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J. C. Sikdar In the Jaina parampara this word 'Puggala' is generally used in the sense of non-living matter or atom. Even being so, its meaning as accepted by the Bauddha Pitaka, i.e. individual soul, is found in the Bhagavatı Sütra (8.10.361) in the sense that Jiva is poggaly and poggala also and in the sutra 20.2.665 as the synonymous word of Jiva (soul), while in the Dasavaikalika Sütra 5.1.73 the word "poggala" is used in the sense of flesh which is related with the body of living beings (balt-atthiyam puggalam). It is noteworthy that this word "Puggala' is not come across in any old available sutra except the Jaina-Bauddla sütras.
Asava and Samvara : These two words have mutually opposite meanings. Asava denotes the suffering (Klesa) of Soul, while 'Samvara' indicates the stoppage of it and the means of stopping it. Both the words are found in the Jaina Agamas (Sihānanga, 1. Sthana; Samavāyāngu, 5 Samavaya, Tattvārthadhigamasutra 6.1.2; 8-1, 9-1 and the Bauddha Pitaka (Majjhimanikaya 2) in the same senso.
The word 'Uposatha' indicates particular upavrata (sub-vow) of the lay worshipper which is come across to be used in the Buddha pitaka (Diglianikaya 4) and the Agamas from the very beginning (See Uväsagadasão).
The two words 'Savaga' and 'Uvasaga' are found to be used in some form or other in the Bauddha Pitaka (Dignikaya and the Āgamas) from the very beginning. In the Bauddlia paramparā the meaning of the word 'Savaga' is the direct 'Bhikşu' disciple of the Euddha (Majjhimanikaya), whereas, in the Jaina paramparā the word 'Upasaka' is used in the sense of the lay worshipper,
Having left the household life, if some person becomes a monk, then the one and same sentence is applied by usage to indicate this meaning, which is found in the both Pitaka and the Agama. It is this "Āgārasmä anāgāriyam pavvajjanti (Mahāvagga) and Āgarao anāgariyam pavvaittae 1" (Bhagavati Sūtra 11.12.431.)
Here a few words have been compared as only examples. There is a good scope for consideration of their details. The similarity of the above-mentioned words are really old, there is no such possible lity of their accidental oocurrence. For this reason one common source should be found out any how by reaching the root of this similarity. Perhaps it indicates the parampara of Parsvanatha. Cac Tirthankara, f Note No. 15, pp. 36-37, Pandit Sukulalji
