAnareza bhoja "kAvyanA viSayamAM vadhu UMDe paNa Utare che. e kAvya' ane citrakAvya' evA pAchA be bheda kare che. zAradAtAye bhAvaprakAzanamAM ene ja "rAsaka' mathALe ApI gUMcavADo Ubho karyo che. hakIkate to bhinnabhinna raso ane prasaMgonAM sthAnomAM bhinnabhinna rAgo ane tAlo prayojavAmAM AvatA hovAne kAraNe, kAvya mAtra eka rAganuM hoI, A citrakAvya aneka rAgovALuM eTalo bheda bhojane abhISTa lAge che. A vastu lakSyamAM rAkhIne ja Do. rAghavane "gItagoviMdane citrakAvya' uparUpaka kahyuM che. jayadeve abhinayanA hetuthI ja enI racanA karI hatI ane janazruti pramANe enI patnI padmAvatIe eno abhinaya paNa karyo hato. A ja prakAranAM "rAgakAvyo saMskRtamAM racAyAM paNa che. somanAthanI "kRSNagIti' Avo jayadevanA gItagoviMda' pachIno prayatna che. evo ja eka "gItagirIza' nAmano prabaMdha paNa jANavAmAM Avyo che. gujarAtI bhASAnI A prakAranI racanA keTaleka aMze narasiMha mahetAnI cAturIo'nI kahI zakAya. DaoN. rAghavane svataMtra rIte bIjI paNa A prakAranI moDenI saM. racanAono ullekha karyo che, jemAM te "zuddha prabaMdha' ane 'sUtraprabaMdha' evA be prakAra noMdhe che. A rIte vicAratAM apabhraMza bhASAmAM racAyelAM harivaMza' "mahApurANa' karakaMDucariya" "bhavismattakahA' vagere saMdhikAvyone paNa "rAgakAvya' nIce mUkI zakAya, paraMtu jyAre ApaNe "rAsa' zIrSaka nIce racAyelAM kAvya joIe chIe tyAre enI geyatAnA viSayamAM to zaMkA rahetI ja nathI. emAM mRttakSamatA vize ja zaMkA rahe. ApaNane vArasAmAM maLelA "bharatezvara-bAhubalirAsa' jevA rAsomAM nAnA-nAnA ekama jovA maLe che. "bha. bA. rAsamAM AvA ekamane "ThavaNa' (saM. sthApana) kahela che. keTalAka rAso ane phAguomAM "bhAsa' (saM. bhASa) nAma paNa maLe che, to revaMtagirirAsumAM "kaDavaka' zabda yojAyo che. A badhA ja ekamo koI ane koI rAgamAM gAvAmAM AvatA hatA, samUhanRttamAM, jyAre bhAlaNathI to jeno siddhavat AraMbha thaI cUkyo hato tevAM bhinnabhinna rAgomAM gavAtAM kaDavAbaddha AkhyAnomAM, pratyeka kaDavAne mathALe kartAne hAthe yA gAyaka ke lahiyAne hAthe koI ane koI rAga' noMdhavAmAM Avato ja hato. "rAsayuganA AraMbha samayamAM cheka orissAmAM racAyelA saMskRta 'gItagoviMda'mAM pratyeka prabaMdha' kiMvA "aSTapadI' upara "rAga' ane

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124 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 'tAla' paNa noMdhAyela che ja. saMskRta 'gItagoviMda' Ama "rAgakAvya ja che ane rAsa racanAo kathAtmaka che te badhI ja rAgakAvya' che, AkhyAnayugamAM kheDAyelAM AkhyAna paNa e rIte "rAgakAvya' ja che. paraMtu "rAsa' saMjJA dharAvatI ke " rAprakAramAM samAveza pAmatI badhI ja padyaracanAo "kathAtmaka' nathI. emAM Urmitattva paNa nathI hotuM, chatAM aneka jaina sAhityakArone hAthe vipula pramANamAM racanAo to thaI ja che, tethI AvI badhI ja racanAonuM pRthakkaraNa karavuM anivArya banI rahe che. rAsa-kRtionuM vargIkaraNa 'rAsa' mathALe racanAo 12mI sadInA "saMdezaka-rAsaka jevI uttamottama koTinI dUtakAvyAtmaka kRtithI laI cheka 19mI sadI sudhI vipulatAthI thayA ja karI che. bharatezvara-bAhubali-rAsa' jevI racanAo kAvyaguNayukta "rAkAvya' banI rahe che, paraMtu "buddhirAsa' jIvadayArAsa' "saptakSetrirAsu jevI racanAo kathAtattvane badale koI bIjuM ja vastu nirUpatI jovA maLe che. kAvyatattvarahita bIjA keTalAya sAhityaprakAronI jema A racanAo paNa koI ane koI prakAranuM sAhitya to che ja eTale vargIkaraNa mAgI le che. barAsa' ane 'kAvyano viSaya eka nathI: eka Urmimaya gIta che, to bIjuM kathAtmaka gIta che. ApaNane saMskRta gItagoviMdAne bhulAvI de tevI racanAo maLI nathI, tethI je koI prakara kheDAyo hoya temAMthI ApaNe A vargIkaraNa meLavavAnuM rahe che. A rIte prANarUpa prakAra te kathAtmaka che. AmAM mukhya be prakAra pADI zakAya che te (1) dhArmika kathAtmaka ane (2) caritakathAtmaka, dhArmika kathAtmakamAM koI eka ja pAtra "nAyaka-pade nathI hotuM; bharatezvara-bAhubalirAsa' lagabhaga A vargamAM samAveza pAmI rahe che, jyAre namirAsa' jevAM prAcIna dharmapuruSonAM carita ke "samarArAsa' jevAM tatkAlIna dharmaparuSanAM carita e bIjA vargamAM samAveza pAmI rahe che. A pAchalA vargamAM moTAbhAganAM phAgu' kAvyono paNa samAveza thaI jAya che, Ama chatAM lalita kAvyano eka svataMtra vibhAga gaNIne ene judo rAkhavAmAM Avyo che, jyAre vivAhalAone A caritakathAomAM ja samAvavA paDe. "saMdezaka-rAsaka' jevA dUtakAvyano paNa A caritakathAmAM ja samAveza karavo ucita thaI paDe che, bhale e mAtra kAlpanika hoya. eTale "caritakathAtmaka'nA laukika, paurANika ane aitihAsika evA spaSTa traNa peTAprakAra sAMpaDaze. laukika' e kAlpanika saMdezaka-rAsaka' jevAM, paurANika e neminAtha sthUlibhadra jabUsvAmI gautama jevAM prAcIna dharmapuruSonAM carita sAcavatAM, ane aitihAsikamAM chellAM hajAra varSomAM vyaktivizeSane kendramAM rAkhI nirUpAyelAM

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rAsa ane phagu sAhitya 125 carito kahI zakAya. "samarorAsu pethaDarAsu "vastupAla-tejapAlarAsa' vIsaladevarAso" "pRthurAjarAso' khumANarAso' vagere jevI racanAone A varga maLe. paraMtu ATalethI patatuM nathI; "revaMtagirirAsu ke "kachUlIrAsa' ke giranAra-zatruMjaya vagere tIrthone keMdramAM rAkhIne nirUpAtA rAsa potAno eka Agavo varga sthApI rahe che. A prakAranA rAsomAM kavitAtattva paNa upasAvavAno kartAno prayatna hoya che. ApaNe 'upadezarasAyana' ke "carcarIne "rAsamAM svIkArIe tema buddhirAsa' 'jIvadayArAsa' vagere upadezamUlaka rAsone laIe to ene upadezAtmaka yA "bodhAtmaka' racanAo kahevI joIe. AgaLa vadhI jaina sAhityakAroe 'tAttvika stutyAtmaka pratibhapratiSThA pUjAtmaka' jevI racanAo paNa pramANamAM ApI che. Ama rAsakRtionA vargIkaraNano nIce mujabano vistAra sahaja rIte AvI maLe che : rAsa kathAtmaka tIrthAtmaka upadezAtmaka prakIrNa dhArmikakathAtmaka caritAtmaka laukika paurANika aitihAsika tAttvika stutyAtmaka pratimApratiSTha pUjAtmaka narasiMha mahetAnI pUrvenA A rAsayugamAM nIcenI racanAo te te vibhAgamAM meLavI zakAya che : rAsalekhako ane emanI rAsaracanAo uttara gaurjara apabhraMza kiMvA 'rAsayugano moTA bhAgano samaya evo che ke jemAM gaurjara apabhraMzanI vikasita uttarakAlIna bhUmikA uttarottara vikAsa sAdhe jatI hatI. hakIkate to gujarAtI, mAravADI-mevADI, mevAtI-ahIravaTI, TUMDhALI-hADautI ane mALavI-nimADI bhASAonAM madhyakAlIna rUpa jemAMthI nIkaLI AvyAM te A ja bhUmikA. "rAsayuganA aMtabhAgamAM AvatAM e madhyakAlIna rUpo prAMtIyatAmAM sarI jAya che ane ApaNane gUrjara bhAkhA' kivA madhyakAlIna gujarAtI, "maru bhAkhA' kiMvA madhyakAlIna mAravADI, ane TUMDhALI kiMvA madhyakAlIna jayapurI vagere

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126 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 bhASAonI e madhyakAlIna bhUmikAo sAcavatI saMkhyAbaMdha racanAo hastalikhita svarUpamAM vipula pramANamAM prApta thAya che. vikAsanI dRSTie jotAM "saMdezaka-rAsaka'nI bhASAbhUmikA vikAsanA sopAna upara pagalAM mAMDatI lAge che. A vikAsanAM bIja AcArya hemacaMdra ApelA apabhraMza doharAomAM spaSTa svarUpamAM jovA maLe che; tethI ja samayanI dRSTie AcArya hemacaMdrano samaya ane "saMdezaka-rAkanA kartA abdura rahemAnano samaya eka hoya to emAM Azcarya nahi hoya. mulatAnathI laI mAravADa dvArA khaMbhAta sudhIno vyavahAramArga sArI rIte sthApita svarUpamAM hovAnuM A rAsanI vigatothI kahI zakAya ema che. A samagra pradezanI vyavahArabhASA paNa samAna hovAnI eTalI ja zakyatA che ane e "gaurjara apabhraMza." pATaNanA eka samartha kavi jainAcArya haribhadrasUrie pATaNamAM ja rahIne neminAhacariu' nAmaka vizALa saMdhikAvya caulukyarAja kumArapALanA samayamAM I.1159nA kArtika mAsamAM racyuM hatuM, jenI bhASA gaurjara apabhraMzanuM ja sAhityika rUpa hovAnA viSayamAM have vidvAnomAM matabheda rahyo nathI.65 "saMdezaka-rAsaka' (abdura rahemAna) paNa A prakAranuM bhASAsvarUpa sAcavI rAkhe che, jemAM uttarakAlIna vikAsanAM eMdhANa bahu spaSTa svarUpamAM jovA maLe che. A rAsanA kartAne khaMbhAtanI jAhojalAlIno pratyakSa paNa anubhava hovAnI ochI zakyatA nathI; e kadAca potAnA pazcima dezamAMthI khaMbhAta AvIne rahyo hoya, jyAM e saMskRta-prAkRta-apabhraMza bhASAomAM nipuNa banyo hoya, gItaviSayaka prAkRta kAvyonI racanAmAM nipuNatA meLavavA zaktimAna banyo hoya. khaMbhAta ane bharUca vacce naSTa thaI cUkelA cemUranagaramAM muslima vastI hovAnuM jANavAmAM AvyuM che, tyAM eno pUrvaja AvI vasyA pachI abda rahemAna khaMbhAtamAM vasyo hoya. e mulatAna ane sAmoranagarane jANe che; e pazcima mAravADanA 'vijayagara' (vikramapura)ne paNa jANe che ane khaMbhAta"ne jANe che. A vaccenA mArgonI surakSitatA jotAM e evA samayamAM thayo lAge che ke je samaye A pradezamAMthI pasAra thavuM sAmAnyataH saraLa hatuM. A samaya caulukyarAja siddharAja ane kumArapALano kahI zakAya. enA kAvyanI svAbhAvikatA temaja prauDhi ane vizeSamAM to maulikatA, pazcima dizAmAM AvelA pleccha dezanA mULa vatanI, vaNakarano dhaMdho karanArA mIraseNamIrahuzena)nA putra A abdura rahemAnane pazcima bhAratanA kaviomAM - khAsa karIne bhASAkaviomAM - ucca prakAranuM sthAna apAvavAnuM baLa Ape che. bhASAo, chaMdo ane rasa-alaMkAro uparano kAbU ucca prakArano che. enI A 'uttara gaurjara apabhraMza'nA AraMbhanI racanAmAM e mahArASTrI prAkRtanAM paNa padho atratatra Ape che ane e paNa kAvyatattvathI sabhara. ane A rAsaka-kAvya "dUtakAvya' hovA uparAMta "RtukAvya' paNa che. Ama beu prakAra

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rasa ane phagu sAhitya 127 eNe sAMkaLI lIdhA che. kAvyanuM vastu to taddana nAnuM che. vijayanagara (TIkAkAra jene vikramapura' kahe che te)no rahIza koI yuvaka dhaMdhA-arthe khaMbhAta jaIne rahelo che. enI priyA patinA lAMbA samayanA paradezavAsathI jhUre che. sAmora (mUtratyAhu = saM. mULasthAna = mulatAna ane A eka lAge che, tyAM)no eka pathika koI khAsa kAme saMdezo laIne khaMbhAta jAya che; e vijayanagaramAMthI pasAra thatAM pelI yuvatinA nivAsanI najIka nIkaLe che tenA upara yuvatinI dRSTi paDatAM ene rokI bhALa pUche che. pelo pathika khaMbhAta tarapha ja jAya che e jANI lAMbo samaya thatAM khaMbhAtamAM rokAyelA potAnA priyane uddezI saMdezo laI javA vinaMtI kare che jemAM yuvati potAnA virahanI vyathA vistArathI vyakta kare che. pelo musAphara saMdezo laIne najara bahAra thAya che tyAM ja lAMbe samaye Avato priya najare paDe che ane Ama vipralaMbha zRMgAranI avasthAmAMthI saMbhoga zRMgAranI avasthA mUrta thatAM kAvya pUruM thAya che. A nAnA vastunI pAchaLa kavie svapratibhAbaLe eka tejasvI kAvya racI ApyuM che. pahelA "prakama'nI 23 kaDI mAtra prAstAvika che; bIjA prakamamAM 24mI kaDIthI kathAtaMtuno vikAsa AraMbhAya che : "vijayanagaramAMnI koI eka uttama ramaNI, UMcAM sthira stanovALI, bhramarI jevI kaTivALI, haMsagati, dInamukhavALI, lAMbo AMsuno pravAha vahAvatI, priyatamanI rAha joI rahI che. kanakAMgI e lalanAnuM zarIra virahAgnithI zayAma paDI gayuM che; jANe ke pUrNa caMdrane rAhue prasyo na hoya! AMkha popaTA thaI gaI che; duHkhathI pIDAyelI raDI rahI che; eno aMboDo paNa jANe ke hAMphI rahyo che, ane aMgo maraDAI rahyAM che. virahAnalathI tapI UThelI te lAMbA nisAsA nAkhe che; bAvaDAM toDI rahI che. A pramANe jyAre mugdhA vilApa karI rahI hatI tyAre, page cAlavAthI zrama anubhavato (ane tethI) aDadhopaDadho kheda anubhavato tyAMthI pasAra thato pathika jovAmAM Avyo."8 pathikane bolAvI e kyAMthI Ave che ane kyAM javAno che evuM yuvatie pUchyuM tyAre pathike potAnA vatana sAmoranagaranuM AlaMkArika varNana ApyuM te varNana kavitvapUrNa che. nagaranAM vividha udyAnono khyAla ApatAM pathika vanaspationI mAtra nAmamAlA ja kahI batAve che. A paddhati pachIthI paNa pracalita thaI ane hakIkate zuSka prakAranI ja banI rahI. sAmoramAM "sUryatIrtha" hatuM ane A nagaranuM ja bIjuM nAma mUThThANu (saM. mUtrarasthAne guja. mulatAna) hatuM, e aitihAsika daSTie mahattvanuM che. potAne patravAhaka tarIke khaMbhAta javA potAnA svAmIe ravAnA karyo che evI pathikanI vAta sAMbhaLatAM yuvatine khUba ja duHkha thayuM. e pahelAM ja pathikanA varNanamAM uddIpaka sAmagrI to nirUpAI hatI ja. yuvatie javA utAvaLa karatA pathikane potAnA priya taraphano saMdezo ApatAM bhinnabhinna chaMdomAM

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128 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 potAnA vipralaMbhanuM svarUpa ucca prakAranI kavitAmAM nirUpyuM. enAthI pathikane lAgaNI thaI ane eno saMdezo sAMbhaLavA taiyArI batAvI tyAre yuvatie eka pachI eka chaye RtuomAM pote kevI jhUrI rahI hatI eno rasika bAnImAM khyAla Apyo che. priyane vidAya ApI te ja vakhate potAnuM sukha paNa enI sAthe vidAya laI gayuM ane - taha aNAI raNaraNI asuhu asahaMtiyahaM, dussahu malayasamIraNa mayaNAkaMtimahaM ! visama jhAla jhalakata jayaMtiya tivayara, mahiyali vasatiNa dahaNa tavaMti ya taraNikara ||. 131 30 kAmadevathI pIDAyelI evI mane kyAMya nirAMta nathI, ane bhAre duHkha sahana karatI evI mane dakSiNano grISma Rtuno zItala pavana sahya thato nathI. sUryanAM kiraNa vananA ghAsane saLagAvI mUkatAM viSama havAlAthI jhALajhALa thatAM tapI rahyAM che.] saMdezo laIne pathika gharathI dUra thAya che ane bhAre nirAzAmAM yuvati gharamAM vaLe che tyAM ja dakSiNa dizA bAjuethI AvatA pati upara enI najara paDe che ane tarata ja AnaMdaAnaMda thaI rahe che. Ama kAvya sukhAMta banI rahe che. kavi paNa bharatavAkya' jevI chaTAthI chellI kaDI mUke che : jema aciMtika kak tasu siddha khaNaddhi mahaMtu ! tema paDhatA sugaMtaha, jayaI aNAI AraMtu 223 03 [kSaNArdhamAM jema enuM mahAna kArya aNaciMtavyuM siddha thaI cUkyuM te pramANe A kAvyano pATha karanArA ane sAMbhaLanArAnAM kArya siddha thAo - anAdi anaMta paratattvano vijaya thAo.] kavi AraMbhamAM paNa prAkRta bhASAmAM maMgala karatAM "sAgara-pRthvI-parvato-vRkSo temaja AkAzamAM nakSatro jeNe sarajyAM che te kalyANa karo' evI nirapekSa bhAvanA seve che. Ama e koI viziSTa deva-devI avatAranuM maMgala karato nathI temaja aMte paNa evuM viziSTa ISTa rajU karato nathI tethI ja e muslima che ema kahI zakAya ema che. saMdezaka-rAsakakAra muslima nathI evuM batAvavAno prayatna paNa thayo che, paNa e tarkaniSTha nathI ja.04 'uttara gaurjara apabhraMza' kivA 'rAsayuganA samayamAM A eka ja evo sabaLa prayatna che, jemAM bhArobhAra kAvyatattva bhareluM che; vipralaMbha zRMgAra enI ucca mAtrAe vyakta thayo che. A prakAranI utkaTa pratibhA keTalAka phAguomAM ane pachI narasiMha

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 129 mahetAnI cAturIomAM jovA maLe che; rAsayuganA rAsomAM ApaNane AvI utkaTa pratibhAnAM darzana thavAnAM nathI. samaya cokkasa nathI ja, chatAM AcArya hemacaMdranA uttara samayamAM racAyelI eka nAnI kRti "bharatezvara-bAhubali-ghora' nAmanI jANavAmAM AvI che. A 48 kaDIonI nAnI racanA vajasenasUrinI che, jemaNe guru tarIke devasUrinuM nAma sUcavyuM che.75 A devasUri te AcArya hemacaMdranA samakAlIna suprasiddha jainAcArya vAdidevasUri, jemane digaMbara vidvAna "kumudacaMdra' sAthe vivAda thayelo ane vijaya maLelo. A vAdidevasUrinuM potAnA guru municaMdrasUri (avasAna I.1122)nuM stavana' tatkAlIna lokabhASAmAM racyuM maLe che. (vikasatA AvatA uttara gaurjara apabhraMzamAM). emano samaya (I.1058-1170) che. emanA eka ziSya mahezvarasUrie pAkSika saptatinI suprabodhinI vRtti lakhelI temAM gurubhAI vajasenagaNie sahAya karelI. A vajasene 'triSaSTi-sAprabaMdha'nI racanA karI hatI. gurunI hayAtImAM A kRti racAI hoya to samaya I. 1169 e moDAmAM moDo AvI zake; to A kRti A prakAranI pahelI ja prApya racanA kahI zakAya. A racanA geya dezIomAM pakaDAya che. kaDI 1-10 copAInAM be caraNa ane doharAnuM viSama pada - Ama doDhiyuM mApa che; kaDI 11-18 cokhkhI soraThAnA mApamAM che; 19-26 roLAnAM aDadhiyAM che; kaDI 27-48 cokhkhA soraThA che. Ama kRti cAra khaMDamAM che, joke "bhAsa' "ThavaNi' ke kaDavaka' jevA zabda emAM sUcita thayA nathI. koI paNa jAtanA viziSTa kAvyatattva vinAnI A racanA RSabhadevanA moTA putra bharata ane bIjA putra bAhubali vaccenA yuddha-prasaMganA vastu upara racAyelI che. RSabhadeve potAnI gAdI moTA kumAra bharatane soMpI, bIjA kumArone paNa te te pradezanAM rAjya soMpI saMyamavrata lIdhuM. rAjA bharatane cakravartI thavAnuM hatuM eTale AyudhazAlAmAMthI cakra nIkaLyuM ane bhArate digvajaya karyo, paNa cakra AyudhazAlAmAM praveza karyo nahi. tapAsa karatAM mAlUma paDyuM ke bharatanA 99 bhAIoe hajI bhAratanI ANa svIkArI nathI. e uparathI kaheNa mokalatAM bAhubali sivAyanA 98 bhAI to tAbe thaI gayA, paraMtu bAhubalie ANa na svIkArI. bharata ane bAhubali vacce ghora yuddha macyuM, jemAM bhAre mAnavahAni thaI, eTale baMnee TUMkuM yuddha khelavAno nizcaya karyo. A yuddhamAM bharatanI hAra thaI, bAhubalie cakrane kabaje karI lIdhuM; paraMtu e pachI bAhubalie paMcamuSTithI kezalucana karyuM, pravrajyA lIdhI. bharata ene page paDyo ane kSamA mAgI. bharate jyAre potAnA parAjayanuM kAraNa pitAne pUchyuM tyAre emaNe e pUrvakarmanuM pariNAma hovAnuM kahyuM. thoDI camaka bharatezvaranuM sainya bAhubali tarapha AgaLa vadhe che tyAM jovA

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130 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 maLe che : kovAnala-pajyuliu tAva bharaphesaru jaMpaI | re re diyahu piyANa ThAka jimu mahiyala kaMpaI ||ravA gulagulaMta cAliyA hAthi nai girivara jaMgama | hiMsAravi pahiriya diyaMta halliya taraMgama ||rA dhara DolaI khalabhalaI tenuM diNiyaruM chAIjjaI | bharaphesaru cAliyau kaTaki kasu Upama dIjaI ra rA 9 [kopAlathI saLagI UThelo bharatezvara tyAre kahe che : dharaNI dhrUjI UThe te pramANe lazkaranuM prayANa karo. e vakhate gaDagaDATa karatA hAthIo, jANe ke jaMgama parvato na hoya tema, cAlavA lAgyA. haNahaNATI karatA ghoDA AgaLa vadhavA lAgyA. dharA dhrujI UThe che, tenA khaLabhaLI UThI che - enI rajathI sUrya DhaMkAI gayo che. lazkara laI bharatezvara cAlyo. enI zI upamA ApIe?]. baMnenI athaDAmaNa vakhate kartA eka dvipadI mUke che : ati cAvile pADare hoi, ati tANiu tUTaI | ati mathiyuM hoi kAlakUTa, ati bhariye phUTaI 24aa 08 aityaMta cAveluM loco thaI jAya che, atyaMta tANavAmAM AveluM tUTI paDe che, khUba mathavAmAM Ave to jhera thaI jAya che ane khUba bharavAmAM Ave to vAsaNa phUTI jAya che.) A racanAne ghora zA mATe kahelI che e samajAtuM nathI, A graMthamAM kaze eno nirdeza nathI, to e "rAsa' hovAno paNa nirdeza nathI, mAtra varNanAtmaka kathA hoI ene "rAsa' pAchaLathI gaNI levAmAM Avyo lAge che. "rAsaha chaMdihiM apAyelI racanA to I. 118pamAM racAyelI prApta thatI vIrarasapUrNa "bharatesara-bAhubalirAsa' nAmanI vistRta racanA che. kAvyAMte jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che te pramANe A rAsanA kartA rAgacchanA vajasenasUrinA ziSya zAlibhadrasUri hatA. e potAnI racanAnuM nAma "bharatesaracaritra' ja kahe che. enA chaMdonI geyatAnI tAsIra jotAM temaja emAM AvatuM sarasvatI dhaDane jotAM geya rAsakRti' tarIke kathAtmaka svarUpano rAsa banI rahe che. "bharatesara-bAhubali ghora'mAM 4 khaMDa paDatA hatA, paraMtu A vistRta kAvya 15 khaMDomAM vibhakta thAya che. 21 A khaMDone kevaLa nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che. vaparAyelA chaMdonI tAravaNI A pramANe che. : ThavaNionA sAMdhAmAM "vastu' chaMda che (kaDI 16-17, 77-78, 95, 104, 118-119, 137

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* rAsa ane lagu sAhitya 131 138); bAkI e sivAya - ivaNi 1 : 16+16+13 (be pada caraNAkuLanAM +1 viSama pada doharAnuM) -nI doDhInI 15 kaDI ThavaNi 2 : doharAnI dezI kaDI 19-42 ( pratyeka ardhane aMte pAdapUraka) ThavaNi 3 : 15 soraThAnI dezI 43-76 (pratayeka ardhane aMte 1 pAdapUraka) ane 190-203 (pratyeka ardhamAM prathama zabda pachI pa pAdapUraka) ThavaNi 4,5,6,7,8,9,10,14 : caraNAkuLa ane copAInA mizraNavALI geya dezI jemAM ivaNi 4,5,6,8,10mAM pahelI kaDI dhuvAnI, 7 ane 14mAM dhruvA' nahi. (kaDIo anukrame, 79-84, 85-89, 994, 96-98,99-103, 105107, 108-117, 153-189) ThavaNi 11,12 : roLAnI dezI (kaDIo 12136, 13-143) ThavaNi 13 : "sarasvatI dhaula'; (AmAM 144-152 e nava kaDIo dhaula, truTaka, dhaula, truTaka, evA krame che. AmAMnuM dhaula e copAI + doharAnA samacaraNa jevuM che, jyAre "tUTakamAM be ardha 11-11 mAtrAnAM doharAnAM samapada jevAM cAra ane enA pachI harigItachaMda (28 mAtrAnA)nAM cAra caraNa che. prathama "dhaula'nA cothA pAdano uttarArdha tUTakanA AraMbhamAM Avartita thayA pachI truTaka'nuM peluM doharAnA samapada jevuM pada harigItanA AraMbhamAM Avartita thAya che e khAsa nRttanI daSTie dhyAna kheMce che. tAla ane rAha Ama tyAMtyAM badalAto spaSTa anubhavAya. ThavaNio bhinnabhinna rAgomAM gavAtI haze e AvAM AvAM kAraNothI spaSTa thAya che. "saMdezaka-rAsakamAM, muslima kartAnI racanA chatAM, eka paNa arabI zabda maLato nathI, jyAre "bha. bA. rAsamAM "sAbANa'(taMbu) e spaSTa rIte arabI zabda che, jyAre joSima' (uccAraNa jokhima' zabda jokhama') Ama eka arabI ane bIjo ajJAta mULano dezya zabda vaparAyela maLe che. A kAvyanuM vastu vajasenasUrinA "bharatezvarabAhubalighora' mujabanuM ja che, paNa A vistRta padyagraMtha che je emAMnA keTalAka aMzothI kAvya banI rahe che. khAsa karIne bhArata ane bAhubali vaccenA yuddhaprasaMgamAM kavi vIrarasane khaDo karavAmAM ekaMdare saphaLatA meLave che. prathama pitA RSabhadevane namana karavA bharatezvara sAbado thAya che te prasaMgathI vIranA sthAyI bhAva utsAhano paricaya thAya che : calIya vayavara calIya vayavara gaDIya gajjata | hUMpattI rosabhari, hiNahimaMta haya thaTTa hallIya | rahabhavabhari TalavalIya meru, sesu maNi mauDa khillIya | siluM marudevihiM saMcarIya. kuMjari caDila nariMda |

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132 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 samosaraNa suravira sahiya paDhama jiNaMda // 165 4 [hAthI cAlavA lAge che. nizAna gAje che. rAyanA hRdayamAM ahaM jAge che. haNahaNatA ghoDA e samaye cAlI rahyA che. rathanA bhaya ane bhArathI meruparvata khaLabhaLI UThe che. zeSanA mastaka uparano maNi jhabakAro mArI rahyo che. rANI marudevIne sAthe rAkhI rAjA hAthI upara savArI karIne jAya che. pitAnA samosaraNa vakhate suravaronI sAthe rahI prathama tIrthaMkarane namana kare che.] AyudhazALAmAM nIkaLelA 'cakraratna' sAthe rAjAnI vijaya-savArI nIkaLe che te vakhatanuM senAnuM prayANa (kaDI 18-42) alaMkArasamRddhino paNa sAthosAtha sAro khyAla Ape che : prahi Ugami pUravadisihiM pahilauM cAlIya cakka tu / dhRjIya dharayala tharahara e, calIya kulAcala cakka tu // 18 // pUThi pIyANuM tau dIyae bhUyavali bharaha niraMda tu / piDi paMcAyaNa paradalahuM, iliyali avara suriMda tu // 19 // ...gaDayaDaMtu gayava2 guDIya, jaMgama jima girizRMga tu / suMDAdaMDa cira cAlavaU, velai aMgihi aMga tu || 21|| gaMjai phiri phiri girirasahira, bhaMjai taruara DAli tu / akasa-si AvaU nahIMya, kaIM apAra aNAli // 22 // hIsad hasamisa haNahaNae e, taravara tAra toSAra tu khUMdauM khuralad kheDavIya, ma-na mAnai asavAra tu // 23 // * ...dhaDahaDaMta dhara dramadamIya, raha rUMdhaIM rahavATa tu | rava-bhari maNaiM na giri-gahaNa, thira thobhad raha-thATa tuM // 26 // * camara-ciMdha dhaja lahalaha e... ||2|| daDavaDaMta daha disi dusaha e, pasarIya pAyaka-cakka tu / aMgoaMgii AMgamaiM arIyaNi aNi atyaMta ||285 pUrva dizAmAM paho-phATI - aruNodaya thayo ke tarata ja cakra AgaLa thayuM. e vakhate dharAtala tharathara kaMpI rahyuM che, kulaparvatono samUha hAlI UThyo che. enI pAchaLa potAnA bAhubalanA jora upara bharatezvara rAjA prayANa Adare che. zatrusenAnA siMhone e pIDA karI rahyo che. jANe ke pRthvInA tala upara e bIjo iMdra na hoya!... jaMgama giri-zikhara jevA hAthI uparanAM

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 133 DaMkA-nizAna vAgI rahyAM che, hAthI sUMDha Ama tema lAMbA samaya sudhI pheravyA ja kare che. ane ekabIjA aMgathI aMgakrIDA sAthe che. vAraMvAra girinAM zikharone thakavI de che. moTAMmoTAM vRkSonI DALIono bhukko uDAvI nAkhe che. e hAthI aMkuzane tAbe thato nathI; khUba ja tophAna kare che. taravaratA capaLa ghoDA heArava kare che ne haNahaNe che. DAbalAthI thAMbhalA ukheDI nAkhe che ane asavAranA kAbUmAM rahetA nathI.. ratha pasAra thAya che tyAre dhaDadhaDATathI dharA dhaNadhaNI UThe che ratho rathanA mArgane rUMdhI nAkhe che. 2thono samUha jyAre sthira thaIne Ubho hoya che tyAre parvatonAM vanonI paNa paravA karato nathI. camarInI cihnavALI dhajA pharakI rahI che.... dase dizAmAM AgaLa vadhatuM duHsaha pAyadaLanuM cakra daDadaDATa sarvatra phelAI jAya che. zatruone vajrarUpa banatuM e sainya ekabIjA sAthe aMgeaMga milAvatuM jAya che..... - Ama uttarottara kavitA vadhu ane vadhu vega letI jAya che. pRthvItala upara vijaya to meLavyo, paraMtu cakra pAchuM AyudhazAlAmAM praveza karatuM nathI. enuM kAraNa jANavA mAgatAM maMtrI, bharatezvarane, eno nAno bhAI bAhubali ANa svIkArato nathI evA samAcAra Ape che. enAthI bharatezvarane krodha caDe che, chatAM prathama dUtane ANa svIkAravAnuM kaheNa kahevA ravAnA kare che. pelo dUta bAhubali pAse jAya che tyAre bAhubali bharatezvara temaja bIjA sAmaMtonuM kSema kuzaLa pUche che. A rIte kavie rAjArAjA vaccenA vyavahArano paNa kuzaLatAthI khyAla Apyo che. dUta bharatezvaranAM parAkramono AlaMkArika bhASAmAM khyAla ApI namavAnuM kahe che. rAjA bAhubali e kaheNano asvIkAra kare che. dUta pAcho Ave che. senAnI sajjatAne lagatI 11mI Ni vI22sano eka accho namUno pUro pADe che, jemAM upamA-utprekSAdi alaMkAro vizeSa cArutA arpe che. dUtane pharI mokalavAmAM Ave che, paNa bAhubali koThuM Apato nathI eTale pachI bharatezvara sainya laI bAhubalinA pradeza upara caDI jAya che. pahelA divasanA yuddhavirAma pachI bIjA divasanA yuddhanuM varNana kavie 13mI vaNinA rUpamAM viM sarasvatI ghaData thI zarU karyuM che. rasa ane alaMkAranI samRddhi ahIM paNa spaSTa rIte anubhavAya che : hinaM sarasvati dhaula tau tihaM bIjae diNi suvihANi uThIha ukaji analavego / saDavaDa samahare varasae bANi chayalasuta chalIyae chAvaDu e arIyaNa aMgamai aMgoaMgi, rAuto rAmati Ni ramaiM e laDasaDa lADau caDIya cauraMga, ariSaNi sayaMvara varai e // 144||

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134 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 tUTaka vara varadaM sayaMvara vIra, AreNi sAhasa dhIrA maMDalIya miliyA jAna, haya hIMsa maMgala gAnA haya hIMsa maMgala gAni gAjIya, gamana giriguha gumagumaUA. dhamadhamIya dharayala, sasIya na sakaI sesa, kulagiri kamakamA sAmaMta samahari samu na lahaI maMDalIka na maMDae 14pa1 bIje divase vahelI savAre ja agnino vega bhabhUkI UThyo. yuddhabhUmi upara bANo saDasaDa karatAM varasI rahyAM che. chelachabIlA ekabIjAne thApa ApavAno prayatna karI rahyA che. zatruo ekabIjAnI sAthe aMgeaMga bhiDAvI rahyA che. rAjaputro raNamAM yuddhakhela khelI rahyA che. vIra lADAo caturaMga senAmAM AgaLa vadhI rahyA che. vanadevIo svayaMvaramAM varI rahI che. mAMDalikonI banelI jAna maLI rahI che. ghoDAonA haNahaNATa e tyAM gItarUpe che. ghoDAonA haNahaNATarUpI maMgala gItothI AkAza ane parvatonI guphAomAM paDaghA paDe che, dharA dhamadhamI UThI che. zeSanAga zvAsa laI zakato nathI; kulaparvato dhrUjI UThyA che. dhIra vIra yoddhAo dhasamasatA doDI rahyA che ane kApAkApI karI mUkI che. yuddhamAM sAmaMtone jarAjeTalI navarAza nathI. mAMDalikone zaNagAranoya samaya nathI.] AvAM cAra Avartano bAda eka dhavala ApI A ivaNi pUrI thAya che, tyAM sudhImAM viziSTa yoddhAonAM yuddha nirUpAya che. 14mI ivaNi evA yuddha bAda baMne bhAIonuM yuddhanuM sUcaka varNana Ape che, jemAM bharatezvarano parAbhava batAvAyo che. bAhubali potAnA vijayathI, 15mI ivaNimAM, moTAbhAIne pote avicArI avivekI thaI harAvyAnuM duHkha kare che ane aMte e pravrayA le che. A rAsakAvya saMdezaka-rAsakathI judo ja prakAra ApI bhaviSyanAM AkhyAnakAvyonI mAMgaNI karI Ape che. kavitAnI dRSTie paNa rAsayuganA samagra rAsasAhityamAM gaNya koTino eka viziSTa prayoga e sAdara kare che. bhASAnI dRSTie pachIthI DiMgaLanA prANabhUta banelA akAraNa vyaMjanaddhitvanAM udAharaNa paNa sAcave che ane e rIte DiMgaLanI kRtrima bhASAnI mAMDaNInAM bIja paNa nAkhI Ape che. A ja kavinI racanA tarIke svIkArI zakAya tevo buddhiAsa' cAra ivaNino maLI Avyo che, temAM pahelI ivaNinA AraMbhe eka dhuvAnI kaDI ane pachI cauda caraNAkulanI kaDIo che; bIjI vaNi dareka ardhane aMte sAmAnya rIte pAdapUraka dharAvatA (15-23) nava soraThA che. trIjI ThavaNi be pada caraNAkulanAM + eka doharAnuM viSamapada prakAranI doDhInI (24-25) bAvIsI kaDIo; cothI vaNi (46-63)

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 135 aDhAra geya doharAnI che. A prakAranA AkArathI A rAsa geya che. bAkI viSayanI dRSTie zrAvakoe pALavAnA vividha AcArono emAM upadezamAtra che. kavi pratijJA kare che ke - kaI bola ji lokaprasiddhA, guru-viesaI keI liddhA. te upadeza suNau savi rUDA, kuNaI Ala ma devo kUDA ||3|| jANau dharama, ma jIva viNAsu, aNajANiI dharI ma karisi vAsu corIkAru caDai aNalIdhI, vastu su kimaI ma lesi adIdhI |4|| pari ghari goThi kimaI ma jAisi, kUDaG Alu tuM ahiyAM pAmisiA je ghari huI ekalI nAri, kimaI ma jAIsi teha gharabAri pALa [koIkoI bola lokamAM prasiddha che, keTalAka gurunA upadezathI meLavyA che to badhA rUDo upadeza sAMbhaLo. koInA upara kUDAM ALa caDAvazo nahi, dharma jANo. jIvono vinAza na karo. ajANyA gharamAM vAsa karazo nahi; na lIdhI hoya enI corInuM ALa paNa caDe; mATe koIe dIdhI na hoya tevI vastu lezo nahi. pArake ghera vAtacIta mATe koI rIte javuM nahi; (jaIza to) kharAba ALa tAre moDhA upara sAMbhaLavAM paDaze. je gharamAM ekalI strI hoya te gharamAM tuM koIpaNa rIte jaIza nahi. zrAvakone uddezI kahelI hovA chatAM sarvasAmAnya janatAne paNa eTalI ja upayogI zikhAmaNo A padyagraMthamAMthI maLI zakaze. A rAsanI pUrva cheka I. 1115mAM jinadattasUrinI 'upadezarasAyana' racanA apabhraMzamAM racAyelI te barAsa' kahevAI che tevI ja rIte A kRtine tatkAlIna vikasatI AvatI bhASAmAM racAyelI "rAsa' racanA gaNavAnI che. koI "Asiga' ke "Asaga' nAmanA jaina rAsalekhakanA be rAsa jANavAmAM AvyA che : "jIvadayArAsa' ane "caMdanabAlArAsa'. AmAMnA pahelA rAsane aMte kartAe A rAsa kyAM kyAre racyo eno nirdeza karyo che : saMvata bAraha saMya sattAvannaI vikkamakAli gayaI paDiyuMnA AsohaM siya sattamihi halyohatyei jiNa nikhAyA saMtasUripayabharacariyuM rayI rAsu bhaviyAM maNa-mohaNuM //parA (vikramanA gata varSa 125thai. 1281)mAM Aso sudi sAtamane divase eka hAthe (jhaDapathI) zAMtisUrinAM caraNomAM rahIne bhavya janonAM manane moha karanArA A rAsanI pote racanA karI). 53 kaDInA A padyagraMthamAM bIjIthI pa3mI sudhInI kaDIomAM pahelAM be caraNa caraNAkulanAM prAsavALAM che, jyAre bAkInAM babbe aDadhiyAM ane pahelI

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136 - gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 kaDInAM beu aDadhiyAM doharAnA viSamapAda + caraNAkulanA caraNa(13+16)nAM, aDadhiyAMne aMte beu aDadhiyAMnA prAsa maLe ema apAyAM che. A racanA jarUra geya prakAranI che, paraMtu dareka kaDIe caraNAkulanAM prathamanAM beu caraNa dhruvAnuM kAma sAratAM hoya ane pachInAM be aDadhiyAMne aMte beu aDadhiyAM tAla palaTe gavAtAM hoya. AvI chaMdoracanA A pUrve hajI jovAmAM AvI nathI. kAvyanI dRSTie AmAM kazuM ja nathI. naryo upadeza jovA maLe che, jemAM bhinnabhinna prakAranI mAnava-prakRti ane bhinnabhinna prakAranAM sArAMmAThAM phaLono khyAla maLe che. e aMge balirAjA, bAhubali, harizcaMdra rAjA, dazaratha, lakSmaNa, rAma, rAvaNa, bharatezvara, mAMdhAtA, nala, sAgara, kaurava-pAMDavo, kRSNa vagere sau gayA, e batAvI tIrthaMkaronI ArAdhanA karavAnuM kavi jaNAve che. aitihAsika puruSomAM vikrama, jyasiMha(jesala) siddharAjano paNa nirdeza kare che, to zaheromAM pATaliputra, aNahilapura, ujeNI, vArANasI, thaMbaNa(khaMbhAta), saMkhesara, cAropapura, nAgadraha, lavardhI(lodI), jAlora, ane sejakapura e nagaro-gAmo-sthAnono paNa ullekha thayelo che. ATalI rAsanI aitihAsika upayogita kharI. kavino 'Asagu' chApavALo bIjo 35 kaDIno nAno caMdanabAlA2Asa' che. chaMdaHpaddhati jIvadayArAsa'nA prakAranI ja che; pahelI kaDI be aDadhiyAMnI, jyAre bAkInI 34 kaDIomAM prathama caraNAkulanAM be caraNo ane pachI pUrvanA prakAranAM ja aDadhiyAM. dharmakathAnakano prakAra ApatA A padyagraMthamAM A prakAranuM vastu sacavAyeluM che. bharatakSetramAM AvelI caMpAnagarImAM dadhivAhana rAjA ane dhAriNI rANI che, jemane eka putrI janme che. enA samayamAM kauzAMbImAM zreNika nAmano rAjA hato. A zreNike ekavAra caMpAnagarI upara caDAI karI. baMne vacce yuddha thayuM emAM A zreNikano vijaya thatAM dadhivAhana nAsI chUTe che, jyAre zreNikano eka sainika rANI dhAriNI ane bAlakuMvarIne rathamAM nAkhI sAthe le che. e sainika mArgamAM rANIne potAnI patnI thavA samajAve che, paraMtu rANI to rAjAnI ane bIjI ciMtAomAM karuNa AkraMda karatIka2tI ja mRtyu pAme che. caMdananAM lAkaDAM lAvI sainiko ene agnidAha ApI, bAlakuMvarIne tyAM ja mUkI daI cAlyA jAya che. e ja arasAmAM dhanapati nAmano eka gRhastha tyAMthI pasAra thatAM pelI anAtha bALakIne jue che. AvI suMdara bALakI maLatAM ene ghera laI jaI patnIne ucheravA soMpe che; bAlAnuM nAma 'caMdanabAlA' pADe che. caMdanabAlA uMmaralAyaka thaI tyAre dhanapati paradeza sidhAve che. zeThANIne thAya che ke zeTha mane kADhI mUkaze ane A chokarIne paraNI jaze. Avo vicAra AvatAM e caMdanabAlAnuM muMDana karI, sAMkaLathI bAMdhI pAchaLanA makAnamAM ene pUrI de che. e bicArI tyAM paDIpaDI rudana karyAM

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 137 kare che. ene thAya che ke pUrvajanmamAM dAna nahi dIdhuM hoya tethI mArI A dazA thaI che. dhanapati pAcho Ave che tyAre caMdanabAlAne na jotAM tapAsa kare che tyAre mAlUma paDe che ke patnIe A bAlAnI kevI hAlata karI che. dhanapati caMdanabAlAne baMdhanamAMthI mukta kare che, paraMtu e to anazana dhAraNa kare che. e samaye vIra jina AvI lAgatAM enI pAse dIkSA le che. kavi aMte phalazruti ApI A padyagraMtha jAloramAM racyAnuM jaNAve che. sAdI kathA uparAMta A rAsamAM bIjuM kazuM maLatuM nathI. A ja samayamAM I. 1210mAM racAyeluM jaMbusAmicariya/jaMbusAmirAsa' koI dharma nAmanA kavinuM maLe che. potAno Acho paricaya ane racyA-varSa eNe potAnA A caritagraMthane aMte ApyAM che, jyAM e potAne koI maheMdrasUrino ziSya kahe che. A maheMdrasUri aMcalagacchanA dharmaghoSasUrinA ziSya ane siMhaprabhasUrinA guru thatA; emano janma i. 1238, dIkSA i. 1181, AcAryapada I. 1238 ane avasAna I. 1253mAM thayela. graMthakAre pote to A racanAne jaMbUsAmihitaNI cariya' (kaDI 1) ane jaMbUsAmicarita' (kaDI 40) kahela che; puSpikAmAM "zrI jabUsvAmirAsa maLe che. pAMca ivaNiomAM vibhakta A kRti geya avazya che. nava kaDIonI roLA chaMdanI pahelI ivaNi pachI bIjI ThavaNi 28.5 kaDIonI gaNI che, paNa 28 kaDIonI che. 30mI kaDIthI navI ivaNi zarU thaI zake ja che, je kaDIthI soraThA zarU thAya che. kaDIonA AMka baLe soraThAnI eka kaDIne hisAbe TaMkAyelA che. 36mI kaDIe trIjI ThavaNi pUrI karI cothI vaNi be kaDIonI ane chellI pAMcamI ivaNi cAra kaDIonI che. 30-41 e kaDIomAMnA soraThAomAM viSama pAde keTalIka paMktiomAM pachInI bekI paMktinI sAthe prAsa maLe che, keTalIkanA maLatA ja nathI. geyatAne mATe atratatra kAra jovA maLe ja che. jaMbusvAmInuM A padyagraMthamAM sAduM niralaMkAra carita ja vAMcavA maLe cheH rAjagRhano zreNika nAmano rAjA vardhamAna svAmIne vaMdana karavA jAya che tyAM koI prasannacaMdra nAmanA mAnavIne tapa karato jue che. vardhamAna svAmI pAse jaI rAjA prazna kare che ke A prasannacaMdra mRtyu pAme to janma kyAM leze. pahelIvAranA praznanA javAbamAM "narake,' bIjIvAranA praznanA javAbamAM manuSyalokamAM ane trIjAno javAba maLato nathI. tyAM to prasannacaMdrane levA jatA devonAM duMdubhiono nAda saMbhaLAya che. vardhamAna svAmI e samaye "mananA pariNAme jIvane viSama gati thayAnuM kahe che. e pachI manuSyalokamAM AvI paDatA eka devane rAjA jue che. kathA evI che ke mahAvidehanI vItazoka nagarImAM padmaratha nAmano rAjA hato. ene vanamAlA nAmanI enI rANIthI zivakumAra nAmano putra thayelo. e nagarImAM sAgara nAmanA muni jaI pahoMcatAM A kumAra emane vaMdana karavA jAya che tyAM ene potAnA pUrvanA bhavanuM smaraNa thatAM e

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138 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 saMyamavrata levAno ni2dhA2 kare che. enI mAtA saMmati ApatI nathI tethI e maunavrata dhAraNa karI rahe che. rANI ene samajAvavAne mATe dRDhadharmA nAmanA zrAvakane preraNA kare che. enI samajAvaTathI zivakumAra niyamavratonuM pAlana karato saMsAranAM karmabaMdhana toDI, bAra varSane aMte Ayu pUrNa karI devaloka sidhAve che. evI bhaviSyavANI paNa thAya che ke zivakumArano AtmA RSabhadatta zreSThInI dhAriNI nAmanI patnImAM jaMbukumA2 tarIke avata2ze. e pramANe jaMbukumArano janma thAya che, paNa pUrva bhavanA saMskArane laI bacapaNathI ja e brahmacaryavratane vaLagI rahe che. uMmaralAyaka thatAM mAtA-pitAnA AgrahathI kumArane lagna to karavAM paDe che, paraMtu lagna pachI potAnI AThe patnIone e pahelI rAte ja upadeza Ape che. barobara e ja samaye prabhava nAmano co2 makAnamAM khAtara pADavA dAkhala thAya che. sAthenA pAMcaso sAthIdAro sAthe praveza karatAM ja pelo upadeza sAMbhaLI sthira thaI rahe che. prabhava jaMbukumAra pAse potAnI vidyAonA badalAmAM thaMbhaNI' vidyA mAge che. baMne vacce carcA thAya che, pachI patnIonI sAthe paNa carcA thAya che. aMte AThe patnI ane mAbApa jaMbukumAra sAthe dIkSA levAnuM nakkI karI svajanonI rajA levA ghara bhaNI jAya che. badhAM AvI jatAM aMte A badhAM dIkSA laI saMyamavratathI, kevalajJAna prApta kare che ane potAnI pachI prabhavane paTTadhara banAvI jaMbusvAmI siddhi prApta kare che. 'AburAsa' - kavi sUcave che te pramANe nemijiNaMdaha rAso'/ nemineiMdrarAsa' * mAtra paMcAvana kaDIonI nAnI rAsakRti che. kAvyakartAnuM nAma pAlhaNa' ke "pAlhaNaputa' samajAya che ane 2canA I.1233nI che, je (saM.1289nA)vasaMta mAsa' eTale caitra mAsamAM 'raMbhAuludIha' - pahele divase - pUrI thaI che. 'ThavarNi' ane 'bhAsA' evA eka pachI eka TukaDA - evI rIte ke ThaNi 'caraNAkula-copAi'mAM to 'bhAsA' doharA vagere anya chaMdomAM A racanA thayelI che. 92 vaNIo - kaDI 1-9, 14-19, 24-27, 29-31, 36-40, 51-55... 10-13, 2023, 28(A kaDI azAta chaMdanI), 33-35, 41 bhAsA 50 (A dasa kaDIo 'roLA'nAM ardha che.) graMthakAra AraMbhamAM jaNAve che te pramANe A nemijiveMdrarAsa' che, paraMtu emAM neminAthanuM kathAnaka nathI, paraMtu Abu upara neminAthanuM derAsara karavAmAM AveluM eno mAtra Acho itihAsa che. gurjara dezamAM caMdrAvatI nAme nagarI che, jyAM soma rAjA rAjya kare che. enA rAjyamAM Abu parvata che, jenA upara bAra gAma vaselAM che. tyAM acalezvara ane bAlakumArI zrInAM sthAna che. A sthala najIka vimalazAe baMdhAveluM RSabhajineMdranuM devAlaya che. najIkamAM ja aMbAdevInuM sthAna che, jyAM aneka - -

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rAsa ane zagu sAhitya 139 saMgho yAtrA karavA Ave che tyAM bIjuM neminAthanuM devAlaya che. gujarAtanI dhurAno samuddhAra karanAra lavaNaprasAda karIne rAjavI che, jeNe sulatAnane haMphAvyo hato, ene viradhavala nAmano pratApI putra che. solaMki kula-saMbhamiu sUrau jaga jasu vAu! gUjarAta-dhura-samuddharaNuM rANau lUNapasAu ||11|| paribaLu dala jo oDavae jiNi peliu suratANA rAja karaI annaya taNao jAsu aMgajiu mANuM ||12aa luNasA-patta ju viradhavalo rANI araDaka-mallA cora carADihi Agalao ripurAyaha ura sallu /1vAra ene vastupALa nAmano maMtrI hato. eno bhAI tejapALa. e baMnee navuM devAlaya karAvyuM ane aneka sthaLe tIrthakaronAM biMba padharAvyAM. eNe pRthvI upara maMdirono jIrNoddhAra karAvyo; navANa ane sadAvrato baMdhAvyAM. zetruMjA parvata upara taLAva khodAvyuM. vAghelA rAjA emane bahu mAna Ape che. eka vAra mahetA tejapAle vicAryuM ke Abu upara tIrtha karI tyAM jinamaMdira karAvuM. e mATe udala nAmanA ThAkorane caMdrAvatInA rAjA somanI pAse mokalyo. rAjAe AjJA ApI ane Abu upara moTo meLo bharAyo. mahAjananI sAthe udala Abu upara delavADA gayo ane tyAM jamIna pasaMda karI. have zobhanadeva nAmanA sUtradhArane tejapAle AjJA ApI ane vimalazAnA maMdiranI uttara bAju maMdiranuM kAma zarU karAvavAmAM AvyuM. rUpAnI bhArobhAra Arasa maMgAvI eno maMdarimAM upayoga karavAmAM Avyo. sarovaranA kAMThe Ama jinamaMdira UbhuM karavAmAM AvyuM. jinabiMba khaMbhAtamAM banAvaDAvavAmAM AvyuM te tyAMthI tejapAla chaThe divase delavADe laI Avyo. jozIne bolAvI, uttama muhUrta joI biMbanI pratiSThA karAvI. e vakhate pATaNano saMgha paNa hAjara hato. i.1230(saM.1286)nI caitra kRSNa trIjane divase pratiSThA thaI. tyAM aneka utsava thayA. tyAM maMdiramAM pitA AsarAja ane mAtA kumAradevInI mUrtio paNa mUkavAmAM AvI. aneka dhanikoe aneka bheTo ApI. Ama eka aitihAsika prasaMgane sAdI bhASAmAM kavie mUrti karyo che. I.1230mAM A prasaMga banyo hoI enA pachI taratamAM ja A "rAsanI racanA thaI svIkAravAmAM bAdha nathI. A rAsathI eka vAta spaSTa thAya che ke "gUra deza' ane gujarAtanI have A saMjJAo uttara gujarAtanA "sArasvata maMDalane mATe rUDha thaI cUkI hatI. Avo ja bIjo aitihAsika mUlya dharAvato revaMtagirirAsu (I.1232 AsapAsa) che. jenI racanA kAvyAMte jaNAvyA pramANe vastupALa-tejapALanA samakAlIna

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140 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 vijayasenasUrie karI che. kartA jaNAve che te pramANe samUhamAM ramavAne mATe eka nRtta prakAranI geya racanA tarIke) A "rAsanI racanA karavAmAM AvI che. kavi cAra kaDava' (anukrame 20, 50, 32, 20 kaDIo)mAM kAvya vistAre che. AmAM paheluM kaDava' doharAmAM, trIjuM "kaDava" "roLA'nAM aDadhiyAmAM kaDIonA AMka ApI, cothuM kaDavuM moTe bhAge beu aDadhiyAmAM prathamanA zabda pachI ane dareka aDadhiyAne aMte paNa geyatA mATe kAra dharAvatA soraThAomAM, jyAre bIjuM kaDavuM jarA vicitra che. koI khAsa prakArano DhALa badalatA chaMde cokkasa prakAranA palaTA leto hoya tevo jaNAya che, badhI ja kaDIo dase dasa ekasarakhI nathI. saMbhava che ke pAThamAM bhraSTatA paNa dAkhala thaI gaI hoya, ane tethI dareka kaDInA AraMbhamAM bAvIsa mAtrAmAM babbe caraNa Ave che, je dasamI kaDImAM chellAM be caraNonA rUpamAM dekhAya che. pachInAM cAracAra caraNa jhUlaNA'nA prathama vIsa mAtrAnA TukaDAnuM rUpa Ape che. jema pUrveno AburAsa Abu uparanA jinamaMdiranI sthApanAne lakSya karI tejapALanI prazastino che tevI ja rIte A "revaMtagiri rAsu revataka(=giranAra)ja uparanAM tejapALa vagerenAM kAryone biradAvavA racAyelo che. graMthakAra kAvyanA AraMbhamAM saurASTra dezanI prazasti karatAM jaNAve che ke - gAmAgarapuravaNagahaNasari saravari supaesa devabhUmi disi pacchimaha maNaharu soraTha desu rA" gAmo, khANo, puro, vano, gahana nadIo ane sarovarothI zobhI UThatA pradezovALo devabhUmirUpa manohara soraThadeza pazcima dizAmAM Avelo che.) ahIM revaMtagiri ane enI para nemikumAranuM devAlaya AveluM che. dezadezAMtaramAMthI saMgha yAtrA mATe ahIM Ave che. poravADanA kuLanI zobhArUpa, AsArAmano putra vastupAla uttama maMtrI che ane eno bhAI tejapAla che. e samaye dhoLakAmAM gurjaradharAnA agra bhAgamAM varadhavaladeva rAjA hato. baMne bhAIoe viSama pradezane sama karI nAkhyo hato. nAyalagacchanA vijayasenasUrinA upadezathI baMne bhAIoe dharmamAM daDha bhAva dhAraNa karyo hato. tejapAle giranAranI taLeTImAM gaDha maDha ane paranovALuM tejalapura nAmanuM gAma vasAvyuM hatuM. tyAM AsArAya-vihAramAM pArzvanAthanuM maMdira ane potAnI mAtAnA nAma uparathI kumArasarovara banAvyuM hatuM. tejalapuranI pUrva dizAmAM ugrasenagaDha durgamAM RSabhadeva vagerenAM maMdiro banAvyAM hatAM. bIjAM kArya karAvyAM hatAM. ahIM yAtrIo giridvAre AvatAM hatAM, jyAM suvarNarekhA nadInA kAMThA upara pAMcamA hari dAmodaranuM bhavya maMdira hatuM. ujijala (=urjayaMta) parvatanI taLeTImAM dhArmika janono utsAha mAto nahoto. kAlameghAMtaranA mArga upara vastupALe

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 141 aneka para saMgho bolAvyA hatA. A pUrve gurjara dezamAM kumArapALa rAjA thayelo teNe saurASTranA daMDAdhipati tarIke zrImALI kuLanA aMbanI nimaNUka karI hatI, jeNe giranAra para caDavAnI pAja baMdhAvI hatI. emAM TheraThera paraba besADI hatI. A I.1164mAM thayeluM. ahIM dakSiNa dizAmAM lAkhArAmanuM sthAna. A pUrve zrI jayasiMhadeva rAjA thayo hato, jeNe rAu kheMgArane mArI sajjana maMtrIne saurASTranA daMDAdhipati daraje nImyo hato. e sajjane nemijineMdranuM navuM maMdira banAvaDAvyuM hatuM. tyAM mALavAnA bhAvaDazAhe sonAnuM nagArakhAnuM banAvaDAvI ApyuM hatuM. ekavAra kAzamIra dezathI saMgha Avyo hato tenA Ajiu ane ratana vagere zrAvakoe zrI neminAthane atyaMga snAna karAvatAM nemi biMba gaLI gayuM hatuM, tethI saMghAdhipatie pazcAttApapUrvaka 21 upavAsa karyA tyAre aMbikAdevI prasanna thayAM, ane bIjA biMbanI maMdarimAM pratiSThA karAvavAmAM AvI. AgaLa jatAM tyAM vastupAle RSabhadeva maMdira ane tejapAle neminAtha maMdira baMdhAvyuM. depAla maMtrIe vizAla IMdramaMDapano samuddhAra karyo. chellA kaDavAmAM kavi madhura zabdomAM aMbikAmAtAnA ramya devAlayano khyAla Ape che. tyAM yAtrIo kevo AnaMda le che, bhinnabhinna derAsaramAM jaI darzanathI kevI tRpti anubhave che, vagere gItanA rUpamAM rajU kare che. graMthakArano bhASA upara to kAbU che ja, uparAMta varNanomAM paNa sAdA alaMkAro prasaMgavazAt rajU karI Ape che : jima jima caDai taDi kaDaNi girinArahA tima tima uDaI jaNa bhavaNa saMsArahA jima jima seujaluM agni pAlAe tima tima kalimalu saheluM oTTae ||rA jima jima vAyaI vAu tiha nirjhAra-sAyalA tima tima bhavaduhadAho taphakhaNi tuTTa) Nalideg jAI kuMdu vihasato je susumiti saMkula disaI dasa disi divaso kiri tArAmaMDaluM pAtra jeimajema manuSya giranAranI karADo upara caDato jAya che tematema saMsAramAMnI enI laukika sthiti dUra thatI jAya che, jemajema AgaLa jatAM parasevo thavA lAge che tematema badho kalimala dUra thato jAya che. jemajema jharaNAMothI zItaLa thayelo pavana vAya che, tematema saMsAranAM duHkhonI Aga e ja samaye tUTI jAya che. phUlothI bharelAM bhAI ane mogarA hasatAM dekhAya che, te jANe dase dizAe tArAmaMDala divase na dekhAtuM hoya!

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142 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 AvAM keTalAMya sthAna jovA maLe che. cothuM kaDavuM enuM sAruM udAharaNa pUruM pADe che. A vijayasenasUri nAyalAnA-dra) gacchanA amaracaMdrasUrinA ziSya haribhadrasUrinA ziSya hatA ane vastupALa-tejapALanA mArgadarzaka guru hatA. I.123ramAM giranAra uparanuM neminAtha maMdira baMdhAvavAno emaNe tejapAlane upadeza Apyo hato eTale e pachI taratamAM A rAsanI racanA emaNe karI samajAya che. 9 caMda baradAIne nAme ullikhita thayelo prathIrAjarAso'pRthurAjarAso) to lagabhaga mahAbhAratanI zlokasaMkhyAne pahoMcI jAya tevI mahAna racanA che. A samagra pATha jUno nathI, paraMtu pAMceka hajAra kaDIonI eka laghu vAcanAmAM keTaluMka junavANI tattva jaLavAI rahyuM che. A nAnI racanA paNa kharekhara pRthurAja cauhANanA samakAlIna kahevAtA caMda baradAInI che ke pAchaLathI A nAma joDI devAmAM AvyuM che e siddha karavAnuM kArya khUba kaThina che. bhATa-cAraNoe rAjAonI biradAvaLIo gAvA prAkRta-apabhraMzano bhAsa karAve tevI UbhI karelI kRtrima bhASAno - je pAchaLathI DiMgaLa'nA nAme prasiddha thaI che teno eka sabaLa namUno pRthurAjarAso' che. AnI laghuvAcanA paNa jo kharekhara pRthurAja cauhANanA samaya pachI najIkamAM ja sadhAI hoya to A kAvya DiMgaLano sauthI jUno namUno kahI zakAya. pRthurAja cauhANanuM mRtyu aMdAje I. 1193mAM thayuM te samaya pachI koIe A kAvyanI racanA karI che.) je samaye 'uttara gaurjara apabhraMzamAM mAravADa ane uttara gujarAtanI bhUmi upara sAhitya racAye jatuM hatuM te samaye DiMgaLamAM A racanA thaI hoya to e asaMbhavita nathI. aneka bhinnabhinna mAtrAmeLa chaMdomAM A aitihyamUlaka kAvya rasa ane alaMkArothI paNa samRddha banI rahyuM che. caMdabalidda bhaTTanA kahelA cAra chappA svataMtra rIte jANavAmAM AvyA che, jemAMnA be pRthurAjane uddezIne ane be jayacaMdra rAThoDane uddezIne che, e uparathI eTaluM spaSTa che ke jUnA(saMskRta) prabaMdhalekhakone pRthurAja jayacaMdra-caMdanI samakAlInatA abhipreta che. A cAre chappA enI prathIrAjarAso' nAmanI racanAmAM hovAnI zakyatAne TALI zakAya nahi. purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgrahamAM saMgRhita pRthvIrAjaprabaMdhamAM, pRthurAjano maMtrI bakaIbAsa' dago khelI rahyo che evuM jANatAM enI hatyA karavAno pRthurAje hukama karyo, paNa e bacI jatAM e vize caMda be chappA kahe che. chappAonI bhASA keTaleka sthaLe aspaSTa che A chappAomAM caMda baliddiuM', "caMda balidu evI chApa maLe che. jayacaMdrane kahelA beu chappAomAM jalDa kaI ane sukavi ba(jIlDa evI chApa che. eTale

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rAsa ane kSagu sAhitya 143 zaMkA rahe che ke pAchalA be chappA caMdanA nahi hoya. A rAsAnuM prAcIna svarUpa upalabdha nathI. e maLe to eka namUnedAra aitihAsika kAvya maLI rahe; bhASAnI dRSTie paNa e khUba ja upayogI thaI paDe, e purAtana-prabaMdhasaMgraha'mAMnA namUnAothI paNa samajI zakAya ema che. Ama chatAM A rAso pRthurAjanA samayamAM racAyo haze ema kahI na zakAya. I. 1244 AsapAsa racAyelo koI ThelhaNa-kRta 'gaja-sukumAlarAsa' koI deveMdrasUrinA kahevAthI racavAmAM Avyo hato. 34 kaDInA A nAnA geya rAsamAM gajasukumAlanuM saMkSipta caritamAtra bAMdhavAmAM AvyuM che. chaMdonI dRSTie jotAM ekI kaDIo 24 mAtrAnI dvipadInI ane bekI kaDIo caraNAkulanAM 4-4 ca2NonI che. kathAvastu AvuM che : dvArakAmAM zaMkha-cakra-gadA-padmadhArI kRSNa deveMdranI jema pRthvI upara rAjya kare che. emanAM mAtA-pitA vasudeva-devakIne tyAM jugaliyA traNa munio AvatA. temane joI devakI vicAratAM ke AvA putra hoya te mAtA kharekhara dhanya che. enA manamAM ema paNa Ave che ke mArA cha putrone kaMse mArI nAkhyA che tethI to A cha munio tarapha mAruM kheMcANa nahi thatuM hoya ne! A cha munio da22oja potAne tyAM AvatA hoI devakI nemikumArane pUche che to javAba maLe che ke ekasarakhA rUpavALA e chaye bhAIo che. devakIne thayuM ke Avo putra mane thAya to sAruM. e mATe nemikumAra pAse vrata lIdhuM ne kAmanA pUrNa thaI. janmelA kumAranuM nAma gajasukumAla pADavAmAM AvyuM. pUrva bhavanA saMskAre kumArane nAnI uMmare ja virakti hatI ane paraNavAnI eNe icchA batAvI nahotI, chatAM yuvAnavaye enAM lagna thayAM ane devakInA manoratha pUrA thayA. paraMtu pachI moha upara vijaya meLavI kumAre neminAtha pAse jaI pravrajyA lIdhI ane dvArakA najIkanA smazAnamAM jaI tapazcaryA AdarI mAthA upara saLagatA aMgArA mUkI AkarI tapazcaryA karI ane aMte mokSa pAmyA. graMthakAre chellI be kaDImAM deveMdrasUrinI preraNA noMdhIne ane kathAnI phalazruti ApI padmagraMtha pUro karyo che. graMthakAra kvacit upamA jevA alaMkArane nirUpI le che : narihi rajju karei kantu niraMdU naravai maMti saNAho jiva suragaNi IMdU pA tAsu jaNa vasudevo vara rUvanihANU| mahiyali payaDa-payAvo riu-bhaDa-tama-bhAglR ||||103 [je pramANe devonA gaNamAM iMdra che te pramANe rAjavIo ane maMtrIothI sanAtha kRSNa rAjA tyAM dvArakAmAM rAjya kare che. enA 52ma rUpavAna, pitA vasudeva zatru yoddhAorUpI aMdhakAra tarapha sUrya jevA pragaTa prabhAvavALA hatA.

