Ahimsa Darshan Ek Anuchintan

Author(s): Anekant Jain
Publisher: Lal Bahaddur Shastri Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapitham
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/034026/1

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saMskRtavidyApIThagranthamAlAyAssaptasaptatitamaM puSpam ahiMsA darzana eka anucintana DaoN. anekAnta kumAra jaina zrIlAlabahAdurazAstrIrASTriyasaMskRtavidyApITham (mAnitavizvavidyAlayaH) navadehalI

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prakAzaka: zrIlAlabahAdurazAstrIrASTriyasaMskRtavidyApITham (mAnita-vizvavidyAlayaH) kutuba sAMsthAnikakSetram navadehalI-110016 AI.esa.bI.ena : 81-87987-51-0 prakAzanavarSa - 2012 (c) shriilaalbhaadurshaastriiraassttriysNskRtvidyaapiitthsy| mUlyam : 160/- ra mudrakaH amarapriMTiMgapraisaH dehalI-110009 dUrabhASaH : 9871699565, 8802451208

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purovAk bhAratIya saMskRti ahiMsA pradhAna saMskRti hai / sabhI dharmoM ne ahiMsA ke gIta gAye haiM / ise prathama dharma mAnA hai tathA isakI upalabdhi hone para hI satya kA bhI pAlana hotA hai - ahiMsA prathamo dharmaH sarveSAmiti snmtiH| RSibhirbahudhA gItaM sUnRtaM tadanantaram // (kuralakAvya 23/3) jainadharma ke caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI sudIrgha paramparA ne ahiMsA dharma kI ArAdhanA para vizeSa bala diyA, yahI kAraNa hai ki ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA tathA jIvana meM usake prayoga isa paramparA meM Aja taka surakSita mujhe prasannatA hai ki vidyApITha ke jainadarzana vibhAga ke vidvAn manISI DaoN. anekAnta kumAra jaina ne isa pustaka meM ahiMsA jaise zAzvata mAnavIya mUlya ko vibhinna dharma-darzanoM ke pariprekSya meM dekhate huye usake prayogoM kI prAsaMgikatA para sarala bhASA meM gaharAI se vicAra kiyA hai| isa sambandha meM aneka anudghATita pakSoM ko sAmane lAne ke lie lekhaka badhAI ke pAtra haiN| mujhe vizvAsa hai ki isa grantha ke mAdhyama se jijJAsuoM evaM gaveSakoM ko vicAra-vimarza hetu cintana ke naye bindu prApta hoNge| grantha ke uttama prakAzana hetu maiM vidyApITha ke zodha evaM prakAzana vibhAga ko bhI dhanyavAda detI huuN| pro. uSArAnI kapUra kulapati (prabhArI)

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prakAzakIya jIva mAtra kI jijIviSA aura mAnava kI dayA-bhAvanA se AvirbhUta ahiMsA kI dhArA prAcInakAla se Aja taka kAlakrama ke vibhinna ArohoM aura avarohoM meM bhI satata pravAhita ho rahI hai / itihAsa ke rAjamArga para lAkara isake nimeSonmeSa kA jaba hama cintana karate haiM to isakI dArzanika jaTilatA zithila hotI hai aura isakA sahaja-svAbhAvika rUpa hamAre sAmane AtA hai| brAhmaNa-zramaNa paramparAoM meM isakI samAna mAnyatA hai, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa sampUrNa bhAratIya jIvanazailI ahiMsA para AdhArita hai / ahiMsA bhAratIya saMskRti kI AtmA hai / prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se lekara caubIsaveM tathA antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana tathA siddhAntoM meM hameM ahiMsA ke madhura svara sunAyI dete haiM / bAda kI AcArya paramparA ne bhI ahiMsaka saMskRti ko akSuNNa banAye rakhane meM apratima yogadAna diyA / zrImadbhagavadgItA meM bhagavAn kA udghoSa hai ki - Atmaupamyena sarvatra samaM pazyati yo'rjun| sukhaM vA yadi vA duHkhaM sa yogI paramo mataH // 6/32 arthAt sukha-du:kha meM samatA kA bhAva rakhane vAlA hI parama yogI hai| AcArya amitagati ne zrAvakAcAra meM spaSTa likhA hai - Atmavadho jIvavadhastasya ca rakSA'tmano bhavati rkssaa| AtmA na hi hantavyastasya vadhastena moktvyH| 6/30 arthAt kisI bhI jIva kA vadha karanA Atmavadha hai aura anya jIva kI rakSA karanA AtmarakSA hai / isaliye Atmavadha nahIM karanA cAhie aura anya jIva kA ghAta karanA chor3a denA cAhie / (v)

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jaba hama dUsare prANiyoM ko bhI apane hI samAna samajheMge tabhI hiMsA se virata ho pAyeMge kyoMki duHkha kisI ko bhI priya nahIM hai / karmaNA manasA vAcA sarvabhUteSu sarvadA / aklezajananaM proktA ahiMsA paramarSibhiH // mana, vacana tathA karma se sarvadA kisI bhI prANI ko kleza na pahu~cAnA hI ahiMsA hai| yogadarzana meM ise hI anabhidroha zabda se kahA gayA hai - tatra ahiMsA sarvadA sarvabhUteSu anabhidrohaH / (pAtaJjala yogasUtra bhASya 2.30) bauddha sAhitya suttanipAta meM likha hai - pANe na hAne na ca ghAtayeya, na cAnumanyA hanataM presN| savveSu bhUteSu nidhAya daNDaM, ye dhAvarA ye ca tasanti loke| bhArata meM utpanna aisI eka bhI dArzanika paramparA nahIM hai, jisane ahiMsA ko apanA viSaya na banAyA ho / bAhara kI saMskRtiyA~ bhI jaba bhArata ke saMparka meM AyIM, taba yahA~ kI saMskRti se prabhAvita huye binA na raha skiiN| DaoN. anekAnta kumAra jaina ko hArdika badhAI detA hU~, jinhoMne apane isa grantha 'ahiMsA darzana : eka anucintana' meM isa bAta para bhI gaharAI se vicAra kiyA hai / saMskRta tathA prAkRta sAhitya meM pratipAdita ahiMsA darzana kI samIkSA lekhaka ne vyAvahArika dharAtala ke nikaSa para kI hai tathA jisakI prAsaMgikatA ko prAJjala zailI meM sthApita karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai / yaha anucintana isalie bhI prazaMsanIya hai ki Aja kI bhAgadaur3a meM sahajatA aura saralatA ke mArga kA Azraya karake hI prAcya vidyA ke granthoM meM nihita jJAna rAzi se hI jijJAsu samAja ko lAbhAnvita kiyA jA sakatA hai / rameza kumAra pANDeya ( vi)

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Prof. Radhavallabh Tripathi Vice-Chancellor Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan Deemed to be University (Under MHRD, Govt. of India) pro. rAdhAvallabha tripAThI kulapati rASTriya saMskRta saMsthAna mAnita vizvavidyAlaya (mAnava saMsAdhana vikAsa maMtrAlaya, bhArata sarakAra ke adhIna) zubhAzaMsA ahiMsA samasta bhAratIya darzanoM tathA cintana prasthAnoM kI eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa avadhAraNA hai| ahiMsA paramparA jitanA gahana tattvamImAMsIya prazna hai, utanI gaharAI se vaha jIvana dRSTi, AcAra aura jIvana paddhati meM sampRkta hai| prastuta grantha meM ahiMsA viSayaka samasta vimarza ko sarvAMgINa dRSTi se prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| __DaoN. anekAnta kumAra jaina ne 'ahiMsA darzana : eka anucintana' ke mAdhyama se vibhinna dharma zAstroM se ahiMsA kI khoja karate hue aneka mahApuruSoM ke ciMtana aura prayogoM meM usake mahatva ko samajhAyA hai| Adhunika yuga ke sAmAjika jIvana meM ahiMsA ke vibhinna prayogoM kI sArthakatA ko darzAte hue vicAraka jagat ko ciMtana hetu kucha nae biMdu bhI die haiM jo isa grantha kI maulikatA ko rekhAMkita karate haiN| nae pIr3hI ke madhya ahiMsA AsthA ko sthApita karane ke lie yahA~ eka sArthaka hastakSepa hai jo prAcIna mUlyoM ko yugAnurUpa nayI dizA dene meM saphala hai| AzA hai vizvazAMti kI sthApanA meM prayatnazIla vaicArika aura prAyogika jagat meM isa kRti kA svAgata hogaa| Poonam pro. rAdhAvallabha tripAThI ( vii )

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prAkkathana siddhAnta, cetanA aura prayoga- ina tIna stara para ahiMsA kI anubhUti Avazyaka hai| itane vizAla zAzvata mUlya kI prAcIna virAsata ko pAkara bhI hama isake prati tamAma bhrAMtiyA~ pAlakara usakI upekSA karake svayaM ko, parivAra ko, samAja ko, rASTra tathA sampUrNa vizva ko azAMta kara leM, to yaha hamArI bahuta bar3I bhUla hogii| acchA yahI hogA ki hama samaya rahate ahiMsA jaise sarvakalyANakArI sukha-zAnti pradAyI jIvana mUlyoM ko AtmasAta kara leM, tAki samAja, sampUrNa vizva surakSita rahe, aura usakA bhaviSya surakSita rhe| jaina kula meM janma lene se zuddha pAramparika ahiMsA dharma ke saMskAra virAsata meM mujhe mile hI haiM sAtha hI mere pUjanIya pitAjI pro. DaoN. phUlacanda jaina premI (pUrva adhyakSa-jainadarzanavibhAga, sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI) tathA pUjanIyA mA~ DaoN. munnIpuSpA jaina jI kA satata prazikSaNa mujhe hiMsA ke kutarkoM kA sAmanA karane tathA nirantara anusandhAna karate rahane ko prerita karatA rhaa| isa grantha meM bhI unakA vizeSa mArga darzana prApta huA hai| sarvavidyA kI rAjadhAnI kAzI meM adhyayana ke daurAna maiMne svayaM anubhava kiyA ki mere aise kaI mitra jinake gharoM meM kabhI pyAja-lahasuna taka niSiddha thA, ve bAz2Ara meM khar3e hokara aNDA aura mAMsAhAra taka apanAne meM saMkoca nahIM kara rahe the| unheM zAkAhArI banAne kI maiM pUrI koziza karatA thaa| una dinoM maiMne kaI vaijJAnika pramANa ekatrita karake 'zAkAhAra' ke samarthana meM kaI lekha bhI likhe| kAzI ke suprasiddha dainika akhabAra 'gANDIva' meM 16 apraila 1992 ko merA eka lekha 'ahiMsaka krAnti kA sUtra zAkAhAra' jaba (ix)

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pahalI bAra prakAzita huA taba merA utsAha dviguNita ho gyaa| mere kaI mitroM ne zAkAhAra ko apnaayaa| isa viSaya para merA lekhana kA krama bhI calatA rhaa| pI-eca.DI. hetu zodhakArya ke mAdhyama se mere zodha nidezaka zraddheya guruvara AcArya dayAnanda bhArgava jI ke sAnnidhya meM maiM jaina vizva bhAratI vizvavidyAlaya, lADanUM (rAjasthAna) meM kaI varSoM taka rhaa| unake cintana aura jIvana kA mere cintana para kAphI prabhAva pdd'aa| pUjya AcArya zrI vidyAnanda jI evaM pUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke sAnidhya aura cintana se to prabhAvita thA hI, jaina vizva bhAratI meM AcArya zrI tulasI jI evaM AcArya zrI mahAprajJa jI ke vyApaka cintana kA bhI mujha para gaharA prabhAva pdd'aa| DaoN. hukumacanda bhArilla jI, pro. nathamala TATiyA jI, pro. rAmajI siMha jI, pro. musAphira siMha jI pro. sAgaramala jaina jI, pro. kamalacanda saugANI jI, pro. rAjArAma jaina jI, pro. rAdhAvallabha tripAThI jI ke vicAroM se maiM kAphI prabhAvita rhaa| maMgalAyatana vizvavidyAlaya, alIgar3ha meM sabhI pAThyakramoM meM samAna rUpa se par3hAne hetu mUlyaparaka zikSA ke antargata isake niyAmaka zrI pavana jaina jI ne mujhase isa viSayaka eka vizAla pAThyakrama kI rUparekhA taiyAra karAI thI, jisameM aisA vicAra banA ki Arambha meM ahiMsA ke vividha pahaluoM ko naye pariprekSya meM prastuta kiyA jAya tAki nayI pIr3hI ahiMsA kA sArvabhaumika mahattva samajha ske| isa nimitta maiMne usa samaya ahiMsA para naye tarIke se cintana paraka rUpa meM eka yUniTa likhA thA, kintu vaha yojanA to apUrNa raha gayI; para ahiMsA para merA anusandhAna satata calatA rhaa| vidyapITha ke pUrva kulapati ahiMsA bhakta svargIya zraddheya AcArya vAcaspati upAdhyAya jI kI yaha preraNA mujhe nirantara utsAhita karatI rahI ki ahiMsA para vyApaka cintana-anusandhAna karate huye sarala bhASA meM maiM eka grantha likhU / unake akasmAt viyoga hone se yaha kRti unake

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sAmane nahIM A sakI / Aja unakA smaraNa kara mana bahuta bhAvuka ho uThatA hai| satata ahiMsaka cintana karane vAle tathA ahiMsaka jIvana ko caritArtha karane vAle sabhI mahAvratI AcAryoM, muniyoM tathA ahiMsA ke anya sAdhakoM ke prati maiM vinayI hU~, jinake AzIrvAda se mujhe yaha dRSTi prApta huI hai| maiM AbhArI hU~ AdaraNIya kulapati pro. uSArAnI kapUra tathA zodha evaM prakAzana adhikArI AdaraNIya pro. rameza kumAra pANDeya jI kA jinhoMne apane AzIrvAda ke sAtha grantha prakAzana kI svIkRti pradAna kI tathA tatparatA se isa grantha kA sundara prakAzana kiyA hai| DaoN. jJAnadharapAThaka jI kI sakriyatA ke binA yaha kArya jaldI saMbhava nahIM thA, ata: unakA vizeSa dhnyvaad| mere vibhAga, saMkAya tathA vidyApITha ke sabhI vidvAnoM ke prati bhI maiM AbhAra vyakta karatA huuN| isa prastuti meM sudhI pAThaka kucha nayA jor3a sakeM to maiM apanA saubhAgya maanuuNgaa| tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva jayantI 16 mArca 2012 DaoN. anekAnta kumAra jaina anekant76@yahoo.co.in (xi )

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prAstAvika dhammo maMgalamukkiTTha, ahiMsA saMjamo tvo| devA vi taM NamaMti, jassa dhamme syaamnno| ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa rUpa dharma sarvazreSTha maMgala hai| jisa manuSya kA mana ukta dharma meM sadA saMlagna rahatA hai use devatA bhI namaskAra karate haiN| vAstava meM ahiMsA mAnavatA kI upalabdhi hai, usakA zrRMgAra hai| bhAratIya paramparA meM ahiMsA ko mAtra dharma hI nahIM balki paramadharma kahA gayA hai| nItikAroM ne eka choTe se sUtra meM ahiMsA ko samajhAne kA vipula puruSArtha kiyA hai 'AtmanaH pratikUlAni pareSAM na samAcaret' jo-jo AcaraNa hameM pratikUla lagatA hai vaha hama dUsare ke prati bhI na kreN| Aja sampUrNa vizva ke samakSa 'hiMsA' eka aisI vizAla samasyA banakara ubhara cukI hai ki usane anya sabhI samasyAoM ko gauNa kara diyA hai| anya samasyAoM kI jar3a bhI isI 'hiMsA' meM mila rahI hai| Azcarya to yaha bhI hai ki isa samasyA kA eka mAtra samAdhAna bhI pratihiMsA hI mAna liyA gayA hai| kintu yaha sthAyI samAdhAna nahIM hai| yadi aisA hotA to aba taka hiMsA kA janAz2A nikala gayA hotaa| pratihiMsA se hiMsA bhar3akatI hai| usakA sthAyI samAdhAna hai ahiNsaa| hiMsA kI taraha ahiMsA ke bIja bhI manuSya ke mastiSka meM haiN| ataH samAdhAna vahA~ khojanA hai| jisa prakAra pAnI mathane se ghI nahIM milatA, vaise hI hiMsA se zAMti nahIM hotii| zAMti ke sAre rahasya ahiMsA ke pAsa haiN| AvazyakatA hai isa sandarbha meM kucha nayA khojane tathA prayoga karane kii| jaba taka hama (xii )

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nayI khoja ke niSkarSa para nahIM pahu~ca pAyeMge, ahiMsA kI kriyAnviti AvaraNa ko utAre binA korI kalpanA banakara raha jaayegii| kalpanA ke vizva zAMti kA sapanA sAkAra nahIM ho sktaa| ahiMsA kI khoja gahanatama aparAdhiyoM meM bhI kabhI-kabhI baccoM jaisA nirdoSa bhAva hotA hai| usa bhAva kI gaharAI meM jAkara anusandhAna karane kA prayAsa kara rahA huuN| yaha bhAva to manuSya kA svabhAva hai, phira yaha itanA sikur3a kaise gayA ki kabhI kabhI dikhAyI detA hai| hiMsA rUpI vibhAva itanA phaila kaise gayA ki svabhAva para kaI parne car3hA rahA hai? hama itane saMvedanahIna aura svArthI kaise ho rahe haiM ki tar3aphate jIvoM ko dekhakara hamArI A~kheM aba nama nahIM hotiiN| hama bar3I se bar3I durghaTanA dekhakara bhI taba taka nahIM rote jaba taka ki isase hamArA koI sagA pIr3ita na huA ho / caMda rupayoM kI khAtira hama kisI kA ghara ujar3ate kaise dekha lete haiM? nirdoSa pazu-pakSiyoM ke katla se bane vyaJjana halaka se kaise uttara jAte haiM? aise nipaTa karuNA vihIna jIvana jIne ko hama mAnavIya sabhyatA kA vikAsa kaise kaha sakate haiM? apanA z2amIra becakara khuziyA~ kharIda leM, aise to isa jahA~ ke talabadAra hama nahIM / vo A~kha kyA jo gaira kI khAtira na ro sake, vo dila hI kyA jisameM jamAne kA gama nahIM // ahiMsA kA artha ahiMsA kA artha hai AtmAoM kI sAmyatA kA siddhAnta / jo anya jIvoM ke bhItara hai, vahI tumhAre bhItara hai maiM apane ko hI coTa kaise pahu~cA sakatA hU~? jo isa anubhUti meM jiyegA ki dUsaroM ko duHkha dene kA artha hai khuda ko duHkha denA- vaha hiMsA meM pravRtta nahIM hogaa| jise (xiii)

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yaha anubhava huA ho ki maiM hI saba meM phailA huA hU~ yA saba mujhase hI jur3e huye jIvana haiM, jIvana eka hai, AtmabhAva eka hai-usake vyavahAra meM ahiMsA phalita hotI hai| 'ahiMsAbhUtAnAM jagati viditaM brahma paramaM " jo isa anubhava meM nahIM utarA ki maiM jise mAra rahA hU~ vaha maiM hI hU~-vaha bhrama meM jI rahA hai| isalie vaha dUsaroM ko kaSTa pahu~cAne meM Ananda mAna rahA hai| use yaha ilma nahIM hai ki zAyada isIlie yaha sUtra AyA ki dUsaroM kA vadha karanA daraasala khuda kA vadha hai| dUsare para dayA daraasala khuda para dayA hai| parezAM hone vAle to parezAnI saha bhI jAte haiN| parezAM karane vAloM kI parezAnI nahIM jAtI // hiMsA kI sthiti itanI adhika bhayAvaha tathA vikarAla hai ki svayaM ke ahita kI kImata para bhI dUsaroM kA ahita karanA maMjUra hai| merI jAna calI jAye para dUsaroM kA jIvana jarUra lenA hai| mAnava bama kI avadhAraNA isakA jIvanta udAharaNa hai| amerikA meM varlDa TreDa senTara para vaha havAI jahAja le jAkara TakarA diyA jisameM ve AtaMkI svayaM savAra the| khuda kI paravAha nahIM kI, mA~-bApa, patnI-baccoM ko kyA yAda karate? hajAroM nirdoSa logoM kI jAna ke prati karuNA kA to krama hI nahIM aataa| phira pazu-pakSiyoM ke jIvana kI rakSA kA to prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| aisI sthiti meM bhI ahiMsA kI bAta kahanA AzA kI eka kiraNa hai| vo jitanA samarpaNa aura puruSArtha hiMsA ko phailAne ke liye kara rahe haiM, hameM ahiMsaka cintana aura vyavahAra ko phailAne kA kArya utane 1. 2. 3. svayaMbhUstotra - AcArya samantabhadra, zloka- 119 tumasi nAma sacceva, jaM haMtavvaM ti mannasi'- AcArAMga, 5/5/101 jIva vaho appavaho, jIva dayA appaNo dayA ho / samaNasuttaM, gAthA-151 (xiv)

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hI dUne-tigune samarpaNa aura puruSArtha ke sAtha karanA hai| muTThIbhara hiMsaka saMgaThita hokara pUre vizva ko hilA rahe haiM to karor3oM ahiMsaka saMgaThita hokara kyA mAnavatA kI rakSA nahIM kara sakatA? isa bhayAvaha sthiti se nipaTane kA eka mAtra upAya hai ahiMsaka cetanA kA adhika se adhika vikaas| jaba sabhI dvAra baMda dikheM to ahiMsA kA rAstA hI eka mAtra aisA rAstA hai jo saMbhAvanA ke naye dvAra khola sakatA hai| hiMsA-raktapAta ke vAtAvaraNa meM bhI jIvana kI zAMti kI bAta kara sakatA hai, viveka jagA sakatA hai| do vizva yuddha ho cuke haiN| dvitIya vizva yuddha kI vibhISikA loga dekha cuke haiN| kahate haiM ki cauthA vizva yuddha kabhI nahIM hogA kyoMki yadi tRtIya vizva yuddha huA to koI bacegA hI nahIM ki cauthe kI soca skeN| isalie yaha jarUrI ho gayA hai ki hiMsA ke ahiMsaka vikalpa khoje jaayeN| unakA prayoga kiyA jAya, una para amala kiyA jaay| tabhI samasta jIvadhAriyoM kA astitva baca sakatA hai| jIvana surakSita raha sakatA hai| anyathA jisa dina AtaMkiyoM ne una rASTroM para apanA kabjA kara liyA jisane paramANu banA rakhe haiM, vaha dina mAnavatA kA aMtima dina hogaa| yuddha meM ahiMsA ke prayoga kI prathama ghaTanA ahiMsA kI carcA sadA se calatI AyI hai, lekina jaba se rAjanaitika kSetra meM isakA praveza huA hai taba se vaha adhika vimarzaNIya ho gayI hai| prAcInakAla ke bhI kucha udAharaNa haiM jaba yuddha meM ahiMsA kI carcA karake use TAlA gyaa| rAjA RSabhadeva ke putra bharata chaha khaNDa kA rAjya jItakara cakravartI bananA cAhate the kintu unhIM ke laghubhrAtA bAhubalI apane rAjya ke sAtha unakI adhInatA svIkAra na kara sake, yuddha kI naubata A gyii| donoM ora vizAla senAyeM aura do sage bhAI bhISaNa yuddha ko taiyaar| tabhI ahiMsA kA svara gUMjA ki do bhAIyoM ke yuddha meM hajAroM-lAkhoM nirdoSa sainikoM kA saMhAra kyoM? yaha tarka sabhI ko ( v)

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pasanda AyA aura taya huA ki ye do bhAI svayaM Apasa meM tIna yuddha kareM-(1) malla yuddha (2) dRSTi yuddha tathA (3) jala yuddh| hAra-jIta kA phaisalA yahIM ho jaayegaa| bAhubalI yuddha jIta gaye, kintu vicAra kiyA ki isa nazvara saMsAra ke lie sage bhAI se yuddha karanA par3A! hRdaya parivartita huaa| jItakara bhI rAjya kA tyAga kara diyA, use bharata ko de diyA aura svayaM saMyama aura tapa ke mArga para nikala pdd'e| yuddha meM ahiMsA ke prayoga kI yaha prathama ghaTanA hai jaba narasaMhAra ucita nahIM samajhA gyaa| aise aura bhI udAharaNa haiN| anyathA ahiMsA ko dharmakSetra taka hI sImita rakhA jAtA thaa| vaha mAtra mokSa kA sAdhana mAna liyA gayA thaa| rASTra yA samAja vyavasthA meM bhI usakA upayoga sArthaka hai isa viSaya para carcA kama hotI thii| Adhunika yuga meM prayoga Adhunika yuga meM gAMdhI jI ne rAjanaitika kSetra meM ahiMsA kA prayoga kiyaa| unhoMne samAja se isa bar3I bhrAMti ko miTAyA ki ahiMsA mAtra dharma yA sAdhu-sanyAsiyoM ke kAma kI cIja hai| yaha bAta bhI ThIka hai ki bar3I bhrAMnti ko bar3e loga hI miTA pAte haiN| gA~dhI jI ke prayatna se logoM kI samajha meM AyA ki ahiMsA eka vyApaka tattva hai| yaha cintana dharma se AyA hai kintu isakA prayoga mAtra dhArmika kSetra taka sImita nahIM hai| jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM vaha upayogI hai tathA samasyAoM ke sthAyI samAdhAna ke lie eka mAtra AdhAra hai| ikkIsavIM sadI meM annA hajAre jI ne bhraSTAcAra ke viruddha ahiMsaka Andolana karake ahiMsA para AsthA ko bar3hAyA jisase nayI pIr3hI ne bhI usakI kImata ko pahacAnA hai| prAcInakAla se lekara vartamAna taka kA ahiMsA kA yaha saphara hamAre bhItara burAI ke prati acchAI se lar3ane kA vizvAsa paidA karatA hai| ( xvi)

Page #15
ahiMsA : zraddhA aura tarka jaha te na piaM dukkhaM, jANia emeva savvajIvANaM' 'jo du:kha mujhe priya nahIM hai, vahI duHkha dUsare jIvoM ko bhI priya nahIM hai'-basa itanA sA tarka hai| jo yaha samajha le vaha to dharma ko samajha sakatA hai, zAstra ko samajha sakatA hai, jIvana ke rahasya ko samajha sakatA hai| isa loka meM bhI sukhI ho sakatA hai aura para loka meM bhii| mukta bhI yahI ho sakatA hai| sabhI jIvoM ko apane samAna samajhanA koI AsAna bAta nahIM hai, aisA virale hI kara pAte haiM, jo kara lete haiM ve hI ahiMsaka haiM, ve hI paNDita haiM, jJAnI haiN| zAstroM meM kahA hai 'Atmavat sarvabhUteSu yaH pazyati saH paNDitaH' ahiMsA sabhI AtmAoM kA svabhAva hai, vibhAva nhiiN| hiMsA vibhAva hai| apane svabhAva ko chor3akara vibhAva pariNati meM rahane vAlA jIva kabhI na khuda sukha prApta kara sakatA hai na dUsaroM ko pahu~cA sakatA hai| isamalie AtmA hI ahiMsA hai 'attA ceva ahiMsA ahiMsA ko dhAraNa karane vAlA jIva hI isa mAyAvI saMsAra meM rahakara bhI usase nirlipta usI prakAra raha sakatA hai jaise jala meM kamala rahatA hai| kamala jala meM bhI rahatA hai ora jala se bhinna bhI rahatA hai 'kamalamamiva nirUpalepatvaprasiddharahiMsaka eva syAt tabhI to Rgveda ke RSi kahate haiN| 'ahiMsaka mitra kA priya sukha hameM ghara para prApta ho|' samaNasuttaM, gAthA-150 jayadhavalA- AcArya vIrasena, bhAga-1, pR. 34 pravacanasAra-AcAryakundakunda, gAthA-18 para TIkA RgvaMda 5/64/3 ( vii)

Page #16
ahiMsA kI pratiSThA hama sabhI meM se aisA kauna hogA jo yaha nahIM cAhatA ki manuSyoM meM jAti, dharma, rASTra, bhASA Adi ko lekara koI baira bhAva na rhe| sampUrNa vizva meM zAnti rahe, loga lar3eM-jhagar3eM nahIM, mAreM-kATeM nahIM, kintu isake lie kyA karanA hogA? eka hI uttara hai-'ahiMsA kI pratiSThA karanI hogI tabhI yaha saMbhava hai 'ahiMsApratiSThAyAM tatsannidhau vairatyAgaH" Aja vaha samaya aba A gayA hai jaba hameM zAzvata mAnavIya mUlyoM kI rakSA usI prakAra karanI hai jaisA ki hamAre pUrvaja karate Aye haiN| ahiMsA kI gaNanA zAzvata mUlyoM meM sabase pahale isalie kI jAtI hai kyoMki isI se sampUrNa jIvoM kA astittva jur3A huA hai| astittva hI nahIM rahegA to zeSa mUlyoM kA hama kareMge kyA? isIlie kahA gayA hai ki prANiyoM meM anuzAsana bhI ahiMsaka-rIti nIti se kiyA jAnA zreyaskara hai 'ahiMsayaiva bhUtAnAM kAryaM zreyo'nuzAsanam'2 kyoMki ahiMsA sabhI dharmoM meM zreSTha dharma hai|' isa bAta ko gosvAmI tulasIdAsa jI ne rAmacarita mAnasa meM zrutiyoM kI sAkSI se kahA 'paramadharama zruti vidita ahiMsA,'4 vizva zAnti hetu ahiMsA ko jagat kI mAtA kahA gayA hai aura mAnA gayA hai ki yahI AnandAnubhUti kA eka mAtra sAdhana hai 1. 2. 3. yogasUtra- 2/35 manusmRti-2/159 mahAbhArata- 13/11/28, padmapurANa 6 (uttara) 64/63-64 - 'ahiMsA paramodharmaH iti vedeSu gIyate' rAmacaritamAnasa, uttarakANDa, 130-kha (rviii) 4.