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144 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 A samaya AsapAsa sumatigaNi nAmanA jaina sAdhuno racelo neminAtharAsa jANavAmAM Avyo che. jinadattasUrinA 'gaNadharasArdhazataka' upara brahavRttinI racanA khaMbhAtamAM AraMbhIne I.1239mAM mAMDavagaDhamAM pUrI karI te, jinapatisUrinA ziSya sumatigaNi hovAnI zakyatA che. emano dIkSA saMskAra I.1204 (saM.126)nA aSADha sudi chaThane divase, ghaNuM karI mAravADanA kheDapuramAM thayelo I.1217mAM jinapatisUri ziSyo sAthe haradvAra gayelA tyAM nagarakoTanA rAjA pRthvIcaMdranA kAzmIrI paMDita manodAnaMda sAthenA zAstrArthamAM jinAlopAdhyAya ane sumatigaNi paNa sAthe hatA. kavie gaNadharasArdhazatakavRtti saMskRtamAM I.1239mAM racelI.4 graMthakAra kAvyanA AraMbhamAM temaja chelle pa3mI-54mI kaDIomAM jaNAve che te pramANe A rAsakRti che. 05 A mukhyatve caraNAkuLa chaMdamAM racAyela che, paraMtu A 16 mAtrAnAM padomAM jhUmakhAnI pahelAM eNe dhUvaDa zabda mUkyo che. A ghUvaDa nI pUrve pelI bAvIsa mAtrAnAM padovALI dvipadIo che. A uparathI spaSTa thAya che ke A dvipadIo dhruvIo che ane pachInAM tyAMnAM caraNAkuLanAM pada saMgItAtmaka geya svarUpanAM che. graMthakAre bAvIsamA tIrthaMkara neminAthanuM dharmacaritra A rAsamAM bAMdhyuM che. kathAvastu kavi A pramANe Ape che : zauripurImAM samudravijaya nAmanA yAdavarAja ane enAM zivAdevI nAmanAM rANI hatAM. kArtika vadi bArasane divase zaMkhano jIvAtmA emanA garbhamAM Avyo ane zrAvaNa suda pAMcamanI rAtrie nemikumArano janma thayo. janmasamaye 56 dikakumArIoe rANInI paricaryA karI ane anya devo meru parvata upara ekaThA thayA tyAM IMdra rANIne avasthApinI nidrAmAM nAkhI kumArane lAvyo ne abhiSeka pachI pAcho svasthaLe pahoMcADI dIdho. kumAre garbhAvasthAmAM ariSTaneminAM darzana karelAM tethI enuM nAma "ariSTanemi pADavAmAM AvyuM. A arasAmAM jarAsaMdhanA bhaye yAdavo mathurAno tyAga karI samudrataTe dvArAvatImAM jaI vasyA. nemikumAra pharatA pharatA eka divase zrIkRSNanI AyudhazALAmAM gayA ane ramatamAM zrIkRSNano zaMkha vagADyo, jene lIdhe traNe bhuvana khaLabhaLI UThyAM. zrIkRSNa paNa bebAkaLA thaI baLadevane pUchavA lAgyA tyAre baLarAme kahyuM ke Darazo nahi, A kumAra to mokSArthI che, enAthI tamane nukasAna nathI. zrIkRSNa eka vAra nemikumAra sAthe vaMdva khelavA mAgaNI karI tyAre nemikumAre potAno hAtha prasArI ene namAvavA kahyuM. zrIkRSNa ane namAvI na zakyA ane hAthe laTakI rahyA. e pachI samudravijayanI prasannatA khAtara yAdavoe nemikumAranA lagnanI vAta upADI. nemikumAre e samaye mauna rAkheluM ene saMmati samajI rAjA ugrasenanI putrI rAjimatI sAthe lagna karavA goThavaNI karI. jyAre jAna ugrasenanA mahAlaye gaI tyAre bhojanamAM upayogamAM levAne mATe rAkhelAM citkAra karatAM pazuone joI kumAre lagna karyA vinA ja ratha pAcho vALyo. vairAgya AvatAM

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 145 300 varSa sudhI kumArAvasthAmAM rahI hajAro rAjavIo sAthe zrAvaNa sudi chaThane divase urjAmaMta(unnatI giranAra upara jaI pravajyA lIdhI. rAjimatIe A sAMbhaLyuM ane ene paNa vairAgya thayuM. neminAthe dvArAvatImAM pharatA rahI pAraNAM karyA ane 54 divase kevaLI thayA. rAmitIe emanI pAsethI ja dIkSA lIdhI ane emanI pUrve ja siddhi pAmI. neminAthanuM nirvANa Aso sudi AThamane divase thayuM. graMthakArano zabdasamRddhi yojavA para gaNya koTino kAbU che ane kvacit sAdA arthAlakAro paNa e prayojI le che : - asthi pasiddha nayari soriyapura, je vatruvina sakkaI suraguru| jahiM paMDura rehahiM jiNamaMdira, nAvai himagiri phUDa samudra2 // 2 // ...tassaya navarUvA navajuvaNa, nava-guNa-putri viNiya gayavaNA rANI 2yaNiya2 sama vayaNI, sidevI tti hariNa-bahu-nayaNI || ...dasa disi ujjoaMtau kaMtihi, ravi jivaM tamaharu bhuvaNa bharaMti hi // 10 // ...jima nisi sohaI pUna-miyaMkA, jimna sarisa reha kamalaMkA rayaNAyara dhara rANihi jempa, tuhu jiNavavara kara sohisa temna ||16||106 [zaurikapura nAmanI prasiddha nagarI che, jenuM suraguru bRhaspati paNa varNana karI zake nahi, jyAM jinamaMdironI ujjavaLa rekhAonI pAse himAlayanAM zikhara sarasAI karI zake ema nathI... rAjA samudravijayane navIna rUpavALI, navayauvanA, navaguNavALI ane nIroga, rajanIkura caMdranA jevA mukhavALI ane hiraNanAM netro jevAM beu netrovALI zivadevI nAmanI rANI hatI... kumArano janma thatAM e kAMtithI dase dizAomAM prakAza phelAvatA aMdhakArane haranArA sUryanI jema jagatane pUrNa karI rahyo che... (jnma sAMbhaLatAM IMdra stuti kare che ke -) he jinavara, je pramAo rAtrimAM pUrNa caMdramA zobhI rahe, je pramANe sarovaramAM kamalAMka sUrya zobhI rahe, ratnAkara sAgara je pramANe ratnothI zobhI rahe, te pramANe tame kiraNothI zobhI rahezo.) mAtra geyatAnuM tattva hovAne kAraNe ja jene rAsasaMjJA maLI che tevo 'saptakSetrirAsu' koI ajJAta kavinI I.1271 (saM.1327)nA mAgha sudi 10 guruvArane divase pUrI karelI 119 kaDIomAM racAyelI kRti che: -107 geyatAnA vaividhyanI dRSTie A rAsanA sAta khaMDa jovAmAM Ave che; bezaka, e khaMDonI 'vaNi' 'bhAsa' ke 'kaDavaka' jevI saMjJA maLatI nathI. khaMDa 1 : 18 kaDIonA A khaMDamAM ekI kaDI aMte gA la' dharAvatI sAmAnya rIte 13+7 mAtrAnI dvipadI che, jyAre 18mI sivAyanI kaDIo caraNAkuLanAM cAra caraNonI che, 18mI kaDI 30 mAtrAnI saraiyAnAM be caraNanI che.

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146 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 khaMDa 2 : 18 thI 35 kaDIo roLAnI, 36mI 28 mAtrAnI savaiyAnAM be caraNa che - jemAM prathamanI 16 mAtrAmAM 8-8 mAtrAnA prAsabaddha TukaDA che. khaMDa 3 : 36 thI 54 kaDIo baroLAnI, pa5mI savaiyAnA DhALanI che. khaMDa 4 : 56 thI 68 cokhA doharA che, paraMtu emAM pUrvArdhanA ekI caraNane aMte "varatoyache ane uttarArdhanA ekI caraNane aMte "mRtoya evAM pratIka umerAyelAM che, jene laI e eka suMdara geya gIta thaI jAya che; 69mI kaDI savaiyAnI DhALanI che. bhraSTa pAThane kAraNe coksAI jarA muzkela bane che. khaMDa 5 : kaDI 70thI 95 cokhAM caraNAkuLanAM cAra cAra caraNa che. khaMDa 6 : kaDI 96thI 114 roLA ane 115mI savaiyAnAM be caraNa che. khaMDa : 7 kaDI 116thI 119 baroLA' AmAM khaMDa bIjAthI chaThThA sudhImAM sAta kSetro eTale ke sAta prakAranAM dharmakAryono khyAla Apyo che. AmAM paheluM kSetra te jinamaMdira karAvavuM che. A pachI jinabiMba karAvavAM, pUjA-AMgI-AbharaNa-kUlanA jinamUrtione zaNagAra, AratI-utsava karAvavA, svAdhyAya-dAna vagere karavAM, A cAranI vigato ApavAmAM AvI che. kAvyatve emAMthI kazuM maLe nahi, chatAM jinamaMdiromAM thatA utsavo vakhate 'tAlArasa' ane 'lakuTArasathI khelA nRtta karatA e mahattvapUrNa vAta noMdhAI gaI che : baisaI sahUI zramaNa saMgha sAvaya guNavaMtA | joI ucchavu jinaha bhuvaNi mani haraSa dharatA | tIche tAlArasa paDaI bahu bhATa paDhatA! anaI lakuyarasa joII khelA nAcatA 48 savi hU sariSA siNagAra savi tevaDa tevaDA ! nAcIya dhAmIya raMbha re tau bhAvaI rUDA | sulalita vANI madhuri sAdi jiNa-guNa gAyatA tAla-mAnuM chaMda-gIta-meluM vAjiMtra vAjaMtA 49 tibilAM jhAlari bheru karaDi kaMsAlAM vAjaiI paMca zabda maMgalika hetu jiNabhuvaNaI chAjadhA paMca zabda vAjaMti bhATu aMbara bahiraMtauT iNa pari ucchavu jiNa-bhuvaNi zrIsaMghu karatI ||5Oaa106 zrimaNono samUha ane guNavaMta zrAvako bese che. manamAM harSa dhAraNa karIne jinamaMdiramAM thatA utsava jue che. tyAM tAlArasa (= hIMca - hamacI) thAya che. bhATa loko vANI bole che, ane khelADIo lakuyarasa (dAMDiyArasa khele che te) jovAmAM Ave che. badhAnA sarakhA zaNagAra che, badhA sarakhI uMmaranA che. tyAM apsarA raMbhA jevI strIo nRtya karI rahI che te khUba game che. sulalita vANI

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 147 ane madhure sAde jinadevanA guNa gAya che. tAlanA mAnathI chaMda ane gItono meLa thaI rahyo che. vAjiMtra vagADavAmAM Ave che. tabalAM jhAlara bherI karaDI kAMsiyAMjhAMjha vAgI rahyAM che. maMgala kArya mATe jinabhuvanamAM paMca zabda chavAI rahyA che. paMca zabda vAgatAM bhATaloka vastro sajIne bahAra Ave che. A pramANe jinAlayomAM zrIsaMgha utsava UjavI rahyo che.] teramI zatAbdInA aMtabhAga najIkanI 'sAlibhadracaritra' nAmanI eka rAsakRti saMgrAmasiMhanI racelI jANavAmAM AvI che.109 A saMgrAmasiMha maMtrI hato ane aMcalagacchanA jayazekharasUriprabaMdhaciMtAmaNinA kartA)no ziSya hato, 110 e uparathI eno samaya paMdaramI zatAbdIno pUrvArdha kahI zakAya. e potAne maMtrI kahe che, paraMtu kayA rAjavIno maMtrI hato e vize spaSTa kazuM maLatuM nathI. mAMDavagaDhano eka osavALa saMgrAmasiMha mahamada khalajIno mAnIto vizvAsapAtra bhaMDArI hato.11 te ja A che ema kahevA ApaNI pAse atyAre koI pramANa nathI. A rAsamAM mukhyatve to doharA ane copAI che, paraMtu AnI viziSTatA emAM AvatA bhinnabhinna rAgonI che. AraMbhamAM ja jarA vicitra mApanI 3 kaDIono 'vasaMta rAga dhUu' che. AgaLa jatAM kaDI 55-59 ane 71-76nAM saraiyAnI dezInAM desAkha rAga'nAM be gIta che; evo ja eka dhUo kaDI 176-179no dhanAsIrAgu'no che. vacce kaDI 164-175nI copAIo paNa dareka kaDIne aMte 'volava' dhruvAvALI geya racanA che. vacce copAImAM ja kaDI 32-38 (babbe caraNonI ja kaDI) dhavala' mathALe che; je paNa tethI ja spaSTa rIte geya che. pUrva janmanA dhannA govALano bIjA bhavamAM zAlibhadra tarIke avatAra thayo ane zAlibhadre A navA bhavamAM siddhi tarapha kevAM Daga bharyAM enI kathA Apato A padyabaMdha che. dhannA govALa tarIkenA janmamAM garIbI hatI. paryuSaNanA divasa AvyA, paraMtu utsava mANavA gharamAM kazuM nahi. mAtA pAse putra mAge, paNa kyAMthI Ape? paDozaNa AvI mAgI levA kahe che ane baMnene rotAM roke che. khI2-khAMDa ApI jAya che. eka mahinAno upavAsa karI koI sAdhu voravA Ave che tene A putra khIra vorAvI de che. A puNye navA avatAramAM rAjagRhanA gobhadra zeThane tyAM subhadrA mAtAmAM janma lIdho, jyAM A kumAranuM nAma 'zAlibhadra' pADavAmAM AvyuM. uMmare AvatAM zAlibhadranAM 32 kanyAo sAthe lagna thayAM. lagna thayA pachI zAlibhadra jinabhaktimAM potAno samaya gALatA hatAM. keTaleka varSe anazana laI pitA gobhadra svarge gayo ane vyaMtarayoni prApta karI. e yonimAM eka vAra e zAlibhadrane bAraNe Avyo. brAhmaNanA vezamAM AvI putrane jagADyo. e vakhate batrIse putravadhUo paNa page lAgI. badhAMne sukhI joI gobhadra svargamAM cAlyo gayo. rAjagRhamAM ghaNA sukhI vepA2I vasatA hatA. e samaye tyAM zreNika nAmano

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148 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 rAjA rAjya karato hato. bahAragAmanA vepArIono koI nAyaka vaNajAra sAthe rAjagRhamAM Avyo. e motIothI bharelo thALa laI rAjAne maLavA gayo. bheTa svIkArI rAjAe koI durlabha vastu kharIdavA icchA batAvI tyAre ratnakaMbalo batAvyAM, paraMtu sodo patyo nahi. pelo vaNajAro ciMtAmAM paDyo ke rAjA ja jo A kharIdI zake ema nathI to bIjuM to koNa kharIdavAnuM! rAtre enA svapnamAM koI zvetAMbara AcAryanAM darzana thayAM, jeNe kahyuM ke tuM zAlibhadrane tyAM jaIne batAva. savAre zAlibhadrane tyAM 16 ratnakaMbalono sodo patI gayo, subhadrAmAtAe e kiMmatI ratnakaMbalo kharIdI lIdhAM. zreNika rAjAnI rANIe jyAre A vAta sAMbhaLI tyAre rUsaNuM lIdhuM. rAjAe kahyuM ke hAthI ghoDA ke evuM kAMI hoya te kAma Ave, A ratnakaMbala zA kAmamAM Ave! rAjAe pelA vaNajArAnI pAse maMtrI abhayakumArane mokalyo tyAre vaNajArAe kahyuM ke ratnakaMbala to zAlibhadrane tyAM pagalUchaNAM karavAne mATe apAI gayAM che. maMtrIe A vAta rAjAne karI tyAre rAjAne AnaMda thayo ke mArA nagaramAM AvA dhanADhyo vase che. ane zAlibhadranAM vakhANa karyAM. rAjAe vaNajArAne bolAvI hyuM ke eka ratnakaMbala lAvI Ape to enA savAlAkha rUpiyA ApuM. e pachI rAjA potAnA maMtrInI sAthe zAlibhadrane tyAM gayo. ghara joI Azcarya pAmyo. rAjAne Avelo jANI mAtA subhadrAe putrane khabara ApyA. zAlibhadra ane rAjA maLyA. rAjAe apAra samRddhi joI. rAjA derAsaramAM gayo. pachI bhojanasamaye zAlibhadranI batrIse strIone pIrasatI joI. rAjAne vAjategAjate vidAya ApI. zAlibhadranuM hradaya prathamathI ja virakta hatuM ane A prasaMga pachI vairAgya tarapha enI vRtti vadhavA lAgI. eNe dararoja ekaeka patnIno tyAga karavAno AraMbha karyo. e pachI pUro vairAgya laI vihAra karavA cAlyo jAya che. pharI rAjagRhamAM Ave che tyAre mAtAne tyAM voravA jAya che. zAlibhadra atyAre koIne oLakhato nathI. tyAMthI e vaibhAragiri upara tapa karavA cAlyo jAya che. mAtA ane batrIse patnI tyAM jAya che; kAkalUdI kare che. virakta zAlibhadra cotarapha taddana upekSA seve che. A padyagraMtha ucca prakAranI koI kavitA Apato nathI, Ama chatAM sAmAjika citra khaDuM karavA zaktimAna che ja. zAlibhadranAM batrIsa kanyAo sAthenAM lagnano prasaMga dhyAna kheMce che : Dhola DhamakkaIM ekaM nAdi, gIta dhavala gAIM savi vAdi vAjaI mAdala bhUMgala tAla, rahI batrIsa lei varamAlA rA gi turaMgama vara avasAra, kAne kuMDala motI-hAra| mastaki mukaTa sovanamai ghaDiuM, mANika motI-hAre jADau // 24 //

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 149 Agali paMca zabada vAjaMti, bhagini nAciNi nAcaMti | jhalahala rUpi jisila hu iMdu, sola kalA jisiI pUnima-caMdu rapA melAvaI vyavahArIya ghaNA, pAra na jANauM lokaha taNA vara vahulu toraNi AvIu, sAle savahu bolAvI ra6ll boli boli batrIse kahI. sAlika zloka kahaI savi rahI, vasatu vara bolaMti zloka, madhura vANi sAMbhaliyo loka rivA jItuM vari hAriuM zAliki, lAmA bhalAM sahihuM e rIti ! maeNsali dhUsara sAsU sAla, batrIse ghAlI varamAla 28|| puSpAuM bhAlI eka sAthi, batrIsaI vara vilagai hAthiT dii lADI lADAnA dhavala, lADI bApaha kanyA hala rA. curI baMdhAvI mokalI, phiraI sAyi batrIsa) valI | dIpati huI agani dhRtasAra, josI jANaI savi AcAra ||3nA vedAri carimAhi kahaI, panaravAM soDhaNa brAhmaNa lahaI li31 112 [eka avAje Dhola Dhamake che. badhI strIo vAde vAde dhavalagIto gAya che. mAdala bhUMgaLa ane tAla vagADe che. batrIse kanyAo varamALA laIne UbhI che. vara jhaDapathI ghoDA upara savAra thAya che. enA kAnamAM kuMDaLa che ane gaLAmAM motIno hAra che; mAthA upara sonAno ghaDelo muguTa che, je mANeka ane motInI merothI jaDelo che. AgalA bhAgamAM paMca vAritro vAge che, gaNikAo thanagana-thanagana nAce che. rUpamAM vara jhaLahaLatA caMdra jevo che, jevo soLa kaLAe pUrNa pUnamano caMdra hoya. tyAM ghaNA vepArIo ekaThA thayA che, loko pAra vinAnA che. vahelo vahelo vara toraNe Avyo. batrIse sALAoe varane zloka bAlovAnuM kahyuM tyAre vara zloka bolyo. e maMdhura vANI lokoe sAMbhaLI. varano vijaya thayo, sALA hAryA. sAsuoe AvI muzaLa dhoMsarI haLa ane trAkathI pokhaNa karyuM ane batrIse kanyAoe varamALa paherAvI. ekIsAthe puNyAhavAcana thayuM ane batrIse kanyAe pANigrahaNa karyuM. lADI-lADAnA dhavalagIta gavAya che.... corI baMdhAvavAmAM AvI, jyAM batrIse kanyAo sAthe pherA pharavAmAM Ave che. ghIthI agni prajvalita thAya che. jozI badhA AcAra jANe che tethI corI vacce cAre vedono pATha kare che, ane paMdara sonAmahora brAhmaNa dakSiNA tarIke meLave che.] A pachI maMgaLapherAnuM gIta gavAya che. AgaLa cAlatAM pelA vepArInA svapnagIta pachI AvatuM, ratnakaMbalane kAraNa rANI rUsaNuM le che te vizenuM gIta

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150 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 paNa rocaka koTinuM che. tevuM ja zAlibhadranA makAnamAM rAjA zreNika Ave che te vakhate kareluM zAlibhadranA makAnanuM varNana paNa dhyAna kheMce evuM che. rAjAne bhojana karAve che te vakhatanuM bhojananI vAnagIonuM varNana "varNaka prakAranuM che. A rAsamAM, Ama chatAM, uttama prakAranI kalAkRtinAM darzana thatAM nathI. namUnA tarIke nIcenuM gIta ThIka thaI paDaze : rAga dezASa raMgamAhi rAyaha kahiuM rANI velaNAdeviI ratanakaMbala liu eka tarpe arUM raDha lAgI || rANI || 1 rANI rUsaNaDauM eka ratana-kaMbala kAruNI | majha pAhi pannautaDI sAlibhadra-gharuNI | rANI | 2 rAu bhaNaI kaMbala lakhi lAbhAM AvaI kehA kAja ! lASINA gaja ghoDA lIjai tINaI kIjaI rAja || rANI || 3 rIsAvI rANI rahIya tuTaI mUla le pATA ratana-kaMbala kAraNi rAjAsituM rANI paDIu phATa || rANI || 4 jimaI nahIM bolAI nahIM volAmaNI na jAI | ratana-kaMbala kAraNi jaNa mokali vegi aNAvaI rAya || rANI || 5 avasara AvaI aratha na vecaI avasari navi varasaMti | maMtri saMgrAmasIha ima bolaI pAchAM hAtha ghasaMti rANI / 6114 sthAnavizeSa mATe jema AburAsa revaMtagirirAsu vagere che tevo ja sthAnavizeSano dhArmika dRSTie khyAla Apato bhadrezvarasUrivaMzanA koI prajJAtilakasUrino I.1307mAM koriTAvADa nAmaka gAmamAM rahI racelI eka kachUlIrAsa' maLe che. * A kachUlI (saM. sthapadri) gAma AbunI taLeTImAM acalezvara pAse AveluM che. e jainadharmanuM eka sAruM tIrtha che e batAvavAno graMthakArano uddeza che. baMdhanI dRSTie traNa juduMjude sthaLe "vastu' chaMdanI kaDIo che. "vastunI kaDI pUrve AraMbhamAM traNa kaDI 16+16+13nI doDhInI che, to pachI paNa traNa kaDI e mApanI che. enA pachI roLAnAM be caraNo bAda caraNAkulanAM cha caraNonI eka kaDI ne pachI roLAnAM be caraNa ApyAM che. tyAra pachI "jhUlaNA'nA caraNanA pahelA 20 mAtrAnA TukaDAnA 4-4 caraNovALI traNa kaDIo pachI "vastu' chaMdanI eka kaDI maLe che. A 8 doharA maLe che, jemAMnA pratyeka uttarArdhamAM samacaraNanA pahelA zabdanAM traNa Avartana maLe che. jemAMnA Avartanane cheDe geyatApUraka | jovA maLe che. ANAMnI bIjI kaDIno pUrvArdha tUTI gayo dekhAya che. zarUAtanI be kaDIomAM aMtyAnuprAsa nathI, pachI maLe che. A pachI trIjI 'vastu' chaMdanI kaDI che. A pachI

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 151 6 kaDI cokhkhA doharA che. pachInI sADA bAra kaDIonuM mApa bhraSTa che, jemAMnI chellI 8 kaDIonuM mApa soraThAnuM che, paraMtu viSama caraNomAM prAsa nathI tema samacaraNomAM paNa prAsa nathI. A rAsanI thoDI aitihAsika mahattA che, kemake AraMbhamAM agnikuMDamAMthI nIkaLelA paramAra vaMzanA rAjAnuM Abu upara rAjya hovAno, temaja vimalasahInA Adi jineMdra ane acalezvarano nirdeza che. A uparAMta keTalAka zreSThIo ane AcAryonAM nAma paNa AvyAM che, eka prasaMganAM varSa paNa noMdhAyAM che. paramAra dhaMdha ane "caDAvali' (saM. vandrAvatI nagarIno nirdeza paNa thayo che. kAvyanI dRSTie kazuM ja maLatuM nathI; sArI zabdAvalI jarUra dhyAna kheMcyA kare che. A pachI thoDA samayamAM racAyelo, chaMda-geyatA-itihAsa-bhASA Adi tattvo jALavato nivRttigacchanA pArthasUrinA ziSya aMbadevasUrino pATaNanA saMghapati samarasiMhanI saMghayAtrAnuM varNana Apato samarorAsu che, jemAM I.131pasaM.1371)nA caitra vadi sAtamane divase saMgha aNahilapuramAM pAcho AvI gayAnuM kAvyAMte noMdhAyuM che. Ane laI samarasiMha sAthe saMghamAM gayelAM aMbadevasUrie aNahilapura pATaNa AvyA pachI taratamAM ja A rAsa racyo hovA vize zaMkA nathI. turiya ghATa taravariya tahi samarau karAM pravesu . aNahilapura vaddhAmaNau e abhinavuM e abhinavu e abhinavuM puna nivAso | 8 || saMvacchari ikkatattarae thApila risaha-jigaMdo! caitra vadi sAtami pahuta ghare naMdau e naMdI e naMdau jA ravicaMdo ||9|| pAsaDasUrihi gaNataraha neUagaccha -nivAso tasu sIsihiM aMbadevasUrihiM raciyau e raciya e raciyau samarArAso! ehu rAsa jo paDhaI guNaI nAciu jiNahari dei. zravaNa suNaI so bayaThau e tIratha e tIratha e tIratha jAtraphalu laI | 105 baMdhanI dRSTie A rAsamAM tera "bhAsa' maLe che, jemAMnI moTAbhAganI enI geyatAnI dRSTie noMdhavA jevI che : bhAsa 1 : soraThAnA mApanI 10 kaDI che, eka ekI caraNonA prAsane badale bekI caraNonA prAsa meLavavAmAM AvyA che. bhAsa 2 : doharAnI 12 kaDI che, jemAM dareka ardhane aMte "ta' geyatA mATe mUkelo che.

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152 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 bhAsa 3 : 'roLA'nAM 14 aDadhiyAM che. bhAsa 4 : bevaDA soraThAnI 6 kaDI che, jemAM pratyeka ardhanA pahelA zabda pachI ' evoja dareka uttarArdha ne cheDe " geyatAvAcaka mukAyela che. bhAsa 5 : 'roLA'nI sADAsAta kaDI che. bhAsa 6 : 'jhUlaNA'nA caraNanI prathamanI 20 mAtrAvALA TukaDAnI 7 kaDI. bhAsa 7 : roLA'nI pa kaDI. bhAsa 8 : 10 'dvipadI'. . bhAsa 9 : zuddha 'jhUlaNA' chaMdanI 9 kaDI. bhAsa 10 : doharAnI 12 kaDI, jemAM pratyeka ekI caraNa pachI mAdaMtaDe' ane bekI caraNa pachI 'sunA suMvare ane e ja bekI caraNanI punarAvRtti. geyatAnA saudaryano A jAtanA AvartanathI tarata khyAla Ave che. bhAsa 11 : mAtrA 16+16+13nI doDhInI sADA 6 kaDI che. bhAsa 12 : ekI-bekI koI paNa caraNamAM prAsa nahi tevI 6 tripadI athavA 3 ardhavALI 6 kaDI.. bhAsa 13 : kabUlIrAsamAM je prakAranA dohA 8 maLe che te prakAramAM uttarArdhamAM bekI caraNanA pahelA zabdanuM rU sAthe Avartana.1 Ama geyatAnI dRSTie prathama vAra ja sauMdarya enI traNa 'bhAsA'omAM to UDIne AMkhe vaLage che. A aitihyamUlaka rAsano nAyaka samarasiMha nAmano osavALa vaNika che. osavALa jJAtinA vesaTanA kulamAM salakhaNa, eno AjaDa, eno gosala, enA traNa putro : Asadhara desala ane lUNau. A kuLa pAlaNapuramAM raheluM. emAMthI desala aNahilapura pATaNa jaIne vasyo. enA traNa putro te sahajo sAhaNa ane amarasiMha. A amarasiMha e samayanI muslima sattA nIce pATaNamAM UMco hoddo dharAvato hato. e samaye allAuddInanA saradAra alapakhAnanA hAthamAM A pradeza hato. I.1300-1304mAM muslima sattAe pATaNa sara karI potAnuM saMpUrNa Adhipatya sthApI dIdhuM hatuM. samayanA prabhAve uttama tIrthone bhAMgI nAkhavAmAM AvyAM hatAM.1 zrAvakonI kAkalUdIthI e vakhatanA hAkema alapakhAne keTalIka saraLatA karI ApI hatI ane e baLa upara samarasiMhe zatruMjaya uparanA AdinAthanA maMdirano jIrNoddhAra karyo hato. kavie pahelI bhAsamAM samarasiMhanA pUrvajono khyAla Apyo che. ema karatAM tIrthoddhAraka pAMDavo, jAhaDa ane bAhaDa(vAgbhaTTa)no nirdeza karI pachI tarata samarasiMhano ullekha kare che.118 kavi noMdhe che ke - 117 - hivapuH navI ya ja vAta jiNi dihADai dohilae| khattiya khaggu na liMti sAhasiyaha sAhasu galae // 6 //

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 153 tiNi diNa vinuM dikhAu samarasihI jiNadharmovaNi / tasu guNa karauM udyou ji aMdhAraI phaTikamaNi AzA saraNi abhiya taNI ya jiNi vahagAvI marumaMDalihiM kiu kRtajuga-avatAru kalijuga jIta bAhubale i819 A navAInI vAta che ke A evo samaya hato jyAre AkarA samaye kSatriyo hathiyAra dhAraNa karI zakatA nahotA ane sAhasikonAM sAhasa gaLI jatAM hatAM. AvA samaye jinadharmarUpI vanamAM samarasiMhe divasa ajavALyo. A e samarasiMhanA guNa, aMdhArAmAM sphaTikamaNinA jevA, huM prakAzita karuM che. jeNe marumaMDalamAM amRtanAM jharaNAM vahAvyAM, kaliyugamAM satyayugano avatAra karyo ane bAhubalibharatanA nAnA bhAIne guNomAM) harAvI dIdho. bIjI bhAsamAM pAlaNapura nagarInuM varNana TUMkamAM karI, e samaye pAlaNapuramAM thaI gayelA upakezagacchanA AcAryonI TUMkI vaMzAvaLI Ape che. e gacchanA ratnaprabhasUri, enA lakSadevasUri, jemano yaza haMsano veza dhAraNa karI gaMgAnA jalamAM kIDA karI rahyo che. 20 emanA kakkasUri, emanA siddhasUri, emanA devaguptasUri, ane emanA siddhasUri.' A ja sthaLe upakezavaMzanA mULa puruSa vesaTano vaMza gaNAvyo che. bIjI bhAsamAM desalanA traNa putronA janma vize gosalasuta desala aNahilapura pATaNamAM AvIne vasyAnuM kahyuM che. ahIM saMkSepamAM pATaNanuM varNana karI sahastraliMgano paNa ullekha karI le che : AvA kIrtistaMbhanI jANe ke iMdra mAgaNI karI rahyo che. A nagaramAM pAtasAha sulatAnano pratinidhi alapakhAna rAjya karI rahyo che, je hiMdu lokonuM mAna sArI rIte sAcavato hato. A e alapakhAnanI nokarImAM samarasiMha hato. mIra mAliko ene samartha gaNI samAnatA hatA. samarasiMhano moTo bhAI sahaja dakSiNadezamAM devagirimAM dharmamaya vepAramAM rokAyelo hato; nAno bhAI sAhaNa khaMbhAta jaI rahyo hato. cothI bhAsamAM, samarasiMha khAnakhAnA(alapakhAna) pAse gayo ane hiMduonI yAtrA bhAMgI paDI che tene cAlatI karavAnuM mAgatAM alapakhAne mIThI najara karI tIrthoddhAra karavAne pharamAna kADhI ApyuM. pAMcamI bhAsamAM samarasiMhanA pitA desanI A samAcArathI prasannatA kahIne eNe siddhasUrine zatruMjaya tIrthano uddhAra karavAnI vinaMti karI e sAdhunI mAgaNI karI, madana paMDita sarakArI hukama laI ArAsaNa gayo, jyAM mahipAladeva rANo rAjya karato hato. enA maMtrI pAtA sAthe nIkaLI madana paMDita kherALu ane bhAMDu sudhI pharIne jIrNoddhAra mATeno phALo ekaTho kare che, ane e phALo pAlItANA pahoMce che. chaThThI bhAsamAM saMgha yAtrA mATe taiyAra thAya che. guru

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154 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 siddhasUrie saMghapati samarasiMha upara vAsakSepa karyo, kalpataru amRtanuM siMcana kare tenI jema. sAtamI bhAsamAM saMgha yAtrA karatokarato AgaLa vadhe che. tyAM saMghapati desalanI AgevAnI hovAnuM kavi noMdhe che. saMghamAM bIjA paNa zreSThIo che, jenAM nAma kavi gaNAve che. serIsA, sarakheja, dhoLakA, dhaMdhukA, loliyANA thaI pipalAlImAM nemijinano utsava karyo. AThamI bhAsamAM vimalagiri(zaMtrujaya)nAM darzana kare che ane pAlItANAmAM praveza kare che. tyAM marudevIne namana karI, jinabiMbonI pUjA karI kapardI yakSane namana kare che.123 navamI bhAsamAM saMgha zaMtrujaya parvata upara caDe che enuM jhUlaNAnI 9 kaDImAM kavi sumadhura varNana kare che H calau calau sahiyaDe setruja caDiya e, Adi jiNa-patrITha amDi joisauM e mANike motIe caku sura pUrai, ratanamai vehi sovana azoka vRkSa anu Amra pallava-dalihiM, ritupate raciyale toraNa mAla ||1||124 javAra / [he sakhIo, cAlo cAlo; zatruMjaya upara caDIe. AdinAthanI pratiSThA thAya che enAM darzana karIzuM. mAgha sudi caudasane divase tyAM aneka saMgho nirvighne AvI pahoMcyA che. devo mANeka ane motIthI coka pUrI rahyA che. sonerI jvArA ratnamaya pAtromAM vavAI rahyA che. vasaMtaRtue azokavRkSa ane AMbAnAM pAMdaDAMnI toraNamALA racI ApI che.] 126 I.1315mAM samarasiMhe A tIrthano uddhAra karyo.125 tyAMthI pachI saurASTranAM bIjAM tIrthadhAmomAM saMgha nIkaLyo enuM varNana eka suMdara dezInI 12 kaDIomAM kavie ApyuM che. saurASTramAM AgaLa prathama cAvaMDa ('cauMDa'), tyAMthI amarelI; tyAMthI AgaLa vadhatAM saMgha jUnAgaDha (gaDha jUnai') pahoMcyo. tyAMno mahipAladeva sAmo Avyo. mahipAla ane samarasiMha sAmasAmA bheTyA, jANe ke caMdra ane goviMda bheTyA na hoya! tyAMthI tejalapura thaI vaMthaLInI caityaprapATI patAvI Ujila= giranAranI taLeTInA gaDhamAM AvI pachI pahADa upara javA AgaLa vadhyA, jyAM pAMcamA hira dAmodara ane kAlamegha kSetrapAlanI pAsethI suvarNarekhA nadI vahe che ane vRkSo jhUkI rahyAM che tyAMthI pasAra thayA. ema karatAM pAja caDatAMcaDatAM jaina uparakoTanA tIrthaMkaronI pUjA karI aMbAjI sudhI pahoMcyA. agiyAramA bhAsamAM, vasaMtaRtuno AnaMda letAMletAM UtarIne AgaLa vadhatAM devapATaNa (somanAtha pATaNa) AvyA. TheraThera mukAma kare che tyAM gAnatAna vagere thAya che. mANase mANasanAM haiyAM daLAya che.127 ahIM AvI somanAthanAM darzana karyAM; kapardI yakSanA bAraNethI

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 155 samudranAM darzana karyA; ane pachI caMdraprabhanA derAsaramAM AvI namana karyuM, somanAthane dhvajA caDAvI ane tyAMthI dIva tarapha saMgha cAlyo. koDInAranI devI aMbikAnAM aMbArAmAM darzana karI dIva najIka dariyAkAMThe AvyA tyAM saMghano satkAra karavA dIvanareza Avyo. tyAMthI vimAna jevA vahANomAM besI saMgha dIvamAM gayo. tyAM kumAravihAramAM tIrthakaronAM darzana karyA, veNI-vaccharAjanAM darzana karyA. tyAMthI saMgha pAcho pharI zatruMjaya AvI pahoMcyo e hakIkata teramI bhAsamAM maLe che. A bhAsa paNa doharAnI geya dezIno suMdara namUno che. tyAMthI samarasiMha saMghane laI gujarAtamAM praveza karatAM pipalAlI ane loliyANe thaI rANapura vaDhavANa karIragAma ane mAMDalanI yAtrA karI saMkhesara tIrthamAM Avyo. tyAM khUba satkAra pAmI samarasiMha aNahilapura pATaNa AvI pahoMcyo. kavinI zabdAvali jema madhura che tema yathAsthAna yathAprasaMga prayojAyelA upamA jevA arthAlaMkAra paNa madhura che. vizeSamAM e gujarAtasaurASTranI thoDI bhUgoLa ane samakAlIna itihAsanAM prasiddha pAtro, samakAlIna zreSThIo Adine noMdhI Ape che, eTaluM ja nahi, prasaMgavazAt arabI-phArasI zabdono paNa upayoga karI le che. 28 A rAsamAM lakuTArasano paNa ullekha che,129 to eka mahattvano ullekha "dAmodara hari paMcamauno che. A pUrve "revaMtagirirAsumAM paNa jUnAgaDhanA dAmodara kuMDa uparanA dAmodararAya viSNuno ullekha thayelo che. A baMne jaina ullekho noMdhapAtra e mATe che ke badarInAtha jagannAtha pAMDuraMgaviThThalanAtha ane dvArakAdhIza - A cAra vaiSNavatIrthonA cAra viSNuonA jeTaluM ja mAhAsya jUnAgaDhanA dAmodarakuMDa uparanA "dAmodara'nuM che, jene pelA cAra hari uparAMtanA pAMcamAM hari tarIke kahyA che. 30 lagabhaga 'samarArAsunA prakArano kahI zakAya tevo eka pethaDarAsa jANavAmAM Avyo che, je apUrNa hoI kyAre racAyo ane koNe kyAM che e jANI zakAtuM nathI. AmAM pATaNa najIka saMDeranA poravADa pethaDazAhanI saMghayAtrAnuM varNana ApavAmAM AvyuM che. kAvyabaMdhanI dRSTie AmAM paNa keTaluMka nAvInya maLe che. pahelo khaMDa 23 kaDIono prAstAvika rUpano che. temAM aneka prakAranA chaMda prayojAyelA che. pahelI kaDI roLAnI, rathI 7 "doharAnI', 111 copAI, 12mI paddhaDI, 13thI 15 trIso savaiyo, 16-17 A pUrve jANItA 16+16-13nI doDhI, raramI paNa evI ja; A sivAyanI kaDIonAM mApa bhinnabhinna che. nAnAnAnA chaMdomAM A kaDIo racAyelI che. gAvAnI dRSTie koI viziSTa vaividhya sAcavavA kadAca A prayoga hoya. 24mI kaDInA AraMbhamAM laDhaNa' zabda che te pUrvanA khaMDathI geyatAnI dRSTie bhinnatA batAvavA hovAnI saMbhAvanA che. 24thI 41no bIjo khaMDa saMghanI yAtrAnAM sthAnono khyAla Ape che. te "soraThAnA mApanI kaDIo koIkoI ardhane aMte

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156 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 geyatAvAcaka Apato, eka caraNone badale moTe bhAge bekI caraNone aMte prAsa Apato. kvacit 27, 31, 36, 41 e kaDIo traNatraNa ardhavALI Apato jovA maLe che. 40thI 51nI kaDIo kalIrAsa' ane 'samarArAsumAMnA doharAnA uttarArdhanA bekI caraNanA prathama zabdanA : kAravALAM traNa Avartana ApatI dezI che. parathI 6 kaDIono khaMDa khUba aniyamita mApanI paMktiono che, jemAM 60 61-6 2 e kaDI 6 ardha ra ardha ane 5 ardhanI che; AvuM kema haze e samajAtuM nathI. 63mI kaDIthI 6sudhIno kahI zakAya te khaMDa 'tahiM nacina e mahilaDI e lalA gIya girinAre evI dhruvapaMkti jALavatuM spaSTa gIta che. 70mI kaDIthI doharAnuM mApa zarU thAya che, jemAM eka caraNa pachI 'harIyAtI sUDI ?' ane bekI caraNa pachI "manInI sUDI re jevAM dhruvapada che. eka ja ardha ApI A suMdara dezI gIta tUTe che. kAvya apUrNa rahe che. A apUrNa rAsamAM chellI bahariyAlAnI dezInI pUrvanA arthamAM maMDalika ema kahe evuM vAkya Ave che eTale pralobhana thAya, paraMtu 6 ramI kaDInA AraMbhamAM "maMDalike tyAM vAsa mAMDaco'32 evuM vAkya hoI e maMDalika soraTha dezano rAjavI spaSTa che. paraMtu 61mI kaDInA chellA copAIghATanA TukaDAomAM che. zreSTha kavi gaDhavI kheMgAra kahe che e arthanuM vAkya maLe che.13 AsapAsanI saMgati meLavatAM A gaDhavI kheMgAra' graMthakAranI chApa hoya ema kahI zakAya che. kavi pahelAMno "ayanara' zabda aspaSTa che, eTalI saMdigdhatA rahe che. kAvyavastunI dRSTie jotAM - poravADa kuLamAMnA vardhamAnanA kuLamAMnA cADasInA kuLamAM patha vagere putro thayA hatA. eNe pATa besIne narasIha(narasiMha) ratana vagere sAta bhAIone bolAvI maMtraNA karI, ane saMgha kADhavAnuM nakkI karyuM. ane saMghanI dekhabhALanuM kAma narasIhane sopyuM ane saMghamAM bhAga levA mATe dezadezAvaramAM kaMkotarIo mokalavAmAM AvI. pachI rAmata nAmano bhAI pATaNa gayo ane tyAMthI karNa narezvara(karNa vAghelA)nI saMgha kADhavAnI paravAnagI laI Avyo. A samAcAra maLatAM lokone khUba ja AnaMda thayo. loko utsavo ujavavA mAMDyA, derAsaramAM rAsa ramAvA lAgyA, "lakuTArasa (dAMDiyArasarAsa) khelAvA lAgyA, ane pachI phAgaNa sudi pAMcamane divase saMghe prayANa karyuM. AmAM saMghavI sohaDadeve paNa sAtha Apyo. dase dizAnA saMghe muhurta pachI phAgaNa suda dasamane divase nIkaLIne piluyANA prathama mukAma karI pachI DAbhala nagaramAM jaI rahyAM. tyAM karNarAjAe saMmAna karyuM. * tyAM devAlA mayagalapara, nAgalapura, pethAvADa(jyAM maMDaNadevanI mulAkAta thaI. sIkara, jaMbu, bhaDaku, rANapura, loliyANapura, pipalAI jaI pahoMcyA, jyAMthI zatruMjaya AsapAsa DuMgaro dekhAvA lAgyA. have tyAMthI pAlItANe saMgha pahoMcyo. tyAMnAM jinAlayomAM utsAhathI aneka prakAranA utsava karyA pachI rUpAvaTI, selaDiyA, amarelI, vikiyANA

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 157 thaI 'visama giri' vaTAvyo, ane tejalapura(jUnAgaDha pAse) AvyAM, jyAM soraTha dezanA rAjavI maMDalike vAsa karyo che. ahIM garavA giranAranAM darzana thayAM; tyAM ja dAmoda2 deva ane suvarNarekhA nadI paNa kAlamegha kSetrapAlanA darzana karI maMtrI bAhaDe karAvelI pApagathI)thI DuMgara upara caDI neminAthanAM darzana karyAM. ahIM mahApUjA vagare sAdhavAmAM AvyAM. ahIM aMbAjIe AzA pUrI. tyAMthI jagannAthanAM darzana karI, somanAtha pATaNamAM somanAtha ane caMdraprabha tIrthaMkaranAM darzana karI jUnAgaDha pAchA AvyA tyAre rA'mAMDalike kahyuM ke have tame jAo, rahezo nahi...' ahIM rAsa tUTe che. pethaDazAha karNa vAghelA ane eka mAMDalikano samakAlIna hato35 eTaluM A rAsathI spaSTa thAya che, ane tethI saMghayAtrAno samaya paNa saM.1356 (I.1300)nAM be varSa pUrvano ja dekhAya che. paraMtu rAsa'mAM prayojAyelA DhALonA vaividhyathI ema lAge che ke 'samarArAsu'nA racanAsamayanI AsapAsa, bahu to pAMca-sAta varSamAM ja, A rAsa racAyo hoya. bhASAnI dRSTie A rAsa e rIte dhyAna kheMce che ke emAM marAThI prakAranAM rUpa graMthakAre prayojyAM che.136 kavi pAse zabdAvalI uparAMta upamA jevA sAdA alaMkAra che. 'samarArAsu' ane pethaDarAsa' saMghapationI saMghayAtrAnA hatA, A rIte AcAryonA paTTAbhiSekane paNa keMdramAM rAkhI 'rAsa' racAyA che. Avo eka rAsa I.nI 13mI zatAbdInI bIjI pacIzImAM thayo hato tevo jinacaMdrasUrinA ziSya dharmakuzala nAmanA sAdhuno racelo jinakuzalasUri-paTTAbhiSekAsa' che. kavinA A gurubhAI thatA lAge che. AraMbhamAM te jinacaMdrasUrine name che.137 ADatrIsa kaDIonA A nAnA rAsamAM kaDIo 7, 22, 31 e traNa 'dhAta'(prA. dhRttA ) mathALe zuddha 'vastu chaMda'nI che, jyAre 1 thI 7 roLA'nI, 8thI 21 doharA'nI moTe bhAge dareka ardhanA AraMbhe te geyatAvAcaka dharAvatI; 23 thI 30 (saMkhyAnI dRSTie to cokhkhI 11 che, jemAM dareka ardhanA prathama zabda pachI 6 geyatAvAcaka ane prAsa bekI caraNonA; kaDI 32 thI 38 soraTho ja, paraMtu AnA paNa prAsa bekI caraNonA; A jAtanI mAMDaNI che. kathAvastu mAtra caMdragacchanA zrIjinakuzalasUrine AcAryapade besADyAnA utsavanuM che. pahelA khaMDamAM jinakuzalasUrinI guru peDhI gaNAvavAmAM AvI che. mukhya puruSa te jinezvarasUri, je pATaNamAM hatA ane caulukya durlabharAjane potAnA prabhAve prasanna karyA hatA; emanA pachI eka pachI eka ` jinacaMdrasUri, abhayadevasUri, jinavallabhasUri, jinadattasUri, jinacaMdrasUri, jinapatisUri, jinezvarasUri, jinaprabodhasUri ane jinacaMdrasUri thayA. A jinacaMdrasUrie dilhInA sulatAna kutubuddinanI prasannatA169 meLavI hatI. bIjA khaMDamAM jaNAvyA pramANe jinacaMdrasUri svarge sIdhAvyAM te pUrve dilhI (hitttiya)mAM emaNe jayavallabhagaNine teDAvyA ane 138

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158 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 e maMtraNAne aMte pATaNa vijayasiMha Thakkara pAse AvyA. ahIM saMgha ekaTho maLyo ane osavALa kuLanA tejapALa ane rudrapALe rAjeMdracaMdrasUri ane samudra upAdhyAya sAthe suleha karI jinakuzalasUrinA paTTAbhiSekanuM vicArI lIdhuM. dezadezAvara kaMkotarIo mokalavAmAM AvI. aNahilavADa pATaNanA bIjA gRhasthono paNa sAtha maLyo. trIjA khaMDamAM paTTAbhiSeka apAyo che ane cothA khaMDamAM jinakuzalasUrinI prazasti gAI che. graMthakAra kvacit upamA jevA sAdA alaMkAra prayojI le che : jogirAu jiNadattasUri udiyau sahasakka| jANa joiNiya duhRdeviya kiMkarakarlR / rUpavaMtu paccakkha maNu jaNa-nayaNANaMdu..4|| ...caMdakulanahi caMdakulanihi tavai jima bhANu / nANa-kiraNa-ujjoyakaru, bhatiya-kamalapaDiboha-kAraNu / kugRha-gaha-macchinna-paha-koha-loha-tamahara paNAsa....|| ...ghaNu jima e ghaNuM varasaMtu... nANa // 24 // jima ugai ravi-biMba viharapu hoi paMthiaha kuli / jaNa-maNa-nayaNANaMdu tima dIThaI guru-muhakamali || 34||141 *** yogirAja jiNadattasUrirUpI) sUryano udaya thayo, jeNe jJAna ane dhyAnathI jogaNIo ane duSTa devIone dAsIo banAvI nAkhI. manuSyonAM nayanone AnaMda ApanAra rUpadhArI pratyakSa kAmadeva... caMdrakulanA nidhi, sUryanI jema prakAzI rahyA che te, jJAnarUpI kiraNono prakAza karanArA ane bhavya jano(zrAvako)rUpI kamalane praphulla karatA, kugraharUpI grAha-mithyAmArga-krodhalobharUpI aMdhakArano nAza karanA......meghanI jema ghaNuM varasatA... je pramANe sUryano udaya thatAM pathikonA samUhone AnaMda thAya che te pramANa gurunA mukhakamaLanAM darzana thatAM manuSyonAM mana ane nayanone AnaMda thaI rahyo che.] purogAmIonI jema uttama zabdAvalIono A graMthakAra pAse paNa kAbU che ja. paTTAbhiSeka I.1321mAM thayelo hoI e pachInA koI varSamAM A rAsanI racanA thaI che. uparanA jinakuzalasUrinI pATe emanA ziSya jinapadmasUri AvyA e prasaMgane keMdramAM rAkhIne, jinacaMdrasUrinA ziSya somamUrti muni(sAramukti muzi')e 'jinapadmasUripaTTAbhiSeka rAsa'nI racanA karI che.42 pUrvanA rAsanuM ja eka prakAranuM A adaloadala anukaraNa che. chaMdanI dRSTie kaDI 1 thI 6 'roLAnI pachI 'dhA' mathALe vastu chaMdanI 1 kaDI, eno bIjo khaMDa 7 thI 18 kaDIono, pachI pAchI pattA nIce vastu chaMdanI 1 kaDI, ane trIjo khaMDa 20 thI 29 kaDIono 'soraThA'mAM che, paraMtu badhI kaDIomAM ekI caraNonA prAsa nathI meLavyA, kvacit bekI caraNonA meLavI

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rAsa ane zagu sAhitya 159 lIdhA che. zarUnA khaMDamAM mahAvIra, sudharmA svAmI, jaMbu svAmI, prabhavasUri, AryabhUti, yazobhadra, bhadrabAhu, sthUlibhadra evI paraMparAnuM mUla ApI vardhamAnasUri, enA jinezvarasUrithI jinakuzalasUri sudhInI (juo A pUrve jinakuzalasUripaTTAbhiSekarAsa.') vaMzAvaLI ApI che. A jinakuzalasUri derApura gAmamAM AvyA. have siMdhu dezanA rANaka nagarano rIhaDa kuLano pUnacaMda nAmano zrAvaka paNa e samaye derApuramAM Avyo hato. eNe jinapadrasUrinA paTTAbhiSeka mATe taruNaprabhAcArya pAse AjJA mAgI ane kaMkotarIo dezadezAvara mokalavAmAM AvI. e pachI moTI dhAmadhUmathI khImaDa kuLanA lakSmadharanA putra AMbA zAhane enI kIkI nAmanI patnIthI rAjahaMsa nAmano putra thayelo teno padmasUri nAmakaraNathI paTTAbhiSeka karavAmAM Avyo. A samaye te saM.1389 (I.1333)nA jeTha sudi chaThTha ane somavAra. kavi cAlu zabdapraNAlIno samAdara karato thoDA ja alaMkAra ApI le che : abhiya sarisa jiNapadamasUri-pacyaThavaNaha rAsuI savarNajala tuNDi piyau bhaviya, lahu siddhi hi tAsu |1|| ..jema dinamaNi jema dinamaNi dharaNi payaDeya ! tava teya dikhaMta tema sUri-maudde jisakuzala gaNaharu..INA jima tArAyaNi caMdu, sahasa nayaNa uttama surahA ciMtAmaNi rayaNAha, tima suhaguru guruzmau guNaha ra6/1 [amRtanA jevo jinapadrasUrinA padasthApanano rAsa, he bhavyajano, zravaNAMjalimAM pIo ane emAMthI siddhi pAmo.. je pramANe sUrya dharatI upara pragaTa thAya te pramANe tapanA tejathI dIpatA, sUrionA mugaTarUpa jinakuzalasUri..... jevo tArAgaNamAM caMdra uttama che, devomAM jevo hajAra netravALo iMdra che, ratnomAM jevo ciMtAmaNi uttama che, guruonA samUhamAM jinapadmasUri tevA uttama che.] paTTAbhiSeka I.1333mAM hoI e pachI najIkanA samayamAM somamUrtie A kRti racI haze. jinapadmasUrinA dAdA guru jinacaMdrasUrine kavi namaskAra karato hoI sArI evI prauDha vaye A rAsa somamUrti munie racyo hovAnI saMbhAvanA che. jagaDUcarita (saM) kAvyanA kartA dhanaprabhasUriziSya sarvAnaMdasUrinI hoya tevI eka kRti "maMgalakalazacarita' nAmanI jANavAmAM AvI che. bezaka A padyakRtimAM gurunuM nAma maLatuM nathI.45 A caritakArano samaya I.sa.nI 15mI zatAbdIno pUrvArdha jANavAmAM Avyo che,41 ane emano AbunI taLeTImAM AvelA kachUlI gAma sAthe paNa kAMIka saMbaMdha hoya ema jaNAya che." A nAnuM 135 kaDIonuM geyakAvya che, jemAM bhinna rAgo paNa yathAsthAna batAvAyA che. enI kaDIonI phALavaNI A

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160 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 pramANe che : vastuchaMda : 1, 15, 43, 71-74, 116 doharA : 2-3, sAmerI rAga mathALe 16-18, 32-34, 56.60, 80-83, rAga devasASa' 90-94 (pratyeka kaDIne aMte "sAra kayo sathALa vALI kaDInuM Avartana).. troTaka : 99-10dhavala' mathALe 125-130 ranIyAmaUT0 nA AvartanathI copAI : pa-14, 19-31, 3pa-41, 44-45, 75-79, 84-89, 9pa98, 101-115,117,124, 131-132, * geya pada : vIvAhalau nIce 6 1mI dhruvA ane ane 62-70 (cAre sarakhAM caraNa), 'vasaMta rAga nIce. (savaiyAnI dezI jevI) 133-135 kathAnaka nAnuM paNa rocaka che : ujeNInagarImAM vayarasiMdhu nAmano rAjA rAjya karato hato tyAre tyAM ratanasAra nAmano eka zeTha hato. ane satyabhAmA nAmanI patnI hatI. eka divase e ciMtAmAM beThI hatI tyAre zeThe jaI ciMtAnuM kAraNa pUchatAM patnIe kahyuM ke ApaNI pAchaLa koI vArasa nathI, tyAre ratanasAre kahyuM ke vAta puNyane adhIna che. ane baMnee jinapUjana karavA mAMDyuM, pariNAme maMgalakalaza' nAmano putra janmyo. jarA moTo thaye rU5 ane guNathI saMpanna e putra kumAravADImAM phUlano kaMraDiyo bharI nIkaLato hato tyAM devavANI thaI ke tAro rAjakumArI sAthe lagnasaMbaMdha thaze. bIje ane trIje divase paNa vADImAM evI ja devavANI eNe sAMbhaLI. AthI ene thayuM ke huM pitAne vAta karuM. paraMtu tyAM to bhAre vA-vaMToLa UThyo ane emAM e bhUlo paDyo ane jaMgalamAM ekalo rakhaDavA lAgyo. tyAMthI eka sarovarane kAMThe Avyo tyAM hAthapaga dhoI AgaLa jovA mATe vRkSa upara caDyo tyAMthI ene dUra saLagato agni dekhAyo. tyAM jatAM mAlUma paDyuM ke e caMpApuranA rAjAnA maMtrInI chAvaNI hatI. ekalA AvI caDelA A kumArane maMtrI potAne ghera laI jAya che, jyAM enI sArI rIte khAtara-baradAsta karavAmAM Ave che. ene navAI lAge che, paraMtu maMtrI khulAso kare che ke, A nagaramAM rAjAnI kuMvarInAM lagna mArA putra sAthe karavAnAM che, paNa e koDhiyo che ane mArI IcchA che ke ene sthAne vara tarIke tane rajU karuM.' maMgalakalaze A sAme pUro aNagamo batAvyo, paraMtu maMtrIe sakhata dhAkadhamakI ApI, pariNAme maMgalakalazanAM caMpApuranI rAjakumArI railokyasuMdarI sAthe lagna thayAM. rAjAe kuMvarIne moTo dAyajo Apyo, to maMgalakalazane paNa ghoDA vagere ApyA. jAna ghera AvatAM maMtrIe maMgalakalazane rAjAe ApelI cIjavastuo ane ghoDA sAthe hAMkI kADhyo. maMgalakalazanAM mAbApe to ghaNA divasa thaI javAne kAraNe marelo mAnI lIdhelo, paNa tyAM to potAne maLelI

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rAsa ane phugu sAhitya 16 1 paherAmaNI vagere sAthe e mAbApane jaI maLyo. bIjI bAju vaLatI savAre maMtrIe ALa caDAvyuM ke rAjakumArIe kAMI karI mUkyuM ane rAtrimAM mAro putra koDhiyo thaI gayo. ema karI ene kADhI mUkI. rAjakumArI pitAne tyAM gaI. ene aNamAnItI gaNI mALInA makAnanI pAchaLa rahevAnI pharaja pADavAmAM AvI. kuMvarI kaMTALI gaI eTale pitAnI rajA laI patinI bhALa meLavavA puruSaveze ujeNI nagarI tarapha gaI. rAjAe sabaLa sainya sAthe zelatane sAthe mokalyo. ujeNImAM AvatAM tyAMnA rAjAe eno satkAra karI puruSavezamAM rahelI kuMvarIne mahemAna tarIke rAkhI. kuMvarI bhADAnuM makAna rAkhI emAM rahevA lAgI. tyAM zeThane tyAMnAM pAMca ghoDAone pANI pAvAne laI javAtA joyA eTale khAtarI thaI. tethI pachI jANI lIdhuM ke e zeThanA putranuM nAma maMgalakalaza che. ethI eNe bhojanane mATe maMgalakalazane nimaMtraNa mokalyuM. maMgalakalazano kuMvarIe sAro satkAra karyo. parasparanI vAtomAMthI khAtarI thaI ane rAjakumArI patine ghera AvI. ratanasAra zeThane paNa ghaNo AnaMda thayo. zeThe A vadhAmaNI caMpApura mokalI. A sAMbhaLI rAjA surasuMdarane ghaNo AnaMda thayo. eNe varavadhUne caMpApura AvavA nimaMtraNa mokalyuM. ujeNInA rAjA vayarasiMghe varavadhUne vidAya ApI ane baMne caMpApura gayAM. tyAM rAjAe satkAra karyo. sAcI vAta jANI javAthI rAjAe maMtrIne dezanikAla karyo ane maMgalakalazane caMpApuranuM rAjya sopyuM. * nAnuM paNa A eka kathAkAvya che ane kavie prasaMgone bahalAvavAne ThIkaThIka prayatna karyo che. jaMgalamAMnA tophAnanuM varNana karatAM : 'cihuM dizi dAvAnala parajalaI sUyara saMvara savi khalabhalaI | ghuraharatA jima AvaI rIcha jANe jamaha taNA e bhIMcha || 22 maMDaI pheru jihA hiMkAra vAgha-siMha-cittaka huMkAra.. || 23 // [cAre dizAmAM dAvAnala saLage che. Dukkaro ane sAbara sau khaLabhaLI UThyAM che. ghUrakAM karatAM rIMcha Ave che te jANe ke yamanA dUta na hoya. ziyALa jyAM cIso pADI rahI che, vAgha siMha ane cittA huMkAra karI rahyA che.] caMpApuramAM maMgalakalazanA railokyasuMdarI rAjakumArI sAthe lagna thAya che te prasaMga paNa sUcaka rIte mukAyo che, jemAM lagnanA rItarivAjono paNa kavi saMkSepamAM khyAla ApI de che. lADInA varNanamAM : lADIya jima tarUara velaDI e mukhi parimala bahakaI kevaDI e...... / 68 Ill [[lADI taruvaranI vela jevI che; moDhA upara kevaDAno parimala baheka baheka thAya che.) kuMvarI para ALa caDAvI maMtrI ene gharamAMthI kADhI mUke che tyAranuM kuMvarInuM

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16 2 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 karuNa gIta "rAga devasAkhImAM mukAyuM che : rAga devarAja valaha-virahi viyAkuli virahaNi vArovArA thoDaI jali jima mAchalI deha dahaI apAra INCOI sAra karayo saI dhaNI, ta-- viNa ramaNa na jAIta vihAlAnA viyogathI vyAkula thayelIno thoDA pANImAM rahelI mAchalInI jema deha jALajALa baLI rahyo che. huM mArA pati, mane sAra karajo. tamArA vinA rAtri pasAra thatI nathI....] AvAM vadhu udAharaNa AlaMkArika svarUpanAM paNa che. A rIte mAtra sAdI kathA na kahetAM kathAne kAvyano opa Apyo che. caudamI zatAbdInA aMtabhAgamAM AgamagacchanA hemavimalasUri-lAvaNyaratnanA ziSya vijayabhadrano racelo kamalArAsa jANavAmAM Avyo che. mAtra 45 kaDIonI A nAnI racanA che ane geyatAnA vaividhyavALI sAta 'DhAlamAM phaMTAyelI che. doharA ane savaiyAnA rAhanI dezanA tUTaka prakAramAM chUTI paDatI kaDInAM chellAM caraNone pachInI kaDIomAM sAMkaLIbaMdhathI sAMkaLavAmAM AvelAM pakaDAya che. bharatezvarabAhubalirAsamAM "tUTakomAM Avo sAMkaLI-prakAra anubhavAyo che ja. A kAraNe 4pane badale 90 kaDI thavA jAya che. Ama baMdhanI dRSTie A nAnI kRti dhyAna kheMce che. bharatakSetramAM bharUca nagaramAM megharatha nAmanA rAjAne kamalA kuMvarI hatI te sopArA pATaNanA rAjA rativallabhane paraNAvI hatI. ekavAra samudrane pele pAra AvelA girivaramAM AvelI dhananagarIno rAjA kIrtivardhana yAtrA karato karato sopArA pATaNa Avyo. teNe AdinAthanuM pUjana karyuM ne nagaramAMthI pasAra thato hato tyAM mahelanA gokhamAM beThelI kamalA rANI jovAmAM AvI. e enA upara khuba ja mugdha thayo. nitya ghera jaI AkarSaNa-vidyAthI rANIne hAtha karI. rANIne samajAvatAM rANIe A rAjAne judAMjudAM dRSTAMta ApI pApakarmathI dUra karavA zikhAmaNa ApI, paNa asara thaI nahi. rANIe kIrtivardhanane potAnA pitA daraje kahI potAnA zIlanA rakSaNa mATe makkamatA batAvI, tethI rAjA ene aneka prakAranI mArapITa karavA lAgyo. jema mArapITa thatI gaI tema tema satInA karmadoSa ochA thatA cAlyA. satI potAnAM karmone ja doSa detI rahI. bIjI bAju rAjA rativallabha gUma thayelI kamalArANIne zodhavA khUba prayatna karato hato tyAM karmayoge koI mANasa enI pAse AvI lAgyo. eNe rAjA kIrtivardhana AkarSaNavidyAthI kevI rIte rANIne kheMcI gayo ane enA taraphathI rANI upara kevo sitama gujAravAmAM Ave che eno khyAla Apyo, ane pUrvanA bhavanI vAta karI

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rAsa ane kSagu sAhitya 163 ke he rAjA, tame dhannA nAmanA rAjavI hatA ane kamalA tamArI rANI hatI. eNe potAnI dAsIne cha mAsa mATe duHkha ApeluM tenuM A phaLa bhogavavAnuM thayuM che. rANIe ardhuM karma bhogavyuM che ane ardhuM bAkI che. varSa pUruM thaye emAMthI e mukta thaze. varSAMte kIrtivardhanane jJAna AvyuM ane kamalA rANIne mukta karI. rANI tyAMthI nIkaLI piyaranA lokone maLI, anubhavanI vAta kahI. rAjA pAse AvI ane dharmavArtAo karI paraspara AnaMda lIdho. rAjA sAdhu thaI gayo. bAla kumArane gAdI maLI. vIsa varSa bAda kamalAe paNa virAga dhAraNa karyo. karma bALIne pati-patnI beu kevaLI gayAM. A padyabaMdhamAM kAvyatattva najIvuM che. kamalA rANIne kIrtivardhana pArAvAra duHkha Ape che eTalo bhAga thoDuM AkarSaNa kare che : rAya rUThau rosi kAminI kahai rAjA karI re satInai karai saMtApA pratiSTha tUM chai mAharu bApa ||19|| tuM mUSa taraNA samu IMdra kivAraI ihi Avai re na karUM majha sIlabhaMga / na karUM 52-na2-saMga 520aa nAtii mai sISiu jinadharma majhanai si mAhirisa mArai mAharA karma jimajima rAjA mAra ka2i timatima karama aha yAsai| arahaMta zaraNa hoyo hiva majhanarjI mahAru na karuM para 52-nara-saMga e nADI jIvita jAsii ||21 // satI bApaI siu kahiu re rAya pAMca sai nADI nita mArai re dii du:kha anaMtA tihAM dveSaI re dii karma taNAM la sarva Aga lADhe bharI re ghAlI vADA mAhi mina dhari rosA tava karmanuM dosA vAhi| ||22 jAI| vADA mAhi ghAlI rAjA karka vacana kahaI bAi| satI kahaI tUM mAharuM bhAI huM chuM rA tUTau mahArI kAyA karakA rAi| tU e kAyA kalapI maI tujhanardha rAyuM sIla saSAi ||23|| tAharI kariyo [rAjA roSe bharAyo che ane satIne bhAre takalIpha ApI rahyo che. kAminI rAjAne kahe che : 'tuM mAro bApa che. khuda iMdra Ave to paNa huM mArA zIlano bhaMga karuM nahIM. tuM to taraNAne tole mUrkha che. huM pArakA narano saMga karuM nahIM. pArakI jJAtinA 52 narano huM saMga na karuM. meM jinadharmanuM zikSaNa lIdhuM che. tuM phaTakA mArI rahyo che e mane nahi mAre, mane mAraze te to mArAM karma. jemajema rAjA rANIne sajA kare che

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16 4 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 tematema karmano bhoga bhogavAto jAya che. mane ahatanuM zaraNa thAo; mAruM jIvatara pUruM thaze." ema satIe bApapelA kIrtivardhana)ne kahyuM. rAjAe manamAM roSa karyo e pAMcaso phaTakA dararoja mAre che tyAre rANI karmane ja doSa Ape che. anaMta duHkha tyAM joI rahI che. karmanAM phaLa bhogave che. ene agninA DhagalA saLage che tevA vADAmAM pUrIne rAjA ene AkarAM vacana kahe che. satI kahe che: 'tuM mArA zarIra upara khuza thato ho to enA TukaDATukaDA karI nAkha. A zarIra tAre kabaje che. paraMtu) huM zIlanI sagAI rAkhuM chuM....]. karelAM karma bhogavavAM ja paDe che enA dRSTAMtalekhe A caritrakathA bAMdhavAmAM AvI che. anuprAso tarapha kartAne vizeSa Agraha che. jemAM ene saphaLatA maLI che. paurANika vastune dhyAnamAM laIne racAyelA rAsomAM pUrNimA gacchanA zAlibhadrasUrino paMcapaMDava rAsa' atyAra sudhImAM maLelA rAsomAM pahelo ja jANavAmAM Avyo che. kAvyAMte jaNAvyuM che te pramANe pUrNimAgacchanA zAlibhadrasUrie koI devacaMdranI sUcanAthI I. 1354mAM nAMdodamAM A rAsanI racanA karI hatI.49 paMdara 'ThavaNiomAM vibhakta thayelo A rAsa spaSTa rUpe geya koTino che ane sUcaka prakAranuM eNe emAM vaividhya paNa sAdhyuM che. ThavaNi 1 : 16+16+13 mAtrAnI (caNAkulanAM be caraNa ane doharAnA ekI caraNanA saMmizraNavALI) doDhInI rara kaDIo. 23mI kaDI 'vastu' chaMdanI. ThavaNi ra : eka dvipadI ane eka copAI-caraNAkula evo mizra prakAra chatAM 37 thI 40, 41 thI 44, 46thI 49 saLaMga copAIo, ane 50mI kaDI "vastu' chaMdanI. ThavaNi 3 : 51 thI 62 "roLA" chaMdanI, enA pachI 63-64 "vastu' chaMda, ThavaNi 4 : 65 thI 85 zuddha doharA'. enI pachI 86-87-88 "vastu' chaMda. ThavaNi 5 : 89 thI 108 (ApelA aMka 1 thI 20) copAI-caraNAkula, ane pachI 109-110 "vastu chaMda. vaNi 6 : geyatAnI dRSTie AmAM keTaluMka vaividhya; jemake 111-114 e cAra kaDIo, copAInI 15 mAtrA + doharAnA viSamacaraNanI 13 mAtrAnA saMmizraNavALI, 115mI kaDI doharAnA samacaraNanAM 4 caraNonI dhruvakaDI, enA chellA caraNanuM pachInI harigItanI kaDImAM Avartana. (sarakhAvo "bharatezvarabAhubalirAsa'nuM sarasvatI dhaula.') 50 117 thI 120 e 111-114 prakAranI kaDIo. 121 mI aMte "gAla vALI 12 mAtrAmAM cAra caraNonI dhruvakaDI, enA chellA caraNanA AvartanathI 122mI harigItanI kaDI. 123 thI 126e 111-114 nA prakAranI. 127 thI 132 copAI-caraNAkula, jemAM 13ramI kaDImAM cha caraNa, AnA pachI

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 165 133thI 135 traNa vastu chaMdanI kaDIo. vaNi 7 : 136 thI 148 soraThAnI-samaviSama padomAM kyAMya prAsa nahi; dareka ardhamAM pahelA zabda pachI sAmAnya rIte geyatAvAcaka C ane dareka ardhane aMte paNa evA . 148mI kaDImAM traNa ardha che. 149 mI kaDI "vastu' chaMdanI. ThavaNi 8 : 150 thI 172 (23 kaDIo) soraThAnI, paNa sama-viSama caraNomAM kyAMya prAsaM nahi. 173mI "vastu" chaMdanI. ThavaNi 9 : 174 thI 191 (18 kaDIo) copAI-jekarInI, 19ramI "vastu chaMdanI. ThavaNi 10 : 193 thI 203 (24 kaDIo) copAI-jekarInI; 204 thI 209 (6 kaDIo) "vastu' chaMdanI. ThavaNi 11 : 210 thI 228(19 kaDIo) copAI-jekarInI; 230231 vastu' chaMdanI. vaNi 12 : 232 thI 243 (12 kaDIo) copAI-jekarInI, 244 "vastu chaMdanI. ThavaNi 13 : 245 thI 250 (6 kaDIo) copAI-jekarI, 251 thI 256 vastu chaMdanI. ThavaNi 14 : 257thI 26 5 (9 kaDIo) copAI-jekarInI, 26 6thI 279, jemAM chellI kaDI 6 caraNonI, roLA' chaMdamAM, 280mI vastu chaMdanI. ThavaNi 15 : 281 thI 294 "soraThA'nI jemAM 294mImAM traNa ardha che, vaLI be caraNomAM pahelA zabda pachI ane dareka ardhane aMte paNa geyatAvAcaka . bharatezvarabAhubalirAsanI jema A paNa pramANamAM dIrgha kRti che. emAM AkhA mahAbhAratanA kathAnakano saMkSepa ApavAmAM Avyo che. vaNAyelA prasaMga ATalA cheH 'AraMbhanI ThavaNimAM - Adi jinezvaranA putra kuranA putra hastIe hastinApuranI sthApanA karI. A nagaramAM pAMcamA cakravartI hoya tevA zAMti jinezvara thaI gayA. e kuLamAM zaMtanu rAjA thayA, je zikAramAM gayA tyAM dUra jaMgalamAM gaMgAkinAre eka mahAlayamAM gaMgAne joI enI sAthe lagna karyA, jemAM gAMgeya (=bhIkha)no janma thayo. rAjAno zikArazokha TALavA gaMgAe mahenata khUba karI. niSphaLatA maLatAM e putrane laI pitA jahunune tyAM cAlI gaI. ane covIsa varSa pasAra thaI gayAM. bIjI ivaNimAM - zaMtanu eka vAra zikAra karato gaMgAtaTe Ave che tyAM potAne vanano rakhevALa kaheto eka juvAna rAjAne aTakAve che. rAjA na aTakatAM baMne vacce yuddha thAya che. yuddha thatuM jANI mAtA gaMgA bahAra doDI Ave che ane rAjAne joI putra ane pitAnI oLakhANa karAve che. saMtanuM gaMgAne pAchI AvavA kahe che, paNa

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16 6 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 rAjAnI zikAranI latane kAraNe gaMgA jatI nathI, paraMtu putrane soMpI Ape che. eka bIje prasaMge rAjA zikAramAM jAya che tyAM yamunAtaTe eka rUpavatI bALAne jotAM hoDIvALAne enI pUchaparacha kare che ane ene paraNavAnI mAgaNI kare che, paraMtu jo paraNAvavAmAM Ave to rAjyano vArasa gAMgeya hoI A bALAnAM saMtAno duHkhI thAya. rAjA ghera jaIne gAMgeyane vAta kare che tyAre gAMgeya pitAne mATe rAjya uparathI potAno hakka uThAvI le che. hoDIvALAne AnI jANa karavAmAM AvatAM lagnane maMjUra rAkhe che. ane A kanyA ratnapura nagaranA ratnazekhara rAjAnI putrI hovAnuM, rANIe janmatAMveMta bALakIne nadImAM vahAvI mUkyAMnuM, e bALakIne jotAM hoDIvALAe AkAzavALI sAMbhaLI ke A "zaMtanu rAjAnI rANI thaze." tethI pote UMcakI pALyAnuM kahyuM. trIjI ThavaNi zaMtanune satyavatIthI be putra thayAnuM, emAMno eka bALapaNamAM maraNa pAmyAnuM, ane bIjAne kAzIrAjane tyAMthI svayaMvaramAMthI traNa kanyAo harI lAvI gAMgeye kumAra vicitravIryane paraNAvyAnuM, e traNe paikI aMbikAthI dhRtarASTra, aMbAlAthI pAMDu ane aMbAthI vidUra thayAnuM kahe che.151 dhRtarASTra aMdha hoI vicitravIryanI pAchaLa gAdI pAMDune maLI. ekavAra pAMDue eka citramAM kuMtAdevInuM rUpa jotAM enA tarapha AkarSAyo. e daramyAna jaMgalamAM koIe eka vidyAdharane sAdhyo hato tene pAMDue choDAvyo tyAre enI pAsethI eka mudrA maLI temAMthI zauripuranA svAmIne tyAM dasa putro ane eka putrI hovAnuM jANyuM. koI puruSe jaI zauripuramAM kahyuM ke pAMDu kuMtAdevIne varyo che. A sAMbhaLI kuMtAdevIne virahajvAlA lAgI. kavi ahIM jaNAve che ke navi jImaI navi ramaI raMgi navi sahAya bolAvI bolAvI tI palhIya jAI aNateDI AvaI || khIjaI mUMjhaI raDaI bAla jima samaru saMtAvaUT kamaliNi-kANaNi maNa-samAdhi sA kimaI na pAmaI // caMdu ya caMdaNuM hoyaI hAru aMgAra samANaupara e jamatI nathI. e AnaMda letI nathI, e sakhIone bolAvatI nathI, koI sakhI bolAve to dUra cAlI jAya che ane vaLI bolAvyA vinA najIka Ave che. sakhIo saMtApatI hoya tema e bALA khijAya jAya che, mUMjhAI jAya che ane raDyA kare che. kamalinInA vanamAM enA manane zAMti kemeya thatI nathI. caMdra ane haiyA uparano caMdanahAra ene aMgArA jevo lAge che..] . pelI mudrAnA baLe pAMDu zauripuramAM gayo ane gupta rIte lagna thayAM, jemAM kuMtAdevIne putrajanma thayo. khAnagImAM thayelo hoI A putrane rAtaveLAe peTImAM ghAlI gaMgAnA pravAhamAM taNAvI mUkyo.153 bIjI bAju gAMdhAra dezanI ATha putrIomAMnI moTI

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rAsa ane Agu sAhitya 167 gAMdhArInAM lagna dhRtarASTra sAthe thayAM. devaka rAjAnI putrI kumudInAM lagna vidura sAthe thayAM. vaLI madrarAjanI putra madrakI(=mAdrI)nAM lagna pAMDu sAthe thayAM. gAMdhArIe garbhadhAraNa karyo.154 cothI vaNimAM-kuMtIe svapnomAM eka pachI eka pAMca sulakSaNA putrone janma Apyo. trIsa mAse adhUriyo duryodhana gAMdhArInA udarathI utpanna thayo te kuMtIne pahelo-bIjo putra utpanna thayA pachI. duryodhana pAMDavone herAna karato, to bhIma duryodhanane herAna karato. badhA kumArone-dhRtarASTranA so ane pAMDunAM pAMcene abhyAsa mATe kRpagurune tyAM mUkavAmAM AvyA. dhanurvidyAnA abhyAsa mATe droNagurune maLyA.155 eka vAra gurue vidyArthIonI parIkSA lIdhI, jemAM arjuna sarvottama nIkaLyo. gurue ene 'rAdhAvedha'(matsyavedha)nI vidyA ApI. (kavie A parIkSAnI Ni zAbdika rIte jhamakadAra banAvI che, thoDA upamA jevA alaMkAra paNa prayojI lIdhA che.) eka vAra droNaguru ane vidyArthIo nahAtA hatA tyAre koI jaLacare droNano paga pakaDI lIdho. e samaye guru bUma pADavA lAgyA, paNa koI vahAre na AvyuM tyAre arjune AvIne gurune bacAvI lIdhA. arjuna 52 droNa prasanna thayA. pAMcamI viNamAM gurue bALako mATe navIna krIDAsthAna racavA mAgaNI karI. A krIDAsthAna-akhADAmAM bhIma tathA duryodhana vacce ane arjuna tathA karNa vacce dvaMdva khelAyuM. A sthaLe karNano pitA potAne karNa kevI rIte maLyo e vAta kahe che, paNa kuMtIdevI kazuM kahetAM nathI. duryodhana karNane rAjya kADhI Ape che. eka divase dhUte AvI drupadarAjAne tyAM putrIno svayaMvara thAya che temAM hAja2 rahevA nimaMtraNa ApyuM. vaNi chaThThImAM pAMDurAjA kuMvaro sAthe svayaMvaramAM javA nIkaLe che. drupadarAjA emane levA sAme Ave che. arjuna 'rAdhAvedha' kare che ane enA kaMThamAM mALA paherAve che, e samaye pAMce pAMDavonA kaMThamAM mALA paherAyelI saune dekhAya che.156 yudhiSThirane saMkoca thAya che, paraMtu tyAM to eka cAraNa muni AvI khulAso kare che ke ANe pUrvabhavamAM pAMca pati mAgyA hatA eTale Ama thayuM che.157 tyAMthI hastinApura pAchA AvatAM nAradajI AvI pAMce bhAIone tyAM draupadI kyAre kyAre rahe enI maryAdA bAMdhI Ape che. eka divasa satyane kAraNa arjuna samayadharmanuM ullaMghana karatAM zarata pramANe bAra varSa vanavAsa vahorI le che. e samaye vaitADhya parvata upara jaI e nAbhi malhArane vaMdana kare che. tyAM maNicUDane rAjya apAve che. bAra varSa sudhI 'aSTApada' vagere tIrthomAM phI ghe2 pahoMce che. arjune A yAtrAmAM maNicUDanA mitranI bahena koI rAjA harI jato hato tene bacAvI ApI ane maNicUDa tathA enA mitra hemAMgadane laI e ghe2 AvI pahoMcyo hato. vaNi sAtamImAM - pAMDu rAjA yudhiSThirane rAjyAbhiSeka kare che ane pAMDavo digvijaya karI Ave che. rAjA maNicUDa pAse sabhAmaMDapa baMdhAve -

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168 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 che, 158 jemAM yojAyelI sabhAmAM nimaMtraNathI kRSNa ane duryodhana Ave che. pAMDavo dAna de che ane biMbanI pratiSThA kare che. kRSNa duryodhana sAmuM joI hase che. duryodhana kapaTa karI rAjA yudhiSThirane ghUta ramavA notare che. vidura roke che, paNa na rokAtAM yudhiSThira jAya che ne badhuM hArI jAya che. draupadInAM badhA AbharaNa utArI levAmAM Ave che. duHzAsana draupadInA keza pakaDI kheMcI lAve che. e samaye duryodhana draupadIne khoLAmAM besavA bolAve che tyAre draupadI potAnA 108 cIra kADhavAne nimitta karI zApa Ape che. gAMgeya dhUtanA pariNAme bAra varSa khullA ane teramuM taddana gupta vAsamAM kADhavAnuM kahI vanavAsa mokale che. AThamI ivaNimAM - pAMce pAMDavo hastinApura jaI tyAM mAtapitAne mUke che. tyAM pitA ane beu mAtAne namana karI AgaLa vadhe che. guru droNa ane pitAmaha bhISmane A gamatuM nathI. mAtApitA AMsu sAre che. vanamAM draupadIne bivaDAvatA, duryodhananA koI kamIra nAmanA, krUra dAnavano bhIme saMhAra karyo. tyAM AvI pAMcAlIno bhAI pAMDavone potAne tyAM laI jAya che. samAdhAna karavAnI vRtti che e rIte duryodhana purocana nAmanA purohitane mokalI varaNAvatamAM bolAvI lAkSAgRhamAM utAro Ape che. agAuthI vidure bhoMyaruM karAvI rAkheluM hoI e dvArA pAMDavo sarakI jAya che. e mahelamAM eka DosI pAMca dIkarA ane vahu sAthe AvelI te ja lAkSAgRhane lagADelI AgamAM saLagI mare che. duryodhanane pAMDavo mAryAno AnaMda thAya che. navamI ivaNimAM - suraMgamArge pAMDavo AgaLa vadhe che. tRSAne kAraNae badhAM thAkelAM hoI bhIma emane UMcakI le che. badhAM tarasyAM hoI bhIma pANInI zodhamAM AgaLa jAya che tyAM hiDaMbA maLe che. mANasonI gaMdha AvatAM enI tapAse pitAe mokalyAnuM kahe che ane huM bhaviSyamAM tamane vanavAsamAM khUba upayogI thaIza ema kahI bhImane potAnI sAthe lagna karavA kahe che. eTalAmAM hiDaMba rAkSasa AvI hiDaMbAne bUsaTa mAre che. e joI bhIma hiDaMba upara dhasI jAya che, gadAthI pUro karI nAkhe che. tyAMthI hiDaMbA kuMtI ane draupadIne kAMdha upara besADI vanavAsamAM AgaLa vadhe che ane tarasyAM e beune pANI lAvI Ape che. dasamI ivaNimAM - bhImanAM hiDaMbA sAthe lagna thAya che. e pachI hiDaMbA kuMtI ane draupadI sAthe rahe che ane jarUra paDye bolAvIza" ema kahI hiDaMbAne potAne ghera javA kahe che. eka vAra devazarmAne tyAM rokakaLa thatAM bhImane bakAsuranA upadravanI vAta maLe che ane tyAMnA rAjAe bakAsurane dararoja eka mANasa pUro pADavAnI zarata pramANe devazarmAnA putrane mokalavAnuM jANatAM, jaI, bhIma bakAsurano vadha kare che. duryodhanane A vAtanI jANa thatAM vaitavanamAM jhUMpaDI bAMdhI rahetAM pAMDavo pAse priyaMvada nAmano dUta mokale che. vidura A vAtanI cetavaNI Ape che; draupadI roSe bharAya che, paraMtu

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rAsa ane phugu sAhitya 169 yudhiSThira vanavAsanI avadhi sudhI zAMta rahevA kahe che. dUtanA vacane yudhiSThira gaMdhamAdana parvata upara jAya che ane arjuna iMdrakIlaparvata upara vidyA siddha kare che. tyAM eka Dukkara Ave che. agiyAramI ivaNimAM - arjuna ane Dukkara yuddha kare che, hathiyAro khUTI jatAM arjuna enA paga pakaDI le che tyAre khecararUpadhArI prANI varadAna mAgavA kahe che. e kahe che ke vaitADhya parvata upara iMdra rahe che. enA nAnA bhAI vidhumAlInA tophAnane kAraNe che kADhI mUkatA e yakSapuramAM jaI rahe che. ene mAravA iMdranuM kaheNa che. iMdra arjunane kavaca-mukuTa-zastro Ape che ane citrAMgada dhanurveda Ape che. arjuna bhAIo pAse AvIne rahe che tyAM AkAzamAMthI eka suvarNakamaLa paDe che. draupadIne AvAM kamaLa levAnI IcchA thatAM bhIma vanevana pharI vaLe che. bhImane samaya lAgatAM yudhiSThira hiDaMbAne yAda kare che. hiDaMbA AvI badhAne bhIma pAse pahoMcADe che. pAMDavo bhImanA putra ghaTotkacane ramADe che. pachI hiDaMbA pAchI potAne ghera jAya che. e pachI draupadInA vacane bhIma sarovara tarapha jAya che, paNa e pAcho vaLato mAlUma na paDatAM eka pachI eka bhAI e sarovara tarapha jAya che, je koI pAchA vaLatA nathI. Ama thatAM kuMtI ane draupadI navakAra maMtrano jApa kare che. tyAM to bIje divase pAMce bhAIo jenA hAthamAM suvarNakamaLa che tevA eka puruSa sAthe AvI pahoMce che. nAgarAje pAMDavone nAgapAzAmAM bAMdhyA hatA temAMthI mukta karI iMdranI AjJA pramANe potAnuM rAjya, ane draupadI mATe hAra ane kamaLa soMpe che. pAMDavonuM chaThuM varSa dvaitavanamAM pasAra thAya che. tyAM eka vAra duryodhananI patnI raDatI raDatI maLe che e joI yudhiSThiranA AdezathI arjuna citrAMgada pAsethI duryodhanane choDAve che. bAramI ThavaNimAM - yudhiSThira duryodhanane kuzaLa pUche che tyAre duryodhana kahe che ke, "tamArA caraNamAM meM praNAma karyA eTale ame sukhiyA chIe." kuzaLa pUchI duryodhana jAya che. jayadratha tyAM rahI jAya che ane draupadInuM haraNa karI nAse che. bhIma arjuna pAchaLa jaI, enA sainyane harAvI draupadIne pAchI lAve che. kuMtInA vacanathI pAMDavo jayadrathano ghAta karatA nathI. have hastinApura jaI duryodhana paDo vagaDAvI pAMDavone mArI AvanArane InAma devAnI jAherAta kare che. purohitano putra kRtyA dvArA pAMDavono vinAza karavA prayatna kare che, paraMtu "paMcaparameSThI namaskAra'nA japamAM dhyAnastha pAMDavone kazuM thatuM nathI. sAta divasa pachI AvelA samagra sainyane pAMDavo harAvI kADhI mUke che. teramI ivaNimAM - pAMDavo mAsakhamaNAMnAM pAraNAM karavAnA hoya che tyAM eka munIMdra Ave che. pAMDavo ene atidAna Ape che. e ja vakhate duMdubhinA nAda sAthe AkAzavANI thAya che ke matsyadezamAM jaI AnaMda karo, teramuM varSa pasAra karo. pAMce pAMDavo anukrama kaMka, brAhmaNa, ballava rasoyo, nRtyAcArya,

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170 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 azvarakSaka ane govALa thaIne tyAM rahe che. paheluM kArya tyAM kIcakano vadha, bIjuM kArya dakSiNagograhanI muktinuM ane trIjuM kArya uttaragograhanI muktinuM siddha karI Ape che. tyAM abhimanyunAM uttarA sAthe lagna paNa thAya che. Ama teramuM varSa pUruM thAya che. e pachI kRSNa viSTi laI vanavAsathI pAchA pharelA pAMDavone iMdraprastha tilaprastha vAraNApura kozI ane hastinApura ApavA duryodhanane samajAve che, paNa duryodhana eka cAsa jeTalI paNa jamIna ApavA nakAra bhaNe che. kRSNa duryodhanane pAMDavonA baLanI ane karelA upakAranI yAda Ape che, paNa duryodhana mAnato nathI, ane yuddhano prasaMga Ubho thAya che. tyAre kuMtIne karNane samajAvavA mokale che, paNa e paNa mAnato nathI. kRSNa tyAre yuddhamAM arjunanA sArathi thavAnuM jAhe2 kare che. caudamI NimAM vidura vrata laI vanamAM jAya che ane kRSNa dvArakA jAya che. baMne pakSe yuddhanI bhAre taiyArI cAle che. baMne pakSe saMbaMdhI yoddhAo AvI maLe che. pAMDavono senApati dhRSTadyumna(draupadIno bhAI) ane kauravanA sainApati gAMgeya thAya che, jarAsaMdha paNa kauravonI madade Ave che. yuddha thAya che ane aneka yoddhA vinAza pAme che. yuddhane aMte duryodhana sarovaramAM chupAI jAya che tyAMthI bahAra kADhI bhIma eno nAza kare che. azvatthAmA kRpa ane kRtavarmA pAMDavonA putronI hatyA kare che, zikhaMDIne paNa mAre che. kRSNa badhAne upadeza ApI zAMta kare che. yuddhano aMta thatAM vijayI pAMDavo hastinApuramAM Ave che. paMdaramI vaNimAM - kRSNa yudhiSThirane rAjya upara sthApe che ane tyAre utsava thAya che. dhRtarASTra ane gAMdhArIne manAvI levAmAM Ave che. gAMgeyanI pAsethI aneka vAto sAMbhaLe che. tyAM pachI neminAthanA vyAkhyAnathI pAMDavone saMsAra upara vairAgya upaje che eTale parIkSitano rAjyAbhiSeka karI, pAMce gaNadhara svAmI pAse jaI vrA le che. e sAMbhaLI balabhadra ane kRSNanA pUchavAthI dharmaghoSa muni pAMDavonA pUrvajanmanI vAta kare che. tyAra bAda nemijinezvaranuM nirvANa sAMbhaLI pAMce bhAIo zatruMjaya tIrthamAM AvI siddhi pAmyA. 159 kavie jaina paraMparA pramANe kathAnakane pUro vaLAMka Apyo che, tethI mahAbhAratanAM saMkhyAbaMdha kathAnakonI bhinnatA maLe che. kavi pAse enA kAvyaprakAranI paNa sudIrgha paraMparA che. mahAbhAratanA yuddhanA prasaMgamAM eNe vI22sa mUrta karavAno prayatna karyo che temAM 'bharatezvarabAhubalirAsamAMnA yuddhavarNananuM anukaraNa pakaDI zakAya che. bezaka, kavi prasaMgane vistAravAthI dUra rahe che; sADA cauda 'roLA'nI kaDIomAM yuddha pUruM thAya che. kavi cIlAcAlu prakArathI AgaLa nathI vadhI zakato; jemake .

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rAsa ane phugu sAhitya 171 dala milIyAM kalagalIya suhaDa gayavara galagalIyA, dhara dhrusakIya salavalIya sesa girivara TalaTalIyA | raNavaNIyA savi saMkha nUra aMbaru AkaMpAuM, haya gayavara khuri khaNIya reNu uDIka jagu jhaMparka | paDai baMdha calavalai ciMdha sIgaNi suNa sAMdhai, gaivari gaIvaru suragi tura) rAuta raNa rUMdhaI | bhiDaI sahaDa raDavaDai sIsa dhaDa naDa jima nai, hasai dhusaMi UsasaI vIra megala ji marcAi 110 [bheLAM thayelAM sainya bumoTA pADe che. yoddhA ane hAthIo doDAdoDa kare che. jenA upara dhubAkA paDI rahyA che tevI dharA dhrujI rahI che. zeSanArAyaNa ane pahADo khaLabhaLI UhyA che. raNamAM caDelA badhA yoddhA zaMkha ane tUrI vagADI AkAzane potA tarapha kheMcI rahyA che. ghoDA ane hAthIo jamIna khotare che ene kAraNe UDelI rajathI jagata DhaMkAI jAya che. baMdhana tUTI jAya che, cihna khasI jAya che. zRMgInA avAja satata cAlu che. hAthIo hAthIo sAthe, ghoDA ghoDA sAthe ane rAjaputro rAjaputro sAthe yuddhamAM ekabIjAne thaMbhAvI rahyA che. yoddhA ekabIjA sAthe laDI rahyA che, dhaDathI mAthAM kharI paDe che ne e nAcI rahetAM lAge che. vIra puruSo hase che, dhase che ane UMcA zvAsa le che. hAthI dhamAla karI rahyA che.] dharmacaritane mUrta karI Apato "gautama svAmIno rAsa' vinayaprabha upAdhyAyanI I.1346 (saM.1412 kArtika sudi ekama)nI khaMbhAtanA pArzvanAthanA derAsaramAM rahI karavAmAM AvelI racanA che. A graMthakAranI dIkSA I.1326 (saM.1382 vaizAkha sudi pAMcamane dine) kharatara gacchanA AcArya jinakuzalasUrine hAthe thaI hatI." A rAsanI pUrve emane 'upAdhyAyanI padavI maLI cUkI hatI. cha bhAsarkivA DhAla)mAM vibhakta A rAsamAM pahelI bhAsa 6 roLAnI, enA pachI vastu chaMdanI eka kaDI; bIjI bhAsa (8 thI 15) nI 8 caraNAkulanI, e pachI vastu chaMdanI eka kaDI; trIjI bhAsa dareka ardhane aMte geyatApUraka tothI (17-26) dasa doharAnI, enA pachI vastunI eka kaDI; cothI bhAsa (29-43) bekI caraNe keTalIka kaDIomAM ja prAsavALA paMdara 'soraThAnI, e pachI vastuchaMdanI eka kaDI; pAMcamI bhAsa paNa soraThA (45-49)nI, paraMtu A kaDIo baLe soraThAnI eka ema bekI caraNe prAsavALI, jyAre chaThThI bhAsa be caraNAkulaka+doharAnuM ekI caraNa, evI (5162) baLe doDhInI bAra kaDIonI che (chellI 62 mI kaDI eka ja doDhInI che). pratyeka bhAsamAMnA sthAnakano TUMko khyAla pratyeka vastuchaMdamAM ApavAmAM Avyo

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172 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 che. AvI 62 kaDIonI A racanAmAM IMdrabhUti gautamanI tapasvI jIvana-caryA vaNI levAmAM AvI che. pahelI bhAsamAM - gautama gotranA A iMdramUtinA pitAnuM nAma vasubhUti hatuM ane A brAhmaNane tyAM zreNika rAjAnI sattA nIcenA magadha dezamAM AvelA gabbara' nAmaka gAmamAM emanI patnI pRthvImAM iMdrabhUtino janma thayo hato. vidvatA prApta karyA pachI iMdrabhUti pAse pAMcaso vidyArthIo abhyAsa karatA hatA. bIjI bhAsamAM - e samaye vihAra karatA karatA chellA jinezvara mahAvIra svAmI khAvApurI nAmaka sthAnamAM AvyA. tyAM aneka loko upadeza zravaNa karavA AvatA hatA. iMdrabhUti gautama paNa potAnA pAMcaso ziSyo sAthe tyAM AvyA. trIjI bhAsamAM - emane potAnI vidvatAno bhAre garva hato eTale mahAvIra svAmI sAthe zAstrArtha karavA lAgyA. mahAvIra svAmIe vedamaMtro dvArA emanA saMzayonuM nirAkaraNa karI ApyuM. Ane lIdhe iMdrabhUti eTalA prabhAvita thayA ke e potAnA pAMcaso ziSyo sAthe mahAvIra svAmInA ziSya thaI rahyA, eTaluM ja nahi, emanA bhAI agnibhUti ane bIjA bAra vedajJa brAhmaNo paNa ziSya banyA. iMdrabhUti gautama be divasanA upavAsa ane eka divasanuM pAraNuM e pramANe vrata karye jatA hatA. cothI bhAsamAM - potAne zAstra ke dharmanA viSayamAM saMdeha Upaje to mahAvIra svAmI pAse nirAkaraNa meLavI letA. emanI tapasvitAne kAraNe emanI pAse ziSya thanArAone kevalajJAnanI prApti thaI jatI hatI, paraMtu emane mahAvIra svAmI mATe eTalo anurAga hato ke pote "kevalI' na thayA. eka samaye mahAvIra svAmInA upadezamAM AvyuM ke aSTApada parvata uparanAM covIsa jinAlayonI yAtrA karanAra A bhavamAM ja mokSa prApta kare che, eTale gautama AtmabaLathI e parvata upara jaI pahoMcyA. sUryanA kiraNonA AlaMbane caDatA gautamane joI mArgamAM tapa karatA paMdaraso tapasvIone bhAre Azcarya thayuM. tyAM gautame covIsa tIrthakaronAM jinAlayonAM darzana karyA. tyAM vajasvAmIno jIva ane tiryaka tathA jaMka nAmanA deva hatA teone puMDarIka ane "kaMDarIka nAmanAM adhyayanono bodha karyo ne pAchAM vaLatAM pelA paMdaraso tapasvIone paNa bodha karyo ane potAnI sAthe laI cAlavA lAgyA.emanA vratanuM pAraNuM thatAM ja e tapasvIo jJAna prApta karI kevalI banI gayA.e ka vAra iMdrabhUti gautamane ciMtA thaI ke mArI pAse AvanArAo jJAna prApta karI kevalI banI jAya che ane mAruM kazuM vaLatuM nathI. mahAvIra svAmIe emane dilAso Apyo. pAMcamI bhAsamAM - jyAre emanI 72 varSanI uMmara thaI tyAre mahAvIra svAmI emane sAthe laI pAvApurI gayA. tyAM jaI devazarmA nAmaka brAhmaNane upadeza ApavA mATe iMdrabhUtine mokalyA. e daramyAna ja mahAvIra svAmI nirvANa pAmI gayA. jyAre A samAcAra emane maLyA tyAre emane bhAre duHkha

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 173 thayuM ane vilApa karavA lAgyA, ane vilApa karatAM karatAM ja jJAna prApta thayuM ane Ama 92me varSe e kevalI' banyA. emanA jIvanakAlanuM mAna ApatAM jaNAvyuM cheke pacAsa varSano gRhasthAzrama, trIsa varSano saMyama ane chellAM bAra varSanI jJAnanI koTinAM gayAM hatAM. chaThThI bhAsamAM - iMdrabhUti gautamanuM mAhAsya gAvAmAM AvyuM che. atyAra sudhInA rAsomAM kAvyatattvanI dRSTie A rAsa thoDo paNa judo tarI Ave che. graMthakAre yathAsthAna alaMkArothI kavitAne maDhavAno prayatna karyo che. iMdrabhUtinI juvAnIno khyAla ApatAM kavi kahe che ke - navaNa vayaNa kara caraNa jiNavi paMkaja jala pADiA, teje tArA caMda sUra AkAza bhADia | rUve mayaNa anaMga karavi melvio niraghADiA, dhIrane merugaMbhIra siMdhu caMgima caya-cADiA IPjA [enAM netra vadana kara ane caraNoe vijaya prApta karI kamaLone pANImAM nasADI mUkyAM, enA teje tArA caMdra ane sUryane AkAzamAM nasADI mUkyA, enA rUpe kAmadevane aMgarahita banAvI hAMkI kADhyo; dhIrajamAM e meru jevA ane gaMbhIratAmAM e sAgara jevA hatA.) khAsa karIne chaThThI bhAsa upamAonI paraMparAthI dIpI UThe che : jima sahakAre koula Tahuke, jima kusumaha vane parimala bahake, jima caMdana saugaMdha-nidhi | jima gaMgAjala lahere lahake, jima kaNayAcala teje jhalake, tima goyama sobhAganidhi / 51 || jima mAnasara nivase haMsA, jima suravara-zire kaNayavataMsA, jima mahuyara rAjIva-vane | jima rANAgara rayaNe vilasa, jima aMbara tArAgaNa vikase, tima goyama guNa-kelira-vani || para || punimadina jima sahira sohe, surataru mahima jima jaga mohe, pUrava-disi jima sahasakaro | paMcAnane jima girivara rAje, naravaI-dhare jima mayagala gAje, tima jinasAsana munipavaro pa3 ll jima surataruvara sohe sAkhA, jima uttama mukhe madhurI bhAkhA, jima vana ketakI mahamahe e 1. jima bhUmi bhUyabala camake, jima jinamaMdira ghaMTA raNake, goyala labdha gahagahe e / 54 / 144

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174 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 [AMbA upara jema kokila TahukA kare, phUlavADImAM jema sugaMdha bahekabaheka thAya, caMdana je pramANe sugaMdhano bhaMDAra che, gaMgAnuM pANI je pramANe laherIothI laheke che, tethI jema kAMcana giri jhabake che e rIte saubhAgyano bhaMDAra gautama zobhI rahyo che. mAnasarovaramAM jema haMso vase che, jema devonA mastaka upara sonAnA alaMkAra che, kamalanA vanamAM jema bhamA che, je pramANe sAgara ratnothI zobhe che, AkAzamAM jema tArAonA samUha khIlI rahyA che, te pramANe guNorUpI vanamAM e khelI rahyA che. pUname jema caMdra rAte zobhe, potAnA mahimAthI kalpavRkSa jema jagatane moha kare, pUrva dizAmAM jevo sUrya vilarsa, pahADa jema siMhathI zobhe, rAjAnAM mahelamAM jema uttama hAthI garjanA kare, te pramANe jinazAsanamAM A zreSTha muni zobhI rahyA che. pArijAtaka vRkSa jema zAkhAothI zobhe, zreSTha mukhomAM jema mIThI bhASA ope, jema ketakInuM vana sugaMdha prasarAve, tema rAjA bhujAnA balathI prakAzita thAya, jinamaMdiromAM jema ghaMTAnA nAda thAya, te pramANe jJAnathI gautama khIlI UThe che.] caMdragacchanA AcAryone lagatA paTTAbhiSeka-rAsomAM sAro umero kare tevo 'jinodayasUripaTTAbhiSekAsa' koI jJAnakalaza nAmanA sAdhuno racelo che. 37 kaDIonA A nAnA rAsamAM I.1369mAM (saM.1415nA ASADha sudi terasane divase) thayelA jinodayasUrinA paTTAbhiSekanuM vastu levAmAM AvyuM che.65 agAunA A prakAranA beu rAsomAM apAyelI che tevI khataragacchanA AcAryonI abhayadevasUrithI laIne paTTAvalI ApavAmAM AvI che. jinakuzalasUri, enA jinapadmasUra, enA jinalabdhisUri, enA jinacaMdrasUri, ane enA A jinodayasUri. jinacaMdrasUri khaMbhAta gayA ane tyAM nirvANa pAmyA. tyAre dilhInA rudrapAla nIbo ane sadharo e nAmanA zrImAli vaNika hatA temAnAM sadharAnA putra ratanasiMha ane pUniga AcAryane vaMdana karavA khaMbhAta AvyA tyAre taruNaprabhasUrine vinaMti karI jinodayasUrinA paTTAbhiSeka-mahotsavanI AjJA mAgI. khaMbhAtamAM upa2ne divase vAcanAcArya somaprabhane gacchanAyakanuM pada ApI 'jinodayasUri' nAma ApyuM. ratanasiMha vastupAla ane pUnige e samaye bhAre moTo utsava khaMbhAtanA ajitanAthanA maMdiramAM karyo. rAsa cAra khaMDomAM che, jemAM pahelo khaMDa roLAnI sAta kaDIo ane aMte eka 'ghattA' mathALe 'vastu' chaMda, bIjo khaMDa ATha doharAnI kaDIo ane aMte 'ghattA' mathALe 'vastu' chaMdanI eka kaDI, A be khaMDamAM paTTAvalInI paTTasthApanA che; trIjo khaMDa nava soraThamAM che, jemAM prAsa bekI caraNonA meLavAyA che, uparAMta dareka ardhamAM pahelA zabda pachI geyatAvAcaka chu umerAyelo che, ane

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 175 * e pachI eka "ghattAnA rUpamAM "vastu chaMda. A khaMDa utsava ane dAnanI vAta kare che. cothA khaMDamAM paNa dasa soraThA che, jemAM prAsa bekI caraNonA ja meLavyA che. A khaMDamAM jinadayasUrinI prazasti ane "rAsa' racanAra kanakakalaza'nI chApa che.161 kAvyatvanI dRSTie koI khAsa AkarSaNa nathI; kvacit upamA jevA alaMkAra vAparI le che. jinacaMdrasUrinuM varNana karatAM - gacchamaMDaNa gacchamaMDaNu sAkha-siMgAruI jaMgama kiri kalpataru, bhaviya-loya-saMpatti-kAraNa, tava-saMjama-nANanihi, sugura-rayaNa saMsAra-tAraNa e suhaguru siri-jiNalabadhisUri-paTTakamala-mAyaDu, jhAyaDu siri-jiNacaMdasUri, jo tava-te-palaMDu ICI17 [gacchanA maMDana ane zAkhAnA zRMgAra, jANe ke jaMgama kalpataru na hoya tevA bhavya janonI saMpattinA kAraNarUpa, tapa saMyama ane jJAnanA bhaMDAra, suguruomAM ratnarUpa, saMsAranA tAraka, sadguru zrIjinalabdhisUrinA paTTarUpI kamalane sUryarUpa...] AgaLa jatAM jinadayasUrinI prazastimAM upamAnI paraMparA ApI che te rocaka thaI paDe tevI che : jima jiNa-bimba vihAri, naMdaNavaNi jima kappataro suragiri girihi majhAri, jima ciMtAmaNi maNipavaro 31 jima dhaNi vasubhaMDAru, phalaha mAMhi jima dhamalo ! rAja mAMhi gajasA, kusuma mAMhi jima varakamalo 3rA jima mANasa-sari haMsa, bhAdrava-ghaNu dANesarahA jima gaha mAMhi haMsu, caMda jima tArAgaNaha ||33. jima amarAuri indu, bhUmaMDali jima cakkadharo ! saMghaha mAMhi muNiMdu tima sohaI jiNaudaya guro 3418 [vihAra(maMdira)mAM jema jinamUrti, naMdanavanamAM jevuM kalpavRkSa, parvatomAM jema meru, maNiomAM jema uttama ciMtAmaNi, dhanamAM jema dhanabhaMDAra, phUlomAM jema dharmaphaLa, rAjAomAM jevo gajasAra rAjA, phUlomAM jema uttama kamala, mAnasarovaramAM jevo haMsa, dAnezvaromAM bhAdaravA mahinAno megha, grahonA samUhamAM sUrya, tArAgaNamAM jevo caMdra, amarApurImAM jevo iMdra, pRthvI vize jevo cakravartI rAjA, tevA jinodayaguru - munIMdra saMghamAM zobhI rahyA che.)

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176 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 kavi A jinodayasUrino ja ziSya che59 eTale eno kavanakALa I. 136 9 pachI taratano ja kahI zakAya. 2. phugu sAhitya prAstAvika samAvavo hoya to rAsa prakAramAM ja samAvI zakAya, chatAM enI eka AgavI vilakSaNatAne laIne alaga rIte phAgu-sAhitya-prakAra potAnuM sthAna sAcavI rahyo che. vipralaMbha ane saMbhoga zRMgArane mUrta karI ApatuM e RtumUlaka sarjana che ane tethI kathAtmaka svarUpano aMzamAtra jALavI e Urmimaya kAvyaracanA banI rahe che. saMskRta sAhityamAM RtusaMhArane apavAde sarvAze RtukAvya tarIke koI kRti jANItI nathI tyAre uttara gaurjara apabhraMza'nA samayamAM eTale ke "rAsayugamAM e potAnI AgavI rIte khIlI sAhityaprakAra tarIke sthAna le che. A ja yugamAM kvacit "bAramAsI' paNa svataMtra rUpamAM prasiddhimAM AvI che, paNa emAM to varSanA bAra mAsanA saMkSipta varNananA rUpamAM vipralaMbha zRMgAra nirUpAyo hoya che ene aMte e saMyogamAM palaTo laI madhuratAthI samApta thAya che, jyAre phAguomAM to, svalpa ja apavAde, mAtra vasaMtavihAra uddiSTa rahyo che. phAgu' eka sAhityaprakAra tarIke uttara gaurjara apabhraMza-yugamAM astitvamAM Avyo te pUrve e zuM sUcavato hato e thoDA saMzodhanano viSaya che. phAgu' zabdanuM mULa saM. zabdakozomAM patna] zabda jovA maLe che, jeno eka artha 'vasaMtotsava' paNa thAya che. A zabdane pANininA 3dri sUtromAM siddha karavAmAM Avyo che.19 AnAthI eTaluM siddha thaI zake ke pANininA samayamAM e saMskRta bhASAmAM tane! tarIke svIkArAI cUkyo hato ja. mahAbhArata temaja harivaMzamAM nadInA eka vizeSa nAma tarIke to e sUcita thayelo ja che. vaLI zabdakozomAM pUrva ane uttarA phAlganI nakSatrone mATe paNa e noMdhAyelo che : jyotiSagraMthomAM e - ema dvivacane che. pAchaLathI A zabdano artha "suMdara manohara' evo paNa vikasyo che, jeno vikAsa vasaMtaRtuvAcaka | zabda kahI zakAya. isavI pahelI sadInA sAtavAhana hAlanI 'gAthAsaptazatI'mAM "vasaMtaRtuno utsava' e artha e prAkRta svarUpamAM Ape che.171 e jarAya ocho saMbhava nathI ke bhAratavarSamAM vaidikI bhASAno vyApaka prasAra hato tyAre je aneka prAMtIya zabdo uttarottara Arya bhASAmAM umerAtA

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 177 gayA tevo ja A paNa eka zabda hoya. ane hemacaMdra to dezI nAmamAlAmAM 'vasaMtotsavanA ja arthamAM ] zabda noMdhyo che.172 hemacaMdra jevA mahAna vaiyAkaraNane pANininAM uNAdisUtrono khyAla hovA chatAM A zabdane dezya(sthAnika jUnI bhASAno) kahyo che e khUba sUcaka che. prAcIna saMskRta bhASAmAM dezya ! mAMthI ja nakSatravAcaka !! saMskRtIkaraNa thayuM eNe ja pUrva chAtmanI ane uttarI BInI nAma ApyAM; A nakSatranAme ja potAnI kedravartitAne laI mahinAne paNa htmAne nAma ApyuM ane arjunano janma A nakSatramAM thavAnA kAraNe ja mahAbhAratamAM paNa arjunane mATe aneka sthaLe chApuna zabda prayojAyo ja che. "rAsasAhityanA mULamAM rAsa nRttaprakAra hato, to, "phAgu-sAhityanA mULamAM utsavaprakAra' ane e paNa "vasaMtaRtuno ja utsava'. be mAsanA vasaMtaRtunA patharATamAM ujavAto. RtucakranA parivartanane kAraNe eka yugamAM mAgha ane phAgaNa mahinA 'vasaMtaRtunA hatA. vasaMtasaMpAta mAgha mAsamAM Avato hato ene laI mAgha sudi pAMcama 'vasaMtapaMcamI' tarIke khyAta thayelI ane bahoLI-dhULeTI vasaMtavihAranA chellA mAMgalika divaso hatA. saM. mAM mRtyu "gulAlano vAcaka paNa A ja kAraNe banyo che. A zabdanA prA. apa. !! rUpe madhya. guja.mAM !! ane pachI guja. phAga' zabda Apyo che, je hoLInA tahevAramAM prayojAtA apazabdono vAcaka banyo che. A utsavamAM pANIno mukhyatve bhAratavarSamAM khUba ja upayoga thavAne kAraNe vrajabhASAmAM mi guja. 'phagavA' zabda "dhANI mATe rUDha banyo che. Aje to have madhu-mAdhava caitra-vaizAkha mahinA "vasaMtaRtunA che, chatAM vasaMta-khelanA divasa mAgha-phAgaNa ja rahevA pAmyA che. phAgu-sAhityano viSayavistAra 'vasaMtavihArane ja eka mAtra viSaya banAvI saMskRta-prAkRta sAhityamAM thayelI racanAo jANavAmAM AvI nathI. e rUDhi hatI ke mahAkAvyomAM chaye RtuonAM varNana ApavA pharajiyAta hatAM eTale prasaMga paratve nAyaka-nAyikAnA vihAranA upalakSyamAM "vasaMtaRtunuM paNa varNana AvI jAya. "RtusaMhAra' jevI racanA Rtuone ja mAtra viSaya banAvI racAyelI paNa virala ja che. dUtakAvyomAM RtuvarNanono pAsa anubhavAya che kharo, paNa mAtra "vasaMtaRtune mukhya rAkhIne saMskRtamAM thayelI racanA mAtra "gItagoviMda' che. e geya nRttaprakAra che e A pUrve ApaNe joyuM ja che, paraMtu enI vizeSatA enA 'vasaMtavihAramAM che. pahelA sargamAMnI maMgalAtmaka be aSTapadIo ane pahelo varSARtune sUcavato mAMgalika zloka temaja bIjA prAstAvika zloko bAda karatAM 10mA zloka pachI kAvyano

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178 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 uThAva 'vasaMtaRtu'thI ja karavAmAM Avyo che.173 AkhuM kAvya prathama nAyikAnA vipralaMbhamAM ane pachI nAyakanA vipralaMbhamAM apAyA bAda madhura milApamAM pariNata thAya che. 'gItagoviMda' pazcima bhAratamAM pratiSThA pAmyuM hatuM eno purAvo jarU2 maLe che; ApaNe tyAM maLatA jUnAmAM jUnA 'jinacaMdrasUri-phAgu'no racanAsamaya I.1285mAM kharataragacchanA jinacaMdrasUrine 'sUri' pada maLyuM te samayanI emanA ziSyane hAthe pATaNamAM thayelI racanA che; ane noMdhapAtra to e che ke vAghelA sAraMgadevanA samayano I.1292no pAlaNapura najIkanA anAvaDA gAmamAMthI zilAlekha maLyo che temAM AraMbhamAM 'gItagoviMdano vevAnundarate e dazAvatAranI stutino zloka maMgalAcaraNamAM uMikita thayelo che174 eTale bhAgavatAdi purANomAMnA 'vasaMtavihAra'ne lakSamAM na laIe toye 'gItagoviMda'nA vasaMtagAnathI to pazcima bhAratanA sAhityakAro vAkeph hatA ja. thoDA ja jainetara phAguo ke phAguprakAranI racanAo to mukhyatve 'kRSNa'ne keMdramAM rAkhIne ja moTe bhAge racAyelI che, jyAre phAguomAM 'rAsa'nI jema dhArmika puruSonI viraktinA upalakSyamAM 'virakti'ne nAyakA gaNI athavA nAyikAnI avagaNanA karI, viraktimAM pariNamato aMta ApI vasaMtaRtunAM, ekAda apavAde, sumadhura varNana sAMkaLI levAmAM AvyAM che. vasaMtaRtu sAthe zRMgA22sano gADha saMbaMdha che tethI 'ti' e phAguono sthAyI bhAva banI rahyo hoya che. enI sAthe uddIpaka sAmagrI tarIke vananI khIlI UThelI vanarAji, maheMkatAM ane avanavA raMga dharAvatAM phUla, koyalonA TahukArA, bhamarAonuM guMjana, zItalamaMda suvAsita malayAnila, keLanA mAMDavA, latAkuMjo, dolAgRho, kamalAdithI zobhI UThelAM sarova2, jharaNAM, jalakrIDA, 5raspara raMgakhela, caMdanAdi suvAsita padArthonA lepa; jyAre AlaMbana vibhAvamAM ekamekanA anurAgavALAM nAyakonAyikAo, sAmAnya rIte AvI sAmagrIthI phAguo ramaNIya banI rahe. gItagoviMda'mAM AmAMnI keTalIye sAmagrI ane paristhitino anubhava sahaja che. jaina kavionA, nirvedamAM aMta pAmatA phAguomAM paNa AvuM ghaNuMkharuM AvavAnuM ja. pachI 'phAgu' mathALe evuM paNa banyuM che ke AmAMnuM kazuM paNa na hoya, paNa e to mAtra apavAdarUpa ja racanAo che. phAguo 'rAsa'nI mAphaka 2mAtA hatA- gavAtA hatA. uparAMta enA chaMdonA baMdhanamAM paNa keTaluMka vaividhya enI vikAsabhUmikAmAM sadhAyuM hatuM. 'rAsaka'nI jema 'phAgu' chaMdaHprakAra paNa Avyo. jJagunuM baMdhAraNa 1. 'gItagoviMda'mAM chaMdonI dezIo vaparAyelI jovA maLe che tenAthI judA ja prakArano vikAsa 'phAguo'mAM maLe che. eTaluM kharuM che ke baMnemAM 'doharA'no

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 179 baMdha che; ane zarUnA phAguomAM 'doharA' baMdhathI ja vikAsa anubhavAya che. atyAra sudhImAM jANavAmAM AvelA I.1285 lagabhaga racAyelA, ajJAta kavi (koI jinacaMdrasUriziSya)nA 'jinacaMdrasUriphAgu'mAM doharAno baMdha maLe che, paNa 'phAgu' geya hovAne kAraNe dareka ardhanI pUrve are geyatApUraka umerAyelo che.175 A sAdI paddhatinA samudha2-kRta 'neminAthaphAgu' (I.1381 pahelAM), samarakRta neminAtha phAgu' (I.15mI sadI anumAne), pauma-kRta 'neminAtha phAgu'(I. 1302 sudhImAM. - AmAM are nathI). guNacaMdrasUrikRta 'vasaMtaphAgu'(I.14-15mI sadI. doharAnA pahelA ardhanI AgaLa adde geyatApUraka), ajJAta kavikRta mohinIphAgu'(I.15-16mI sadI), ane evA ja ajJAta kavino 'phAgu' (I.15-16mI sadI - geyatA mATe ahIMtahIM caraNAMte reno prayoga.). 2. bIjA prakAramAM doharAnI kaDIno mukhabaMdha ane pachI 3-4 roLAnI kaDIo, e pramANenA TukaDA mAsa mathALe paDatA jovAmAM Ave che. jinapadmasUriSkRta 'sthUlibhadraphAgu'(I.1344 lagabhaga), rAjazekharasUriSkRta neminAthaphAgu'(I.1349 AsapAsa), kRSNavarSIya jayasiMhasUriSkRta prathama neminAthaphAgu' (I. 1366 lagabhaga), ajJAta kavino 'puruSottama paMca paMDava-phAga'(I.14-15mI sadI) vagere AvA 'rAsa' paddhatinA mAsathI khaMDa pADatA 'phAgu' che. 176 3. trIjo 'doharA baMdhano ja prakAra che. AnI vizeSatA e che ke viSama caraNamAM chellI be mAtrA laghu yA eka gurunA rUpamAM doharAmAM hoya che tene sthAne eka laghu ja rahe che ane Ama terane badale bAra mAtrA hoya che, paNa A viSama caraNanI chellI traNa-cAra ke kvacit pAMca mAtrAo svaranI dRSTie - zabda hoya to chellA be varNa samapadane AraMbhe Avartana pAmI sAMkaLI-baMdhano yamaka Ubho kare che. Ama emAM rAganI sAthosAtha eka prakArano laya paNa sumadhura rIte prANarUpa banI rahe che. 'uttara gaurjara apabhraMza'nI sarvottama gaNAtI AvI kRti te ajJAta kavino 'vasaMtavilAsa' phAgu che. A prakAranI kRSNavarSIya jyasiMhasUkRita 'dvitIya neminAthaphAgu'(I.1366 AsapAsa), ajJAta kavino 'jaMbusvAmiphAgu'(I.1374), merunaMdanakRta 'jIrApallI-pArzvanAtha-phAgu'(I.1376), jyazekharasUrinA baMne neminAthaphAgu' (I.14-15mI sadI), ajJAtakavi-kRta hemaratnasUriphAgu'(I.1469 AsapAsa), eno ja lagabhaga samakAlIna ajJAtakartRka 'ama22tnasUriphAgu', ratnamaMDanagaNikRta 'nArInirAsaphAga' vagere kRtiomAM suzliSTa svarUpe jovA maLe che. pachI evuM paNa banyuM che ke koIkoI paMktiomAM A prakArano sAMkaLI-yamaka hoya ane koImAM na paNa hoya. yazekharasUri-kRta prathama neminAthaphAgu'nI badhI ja 114 kaDI ane 'dvitIya neminAthaphAgu'mAM to prathamanA 24 doharA sAMkaLI baMdhanA che. A pAchalI

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180 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 kRtimAM tyAMthI zarU karIne 6 mAsa ApI che temAMnI pratyeka pahelI kaDI (25mI, 29mI, 33mI, 38mI, 4ramI, 45mI) sAdA doharAnI ane pachInI "roLAnI che. ajJAtakRta neminAtha phAga' (I.15-16mI sadI)mAM mAtra be ja ardha (kaDI 14 ane 16nA pUrvArdha) sAMkaLI-camakanA che. ahIM noMdhapAtra to e che ke AvA sAMkaLI-baMdhanA "doharA' pAchaLathI "phAgu' evI saMjJAne pAmIne pachInA keTalAye phAguomAM prayojAyA che. 4. phAguonI kamanIyatAe enA kavione chaMdonA vaividhya tarapha paNa kheMcI javAnuM karyuM che. Ano sauthI jUno namUno ratnamaMDanasUrino "raMgasAgaraneminAtha phAgu' (I.146 1 AsapAsa) maLe che. [bIjA namUnA - dhanadevagaNikRta "suraMgAbhidhanemiphAga (I.1446), ajJAta kavino "sumatisuMdarasUriphAgu' (I.14mI sadIno uttarArdha) vagere "rAsayuganA aMta najIka narasiMha mahetAnA samayanA che. enA uttarakAlanI kahI zakAya tevI racanAo AgamamANijyakRta "jinahaMsagurunavaraMgaphAga (I.15mI sadIno pUrvArdha), ajJAtakavikRta "rANapuramaMDana caturmukha AdinAtha phAga ( I. 1501 pahelAM) che.]78 A prakAranI racanAomAM sAMkaLIbaMdhanA doharAone "phAga' saMjJA ApavAmAM AvI che. A uparAMta suraMgAbhidhaneminAtha phAgu' mAM "rAsaka mathALe savaiyAnI dezI, AMdola' 'aDhayA-beu geyaprakAranI dezIo ja che te, ane khAsa dhyAna kheMce che te akSarameLa zArdUlavikrIDita vRtta moTe bhAge trei mathALe. "sumatisuMdarasUriphAgu'mAM paNa zrAvya mathALe zArdUlavikrIDita vRtta prayojavAmAM AvyuM che. saM. bhASAmAM bIjA chaMda paNa prayojAyelA che. baMnemAM "AMdola' aMte laghu akSara sAcavatAM doharAnA samacaraNanA pUrvArdhanAM be caraNa ja che. pahelA phAgumAM "aDhaIA' e bharatezvarabAhubalirAsanA AraMbhanI (16+16+13 mAtrAnAM caraNonI kaDInA rUpanI) racanA jevI 'rAsaka' mathALe racanA che, tyAre pAchalA phAgumAM e savaiyAnI dezI' ja che AvI vividhatAvALA pachI racAyelA phAguomAM vadhu mizraNo paNa maLe * che, paNa e badhAM geyatAtattva to moTe bhAge sAcavI rAkhe che.179 gusAhitya ane eno vistAra ApaNI maryAdA ahIM narasiMha mahetAnA AraMbhakALane sparza karatA rAsayuga pUratI hovA chatAM lAkSaNikatA tAravavA mATe "rAsayuga' pachI paNa jovuM paDaze. ApaNe joyuM ke phAgusAhityano viSaya to, ekAda apavAde vasaMtavihAra ja che. A vasaMtavihArane sAmAnya rIte keMdramAM rAkhI aneka phAguonI racanA thaI che. AmAM vasaMtavilAsa' (I.14mI zatAbdI pUrvArdha), 'virahadesAuri phAgu (I.15-16mI

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rAsa ane zagu sAhitya 181 zatAbdI), "cupaI phAgu' (I.14-15mI zatAbdI), "kAminIjanavilAsataraMgagIta' (I. 14-1pamI sadI), 'mohinI phAgu' (I.14-15mI zatAbdI), "phAgu' (I.1415mI zatAbdI), guNacaMdrasUrino 'vasaMtaphAgu (I.15mI zatAbdI) e mAtra rasakoTinI racanAo che. A zuddha phAgukAvyo ja che. A uparAMta paurANika-dhArmika caritrone sAthe rAkhI racavAmAM AvelA phAguomAM 'nArAyaNaphAgu' (I. 14-15 mI zatAbdI), caturbhujanI "bhramaragIta (I. 1pa20), "harivilAsa' (I. 15mI zatAbdI), ane kezava hRderAmanA kRSNakrIDAkAvya (I.1536)mAMnA 'vasaMtavilAsa' jevAmAM zrIkRSNanI vrajalIlAnAM varNana saMkaLAyelAM che, to jUnA samayathI racAye jatAM jaina phAguomAMnAM neminAtha sthUlibhadra ane jaMbusvAmI jevAnAM caritronuM nirUpaNa ApatA phAguomAM zRMgAranuM nirUpaNa karIne paNa aMte to zIlanA vijaya sAthe sAMsArika viSayabhoganA tyAgane ja lakSya karavAmAM Avyo che. Ama phAguone paNa bIjA sAhityaprakAronI jema jaina sAhityakAroe dharmopadezanAM pratIka banAvI lIdhA che. A racanAoe vasaMtavihAra-vasaMtavarNana saphaLatAthI rajU karI ApyAM che. jema tIrthaMkarAdikanA viSayanA phAga racAyA che tema keTalAka jaina sAdhuo AcAryo vagerenA viSayanA paNa phAga racAyA che. AmAM evA AcAryonI dIkSAnA ke sUripadanI prAptinA samayane lakSyamAM rAkhI racanAo thaI che, jemAM te te nAyakanI viraktinI mahattA mUrta karavAmAM paNa AvI hoya. jemAM prasaMga prApta vasaMtavarNana kavione abhISTa hoya che. A koTimAM hemaratnasUriphAga' (I.14-15mI zatAbdI), jinahaMsagurunavaraMga-phAga (I.14-15mI zatAbdI), "dharmamUrtisUriphAgu' (I.15-16mI zatAbdI), jinacaMdrasUriphAgu (I.1285), 'amararatnasUriphAga (I.1415mI zatAbdI), devaratnasUri phAgu (I.1443) ane kIrtiratnasUriphAga (I.1516mI zatAbdI) vagerene mUkI zakAya. saMskRta kAvyazAstranI paripATIe A gaNya koTinI kavitA Ape che ke nahi e rIte vicArIe to prAyaHalaMkArothI samRddha hoI keTalIka phAgu racanAone mammaTanI paribhASAmAM avara' koTimAM mUkI zakAya. e rIte paNa gujarAtI sAhityanA itihAsamAM e bhUSaNarUpa thaI paDe che. phagukAvyonA kartAo ane emanI sAhityopAsanA atyArasudhImAM maLI AvelI phAgu-kRtiomAM sauthI jUnI jinacaMdrasUriphAgu (I.1285 pachI taratamAM) jANavAmAM AvI che. pacIseka kaDIonI chelle thoDA ekavaDA ane pachI bevaDA - doharAthI baddha A nAnI racanA vacce 6 thI 20 kaDI gumAvI beThI che. eno kartA kharataragacchanA AcArya jinacaMdrasUrinA ziSyomAMno

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182 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 koI che. jinacaMdrasUri pATaNamAM1 kharataragacchanA AcArya jinaprabodhasUrinI pATe AvyA hatA. emano janma I. 1270mAM, dIkSA pATaNamAM 1276mAM, ane sUripadaprApti I. 1285mAM thaI hatI.A mahotsava vaizAkha sudi trIjaakSayatRtIyAne divase yojAyelo hoI kartAe A prasaMgane, vasaMtaRtune keMdramAM rAkhI, AlaMkArika rIte Apyo che. AlaMkArika dRSTie e sumadhura racanA hovAnuM bacelI thoDI kaDIothI samajAya che. vasaMtanA Agamanano khyAla ApI kavi jaNAve che ke, are pura pura AMbulA mauriyA, koyala harakhiya deha / are tahiM Thae Tahukae bolae...||4|| are isau vasaMtu pekhita, nAriyakuMja kAmu are siMgArAve viviha pari sahe loyaha vAmu are siri mauDu, kani kuMDalavA, koTihi navasaru hAru| are bAhahi cUDA, pAgihi neu2-kao jhaNakAru...ll ...dharaNidaha pAyAlihiM puvihiM paMDiya lo| jItauM jItauM ima bhaNai signihiM su25ti iMdu // 24 // 2 pratyeka parAmAM AMbAo upara mora AvI gayA che ane tyAM harakhe kokilA TahukA karI rahI che... AvA vasaMtane joI loko zaNagAra sajI rahyAM che: zira para mukuTa, kAnamAM suMdara kuMDaLa, kaMThamAM navasarA hAra, bAhumAM cUDA ane pagamAM nupUrano jhaNakAra. AvI RtumAM kAvyanA nAyaka jinacaMdrasUrie kAmadevane harAvI sUripadanI prApti karI. emaNe vidvAno upara vijaya meLavyo evuM svargamAM iMdra kahe che.] A phAgumAM 'nAriya-kuMjara' zabda be vA2 (kaDI 5 ane 22) prayojAyo che. strIonI evA prakAranI A gUMthaNI che ke jemAM strIono e samUhagata AkAra 'hAthI'nuM dRzya khaDuM kare che. jANavAmAM AvelI bIjI mahattvanI kRti jinapadmasUkRita 'sthUlibhadrAgu' che. jinapadmasUri pATaNamAM kharataragacchanA AcArya hatA. emane I. 1234mAM AcAryapada maLyuM hatuM. ane I. 1244mAM emanuM avasAna thayuM hatuM. 'sthUlibhadrAgu' 7 'bhAsa'mAM pratyeka 'bhAsa'nA AraMbhe 1 doharo ane pachI 3-3 roLA chaMdamAM I.12341244nA gALAmAM racAyelI namUnedAra phAgu-racanA che. phAguomAM sAmAnya rIte 'vasaMtaRtu'ne keMdramAM rAkhavAmAM AvI hoya che, jyAre 'sthUlibhadra'nA cAturmAsanA prasaMgane kAraNe A phAgumAM varSARtu mUrta thayelI jovA maLe che. A sthUlibhadra I. pU.nI 4thI sadI AsapAsa thayelA eka tapasvI jainAcArya hatA. pUrvAzramamAM

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rAsa ane phagu sAhitya 183 e pATaliputrapaTanA)nA rAjA naMdanA amAtya zakaTAlanA putra hatA. pATaliputranI kozA nAmanI gaNikAnA premamAM paDI enA ja gharamAM satata bAra varSa rahyA hatA. zakaTAlanA mRtyu bAda rAjAe emane pradhAnapada ApavAnI IcchA karelI, paraMtu zakaTAlanA nAnA putra zrI ke pradhAnapada meLavavA pitAnI ja hatyA karI nAkhI. pariNAme sthUlibhadrane vairAgya utpanna thayo ane saMbhUtivijaya nAmanA jainAcAryanI pAse jaI emaNe bhagavatI dIkSA laI lIdhI. guruno Adeza thatAM pahelo cAturmAsa pelI gaNikA kozAne tyAM ja gALavA sthUlibhadra AvI pahoMcyA. emane joI kozA khUba ja rAjI thaI, paNa yUlibhadra para koI paNa prakAranI asara upajAvI zakAI nahIM. kAmavijayI sthUlibhadra pUrA cAra mAsa kozAne tyAM vitAvI, kozAne pratibodha pamADI guru pAse AvI pahoMcyA. jaina sAhityakAroe sthUlibhadranA A madanavijayanA prasaMgane aneka racanAothI bahalAvyo che. jinapadrasUrie A prasaMgane "phAgunA rUpamAM gAyo che. sthUlibhadra kozAne tyAM jaI rahe che e vize kavi jaNAve che ke - dharmalAbhu muNivaI bhaNi citrazAli maMgeviA rahiyau sIhakisora jima dhIrima hiyaI dharevi pA jhirimiri jhirimiri jhirimiri e mahA varisaMtA khalahala khalahala khalahala e vAhalA vahaMti jhabajhaba jhabajhaba jhabajhaba e vajuliya jhavakaI tharahara tharahara tharahara e virahiNi maNu kaMpaS I6 II mahura-gaMbhIra-saraNa meha jima jima gAjate paMcabANa niya kusumabANa tima tima sAjaMte jima jima ketaki mahamahaMta parimala vihasAvaDA tima tima kAmiya caraNa lagi niya ramaNi manAvaI | chA sthUilibhadra abhigraha dhAraNa karIne kozA gaNikAne tyAM citrazALAmAM AvI rahyA. siMhabALanI jema hRdayamAM dhIraja dhAraNa karIne tyAM rahyA. e samaye vAdaLo jharamara jharamara varasI rahyAM che, vokaLA khaLakhaLa khaLakhaLa vahI rahyA che, vIjaLI jhabajhaba jhabakArA karI rahI che, virahI janonAM mana tharathara kaMpI rahyAM che. madhura gaMbhIra svarUpathI megha jemajema gAjI rahyo che tema tema kAmadeva puSpadhanvA potAnAM phUlorUpI bANa sajja karI rahyo che, jemajema maghamaghATa karatI ketakI parimala phelAvI rahI che tematema kAmI jano page paDI potAnI ramaNIone manAvI rahyA che.) kavi kozAnA zaNagAranuM paNa sumadhura surekha varNana rajU kare che, varNanAte jaNAve che ke

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184 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 nava-jovana-vilasaMta-deha navaneha-gahillI parimala-laharihi mayamayaMta raIkeli-pAhillI. ahara-biMba-paravAla-khaMDa vara-caMpAvanI nayana-salUNI ya hAva-bhAva-bahuguNa-saMpanI ||16 II [eno deha navA vauvanathI zobhI UThyo che. navA premathI e ghelI banI beThI che. ratikelimAM pahela karavA taiyAra e parimalanI laharIothI bahekI rahI che, enA hoTha paravALAnA khaMDa-zA che, enA dehano varNa caMpAnA varNa jevo che. AMkhomAM lAvaNya che, hAvabhAva vagere guNothI pUrNa che.] AvI anupama sauMdarya dharAvatI kozAnI dhUlibhadra upara kAMI asara thatI nathI, UlaTuM, sthUlibhadra kozAne upadeza ApI ene virati tarapha kheMcI jAya che. guru pAse jaI pahoMce che tyAre gurue - dukkaradukkarakAragu ti sUrihi su pasaMsila seka-samukkala-jasu lasaMtu suranaraha namaMsiu 26ll duiSkaramAM duSkara kArya karanAra tarIke enI prazaMsA karI; zaMkhanA jevo ujjavala eno yaza hato, jene suranaro namI rahyA hatA.] kavi kAvyAMte spaSTa kahe che ke A phAga khelavA mATe che ane caitra mAsamAM nartako nAcatAM A phAgu gAya che : kharatara gacchi jiNapadamasUri kiya phAga ramevala khelA nAcaI caitramAsi raMgihi gAyevI samayAnupUrvInI dRSTie, doharAnA viziSTa sAMkaLIbaMdhanI dRSTie, ane bhASAnI paNa koI koI viziSTatAnI dRSTie dhyAna kheMcanArI racanA ajJAtakartaka "vasaMtavilAsa phAga che. enI je thoDI hAthaprato saMgrahAyelI jANavAmAM AvI che temAM nakala thayAnuM varSa batAvatuM I.14para(saM.1508)nuM eka oLiyuM che. A prata sacitra che ane emAM mULa doharAono bhAva jaNAvatAM saMskRta zloka paNa ApavAmAM AvyA che. varSa dharAvatI eka bIjI prata AgrAnA jena bhaMDAranI, kAvyanI laghuvAcanA' ApatI, I. 1518 che, enI paNa gujarAtamAM ja nakala thayelI che. bRhadvAcanA' ane laghavAcanA' dharAvatuM A kAvya enA svarUpa uparathI spaSTa rIte jainetara racanA che. AraMbhamAM ja "sarasvatInI arcanA karavAnI kavie pratijJA karI che. kAvyane aMte "muMja "guNavaMta' evAM nAma maLatAM hoI emAMthI koIeka Ano karyA hovAnI saMbhAvanA karavAmAM AvI che, paraMtu zabdo evI rIte goThavAyelA che ke emAMthI mudrA' alaMkAra UThato nathI. muMja' (saM.) zabda "vayaNa'nuM mAtra vizeSaNa che

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 185 ane 'guNavaMta' to gAyakanuM ja vizeSaNa che : iNa pari nija priya raMjavaI muMja-valaNa INi ThAI dhana dhana te guNavaMta vasaMtavilAsu ji gAI || 84|| zrI munazIe eka dvArakAlIlAviSayaka phAgu sAthe samAnatAnA aMza vicArI koI natarSinI e racanA mAnI, A racanA paNa enI ja manAvavA prayAsa karyo che, paNa e vAta tarkazuddha nathI. A racanA paMdaramI zatAbdImAM to sArI rIte jANItI hatI. eka ratnamaMdiramaNie potAnI "upadezataraMgiNI' (I.146 1 najIka) nAmanI kRtimAM "aliyuga caraNa na cAMpae" e kaDI udhUta karI che ja.] hiMdInA : eka vidvAna mAtAprasAda gupta A racanAne, emAM nirUpAyelI jIvananI muktatAne kAraNe, bhAratavarSamAM thayelA muslima zAsana pahelAMnI ane e paNa uttara bhAratavarSamAM thayelI hovAnuM kahyuM che. paraMtu kAvyamAM prayojAyelA sAMkaLI-baMdha vize emane khyAla nahoto. A sAMkaLI-baMdha sAdA doharAnI "jinacaMdrasUriphAgu' (I.1285 najIka) racanA ane kRSNavarSIya jayasiMhasUrinI sAMkaLI-baMdhanI bIjA neminAtha phAgu' (I.1366)nI racanAnA vaccenA gALAnI hovAnuM spaSTa kare che. hakIkate sAhityakAro upara muslima zAsananI paNa asara thavI ja joIe evuM kAMI nathI. gujarAtamAM cheka dayArAma sudhInI racanAo joIe to enI asara sarvatra kAMI mAlUma paDatI nathI. Ama 'vasaMtavilAsa I.sa.nI 14mI zatAbdInA AraMbha AsapAsanI hovAnI zakyatA che. 'vasaMtavilAsanI "bRhada ke laghu game te vAcanAne nihALavAmAM Ave, emAM mahattvanA traNa khaMDa jovA maLe che; phAguomAM A jAtanA khaMDa asvAbhAvika paNa nathI hotA, enI mAMDaNIne e apekSita paNa che : 1. vasaMtaRtunI uddIpaka sAmagrI, 2. virahiNInI uttapta dazA, ane 3. priyatamanI prApti tathA premavilAsa. 'vasaMtavilAsamAM aMtabhAgamAM vidagdha nAyikAnI anyoktio maLe che, je pariziSTa jevI lAge che. A kAvyamAM sUcaka rIte vipralaMbha ane pachI saMbhoga ema zRMgAranAM baMne rUpa nirUpAyAM che. kAvyanA zarUnA bhAgamAM joI zakAya che ke - vasaMta taNA guNa gahagallA mahamahyA savi sahakAra... I4|| mAnini-jana-mana-kSobhana zobhana vAulA vAi nidhuvana-keli-kalAmaya-kAmiya-aMgi suhAI || 6 | vani viracyAM kadalIhara dIhara maMDapa-mAlA taliyA-toraNa suMdara vaMdaravAli vizAla 8II khelana vAvi sukhAliya jAliya gukhi vizrAmAM

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186 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 mRgamada-pUri kapUrahiM pUrihiM jala abhirAma // 9 // ...alijana vasai anaMta 2e vasaMtu tihAM paradhAna taruara-vAsaniketana ketana kizala-saMtAna // 17 188 [vasaMtanA guNa khIlI UThyA che ane sarva AMbA morathI maghamaghI rahyA che... mAnavatI strIonA manane khaLabhaLAvanArA suMdara vAyu vAI rahyA che ane e surata-krIDAthI thAkI gayelAM kAmI janonA aMgamAM sukha upajAve che... vanamAM keLanI kuTIro, maMDaponI lAMbI hAra, ane tyAM suMdara liyAM toraNa bAMdhyAM che ane vRkSonAM pAMdaDAMnI vizALa mALAo banAvI che. khelavA mATe sukha ApanArI vAvaDIo che, jemAM jALiyAM ane gokhamAM besavAnI beThako che ne jemAM kastUrIthI pUrNa kapUrayukta suMdara pANI bhareluM che... tyAM bhamarAo-rUpI apAra prajAjano vasI rahyA che, vasaMta tyAM pradhAna che, vRkSorUpI vAsagRho che. ane kUMpaLorUpI dhvaja che.] ahIM pachI kavie kAmadevanA sAmrAjyanuM paNa AlaMkArika varNana karyuM che. bIjA khaMDamAM vihariNInI uttapta dazA sUcaka rIte nirUpAI che; jemake jijima vihasa vaNasaI viNasaI mAnini-mAnu yauvana-madihiM ULpI tI daMpatI thAI juvAnu ||27nA je kamai jagati cAlaI calai virahiNi-aMgu bolaI viraha-karAliya bAliya te bahu-bhaMgu // 28 // [jemajema vanaspati khIlatI Ave che tematema mAnavatI strIonuM abhimAna nAza pAmatuM jAya che... je kAMI koI rIte jagatamAM cAlI rahyuM che te virahiNI strInA aMgane sAle che.] kavi ahIM paNa kAmottejaka sAmagrI pAchI bharI Ape che : kesuya-kali ati vAMkuDI AMkuDa mayaNa-cijANi| virahiNi-nAM iNi kAli ja kAlija kADhai tANi ||34|| ...pathika-bhayaMkara ketu ki ketuka-dala sukumAra| avara tivirahi-vidAraNa dAruNa karavata-dhAra // 36 // ati vAMkuDI kesUDAnI kaLIo jANe ke madananI AMkaDI che! A samaye ja virahiNI strIonAM kALajAM kheMcI kADhe che... ketakInAM sukumAra daLa te jANe ke paMthIjanone bhaya preranAro ketu graha na hoya !] Ama utprekSAdi alaMkArothI paNa kAvyane kavi maMDita kare che. virahiNIonI dazAnuM citra paNa :

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 187 ura vari hAru te bhAru meM samari siMgAru aMgAru cI, haraI navi caMdanuM caMdu nahi manohAru 4 || sakala-kalA tuM nizAkAra zA kare sabari saMtApu abala ma mAri kalaMkiya zaMkiya vyAM hava pApa jarA ..sakhi mujha pharakaI jAMghaDI to ghaDi bihu lagaI AjuI dUkha save hiva vAbhisu pAmasu priya taNauM rAju //46ll [chAtI upara hAra che te mane bhArarUpa che, zarIra upara zaNagAra che te aMgArA rUpa che, caMdana mArA cittane kheMcatuM nathI ane caMdra manohara lAgato nathI... saMpUrNa kaLAvALA he nizAkara caMdra, tuM zA mATe mArA zarIrane saMtApa karI rahyo che? huM kalaMkI, atyAre pApa paNa tAre vize zaMkA karI rahyAM che, mane abaLAne mAra nahi... he sakhI, mArI jAMgha to pharakapharaka thaI rahI che; be ghaDImAM Aja have sarvadu:khane huM dUra karIza ane mArA priyanuM rAjya pAmIza.] tyAM eNe kAgaDAne kA kA karato joyo ne bolI UThI : dhanu dhana vAyasa tuM sara meM saravasu tu desA bhojana kUra karAMbala AMbala jaI huM lahesu l48| desu kapUra-cI vAri re vAsi valI saru elA sovana cAMca nirUpama rUpama pAMkhaDi beu jalA hei kAgaDA, tArA svarane dhanya che, dhanya che. jo huM AMbA mArA pati)ne prApta karIza to huM tane kUra ane karamalo (cokhAnI vAnI)ApIza. huM tane kapUranI vAsavALo khorAka ApIza. e svara tuM pAcho vaLIne bola; huM sonAnI anupama cAMca ane rUpAnI be pAMkha karAvI ApIza.] kavi A pachI nAyaka-nAyikAnA samAgamanuM rocaka nirUpaNa kare che, nAyikAnAM sauMdarya-vezabhUSA vagerenuM paNa madhura nirUpaNa karI kAvyane rasasabhara karI Ape che. kavie kAvyote keTalIka suMdara anyoktio paNa bhramarane uddezIne ApI che; bezaka e na apAI hota to enAthI kAMI UNapa na raheta. Ama nAnuM paNa A kAvya tatkAlIna bhASAbhUmikAno eka ucca koTino namUno Ape che, jenuM anukaraNa maLe che, paNa tulanAmAM adhikatA nathI maLatI. jinapadmasUrinA "sthUlibhadra phAgunA namUnA upara ja, eka doharo - paraMtu roLAnI be kaDIo, e rIte nava khaMDomAM ApavAmAM Avelo rAjazekharasUrikata neminAtha phAgu I.1349 AsapAsanI racanA che. A rAjazekharasUri harSapurIya gaccha ke maladhAra

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188 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 gacchanA AcArya hatA. emanI prabaMdhakoza kiMvA "caturvizatiprabaMdha' nAmanI, prAyaH saMskRta gadyamAM, aitihyamUlaka prabaMdharacanA I.1349mAM racAyelI maLe che. saMskRta bhASAnA eka samartha koTinA e vidvAna hatA ane mahattvanA saMskRta graMthonuM emanuM pradAna jANItuM che. naiyAyika, vinodakathAkAra, aitihAsika prabaMdhonA lekhaka tatkAlIna lokabhASAmAM paNa sumadhura phAgu-racanA Ape che. neminAthanI pravrajyAne keMdramAM rAkhI lakhAyela phAguomAM emano phAgu atyAre to jUnAmAM jUno che. A phAgukAvyanA nAyaka neminAtha, jaina purANonI dRSTie, eka yAdava hatA ane dAzAha tarIke jANItA yAdavakulanA vasudeva yAdavanA sauthI moTAbhAI samudravijayanA emanI rANI zivAdevIthI thayelA putra hatA. neminAtha lagna karavA IcchatA nahotA, paraMtu emanA kAkAnA putra ane vayamAM moTA zrIkRSNanI rANIoe emane vasaMtakhelamAM sAmela karI rAjA ugrasenanI kuMvArI rAjimatI kiMvA rAjula sAthe lagna karavA manAvyA hatA. jyAre neminAthanI jAna dvArakAmAMthI pasAra thaI rahI hatI tyAre jAnaiyAone jamADavA mATe potAnA vADAmAM bAMdhI rAkhelAM pazu emanI najaramAM AvyAM. A prakAranI thanArI hiMsAno khyAla AvatAM ja emane prabala vairAgya thayo ane lagna karyA vinA ja pAchA vaLI gayA. emano revatakagiri upara dIkSA mahotsava thayo ane UrjayaMta(AjanA giranAra) parvata upara kevaLajJAna prApta thayuM. rAjimatIe paNa pati tarIke mAnelA neminAthane anusarI pravajyA lIdhI. A vastunI AsapAsa aneka jaina sAhityakAroe vividha sAhityaprakAromAM racanAo karI che. prasaMga nirvedamAM aMta pAme che chatAM lagnanuM nimitta hoI zRMgArarasane sahAre potapotAnI racanAone bahalAvavAno prayatna paNa thayo che. rAjazekharasUrinI A phAguracanA paNa kAvyanI dRSTie hRdayaMgama koTinI racanA thaI che. kavie yathAzakti zRMgArarasanI sAthosAtha kvacit alaMkArothI paNa kavitAne maDhI lIdhI che. lagna karavA kevI rIte manAvyA eno khyAla ApatAM kavi jaNAve che ke - harihalahara-sauM nemipahu khelAI mAsa vasaMto hAvi bhAvi bhijjaI nahIya bhAmiNi mAhi bhamato ||4|| aha khelaI khokhaliya nIri paNa maNi namAvI hari-aMteri mAhi ramaI puNi nAha na rAcA nayaNa-salUNau laDasaDaMtu jau vIrihiM AvI mAI bApi baMdhavihi mAMDa vIvAha manAvila /pA589 (zrIkRSNa ane haLadhara baladevanI sAthe nemi prabhu vasaMtamAsanI kIDA kare che, paraMtu strIomAM bhamatA hovA chatAM strIonA hAvabhAvathI bhIMjAtA nathI. vAvaDIomAM strIo sAthe khele che, paNa kAmadevanuM mardana kare che.