Page #17
'ahiMsaiva jaganmAtA'hiMsaivAnandapaddhatiH1 prAkRta Agama sAhitya meM kahA gayA ki jaise bhayabhItoM ko zaraNa, pakSiyoM ko gagana, tRSitoM ko jala, bhUkhoM ko bhojana, samudra meM jahAja, rogiyoM ko auSadha aura vana meM sArthavAha kA sAtha AdhArabhUta hotA hai vaise hI ahiMsA prANiyoM ke lie AdhAra-pratiSThAna hai| jainadharma aura ahiMsA jisa dharma kA sambandha manuSya yA prANI se hai, vaha dharma kisI sampradAya vizeSa kA kaise ho sakatA hai? yahI kAraNa hai ki ahiMsA kA mahattva saMsAra ke sabhI dharmoM tathA mahApuruSoM ne svIkArA hai tathA apane apane tarIke se ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA apane apane graMthoM meM kI hai| inhIM sabhI dharmoM meM Arambha se hI bhArata meM adhyAtma kI sAdhanA kA maMtra batalAtA huA jainadharma bhI bhAratIya saMskRti ko ahiMsA se Aja bhI anuraMjita kiye huye haiN| prAgaitihAsika kAla se hI prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se lekara caubIsaveM kintu antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ahiMsaka jIvana paddhati kI eka vyavasthita rUparekhA hama sabhI ke samajha upasthita kii| yadyapi sabhI dharmoM ne ahiMsA kI mahimA gAyI aura use anukaraNIya batalAyA kintu yaha tathya nirvivAda hai ki ahiMsA kA jitanA sUkSma aura vaijJAnika, vyavasthita aura prAyogika cintana jainadharma ne prastuta kiyA utanA anya dharma ke loga nahIM kara ske| deza-videza ke aneka cintakoM ne isa bAta ko saharSa svIkAra kiyA hai ki ahiMsA jaise zAzvata mUlyoM kI rakSA, usakA prayoga tathA usakA saMvardhana karane meM jaina dharma ne mahAn yogadAna diyA hai| suprasiddha gAMdhIvAdI cintaka, pUrva sAMsada pro. rAmajI siMha likhate haiM 1. 2. jJAnArNava-AcArya zubhacandra, 8/32 prazna vyAkaraNa, saMvara dvAra, 1 (xix )

Page #18
'jainadharma kA yaha saubhAgya hai ki usane ahiMsA ko kevala apanI pahacAna hI nahIM batAyA hai, ahiMsA kI sAdhanA meM vyaktigata, sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika jIvana kA sarvocca mUlya banAyA hai| suprasiddha gAMdhIvAdI cintaka evaM sAhityakAra yazapAla likhate 'mahAvIra se pahale bhI aneka dharma-pravartakoM tathA mahApuruSoM ne ahiMsA ke mahattva evaM usakI upAdeyatA para prakAza DAlA thA, lekina mahAvIra ne ahiMsA-tattva kI jitanI vistRta, sUkSma athavA gahana-mImAMsA kI, utanI zAyada hI aura kisI ne kI ho| unhoMne ahiMsA ko Atmika-unnati ke sopAnoM meM prathama sthAna para rakhA aura usa tattva ko carama sImA taka pahu~cA diyaa| kahanA hogA, ki unhoMne ahiMsA ko saiddhAntika-bhUmikA para hI khar3A nahIM kiyA, use AcaraNa kA adhiSThAna bhI bnaayaa| AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI likhate haiM 'bhagavAn mahAvIra se bar3A ahiMsAvratI koI nahIM huaa| unhoMne vicAroM ke kSetra meM krAntikArI ahiMsakavRtti kA praveza karAyA rASTrapitA mahAtmA gAMdhI ahiMsA ke pujArI the| ve jaina sAdhuoM ke samparka meM bacapana se rhe| zrImad rAjacandra unake ananya mitra the| mahAtmA gA~dhI kahate haiM 'saMsAra ke kisI bhI dharma ne ahiMsA kI itanI sUkSma aura vyApaka-paribhASA nahIM kI hai, jitanI jainadharma ne kI hai| usane ise vizeSa 1. tulasI prajJA, janavarI-mArca, 2011' vizvazAMti ke prati jaina dharma kA avadAna', pR. 94 2. vardhamAna mahAvIra smRti grantha, prakA. jainamitra maMDala, dillI, san-2002, pR. 92 para lekha 'ahiMsA ke AyAma : mahAvIra aura gaaNdhii'| 3. prAkRta vidyA, varSa-13, aMka-2, pR. 30-39

Page #19
rUpa se mana, vacana, kAya se AcaraNa meM utArane para bala diyA hai| ahiMsA kA yaha udAtta - siddhAnta jaba bhI saMsAra meM vyavahAra meM AyegA, to nizcaya hI jainadharma kA vizeSa yogadAna rahegA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nAma 'ahiMsA ke agradUta' ke rUpa meM liyA jaayegaa| yadi kisI ne ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko vikasita kiyA hai, to ve mahAvIra haiN| isa para vicAra kareM aura apane jIvana meM utAreM / ' ataH niHsaMdeha jainadharma darzana ke ahiMsA viSayaka yogadAna ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| ahiMsA ke prati jaina dharma kI atyadhika dRr3hatA kA hI yaha pariNAma hai ki Aja bhI adhikAMza anuyAyI mAMsAhAra ityAdi hiMsaka kurUtiyoM se bace huye haiN| Aja bhI digambara - zvetAmbara jaina muni pUre deza meM naMge paira paidala bhramaNa karate haiN| gA~va-gA~va, zahara-zahara deza ke sabhI vAsiyoM ko ahiMsA - zAkAhAra, tyAga, tapasyA aura saMyama kA upadeza dekara Aja bhI mAnavIya mUlyoM kI pratiSThA meM samarpita haiN| aneka hindU sAdhu santa gobadha Adi ke virodha meM Andolana karate rahate haiN| zAkAhAra ke pracAra-prasAra meM saMlagna rahate haiN| kaI aneka mahApuruSa Aja bhI haiM jo hiMsA ke ghora andhakAra meM bhI ahiMsA kI rozanI karane kA prayAsa lagAtAra kara rahe haiN| hama sabhI ko milakara ahiMsA kA ratha Age kI tarapha le jAnA hai| yaha kisI eka dharma, santa yA vyakti kA kArya nahIM hai| ina zAzvata mUlyoM ke saMrakSaNa aura saMvardhana ke lie sabhI ahiMsA premiyoM ko apane-apane stara para prayAsa karane hoMge tabhI hama mAnavatA kI rakSA sahI arthoM meM kara skeNge| 1. vardhamAna mahAvIra smRti grantha, pR. 57 para uddhRta / ( xxi )

Page #20
viSaya sUcI prathama adhyAya pR.saM. ahiMsA kI pRSThabhUmi ahiMsA kI paribhASA paribhASA kA AdhAra aura pRSThabhUmi ahiMsA niSedhAtmaka yA vidheyAtmaka dvitIya adhyAya 8-31 vibhinna dharmoM meM ahiMsA vaidika dharma aura ahiMsA bauddhadharma aura ahiMsA sikkha dharma aura ahiMsA IsAI dharma aura ahiMsA yahUdIdharma aura ahiMsA islAma dharma aura ahiMsA sUphI darzana aura ahiMsA pArasI dharma aura ahiMsA tRtIya adhyAya 32-53 jainadharma aura ahiMsA jIvo ke prakAra aura ahiMsA pAMca vratoM kA svarUpa (xxiii )

Page #21
ahiMsAvrata satyavrata acauryavrata brahmacaryavrata parigrahaparimANavrata ahiMsaka AcaraNa sambandhI kriyAyeM zAkAhAra pAnI chAnanA rAtri bhojana tyAga lokopakArI kArya mAnasika aura vAcika ahiMsA anekAnta aura syAdvAda ahiMsA ke tIna stara mAnasika vAcika kAyika jaina dharma kI ahiMsA kA prabhAva caturtha adhyAya hiMsA aura usake duSpariNAma 56-63 hiMsA kA svarUpa hiMsA ke kAraNa hiMsA ke pakSa meM galata tarka hiMsA ke prakAra kyA hiMsA kA pUrNa tyAga sambhava hai? hiMsA ke duSpariNAma (xxiv )

Page #22
paJcama adhyAya ahiMsA kI AdhyAtmika sUkSma vyAkhyA 66-71 AtmA kI amaratA kA siddhAnta vItArAgI kriyA se bandhana nahIM jIvana-maraNa sukha-dukha karmo para nirbhara hiMsA-ahiMsA kI bhAvoM para nirbharatA adhyAtma aura adhyAtmAbhAsa SaSTha adhyAya gA~dhI darzana : ahiMsA ke prayoga tathA bhAratIya saMvidhAna 75-86 gAMdhIjI kA darzana satyAgraha chuAchUta kA unmUlana zrama kI mahimA paMcAyatI rAja sAmpradAyika sadbhAvanA gA~dhI jI kA svataMtratA Andolana ahiMsA ke prayoga Avazyaka kyoM? ahiMsA kI eka prAyogika vicAradhArA gA~dhI cintana meM ahiMsA ke krAntikArI sUtra bhAratIya saMvidhAna aura ahiMsA saptama adhyAya 90-109 pramukha bhAratIya cintaka aura ahiMsA AcArya zAntisAgara aura ahiMsA AcArya bhikSu aura ahiMsA (XXV)

Page #23
98 ahiMsA ke AdhyAtmika vyAkhyAtA dalAIlAmA aura ahiMsA maharSi aravinda aura ahiMsA svAmI vivekAnanda aura ahiMsA AcArya rajanIza aura ahiMsA sImAnta gA~dhI aura ahiMsA AcArya vinobA aura ahiMsA aSTama adhyAya 100 101 104 107 109 110-122 110 111 111 ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI avadhAraNA bandUka kI noMka para zAnti kI sthApanA hiMsA prazikSaNa kA bajaTa hiMsA prazikSaNa ke naye naye upAya aura inake kutarka hiMsA kI jar3a hiMsA kA nivAraNa ahiMsA prazikSaNa ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA svarUpa prazikSaNa kA AdhAra ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke cAra AyAma (1) hRdaya parivartana (2) dRSTikoNa parivartana (3) jIvana zailI parivartana (4) vyavasthA parivartana Arthika vyavasthA sAmAjika vyavasthA rAjanaitika vyavasthA 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 119 120 120 121 121 122 ( xxvi)

Page #24
123-132 navama adhyAya sAmAjika jIvana meM ahiMsA kI upayogitA vyavasAya meM ahiMsA rAjanIti meM ahiMsA kAnUna meM ahiMsA cikitsA meM ahiMsA zikSA meM ahiMsA 125 126 128 130 132 dazama adhyAya 134-142 134 135 135 136 zAkAhAra aura paryAvaraNa AhAra aura arAjakatA paryAvaraNa aura jIvana rakSA pazudhana kI sthiti sahaastittva aura paryAvaraNa saMkIrNa cintana aura ghAtaka nItiyA~ svAbhAvika AhAra zAkAhAra mAMsAhAra mAnavatA ke viruddha hai AhAra kA anusandhAna prANa-UrjA zarIra aura AhAra zAkAhAra aura AdhunikatA 136 137 138 140 141 142 pariziSTa 1. madhya kAlIna bhAratIya santa aura ahiMsA 2. islAma para ahiMsA kA prabhAva 3. AtaMka ke naye cehare aura zAnti ahiMsA niSkarSa 144-166 144-149 150-154 155-166 167-172 ( arvii)

Page #25
saMskRtavidyApIThagranthamAlAyAssaptasaptatitamaM puSpam ahiMsA darzana ahiMsA darzana eka anucintana DaoN. anekAnta kumAra jaina DaoN. anekAnta kumAra jaina zrIlAlabahAdurazAstrIrASTriyasaMskRtavidyApITham (mAnitavizvavidyAlayaH) navadehalI

Page #26
prathama adhyAya ahiMsA kI pRSThabhUmi vizva kA pratyeka prANI jIvana jInA cAhatA hai, sirpha jInA hI nahIM cAhatA balki sukhapUrvaka jInA cAhatA hai| mRtyu aura duHkha kisI bhI prANI ko pasanda nahIM haiN| prAkRtika mRtyu, ApadAoM aura du:khoM para to prANI kA vaza nahIM calatA ata: unheM to bhoganA hI par3atA hai kintu kisI dUsare prANI ke dvArA diye gaye duHkha aura mRtyu to use kisI bhI kImata para svIkAra nahIM haiN| yaha tathya kisI dharma, majahaba yA rASTra taka sImita nahIM hai, balki yaha saccAI sArvabhaumika, sArvakAlika aura sArvadezika hai| duniyA yA brahmANDa kA cAhe koI bhI sthAna ho, jahA~-jahA~ jIva, cetanA, rUha, prANI yA phira AtmA vAsa karatI hai, vahA~-vahA~ isa tathya yA saccAI ko koI nakAra nahIM sktaa| hama cAhe kisI bhI rASTra yA majahaba ke hoM athavA manuSya ke alAvA kisI bhI jAti ke prANI hoM, hameM duHkha aura mRtyu kisI bhI tarka se svIkRta nahIM hai| basa, yahI eka AdhAra hai, jisa para AdhArita hai sampUrNa mAnavadharma / sampUrNa vizva meM manuSya haiM aura ve bhI sabhI alaga-alaga dharmoM ko mAnane vAle haiN| choTe-bar3e anekAneka sampradAya sampUrNa vizva meM pracalita haiN| hama yadi gaharAI se vicAra kareM ki una sabhI dharmoM meM kauna sI aisI bAta hai, jo eka jaisI hai? kauna sA aisA siddhAnta hai, jisakA pAlana karane ke lie sabhI dharmaguru prerita karate haiM? to hama pAyeMge ki prema, karuNA, iMsAniyata, mAnavatA,

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ahiMsA darzana dayA, kSamA tathA sabhI ke kalyANa kI bhAvanA, lagabhaga sabhI dharmoM meM samAna haiN| koI bhI dharma yaha nahIM kahatA hai ki dUsare prANI ko duHkha do, jhUTha bolo, corI karo, vyabhicAra karo / dharma yaha kaha bhI nahIM sakatA, kyoMki dharma hI yadi aisA kahegA to phira hama adharma kI kyA paribhASA kareMge ? taba to dharma aura adharma ke bIca vibhAjaka rekhA khIMcanA atyanta kaThina ho jaaegaa| 2 yadi hama mAnava haiM kintu hamameM mAnavIyatA nahIM hai, iMsAna haiM, kintu hamameM iMsAniyata nahIM hai aura yadi dUsare prANiyoM ko jAna se mAranA yA phira unheM duHkha pahu~cAnA hI hamArA kArya hai to sabase pahale hameM svayaM marane aura duHkha bhogane ko taiyAra rahanA cAhie kyoMki aise vicAra sirpha hamAre hI nahIM haiN| sAmane vAle ke bhI ho sakate haiM phira bhI yadi hameM yaha svIkRta hai taba to koI nahIM bacegA, saba samApta ho jaaegaa| gA~dhI jI kahA karate the ki A~kha ke badale A~kha phor3ane kI saMskRti rahI to eka dina pUrA saMsAra aMdhA ho jaayegaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki pRthvI para saba niyamoM ke pahale, sabase pahalA niyama ubharakara AyA - 'jiyo aura jIne do' aura yahI manuSyadharma kI pahalI sIr3hI hai| jisa taraha hama jInA cAhate haiM, usI prakAra dUsarA prANI bhI jInA cAhatA hai| isa duniyA meM sirpha hama hI nahIM haiM, hamArI hI taraha dUsare bhI haiN| yadi hama kisI ko jIvana nahIM de sakate to jIvana lene kA bhI hamArA koI adhikAra nahIM hai / isa avadhAraNA ke AdhAra para 'ahiMsAdarzana' kA janma huA, yahI ahiMsA darzana kI pRSThabhUmi bhI hai aura AdhArabhUmi bhI / ahiMsA kevala eka vrata nahIM hai, eka vicAra hai, eka samagra cintana hai ahiMsA kisI mandira, masjida, carca yA gurudvAre para jAkara subaha-zAma sampanna kI jAne vAlI koI pUjA, namAja, preyara yA prArthanA nahIM hai; vaha jIvana meM caritArtha kiyA jAne vAlA eka sampUrNa jIvanadarzana hai aura saMsAra ke sabhI dharmoM kA mUla hai|

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prathama adhyAya manuSyatA kI paribhASA yadi eka hI zabda meM karane kI AvazyakatA par3e to 'ahiMsA' ke atirikta koI dUsarA zabda khojanA kaThina hogA, jo mAnavatA kI garimA kA saMpUrNa rUpa se vahana kara ske| ahiMsA kI paribhASA hiMsA aura ahiMsA kI paribhASA apanI suvidhA ke anusAra nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki 'na hi bhaiSajamAturecchAnukAri' arthAt rogI kI icchA ke anusAra davA nahIM dI jA sakatI, vaha roga aura usakI prakRti ke anusAra DaoNkTara yA vaidya ke viveka ke AdhAra para hI dI jAtI hai; ata: hiMsA-ahiMsA ke mUlasvarUpa ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| tattvArthasUtra nAmaka pahalI zatAbdI ke saMskRta grantha meM AcArya umAsvAmI ne hiMsA kI paribhASA dI - 'pramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNaM hiMsA" arthAt pramAdabhAva ke kAraNa kisI prANI ke prANoM kA ghAta karanA, hiMsA hai| yahA~ hiMsA kA artha, mAtra prANoM kA haraNa karanA hI nahIM hai| gAlI denA, pITanA, aGga-bhaGga karanA, du:kha denA ityAdi ke bhAva evaM kriyAe~ bhI hiMsA ke antargata AtI haiN| jaise, eka manuSya bhArata meM rahatA hai aura dUsarA manuSya anyatra kisI dUsare deza meM rahatA hai| vaha vahA~ baiThA-baiThA yahA~ rahane vAle vyakti ke prati aniSTa cintana karatA hai, usase yahA~ rahane vAle vyakti kA aniSTa hotA hai yA nahIM - yaha to bAda kA prazna hai, para aniSTa cintana karane vAlA vyakti nizcitarUpa se azAnta va hiMsaka hotA hI hai| hiMsA kA sambandha mUlata: vyakti kI apanI vRttiyoM yA bhAvoM se hai| vRttiyoM ke patana se hiMsA avazyambhAvI hai| jahA~ vRtti samyak hotI hai, vahA~ hiMsA nahIM hotii| isa tattva ko isa prakAra bhI samajhA jA sakatA hai ki hiMsA kA artha hai - mana, vANI aura kAyA kA aniyantraNa arthAt prmaad| mana, vANI aura kAyA para viveka kA aMkuza na rahe - yaha hiMsA hai, jabaki ahiMsA hai - mana, vacana aura kAyA kA saMyama arthAt apanI hara pravRtti para viveka kA aNkush| 1. tattvArthasUtra 7.13

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ahiMsA darzana bhAratIya saMskRti adhyAtma - pradhAna saMskRti hai / adhyAtma kI AtmA hai 'ahiMsA' ahiMsA sabhI dharmoM kA sAra hai ahiMsA se zUnya dharma, prANa vihIna zarIra ke samAna hai ahiMsA kI paribhASAoM kI paridhi itanI adhika | vistRta hai ki kahIM-kahIM usakA kendra bhI adRzya - sA ho jAtA hai / eka dRSTi se yaha eka vizAla rAjapatha hai lekina dUsarI dRSTi se ise sa~karI pagaDaNDI se upamita kiyA jAtA hai| yaha eka aisI pagaDaNDI hai, jisake donoM ora gaharI ghATiyA~ haiN| parvatArohI jaba pagaDaNDI ke sahAre Upara car3hatA hai, taba donoM tarapha kI gaharI ghATiyoM meM use kSaNa-kSaNa khataroM kI sambhAvanA banI rahatI hai, thor3A-sA dhyAna ba~Tate hI paira phisala sakatA hai| isI prakAra ahiMsA kA patha bhI talavAra kI dhAra se bhI adhika sakarA hai, isa sthiti meM koI sAhasI vyakti hI isa para calane kA sAhasa kara sakatA hai| yaha bAta sahI hai ki zuddha ahiMsA kA mArga AsAna nahIM hai, para yaha bhI utanA hI saca hai ki isa patha para Age cale binA koI bhI mahAn nahIM bana sakatA / vizva kA itihAsa isa tathya kA sAkSI hai ki jitane bhI vyakti mahAna bane haiM, unheM ahiMsA kA Azraya lenA hI par3A hai| ahiMsA kI vyApakatA, mahanIyatA aura upayogitA hameM prerita karatI hai ki usake svarUpa kA eka sArvabhaumika vizleSaNa ho, jo use sArthaka aura samucitarUpa se paribhASita kara ske| dazavIM zatI ke AcArya amRtacandra ne ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA ke lie saMskRta bhASA meM eka grantha likhA hai 'puruSArthasiddhayupAya' / isa grantha meM ahiMsA kI eka sArvabhaumika aura sArvakAlika paribhASA prApta hotI hai - aprAdurbhAvaH khalu rAgAdInAM bhavatyahiMseti / teSAmevotpattiH hiMseti jinAgamasya saMkSepaH / arthAt AtmA meM rAga-dveSa Adi vikArIbhAvoM kI utpatti nahIM honA hI ahiMsA hai aura una rAgAdi vikArIbhAvoM kI utpatti honA hI hiMsA hai| 1. puruSArthasiddhayupAya- 44

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prathama adhyAya yadi AtmA yA mana meM hInabhAva janma le rahe haiM to samajha leM ki nizcitarUpa se hiMsA ho rahI hai aura yadi AtmA apane zuddhasvabhAva meM avasthita hai, vahA~ rAga-dveSAdi bhAvoM kI hiloreM nahIM haiM to nizcita hI vahA~ ahiMsA hai| isa paribhASA ko kendra meM rakhakara hI sampUrNa 'ahiMsAdarzana' kI vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai| yadi kendra meM yaha paribhASA nahIM rahegI to ahiMsAdarzana apane mUla uddezya se bhaTaka sakatA hai| ahiMsAdarzana kA mUla uddezya hai - sabhI jIvoM kA kalyANa aura Atmika zAnti yA AtmAnubhUti kI praapti| paribhASA kA AdhAra aura pRSThabhUmi yahA~ prazna ho sakatA hai ki hiMsA-ahiMsA kI isa paribhASA kA AdhAra AtmA ke azuddha-zuddhabhAva kyoM haiM? - yaha prazna bhI koI nayA nahIM hai, bahuta purAnA hai| isakA samAdhAna bhI bahuta pahale hI khojA jA cukA hai kyoMki hiMsA-ahiMsA kA sambandha jIvoM ke marane yA na marane para hI nirdhArita nahIM hai, usa para nirdhArita kiyA bhI nahIM jA sktaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki ukta paribhASA kA AdhAra vyakti ke bhItara khojA gyaa| yadi dUsare ke marane yA na marane ke AdhAra para hiMsA-ahiMsA kI carcA kareMge to koI bhI, kabhI bhI pUrNa ahiMsaka nahIM ho skegaa| cUMki sampUrNa jagat jIvoM se bharA par3A hai| isa jagat ke pratyeka choTe se choTe bhAga meM asaMkhya-ananta dRzya-adRzya jIva bhare par3e haiM to phira unakI hiMsA se kaise aura kisa prakAra bacA jA sakegA? isIlie uttara AyA ki bacane kA sAdhana tumhAre bhItara hai| tumhArI AtmA hI ahiMsA hai aura tumhArI AtmA hI hiMsA hai| AtmA yadi apramatta hai, rAga-dveSa se pare hai to ahiMsA hai aura yadi AtmA pramatta hai, rAga-dveSa se yukta hai to hiMsaka hai|' ahiMsA kA hetu hai - apramAda, jabaki hiMsA kA hetu hai - prmaad| vAstava meM ahiMsA kI bhASA aura paribhASA meM viveka karanA atyanta Avazyaka hai| 1. attA ceva ahiMsA, attA hiMsati Nicchao sme| jo hodi appamatto, ahiMsago hiMsago idro|| -bhagavatI ArAdhanA-803

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ahiMsA darzana ahiMsA kI bhASA dUsare ke prANoM ko nahIM lene se jur3I hai jabaki usakI paribhASA apramattabhAva se jur3I hai| dUsare ko duHkha nahIM denA, unake prANa nahIM lenA - yaha ahiMsA kI bhASA hai aura rAga-dveSabhAva se rahita apramatta honA - yaha ahiMsA kI paribhASA hai| ahiMsA : niSedhAtmaka (Negative) yA vidheyAtmaka (Positive)? 'ahiMsA' eka nakArAtmaka zabda hai| mUla zabda hai 'hiNsaa'| isake Age 'a' jor3ane se hiMsA kA virodha ho jAtA hai| na hiMsA ahiMsA'- yaha to mAtra ekAGgI niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa hai| prazna ho sakatA hai ki mAtra kyA nahIM mAranA, nahIM satAnA, du:kha nahIM denA ityAdi 'nahIM karanA' hI ahiMsA hai ? yA phira ahiMsA ke sAtha kucha 'karanA' bhI jur3A hai ? nahIM karanA-nahIM karanA kI bhASA manuSya ko vicalita bhI kara detI hai| karmazIla manuSya ko kyA karanA? kaise karanA? kaba karanA? kI bhASA jyAdA rucikara lagatI hai| ahiMsA ko sarvAGgINarUpa se samajhane ke lie isake vidheyArtha aura niSedhArtha, donoM rUpoM ko samajhanA jarUrI hai| ahiMsA ke sandarbha meM 'kisI prANI ke prANoM kA viyojana nahIM karanA' - isakA jitanA mUlya hai, usase adhika mUlya hai- 'kisI bhI prANI ke prati aniSTa (asat) cintana nahIM karanA' tathA usakI rakSA krnaa| asat vicAra, asat vacana evaM asat pravRtti tInoM hiMsA haiN| jitanA bhI jhUTha bolA jAtA hai, vaha hiMsA kI preraNA se hI bolA jAtA hai| asat vicAra yA cintana aura asat vANI kI taraha asat pravRtti yA vyavahAra bhI hiMsA hai, cAhe vaha kisI ke bhI prati ho| manuSya kI pravRtti sat evaM asat, donoM hI prakAra kI hotI hai| jisa pravRtti ke sAtha asat zabda kA prayoga hotA hai, vaha hiMsA se saMyukta hotI hI hai| dUsaroM ke prati dveSa yA IrSyA kI bhAvanA, unheM girAne kA manobhAva aura unakI bar3hatI huI pratiSThA ko rokane ke sAre prayatna, hiMsA meM antargarbhita haiN| dUsaroM ke mana meM bhaya utpanna karanA, unake sAmane duHkhada paristhitiyA~

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prathama adhyAya ubhAra denA, unake vikAsa ke mArga meM bAdhA pahu~cAnA Adi pravRttiyA~ bhI hiMsA kI paridhi meM samAviSTa haiN| ina pravRttiyoM kA sarvathA nirodha ahiMsA kA Adarza hai| yaha ahiMsA kA nakArAtmaka (Negative) pakSa hai| apane sakArAtmaka (Positive) pakSa meM 'ahiMsA' samatA, karuNA, maitrI, saMyama, zAnti Adi udAttavRttiyoM se anubandhita hai| yahA~ ahiMsA kA vAcyArtha 'na mArane' taka kI sImA meM Abaddha nahIM hai lekina jahA~ yaha pratibaddhatA jur3a jAtI hai, vahA~ ahiMsA kA vyApaka artha eka choTe se dAyare meM samA jAtA hai| samatA kA dharAtala asIma hai| maitrI kI paudha isI dharAtala para phalI-phUlI raha sakatI hai, isase apanI hI taraha dUsaroM ko bhI samajhane kI bhAvanA vikasita hotI hai| isase prerita vyakti hI ahiMsA ko samajha sakatA hai aura usakA pAlana kara sakatA hai| zAstroM meM ahiMsA ke aneka nAma ginAye gaye haiN| maitrI, samatA, zAnti, bandhutva, abhaya, apramAda, vizuddha prema yA karuNA - ye saba ahiMsA ke hI paryAyavAcI haiN| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki ahiMsA kevala nakArAtmaka nahIM hai, usakA sakArAtmaka svarUpa bhI bahuta vyApaka hai| yadyapi zAbdika vyutpatti ke AdhAra para usakA artha nakArAtmaka hai kintu usakI paribhASA meM jitanA vyApaka nakArAtmaka artha garbhita hai, utanA hI vyApaka sakArAtmaka artha bhI pratiSThita hai| jisa prakAra kisI ko na mAranA, na satAnA, ahiMsA kI paribhASA meM abhidheya hai; usI prakAra maitrI aura bandhutva kA bartAva rakhanA bhI usakI paribhASA meM samAviSTa hai| ahiMsA, vidheyAtmaka aura niSedhAtmaka, donoM pahaluoM kA eka samAna dRSTi se avalokana karatI hai| ahiMsA ke kevala niSedhAtmaka rUpa ko lenA, vAstava meM usakI ekAGgI vyAkhyA hai| ahiMsA kevala nivRttimUlaka nahIM hai pravRtti mUlaka bhI hai| vaha kevala siddhAnta nahIM - jIvana prayoga bhI hai| vaha buddhi vilAsa kA sAdhana nahIM balki bhAvanAtmaka vikAsa kA sAtvika sAdhana hai jisakA sambandha sahaastittva se jur3A huA hai|

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30 hai| ahiMsA darzana sUphIdarzana kA rahasya hai paramAtmA sambandhI satya kA parijJAna karanA / paramAtma-tattva kI upalabdhi ke lie sAMsArika vastuoM kA parityAga krnaa| jaba paramAtma-tattva kI anveSaNA hI sUphiyoM kA lakSya rahA hai to hiMsA ahiMsA kA prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotaa| hiMsA ahiMsA kA prazna yahA~ utpanna hotA hai, jahA~ kisI ke prati rAgabhAva kA prAdhAnya ho aura kisI ke prati dveSa kI dAvAgni sulaga rahI ho; vahIM hiMsA kA prAdhAnya rahatA hai| sUphI sampradAya meM prema ke Adhikya para bala diyA gayA hai| ve paramAtmA ko priyatama mAnakara sAMsArika prema ke mAdhyama se priyatama ke sannikaTa pahu~canA cAhate haiN| unake anusAra mAnavIya prema hI AdhyAtmika prema kA sAdhana hai| prema paramAtmA kA sAra hai| prema hI Izvara kI arcanA karane kA sarvazreSTha aura sarvotkRSTa rUpa hai| isa prakAra sUphI sampradAya meM, prema ke rUpa meM ahiMsA kI udAtta bhAvanA panapI hai| prema ke virATa rUpa kA jo citraNa sUphI sampradAya meM huA, vaha adbhuta hai| yadi hama sUkSmadRSTi se dekheM to pAe~ge ki islAmika vizvAsa, vacana aura karmakANDa (Practice), isake bAharI rUpa haiM, jabaki isakA Antarika rUpa sUphImata hai; ataH janasAdhAraNa kA nItigata vicAra bhI sAmAjika aura vyAvahArika ke niyamoM ke antargata pAyA jAtA hai, para isakA Antarika rUpa sUphI vicAroM meM hI dekhA jAtA hai| jahA~ taka sUphI mata kA prazna hai, usameM Atma-vikAsa (Development of the Soul) kA pATha sikhAyA gayA hai| isameM bahuta U~ce Antarika AcAra kI bAteM batAI gaI haiN| islAma ke anusAra saccA jehAda to apanI zArIrika tRSNAoM athavA vAsanAoM ke viruddha karanA caahie| adhyAtma kI dRSTi se sUphI ahiMsA ke adhika karIba dikhAyI dete haiN|

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tRtIya adhyAya jainadharma aura ahiMsA jainadharma ke anusAra isa jagat (sampUrNa sRSTi) ko banAne vAlA nirmAtA, usakI racanA karane vAlA koI Izvara, brahmA, paramabrahma yA allAha nahIM hai aura na hI aisA koI mahAzaktizAlI hai jo isa jagat kA vinAza karane meM samartha ho| jainadharma ke anusAra pratyeka jIva pUrNa zuddhatA ko prApta kara paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| jagat meM anAdikAla se jIva-ajIva padArtha haiM, jIvoM meM hiMsA jaisA vikAra bhI anAdi se hI hai, ataH usa hiMsA se bacane ke lie ahiMsA evaM usakA upadeza karane vAlA arthAt ise apanI mUla dhurI mAnane vAlA sanAtana jainadharma bhI anAdikAla se hI vidyamAna mAnA jAtA hai| jainadharma bahuta prAcIna dharma hai| kintu aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI jainadharma kama se kama utanA prAcIna to hai hI jitanA ki vaidikdhrm| vedoM tathA isa viSayaka anyAnya zAstroM meM bhI jainadharma ke prathama tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva tathA zramaNa saMskRti viSayaka aneka pramANoM kA ullekha bar3e hI sammAna ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| jainadharma ke pravartaka prathama tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva mAne jAte haiN| tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva ke bAda hajAroM-lAkhoM varSoM ke antarAla meM teIsa tIrthaGkara aura hue, jinameM tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha teisaveM evaM tIrthaGkara mahAvIra caubIsaveM tIrthaGkara hue| inhIM antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM ke saGkalana ko Agama, jinAgama yA jainAgama kahA jAtA hai| jainoM ke mUla Agama zAstra prAkRtabhASA meM haiM, jo una dinoM janasAmAnya kI mAtRbhASA thii| bAda meM jainAcAryoM ne hajAroM zAstra tathA TIkA granthoM kA praNayana saMskRta bhASA meM kiyaa|

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tRtIya adhyAya 33 bhArata ke dUsare rASTrapati aura vizvavikhyAta dArzanika sarvapallI DaoN. rAdhAkRSNanana ne apanI pustaka 'iNDiyana philaoNsaphI' (prathama khaNDa) meM jainadharma kI prAcInatA batalAte hue likhA hai - "pramANa upalabdha haiM, jo batAte haiM ki bahuta pahale se hI, prathama zatAbdI (IsA pUrva) se hI aise loga the, jo RSabhadeva prathama tIrthaGkara kI upAsanA karate the| isameM kisI prakAra kA saMzaya nahIM ki varddhamAna athavA pArzvanAtha se pUrva se hI jainadharma pracalita thaa| yajurveda meM RSabhadeva, ajitanAtha evaM ariSTanemi, tIna tIrthaGkaroM ke nAma ullikhita haiN| bhagavad purANa isa vicAra kA samarthana karatA hai ki RSabhadeva jainadharma ke pravartaka the|" isI prakAra rASTrakavi aura vidvAna rAmadhArI siMha dinakara likhate haiM- "jainadharma adhika, bahuta adhika prAcIna hai, balki yaha utanA hI purAnA hai, jitanA vaidikdhrm| jaina anuzruti ke anusAra caudaha manu hue haiN| antima manu nAbhirAya the, unhIM ke putra RSabhadeva hue, jinhoMne ahiMsA aura anekAntavAda Adi kA pravartana kiyaa|..... 'bharata', RSabhadeva ke hI putra the, jinake nAma para hamAre deza kA nAma 'bhArata' pdd'aa|" ahiMsA, jainadharma kA prANa hai| jainadharma kI ahiMsA kA mUla AdhAra samatA hai| samatA se AtmasAmya kI nirmaladRSTi prApta hotI hai| vizva meM jitanI bhI AtmAe~ haiM, una sabhI ke prati samatvadRSTi rakhanA cAhie kyoMki jitanI bhI AtmAe~ haiM, sabhI jIva haiM; una sabhI meM eka samAna jJAna-darzana kI jyoti hai, sabhI ke guNa-dharma samAna haiM, sabhI ko eka hI sadRza sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti hotI hai, sabhI ko jIne meM Ananda AtA hai aura marane meM kaSTa hotA hai| kUkara, zUkara aura gandagI meM bilabilAte hue kIr3oM meM bhI jijIviSA hai| una sabakI bhI yahI icchA hai ki hameM mRtyu na Ae aura yahI icchA svarga meM rahane vAle deva aura indra kI bhI hai| 1. 2. iNDiyana philaoNsaphI, khaNDa-1 pR. 287 saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya, pRSTha 101

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ahiMsA darzana jisakA jIvana sukha ke sAgara meM nimagna hai, vaha bhI jInA cAhatA hai aura duHkha dAvAgni meM jisakA jIvana sulaga rahA hai, vaha bhI jInA cAhatA hai| jaba yaha mAnava apanI AtmA ke samAna anya prANiyoM ko samajhatA hai to vaha hiMsA jaise nikRSTatama kRtya ko kaise kara sakatA hai ? arthAt nahIM kara sktaa| isa prakAra jainadharma ke anusAra dravya dRSTi se sabhI AtmAe~ samAna haiN| jIvoM ke prakAra aura ahiMsA 34 - jainadharma ke anusAra saMsAra ke samasta prANI 'trasa' aura 'sthAvara' ke rUpa meM do prakAra ke haiM / svataH jo cala-phira nahIM sakate aise pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu tathA vanaspati, ye pA~ca sthAvara yA sthira jIva haiM, inameM mAtra eka 'sparzana-indriya' hI hotI hai| inake atirikta jo svayaM calate-phirate dikhAyI dete haiM, ve saba trasa yA jaGgama jIva haiM, ye do indriya se lekara pA~ca indriya vAle hote haiN| atyanta sUkSma kITANuoM se lekara jalacara, nabhacara aura thalacara, pazu-pakSI, manuSya, nArakI aura deva Adi sRSTi ke samasta prANI, isa trasa yA jaGgama kI paribhASA ke antargata Ate haiN| gRhastha vyakti ko apanA jIvana nirvAha karane ke lie jo kArya karane par3ate haiM, unameM sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA nirantara hotI hI rahatI hai, vaha laukika jIvana kI anivAryatA hai; ataH usake sarvathA tyAga kA upadeza nahIM diyA gayA hai| itanI apekSA avazya kI gaI hai ki ahiMsA kA Adara karane vAle vyakti ke dvArA pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati Adi kA bhI yatnAcArapUrvaka upayoga kiyA jAe, usakA AcaraNa karane se ina sthAvara jIvoM kA bhI nirarthaka vinAza nahIM hogA aura isase paryAvaraNa bhI surakSita evaM santulita rhegaa| yadi hamArI asAvadhAnI, lAparavAhI yA pramAdavaza ina sthAvara jIvoM kA bhI AvazyakatA se adhika ghAta hotA hai to vaha aparAdha mAnA jAtA hai Aja paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa aura asantulana kI samasyA kA bhI yaha mUlabhUta kAraNa hai ki hamane ina sthAvara jIvoM kA AvazyakatA se adhika dohana kiyA hai / 1. saMsAriNastrasasthAvarA: / ta0 sU0 2/12

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35 tRtIya adhyAya trasa-jIvoM kI rakSA ke lie manuSya ko pratikSaNa taiyAra rahanA caahie| suvicArita jIvanazailI meM kahIM bhI, eka bhI trasa-jIva kA vighAta anivArya nahIM hai; ata: usase to bacanA hI caahie| jainadharma meM hiMsA ke doSa kA nirNaya usakI kaSAya aura pramAda ke AdhAra para hI kiyA jAtA hai| krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha - ye cAra kaSAyeM aura ajJAna - ye hiMsA kI nIMva haiN| kaSAya hotI hai to hiMsA hotI hai, kaSAya nahIM hotI to hiMsA bhI ghaTita nahIM hotI hai| isI prakAra kaSAya jitanI manda hotI hai, hiMsA utanI hI kama hotI hai aura kaSAya jitanI tIvra hotI hai, hiMsA utanI adhika hotI hai| hiMsA kA stara nirdhArita karane ke lie jainadharma meM do sAdhana mAne gaye haiM - jIvoM kA antara (bheda) aura kaSAyabhAvoM kI maatraa| yadi sabhI jIvoM kI hiMsA kA kuphala samAna hotA yA hiMsA kA pApa, hiMsita jIvoM kI saMkhyA para nirbhara hotA to eka vyakti jo do-cAra gAjara-mUlI ukhAr3a letA hai aura dUsarA vyakti jo eka manuSya kI hatyA kara detA hai, donoM ko samAna pApI mAnA jAtA, balki manuSya kA hatyArA kama pApI mAnA jAtA kyoMki usane to sirpha eka prANI kI hI hatyA kI hai| parantu aisA nahIM hai kyoMki jina jIvoM kA vighAta huA hai, una donoM jIvoM ke indriya viSayaka vikAsa meM mahAna antara hai| eka, eka-indriya vAlA hai aura dUsarA pA~ca-indriya vAlA hai| sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA ke samaya usakI ora se na koI pratikAra hotA hai, na kisI taraha ke duHkha kI bhAvanA vyakta hotI hai| isalie ye pRthvIjala-agni-vAyu aura vanaspati ina ekendriya sthAvara kAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA ke samaya hiMsaka ke mana meM vizeSa krUratA yA kaSAyabhAva AnA anivArya nahIM hai, isalie usa hiMsA kA alpadoSa mAnA hai| lekina jaise-jaise hama eka-indriya se lekara pA~ca-indriya ke jIvoM kI hiMsA kI ora kramazaH Age bar3hate haiM, vaise-vaise mArane vAle ke mana meM kaSAya kI mAtrA bar3hatI jAtI hai, AtmapariNAmoM meM krUratA anivArya hotI jAtI hai; ata: usameM uttarottara adhika hiMsA hotI hai, usakA phala bhI vaisA hI adhika hotA hai|

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36 ahiMsA darzana pA~ca vratoM kA svarUpa sUtra jainadharma kA eka prasiddha sUtra hai 'parasparopagraho jIvAnAm" / yaha jainadharma ke pratIka cihna ke sAtha aGkita hai / isa sUtra kA artha hai ki 'jIvoM meM paraspara upakAra arthAt nimittapanA hotA hai'; vAstava meM koI jIva kisI anya kA bhalA burA kara nahIM sakatA, kyoMki sabhI jIva apane-apane bhale-bure karmoM kA hI phala bhogate haiM parantu vyavahAra se jIvadhAriyoM meM vizeSakara vivekazIla mAnava kA, yaha punIta kartavya hai ki vaha dUsare jIvoM kI sahAyatA kare, unakI rakSA kareM; unheM satAye nahIM aura unheM duHkha pahu~cAne meM bhI nimitta nahIM bne| isI pavitra bhAvanA ko lakSya meM rakhakara jainadharma meM pA~ca vratoM kA pratipAdana huA - ye pA~ca aNuvrata bhI hote haiM aura mahAvrata bhii| ina pA~ca vratoM kA AMzika pAlana, aNuvrata kahalAtA hai; ise gRhastha loga pAlana karate haiM tathA inhIM pA~ca vratoM kA pUrNarUpa se nirdoSa pAlana mahAvrata kahalAtA hai, jise munirAja pAlana karate haiN| ye pA~ca vrata haiM. 1. ahiMsA, 2. satya, 3. asteya, 4. brahmacarya, 5. aparigraha ina pA~ca vratoM meM ahiMsA hI pramukha hai| yahI sAdhya hai, zeSa cAroM isI ke sAdhaka haiM? jisa prakAra kisAna phasala kI rakSA ke lie kheta ke cAroM tarapha bAr3a lagA dete haiM; usI prakAra satya, acaurya Adi sabhI vrata ahiMsA kI rakSA ke lie hI haiN| ina vratoM kI rakSA aura vRddhi ke lie pratyeka vrata kI pA~ca-pA~ca bhAvanAe~ tathA ina vratoM ko dUSita karane vAle pA~ca-pA~ca aticAroM kA vivecana bhI jaina zAstroM meM varNita hai / ahiMsAvrata hiMsA kA tyAga karanA, ahiMsAvrata hai| AMzika rUpa se isa vrata kA pAlana karanA, ahiMsA aNuvrata kahalAtA hai tathA pUrNarUpa se pAlana karanA, 1. tattvArthasUtra, 5/21 2. tattvArthasUtra 7/1 3. anRtavacanAdikevalamudAhRtaM ziSyabodhAya / / - pu. si. u. -42

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tRtIya adhyAya ahiMsA mahAvrata kahalAtA hai| 'ahiMsA aNuvrata ke pA~ca aticAra haiN| jo pratyakSataH koI bar3e pApa pratIta nahIM hote, kintu jinake karane se vratoM meM doSa lagatA hai, unheM aticAra kahate haiN| ahiMsAvrata ke pA~ca aticAra haiM - 1. bandhana - kisI jIva ko jabaradastI bA~dha kara rakhanA, piMjare Adi meM banda karanA, bandhana kahalAtA hai| 2. pIr3ana - beMta, cAbuka Adi se jIvoM ko mAranA, kaThora vacanoM kA prayoga kara unheM pIr3A pahu~cAnA, pIr3ana kahalAtA 3. chedana - jAnavaroM ke kAna-nAka Adi aGgoM ko chedanA, usameM nakela Adi lagAnA, chedana kahalAtA hai| 4. atibhArAropaNa - lobha ke kAraNa kisI jIva para usakI sAmarthya se jyAdA bojha lAda denA, atibhArAropaNa kahalAtA 5. anna-pAna nirodha - apane adhIna jIvoM ko bhUkha-pyAsa Adi kI bAdhA utpanna karanA, anna-pAnanirodha kahalAtA hai| ahiMsAvrata ke saMvardhana ke lie jaina zAstroM meM pA~ca bhAvanAoM kI bAta kahI gayI hai, ve pA~ca bhAvanAe~ haiM - 1. manogupti - mana ko niyantrita rakhanA tathA use viSaya-vAsanAoM kI ora nahIM jAne denA, manogupti kahalAtI hai| 1. vahI, 7.2, bandhavadhacchedAtibhArAropaNAnapAnanirodhAH / vahI 7/25 vahI,7.14 guptiyoM ke tIna prakAra haiM - manogupti, vacanagupti aura kaaygupti| kAyagupti kA sIdhA sambandha ahiMsA se hai hI, ata: use to ahiMsA kI mUla paribhASA meM zAmila kiyA gayA hai, zeSa manogupti aura vacanagupti ke paripAlana ko bhAvanAoM ke

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ahiMsA darzana 2. vacanagupti vacana ke dvArA anargala yA nirarthaka pralApa nahIM karanA, visaMvAda, gAlI-galauca, apazabda Adi se svayaM ko bacAkara rakhanA, vacanagupti kahalAtI hai| 3. IryAsamiti - uThane-baiThane, calane-phirane tathA aura bhI aneka prakAra kI kriyAe~ karate samaya isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhanA ki hamArI ina kriyAoM se kinhIM choTe-bar3e jIvoM ko kaSTa na pahu~ce yA unakA jIvana na calA jAe, isakA pAlana karanA, IryAsamiti kahalAtI 4. AdAnanikSepaNa samiti- sAvadhAnIpUrvaka vastuoM ko uThAnA aura rakhanA, tAki choTe-choTe jIvoM kI hiMsA na ho, isakA pAlana karanA, AdAnanikSepaNa samiti kahalAtI 5. Alokita-pAnabhojana samiti - isakA artha hai ki dina ke prakAza meM hI nirdoSa bhojana grahaNa krnaa| bhojana karane meM sApha-saphAI kA dhyAna rakhanA, sAttvika-zAkAhAra hI grahaNa karanA aura sUryAsta ke pahale bhojana karanA, AlokitapAnabhojana samiti kahalAtI hai| isa prakAra ina bhAvanAoM se ahiMsAvrata samRddha aura vRddhiMgata hotA hai| satyavrata satya aura ahiMsA kA paraspara bahuta gaharA sambandha hai| eka ke abhAva meM dUsare kA pAlana sambhava nahIM hai| ye donoM paraspara eka-dUsare ke antargata liyA gayA hai, isI prakAra yadyapi samitiyA~ pA~ca haiM, para jina samitiyoM kA sIdhA sambandha ahiMsA se hai, unheM ahiMsAvrata meM aura jina samitiyoM kA sambandha anya satyavrata, acauryavrata Adi se hai, unheM una-una vratoM kI bhAvanAoM ke antargarbhita kiyA gayA hai|

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tRtIya adhyAya 39 pUraka haiN| ahiMsA yathArtha ko saundarya pradAna karatI hai, aura yathArtha, ahiMsA ko surakSA detA hai ahiMsA rahita satya, kurUpa hai aura satyarahita ahiMsA, kSaNasthAyI hai, asurakSita hai| isalie ahiMsA kI ArAdhanA ke lie satya kI ArAdhanA anivArya hai| jhUTha nahIM bolanA tathA hita- mita-priya vacana bolanA satyavrata hai| satyavrata ko dUSita karane vAle, pA~ca aticAra haiM 1. parivAda 2. raho bhyAkhyAna - kisI ke gopanIya rahasyoM ko ujAgara karanA, pralobhana meM Akara deza kI rakSA, udyoga yA arthavyavasthA sambandhI sUcanAe~ Adi virodhiyoM ko denA, rahobhyAkhyAna kahalAtA hai| 3. paizUnya nindA karanA, gAlI denA, vacanoM se aisA vAtAvaraNa banAnA, jisase parivAra, samAja, rASTra Adi meM azAnti utpanna honA, parivAda kahalAtA hai| 1. 2. kinhIM do logoM ko lar3avAne ke lie cugalI karanA, idhara-udhara kI bAteM karanA, pITha pIche burAI Adi karanA, paizUnya kahalAtA hai| 4. kUTalekhakriyA - nakalI dastAveja banAnA, jhUThe sarTiphikeTa banAnA, jAlI hastAkSara, likhA-par3hI meM phera-badala karanA Adi kUTalekhakriyA kahalAtI hai| - - 5. nyAsApahAra apane pAsa rakhI kisI kI dharohara na denA, yA bhulA denA, kisI kI sampatti har3apa lenA, majadUroM ko niyamAnusAra vetana Adi nahIM denA yA unameM kaTautI Adi karanA nyAsApahAra kahalAtA hai| asadabhidhAnamanRtam / ta.sU. 7.14 mithyopadezarahobhyAkhyAnakUTalekhakriyAnyAsApahArasAkAramantrabhedAH / vahI, 7.26

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ahiMsA darzana satyavrata ke nirdoSa pAlana ke lie ina aticAroM se bacanA cAhie, inase parivAra, samAja, rASTra Adi kI zAnti bhaGga hotI hai| manuSya krodha, lobha, bhaya aura hAsya meM hI prAyaH asatya bolatA hai; isIlie krodha aura lobha para niyantraNa karanA, bhaya ko tyAgakara AtmavizvAsapUrvaka nirbhIka jIvana jInA, vyaGgyAtmaka aura azlIla hAsya se bacanA, satyavrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ haiN| acauryavrata corI bhI hiMsA kA hI rUpa hai| jaba kisI kI koI vastu corI ho jAtI hai yA vaha kahIM ThagA jAtA hai, taba use bahuta mAnasika pIr3A hotI hai aura bhautika kaSTa bhI hotA hai; ataH jaba taka corI kA tyAga na ho, taba taka ahiMsA kA pAlana bhI nahIM ho sakatA aura satya kA nirvAha bhI nahIM ho sktaa| kisI kI bhUlI huI, rakhI huI vastu ko binA usakI AjJA ke le lenA, corI hai| corI kA tyAga karanA, acauryavrata hai|' acauryavrata ke bhI pA~ca aticAra haiM - 1. caura-prayoga - corI kI yojanA banAnA, corI yA cora kI prazaMsA yA samarthana karanA aura corI karane ke lie taraha-taraha ke upAya batAnA, caura-prayoga kahalAtA hai| 2. caurArtha-AdAna - corI kI vastu kharIdanA, cora-DAkuoM ko saMrakSaNa aura sahAyatA denA, caurArtha-AdAna kahalAtA hai| 3. viruddharAjyAtikrama - nyAyamArga ko chor3akara anya prakAra se kisI kI jamIna chIna lenA, atikramaNa karanA, kabjA karanA, ghUsa Adi lenA-denA, rAjya yA rASTra dvArA nirdhArita kAnUnoM kA ullaMghana Adi viruddharAjyAtikrama kahalAtA hai| 1. 2. adattAdAnaM steyam / ta.sU. 7.15 ta.sU. 7.27

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tRtIya adhyAya 41 4. pratirUpaka-vyavahAra - milAvaTa karanA, nakalI ko asalI batAnA, nakalI davA tathA anya vastuyeM Adi becanA pratirUpaka-vyavahAra kahalAtA hai| 5. hInAdhika-mAnonmAna - kama taulanA, kara-corI karanA, hisAba kI herA-pherI Adi karanA, hInAdhika-mAnonmAna kahalAtA hai| ___ ina aticAroM se acauryavrata meM doSa lagatA hai| isa vrata meM dRr3hatA lAne ke lie nItipUrvaka kamAe gae dravya se apanI Aya ke anusAra hI AjIvikA calAne kA saGkalpa karanA caahie| brahmacaryavrata yaunAcAra yA maithuna' ke tyAga ko brahmacarya kahate haiM / yadyapi gRhastha ke lie vivAha kA mArga khulA hai tathApi svapati yA svapatnI-santoSavrata ke sAtha anya strI yA anya puruSa ko vikArabhAva se bhI nahIM dekhanA, brahmacaryANuvrata hai| unmukta yaunAcAra ne Aja eDsa Adi kaI jvalanta samasyAoM ko janma diyA hai, inase parivAra aura samAja meM azAnti aura vigraha phailatA hai| jahA~ gRhastha ko brahmacaryANuvrata AMzika saMyama pradAna karatA hai, vahIM sAdhu ko brahmacarya mahAvrata pUrNa saMyama pradAna karatA hai| brahmacaryavrata ko bhI dUSita karanevAle pA~ca aticAra haiM - 1. paravivAhakaraNa - dUsare kA vivAha karavAnA, dina-rAta usI cintA meM rahanA, apane parivAra ke alAvA duniyA bhara ke vivAha kI socanA Adi kriyAe~, paravivAhakaraNa kahalAtI haiN| 2. anaGgakrIr3A - vikRta aura ucchRGkhala yaunAcAra meM ruci rakhanA, aprAkRtika maithuna karanA, samalaiMgikatA Adi anaGgakrIr3A kahalAtI hai| 3. viTatva - kAma-sambandhI kuceSTAe~ karanA, viTatva hai| maithunmbrhm| ta.sU. 7.16 2. ta.sU. 7.28 1.

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ahiMsA darzana 4. kAmatIvrAbhiniveza - viSaya-bhoga kI tIvra lAlasA rakhanA, dina-rAta usI ke bAre meM socanA, kAmatIvrAbhiniveza hai| 5. itvarikAgamana - caritrahIna strI yA puruSoM se sambandha rakhanA, unake yahA~ AnA-jAnA itvarikAgamana kahalAtA hai| abrahmacarya bhI hiMsA hI hai| brahmacaryavrata ke saGkalpa ko puSTa karane aura usake saMvardhana karane ke lie pA~ca bhAvanAe~ karane yogya haiM - (1) kAmavAsanA utpanna karane vAle azlIla sAhitya ko nahIM par3hanA cAhie aura tatsambandhI kathA, carcA, bhASaNa ityAdi kriyAkalApoM meM bhAga nahIM lenA caahie| kAmottejaka vastra Adi nahIM pahananA cAhie aura tadanurUpa zarIra ko nahIM sajAnA caahie| strI yA puruSa kI tarapha vikArabhAva se nahIM dekhanA caahie| pUrvakAla meM yadi koI bhoga bhogA hai to usakA smaraNa nahIM karanA caahie| indriya-vAsanA bar3hAne vAle kAmottejaka padArthoM kA sevana nahIM karanA caahie| (5) vartamAna meM kAma-sevana kI tulanA pauruSa se kI jAtI hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki jo jitanA kAmuka hai yA kAma-puruSArtha karatA hai, vaha utanA hI balavAna yA balazAlI hai kintu yaha bhrAnta dhAraNA hai| adhika kAmavAsanA kamajorI kI sUcaka hotI hai| eka zodha se jJAta huA hai ki zera jaisA zaktizAlI jAnavara, varSa meM eka bAra hI sambhoga karatA hai; anya pazu-pakSI bhI apane nizcita RtukAla meM hI kAmasevana karate haiM kintu mAtra manuSya ke jIvana meM bhoga kA koI niyama yA sImA kA viveka nahIM hai| 1. ta.sU. 7.7

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tRtIya adhyAya parigraha-parimANavata arthAt aparigrahavrata sA bAhya padArthoM ko ekatrita karane kI bhAvanA aura usameM Asakti hI parigraha kahalAtA hai| apanI AvazyakatA ke anusAra padArtha kA saJcaya tathA usameM anAsakti kA bhAva rakhanA, parigraha-parimANavata kahalAtA hai| parigraha arthAt padArthoM meM Asakti hiMsA hai tathA padArthoM ke prati mamatva yA Asakti kA tyAga, ahiMsA hai| isa vrata kA dUsarA nAma 'icchA-parimANavata' bhI hai| yaha saba zrAvakAcAra ke antargata vidheya hai| jainadharma ne do prakAra ke parigraha mAne haiM - eka, antaraGga parigraha aura dUsarA, bahiraGga prigrh| mithyAtva, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, strIveda, puruSaveda aura napuMsakaveda - yaha caudaha prakAra kA antaraGga parigraha hai| dUsare zabdoM meM aisA kaha sakate haiM ki cetanA meM uThane vAlI vikAra kI sabhI taraGge antaraGga parigraha haiM arthAt kAmanAoM kA hI dUsarA nAma hai antaraGga parigraha / yaha AtmA kI sahaja svAbhAvika zAnti meM vyavadhAna (bAdhA) DAlate haiM; ataH inheM hiMsA kahate haiN|' bahiraGga parigraha meM kheta-makAna, sonA cAMdI Adi rUpa dhana-sampatti, pazu-vAhana, naukara-naukarAnI, kapar3e-bartana ityAdi Ate haiN| ina sabhI parigrahoM meM apanI zakti, paristhiti aura AvazyakatA ke anusAra sImA bA~dhakara usake bAhara ananta padArthoM kA mana-vacana-kAya se tyAga kara denA 'parigrahaparimANavata' kahalAtA hai, tathA inakA AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha aticAra kahalAtA hai| vAstava meM yadi jarA gaharAI se dekheM to hama pAte haiM hiMsA aura saMgraha meM bheda nahIM hai| ye donoM eka hI vastra ke do chora haiN| eka hI sikke ke do pahalu haiN| Apa anAvazyaka saMgraha kareM aura hiMsA se bacanA cAheM, yaha kaise saMbhava ho sakatA hai? eka bAta hama sabhI samajha leM-hiMsA kA sUtra hai jitanA saMgraha utanI hiNsaa| ahiMsA kA sUtra hai- jitanA asaMgraha utanI ahiNsaa| 1. mUcchA prigrhH|-t.suu.7.17 2. kssetrvaastuhirnnysuvrnndhndhaanydaasiidaaskupyprmaannaatikrmaaH| -ta.sU. 7.29

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ahiMsA darzana icchAoM kA saMsAra asIma hai| yadi use sImita na kiyA jAe to mAnava ko dAnava banane meM dera nahIM lgtii| atyadhika parigraha kA artha hotA hai ki anyAya krnaa| anyAya va zoSaNa mahAhiMsA hai| jo zoSita hotA hai, vaha bhI hiMsaka ho jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM samAja aura rASTra kI zAnti bhaGga hone meM bhI dera nahIM lgtii| parigrahaparimANavrata ko dUSita karane vAle pA~ca doSa bhI haiM - 1. ativAhana - adhika lAbha kI AkAMkSA meM zakti se jyAdA daur3anA-bhAganA, dina-rAta Akula-vyAkula rahanA aura apane adhInasthoM se niyamaviruddha adhika kAma karavAnA, ativAhana hai| 2. atisaMgraha - adhika lAbha kI bhAvanA se vastuoM kA adhika samaya taka saMgraha karanA, atisaMgraha hai| 3. ativismaya - svayaM ko adhika lAbha hone para ahaGkAra karanA aura dUsaroM kA adhika lAbha hone para viSAda karanA, ativismaya hai| 4. atilobha - mana ke anukUla lAbha hone para bhI aura adhika lAbha kI icchA karanA, atilobha hai| 5. atibhAravAhana - kisa vyakti kI sAmarthya ke bAhara usase adhika byAja Adi vasUla karanA, atibhAravAhana hai| adhika kamAne kI icchA se pazuoM para sAmarthya se jyAdA bhAra lAdanA bhI isI meM AtA hai| ukta kriyAoM se yaha vrata dUSita hotA hai aura samAja meM bhI asantulana kI sthiti banatI hai| inase vyaktigata hiMsA ke sAtha-sAtha sAmAjika aparAdhoM meM bhI bar3hotarI hotI hai| uparyukta pA~ca vrata, pA~ca pApa ke nivRttisvarUpa haiN| ye pApa, dUsaroM ko du:khI karane ke sAtha-sAtha svayaM pApa karane vAle ko bhI AkulatA, bhaya, zaGkA, tRSNA Adi na jAne kitanI mAnasika pIr3A pahu~cAte haiN| bhaviSya meM bhI inakA phala du:kha ke rUpa meM prApta hotA hai, ataH ye duHkhasvarUpa hI haiN| jo sukha-zAnti cAhate haiM, unheM ina pApoM se bacanA caahie|

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tRtIya adhyAya isa prakAra jainadharma apanI pratyeka kriyA meM ahiMsA kI bhAvanA ko pradhAnatA detA hai| ahiMsaka AcaraNa sambandhI kriyAe~ jainadharma ke anuyAyI ahiMsAbhAvanA ke anurUpa dainika kriyAoM meM aisI aneka kriyAe~ karate haiM, jo unakI zuddha ahiMsaka jIvana zailI ko pragaTa karatI haiN| una kriyAoM meM kucha pramukha kriyAoM kA ullekha yahA~ Avazyaka hai 1.zAkAhAra - AhAra-zuddhi para jainadharma atyadhika bala detA hai| jainadharma meM mA~sAhAra kA kar3A niSedha hai| aNDA, mA~sa, zarAba Adi padArthoM kA sevana, kisI bhI manuSya ko nahIM karanA caahie| 'ma' se prArambha hone vAle tIna makAra 'madyamA~sa-madhu' gRhastha zrAvakoM ko anivArya rUpa se tyAgane yogya haiN|' jainadharma meM zuddha zAkAhArI padArthoM ko bhI unakI kAlAvadhi ke bAda sevana karane kA niSedha hai kyoMki eka samaya-sImA ke bAda unameM bhI sUkSma jIva utpanna ho jAte haiM; unakA sevana karane se hiMsA to hotI hI hai, svAsthya bhI kharAba hotA hai| jamIna ke bhItara utpanna hone vAle pyAja-lahasuna Adi jamIkanda padArthoM kA sevana bhI nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki unameM ananta sUkSmajIva rahate haiM, unakI hiMsA hotI hai aura inakA sevana tAmasikatA ko bar3hAtA hai| bAjAra meM banI vastuoM ko bhI acchA nahIM mAnA jAtA kyoMki unakI nirmANa-vidhi zuddha svaccha nahIM hotI aura milAvaTa kA bhaya banA rahatA hai| ina sabhI niyamoM kA pAlana jisase jitanA bhI bana sake, apanI-apanI kSamatA aura viveka ke anusAra karanA hI caahie| 2. pAnI chAnanA - jala, manuSya kI anivArya AvazyakatA hai| yadi manuSya azuddha jala piegA to usakA jIvana saGkaTa meM A jaaegaa| jainadharma ne manuSyoM se kahA ki 1. madyaM mAsaM kSaudraM paJcodumbaraphalAni ytnen| hiMsAvyuparatikAmairmoktavyAni prathamameva / / -pu.si.u.61

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ahiMsA darzana pAnI chAna kara pio kyoMki usameM asaMkhya jIva rahate haiN| pahale logoM ko vizvAsa nahIM hotA thA ki pAnI meM jIva kahA~ se Aye? hajAroM-lAkhoM varSoM se jainadharma ne apane isa vizvAsa ko nahIM chor3A aura apanI bAta kahatA rhaa| aba jAkara Adhunika vaijJAnikoM ne yaha pramANita kiyA hai ki eka bUMda jala meM 36,450 jIva hote haiN| pAnI vidhipUrvaka nahIM chAnane se ina jIvoM kI hiMsA to hotI hI hai, sAtha hI isase svAsthya para bhI burA asara par3atA hai| eka purAnI kahAvata hai - pAnI pIo chAnakara, jIva jantu baca jaayeN| loga kaheM dharmAtmA, roga nikaTa nahiM aayeN| yadi jIvoM kI hiMsA se bacanA cAhate ho to pAnI ko vidhipUrvaka chAnakara hI pratyeka kArya meM upayoga lenA caahie| 3. rAtri-bhojana tyAga - jainadharma meM rAtri-bhojana kA niSedha hai| jainadharma ke anusAra sUrya kI kiraNoM se vAtAvaraNa zuddha rahatA hai aura sUryAsta ke bAda rAtri meM aneka jIva utpanna hote haiM, jo vAtAvaraNa ko azuddha karate haiN| rAtri meM bhojana banAne aura khAne se bahuta hiMsA hotI hai| sAtha hI rAtri meM pAcana kriyA manda hone se, bhojana karane se svAsthya para bhI galata prabhAva par3atA hai| ataH rAtri meM bhojana na banAnA cAhie aura na hI karanA caahie| rAtri meM anna grahaNa karanA khAne ke prati atyadhika Asakti ko darzAtA hai| jaina paramparA meM to sabhI AcAra zAstra rAtri bhojana kA kar3A niSedha karate hI haiM sAtha hI vaidika paramparA meM bhI rAtri ke bhojana ko ucita nahIM mAnA gayA hai| mahAbhArata meM likhA haiM-2 "zvabhradvArANi catvAri prathamaM raatribhojnm|" 1. 2. puruSArthasiddhyupAya - zloka 129 se 134 mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 15-16