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 189 zrIkRSNanI rANIo sAthe rame che, paraMtu emanAmAM Asakti batAvatA nathI. ramatA-bhamatA neminAtha jyAre vAvane kAMThe AvyA tyAre mAbApa ane sagAMoe mAMDamAMDa vivAha karavAne mATe manAvyA.] rAjimatInuM varNana ApatAM kavie alaMkAra khAsa karIne uakSA)nI keTalIka racanA karI che : aha sAmala-komala kezapAza kiri mora-kalAu addhacaMda samu bhAla mayaNa posaI bhaDavAu vaMkuDiyAlIya bhaMhaDiyaha bhari bhuvaNu bhamADA lADI loyaNa-lahakuDalaI sura saggaha pADaI |8|| ...aha komala vimala niyaMbabiMba kiri gaMgApuliNA kari kara Uri hariNa-jaMgha pallava karacaraNa. malapati cAlati velaNIya haMsalA harAvI saMjhArAgu akAli bAlu mahakiraNa karAvaI ||11||10 riAjimatInA komaLa kALA vALa gUMthelA che te jANe ke moranI kaLA na hoya! kapALa ardhacaMdrAkAra jevuM che, jyAM kAmadeva vIra paDakAra karI rahyo che. enI vAMkI bhamara samagra jagatane bhamAvI rahI che, netronA uchALathI A bAlA devone svargamAMthI pachADI nAkhe che. enA nitaMba komaLa ane vimaLa che te jANe ke gaMgAnA kAMThA na hovA sAthaLa hAthInI sUMDha-zI che, jaMdA hariNI jevI che, hAtha paga vRkSanI kUMpaLa-zA che. malapatI cAlatI e gatimAM haMsone harAvI rahI che. nakha eTalA rAtA che ke a-samaye sAMja na hoya tyAre paNa) saMdhyAnA raMgano bhAsa Ape che. nAyikA nAyakanAM darzana kare che teve samaye - ruNajhaNa e raNajhaNa e raNajhaNa e kaDi ghughariyAliA rimijhimi rimijhimi rimijhimi e pavanaura-jayalI.. nahi Alattau valavalI seaMsuyaki-misiA akhaMDiyAlI rAyamAe priu joaI mana-risi || 21 191 [keDa uparanA kaMdorAnI ghUgharI ruNajhuNa ruNajhuNa ruNajhuNa dhvani kare che, pagamAMnAM baMne nUpura rimajhima rimajhima rimajhima avAja kare che. sapheda vastra hoya ane emAM lAla TapakAM hoya tema nakha upara aLato lagAvelo che. suMdara AMkhavALI rAjimatI pUrNa mane priyanAM darzana karI rahI che.)

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190 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 kavi A pachI neminAthanA virAganA kAraNarUpe rahelA vADAmAMnAM pazuono nirdeza karI kAvyane nirvedamAM pheravI nAkhe che, ane neminAthanA cAlyA gayA pachI rAjimatIno priyaviraha thoDA paNa sUcaka zabdomAM nirUpI karuNa vipralaMbhano khyAla Ape che. kAvyazAstranI dRSTie kadAca A zuddha vipralaMbha na hoI zake : samudavijaya sivadevi rAmu kesavu manAvA naI-5vAha jima gayau nemi bhavabhaveNu na bhAvI dharaNi dhasakkaI paDaI devi rAula vihalaMghalu roaI rijjaI vesu rUvuM bahu mannaI niphalu / 24 192 (samudravijaya, zivAdevI, balarAma ane zrIkRSNa manAve che, paraMtu nadInA pravAhanI jema neminAtha cAlyA gayA; saMsAramAM pharI AvavAnuM ene gamatuM nathI. rAjimatI khUba khUba vihuvala banI dharaNI upara dhabAka daIne paDe che, rue che, kakaLe che, ane potAnA veza-rUpane taddana niSphala mAne che.] kavino tatkAlIna bhASA upara sAro kAbU che ane bhASAne enA svAbhAvika svarUpamAM suMdara zabdAvalIothI kazA ADaMbara vinA ramatI khelatI batAve che. I.13pa3no koI halarAjano "yUlibhaddaphAga' jANavAmAM Avyo che. vastu navuM nathI. I.1366 AsapAsa neminAthane lagatA be phAgu kRSNavarSIya jayasiMhasUrinA maLe che. A vidvAna paNa maladhArI rAjazekhara jevA bahuzruta che. I.136 6nuM emanuM saMskRta kumArapAlacarita mahAkAvya ane bhAsarvajJanA nyAyasAra' uparanI nyAyatAtparyadIpikA TIkA enI pratIti karAve che. neminAtha phAgu' e mathALe emanA bhinnabhinna be rAsa bhinnabhinna dhATIe, punarukti vinA racAyelA maLe che. prathama neminAtha phAgu' jinapadrasUrinA "sthUlibhadaphAgu' ane rAjazekharanA "neminAtha phAgu'nI dhATIe 7 bhAsamAM vibhakta thayelo che. prathamathI cha bhAsamAM eka doharo ane eka ja roLA che. dvitIya neminAtha phAgu' 'vasaMtavilAsanI jema sAMkaLIbaMdha doharAomAM che. Ama phAgunA baMne prakAranA baMdhono yogya rIte upayoga karI le che. e jaina phAguono paricaya to dharAve ja che, e ja paddhatino samAdara che, tethI; paraMtu vasaMtavilAsanI to enI racanAomAM chAyA paNa jovA maLe che. vasaMtavilAsanA virahiNI-varNanano A doharo : ura vari hAru te bhAru meM sAyari siMgAru aMgAru cI, haraI navi caMdanuM caMdu nahi manohAru javA jayasiMhasUrinI racanAmAM - "prathama neminAtha phAgu'mAM -

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 191 hAru tAsu prANApahAru, siMgAro aMgAro.. 29 'dvitIya neminAtha phAgumAM - tAvaI maha tanu caMdanuM, caMda duhakaMdu... I49ll vasaMtavilAsanI maulikatA eTalI spaSTa che ke A kavinI racanAnuM anukaraNa karavA jeTale A bAju vasaMtavilAsakArane AvavApaNuM rahetuM nathI. baMne "phAgunA kathAvastumAM kAMI navInatA nathI, chatAM nirUpaNamAM kavinI svataMtra pratibhA UDIne AMkhe vaLage che : lahavi vasaMtu sahAIvau, taruNiya balu avilaMbiA sacarAcaru jagi vasi kiyeu mayaNa muhatu avilaMbi I 6 i193 visaMtaRtune madadamAM laI, taruNI strIonI senAno AdhAra laI subhaTa kAmadeve jhaTavAramAM sacarAcara jagatane vaza karyuM. rAjimatInuM varNana karatAM : mayaNa suhaDa karivAla sarisa siri veNIya-daMDo kaMti-samunlalu tAsu vayaNa samibiMbua-saMDo bhAla-thalu aThThImaya caMdu, kiri kena hiMDolA bhamuha dhaNaha-sama vipula, capala loyaNa kaMcolA IbhA dappaNa-nimmala tasu kapola, nAsA tila-kUlA hIrA jima jhalakata daMta-paMtihi nahi mullA ahiru pravAlaU kaMThuM karaI koIla-sau vAdo rAjala vANiya veNa viNa UtAraI nAdo I1014 (rAjimatInA mastaka uparano veNIdaMDa subhaTa kAmadevanI talavAra jevo che. tejathI ujvalita enuM mukhaDuM akhaMDa caMdrabiMba che. bhAlapradeza AThamanA caMdrarUpe che, kAna jANe ke hiMDoLA che, bhamara dhanuSanI jema vizALa che, capala nayano kacoLAM jevAM che. enA gAla arIsAnA jevA nirmaLa che; nAka talanA choDanA phUla jevuM che, dAMtonI paMkti hIrAonI jema prakAzI rahI che, jenuM mUlya thAya ema nathI. hoTha paravALA jevA che, kaMTha kokilanI sAthe vAda karI rahyo che. rAjimatInI vANI karatAM baMsI ane vINAno nAda UtaratI kakSAno lAge che. nAyikA jyAre nAyakanAM darzana pAme che tyAre .

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192 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 peSavi varu AvaMtu sahiya rAjala ima jaMpai| loyaNa dhruva tuM kara-nadeva, varu Avai saMpai| lADiya lADahiya gaSa caDita, paccakhkhu aNaMgo| jovaI priya sarvAMgu caMgu, mani pAvai raMgo || 22 // jima jima lADiya capala nayaMNa jovai niya nAho| tima tima raMguna mAi aMga, mani mAhi umAho| taNi dAhiSNu nayaNu kuri, jANiu kuramANi| pariNai nemi na iNi samiya ima bolai rANI ||23||195 [sau sAthe AvatA varane joIne rAjimatI kahe che : he devI, tuM tArA netrane dhruva sthira karI dene, vara atyAre AvI rahyA che. bAlA gavAkSa upara caDIne jue che to sAme pratyakSa kAmadeva ja rahelo che. priyanAM sarvasuMdara aMgone e nihALe che ane manamAM AnaMda pAme che. jemajema bAlA capaLa netrothI potAnA nAthane jue che tematema aMgomAM AnaMda samAto nathI. manamAM utsAha che, basa e ja samaye DAbI AMkha pharakI. jANyuM ke nAtha krUra thayo che, rANI rAjimatI kahe che ke A samaye nemi paraNavAnA nathI.] kavie apazukanano prasaMga lAvI prasaMgonuM aucitya sAcavI ApyuM che. phAguno RturAja vasaMtanA samayamAM ramavAmAM upayoga thato hato e chelle kavi batAve che: bhaviya jijJesara-bhavaNa raMgiturAu mevau| kanharisI jayasiMhasUri-kiu phAgu kahevau 532 196 kavino 'dvitIya neminAthajJagu' 53 doharAnI nAnI kRti chatAM 'vasaMtavilAsa'ne AMbavAno prayatna karatI anubhavAya che, zabdAvalIo hRdayaMgama prayoje che, paraMtu alaMkArano uThAva joIe tevo thato nathI. kvacit sohai sira vari rAjala kAjala-sAmala veNi bhAlu su mayaNa-varAsaNuM, sAsaNu dIdhu tANI ||21||197 cAliu 2ha vira Aruhi sArahi sahitu jihiMdu| pUddhihi cAliya jAdava bhAdava kari dhana-vRMdu ||33||198 [rAmitInA mastaka upara kAjaLanA jevI kALI veNI zobhI rahI che. kapALa kAmadevanuM uttama sthAna banI rahyuM che... uttama ratha upara ArUDha thaIne sArathinI sAthe jineMdra nemi cAlyA varaghoDo nIkaLyo. pAchaLa yAdavo cAlyA Ave che; jANe ke bhAdaravA mahinAmAM meghanAM vRMda na hoya!] paraMtu ucca prakAranI kAvyaracanA thaI zakatI nathI; zabdasauMdarya che te mukhyatve -

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rAsa ane zagu sAhitya 193 doharAnA sAMkaLIbaMdhane laIne ja. kavi Ane dharmakathA ja mAne che ane tethI ja kAvyAMte phAga sAMbhaLatAM ane kahetAM pApa dUra nAse che' ema kahe che : phAgu re suNataha guNataha pApu pANAsaI dUri | 23 /(19 I.136 6 pachInA samayamAM racAyelI eka phAgu-racanA prasannacaMdrasUrikRta 'rAvaNipArzvanAtha phAgu' nAmanI maLe che. kAvyote kavi jaNAve che te pramANe e uparanA jayasiMhasUrinA ziSya jaNAya che. rAvaNi e rAjasthAnamAM alvara pAse AveluM eka gAma che. tyAMnA pArzvanAtha maMdiranA mUlanAyakanI prazastirUpe A kAvya racAyeluM che ane emAM kavi vanazrInA varNana nimitte vasaMtanuM varNana karI pUjAvidhi paNa nirUpI le che. baMdhanI dRSTie traNa bhAsa ApI che, jemAM zarUmAM 1-1 kaDI doharAnI ane pachI pahelI bhAsamAM nava roLA, bIjImAM cAra roLA, ane chellImAM eka roLA che. kRti zabdanI jhaDajhamakathI bharelI che; ane chaMdra thI khelavAnuM mAtra abhISTa che. vanaspati ane phUlavelIonAM nAmonI paraMparA ApI moTe bhAge saMtoSa le che. rasa ane alaMkAra baMneno A kRtimAM abhAva varatAya che. sthUlibhadra ane neminAthanI mAphaka jaMbusvAmInuM kathAnaka phAgu kAvyanI dRSTie paNa kartiono varNa viSaya banyuM che. koI ajJAta kavie emane nAyaka banAvI I.1374mAM jaMbusvAmIphAgu'nI racanA karelI jANavAmAM AvI che. jaMbusvAmI paNa sthUlibhadranI jema eka prabhAvaka AcArya hatA ane jaina paraMparAmAM e chellA kevalI tarIke jANItA che. emanuM vatana rAjagRhapaTanA). tyAMnA zreSThI RSabhadattanA emanI dhAriNI nAmaka patnIthI thayelA e putra. emanuM sagapaNa rAgRhanI ja ATha ibhya kanyAo sAthe thayuM hatuM. eka vAra vasaMtaRtune TAMkaNe jaMbukumAra potAnA parivAra sAthe najIkanA vaibhAragiri upara krIDA karavA gayA hatA. tyAMthI pAchA pharyA tyAre guNazIlacaityamAM emane mahAvIra svAmInA gaNadhara sudharmAnA svAmIno samAgama karavAno yoga maLyo. emanI amRta vANInA zravaNathI jaMbukumAranuM citta saMsArathI virakta thaI gayuM hatuM. ghera AvyA pachI mAtAnI parama bhAvanA hatI ke putranAM lagna thAya. e mATe putrane AgrahapUrvaka lagna mATe manAvyA. kumAre zarata karI ke lagna pachI pote dIkSA leze. mAtAe saMmati ApI. rAte jaMbukumAra vAsagRhamAM jaI rahyA. badhAM UMghI gayAM hatAM, paNa kumAra jAgatA paDyA hatA. lagnaprasaMga hoI sAro taDAko paDaze ema mAnI prabhava nAmano cora corI karavA Avyo. tyAM prabhAva temaja enA sAthIdArone kumAre pratibodha karyo ane potAnI AThe patnIo sAthe sudhamAM svAmIne hAthe dIkSA lIdhI. prabhave paNa dIkSA lIdhI, jene sudharmA svAmIe jaMbusvAmInA ziSya tarIke soMpyo. AmAM vaibhAragiri para javAnA prasaMgane ane

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194 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 pachI AvatA lagnanA prasaMgane pakaDIne phAgune anurUpa racanA sAdhavAmAM AvI che. upamA jevA sAdA alaMkArono upayoga karI kavi sAMkaLI-baMdhavALA tresaTha doharAomAM kAvyane bAMdhe che : tAsa dharaNI guNadhAraNI dhAraNI nAma prasiddha amIyaveli jima maMdira, suMdarI zIli samiddha III jaMbukuma tasu naMdana, naMdanataru samu chAyu kAya-kaMti bahu bhAsahu, dAsasnau jima rAu //pA ja RiSabhadattanI guNavatI dhAraNI nAmanI patnI hatI; maMdiramAM jema amRtavallI hoya tevI e zIlamAM samRddhi dharAvatI hatI. ene jaMbukumAra nAmano putra hato je naMdanavRkSa-pArijAtanI chAyA jevI zItala chAyAvALo hato. ane divasanA rAjA sUryanI jema zarIranI kAMtimAM khUba tejasvI hato. vananuM varNana karatAM - paMthIya-jana-mana-damaNau damaNau dekhi anaMga raMga dharaI mana gahula, mahuu pallava caMgu ||11|| kAmiNi-mana taNu kaMpaka caMpaka vana bahayaMti kAma-vijayadhaja jamalIya kadalIya lahalakaMti ||12A2mAM pithikajanonA mananuM damana karanArA damanaka vRkSane joIne kAmadeva manamAM bhAre gaurava dhAraNa kare che. maravAnAM pallava suMdara che. kAminIonAM manane dhrujAvanAro caMpo vanane suvAsita karI rahyo che. kAmadevanA vijayadhvaja jevI keLa pharakapharaka karI rahI che.] e pelI ATha kanyAonA varNanamAM upamA uparAMta vyatireka jevA alaMkAronA paNa upayoga karI le che, paraMtu kavi khIlI zakato nathI ane cIlAcAlu varNanomAM ja sarI paDe che. kAvya jaMbukumAra ane AThe strIonI dIkSAmAM sarI paDatuM hoI nirveda aMtavALuM banI rahe che, paraMtu eno upAya ja nathI. kavine eno A phAgu khelano viSaya che, jemake phAgu vasati je khelaI, velaI suguNa-nidhAnA vijayavaMta te chAjai, rAjai tilaka samAna /5902 visaMta RtumAM je phAga khele che, sadgaNI evo je rame che, te vijayI thaI rahe che ane tilakanI jema zobhI rahe che.. A phalazrutithI eNe A kathAnakane dharmacarita tarIke rajU karyuM che. bhinnabhinna

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 195 sAhityaprakAronI pAchaLa jaina, ane uttarakALamAM jenetara, kathAkAronuM paNa A ja dhyeya rahyuM che. phAgune anurUpa vastu na hovA chatAM phAguprakAra Ubho karavAno prayatna ApaNe doharA-roLA baMdhanA "rAvaNipArzvanAtha phAgu'mAM joyo. merunaMdana-kRta "jIrApallI pArzvanAtha phAgu' paNa I.1376 (saM.1432)mAM203 thayelo evo prayatna che, chaMdobaMdhanI dRSTie jotAM A phAgumAM doharAno 'vasaMtavilAsa' prakArano sAMkaLI-baMdha lIdho che eTalo mukhya taphAvata. jirAvalI e Abu pAse AveluM eka gAma che ane prAcIna jaina tIrtha che. tyAMnA pArzvanAtha maMdiranA mUlanAyakane lakSya karI pArzvanAthanI yAtrAnimitte prasaMgavazAtu emAM vasaMta vagere dAkhala karI "phAguno prakAra sAdhI Apyo che. A kAvyanA kartA merunaMdana kharataragacchanA jinodayasUrinA ziSya hatA. sUripadaprAptiprasaMgane keMdramAM rAkhI vivAhalA-prakAranuM "jinodayasUri vivAhaluM' AmanI ja racanA che. eka 'ajitazAMtistavana' paNa emanuM maLe che. AraMbhamAM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAthanuM saMkSipta carita ApI jirAvalImAM sthApita thayelA pArzvanAthanuM kevuM mAhAbhya che e batAvyuM che. enuM darzana karavA dUra dUrathI zrAvako Ave che temAM gujarAta saurASTra mAravADa siMdha dilhI nAgora dakSiNa vagere dezomAMthI AvelI zrAvikAo guNa gAya che. AvA tIrthamAM madane kSobha anubhavI vasaMta Rtuno vistAra karyo, vanaspati khIlI UThI, pakSIo AnaMdamAM AvI gayAM. A samaye 'virahiNI sakhIne kahe che : sakhI kahe, nAtha A samaye kevI rIte Ave? mArA dehane lagAvavAmAM AvatuM zItaLa caMdana ane A caMdra mArI pIDA zamAvatAM nathI." vagere. raja AkhA kAvyamAM zabdonI suMdara gUMthaNI sivAya kAvyatattvanAM khAsa darzana thatAM nathI. kavi thaMbhaNapurI serIsA phalodI kareDA zaMkhezvara paMcAsara e sthaLonA pArzvanAtha-mUlanAyakone yAda kare che ane potAnA samayamAM A tIrtho astitvamAM hovAnA aitihAsika tattvane poSaNa Ape che. 205 A samaya AsapAsa racAyAnI saMbhAvanA che tevo koI samudharano neminAtha phAgu jANavAmAM Avyo che.204 dareka ardhane AraMbhe geyatAne mATe are pada sAcavato A aThThAvIsa kaDIono sAdA doharA-baMdhano phAgu che. kartA samudhara koNa hato e jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI. enuM kathAvastu paNa koI ajANyuM nathI. kavi raivatakagirinA sahasAgra vanamAM yAdavo pahoMcyA tyAMthI vastu vistAre che. thoDAM vanaspatinAma, kokila-mayUra-bhramara-kinaranA AnaMda-varNana bAda kaSNa-nemino vAvaDImAM vihAra, pachI soLa hajAra gopI (zrIkRSNanI rANIo) sAthe nemino vihAra, chatAM virakti, zivAdevI tathA zrIkRSNanI paTarANIono saMvAda vagere pasaMda karelI madhura zabdAvalIomAM jovA maLe che. aMta neminAthanI viraktimAM Ave che ane A phAgu

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196 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 khela mATe hovAnuM aMte sUcave che. hakIkate sAdI vArtA ApavA sivAya vizeSa koI tattva A phAgumAMthI maLatuM nathI. Avo ja eka sAdo neminAthaphAgu' koI padmano maLyo che. cauda kaDIono A phAgu sAdA doharAomAM racAyelo che ane kavitAnI dRSTie paNa emAM koI vaicitrya nathI. neminAthanA maMdira samakSa 'gujara' dharatInI nArI phAgu khelatI batAvAI che. cIlA-cAlu zabdAvalI sivAya kazuM maLatuM nathI. teramI kaDImAM sAmAnya upamA ApI saMtoSa lIdho che, jemake - haMsa sarovari jima milyA, mahuvara jima vaNarAyA pauma bhaNai tima sAmiya-calaNe mujha manu jAi ||13|| 208 [jema sarova2mAM haMsa maLyA hoya, vanarAjimAM jema bhamA hoya, te pramANe pauma' (saM. padma) kahe che ke svAmI neminAthanA caraNamAM mana jAya che.] A padma te 'sthUlibhadra phAgu'nA kartA jinapadmasUri hovAnI koI zakyatA nathI. 'sAlibhadrakakka' ane 'dUhAmAtRkA' eka 'pauma'nI racanAo che te, saMbhave che ke, A ja 'pauma'nI hoya. e baMne kRtio A phAgu karatAM vadhu ucca koTinI cheH eka caritrAtmaka che, bIjI upadezAtmaka subhASitonA rUpamAM che. jemanAM racyAvarSa nathI maLyAM tevA bIjA paNa thoDA phAgu jANavAmAM AvyA che. temAM ajJAta kavino puruSottama pAMca pAMDava phAga' che. I.14 mI-15mI zatAbdInI saMdhi AsapAsa AvI racanA thAyanI saMbhAvanA che. kAvyanuM vastu evuM che ke pAMce pAMDavone emanA lagna pachI draupadI sAthe laIne pAMDu rAjA hastinApuramAM Ave che, je vakhate nagaramAM emanA satkArano utsava UjavAya che. e pachI gaMgA-yamunAnA doAbamAM AvelA kulaparvata upara pAMDavo ane yAdavo krIDA karavA jAya che te vakhate khIlI UThelI vasaMtaRtunuM kavi varNana karI 'phAgu'nuM rUpa sAcavI Ape che. A krIDAnA aMte nArada AvI RSitIrthonA vaMdananuM mAhAtmya kahe che. eka doharo ane babbe roLA, doharAnuM cothuM caraNa roLAnA pahelA caraNamAM AvRtta thayuM hoya tema, ema ATha bhAsamAM covasI kaDIono A nAno phAgu che. A praNAlI 'sthUlibhadraphAgu' jeTalI jUnI che ja. kavi kAvyamAM suMdara padAvalIo rAbetA mujaba Ape ja che. bezaka, kvacit alaMkAra paNa prayojI le che. kuLaparvata upara karelA maMDapane mATe maMca - misihi kiri suravimANa mihayali avatAriu // 2 // [maMcane bahAne jANe ke devonuM vimAna pRthvItala upara utAryuM!] 209

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 197 makAnomAMnI pUtaLIo - nAcati kiri tima pUtalIya tribhUvana-mana mohaI || 3 | 10 jANe ke nAcatI hoya te pramANe traNe bhuvanamAM manane moha kare che. kavi coTadAra prasaMgacitro mAtra UbhAM karavA prayatna kare che, paraMtu zabdAlaMkArothI AgaLa vadhI zakato nathI. cheka 18mI kaDImAM vasaMtAgamana sUcave che, je nAnuM mAtra cIlA-cAlu varNana ja che : kivi vINahi nava kusuma, kevi guMthahita varamAlahi kivi dolA-rasi ramAI, kevi vAyahi vara tAla hi kivi nAcaI mana-raMgi, kevi khelaI tihi phAgo! kivi vAyaMti vasaMta nAmi pavaDiya vara rAgo /21|| 11 [koI veNImAM navAM kusuma, koI varamAlAnuM grathana, koI hiMDoLAnI ramata, koI tAlInuM vAdana, koI manaraMge nAca. koI phAga vasaMtano khela, koI vasaMtanA nAme anurAga utpanna thatAM vAditranuM vAdana kare che.] A eka ja namUno kavinI narI zabdALutA batAvavA pUrato che. Aja dhATIno eka eka doharo ane pachI traNa traNa roLA ApatI cAra bhAsamAM racAyelo ajJAta kavino "bharatezvara cakravartI-phAga' A samayanI AsapAsano jANavAmAM Avyo che. RSabhadevano pATavIkumAra bharata cakravartI rAjA thayA pachI yathAsamaya pAMca prakAranA bhoga bhogavato hato. e prasaMgane anurUpa enI rAjadhAnI ayodhyAnuM, enA rAjavaibhavanuM ane rANIone laI bharata vasaMtakrIDA karavA jAya che, e prakAranuM prathama sAdhI phAguno viSaya banAvI levAmAM Avyo che. kavine potAnI vANImAM alaMkAro gUMthI levAnI zakti che : sovana-vatra visAla sAla amarAvaI tullA... | II vANI bolaI muhura vimala kiri gaMgA-vANI(pANI) .... 3 kaMcaNagora sarIra.... || 6 |212 [ayodhyAnagarInAM sabhAsthAna amarAvatI jevAM che. rAjA bharata je vANI uccAre che te jANe ke gaMgA nadInuM nirmaLa pANI na hoya. enuM zarIra kAMcananA jevuM gaura hatuM. bIjI rIte vanavarNana cIlAcAlu ja che. A bharate eka vAra arIsAmAM vibhUSaNo vinAnuM potAnuM zarIra joyuM ane ene kevaLa jJAna thayuM ane ema

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198 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 siddhi vahU varamAla kaMThi melTaya supasatrA ||19213 suprasatra siddhirUpI vahue enA kaMThamAM varamALA AropI. sAdA doharAbaMdhano sama2-kRta neminAtha phAgu' mAtra 10 kaDIonI racanA che. emAM neminAthanI pravrajyA pachInI rAjimatInI virahavyakti mAtra che. ene 'phAgu' kahevAthI kazo vizeSa artha sarato nathI. Ane vipralaMbha zRMgArano aMza jALavatuM mAtra virahagAna ja kahI zakAya. 214 caMdA kahi-na saMdesaDau, vInataDI avidhAri zuddhi pUcchauM yAdava taNI, tU jAisigirinAra 1.6 || koila karai TahUkaDA baiThI aMbalA-DAli viraha saMbhArima pApaNI, jA jaI yAdava vAli ||7|| [he caMdra, mArI vinaMti sAMbhaLa, saMdezo kahI Avane. yAdava (mi)nI bhALa pUchuM chuM; tuM giranAra jaIza ne? koyala, tuM AMbAnI DALa upara besIne TahukA kare che, he pApaNI, virahanI yAda na Apa, Ine yAdava(naimi)ne pAcho vALI Ava.] guNacaMdrasUriSkRta 'vasaMtaphAgu' paNa A samayanI racanA che. koI koI kaDImAM ja sAMkaLIbaMdha sAcavatI 16 doharAonI A nAnI phAgu-racanA che; emAM vasaMtaRtunuM saMkSepamAM citra khaDuM karavAno prayatna che. A sUrinA viSayamAM vizeSa koI hakIkata meLavavI muzkela che. thoDo camatkAra lAvavAno prayatna che ja; jema ke kArmiNi kAraNi bhamaralu mAjhima rAtA kAcI kaliyama bhogavI, vana vibhAti ||2||15 madhyarAtrie bhamI rahyo che. kAcI potAnI priyAne meLavavA mATe bhamaro kaLI bhogavato nahi; navanavI bhAte vana bhogavaje.] bIjI rIte cIlA-cAlu prakArathI kavi AgaLa vadhI zakato nathI. kvacita ja are hIraDA tai hira pUjIu, ki jAgu sivarAti gorI kaMTha na Uti, sArI dIha niti ||14||16 [he hIrA, teM haribhagavAnanuM pUjana karyuM che ke zivazatri jAgyo che, kAraNa ke divasa ane rAtri tuM gaurAMga strInA gaLAmAMthI heTho Utarato nathI.'] A racanA geya che enI nizAnI bIjI kaDI pAse AvatI ('Teka' ke dhruva'nA arthano) zabda che, vaLI chellI traNa kaDIonA pUrvArdhonI AgaLa ada

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 199 lakhAyelo che. 217 dhyAna kheMce tevo to eka "nArAyaNa-phAgu' che. e I.1441 pahelAMnI racanA che. A phAgu doharA-phAgu-aDhayA-rAsaka chaMdomAM maLe che. A racanA pATaNa pAse AvelA dhiNoja gAmamAM thaI che. eka kaDImAM "kIratibheru samANa (kaDI 49) evA nirdezathI zrI munazIe kirtimaru nAmanA jaina sAdhunI racanA hovAnI saMbhAvanA karI che. I. 1441nI je nakala maLI kahI che te kIrtimera nAmanA jainasAdhanA hAthanI lakhelI hoI e ja A garbhita ullekhathI abhISTa hovAno emano mata che. je avataraNo ApavAmAM AvyAM che, AraMbhamAM 'vasaMtavilAsa' jema "sarasvatIthI je maMgalAcaraNa karyuM che, ane je aMta che te jotAM racanA 'vasaMtavilAsa' jema jainetara hovAnI vadhu zakyatA che. 'vasaMtavilAsanI sAthe keTaluMka sAmya avazya che, paNa e ekakartaka prakAranuM nahi, paNa anukaraNAtmaka prakAranuM che. jyAM jyAM doharAbaMdha prayojyo che tyAMtyAM sAMkaLI-baMdhano samAdara karyo che, chatAM phAgu-ayA-rAsaka chaMdono prayoga karelo hoI 'vasaMtavilAsa' pachI cheka somasuMdara-mANikya-caMdrasUri-dhanadevagaNi vagerenA samayanI racanAonI nikaTatA vadhu spaSTa thaI rahe che. e 64 kaDIonI racanA che. emAM AraMbhamAM saurASTranuM, pachI sArikAnuM, ane pachI dvArakAstha zrIkRSNanAM parAkrama ane vaibhavanuM yazogAna che. vasaMta Rtuno samaya AvatAM vanadeve zrIkRSNane vanavihAra mATe vinaMti karI. e uparathI paTarANIo sAthe eo vanamAM gayA ane tyAM vasaMtavihAra karyo, zrIkRSNa muralInuM vAdana karyuM. gopAMganAo paTarANIo ane bIjI hajAro rANIo) tAlapUrvaka samUhabaddha nRtta karavA lAgI. rAsa ramatAMramatAM zrIkRSNa vanamAM UMDe javA lAgyA ane rANIone ghera javA kahyuM. rANIoe zrIkRSNano mArga rokI rAkhyo ane pachI zrIkRSNa rANI sAthe vanakrIDA karI. vasaMtavilAsanI jema uttama prakAranI kavitA nathI, chatAM thoDA alaMkAronI samRddhi ApavA kavi cAhe che : gopiya sahasa aDhAra bihu UNu parivArA rUvihiM rativatI e, gRhaguNa gaNavatI e II16II nAriya tananA raMga, abhinava-phUlanA raMgA siri bhari surataru e, mohaI surataru e 1LA 218 [aDhAra hajAra gopIosoLa hajAra ATha rANIone badale)no vizALa parivAra che. rUpamAM e rati jevI che ane gharanA guNoe guNavatI che. nArIonAM zarIrono raMga abhinava nAraMgI-phUlonA jevo che. mastako upara phUlo bharyA che tenAthI jANe ke nArIo pArijAta vRkSo na hoya! enAthI devo ane manuSyo moha pAme che.)

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200 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 41-49 kaDIomAM 'AMdola' nIce 'sAraMgadhara' dhruvapaMktivALuM eka gIta pakaDAya che. emAM eka kaDIno bhAva - tArA mAhi jima caMdra, gopiya mAhi mukuMdA paNamai sura nara iMda, sAraMgadhara. // 48 219 [tArAmAM jema caMdra te rIte gopIomAM bhagavAna mukuMda che, jemane devo manuSyo ane iMdra namana kare che.] Ama thoDIka alaMkArikatAne apavAde varNano cIlA-cAlu madhura zabdAvalIothI ja maMDita che. I.15mI zatAbdInA aMtabhAgamAM lagabhaga prathama kakSAnA kahI zakAya tevA jaina vidvatkavione hAthe namUnedA2 racanAo thayelI jANavAmAM AvI che. nArAyaNa phAgu'mAM je chaMdovaividhya prApta thAya che te jyazekharasUrinA be neminAthajJagu'ne apavAde, vadhu suzliSTa svarUpe jovA maLe che. mAtra jayazekharasUrie emanA beu phAgumAM sAMkaLI-baMdhano doharo lIdho che ane Ama emaNe jUnI praNAlIno samAdara karyo che. A jayazekharasUri AMcalika gacchanA maheMdraprabhasUrinA ziSya hatA. e saMskRta ane prAkRta bhASAnA samartha kavi ane vidvAna hatA. I.1380thI laI I.1406 sudhImAM thayelI racanAomAM 'prabodhaciMtAmaNi' I.1406, dhammilacarita kAvya' 'jainakumArasaMbhava kAvya' ane 'naladamayaMtI caMpU' emanI kAvyakRtio che. e naiyAyika paNa hatA. 'nyAyamaMjarI' emano nyAyaviSayaka graMtha che. A uparAMta emanI pAsethI saMkhyAbaMdha saMskRta temaja eka prAkRta graMtha paNa maLe che. tribhuvanadIpaka prabaMdha' e rUpakakAvya emanA prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi'nA vastu upara lokabhASAmAM racAyelI kRti che. A kAvyamAM emaNe akSarameLa vRttono paNa upayoga karyo che, 'bolI' mathALe gadya paNa lakhyuM che. 'arbudAcala-vInatI' to 9 kaDInuM 'dhruvilaMbita vRtta'nuM sarjana che. A kavino prathama neminAthAgu' 114 sAMkaLIbaMdhanA doharAonI racanA che. kAvyanuM vastu suprasiddha che. dvArakA ane zrIkRSNanuM 1-1 kaDImAM varNana ApI pachI zrIkRSNanA pitarAI bhAI neminAthanuM varNana karatAM zrIkRSNane halabalAvI nAkhyAnuM suMdara zabdAvalIthI kahe che. zrIkRSNa ane nemi krIDA karavA nIkaLe che te vakhate kavi vasaMtane avatAre che, jemAM vanaspatinI khilavaNI, virahI janono saMtApa vagere ApI batAve che ke - beu baMdha balabandhura siMdhura jima vana-tIra khelaIM vipula khaDokhalI AkalI pADatI nIri 220 [baliSTha evA zrIkRSNa ane nemi beu bhAI vananI sarahade jatA hAthIonI

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 201 jema vizALa vAvamAM okaLI pADatA khele che. e vakhate gatimAM haMsane harAvatI zrIkRSNanI rANIo khelavA Ave che.] kavi ahIM jalakrIDA nirUpe che. ahIM pachI zrIkRSNanI rANIo nemine yauvana veDaphI na nAkhavA jaNAve che. pachI rAjimatI sAthe vivAha karavAnuM sUcavAya che - sagAMsaMbaMdhIonA bhojana pachI va2-zaNagAra karavAmAM Ave che. ahIM svabhAvokti alaMkAranI kaDIo kavi jamAvI zake che caMdana deha vilepanuM lepa na lAgai piMDi ||36521 [deha upara caMdanano lepa karavAmAM Avyo, paNa deha lipta thato nathI enA manane kazI asara thatI nathI.] varaghoDo AgaLa vadhe che ane rAjimatI gokha upara caDIne jue che. e rAjI thAya che tyAM to nemikumAranI najara bhojana mATe bAMdhelAM pazuo upara paDe che. kumAra mahAvatane pUche che ane enI pAsethI jANe che ke e lagnotsavanA bhojana mATe che, ane vicAre che ke, camarI jima cala lakhamIya viSamIya viSayanI vAta... eka ji avihaDa upazama rasa majha hiyai samAi // 44 // 222 [camarInI jema lakSmI cala che, viSayanI vAta vasamI che... eka mAtra upazama rasa ja mArA hRdayamAM samAI rahyo che.] aMte kAvya nirvedamAM pUrNa thAya che. dvitIya neminAthAgu'mAM pahelI bhAsa 24 doharAonI che, bIjI bhAsathI sAtamI sudhInA 1-1 doharA ane 3-3 roLA che, sAtamImAM eka vadhu roLA che. pahelI bhAsanA covIse doharA sAMkaLI-baMdhanA che. eka rIte prathama neminAthaphAgu'no bIjA zabdomAM anuvAda ja che. cit sAdA alaMkAra Ape che; jema ke raMbha samANiya rANiya sirasau deva muri / pariNaya kAji manAvai, nAvaI nemi vicAri || 8 ||223 [raMbhAnA jevI rANIonI sAthe rahIne murArideva zrIkRSNa paraNavA mATe manAve che. paraMtu nemine eno vicAra Avato nathI.] kavie lagabhaga cIlAcAlu prakAranuM vasaMta-varNana ahIM ApyuM che : svabhAvokti dIpatI lAge che. AgaLa jatAM rAjimatInA varNanamAM emAM

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202 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 lADiya luhuDiya addhacaMda sama laDaha biDAla / 27| vallaI vINA veNu-vaMsu samu kaMThi ninAdo | pINa- pahara-juyalu karaI karikuMbha vivAdo || 28 || rAjaladeviya-bhayajuyalo naliNanAla sukumAlu aruNa surehaI pANitalo, nAI azoka-pravAla I. 29 224 nAnI bAlAnuM kapALa ardhacaMdra jevuM suMdara che, enA kaMThamAM vINA ane baMsInI jema dhvani UThI rahyo che, enA bharAvadAra payodhara hAthInA kuMbhasthaLanI sAthe vivAda kare che. rAjimatInA bAhu kamaLanA nALa jevA sukumAra che, hatheLI surekha ane rAtIcoLa che, jANe ke azoka vRkSano aMkura na hoya!] kavi nemikamAranA varNanamAM paNa thoDI upamA ApI kAvyane hRdayaMgama banAvavA prayatna kare che. aMte rAjimatInA nirvedAMta karuNa vipralaMbhane rajU karI kavi thoDI karuNatA jamAve che. bezaka, ucca prakAranI kavipratibhA pUrNa thaI zakatI nathI. chaMdonA vaividhyavALo, vizeSe zArdUlavikrIDita jevA vRttane aneka vAra prayojato eka raMgasAraga-nemiphAga maLe che. e 37-45-37 kaDIothI traNa khaMDomAM vaheMcAyelo che. A kAvyanA kartA tapagarachanA somasuMdaranI paraMparAmAM maMdIratnanA ziSya ratnamaMDanasUri (I.146 1mAM hayAta) hatA. A kRtimAM kavitAnI daSTie vaicitrya jarUra maLe che. samudravijayanuM varNana ApatAM ene "kAmadevano avatAra' ane zivAdevInuM varNana ApatAM ene "rUpamAM navI rati kahe che. 25 zivAdevInAM cauda svapnanA padArthone paNa sUcaka rIte nirUpe che. neminAthano janma thayo tyAre surataru-kusuma-samUhaI varasaI amara ane kaI re khIrasAgara-jali kanaka-kalasa bhari jinavara-naI abhiSekaI ||17mAM 25 [aneka devo pArijAtanA puSponI vRSTi kare che ane kSIrasAgaramAMthI sonAnA kalazo jalathI bharIbharIne jinavara nemikumArano abhiSeka kare che.] nemikumAranuM yauvana varNita karatAM "svabhAvokti vistAra che. A kAvyamAM kavine dvArakAne badale mathurA' ISTa che ane vRMdAvanamAM yamunAnA jalamAM zrIkRSNa-baladeva sAthe kIDA kahevAI che, jyAM gUjari govAlaNIonI hAjarI batAvI che. tyAMthI pachI kaMsAdine mAryA bAda bIjA khaMDamAM saurASTramAM dvArakApurI vasAvI nemi-pramukha yAdavono tyAM vAsa sUcita karyo che. dvArakAmAM racAyelAM uttuMga toraNa maNi maMDapa manohara giri harAvaNahAra re.... |3 227 [toraNa ane maNimaMDapa kailAsane paNa harAvI de e prakAranA karavAmAM AvyAM

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hatAM.' makAnonA varNanamAM paNa svAbhAvikatA lAvavAno prayatna jovA maLe ja che. AyudhazALAmAM nemikumAra zrIkRSNa ane baladevathI caDI jAya che e prasaMge kavi enA pratApe - rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 203 khalabha sAgaru e Dolad DuMgarA e ||13528 - evuM sUcave che. A pachI prasaMgavazAt kavi vasaMtaRtunuM varNana sAdhe che; e samaye zrIkRSNanI rANIo nemikumArane sAthe laI giranAra DuMgaramAM AvelI vADImAM gaI. kiva vanakrIDA rocaka zabdAvalIomAM mUrta kare che. trIjA khaMDamAM have rAjimatI citramAM Ave che, lagnanA maMDapa racAya che, pakavAno taiyAra thAya che, bhinna bhinna padArthothI va2-kanyAnA zaNagAra thAya che. pachI hAthI upara savAra thayelA nemikumArano varaghoDo nIkaLe che. sarvatra kavi svAbhAvikatAthI prasaMganuM nirUpaNa kare che, bhojana mATenAM pazuonuM darzana ane naimikumAranI vyathA temaja rAmitInI virahavyathA 'karuNa vipralaMbha'nI chAyAmAM saMkSepe ja nirUpAI che. kavi kAvyAMtane neminA dIkSAmahotsavathI jALavI le che ane e rIte sukhAMta lAvI Ape che. tyAM rAjimatI paNa dIkSA pAme che ane aMte zivapurInI vAsI bane che. Avo bIjo dhyAna kheMcanAro phAgu pRthvIcaMdracarita' nAmanI gadyakathAnA kartA mANikyacaMdrasUrino nemIzvaracaritAgu' che.29 mANikyacaMdrasUri yazekharasUrinA gurubhAI hatA ane saMskRta bhASAnA paNa samartha jJAtA hatA. keTalAka saMskRta kathAgraMtho, temaja saMkhyAbaMdha dharmagraMtho uparanI saMskRta TIkAo emaNe racelI jANavAmAM AvI che. gujarAtI graMtho je be jANavAmAM AvyA che temAMnuM 'pRthvIcaMdracarita'(I.1422) uttama prakAranuM sAnuprAsa gadya kathAnaka che, jyAre A nemIzvara phAgu' gaNya koTinI padyaracanA che. A phAgumAM anuSTubha zikhariNI zArdUlavikrIDita AryA-A cAra chaMdono saMskRta bhASA pUrato ja upayoga karyo che, jyAre lokabhASAnuM kathAnaka rAsa advaiu ane phAgumAM bAMdhI ApyuM che. phAgu e pramANe sAMkaLIbaMdha doharA che, Ama chatAM koI koI paMktio sAdA doharAnI paNa che; 'rAsu' nIce maLatI moTA bhAganI kaDIo saraiyAnI che (4-5, 11-12, 19-20, 26-27, 36-37, 43-44, 5758, 68-69, 75-76, 82-83. AmAM prAyaH pratyeka caraNamAM vaccenA 16mAtrAnA pati pAse AMtarayamaka kiMvA sAMkaLIbaMdha levAmAM Avela che e noMdhapAtra che), jyAre 'rAsau' ke 'rAsuu' mathALe be caraNa caraNAkuLanAM ane trIjuM doharAnuM samapada (31-32, 62-64 mAM trIjA caraNane aMte 'jina jina', 88-91 sAduM ja caraNa) AvI racanA che, apavAdarUpe be kaDI (50-51) jhUlaNAnI prathamanI vIsa mAtrAvALA TukaDAnI pAchaLa doharAnuM samapada evA babbe ardhanI che. A prayoga atyAra -

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204 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 sudhImAM jANavAmAM Avyo nathI. vaLI 'rAsu pachInA "aDhauomAM chelluM caraNa Avartita karyuM che. zikhariNI ane zArdUlavikrIDitamAM lakhAyelA saMskRta zloka jotAM ja kavinI zaktino saphaLa paricaya thAya che. 230 phAgunuM vastu jANItuM che. kavi AraMbhamAM saMskRta zlokomAM temaja gujarAtI kaDIo (1-3 ane 4-7)mAM nemikumAranI prazasti sAthosAtha pradhAnapaNe cidAnaMdasvarUpa paramabrahmane namaskAra kare che. 231 kavie maMjula padAvalIonI pUrvanA kavionI paddhatino to samAdara karyo ja che. nemikumAranuM kathAnaka zarU karatAM AraMbhamAM kavi neminAthanA potAnA sudhInA nava avatAra kayA kayA thayA e vigata ApI che, je atyAra sudhInI phAguracanAomAM nathI apAI. yAdavono dvArakAnivAsa, zrIkRSNanuM rAjazAsana, nemikumAre balathI zrIkRSNanA bhujane hacamacAvI nAkhyo vagere, taddana TUMkamAM ApI zrIkRSNane nemikumAra rAjya jhUMTavI leze evo bhaya thayo e vAta emaNe baladevane kahI, paraMtu AkAzavANIe evo avizvAsa na rAkhavAnuM kahI nemi to parama yogIzvara che' ema kahyuM - e kathAnaka ApyuM che. e samaye have kavi vasaMtaRtunA AgamananuM citra khaDuM kare che. (ahIM kavie marAThI prakAranAM bhUtakRdata prayojyAM che e noMdhapAtra che.)232 neminAthane A vakhate mugati ramaNI hII dharaMto' batAvavAmAM AvyA che. kavi A pachI lagabhaga cIlAcAlu paddhatinuM vanaspati-varNana, nemikRSNa-gopIrANIo)nI vAvaDImAMnI jalakrIDA, ane pachI paraNavAne mATenI samajAvaTa ApavAmAM AvyAM che. ahIM prAya: svabhAvoktiothI nirUpaNane zabdamadhura banAvavAno kavino prayatna rahyo che. nemikumArano varaghoDo nIkaLe che tyAre rAjimatI aTArIe caDIne jue che. e rIte AgaLa vadhatAM manuSyono AnaMda ane bhojana mATenAM pazuonA citkAra sAMbhaLatAM neminA hRdayamAM virakti uddabhUta thAya che, ahIMnuM rAsaka-gAna (62-64) prasaMgane tAdaza karI Ape che. nemikumAra cAlyA jatAM rAjimatIno virahatApa enI uktiothI vadhu rocaka karyo che : dhAka dhAuM, jAI jIvana moraDA, moraDA! vAsima vAsi re prIya prIya ma kariare, bApIyaDA! prIyaDA mehanaI pAri re I 69 ] aDhI prIyaDA meha-naI pAsi, vIjalaDI nIsArA sarabhariyAM AMsUyaDe, hiva haMsalaDA uDie | siddhi-ramaNi priya rAci, kahIya na pAli vAca | tU tribhuvanapati e, kuNa dIkaI mati e? || 70 || rAjala Talavalai re, jima mAchalI thoDaI jali // 71 | 233

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 205 [are doDo, doDo; mAruM jIvana jaI rahyuM che, are mora, TahukA kara niha. are bapaiyA 'piu' 'piu' pokAra nahi; priya to meghanI pAse gayo che. priya meghanI pAse che ane vIjaLI nisAsA nAkhe che. AMsuthI sarovara bharAI gayAM che, have, he haMsa, UDI jA. priyane siddhirUpI ramaNI game che, mane ApeluM vacana e pALatA nathI. tuM traNe bhuvanano pati che, tane zikhAmaNa koNa Ape?] rAjimatI TaLavaLe che, jevI thoDA pANImAM mAchalI TaLavaLatI hoya tema.' kavie svAbhAvika rIte keTaleka sthAne bhASAne arthAlaMkArothI samRddha karI che. bAkI maMjula zabdAvalIonA viSayamAM agAunA phAguonI jema kavino saMpUrNa kAbU anubhavAya cheH bhASA svAbhAvika svarUpamAM hRdayaMgama rIte vahI jAya che. A pUrvanA beu phAguonI samakakSAmAM zobhI UThe tevo eka phAgu I.1446mAM racAyelo che, je narasiMha mahetAnA sAhityakALamAM jaI pahoMce che. rAsayuganI saMdhino hoI ene ahIM ja pelA beu phAguonI sAthosAtha laI levAthI saLaMga pravAha sacavAze. A phAgu te 'suraMgAbhidha nemiphAga'. 'phAgu'nI kAyAmAM nahi, paraMtu puSTikAmAM jaNAvyA pramANe dhanadevagaNanI A racanA che.24 vastu neminAthanA jIvanaprasaMganuM jANItuM che, mANikyacaMdrasUrinI jema A kavie paNa vistArathI kathAnaka bahalAvyuM che. AraMbhano zloka ane chello corAsImo zloka zArdUlavikrIDitavRttamAM paNa saMskRtamAM che, jyAre A sivAyanA biM mathALe apAyelI kaDIo (8, 18, 25, 32, 39, 48, 57, 66, 76, ane 83) zArdUlavikrIDitavRttamAM lokabhASAmAM ApI che. kAvyabaMdhanI dRSTie savaiyAbaMdhanA rAsaka' (3-4, 10-11, 19-20, 26-27, 33-34, 40-41, 49-50, 58-59, 67-68, ane ane 77-78)nA anusaMdhAnamAM chellAM caraNonA AvartanathI 'aDheu' ('AMdola;' 5-6, 12-13, 2122, 28-29, 35-36, 42-43, 51-52, 60-61, 69-70 ane 79-80) ApI enA pachI tyAM tyAM sAMkaLI baMdhanA doharAonA rUpamAM 'phAgu' ema chaMdonAM mathALAM karyAM che. A phAgu-doharAonI saMkhyA kyAMka ochI, kyAMka vadhu che. kharI (7-8, 14-17, 23-24, 30-31, 37-38, 44-47, 53-56, 62-65, 71-75, 8182 Ama keTaleka sthaLe babbe, eka sthaLe pAMca, bAkI cAra-cAra kaDI). bhASA u52 kavinI ghaNI sArI pakaDa che. juo AraMbhathI ja kaDI, ema anuprAsanI gUMthaNI karNaramaNIya banI ja che : sAmiNI / devI devi navI kavIzvara taNI vANI amI-sAraNI vidyA-sAyara-tAraNI majha ghaNI haMsAsaNI caMdA dIpati jIpatI sarasatI maiM vInavI boluM nemikumAra-keli niratI gie karI raMjatI || 2 || vInatI 235

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206 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 upamA jevA sAdA alaMkAra paNa e prasaMgAnurUpa yojI le cheH nIlakamala-dala-sAmala jinava nemikumAra re || 3 ||1 236 [kALA kamaLanA dala jevA zyAma jinavara nemikumAranuM varNana karuM chuM.] 'jANIi jaMga sorIpura kiri avatAra... || 7 ||1237 [jagatamAM zauripura(mathurA) evuM che ke jANe ke amarAvatI UtarI AvI na hoya!] nija tanu dIpati dyutipati jIpati, ratipati kara nava kAya re // 10 // ...rAja kati surapati sama dIti... || 11 ||238 potAnuM tana eTaluM tejasvI hatuM ke rAjA samudravijaya sUryane tejamAM jItI rahyA hatA, jANe ke kAmadevanuM navIna zarIra ja A na hoya! rAjya karatI vakhate iMdranA jevo lAgato hato.] / kavie mAtAnAM cauda svapna ApIne neminA janmano utsava nirUpyo che : vaimAnika surapati tArApati vyaMtarapati bhuvaNiMda sAmIya-janama-mahotsava nava pari karivA milyA savi iMda re // 19 // surigira Upara kSIrasAya2-jali vimala bharIya bhiMgAra / suravara nhavaNa karaU mana-gihiM aMgahi~ nemikumA2 2 || 20239 vimAnamAM besI IMdra sUrya vyaMtara5ti pRthvIpatio - AvA sau adhirAjo svAmIno janmotsava navIna prakAre karavA AvI maLyAM. kSIrasAgaranA vimaLa jalathI kaLazo bharI lAvI sarve adhirAjo ane devo surigira upara manamAM AnaMde nemikumAranAM aMgone aMghoLa karI Ape che. kavi A pachI kRSNa-balarAmanA janmanI vAta karI zrIkRSNe kaMsAdi daityono vadha karyo e hakIkata jarAsaMdhanA vigraha bAda saurASTramAM dvArakA vasAvI tyAM AvI rahyAnuM kahe che; iMdranA AdezathI kubere A nagarIne nava daravAjA karyAM. ahIM rUpid nemikumAra dIsad devakumA2 / dina dina drupatA e, ratipati jIpatA e || 29 || sAmIya-yaNa anopama. opama caMda na hoi| kSINa kalaMkIya dIsai e, dIsad e tapai na soi // 30 240 [ratipati kAmadevanA upara vijaya meLavatA nemikumAra vRddhi pAmavA lAgyA. nemikumAranuM vadana evuM hatuM ke caMdra enI upamA mATe pAtra nahoto. caMdranI kaLAo kSINa thatI hoya che ane divase e prakAzato nathI.] ahIM zArdUlavikrIDitamAM kumAranAM keTalAMka aMgonuM varNana, kavinI zaktino ....