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tRtIya adhyAya tathA ye rAtrau sarvadA''hAraM varjayaMti sumedhsH| teSAM pakSopavAsasya phalaM mAsena jaayte|| arthAt rAtri bhojana naraka kA prathama dvAra hai tathA jo rAtri meM AhAra nahIM karate unheM mahIne meM 15 dina ke upavAsa kA phala mila jAtA hai| skanda purANa ke anusAra dina meM bhojana karane vAlA tIrtha yAtrA ke jaisA phala pA letA hai "anastabhojino nityaM tIrtha yAtrA phalaM bhjet"| isa prakAra rAtri kA bhojana sirpha dhArmika dRSTi se hI nahIM balki svAsthya kI dRSTi se bhI ahiMsA ke anukUla nahIM hai| 4. lokopakArI kArya - jIva-kalyANa aura samAja-sevA kI bhAvanA se ahiMsAdharma ke lie aneka lokopakArI kArya karane caahie| jaise, nirdhanoM ko vastra Adi denA, janatA kI sevArtha cikitsAlaya kholanA, dharmazAlA banavAnA, zikSA ke lie vidyAlaya kholanA, gozAlA tathA pazu-pakSI cikitsAlaya kA saJcAlana karanA, samAja meM vyasana-mukti hetu kArya karanA, Adi aadi| jainadharma ke anuyAyI, ina saba kAryoM ko jIva-dayA kI dRSTi se karate haiN| unake ye kArya sirpha jainoM ke lie hI nahIM haiM, varan sabhI manuSyoM ke lie haiM, cAhe ve kisI bhI dharma yA jAti ke hoN| sahRdaya ahiMsaka bhAvanA vAlA gRhastha manuSya, mAnava sahita sabhI jIvoM ke hita ke lie jitanA kara sakatA hai, utanA kArya avazya karanA caahie| niHsvArthabhAva se kie gae ina kAryoM se sAmAjika sauhArda bar3hatA hai aura sampUrNa vizva, zAnti kI ora bar3hatA hai| isa prakAra aura bhI aneka niyama va kArya haiM, jo jainadharma kI ahiMsAbhAvanA ko pragaTa karate haiN| yahA~ ahiMsA, sirpha siddhAnta ke rUpa meM hI

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48 ahiMsA darzana nahIM balki prayogika rUpa meM bhI spaSTa dikhalAI detI hai| mAnasika aura vAcika ahiMsA - anekAnta aura syAdvAda jainadharma ne sApekSa cintana para jora diyA hai| hama kabhI kisI bhI ghaTanA yA paristhiti ko sirpha apanI hI dRSTi se na soceM; dUsaroM ke samyak dRSTikoNa kA bhI khyAla rakheM, ho sakatA hai ki vaha sahI ho| ise jainadharma kA 'anekAnta-cintana' kahate haiN| jainadarzana ke anusAra 'hiMsA' kA mUlakAraNa 'ekAnta-cintana' hI hai| jainadarzana 'merA so kharA' vAlI nIti para vizvAsa nahIM krtaa| use to 'kharA so merA' vAlI hI nIti hI pasanda hai aura yahI usakA anaikAntika dRSTikoNa hai| satya anekAnta svarUpa hI hai| apane alAvA dUsaroM ke samyak vicAroM kA bhI cintana karanA aura vastu meM garbhita ananta aura paraspara virodhI pratIta hone vAle dharmoM kA vicAra karanA, yaha cintana meM anekAnta hai, ise 'mAnasika ahiMsA' kA nAma diyA gayA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra "jo vastu tat (jaisI) hai, vahI atat (vaisI nahIM) hai; jo eka hai, vahI aneka hai; jo sat hai, vahI asat hai; jo nitya hai, vahI anitya hai; isa prakAra eka vastu meM vastutva ko utpanna karane vAlI paraspara-viruddha do zaktiyoM kA eka sAtha prakAzana honA, anekAnta hai|'' vacanoM kA saMsAra bhI adbhuta hai| hama vacanoM ko bhI sApekSa banAkara unheM zuddha kara sakate haiN| ekAGgI yA mithyA vacanoM kA prayoga azAnti phailAtA hai, isIlie vANI kI pavitratA va satyatA bahuta jarUrI hai; ataH jainadharma vANI meM syAdvAda siddhAnta ke prayoga kI bAta kahatA hai| syAdvAda kA artha hai ki sApekSa arthAt kisI apekSA se kathana krnaa| jaise, maiM kahU~ ki 'maiM putra hU~' to yahA~ saMzayapUrNa vacana hogA, parantu yadi maiM kahU~ ki 'maiM mAtA-pitA kI apekSA putra hU~' to yaha vacana adhika zuddhavacana 1. yadeva tattadevAtat yadevaikaM tadevAnekaM yadeva sattadevAsat yadeva nityaM tadevAnityamityekavastuvastutattvaniSpAdakaparasparaviruddhazaktidvayaprakAzanamanekAntaH / -AcArya amRtacandra - samayasAra TIkA, syAdvAdAdhikAra

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tRtIya adhyAya hogA tathA kisI ko saMzaya nahIM hogA aura na hI saMgharSa hogaa| ataH yadi zuddha boleM aura hita-mita priya vacana boleM to sabhI ko acchA lagatA hai| aisA nahIM boleM, jisase dUsaroM ko duHkha pahu~catA ho, usase hiMsA hotI hai| 49 jainadharma ke anusAra vacanoM kI ahiMsA kA vyAvahArika jIvana meM prayoga kiyA jAnA caahie| arthAt hiMsaka zabdoM kA bhI prayoga nahIM karanA caahie| jaise, 'sabjI yA phala kATa do' kahane kI apekSA 'sabjI yA phala banA do yA sudhAra do' kahanA ahiMsaka vacana hai| 'kATanA' zabda hiMsaka hai ataH isake kahane se hiMsA kA vAtAvaraNa banatA hai| antara sirpha itanA hai ki socane aura kahane kA andAja alaga-alaga hai| isI prakAra manuSyoM ke vaicArika stara meM bhI antara ho jAtA hai| ahiMsA ke tIna stara mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika kisI bhI prANI ko nahIM mAranA, use duHkha nahI pahu~cAnA, yaha sAmAnya artha meM ahiMsA hai| vyApaka artha meM mana-vacana-kAya aura kRta, kArita, anumodana se prANImAtra ko kisI prakAra kA kaSTa nahIM pahu~cAnA yA unake prANoM kA ghAta na karanA, ahiMsA hai| mana, vacana aura kAya (zarIra) meM se kisI eka ke dvArA bhI kisI prakAra ke jIva kI hiMsA na ho, aisA vyavahAra hI saMyamI jIvana hai; aise jIvana ko nirantara dhAraNa karanA hI ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA kA yaha saiddhAntika aura naitika AdhAra jainadharmadarzana meM upalabdha hai| ahiMsA kA kSetra sImita nahIM hai| ahiMsA kA sambandha antaraGga aura bahiraGga, donoM rUpoM meM haiM / prANImAtra ko mana, vacana aura kAya se kisI prakAra kI hAni nahIM pahu~cAnA, usakA dila nahIM duHkhAnA, yaha to bahiraGga ahiMsA hai aura rAga-dveSa se nivRtta hokara sAmyabhAva meM sthira honA, antaraGga ahiMsA hai| itanI vyApaka paribhASA hameM pUrva se lekara pazcima taka kahIM bhI dekhane ko nahIM miltii| koI bhI kArya yA kriyA, jo rAga-dveSa bhAva se kI

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50 ahiMsA darzana jAtI hai, vaha ahiMsA kI zreNI meM nahIM AtI hai| vastutaH antaraGga meM AMzika sAmyatA Ae binA ahiMsA kI zuruAta ho hI nahIM sktii| kahA jAtA hai ki cAroM tarapha hiMsA bar3ha rahI hai| sampUrNa vizva meM rojamarrA kI jindagI meM hiMsA prabhAvI ho rahI hai| isa sandarbha meM kyA kabhI yaha vicAra kiyA ki vAstava meM hiMsA kitanI bar3ha rahI hai? kyA bAhya hiMsA kI mAtrA bAhya ahiMsA se adhika ho gaI hai? sAmAnyataH manuSya caubIsa ghaNTe kisI na kisI ko sirpha mArane-mArane kA kAma nahIM kara sktaa| yaha ghaTanA kabhI-kabhI hI hotI hai| adhikAMza samaya manuSya zAnti se kisI ko kaSTa pahu~cAe binA hI vyatIta karatA hai| daMge-phasAda bhI koI varSabhara to calate nahIM haiN| kabhI-kabhI acAnaka isa prakAra kI ghaTanAe~ hotI haiN| aisI ghaTanAe~ jyAdA bhI hoM to bhI una dinoM kI saMkhyA kahIM jyAdA hI nikalegI, jina dinoM meM aisI ghaTanA yA bAteM nahIM hotI haiN| bAta spaSTa hai ki hiMsaka pravRtti kI pradhAnatA vAlA manuSya yA samAja bhI satata hiMsA bardAzta nahIM kara sakatA kyoMki hiMsA prANImAtra kA svabhAva nahIM apitu vibhAva hai| manuSya kA mUlasvabhAva to ahiMsA hai| jisa prakAra jala kA svabhAva zItalatA hai kintu kabhI agni Adi ke saMyoga se vaha garma ho jAtA hai| uSNatA, jala kA svabhAva nahIM hai, isalie agni kA nimitta haTa jAne para kucha samaya bAda vaha punaH svataH zItalatA kI ora bar3hatA hai aura vahA~ pahu~cakara sadA svataH vaisA hI banA rahatA hai| yadyapi tathAkathita kucha manovaijJAnikoM kI mAnyatA hai ki hiMsA bhI manuSya kA svabhAva hai, parantu yaha unake socane kA apanA tarIkA hai| unake hiMsA-ahiMsA ke kAraNoM ko khojane ke mApadaNDa bhinna haiM, tathApi dharma kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki manuSya meM sirpha zarIra aura mana hI nahIM hai balki manuSya meM eka AtmA bhI vAsa karatI hai aura usa AtmA kA svabhAva, ahiMsA, kSamA, zAnti, aura karuNA hai|

Page #53
tRtIya adhyAya 1. mAnasika ahiMsA - hiMsA kI vyAkhyA karate samaya prAyaH yaha samajhA jAtA hai ki yadi kisI kI jAna lI jA rahI hai, use duHkha pahu~cAyA jA rahA hai to hiMsA ho rahI hai aura yadi aisI ghaTanAe~ nahIM ho rahI haiM to ahiMsA hai kintu, yaha sthUla vyAkhyA hai| hamAre jIvana meM bAhya hiMsA se adhika mAnasika hiMsA hotI hai| vAstava meM to lagabhaga 99 pratizata bAhya hiMsA ke pIche mAnasika hiMsA hI kAraNa hotI hai| isIlie mAnasika hiMsA se bacane ke lie sadA sauhArdabhAva, svasthya cintana bar3hAte rahanA caahie| apane mana meM kisI ke ahita kA vicAra karanA mAnasika hiMsA to hai hI; kisI dUsare ke mana ko duHkha pahu~cAnA bhI mAnasika hiMsA kA hI eka rUpa hai| kisI vyakti, parivAra, samAja yA samagra rASTra ko duHkhI karane ke uddezya se unake ahita kA cintana karanA aura yojanAe~ banAnA bhI mAnasika hiMsA hai| jainadarzana meM mAnyatA hai ki kisI ko takalIpha pahu~cAnA to dUra, isake bAre meM mana meM burA khyAla AnA bhI hiMsA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM hamane kisI ko mArane kA vicAra kiyA kintu mArA nahIM to bhI hameM hiMsA kA doSa avazya lgegaa| kaI bAra philma yA sIriyala dekhate samaya khalanAyaka yA anya kisI ke aniSTa kA cintana karake hama vyartha hI mAnasika hiMsA ke bhAgI bana jAte haiN| aneka ghaTanAoM meM yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki hiMsA kA satata cintana karate rahane ke kAraNa manuSya kA mAnasika santulana kharAba ho jAtA hai aura vaha bar3I-bar3I hiMsaka ghaTanAoM ko aMjAma dene lagatA hai| isIlie mAnasika rUpa se ahiMsakabhAvanA ko vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai| manuSya jaba mana se zAnta rahegA, hiMsaka vicAra nahIM karegA to bAhya hiMsA kA prazna hI nahIM utthegaa| mAnasika aura vaicArika zAnti, hamAre ahiMsaka vyavahAra kA pramukha kAraNa hai| mana meM rAga-dveSa rUpa vicAroM ko nahIM Ane denA aura kSamA, samatA, zAnti Adi ahiMsaka vicAradhArA ko apane meM satata pravAhita hone denA hI mAnasika ahiMsA hai|

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ahiMsA darzana 2. vAcika ahiMsA - hiMsA kA dvitIya stara vAcika hiMsA haiN| sarvaprathama manuSya hiMsA kA vicAra mana meM lAtA hai phira apane vacanoM ke dvArA usakI abhivyakti karatA hai| kaI bAra janasabhAoM meM aise-aise bhASaNa die jAte haiM ki janasamudAya bhar3aka jAtA hai aura hiMsA para utArU ho jAtA hai, yaha vAcika hiMsA kA eka rUpa hai| apane vacanoM ke mAdhyama se aise zabdoM kA prayoga karanA, jisase kisI vyakti, parivAra, samAja yA rASTra kI zAnti bhaGga ho yA unheM duHkha pahu~ce, vAcika hiMsA hai| vyAvahArika rUpa meM gAlI denA, kisI kI nindA karanA, apazabdoM kA prayoga karanA - yaha saba vAcika hiMsA hai aura aisA nahIM karanA vAcika ahiMsA hai| kaI bAra logoM ko anAvazyaka bar3abar3Ane yA vyartha kA adhika bolane kI Adata hotI hai, unase anAyAsa hI vAcika hiMsA hotI rahatI hai; ataH vANI para saMyama rakhanA hI vAcika ahiMsA hai| kisI mahApuruSa ne kahA hai ki anAvazyaka bolo hI mata; jarUrata par3e to kama bolo; vaha bhI bahuta vicArapUrvaka nApa-tola kara bolo; jo bhI bolo, hita-mita-priya bolo| saMyamita vacanoM se hamArA vyaktitva nikharatA hai| 3. kAyika ahiMsA - manuSya kA mana para saMyama nahIM rahatA to vaha mAnasika hiMsA karatA hai, usase Age vacanoM para saMyama nahIM rahatA to vaha vAcika hiMsA karatA hai aura isake bAda vaha kAyika hiMsA para utara AtA hai| apane zarIra kI kriyAoM ke dvArA kisI bhI prANI kA ahita karanA, kAyika hiMsA hai| svayaM hAtha-paira calAkara kisI kI jAna lenA, use takalIpha pahu~cAnA, aGgoM ke izAroM se kisI dUsare ko hiMsA kI anumati yA Adeza denA yA phira krodha meM Akara svayaM ke aGgoM kA ghAta karanA, kAyika hiMsA hai| aneka sthitiyoM meM manuSya jAne-anajAne bhI kAyika hiMsA kA doSI banatA hai| ise anarthadaNDa kahA gayA hai| pArka yA bagIcoM meM rAste para

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tRtIya adhyAya calate-phirate niSprayojana (Unnecessary) per3a-paudhoM athavA phUloM ko tor3anA, TahaniyA~ yA patte tor3anA, calate samaya pairoM ke nIce choTe-choTe nirdoSa jIvoM kA khyAla na karanA, ghAsa-phUsa ko kucalanA, una para mala-mUtra tyAganA, baiThebaiThe hAtha-pA~va calAnA, nadI-tAlAba kinAre baiThakara usameM patthara yA kUr3AkarakaTa pheMkanA ityAdi aneka udAharaNa haiM, jaba hama anAyAsa akAraNa aura niSprayojana hI kAyika hiMsA karate haiM, jabaki mana meM hiMsA kI bhAvanA nahIM rahatI hai| yahA~ pramAda, hiMsA kA kAraNa banatA hai| isase paryAvaraNa bhI bigar3atA hai tathA isa para hamArI AdatoM se burA asara par3atA hai| mana-vacana-kAya kI ahiMsA kA pAlana karake hama paryAvaraNa ko bhI santulita rakha sakate haiN| mAnasika aura vaicArika pradUSaNa, zora-zarAbe kA pradUSaNa aura hamArI asaMyamita kriyAoM se anya sabhI kisma ke pradUSaNa, hamAre vAtAvaraNa ko dUSita banA dete haiM, jisase zAnti bhaGga hotI hai, paryAvaraNa asantulita hotA hai| ahiMsA ke dvArA hama ise santulita banA sakate haiN| jainadharma kI ahiMsA kA prabhAva jainadharma kI saiddhAntika aura vyavahArika ahiMsA ne sabako prabhAvita kiyaa| yajJoM meM pazubali Adi hiMsaka vRttiyoM ko dUra karake unheM pavitra banAne kA zreya bhagavAna mahAvIra kI ahiMsaka vANI ko jAtA hai| sirpha bhArata hI nahIM varan bhagavAna mahAvIra kI divya jyoti kA prabhAva IrAna, mizra, philastIna, yUnAna evaM cIna meM bhI jA phuNcaa| philastIna meM issena nAma kI jAti kaTTara ahiMsaka ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai| IrAna kA rAjakumAra adaraka svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadeza sunane AyA karatA thaa| phira adaraka, jarathusta evaM zAha dArA mahAn ne IrAna meM ahiMsA kA pracAra kiyaa| isa vicAradhArA ko kalandara kahA jAtA thA jisameM aneka sAdhaka huye| eka sAdhaka ne eka padya likhA AhistA kherama balki mA kherm| jere qadama to haz2Ara jAM ast|| 1. paramapuruSArtha ahiMsA, 4/pR. 39-40 pro. rAjArAma jaina jI kA lekha

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ahiMsA darzana arthAt sAvadhAnI pUrvaka dhIre-dhIre cala, balki na cala to aura bhI acchA, kyoM ki tere paira ke nIce hajAroM jIvita prANI haiM, tU unakI rakSA kr| aisA lagatA hai mAno yaha padya jaina paramparA kI isa gAthA kA phArasI rUpAntaraNa ho tahevuccAvayA pAraNA bhattaThAe smaagyaa| taM ujjuaMna gacchejjA jayameva prkkme|| arthAt he bhavya ! calate samaya koI prANI mara na jAye, tU aise cala ki apanA apanA peTa pAlane ke lie mArga meM calane vAle anya jIva bhayabhIta na hoN| saba jInA cAhate haiM savve jIvA vi icchaMti, jIviuM na mrijiuN| tamhA pANavahaM ghoraM, niggaMthA vajjayaMti nnN|| sabhI jIvana jInA cAhate haiM, maranA nhiiN| isalie prANavadha ko bhayAnaka jAnakara nirgrantha usakA varjana karate haiN| (samaNa suttaM, ahiMsA sUtra)

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hiMsA kA sabase mukhya kAraNa hai hiMsA kA saMskAra / ye saMskAra eka janma ke nahIM haiM, janma-janmAntaroM se saMcita hote rahe haiM apane vicAroM aura hitoM ke pratikUla bAta sAmane Ane para ve saMskAra uttejita hote haiM / uttejanA apane meM hiMsA hai| usake kAraNa hiMsA kA sthUla rUpa bhI sAmane A jAtA hai / caturtha adhyAya hiMsA aura usake duSpariNAma hiMsA kaba hotI hai? kaise hotI hai? kyoM hotI hai ? aura isakA pariNAma kyA hotA hai? ye sabhI prazna eka sArthaka samAdhAna kI apekSA rakhate haiN| hiMsA kA koI kAla nirdhArita nahIM hotaa| vaha kabhI bhI aura kahIM bhI ghaTita ho sakatI hai, kyoM ki isakA asalI kAraNa manuSya ke bhItara baiThA hai| pazu-pakSI bhI hiMsaka aura ahiMsaka donoM taraha ke hote haiM kintu hiMsAahiMsA ke bIca viveka mAtra manuSya hI kara sakatA hai, isI meM usakA manuSyatva hai| hiMsA kA svarUpa sakatA hai' 1. ahiMsA kI taraha hiMsA kA vyAkhyAna bhI do prakAra se kiyA jA 1. AtmahiMsA (bhAvahiMsA) 2. parahiMsA (dravyahiMsA) yatkhalukaSAyayogAtprANAnAM dravyabhAvarUpANAm / vyaparopaNasya karaNaM sunizcitA bhavati sA hiMsA / / - pu. si. u. 43

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56 ahiMsA darzana AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa se AtmA meM yadi rAga-dveSa Adi vikAra utpanna hue to samajha lo hiMsA ho gii| AtmA kA svabhAva kSamA, zAnti va ahiMsA hai| rAga-dveSa se rahita hokara AtmA, jaba apane svabhAva meM rahatA hai to sukha pAtA hai aura jaba usameM rAga-dveSa utpanna hote haiM, taba usake svabhAva meM vighna par3atA hai, usakI zAnti bhaGga hotI hai, AtmA duHkha pAtA hai| isalie yaha AtmahiMsA hai| jaba hama krodha karate haiM, taba sarvaprathama svayaM ko azAnta karate haiM; ata: yaha apanI hiMsA hai, ise bhAvahiMsA bhI kahate haiN| dUsarI hiMsA parahiMsA hai| AtmahiMsA ke bhAva hone ke bAda parahiMsA kabhI hotI bhI hai, aura kabhI nahIM bhI hotii| adhikAMzatayA parahiMsA kabhIkabhI hI hotI hai| pahale manuSya hiMsA kA vicAra utpanna kara, tatkAla usakA pariNAma Atma azAnti ke rUpa meM bhugatatA hai, phira usake bAda usa hiMsA kI abhivyakti para arthAt apane se bhinna jIvoM kI hiMsA meM karatA hai, use duHkha pahu~cAtA hai, usakA prANa-haraNa karatA hai; athavA aisI koziza karatA hai| yaha 'parahiMsA' hai, ise dravyahiMsA bhI kahate haiN| hiMsA mana-vANI-zarIra, tInoM ke mAdhyama se hotI hai parantu jaba hiMsA kI bAta AtI hai, taba prAya: vANI aura zarIra ke mAdhyama se ghaTane vAlI hiMsA para hI jora diyA jAtA hai| mana ke mAdhyama se hone vAlI hiMsA ko rokanA anAvazyaka yA asambhava mAnakara, usakI carcA chor3a dI jAtI hai| jainAcAryoM ne mana ke mAdhyama se hone vAle pApoM ko rokane hetu apekSAkRta adhika jora diyA hai| unakI mAnyatA hai ki mana ke pApa roke binA, vacana aura tana ke pApa roke nahIM jA sakate; ata: unhoMne kahA ki prANiyoM ko pIr3A pahu~cAne kA yA unake ghAta kA vicAra karanA, 'bhAvahiMsA' hai aura prANiyoM ko pIr3A pahu~cAne vAlI aura unakA ghAta karane vAlI kriyA 'dravyahiMsA' hai| mUla meM bhAvahiMsA anivArya rUpa se maujUda rahatI hai parantu yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki bhAvahiMsA ke sAtha dravyahiMsA bhI ho hii| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki kisI prANI kI mRtyu hamAre socane yA karane mAtra se nahIM hotii| 1. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, zloka - 44

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caturtha adhyAya kisI jIva kI mRtyu hone meM usakI apanI Ayu usakA apanA prArabdha Adi aneka kAraNa hote haiM; isalie jarUrI nahIM ki bAhya hiMsA saphala ho hI jaae| taba kyA asaphalatA kI dazA meM use ahiMsA kahA jAegA ? nahIM, balki hiMsA kI bhAvanA, yojanA, aura prayAsa, ye tInoM hI hiMsA ke lie paryApta kAraNa haiM; ataH hiMsA kA prArambha antaraGga se hI hotA hai, bhale vaha dikhAyI nahIM detA / 57 kisI parajIva kI mRtyu mAtra bhI hiMsA nahIM hai, jabaki yahA~ bAhya hiMsA pratyakSataH dikhAyI de rahI hai jaise kisI prAkRtika prakopa meM hajAroM loga mAre ge| yadyapi yahA~ hiMsA hI hiMsA dikhAI de rahI hai kintu yahA~ hiMsA kA doSa kisI prANI ko nahIM lagegA kyoMki yahA~ kisI jIva ne aisA karane kA vicAra taka nahIM kiyA hai| isI prakAra DaoNkTara dvArA kisI marIja ko bacAne kI lAkha koziza karane para bhI yadi usakI mRtyu ho jAtI hai to DaoNkTara ko usakI hiMsA kA doSI nahIM mAnA jAtA hai kyoMki usake mana meM marIja ko bacAne kA hI bhAva thA, na ki mArane kA / hiMsA ke kAraNa 'mere sampradAya meM Aoge, use grahaNa kara loge tabhI tumhArI mukti hogI, anyathA nahIM hogI' - isa dhAraNA ne sAmpradAyika kaTTaratA aura hiMsA ko eka sAtha janma diyA hai| prAyaH yaha vicAra sAmane AtA hai ki dharma ke kAraNa bahuta raktapAta huA, hiMsA kI holI khelI gaI, yuddha hue ityAdi kintu yaha eka bhrAnta avadhAraNA hai| yaha saba dharma ke kAraNa nahIM huA kintu dharma ke nAma para dharma-parivartana karAne kI avadhAraNA ke AdhAra para huA / manuSya meM sahaja hI vistAra karane kI bhAvanA hotI hai, vaha apane Apako bar3A banAnA cAhatA hai, apane anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA bhI bar3hAnA cAhatA hai| 'jaisA maiM socU~, vaisA sabhI soceM; jaisA maiM karU~, vaisA sabhI kareM; sabhI merA anusaraNa kareM' yaha cAha, eka adamya cAha hai| isI cAha ne

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ahiMsA darzana vizvayuddha karAe, rASTra meM azAnti phailAI, samAja meM saMgharSa karavAyA, parivAra meM jhagar3e karAye ityaadi| hiMsA eka hai aura usake kAraNa asaMkhya haiN| karma-siddhAnta kI bhASA meM hiMsA yA mRtyu kA kAraNa hai - pUrvakRta karmoM kA vipAka (phl)| vijJAna kI bhASA meM hiMsA kA kAraNa hai - rAsAyanika asntuln| zAstroM meM kAraNoM kI dRSTi se hiMsA ke aneka bheda ginAye haiM - 1. vartamAna jIvanayApana ke lie kI jAne vAlI hiMsA, 2. prazaMsA, sammAna evaM pUjA ke lie kI jAne vAlI hiMsA, 3. janma-maraNa-roga ke prasaGga meM kI jAne vAlI hiMsA, 4. duHkha-pratikAra ke lie kI jAne vAlI hiNsaa| Agama meM hiMsA ke pandraha kAraNoM kA ullekha hai - 1. krodha, 2. mAna, 3. mAyA, 4. lobha, 5. hAsya, 7. vaira, 8. rati, 8. arati, 9. zoka, 10. bhoga, 11. artha, 12. karma, 13. dharma, 14. parAdhInatA, aura 15. moh| phira bhI hiMsA ke sirpha itane hI kAraNa nahIM haiM, ve saiMkar3oM yA hajAroM bhI ho sakate haiN| hiMsA ke kAraNoM kI khoja prAyaH bAhara se hotI hai| bAhara bhI hiMsA ke kAraNa haiM kintu ve hI akele kAraNa nahIM haiM; hiMsA ke kAraNa bAhara tathA bhItara donoM tarapha haiN| garIbI, Arthika viSamatA, Adi bAhya kAraNa bhI hote haiM; phira bhI mukhya kAraNa hai - mAnasikatA, yaha Antarika kAraNa hai| inake sAtha hI anya Antarika kAraNa bhI haiN| jaise zarIra ke stara para hiMsA ke do Antarika kAraNa haiM - 1. nAr3ItantrIya asantulana aura 2. rAsAyanika asntuln| sUkSmazarIra ke stara para bhI hiMsA ke do Antarika kAraNa haiM -

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caturtha adhyAya 1. karmoM kA udaya aura 2. dUSita aabhaamnnddl| cetanA ke stara para hiMsA ke aneka Antarika kAraNa haiM - 1. mithyA dRSTikoNa, 2. niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa, 3. vaicArika Agraha, 4. mAnasika tanAva, 5. bhAvanAtmaka tanAva, 6. saMgraha kI vRtti, 7. mAnasika caJcalatA kA atireka, 8. ahaMbhAva, 9. hInabhAva aadi| hiMsA ke aneka kAraNa haiM aura kArya eka hai| isa taraha hiMsA isalie vyApaka hai, kyoMki usake kAraNa aneka haiN| garIba samAja meM garIbI ko hiMsA kA kAraNa kahA jAtA hai, kintu bhautika saMsAdhanoM se paripUrNa amerikA jaise amIra rASTroM meM bhI aneka hatyAe~ roja hotI haiN| isIlie amIrI bhI, garIbI se bhI jyAdA khataranAka ho jAtI hai| ina sabhI bAtoM kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki vartamAna meM hiMsA kI jar3eM itanI gaharI aura phailI huI haiM ki usakA eka bhAga ukhAr3akara pheMka dene para bhI hiMsA kA vRkSa pUrNata: unmUlita nahIM ho rahA hai| hiMsA ke pakSa meM galata tarka - bhAratIya itihAsa meM jaba hiMsA atyanta vyApaka ho gaI aura kucha vikRta sAdhu-saMnyAsI bhI hiMsaka hokara mA~sAhAra taka karane lage, taba indriyalolupI manuSyoM ne apanI isa karanI aura burAI ko tarka ke AdhAra para ucita ThaharAnA prArambha kara diyaa| dharma-granthoM meM bhI hiMsA ke samarthana meM prasaGga jor3e jAne lage; artha kA anartha kiyA gyaa| hiMsA ko puNya aura dharma taka se jor3ane ke prayAsa hue| gyArahavIM zatI meM AcArya amRtacandra ne hiMsA ke ina galata tarkoM ke saTIka uttara puruSArthasiddhyupAya nAmaka grantha meM die haiN|' hiMsA ke pakSa meM die jAne vAle kutarkoM kA ullekha yahA~ Avazyaka hai - 1. devatAoM ke lie hiMsA karane se ve prasanna hote haiN| 1. puruSArthasiddhyupAya, zloka 79 se 89

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ahiMsA darzana pUjya-puruSoM, viziSTa atithiyoM ke svAgata-satkAra meM hiMsA karanA caahie| 3. mA~ mA~sAhAra se eka jIva maratA hai, zAkAhAra se aneka jIva marate haiM; isalie mA~sAhAra ucita hai| 4. kisI eka hiMsaka prANI ko mAreMge to aneka ahiMsaka tathA anya jIvoM kI rakSA hogI; ata: usakI hatyA ucita hai| 5. koI jIva, roga yA paristhiti se duHkhI hai, use mArane se usakA duHkha dUra ho jAegA, vaha mukta ho jAegA; ata: usakI hiMsA ucita hai| 6. sukhI jIva ko mArane se use dUsare janma meM bhI sukha milegA; ata: use mAranA ucita hai| 7. samAdhi meM baiThe guru kA yadi sira kATa deM to ve mokSa cale jaaeNge| dUsaroM ko bhojana karAne ke lie apane zarIra ko kATakara bhI mA~sa khilAnA caahie| AcArya amRtacandra ke samaya hiMsA viSayaka ye dhAraNAe~ pracalita thIM, unhoMne apane grantha meM inakA alaga-alaga ullekha karate hue unakA samAdhAna kiyA ki ye sabhI tarka galata haiN| jo hiMsA hai, vaha hiMsA hI hai, vaha cAhe dharma yA dharmAtmA, kisI ke bhI uddezya se kyoM na kI jAe, usakA dharma yA mokSa se koI lenA-denA nahIM hai| vartamAna meM bhI svArthI aura jihvA ke lolupI manuSya, hiMsA ke pakSa meM aneka kutarka dete haiN| jaise, yadi hama jAnavaroM ko mArakara nahIM khAeMge to inakI saMkhyA itanI bar3ha jAegI ki saMsAra meM rahanA muzkila ho jaaegaa| pazudhana jaba kAma kA na raha jAe to use bUcar3akhAne meM bhejakara usake camar3e aura mA~sa kA upayoga karanA hI ucita hai ityAdi, kintu yaha sArA cintana aniSTa aura hiMsaka manovRtti kA sUcaka aura usakA prabala poSaka hai|

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caturtha adhyAya yadi isa taraha ke tarkoM ko ucita mAna liyA jAya to pUre vizva meM dinoM dina bar3hakara vikarAla rUpa le rahI manuSyoM kI janasaMkhyA ke viSaya meM bhI yahI tarka lAgU ho sakatA hai, taba kyA manuSyoM ko mAra-mArakara janasaMkhyA kA niyantraNa ucita hogA? vAstavikatA to yahI hai ki prakRti svayaM apanA santulana banAnA jAnatI hai; use apanA kArya apane Apa karane denA caahie| hama usameM hastakSepa karake bAdhaka na banakara hiMsaka manovRtti se svayaM ko alaga rkheN| yahI prakRti ke sAtha hamArA bahuta bar3A sahayoga hogaa| nayI khojoM se niSkarSa sAmane Aye haiM ki jAnavaroM, jIva-jantuoM kI kamI aura unakI prajAtiyoM ke samApta hone se hamArA paryAvaraNa asantulita ho rahA hai aura pRthvI vinAza kI ora bar3ha rahI hai|' hiMsA ke prakAra - hiMsA ke aneka prakAra haiN| vividha mAdhyamoM se, vividha tarIkoM se hiMsA hotI hai| jaina paramparA meM sthUlarUpa se hiMsA ke cAra bheda isa prakAra mAne gae haiM - 1. saGkalpI hiMsA - saGkalpapUrvaka kisI prANI ko pIr3A denA yA usakA vadha karanA 'saGkalpI hiMsA' hai| AtaMkavAda, sAmpradAyika daGgoM, jAti-virodhI hamaloM aura mA~sa-bhakSaNa Adi ke lie kiyA gayA zikAra, ityAdi pravRttiyoM meM hone vAlI hiMsA isa paribhASA meM AtI hai| dhArmika anuSThAnoM kA bahAnA lekara athavA devI-devatAoM ke samakSa kI jAne vAlI bali Adi prathAe~ bhI saGkalpI hiMsA ke antargata hI haiN| 2. ArambhI hiMsA - ghara gRhasthI evaM apane jIvana ke Avazyaka kAryoM meM; jaise, bhojana banAne, nahAne-dhone, vastuoM ko rakhane-uThAne, calane 1. gata do hajAra varSoM meM lagabhaga 160 stanapAyI jIva, 88 pakSI prajAtiyA~ vilupta ho cukI hai aura vaijJAnika anumAna ke anusAra AgAmI 25 varSoM meM eka prajAti prati minaTa kI dara se vilupta ho jaayeNgii| -vijJAna pragati, akTUbara-99, pR. 47

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ahiMsA darzana phirane, uThane-baiThane, ityAdi kAryoM meM aparihAryarUpa se jo jIvaghAta hotA hai, vaha 'ArambhI hiMsA' hai| 3. udyogI hiMsA - AjIvikA upArjana ke lie naukarI, kRSikArya aura udyoga-vyApAra Adi kAryoM meM aparihAryarUpa se jo jIva-hiMsA hotI hai, vaha saba 'udyogI hiMsA' kI zreNI meM AtI hai| kintu ahiMsA kA samarthaka manuSya vahI vyApAra karegA, jisameM kama se kama jIvaghAta ho aura anya kA zoSaNa na ho| 4. virodhI hiMsA - rASTra-dharma-samAja yA apane kuTumba-parivAra svajana Adi para Aye saMkaTa ko dUra karane yA unakI rakSA yA AtmarakSA karate hue kisI AkramaNakArI kI hiMsA, na cAhate hue bhI ho jAtI hai, vaha 'virodhI hiMsA' kahalAtI hai| kyoMki yahA~ uddezya rakSAmAtra thA, unheM mAranA nhiiN| ina cAra prakAra kI hiMsA meM se gRhastha manuSya, jo sAdhu yA saMnyAsI nahIM hai, vaha prathama saGkalpI hiMsA kA pUrNarUpa se tyAga karatA hai| zeSa tIna hiMsA usake gRhastha sAmAjika jIvana meM hotI to avazya hai aura vahA~ bhI vaha hiMsA se bacane kA prayAsa karatA hai kintu majabUrIvaza hiMsA ho jAtI hai| kyA hiMsA kA pUrNa-tyAga sambhava hai? - yadi gRhastha jIvana hai to hiMsA kisI na kisI rUpa meM avazya hogI, phira pUrNa ahiMsA kaise sambhava hai? - yaha Aja kA sAmAnya prazna hai| zAstroM meM sAdhu-saMnyAsiyoM ke lie sampUrNa ahiMsA ke lie ahiMsA mahAvrata kA varNana hai| gRhastha ke lie pUrNa ahiMsA sambhava nahIM hai, isa kAraNa usake lie vyavahArika ahiMsA kA mArga hai 'hiMsA kA alpiikrnn'| arthAt yathAsambhava kama se kama hiMsA ho| tAtparya yaha hai ki jIne ke lie jo bahuta jarUrI nahIM, vaisI hiMsA kA tyAga kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa dRSTi se hama hiMsA ko do staroM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM

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caturtha adhyAya 1. sArthaka hiMsA aura 2. nirarthaka hiMsA sArthaka hiMsA se tAtparya hai - prayojanamUlaka Avazyaka hiMsA, jisake binA hama jI nahIM skte| jaise, paudhoM yA vRkSoM se bhojana-sAmagrI lenA aadi| dUsarI, anarthaka athavA nirarthaka hiMsA kA tAtparya hai - niSprayojana hiNsaa| jaise, hamAre jIvana meM aisI bhI aneka prakAra kI aisI hiMsAe~ hotI haiM, jinako chor3ane se hamArI koI hAni nahIM hotii| vyartha kI hiMsA se hamArA jIvana bharA par3A hai; ata: yadi gRhastha pUrNa hiMsA kA tyAgI nahIM ho sakatA to hiMsA chor3ane kA prArambha to anAvazyaka hiMsA ko chor3akara kiyA hI jA sakatA hai| jo-jo Avazyaka nahIM, use chor3ate cale jAe~, isake bAda jo ati Avazyaka bacegA, vahI jIvana kA yathArtha hogA, sArthaka hiMsA hogii| khAne ke lie vRkSa se pake hue phala tor3anA aparAdha nahIM hai, kintu usake lie pUrI DAla tor3a lenA yA pUrA vRkSa kATa DAlanA, aparAdha hai| yahI sArthaka hiMsA aura nirthaka hiMsA meM bheda hai| hiMsA ke duSpariNAma - Aja hiMsA ke bhayaGkara duSpariNAma sabhI ke sAmane haiN| paramANu bamoM ke prayoga se hirozimA aura nAgAsAkI kI jo hAlata huI, vaha kisI se chipI nahIM hai| Aja bhI usa yuddha ke pariNAma kI tasvIreM dekha leM to dila dahala uThatA hai| prazna uThatA hai astitva kI kImata para itanI hiMsA kyoM? jaba manuSya hI nahIM rahegA to kisakA rAjya rahegA aura kisakI sattA rahegI? apane ahaM aura aniyantrita AkAMkSAoM kI pUrti ke lie manuSya apanI zaktiyoM kA durupayoga isa kadara kara rahA hai ki usakI hiMsA se na parivAra surakSita hai, na samAja, na rASTra aura na hI vishv| AtaMkavAda, sAmpradAyika daMge, vyaktigata aura anyAnya sampatti ke lie hone vAle saMgharSa aura rAjya, bhASA evaM dharma ko lekara hone vAlI tathA vividha rAjanaitika hiMsAe~ kyA mAnava-jIvana ke hita meM haiM ? uttara hogA - nahIM; to phira yaha saba vyartha meM kyoM aura kisalie kI jAtI haiM?

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ahiMsA darzana hama apane saMsAdhanoM ke vikAsa ke lie nirantara vRkSoM ko kATa rahe haiM, parvatoM ko ukhAr3a rahe haiM, jaGgaloM ko naSTa kara rahe haiM, prakRti kA upayoga karane kI jagaha usakA dohana kara rahe haiN| yaha kArya sampUrNa vizva meM cala rahA hai| pahale hama isa viSaya para cintana karanA anAvazyaka samajhate the kintu aba usake duSpariNAma prAkRtika prakopa, mAnasUna asantulana, ojona chidra, aura globala vArmiMga ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane A rahe haiN| Aja hama isa viSaya para socane lage haiM, ye saba ve kArya haiM, jinheM hama hiMsA mAnate hI nahIM the| paryAvaraNa ko santulita rakhane vAle jAnavaroM aura pazu-pakSiyoM ko bhojana kI vastu banAyA jA rahA haiM, jIbha ke svAda ke lie nirIha, mUka jIvoM kA katla kiyA jA rahA hai| mAMsa niryAta hut roja naye naye katlakArakhAne khula rahe haiN| yahA~ prazna hai, itane vizAla stara para hone vAlI jIvahiMsA tathA jIvoM ke karuNa krandana aura cIkhoM kA asara hamAre paryAvaraNa para par3e binA kaise raha sakatA hai? TAimsa oNpha iNDiyA ke sampAdakIya pRSTha para eka briTiza risarca ke pariNAma prakAzita hue haiM, jisameM yaha siddha kiyA gayA hai ki globala vArmiMga (nirantara bar3hate hue tApamAna) ke lie ye bUcar3akhAne aura mA~sAhAra jimmedAra haiN| dillI vizvavidyAlaya meM bhautikI ke tIna prAdhyApakoM DaoN. madanamohana bajAja, DaoN. ibrAhIma tathA DaoN. vijayarAja siMha ne spaSTa gaNitIya vaijJAnika gaveSaNAoM ke dvArA yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki duniyA bhara meM hone vAlI samasta prAkRtika ApadAoM- sUkhA, bAr3ha, bhUkampa, cakravAta kA kAraNa hiMsA aura hatyAeM haiN| garIboM kA zoSaNa evaM garbhapAta jaisI hiMsA se bhI hama pApa ke bhAgIdAra to bana hI rahe haiM, sAtha hI apane paryAvaraNa ko pradUSita karake vAtAvaraNa ko hiMsaka banA rahe haiM, jisakA sIdhA asara manuSya kI sukhazAnti para par3atA hai| manuSya jaisA khAegA, vaisA hI socegaa| 1. 2. 1-May-2007; Times of India tulasI prajJA, janavarI-2002, pR. 44

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caturtha adhyAya 65 bahuta purAnI kahAvata hai - 'jaisA khAve anna, vaisA hove mn|' manuSya aNDA-mA~sa khAegA, madyapAna karegA to usakI mAnasikapravRtti bhI hiMsaka hogii| manuSya se hI parivAra, samAja, rASTra aura vizva nirmita hotA hai| manuSya kA caritra giregA to vaha hiMsaka hogA, phira isakA prabhAva parivAra, samAja, rASTra evaM sampUrNa vizva para bhI par3egA tathA jaba vizva hiMsaka banegA to usakA prabhAva mAnava-jIvana aura usake astitva para bhI avazya pdd'egaa| mAnava kI asmitA ko surakSita rakhane ke lie hara hAla meM hameM usake mUladharma 'ahiMsA' kI cetanA ko jIvita rakhanA hogA, kyoMki ahiMsA rahegI to astitva rahegA; anyathA vinAza ko koI roka nahIM skegaa| hiMsA aura usake duSpariNAmoM ko dekhakara yaha bAta aba antArASTriya stara para kI jAne lagI hai ki yaha vizva prAkRtika dRSTi se akhaNDa hai| pratyeka jIvadhArI usa akhaNDatA kA eka avibhAjita bhAga hai| kisI bhI eka bhAga ko kaSTa hogA to usakA sUkSma duSprabhAva sabhI jIvadhAriyoM para pdd'egaa| abhI paryAvaraNa ke stara para yaha bAta svIkAra kI jAne lagI hai| vizva kI isa Antarika vyavasthA ko abhI taka sirpha adhyAtma samajha rahA thA kintu vijJAna bhI isa tathya ko samajhane lagA hai| ___ahiMsA kI dRSTi sabhI jIvadhAriyoM ko samAna dRSTi se dekhatI hai| Aja ahiMsA ke svara ko mAtra zAstroM ke AdhAra para prabhAvazAlI nahIM banAyA jA sakatA, usake lie hameM aneka tarka juTAne hoNge| isa kAma meM vijJAna hamArI madada kara sakatA hai|

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paMcama adhyAya ahiMsA kI AdhyAtmika sUkSma vyAkhyA ahiMsA kI vyAvahArika upayogitA ke bAre meM jitanA kahA jAe, utanA kama hai| jIva-vyavahAra meM ahiMsA A jAe to jIvana 'satyaM zivaM sundaram' ke Adarza ko prApta kara sakatA hai| ahiMsA ke vyAvahArikapakSa kI anivArya upasthiti ke sAtha-sAtha usake AdhyAtmikapakSa para vicAra karanA bhI Avazyaka hai| ahiMsA kA AdhyAtmika sUkSma dRSTikoNa yadi sAtha meM rahegA to mArga meM kahIM rukAvaTa nahIM aayegii| ahiMsA kI AdhyAtmika vyAkhyA samajhane ke lie manuSya kI AdhyAtmika pRSThabhUmi pahale se hI honI caahie| apAtra vyakti ko yaha vyAkhyA samajha meM AnA asambhava bhale hI na ho kintu kaThina avazya hai| isa vyAkhyA ko AtmasAt karake jJAnI samyagdRSTi manuSya, ahiMsAdharma kI avazya zrIvRddhi karegA kintu jJAna na hone para bhI svayaM ko jJAnI mAnakara, ajJAnI mithyAdRSTi manuSya isa sUkSma vyAkhyA ko galata taraha se samajhakara svacchanda pravRtti bhI kara sakatA hai, ata: ise samajhane ke lie atyanta dhairya tathA viveka kI AvazyakatA hai| AtmA kI amaratA kA siddhAnta AtmA usa zuddha caitanyatattva kA nAma hai, jo mUlataH avinAzI hai arthAt AtmA kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotaa| AtmA, zarIra meM vyApta hokara rahatA hai| zarIra asthAyI va anitya hai kyoMki usakA navIna saMyoga hotA hai|

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paMcama adhyAya ajJAnavaza ye jIva zarIra ke janma ko AtmA kA janma aura zarIra ke maraNa ko AtmA kA maraNa mAnate haiM lekina zarIra meM sthita AtmA kA na to janma hotA hai aura na hI vaha maratA hai| maraNa usI kA hotA hai, jisakA janma huA ho| jo ajanmA hai, usakI mRtyu kaisI? zarIra ke marane para bhI vaha nahIM mrtaa|' yadi hama yA Apa koI cAhe to bhI AtmA ko na to utpanna kara sakate haiM aura na hI mAra sakate haiM phira mRtyu kisakI hotI hai? maratA kauna hai? hiMsA kauna karatA hai? - yaha prazna uThatA hai| AtmA nitya aura avinAzI hai - yaha siddhAnta bhAratIyadarzana kI pramukha dhArA meM sammilita hai| gItA kA vAkya hai - nAsato vidyate bhAvo nAbhAvo vidyate stH| arthAt asat kA kabhI utpAda nahIM hotA aura sat kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotaa| avinAzI tu tadviddhi yena sarvamidaM ttm| vinAzamavyayasyAsya na kshcitmrtumrhti|| arthAt jo sAre zarIra meM vyApta hai, use hI tuma avinAzI smjho| usa avyaya AtmA ko naSTa karane meM koI bhI samartha nahIM hai| yaha AtmA kA na to kabhI kisI zastra ke dvArA khaNDa-khaNDa kiyA jA sakatA hai, na agni ke dvArA jalAyA jA sakatA hai, na jala ke dvArA bhigoyA yA vAyu dvArA sukhAyA jA sakatA hai| vedAvinAzinaM nityaM ya enmjmvyym| kathaM sa puruSaH pArtha kaM ghAtayati haantikm|| gItA 2/20 gItA, 2/16 gItA, 2/17 gItA, 2/17 gItA, 2/21

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68 ahiMsA darzana jo jJAnI manuSya yaha jAnatA hai ki AtmA avinAzI, ajanmA, zAzvata aura avyaya hai, vaha bhalA kisI ko kaise mAra sakatA hai yA maravA sakatA hai ? prathama zatI ke AcArya kundakunda ne samayasAra nAmaka grantha meM kahA ki kevala vyAvahArika dRSTi se jIva aura zarIra eka hai kyoMki jIva, zarIra meM rahatA hai kintu nizcayadRSTi yA vAstavika paramArtha dRSTi se jIva aura zarIra kabhI bhI eka padArtha nahIM haiM - vavahAraNao bhAsadi, jIvo deho ya havadi khalu ekko| du Nicchavasya jIvo, deho ya kadA vi ekkaTTho // ' yadyapi zarIra ke saMyoga ke kAraNa paryAvadRSTi se jIva (AtmA) bhI anitya kahalAtA hai tathApi vaha svarUpataH dravyadRSTi se nitya evaM avinAzI hai| jaba bhI jIvoM kI hiMsA-ahiMsA kI carcA hotI hai, taba yaha siddhAnta hamAre samakSa upasthita hotA hai ki jaba AtmA kA janma yA maraNa hI nahIM hotA, taba hiMsA kisakI hotI hai ? yadi kahA jAe ki zarIra kI hiMsA hotI hai to prazna utpanna hotA hai ki zarIra to jar3a ( acetana) hai aura jar3a kI hiMsA nahIM ho sktii| isa duniyA meM jaba pratyeka dravya svatantra hai tathA usakA pratyeka pariNamana bhI svatantra rUpa se ho rahA hai, taba vahA~ koI kisI ko mAratA hai yA jindA karatA hai - yaha bAta kahA~ se AyI ? sAtha hI pratyeka jIva kA jIvana usake Ayukarma ke svAdhIna hai aura mRtyu Ayukarma pUrNa hone para hI hotI hai arthAt jaba taka Ayukarma zeSa hai, taba taka mRtyu nahIM ho sakatI to kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA kaise ho sakatI hai ? vItarAgI kriyA se bandhana nahIM AtmA meM rAgAdi vikArIpariNAmoM kI utpatti hone para hI hiMsA hotI hai, anyathA nahIM hotii| jisa prakAra koI vyakti, zarIra para tela lagAkara 1. samayasAra - AcArya kundakunda, gAthA - 37

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paMcama adhyAya 69 vyAyAmazAlA meM athavA kuztI ke sthala para jahA~ dhUla yA reta hotI hai, vahA~ jAtA hai aura vyAyAma karatA hai athavA kuztI lar3atA hai, taba usake zarIra para reta cipaka jAtI hai| nizcita hI usake zarIra para reta cipakane kA mUlakAraNa, zarIra para lage tela kI cikanAI hai, na ki kuztI lar3anA Adi tathA binA tela lagAye sUkhe badana reta para kuztI lar3ane para bhI reta, zarIra para cipakatI nahIM hai; svataH jhara jAtI hai| usI prakAra rAgI jIva, jaba kriyA karatA hai, taba use karmoM kA bandhana jarUra hotA hai kintu jJAnI jIva, jaba kriyA karatA hai, taba use bandhana nahIM hotA arthAt usake dvArA AtmA kI hiMsA nahIM hotii|' jIvana-maraNa sukha-duHkha karmoM para nirbhara pratyeka saMsArI jIva kA jInA aura maranA, usake Ayukarma se hotA hai| hama eka-dUsare ko apanI Ayu de nahIM sakate aura na hI chIna sakate haiN| ajJAnI loga hI aisA mAnate haiM ki maiM mAra sakatA hU~ yA phira maiM jIvana de sakatA huuN| jJAnI loga mAnate haiM ki pratyeka jIva apane-apane karmoM ke udaya se sukhI yA duHkhI hote haiN| koI kisI ko sukhI yA duHkhI nahIM karatA hai, nA hI kara sakatA hai kyoMki hama eka-dUsare ke karma le yA de nahIM skte| jo maNNadi hiMsAmi ya hiMsijjAmi ya parehiM sttehi| so mUr3ho aNNANI NANI etto du vivriido|' jo mAnatA hai ki maiM parajIvoM ko mAratA hU~ yA parajIva, mujhe mArate haiM, vaha jIva, mUr3ha, mohI aura ajJAnI hai vahI hiMsaka hai aura jo aisA nahIM mAnatA, vaha jJAnI hai, samyagdRSTi hai, vahI ahiMsaka hai| bhAvoM para hiMsA-ahiMsA kI nirbharatA hiMsA meM jIva kA ghAta (vadha) ho bhI sakatA hai aura nahIM bhI ho sakatA hai, ataH jIva kA vadhamAtra hiMsA kA mApadaNDa nahIM hai| ahiMsA meM 1. samayasAra, gAthA 237 se 246 taka 2. samayasAra, gAthA 248 se 258 taka 3. samayasAra, gAthA-247

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ahiMsA darzana jIvarakSA ho bhI sakatI hai aura nahIM bhI ho sakatI hai; ata: jIvarakSAmAtra bhI ahiMsA kA mApadaNDa nahIM hai| jIva, mareM yA na mareM, AtmA meM karmoM kA bandhana, adhyavasAnAdi bhAvoM se hI hotA hai, yahI paramArthadRSTi hai - ajjhavasideNa baMdho satte mAreu mA va maareu| eso baMdhasamAso jIvANaM nnicchynnyss|| yahI bAta AcArya amRtacandra ne ahiMsA ke mahAna grantha puruSArthasiddhyupAya meM bhI hai yasmAtsakaSAyaH san hantyAtmA prthmmaatmnaatmaanm| pazcAjjAyeta na vA hiMsA prANyantarANAM tu|| arthAt jIva, kaSAyabhAva se yukta hone para prathama svayaM hI svayaM kA ghAta karatA hai, bAda meM dUsare jIvoM kI hiMsA ho athavA na ho| karma-bandhana ko hI hiMsA kA sabase bar3A pramANa mAnA gayA hai| AtmA meM karmoM kA bandhana mUlataH rAga ke nimitta se hotA hai, ataH rAga hI sabase bar3I hiMsA hai| AtmA meM jitane aMzoM meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra hai, utane aMzoM meM bandhana nahIM hai arthAt ahiMsA hai aura jitane aMzoM meM rAga hai, utane aMzoM meM bandhana hotA hai| yenAMzena tu rAgastenAMzenAsya bandhanaM bhvti| paNDita AzAdharajI ne kahA bhI hai - paraM jinAgamasyedaM rhsymvdhaarytaam| hiMsA rAgAdhududbhUtirahiMsA tdnudbhvH| 1. samayasAra, gAthA 262 zloka-47 puruSArthasiddhyupAya, 212-214 anagAradharmAmRta, 4/26

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paMcama adhyAya __ arthAt jinAgama kA yaha utkRSTa sAra apane citta meM nizcitarUpa se aGkita kareM ki rAga-dveSa Adi kI utpatti hiMsA hai aura usakI anutpatti ahiMsA hai| ata: yaha nizcita hai ki hiMsA, jIva ke bhAvoM se sambandhita hai| bhAva, azuddha hoMge to sabase pahale svayaM AtmA hI dUSita hogI aura yaha sabase bar3I hiMsA hai| azuddhabhAva jaba kriyA meM pariNamita hoMge to dUsaroM ko duHkhI karanA tathA prANoM kA haraNa karanA rUpa bAhya hiMsA pradarzita hogI, jise dravyahiMsA kahA jAtA hai| yadi yaha na bhI ho, taba bhI hiMsA to ho hI gayI, kyoMki karmabandha bhAvoM se hI hotA hai| AcArya amRtacandra dravyahiMsA aura bhAvahiMsA ke bIca samanvaya sthApita karate hue kahate haiM - sUkSmA'pi na khalu hiMsA, paravastunibandhanA bhavati puNsH| hiMsAyatanivRti:pariNAmavizaddhaye tadapi kaaryaa||' arthAt yadyapi paravastu ke kAraNa raJcamAtra bhI hiMsA nahIM hotI hai; tathApi pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi ke lie, hiMsA ke Ayatana yA sthAna bAhya parigrahAdi ko bhI chor3a denA caahie| adhyAtma aura adhyAtmAbhAsa ahiMsA kI ukta vyAkhyA, ajJAnI ko svacchanda bhI banA sakatI hai| kyoMki isa siddhAnta se pratyeka manuSya hiMsA karatA huA bhI svayaM ko ahiMsaka kahane kA sAhasa kara sakegA, usake pAsa 'merI bhAvanA to zuddha hai' - yaha eka amogha sAdhana A jAtA hai| vaha isa AdhyAtmika vyAkhyA ko kavaca banAkara apane dvArA kI gayI bAhya hiMsA ko ucita aura tarka-saMgata ThaharAne kA prayAsa karegA, vaha apane pakSa meM nimnalikhita kutarka bhI de sakatA hai 1. puruSArthasiddhyupAya, 49

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ahiMsA darzana 1. maiMne jo hiMsA kI, usameM maiM nimittamAtra banA; vastutaH maiM usakA kartA nahIM huuN| 2. mujhase hiMsA ho gaI, kintu merI bhAvanA zuddha thI; ata: doSa nahIM laganA caahie| 3. jaba pratyeka dravya kA pariNamana svatantra va nizcita hai to mere dvArA yaha hiMsA honA bhI nizcita hI hai; ata: merA kyA doSa? 4. AtmA kabhI nahIM maratI; ataH mere dvArA hatyA kaise huI? ataH yaha doSa mithyA hai| 5. hamane to acchA kAma kiyA hai kyoMki zarIra se ba~dhI AtmA ko mukta kara diyA hai| isa taraha ke aneka kutarkoM kA sahArA lekara kaI loga adhyAtma ke mUla rahasya ko na samajhate hue hiMsA ko tarka-sammata tathA dharma-sammata ThaharAne kI koziza karate haiM, tAki unakI hiMsA kI pravRtti bhI banI rahe aura ve nirdoSa bhI kahalAe~, ise hI adhyAtma ko par3hakara svacchanda honA kahate haiN| yahA~ ukta samasyA ke samAdhAna ke lie isa bAta kA spaSTIkaraNa jarUrI hai - ki itanA utkRSTa adhyAtma kisa sthiti meM hotA hai? - sAmAnya gRhastha vyakti, vratoM kA pUrNa pAlana karane meM asamartha hai, ataH usake lie hiMsA ke alpIkaraNa kI bAta kahI gayI hai| saMyamI mahAvratI muni ke lie pUrNa ahiMsA mahAvrata kI bAta kahI hai| kisI bhI jIva ke prANoM kA viyoga, asIma vedanA kA kAraNa hotA hai; ata: vyavahAra se yahI hiMsA hai aura isa hiMsA meM jo jIva nimitta banatA hai, usake bhAvoM ke anusAra use bhAva aura dravya, donoM taraha kA bandha hotA hai| isa bandha kA pariNAma bhI use Age jAkara svayaM bhugatanA par3atA hai| yaha bhI dravya kA svataH aura svatantra pariNamana hI hai; ata: ina kutarkoM se hiMsA ko karaNIya mAnanA yA svayaM ko nirdoSa mAnanA, svacchandatA hai, jisakA burA pariNAma svacchandI jIva svayaM bhugatatA hai|

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paMcama adhyAya ratnatrayadhArI saMyamI muni, jo ahiMsA mahAvrata ke dhArI haiM, unheM bahuta hI sAvadhAnIpUrvaka AdhyAtmika ahiMsA kA pAlana anivArya ho jAtA hai; ataH niSpramAda AcaraNa karate hue bhI yadi kisI jIva kA ghAta unake nimitta se ho jAtA hai to ahiMsA kI sthUla paribhASAoM se Upara uThakara bAhya hiMsA hote hue bhI unheM hiMsA kA doSa nahIM lagatA hai| lekina aisI ahiMsA kA pAlana karane kI sAmarthya aise hI yatnAcAriyoM meM hotI hai; ataH ve svacchandI nahIM hote haiN| yadyapi asaMyamI avasthA meM bhI mAnasika aura bauddhikastara para isa AdhyAtmika vyAkhyA ko samajhane meM koI doSa nahIM hai| pratyuta acchA hI hai kintu apanI bhUmikA se Upara uThe binA, usI avasthA meM usakA akSaraza: pAlana karane kI koziza karanA bhI hAnikAraka ho jAtA hai| yaha koziza sAmAjika dRSTi se bhI virodhAbhAsa kI sthiti kA kAraNa banatI hai aura AdhyAtmika dRSTi se bhii| uparyukta kutarkoM ke viparIta jJAnI vyakti, ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA ko samajhakara nimnaprakAra vicAra karatA haiM - 1. jaba AtmA maratA yA jItA nahIM, taba hama kisI ko mArane vAle yA jindA rakhane vAle kauna hote hai? 2. bhAvanA, zuddha hone para hiMsA ho hI nahIM sakatI; ata: yadi hiMsA huI hai to usameM kahIM na kahIM merA hI doSa hai| 3. jaba jIva, Ayukarma pUrNa hone para hI zarIra chor3atA hai, taba hama usameM nimitta bhI kyoM baneM? usakA vikalpa bhI kyoM kareM? 4. pratyeka dravya apane-apane kAraNoM se svatantrarUpa se pariNamita ho rahA hai; ataH koI merA kucha bhI bhalA-burA nahIM kara sakatA aura na maiM kisI kA bhalA-burA kara sakatA huuN|

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ahiMsA darzana 5. mujhe apanI AtmA ko rAga-dveSAdi vikArIbhAvoM (hiMsA) se bacAnA hai; usase bAhya ahiMsA to svataH hI jIvana meM A jaaegii| eka hI siddhAnta ko alaga-alaga sandarbha meM svIkAra karane se do taraha ke pariNAma sAmane Ate haiN| adhyAtmAbhAsI ajJAnI ke vicAra, pApakarma ke bandhanarUpa haiM aura AdhyAtmika jJAnI ke vicAra karmoM kI nirjarA (samApti) ke kAraNa haiN| iname eka kA vicAra jIvana ko hiMsArUpI mahA dala-dala meM pha~sAtA hai to dUsare kA vicAra saMsAracakra se bAhara nikAlane kA kArya karatA rAga hI hiMsA hai rAgAdINamaNuppAo, ahiMsakattaM tti desiyaM sme| tesiM ce uppattI, hiMsetti jiNehi nnihivaa|| jinezvara ne kahA hai- rAga Adi kI anutpatti ahiMsA hai aura unakI utpatti hiMsA hai| (samaNasuttaM, ahiMsAsUtra)