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paricaya meLavavA, asala bhASAmAM ThIka thaI paDaze : rAsa ane kSagu sAhitya 207 pravAlAM navAM huIM daMtA dADama-bIjaDAM, adhara be jAcyAM dIpai suM jala AMSaDI kamalanI jesI pAMSaDI / nAsA sA zuka-caMcaDI,bhamahaDI dIsad beU vAMkaDI boluM kiM bahunA, kumAra malu kAMi a opAi nahIM ||32 || ahIM e paNa dhyAnamAM rAkhavA jevuM che ke varNameLa-gaNameLa vRttomAM pAdAMta anuprAsanI kartAne jarUra nathI jaNAI. nemikumAranI bALalIlA ane AgaLa jatAM nemikumArane paraNavA samajAvavAnI niSphaLatA zrIkRSNane thAya che. tyAM kavie vasaMtaRtune pachI avatAre che. kavi prasaMga maLatAM bhASAne alaMkArasamRddha karavAnuM cUkatA nathI : aMgi / caMpakanI dIsai e kalI nIkalI kiri e rayaNi-raNadIvIya navIya karIya pIlIya anaMga || 45 || dIpai rAtA kaNayara dINaya2 kiri avatAra... || 46 || 242 [caMpAnI pILI kaLI. enA aMgamAMthI nIkaLI che, jANe ke kAmadeve navI, rAtamAM upayogamAM levAnI, dIvI karI na hoya! karNikAranAM rAtAM phUla evAM dekhAya che ke jANe sUryano avatAra thayo na hoya!] nemikumAra sAthenA gopIo(rANIo)nA vihAramAM kavi svabhAvokti suMdara zabdAvalIomAM UbhI kare che. AgaLa jatAM jAna soMDhe che tyAre * je vAru gaja bhadrajAtika bhalA gAjai maMdii AgalA cAlatA himavaMta parvata jisyA dIsai sarve ujalA... || 66 || 243 [bhadrajAtinA je suMdara uttama hAthIo hatA te madonmatta thaI ciciyArI karatA hatA, e badhA himAlaya parvata jevA ujjavala varNanA dekhAtA cAlyA jatA hatA. nemikumAre pazuo joyAM ane vairAgya AvyuM; pazuone baMdhanamAMthI chUTAM mUkI gRhatyAga karyo. A jANI rAjimatIne bhAre du:kha thayuM : deva! nAha! saneha muM dAkhuna, dAkhina rAkhi-na tujha viSNu kSaNa majha rAjana! rAja na bhAvaI heva || 75 || 244 [he nAtha mArA prati sneha batAvone, deva, dAkSiNya rAkhone. tamArA vinA, he rAjana! mane have rAjyanuM sukha gamatuM nathI.] Ama A kAvya nirvedAMta banI rahe che, chatAM yukti prayojI sukhAMta karI

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208 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 le che : jJAna UpaDyuM jANIya rANIya rAimAM regi | giri-siri sAmaya niraSIya haraSIya sA nija aMgi I81 245 (jJAna utpanna thayeluM jANIne rAjimatI AnaMdathI parvatanA zikhara upara rahelA svAmIne joI aMgeaMgamAM harSa pAmI rahe che.] chellA traNa phAguonI sarakhAmaNI karIe to A phAgu e beu karatAM vadhu AlaMkArika jovA maLe che ane AraMbhanA phAguonI kakSAne AMbI zakavA zaktimAna thAya che. - A chellA phAgu karatAM traNa varSa pUrve I.1443mAM racAyelo koI ajJAta kavino devaratnasUriAga' maLe che. AnA nAyaka tarIke devaratnasUri nAmanA jaina AcArya che, jemane pATaNamAM I.1411 (saM.146 7)nA mAgha mAsamAM zrIjayAnaMdasUrie dIkSA ApI hatI. e ja AcArye devaratnasUrane I.1437 (saM.1493)nA vaizAkha mAsamAM sUripade sthApyA hatA. hakIkate A prasaMgane vasaMtavarNana sAthe sAMkaLIne mANikyacaMdrasUrinA "nemIzvaracaritraphAgu'nI paddhatie vRttabaddha zloko saMskRtamAM ane rAsa-aDhela(AMdola)-phAga racanAe lokabhASAmAM A phAgu racavAmAM Avyo che [ahIM noMdhavA jevuM che ke "rAsau' mathALe eka gIta paNa ApavAmAM AvyuM che (kaDI 333), jemAM votrImatI' 'viUMjhala' evAM marAThI chAyAnAM be zabdarUpa prayojI lIdhAM che. ahIM mANijyacaMdrasUrinA "nemIzvaracaritraphAgu'nA evA prayogane sarakhAvI zakAya e sAthe noMdhapAtra che ke alaMkArono paNa kavi yathAsthAne upayoga karI le che. AraMbhanI zAradAnI stutimAM tribhuvana-gagana-vibhAsana diNayara-nayara jirAuli vAsa re namiya niraMjana bhavabhaya-bhaMjana sajjana-raMjana pAsa re || 4 || kavijanamAnasa-saravara-haMsIya sarasIa avicala bhatti re bAisu bhAvidha devI zArada zArada-zazikara-kaMti re || pA ra46 triNa bhuvanonA AkAzane prakAzita karanAra sUryanuM jirAulinagara che, tyAMnA, bhavano bhaya dUra karanArA, sajjanone AnaMda ApanArA niraMjana pArzvanAthane namaskAra karI kavijanonA mAnasarUpI sarovaranI haMsaNI jevI, zaradaRtunA caMdranA jevI kAMtivALI zAradAnuM avicala bhaktithI bhAvapUrvaka dhyAna karuM chuM.. kavi devaratnasUrinA pUrvajono Acho khyAla ApI jAvaDa" bALaka tarIkenA avataraNane dIpAvavA prayatna kare che :

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 209 nirmala nijakulakamala-divAya2 sAyara sama gaMbhIra 21 anudina nava nava mAi manoratha, rathavara sArathi dhIra re ||13|| sahi manohara zazikara-niramala kamala-sukomala pANi / gajagati-lIlA-maMthara cAlai bolai sulalita vANi 2 || 14 ||247 [nirmaLa evA potAnA kularUpI kamalane sUrya-samA, sAgaranA jevA gaMbhIra evA emanA dararoja navA manoratha 2tha upara dhIra sArathinI jema samAtA nathI. e nirmala caMdranA jevuM hAsya kare che. emanA hAtha kamalanA jevA sukomaLa che; hAthInI cAlanA jevI capala cAle cAlatA A bALaka suMdara vANI bole che.] prathama dIkSA vakhatanA utsavone aMte dIkSA maLe che ane ziSya potAno vidyAbhyAsa vadhA2vA lAge che. e samaye vasaMtaRtunuM Agamana thAya che. AvI Rtu upara A dIkSita ziSya vijaya meLave che ane keTalAMka varSo pachI guru pAsethI sUripada pAmI pATa upara bese che. nAnI (65 kaDIonI) chatAM eka sArI kRti A rIte ajJAta kavinI maLe che. upasaMhAra 'uttara gurjara apabhraMza'nA uThAvathI khIlelA 'rAsayuga'nI I. 1450 sudhInI maryAdAne svIkArI tyAM sudhInI phAgu-2canAone ahIM samAvI levAmAM AvI che. ahIM sudhImAM apAyelA badhA phAgu kAvyaguNathI yukta che evuM nathI, keTalIka mAtra cIlA-cAlu paddhatie racAyelI racanAo che, thoDI ja racanAo kAvyaguNamaMDita che. ane e vize tyAMtyAM eno paricaya sulabha karavAno prayatna thayo che. phAguo A samaya pachI paNa racAyA che; keTalAkano nirdeza prasaMgavazAt upara AraMbhamAM thaI paNa gayo che. anullikhita phAguo te tenA samayanI maryAdAmAM, 'Adibhaktiyuga' ane 'AkhyAnayuga'mAM, ApavAno yatna thaze ja. 'rAsayuga'mAM khIlelA sAhityaprakAromAM 'phAguprakAra' enA kAvyatattvane laI viziSTa sthAna sAcavI rahyo che ema kahevAmAM kAMI atyukti thatI nathI. anya sAhityaprakAro 'rAsayuga'nAM 300 varSonA gALAmAM je mukhya sAhityaprakAra kheDAyo te to 'rAsakAvyo'no. e pachI bhale saMkhyAmAM vadhu na hoya, paraMtu kAvyatattvanI dRSTie dIpI UThato prakAra te 'phAgu-kAvyo'no. A uparAMta paNa nAnAnAnA ane saMkhyAmAM ochA maLatA sAhityaprakAra paNa kheDAyA karyA hatA. ahIM evA prakArono

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210 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 eka pachI eka paricaya ThIka thaI paDaze. 1. bAramAsI bAramAsI e lakSaNathI 'viraha-kAvya che. emAM RtuvAra pratyeka mAsanuM nAyaka ke nAyikAnA virahanuM varNana ApI nAyaka-nAyikAnA subhaga milanane nirUpavAmAM AvyuM hoya che. vipralaMbhazRMgArane mUrta karI ApatI aneka racanAo mahAkAvyo ane "RtusaMhAra' jevA ke "saMdezaka rAsaka' jevA bhASA-kAvyamAM jovA maLe che, paraMtu "bAramAsa' tarIkenAM svataMtra nirUpaNa thayelAM jANavAmAM nathI. "rAsayugamAM paNa ekamAtra racanA jANavAmAM AvI che ane e "uvaesamAla-kahANa chappayanA kartA vinayacaMdrasUrinI neminAthacatuSyadikA2A vinayacaMdrasUrie I.126lmAM paryuSaNAkalpa' upara nirukta raceluM hoI kartAno samaya teramI sadInI vaccenI be pacIsIo kahI zakAya. A yugamAM ke enI pUrve apabhraMzakALamAM racAyelI AvI koI racanA jANavAmAM AvelI na hoI 'uttara gaurjara apabhraMzanI bAramAsI sAhityaprakAranI A pahelI racanA kahI zakAya. kavie A kAvyamAM neminAthanA virahane kAraNe emanAM vAgdattA rAjalarAjimatIne je asAdhAraNa saMvedana thAya che te copAI chaMdanA sahAre rasika bAnImAM ApyuM che. pachInI bIjI bAramAsIonI jema e saMvedana ahIM paNa nAyikAnA mukhamAM ja ApI kavi kavitAne AtmalakSI koTimAM mUkI de che. nAyaka nikaTamAM hotAM je saMyogo sukhada hoya che te tenA virahamAM atyaMta duHkhada thaI paDe che, e A prakAranA kAvyamAM jovA maLe che. e sarvathA karuNarasa nathI, karuNamAM to AtyaMtika viraha hoya che, jyAre ahIM aMte sukhAMta hoI e vipralaMbha zRMgAra banI rahe che. kavie alaMkAranI dRSTie paNa sabhAnatA rAkhI che. keTalIka svabhAvoktio - zrAvaNi saravaNi kayuM meha gajjaI virAha rijhijjaI dehuI | viju jhabakkaI raphakhasi jeva nemihi viSNu sahi sahiyAM kema ||rA [zrAvaNamAM saravaDAM varasAvato kaDavo megha gAjI rahyo che ane ene kAraNe deha kapAI rahelo che. vIjaLI rAkSasaNInI peThe jhabakArA mAre che. he sakhI, neminAtha vinA A kevI rIte khamI zakAya sAmAnya rIte pachInI bAramAsIomAM je vastu nathI maLatI te AmAM che sakhI taraphathI nAyaka mATe nAyikanA hRdayamAM aNagamo utpanna karAvavAno prayatno sakhI bhaNaI : sAmiNi mana jhUri dujjaNa taNA ma vaMchita pUri gayau nemi taka viNaThau kAMI achaI anerA varaha sayAI ||3||

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rAsa ane kSagu sAhitya 211 [sakhI kahe che : he svAminI, jhUryA kara nahi. durjananuM manavAMchita pUra nahi. neminAtha cAlyA gayA to zuM bagaDI gayuM? enAthI caDe tevA seMkaDo vara che.] rAjalano uttara : bolai rAjala tau ihuM vayaNuM nathI nemisama va225Nu| dharai teju gahagaNa sati tAva gaNi na urgIi diNayaru jAva ||4|| rAjala tyAre A vacana kahe che : neminAtha jevo ratnarUpa vara bIjo nathI. jyAM sudhI AkAzamAM sUrya na Uge tyAM sudhI badho grahono samUha teja dhAraNa karI rahe che.] chellI kaDIno arthAMtaranyAsa kevo sUcaka che! keTalAMka madhura varNana paNa dhyAna kheMce che : bhAta bharayAsara pikjhevi sakaruNa roai rAjaladeva| aa ekalaDI mai niradhAra kima Uvesi karuNAsAra // 5 // [bhAdaravA mahinAmAM bharelAM sarovara joIne rAjaladevI karuNagAna karatI raDI rahI cheH are huM kharekhara ekalI paDI gaI chuM; karuNAvALA nemi mArI upekSA kema karaze?] bhaNai sakhI : rAjala, mana roi nIThura nemi na ApaNuM hoi| siMciya taruvara paripalavaMti girivara purNa kaDa DerA huMti // 6 // sAcauM sakhi, giri vari bhijjata kimai na bhii sAmalakuMti / dhaNa visaMtai sara kueti sAyaru puNa ghaNu ohaDu hiMti ||7| sakhI kahe che : he rAjala, ro nahi. neminAtha niSThura hoI ApaNo nathI. jhADa upara pANI chAMTavAmAM Ave to e ApaNA upara pANI TapakAve che, pahADa para pANI paDatAM phATIne patharA nAkhe che. (eno rAjala uttara Ape che ke) moTA pahADanA TukaDA thAya, paNa zyAma kAMtivALA nemimAM bheda na thavAno. va2sAda varasato hoya tyAre taLAva phUTI jAya che, paNa sAgara enI maryAdA choDato nathI.] sukhAMta hoI kAvyAMte nAyaka-nAyikAno samAgama mUrta karavAmAM Ave che : adhika mAsu savi mAsahi phirai chaha ritu kerA guNa aNuharai| milivA priya UbAhuli hUya sau mukalAviu ugraseNadhUya // 38 // paMca sakhI sai jasu parivAri priya UmAhi gaI giranAra sakhI sahita rAjala guNarAsi lei dikhkhu paramesara pAsi | 39 || nimmala kevala nANu lahevi siddhi sAmiNi rAjaladeva|

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212 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 [adhika mahino badhA mahinAomAM pharyA kare che, chaye RtunA guNa-dharmanuM anusaraNa kare che. priyane maLavAne mATe rAjya UMcA hAtha kare che. ugrasenanI putrI rAjale prayane kaheNa mokalyuM che. pAMca sakhIonI sAthe hRdayamAM priya taraphanA bhAve rAjala giranAramAM gaI ane sakhIo sAthe rAjala paramezvara neminAtha samakSa dIkSA laI darzanano lAbha le che. nirmaLa kaivalyajJAna prApta karI rAjaladevI siddhionI svAminI banI.] viraktimAM paryavasAna lIdhuM hoI kAvyazAstranI laukika dRSTie sukhAMta na dekhAya, paNa sAMpradAyika rIte kaivalyajJAna abhISTa hoI kAvya sukhAMta banI cUkyuM che. 2. chappaya kAMIka subhASita-prakA2ne sparza karato, keTalIka vAra upadezAtmaka to keTalIka vA2 nirUpaNAtmaka evo A prakAra paNa 'rAsayuga'mAM khAsa khIlyo nathI; atyAra sudhImAM traNa ja racanAo prApta thaI che. AmAMnI jUnAmAM jUnI racanA, upara batAvyA te 'neminAtha catuSpadI'nA kartA, vinayacaMdrasUrinI 81 chappAnI uvaesamAla-kahANaya chappaya'(upadezamAlA-kathAnaka SaTpada) che.250 A kAvya ApaNane zAmaLa bhaTTa vagere laukika kathA-kAvyonA kartAonI racanAomAM nirUpAyelA chappAonI yAda Ape che. bezaka, kavi ahIM dhArmika upadezane aMge jaina dharmanAM vratAdika vagerenI kartavyatA eka eka chappAmAM batAve che; jema ke savva sAhu tumDi suNau gaNau jaga apsa samANa| koha-kaha vi pariharau dhara tihuyaNa-guru siri vIra dhIra samarasa saparANau| paNa dhammadhuraMdharA dAsa pesa dunvayaNa sahai ghaNa dusaha niraMtarA gaguru jiNavara khamai| nara `tiriya deva uvasagga bahu jaha tima khamau khaMti agala karI jemma riudabala namaI ||3|| sava suNaI jiNavayaNa nayaNa ulhAsirhi goyama jANaI jaI vi suyAtha tahati pucchaI pahu kahu kima| bhaddaka-citta pavitta sama gaNahara suyanANI| kavi minimannai na karai gava apurvI vANI| chaMDIi mAna jJAnaha taNau viNau aMgi ima ANIi| gurubhakti kavi navi milTIi graMthakoDi jaI jANII || 4 | [he sarvasAdhuo, tame sAMbhaLo, jagatane potAnI samAna gaNo. krodha-kathAno

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 213 tyAga karo, pUrI UlaTathI samarasa banI raho. traNe bhuvananA guru zrImahAvIra dhIra che ane vaLI dharmanI dhurA dhAraNa karanArA che, eo sevako vagerenAM kharAba vacana ghaNAM duHsaha chatAM satata sahana karI le che. je pramANe jagatanA parama guru mahAvIra mANasa-pazupakSI-devo vagere taraphanI muzkelIone khamI khAtA hatA tema kSamAne AgaLa karIne khamI khAo ke jevI rIte zatrusenAnuM bala paNa namI paDe.] zarUmAM cAra caraNa roLAnAM ane pachInAM be caraNa ullAla chaMdanAM hoya tevo A jANIto chappo' che. A ja prakAranA chappAomAM racAyeluM bIjuM cha chappA nAmanuM kAvya paharAja nAmanA eka kartAe jinodavasUri (I.1359mAM pATa beThelA)nI prazastimAM gAyA che. 256 chaye chappAone aMte eNe potAnA nAmanI chApa ApI che, te rIta ghaNA pachInA laukika-kathAkAra zAmaLa vageremAM jANItI che : muNivara manumaya kalihi bhatti jiNavaraha manAvaUT avara taruNi nahu gamaI siddhi ramaNi Iha bhAvaUT karaI tavaNi bahu bhaMgi raMga Agama vakhANAM abuha jIva bohaMta leta subhatva nANayaT jiNaudayasUri gacchAhavaI mukha agni dhori supahA paharAja' bhaNaI : supasAu kari siva mAraga dikhAla mahu || 2 || kavaNi kavaNi guNi yugau kavaNi kiNi bheTa vakhANauI thUlabhadra tuha sIla labdhi goyama tuha jANakA. pAvapaMka maumalika dalila kandapya niruttauT tuha munivara siri tilau bhaviya kapUru pahattaka | jiNaudayasUri maNahara-2yaNa suguru paTTadhara uddharaNA paharAja' bhaNaI : dama jANi kari, phala mana-vaMchiu sukaraNa //pA. manamAM bhakti sAdhI che tevA munivara jinavarane manAvI rahyA che. bIjI koI strI emane gamatI nathI, emane siddhirUpI ramaNI mAtra game che aneka prakAre tapa kare che. bhoLA mANasone bodha kare che ane pavitra arthavALuM jJAna le che. mukhya mArganI dhurA uThAvanAra he jinodayasUri, satyatha upara cAlatAM Apa sArI kRpA karo ane mane kalyANano mArga batAvo ema paharAja' kahe che. kayA kayA guNone dhyAnamAM laI stuti karuM? ApanI kaI kaI mulAkAtanAM vakhANa karuM? cUlibhadra ane gautamanuM je cAritrya ane vaLI saMprApti (te tame prApta karI che.) pAparUpI kAdavane dUra karyo che ane

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214 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 kAmadevane sarvathA kacaDI nAkhyo che. Apa munivaronA zira upara tilakarUpa cho ane bhavyajano (zrAvako) mATe kalpatarurUpe prApta thayA cho. jinodayasUrijI suMdara ratnarUpa paTTadhara mahAguru ane (bhavyonA uddhAra karanArA che. apaharAja" kahe che ke ema jANIne sukha karanAruM manavAMchita phaLa (bhavyo) pAme che.. jinaprabhasUrinI stutino koI ajJAtano eka chappo paNa A kAvya sAthe chapAyo che. 252 paharAjanI racanA pachI so-savAso varSa upara racAyela kharataraguru-guNa-varNanachappaya' nAmanuM eka lAMbuM kAvya jANavAmAM AvyuM che. 253 kAvyanI daSTie koI koI chappAmAM alaMkAratattva jovA maLe che, jema ke jima nisa sohaI caMda jema kajjale tarulachahi. haMsa jema suravarahi purisa sohaI jima lachihi | kaMcaNa jima hIrehi jema kulasohaI puttahi! ramaNi jema bhattAra rAu sohaI sAmaMtaUT suranAha jema sohai saraha, jama sohaI jiNa dhamma bharA Ayariya majhi sihAsaNahi tima sohaI jiNacanda guru / 39IL (jema caMdrathI rAtri zobhe, taralatAthI kAjaLa zobhe, sarovarathI haMsa zobhe, lakSmIthI puruSa zobhe, hIrAthI sonuM zobhe, putrathI jema kula zobhe, patithI ramaNI zobhe, rAjA sAmaMtathI zobhe, devothI jema surapati iMdra zobhe, jagatamAM jinadharma jema zobhe che, te pramANe AcAryonI vacce siMhAsana upara guru jinacaMdra zobhe che. A pachI A prakAra svataMtra rIte khIlelo khAsa jANavAmAM Avyo nathI. 3. vivAhala nAma uparathI AmAM nAyakanAM lagnano utsava UjavAto hoya evuM lAge; ane jarUra emAM "lagna" abhipreta hoya che, paraMtu e laukika kanyA sAthe nahi, paraMtu saMyamane kanyAnuM rUpaka ApIne enI sAthe. sAdhu kevI rIte vare che e batAvavAno che te ziSyakavino AmAM prayatna hoya che. jANavAmAM AvelA AvA be 'vivAhalAomAM pahelo SaSTizatakanA kartA nemicaMdra bhaMDArInA putra aMbaDe (janma I. 1189) kharataragacchanA jinapatisUri pAse kheDanagaramAM "jinezvara. nAma dhAraNa karI dIkSA lIdhI enuM rUpakti varNana emanA ziSya somamUrtie jinezvarasUrivivAhala' saMjJAthI padyamAM karyuM che. 254 AmAM

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rAsa ane kSagu sAhitya 215 chevaTe gurunA avasAnanI paNa noMdha lIdhI hoI A racanA gurunA I. 1275mAM thayelA avasAna pachI thaI samajAya che. ahIMnuM rUpaka : saMjamanAra / bAri | 24 || garuyavihi / pattau / tuTTau / tUra | iNi pari aMbaDu varakumaro pariNai vAjad naMdIya tUra ghaNA gUDiya ghara ghara kumaru calliu kumaru calliu pariNevA ditiisarI kheDanara khemeNa sirijiNavai jugapavo dihu tatva niyamaNihi pariNai saMjayasirI kumara vAha naMdiya nemicaMda ane lakhamiNihi sakvi maNoha pUra || 25|| [e rIte uttama evA aMbaDakumAra saMyamarUpI nArInI sAthe lagna kare che. AnaMdathI tUrIo vAge che ane gheraghera bAraNAmAM raMga UDe che. gurujInI pAse kumAra cAlyA jAya che. kheDanagaramAM kuzaLatApUrvaka dIkSAzrInI sAthe lagna karavAne pahoMcyA che. prasanna thaIne jinapravara zrIjinapatisUrie ziSyane niyama Apyo. kumAra saMyamarUpI zrInI sAthe lagna kare che. tUrIo AnaMdathI vAgI rahI che. kumAre pitA nemicaMdra ane mAtA lakSmInA badhA manoratha pUrNa karyA.. A prakAranA vivAhalA rAsa ane phAguonI jema ja utsavomAM khelAo dvArA samUhanRttamAM gavAtA hatA evuM khelA kheliye raMgari'(33) e zabdothI spaSTa che. A 'vivAhalu' dohA vastu vagere chaMdomAM che, uparAMta emAM jhUlaNA chaMdanAM cAra caraNa 3 jI 4thI kaDInA rUpamAM jovA maLe che; jemake nagaru marukoTu marudesa-siri vara mauMDu . sohae yaNa keMcaNa jattha vajjata nayabheri bhaMkAra paDiua naya2msa hiyae dhrusakko // 3 // pANu - o vagere. AnI pUrvano A dezamAMno 'jhUlaNA'no prayoga eka mAtra nIce batAvyo che te jANavAmAM Avyo che. so varSa pachI jinodayasUrinA eka ziSya merunaMdanagaNie gurunA I. 1376mAM thayelA avasAna pachI 'zrIjinodayasUri-vivAhalau' e kRti 54 kaDIonI racI jANavAmAM AvI che.255 prakA2 pUrvanA vivAhalAno ja che. A kavie A nAnA kAvyamAM jhUlaNA chaMdanI traNa TukaDe 24 kaDI ApI che. A pUrve aMbadevasUrie 'samarArAsu'(I. 1315)mAM eka kaDavuM jhUlaNAmAM ApyuM che; have pachI eka

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216 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 dhavalagIta' noMdhavAnuM che. jemAM I. 1221 jeTalA jUnA samayamAM 'jhUlaNA'mAM gIta maLyuM che, narasiMha mahetAe 'jhUlaNA'mAM vyApakatAthI kavitA ApI che, ene kadAca A praNAlI nathI maLI, enI sAme to nAmadevanA abhaMga hatA. Ama chatAM gujarAtanI bhUmine A kvacit prayojAyelo chaMda ajANyo nahoto eTaluM to A jaina racanAothI samajAya che. A 'vivAhalA'mAM e chaMdanI prauDhi dhyAna kheMce che : asthi 'gUjaradharA'suMdarI suMdare uravare 25Na ghovamANaM lacchi-kelihareM naya u pahaNapura suraparuM jema siddhAbhihANa || 3 || narasiMha mahetAnA prakAranA AMtarika prAsa paNa kartAne sukara che, jemake rUpi na rIjae mohi na bhIe hili jAlavijai apAra // 14 || lobhe na rAjae maNi na mAcae kAcae citti sA pariharae * kaTari guNa saMciyeMkaTara iMdiya jayaMkaTari saMveya niddheya raMga / bApu desaNa kalA bApu mai nimmalA bApu lIlA kasAyANa bhaMgaM // 38 // A prakA2 jaina sAhityakArone hAthe jema pachI khIlI zakyo nathI tema narasiMha mahetA pachI paNa vistArathI koI khIlavI zakyuM nathI. 4. chaMda chaMda' saMjJA nIce thoDIka racanAo thaI che, paNa e bahu vyApaka nathI. je maLI che te sAhityanA itihAsamAM AgavuM sthAna dharAvI rahI che. jUnI racanAomAM zrIdhara vyAsano 'raNamallachaMda'256 ane IzvarIchaMda57 che. eka aitihyamUlaka vI22sanuM kAvya che, bIjuM durgAmAtAnI stutinA rUpanuM sAmAnya bhaktikAvya che. A 'raNamallachaMda'thI mugdha thaIne hiMdI sAhityanA itihAsanI samRddhi batAvavA eka vidvAne hiMdI sAhitya kI sabase baDhiyA kRti' tarIke navAjI che.258 kavi zrIdhara vyAsa kyAMno vatanI hato e jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI, mAtra IDaranA rAva raNamallanI pATaNanA jhapharakhAnanI saradArI nIcenAM muslima lazkaro sAthe I. 1398 lagabhaga thayelI laDAInuM varNana e Apato hoI e IDarano koI Azrita kavi hoya. AraMbhamAM eNe 10 AryAchaMdanI saMskRtamAM racanA karI che, e pachI avahaH kiMvA cAraNI DiMgaLa prakAranI vikasatI AvatI gaurjaraapabhraMzanI bhUmikAmAM racanA karI che, jemAM kRtrima rItano cAraNI prAkRta prakAra paNa apanAvyo che. sArasI(hiragIta) hATakI (marahaTTA) copAI(16 mAtrAnI) jevA mAtrAmeLa chaMda prayojavAmAM AvyA che. vI22sa jamAvavAne mATe enI na hoya tevA zabdomAM vyaMjana

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 217 bevaDAvavAnI paddhati bhASAne prabaLa baLa ApatI anubhavAya che; jemake ji babbe a lakhe ulake salikaI ji bake bahaSe lahikka camukkI, ji caMge turaMge raMge caDhantA, raNammalla dilheNa dIna muDantA / 6 6 if ji rakkA malikkA balakkAka pADi, ki buknA pahallA sanaddhA vibhADaI, ti AkhaMDi bhUdaMDi bahu khaMDi kirjiI raNammalla diThuM muhe ghAsa ghalliI 6 8aaaa 259 enI rasa-jamAvaTa paNa svAbhAvika-zI jovA maLe che. u.ta. nIcenI svabhAvokti juo : sArasI DhamaDhamaI DhamaDhamakAra DhaMkara Dhola DholI UMgiyA, sura karahi raNa saraNAI samuhari sarasa rasi samaraMgiyA. kalakalahi kAhala koDi kalaravi kumara kAyara tharatharaI, saMcaraI zaka suratANa sAhaNa sAhasI savi saMgara) 23|| senAno Dhola bajAvanArA DholI DholonA bhAre avAja karI rahyA che. raNamAM zaraNAI mokharA upara svara kADhI rahI che ane yoddhAo rase UbharAya che. karoDo vAdya avAja karI rahyAM che, e avAjathI kUNA mananA kAyara loka tharatharI UThe che. sulatAna ane enAM sAdhana ane sAhasa karanArA sau yuddhabhUmimAM vadhI rahyA che.] utpakSA-mizrita: tuphakhAra tAra tatAra tejI taralatiphakha taraMgamAM, paphakhariya paphakhara, pavana paMkhI pasari pasari nirupamA. asavAra Asura-aMsa asa lII asaNi asuhaDa IDaraI saMcaraI zaka muratANa sAhaNa sAhasI savi saMgaraI || 25 || [tokhAra ane tAtAra dezanA capaLa ane tejI ghoDAo upara pAkhara nAkhavAmAM AvI che. e anupama ghoDA pakSIo prasare te pramANe prasarI rahyA che. AsuronA aMzarUpa ghoDesavAro talavAra laIne IDara tarapha jenI sAthe dhase che tevo sulatAna ane enAM sAdhana temaja sAhasa karanArA sau yuddhabhUmimAM AgaLa vadhI rahyAM che.] nIcenuM yuddhanuM varNana sajIva banI rahyuM che : .

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218 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 hADhakI talahaThThaI mellavi tarala turakkI tAra tatAra turaMga ullaTie asapati asaNiya vAyari sAraveli taraMga, hala hala-bigarI bigarI bolantie nIra-lahari chillanta, raNa-kandali kalaha karaI, kilavAyaNa kAyara nara relanta / 51 || haSAravi hayamara hasamasi khura-ravi asaNi kipANa kasatta, uddhasavi kasAkasa, asi taratara bisi, dharamasi dhasaNi dhasatta. bhUmaMDali bhaDa kamadhajja bhaDohaDi bhujabali bhiDasa bhiDanta, raNamalla raNAkula raNi rosAruNa muNasattANi tuvarajo || para II ullAvi jhAlavi jhujhakamAlaha lathabatha lothi laDansa, dhArakkaTa dhAri dhagaDa dhara dhasamasi dhumba paDatta. kamagharjA udayagirimaMDaNa savitA jhalamala malla bhaDagna, dhari dhasi dhasi dhUsa dharaI dhagaDAyaNi, dhara hari kuMDa linta || 53 || ane A AryA : parvata paDaI pukAra duhudiza daitya kIddha saiArA zuMbhA kere sArI vAhAre dhAya rAya raktabIjo || 88 || eNe AmAM nArAca chaMdano paNa prayoga karI lIdho che, baLukI bhASAno namUno : patAli tAli vyoma vAla naTa naTa phUTya ekalla malla... kari... caMDa muMDa Urya | dhasaTa ghaTa laTa paTa jhUTi jhAlI jhIkalI amUla mUla kIddha kela ajAyela ekalI || 86 || lipinI dRSTie be svaro vaccenA 2 ekavaDA che, "la' ekavaDA che, "ka paNa; e badhA kavine bevaDA abhISTa che. A kAvyanI sauthI vizeSa mahattA to emAM bhArobhAra prayojavAmAM AvelA arabI-phArasI zabdonI che. kavie tatkAlIna bhASAmAM AbAda rIte e videzI zabdone vaNI lIdhA che, eTaluM ja nahi, zarUAtanI saMskRta AryAmAM paNa "suratANaphoja-dillI-timiraliMga-ghori-pAdazAha-bAjAra' zabdo vAparI lIdhA che. zrIdhara vyAsano IzvarI chaMda mAkaDiya-purANAMtargata devImAhAsya' kivA 'saptazatI'nA sahAre racavAmAM AveluM vIrarasocita zabdAvalIothI dIpatuM kAvya che. eno paNa bhASAprakAra avahag kiMvA kRtrima DiMgaLa koTino ja che.

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rAsa ane phugu ahitya 219 atyAra sudhI jANavAmAM Avelo chaMdobaddha kavitA ApanAra jainetara A pahelo kavi che. paMdaramI sadInI pUrvenI pacIsI ane pachIno paNa thoDo bhAga potAnI saMskRtaprAkRta-apabhraMza vagere racanAo sAthe "uttara gaurjara apabhraMza bhASAbhUmikAmAMthI vikasI AvelI, have gujarAtanI bhUminI thaI cUkelI, bhAlaNe jene "gujara bhAkhA" kahI che te bhUmikAmAM neminAthaphAga ane tribhuvanadIpakaprabaMdha' nAmanA (emanA prabodhaciMtAmaNi' graMthanA anuvAdarUpa aneka chaMdomAM yojAyelA prabaMdha, uparAMta zuddha kutavilaMbita' gaNameLa 9 kaDIonI "arbudAcala vInatI' nAmanI jayazekharasUrinI racanA jANavAmAM AvI che. bhASA-bhUmikA e koTie AvI cUkI che ke eno khAsa anuvAda karavAno na rahe. Ama to stutiprakAra che, paraMtu emAM kavi kvacit alaMkAra prayojI le che, jemake kanakakAMti kalaI risahesaro tiNi guNiI prabhu sohaga-suMdaro! jalada-jAmali jAdavu sAmalau bhavika-kekiya Asa bhalau valauM || 3 || RiSabhezvara RSabhadeva sonAnA jevI kAMtivALo deha dharAve che, e guNe e prabhu subhaga ane suMdara che. yAdava zyAmala neminAtha meghanA jevA che ane bhaktajanorUpI moranI AzAne mATe bhalA che - bhalI rIte pUranArA che.) dhyAnamAM rAkhavA jevuM che ke chaMdanI daSTie uparanA padyamAM "kale "guNe' sAmalo' 'bhalo" "valo' evAM rUpa mAgI le che, je e samaye uccAraNa kevuM haze eno khyAla Ape che. caudamI sadInA pUrvArdhanI eka "caccarI' nAmanI racanA solaNa kavinI maLe che.210 bAramI sadInA jinadattasUrinI apabhraMzanI "carcarInI eka geyaracanA prabhasUrinI paNa eka "cAcarI stuti jANavAmAM AvI che.262 A chellI racanA paNa 'apabhraMzanI che, jyAre gujara bhAkhA' tarapha DhaLI paDelI solaNanI carcArI nAmanI geya racanAmAM giranAranI tIrthayAtrAno prasaMga stutyAtmaka rIte nirUpyo che : AmAM kvacit kavi varNana prayojI le che : nIjhara-pANika khalahalaI vAnara karahi pukArA koIla-sadu suhANau tahiM Dugari girinAri II 33|| jaI maI diThI pADI uMca diThuM caDAui tau dhaMmiu ANaMdiyau laddhiu sivapuri ThAu | 34 hiyaDA jaMghau je vahaI tA Urjita caDejA

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220 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 pANiI pIu gaidavaI dukhajalaMjali deje || 35 || girivAI jhaMjhoDiyau pAya thAhara na laheti | kaDi troDaI kaDi thakkI hiyaDauM sosaha jaMti || 36 // 37 dohAnA kAvyane gAvAnuM che, jemAM geyatAnI dRSTie koI viziSTatA jovA maLatI nathI. kavie AmAM saurASTranAM keTalAMka gAmo ane sthaLo-nadI giranAra tarapha yAtrAe jatAM yA AkhI yAtrAmAM AvatAM hoya tevAM gaNAvyAM che. kavie 15mI kaDImAM asaMtapura pahoMcyAM tyAre corono bhaya naDelo e tarapha dhyAna kheMcyuM che, je nALiyerIovALo koI DuMgara hato. A baMne sthAna Aje oLakhI zakAtAM nathI. A yugamAM dhavala-maMgala gavAtAM hatAM evA nirdeza koI koI rAsamAM Ave che, paraMtu dhavala vyApaka rIte jANavAmAM AvyA nathI. prathama jANavAmAM Avela eka dhavalagIta koI sAha rayaNanuM ane bIjuM koI bhattaunuM che. (I. 1221).11 savaiyAnI dezInA DhALanAM 220 kaDIonAM A dhavalagIta jinapatisUri nAmanA jainAcAryanI stutinAM che. kAvyamAM koI paNa camatkAratattva nathI, paraMtu baMdhanI daSTie viziSTatA jovA maLe che, jemake - tihuaNa-tAraNa sivasukhakAraNa vaMchiya pUraNa kalpataro | vighanavinAsaNa pAva-paNAsaNa duritatimirabhara sahakaro | 1 || AmAM AMtara prAsanI racanA. bhattInA dhavalagItamAM 7mI vagere kaDIo jhUlaNA' chaMdamAM maLe che : avara vara vAsuri punyabhara-bhAcuri mUla nakSatri cauthaI ju sAro dhuNaI sura namaI nara caraNa cUDAmaNi jAya3 putra naravaya-kumAroII A pachI lagabhaga soeka varSa bAda racAyelAM cAra "gIta' paNa maLI AvyAM che, je vividhatIrthakalpa' vagere aneka racanAonA kartA jinaprabhasUrinI prazastinAM che. emAMnA eka padamAM jinaprabhasUrine I. 1329mAM mahamada ane kutabuddIna sulatAnano meLApa thayAno nirdeza karavAmAM Avyo che. geyatAnI dRSTie "AMcalI' ane "dhruvapadanI kaDIono prakAra AmAM nirdezAyo che; jevo ke, ke salahau DhIlI navaru he, ke varanau vakhANU eT jinaprabhasUri jaga salahIjai, jiNiraMjila surutANa || 1 || cala sakhi vaMdaNa jAha guNa, garuvau jinaprabhasUri |

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 221 e raliyai tasu guNa gAhiM rAya raMjaNuM paMDiyatilau | AMcalI Agamu siddhaMtu purANa vakhANiya, paDivohaha savvaloIe // 2 // AThAhI Amihi cauthI, teDAvaI sUratANu puhasitu mukha jiNaprabhasUri caliyau, jima rasi iMdu asapati kutuvadInu niraMjauM, dITheli jiNa e kRti hi mana sAsau pUchai, rAyamaNoraha pUrI e // 4 64 vimANi e // 3 // prabhasUri e cAra caraNa 'AMcalI' tarIke noMdhyAM che, je hakIkate dhruvapada ja kahI zakAya. e pachI be caraNa kiMvA ardha e geyabhAga che. A cAramAMnuM eka pada dohAmAM che, bAkInA ajJAta dvipadInAM che. kAvyanI dRSTie koI viziSTatA nathI. paMdaramI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM eka somakuMjara nAmanA sAdhu vaDe kharataragacchapaTTAvalI' mathALe zrI dezAkha rAjavallabha dhanyAzrI e cAra rAgo nIce e gIto apAyAM che. paheluM gIta to prathama zrI (dhavala) rAga'nuM che. A savaiyA copAI so2ThA prakAranA chaMdonI dezIo che. dhavalagIta e I.1185mAM racAyelA zAlibhadrasUrinA bharatezvarabAhubalirAsa'nI vaNi 12mImAM 'sarasvatIdhaula' mathALe 'dhavala' 'chUTaka'mAM 'savaiyA' ane 'harigIta'nA DhALa ApyA che tevo ja A prakAra che. gItomAM dhruvapadanuM eka caraNa ja hoya tevI racanA maLe che; jemake zrIjinazAsana udhadharauM e. navaaMga e taNai vakhAni zrIabhayadevasUri juga5varo| pragaTaU e thaMbhaNa pAsa, zrIjayatihuaNi jeNe guro || 17 || AmAM 'zrIjinazAsana uriuM e' e dhruvanuM eka mAtra caraNa che. eNe kvacit koI koI padamAM pratyeka ardhanA AraMbhamAM 'sAhelI' zabda mUkIne paNa pada racyAM che, je geyatAnA vaividhya mATe mAtra che. A sivAya A padomAM kAvyanI dRSTie kazuM maLatuM nathI. padaprakAra rAsa-sAhityamAM prayukta thato hato ane revaMtagirirAsu' 'samarArAsu' vageremAM vaividhya sAthe paNa racAyela maLela ja che, paNa svataMtra gIto to javalle ja jANavAmAM AvyAM che. ApaNane eno prabaLa puraskAraka to narasiMha maheto ja maLe che, jeNe seMkaDonI saMkhyAmAM padonI racanA karI ApI che. paraMparA jema jayadevanA 'gItagoviMda'mAM jovA maLe che tema A jaina sAhityakAronA rAso'mAM ane kvacit maLatAM 'dhavalo' ane 'gIto'mAM paNa maLe che. A pUrve ullikhita jinaprabhasUri saMskRta prAkRta apabhraMza ane gujara bhAkhAbhUmikAnA e yuganA eka samartha sAhityakAra hatA. emanI apabhraMza racanAomAM 'saMdhi' 'kulaka' 'svAdhyAya' 'stotra' 'stavana' mathALe keTalIka racanAo maLe che, paraMtu

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222 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 uttara gaurjara apabhraMza'nI kahI zakAya tevI racanAo "rAsayuganA gALAmAM jANavAmAM AvI nathI. saMdarbhanoMdha 1. hari harSada dhruve saMpAdita karelI vAcanA uparathI je. e. giyarsane enA bhAratIya bhASA-samIkSA' nAmanA sarvekSaNa graMthanA 9 mA bhAganA bIjA khaMDamAM "mugdhAvabodha auktikanuM vyAkaraNa ApyuM che tyAM ane ke. kA. zAstrIe 'ApaNA kavio - khaMDa 1mAM pR. 356-363) saMkhyAbaMdha udaharaNo ApyAM che. badhuM nAgadamaNa gujarAtI bhASA. juo premAnaMdakRta dazamaskaMdha,16-54. gujara bhAkhAe navarAnA guNa manohara gAuM." juo bhAlaNa kRta naLAkhyAna 1-1 vagere. juo DaoN. tesTiorinA mULa aMgrejI graMthano ke. kA. zAstrIno guja. anuvAda (guja. yuni. prakAzana). e noMdhapAtra che ke mAravADanA jAbAlipura = jAloramAM racavAmAM AvelI kuvalayamAlA' nAmanI prAkRta gadyapadyAtmaka kathAnA kartA udyotanasUri bhinnamALa sahitanA jAbAlipuranA pradezane ja razno puSpo (saMdaro kurmaza:) kahe che pR. 282). A racanA kartAe zAke 700 (vi. saM. 835-I. 779)nA caitra vadi caudasa jeTalA jUnA samayamAM karI che. sakhAuno albarUnIjha inDiyA' e aMgrejI anuvAda-graMtha 1, pR. 202 juo sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNakAra bhojadevanAM vacana : kRti tame sITI: prAkRtaM sNskRtdvissH| apabhraMzena tuSyanti svena nAnyeya gurjraaH|| 2-13 juo apabhraMza vyAkaraNa anu. ke. kA. zAstrI, prastAvanA. vj o umAzaMkara jozI juo 'ApaNA kavio' - khaMDa 1, pR. 143-151. ane gujarAtI . sAhityanuM rekhAdarzana' khaMDa 1, pR. 24-30. 11. gujarAta vidyAsabhA amadAvAdanuM ke. kA. zAstrIe saMpAdita kareluM prakAzana 12. bikAneranA sAdUla risarca insTiTyUTanuM meM. 2. majamudAre saMpAdita kareluM prakAzana

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rAsa ane phUgu sAhitya 223 13. "khumANarAso' "vIsaladevarAso' "pRthurAjarAso' hammIrarAso' 'AlhAkhaMDa" (jaganikano) A pAMca racanA hiMdI sAhityanA itihAsakAroe 'vIragAthAkAla'mAM mUkI che. paNa pAMcanI racanA 15mI sadI pachInI hovAnA viSayamAM hiMdI vidvAno paNa sahamata thaI cUkyA che. 14. 15. jinadattasUrinI apabhraMza racanA jUnI che, jyAre 'rAsayuganI uttara gurjara apabhraMzanI eka 38 kaDIonI koI solaNanI maLe che. prAcIna gurjara kAvyasaMgraha, pR. 71-74 jahA teNa kevaliNA araNNaM pavisiuNa paMcacorasayAIM rAsa-NaccNa-cchaleNa mahAmohagaha-gahiyAI akkhiviuNa imAe caccarIe saMbohiyAiM bhara meM Bael sudharmA svAmIe jaMgalamAM praveza karI moTA mohanI jhapaTamAM gherAyelA pAMcaso corone rAsa nartananA bahAne bolAvIne nIce ApelI carcarIthI ubodhana karyuM mR. 4). lekhaka ahIM A pachI dhuvaya (saM. dhruva - Teka)nI kaDI ApI pachI plavaMgama chaMdanI 4 kaDI Ape che, je sarvathA geya racanA che. kAlidAsanA vikramorvazIyanA cothA aMkanI apabhraMza dhruvAo moTA bhAganI "carcarIo che. tyAM eka dhuvA plavaMgama chaMdanI paNa che(8mo zloka). tyAM to doharA-copAI-caraNAkuLanI dhruvAo paNa che. udyotanasUrie Apela "carcarI' upadezAtmaka che ane sAhitya-racanA che. sAthosAtha e ja "rAsa' che ema saMdarbha uparathI samajAya che. saM. 1132 (I. 1036)mAM jinadattasUrinI 'upadezarasAyaNa' nAmanI upadezAtmaka apabhraMza padyakRti 80 kaDIonI maLe che, jene eno saM. TIkAkAra jinapAlopAdhyAya TIkAnA AraMbhamAM prAkRtamayA dhasIyanAravyo rAsatha ema (saM.1294 - I.1238mAM) kahe - che; jinadattasUri to 3vasarasAyapu (kaDI 80 mI) mAtra kahe che (apabhraMza kAvyatrayI, pR. ra9 ane 6 5-6 6). ahIM noMdhavAnuM to e che ke jinadattasUrinI 47 kaDIonI AbhANaka' chaMdamAM racAyelI apabhraMza varjarI paNa maLe ja che (apa. kAvyatrayI, pR. 1-27). TIkAkAranA jaNAvyA pramANe "the... nRtyandriyate' - A "carcarI' nAcanArA gAya che. A 'AbhANaka chaMda vastusthitie to plavaMgama'nA chellA lagAne sthAne lalala' karI levAthI siddha thayelo che. 15. adamana siddo taiyarIyaM virya (4). 15. huM dhruvi vmaLisu rAsA chavidi (2-3) 15I. vari sarasati, si! mAruM navaDa rIsu nIvayarIsu () (rAsa aura rAsAtvathI kavitA, pR. 98). 16. saM. 1225 (I. 116 9) AsapAsanI 'uttara gurjara apabhraMza'nI racanAomAM zAha rayaNanuM 'jinapatisUri dhavalagIta ane bhattInuM 'zrI jinapatisUri-gIta'

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224 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 17. prAguasaMgraha, pR. 7 18. cakrurhasantyazca tathaiva rAsaM taddezabhASAkRtiveSayuktAH / sahastatAlaM lalitaM salIlaM varAGganA maGgalasaMbhRtAGgaya: / / harivaMza 2-88-7 20. 18. tau rAsasaktairatikUrdamAnairyadupravIrairamaraprakAzaiH / harSAnviMta vIra jagattathAbhUt zemuzca pApAni janendrasUno / / 2 4, 2-88-22. nArahane rAsapraNetA mahesa che. rAsa pUro thayo tyAre nAradano hAtha jhAlI kRSNa samudramAM sau sAthe khelavA paDyA vagere kathA ApI che. 21. 22. bhaje che (dukhI 'saitihAsiddha hai. a. saMgraha, dhavalagIto ja che. 6-8), pae se mAtra stutyAtma 23. 24. kAlidAsanA mAlavikAgnimitramAM bIjA aMkamAM mAlavikA 'chalitaka' vRtta kare che te mane A ja lAge che. emAM tyAM geya cIja paNa 2jU thaI che ja. AjJApayAmAsa tataH sa tasyAM nizi pradRSTo bhagavAnupendraH / chAlikyageyaM bahusaMnidhAnaM yadeva gAndharvamudAharanti / / 67 / / jagrAha vINAmatha nAradastu SaDgrAmarAgAdisamAdhiyuktAm / hallIsakaM tu svayameva kRSNaH savaMzaghoSaM naradeva pArthaH / / 68 / / mRdaGgavAdyAnaparAMzca vAdyAnvarApsarastA jagRhuH pratItAH / ... harivaMza 2-8 9-67 thI 68 ajja bhaTTidAmodaLo ImaSSiM vRndAvaNe govakaNNaAhi Saha hallISaaM NAma pakkILiduM Aacchadi / ... teNa hi Sabbehi govajaNehi Saha bhaTTidAmodaLa ssa hallISaaM pekkhahma / (jAsayarita, pR. 36-38) / dhoSasundari ! vanamAle ! candalekhe! mRgAkSi ! ghoSasyAnurUpo'yaM hallIsakanRttabandha upayujyatAm / (5.41) 2328. kAliassa paJca phaNANi akkamanto haLLISaaM pakiLadi / (jAsayarita, pR.51 ) evaM sa kRSNo gopInAM cakravAlairalaMkRtaH / zAradISu sacandrAsu nizAsu mumude sukhI / / (harivaMza 2-20-34) TI$ : cakravAlaiH maNDalaiH hallIsakrIDanam / ekasya puMso bahubhiH krIDane saiva rAsakrIDA / gopInAM maNDalInRtyabandhane hallIsakaM viduH / / A graMtha I. sa. nI bIjI sadIno tAmiLa bhASAno che. A nRttAdi vizenI vizada yaryA bhATe dukho Indian Culture, Vol. IV, pR. 267-71. tAmimAM 'zasanRtta'ne aiciyar kuravai hevAmAM Ave che. (dukhI Gita - Govinda with Abhinaya3. vAsudeva zAstrI, tAMbhera, 1863, Introduction, pR. 1 ( tAMbhera sarasvatI mahAsa-aMthabhANA, aM.6)

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 225 25. tA: prasattiAmipUifma: saDha saram | rAma rASTimArato : || (brahmapurANa 188-31) 26. tAdhi: prasavAmiifma: saha sAvaram | rAma rasamASTafmaruvAravarito hari:|| (viSNupurANa pa-13-48 vagere) 27. nIlakaMThe "harivaMza ra-235nI upara nirdezelI TIkAnA anusaMdhAnamAM 'rAsagoSThInI vyAkhyA ApI che : pRthu suvRtta makRM vitatimatronAM kau vinikhanya zakum / Akramya padbhyAmitaretaraM tu hastairdhamo'yaM khalu raasgosstthii| 28. bhAgavata 133-16, 139-29, 10443, 6 2 vagere 29. nATyazAstra-abhinavabhAratI sAthe, graM. 1, adhyAya 4. kArikA 268-69 uparanI TIkAmAM : maNDalena tu yannRttaM hallIsakamiti smRtam / ekastatra tu netA syAd gopatrINAM yathA hariH / / anekanartakIyojyaM citratAlalayAnvitam / AcatuHSaSTiyugalAd rAsakaM masRNoddhatam / / (gAyaka. mALA., pR. 181) 'sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa" ane "zRMgAprakAzanA lekhaka bhojadeva, vaLI vADmaTa, AcArya hemacaMdra, emanA ziSya rAmacaMdra, bhAvaprakAzanakAra zAradAtanaya, sAhityadarpaNakAra vizvanAtha vagere sAhityazAstrIoe uparanI AcArya abhinavagupta ciraMtanonI kahI utArI lIdhelI kArikAone ja kyAMka thoDA pAThabhede ja apanAvI lIdhI che. zAradAtanaya jevAe to hallIsakane sthAne paNa "rAsaka kahI garabaDa karI nAkhI che. (bhAvaprakAzana, adhi. 9, pR. 26 6). zAradAtanaya ane vemabhUpAla ("bharatakozamAM) 'rAsakanI vyAkhyAmAM thoDothoDo vadhAro paNa karI vaividhya umeravA prayatna kare che. (bhAvaprakAzana, pR. 263-65; bharatakoza, pR. 55ra vagere). juo nIcenI pAdaTIpa 31mI. 30. nITarva kripa-zamya-rAsa-znanyAdri vat | uktaM tadabhineyArthamukto'nyaistasya vistaraH / / 1-24 31. harSacaritamAM reLavavavartamajutIre vara sarasaramasAra ainartanArezmaramardIna: (nirNayasAgaranuM prakAzana, pR. 48). TIkAkAra zaMkara tyAM ja maUtIvRtta hallIsakram kahI "mane tu nRtta...' e AcArya abhinavagupta udAhata karelI kArikA noMdhe che, jyAre rAsa-lakSaNa ApatAM aSTI pozadatrizadyatra nRtyantiA nAya ?yi): 1 fuDI vanyAnusAra tenU rAsa nRtam | | kArikA noMdhe che. zAradAtanaya 'bhAvaprakAzanamAM trIjI vyAkhyA noMdhatA SoDaza dvArA vA yarmina nRtti nAyil: 1 pauDIvAtivivAre rAte vAhatam | | (pR. 263-6 4)ane

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226 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 tema bhUpAla "bharatakoza'mAM pavitnama: thoDaza zIkha va | satra nRtyanti narnavacaratA samuhRtam | pR. 552) AvI kArikAo Ape che. zaMkaranA ullekha pramANe ATha-soLa-batrIsa sudhInI, jyAre zAradAtanaya ane vemabhUpAlanA kahevA pramANe soLa-bAra-ATha sudhInI, nartakIo piMDIbaMdha vagere karI nRtta kare te rAsaka. 32. "DonDrI zrImati pANI pANIprathA narasi: | be va sapta nRtyastha (?ca) merA: sunsepa mAvat 11' rati rUpAntarAma mAvAt vadhArAnupapatta:' nirNayasAgara-prakAzana, pR. 2). 33. sarasvatIkaMThabharaNa nirNayasAgara-prakAzana), 2-154, 155, pR. 26 2, ane AgaLa jatAM tyAM tarata ja AcArya abhinavaguptavALI mauDalene tuM e kArikA (156mI tarIke mUkI vRttimAM tara8 hRtnIsameva tAtaMtryavazeSayukta rAsa patyucyatA pR. 264ema kahe che. 34. hosvi-maM-prathAna-mALio-prera- ziva-rAmakrIDa-hatnI-zakitarAsa-goSTIkRtani jayati nirNayasAgara, pR. 18) A sUtra upara lakhatAM tyAM e ja vAlmaTa padArthomanavavaMAvAna hosvitIna yarUpaNa niraMtavatana ema kahI, A abhinavaguptavALI vyAkhyA kArikAono ullekha karI maNi pachI preraLa, fzI (abhinava SiA) pachI rAmAmaDa, hatnI pachI hita ane rAsa pachI goSThInI vyAkhyA umerI le che. 35 emaNe vizeSamAM rAtre umeryuM che. (ra. cho. parIkhanuM saMpA, pR. 446-49). 36. sarakhAvo zAradAtanaya ane temabhUpAle ApelI vyAkhyA. rAmacaMdranI vyAkhyAmAM piusIvanyavicAro eTalo ja zAradAtanayanI kArikAthI pAThabheda che. rAmacaMdranuM nATyarAsakanuM lakSaNa : minISuivo maUtheSTituM yag pATha, yatra) nRtyo raVITu vasantaHsAI sa joyo nATyarI: 2 prAcyuM. vidyAmaMdira, vaDodarAnI AvRtti, pR.215) DaoN. rAghavana nATyarasa e ja varI hovAnuM kahe che zuM. pra, pR. 546). 37. vinA vizeSa sarveSAM nama nITanmatam | 6 || Ama chaThThA paricchedamAM geyanRta prakArano cheda ja uDADI nAkhe che. A paricchedanI 277-79, 288-90 ane 307 e kArikAomAM traNenAM lakSaNa ApavAmAM AvyA che. 38. juo A pahelAMnI saMdarbhanoMdha. 39. natArI tenI sattaOdhArAsavaM bhavet |

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40. 41. "baisaI sahUrNa zramaNasaMgha sAvaya guNavaMtA, 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 227 DarAsame tu tathA maDalarAsam || (bhAvaprakAzana, pR. 297) AmAMnA 'maMDalarAsa'nuM svarUpa 'rAsasarvasva'mAM maLe che; jevuM ke strIbhizca puruSaizcaiva dhRtahastaiH kramasthitaiH / maDale yite vRtta sa rAsa: proate budhai:|| (bhAratI vaidya, rAsasAhityaH pR.55) maM. 2. majamUdAra, gujarAtI sAhityanAM svarUpo : pR. 75 joyai ucchavu jinaha bhuviNa mina haraSa dharatA / tIche tAlArasa paDai, bahu bhATa paDhatA, anad lakuTArasa joIi khelA nAcaMtA // (prA.gU.kA.saMgraha, pR. 52) juo A pahelAMnI saMdarbhanoMdha. DaoN. ha. cU. bhAyANIe 'saMdezaka-rAsakanI aMgrejI prastAvanAmAM A vize vizada carcA karI che. juo pR. 53-56. 'saMdezaka-rAsaka'nI saMskRta TIkA racanAra paM. lakSmIcaMdra TIkAmAM AvatA 'AbhANaka' chaMdanuM lakSaNa ApI (pR.12)5 rAsa%0ndra: ema kahe che. apabhraMzakAvyatrayI, pR. 12 ane pR. 27 : iyaM ca prathamaM maJjarI bhASayA nRtyAddhiyita (pR. 1). DaoN. rAghavane dhyAna doryuM che ke je vRttarAsa che tene varnara kahe che (aM. zRMgAra-prakAza, pR. 550) apabhraMzakAvyatrayI, pR. 29, jyAM dharmarasAyano rAsaae ane atra paddhaTiviSe mAtrA SoDaza pALA: ema TIkAkAra jinapAle noMdhyuM ja che. upadezAtmaka A 'upadezarasAyana' 80 kaDIonI padyaracanA che ane emAM kazuM kAvyatattva paNa nathI. mAtra tatkAlIna apabhraMza-racanA tarIke enuM mUlya che. taha tao kulakamalo pAIyakavvesu gIyavisayesu / addahamANapasiddho saMneyarAsayaM raheya / / saMdezarAsaka, pR. 3 saMdezAsaka, mAM. 26-30, 41-58, 64-68,91-92, 96-99, 101-103, 104a-ba, 105-107, 109-110, 113, 117-118, 161-125,130136, 139-147, 151, 154-155 184-190, 193-198 A kaDIo rAsA chaMda kiMvA AmALa chaMdamAM racAyela che. vRttajAtisamuccaya (muMbaI yuni. jarnala, 1929), pR. 60 vihAMkaracita vRttajAtisamuccayamAM 4+4+4+gugu e prakArano 16 mAtrAno eka 'rAso' chaMda paNa batAvyo che :

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228 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 paDhama-gaInda-NiuIaehiM bIaa-taia-turaMgamaehiM / jANasu kaNNavirAmaaehiM sundari rAsa a pAaehiM / / muMbaI yuni. jarnala, 1929, pR. 70). A nIce ullekhita virahAMkanA 'rAsaka' ane hemacaMdra(invInuzAsana, pU. 3, pU. 4) batAvelA "rAsaka' chaMdathI judo che. 49. e ja : DitAhiM kuvadahiM va pattA kRdiM tA 34 DhosahiM | bahuehiM jo raijjai so bhaNNaI rAsao NAma / / 5. 60 50. tAMjora sarasvatImahAla graMthamAlAnA aMka chaThThA tarIke Gita-Govind with Abhinava mathALe ke. vAsudeva zAstrIno graMtha chapAyo che. (tAMjora: 1963) temAM gItagoviMdanA pratyeka zabdane abhinayathI "bharatanATyanI rIte kevI rIte rajU karavo e batAvavAmAM AvyuM che ane e paNa hastalikhita graMthomAM noMdhAyelI. sUcanAonA rUpamAM. "gItagoviMdanI kSamatAno A sarvottama purAvo che. - 51. DaoN. sunItikumAra ceTarajI "gItagoviMda' mULe apabhraMza bhASAnI racanA hatI ane pachI enuM saMskRtIkaraNa thayuM che evo mata dharAve che. juo DaoN. A. bA. dhruva smAraka graMtha (aMgrejI bhAga 3, pR. 189) para. saMdezakarAsaka (sidhI jaina graMthamALA, graM. 22) - aMgrejI prastAvanA : teramuM pAnuM. abdura rahemAna vaiduvi f 3 masiyaDa (4)bahurUpI (abhinetAoe) bAMdhala rAsa' kahevAmAM Ave che - gavAya che yA bhajavAya che ema kahe che pR.19). saMdezakarAsakamAM 82, 87, ane 85mI kaDIo zuddha "kAminImohana' 20 mAtrAnA caraNavALI, jemAM 3-8-17-18mI mAtrAo eka "laghunA rUpamAM ja hoya che tevI che. 54. saMvata bAraha saya sattAvatraI vikkamakAli gayaI paDiputraI ! AsoyAM siya sattamihiM hatyohatyi jiSNu nikhAya? | saMtisUripakabhattariya racau rAsa bhaviyAM maNamohaNa II' kartA bAvanamI kaDImAM pote jAloramAMthI AvI sahajigapura(=sejakapura)mAM pArzvanAthanA daherAsaramAM nava8 rAju banAvyAnuM kahe che, jyAM potAne vi. masi' kahe che. chellI kaDImAM kartA rAsa' hovAnuM kahe che : 'eha rAsu puNa buddhihi jaMti, bhAvihiM bhagatihiM jiNahara diti... ||. 22 rAjasthAna-bhAratI 4-6, saM. 1437nI pratanA AdhAre. 55.

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56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 6 2. 63. rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 229 yaM DombivA-mALa-prasthAna-f na-zikA-pUra-rAmAIDa-hallIsa-rAsagoSThI-zrIvita-rAvyAdri (pR. 445-46) 'rAgakAvya'nuM lakSaNa ApatAM AcArya hemacaMdre nIce, nATyazAstranI TIkA 'abhinavabhAratImAM AcArya abhinavagupte kohalanI kahelI kArikA ApI che te, batAvI che. (pR. 449) juo 32mI saMdarbhanoMdha. yathoktaM kohana 'layAntaraprayogeNa rAgaizcApi vivecitam / nAnArasa sunirvAhyavayaM vyimiti smRtam ||(nATyazAstra-gAyakavADa., graMthamALA.; graM.1, pR. 183-184) evamavAntaravAkyairupadezo rAgadarzanIyeSu / siMhAdivarNakairvA kvacidapyarthAntararanyAsAt / / (e ja, pR. 174). nRtta 'nATyathI abhinna che evo mata ApI tarata kahyuM che ke rAdhavavinayAvirA vAvyAviprayogo nAcamevAbhinayayoAt - abhinayano yoga hovAne kAraNe rAdhavinaya vagere 'rAgakAvya' vagereno prayoga 'nATya' ja che. mAtra jemAM aMgamaroDa vagere che te to nRtya che, emAM 'nATya' nathI ja. AmAM 'rAghavavijaya' varALa thI gavAvAnuM ane mArIcavadha' kakubharAgI gavAvAnuM AcArya abhinava lakhe che ane kahe che ke gata va rAjAvyAnItyuSyante tAni; rAjo zItyAtmAsvarasya,tavAdhArabhUtaM Avyamiti (pR.184). DaoN. rAghavane enA aMgrejI 'zRMgAraprakAzamAM saMskRta zuM. pra.nI kArikAo uSkRta karI che : AkSiptikAtha varNo mAtrA dhruvako'tha bhagnatAlazca / vardhatikAcchadhvanikA yatra syuH tadiha kAvyamiti / / yuktaM layAntarairyacca dhvanikAsthAnanirmitairbhavati / miti vividharAnuM citramiti tanuSyate timi: ||(aMgrejI'zRMgAraprakAza',549) bhAvaprakAzana, pR. 265 aMgrejI zRMgAraprakAza, pR. 551. DaoN. rAghavane abhinayavALI tAMjoranI be hAthapratono nirdeza karyo che, je have prasiddha thaI gayela che, je A pUrvenI saMdarbhanoMdha-50mAM batAvyuM ja che. saM. 1637 -I. 1581nI bho. je. vidyAbhavananI naM. 3623nI prata uparathI rAjasthAna purAtattvAnveSaNa maMdira-jodhapura' vatI DaoN. priyabALA zAhanuM saMpAdana 'gIgirIza'

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230 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha- 1 64. 65. 66. 6 7. 68. jaina sAhityakAroe 'rAsa' mathALe ane jainetara AkhyAnakAroe 'AkhyAna' mathALe seMkaDonI saMkhyAmAM racanAo karI che, A badhI ja kAMI kAvyatattva sAcavatI nathI hotI, chatAM sAhityanuM to aMga banI ja rahe che. 'phAgu' to moTe bhAge kAvyatattvavibhUSita che, paraMtu bIjA prakAromAM kAvyatattva thoDuM yA nahivat to ThIka, keTalIka kRtiomAM aMzamAtrano paNa abhAva jovA maLe che. chatAM e sau 'sAhitya'mAM to samAveza pAme ja che. upara paNa e ja dRSTithI e vargIkaraNano prayatna che. DaoN. ha. cU. bhAyANI 'saMdezaka-rAsakanI prastAvanAmAM jene zvetAMvara kiMvA purnara apabhraMza kahe che te A. 'saMdezaka-sasaka' A gurjara apabhraMzanAM lakSaNa dharAve che (saMdezakarAsaka, prastA., pR. 47). AcArya zrI jinavijayajI abdur rahemAnano A samaya nirdeze che (e ja, prastAvanA, pR. 13). lakSmIdharanI saMskRta TIkA. saM. 1465 (I. 1409)mAM racAyelI hoI e pUrvano samaya to kharo ja. A uttaramaryAdA che. eNe vyaMjanonuM kRtrima dvitva dharAvatAM rUpa vAparyA che enA uparathI meM paMdaramI zatAbdI enI uttaramaryAdA sthApelI (juo 'ApaNA kavio' pR. 327), paraMtu eno AraMbha jUnA samayamAM zarU thaI gayelo ja hato avahaTTaprakAra-DiMgaLanA AdyarUpamAM. Ama vadhu jUnA samayamAM eTale ke AcArya hemacaMdranA samayamAM abdur rahemAnane mUkavAnuM mane have vadhu yogya lAge che. vijayanagara e sAbarakAMThAnuM poLo gAma e mArA taraphathI sUcavAyeluM, paNa have saMskRta TIkA prApta thatI hoI e spaSTa rUpe jesalamera (pazcima mAravADa)-nA pradezanuM vikramapura che. pathika to mulatAna-sAmorano ja che, ane khaMbhAtanA dhorImArgamAM vacce vijayanaga2thI pasAra thavuM paDe e svAbhAvika che. mahamUda gajhanavI gijhanIthI siMdha ane mAravADanA A ja mArge cheka aNahillapura sudhI AvI tyAMthI somanAtha pATaNa pahoMcyo hato. vijyanayarahu kAvi va22maNi, uttuMgathi2thorathaNi, biruDalakka dhayaraTTha-pauha2 / dINANaNa pahu gRihai, jalapavAha pavahaMti dIhara / virahagRihi kaNamaMgi-taNu taha sAlimapavatru | Najjai rAhi viDaMbiau tArAhivai saunnu || 24 || phusaI loyaNa ruvaI dukSmatta, dhammilau mumuha, vijyuMbhai aru aMgu moDai / virahAnali saMtavia, sasai dIha karasAha toDai | ima muha vilavaMtiyaha mahi cala Nehi chi Mtu / adbhukINau tiNi pahiu pahi joyau pavataMtu 25|| (saMrAsaka, pR.11-12)

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69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 231 e ja, pR. 26, kaDI 6 5 e ja, pR. 54. e ja, pR. 82 e ja, pR. 84 jema aciMtiu kajju tasu siddha khaNaddhi mahaMtu tema paDhatA sugaMtaha, jyaI aNAI aNaMtu // 223 (e ja, pR. 90) Avo prayatna koI hiMdI vidvAne DaoN. hariprasAda dvivedInA 'saMdezarAsaka' uparanA maMtavyanuM khaMDana karavA nimitte karelo jANavAmAM Avyo che. devasUri paNamevi sayalu tiyaloya-vadItau / vayasennasUri bhaNai ehi raNaraMgu jI vItau || 36 // (rAsa aura rAsAnvayI kavitA, pR. 57) jaisAsaMitihAsa, pR. 336 e ja, pR. 57 e ja, pR. 57 saMskRta mAM "ghora vi. bhayaMkara' maLe che. AcArya hemacaMdre dezInAmamAlA (3-111, 112)mAM tIDajAti, gIdha ane 'nAzita' arthamAM noMdhela che. e uparathI 'nAzakathA'nA arthamAM abhipreta hoya. saMvata e bAra ekatAla phAguNa paMcamii eu kIu e' | 203 || (e ja, pR. 62) sava e gaccha siNagAra, vayarasezasUri-pATadharo | 201 guNagaNahuM e taNu bhaMDAra, sAlibhadrasUri jANIie| kIdhauM e teNa ritu bharaharanaresara rAu (rAsu) chaMdihi || 202 (e ja, pR.82) 'vaNi' 'bhAsa' 'kaDavaka' vagere te te jyAM pUrNa thatAM hoya tyAM hAthapratomAM lakhavAno rivAja hato, tethI e jyAM lakhAyela hoya te pachI te te nahi gaNavAM joIe. eTale bha. bA. rAsanI pahelI ThaNi 15 kaDI geya doDhInI ApI be vastu chaMda Ape che tyAM 17mIe pUrI thaI gaNIe. ane vaNi zabda lakhyo hoya tyAMthI e bIjI varNi thAya. e ja pramANe 'bhAsa' 'kaDavaka'nuM samajavuM.

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232 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 83. bharatezvarabAhubalirAsanA vyAkaraNa mATe juo 'ApaNA kavio khaMDa 1', pR.408-411. "saMdezaka-rAsakamAM vyaMjanonA kRtrima dvitvavALA zabdonI jema AmAM paNa che ja, je "avahaDha kiMvA DiMgaLanI mUlavartI lAkSaNikatA che. rAsa aura rAsAnvayI kAvya. pR. 63 e ja. pR. 63-64 87. e ja. pR. 85 e ja, pR. 0 e ja, pR. 98 90. rAsa aura rAsAnathI kAvyamAM enA saMpAdakoe apabhraMzamizrita dviI gva pravInatara padyakRti tarIke A racanAne biradAvI che pR. 93), paraMtu bhASAbhUmikA tapAsatAM hiMdIno koI aMza paNa dITho jaDato nathI. 'eha rAsu puNa vRdvihiM jati bhAvihiM bhagatihiM jiNahara diMti | paDhaI paDhAvaI je suNaI taha savi dukukhaI saIyaha jaMti | jAlaura naari Asa bhaNaI jammi jami tUsaI sarasati | 35 I' (eja, pR 16 1) asu vayaNa pAmhaNa puja kIjai | pa3 || bAra saMvachari navamAsIe vasaMtamAsu raMbhAula dave | ehu rAhu (su) visatArihiM jAe rAkhaI sayala saMgha aMbAe pajA" (rA.rA.kAvya, pR. 128) 928. e japR. 126 93. gihi e ramaI jo rAsu sirivijayaseNasUrinimmavila e ! nemijinuM tUsaI tAsu, aMbika pUraI maNi ralI e | 20 |" prA.gu.kA.saMgraha, pR. 7). dhyAnamAM rAkhavA jevuM che ke giranAra parvatanuM mULa nAma to 3yaMta che. zrI neminAthe prathama dIkSA jaivatarimAM lIdhelI ane pachI tIrthakaratva karNayaMta mAM prApta kareluM. dvArakA samudramAM lupta thatAM enI najIkanA cAre krIDAzailo paNa lupta thayA. kALabaLe revatakanuM sthAna bhUlAI jatAM zrI neminAthane kAraNe saivatakara ane sarjayaMta eka

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rAsa ane phugu sAhitya 233 gaNAI gayA, ane skaMdaguptanA giranAranA lekhamAM (I. 456) cakrapAlike eka ja parvata mATe beu nAma ApyAM che. juo gu.ai. lekho, lekha naM. 15, pR. 6. 95. prA.gU.kA.saMgraha, pR. 1 96. khabUtarI khANa ane suvAvaDI paraba vacce pahADanI karADamAM pagathI upara pazcimAbhimukha (caDatI veLA jamaNe hAthe Ave ema) saMvat 2222 zrImatijJAtIya mahuM zrIrANibhUta marda zrImAMvAna pa kAritA, bIjo khabUtarIkhANanI dIvAle saM. 2223 mahuM zrIrAmAsuta zrI mavAne padya zaritA, evA be lekha maLe che. arthAt saM.1220 (I.1164) AsapAsamAM kAM to pagathIno AraMbha thayo hoya, yA vijayasenasUrie yAdadAstathI A varSa sUcavyuM hoya. 97. prA.v.kA.saMgraha, pR. 3 98. e ja, pR. 3 99, giranAra uparanA parvata lekha saM. 1288 (I. 1232)nA che te samaye yA ekAda varSamAM A rAsanI racanA saMbhave che. I. 1229 thI 1240nA gALAnA 18 lekha A sUrinA maLyA che. emanA ja upadezathI vastupALa-tejapALe aneka dharmakAryo karyA hatAM. (ApaNA kavio - khaMDa 1, pR. 16 6 -6 7). tyAM ja batAvyuM che te pramANe amaracaMdrasUrinA guru zAMtisUri ane emanA guru maheMdrasUri. 10). "purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgrahamAM pRthurAjanuM avasAnavarSa saM. 1246 (I.119O) maLe che (juo, pR. 87). 101, munikI jinavijayajIe batAvyuM che te pramANe saM. 1528mAM nakala thayelA jUnA prabaMdhomAMnA koI koImAM thaI caMdaracita cAra chappA maLyA che, eTale caMdanA astitvane to nakArI zakAya ema nathI. caMdane prabaMdhamAM vandratidize dvArapaTTo kahela che (purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha, pR. 86). A kAramaTTa-zabda prA. vArahaTTa dvArA "bAroTa' lAvI Apyo gaNAya. artha che : rAjAone daravAje Ubho raheto "bhATa.' 102. sirideviMdasUridaha vayaNe khami uvasami sahiyau | gayasukumAla tiNaucaritU siridelhaNi raIyeu | 33 ' ' (rAsAnvayI kAvya, pR. 120) A deveMdrasUri caMdragucchanA hovAnI saMbhAvanA che, jemaNe saM. 1298 (I.1242)mAM 'upamitibhavaprapaMca kathAno sAroddhAra karelo (je.sA.sa.itihAsa, pR.397). 103. rA.rA.kAvya, pR. 117

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234 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 104. jaisA saMitihAsa, pR. 396 105. upabhaNisu nemi su rAso, jaNa nisuNI tUsiyA 1|| nemikumAraha rahau gaNi sumaUNa rAsu | pa3 | sAsaNa devI aMbAI Ihu rAsu diyaMtaha.... || 54 I (rA.rA.kAvya. 75 101 ane 105) 106. rA.rA.kAvya, pR. 262 107. "saMvata tera sattAvIsae mAha-masavADaI | guruvAri AvIya dasamI pahilaI pakhavADaI | tahi pUru huu rAsa siva-sukha-nihANUM ! jiNa cauvIsaI bhavIyaNaha karisiI kalyANUM / 118' (prA.gU.kA.saMgraha, pR. 58) 108. e ja, pR. para 109. lA. da. saM. vidyAmaMdira, naM. 86 51 110. maMtri saMgrAmasIha guNa jANaI sAlibhadra vaSANaI | ArAhaluM mana ApaNaI aMcalagacchaguNarAu | zrIjayazekharasUri guru teha taNau aha pasAu / 2 !' 111. jai.sA.sa.itihAsa, pR. 516 112-13. lA. da. bhA. saM. vidyAmaMdira, naM. 86 51 114. zrIbhadesarasUrihiM vaMso bIjI sAhaha vaMnisa rAso dhamIya rolu nivArIchAva' ane 'tAsu sIsu cirakAlu pratapau prajJAtilakasUre.... | tera trisaThaI rAsu koviMTAvaDi nimiu... I' (prA.pU.kA.saMgraha) 115. e ja, pR. 37-38 nAbhinaMdanajinodvAra prabaMdhamAM spaSTa ullekha che ke A saMbaDadevasUri samarasiMhanI yAtrAmAM sAmela hatA, jemaNe rAsa paNa racyo : zrImannivRttigacchIyA AmradevAkhyasUrayaH / / turhasatasthati yAtrIthI: rAsa: Rta: || -600 || 116. prA.v.kA.saMgraha, pR. 46

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rAsa ane phugu ahitya 235 117. 'nisuNau e samaiprabhAvi tIratharAyaNa gaMjaNI e ! bhaviyaha e karuNArAvi nIhuramanu mohi paDila... I 1 I" (prA.gU.kA.saMgraha, pR. 29-chelle) 118. e ja, pR. 27 119. e ja, pR27 120. hiMsavesi jasu su ramae surasarIya jalapUri ta || 2 e ja, pR. 28 121. A siddhasUrinA ziSya kakkasUrie nAbhijinoddhAprabaMdha'nI saMskRtamAM racanA karI. A baMne samarasiMhanA samakAlIna. (e ja. pR. ra9) 122. "kirizaMbhu kiri avara resi mAgaI AkhaMDalu | 7 | (e ja, pR. 59 ane 62) kamalasUrinI pATe prajJAsUri AvyA te prajJAtilakasUri ziSya hatA. 123. e ja, pR. 28 124. e ja, pR. 34 ahIM vivene rUpa dhyAnamAM rAkhavA jevuM che. chaThThI vibhaktino artha ApanArA vaDano prayoga to sAmAnya hato, paNa A prakAranA phennavALA bhU. ku. paNa maLe che. 125. e ja, pR. 37 126. "saMgha vAchalu karI cIri bhale mAlhetaDe, pUjiya darisaNa pAya suNi suMdare, pUjiya darisaNa pAya | soraTha deza saMdhu saMcariu.mA. cauDe ramaNi vihAI / 1 / (e ja, pR. 34) 127. "mANasa mANasi hiya dalijaI... I' e ja, pR. 36) 128. upara ApelAM udAharaNomAM evA keTalAka zabdo AvI gayA che : pAtasAhi, suratANa, alapakhAnuM, khAnu, pAnuSAnu, aDadAsi (aradAsa), duniya, haja yAtrA), hIMdue, kuramANa, ahidara, malika, Sajamata, sallAra' A zabdo dhyAna kheMce che. 129, jalavaTanATaku joI navaraMga e rAsa lauDArA e | 4 || (e ja, pR. 36) 130. "dAmodara hari paMcamI. 5 I" (e ja, pR. 35)

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236 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 131. 'diu pIyANuM, hiva ma na rahisau maMDalika bhaNai ima, tahiM nA ' (prA.gU.kA.saMgraha, pariziSTa, pR. 30) 132. maMDalika maMDiu vAsa tahiM visama e suraTha vaDadesa, bhola loka tahi nivasaya e " (e ja, pariziSTa, pR. 39) 133. 'tejalapura aMgaNi dInhA vAsa, ugrasenamaMdiru dITha pagAra, ayana2 kavi bhaNai gati khaiMgAra / garUau dIsae poli pagAra, nara5ma narasIha na2-AdhAra IP 134. mULamAM paMkti spaSTa nathI (e ja, pR. 26). 135. karNa vAghelAno samaya I.1297-1304no che ane rA'mAMDalika pahelAno samaya I.1260thI 1306no che. Ama I. 1297-1304 vaccenA koI eka varSamAM pethaDazAha A saMgha kADhI saurASTranI yAtrAe gayo che. (e ja, pira, pR. 29) 136. A rAsamAM 'tamhacI, dIThallA, lAgallA, maMDiyale, baMdhIyale, vIyale, caDIyali' vagere A prakAranAM rUpa che. (e ja, pariziSTa, pR. 24-30) 137. 'nANa ma hoyahi guNanihANa guru-guNa gAes / pATa-ThavaNa jinakuzalasUri vara rAsa bhaNesu // 1 // ' ane aMte 'guNi goyama guru esu, sugraha je saMghugraha / amarAu2 tahi vAsu dhammiya dharmakalasu bhaNaU || 38 || (ai.jai.kA.saMgraha, pR.15) 138. navAMgavRttikAra abhayadeyasUrinA A samakAlIna hatA (e ja, pR. 15). 139. 'kutubuddIna suratANa rAu raMjau sa maNoharu / jagi payaDau jiNacaMdasUri sUrihiM siraseharu // 6 // ' (e ja, pR. 16) 140. rAsamAM batAvyA pramANe maMtrI devarAjanA putra jelsa ne enI patnI jayatazrInA A putra thAya (kaDI 17, 18; pR. 17) : terahasaha satahattarai kitra igArasi jiThTha | suravimANa kiri maMDiyau naMdibhuvaNi jiNi ddiDha || 19 || (ai.ai.kA.saMgraha. pR. 17) I.1321 (I.1377)nA jeTha vada agiyArasane divase. 141. e ja, pR. 15-19 142. 'ihu paya-ThayaNaha rAsu bhAva bhagati je nara diya hi /

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rAsa ane kSagu sAhitya 237 tAI hoI sivavAsa sAramutti muNi ima bhaNa | 29 (e ja, pR.23) 143. e ja, pR. 2023 144. lA. da. bhA. saM. vidyAmaMdiraH puNya. 8460nI prata 145. 'sulalita vANI ima bhaNai zrIsarvANaMdasUri // 1 // ' ane -bhaNati dharmavu nirmala vANIe zrIsarvANaMdasUri e // 135 146. jai.sA.saM.itihAsa, pR. 401 (pAdaTIpa 412) ane pR. 488 (khaMDa 709) 147. kavi graMthAraMbhe 'kacholImukhamaMDaNau pAsanAhu ura viSe dhareviSNu' ema maMgalamAM kabUlInA pArzvanAthanuM paNa smaraNa kare che. (prA.gU.kA.saMgraha, pR. 59). 148. jai.sA.saM.itihAsa, pR. 447 ane lA. da. bhA. saM. vidyAmaMdira naM. 4973 149. nIpanau nayira nAdaudra vaccharIe caUdda dahottarae / taMdulaveyAlIya sUtra mAjhilA e bhava amhi UdharyAM e / pUnima pakha-muNiMda sAlibhadra e sUrihiM nImIuM e / devacaMdra-uparodhi paMDava e rAsa rasAuluM e " (gurjara AsAvali, pR. 33 -34) 150. mULa Athaprata temaja enA uparathI 'gurjara rAsAvali'mAM chapAyelI vAcanAmAM sarvatra AMka nathI. gaNatarInI saraLatA khAtara meM saLaMga AMka karI lIdhA che. 151. aMbAne jatI karI hatI ane vidurano janma to dAsIthI thayo hato ane A traNa putro niyogathI vyAsathI thayA hatA. 152. gu.rAsavila. pR. 8-9 153. mahAbhAratanA kathAnakathI judo prakAra 154. kavi gAMdhArInAM tophAna kahe che : gabhu dharIu gabhu dharIu deva gaMdhAdira // duHtaNi Dohalau kuDa kalahi jaNa jhujha gajjaI / puruSasa gaivira caDai suhaDa jema mane samaruM sajjai // gAni rahaMtA baMdIpaNa pekhIu hirakhu karei / sAsu sasarA kuNaba-suM ahinisa kalahu karei // ' (e ja, pR. 9) enA putro kevA thaze enI A eka prakAranI AgAhI kahevI che. 155. ekalavya gurubhaktithI dhanurvidyA pAmyo evo nirdeza (e ja, pR. 11). 156. kavinuM jaina praNAlInuM A vidhAna che.