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SaSTha adhyAya gA~dhIdarzana ahiMsA ke prayoga tathA bhAratIya saMvidhAna satya aura ahiMsA ke bala para bhAratavarSa ko svatantratA dilAne vAle ahiMsaka krAntikArI mohanadAsa karamacanda gA~dhI kA janma, 2 akTUbara 1869 ko porabandara, gujarAta meM huA thaa| pitA karamacanda gA~dhI, porabandara rAjya ke pradhAnamantrI, rAjasthAnika kora ke sabhAsada, rAjakoTa meM dIvAna aura kucha samaya taka bIkAnera meM dIvAna pada para kAryarata rhe| mA~ putalIbAI jaina parivAra se thiiN| ve dhArmika pravRtti kI gharelU mahilAratna thiiN| jainadharma ko mAnane vAle unake mAtA-pitA AjIvana satyaniSTha, ahiMsaka aura ImAnadAra rhe| vidyArthI jIvana ke prArambhika kAla meM gA~dhIjI Adarza vidyArthI nahIM the| apane hRSTa-puSTa, tAkatavara va mA~sAhArI mitra ke prabhAva meM unhoMne ekAdha bAra dhUmrapAna va mA~sAhAra ke lie ghara meM corI bhI kI, kintu isa kArya se unheM Atma-glAni huI, phalasvarUpa isa doSa ke lie unhoMne apane pitA ko eka patra likhA aura sanmArga para calane kI pratijJA lii| gA~dhIjI kA vivAha mAtra 13 varSa kI Ayu meM kastUrabA ke sAtha ho gyaa| san 1887 meM maiTrika kI parIkSA uttIrNa karane ke bAda 18 varSa kI umra meM Apa adhyayana hetu videza cale ge| mA~ putalIbAI, gA~dhIjI ko videza nahIM jAne denA cAhatI thiiN| unakA mantavya thA ki videza jAne para vyakti kA caritra naSTa ho jAtA hai| gA~dhIjI ne His Parents were followers of the Jain school of Hinduism; which regards Ahimsa; the doctrine of non-injury to any from of life; as on of its basicprincipal. - Mahatma Gandhi, by Romain Rolland; Pg-3

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76 ahiMsA darzana bahuta jida kI to unakI mA~ unheM eka jaina muni ke darzana ke lie le giiN| gA~dhIjI ne apanI AtmakathA 'satya ke prayoga' meM isa bAta kA ullekha kiyA hai ki jaina muni ne mujhe tIna pratijJAe~ dilavAIM aura maiMne jaba una pratijJAoM ko mAnA, tabhI mA~ ne videza jAkara par3hane hetu anumati dii| ve tIna pratijJAe~ thIM 1. kabhI mA~sa nahIM khaauuNgaa| 2. kabhI madirA nahIM piuuNgaa| 3. kabhI parastrI-saMsarga nahIM kruuNgaa| videza-pravAsa ke daurAna unheM aneka parezAniyoM kA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| jaise, mA~sa-madirA ke sevana ke lie atyadhika dabAva jhelanA par3A, kintu mA~ ko diye vacana kA unhoMne nirvAha kiyaa| pazcimI saMskRti meM svayaM ko samAyojita karane (nRtya-saGgIta-vAdana sIkhane) ke unake prayAsa asaphala rhe| zAyada gA~dhI ke andara vidyamAna bhAratIyatA ne unake isa pAzcAtya cole ko dhAraNa karane ke mArga meM avarodha utpanna kie aura gA~dhI ke rUpa meM jo bhAratIya iMglaiNDa gayA thA, vaha bhAratIya rUpa meM hI vApasa A gyaa| teIsa varSoM taka deza se bAhara rahane ke bAda jaba gA~dhIjI svadeza vApasa Ae, taba bhArata meM svatantratA saMgrAma kA sUtrapAta ho cukA thaa| sara e. o. hyUma aura sara veDaravarna, iNDiyana nezanala kAMgresa kI sthApanA kara cuke the| isa kAMgresa kA prayAsa yaha thA ki aMgrejoM kA zAsana banA rahe aura bhArata kA koI nukasAna na ho| gA~dhIjI ne aMgrejI zAsana se svatantratA ke sambandha meM aneka mata-matAntaroM ke madhya kAMgresa kA lakSya 'hinda svarAja' nirdhArita kiyaa| sAtha hI atyanta dhairya ke sAtha gA~dhIjI ne bhArata kI samasyAoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| gAMdhI jI kA darzana gAMdhI jI koI dArzanika nahIM the aura na hI unameM kinhIM dArzanikoM jaise cinha dikhAyI dete the| apane vyAkhyAnoM, lekhoM, patroM aura 1. An autobiography 'My experiment with truth'- M.K. Gandhi; Pg-33

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SaSTha adhyAya TippaNiyoM se gAMdhI jI ne atyanta sahaja DhaMga se sIdhI sarala bAteM kahIM haiN| ve eka saphala racanAkAra the| unhoMne manuSya ke nirmANa ke lie tathA bhArata ko svatantra karAne ke lie jo sUtra banAye vAstava meM vaha hI hamAre lie gAMdhI darzana hai| ve sUtra haiM 1. satyAgraha 77 satyAgraha kA artha hai- Atmabala / satyAgraha se tAtparya yaha hai ki aisI bAta yA kAnUna jo hamAre dharma, astittva aura mAnavatA ke khilApha ho aura use hama pasanda na karate hoM to use mAnane kA naisargika adhikAra hamAre pAsa hai| isake lie hama saharSa saz2A bhugata leMge lekina anIti aura adharma para nahIM cleNge| satya kA Agraha to honA hI caahie| gAMdhI jI mAnate the ki 'kAnUna hameM pasanda na ho to bhI unake mutAbika calanA cAhie, yaha sikhAvana mardAnagI ke khilApha hai, dharma ke khilApha hai aura gulAmI kI hada hai|' isIlie satyAgrahI vyakti na to usa kAnUna ke anusAra calegA aura na hI usa kAnUna banAne vAle ko mArane kA prayAsa karegA / gAMdhI jI ne isI satyAgraha ke bala para karor3oM janatA ke mana meM yaha vizvAsa paidA kiyA ki karor3oM logoM ke Atmabala ke Age muTThIbhara aMgrejoM kA topabala bhI kisI kAma kA nahIM hai / 2. chuAchUta kA unmUlana gAMdhI jI ne dekhA ki bhArata meM aspRzyatA arthAt chuAchUta sabase bar3I kurIti hai| gAMdhI jI ne isa kurIti ko dUra karane ke lie jo saMgharSa kiyA vaha rASTra nirmANa kI eka bahuta bar3I misAla bana gyaa| unhoMne kahA yadi koI yaha siddha kara de ki aspRzyatA hindUdharma kA eka anivArya aMga hai, to maiM hindUdharma ko tyAga duuNgaa| pahalI bAra gAMdhI jI ne hI achUtoM ke lie 'harijana' zabda kA prayoga kiyA thA, yaha Aja bhI prayoga kiyA jA rahA hai| gAMdhI jI kA spaSTa mAnanA thA ki koI bhI manuSya achUta nahIM ho sakatA kyoM ki sabhI meM eka hI agni kI ciMgAriyA~ vidyamAna haiN| kisI ko

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78 ahiMsA darzana janma se achUta mAnanA galata hai| chUAchUta kA AcaraNa gaira dhArmika hai aura ise samApta kiyA jAnA caahie| gAMdhI jI ke chuAchUta unmUlana AMdolana kA itanA vyApaka asara huA ki bhArata ne apane naye saMvidhAna meM aspRzyatA kA anta kara diyaa| yaha mAnavatA ke lie gA~dhI jI kI sabase bar3I dena thii| 3. zrama kI mahimA gAMdhI jI ne dekhA ki bhArata meM kAmacorI, pramAda aura suvidhAvAda bar3ha rahA hai, jo deza ke lie ghAtaka hai| binA zrama kiye manuSya ko bhojana karane kA koI adhikAra nahIM hai| unhoMne gItA kI vANI par3hI, jisameM likhA hai- 'jo vyakti yajJa ke binA bhojana karatA hai vaha cora hai| gAMdhI jI yajJa kA artha zarIra zrama lagAte the| unake anusAra zarIra-zrama kA AdarzarUpa khetI thaa| unakA kahanA thA ki 'yadi saba apanI roTI ke lie khuda mehanata kareM to U~ca-nIca kA bheda dUra ho jaayegaa| jise ahiMsA kA pAlana karanA hai, satya kI ArAdhanA karanI hai, brahmacarya ko svAbhAvika banAnA hai, usake lie to kAyika zrama rAmabANa hai|' gA~dhI jI svayaM binA zArIrika zrama ke bhojana grahaNa nahIM karate the| 4. paMcAyatI rAja gA~dhI jI gA~voM ko bahuta mahattva dete the| unakA mAnanA thA ki bhArata jaise bar3e deza kI adhikAMza janasaMkhyA gA~voM meM basatI hai| gA~voM ke prati upekSA gA~dhI jI ko sahana nahIM thii| prAcInakAla se hI bhArata ke gA~va apanI mUlabhUta AvazyakatAoM ke lie sadA svAzrayI rahe haiN| paMcAyatI rAja ke dvArA ve svayaM hI zAsita hokara rASTra ke merudaNDa bana sakate haiN| gAMdhI jI bhArata ke sAta lAkha gA~voM ko maraNAsanna sthiti meM pahu~cAne ke lie briTiza sarakAra ko doSI mAnate the, jinhoMne gA~voM kI svazAsita vyavasthA ko samApta kara diyA thaa| gAMdhI jI kA mAnanA to yaha thA ki bhArata ke sAMskRtika, sAmAjika, Arthika aura rAjanItika jIvana para sarala svabhAva grAmINa janatA kA prabhutva honA caahie| unakI grAma-svarAja kI mAnyatA eka pUrNa-gaNarAjya kI mAnyatA se kama nahIM thii| isake lie ve paMcAyatI rAja ke prabala pakSadhara the|

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SaSTha adhyAya sAmpradAyika sadbhAvanA gA~dhI jI isa tathya se paricita the ki vartamAna kA bhArata vibhinna dharma, sampradAya, jAtiyoM kA saMgama sthala hai| isIlie unhoMne vicAra kiyA ki jaba taka inameM paraspara sahAnubhUti aura sahiSNutA kA bhAva nahIM rahegA, deza unnati nahIM kara sktaa| briTiza sarakAra hindu-musalamAnoM ko Apasa meM lar3AnA cAhatI thI, gA~dhI jI unakI isa cAla ko samajha cuke the isIliye unhoMne sAmpradAyika sadbhAva ke lie sabase adhika kArya kiyaa| ve bhAratavarSa ko pakSI tathA hindu-musalamAna ko usake do paMkha kahate the| svataMtratA prApti ke bAda ba~TavAre ko lekara bhArata meM jo sAmpradAyika saMgharSa huA gA~dhI jI use lekara sAmpradAyika sauhArda kAyama hone taka upavAsa para baiTha gaye the| unakA spaSTa mAnanA thA ki jaba bhArata meM sabhI dharma eka dUsare kA Adara nahIM kareMge taba taka bhArata pUrNa rASTra nahIM bana sktaa| gA~dhI jI kisI sampanna gharAne ke vyakti nahIM the aura na hI Ajakala ke mApadaNDoM ke anusAra duniyAvI dRSTi se unakA vyaktittva bahuta AkarSaka hI thA, na ve zAstrIya DhaMga ke paNDita the aura na hI bahuta acche vktaa| ina sAMsArika vizeSatAoM ke na hote hue bhI sahI arthoM meM manuSya the| vyakti kI sImAoM ko pAra karate huye unhoMne 'manuSyatva' ko prApta kara liyA thaa| unakA vyaktitva sarvavyApI tathA samadRSTi sampanna thaa| ve ghanazyAmadAsa bir3alA, luImAunTabeTena athavA vitAniyA ke bAdazAha ke sAtha usI bhAva bhaMgimA ke sAtha bAteM karate the jisa bhAva ke sAtha eka garIba harijana se| zAyada yaha samajhautA nahIM thA, aura ahaMkAra bhI nahIM thA, yaha citta kI zuddhatA aura nirmalatA thI jisake vazIbhUta hokara lAkhoM karor3oM loga unake sAtha ho liye| unakA AbhAmaMDala isa ba~TI huyI duniyA ke hara kone meM jagamagA rahA thaa| yaha kArya unhoMne mAtra apane lekhana ke bala para nahIM kiyA, balki ve janasAmAnya taka pratyakSasamparka, sevA, karma, udAharaNa-prayoga aura kucha duniyA dvArA chor3a diye gaye siddhAntoM- jaise ahiMsA, satya aura sAdhya para sAdhanoM kI zreSThatA ke prati vaphAdArI ke mAdhyama se pahu~ce the| hameM yaha kahanA par3egA ki

Page #82
80 ahiMsA darzana gAMdhI jI meM prabhAva se jyAdA khicAva thA jisake kAraNa deza tathA videzoM ke hindu, jaina, bauddha, musalamAna, IsAI, yadUdI, pArasI tathA hara jAti varga ke loga unase jur3e rahanA pasanda karate the / 'merA jIvana hI merA sandeza hai'- kahane vAle mahAtmA gA~dhI jI kI AtmA itanI nirmala aura pAradarzI thI ki unheM par3hakara aura apanAkara Aja bhI hara vyakti yahI samajhatA hai ki usake khuda ko pA liyA hai| Aja bhI gA~dhI jI kA darzana unake lekhoM yA pustakoM meM utanA nahIM hai, kyoM ki inheM par3hane vAle logoM kI saMkhyA jyAdA nahIM hai| phira bhI eka garIba kisAna, anapar3ha majadUra aura Aja bhI samAja se upekSita varga yadi gA~dhI jI ko apane pAsa pAtA hai, eka udyogati, eka rAjanetA, eka adhikArI aura eka sAdhu bhI yadi apanI pratiSThA bar3hAne ke lie gA~dhI jI kA nAma letA hai to usake pIche sirpha gA~dhI jI kI niHsvArtha sevA aura nizchala jIvana hI hai aura isase bar3hakara kucha nahIM / gA~dhIjI kA svatantratA Andolana gA~dhIjI ke netRtva meM briTiza sarakAra ke viruddha AndolanoM kA daura prArambha huaa| 1920 meM 'satyAgraha Andolana' ke mAdhyama se gA~dhIjI ne campArana, bihAra aura gujarAta ke kisAnoM kA saphalatApUrvaka netRtva kiyaa| isake bAda bhArata ke svatantratA saMgrAma meM gA~dhIjI ne satata sakriya yogadAna diyA / savinaya avajJA, namaka satyAgraha, bhArata chor3o, AmaraNa anazana ityAdi aneka AndolanoM ke mAdhyama se briTiza zAsana kI unhoMne nIMva hilA dii| isa svatantratA Andolana ke daurAna aneka bAra unheM jela bhI jAnA par3A va kadama-kadama para aMgrejoM se apamAnita honA par3A kintu ina saba ghaTanAoM meM unhoMne apane Apako satya aura ahiMsA kI jItI-jAgatI jIvanta mUrti siddha kiyaa| satya aura ahiMsA ke eka hI zastra ke prayoga se unhoMne tIsa karor3a bhAratIyoM ko ekatA ke sUtra meM bA~dhakara antataH 15 agasta 1947 ko bhAratavarSa ko svatantra karA diyaa|

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SaSTha adhyAya 81 svatantratA kA pariNAma, bhArata-pAkistAna vibhAjana ke rUpa meM bahuta duHkhadAyI rhaa| isa ghaTanA ne gA~dhIjI ko hilA kara rakha diyaa| svatantratAprApti se ThIka pA~ca mAha pandraha dina bAda, satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha kI mUrti ko unake hI eka sahadharmI ne 30 janavarI 1948 ko golI mArakara unakI hatyA kara dI, lekina mRtyuzaiyA para bhI usa mahAmAnava ke mukha se 'he rAma' hI niklaa| luI phizara ke zabdoM meM - "eka sAdhAraNa nAgarika, jisake pAsa na dhana thA, na sampatti, na sarakArI upAdhi, na sarakArI pada, na vizeSa prazikSaNa yogyatA, na vaijJAnika siddhi aura na kalAtmaka pratibhA, phira bhI aise logoM ne, jinake pIche sarakAreM aura sevAe~ thIM, isa 78 varSIya la~goTadhArI sAdhAraNa AdamI ko zraddhAJjaliyA~ bheMTa kii|" gA~dhI ke dehAvasAna para bhArata ko sampUrNa vizva se samarpita 3441 zraddhAJjaliyA~ aayiiN| kyA yaha isa bAta kA sabUta nahIM ki vizva ke hara hisse ne gA~dhIjI dvArA apanAe gae jIvana-mUlyoM ko svIkArA thA? gA~dhIjI kI 75vIM varSagA~Tha ke avasara para vizvavikhyAta vaijJAnika AiMsTIna ne jo udgAra vyakta kiye the, ve Aja samIcIna pratIta hote haiM - "AnevAlI pIr3hiyA~ zAyada hI vizvAsa kara sakeMgI ki gA~dhI jaisA hAr3a-mA~sa kA putalA, kabhI isa bhUmi para paidA huA thaa|" ahiMsA ke prayoga Avazyaka kyoM? Aja gA~dhIjI sampUrNa vizva meM prasiddha haiN| Apa videzoM meM jAkara kahIM bhASaNa de rahe hoM aura apane bhASaNa meM gA~dhIjI ke nAma aura siddhAntoM kA prayoga kareM to loga Aja bhI aura adhika dhyAna lagAkara ApakI bAta sunane laga jaaeNge| suprasiddha lekhaka rAmadhArI siMha dinakara likhate haiM ki "saMsAra kA dhyAna gA~dhIjI kI ora isalie AkRSTa huA ki unhoMne pazu-bala ke samakSa Atma-bala kA zastra nikAlA, topoM aura mazInaganoM kA sAmanA karane ke lie ahiMsA kA Azraya liyaa|"

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ahiMsA darzana socane kI bAta yaha hai ki ahiMsA kA Azraya unhoMne liyA hI kyoM? kyA isalie ki aMgrejoM ke viruddha hiMsA kA Azraya lekara ve bhArata ko svAdhIna nahIM kara sakate the? athavA isalie ki mAnava-samAja ko ve yaha zikSA denA cAhate the ki manuSya jaba taka hiMsaka sAdhanoM kA prayoga karane ko udyata hai, taba taka vaha pUrA manuSya kahalAne kA adhikArI nahIM ho sktaa| pahalA vikalpa, ahiMsA ko kiMkartavyavimUr3ha evaM nirupAya vyakti kA sAdhana batAtA hai, jisakA spaSTa sandeza hai ki hamAre pAsa topoM kI saMkhyA itanI nahIM hai, ataH satyAgraha hI sahI hai| jabaki dUsarA vikalpa, ahiMsA ko manuSyatA ke vikAsa kA sAdhana siddha karatA hai, usakI antarAtmA ko nirmala banAne kA upAya siddha karatA hai| pahalI bAta ko gA~dhIjI svayaM nahIM mAnate the| ve ahiMsA ko ga~vAkara bhArata ko svAdhIna karane ke pakSapAtI nahIM the| bhArata kI svAdhInatA bahuta bar3A lakSya thA kintu usase bhI bar3A dhyeya mAnavIya svabhAva meM parivartana lAnA thaa| manuSya ko yaha vizvAsa dilAnA thA ki jina lakSyoM kI prApti ke lie manuSya hiMsaka sAdhanoM kA sahArA letA hai, ve mAnavocita sAdhanoM se bhI prApta kie jA sakate haiN| ___ gA~dhIjI kA mukhya uddezya sirpha dezavAsiyoM ke kaSToM kA nivAraNa karanA nahIM thA balki manuSyoM kI pazutulya pravRttiyoM kA avarodha bhI thaa| ghaNA, krodha, Avega Adi ke vazIbhUta hokara vivekazUnya hokara pazu apane pratipakSiyoM kA sAmanA una zastroM se karate haiM, jo prakRti kI ora se unheM mile hue haiM lekina manuSya, buddhi viveka Adi aneka arthoM meM pazu se zreSTha hai; ataeva ucita hai ki manuSya apane AvegoM para niyantraNa lagAe aura apane dainika jIvana kI samasyAoM ko sulajhAne meM una upAyoM ko kAma meM le, jo pazuoM ko durlabha aura manuSyoM ko sulabha haiN|

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SaSTha adhyAya ahiMsA kI eka prAyogika vicAradhArA mahAtmA gA~dhI ahiMsA ke sirpha saiddhAntika pakSa taka hI sImita nahIM rahe balki unhoMne isa siddhAnta kA prAyogika pakSa prastuta kiyaa| gA~dhIjI ne siddha kiyA ki ahiMsA kA siddhAnta sirpha mokSa jAne ke lie hI nahIM, balki hamAre jIvana kI lagabhaga sabhI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna karane ke lie bhI hai| kucha hI samaya pUrva sinemAgharoM meM AI philmeM 'munnAbhAI MBBS tathA lage raho munnAbhAI' meM gA~dhIjI kI vicAradhArA ke isa prAyogika pakSa ko atyanta prabhAvI tarIke se ujAgara kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi ina philmoM meM gA~dhI jI ke prayoga vAstavika svarUpa meM nahIM the, kintu phira bhI nayI pIr3hI meM ahiMsA para vizvAsa bar3hAne ke lie gA~dhI giri ke nAma se hI sahI, philma nirmAtA ne yaha Adhunika prayoga gA~dhI kI ahiMsaka cintanadhArA ko apane naye aMdAjoM meM prastuta kiye haiM, jo ki bar3e hI prabhAvazAlI siddha huye| gA~dhIjI 'ahiMsA' ko atyanta gUr3ha evaM vizAla artha meM svIkAra karate the| kisI kA vadha na karanA hI ahiMsA nahIM hai; mana-vacana-karma- ina tInoM se hiMsA na karanA hI isakA vizadabhAva hai| yadyapi yaha artha sAragarbhita hai kintu gA~dhIjI itane se hI santuSTa na hote hue eka kadama aura Age bar3hAte haiN| unake anusAra 'ahiMsA' vyakti ko prANImAtra ke prati svayaM kaSTa sahanakara, sadAcaraNa evaM sadbhAvanA kA pATha par3hAne vAlI prakriyA bhI hai| apanI sakriya avasthA meM 'ahiMsA' prANImAtra ke prati prema, dayAlutA aura Atma-balidAna kA pratIka hai| yahA~ prema kA bRhad artha vizva ke sabhI carAcara jagat se prema arthAt samAnabhAva batAyA gayA hai| isakA sIdhA artha hai ki ghRNA ke pAtra vyakti meM bhI prema ke mAdhyama se jIvana phUMkA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi ahiMsA ke sandarbha meM bhI buddhi kA prayoga Avazyaka hai tathApi isakA yaha artha kadApi nahIM ki ahiMsA ekamAtra buddhi kA hI viSaya hai| yadi ApakA vizvAsa apanI AtmA meM nahIM hai, ApameM bhaktibhAva aura bhagavAna ke prati AsthA nahIM hai to ahiMsA Apake kAma Ane vAlI nahIM hai| namratA kI carama sImA hI gA~dhIjI kI ahiMsA hai|

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84 ahiMsA darzana gA~dhIjI kI dRSTi meM ahiMsA, kAyaratA nahIM, kyoMki isake lie puruSArtha Avazyaka hai| isakA pAlana sAhasI hI kara sakatA hai| ahiMsaka vaha hai, jo kAyara nahIM hai, jo marane se DaratA nahIM hai| ahiMsA kA artha atyAcArI ke sAmane jhukanA nahIM varan dRr3hatA se usakA sAmanA karanA hai, usakI mithyA icchA ke viruddha apanI prANazakti lagA denA hai| ahiMsaka sadA sahiSNu hotA hai, isake viparIta kAyara sadaiva kaSTa pahu~cAne meM vizvAsa rakhatA hai| ahiMsaka vyavahAra kabhI patanakArI nahIM hotA, kAyaratA sadaiva patanazIla hotI hai| ve kahate haiM - hiMsaka vyakti ko ahiMsaka banAyA jA sakatA hai parantu kAyara vyakti ko nhiiN| unhIM ke zabdoM meM "maiMne to pukAra-pukAra kara kahA hai ki ahiMsA, vIra kA lakSaNa hai; kAyaratA kabhI dharma nahIM ho sktii| Atmabala ke sAmane talavAra kA bala tRNavat hai, ahiMsA AtmA kA bala hai|" gA~dhIjI ahiMsA ko kevala eka vyakti yA kucha vyaktiyoM kI sampatti nahIM mAnate the| unakA mAnanA hai ki ahiMsA hara vyakti ke mana meM vaise hI vidyamAna hai, jaise dharatI ke andara dabA huA biij| bIja ko jaba jala Adi ucita saMsAdhana prApta ho jAte haiM to vaha aGkara kA rUpa le letA hai aura vahI laghu aGkara eka dina vizAla vRkSa bana jAtA hai| ThIka usI prakAra pratyeka mana meM ahiMsA hai, mAtra use vikasita karane kI AvazyakatA hai| gA~dhIjI kA vicAra thA ki ahiMsA, mAnava meM nirbhIkatA bhara detI hai| nirbhIka vyakti, saMsAra meM saba kucha karane meM samartha rahatA hai kyoMki usameM atyadhika Atmabala hotA hai| Atmikabala hI to vAstavika zakti hai| zarIra kA bala, binA Atmikabala ke vyartha hotA hai| gA~dhIjI kI yahI kAmanA thI ki hamAre dezavAsiyoM meM Atmikabala kI jo kamI hai, vaha dUra ho aura ve yaha mAnate the ki vaha kamI ahiMsA dvArA hI dUra ho sakatI hai| ahiMsA meM vyakti ke andara apAra kSamatA bharane kI zakti hotI hai| gA~dhIjI kahate the ki jisa prakAra hiMsA saMgaThita ho sakatI hai, vaise hI ahiMsA bhI saMgaThita ho sakatI hai| jahA~ kahIM bhI utpIr3ana anyAya,

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SaSTha adhyAya 85 atyAcAra, bhaya, damana aura mAnava ke sAtha durvyavahAra hai, vahA~ saMgaThita ahiMsA se pratirodha kiyA jA sakatA hai| gA~dhIjI ne to isake aneka prayoga kie| dakSiNa aphrIkA, campArana, kher3A Adi sthAnoM para saMgaThita ahiMsA kI sahAyatA se unheM vijaya bhI prApta huii| saMgaThita ahiMsA ke sandarbha meM unhoMne likhA hai - "jo bAta maiM karanA cAhatA hU~ aura karake maranA cAhatA hU~, vaha yaha hai ki ahiMsA ko saMgaThita karU~ / yadi yaha sabhI kSetroM ke lie upayukta nahIM hai to jhUTha hai| maiM kahatA hU~ ki jIvana kI jitanI vibhUtiyA~ hai, sabameM ahiMsA kA upayoga hai ahiMsA yadi vyaktigata guNa hai to mere lie tyAjya hai / merI ahiMsA kI kalpanA vyApaka hai / vaha karor3oM kI hai / maiM to usakA sevaka huuN| jo cIja karor3oM kI nahIM ho sakatI, vaha mere lie tyAjya hai aura mere sAthiyoM ke lie bhI tyAjya hI honI caahie| hama to yaha siddha karane ke lie paidA hue haiM ki satya aura ahiMsA kevala vyaktigata AcAra ke niyama nahIM haiN| merA yaha vizvAsa hai ki ahiMsA sadaiva ke lie hai| yaha AtmA kA guNa hai, isalie vyApaka hai| ahiMsA sabake lie hai aura saba jagaha ke lie hai, sabhI samaya ke lie hai / " gA~dhIjI ahiMsA ko vyakti vizeSa kI cIja nahIM banAnA cAhate the aura na hI pUjA kI vastu banAnA cAhate the| ve ahiMsA ko samAja, rASTra aura samUce vizva kI sArvakAlika aura sArvabhaumika cIja banAnA cAhate the| Aja bhArata kA yaha saubhAgya hai ki ahiMsA kA sandeza dene vAle mahAtmA gA~dhI kA janmadina aba 'ahiMsA ke antarrASTrIya divasa' ke rUpa meM manAyA jaaegaa| san 2007 meM 191 sadasyIya saMyukta rASTra mahAsabhA meM ahiMsA kI vaizvika prAsaMgikatA para bhArata dvArA lAye gaye aura 120 se adhika dezoM dvArA sahaprayojita prastAva ko sarvasammati se svIkAra kara liyA gyaa| isa prakAra aba do akTUbara kA dina prativarSa 'antarrASTrIya ahiMsA divasa' ke rUpa meM mAnAyA jAtA hai| san 2011 meM bhArata meM bhraSTAcAra aura anyAya ke viruddha eka vizAla ahiMsaka Andolana ke pravartaka annA jI ne

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86 gAMdhI jI ke mArga ko apanAyA aura saphalatA prApta kii| gA~dhI- cintana meM ahiMsA ke kucha krAntikArI sUtra mahAtmA gA~dhI ne ahiMsA ke bAre meM bahuta kucha kahA hai aura usake prayoga kiye haiN| yahA~ unake kucha prabhAvazAlI sUtra prastuta haiM - (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) ahiMsA darzana merI ahiMsA priyajanoM ko asurakSita chor3akara khataroM se dUra bhAgane kI bAta nahIM krtii| hiMsA aura kAyaratApUrNa lar3AI meM maiM kAyaratA kI bajAya hiMsA ko pasanda kruuNgaa| merA apanA anubhava hai ki hiMsA kI zikSA pAe hue logoM ko ahiMsA kI variSThatA samajhAne meM mujhe kabhI koI dikkata nahIM AI / hameM satya aura ahiMsA ko kevala vyaktigata vyavahAra kA mAmalA nahIM balki samUhoM, samAjoM aura rASTroM ke vyavahAra kA aGga banAnA hogaa| maiM kevala manuSyoM ke sAtha hI bhrAtRtva aura samabhAva paidA nahIM karanA cAhatA balki sabhI jIvoM, yahA~ taka ki bhUmi para reMgane vAle kIToM ke sAtha bhI usI bhAva kI anubhUti karanA cAhatA hU~ / maiM svapnadarzI nahIM huuN| maiM dAvA karatA hU~ ki maiM eka vyAvahArika AdarzavAdI hU~ ahiMsA dharma, kevala RSiyoM aura muniyoM ke hitArtha hI nahIM hai; yaha jana - sAmAnya ke lie bhI hai| bhAratIya saMvidhAna aura ahiMsA bhAratIya saMvidhAna apane vRhadrUpa ke lie sampUrNa vizva meM vikhyAta hai| isa saMvidhAna kI saMracanA meM ahiMsA kI pRSThabhUmi hai| nyAyika, prazAsanika, rAjanItika tathA sAmAjika jIvana ke lie adhikAMza sthaloM para una zabdoM

Page #89
SaSTha adhyAya kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jinakA prayoga ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA ke samaya kiyA jAtA hai| jaise, svatantratA, samatA, bandhutA Adi saMvidhAna kI uddezikA meM hI ina zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| 87 ahiMsA ke sandarbha meM hameM bhArata kI uddezikA hamezA yAda rakhanI caahie| yaha uddezikA isa prakAra hai - " hama, bhArata ke loga, bhArata ko eka sampUrNa prabhutva-sampanna samAjavAdI pantha-nirapekSa lokatantrAtmaka gaNarAjya banAne ke lie tathA usake samasta nAgarikoM ko sAmAjika, Arthika aura rAjanItika nyAya, vicAra, abhivyakti, vizvAsa, dharma aura upAsanA kI svatantratA, pratiSThA aura avasara kI samatA ( samAnatA) prApta karAne ke lie tathA una sabameM vyakti kI garimA evaM rASTra kI ekatA aura akhaNDatA sunizcita karane vAlI bandhutA bar3hAne ke lie dRr3ha saGkalpa hokara apanI isa saMvidhAna sabhA meM Aja tArIkha 27 navambara 1949 I0 (mitI mArga zIrSa zuklA saptamI, saMvat do hajAra chaha vikramI ) ko etad dvArA isa saMvidhAna ko aGgIkRta, adhiniyamita aura AtmArpita karate haiN| " 1. svatantratA uddezikA meM jina svatantratAoM kA ullekha hai, unheM anuccheda 19 aura anuccheda 25 se 28 meM sthAna diyA gayA hai| kucha aisI bAhya dazAe~ hotI haiM, jo rAjanItika samAja meM pratyeka manuSya ke vikAsa ke lie Avazyaka hotI haiN| yaha dazAe~ sAdhAraNatayA saMvidhAna dvArA nirmita kI jAtI haiM, inheM adhikAra yA svatantratA kahate haiN| 1989 meM phrAMsa kI krAnti meM jina tIna siddhAntoM kA udghoSa kiyA gayA thA, vaha haiM bandhutA / isa svatantratA meM bhautika kriyAoM kI mAnasika svatantratA bhI antargarbhita hai / svatantratA, samatA aura svatantratA ke sAtha - sAtha 2. samatA - ahiMsA kA uddezya samatA kI bhAvanA kA vikAsa hai| saMvidhAna kI dRSTi se samatA ke adhikAra meM nyAya, karAdhAna, lokapada aura niyojana ke viSaya meM samAna vyavahAra kA adhikAra hai| isase yaha bhI

Page #90
ahiMsA darzana abhipreta hai ki sabhI vidhiyA~ samAnarUpa se lAgU kI jaaeN| anuccheda 14 se 18 meM isa siddhAnta ko prabhAvI kiyA gayA hai| 3. bandhutA - bandhutA kI bhAvanA vikasita na ho to ahiMsA ke prayoga vyartha haiN| bArkara ne bandhutA ko sahakAritA kA siddhAnta kahA hai| saMvaidhAnika rUpa se isameM rASTra ke sAmAnya srota aura sevAoM kA sahabhAgitA se upabhoga karane kA adhikAra hai| jaise- zikSA, pulisa, svAsthya aura anya sevaaeN| isakA eka amUrta saMghaTaka bhI hai| eka bandhutA kI bhAvanA, jisase yaha bhAIcArA utpanna hotA hai ki hameM eka-dUsare kI sahAyatA karanI cAhie aura hama saba milakara apane jIvana ko Upara uThA sakate haiN| isakA yaha abhiprAya bhI hai ki eka hI mAtRbhUmi ke putra hone ke nAte sabhI nAgarika bhAI-bhAI haiM, jinheM sukha aura duHkha meM eka-dUsare kA sAtha nibhAnA caahie| bhAI hone ke nAte hama eka sAtha jie~ge aura eka sAtha mreNge| ina bhrAtRguNoM se milakara hI rASTra banatA hai| bandhutA ko do bAtoM se jor3A gayA hai - (1) pratyeka vyakti kI garimA evaM (2) rASTra kI ekatA aura akhnnddtaa| 1. mUla adhikAra - mUla adhikAra, naisargika adhikAra hote haiM; jisakA apaharaNa koI bhI rAjya, vyakti se nahIM kara sakatA, isameM bhI ahiMsA kI bhAvanA hai| anuccheda 21 meM prANa aura daihika svatantratA kA adhikAra samAhita hai| jasTisa khannA ne isake bAre meM kahA thA - "saMvidhAna kA anuccheda 21 yadi na hotA to bhI rAjya ko, kisI vyakti ko usake prANa yA svatantratA se vaJcita karane kI zakti, vidhi ke vizeSa adhikAra ke binA nahIM miltii| yaha sabhI sabhya rASTroM meM vidhisammata zAsana kI Avazyaka sthApanA aura AdhArabhUta avadhAraNA hai|"

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SaSTha adhyAya isI prakAra saMvidhAna ke anuccheda 23-24 meM zoSaNa ke viruddha adhikAra anuccheda 25-26 meM dharma kI svatantratA kA adhikAra anuccheda 29-30 meM saMskRti aura zikSA sambandhI adhikAra, ahiMsA kI bhAvanA kA pratIka hai| sampUrNa saMvidhAna kA adhyayana kareM to pAe~ge ki bhAratavarSa kA saMvidhAna, ahiMsaka bhAvanA kI AdhArabhUmi para nirmita hai| prathama pradhAnamaMtrI ke vicAra mahAtmA gA~dhI jI ke atyanta karIbI tathA bhArata ke prathama pradhAnamantrI paM. javAharalAla neharu ahiMsA ke jabarajasta himAyatI the, unakA spaSTa kahanA thA ki 89 'ahiMsA dharma mahaja RSiyoM aura mahAtmAoM ke lie nahIM hai, vaha to Ama logoM ke lie bhI hai jaise pazuoM ke lie hiMsA prakRti kA niyama hai, vaise hI ahiMsA hama manuSyoM kI prakRti kA vidhAna hai| pazuoM kI AtmA sotI par3I rahatI hai aura vaha zarIrika bala ke alAvA aura kisI kAnUna ko jAnatI hI nahIM hai| manuSya ke gaurava ke lie Avazyaka hai ki vaha adhika U~ce vidhAna kI zakti, AtmA kI zakti ke sAmane sira jhukaaye| jina RSiyoM ne hiMsA meM se ahiMsA kA niyama DhUMr3ha nikAlA hai, ve nyUTana se jyAdA pratibhAzAlI the| ve hathiyAra calAnA jAnate the| lekina apane anubhava se unhoMne use bekAra pAyA aura bhayabhIta duniyA ko yaha sikhAyA ki usakA chuTakArA hiMsA ke z2arie nahIM hogA, balki ahiMsA ke jarie hogaa|' - paramapuruSArtha ahiMsA, 4.56

Page #92
saptama adhyAya pramukha bhAratIya cintaka aura ahiMsA hamane ahiMsA kI prAcIna avadhAraNA ko dekhA hai, par3hA hai| isa avadhAraNA kA saMbaMdha hamAre dharma se hai| jo yugoM-yugoM se avirala rUpa se hamAre sAmane Aja bhI jIvata hai| bhArata meM Adhunika yuga meM bhI aise aneka mahApuruSa huye haiM jinhoMne cintana meM tathA jIvana ke prayogoM meM ahiMsA ko jiyA hai| unameM katipaya cintaka aura santoM ke vicAra bindu niSkarSa ke rUpa meM yahA~ prastuta haiN| AcArya zAntisAgara evaM ahiMsA AcArya zAntisAgarajI munirAja digambara jaina paramparA ke eka mahAn tapasvI AcArya ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haiN| Apa ahiMsA mahAvrata ke jIvanta pratIka the| ApakA janma budhavAra, 25 julAI 1872 ko bhojagrAma, dakSiNa bhArata meM huA thaa| bAlyakAla se hI Apa dhArmika pravRtti ke the| ghara meM rahakara bhI jIvana ko dharma kI sAdhanA meM lagAte the| Apa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI parama vItarAgI nagna digambara dazA kI utkRSTa sAdhanA ko apane jIvana meM utAranA cAhate the| AtmakalyANa ke uddezya se Apane gRhasthAvasthA kA tyAga kara diyA aura 25 jUna 1915 ko kSullaka dIkSA grahaNa kii| 15 janavarI 1919 ko ailaka dIkSA grahaNa kI aura 2 mArca 1920 ko Apa muni dIkSA grahaNa kara nagna digambara ho gye| budhavAra, 08 akTUbara 1924 ko Apa AcArya bne| ApakI cAritrika tapasyA kI utkRSTatA ko dekhakara catuHsaMgha ne Apako cAritra cakravartI kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyaa| jIvana bhara Apane gA~va-gA~va paidala hI bhramaNa kiyA, sabhI jIvoM ko ahiMsA kA upadeza diyaa| unake jIvana kI kaI ghaTanAe~ ahiMsA dharma kI jvalanta udAharaNa haiN| Apane sabhI pramukha AgamoM kA svAdhyAya kiyA tathA sabhI ko svAdhyAya kI preraNA

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saptama adhyAya dii| AcArya kundakundadeva ke mahAn AdhyAtmika grantha 'samayasAra' ke ve ananya upAsaka the, unhoMne dhavalAdi siddhAnta granthoM kA bhI bahuta abhyAsa kiyaa| samApta prAya digambara sAdhanA ko Apane punarjIvita kiyaa| AcArya zAntisAgara munirAja ke kucha vacana-bindu - (1) dharmasya mUlaM dyaa| jinadharma kA mUla kyA hai? - satya, ahiNsaa| mukha se sabhI satya, ahiMsA bolate haiM, pAlate nhiiN| rasoI karo, bhojana kro| aisA kahane se kyA peTa bharegA? - saba kArya chor3o, satya-ahiMsA kA pAlana kro| satya meM samyaktva A jAtA hai| ahiMsA meM kisI jIva ko duHkha nahIM diyA jAtA; ata: saMyama hotA hai, yaha vyavahArika bAta hai| isa vyavahAra kA pAlana kro| samyaktva dhAraNa karo, saMyama dhAraNa karo, taba ApakA kalyANa hogaa| isake binA kalyANa nahIM hogaa|' (2) jisa samaya jo bhavitavya hai, use koI bhI anyathA nahIM pariNamA sakegA, kintu hamArA nizcaya kA ekAnta nahIM hai; dUsaroM ke duHkha dUra karane kA vicAra karuNAvaza hai| (3) Agama ke mArga ko chor3akara jAne se tathA manamAne rUpa se pravRtti karane se siddhi nahIM miltii| jaise, mArga chor3akara ulTe rAste jAne vAloM ko iSTa grAma kI prApti nahIM hotI; usI prakAra mokSanagara ko jAne ke lie ahiMsA kA mArga aGgIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai| (4) hiMsA Adi pApoM kA tyAga karanA dharma hai, isake binA vizva meM kabhI bhI zAnti nahIM ho sktii| isa dharma kA lopa hone para sukha tathA Ananda kA lopa ho jaaegaa| Apake ahiMsaka jIvana ko dekhakara tathA pravacanoM se prabhAvita hokara kaTanI (ma0pra0) ke pAsa bilaharI gA~va ke kaI harijanoM ne AjIvana 1. cAritracakravartI, pRSTha 550 2. vahI, pRSTha 345 3. pRSTha 338 pRSTha 166

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ahiMsA darzana mA~sAhAra kA tyAga kara diyA thaa| dhaulapura rAjya ke eka gA~va meM eka vyakti ne ina para prANaghAtaka hamalA kiyA, pulisa dvArA pakar3a liye jAne para bhI Apane use mApha karane ko kaha diyA thaa| AcArya zAntisAgarajI ke ahiMsaka prayogoM ke aise aneka udAharaNa haiN| isa prakAra AcArya zAntisAgara munirAja, saMyama sAdhanA kI utkRSTa bhUmikA meM sampUrNa bhAratavarSa meM zAnti, ahiMsA, tyAga aura saMyama kA sandeza phailAte rhe| Apa digambara jainadharma meM munirAjoM ke lie nirdhArita niyamoM kA, jaise caubIsa ghaNTe meM eka samaya anna-jala grahaNa karanA, hAtha meM zuddhi ke lie eka kamaNDalu tathA sUkSma jIvoM ke rakSArtha ahiMsA dharma ke pAlana ke lie eka pIchI (morapaMkhoM dvArA nirmita) rakhanA; kahIM baiThane, uThane, leTane tathA koI zAstra rakhane uThAne se pahale pIchI dvArA usa sthAna ko sApha karanA tAki ina kriyAoM se sUkSma jIvoM kI bhI hiMsA na ho, hiMsA se bacane ke lie cAra hAtha Age kI jamIna dekhakara kadama bar3hAnA tAki jamIna para calane vAle choTe jIva pairoM se dabakara na mara jAe~ Adi kA, ve kar3AI se pAlana karate the| jIvana meM ahiMsA ko jIne kA itanA utkRSTa svarUpa digambara jaina munirAjoM ke atirikta kahIM bhI dekhane ko nahIM miltaa| AcArya bhikSu aura ahiMsA zvetAmbara jaina paramparA meM AcArya bhikSu kA udaya eka naye Aloka kI sRSTi hai| unakA janma vikrama saMvat 1783 ko huA thaa| vikrama saMvat 1808 meM unhoMne sthAnakavAsI muni-dIkSA svIkAra kii| vikrama saMvat 1817 meM terApantha kA pravartana kiyA aura vikrama saMvat 1860 ko unakA devalokagamana ho gyaa| AcArya bhikSu, ahiMsA viSayaka sUkSma cintana rakhate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki jIvarakSA ahiMsA kA pariNAma hai, uddezya nhiiN| jIvarakSA ahiMsA kA pariNAma ho sakatA hai parantu ahiMsA se jIvarakSA hotI hI hai - aisI bAta nhiiN| nadI ke jala se bhUmi upajAU ho sakatI hai, para nadI isa uddezya se bahatI hai - yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa|

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saptama adhyAya 93 ahiMsA kA uddezya kyA hai - Atmazuddhi yA jIvarakSA? kaI vicAraka ahiMsA ke AcaraNa kA uddezya jIvarakSA batalAte haiM aura kaI aatmshuddhi| kabhI-kabhI aisA bhI hotA hai ki jIvarakSA to hotI hai, para Atmazuddhi nhiiN| ahiMsA, jIvarakSA ke lie ho to Atmazuddhi yA saMyama kI bAta gauNa ho jAtI hai aura yadi vaha Atmazuddhi ke lie ho to jIvarakSA kI bAta gauNa ho jAtI hai| AcArya bhikSu mAnate haiM ki 'ahiMsA meM jIvarakSA kI bAta gauNa hai; mukhya bAta hai Atmazuddhi kii|' eka saMyamI sAvadhAnIpUrvaka cala rahA hai| usake paira se koI jIva mara gayA to bhI vaha hiMsA kA bhAgI nahIM hotA, usako pApakarma kA bandha nahIM hotaa| kahA hai - irajA sumata cAlaMtAM sAdha ne, kadA jIvataNI huve ghaat| te jIva muMA ro pApa sAdhane, lAge nahIM asaMmAta re|| eka saMyamI asAvadhAnIpUrvaka cala rahA hai, usake dvArA kisI bhI jIva kA ghAta nahIM huA phira bhI vaha hiMsaka hai; usake pApa-karma kA bandhana hotA hai| kahA hai - jo IryA sumata viNa sAdhu cAle, kadA jIva mare nahIM koy| to piNa sAdha ne hiMsA chakAya rI lAgI, pApa taNo bandha hoya re|| AcArya bhikSu ke ahiMsA sambandhI sUtra - (1) deha ke rahate hue pUrNataH jIvaghAta se nahIM bacA jA sakatA kintu ahiMsA kI pUrNatA A sakatI hai| 1. 2. jinaAjJA caupAI 3/30 vahI, 3/31 sabhI aMza bhikSu vicAradarzana se saMgRhIta

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94 ahiMsA darzana (2) hiMsA yA ahiMsA ke mUla srota, AtmA kI asat aura sat pravRttiyA~ haiM; jIvaghAta yA jIvarakSA unakI kasauTI nahIM hai| (3) jaise mokSamArgI ko vyavahAradRSTi kI ahiMsA se dharma nahIM hotA; vaise hI vyavahAradRSTi kI hiMsA se pApa nahIM hotA / jIvaghAta hone para bhI vyAvahArika hiMsA, bandhana kA kAraNa nahIM hotI; vaise hI jIvarakSA hone para bhI vyAvahArika ahiMsA, muktikAraka nahIM hotii| (4) jo jIvoM kI rakSA ko ahiMsA kA dhyeya mAnate haiM, unheM bar3e jIvoM kI rakSA ke lie choTe jIvoM ke ghAta meM puNya mAnanA hI par3atA hai aura ve mAnate bhI haiM; isIlie jIvarakSA ahiMsA kA ekamAtra dhyeya nahIM hai| (5) ahiMsA kA siddhAnta jahA~ mAtra karuNA yA jIvarakSA se jur3a jAtA hai, vahA~ ahiMsA lokapriya banatI hai, para pavitra nahIM raha pAtI / (6) ahiMsA meM jIvarakSA ho sakatI hai, para yaha usakI anivAryatA nahIM hai| AcArya bhikSu ke vicAra zrI kAnajIsvAmI se bahuta kucha sAmya rakhate haiN| pahale AcArya bhikSu bhI sthAnakavAsI sAdhu the aura kAnajIsvAmI bhI / donoM ne hI apane matAgraha kA tyAga kara adbhuta krAnti kii| isa paramparA ke anya AcArya AcArya bhikSu ne terApantha dharmasaMgha kI sthApanA kii| isI paramparA meM Age calakara navama AcArya tulasI hue, jinhoMne aNuvrata Andolana kA pravartana kiyA aura ahiMsA dharma kI upayogitA ko janasAmAnya meM pratiSThApita karane ke lie vizAla sAhitya rcaa| inake bAda AcArya mahAprajJa prekSAdhyAna ke naye prayogoM tathA ahiMsA Adi siddhAntoM kI Adhunika evaM AdhyAtmika vyAkhyA kara pUre vizva meM zAnti kA sandeza phailAyA AcArya mahAprajJa ne bhI ahiMsA evaM vizvazAnti ke lie saikar3oM grantha tathA hajAroM nibandha likhe haiM / AcArya mahAprajJa ke devaloka gamana ke pazcAt AcArya mahAzramaNa ahiMsA kI alakha jalA rahe haiN|

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saptama adhyAya ahiMsA ke AdhyAtmika vyAkhyAtA : kAnajIsvAmI bIsavIM sadI ke prakhyAta vicAraka kAnajIsvAmI kA janma saurASTra ke umarAlA gA~va meM vikrama saMvat 1947 vaizAkha sudI dUja ko huA thA, unhoMne vikrama saMvat 1970 ko mAgazira sudI navamI, ravivAra ke dina umarAlA meM zrI harIcandajI nAmaka zvetAmbara muni se dIkSA le lii| ___dIkSA ke uparAnta Apane zAstroM kA kar3A abhyAsa kiyaa| vikrama saMvat 1978 meM AcAryazrI kundakundadevapraNIta 'samayasAra' nAmaka mahAn AdhyAtmika grantha unake hAtha lgaa| isa mahAn grantha ko par3hakara unheM mahAn satya kI upalabdhi ho gaI, jisakI khoja meM ve zuru se hI bhaTaka rahe the| apanI khoI huI Atmanidhi ko prApta karane ke bAda zrI kAnajIsvAmI ne jainAgamoM kI AdhyAtmika vyAkhyAe~ kI aura chupe rahasya ko ujAgara kiyaa| pracalita kore adhyAtmazUnya kriyA-kalApoM se Apako duHkha hotA thaa| Apane apane hajAroM pravacanoM meM yaha siddha kiyA ki Atma-vismRti hI sabase bar3A aparAdha hai| Atmavizuddhi tathA AtmAnubhUti ke lakSya se kI gayI vyavahArika kriyAe~ hI sArthaka haiN| yadi nijAtmA ko bhUlakara kore kriyAkANDa meM hI dharma mAnate raheMge to mukti sambhava nahIM hai| pUrNatA ke lakSya se kI gayI zuruAta hI saccI zuruAta hai'- yaha ApakA prasiddha vAkya hai| samayasAra grantha meM prarUpita vAstavika vastusvabhAva aura vAstavika nirgrantha paramparA unheM bahuta samaya se bhItara meM satya pratIta hotI thIM aura bAhya meM veza tathA AcaraNa savastra sAdhu jaisA thA - yaha viparIta sthiti unheM khaTakatI thI isIlie unhoMne sonagar3ha meM vikrama saMvat 1992 kI caitra trayodazI, mahAvIra jayantI ke dina sthAnakavAsI sampradAya ke veza kA tyAga kara diyA aura digambara AmnAya kI vizuddha paramparA ko eka sAmAnya sacce gRhastha ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyaa| 'yaha kartRtvabuddhi jJAna ke binA nahIM chUTatI isalie tuma jJAna prApta karo' - yaha unake upadeza kA pradhAna svara thaa| apanI jJAnArAdhanA karate hue vikrama saMvat 2037, magasira kRSNA saptamI,

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96 ahiMsA darzana zukravAra tadanusAra dinAMka 28 navambara 1980 ke dina unakA svarga kI ora mahAprayANa ho gyaa| ahiMsA kI AdhyAtmika vyAkhyA sUkSmatA se dekhA jAe to ahiMsA kI AdhyAtmika paribhASA hI usakI vAstavika paribhASA hai| AtmA meM rAgAdi nahIM honA ahiMsA tathA rAgAdi kI utpatti honA hiMsA hai - yaha mUla AdhyAtmika paribhASA hai| ahiMsA kI anya paribhASAe~ aura vyAkhyAe~ isI mUlasrota se nikalatI haiN| kAnajIsvAmI ne samayasAra grantha ke bandha-adhikAra kI vyAkhyA karate hue ahiMsA kI sUkSma vivecanA kI hai| rAga se hI karmoM kA bandha hotA hai, ataH yahI hiMsA hai| yaha saba ajJAnadazA meM hotA hai| jJAnadazA meM jIva bhAvahiMsA nahIM karatA hai| hiMsA-ahiMsA ke sambandha meM kAnajIsvAmI ke pravacana meM Aye mahatvapUrNa sUtra yahA~ prastuta haiM (1) bhagavAna AtmA to pUrNa Ananda kA nAtha, vijJAnaghana svarUpa, sadA vItarAga svarUpa hI hai| vaha jaisA hai, use vaisA hI mAnane kA nAma ahiMsA hai tathA vaha jaisA hai, use vaisA nahIM mAnanA, apUrNa yA rAgAdirUpa yA alpajJa mAnanA mithyAtva hai, bhrama hai, yahI svarUpa kI vAstavika hiMsA hai, nizcaya hiMsA (2) bAhya meM paraghAta kA honA, yaha vyavahAra hiMsA hai tathA sAvadhAnIpUrvaka parajIvoM kA ghAta na hone denA, unake prANoM kI rakSA karanA, vaha vyavahAra ahiMsA hai| (3) AtmajJAnI ko pUrNa sAvadhAnI ke bAvajUda abuddhipUrvaka kadAcit parajIva kA ghAta ho bhI jAe to bandha nahIM hotaa| jJAnI, jIva buddhipUrvaka kabhI parajIvoM kA ghAta nahIM karate, unake hRdaya meM aisI karuNAbuddhi sahaja hI hotI hai| 1. sabhI aMza pravacanaratnAkara, bhAga-8 se uddhRta

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97 (4) koI ajJAnI apane ko jJAnI mAnakara rucipUrvaka hiMsA meM pravRtti karegA to use nizcita hI pApabandha hogA, isameM jarA bhI sandeha nahIM hai| saptama adhyAya (5) vastutaH jJAnI ko to parajIva ko mArane yA jilAne kA abhiprAya hI nahIM hotA, usakA abhiprAya to aisA hai ki 'maiM to caitanyaghana prabhu pUrNa jJAtA-dRSTA huuN|' vaha kabhI rAga kA va para kA AtmA ke sAtha ekatva nahIM karatA / (6) jo mArane yA bacAne kA abhiprAya rakhatA hai, rAga meM ruci rakhatA hai aura aisA mAnatA yA kahatA hai ki 'mujhe paraghAta se bandha nahIM hotA kyoMki maiM para ko mAra hI nahIM sakatA yA mAratA hI nahIM hU~ so yaha usakI sarvathA ekAnta mithyA mAnyatA hai, usane vastutaH apane jJAtA - dRSTA svabhAva kA hI nAza kara diyA hai aisI sthiti meM use svarUpa kI prApti honA sambhava nahIM - hai / I (7) Agama meM dayA ke aneka prakAra ke bheda kahe gaye haiM, unameM eka svadayA va paradayA ke rUpa meM bhI bheda kahA gayA hai| svadayA arthAt antaraGga meM rAgarahita nirvikAra pariNAma kI utpatti, yaha svadayA dharma hai saMsArI jIvoM ne para kI dayA, jo ki puNyabhAvarUpa hai, vaha to ananta bAra kI, para usase AtmA kA kalyANa nahIM huaa| yadi koI eka bAra bhI apane para dayA kare to usakA ananta janmamaraNa kA abhAva ho sakatA hai tathA ananta duHkhoM se baca sakatA hai aisI svadayA hI vastutaH dharma hai, jo ki vItarAgabhAvarUpa hotI hai| isa prakAra kAnajIsvAmI ahiMsA kI Atmakendrita paribhASA ke pakSadhara haiN| unakA mAnanA hai ki yahI sahI paribhASA hai tathA bAhya ahiMsA bhI isI se vAstava meM saphala ho sakatI hai| apane hajAroM pravacanoM meM unhoMne isa viSaya para apane vicAra kaI sthaloM para pragaTa kiye haiM usakA vistAra se vivecana unake pravacana sAhitya meM upalabdha hai| 1. sabhI aMza pravacanaratnAkara, bhAga-8 se saMgRhIta

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98 ahiMsA darzana dalAI lAmA aura ahiMsA parama pAvana dalAI lAmA, bauddhadharma ke pramukha guru haiN| unakA janma 06 julAI, 1935 ko eka kRSaka parivAra meM huA thaa| bAlyAvasthA se hI Apa ahiMsA aura adhyAtma ke upAsaka rhe| ApakI chaha varSa kI avasthA se hI tibbatI bauddha bhikSu ke rUpa meM zikSA-dIkSA huii| paccIsa varSa kI Ayu meM Apane geze lAharampA (pIeca.DI.) kI upAdhi prApta kI thii| jaba cInI sattA ne tibbata para AkramaNa kI dhamakI dI thI, usI samaya apane logoM ke Agraha para 16 varSa kI Ayu meM ve rAjanaitika zAsana tathA zakti kI bAgaDora sambhAlane para bAdhya hue| noravejiyana nobela kameTI ne 1989 kA nobela zAnti puraskAra, tibbatI logoM ke dhArmika aura rAjanaitika aguA tenasiMga gyAtso 14veM dalAI lAmA ko dene kA nirNaya kiyaa| kameTI ne isa bAta para bala diyA ki tibbata ke svatantratA saMgharSa meM dalAI lAmA ne lagAtAra hiMsA ke prayoga kA virodha kiyA hai| hiMsA ke sthAna para vaha apane logoM kI aitihAsika tathA sAMskRtika dharohara ko bacAe rakhane meM zAntipUrNa upAyoM ke adhivaktA rahe haiN| dalAI lAmA ne zAnti kA yaha darzana sabhI sattvoM ke prati sammAna kI bhAvanA, mAnavatA va prakRti ke prati sArvabhaumika uttaradAyitva kI bhAvanA ko lekara vikasita kiyA hai| kameTI ke anusAra dalAI lAmA ne Antarika saMgharSoM, mAnavIya adhikAra ke praznoM aura vizvastarIya paryAvaraNa kI samasyA ke lie racanAtmaka tathA pragatizIla sujhAva rakhe haiN| ahiMsA aura zAnti-viSayaka unake pramukha vicArasUtra nimna prakAra (1) bodhicittAbhyAsI ke lie dveSa aura krodha sabase bar3I bAdhA hai| bodhisattvoM meM kabhI bhI ghRNAbhAvanA kA janma nahIM honA cAhie, balki unheM usakA virodha karanA caahie| isakI prApti ke lie sahiSNutA yA zAnti kA abhyAsa bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai|

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saptama adhyAya (2) hRdaya aura buddhi ke samanvaya se hI zAntipUrNa aura maitrIpUrNa mAnava parivAra kA nirmANa sambhava hai| (3) karuNA aura niSThA ke abhyAsa se hI hama sahI arthoM meM buddhAnuyAyI ho sakate haiN| dUsaroM ke prati dayAbhAva rakhakara hI hama svArtha ko kama karane kI zikSA grahaNa kara sakate haiM, dUsaroM ke duHkhoM ko bA~Takara hama anya sabhI jIvoM kI bhalAI hetu aura saMvedanazIla ho sakate haiN| (4) yadi para-duHkha ko dUra karane ke lie apanA sukha tuma unheM de nahIM sakate to isa vartamAna jIvana meM sukha bhI nahIM mila sakatA, buddhatva kI AzA vyartha hai| (5) jisa prema kA sandeza hama de rahe haiM, vaha aisA prema hai jo hama una vyaktiyoM se bhI kara sakeM, jinhoMne hameM hAni pahu~cAI hai| isa prakAra kA prema sabhI sattvoM se kiyA jAnA caahie| (6) vizuddha ahiMsA kA sambandha hamArI mAnasika pravRtti se hai| jaba hama zAnti kI bAta karate haiM, taba hamArA mantavya vizuddha ahiMsA honA cAhie, mAtra yuddha kA na honA nhiiN| udAharaNa ke lie pichale kaI dazakoM meM yUropa mahAdvIpa meM apekSAkRta zAnti banI thI, para mujhe nahIM lagatA ki vaha saccI zAnti thii| zItayuddha ke pariNAmasvarUpa jo bhaya chAyA thA, yaha zAnti usI se utpanna huI thii| (7) ahiMsA kI prakRti isa prakAra honA cAhie, jo niSkriya na hokara dUsaroM ke kalyANa ke lie sakriya ho| ahiMsA kA artha hai ki yadi tuma dUsaroM kI sahAyatA yA sevA kara sakate ho to tumheM karanA cAhie; yadi tuma nahIM kara sakate to kama se kama dUsaroM ko hAni nahIM pahu~cAnA caahie| dalAI lAmA kA jIvana saMgharSoM se bharA rahA kintu phira bhI unhoMne ahiMsA kA rAstA nahIM chodd'aa| unakA akhaNDa vizvAsa hai ki jisa prakAra pUre vizva se prema aura samarthana juTAne meM vo saphala hue haiM, usake pIche sabase bar3A

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100 ahiMsA darzana kAraNa unakA ahiMsaka saMgharSa hI hai| maharSi aravinda aura ahiMsA bhArata ke samakAlIna dArzanikoM tathA vaidika yogiyoM meM jinakA Adara pUre vizva meM hai, unameM maharSi aravinda kA nAma pramukha hai| zrI aravinda kA janma 15 agasta 1872 meM huA thaa| zrI aravinda kI adhikAMza zikSA landana meM sampanna huii| caudaha varSa bAda jaba ve bhArata kI dharatI para vApasa lauTe, taba kaI naukariyA~ karane ke bAda ve dezabhakti ke pramukha preraNAsrota ke rUpa meM kAma karane lge| aMgrejoM ne zrI aravinda ko giraphtAra karake jela meM DAla diyA kintu jela unake lie sAdhanA aura yoga kI bhUmi bana gyaa| sAla bhara ve jela meM rahe, unake lie jela jIvana varadAna sAbita huaa| unhoMne svayaM kahA hai ki aMgrejI sarakAra ne unheM banda karake unake Upara upakAra kiyA hai| zrI aravinda kA adhyAtma, manuSya ko zaktizAlI banAne kA thaa| hiMsA-ahiMsA ko lekara unakI apanI vizeSa mAnyatAe~ thIM, jinakA ullekha unakI pustakoM meM milatA hai| maharSi aravinda ne vyaktigata, sAmAjika aura rAjanaitika jIvana meM ahiMsA ko eka sAdhana ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| gA~dhIjI ne ahiMsA ko sAdhya batalAyA thA jabaki zrI aravinda kA kathana hai ki jisa prakAra mAnava ke vikAsa ke lie jahA~ anya aneka sAdhana haiM, vahA~ ahiMsA bhI eka sAdhana hai| zrI aravinda ne rASTra ke utthAna ke lie kabhI-kabhI yuddha aura hiMsA ko bhI ucita batalAyA hai| aravinda ke vicAroM kA sAra yaha hai ki koI bhI siddhAnta kitanA hI mahAn kyoM na ho, usako jana-jIvana meM samAnarUpa se lAgU nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura na hI usase sabakA bhalA ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra vyakti vizeSa ke lie ahiMsA kalyANakArI ho sakatI hai kintu use saba kAloM meM, saba paristhitiyoM meM, saba logoM ke lie eka samAna caritArtha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ahiMsA eka yogI ke lie to upAdeya ho sakatI hai; sAmAjika jIvana ke lie hiMsA aura ahiMsA donoM Avazyaka haiN|