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238 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 157. kavi lagnasamayanuM TUMku paNa rocaka varNana Ape che, svabhAvoktinA prakAranuM: *lADIya-koTa kusumaha mAlA, lADIya-locana ati aNIyAlA / lADIya-nayaNe kAjala-reha sahiihaM lADaNa sovana-deha | kuMtI madrIya mAthaI mauDa dhanu paMDava-dupadi-joDa / paMcaI paMDava baiThA caurI, naravai AsA-taruru maoI " e ja, pR. 16) 158. mayadAnavane badale sabhA maNicUDa bAMdhe che e kathAphera dhyAnamAM levo. 159. mahAbhArata pramANe to A pUrve ja bhImane hAthe jarAsaMdhano vinAza karAvyo hato. 160. e ja, pR. 30 161. caudahase bArottara virase gomayagaNadhara kevala divase / khaMbhanayara prabhu-pAsa-pasAye, kiyo kavita u5gA252... // 56 // (rAsAnvayI. kavitA, pR. 144) 162. e ja, pR. 135 163. e ja, pR. 138 164. e ja, pR. 143 165.. 'ASADha panotarae tarasi pahilaI khi 1 tau naMdi viya A yiha bhuvaNi, sa lahIi nara lakhi ||14|| (ai.jai.kA.saMgraha, pR. 386) 166. 'suha guru guNa gAtaMtu sayala loya vaMchiye lahue / ramau Asu iha raMgi, jJAnalaza muni ima kahae // 37 ll" (e ja, pR. 389) 167. e ja, pR. 385 168. e ja, pR. 388-89 169. jugava2-siri jiNaudayasUri-guru-guNa gAes / pATamahocchavu Asu raMgi tasu hauM pabhaNesu || 1 (e ja, pR. 384) 170. tevizva (3. 56) - t dhAtune zu pratyaya thAya che. AvI vyutpattithI koI vizeSa artha sarato nathI. 171. zughdhaviddosa La vi kamapasAdAM viLa | dhanaalasamudapaloTTa tame 4 dhotraM oi dhugasi / / !! (bAhA sattasaI, 4- 69) 'vasaMtaRtunA utsavamAM karavAmAM AvatA kAdavanI nirdoSa sajAvaTa tArAM beu stanonA

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rAsa ane kSagu sAhitya 239 mukha uparathI jharatA pANIthI dhovAI gaI che tene tuM zA mATe dhoI rahI che?" 172. pU mahu....(6-82) TIkAmAM nyu vasantotsava: (pR. 243) DaoN. ha. cU. bhAyANIe prathama vAra dhyAna doryuM che. te pramANe 'sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa'mAM bhoje uddhRta karelAM be avataraNomAM khuccha (5-226, 5- 229) ane trIjAmAM zuda (5-304) maLe che. gucchaLa utsava, maha utsava. Ama A vasaMtotsava ja che (buddhiprakAza : varSa 115, pR.326). = 173. vasante vAsantIkusumasukumArairavayavairbhramantI kAntAre bahuvihitakRSNAnusaraNam / amandaM kandarpajvarajanitacintAkulatayA baladvAdhAM sarasamidamUce sahacarI / / 174. gu.madhya.rAja.itihAsa, pR. 486 175 are paNamavi sAmiu saMta ju, siva vAula upara hAru, are aNahilavADAmaMDaNau savvai tihuaNa-sArA' (prAcIna jJagu saMgraha, pR.231) cheka 16mI sadInA aMtano mAlavadevakRta 'sthUlibhadrAga' 'doharA'mAM ja che, paraMtu pratyeka kaDIne aMte lAlamohana mere nIDa vasajja evI dhruvAthI ene saMpUrNa geya baMdha banAvI levAmAM Avyo che. (e ja, pR. 137 vagere). 176. 'pahilauM sarasati aracakSu cisu vasaMtavilAsu / vINi dharaI kari hiNi vAhiNi hAMsalu jAsu || 1 || pachI lahiyAne doSe kvacit evuM paNa banyuM che ke viSama caraNamAM 13 mAtrAno TukaDo paNa lAge. vaLI 'vasaMtavilAsa'mAM AvI yatibhaMga batAvatI paMktio paNa sAMkaLIbaMdha sAcavavA prayojAyela jovA maLe che : bahin(e) ga(5)i himavaMti va_saMti li[5]u avatAra | 3 || tribhuvani jaya jayakAra pi-kArava karai apAra / dhanu dhanu te guNavaMtu va-saMtavilAsu ji gAI~ || 84 | phAga manamatha-mathana e jANIya ANIya mani abhimAna / ratipati rati pratid bolae bola e karI apamAna | 7 ||* AgamamANikyakRta 'jinahaMsagurunavaraMgAga'(16mI sadI)-prA. phA. saMgraha, pR.7 vagere. I. 1469 AsapAsanA 'sumatisuMdarasUriphAgu'mAM paNa IT mathALe AvA doharA prayojAyA che. aneka chaMdomAM 'phAgu'nI racanAno cotho prakAra khIlyo che temAM A rIta jovA maLe che. juo A upara have. 177. 178. 'AkhyAnayuga'mAM paNa A prakAra A ja rIte chUTo chavAyo kheDAyo che, jayavaMtasUrikRta 'sthUlibhadrakozA-premavilAsa phAga (I. 1558 AsapAsa), kamalazekharakRta

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240 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 dharmamUrtiguru rAsa' (16mI sadInA uttarArdha) vageremAM. 179. moDenI racanAomAM ajJAta kavinA 'copAI-phAgu (16mI sadImAM caraNAkula chaMda prayojAyo che, to doharA-copAI-caraNAkulavALI racanAo paNa maLe che. prA.phA.saMgraha mAM AvI kRtio sacavAyelI che. 180. AthI zrI kRSNanI paTarANIo sAthe neminAthanA vasaMtakhelanuM, rAjimatInI virahavyathAnuM, kozA gaNikAnA rUpazRMgAranuM ke jaMbusvAmInI krIDAonuM ke temanI patnIonA sauMdaryanuM varNana karyA pachI e sarvanuM paryAvasana saMbhoga-zRMgAramAM nahi, paNa saMsAratyAgamAM- "muktirANI sAthe vihAramAM thAya che. bho. je. sAMDesarA; prA.za.saMgraha, prastA. pR.62 181. vaddhAvaNauM karAvae sagnihi jiNasarasUri | gUjarAta pATaNa bhallauM sayalahaM nayara mAhi || 2 |' (prA.phA.saMgraha, pR.232) 182. e ja, pR. 231-32 183. e ja, pR. 1-2 184. e ja, pR. 3 185. A oLiyA uparathI ke. ha. dhruve A kAvyanuM saMpAdana karI sau prathama "zALApatra' (I. 1892)mAM pATha chapAvelo; enI puSpikA zrI zrImatRvimavi samayAtIta saMvat 1508 varSe mahAmAMgalya bhAdrapada zudi 5 gurau / aoha zrIgurjaradharitryAM mahArAjAdhirAja zrI ahimadazAha kutubadInasya vijayarAjye zrImadahammadAvAda vAstusthAne AcAryaratnAgareNa likhitoyaM vasaMtavilAsaH / 186. pahilauM sarasati aracisu racisu vasaMtavilAsu... || 1 |" 187. bhAratIya sAhitya, varSa 9 aMka 2, pR. 67 188. vasaMtavilAsanAM avataraNa ke. kA. zAstrInA saMpAdanamAMthI lIdhAM che. 189. prA.pha.saMgraha, pR. 8 190. e ja, pR. 9 191-192 e ja, pR. 21 193-194. e ja, pa- 13

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 241 195. e ja, pR. 15 196, e ja, pR. 16 197. e ja, pR. 18 198-199, e ja, pR. 19 200. e ja, pR. 25 201. e ja. pR. 26 202. e ja, pR. 30 203. e ja, pR. 37 : cauda batrIsaI saMvati, saMmati le guru pAsi | jIrAulipati gAIuM, chAIu jasa vAsi | 59 204. e ja, pR. 36 : virahiNI eka bhaNaI, sahi kahi kima AvaI nAhU .. mahu tava sItalu caMdana, caMda na pheDaI dAha I 48 || 205. kaDIo pa6 thI 28 206. saM.1437-I.1381nI hastapratamAMthI prA.phA.saMgraha, pR.38-4ramAM chapAyo che. 207. e ja, pR. 42H are samudharu bhaNaI sohAvaNau phAga khelaka savistAra.. | 8 |" 208. e ja. pR. 54 209-210 e ja, pR. 42 211. e ja, pR. 43 212. e ja, pR. 47 213 e `m 214. e ja, pR. 51 . 215. e ja, pR. 55

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242 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 216, e ja, pR. 56 217. ka. mA. munazIe A phAgune 'vasaMtavilAsanA kartAnI kRti tarIke gaNAvavAno prayatna karyo che. vasaMtavilAsa sAMkaLIbaMdhanA ja doharAnuM, bhASAsvarUpa vadhu jUnuM sAcavatuM sagu-kAvya che, jyAre A moDethI vikaselA phAguonA prakAranuM chaMdonA mizraNavALuM kAvya che. zrI munazIe narasiMhayuganA kaviovALA lekhamAM je avataraNo ApyAM che teja atyAre ApaNI pAse che (Arbasa gujarAtI saimAsika, varSa 1, aMka 4, pR432-37). 218. e ja. pR435 219 e ja, pR 437 220 gurjara rasAvali, pR. 68 221. e ja, pR. 70 222. e ja, pR. 72 223. prAcIna zagu saMgraha pR. 38 224. e ja, pR. 242-243 225. zarmAmRtam, pR. 15 : 'ratipati nau avatAra... rUpi rati navI e. pa 226. e ja, pR. 17 227. e ja, pR. 20 228. e ja, pR. 21 229, jainAcArya zrI AtmAnaMda janmazatAbdI smAraka graMtha-gujarAtI vibhAga, pR.465 mAM pR. 49-60 upara mudrita 230. juo A zloka : vRtyAH pallavitA latA: kusumitA bhuMgA suraMgA vane sAraM gAyati kokilA kalaravairvApIjalaM maMjulam / evaM mitravasantadattasakalaprANo'pi sainyaiH svakai - maine durnayameva manathaTo yo nIzvara manam rU5 II (e ja. pR. 53) 'vanamAM vRkSomAM navA aMkura phUTyA che. velIomAM phUlo AvyAM che, mUMgo raMgAI

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rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya 243 gayA che (parAgathI), kokilA kalaravathI acchuM gAna karI rahI che, vAvaDIonuM pANI. suMdara che Ama mitra vasaMte badhI ja zakti pUrI pADI che ema chatAM potAnA sainyonI madadathI yogIzvara neminAtha upara vijaya meLavavAnuM kAmadeve muzkela mAnyuM.' - 231. arvAcIna lakSyAya rakSAya puritajIve / cidAnaMdasvarUpAya paramabrahmaNe namaH ||2 | | paramabrahmasvarUpa, japaU surAsura bhUpa, avigata avicalu e, nirUpama niramalu e, ajara amara anaMta, bhavabhaMjana bhagavaMta, janamanaraMjana e, namauM niraMjana e. 6' (e ja, pR. 49) 232. iNi nani hira ANaMdIalA Rtu vasaMta avasa2 AIlA, vAIlA dakSiNA vAyu A pachI - kaDIne aMte mAlA kusuma-cI hAthi' prayoga paNa dhyAnamAM levA jevo. 233. e ja, pR. 57-58 234.ti zrIsurAmiSo nemiSThAna: saMpUrNa: saM.1502 varSe to dhanavevaLinA / (prAcIna Agu saMgraha, pR. 67) 235-236. e ja, pR. 57 237-238. e ja, pR. 58 239. e ja, pR. 59 240. e ja, pR. 60 241. e ja, pR. 61 242. e ja, pR. 66 243. e ja, pR. 65 244-245. e ja, pR. 66 246. jaina aiti. gUrjara kAvyasaMcaya, pR. 150 247. e ja, pR. 151 A sthaLano saM. zloka sumadhura che : * cApaM puSpamayaM zarAnalimayAn kRtvA ca sainyaM strIyo dUtaM dakSiNamArutaM madhumatho mitraM vidhuM sainyapam /

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244 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 uccaiH kokilanAdavAdyanivahaH kAmo'yamAmohayan vizvaM vizvamado madoddhuratara: sajjo'bhavad digjaye / / 39 / / 248. prA.v.kA.saMgraha, pR. 8-10 249. je.pU.kAvya, bhA. 1, pR. 5 250. prA.gu.kA.saMgraha, pR. 11 251. ai.je.kA.saMgraha, pR. 39-40 252. e ja, pR. 42 253. ai.je.kA.saMgraha, pR. 29 vagere 254. je.ai.gu.kAvyasaMcaya, pR. 226 255. ai.je.kA.saMgraha, pR. 398-99 256. paMdaramA zatakanAM prAcIna gurjara kAvya 257. gu. vidyAsabhA, ha. li. pu. saM. naM. 738 258. ra/ gaura rApharvathI vitA, pR. 243-48 259. sva. ke. ha. dhruve sudhArI kADhelA pAThone dhyAnamAM na laI emaNe hAthapratanA mULa ' pAThanAM asala pratIko pAdaTIpamAM ApyAM hoI eono upayoga karyo che ke jethI pratanI bhASAno khyAla Ave. 260. prA.gU.kA.saMgraha, pR.71-74 26 1. apabhraMzakAvyatrayI 26 2. ApaNA kavio, pR. 107 263. ai.je.kA.saMgraha, pR. 6 ane 4 ra64. e ja, pR. 14

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7 laukika kathA Adi bhogIlAla sAMDesarA 1 laukika kathAo lokasAhitya ane ziSTa sAhityane bahu nikaTano saMbaMdha che. lokasaMgIta jema ziSTa saMgItakalAnA mULamAM raheluM che, lokanRtya jema ziSTa nRtyakalAnA vikAsanuM upAdAna temaja nimitta kAraNa che, ane lokanATya jema nATyakalA ane nATyazAstranA vikAsa ane pracAramAM preraNArUpa baneluM che, tema sAhityakalAne vize paNa ema kahI zakAya. lokasAhitye ziSTa sAhityane preryuM che tathA ene sAmagrI pUrI pADI che. lokasAhitya ane lokasaMskRtinAM vikAsa ane parimArjana vinA ziSTa sAhitya tarIke oLakhAtA jUnAsAhityanA keTalAye prakAronuM sarjana kalpI zakAtuM nathI. pachI evoye samaya Ave ke jyAre lokasAhitya ane ziSTa sAhityanA be samAntara mahApravAho, parasparanA jhAjhA saMparkamAM AvyA vinA, vahe ane puSTa bane. paNa kAlAnukramamAM joIe to, lokasAhitya paheluM ane ziSTa sAhitya pachI. samasta sudharelA jagatanA sAhitya upara najara karatAM jaNAze ke prAcInatama ziSTa sAhityamAM te te dezanA lokasAhityano arthAt paraMparAgata purANakathAo, anuzrutio, vIragAthAo, dharmakathAo, dRSTAMtakathAo, lokakathAo, gItakathAo, bALavArtA Adino saMgraha ane saMcaya thayo che. ApaNA dezamAM rAmAyaNa' ane mahAbhArata' tathA pazcimamAM 'iliyaDa' ane 'oDisI' A vAtanAM sabaLa udAharaNarUpa che. bahujanasamAjamAM udbhavelI bhAratIya lokavArtAo vividha prakAranAM rUpAntaro pAmI saMskRta ane prAkRta jevI praziSTa bhASAomAM gaI ane tyAMthI pAchI navya bhAratIya bhASAonAM jUnAM svarUpomAM sAhityika rUpa dhAraNa karIne AvI. bIjI bAju e ja vArtAonAM vividha rUpAntaro lokamukhe to pracalita rahyAM. bhAratIya sAhityamAM, I.nI pahelI sadI AsapAsa thaI gayelA guNAtmya kavinI paizAcI prAkRtamAM racAyelI lupta 'bRhatkathA' kevaLa AnaMdalakSI sAMsArika vArtAono

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246 - gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 mahAna samuccaya hato. 'paMcataMtra' ane enI vividha pAThaparaMparAomAM lokakathAono upayoga dunvayI DahApaNa ane rAjanItinA siddhAMto zIkhavavA mATe karelo che, jyAre 'jAtaka'mAM bauddha, avadAnomAM ane prAcIna jaina sAhityamAM maLatI puSkaLa vArtAo, kharuM jotAM, dharmakathAnuM svarUpa pAmelI lokakathAo ja che. guNAtmya kavinI 'bRhatkathA' e mAtra bhAratIya sAhityano ja nahi, paNa kadAca vizvasAhityano prAcInatama kathAratnAkAra gaNAya. guNADhya kavi pratiSThAnanA sAtavAhana athavA zAlivAhana rAjAnA darabAramAM hato. eka lAkha zloka pramANano A virATa kathAgraMtha ApaNA dezanI lokakathAono bRhattama saMgraha hoI bhAratIya sAhityamAM khUba lokapriya hato, ane 'rAmAyaNa' ane 'mahAbhArata' jevI, balake prastuta kSetramAM e karatAMye kaMIka adakI evI, enI pratiSThA hatI. saMskRtanAM saMkhyAbaMdha suprasiddha kAvyanATako ane kathAgranthonuM vastu 'bRhatkathA'mAMthI athavA enAM saMskRta rUpAntaromAMthI levAyeluM che ane emAMnI kathAonuM sAtatya prAdezika bhASAomAM racAyelA sAhitya sudhI barAbara raheluM che. koI dharmagraMtha sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya evAM Adara ane lokapriyatA 'bRhatkathAe prApta karyAM hatAM; aneka vikhyAta saMskRta ane prAkRta kavioe potAnI racanAomAM 'bRhatkathA' ane enA kartA vize sabahumAna ullekho karelA che. 'bRhatkathA'nA nAyaka naravAhanadattanA pitA vatsarAja udayananI kathAmAM nipuNa evA avaMtijanapadavAsI grAmavRddhono ullekha mahAkavi kAlidAse "meghadUta'mAM karyo che. A uparAMta 'harSacarita'no kartA bANa, 'vAsavadattA'kAra subaMdhu, 'kAvyAdarza'no kartA daMDI, prAkRta mahAkathA 'kuvalayamAlA'nA kartA udyotanasUri, dazarUpaka'no kartA ane mAlavapati muMjano sabhAsada dhanaMjaya temaja eno bhAI tathA TIkAkAra dhanika, 'udayasundarIkathA'no kartA kAyastha soDhala, 'kAvyAnuzAsana'kAra kalikAlasarvajJa hemacandra, 'AryAsaptazatI'kAra govardhana, 'surathotsava' mahAkAvyano kartA tathA gujarAtanA maMtrI vastupALano mitra somezvara - AvA aneka pratiSThita graMthakAroe paizAcI prAkRta jevI halakI gaNAyelI lokabhASAmAM racAyela 'bRhatkathA' ane enA kartA guNAcane aMjalio samarpI che. 'bRhatkathA'nI khyAti bhAratavarSanI bahAra paNa hatI. navamI sadInA, kaMboDiyAnA eka zilAlekhamAM guNADhya kavine mAnAMjali apAyelI che. ApaNA dezanA prAcIna sAhityamAM aneka vAra evuM banyuM che ke koI prasiddha prAkRta graMthanA saMskRtamAM sArodvAra ane saMkSepa taiyAra thAya eTale mULa graMtha kramazaH ajANyo bane ane lupta thaI jAya. bRhatkathA' vize paNa ema thayuM jaNAya che. enA saMskRta saMkSepomAM budhasvAmI-kRta apUrNa bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha'(I.no pAMcamo

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laukika kathA Adi 247 chaThTho seko), somadevakRta kathAsaritsAgara' ane megnakRta bRhatkathAmaMjarI (baMne I.no agiyAramo saiko) e traNa racanAo che. e paikI somadevakRta "kathAsaritsAgarano vistAra lagabhaga vAlmIkinA 'rAmAyaNa' jeTalo hoI enA uparathI mULa graMthanI iyattAnI kaMIka kalpanA Avaze. vAcaka saMghadAsagaNita "vasudeva-hiMDo' e pAMcamAM saikA AsapAsa bRhatkathAnuM prAkRta gadyamAM thayeluM jaina rUpAntara che. mULa bRhatkathAmAM vatsarAja udayananA putra naravAhanadattanAM anekavidha paribhramaNo-parAkramo tathA aneka vidyAdhara ane mAnavakanyAo sAthe enAM pANigrahaNa varNavelAM che ane kathAnA A mukhya kalevaramAM seMkaDo nAnAMmoTAM vArtAcakro ane ADakathAo Ave che. siMhAsanabatrIsI' ane vetAlapacIsI'nAM vArtAcakro sau pahelAM emAM maLe che. paMcataMtranI vArtAono samAveza paNa enI amuka pAThaparaMparAmAM hato. mugdhakathAo' - aDavAnI vAto paNa emAM hatI. ema kahI zakAya ke lokavArtAonA A samUhane samAvavA mATe kartAe naravAhanadattanI mukhya kathAno upayoga karyo che. A racanAnuM jaina rUpAMtara te "vasudeva-hiMDI', "vasudeva-hiMDI" eTale "vasudevanuM paribhramaNa'. jene purANakathA pramANe, zrIkRSNanA pitA vasudeva potAnI yuvAvasthAmAM gRhatyAga karIne nIkaLyA hatA ane varSonA paribhramaNa daramiyAna emaNe aneka mAnava ane vidyAdhara kanyAo sAthe lagna karyAM hatAM tathA aneka prakAranAM parAkramo karatAM jagatanA kaDavA-mIThA anubhavo lIdhA hatA. eno vRttAMta e "vasudeva-hiMDI'nA kathAbhAganuM mukhya kalevara che, paNa jyAM jyAM taka maLI tyAM tyAM kartAe aneka dharmakathAo, lokakathAo ane vAdasthalo temaja tIrthakaro tathA sAdhuo ane dhArmika puruSonAM caritro tathA 'kathAnuyogamAM samAveza pAmatI bIjI aneka vAtonuM nirUpaNa karIne "vasudeva-hiMDI' graMthane eka mahAkAya dharmakathArUpe rajU karyo che. "bRhatkathAnA nAyaka naravAhanadattane sthAne jaina lekhake zrIkRSNanA pitA vasudevane mUkyA che ane bIjAM keTalAMka parivartano karIne mULanI zRMgArakathAne dharmakathAnuM svarUpa ApavAno prayAsa karyo che. (..siM!IRAvavaseLa thaH veva parima | - "vasudeva-hiMDIno apragaTa madhyama khaMDa).chatAM TheTha pAMcamI sadI jeTalA prAcIna kALamAM temaja prAkRta bhASAmAM enI racanA thayelI hoI, mULa "bRhatkathAnI lAkSaNikatA temaja guNAtyanI kAvyazaktinuM vadhAre spaSTa jIvaMta ane pratItijanaka citra rajU kare che, ema kathAsaritsAgara' ane "bRhatkathAmaMjarI" jevA pachInA kALanA saMskRta saMkSepo sAthe "vasudeva-hiMDInI tulanA karatAM lAge che. praziSTa saMskRta sAhityamAM joIe to, rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata ane anya purANAdine AdhAre thayelI racanAonI tulanAe lokavArtAne vastu tarIke laIne

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248 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 grathita thayelI kRtionuM pramANa kaMI ochuM nathI. prAkRta sAhityamAM paNa kevaLa dhArmika kRtione bAda karIe to, bAkInI racanAomAM vArtAonuM pramANa ThIkaThIka che. dhArmika kRtiomAM paNa, kathAgraMtho ane upadezagraMthomAMnI dantakathAo vastutaH lokavArtAonuM uddezapradhAna svarUpa ja che. saMskRta ane tadurthI lokabhASAonI anekAneka anuvAdAtmaka racanAo dvArA lupta "bRhatkathA' paNa bhAratIya sAhityamAM Aja sudhI jIvaMta rahI che. kevaLa udAharaNarUpe ja thoDAka nirdezo karIe to, "svapnavAsavadatta', 'pratijJAyaugandarAyaNa' ane "cArudatta' e bhAsa kavinAM nATako bRhatkathAmAM saMkalita thayelI anukRtione AdhAre racAyAM che. zUdrakanA vikhyAta nATaka 'mRcchakaTika'nI racanAmAM bhAsanA nATaka cArudattano AdhAra levAyo che e jANItuM che. cakravartI kavi harSanuM nATaka "nAgAnanda', jemAM vidyAdhara jImUtavAhana prANArpaNa karIne paNa garuDa pAse nAga lokone abhaya apAve che, enuM vastu bRhatkathAmAMthI levAyuM che. bhavabhUtinA 'mAlatImAdhava' nATakanuM vastu paNa lokakathA ja che. bhANa prahasana Adi rUpakonuM mULa lokanATyamAM hoya ema spaSTa jaNAya che. saMskRta gadyakathAomAM bANanI 'kAdaMbarI' ane ThaMDInuM 'dazakumAracarita' e lokavArtA ke lokavArtAonA samuccayo che. subaMdhukRta "vAsavadattA', vAdIbhasiMhakRta 'gadyaciMtAmaNi,' harizcaMdrakRta 'jIvandharacaMpU' AdimAM samagra vastu bRhatkathAnuM che. soDhalakRta 'udayasundarIkathA', dhanapAlakRta " tilakamaMjarI' Adi keTalIye evI kathAo che ke je gadyakAvyo hovA uparAMta lokavArtAnA prAcIna sAhityanA parizIlana mATe upayogI che. gujarAtamAM madhyakALamAM racAyelA saMskRta prabandho - prabaMdhacintAmaNi, prabandhakoza', purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha', 'prabandhapaMcazatI', 'upadezataraMgiNI,' kumArapALa ane vastupALanAM aneka caritro tathA e prakAranI bIjI bahusaMkhya racanAo - aitihAsika anuzruti ane laukika kathAonI rasaprada saMsRSTi rajU kare che. 'siMhAsanabatrIsI,' vetAlapacIsI', "paMcadaMDa' Adi vikrama-viSayaka vArtAcakro uparAMta "zukasaptati' (sukasittarI, sUDAbahoterI), mAdhavAnalakAmakaMdalA', "naMdacaritra' (naMdabatrIsI), 'sadavatsakathA (sadevaMta-sAvaliMgA), 'ArAmazobhA' Adi kathAonI saMskRtamAM racanA paNa gujarAta ane rAjasthAnamAM thaI che. "vinodakathAsaMgrahamAM hAsyarasanA lokapracalita TucakAone saMskRta rUpamAM saMgharyA che ane bhaTakatAtrizikAmAM koI ajJAtanAmAM lekhake ajJAna bAvAonI mUrkhatAnI ramUjI vAto ekatra karI che. Ama lagabhaga badhA kathAviSayo upara gujarAtImAM paNa racanAo thaI che, ane keTalAka dAkhalAomAM te te viSayanI saMskRta racanAo karatAM gujarAtI

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laukika kathA Adi 249 racanAo AnupUrvInI dRSTie jUnI che. sAhityanA pravAho tathA e pravAhone pravartAvanAra baLonI dRSTie A saMskRta temaja gujarAtI racanAone eka ja koTinI gaNavI joIe, kemake bhASAnA AvaraNane bAda karatAM e bhASAbheda paNa pramANamAM gauNa che, kema ke laukika kathAo varNavatI ApaNA dezanI saMskRta racanAo paNa lokabhASAnA zabdaprayogo ane rUDhiprayogothI taraboLa che) e racanAonuM aMtastattva sarva rIte samAna che. Ama chatAM gujarAtI sAhityanA itihAsa vizenA A graMthamAM, gauNamukhya bhAvathI jotAM temaja viSayanirUpaNanI anukULatAnI dRSTie gujarAtI bhASAnI kRtione kendramAM rAkhIne ApaNe avalokana karIzuM. bahujanasamAjamAMthI lokavArtAo saMskRta ane prAkRta jevI praziSTa bhASAonA graMthomAM gaI ane tyAMthI pAchI lokabhASAomAM sAhityika rUpe AvI, jene laukika kathA ke padya-vAratA rUpe oLakhIe chIe. avikala rUpe upalabdha kathAonI vAta karIe to, gujarAtImAM "haMsAulikAra asAIta ane "sadayavatsakathAkAra bhImathI mAMDI nidAna zAmaLa bhaTTa sudhI A sAhityaparaMparA sabaLa rIte cAlu rahI che. asAItathI zAmaLa sudhInAM Azare cAraso-savA cAraso varSamAM vikrama, naMda, mAdhavAnala, sadayavatsa, caMdanamalayAgiri vagere lokaprasiddha pAtro uparAMta bIjI aneka laukika kathAo vize ekathI vadhAre gujarAtI lekhakoe racanA karI che. e racanAonI saMkhyA eTalI moTI che ke te te viSayanI saMskRta racanAonAM nirdeza sAthenI enI vyavasthita yAdInuM paNa eka nAnuM pustaka thAya. eka ja kathAvastu paratve judAjudA kavionI racanAmAM samayAnusAra, prasaMgAnusAra, dharmAnusAra vividha pheraphAro mAluma paDe che. koI vAra purogAmIonI sabaLa asara pachInA lekhako upara paDelI jaNAya che. kartA jaina hoya ke vaidika e potAnA mata pramANe, vRddhamAnya vArtAonA koI prasaMga vadhArI-ghaTADI ISTa siddhAMtanuM pratipAdana kare che athavA vastusaMkalanAmAM tadanusAra parivartana kare che. kvacit ekanI eka vArtA kazA khAsa pheraphAra vinA aneka lekhakonI kRtiomAM nirUpAya che. lokamukhe to A badhI vArtAonAM vividha svarUpo Aja sudhI pracalita che. laukika kathAnA be pravAho Ama ziSTa sAhityamAM sAthosAtha vahetA rahyA che ane parasparane prabhAvita karatA rahyA che. I.1150 thI 1450 sudhIno kAlakhaMDa e, sAmAnyataH joIe to, AcArya hemacaMdranA samayathI mAMDI narasiMha mahetAnI kAvya-racanApravRtti zarU thaI enA kiMcita pUrvakALa sudhIno yuga che. khAsa karIne jaina jJAnabhaMDAro vaDe thayelAM sAhityasaMgopanane kAraNe bIjI koI paNa navya bhAratIya AryabhASAnI tulanAe gujarAtInuM prAraMbhika sAhitya vizeSa pramANamAM sacavAyuM che ane padyamAM temaja gadyamAM sAhityanA vividha prakAronA namUnA ATalA jUnA samayamAM paNa ApaNane maLyA che, joke emAM laukika

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250 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 kathAonI saMkhyA alpa che. eno artha eTalo ja che ke A prakAranI kathAo paNa racAI haze, paNa e pUratA pramANamAM Aja sudhI sacavAI nathI. hemacaMdrakRta 'siddhahema' vyAkaraNanA AThamA adhyAyanA apabhraMza bhAgamAM kartAe potAnA samayanA tema e pUrvenA lokasAhitya temaja ziSTasAhityamAMthI ane pracalita subhASitomAMthI aneka avataraNa TAMkyAM che, emAMthI nIcenAM be juo : rakSai sAvisa-hAriNI bekara cuMbiti jIu, paDibiMbia-muMjA javu jehiM aDohiu pIu. bAha vichoDavi jAhi tuhuM hauM teGi ko dosu, hiaya-dvi jaI nIsarahi jANa muMja sarosu. sUtra 439) A duhA koI kathA-kAvyamAMthI uddhRta karavAmAM AvyA che e spaSTa che. emAM nAyaka muMja che. mALavAno prasiddha vidyAvilAsI rAjA muMja te ja A hoya e asaMbhavita nathI. hemacaMdranA laghuvayaska samakAlIna somaprabhasUrie prAkRtamAM racela 'kumArapAlapratibodha' (I.1185)mAM keTaloka bhAga apabhraMzamAM che ane emAM keTalIka laukika kathAo che. merUtuMgAcAryakRta 'prabandhacintAmaNi'(I.1305), rAjazekharasUrikRta 'prabandhakoza' (I.1349) Adi aneka prabaMdhomAM saMskRta vRttAntakathananI vaccevacce uttarakAlIna apabhraMza ke jUnI gujarAtImAM aneka duhAo verAyelA che te paNa vividha laukika kathAo, gItakathAo ke kathAkAvyono pracAra siddha kare che. e uparathI e paNa puravAra thAya che ke bAramI, teramI ane caudamI sadImAM A pradezanI bhASAnuM sAhitya suvikasita hatuM ane aneka lokaprasiddha pAtrone lagatAM kathAnako, vArtAo ane duhA samAjamAM pracalita hatA. A kALakhaMDamAM racAyelI saLaMga laukika kathAo alpa pramANamAM bacI che, paNa enA vikasita sAhityasvarUpa uparathI spaSTa che ke prAkRta ane apabhraMzanI A prakAranI sAhityaparaMparAno pUro lAbha A kRtione maLyo che. arthAt A sAhityasvarUpa upalabdha kRtionI racanA pUrve lAMbA samayathI kheDAtuM hovuM joIe. jaina kavi vijyabhadre racelI haMsarAja-vaccharAja copAI' (I.1355) saLaMgarUpe upalabdha sauthI jUnI laukika kathA che, paNa e haju apragaTa hoI enI samAlocanA zakya nathI. e pachI TUMka samayamAM racAyelI asAItakRta 'haMsAuli'(I.1371)nuM kathAvastu vijyabhadranI kRtithI abhinna hoya evuM anumAna thAya che. pracalita anuzruti pramANe, asAItanuM mULa vatana siddhapura hatuM ane enA pitAnuM nAma rAjArAma ThAkara hatuM. e yajurvedI bhAradvAja gotrano audIcya brAhmaNa hato. pAsenA UMjhA gAmano hemALA nAme pATIdAra asAItanA ziSya jevo hato. enI khUbasUrata putrI gaMgAne eka muslima saradAra pAsethI bacAvavAnA prayatnamAM e potAnI putrI che ema puravAra

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laukika kathA Adi 251 karavA mATe asAIte enI sAthe bhojana karyuM ane pariNAme e jJAtibahiSkRta thayo ane UMjhAmAM hemALA paTelanA Azraye AvI eNe nivAsa karyo. tyAM rahI asAIte bhavAInA traNaso sATha veza lakhyA ema kahevAya che. (atyAre paNa bhavAInA keTalAka vezomAM 'asAIta ThAkara'nuM nAma Ave che.) A vaMzajo te bhavAInA vezo bhajavanAra, abhinayakalAnipuNa taragALA ema manAya che. asAIkRta 'haMsAuli'1 cAra khaMDamAM 470 kaDImAM vaheMcAyelI che. (I.nI 17mI sadImAM khaMbhAtanA kavi zivadAse A ja viSaya upara 'haMsAcArakhaMDI' nAme oLakhAtI kRti racI che.) vijayabhadra ane asAIta baMnenI kRtio laukika kathAo mATe parApUrvathI prayojita mAtrAmeLa chaMdomAM racAI che. vizeSa e ke asAItanI 'haMsAuli'mAM nAyikAnA mukhamAM dezI rAgamAM racAyelAM traNa gIto prasaMgopAtta mukAyAM che. kathAprasaMgo adbhutarasapradhAna hoI AkarSaka che, paNa kAvyarasanI dRSTie 'haMsAuli' sAdhAraNa che. kRtino sAra saMkSepamAM joIe H zaMbhu zaktine, vighnahara gaNezane, kAzmIramukhamaMDanI sarasvatIne tathA vedavyAsa ane vAlmIkine praNAma karIne asAIta kahe che ke huM vIrakathA varNavIza. paiThaNa nagaramAM zAlivAhanano putra naravAhana rAjA hato. eno nAno bhAI zaktikumA2 hato. eka vAra rAjAe svapnamAM kanakApura pATaNanA rAjA kanakabhramanI kuMvarI haMsAuli sAthe lagna karyuM. e samaye rAjakAja aMge pradhAna manakesare ene gADyo. rAjA krodhAyamAna thaI pradhAnane mAravA taiyAra thayo tyAre pradhAne kahyuM ke eka mAsamAM tamane e kanyA paraNAvIza.' maMtrIe pachI sadAvrata mAMDyAM ane paradezI atithione emAM jamADavA mAMDaDyA. eka atithie kahyuM ke "samudranI pele pAra kanakApura pATaNa che, tyAMnA rAjA kanakabhramanI putrI haMsAuli ghaNI sundara che.' pachI 'desAura maMtrI' (paradezamaMtrI?)ne sAthe laI manakesara rAjadvAramAM gayo, rAjAe potAnA bhAI zaktikumArane gAdIe besADyo, ane traNe tyAMthI nIkaLyA. kanakApura pahoMcI tyAM mAlaNane ghera UtaryA. tyAM emaNe jANyuM ke haMsAuli puruSa-ndreSiNI che ane amuka divasoe zaktimaThamAM devInuM darzana karavA jAya che tyAre puruSano saMhAra kare che. pachI haMsAuli devInA darzane gaI tyAre mUrtinI pAchaLa UbhA rahI manakesare ene narahatyA karavA badala Thapako Apyo. haMsAulie puruSandreSiNI thavAnuM kAraNa ApyuM. pUrvabhavamAM pote paMkhiNI hatI, potAne ane baccAMne baLatAM mUkIne pati cAlyo gayo hato ene kAraNe dveSa utpanna thayo. maMtrInI caturAIthI devI prasanna thaI, ane maMtrIe enI pAsethI citravidyA mAgI. pachI e citrakArano dhaMdho karavA mAMDyo. enI kIrti sAMbhaLI haMsAulie ene bolAvyo. maMtrIe citra karIne batAvyuM

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252 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 ke paMkhiNIno pati nAsI gayo nahoto, paNa pANI levA gayo hato ane potAnA kuTuMbane baLatuM joI pote paNa davamAM baLI maryo hato. A joI haMsAuline pastAvo thayo. citArAe kahAvyuM ke e paMkhI naravAhanarUpe janmyo che. AthI haMsAuli naravAhanamAM Asakta thaI ane eka mAsa pachI svayaMvaramAM naravAhanane varI." haMsAuline be baLavAna putra janmyA : haMsa ane vatsa. emanA pratye kAmAtura thayelI emanI aparamAtA rANI lIlAvatIe, potAno hetu siddha nahi thatAM, rAjA pAse emane dehAntadaMDano Adeza karAvyo. paNa maMtrI manakesare rAjakumArone bacAvyA. vanamAM emane jIvatA choDyA ane emane badale haraNanI AMkho lAvIne rAjAne batAvI. A tarapha vanamAM sarpadaMza thatAM haMsanuM maraNa thayuM. eka sarovarataTe vaDanA jhADa upara haMsanuM zaba bAMdhIne vatsa potAnA kAntinagaramAM caMdanakASTha levA gayo. e samaye tyAM garuDa pANI pIvA AvyuM. enI pAMkhanA pavanathI haMsanuM jhera UtaryuM ane baMdha choDIne e jhADa uparathI nIce Utaryo." bIjI bAju, vatsarAja nagaramAM eka vepArIne tyAM be ghoDA ane bAra ratnanI thApaNa mUkIne tathA caMdanakASTha laIne pAcho Avyo, paNa haMsane eNe na joyo. zabane koI pazu laI gayuM haze evo tarka karyo, paNa tyAM to haMsanAM pagalAM joI Azcarya pAmyo. pAcho nagaramAM AvI eNe vepArI pAse potAnI thApaNa mAgI tyAre vepArIe corInuM ALa caDAvyuM. vatsanA vadhanI AjJA thaI, paNa talAranagararakSakanI patnIe ene nirdoSa jANIne bacAvyo ane dharmaputra karIne rAkho. haMsa paNa e ja nagaramAM AvI kalhaNa nAmanA kabADIne tyAM Azrita rahyo hato.' have, pelA luccA vepArInuM vahANa paradeza javA sajja thayuM, paNa baMdaramAMthI UpaDe ja nahi. jozIe kahyuM, "thApaNamoSanuM A pariNAma che; koI batrIso Ave to UpaDe.' zeTha badhuM samajI gayo. rAjAne vinaMtI karI, talAranA dharmaputrane vatsane) sAthe vahANamAM mokalyo. vahANa pravAsa karatuM sanakAvatI nagarImAM AvyuM. tyAMnI rAjaputrI citralekhA vatsane joI moha pAmI. mAtApitAne kahI eNe svayaMvara karAvyo ane vatsa sAthe e paraNI. paNa vahANavaTI zAhukAranA putre kahyuM ke "A to amAro azvapAla che.' AthI rAjA krodhAyamAna thayo, vatsane mAravAne rAjAe ghaNA prayatna karyA, paNa dara vakhate eno camatkArika bacAva thatAM rAjA Azcarya pAmyo. chevaTe citralekhAnA AgrahathI varse potAnI sAcI oLakhANa ApI baMdhuvirahanuM duHkha pragaTa karyuM. | vahANavaTInA putra puSpadaMtanA kahevAthI pachI badhAM samudramArge kAntinagarI javA nIkaLyAM. vatsane khAsa to potAnA bhAI haMsane maLavAnI IcchA hatI. (A bAju, kAntinagarano rAjA aputra maraNa pAmatAM hAthaNIe haMsa upara kaLaza DhoLyo hato.

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laukika kathA Adi 253 ane e rAjA thayo hato.) mArgamAM puSpadaMte vatsane samudramAM pheMkI dIdho ane citralekhA pAse lagnanI mAgaNI karI. chaeka mAsa zoka na pALIe to pahelo pati preta thaIne pIDa kare' ema kahI citralekhAe puSpadaMtane dhIraja rAkhavA samajAvyo. bIjI tarapha, samudramAM pheMkAyelo vatsa samudrakinAre kAntinagaramAM UtarI eka vADImAM jaI sUI rahyo. enA AgamanathI badhAM vRkSo khIlI UThyAM. mAlaNe e joyuM ane ene lAgyuM ke A koI sAmAnya puruSa nathI. kuMvara jAgyo, ane mAlaNa, jeno pati ane pAMca putro maraNa pAmyA hatA te, ene dharmaputra karIne potAne ghera laI gaI, paNa vatsane haMsano ane patnIno ema be viraha pIDatA hatA. thoDA divasamAM samudramAMthI vahANa AvyAnI vadhAmaNI AvI ane puSpadaMta rAjakumArIne paraNIne Avyo che evI saMbhaLAI. vatse mAlaNane kahyuM ke emane tyAM roja hAjarI Apajo.' citralekhAnA dehapramANa kusumanA vividha alaMkAro taiyAra karIne e mAlaNa mA2phata mokalavA lAgyo. alaMkAromAM marmapUrvaka eNe potAnuM nAma lakhyuM e joIne citralekhA camatkRta thaI ane AghAtathI mUrchA pAmI. bhAnamAM AvI eNe pUchyuM : "A puSpa koNe gUMthyAM che?" mAlaNe kahyuM : 'mArA putre.' citralekhA samajI gaI. pAnanA bIDAmAM eNe patra mokalyo : he svAmI, huM akhaMDazIlavatI chuM.' A tarapha kAntinaga2mAM haMsarAje paDo pheravyo ke baMdhu vatsarAjanI je khabara Ape tene ardhuM rAjya ApuM.' citralekhAe paDo aTakAvyo, mahAjana samakSa badho vRtAnta kahyo, ane aneka saMkaTo veThyA pachI mAlaNane ghe2 vatsarAja vidyamAna che e jaNAvyuM. haMsarAja tyAM jaI potAnA bAMdhavane maLyo ane eNe AjJA karI : aparAdhI zeThane sakuTuMba zULIe caDAvo', paNa vatsarAje potAnA karmane doSa daI taraNA upara kuhADo mAravAnI nA kahI. haMsarAje vI2nuM vacana lopyuM nahi, ane baMne bhAIo sakala sainya sahita pratiSThAnapura-paiThaNa gayA, tyAM mAtApitA ane parivArane maLyA. nagaramAM AnaMdaAnaMda thaI rahyo. haMsarAja kAntinagarIno rAjA thayo ane vatsarAja pratiSThAnamAM rahyo. aMtamAM, asAIta kahe che ke sakala lokaraMjanI ane kaliyugamAM ubhayalokapAvanI A kathA vAMcatAM doSa-dAritrya TaLe che ane nave nidhi AMgaNamAM Ave che.' 'haMsAula'mAM nAyikAnA mukhamAM mukAyelAM traNa gItono nirdeza agAu karyo che. pUrvabhavamAM paMkhI patine yAda karI nAyikA vilApa kare che e prasaMganuM gIta (khaMDa 1, kaDI 79-82) AkarSaka che : rAjakuMrahIaDu haNi : pUrava prema-prasaMga, Agi dAvAnala dahi, valI duSa dAjha aMga. [deSI] popaTa paMSIA, navalane naranAtha;

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254 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 jima vani bhUli haraNalI, tima huM sAmI sAtha. popaTa kilakilatI vana vicaratI, belI vara vIsAsa, sadhi sAmI sAhasa kIla : huM ekalI nirAsa. popaTa bhaNi asAIta bhava-aMtari samari sAmaNi kaMta, haMsAuli dharatI DhalI, prIla prIu muSi bhaNaMta. popaTa kathA-kAvyomAM vaccevacce karuNa ane vIrarasanAM gIto mUkavAno praghAta jUnA gujarAtI sAhityamAM vyApaka che, ane haMsAuli' batAve che ke nidAna caudamA saikA sudhImAM A paraMparA susthApita thaI cUkI hatI. saMbhava che ke e paraMparA apabhraMzakAla jeTalI jUnI hoya. e pachI sadIo sudhI e paraMparA cAlu rahI che ane saMkhyAbaMdha jaina ane jainetara kRtiomAM AvAM gIto che. padmanAbhanA 'kAnhaDadekhabadhumAM, premAnaMdanA dazamaskandha' AdimAM AvAM gItorUpe keTalAMka uttama UrmikAvyo maLe che ane e ja paraMparAnA prabhAva nIce sattaramA saikAno vedAntI kavi akho potAnA kaDavAbaddha dArzanika kAvya "akhegItAmAM aneka zreSTha gIto Ape che. bahaMsAulinA samaya pachI maLatI upalabdha laukika kathAomAM jinodayasUrino 'trivikramarAsa" I.1359mAM racAyelo che. jinodayasUri kharatara gacchanA jaina AcArya hatA. eo pAlanapuranA vatanI hatA. emano janma I.1319mAM thayo hato. emanAM mAtApitAnAM nAma rudrapAla ane dhAraladevI hatAM. tathA emanuM potAnuM pUrvAzramanuM nAma samara hatuM. emanI dIkSA bAlyAvasthAmAM ja, I.1326mAM thaI hatI ane emane somaprabha nAma ApyuM hatuM. I.1350mAM jesalameramAM emane vAcanAcAryanI padavI apAI hatI, ane I.1359mAM khaMbhAtamAM jUnA gujarAtI gadyasAhityanA itihAsamAM paDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha nA kartA tarIke jANItA taruNaprabhasUrine haste-emane AcAryapadavI maLI hatI ane jinodayasUri nAma apAyuM hatuM. jinodayasUrinuM avasAna I. 1376mAM thayuM hatuM. emane sUripada prApti thaI e arasAmAM- I.1359 AsapAsa-e aMgenA mahotsavane varNavato "zrIjinodayasUripaTTAbhiSeka rAsa' emanA eka ziSya jJAnakalaza munie racelo che. jinodayasUrinA trivikramarAsamAM vikramanAM parAkramonA prasaMga nirUpAyA haze e spaSTa che, paNa e rAsa hajI apragaTa hoI (jaina gUrjara kavio.' bhAga 1, pR.15-16) enI samAlocanA zakya nathI. I.1443mAM racAyela sAdhukIrtino vikramacaritrakumArarAsa" paNa apragaTa che; enI eka jUnI hastaprata rAmalAla modI pAse mArA jovAmAM AvI hatI. e pachI eka sadI karatAM vadhu samaya bAda racAyela, jainetara madhusUdanakRta hiMsAvatI-vikramacaritra vivAha (saMpAdaka zaMkaasAda rAvaLa, phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA, muMbaI, 1935) sAthe sAdhu kIrtinI kRtinuM keTaluMka sAmya che.

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laukika kathA Adi 255 e ja arasAmAM racAyela sarvAnaMdasUrikRta maMgalakalaza copAI'mAM maMgalakalaza vidyAdharanI camatkApradhAna caritrakathA che. A apragaTa kRti prAraMbhamAM eka vastu chaMda ApI duhA-copAImAM racAyelI jaNAya che. (jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR. 35). jinodayasUrinA eka ziSya ane Thakkara mAlhanA putra zrAvaka vidvaNue I. 1367mAM 'jJAnapaMcamI copAI' racI che. 548 kaDInuM e kAvya che ane jJAnapaMcamI arthAt kArtika sudi pAMcamanuM mAhAtmya varNavatuM varadatta ane guNamaMjarInuM jaina samAjamAM prasiddha kathAnaka emAM varNavAyuM che. bIjA aneka dAkhalAomAM banyuM che tema, emAM lokakathAne dharmakathAnuM svarUpa apAyuM che. saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza ane jUnI gujarAtImAM A vize aneka kRtio racAI che. vidvaNunI kRti hajI apragaTa che(pAMcamI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadamAM cimanalAla dalAlano nibaMdha, pR. 24). jJAnapaMcamIne saubhAgyapaMcamI paNa kahe che. gadyamAM racAyelI eka ajJAtakartAka 'saubhAgyapaMcamI-kathA' saMpAdita karI prasiddha karavAnI mane taka maLI hatI (AtmAnaMdaprakAza, mAgazara saMvata 1988, I.1932). A kALakhaMDamAM racAyelI be suMdara laukika kathAo maLe che H bhImakRta 'sadayavatsavIra prabandha'ra ane hIrANaMdasUrikRta vidyAvilAsa pavADo.' 'sadayavatsavIra prabandha' jainetara saMbhavataH brAhmaNa kavinI kRti che, jyAre vidyAvilAsa pavADo' jainasAdhu kavinI racanA che. 'sadayavatsavIra prabandha', 'sadayavatsavIra caritra,' 'sadayavatsa-sAvaliMgA,' 'sadevaMta-sAmali'e vividha nAmo sadevaMta-sAvaLiMgAnI lokaprasiddha vArtAnAM che. sadayavatsa athavA sadevaMtanuM TUMkuM nAma 'sadaya' ke 'sudo' che ane 'sAvaliMgA'nuM TUMkuM nAma 'sAmali' che. bhImanI uparyuMkta kRtinI chaThThI kaDImAM 'tiha sua sayakumAra, sabala sAmamala-bhattAraha' e pramANe A vArtAnAM nAyaka-nAyikAno ullekha che. hemacaMdranA apabhraMza vyAkaraNa'mAM nIceno duho uddhRta thayo che H - jima jima vaiki loaNahuM z2iru sAmali sikjhei, tima tima varmIhu niaya-saru khara-pari tikhei (sUtra 344) A duhAno pUrvApara saMdarbha ajJAta che, paNa emAMno 'sAmali' prayoga 'sAMvira' evA sAmAnya arthamAM nahi letAM, bhIma kavinI jema prastuta kathAnI nAyikAnA arthamAM ghaTAvIe to, hemacaMdranA samaya pahelAM paNa apabhraMzamAM A kathA supracalita hatI ane emAMthI prastuta avataraNa levAyuM che ema anumAna thAya. abdur rahemAnanA

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256 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 'saMdezaka-rAsakamAM, mUlatAnanagaranA varNanamAM, veda, mahAbhArata, rAmacirata ane nalacarita sAthe sadayavatsakathAnuM gAna tyAM thatuM hatuM evo ullekha che te paNa A dRSTie sUcaka che. bhIma kavino A sadayavatsavIra prabandha' 730 kaDInuM AkarSaka kAvya che. duhA, soraThA, padmaDI, copAI, aDayala, vastu, chappaya, kuMDaLiyA, cAmara ane motIdAma chaMdomAM eno kAvyabaMdha baMdhAyelo che ane vaccevacce gItono prayoga paNa che. vikasita chaMdobaMdha tathA prauDha kAvyabAnI temaja kathAmAM uddhRta thayelA kathAprasaMga-saMbaddha prAkRta ane saMskRta subhASito A kathAnI pUrvakAlIna sAhityaparaMparAnuM sabaLa sUcana kare che. bhIma kavinuM A kAvya prema ane parAkramanA prasaMgonI phUlagUMthaNI kare che tathA zRMgA2 vI2 ane adbhuta rasanA taraMgo uchALe che. A prAcIna kathAkAvyano saMkSipta sAra joIe : ujjayinInA rAjA prabhuvatsa ane rANI mahAlakSmIno sadayavatsa nAme parAkramI putra hato e dhUtano vyasanI hato. pratiSThAnapuranA rAjA zAlivAhanane sAvarliMgA nAme putrI hatI. enA svayaMvaranuM nimaMtraNa maLatAM prabhuvatsa rAjAe maMtrI sAthe sadayavatsane tyAM mokalyo hato. maMtrI kRpaNa hoI kumArane kharca mATe Avazyaka dravya Apato nahoto, tethI baMne vacce manaduHkha thayuM hatuM. svayaMvaramAM sadayavatsanA guNothI AkarSita thaIne sAvaliMgA ene varI. ujjayinImAM mahAdeva nAme eka daridra jyotiSI raheto hato te arthaprApti mATe rAjasabhAmAM upasthita thayo. rAjAe enI parIkSA karavA mATe potAnA jayamaMgala hAthInuM bhaviSya pUchyuM. jyotiSIe kahyuM ke 'AvatI kAle bapore hAthI maraNa pAmaze.' rAjAe krodhAyamAna thaIne jyotiSIne kedamAM pUryo ane sevakone jayamaMgala hAthInI vizeSa rakSA karavAnI AjJA karI, paNa vidhivazAt bIje divase bapore hAthI madonmatta thaIne bajAramAM bhAgyo. e samaye eka sagarbhA brAhmaNInA sImaMtano varaghoDo enA piya2thI sAsare jaI rahyo hato. lokA nAThA, paNa brAhmaNI bhAgI na zakI. hAthIe ene pakaDI. tyAMthI pasAra thatA sadayavatse hAthIne mArIne brAhmaNInI rakSA karI. AthI prabhuvatsa rAjAe prasanna thaIne ene yuvarAja pada ApavAno nizcaya karyo, paNa kRpaNa maMtrIe vicAryuM ke Ama thaze to potAnI kRpaNatAnuM sadayavatsa vera leze. eNe rAjAne samajAvyuM ke eka sAdhAraNa strInI rakSA mATe sadayavatse rAjamAnya hAthIne mArI nAkhyo e ThIka na thayuM.' rAjAe paNa e vAta mAnIne kumArane ekAeka rAjya choDIne cAlyA javAnI AjJA karI. dezavaTAmAM sAvaliMgA paNa sadayavatsanI sAthe nIkaLI. cAlatAMcAlatAM eo eka vanamAM AvI pahoMcyAM. tyAM sAvaliMgAne khUba tarasa lAgatAM sadayavatsa pANI

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laukika kathA Adi 257 zodhavA gayo. eNe eka paraba joI. parabavALI vRddhAe kahyuM ke "A harasiddha mAtAnI paraba che. jeTaluM pANI lezo teTaluM lohI ApavuM paDaze." kumAre premavazAt A zaratano svIkAra karyo ane sAvaliMgAne pANI pAyuM. vRddhAe lohI mAgatAM sadayavatsa potAno ziraccheda karavA taiyAra thayo tyAre devIe ene aTakAvIne kahyuM ke "huM ujjayinI ane pratiSThAnanI kuladevI chuM, meM tArI parIkSA karavA mATe A yukti karI hatI." kumAre enI pAse saMgrAmamAM ane dhUtamAM vijaya meLavavAnuM varadAna mAgyuM. devIe pAsAnA cUtamAM vijaya mATe ene be pAsA, kapardaka cUtamAM vijaya mATe kapardikAo. ane saMgrAmamAM vijaya mATe loharRrikA ApI. AgaLa cAlatAM sAvaliMgAe strIonA samUhanI vacce eka kumArikAne dhyAna karatI joI. sAvaliMgAe prazna karatAM kahyuM ke "ahIMthI pAMca kosa dUra Avela dhArAvatI nagarInA rAjA dhArAvIranI lIlAvatI nAme huM putrI chuM. baMdIjanonA mukhe sadayavatsanA guNa sAMbhaLIne ene varavA mATe A kAmitaprada tIrthamAM cha mahinAthI dhyAna dharI rahI chuM. sadayavatsa maLyo nahi tethI AvatI kAle citAmAM baLI marIza." sAvaliMgAe A vAta sadayavatsane karI. kumAra dhArAvatI nagarImAM Avyo ane eNe lIlAvatI sAthe lagna karyuM. lIlAvatIne piyaramAM rAkhI sadayavatsa ane sAvaliMgA AgaLa cAlyAM. mArgamAM emane cAra cora maLyA. temaNe sadayavalsane dhUta ramavAnuM AhvAna ApyuM ane hAre eNe mastaka ApavuM paDe evI zarata rAkhI. devInA varadAnathI sadayavatsa jItyo, paNa eNe sajjanatAthI coronAM mastaka chedyAM nahi. AthI khuza thaIne coroe ene adaSTAMjana, rasasiddhi, saMjIvanI Adi vidyAo ApavA mAMDI, paNa sadayavalse e lIdhI nahi. Ama chatAM eka core enA uttarIyanA cheDe padminIpatraveSTita lakSa mUlyano kaMcuka bAMdhI dIdho. AgaLa cAlatAM eo eka nirjana nagaramAM pahoMcyAM. tyAM rAjabhavana pAse eka strI raDatI hatI. teNe sadayavatsane kahyuM ke naMdarAjAnI lakSmI chuM ane anAtha hovAne kAraNe raDuM chuM. tame mArA svAmI thAo." lakSmIe sadayavatsane dhananA DhagalA batAvyA. pachI sadayavatsa ane sAvaliMgA pratiSThAna AvyAM ane pAsenA nagaramAM bAroTane tyAM UtaryA. sasarAnuM gAma hovAthI praveza mATe yogya vastrAbhUSaNa levA mATe sadayavatsa nagaramAM javA mAMDyo tyAre sAvaliMgAe kahyuM ke tame pAMca divasamAM pAchA nahi Avo to huM citAmAM praveza karIza.' nagapraveza karatAM kumArane eka TUMTho sAme maLyo. siMhalanA rAjAno e surasuMdara nAme putra hato. pAMcaso hAthI ane eka karoDa mahora laIne e kautukavazAt nagara jovA Avyo hato, paNa dhUtamAM e hArI gayo ane jugArIoe enA hAtha ane kAna kApI nAkhyA hatA. pUMThAnI sAthe kumAre nagaramAM praveza karyo. tyAM sadayavatsanI vidagdhatA pragaTa

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258 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 karanArA keTalAka prasaMgo banyA. rAjamAnya vezyA kAmasenA ene joIne mohita thaI gaI. enA AgrahathI sadayavatsa keTaloka samaya ene ghera jaIne rahyo, nagaramAM dhUta khelIne eNe ghaNuM dhana meLavyuM. emAMthI keTaluka sAvaliMgA mATe AbhUSaNo kharIdavA mATe TUMThAne soMpyuM ane bAkInuM kAmasenAne ApyuM. sAvaliMgA sAthe vacanabaddha hovAne kAraNe sadayavatsa pAMcame divase kAmasenA pAsethI nIkaLyo. e samaye rokAvAno Agraha karatAM kAmasenAe enuM uttarIya kheMcyuM to emAMthI ratnamaya kaMcaka nIkaLyo. kAmasenAe e mAgyo eTale sadavatye udAratAthI ene ApI dIdho. kAmasenA e kaMcuka paherIne rAjasabhAmAM gaI. tyAM eka zreSThIe potAno corAyelo kaMcuka A ja che ema mAnIne rAjAne phariyAda karI. rAjAe kAmasenAne zULInI sajA pharamAvI. A sAMbhaLIne sadayavalse vadhasthaLanI upara AvIne koTavALane kahyuM ke, "cora huM chuM; kAmasenAne choDI do,' ema kahIne kAmasenAne jabaradastIthI choDAvI dIdhI. rAjAnI senAne paNa sadayavase harAvI dIdhI. A tarapha, pAMca dina vItI javA chatAM sadayavatsa nahi AvavAthI sAvaliMgAe citA pravezanI taiyArI karI. A sAMbhaLI sadayavatsa zULIsthAne pAchA AvavAnI pratijJA karI sAvaliMgA pAse gayo ane ene bacAvI pAcho zULIsthAna upara Avyo. rAjAe sadayavalsane enuM nAma ThAma pUchyuM, paNa eNe batAvyuM nahi eTale kAmasenAne pUchyuM. kAmasenAe sadayavalsanuM nAmAMkita khaga lAvIne rAjAne batAvyuM, paNa gupta rahevA IcchatA sadayavalse kahyuM : "A khaga meM sadayavatsa pAsethI dhUtamAM jItyuM hatuM." pachI rAjAe ene vaza karavA mATe gajaghaTA bolAvI, paNa eNe siMhanAda karIne bhagADI dIdhI. chevaTe rAjAe potAnA parAkramI jamAIne oLakhyo, parasparanuM punarmilana thayuM. ane rAjAe potAnA putra zaktisiMhane mokalIne sAvaliMgAne potAne tyAM bolAvI lIdhI. pAchA pharatAM, sadayavatsa je nirjana nagara joI Avyo hato tyAM gayo ane tyAM vIrakoTa nAme navuM nagara eNe vasAvyuM. tyAM AnaMdapUrvaka rahetAM sadayavatsane lIlAvatI rANIthI vanavIra ane sAvaliMgAthI vIrabhAnu ema be putra thayA. thoDA samaya bAda bhATa pAsethI sadayavalse sAMbhaLyuM ke pitAnI ujjayinI nagarIne zatruoe cha mAsathI gherI che. sainya sAthe kumArone laI sadayavatsa tyAM Avyo ane zatruone eNe bhagADI dIdhA. putro ane patnIo sahita eNe AvIne rAjA prabhuvatsane praNAma karyA. nagarImAM AnaMda chavAyo, paMcazabda vAditra vAgyAM. sadayavatsane mAtAe AziSa ApI ane prabhuvatsa rAjAe enA rAjyano bhAra samarpo. chevaTe puNyano mahimAgAna karIne bhaktakavi kAvyanI samApti kare che. sadayavatsavIra prabandhamAM bhIma kavinAM bhASAvaibhava, varNanazakti, rasanirUpaNa

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laukika kathA Adi 259 ane coTadAra saMvAdono pUro khyAla A saMkSipta sAra uparathI vAcakane bhAgye Ave. emAMthI betraNa namUnA joIe. prabhuvatsanA rAjakulanuM duhAbaddha varNana : baMdhI talIyA toraNaha, gUDIya vannaravAli; disaI dIvAlI taNA ucchava huI agAli. paMcazabda ninAda rasi vAvI vAjaMti; paDasade pUrI bhuvaNa gayaIgaNi garjati. vipna veadhuNi uccara iM, koI sukavi kaIvAra; rAyaMgaNi rAjA taNAM miliyA grUNahAra. varamaMDapi maMDiya gajara, vajjaI nAciNi caMga. kihiM kapaDa, kihi diI kaNaya, kihi kekANa kacchAhi ; dhana devaMto kilakilaI, pahuvaccha manamAMhi" (kaDI 79-83) varayAtrAnA varNanamAM gIta ane chaMdanI saMsRSTino namUno juo : AsaNa taNI aNAvila e, naravarii tarala turaMga, e sakhI! sAhaNapati pahulANavila e, palANi pataMga, tINaI vararAu caDAvika e. caDaMti levi je jAMti, te turaMga ANIuM, je suddha khitta sAluhurU lakSaNe vakhANiI; pAyAli huMti kIayau, ho mahIya Asakhe, sohati sadayavatsa vIra, te turaMga AsaNe. cihuM disi airi camara DhalaI e-A-A, sira vari e sohaI chatra, vipra vaya-dhuni uccaraI e-A-A; Agali e nAnAvidha pAtra, bahu baMdiza kalarava karaI e. karaMti baMdizA aNika, maMgalikka mAlaya, vicitta nRtti patra pAu, rAga raMga tAlaya; caDI turaMgi, caMgI aMgi, sAra suMdarI rase, ti cAlavaMti, nAri dhyAri, cAmara cihuM dise. (kaDI 317-320) kASThabhakSaNa karavA taiyAra thayelI sAvaliMgAnI aMtima prArthanAnAM dhyAna kheMce che :

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260 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 'sUda ! tArI sAtha thiu AMtarU ati Utarau; hita josi jaganAtha, sAhisaka sAmaliA dhaNI! Ule aMtari ehi, taDa pahilUM pAmiuM nahIM, vAhaNa vihi-vasi hou, na rahai nIjAmA pakhai. nIsara sUdA sAthi, jIva! mAArI priya-pakhai; te jANai jaganAtha, nAha-vichoDayAM mANasAM.' (kaDI 600-602) joke uparyukta soraThA bhIma kavie paraMparAgata lokasAhityamAMthI lIdhA hoya e paNa saMbhavita che. bhIma kavinI pachI A kathAnAM vividha rUpAntaro gujarAta ane rAjasthAnanA sAhityamAM vyApaka che. I.1471mAM jaina AcArya ratnazekharasUrinA ziSya harSavardhanagaNie 'sadayavatsakathA' saMskRtamAM racI che. jaina dharmanuM mAhAtmya darzAvatA prasaMgo kartAe emAM gUMthyA che te bAda karIe to mukhya kathAbhAgamAM e bhImanuM anusaraNa kare che. e pachI kIrtivardhana I.1641, nityalAbha I.1726 ane keTalAka ajJAtanAmA jaina kavioe gujarAtImAM A vize kAvyaracanA karI che. A sivAya paNa A kathAprasaMga varNavatI aneka nAnI-moTI ajJAtakartRka racanAo che. sadevaMtasAvaliMgAnI raste vecAtI vArtAmAM nAyaka-nAyikAnA ATha bhavano vRttAMta maLe che te uparyukta jUnI ziSTa kRtiomAM nathI, paNa e kathAparaMparAnAM mULa lokasAhityamAM ghaNAM jUnAM haze ema sahaja anumAna thAya che. hIrANaMdasUrikRta vidyAvilAsa pavADo' I.1429mAM racAyelI kRti che. hIrANaMdasUri pIMpala gacchanA jaina AcArya vIprabhasUrinA ziSya hatA. I.1429mAM emaNe 'vastupAlarAsa' paNa racyo che.4 dazArNabhadrarAsa' jaMbusvAmIno vivAhalo' I.1439, 'kalikAla rAsa' I.1430, 'kalikAlabatrIsI' ane 'lakSmI-sarasvatIvivAda gIta' e jANavAmAM AvelI emanI bIjI racanAo che.pa eka vaNika zeThano mUrkha putra gurusevAmAM vinaya dAkhavavAthI mUrkhaTTane badale vinayacakra kahevAyo. ene gurukRpAthI sarasvatIno prasAda maLatAM vidyAno vilAsa karanAra vidyAvilAsa kahevAyo, ane Akhare vidyAnA pratApathI rAjakanyA paraNI eNe rAjya meLavyuM. e rIte vidyAvilAsa rAjAnuM nAma dRSTAntayogya gaNAyuM. keTalAMya jUnAM kAvyomAM 'jANe bIjo vidyAvilAsa' evI utprekSA vidvAna puruSa mATe avAranavAra jovAmAM Ave che. 'vidyAvilAsa pavADA'no nAyaka e vidyAvilAsa che. duhA, copAI, vastu ane gItomAM racAyelI e kRtino kathAsAra A che : 'zatruMjaya upara AdinAtha, hastinApuramAM zAntinAtha, ujjayaMta u52 neminAtha, -

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laukika kathA Adi 261 jIrAvalamAM pArzvanAtha, sAco2mAM vardhamAna mahAvI2 ane kAzmIravAsinI sarasvatIne praNAma karIne hIrANaMdasUrI vidyAvilAsanuM caritra kahe che te, he bhaviko, bhAva dharIne sAMbhaLo. mAlavadezanI ujjayinI nagarImAM jaganIka rAjA rAjya karato hato. e nagaramAM dhanavAha nAme zreSThI vasato hato. enA cAra putra hatAH dhanasAra, guNasAra, sAgara ane dhanasAga2. eka vAra e cArene bolAvIne zreSThIe pUchyuM ke mArA gharano bhAra tame kevI rIte dhAraNa karazo?" pahelA putre kahyuM ke 'huM ghera hATa mAMDIza.' bIjAe kahyuM : 'vahANavaTuM karIne huM sonAnI pATo lAvIza.' trIjAe kahyuM : 'huM gharanAM goru cArIza.' cothAe kahyu : 'ujjayinInA rAjAne jItIne huM enuM rAjya laIza ane e rIte pitAnAM sarva manavAMchita kAmo siddha karIza.' A sAMbhaLIne rAjAthI bhaya pAmatA pitAe e cothA putrane ghara bahAra kADhI mUkyo. nagaranI bahAra e samaye jayasAgara sArthavAha potAno sArtha laI zrIpura javA taiyAra thaIne Ubho hato tenI sAthe dhanasAgara joDAyo ane keTaleka divesa zrIpura pahoMcyo. nagaramAM pharatAM eNe eka nizALa joI ane tyAM paMDita pAse eNe bhaNavAnuM zarU karyuM. e vinayazIla hato, paNa ghaNI mahenata karavA chatAM ene eke akSara AvaDato nahi, AthI bIjA nizALiyA ene mUrakhacaTTa kahetA, paNa enA vinayane kAraNe paMDita ene vinayaTTa kahI bolAvatA. e nagaramAM surasuMdara rAjA hato ane kamalA rANI hatI. enI saubhAgyasundarI putrI rUpamAM raMbhA jevI hatI. e paNa e nizALamAM bhaNatI hatI. rAjAnA maMtrIno manamohana nAme putra paNa tyAM ja bhaNavA Avato. rAjakumArIe enA upara mohita thaI enI sAthe lagna karavAno prastAva mUkyo, paNa manamohanane e gamatuM nahotuM. eNe vinayacakrane kahyuM ke, mAre badale kuMvarIne paraNIne tuM paradeza jA.' paNa pote mUrkha hato, A catura kuMvarIne kema paraNI zake? sarasvatInA maMdira AgaLa jaI e potAnuM zIza chedavA taiyAra thayo eTale bhAratI prasanna thaI ane sakala kalAno jANa thayo. pachI guru pAse eNe vidAya mAgI ane gurue ene zAradAmaMtra Apyo. pachI maMtrI putrano veza dhAraNa karI rAtre e kAmadevanA maMdiramAM Avyo. sakhI sahita rAjaputrI traNa azva sAthe dhanabhaMDAra laIne tyAM AvI hatI. karmasaMyoge pANigrahaNa thayuM ane traNe jaNa tyAMthI mArate ghoDe UpaDyAM. mArgamAM rAjakumArIe aneka samasyAo mUkI, paNa vinayacaTTa ekeyano uttara Apato nahoto. prabhAta thayuM eTale manamohanane badale mUrakhacaTTane joIne kuMvarI vilApa karavA lAgI, paNa sarajyuM zI rIte mithyA thAya? Ama karatAM traNeya AhaDa nagaramAM AvyAM ane tyAM eka AvAsa laIne rahyAM. jene pote mUrkha mAnatI hatI tenI tarapha rAjakuMvarI najara mAMDIne jotI paNa nahotI, paNa vidyAbhaMDAra vinayacaTTa potAnI vidyA vaDe nagaralokanAM mana raMjana karato hato ane tethI nAgarikoe enuM nAma vidyAvilAsa' pADyuM hatuM. e nagarano

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262 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 jyasiMhadeva rAjA taLAva khodAvato hato temAMthI prAcIna lipimAM lakhAyelo lekha maLyo hato te koI vAMcI zakatuM nahotuM, e vidyAvilAse vAMcyo, ane agAunA bhIma rAjAe dATelI suvarNanI agiyAra koTi ene AdhAre rAjAe meLavI. prasanna thayelA rAjAe vidyAvilAsane pradhAna banAvyo. sakhIe AvIne saubhAgyasuMdarI AgaLa vidyAvilAsanI prazaMsA karI, paNa saubhAgyasuMdarI to enI avagaNanA ja karatI. eka vAra rAjAe vidyAvilAsanuM gharasUtra jovA mATe kahyuM : 'kAle tamAre tyAM ame jamavA AvIzuM.' vidyAvilAsane ciMtAtura joI, badhI vAtano bheda meLavI sakhIe potAnI svAminI AgaLa vAta karI tyAre e bolI ke mArA sarakhI soLa nArIne zaNagArIne lAvo to rAjAne huM umaMgapUrvaka jamADuM.' vidyAvilAse kahyuM ke "bAkI sarva vAta sohyalI che, eka mAtra tArI svAminI sohyalI nathI.' pachI rAjA bhojana karavA Avyo tyAre soLa sundarIo sAthe sattaramI saubhAgyasuMdarIe rAjAno satkAra karyo ane bhAtabhAtanAM bhojana pIrasyAM. paNa emAMthI pradhAnapatnI koNa e rAjA kaLI zakyo nahi. A caturAIthI manamAM e hasyo. bIjI eka yukti vicArI eNe pradhAnane kahyuM : "ApaNA nagaramAM devInI jAtara dara varSe thAya che, emAM puruSa mRdaMga vagADe che ane strI nRtya kare che. e mAna oNa sAla tamane ghaTe che.' rAjAno A Adeza sAMbhaLIne vidyAvilAsa udAsa thaIne ghera Avyo. saubhAgyasuMdarIne to vidyAvilAsa pratye hajI tiraskAra hato, paNa sakhIe ene jema tema karI samajAvI. jAtaranA divase badhAM devInA maMdire AvyAM ane vidyAvilAse mRdaMgavAdana zarU karyuM te sAMbhaLIne saubhAgyasundarIne samajAyuM ke A paNa sAco kalAkovida che. eNe potAnI jAtane dhanya mAnI ullAsapUrvaka nRtya karyuM ane rAjA tathA sarva loka prasanna thayA. utsava pUro karI ghe2 jatAM saubhAgyasundarIne yAda AvyuM ke potAnI ratnajaDita vIMTI nRtya karatAM devaLamAM paDI gaI hatI. vidyAvilAsa e levA gayo. vIMTI laIne pAcho vaLyo tyAre nagaranA daravAjA baMdha thaI gayA hoI gaDhanI moTI khALamAM thaI e aMdara pravezyo. e samaye ene sarpa Dasyo ane ghera AvatAM surasenA gaNikAnA AMgaNAmAM e bebhAna thaIne paDyo. gaNikAe ene gharamAM lAvI maNijala pAIne saceta karyo, paNa potAne ghera ja rahevA ene Agraha karyo. gaNikA ene page maMtrelo doro bAMdhe eTale e popaTa thaI jAya ane choDe eTale puruSa bane. ema samaya vItavA lAgyo. A bAju, vidyAvilAsa pAcho nahi AvavAthI, saubhAgyasundarI ciMtAtura thaI zokamAM samaya gALavA lAgI. rAjAe paDo pheravyo ke mahetAno patto je meLavaze tene mArI putrI guNasundarI paraNAvIza ane ardhuM rAjya ApIza.' popaTarUpe rahelo vidyAvilAsa eka vAra pAMjaruM ughADuM hatuM tyAre rAjakumArIne

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laukika kathA Adi 263 AvAse UDIne Avyo. rAjakumArIe ene hAtha upara besADyo, sulalita vANIthI bolAvyo tathA sAkara ane drAkSanI caNa ApI. popaTane page doro bAMdhelo joI rAjakumArIe choDyo eTale e vidyAvilAsa thaI gayo. badho bheda jANIne rAjakumArIe doro pAcho bAMdhI dIdho, maMtrI popaTarUpe pAcho gaNikAnA pAMjarAmAM jaIne beTho ane rAjakumArI ati ullAsapUrvaka saubhAgyasundarIne samAcAra kahevA gaI. saubhAgyasundarIe sakhIo dvArA rAjAne khabara ApI. rAjAe gaNikAne teDAvI.. eNe mAMDIne badhI vAta kahI. maMtrIne AliMgana daI rAjAe gaNikAne rajA ApI ane ardha rAjya ApI rAjakumArI paraNAvI. lagnotsava thayo ane maMtrI ghera Avyo. bALapaNamAM pitAe kahelAM vacana maMtrIne eka vAra yAda AvyAM. rAjAno Adeza laI, sainya taiyAra karI eNe ujjayinI upara AkramaNa karyuM ane jaganIka rAjAne harAvyo. vidyAvilAse utsavapUrvaka rAjA tarIke nagarapraveza karyo. pachI eNe dUta mokalI potAnA pitA dhanavAha zeThane teDAvIne pUchyuM : "zeTha, tamAre keTalA putra?" dhanavAhe uttara Apyo : prabhu traNa putro vaDe mAruM gharasUtra sAruM cAle che.' vidyAvilAse pUchyuM : "traNa putra sivAya tamAre koI saMtAna hatuM ke?" zeThe uttara Apyo : "prabhu! cotho bALaka to risAIne paradeza gayo hato." rAjAe pragaTa thaIne kahyuM : "e ja huM tamAro cotho putra" sau harSita thayAM ane iMdranI jema vidyAvilAsa ujjayinInuM rAjya karavA lAgyo. eka vAra jJAnatilakasUri ujjayinImAM AvyA ane rAjAe saparivAra jaIne emane vaMdana karyA. sUrie rAjAno pUrvabhava karyo pUrvajanmamAM karelI zAstranI avajJAne kAraNe e mUrkhacaTTa kahevAyo, paNa tapanA prabhAvathI mALavAno rAjA thayo. A sAMbhaLI rAjAne jAtismaraNa-pUrvajanmanuM smaraNa - thayuM ane lakSmIne pavana samAna, yauvanane saMdhyArAga samAna ane jIvitane jalabindu samAna jANIne, putrane rAjya soMpI eNe dIkSA lIdhI ane e saMyamapUrvaka zivapurI pahoMcyo. kavitA, chaMdobaMdha ane bhASA e traNe dRSTie vidyAvilAsa pavADo' eka noMdhapAtra kRti che. nizALe bhaNavA jatI rAjakanyA saubhAgyasundarInuM varNana : sola kalA suMdari sasivayaNI, caMpakavatrI bAla; kAjalasAmala lahakaI veNI, caMcala nayaNa visAla. adhara suraMga jimyA paravAlI, sarala sukomala bAha, paNa payohara atihiM maNohara, jANe amiya-pravAha. Urayugala kiri kadalIvaMbhA, caraNakamala sukamAla; mayagala jima mAlDaMtI cAlaI, bolaI vayaNa rasAla. (kaDI 17-18)

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264 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 saubhAgyasuMdarInA nRtyamAM vidyAvilAsanA mRdaMgavAdananuM varNana juo : dhAMdhAM dhapasu mahura mRdaMga, cacapaTa cacapaTa tAlu suraMga; kaUgina dhoMgane dhUMgA nAdi, gAIM nAgaDadoM doM sAdi. mana mani jhajhaNaNa vINa, ninikhuNi, jokhaNi Auja lINa; vAjI oM auM maMgala zaMkha, dhidhikaTa dheMkaDa pADa asaMkha. jhAgaDa digi digi siri vallarI, jhuNaNa jhuNaNa pAu neurI; doM doM chaMdihiM tivila rasAla, dhuNaNa dhuNaNa ghughura ghamakAra. rimajhimi rimajhimi jhijhima kaMsAla, karara karira kire ghaTa paTa tAla; bharara bharara siri bheria sAda, pAyaDIu AlavIu nAda. nisuNI evaMviha bahu tAla, mina camakI ne navaraMga bAla; nAcI ati ghaNa ulleTa dharI, rAjakuMri sohagasuMdarI.' (kaDI 102-106) chaMdobaddha kathAmAM vaccevacce keTalAMka gIto Ave che ane e bhAvanirUpaNa temaja virAmanI garaja sAre che. AvI kathAonuM paThana thatuM haze ane aneka loko e rasapUrvaka sAMbhaLatA haze e sthitinI kalpanA karIe tyAre gItonI phUlagUMthaNI sUcaka bane che. AkhyAno ThaMDI rAte cakale-cauTe gavAtAM tema jaina upAzrayomAM bapo2nA samaye gRhastho ekatra thaI emAMnA eka vaDe gavAtI padyabaddha dharmakathAonuM zravaNa karatA e rivAja hajI gaI peDhI sudhI hato. popaTa banI gayelA vidyAvilAsanI vATa jotI saubhAgyasuMdarInA vilApanuM eka gIta vidyAvilAsa pavADA'mAMthI joIe : rAga saMpUu nisi bhari sohaga suMdarI re joI vAraMbha vATa. nIMdra na Avai nayaNale re hiaDai kharau ucATa. suNi sAmI lIla-vilAsa, vali vAliMbha vidyAvilAsa, majha tujha viNa ghaDIya cha mAsa, prabhu pUri-na manakI Asa. ima viri priya viNa bolai. AMkaNI. sIhIa samANI sejaDI re, caMdana jehavI jhAla; dAvAnala jima dIvaDau re, kamala jisyAM karavAla. suNi

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laukika kathA Adi 265 majha na suhAI cAMdalu re, jANe visa varasaMti; sItala vAu sohAmaNuM re, priya viNa tApa karaMti. | suNi dAkhI DAhima ApaNI re, raMji mujha manamora; chayalapaNaI chAna rahyuM re, hIyaDauM karI kaThora. | suNi0 etA daha na jANIyA re, niraguNa jANI kaMta; hiva khiNa jAtaka varasa sau re, jAI mujha bilavaMta suNi. jaI karavata sira tAharaI re, dIjata sirajaNahAra; vara vacholyAM sAjaNAM re, tau tau jANata sAra. | suNi0 olaMbhA dIjaI kuNaha-raI re, kuNihiM dIjaI dosa; hIrANaMda ima UcaraI re, kIjai mani saMtoSa. | suNi. (kaDI 116-122) I.1229mAM racAyela vinayacaMdrakRta saMskRta "mallinAtha mahAkAvyamAM eka ADakathA tarIke vidyAvilAsanI kathA Ave che. 203 zlokanA e saMskRta upAkhyAnane kathAvastunI dRSTie hIrANaMda anusare che. A kathAnakanI paraMparA e pachI gujarAtI sAhityamAM avicchinnapaNe cAlu rahI che. I.1460mAM kharataragacchIya upAdhyAya jJAnasAgarakata vidyAvilAsa copAI, I.1475mAM ajJAta jaina kavikRta vidyAvilAsa copAI', I.16 16mAM mANekakRta vidyAvilAsa rAsa' noMdhapAtra che. aDhAramAM zatakamAM vaLI jinaharSa, amaracaMda ane RSabhasAgara e jaina kavioe A ja viSaya upara lakhyuM che. suratanA laghu ane sukha e be vaNika bhAIoe I.166 7mAM vinayacaTTanI vArtA racI che. 203 zlokanI nAnakaDI saMskRta AkhyAyikA laghu ane sukhanI vistRta padyakathArUpe kramazaH kevI rIte avatAra pAme che eno sAhityika itihAsa tapAsavA jevo che. ratnasiMhasUriziSyakata upadezamAlAkathAnaka chappayano nirdeza ahIM ja karavo ucita thaze. keTalAka abhyAsIo mAne che tema, ahIM chappA e koI sAhityaprakAra nathI, InI navamI sadI pUrve kyAreka mahArASTra prAkRtamAM racAyela, dharmadAsagaNita upadezamAlA'mAMnI kathAono sAroddhAra A kAvya chappAomAM ApatuM hoI

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26 6 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 kathAkRtionI samAlocanAne aMte eno nirdeza ucita thaze. upadezamAlA e dharmabodha ane nItibodha arthe lakhAyelo prakaraNagraMtha che, ane jaina sAhityamAM e khUba lokapriya hoI enA upara aDhAra saMskRta TIkAo, eka prAkRta TIkA ane jUnI gujarAtImAM traNa bAlAvabodho jANavAmAM AvyAM che. 'upadezamAlAkathAnaka chappayamAM kartAe 81 jhamakadAra chappAmAM 'upadezamAlA'nI kathAono sAra Apyo che. emAM kartAe potAno spaSTa nAmollekha nahi karatAM potAne ratnasiMhasUrinA ziSya tarIke oLakhAvela che. paNa ratnasiMhasUrinA ziSya vinayacaMdra I.1269 AsapAsa neminAtha catuSyadikA' racI che te ja A chappAonA kartA hoya ema anumAna thAya che. ema hoya to, I.nA teramA zatakanA uttarArdhanI e racanA gaNatAM upadezamAlAkathAnaka chappaya' pachI Azare so-savAso varSe kharatara guru guNa varNana chappaya' nAme eka vistRta kAvya paNa racAyeluM che. kharatara gacchanA AcAryonA guNanuM emAM varNana che. I.1419 AsapAsa vidyamAna AcArya jinabhadrasUri sudhI AvIne e varNana aTake che, e uparathI enA kartA jinabhadrasUrinA ziSyamaMDaLamAM haze evuM anumAna thAya che. rAjA siddharAja jayasiMhanA samayathI mAMDI I.nA paMdaramAM zatakanA AraMbha sudhInA kharatara gacchanA AcAryonI AnupUrvI tathA emanA jIvanavRtta vizenI upayogI mAhitI emAMthI maLatI hoI aitihAsika daSTie A racanA agatyanI che. 2. rUpakagraMthi rUpakagraMthi (Allegory) pUrva temaja pazcimamAM lokapriya evo sAhityaprakAra che ane eno viniyoga moTe bhAge dharmapracAra mATe thayo che. A prakAranI racanAomAM pAtro zubhAzubha guNonAM pratIko hoI evI racanAonuM mukhya kathayitavya grahaNa karavAnuM lokone saraLa paDe che, jo ke AvI kRtio sAmAnyatAmAM sarI paDe ane sAhityika dRSTie jotAM yaMtravatuM nirUpaNa karanArI banI jAya e enuM bhayasthAna che. jUnA gujarAtI sAhityamAM A sAhityaprakAranA namUnA saMkhyAbaMdha che, jo ke je kAlakhaMDanI ApaNe ahIM vAta karIe chIe temAM evI racanAo kevaLa betraNa upalabdha che. emAM sauthI jUnuM jinaprabhAcAryanuM "bhavyacarita che.' IsavI sananA teramA zatakamAM thaI gayelA, AgamagacchIya jinaprabhAcArye uttarakAlIna apabhraMza athavA jUnI gujarAtImAM nAnAMmoTAM saMkhyAbaMdha kAvyo racyAM che : madanarekhA saMdhi' (I.1241), "jJAnaprakAza kulaka," "caturvidhabhAvanA kulaka, mallicaritra jIvAnuzAsti saMdhi', "neminAtharAsu, yugAdijinacarita kulaka, "bhavyacarita,' bhavyakuTuMbacarita,' "sarvacaityaparipATI svAdhyAya', "subhASitakulaka' "zrAvakavidhi

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laukika kathA Adi ra6 7 prakaraNa', dharmAdharmavicAra kulaka' 'vajasvAmIcarita' (I.1260), neminAthajanmAbhiSeka,' "munisuvratasvAmI stotra, chappana dizAkumArI janmAbhiSeka, jinastuti ityAdi kAvyomAM kartA tarIke emano nAmollekha che. kavinA nAmollekha vinAnAM bIjAM keTalAMka kAvyo tADapatranI eka ja pothImAMthI maLe che te paNa jinaprabhAcAryakRta hovAnuM mAnavAmAM Ave che. emanA "bhavyacarita'mAM nirUpita kathAnakano saMkSepa nIce pramANe che : bhavapura nAme nagaramAM anAdi kALathI moha nAme rAjA rAjya karato hato. enI mithyAdaSTi nAme putrImAM Asakta thayelA loko dhamadharma, bhakSyAbhakSya ane gamyAgamyane jANatA nahotA tathA enA vaDe bhavamAM bhamADAtA hatA. A tarapha jinarAjano udaya thayo; emaNe dharmadhyAnapuramAM saMyama nAme rAjA sthApyo. e rAjAne sarvavirati nAme putrI hatI. bhavika jIvane bhavitavyatAne lIdhe AtmabhAna thayuM ane eNe saMyama kane sarvaviratinI mAgaNI karI. saMyame e ApI ane bhavika dharmadhyAna karato zivapuranA mArge lAgyo. AthI mithyASTine krodha thayo ane e sarvavirati sAthe kalaha karavA lAgI ane bhavikane paNa potAno sneha nahi toDavA mATe kahevA lAgI, paNa potAnAM aneka duHkhonuM kAraNa e hovAthI bhavike eno tiraskAra karyo, eTale e raDatIraDatI potAnA pitA moharAjane tyAM gaI. moharAjAe enI jyeSTha bhaginI bhavitavyatAne bolAvI, ane AvuM aniSTa sUtra goThavavA mATe ene Thapako Apyo. potAnuM nAnuM kuTuMba jinarAjAne pahoMcI zakatuM na hovAthI e zokAtura thaIne beTho. enI A sthiti mithyAtvI maMtrIe joI. eNe kahyuM : 'prabhu zoka zA mATe karo cho? darekanI yogyatA pramANe ene Adeza Apo!" krodha bolyo : prabhu AjJA Apo to jinanA parivArane A deza choDAvI dauM." mAne kahyuM : mAyAkumArInI sahAyathI huM sau koIne harAvIza.' lobha bolyo : "mArI sAme koI yoddho AvI zake ema nathI. madane kahyuM : "mane raNano paTo Apo to traNe bhuvanane vyAkuLa karI nAkhuM" pramAde kahyuM : "kAM to tamane tribhuvananA rAjA banAvuM, kAM to samarAMgaNamAM marI jAuM.' A sAMbhaLIne saMtoSa pAmelA mohe paramAnaMdanagarane ghero ghAlyo. pahelAM to zaraNe AvavAnA kaheNa sAthe eNe jinarAjA pAse dUta mokalyo, paNa kaMI vaLyuM nahi. Agamano Dhola vagaDAvavAmAM Avyo te sAMbhaLIne mohanA saghaLA subhaTo saMtAI gayA. vivekanI AgevAnI nIce, aDhAra sahasa zIlAMga-2thathI yukta saMyamanuM sainya bahAra nIkaLyuM. subhaTa pramAda sAme Avyo, ene viveke sthAnabhraSTa karyo, krodhakumArane upazamakumAre mAryo, mAnane mArdave aneka bANa vaDe vIMdhI nAkhyo; mAyAne Aje mArI nAkhI. e joIne moharAjAnuM daLa nAsavA mAMDyuM. lobhamallane saMtoSe enA parijana sAthe mAryo, bhaTa darpane zIla subhaTe haNyo. pachI moharAja

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268 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 sAme Avyo, tenA saMyamarAje dhyAnakhaDga vaDe TukaDA karI nAkhyA. saMyamanRpano jayakAra thayo. paramAnaMdanagaramAM utsAha vyApyo. mohanA je koI anaMta jIva zaraNa mAgatA AvyA temanuM rakSaNa karavAmAM AvyuM. suguru kahe che ke sakala jIvalokamAM jinaprabhu sivAya bIjuM zaraNasthAna nathI. 44 kaDInI, copAI chaMdamAM racAyelI A nAnI kRti kAvyarasanI dRSTie sAdhAraNa che, paNa bhASAno pravAha emAM saraLa ane nirADaMbara rIte vaheto jAya che, prAraMbhanI thoDIka kaDIo joIe : bhaviya suNau bhavajIvaha cariu, saMkhetihi maNu niccalu dhariu; asthi aNAiya bhavapura nAmu, mohAu tahiM vasai pagAmu. micchadiki tasu vallaha dhUa, sayala jIva sA piyayama hUya; tiNihiM mohiu eu yilou, vinaDitu dharaI 5mou. kavi na jANaI dhammAdhammu, bhakhAbhakhkhu, na gammAgammu; nicurug sA puNa dharanAri, jIva bhamADaI viviha payAri. (kaDI 1-3) kavinA nAmollekha vinAnuM, paNa jinaprabhAcAryakRta gaNavAmAM AveluM, 'jinaprabhumoharAja vijyokti' e nAmanuM apragaTa kAvya paNa A prakAranI rUpakagranthi che. mohano parAjya tathA hemAcAryanA upadezane pariNAme rAjA kumArapALano jaina dharmasvIkA2 varNavatuM yazaHpAlanuM rUpakapradhAna saMskRta nATaka 'mohaparAjaya' (I. 122932), je enI racanA pachI turata uttara gujarAtamAM tharAdamAM bhajavAtuM hatuM, tenI A prakAranAM rUpako upara ThIka asara thaI jaNAya che. kumArapALa ane hemacandra sivAyanAM, emAMnAM sarva pAtra zubhAzubha guNonAM pratIko ja che. hatA. e pachInI rUpakapradhAna gujarAtI kAvyaracanAomAM yazekharasUriSkRta 'tribhuvanadIpakaprabandha' sauthI jUno che tema kavitAdRSTie paNa asAdhAraNa mahattvano che. enA kartA jayazekharasUri aMcalagacchanA jaina AcArya 'tribhuvadIpakaprabandha'mAM racanAvarSa ApyuM nathI, paNa jayazekharasUrie pote ja I.1406mAM saMskRtamAM racela 'prabodhacintAmaNi' nAmanI kRtino e gujarAtI anuvAda che, eTale e pachI TUMka samayamAM e racAyo haze ema gaNI zakAya. jayazekharasUri saMskRta prAkRta ane gujarAtInA vyutpanna vidvAna ane kavi hatA ane e traNe bhASAomAM emaNe sAhityasarjana karyuM che. emaNe I.1380mAM 'upadezacintAmaNi' nAme 12000 zloka pramANano bRhat saMskRta graMtha tathA I.1406mAM 'dhammillacarita' mahAkAvya racyuM che. jaina kumArasaMbhava' emanI eka viziSTa saMskRta racanA che. A uparAMta saMskRta, prAkRta ane jUnI gujarAtImAM emanI

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laukika kathA Adi 269 aneka saMkSipta kAvyaracanAo maLe che. gujarAtI racanAomAM anukrame 58 ane 49 kaDIonA be neminAtha phAgu' ApaNA jUnA sAhityamAM phAguracanAnI be chaMda:paripATIonuM sundara pratinidhitva rajU kare che. gujarAtI gadyakAvya "pRthvIcandracarita'nA kartA mANikyasundare A jayazekharasUri pAse vidyAbhyAsa karyo hato ema emaNe pote ja eka sthaLe kahyuM che. A tribhuvanadIpakaprabandhane emAMnA adhyAtmopadezane kAraNe keTalIka hastapratomAM paramahaMsaprabandha' ke "haMsavicAraprabandha' evuM nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che. 'haMsavicAra' nAma mATe kartAne potAne paNa abhimAna che, kAraNa ke kAvyanA AraMbhamAM 8mI kaDImAM emaNe kahyuM che ke : puNya-pApa be bhaI Talai dIsaI mukukha-dulAru, sAvadhAna te saMbhalauM, haraSiI haMsa vicAru. 432 kaDInuM A ThIkaThIka lAMbu kAvya che. rUpakagraMthinI maryAdAmAM rahIne AvI sudIrgha racanA karavA chatAM kAvyarasa akhkhalita vahyo jAya che. emAM kartAnI saMvidhAnazaktino, bhASAprabhutvano tathA enI kavipratibhAno vijaya che. kAvyano chaMdobaMdha duhA, copAI, vastu, chappaya Adi mAtrAmeLa chaMdomAM tathA gItomAM thayelo che. "kAvya'nAme oLakhAtA azuddha bhujaMgIno paNa koI ThekANe prayoga che. akSaranA, rUpanA, mAtrAnA ane layanA baMdhanathI mukta, chatAM emAM levAtI chUTa bhogavatuM prAsayukta gadya - je "bolI' nAme oLakhAya che te - paNa emAM prasaMgopAtta Ave che. A rUpakagraMthinuM vastu saMkSepamAM joIe : prAraMbhamAM paramezvara ane sarasvatIne praNAma karIne kavi kahe che ke traNe bhuvanamAM jenuM teja prasaryuM hatuM te paramahaMsa nAme rAjA hato. e buddhimahodadhi, balavAna, akala, ajeya, anAdi ane anaMta hato. e paramahaMsa rAjAne cetanA nAme catura rANI hatI, ane baMne vacce gADha prema hato. ekavAra mAyA nAme navayauvanAne rAjAe joI, ane emAM e lubdha thayo. cetanA adazya thaI gaI. vizvanuM rAjya choDI paramahaMse kAyAnagarI vasAvI, ane mana nAme amAtyane vahIvaTa soMpI dIdho. mAyA ane mana baMnee eka thaI paramahaMsane keda karyo, ane mana rAjA thayo. A mana rAjAne be rANIo hatI : pravRtti ane nivRtti. emAMthI pravRttino putra moha ane nivRttino putra viveka nAme hato. mana rAjAe mohane rAjya ApyuM. pravRttinI bhaMbheraNIthI mana rAjAe nivRtti ane enA putra vivekane dezavaTo dIdho, eTale e baMne pravacanapurI pAsenA AtmArAma vanamAM vimalabodha nAme kulapati pAse AvyAM. kulapatie potAnI putrI vivekane paraNAvI ane pravacanapurInA arihaMta rAjA pAse laI gayA. arihaMta rAjAe vivekane puNyaraMga pATaNano rAjA banAvyo.

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270 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 1 pachI vasaMtano prAraMbha thatAM mohano putra kAmakumAra digvijaya mATe nIkaLyo ane aneka dezo upara vijaya karIne eNe puNyaraMga pATaNa tarapha prayANa karyuM. e samaye viveka prajAjanone sAthe laI, arihaMta prabhunA sAmaMta sadupadezanI putrI saMyamazrInA svayaMvaramAM gayo hato, eTale kAmakumAre khAlI nagara upara kabajo karyo. A tarapha, vivekanAM adbhuta parAkramo joI saMyamazrIe enAM kaMThamAM varamALA AropI. e pachI zatruMjaya pAse viveka ane mohanAM sainya vacce tumula yuddha thayuM, temAM viveka brahmAyudhathI mohano vadha karyo. A kulakSaya joIne mohanI mAtA pravRtti jhUravA lAgI. mana paNa zokAtura thaI gayo. viveke ene samajAvIne zAMta karyo. mana rAjAe vivekane rAjya ApyuM, topaNa mohane e bhUlI zakato nahoto. viveke manane samajAvyo ke tAta! mohanI bhramaNA choDI do, samatA Adaro, mamatA dUra mUko. cAra kaSAyone haNI pAMce Indriyone jItI zamarasanA pUramAM khelo.. oskAramAM sthira rahIne paramAnaMda prApta karo. A upadezane anusaravAno prayatna karavA chatAM manane pharIpharI mohanuM smaraNa thatuM hatuM. chevaTe eNe ATha karmarUpI sahacaro sAthe zukla plAnarUpI agnimAM praveza karyo. atyAra sudhI ajJAtavAsamAM rahelI cetanAe have avasara Avelo jANI potAnA pati paramahaMsa pAse AvIne kahyuM, "svAmI! mAyAne lIdhe tame tamArA upara aneka vItaka vItyAM. e vItaka have zA sAru saMbhAravA? tame vizvanuM sAmrAjya mUkI A apavitra kAyAnagarImAM kema baMdhAI rahyA cho? Ape Apane vimAso! UTho, potAnI zakti prakAzo. mAyAno lAga have TaLI gayo che, manamahetAe agnipraveza karyo che, ane kuTuMbasahita moha raNakSetramAM nAza pAmyo che. mATe te svAmI ! have vinA vilaMbe prakAzo." cetanArANIno A saMketa manamAM vasatAM paramahaMsa saceta thayo ane paramajyoti prakAza pAmyo. kAyA mUkIne paramahaMsa mokaLo-mukta thayo. viveka game tema toye mananI saMtati, mATe ene judo karyo, ane pote tribhuvanano pati thayo. phAgaNa jatAM AMbo khIle che, grISmaRtu jatAM nadImAM pUra Ave che, kRSNapakSa pachI caMdranI vRddhi thAya che, sAgaramAM oTa pachI bharatI Ave che, daDo eka vAra paDIne pAcho UchaLe che, kapUra kapUranA ThAmamAM ja paDe che. puNyapasAye bhAvaTha bhAMgI ane paramahaMsa rAjAe rAjya pAchuM prApta karyuM. e paramahaMsa AtmA ja siddhapurIno paMtha batAve che, e ja jIvana che, e ja ziva arthAt kalyANano graMtha che, ane e ja mUla maMtra ane maNi che. jayazekharasUrinI sundara kavitAnAM eka be udAharaNa joIe. prAraMbhamAM ja paramahaMsa rAjAnA aizvaryanuM ojasayukta varNana ApatAM :

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laukika kathA Adi 271 tejavaMta trihu bhuvana majhAri, paramahaMsa naravara avadhAri; jeha japata navi lAgaI pApa, dini dini vAdhaI adhika pratApa. buddhimahodadhi bahu balavaMta, akala ajela anAdi anaMta; kSaNi amaraMgaNi, kSaNi pAtAli, icchA vilasaI te trihu kAli. vAdhiu nITha su tribhuvani mAI, nAnDI kuMthu zarIri samAI; dIpati diNayara-koDihi jisile, jihAM jou tihAM deSa tisiu. eka bhaNaI eha ji arihaMta, eha ji hari huru alakha anaMtu, jima jima jANika tiNi tima kahiu, mana iMdria-bali te navi grahila. kAThi jalaNa jima dharaNihiM 2hu, kusumihi parimaluM gorasi nehu; tilihi telu jema tADhika nIri, tima te nivasaI jagatazarIri. (kaDI 9-12) svayaMvaramAM saMyamazrI vivekane varI e prasaMge thayelA AnaMdotsavanuM varNana karatA dhoLamAMthI thoDIka paMktio : hita dhaula pahiluM thiru vana thira hU e, jaNa dIjaI, bIDAM jUjU e; leI lagana vadhAviluM e, viNa teDA sahUI AvivuM e pravacanapuri ya vadhAmaNAM e, savi bhAjaI jUnAM rUsaNAM e; baIThI tevaDadvaDI e. di pApaDa sAlevaDI vaDI e. gelihiM goraDI e, pakavAne bharii oraDI e; phUlaMke phirai e, vara vayaNi amIrasa nitu jharaI e. kijai maMDapa mokalA e, meliI cAuri cAkulA e; guravi sajana jimIDii e, puri sAda amAri pADii e. (329-32) A racanA vize zrI kezavalAla dhruva ucita rIte lakhe che : "A eka ja gurjara kAvyathI jaina kavi prathama paMktino sAhityakAra bane che. kavinI pratibhA vastunI gUMthaNImAM, pAtranI yojanAmAM ane rUpakanI khilavaNImAM ekasarakhI vijayazALI nIvaDe che. prastAvonuM vaicitra ane rasanI milAvaTane poSe che, ane vega ane saMvidhAnanuM cAturya vAMcanAranuM kautuka chevaTa sudhI TakAvI rAkhe che. jainetara sAhityanI peThe jaina sAhitya cakale cauTe gavAyuM hota to jayazekharasUrie paNa bhAlaNa ane premAnaMdanA jevI prasiddhi lokamAM meLavI hota." ("paMdaramA zatakanAM prAcIna gurjara kAvya prastAvanA, pR. 32-33)

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272 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 rUpakapradhAna kAvyaracanAno pravAha A pachI gujarAtI sAhityamAM acicchinnapaNe cAlu rahyo che. brAhmaNa kavi bhImakRta prabodhaprakAza'(I.1490) e, vivekane haste mohano parAjaya varNavatA kRSNamizranA saMskRta nATaka 'prabodhacaMdrodraya'no gujarAtI padyamAM sArodvAra che. I.1526mAM jaina kavi sahajasundare 'AtmarAja rAsa' racyo che, IsavI sananA sattaramA saikAnA aMtamAM jaina kavio sumatiraMga ane dharmamaMdire lokavivekano rAsa athavA 'prabodhacintAmaNi' nAme kAvyo racyAM che te dekhItI rIte ja jayazekharasUrinI saMskRta 2canAne AdhAre che. premAnaMdakRta vivekavaNajAro,' jinadAsano vyApArI rAsa' (I. 1735) ane jIvarAma bhaTTakRta jIvarAja zeThanI musApharI' (I. 1744) e vANijyamUlaka rUpako che. 3. mAtRkA ane kakka mAtRkA ane kakka e upadezAtmaka kavitAnA prakAra che, ane e teramAM saikA jeTalA jUnA samayamAM saMpUrNa vikasita rUpe maLe che. mAtRkA eTale mULAkSara. mAtRkA-kAvyamAM 'a'thI mAMDI pratyeka mULAkSarathI zarU thatAM eka ke vadhu upadezAtmaka padyo apAya che. mAtRkAmAM chaMda ghaNuMkharuM copAI hoya che, ethI A prakAranA kAvyo 'mAtRkA copAI' paNa kahevAya che. kakka kAvyomAM 'ka'thI mAMDI pratyeka vyaMjanathI zarU thatAM padyo hoya che. kakka ghaNuM kharuM duhAmAM hoya che. A prakAranI racanAomAM sauthI prAcIna upalabdha racanA ajJAta kavikRta mAtRkAcaupaI'. che. je ajJAtanAmA kavie (I.1271)mAM saptakSetrI rAsa' Apyo che tenI ja e kRti hoya ema baMne kRtinAM keTalAMka AMtarika pramANothI jaNAya che. kula 64 kaDInI A racanAmAM maMgalAcaraNa ane samApananI keTalIka kaDIo bAda karatAM, mULAkSarothI zarU thatI upadezapradhAna kavitA kartAe ApI che. jinezvarasUrinA ziSya jga ue I.1275 AsapAsa A ja paddhatie 'samyaktvamAI caupai'11 64 kaDImAM ApI che. ajJAta kavinI 61 kaDInI 'saMvegamAtRkA' I.1294 AsapAsa racAI che, te hajI apragaTa che.12 padmakRta 57 kaDInI duhAmAtRkA' athavA dharmamAtRkA'13 ane 71 kaDIno 'zAlibhadra kakka" e baMne racanAo anumAne I.nA teramAM saikAnI che. emAMthI zAlibhadra kakka'nI vizeSatA e che ke emAM kevaLa upadeza-padyo nathI, paNa jaina saMta zAlibhadranI jIvanakathA kakkA-rUpe varNavI che. vidvaNue ane devasundarasUrinA koI ziSye I.1394 AsapAsa 'kAkabaMdhicaupaI'15 nAmanAM be alaga nAnakaDAM kAvyo racyAM che; e baMneya hajI apragaTa che. A sAhityaprakAronI sarva upalabdha racanAo jainakRta che, paNa eno artha evo nathI ke e prakAranI jainetara racanAo nahi thaI hoya. jainetara racanAo

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laukika kathA Adi 273 hastapratonI vyavasthita saMgopana-paddhatine abhAve sacavAI nathI ema anumAna karavuM ucita che. TheTha arvAcIna kALanA udaya sudhI racAyelA ApaNA jUnA sAhityamAM mAtRkA ane kakka prakAranI jaina ane jainetara kRtio sArA pramANamAM maLe che, e paNa uparyukta anumAnane anumodana Ape che. saMdarbhanoMdha 1. haMsAuli, saMpAdaka - ke. kA. zAstrI, gujarAta vidyAsabhA, amadAvAda, 1945 2. sadayavatsavIprabaMdha saMpAdaka - maMjulAla majamudAra, zrI sAdUla rAjasthAnI risarca insTiTyUTa, bIkAnera, 1961 3. pragaTa : "gurjara rAsAvalImAM, gAyakavADjha orijeTala sirIjha, naM. 118, prApya vidyAmandira, vaDodarA, 1956 (saMpAdako - ba. ka. ThAkora, mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI ane madhusUdana modI) vastupAlarAsa, saMpAdaka - bhogIlAla sAMDesarA "svAdhyAya' taimAsika, pR.1, aMka:1; okaTobara 1963. juo e ja. prAcIna gurjara kAvyasaMgrahamAM mudrita (gAyakavADjha oriyenTala sirIjha, naM.13, vaDodarA, 1920. saMpAdaka-zrI cimanalAla DI. dalAla) 'aitihAsika jaina kAvyasaMgrahamAM mudrita (saMpAdako - zrI. agaracaMda nAhaTA, bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, kalakattA, saM. 1994, I. 1938. ! phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA saimAsika - julAI-sapTembara 1936 (saMpAdaka: bhogIlAla sAMDesarA)mAM mudrita 8. tribhuvanadIpakaprabaMdha saMpAdaka lAlacaMda bhagavAnadAsa gAMdhI, - abhayacaMda bhagavAnadAsa gAMdhI, bhAvanagara, saM. 1977 (I. 1921). thoDoka saMkSepa karIne A kAvya kezavalAla dhruve prabodhacintAmaNi' e nAmathI paMdaramA zatakanAM prAcIna gurjara kAvyamAM chapAvyuM che gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTI, amadAvAda, 1927). mAtRkAcaupaI prAcIna gurjara kAvyasaMgraha,' pR. 74-78 11. e ja, pR. 78-82 12. juo pATaNa graMthabhaMDAranI sUci.bhAga 1 (gAyakavADjha oriyenTala sirIjha, 10

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274 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 13. 14. 15. naM. 76, vaDodarA, 1937), pR. 190 dharmamAtRkA prAcIna gurjara kAvyasaMgraha,' pR.6 7-71 zAlibhadrakakkaH e ja, pR. 62-67 jaina gUrjara kavio,' bhAga 1, pR 19-20 n

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8 gadya bhogIlAla sAMDesarA jUnA gujarAtI sAhityamAM gadya lakhANo aNachatAM ke virala hatAM evo eka sAmAnya khyAla keTalAka samaya pahelAM pravartato hato, paNa jUnA sAhityanI zodha thatI jAya che tema tema e khyAla pramANapuraHsara nahoto e nizcita thAya che. TheTha IsavI sananA teramA zatakathI mAMDI jUnI gujarAtImAM (athavA DaoN. tessitorie pracalita karelo zabda vAparIe to jUnI pazcima rAjasthAnImAM athavA zrI umAzaMkara jozIe sUcavelo subhaga zabda prayojIe to, mAru-gurjara bhASAmAM) gadyasAhitya maLe che ane enuM vaipulya uttarottara vadhatuM jAya che. gadya arvAcIna kALamAM sAhityanA aneka prakAronuM vAhana banyuM che evuM joke e samayamAM nahotuM, gadyanuM prayogakSetra sImita hatuM, to paNa e sImita kSetramAM ye thoDAMka alaga alaga rUpo maLe che. saMskRta ane prAkRta graMthonA anuvAdarUpa bAlAvabodho; prAsayukta gadya 'bolI'mAM racAyelAM 'pRthvIcandracarita' (I.1422) jevAM gadyakAvyo ke sabhAzRMgAra' Adi varNakasaMgraho; ajJAtakartRka 'kAlakAcAryakathA' (I.1494 AsapAsa)' jevI kvacit alaMkArapracura ane kvacit sahelA rasaLatA gadyamAM racAyelI kathAo ane kAdaMbarI kathAnaka' (I.nA 17mA zatakano uttarArdha) jevA saraLa kathAsaMkSepo; dArzanika carcAo, vAda-vivAdo ane praznottarIo; auktika tarIke oLakhAtA, gujarAtI dvArA saMskRta zIkhavA mATenA saMkhyAbaMdha vyAkaraNagraMtho e jUnA gujarAtI sAhityanA prApta vividha prakAro che. upalabdha jUnuM gujarAtI gadyasAhitya eTaluM vipula che ke enuM prakAzana karavAmAM Ave to, 'bRhatkAvyadohana'nA suprasiddha graMtho jevaDA ochAmAM ochA so graMtho to saheje thAya. jo ke judAjudA graMthabhaMDAro ane saMgrahomAM je gadyasAhitya mArA jovAmAM AvyuM che te vize vicAratAM mane lAge che ke A vidhAnamAM saMbhava atyuktino nahi, alpoktino che. ApaNA abhyAsapAtra kAlakhaMDamAM upalabdha gadyagraMthonuM have vihaMgAvalokana -

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276 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 karIe. evA graMthone mukhyatve traNa bhAgamAM vaheMcI zakAya : bAlAvabodha, varNaka ane auktika. 1. bAlAvabodha bAla' eTale vayamAM nahi, paNa samaja ke jJAnamAM bAla; enA 'avabodha' mATe thayelI racanAo te bAlAvabodha'. gujarAtImAM jUnAmAM jUnuM gadyasAhitya jaina zAstragraMthomAM bAlAvabodha rUpe che. bAlAvabodha Ama jo ke jaina sAhityano zabda che, paNa eno artha saheja vistArIne 'bhAgavata', 'bhagavadgItA', 'gItagovinda', 'cANakyanItizAstra', 'yogavAsiSTha,' 'siMhAsanabatrIsI', 'paMcAkhyAna','gaNitasA2' Adi je bIjI anuvAdarUpa racanAo maLe che te mATe paNa sAhityanA itihAsamAM e zabda prayojI zakAya, kema ke A badhA gadyAnuvAdono uddeza eka ja che. bAlavabodhamAM keTalIka vAra mULa graMthanuM bhASAntara hoya che, to keTalIka vAra dRSTAntakathAo ke avAntara carcAo dvArA mULano anekagaNo vistAra karelo hoya che. paNa bAlAvabodhano eka uttarakAlIna prakAra stabaka' athavA 'TabA' rUpe oLakhAya che. temAM mAtra zabdazaH bhASAntara ja hoya che. emAM 'stabaka'nI pothIonI lekhanapaddhati kAraNabhUta che. bAlAvabodhanA vAcako karatAM paNa jemanuM zAstrajJAna ke bhASAjJAna maryAdita hoya tevA vAcakone dhyAnamAM rAkhIne 'stabaka'nI racanA thayelI che. emAM pothInA pratyeka pRSTha upara zAstragraMthanI traNa ke cAra paMkti moTA akSaromAM lakhavAmAM AvatI ane pratyeka paMktinI nIce jhINA akSaramAM gujarAtImAM eno artha lakhavAmAM Avato, jethI vAcakane pratyeka zabdano bhAva samajavAmAM saraLatA thAya. A prakAranI lekhanapaddhatine kAraNe pratyeka pRSTha upara nAnA ane moTA akSaromAM lakhAyelI paMktionAM jANe ke 'stabaka' jhUmakhAM - racAyAM hoya ema jaNAtuM. e u52thI A prakAranA anuvAda mATe 'stabaka' zabda vaparAyo, jemAMthI gujarAtI 'Tabo' vyutpanna thayo. bAlAvabodhanA kartAo potAnA viSayanA jANakAra vidvAno hatA e kAraNe emanA anuvAdo ziSTa hoya che ane zabdonI pasaMdagI mULane anusaratI tathA samucita arthanI vAhaka hoya che. emano prathama uddeza sAhityika AnaMda ApavAno nahi, paNa vAcakane mULa graMthanA viSaya-vastunuM jJAna karAvavAno hoya che, chatAM aneka graMthomAM sAhityika vArtAlApa-zailI ke alaMkArapracura varNakazailInI eMdhANIo varatAya che. jUnA gujarAtI sAhityamAM bAlAvabodha pAMca-pacIsa nahi, paNa kuDIbaMdha che, ane saMskRta-prAkRta bhASAomAM saMgharAyelA zAstrajJAnane lokabhASAo dvAra bahujanasamAja samakSa saraLa svarUpamAM mUkavAnI je pravRtti. madhya kALamAM samasta bhAratavarSamAM najare

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gadya 277 paDe che te ja A bAlAvabodhonI bahoLI anuvAdapravRttimAM cAlaka baLarUpe che ema kahevAmAM bhAgye ja atyukti gaNAze. rUpadRSTi temaja arthadRSTie bhASAvikAsanA abhyAsa mATe bAlAvabodhasameta jUnuM gadyasAhitya bahumUlya sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. I. 1274mAM AzApallImAM lakhAyela ArAdhanA upalabdha gadyakRtiomAM sauthI jUnI che. saraLa ane sAthosAtha saMskRtamaya gadyano eka namUno emAM jovA maLe che : samyaktvapratipatti karahu, arihaMtu devatA susAdhu guru jinapraNIta dharmo samyaktvadeDaku uccarahu, sAgAatyAkhyAnuM UcarahuM, caUhu saraNi paisarahu. paramezvara arahaMtasaraNi sakalakarmanirmuktasiddhasaraNi saMsAraparivArasamuttaraNayAnapAtramahAsattvasAdhusaraNi sakalapApapaTalakavalanakalAkalitu kevalipraNItu dhammasaraNi siddha saMghagaNa kevali zrata AcArya upAdhyAya sarvasAdhu pratiNI zrAvaka zrAvikA Iha ja kAI AzAtanA kI hutI tAha micchA mi dukkaDaM. I.1284nA arasAmAM lakhAyelA jaNAtA "aticAramAMthI* kAlavelA paDhaya, vinayahINa bahumAnahINu upadhAnahINu gurunihara anerA kahaI paDyuM, anerazuM kahaI vyaMjanakUDu arthakUDu tadubhayakUDa kUDau aphakharu kAna mAtri Agalau ochau devaMdaNavAMdaNa) paDikkamaI sajhAu karatAM paDhatAM guNatAM huu hui, arthakUDu kahaI huI, sUvuM artha beu kUDAM kahyAM hui, jJAnopakaraNa pATI pothI kamalI sAMpurDa sAMpuDI AzAtana pazu lAgau thuMku lAgau paDhatAM praaSa maccharu aMtarAIu hau kIdhau huI, tathA jJAnadravyu bhakSita upekSita prajJAparAdhi viNAmya viNAsitauM . uvekhyuM huMtI sakti sAra saMbhAla na kIdhiyaI, anera) jJAnAcAriu koi atIcAru huu sUkSma bAdaru mani vacani kAI pakSadivasamAhi teha savahi micchA mi dukkaDa. I. 1302mAM lakhAyeluM eka sarvatIrtha namaskAra stavana bAlAvabodha" paNa che. vaLI e ja arasAmAM lakhAyelA "navakAravyAkhyAnamAMthI thoDo namUno joIe: namo rihaMtAII II | mAharau namaskAra arihaMta hala. kisA ji arihaMta, rAgeSarUpiA ari vAri jehi haNiyA, athavA catuSaSTi iMdrasaMbaMdhinI pUjA mahimA arihaI; ji utpanna divya vimala , kevalajJAna, cautrIsa atizayi samanvita, aSTamahAprAtihAryazobhAyamAna mahAvidehi khetri viharamAna tIha arihaMta bhagavaMta mAharau namaskAru ha8.

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278 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 vivaraNo kema lakhAtAM eno eka sAro namUno ahIM jovA maLe che. pachInA samayanAM aneka vivaraNo ane bhASAntaromAM e paddhati vyApaka che. e khaMDAnvayapaddhati che, jemAM mukhya vAkya ke vidhAna rajU karyA pachI, judAjudA prazno karI enA spIkaraNarUpe vivaraNa thatuM. paNa A sarva atisaMkSipta gadyakRtio che. sudIrgha ane vyavasthita gadyaracanA ApaNane prathamavAra taruNaprabhasUrinA "paDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha' I.1355)mAM maLe che. A vistRta racanA batAve che ke enI pUrve gujarAtI gadyanuM kheDANa sArA pramANamAM thayuM hovuM joIe. dhArmika viSayonA udAharaNarUpe kartAe emAM nAnImoTI aneka kathAo ApI che. emAMnI eka saMkSipta kathA ahIM joIe : kAzyapu nAvI teharahaI kiNihiM vidyAdhari tUThaiM hUtamAM vidyA dIdhI. tehanaI prabhAvi tehanI bhAMDI AkAzi thikI teha sarasI cAlaI. aneraIM divasi dagasUkaru-bhaNiyaI brAhmaNa tiNi dIThI. tau tiNi brAhmaNi tehanI sevA kIdhI. vidyA teha kanhA brAhmaNi lIdhI. vidyaprabhAvi tehanI dhoyatI AkAzi thikI teha sarasI cAlaI. tau loku AgeI brAhmaNa rahaI bhakti karatala, tela AzcaryuM dekhI karI ghaNerauM teha brAhmaNa rahaI bhakti pUjA satkAra bahumAna karivA lAgI. isI pari brAhmaNa kAzyapanI vidyA karI zrI prApta hUyau. aneraI divasa ane raI kiNihiM pUchiu su brAhmaNa - bhagavana! mahaMtu tumhArau prabhAvuM, su tapa taNau prabhAvu kiMvA vidyA taNau prabhAvu?" brAhmaNa bhAI 'vidyA taNau prabhAvu euM.' 'e vidyA kihAhutI lAdhI?' viSNu bhaNaI 'himavaMta giri vartamAna guruvaI gari tusI karI ApI." isA kathana samakAlihiM ji AkAzi hUtI dhotI bhUmi paDI. pAchaI su brAhmaNa laghutAprApta huI. zrIdharAcAryata saMskRta gaNitasArano brAhmaNa rAjakIrsimizrAkRta bAlAvabodha I.1393mAM racAyo che. tatkAlIna ane pUrvakAlIna gujarAtanAM tola mApa ane nANAM vize e sArI mAhitI Ape che ane pATaNanA eka moDha vaNika kuTuMbanAM bALakone e viSayanuM jJAna ApavA mATe enI racanA thaI che e noMdhapAtra che. enA prAraMbhika maMgalAcaraNanuM prauDha saMskRtamaya gadya maLe che : zivu bhaNaI devAdhidevu bhaTTAraku mahezvaru, kizuM ju paramezvara, kailAsaziSaramaMDanuM. pArvatIhRdayaramaNa, vizvanAtha jirNa vizva nIpajAviuM, tasu namaskAra karIu bAlAvabodhanArtha, bAla bhaNIzuM

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gadha 279 ajJAna tIha kihiM avabodha jANivA taNaI arthi AtmIyalazovRddhayartha zreyaskaraNArtha zrIdharAcAryuM gaNita prakaTIkRta. zrAvakavratAdi aticAra'nuM sAduM gadya I. 1410mAM lakhAyeluM maLyuM che. IsavI sananA caudamA zatakanA uttarArdhamAM ane paMdaramAnA pUrvArdhamAM thayelA tapAgacchanA AcArya somasundarasUri (I.1374-1443) prakAMDa paMDita hovA sAthe eka ziSTa graMthakAra hatA. emaNe aneka saMskRta graMtho ane gujarAtI kAvyo uparAMta 'upadezamAlA (I.1429), SaDAvazyaka', yogazAstra', 'ArAdhanApatAkA', "navatattva', bhaktAmarastotra', "SaSTizataka prakaraNa11 Adi upara bAlAvabodho ApyA che. kharataragacchanI pippalaka zAkhAnA AcArya jinasAgarasUrie saM.1501 (I.1445)mAM "SaSTizataka' upara bAlAvabodha racyo che. "SaSTizataka' uparAMta bIjA aneka zAstrIya graMtho upara upAdhyAya merusundaranA vizada bAlAvabodho ApaNA abhyAsapAtra kAlakhaMDa pachI turatamAM racAyA hoI enI maryAdAmAM AvatA nathI. somasundarasasUrinA yogazAstra' bAlAvabodhamAMnI eka saMkSipta kathA emanI saraLa paNa rasaprada gadyazailInA udAharaNa tarIke jovA jevI che : AgaI ekaI gAmi bi bhAI huMtA. pahili meghanI vRSTii eka bhAI nadItaI tIri kASThAdika kADhivA giu. isiI pUra vahI giuM chaI nadInAM taTi sonIyA bhari kaDAhi dIThI. te leI kAma kharaDiyA bhaNI nivaraI kaha mAhi dhovA lAgau. tetalaI te hAtha hUtI vichUTI. drahamAMhi paDI. tehanI mUchazuM karI pelI gahilau thiI. imaI ji kahaI 'AhAM dhotAM gaI gaI." pAchau dhari Avila. ji ko bolAvaI teha hUI dhotAM gaI gaI Ima ji kahaI. pachaI sage te oraDI mAhi dhAtI ketalAI dihADA bhUSiu rASiu. bhUkha zuM karI te gahilapaNa9 giuM. vaDA bhAI Agali sonaIA bharI kaDAhInau vRttAMta kahiu. tehaCI te vAta sAMbhaLatAM mohaI karI gahilapahaluM thi7. ima ji kahaI taIM kAMI dhoI? ji ko bolAvaI teha Agali Ima ji kahaI "taI kAMI dhoMI?" pachaI sage te hU oraDI mAMhi dhAtI bhUSaI sUkavi8. tehaInau gahilapaNa9 ima gamiuM. ima jIva aNachatAMThe vastaIM mohaI karI gahilau thAI pachaiM marI durgatiI jAI. moTe bhAge zabdArtha ane prasaMgopAtta bhAvArtha samajAvatA SaSTizataka' uparanA jinasAgarasUrinA bAlAvabodhamAMthI eka gAthAnuM vivaraNa joIe :

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280 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 suddhe magge jAyA suheNa gacchaMti suddhamaggammi / je puNa amaggajAyA magge gacchaMti taM cujja / / 83 / / suddhaI nirmalaI mArgi jAta upanA dvi jAta je huiM te sukhiIM samAdhiIM bhalI parizuM zuddhaI ni:pApa mArgei gajhaMti cAlaI te Azcarya nahI. bhalA anaI bhUlaI mArgi hIMDache. jema rohaNAcali ratnanauM Azcarya nahI, ji laMkAI sonA hovAnA Azcarya nahIM, puNa je amArgajAta trijAI huI te mArgi mArgei jaI cAlauM tau te Azcarya. jima ukaraDI mATe ratna Upanau hUMtau Azcarya bhaNI hui. 2. varNaka ane bolI jUnA gujarAtI sAhityamAM gadyanA je vividha prakAro maLe che temAM "varNaka eka viziSTa prakAra che. "varNaka' eTale koI paNa viSayanA varNananI paraMparAthI lagabhaga nizcita thayelI eka dhATI. anuprAsamaya padyAnukArI gadya bolImAM ghaNuMkharuM varNakonI racanA thaI che. kathAkAro ane pravacanakAro zrotAonA manoraMjana ane udbodhana arthe AvA varzakono upayoga karatA hatA ane hajI kare che. prAcIna bhAratIya sAhityapraNAlimAM - saMskRta, pAli temaja prAkRtamAM varNakanI paripATInAM mULa zodhI zakAya ema che. pAli sAhityamAM peTyAla' ane jaina AgamanasAhityamAM nirdiSTa vaSNuo' (jemanuM saMpUrNa avataraNa aupapAtikasUtramAM apAyuM che ane anya sUtromAM kevaLa nirdeza paryApta gaNAyo che.) e varNakanuM pUrvarUpa ja che. - I.1422mAM pAlanapuramAM racAyela, mANikyasundarasUrikRta pRthvIcandracarita eka nAnakaDI kathAnI AsapAsa gUMthAyelo varNakasaMgraha che. paiThaNano rAjA pRthvIcaMdra ayodhyAnA rAjA somadevanI putrI ratnamaMjarIne paraNe che. keTalAka samaya pachI tIrthaMkara dharmanAthanI dezanA sAMbhaLI, potAnA putra mahIdharane rAjagAdI soMpI rAjA dIkSA le che. ATalA svalpa kathAvastune AdhAre eka gadyakAvya rajU karIne kartAe pRthvIcandracarita'nuM "vAgvilAsa' evuM aparanAma sArthaka karyuM che. prAraMbhamAM ja zabdAlaMkRta zailImAM mANikyasundare puNyano mahimA gAyo che te jovAthI A anuprAsamaya lekhanapaddhatino tarata khyAla AvI zakaze : puNya lagaI pRthvIpIThi prasiddhi, puNya lagaI manavAMchita siddhi; puNya lagaI nirmala buddhi, puNya lagaI Rddhi vRddhi; puNya lagaI zarIra nIroga, puNya lagaI abhaMgura bhoga, puNya lagaI kuTuMba parivAra taNA saMyoga; puNya lagaI palANIya taraMga, puSya lagaI

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gadya 281 navanavA raMga; puNya lagaI dhari gajaghaTA, cAlatAM dIjaI caMdana chaTA; puNya lagaI nirupama rU5, alakSya svarUpa; puNya lagaI vasivA pradhAna AvAsa, turaMgama taNI lAsa, pUjaI mana cIMtavI Asa; puNya lagaI AnaMdadAyinI mUrti, adbhuta skUrti, puNya lagaI bhalA AhAra, abhuta zRMgAra; puNya lagaI sarvatra bahumAna, ghaNuM kicuM kahIyAM, pAmIyAM kevalajJAna. dvIpa, kSetra, nagara, rAjasabhA, nAyaka-nAyikA, Rtu, vana, caturaMga senA-hAthI, ghoDA, ratha, padAti, ghora, aTavI, yuddha, sAmaiyuM, svayaMvara, lagnotsava, bhojanasamAraMbha, svapna, jJAtibhedo AdinAM AlaMkArika chatAM prAsAdika varNanothI AkhIye racanA saMbhUta che. emAMthI varSARtunuM varNana udAharaNa tarIke joIe : isiI avasari Aviu ASADha, Itara guNi saMbADha; kATaiyaI loha, dhAma taNau niroha; chAsi khATI, pANI vIyAI mATI; vistariu varSAkAla, je paMthI tANuu kAla, nAThau dukAlasa; jINaI varSAkAli madhura dhvani meha gAjai, durbhikSa taNA bhaya bhAI, jANe subhikSa bhUpati AvatAM jayaDhakkA vAjaI; cihuM disi vIja jhalahalaI, paMthI ghara bhaNI pulaI; viparIta AkAza, caMdra-sUrya pAriyAsa; rAti aMdhArI, lavaI timirI; uttaranau UnayaNa, chAyau gayaNa; disi ghora, nAcaIM mora, sadhara, varasaI dhArAdhara; pANI taNA pravAha palahalaI, vADaji Upari velA valaI, cIkhali cAlatAM zakaTa alaI, loka taNAM mana dharma Upari valai, nadI mahApUri AvaI, pRthvIpITha plAvaOM; navAM kisalaya gahagahaiM; vallIvitAna lahalahaIM; kuTuMbI loka mAcaI, mahAtmA baIThAM pustaka vAMcaI; parvatatI nIjharaNa vichUTaMI, bhariyAM sarovara phUTaiM. svayaMvaramaMDapanuM saMkSipta varNana juo : tetalaI sUtrahAre svayaMvaramaMDapa nIpAyu, pAyaNine pAne chAyuM; kapUra kastUrI mahamahaI, Upari dhvaja lahalahaIM; caMdraA taNI vicitrAI, pUtalI taNI kAvilAIH thaMbhakuMbhI taNA manohara ghATa, paThaI bhATa; ratnamAM toraNa naI motIsari, alaMkAriu kusuma taNe prakari, vAritra vAjaI, mAMgalikya gIta chAjaiM; ArIsA jhalakaiM, cAlatAM strInA neura khalakaIM. isiI maMDapi rAyayogya mAMDyAM nAmAMkita siMhAsaNa, mAgaNahAranaIM pazi pagi dIjaI vAsaNa.

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282 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 A prakAranI racanAonI sAhityika pUrvaparaMparA hovI joIe. 'pRthvIcandracarita'thI thoDAMka varSa pUrve racAyelA, jayazekha2sUrinA 'tribhuvanadIpakaprabandha'mAM 'bolI'nA be prayoga che; emAMno eka. : tivAra pUrTi mokalAviu svAmI, svAmI taNau Ayasa pAmI; cAliu viveku rAu, vistariu vizvi bhaDavAu, tattvaciMtana-paTTahasti hUMu AsaNi, nivRtti sumati beu cAlyAM jujue sukhAsaNi; pIyANai pIyANai vAdhai parivAra, je ji kAMI prArthai teha raIM hai te vastunu dAna anivAra; tattvakathA traMba drahakaIM, dhaja alaMba lahalahaIM, sAdhu taNAM hRdaya gahagahaiM; duSTa doSI taNauM dATaNa, pAmi puNyaraMga pATaNa. yazekharasUrinI prarkINa gujarAtI racanAonI eka saMgrahapothImAMthI bolImaya traNa 'zloka' salAko maLyA che, temAM eka zrIRSabhadeva-neminAtha zloka' che. 18 aho zyAlaka! jima grahamAhi caMdru, suravRMdamAhi iMdu, maMtrAkSaramAhi oMkAra dharmamAhi paropakAra, nadImAhi gaMgA, mahAsatImAhi sItA, maMtramAhi paMcaparameSThi namaskAru, dAyikamAhi ubhaya dAtAru, guruu tima tIrthaM sivilTuMmAhi siddha kSetru, zrI zatruMjaya nAma parvatuM; teha Upari zrInAbhirAyA taNA kulanaIM avataMsu, mAtA marudevAkukSisavasarova2AjahaMsu, tetrIsa koTi devatA taNau deharAsaru caMdramaMDala taNI pira manoharu, suvarNavarNi rAjamAnu, vRSabhalAMcchani AhArai mani zrIyugAdidevatA vasai; anai yAdavakulazRMgAra, samagra jIvanai rakSAkAru, saubhAgyasundaru, mahimAmaMdiru, UnayA meghu samAnu vAni, pAmIi saMpada jehanaIM dhyAni sa paramesaru zrIraivatAdri bhaNIi girinAru tIrthaM tehanai zikhara mukuTAyamAnu zrIneminAtha devatA varNavIi.' chaMdobaddha racanAomAM vacce bolI-yukta gadya mUkavAnI rUDhi pachInA samayamAM paNa cAlu rahI hatI. IsavI sananA paMdaramA zatakanA pUrvArdhamAM racAyela hIrANaMdakRta 'vastupAlarAsa' ane uttarArdhamAM racAyelAM narapatikRta 'paMcadaMDa', vIrasiMhakRta 'uSAharaNa' Adi kAvyomAM tathA e pachInI paNa keTalIka kRtiomAM A sAhityika praghAta najare paDe che. 'varNaka-samuccaya'mAM9 saMkalita varNako IsavI sananA paMdaramA zatakanA uttarArdha pachInA jaNAya che, paNa A moTe bhAge paraMparAprApta racanAo hoI eonI paripATI

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gadya 283 ane sAhityika sAmagrI solaMkIyugane sparza karatI mAnavI e vadhAre paDatuM nathI. anya bhaginIbhASAonI prakAzita racanAomAM mAtra jUnI maithilI bhASAmAM anumAne caudamA saikAmAM racAyela jyotirIzvara kavizekharakRta varNaratnAkara'nI tulanA ApaNA varNako sAthe karI zakAya ema che. 3. auktika auktika eTale ukti athavA bhASA vizenI racanA. gujarAtInA mAdhyama dvArA saMskRta vyAkaraNa zIkhavavA mATe taiyAra thayelI kRtione auktika kahe che. auktikanA mULa kartAone mana gujarAtI bhASA eka sAdhanathI vizeSa nathI, paNa Adhunika abhyAsIne to auktiko khUba upayogI che, kemake bhASAnI vyAkaraNa-viSayaka lAkSaNikatAonuM e nirUpaNa kare che. pratyeka auktikamAM ghaNuMkharuM eka nAno zabdakoza hoya che (jo ke emAM zabdo akArAdi krame goThavelA hotA nathI), ane ethI bhASAnA zabdabhaMDoLa temaja zabdonA arthavikAsanA abhyAsa mATe auktiko bahumUlya sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. zrImAlavaMzIya Thakkara kUrasiMhanA putra saMgrAmasiMhakRta bAlazikSA' (I.128001 sauthI prAcIna upalabdha auktika che. e vakhatanI gujarAtI bhASA dvArA saMskRta kAtaMtra' vyAkaraNanuM jJAna thavA mATe bAlazikSA' racAyela che. bAramA saikAmAM siddhahema' vyAkaraNa racAyuM tyAra pahelAM gujarAtamAM sarvatra "kAtaMtra' vyAkaraNano pracAra hato ane e pachI paNa eno prabhAva ThIka samaya sudhI cAlu rahyo hato. saMjJApakrama, saMdhiprakrama, svAdiprakrama, kArakaprakrama, samAsa prakrama, anyoktivijJAnaprakrama, saMskAAkrama ane tyAdiprakrama e pramANe ATha pakramomAM "bAlazikSA' vaheMcAyela che. gujarAtamAM muslima sattAnI sthApanA thaII. 1304) tenAthI pacIsa varSa pUrve gujarAtI bhASAnuM svarUpa kevuM hatuM enA upara A graMtha prakAza pADe che. e pachI, I.nA caudamA saikAnA pUrvArdhamAM koI bhaTTAraka somaprabhasUrikRta auktika' tathA e ja arasAmAM devabhadranA ziSya tilakata "autika maLe che. baMne apragaTa che. 22 kulamaMDanagaNikRta mugdhAvabodha auktika' (I.1394) evA samaye racAyuM che ke gujarAtI bhASAnA itihAsamAM eka sImAcihna banI rahe che. ajJAtakartika "SakAraka"nI racanA paNa e arasAmAM thaI che. devasudarasUrinA ziSya guNaratnasUrie I.1410mAM 'kriyAratnasamuccaya" nAme dhAtukoza racyo che, ane emAM tatkAlIna bhASAmAM kriyAprayoga kema thatA enAM udAharaNa ApyAM che. I.1428mAM koI ajJAta brAhmaNa lekhakanuM uktiyakam ja eka vistRta ane vizada

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284 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 auktika che. IsavI sananI sattaramI sadInA AraMbhanuM sAdhusundaragaNita uktiratnAkara auktikaracanAnI A paraMparAnA sAtatyano eka suMdara namUno che. A pradezanI bhASA zuddha gujarAtIrUpe sthira vikAsa pAmatI hatI te samaye A badhAM auktika racAyelAM hoI bhASAvikAsanA abhyAsa mATe emanuM mahattva bhAgye samajAvavuM paDe che. jUnI gujarAtIno eka nAnakaDo sArtha zabdakoza kevaLa auktikone AdhAre ja taiyAra karI zakAya ema che. A pachInA samayamAM paNa nAnAMmoTAM aneka auktiko racAtAM rahyAM che, kema ke auktiko dvArA saMskRtanA adhyayanamAM saraLa praveza thaI zakato hato, ane jemane ucca vidyAnI sAdhanA karavI hatI athavA vidagdha sAhityika samAjamAM sthAna meLavavuM hatuM athavA dhArmika ane dArzanika abhyAsa viziSTa rIte karavo hato temane mATe saMskRtanI anivArya AvazyakatA hatI. saMdarbhanoMdha 1. mudrita saMpA. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, prasthAna', phAgaNa-caitra, saM. 1988 (I.1932) 2. mukita : saMpA-AcArya jinavijayajI, purAtattva', pustaka 5, aMka 4 3. mudrita : prAcIna gUrjara kAvyasaMgraha', pR. 86-87; prAcIna gujarAtI gadyasandarbha (saMpA. jinavijayajI), pR. 218-19 mudrita : prAgUkAsaMgraha, pR. 87-88 5. mudrita : prAgUkAsaMgraha, pR. 88-89, prAgugadyasaMdarbha pR. 219 mudrita : prAgUkAsaMgraha, pR. 89-90, prAgugadyasaMdarbha pR. 219-221 emAMthI chapAyelI 23 kathAo mATe juo prAgugadyasaMdarbha, pR. 1-59 8. e ja, pR. 54 mudrita : saMpA. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA (juo bAramA gujarAtI sAhitya saMmelanamAM nibaMdha "madhyakAlIna gujarAtanAM tola, mApa ane nANAM viSe keTalIka mAhitI. vaLI gaul Weights, Measures and Coinage of Mediaeval Gujarat, Journal of the Numismatic Society of India, December 1946 10. prAgugadyasaMdarbha pR. 606 6

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gadha 285 11. upadezamAlA' ane yogazAstranA bAlAvabodhomAMnI kathAo mATe juo prAcIna gujarAtI gadyasaMdarbhanAM pR. 6 7-126. SaSTizataka' uparanA somasundarasUri, jinasAgarasUri ane merusudaranA bAlAvabodho bhogIlAla sAMDesarAe eka sAthe saMpAdita karyA che (prAcIna gUrjara graMthamAlA, graMtha 1, vaDodarA, 1953) "prAgugadyasaMdarbha pR. 99 SaSTizataka prakaraNa', traNa bAlAvabodho sahita, pR. 84-85 prAgUkAvyasaMgraha', pR.92-130; prAgugadyasaMdarbha', pR.127-60 13. 15. prAgUkAvyasaMgraha', pR. 100 16. e ja, pR. 111 17. 'tribhuvanadIpakaprabandha', pR. 15. bIjA prayoga mATe juo pR. 43 18. "cUnIlAla gAMdhI vidyAbhavana vArSika, ogasTa 1961-62mAM bhogIlAla sAMDesarAno lekha "jayazekharasUrikRta traNa zloka.' 19, saMpA. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA (prAcIna gurjara graMthamAlA, graMtha 4, vaDodarA, 1956) 20. saMpA. sunItikumAra ceTarajI ane paM. babuA mizra, kalakattA, 1940 21. bAlazikSAno prathama paricaya paM. lAlacaMda gAMdhIe purAtattvapu.3, aMkaH1)mAM Apyo hato. salameranA bhaMDAramAM sacavAyelI hastaprata uparathI enuM saMpAdana AcArya jinavijayajIe karyuM che. (rAjasthAna purAtana graMthamAlA, graMtha 3, jodhapura, 196 2) 22. enI noMdha mATe juo pAMcamI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadamAM pATaNanA bhaMDAra vizeno cimanalAla dalAlano lekha, pR. 36 -37 23. gujarAta vidyAsabhAnA saMgrahamAMnI saM. 1490 I.1434)nI hastaprata uparathI enuM saMpAdana hari harSada dhruve karyuM hatuM. bIjI aneka pratono AdhAra laI emAMthI upayogI vibhAgonuM saMkalana jinavijayajIe prAcIna gujarAtI gadyasaMdarbha pR.172-80)mAM ApyuM che. 24. juo cimanalAla dalAlano uparyukta lekha, pR. 37. 25. mudrita : yazovijayajI jaina pAThazALA dvArA, banArasa, 1908 26. A kRtinA saMkSipta paricaya mATe juo 'sAhityamAsika, me 1932mAM bhogIlAla

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286 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 sAMDesarAno lekha jUnI gujarAtI bhASAmAM eka TUMkI samAsazikSA.' 27. mudrita : jinavijayajI (rAjasthAna purAtana graMthamAlA, graMtha 16, jayapura,1957 n D D

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saMdarbhagraMtha-sUci prakaraNa : 1 gujarAtanuM ghaDatara desAI, mohanalAla, jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, 1933 parIkha, rasikalAla cho. ane hariprasAda zAstrI, (saMpA), gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa graMtha 1 ane 2, 1972 ZW : Parikh, R. C., Kavyanusasana vol. II. Introduction, 4636 49HELP : Majmudar, A. K., Thie chaulukyas of Gujarat, 9646 munazI, kanaiyAlAla, (saMpA.) gujarAtanI kIrtigAthAM,1952 zAstrI, durgAzaMkara, gujarAtano madhyakAlIna rAjapUta itihAsa bhAga 1-2,(zodhita vardhita saMskaraNa), 1953 zAstrI, hariprasAda, gujarAtano prAcIna itihAsa, 1964 - maitrakakAlIna gujarAta bhAga 1-2, 1955 sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla, mahAmAtya vastupAlanuM sAhityamaMDaLa tathA saMskRta sAhityamAM teno phALo, 1957 prakaraNa : 2 gujarAtI bhASAno kuLakrama $: Katre, S. M., Prakrit Languages and their contri bution to Indian Culture, 9684 ceTarajI , sunItikumAra, rAjasthAnI bhASA (hiMdI), 1949 222 : Chatterjee, S. K., Origin and Development of Bengali langage' bIjI AvRtti), 1970 dave : Dave, T. N, The Language of Gujarat, 1948, 1964 Galis : Bloch, Jules, Indo-Aryan (translated by Alfred Master), 196 5. bhAyANI, harivallabha, apabhraMza vyAkaraNa, 1971; - anusaMdhAna, 1973;

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288 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 - maitrakAlIna gujarAtanI sAhitya bhASAo', 'gujarAta' dIpotsavI aMka, vi. saM. 2007 (I. 1951); - Middle-Indo-Aryan Groups of consonants with unassimitated -r-', Annals of B. O. R. I. vol. 31, 1951. Woolner, A. G., Asoka Text and Glossary, 9628 prakaraNa : 3 gujarAtI bhASAnAM vidhAyaka paribaLo paMDita, prabodha, gujarAtI bhASAnuM dhvanisvarUpa ane dhvaniparivartana, 196 6 Gails : Bloch, Jules, La Forination de la langue Marathe, 9620 (marAThI anuvAda : vA. go. parAMjape, "marAThI bhASe cA vikAsa' 1941). - Indo-Aryen du Veda aux temps Modernes, 9638. (aMgrejI anu. : AphreDa mAsTara, "Indo-Aryan - from the Vedas to Modern Times' 1965 2012 : Turner, Ralph, A Comparative And Etymological Dictionary of the Nepali Language, 9639 - A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, 9688 -"Gujarati Phonology', Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1921 prakaraNa : 4 sAhityika pUrvaparaMparA kApaDiyA, hIrAlAla 2, jaina saMskRta sAhityano ItihAsa, 1956 jaina, jagadIzacaMdra, prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa (hiMdI), 196 1 desAI, mohanalAla da, jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, 1933 bhAyANI, harivallabha, zodha ane svAdhyAya, 196 5; - anusaMdhAna, 1972 mahetA, mohanalAla ane dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, (hiMdI),... 4421 : Munshi, K. M., Gujarat and Its Literature Part I, 9648. 2415152 : Velankar, H. D., Clhandonusasan (by Hemachandra),9689 2132421 : Sandesara, B. J. Literary Circle of Maliamatya Vastupal and Its Contribution to Sanskrit Literature, 9643 prakaraNa : 5 sAhitya : prAcIna kALa AcArya, girajAzaMkara vallabhajI, gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho : prAcIna yugathI vAghelA yuganI samApti sudhI, bhAga 1-2, 1933-34

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saMdarbhagraMthasUci 289 caturvedI, sItArAma, 'hiMdI sAhitya', rASTrabhASA pracAra samiti, vardhA, rajatajayaMtI graMtha. dalAla, cimanalAla, prAcIna gurjara kAvyasaMgraha, 1920 desAI, mohanalAla da, jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, 1933 parIkha, rasikalAla cho. ane hariprasAda zAstrI (saMpA.), gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa graMtha 3, 1973 4421 : Munshi, K. M., Gujarat and Its Literature, 9648 zAstrI, ke. kA. ApaNA kavio khaMDa 1, 1942 zukla, rAmacaMdra, hiMdI sAhityakA itihAsa, 1952 PLUULE : Sachau, Alberuni's India Vol. I-II, 1698 sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla,mahAmAtya vastupAlanuM sAhityamaMDaLa tathA saMskRta sAhityamAM teno phALo, 1957 . prabaMdhacintAmaNi' - merutuMga, (siMdhI graMthamAlA) . "sanakumAracaritra-haribhadrasUri (apa) (saM.yAkobi) * 'sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa' - bhojadeva, (saM.) (nirNayasAgara prakAzana) prakaraNa : 6 rAsa ane phAgu sAhitya ojhA, dazaratha ane dazaratha zarmA, rAsa aura rAsAnvayI kAvya (hiMdI), 1940 kavi, narmadAzaMkara lA. (saMpA.) dazamaskaMdha premAnaMdakRta), 1872 gAMdhI, lAlacaMda bha,(saMpA.), apabhraMzakAvyatrayI (apabhraMza), 1927 jinavijayajI,(saMpA.), purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha,(saM.) (siMdhI graMthamALA), 1926 dalAla, cimanalAla,(saMpA.), prAcIna gUrjara kAvyasaMgraha, 1902 desAI, mohanalAla da, jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, 1933 nAhaTA, amaracaMdra ane bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, aitihAsika jena kAvyasaMgraha(hi), 1938 parIkha. rasikalAla cho.(saMpA.), kAvyAnuzAsana hemacaMdrAcArya), 1938 uzlu : Parikh, R. C. and R. M. Trivedi, Acharya Anandshankar Dliruva Smaraka Granth Pt. III, 9686 bhAyANI, harivallabha,(saMpA.), saMdezaka-rAsaka, (apa) (bhIra abdura rahemAna), 1945 majamudAra, muM. 2.,(saMpA.) sadayavatsavaprabaMdha(bhIma) 196 1

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290 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 vaidya, bhAratI, rAsasAhitya, 1964 rAghavana : Raghavan, V., Sringarprakas by Bhojdev vol.I-II, 1940 zAstrI kezavarAma. kA. (anu.), apabhraMza vyAkaraNa(hemacaMdrAcArya), 1949 ApaNA kavio khaMDa 1, 1942 * gujarAtI sAhityanuM rekhAdarzana graMtha 1, 1951 (anu.) jUnI pazcimI rAjasthAnI (tessitora), 1964 - (saMpA.) nalAkhyAna (bhAlaNakRta), 1957 - (saMpA.) vasaMtavilAsa, 1966 * (saMpA.) haMsAula (asAitakRta), 1945 zAstrI, durgAzaMkara ke., gujarAtano madhyakAlIna rAjapUta itihAsa, 1953 zAha, priyabALA(saMpA.) gItAgirIza (saM.) sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla (saMpA.), prAcIna phAgusaMgraha, 1955 sakhAu : Sachau, Alberuni's India Vol. I-II, 1914 'kAvyAnuzAsana'- vAgbhaTa (saM.), (nirNayasAgara), 1915 'kuvalayamAlA'- udyotana sUri (prAkRta), 1959 'gAhAsattasaI'- hAla (prA.), (nirNayasAgara), 1889 'gItagovinda' jayadeva (saM.), amadAvAda, 1965 'chaMdonuzAsana'- hemacaMdra (saM., prA., apa.), (siMdhI graMthamALA), 1961 bharata muni (saM.), (nirNayasAga2), 1894 'nATyazAstra' 'bAlacarita'- bhAsa (triveMdram), 1912 'bharatakoza'- vema bhUpAla (saM.), 1951 'bhAvaprakAzana'- zAradAtanaya (saM.), (gAyakavADa graMthamALA), 1930 'mAlavikAgnimitra' kAlidAsa (saM.), (nirNayasAga2), 1987 "raMgasAgaranemiphAga'(zamAmRtam'mAM) - dharmavijaya, 1923 -

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saMdarbhagraMtha-sUci 291 'vRttajAtisamuccaya- virahAMka (saM.) 'harivaMza- vyAsa muni (saM.), citrazALA presa), 1936 harSacarita'- bANa (saM.), nirNayasAgara), 1917 prakaraNa : 7 laukika kathA Adi gAMdhI, lAlacaMda bha(saMpA.) - tribhuvanadIpakaprabandha (jayazekharasUrikata), 1921 caturavijayajI muni, saMpA.), moharAjaparAjaya yazapAlakRta), 1918 ThAkora, baLavaMtarAya ane anya (saMpA.), gurjara rAsAvali, 1956 dalAla, cimanalAla (saMpA.), prAcIna gUrjara kAvyasaMgraha 1920 desAI, IcchArAma sU. (anu, kathAsaritsAgara bhAga 1-2, bIjI AvRtti 1910 desAI, mohanalAla da. (saMpA.), jaina gUrjara kavio bhA. 1-2 1926-1931 dhruva, kezavalAla ha. (saMpA.), paMdaramA zatakanAM prAcIna gurjara kAvya, 1927 nAhaTA, agaracaMda, (saMpA.), aitihAsika jaina kAvyasaMgraha 1994 majamudAra, maMjulAla, (saMpA.), sadayavatsavIra prabandha (bhImakRta), 196 1 munazI, kanaiyAlAla (saMpA.), madhyakAlIna sAhitya, 1929 vaidya, pI. ela, prAkRta vyAkaraNa (hemacandrakRta), 1928 zAstrI kezavarAma kA. kavicarita bhA. 1, 1936 - (saMpA.), haMsAuli, 1945 sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla, ItihAsanI keDI, 1945 - (saMpA.), prAcIna phAgusaMgraha , 1955 - (anu) vasudeva-hiMDI, 1946 uparAMta pAMcamI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadano ahevAla sAmayiko : AtmAnaMda prakAza, phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA saimAsika , lAyabrerI miselanI, svAdhyAya.

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292 gujarAtI sAhityano vRtihAsa graMtha : 1 prakaraNa : 8 gadya ceTarajI, sunItikumAra ane babuA mizra, varNaratnAkara, (jyotirIzvarakRta), 1940 jinavijayajI muni, (saMpA.), prAcIna gujarAtI gadyasandarbha, 1986 -(saMpA) bAlazikSA (saMgrAmasiMhakRta). 1962 dalAla, cimanalAla, prAcIna gurjara kAvyasaMgraha, 1920 desAI, mohanalAla da, jaina gUrjara kavio bhA. 1-2, 1926-1931 - jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa 1933 nAhaTA, agaracaMda. (saMpA.), sabhAzRMgAra , saM. 2019 (I. 1963) zAstrI, kezavarAma kA, ApaNA kavio khaMDa 1, 1942 sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla, SaSTizataka prakaraNa-traNa : bAlAvabodha sahita, 1953 - varNaka-samuccaya bhAga. 1, 1956 uparAMtabAramA gujarAtI sAhitya saMmelanano ahevAla sAmayiko : purAtattva, prasthAna, buddhiprakAza, sAhitya, svAdhyAya D B D.

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zabdasUci (madhyakAlIna kartA-kRtione temaja arvAcIna vidvAno ane emanA graMthone samAvatI A sUcimAM kRtio ane graMthone avataraNacihnothI darzAvyAM che. prAcIna-madhyakAlIna kRtio vizenAM saMpAdano saMpA' evA nirdezathI kRtinAma sAthe ja noMdhyAM che.] akho 254 abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi' 21, 94 'akhegItA' 254 abhinavagupta 115, 122, 123, ajitadeva 98 225, 226 ajitaprabhasUri 102 abhinavabhAratI' 229 ajitazAMtistavana' 195 amamasvAmicarita' 96, aticAra' 277 amarakIrti 98 atimuktacarita' 101 amaracaMdrasUri 22, 23, 100, 142 'adhyAtmakalpadruma' 105 amararatnasUriphAgu' 179, 181 anartharAghava 101 arisiMha 22, 100 'anaMtanAthacarita' 96 arthadIpikA' 106 anupamA devI 23 'abudAcalavinatI 200, 219 'anekArthasaMgraha' 21, 94, 97 alaMkAracUDAmaNi' 94 anekAMtajayapatAkA 14 alaMkAraprabodha' 22 anekAMtavAdapraveza 14 alaMkAramahodadhi' 22, 101 apabhraMzakAvyatrayI' 223, 227, 244, alaMkArasAra' 104 289 albIrUnI 88, 107, 112 apabhraMzavyAkaraNa (bhAyANI, ha.cu.) 44,255 'albarUnIjha InDi' 222, 289, 290 apabhraMza vyAkaraNa' (zAstrI, ke.kA.) 222 "aSTadazastavI' 107 abdurU rahemAna 103, 111, 112, asAIta 78, 89, 112, 249,250, 113, 117, 118, 119, 251 126,228, 230, 289 aMgavijjA' 14 'abhayakumAracarita' 102 aMgulasattarI' 105 abhayatilaka 23, 102 "aMjaNAsuMdarIcarita' 104 abhayadevasUri 20 aMbaDa 214 abhayadevasUri (caMdrakulanA) 101 aMbaDacariya' 96

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294 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 aMbadevasUri 151, 215, 234 aMbikAstotra' 99 AgamamANikya 239 'AcApradIpa' 106 AcArAMgadIpikA' 106 AcArAMgasUtra' 16 AcArya AnaMdazaMkara dhruva smAraka graMtha (aM) 228, 289 AcArya, girajAzaMkara 288 AcArya, zAMtilAla 44, 70 AjagAMvakara 70 AturapratyAkhyAna-vRtti 104 AtupratyAkhyAna-avacUrNi 107 Atmabodhakulaka' 105 AtmarAjarAsa 272 AdinAthastotra' 99 AnaMdAdi daza-upavAsakathA' 98 ApaNA kavio' 107, 222, 230, 232, 233, 244, 289, 290 'Abuprazasti' 100 AburAsa" 121, 138, 140 AraMbhasiddhi 22, 101 ArAdhanA' 277 'ArAdhanApatAkA' 279 ArAmazobhA' 106, 248 AryAsaptazatI' 246 'AlhAkhaMDa' (jaganikano) 223 Avazyaka-avacUrNi 105 Avazyaka-niryukti' 101 'AvAzyaka-niryukti-avacUri 106 Avazyaka-niryuktiavacUrNi 106 'AvazyakabUda-vRtti' 95 AvazyakasUtranI avacUri 103 AsaDa 97, 100 Asiga 113, 135, 136 'itihAsanI keDI 291 'InDiana liMglisTIksa' 70 InDo Aryana..." 287, 288 iliyaDa' 245 IzvarIchaMda' 216 'uktiyakam 283 uktiratnAkara 284 uttamakumAracarita' 106 'uttarAdhyayanadIpikA' 106 uttarAdhyayanasUtra'20 utpAdasiddhi 96 udayaprabhasUri 22, 98, 101 udayasiMhasUri 101 udayasuMdarIkathA 20, 246, 248 udyotanasUri 14, 34, 36, 73, 81, 102, 112, 222, 223, 246 'upadezakaMdalI-prakaraNa 97 'upadezaciMtAmaNi 105, 268 upadezataraMgiNI' 185, 248 upadezamAlA' 97, 101, 265, 26 6, 279, 285 upadezamAlA-avacUri 105 upadezamAlA-kathA' 96 'upadezamAlAkarNikA' 101 'upadezamAlAkathAnaka chappaya' 265,266 upadezaratnAkara' 105 upadezarasAyana' 101, 117, 125, 135, 223, 227 upadezasaMdhi' 107 'upamitibhaprapaMcakathA' 16, 73 'upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA-sAroddhAra 102 ullAgharAghava 22 'uvaesamAla-kahANa-chappaya(upadezamAlA -kathAnaka ja pada) 210, 212

Page #310
zabdasUci 295 'upAharaNa' 282 'UNAdinAmamAlA' 106 Rgvada' 22, 27, 31, 45 RgvadabhASya' 9 RtusaMhAra' 176, 177 "RSabhadeva-neminAtha zloka 282 RSabhadhavala' 107 RSabha-paMcakalyANa' 107 RSabhasAgara 265 RSimaMDalavRtti 104 'ekAkSaranAmamAlA koza' 104 aitihAsika jaina kAvyasaMgraha 224, 238, 244, 273, 289, 291 oghaniryukti-avacUrNi 105 oghaniryukti-dIpikA' 106 oghaniryukti-vRtti' 95 ojhA, dazaratha 289 oDisI' 245 orijina enDa DevalapamenTa opha baeNDagAlI legvaja 287 kamalArAsa'16 2 karakaMDucariya' 123 karuNAvajAyudha' 23, 100 karNasuMdarI' 20, 100 karNAmRtaprapA' 22 "kapUra-prakaraNa-avacUri 107 kapUramaMjarI' 107 'kalAkalApa' 22 "kalikAlabatrIsI' 260 kalikArAsa' 260 'kalpaTippanaka' 98 kalpaniryukti-avacUri 106 kalpaniryukti-dIpAlikAkalpa' 102 kalpasUtra-avacUrNi 105 kalpasUtra vRtti' 102 kalpasUtra-vRtti saMdehaviSauSadhi' 103 kalpasUtra-sukhAvabodhavivaraNa' 105 kavi, aMjanI 70 kavi, narmadAzaMkara 289 kavicarita-1' 291 "kavidarpaNa" 117 kavizikSA 23 kavizekhara 283 "(a) kaMpereTiva DikzanarI' 288 (a) kaMTrolDa hisTorikala rikaMsTraphaazana opha." 70 kAkabaMdhicaupaI' 272 kAkusthakelI 23, 101 kAtaMtravyAkaraNa' 105, 283 kAtaMtra-vyAkaraNa-durga-prabodhaTIkA 102 kAtaMtravyAkaraNapaMcikA' 104 kAtaMtra-vyAkaraNa-vizvamaTIkA' 103 kAdaMbarI' 77, 93, 248 kAdaMbarI-kathAnaka' 275 'kAnhaDade prabaMdha' 37, 254 kakkasUri 235 kaQlIrAsa' 125, 156 katre, esa. ema. 287 kathAkoza' 22, 106 'kathAnakakoza' 22 kathAratnakoza' 22 kathAratnasAgara' 101 kathA ratnAkara' 22, 101 kathAsaritsAgara' 93,247,(saMpA.)291 kanakacaMdra 96 kamalaprabha 104 kamalazekhara ra39

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296 - gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 kApaDiyA, hIrAlAla 288 'kAminIjanavilAsataraMgagIta' 181 'kArakasamuccaya-adhikAra'(52 vRtti')101 'kAlakAcAryakathA' 104 'kAlasaptati-sAvasUri'- 104 'kAlasvarUpa-vicAra'102 'kAlikAcAryakathA'21, 104, 275 kAlidAsa 97, 118, 120, 223, 224, 246 'kAvyakalpalatA'22, 23, 100 'kAvyakalpalatA-parimala'100 'kAvyakalpalatA-maMjarI' 100 'kAvyaprakAza' 23, 97 'kAvyaprakAza-saMketa' 23, 97, 108 'kAvyamImAMsA' 16 'kAvyazikSA'23 'kAvyasthitistotra' 105 'kAvyAdarza'246 'kAvyAdarza-saMketa'97 'kAvyAnuzAsana'21, 24, 94, 116, 122, 246, (saMpA.) 289 'kAvyAnuzAsana' vaoN. 2 (ed.) 287 'kAvyAlaMkA2' 115 'kIrtikaumudI' 22, 100 kIrtimeru 199 'kIrtiratnasUriAga'181 kIrtirAja 106 kIrtivardhana 260 'kumArapAlacirata' 95, 102, 104, 105, 106, 190 'kumArapAlapratibodha'21, 96, 250 kumArapAlaprabaMdha 104, 106 kulamaMDanagaNi 78, 105, 110 'kuvalayamAlA' 14, 36, 73, 102, 112, 115, 118, 222, 246 'kRtapuNyacarita' 101 'kRSNakrIDAkAvya' 181 'kRSNagIti' 123 kRSNamizra 272 kezavadAsa 78 kezavaderAma 181 kairavAkarakaumudI' 97 koTyAcArya 16 kohala 229 'kautukakathA' 104 kaumudImitrANaMda 96 'kriyAratnasamuccaya' 283 kSemakIrti 102 kSemendra 247 'kSetrasamAsavRtti'96, 105 'kharataraguru-guNavarNana-chappaya' 214 'khaMDanamaMDana-Tippana' 97 'khumANAso' 125, 223 'gajasukumAlarAsa'143 'gaNadharasArdhazataka' 101, 144 gaNadharAvalI' 100 gaNapati 37 'gaNitatilakavRtti' 102 'gaNitasAra' 276, 278 'gadhaciMtAmaNi' 248 'gAthAsaptazatI' ('gAAsattasai') 176, 238 gAMdhI abhaya 273 gAMdhI, lAlacaMda bhagavAnadAsa 273, 285, 289, 291 'gIgirIza' 123, 229, 280 'gItagoviMda' 18,79, 118, 123, 124. 177, 178, 221, 228,

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zabdasUci 297 277 gautamapRcchA-vRtti' 104 gautamasvAmIno rAsa' 171 Triarsana, je. e. 42, 222 "gItagoviMda vItha abhinaya' 224,228 gujarAta enDa iTsa liTarecara' 107, 108, 288, 289 'gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho' 109, 288 gujarAtanI kIrtigAthA' 24, 289 gujarAtano prAcIna itihAsa' 24,287 gujarAtano madhyakAlIna rAjapUta itihAsa' 24, 239, 287, 290 gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRti itihAsa' 24, 108, 287, 289 'gujarAtI sAhityanAM svarUpo 227 gujarAtI sAhityanuM rekhAdarzana' 222, 290 guNacaMdra ra1, 97 guNacaMdrasUri 22, 106, 179, 181, 198 guNamati 9, 34 guNaratnasUri 283 guNavarmAcarita' 106 guNavallabha 98 guNasthAnakamAroha-vRtti' 105 guNAkara 10pa guNADhya 245, 246 gukhe, mAtAprasAda guruguNaSatrizat SatrizikA' 105 gurjara rAsAvalI 238, 242, 273, 291 guhasena 34 goyamasaMdhi' 107 govardhana 246 goviMda 75 'goviMdAkhyAna' 78 caupannamahApurucariya' 16. cariMgasaMdhi' 99 "cauzaraNa-pannA-avacUri 107 catupUrvI 106 catu zaraNa-vRtti' 104 catuH zaraNAvacUri 101 caturavijayajI, muni 291 caturbhuja 181 caturmukha 75 "caturvidhabhAvanA kulaka' 266 "caturvizatijinastuti' 102 caturvizatijinastotra' 101 "caturvizatijinendra-saMkSiptacarita' 101 "caturvizatiprabaMdha' 188 caturvizatiprabaMdhasaMgraha' 104 caturvedI, sItArAma 107, 289 carcarI 101, 219 caMDU paMDita 22, 100 caMdanabAlArAsa 121, 135, 136 caMda baradAI 112, 142, caMdAyana 76 caMdra vaiyAkaraNa) 20 caMdratilaka upAdhyAya 102 caMdraprabhacarita' 98, 102 caMdraprajJaptiIkA' 95 caMdramuni 22 caMdralekhAvijayaprakaraNa 21, 96 caMdrasUri 96, 104 caMpakazreSThIkathA' 106 cANakyanItizAstra' 276 cAritraratnamaNi 106

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298 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 cAritrasuMdaragaNi 106 'cArudatta'248 'cAropadeza' 106 (dhI) cAlukyajha oNpha gujarAta' 287 'citrakUTa-prazasti' 106 'cupaI phAgu' 181, 240 ceTarajI, sunItikumA2 228,285,287 'caityaparipATi' 103 'caityavaMdana-devavaMdana' 104 chakkamuvaeso' 98 chappana dizAkumArI janmAbhiSeka' 267 chaMdaHkoza' 105, 117 'chaMdonuzAsana'21, 94, 117, 228 (saMpA.) 288 'chaMdoratnAvalI'22 jagaDu 272 'jagaDUcirata' 104, 159 jagadeva 96 'janmasamudra-saTIka' 102 jayacaMdrasUri 105 jayadeva 18, 79, 118, 119, 123, 221 jayadevagaNi 99 jayadhavalA' 73 jayamaMgala - 23 yarAzibhaTTa 20 jayavallabha 104 jayavaMtasUri 239 jayazekharasUri 105, 147, 179, . 200, 201, 219, 268, 269, 270, 272, 282, 285 jayasAgarasUri 106 jayasiMhasUri 23, 78, 104, 179, 185, 190 jayaMtavijaya 101 jayaMtI praznottarasaMgraha' 98 jayAnaMdacirata' 105 jayAnaMdasUri 105 'jaMbudvIpasamAsa' 96 'jaMbusAmicaritra'38, 121, 137 'jaMbusAmirAsa'137 'jaMbusvAmI phAgu'193 'jaMbusvAmIno vivAhalo' 260 jAyasI 76 jinakIrtisUri 106 jinakuzalasUri 104, 158 'jinakuzalasUri-paTTAbhiSekarAsa' 157, 158, 159 jinacaMdrasUri 157, 159 jinacaMdrasUriphAgu' 178, 179, 181, 185 'jinadattakathA' 106 ojinadattasUri 98, 101, 104, 117, 135, 144, 219, 223 jinadAsagaNi 14, 81 jinapatisUri 97, 98, 144 'jinapatisUrigIta'223 'jinapatisUri-dhavalagIta' 223 jinapadmasUri 159, 179, 182, 187, 190, 196 'jinapadmasUripaTTAbhiSekAsa' 158 jinapAla 98, 117, 227 jinapAlopAdhyAya 101, 223 jinaprabodhasUri 102 jinaprabhasUri 23, 101, 103, 220 jinaprabhAcArya 266, 267, 268 jinaprabhu-moharAja vijayokti 268 jinabhadrasUri 23, 34, 81

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jinamaMDana 106 jinavardhanasUri 106 'jinavallabha-guNastuti' 117 jinavallabhasUri 101 jinavijayajI, muni 119, 230, 233, 284, 286, 289, 292 jinasAgarasUri 107, 279, 285 jinasuMdara 106 jinasUri 13 jinasena 81 'jinastuti' 267 jinastotraratnakoza' 105 jinaharSagaNi 106 jinahaMsaguru navaraMga Aga' 181,239 'jinendracarita'22 jinezvarasUri 98, 102 'jinezvarasUri-vivAhalu' 214 jinodayasUri 174 jinodayasUri-paTTAbhiSeka2Asa' 174,254 jinodayasUri-vivAhalu' 195, 215 jirAvallI-pArzvanAtha stotra' 101 'jItakalpavRtti' 98 'jIrApallI-pArzvanAtha-phAgu' 179, 195 'jIvadayArAsa' 113, 121, 124, 125, 135, 136 'jIvandharacaMpU'248 jIvarAja zeThanI musApharI' 272 'jIvAnuzAsti saMdhi' 266 'jIvAbhigamavRtti'95 jUnI pazcimI rAjasthAnI'(anu.) 290 jesojI prabaMdha' 105 jaina aitihAsika gUrjara kAvyasaMcaya' 243, 244 'jaina kumArasaMbhava'105, 200, 268 jaina gUrjara kavio' 254, 255, zabdasUci 299 274, 291 jaina saMskRta sAhityano itihAsa'288 jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa'24, 74, 107, 108, 109, 231, 233, 234, 237, 287-289,292 jaina sAhityakA bRhad itihAsa' 288 jainAcArya zrI AtmAnaMda janmazatAbdI smAraka graMtha' 242, 243 jaineMdra (vaiyAkaraNa) 20 jozI, umAzaMkara 111, 222, 275 jyoti2Izvara kavizekhara 283 'jyotiSasAra' 104 jyotiSkareMDaka-TIka' 95 'jyotiHsAra' 22, 101 jJAnakalaza 174, 254 jJAnacaMdra 104 'jJAnapaMcamI copAI' 255 'jJAnaprakAza' 103 'jJAnaprakAza-kulaka' 266 jJAnasAgarasUri 265 Tarnara, rAlpha 70, 288 Thakkara, pheru 104 ThAkora, baLavaMtarAya 273, 291 'tattvabodhadAyinI' 20 'tattvopaplava' 20 'tapa:saMdhi' 107 taraMgavatI' 9 taruNaprabha 78, 254, 278 tilaka (devabhadranA ziSya) tilaka-maMjarI' 20, 248 tilakamaMjarI-kathAsAra' 101 tilakAyArya 98, 101

Page #315
300 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 'tIrthamAlAprakaraNa' 105 tIrthamAlAstotra' 97, 101 tulasIdAsa 76, 122 tessitorI 110, 220, 275 tolamAya (TolemI) 10 'tridaza-taraMgiNI' 105 'tripiTaka' 10 'tribhuvanadIpakaprabaMdha'105, 200, 219, 268, 269, 282, 285, (saMpA.) 291 'trivikramarAsa' 254 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita' 21, 95 'triSaSTisAraprabaMdha' 129 'thUlibhadhAga' 190 dayArAma 78, 185 dalAla, cimanalAla DI. 255, 273, 285, 289, 291, 292 dave, TI. ena. 70, 287 'dazakumAracarita'76, 77, 93, 248 'dazamaskaMdha'220, 254, (saMpA.) 289 'dazarUpaka' 96, 115, 122, 246 'dazavaikAlika-TIkA' 101 'dazavaikAlika-dIpikA' 106 'dazArNabhadrAsa' 260 daMDI' 13, 246, 248 dAnapradIpa' 106 'dAnopadezamAlA' 105 'dIpAlikA-kalpa' 106 durga (vaiyAkaraNa) 20, 81 durgAcArya 19 durlabharAja 96 'duHSamakAlasaMghAtastotra'102 'tAMgada' 22, 100 'duhAmAtRkA' 196, 272 delhaNa 143 devacirata' 104 devacaMdrasUri 18, 96, 98 devaprabhasUri 97 devamUrti 106 devaratnasUriAgu'181, 208 devarkiMgaNi 34, 81 devasUri 20, 113, 129 devAnaMda 105 'devImAhAtmya' devendrasUri 21, 102, 143 'dezInAmamAlA'('dezIzabdasaMgraha') 21, 33, 34, 94, 177, 232 desAI, icchArAma sU. 291 desAi, mo. 6. 24, 74, 273, 287, 288, 289, 292 'dravyaparIkSA' 104 dravyAlaMkAra' 97 'draupadIsvayaMvara' 21, 98 'dvAdazakulaka' 101 'dvAdAranayacakra' 9 dvivedI, haprisAda 231 'yAzraya' 21, 23, 92, 95, 102 dhanadevagaNi 180, 205 dhanapAla 20, 94, 248 dhanaMjaya 96, 115, 122, 246 dhanika 115, 122, 246 'dhanyakumAracaritra-dAnakalpa' 106 dhanyazAlibhadracarita' 101 dhammilacarita' 105, 200, 268 dharma (kaulakavi) 20 dhamarco ('jaMbusAmicaritra'nA kartA) 121, 137 dharmakumAra 102

Page #316
zabdasUci 301 dharmakuzala 157 dharmagupta bhikSu) 14 dharmaghoSasUri 98, 102, 137 dharmacaMdra 106 dharmadatta-kathAnaka' 106 dharmadAsagaNi 97, 101, 265 dharmaparIkSA' 106 dharmamAtRkA 272, 274 dharmamUrtigururAsa' 240 dharmamUrtisUriphAgu' 181 dharmavidhi 98 dharmasaMgrahaNI 14 dharmAdharmavicAra-kulaka' 103, 26 7 dharmAbhyadaya' 22, 101 dharmopadezaprakaraNa 102 dharmopadezamAlAvRtti 102 dhavalagIta 220 dhAtuparAyaNa 105 dhAhila 74 dhIrasuMdaragaNi 106 dhUtakhAna" 14, 73 dhruva, kezavalAla ha244, 271,291 dhruva. harilAla ha. 222, 285 narendraprabhasUri 22 'naLadamayaMtI caMpU 105, 200 nalavilAsa 21, 96 'naLAkhyAna' 222, (saMpA.)290 navakAravyAkhyAna' 277 navatattva' 279 navatattva-avacUri 105 navatattvagAyAmaya ajitazAMtistava'105 navyakSetra samAsa' 104 naMdacaritra' 248 naMdabatrIsI' 248 nAgAnanda' 248 nAgArjuna 9, 101 "nATyadarpaNa" 21, 96, 116 nATyazAstra'(bharata) 33, 96, 117, 225, 228, 229 nAnAka 22, 100 nAbhinaMdanajinoddhAprabaMdha' 235 nAmadeva' 216 nAracaMdra jyotiSa' 101 nArAyaNa phAgu' 181, 199, 200 nArInirAsaphAga 179 nAhaTA, agaracaMda 273, 289, 291, 292 nAhaTA, bhaMvaralAla 273, 289, 291, 292 "nighaMTuzikSA 94 nityalAbha 260 nirukta' 9 nirbhayabhIma vyAyoga' 96 nIlakaMTha 114 nepAlI DikzanarI' 70 nimicarita' 20 nemicaMdra' 96, 97, 98,bhaMDArI)214 nemijineMdrarAsa 121, 138 namaskArastava-svopallavRtti 106 'namutyaNa' upara TIkA 105 nayacaMdrasUri 105 naracaMdrasUri 22, 101, 102 naranArAyaNanaMda' 22 naranArAyaNa mahAkAvya 99 narapati 97, 282 - narapatijayacaryA 97 narapati nAlDa 112 narasiMha mahetA 37, 89, 111, 121, 125, 180, 221, 249

Page #317
302 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 neminAtha catuSyadikA' 78, 210 266 neminAtha carita' 96, 97, 98, 99, 108 neminAthajanmAbhiSeka 267 'neminAtha phAgu 78, 179, 185, 187, 190, 192, 195, 198, 200, 269 neminAtha mahAkAvya' 106 neminAtha rAsa' 103, 144, 266 neminAtha stotra' 99 neminAhacariya' 74, 75, 126 mirAsa' 124 "nemIzvaracaritaphAgu'neminAtha caritraphAgu) 208 naiSadhIyacarita' 22, 100 nyAyakaMdalI' 22, 101, 104 "nyAyatAtparya-dIpikA' 105, 190 nyAyapraveza' 14 nyAyamaMjarI" 105, 200 nyAyasAra 105, 190 nyAyAvatAra' 9 parAMjape vA. go. 288 parIkha, rasikalAla cho. 24, 108, 226, 287, 289 paryuSaNA-kalpa' 210 paryuSaNAvicAra' 106 paharAja 213, 214 "paMcagraMthI vyAkaraNa' 20 paMcanistava' 106 paMcataMtra' 247 paMcadaMDa" 248, 282 paMcadaMDAtapatrachatraprabaMdha' 106 paMcapaMDavarAsa' 164 paMcaprastha nyAyatarka 102 paMcAkhyAna' 276 paMcopAkhyAna' 98 paMDita, prabodha 44, 45, 70, 288 paMdaramA zatakanAM prAcIna gurjara kAvya' 244, 271, 291 pAIalacchImAlA' 94 pANini 3, 20, 28, 31, 176, 177 pAdaliptAcArya 9 pArthaparAkrama vyAyoga' 21, 98 pAmhaNa | pAmhaNa-puta 138 pArzvanAtha carita' 23, 97, 104 pAkSika sattarI 105 pAkSika saptati' 129 piMDavizuddhi 101 puyasAra-kathAnaka' 102 purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha' 142, 143, 233, 248, 289 puruSottama paMca paMDava phAga' 179,196 puSpadaMta 36, 75 puSpamAlA-avacUri 105 puMDarIkacaritra' 104 pUrNakalaza 102 pauma(pA) 196, 27ra paumacariya' 34, 79, 122 paumasiricariya' 74 paTTanAyaka, DI. pI. 70 padamAvata' 76 padmanAbha 37, 254 papramacarita' 98 paprabhasUri 90, 101 'padmAnaMda mahAkAvya' 100 parabrahmotthApana-sthala 106 paramahaMprabaMdha' juo 'tribhuvanadIpakaprabaMdha' paramAnaMdasUri 97, 102 pariziSTaparva 95

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zabdasUci 303 pUrNabhadragaNi 101 pUrNabhadrasUri 98 "pRthurAjarAso' 112, 125, 142, 223 pRthvIcaMdracarita' 77, 106, 112, 203, 275, 280, 282 pRthvIcaMdraTippaNa' 96 pRthvIcaMdrarAjarSicarita' 106 pRthvIcaMdrasUri 98 pRthvIrAjaprabaMdha' 142 pethaDa 23 pethaDarAsu 125, 155, 157 "periplasa" 10, 33 pratikramaNavidhi 106 "pratikramaNasUtra' 105 pratijJAyaugaMdharAyaNa' 248 'pratyAkhyAnasthAnavivaraNa' 106 pratyekabuddhacarita' 98, 102 pradyumnasUri 97, 102 prabaMdhakoza' 104, 188, 248,250 "prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi' 23, 104, 108, 109, 147, 200, 248, 250, 268, (saMpA.) 289 prabaMdhapaMcazatI' 248 prabaMdhAvalI' 23, 101 prabuddharauhiNeya' 97 prabodhacaMdragaNi 102 prabodhacaMdrodaya' 272 prabodhaciMtAmaNi 105, 219 prabodhaprakAza' 272 prabodhamUrti 102 prabodhyavAdasthala' 97 prabhAcaMdrasUri 23, 103 prabhAvaka-kathA' 106 prabhAvaka carita' 23, 103 'pramANanayatattAlokAlaMkAra' 20. pramANaprakAza' 97 pramANamImAMsA 21, 95 pramANalakSaNa' 20 'pravacanasAroddhAra' 97 pravajyAvidhAna-mUlazuddhi prakaraNa 102 prazrazataka' 102 praznottaramAlA' 97 praznottararatnamAlAvRtti 105 prasannacaMdrasUri 193 praphlAdanadeva 21, 98 prajJAmanAsUtra' 105 prAkRta vyAkaraNa (hemacaMdra) (saMpA.) 291 prAkRtaprabodha' 22, 101 prAkRta levejijha enDa dhera konTribyuzana.' 287 prAkRta sAhityakA itihAsa' 288 prAcIna gujarAtI gadyasaMdarbha 284, 285, 292 prAcIna gurjara graMthamAlA' 285 prAcIna gUrjara kAvyasaMgraha 108, 223, 224, 227, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 244, 273, 274, 284, 289, 291 prAcIna phAgusaMgraha' 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 290 premAnaMda 110, 222, 254, 269, 272, 289 bappabhaTTisUri 16, 81 bANabhaTTa 13, 34, 92, 93, 206 bAlacarita' 114, 224 bAlacaMdrasUri 23, 100 bAlabhArata 22, 100 bAlazikSA' 283, 285, (saMpA.)292 bilDaNa 20, 100

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304 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 'bilDaNa-paMcAzikA' 100 buddhirAsa' 113, 121, 124, 125, 134 buddhisAgarasUri 20 budhasvAmI ra46 bRhatkathA' 93, 245, 246, 247, 248 bRhatkathAkoza' 16, 73 bRhatkathA maMjarI' 247 bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha 246 bRhatkAvyadohana' 275 bodhicaryAvatAra' 14. brahmagupta 34 brahmapurANa' 114, 225 brahmavaivartapurANa' 115 bhaktAmarastotra' 279 bhaktAmarastotra-vRtti' 105 bhagavatI-ArAdhanA' 16 bhagavad gItA' 276 bhaTTa 13, 34, 73, 81 bhakiAvya' 13, 95 bhattI 220, 223 bhadrabAhu 10ra bharakaTadvatrizikA' 248 bharata 33 bharatanATyazAstra' : juo nATyazAstra' "bharatakoza' 225, 226 bharatezvaracakravartIzaga' 197 'bharatezvara-bAhubali-ghora' 38, 111, 113, 120, 121, 129, 130, 131 bharatezvara-bAhubalirAsa' 38, 111, 112, 113. 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 123, 14, 130, 131, 16 2, 164, 165 180, 221, 231, 232 bharatesaracaritra' (bharatezvarabAhubalirAsa) 130 bhavabhUti 92, 248 bhavisattakA' 123 bhavyakaTuMbacarita' 266 "bhavyacaritra' 266, 267 'bhAgavata' 115, 225, 276. bhAmaha 115 bhAyANI, harivallabha 25, 44, 71, 80, 227, 230, 238, 239, 287, 288, 289 bhAratIya bhASA-samIkSA' 222 bhAravi 92 bhAlaNa 37, 78, 93, 219, 222, 271 bhAvakarma-prakriyA' 105 bhAvadevasUri 104 bhAvanAsaMdhi' 99 'bhAvanAsAra' 102 bhAvaprakAzana' 123, 225, 227, 229 bhAsa 114, 248 bhAsarvajJa 105, 190 bhIma 78, 89, 112, 249, 255, 256, 258, 260, 27ra bhIma (prabodhaprakAzakAra) 78 bhuvanatuMgasUri 101, 104 bhuvanadIpakavRtti 102 bhuvanasuMdarasUri 106 "bhuvanasuMdarIkathA' 104 bhUgoLa' (tolomI-nI) 10 bhramaragIta' 181 bhoja 74, 78, 239 bhojadeva 88, 95, 111, 222,

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zabdasUci 305 225, 289 majamudAra, maMjulAla 24, 222, 227, 273, 287, 289, 291 "madanarekhAsaMdhi' 103, 266 madanasUri 102 madhusUdana madhyakAlIna sAhitya' (saMpA.) 291 mammaTa 23, 97, 181 malayagiri 21 malayaprabha 98 malayendu 105 mallikAmakaraMdaprakaraNa 96 "mallicariu 103 mallicaritra' 26 6 mallinAtha 13 mallinAthacarita mahAkAvya' 101,265 malliSeNasUri 23 mahApurANa' 123 mahApuruSacarita' 104 mahAbalamalasuMdarIcarita' 106 mahAbhArata' 22, 75, 93, 142, 177, 245, 246 mahAmAtyavastupAlanuM sAhityamaMDala.' 24, 109, 287, 289 mahAvIracarita' 95, 107 mahIpAlacarita' 106 mahetA, mohanalAla 288 mahendraprabhasUri 105 mahendrasUri 101, 137 mahezvarasUri 97, 104, 129 maMgalakalazacarita' 159 maMgalakalazacopAI' 158, 255 maMtrarAjarahasya 102 mAgha 14, 92 mANikyacaMdrasUri 23, 78, 97, 203, 205, 208, 269, 280 mANijyazekharasUri 106 mANikyasuMdarasUri juo "mANijyacaMdrasUri "mANakyasUri 103 mAtRkA copAI' 272, 273 mAdhavAnalakAmakaMdalA' 248 mAnatuMgasUri 98 mAnatuMgAcArya 102 mAnamudrAbhaMjana' 96 mArAkhyAna' 78 "mArIcavadha 123 mAkaDa purANa' 218 mAlacaMdra 103 mAlatImAdhava' 248 mAladeva 239 mAlavaNiyA, dalasukha 288 mAlavikAgnimitra' 118, 224 mAsTara, AphreDa 44, 288 mitracatuSka-kathA' 105 mizra, bachuA 285 mIrAM 37 mugdhAvabodha auktika' 110, 111, 222, 283 munazI, kanaiyAlAla 95, 185, 199, 242, 187, 288, 289, 291 muni paticarita' 98 munibhadrasUri 104 muniratnasUri 96 munisuvratacarita 96, 101 munisuvrata janmAbhiSeka' 103 munisuvratasvAmIstotra' 26 7 munisuMdara 78, 105, 106 murAri 101 mullAM dAuda 76 "puSTivyAkaraNa' 95

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306 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 muMja 36 mRgAputra-kulaka' 107 "mRcchakaTika' 248 meghadUta" 97, 105, 246 merUtuMga / merUtuMgAcArya 23, 104, 105, 250, 289 merunaMdana 195, 215 merusuMdara 78, 285 maitrakAlIna gujarAta' 24, 287 modI, madhusUdana 273 modI, rAmalAla 254 "moharAjaparAjaya' 21, 97, 268, (saMpA.) 291 mohinI phAgu' 181 patijItakalpa' 102 tijItakalpa-vRtti 105 yatidinacaryA 104 bhavilAsa' 96 yazodeva 102 yazodharacaritra' 14 yazovijaya 78 yazovara 23 yazapAla 21, 97, 268, 291 yaMtrarAja' 105 yAkobI 289 yAdavALyudaya' 96 yugAdijinacaritakulaka 266 yogadaSTisamuccaya' 14 yogaratnamAlA' 102 yogavAsiSTha' 276 yogazAstra' 21, 95, 279, 285 ratnaprabhasUri 97, 102 ratnamaMDanagaNi 78, 179 ratnamaMDanasUri 180, 202 ratnamaMdiragaNi 185 "ratnazekharakathA' 106 ratnazekharasUri 105, 106, 117, 260 ratnAvatArikApaMjikA 104 ratnezvara 78 raviprabha 96 raMgasAgara neminAtha phAgu' 180, 202 raMbhAmaMjarI" 105 rAghavana 123, 226, 27, 229, 290 rAghavapAMDavIya' 20 'rAghavavijaya' 123 rAghavAkyudaya' 96 rAjakIrtimizra 278 rAjazekhara 107, 190, 250 rAjazekharasUri 78, 104, 179, 187, 190 rAjasthAna-bhAratI' 228 rAjasthAnI bhASA' (hindI) 287 'rANapuramaMDana caturmukha AdinAtha phAga' 180 'rAmacaritamAnasa' 76, 122 rAmacaMdra 21, 92, 96, 97, 116, 226 rAmacaMdrasUri 21, 106 rAmabhadra 97 rAmazataka' 22, 100 'rAmAyaNa' 22, 75, 3, 245, 246, 247 rAva, esa. Ara. 24 rAvaNavadha' 13, 73 'rAvaNipArzvanAthaphAgu' 193, 195 raNamalla chaMda' 216 ratnaparIkSA' 104

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zabdasUci 307 rASTrabhASA pracAra samiti vardhA vajasvAmIcarita' 26 7 rajatajaMyati graMtha' 107 vajjAlaya' 104 rAvaLa, zaMkaraprasAda 254 vaDanagaprazasti' 99 rAsa aura rAsAnvayI kAvya' 223, vanamAlAnATikA' 96 231, 232, 233, 234, 238, vayarasAmiyacariu 103 244, 289 varNakasamuccaya' 282,(saMpA.) 292 rAsasarvasva' 227 "varNaratnAkara' 283, (saMpA.) 291 rAsasAhitya' (saMpA.) 227, 290 vardhamAnavidyAtapa 102 revaMtagirirAsu' 38, 78, 113, vasaMtapAla 23 116, 120, 122, 123, 125, vasaMtaphAgu' 179, 184, 198 139, 140, 155, 221 vasaMtavilAsa' (Agu) 179, 180, rohiNImRgAMka prakaraNa 96 181, 185, 190, 191, 192, 195, 199, 239, 240, 242, laghukSetrasamAsa-svopajJavivaraNa 105 | (saMpA.) 290 laghumahAvidyAviDaMbana' 106 'vasaMtavilAsa' (mahAkAvya) ra3, 100 laghustavaTIkA' 104 vasaMtavilAsa'kAra 78 lablinidhAna 104 vasudeva-hiMDI" 14, 34, 247, (saMpA) lakSmaNagaNi 95, 116, lakSmIcaMdra 227 vastupALa 18, 22, 23, 100,101, lakSmItilaka 102 139, 246 lakSmIdhara 101, 230 - enuM sAhityamaMDaLa 22, 74 lakSmIsarasvatIvivAdagIta' 260 vastupAlacarita' 106 lATadeva 9 vastupAlatejapAlarAsa' 125 lAvaNyasamaya 78 vastupAlarAsa' 260, 273, 282 (e) livisTIka sTaDI opha hAlArI "vastupAlaprazasti' 101 DAyalekTa' 44, 70. vAlmaTa 92, 116, 15ra, 225, liTararI sarkala opha mahAmAtya vastupAla.' 288 bhavAmbhaTAlaMkAravRtti 106 lIlAvatI'vRtti 102 vAgvilAsa' juo, pRthvIcaMdracaritra' lokavivekano rAsa' 272 vADiyA, DI. ena. 24 legvaja 70 vAdamahArNava 20 dhI)leveja opha gujarAta 287 vAdasthala' 97 vAdidevasUri 97, 129 vajabhUti 9 vAdIbhasiMha 248 vajasena 111, 113. 120, 129, 131 vAlmIki 247 291 226

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308 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 1 vAsavadattA' 246, 248 vAstusAra' 104 'vikramacarita 106 'vikramacaritrakumArarAsa' 254 'vikramAMkadevamahAkAvya' 10 'vikramorvazIya' 118, 120, 223 'vicArazreNI-sthavirAvalI 104 'vicArasUtra 104 'vicArasaptatikA' 105 'vicArAmRtasaMgraha 105 vijayapAla 21, 98 vijayabhadrasUri 162, 250, 251 vijayasiMhasUri 96, 104 vijayasenasUri 38, 78, 96, 113, 122, 147, 142, 233 'vijJaptitriveNIkAvya' 106 vidvaNu 255, 272 vidyAdhara 22, 100 "vidyAnaMda vyAkaraNa' 102 vidyAnaMdasUri 102 'vidyAvilAsa copAI 265 'vidyAvilAsa pavADo' 255, 260, 263 "vidyAvilAsa rAsa ra6 5 'vidhi kaumudI 106 'vidhiprapA' 103 'vinayacaTTanI vArtA 265 'vinayacaMdrapArzvanAthacarita' 101 vinayacaMdrasUri 78, 102, 210, 212, 265, 266 vinayaprabha 171 vinodakathAsaMgraha 248 vimalacaMdrasUri 105 vimalasUri 97 'virahadesAuriphAgu' 180 virahAMka 118, 119, 227 'vilAsavaIkahA' 74 'vividhatIrthakalpa' 103 viveka' 94 "vivekakalikA' 23, 101 'vivekapAdapa' 23, 101 'vivekamaMjarI" 101 'vivekamaMjarI prakaraNa 97 viveka vaNajAro' ra7ra 'vivekavilAsa' 98 vivekasAgara 102 vizAlasUri 107 viSayavinigrahakulakavRtti 103 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya 14, 16, 34 vizrAMta vaiyAkaraNa) 20 vizvanAtha("sAhityadarpaNakAra') 116, 225 vizvanAtha jAnI 78 'viMzatisthAnaka-vicArAmRtasaMgraha 106 viSNupurANa' 114, 225 vItarAgastotra' 21 vIrakalpa' 104 virasiMha 282 vIrasena 73 "vIsaladevarAso' 112, 125, 223 vUbara, e. jI. 44, 288 vRttajAtisamuccaya' 118, 119, 227 vRttaratnAkara' 102 "vetAlapacIsI' 247, 248 temabhUpAla 226 velaNakara 288 vaitAlapaMcavizI' 107 vaidya, pI. ela. 291 vaidya, bhAratI 227, 290 "vairAcanaparAjaya' 21 'vyAkaraNa-catuSka' 98 tyAkhAnadIpikA 106

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zabdasUci 309 'vyApArIrAsa' 272 vyAsa, yogendra 70 zatakabhASya' 105 zatapadI-praznotarapaddhati 98 zatruMjaya-kalpavRtti' 106 zabdabrahmollAsa' 101 zamAmRtam' 242, 290 zaMkara (TIkAkAra) 226 zaMkhaparAbhava' 22 zAmaLa 212, 213, 249 zAradAtanaya 123, 225, 226 zAlibhadrakakka' 196, 272, 274 "zAlibhadracarita' 102, 147 zAlibhadrasUri 38, 111, 112, 113, 118, 119, 121, 130, 164, 221 zAstrI, kezavarAma kA. 24, 87, 110, 222, 240, 273, 289, 290, 291, 292 zAstrI, ke. vAsudeva 224, 228 zAstrI, durgAzaMkara ke. 24, 287, 290 zAstrI, hariprasAda 1, 24, 287 zAha, priyabALA 229, 290 zAha, su. za. 24 zAMtikarastotra' 105 zAMtijinAlAya-prazasti' 106 zAMtideva, bhikSu 14 zAMtinAthacarita' 23, 97, 102, 104 zAMtisUri 20 zAMtyAcArya 20 zivadA 251 zivazarmasUri 98 zizupAlavadha 14 zikSA namuccaya' 14 zIlaguNasUri 16 zIlataraMgiNI' 104 zIladUta' 106 zIlabhAvanAvRtti' 96 zIlasaMdhi' 107 zIlAcArya 16 zIlAMkAcArya 16 zIlopadezamAlAvRtti 104, 105 zukarAja-kathA' 106 zukasaptati' 248 zukla, rAmacaMdra 289 zubhazIlagaNi 106 zUdraka 248 "zRMgAprakAza' 123, 225, 226, 227, 229, (ed.) 290 zodha ane svAdhyAya' 44, 288 "zrAddhaguNasaMgraha 106 zrAddhaguNasaMgraha-vivaraNa' 106 zrAddhajItakalpa' 102 zrAddhavidhinizcaya' 106 "zrAvakadharmavidhi' 102 zrAvakavidhiprakaraNa' 103, ra6 6 zrAvakavratAdi aticAra' 279 zrIdhara("SaTadarzanasamuccaya'no kartA) 104 zrIdhara vyAsa 78, 216 zrIdharacarita' 106 zrIdharAcArya 101, 278 zrIpAla 20, 21, 99 zrIpAlagopAlakathA 106 zrIprabhasUri 98, 101 zrIharSa 100 zreNikacarita' 103 zreyAMsacarita' 97, 10ra 'pakAraka' 283

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310 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 10 papaMcAzaktikumArikAbhiSeka' 103 SasthAnaka-vRtti 101 'Sadarzana-TIkA' 104 "paDradarzananirNaya 105 paDadarzanasamuccaya' 14, 104 paDAvazyaka' 279 paDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha 254, 278 paDAvazyaka vRtti 106 SaSTizataka' 214, 285 SaSTizataka-prakaraNa 279, 285, (saMpA.) 292 sakhAu 222, 28, 290 satyaharizcaMdra 96 'sadayavatsakathA' 248, 249, 260 sadayavatsacarita" 112 sadayavatsavIracaritra' 255 sadayavatsavaprabaMdha' 255, 256, 258, 273, (saMpA.) 289, 291 sadayavatsa-sAvaliMgA' 255 sadevaMta-sAmali 255 sanakumAracarita' 96, 101, 108, (saMpA.) 289 sanmatitarka 9, 20. "saptati-avacUrNi 107 saptatibhASya-cakA' 105 saptatizatasthAnaka' 104 saptapadArthI TIkA 106 saptakSetrIrAsa' 116, 124, 272 saptazatI' 218 saptakSetrirAsu 145 sabhAzRMgAra' 275, (saMpA) 292 samayasuMdara 78 samarasiMha 15ra, 19, 198 samaraka ' 14, 73 samarAdityakathA-saMkSepa' 10ra samarArAsu' 124, 125, 151, 155, 156, 157, 215, 221 samudhara 179, 195, 241 samyakatvakaumudI 106 'samyakatvamAcaupaI' 272 samyakatvAlaMkAra' 103 'sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa' 88, 107, 111, 222, 225, 226, 239, (saMpA.) 289 sarvacaityaparipATI svAdhyAya 266 sarvatIrthanamaskArastavabAlAvabodha' 277 sarvadevasUri, 101 sarvAnaMdasUri 102, 104, 255 sahajasuMdara 272 'saMketa' ('kAvyaprakAza' para TIkA) 23 saMgItopaniSasAra' 104 saMgItopaniSad' 104 saMgrAmasiMha 147, 283 - "saMghacArabhASya-caityavaMdanabhASya-vivaraNa' 102 saMghadAsagaNi 34, 81, 247 "saMdezakarAsI/saMdezakazAsaka' 103, 112, 113, 117, 118, 119, 120, 124, 126, 128, 131, 134, 227, 228, 230, 231, 232, 256, (saMpA.)289 "saMdehadolAvalI-bRhadravRtti 102 saMbodhasattarI 105 saMbodhasaptatikA' 105 'saMbhavanAthacarita' 104 saMvegamAtRkA 272 sAdhAraNa (vilAsavaIkahA'kAra) 74 sAdhu kIrti 254 'sAdhupratikramaNavRtti 103

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zabdasUci 311 sAdhuratna 105 sAdhusuMdaragaNi 284 sAmudrika-tilaka' 96 'sAmbAkhyAna 78 sAlibhadrakakka' juo zAlibhadrakakka sAha rahaNa 220, 223 sAhityadarpaNa" 116 sAhityavidyAdharI 100 sAMkaLiyA, ha. dhI. 24 sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla ja. 24, 74, 240, 245, 273, 275, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292 'siddhayaMtracakroddhAra 105 siddharSi 16, 73, 81 siddhasena divAkara 20, 81 siddhahema zabdAnuzAsana' 21, 87, 94, 95, 111, 250, 283 sirivAlakahA 105 sihatilakasUri 102 siMhaprabhasUri 137 'siMhAsanadvArnAizikA' 107 'siMhAsanabatrIzI' 247, 248, 276 sImaMdharastuti 105 sukatakIrtikallolinI' 22, 101 sukRtasaMkIrtana' 22, 100 sukhaprabodhinI 97 sudhAkalaza("saMgItopaniSadkAra) 104 'sudhAkalaza' ("subhASitakoza') 96 'supArzvanAthacarita 96 subaMdhu 13, 246, 248, subhaTa 22, 100 subhASitakulaka' 26 6 subhASitakoza' 96 sumatigaNi 101, 144 sumatinAthacarita' 96 sumatisuMdarasUriphAgu 180, 239 surathotsava' 22, 100, 246 suraMgAbhidhanemiphAga' 180, 20pa 'sulasAkhyAna' 78 'sUktAvali' 22 sUDAbahoMterI' 248 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra' 16 'sUtrasamuccaya' 14 sUrAcArya 16 sohrala 20, 246, 248 somakuMjara 221 somakIrti 104 somacaMdra 102 somatilakasUri 104, 105 somadeva 247 somanAtha 123 somaprabhasUri 21, 96, 102, 250. 283 somamUrti 158, 159, 214 somazataka' (suktamuktAvali) 21, 96 somasuMdara 78, 107, 279, somezvara 22, 97, 98, 246 solaNa 219 saubhAgyapaMcamI-kathA' 255 skaMdamuti 9 skaMdasvAmI 81 skaMdila 9 '(e) sTaDI oNpha gujarAtI leDagyeja." 70 sthiramati 9, 34 'sthUlibhadrakozA-premavilAsaphAgu' 239 sthUlibhadracarita' 105 sthUlibhadrasagu' 103, 179, 182, 187, 190, 196, 239 snAtasyA' 97

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312 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 1 'svAdizabdasamuccaya'22, 100 syAdvAdakalikA 104 'syAdvAdadIpikA' 104 'syAdvAdamaMjarI' 23, 103 'syAdvAdaratnAkara' 20, 97 'svapnavAsavadatta' 248 svapnavicArabhASya' 101 'svapnasaptikAvRtti' 101 svayaMbhU 36, 75, 79, 118 'hammIramadamardana'23, 101 'hammIra mahAkAvya' 105 hammIra rAso' 223 hirabhadrasUri 14, 73, 75, 81, 98, 126, 142, 289 'hiravaMza' 114, 115, 122, 123, 224, 225 'hiravaMza'purANa 13, 113 'hiravilAsa' 181 'rivilAsa'kA2 78 harizcaMdra 248 hiraSeNa 16, 73, 81 harahara 22, 100 harSa 248, 'harSacarita'225, 246 harSabhUSaNa 106 harSavardhanagaNi 260 m halarAja 190 haMsarAja-vaccharAjanI copAI' 250 'haMsavicAraprabaMdha' 269 'haMsAuli' 112, 249, 250, 251, 253, 254, 273, (saMpA.) 290, 291 'haMsA cArakhaMDI'251 'haMsAvatIvikramacaritravivAha' 254 hitopaderAmAlA praka2Na' 102 'hitopadezamAlAvRtti' 102 hiMdI sAhityakA itihAsa' 107, 289 hIrANaMdasUri 255, 260, 261, 282 hemacaMdra, AcArya 21, 22, 23, 33, 34, 36, 44, 73, 74, 78, 81, 87, 88, 89, 92, 94, 95, 96, 101, 102, 111, 116, 117, 122, 126, 129, 177, 225, 228, 229, 231, 246, 249, 250, 255, 268, 289 hemacaMdrasUri, maladhArI 21, 34, 78, 96 hemaprabhasUri 97, 'hemaratnasUriAgu' 179, 181 hemasAra 107 'haimavyAkaraNa-DhuMDhikAvRtti' 107

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gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa 'gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsanA pUrvaprakAzita cAra graMtho paikIno A pahelo graMtha I.1150thI I.1450 sudhInA samayagALAnA madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityasarjananI gatividhine Alekhe che. e uparAMta, eka Avazyaka bhUmikA rUpe prAcIna-madhyakAlIna gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika vikAsano, gujarAtI bhASAnA kuLakramano tathA enAM vidhAyaka paribaLono temaja sAhityika pUrvaparaMparAono paNa adhikRta Alekha ahIM maLe che. ApaNA prathitayaza vidvAnonI kalamano lAbha maLyo hovAthI A itihAsaAlekha zAstrIya eTalo ja samRddha paNa banyo che. zodhita * * 'namAM DaoN. ramaNa sonInI ane cokasAI prayojA nI emanI. kAmaga ne maLyo che ethI 2 dhAruM banyuM che. - ba - parAmarzaka