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saptama adhyAya 101 zrI aravinda jisa AdhyAtmika patha para agrasara the, usameM ahiMsA kI pradhAnatA thI / yahI kAraNa hai ki dezabhakti ke jajbe meM svatantratA ke lie unhoMne hiMsakamArga kI vakAlata nahIM kii| ve rASTra ko eka nirjIva bhUmikhaNDa nahIM, svayaM jananI kA jIvita vigraha mAnate the| unhoMne apanI patnI ko aMgrejI meM jo patra likhe, usameM unakI rASTrabhakti aura ahiMsakacetanA ke spaSTa darzana hote haiN| 17 pharavarI 1907 ko likhe eka patra ke eka aMza kA hindI anuvAda yahA~ prastuta hai - 44 **** . maiM jAnatA hU~, isa pavitra jAti ke uddhAra karane kA zArIrika bala mere andara nahIM hai| talavAra yA bandUka lekara maiM yuddha karane nahIM jA rahA huuN| talavAra ke sthAna para jJAna kA eka bala hai / brahma teja bhI eka teja hai / yaha teja, jJAna ke Upara pratiSThita hotA hai| yaha bhAva nayA nahIM hai; isa bhAva ko lekara hI maiMne janma grahaNa kiyA hai| yaha bhAva merI nasa-nasa meM bharA hai|.... " svAmI vivekAnanda aura ahiMsA bhAratavarSa meM mahAn AdhyAtmika krAntikArI vicAraka svAmI vivekAnanda kA janma 12 janavarI 1863 ko huA thA / unake pitA kA nAma vizvanAtha datta tathA mAtA kA nAma bhuvanezvarI devI thA / prArambha meM inakA mUla nAma narendranAtha thaa| inake guru kA nAma zrI rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa thaa| narendranAtha jaba zrI rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa se mile to sahasA unheM eka mahApuruSa mAnane ko taiyAra nahIM the kintu prANimAtra ke prati zrI rAmakRSNa ke niSkAma prema aura dayAbhAva ne unheM unakI ora AkRSTa kiyaa| unhoMne dekhA ki paramahaMsajI ke saMsarga se kaI logoM kA jIvana pUrNatayA badala cukA hai; ataH unhoMne paramahaMsa ko apanA guru mAna liyaa| svAmI vivekAnanda ne pUre bhArata kA bhramaNa kiyA aura vizeSakara navayuvakoM ke andara AdhyAtmika krAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| ve yuvA cetanA ke masIhA the| vivekAnanda ne apane vicAroM se videziyoM ko bhI prabhAvita

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102 ahiMsA darzana kiyA aura vizva zAnti kA sandeza diyaa| unhoMne zikAgo meM Ayojita vizvadharma sammelana meM bhAratIya adhyAtma ko lekara eka ojasvI vaktavya diyA thA, vaha Aja bhI prasiddha hai| videzoM meM bhArata ke AdhyAtmika jJAnavijJAna kI jar3eM majabUta karane meM svAmI vivekAnanda kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna pramAda yA Asakti ko hiMsA kahA gayA hai| svAmI vivekAnanda ne ise alaga dRSTi se vyAkhyAyita kiyaa| vizeSarUpa se jaba bhAratIya navayuvakoM ko AlasI, durbala aura kAmacora dekhate the, taba unakA khUna khaula uThatA thaa| unakA yaha sandeza bahuta prasiddha hai - 'uTho, jAgo aura jaba taka tuma apane antima dhyeya taka nahIM pahu~ca jAo, taba taka caina na lo| uTho, jAgo... nirbalatA ke usa vyAmoha se jAga jaao| vAstava meM koI bhI durbala nahIM hai| AtmA, ananta sarvazakti sampanna aura sarvajJa hai| isalie uTho, apane vAstavika svarUpa ko prakaTa kro| tumhAre andara jo bhagavAna hai, usakI sattA ko U~ce svara meM ghoSita karo; use asvIkAra mata kro| hamArI jAti ke Upara ghora Alasya, durbalatA aura vyAmoha chAyA huA hai|" ahiMsA-hiMsA ko lekara vivekAnanda bahuta cintita nahIM dikhAyI dete the| unakA vicAra thA ki yadi ahaGkAra dUra hotA hai, anAsakti pragaTa hotI hai aura AtmA zuddha banatI hai to ahiMsA ke upadeza kI jarUrata nahIM hai| yaha AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa hai kintu vyAvahArikarUpa meM ve ahiMsA ke prati bahuta spaSTa avadhAraNA rakhate haiN| unakA kahanA hai - 'ahiMsA ThIka hai, nizcaya hI bar3I bAta hai| kahane meM bAta to acchI hai, para zAstra kahate haiM ki yadi tuma gRhastha ho, tumhAre gAla para yadi koI eka thappar3a mAre aura yadi usakA jabAva tuma dasa thappar3oM se na do to tuma pApa karate ho! isa prakAra ve gRhastha ko virodhI hiMsA kA adhikArI mAnate the| una dinoM hamArA deza, aMgrejoM kA gulAma thaa| aMgreja bhAratIyoM ko mArate the; 1. vivekAnanda sAhitya, V/89 2. vivekAnanda sAhitya, X/51

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saptama adhyAya 103 bhAratIya phira bhI unakI sevA karate the, ataH vivekAnanda kA yaha cintana prasaGga tathA paristhitiyoM ke anukUla mAnA gayA, ve AkramaNa sahane ke pakSa meM nahIM the| 4 ahiMsA kI kasauTI ko lekara ve kahate the ki ahiMsA kI kasauTI hai - IrSyA kA abhAva / koI vyakti bhale hI kSaNika Aveza meM Akara athavA kisI andhavizvAsa se prerita ho yA purohitoM ke chakke pajje meM par3akara koI bhalA kAma kara DAle athavA bar3A dAna de DAle, para mAnavajAti kA saccA premI to vaha hai, jo kisI ke prati IrSyAbhAva nahIM rkhtaa| bahudhA dekhA jAtA hai ki saMsAra meM jo bar3e manuSya kahe jAte haiM, ve aksara eka-dUsare ke prati thor3e se nAma, kIrti yA cA~dI ke canda Tukar3oM ke lie IrSyA karane lagate haiN| jaba taka yaha IrSyAbhAva mana meM rahatA hai, taba taka ahiMsAbhAva meM pratiSThita honA bahuta dUra kI bAta hai|" ve ahiMsA ke lie AtmajJAna ko Avazyaka mAnate the| unakA vicAra thA ki 'AtmA ke jJAna binA jo kucha bhautikajJAna arjita kiyA jAtA hai, vaha saba Aga meM ghI DAlane ke samAna hai| usase dUsaroM ke lie prANa utsarga kara dene kI bAta to dUra hI rahI, isase svArthI logoM ko dUsaroM kI cIjeM hara lene ke lie dUsaroM ke rakta para phalane-phUlane ke lie eka aura yantra, eka aura suvidhA mila jAtI hai| 2 - vivekAnanda kI ahiMsA aura maharSi aravinda kI ahiMsA kAphI kucha sAmya rakhatI hai| yaha ahiMsA sthUla tathA vyAvahArika ahiMsA hai| rAjanIti, samAja tathA jIvana- vyavahAra kI dRSTi se paristhitivazAt aisI ahiMsA kI avadhAraNAe~ bahuta adhika rocaka tathA tarkapUrNa pratIta hotI haiN| isa ahiMsA hama bhautika adhyAtmavAda kaha sakate haiN| AtmarakSA, rASTrarakSA aura dharmarakSA ke lie hiMsA ko ucita kahane vAloM kI paramparA bhI nayI nahIM haiN| prAcIna kAla se isa prakAra kI avadhAraNAe~ calI A rahI haiN| 1. 2. vivekAnanda sAhitya, IV / 41 vivekAnanda sAhitya, II / 16

Page #106
104 ahiMsA darzana AcArya rajanIza aura ahiMsA AcArya rajanIza kA janma 11 disambara 1931 ko madhyapradeza ke kucavAr3A gA~va (jilA-jabalapura) meM eka jaina parivAra meM huA thaa| bacapana meM unakA nAma candramohana thaa| jIvana ke prArambhika kAla meM hI unhoMne asAdhAraNa nirbhIkatA kA paricaya diyA thaa| sau phITa U~ce pula se kUdakara barasAta meM uphanatI nadI ko taira kara pAra karanA unake lie sAdhAraNa khela thaa| 1957 meM sAgara vizvavidyAlaya se unhoMne darzanazAstra se ema.e. kiyA aura phira jabalapura vizvavidyAlaya meM darzanazAstra ke prAdhyApaka ke rUpa meM kArya kiyaa| 1966 meM prAdhyApaka pada se tyAgapatra dekara pUrA samaya adhyayana, mananacintana aura vyAkhyAna meM lagAne lge| 1974 meM Apane pUnA meM rajanIza Azrama kI sthApanA kii| ye AcArya ke bAda kramazaH evaM bhagavAn ozo ke nAma se suvikhyAta hue| Apake alaukika jJAna-vijJAna, darzana-adhyAtma viSayaka maulika cintana evaM dhyAna ke prayoga pUre vizva meM vikhyAta ho ge| jIvana kA aisA koI bhI AyAma nahIM hai, jo unake pravacanoM se asparzita rahA ho| hara viSaya kI gaharAI meM jAnA tathA tarkoM, tathyoM evaM dRSTAntoM ke mAdhyama se usameM se nayA cintana nikAlakara duniyA ko denA hI AcArya rajanIza kA dhyeya thaa| bhAratIya cintana aura jJAna ko pUre vizva meM phailAkara AcArya rajanIza 19, janavarI 1990 ko zarIra chor3akara mahAprayANa kara ge| AcArya rajanIza kA ahiMsA viSayaka cintana bahu-AyAmI hai| aneka pravacanoM meM aneka prasaGgoM meM unhoMne ahiMsA para apanI spaSTa rAya rakhI hai| unake pA~ca mahAvratoM para pravacanoM kA saGkalana 'jyoM kI tyoM dhari dInhIM cadariyA' nAma se prakAzita haiN| ahiMsA mahAvrata para isa pustaka meM unake vicAra pramukharUpa se mukharita hokara sAmane Aye haiN| ahiMsA hai svabhAva aura hiMsA vibhAva prAyaH manovijJAna tathA anya anusandhAnoM meM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki hiMsA bhI manuSya kA svabhAva hai| AcArya rajanIza kahate haiM -

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saptama adhyAya 105 'hiMsA prakRti-pradatta tathya hai lekina manuSya kA svabhAva nahIM; hiMsA to pazu kA svabhAva hai aura manuSya usa svabhAva se gujarA hai, isalie pazujIvana ke sAre anubhava apane sAtha le AyA hai| hiMsA aise hI hai, jaise koI AdamI rAha se gujare aura dhUla ke kaNa usake zarIra para chA jAe~ aura jaba vaha mahala ke bhItara praveza kare, taba bhI una dhUla-kaNoM ko utArane se inkAra kara de aura kahe ki ve mere sAtha hI A rahe haiM; ve maiM hI huuN| ve dhUla-kaNa haiM, jo pazutva kI yAtrA ke samaya manuSya kI AtmA para cipaka gae haiM, jur3a gae haiM; ve svabhAva nahIM hai| pazu ke lie svabhAva ho sakate haiM kyoMki pazu ke pAsa koI cunAva nahIM hai| lekina manuSya ke lie svabhAva nahIM hai kyoMki manuSya ke pAsa cunAva hai| manuSya zuru hotA hai nirNaya se, saGkalpa se| manuSya caurAhe para khar3A hai, koI pazu caurAhe para nahIM khar3A hai| manuSya cAhe to hiMsaka ho sakatA hai, cAhe to ahiMsaka ho sakatA hai - yaha svatantratA hai uskii| pazu kI yaha svatantratA nahIM hai, pazu kI yaha majabUrI hai ki vaha jo ho sakatA hai, vahI hai| AdamI jo hai, vahI saba kucha nahIM hai, bahuta kucha aura ho sakatA hai| AdamI jo hai, usameM usakA atIta, pazu kI yAtrA usameM jur3I hai, vaha hiMsA hai| AdamI jo ho sakatA hai, vaha usakI ahiMsA hai| AdamI kA svabhAva vaha hai jo, jaba vaha apanI pUrNatA meM pragaTa hogA, taba hogaa| AdamI kA tathya vaha hai, jo usane apanI yAtrA meM aba taka arjita kiyA hai| isIlie maiM kahatA hU~ ki hiMsA, arjita hai; ahiMsA, svabhAva hai| isalie hiMsA chor3I jA sakatI hai| AdamI kitanA bhI hiMsaka ho jAe, chor3anA sadA sambhava hai kyoMki vaha svabhAva nahIM hai|' ahiMsA-hiMsA para AcArya rajanIza ne jo cintana diyA, yaha usakI jhalaka mAtra hai| yadi isa viSaya para eka svatantra grantha bhI racA jAe to bhI kama pdd'egaa| AcArya rajanIza ke cintana ke kucha aura bindu bhI yahA~ prastuta haiN|

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106 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) 1. ahiMsA darzana AcArya rajanIza kI ahiMsA viSayaka yuktiyA~ ahiMsaka caubIsa ghaNTe ahiMsaka ho sakatA hai; hiMsaka caubIsa ghaNTe hiMsaka nahIM ho sktaa| ahiMsaka hone kI pahalI zarta hai, apanI hiMsA ko usakI ThIkaThIka jagaha pahacAna lenA / prema bhI pUrI taraha ahiMsaka nahIM ho pAtA prema apane DhaMga se hiMsA karatA hai, premapUrNa DhaMga se hiMsA karatA hai| pati-patnI, bApa-beTe eka dUsare ko premapUrNa DhaMga se satAte haiN| jaba satAnA premapUrNa ho to bar3A surakSita ho jAtA hai| phira satAne meM bar3I suvidhA mila jAtI hai| kyoMki hiMsA ne ahiMsA kA ceharA or3ha liyaa| hiMsA adhogamana hai jIvana-UrjA kA; ahiMsA Urdhvagamana hai| ahiMsA eka antaraGga saGgIta hai aura jaba bhItara prANa, saGgIta se bhara jAte haiM to jIvana svAsthya se bhara jAtA hai| hiMsA, AtmahiMsA kA vikAsa hai| manuSya kA phUla khila hI nahIM sakatA hiMsA ke bIca prema ke bIca hI usakA pUrA phUla khila sakatA hai| jIvana meM cAroM ora hiMsA hai| yaha hiMsA roga hai manuSya ke lie| yaha hiMsA aba anivArya nahIM hai, pazu ke lie rahI hogI / mAnasika saMracanA kI dRSTi se hiMsA, mana kA khaNDa-khaNDa meM TUTa jAnA hai; DisinTigrezana hai, vighaTana hai ahiMsA, mana kA akhaNDa ho jAnA hai| inTigrezana hai; ekIbhavana hai| 'jyoM kI tyoM dhari dInhI cadariyA' se sabhI aMza sNgRhiit|

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saptama adhyAya 107 (10) ahiMsA na to kisI aura ko satAtI hai, na svayaM ko satAtI hai, ahiMsA satAtI hI nhiiN| hiMsA hI satAtI hai| hiMsA ke gRhastha rUpa haiM, sanyasta rUpa haiM; hiMsA ke acche rUpa haiM, bure rUpa haiM aura agara donoM se sajaga ho jAe~ to zAyada ahiMsA kI khoja ho sakatI hai| sImAnta gA~dhI aura ahiMsA gA~dhIjI ke samaya hI lagabhaga 1930 meM bhArata ke uttara pazcima sImA prAnta (aba pAkistAna) meM paThAna jAti ke netA khAna abdula gaphphAra khAna bahuta prasiddha hue; inhoMne khAsakara bhAratIya upamahAdvIpa kI janatA ke vibhinna vargoM meM ahiMsA kA sandeza phailaayaa| gA~dhIjI kI ora AkarSita honA, inake jIvana kI mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA hai| zrI khAna ne apanA sArA jIvana apane anuyAyiyoM ke hRdayoM meM gA~dhIjI kI ahiMsA kI mazAla jalAne meM lagA diyaa| Apane 'lAlakurtI Andolana' cAlU kiyA, jise 'khudAI khidamatagAra' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| isa Andolana ke mAdhyama se unhoMne gA~dhIjI kI ahiMsA ko vyavahAra meM aura adhika arthavAn bnaayaa| ye hajAroM paThAnoM ko saMgaThita karane meM sakSama hue| ugra paThAnoM ko ahiMsA ke pujAriyoM meM badala denA, inakI netRtva kSamatA kA jvalanta udAharaNa hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI inheM 'bAdazAha khAna' ke nAma se pukArate the| Apako sImAnta gAMdhI ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| gaphphAra khAna lAlakurtI ke kendra sthApita karane ke lie gA~va-gA~va ghuume| chaha mAha ke bhItara hI sArA prAnta lAlakurtiyoM se bhara gyaa| khudAI khidamatagAroM kI saMkhyA 500 se 80,000 taka pahu~ca gaI aura usane bAda meM 1,00,000 kI ahiMsaka senA kA rUpa le liyaa| isa senA kI niyamita pareDa hotI thI, unake pAsa koI hathiyAra nahIM hote the, koI astra-zastra, char3I yA lAThI taka bhI nahIM hotI thii| unhoMne sainika taura-tarIke ke lambe-lambe mArca Ayojita kie|

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108 ahiMsA darzana apane saMgaThana kA sadasya banAte samaya Apa gyAraha niyamoM vAle pratijJApatra para usa sadasya se hastAkSara karavAte the, usameM chaThA niyama thA - 'maiM sadA ahiMsA ke siddhAntoM ke anurUpa jIvanayApana kruuNgaa|' aura AThavA~ niyama thA - 'maiM apane karmoM meM saccAI aura pavitratA kA pAlana kruuNgaa|' AcArya vinobA aura ahiMsA AcArya vinobA bhAve ne 1940 meM ekala satyAgrahI ke rUpa meM AjAdI kA dhvaja uThAne aura dhanADhyoM ke hRdayoM ko karuNA aura Izvara bhakti kI ora mor3ane meM ahiMsA kA upayoga kiyaa| inhoMne agale cAra dazaka taka ahiMsA ke AdhAra ko bahuta vistAra diyaa| isake lie AcArya vinobA bhAve ne 'bhUdAna Andolana' claayaa| AcArya vinobA, gA~dhIjI ke priya ziSya tathA uttarAdhikArI ke rUpa meM jAne jAte the| vinobAjI dezabhara meM lAkhoM bhUmidharoM ke hRdayoM ko Andolita karane meM saphala rhe| unakI preraNA se bhUmidharoM ne svecchA se cAra lAkha ekar3a se adhika bhUmi bhUmihInoM meM bA~Tane ke lie dAna meM dii| yaha mAtrA pradarzita karatI hai ki ahiMsA ko sahI pariprekSa meM grahaNa kara, sahI DhaMga se lAgU karane se isake atyuttama pariNAma prApta kie jA sakate haiN| yaha Andolana saMsArabhara meM abhUtapUrva thaa| aba yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki isa zAnta aura prabhAvazAlI Andolana dvArA bhUmi vitaraNa aura svAtantryottara bhArata sarakAra dvArA kie gae anya bhUmisudhAroM ke binA, bhArata ke gaNatantra kA svarUpa vaha na hotA, jo Aja hai| bhUdAna Andolana kI saphalatA kA sabase bar3A kAraNa yaha thA ki ise yaza aura kisI bhI bhautika-lAbha kI kAmanA se pare santa vinobA jaise pAradarzI caritravAle, niHsvArtha vyakti ne saJcAlita kiyA thaa| eka vizuddha adhyAtma unakI ahiMsA kA lakSaNa thaa| unakA jIvana dhArmika ziSTAcAra kA Adarza namUnA thA, jisase pramANita hotA thA ki kisI sanyAsI kA karttavya, mAtra ekAnta meM jAkara jIvanayApana karanA nahIM hotA, balki use janatA meM jAkara kAma karanA aura use AtmAnveSaNa kA sahI mArga

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saptama adhyAya 109 batAnA hotA hai| gA~dhIjI kI taraha unhoMne rAjanIti, artha, vijJAna aura dharma ko adhyAtma se jor3anA caahaa| barTeNDa rasela ne unake jIvana ko 'mAnavIya mAmaloM meM cetanA kI bhUmikA kA pratIka' batAyA thaa| vinobAjI ne ahiMsA ke AdhAra para jo bhI Andolana calAe, usameM ve saphala rahe aura unheM atyadhika khyAti bhI prApta huii| AcArya vinobA jainadharma kI ahiMsA se bahuta prabhAvita the| unhoMne jainadharma ke sabhI sampradAya ke AcAryoM se nivedana karake sarva sammatipUrvaka 'samaNasuttaM' nAmaka grantha kA nirmANa krvaayaa| isa grantha ko unhoMne jainagItA ke nAma se pukaaraa| 'samaNasuttaM' kA saGkalana mahAna kRti 'jainendra siddhAnta koza' ke racanAkAra kSullakazrI jinendra varNI ne kiyA thaa| AcArya vinobA apanA anta samaya ahiMsA kI ArAdhanA meM hI bitAnA cAhate the; ataH unhoMne saMyama ke pratIka 'sallekhanA' vrata ko lekara atyanta saMyama tathA AtmazraddhA ke sAtha apane zarIra kA tyAga kiyaa| vinobA jI ne ahiMsA, dayA, karuNA, adhyAtma aura baMdhutA aura samagra jIvana ke sAra kA prayoga mUlabhUta samAja parivartana tathA sampatti para AdhArita sambandha, saMsthAnika DhAMce, paramparA evaM vyavahAra ke pUrva nirmita Agraha ko badalane ke lie kiyaa| unhoMne vartamAna Arthika sambandhoM kI viSamatA ke prati saceta karane, sAmudAyika cetanA para AdhArita nae sambandhoM ko vikasita karane tathA kAryoM, Aya aura jIvana stara meM samAnatA lAne ke lie vAstavika krAMtikArI zakti kA prayoga eka sAdhana ke rUpa meM kiyaa| isa kArya ke lie ve sadaiva yAda kiye jaayeNge|

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aSTama adhyAya ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI avadhAraNA pUrI duniyA meM ahiMsA ke saiddhAntika aura hiMsA ke vyavahArika pakSa jyAdA haiN| dharmagranthoM aura mahApuruSoM ke vicAroM aura pustakoM meM ahiMsA ke vicAra bhare par3e haiM kintu jitane bar3e stara para ahiMsA para vicAra huA hai, utane adhika stara para usake prayoga nahIM ho pAye haiN| saiddhAntika rUpa se kahI gayI bAtoM kA yadi dasa pratizata bhI prayoga meM rahA hotA to hiMsA itanI bhayAvaha nahIM hotii| kaI sthaloM para utkRSTa adhyAtma kI carcA ke bAda bhI mA~ apane hone vAle bacce kI bhrUNa hatyA taka karavA detI hai| Aja bhI beTA-beTI meM bheda karane vAlA bhAratIya samAja sadiyoM kI ahiMsAmayI AdhyAtmika virAsata ko eka minaTa meM svAhA kara detA hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki siddhAnta aura vyavahAra meM kAphI dUriyA~ haiM / hama socate yA kahate kucha haiM aura karate kucha haiN| isa tarIke se hama ahiMsA kI carcA to kara sakate haiM kintu usake lakSya ko prApta nahIM kara skte| Atmatattva kI prApti ke lie ahiMsA kA mArga upayogI hai; ata: vaiyaktikarUpa se mahAna logoM ne usakA prayoga apane jIvana meM kiyA aura saphala hue| isa kArya ke lie Arambha meM sAdhakadazA meM unheM unake guru yA AcArya ke sAnnidhya meM prazikSaNa bhI milatA hai, jo unheM lakSya prApta karAne meM sahAyaka banatA hai| bandUka kI noka para zAnti kI sthApanA jaba yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki ahiMsA AtmakalyANa ke lie to upayogI hai hI, sAtha hI yaha hamAre pArivArika, sAmAjika, rASTrIya yA vaizvika samudAya kI samasyAoM kA bhI ekamAtra samAdhAna hai, taba prazna uThatA hai ki

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aSTama adhyAya 111 kyA isa stara para kisI prakAra kA koI prazikSaNa hai? acche yA bure lakSya ke lie hiMsA ke prazikSaNa kI vyavasthA pUre vizva meM hai| bandUka calAne kA prazikSaNa AtaGkavAdI bhI dete haiM aura sarakAra bhI, pharka itanA hai ki eka zAntibhaGga karane ke lie prazikSaNa de rahA hai aura eka zAnti sthApita karane ke lie| eka AtaGka phailAne ke lie prazikSita ho rahA hai aura eka AtaGka se surakSA ke lie prazikSita ho rahA hai| eka bandUka kI noMka para zAnti khatma karanA cAhatA hai aura eka bandUka kI noMka para zAnti banAye rakhanA cAhatA hai| bandUka kI noMka para zAnti sthApita karAne kA phArmUlA tAtkAlika samAdhAna to de detA hai kintu sthAyI samAdhAna dene meM yaha prazikSaNa bhI asaphala hai kyoMki yaha prakriyA aura samasyA hamezA banI rahatI hai| hiMsA prazikSaNa kA bajaTa prazna uThatA hai ki ahiMsA kI sthApanA ke lie hiMsA ke prazikSaNa para prativarSa araboM-kharaboM rupaye kharca hote haiM aura hama jAnate haiM ki isase hama kabhI sthAyI samAdhAna para nahIM pahu~ceMge, phira bhI ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke lie hama usakA 0.1 pratizata bhI kharca karane ko taiyAra nahIM, jo sthAyI samAdhAna dene kI zakti rakhatA hai| mAnA ki surakSA ke lie hiMsA prazikSaNa kA tarka itanA majabUta hai ki rakSA mantrAlaya usake lie araboM kA bajaTa banAtA hai lekina isake sthAna para ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA tarka itanA halkA bhI nahIM hai ki usake lie isa bajaTa kA eka pratizata bhI kharca karane kA prAvadhAna na ho ske| isa viSaya para gambhIratA se vicAra honA caahie| hiMsA prazikSaNa ke naye-naye upAya aura inake kutarka - vizva meM jo bhI rASTra, hiMsaka zastroM kA nirmANa karate haiM yA maha~gI kImateM cukAkara ina nirmita zastroM ko kharIdate haiM, unakA kahanA yahI hai ki hathiyAra vizvazAnti ke lie Avazyaka haiM, yuddha nirAkaraNa ke lie jarUrI haiN| jAna para khelakara bhI sAmAjika vyavasthA asta-vyasta karane tathA nirdoSoM kI jAna lene vAle prazikSita AtaGkavAdI tathA unake saMgaThana, apanI jAti

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112 ahiMsA darzana kI pragati aura zAnti ke lie hI lar3ate haiN| jo apane dharma kI rakSA ke lie dUsare dharmoM para prahAra kara rahe haiM, ve bhI yahI mAnate haiM ki ve naitikatA kI rakSA aura Apane dharma ke varcasva ke lie lar3a rahe haiN| adhikAMzataH hiMsA karane ke pahale usa hiMsA ke pakSa meM eka naitika tarka khar3A kiyA jAtA hai aura usa hiMsA ko ucita batalAkara hiMsA ko aMjAma diyA jAtA hai| yaha kitanA bar3A ajJAna aura kitanI bar3I bhrAnti hai ki hama barbaratA se mAnavatA vikasita karanA cAhate haiN| hama to khoTe kAma bhI unakA acchA nAma dekara karane meM saMkoca nahIM krte| uddezya hotA hai machalI, murgA, sUara kA mA~sa prApta karane ke lie unheM mArane kA aura nAma dete hai 'matsya pAlana udyoga, murgI pAlana, sUara pAlana udyog| isI taraha bAz2Ara meM kIr3oM Adi ko mArane ke lie 'kITa nAzaka davAyeM' bikatI haiN| taba yaha prazna mana meM avazya uThatA hai ki 'davAyeM' to jAna bacAne vAlI cIjeM hotI haiM, unakA sahI nAma honA cAhie kITa nAzaka z2ahara', kintu bAz2Ara kA manovijJAna yaha hai ki 'davAI' ke nAma para z2ahara bhI bika jAtA hai| z2ahara' ke nAma para 'z2ahara' bikanA muzkila hotA hai| yaha vaha tarka hai jahA~ 'hiMsA', 'ahiMsA' kA nakAba pahanakara AtI hai| Azcarya taba aura hotA hai jaba rojagAra ke avasara bar3hAne ke nAma para sarakArI stara para ina kSetroM ko protsAhita karane ke lie Arthika anudAna pradAna kiyA jAtA hai| do rASTra isalie yuddha roke hue haiM ki donoM ke pAsa aise jaivika aura paramANu hathiyAra haiM ki unake prayoga se palaka jhapakate hI sampUrNa rASTra tabAha ho sakatA hai| zAnti isalie hai ki donoM ko eka-dUsare se samAna bhaya hai| bhaya se utpanna zAnti, atyanta tanAvapUrNa hotI hai, use zAnti aura ahiMsA kA nAma denA ucita nahIM hogaa| ataH isa vizvAsa aura bhAvanA ko vikasita karanA bahuta jarUrI hai ki hiMsA kA sthAyI samAdhAna hiMsA prazikSaNa yA hiMsaka sAmagrI se kabhI sambhava nahIM hai| kyoMki hiMsA se kabhI hiMsA dUra nahIM hotii|

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aSTama adhyAya 113 isake lie ahiMsaka vidhiyoM aura bhAvanAoM kA vikAsa Avazyaka hai| hiMsA kI jar3a hiMsA ke nimitta bAhara pariveza meM bhI haiM aura andara hamArI vRttiyoM meM bhii| pUrva saMcita saMskAra karma hameM hiMsA ke lie ukasAte haiN| kucha kAraNa mAnava meM haiM, kucha samAja meM haiN| hiMsA kA mUla kAraNa yA upAdAna manuSya meM svayaM hai tathA usako uddIpta karane vAle nimitta pariveza yA samAja meM bhI nihita haiN| Arthika, sAmAjika aura rAjanaitika kAraNa bhI hiMsA ko protsAhana dete haiN| viSamatA, berojagArI, zoSaNa, daridratA, atibhAva, vilAsitA Adi aise Arthika kAraNa yA nimitta haiM, jinase vyakti meM nihita upAdAna ko uttejanA milatI hai, jo hiMsA bhar3akAne meM nimitta banate haiN| hiMsA ko bhar3akAne meM sAmAjika vikRtiyA~, jAti-varNabheda, aspRzyatA, viSama paristhitiyA~, kurUr3hiyA~, dAsatA Adi kA bhI bahuta bar3A hAtha rahatA hai| rAjanIti meM saiddhAntika AtaGkavAda tathA vyAvasAyika AtaGkavAda hiMsA kI Aga meM ghI DAlane kA kAma karate haiN| sAmpradAyika kaTTaratA bhI hiMsA bhar3akAtI hai| ye bAhya kAraNa vyakti ke Antarika kAraNoM ko ukasAte haiN| vyakti ke bhItara hiMsA ke aneka kAraNa haiN| usameM mukhya haiM - vyakti kI aneka vikRta vRttiyA~ / niSedhAtmakabhAva, krUratA, bhaya, IrSyA, krodha, ahaGkAra, lobha Adi vikRta vRttiyA~ hiMsA ko janma detI haiN| vyakti meM hiMsA kA dUsarA mahatvapUrNa kAraNa hai - apane mata kA durAgraha evaM svayaM ko hI sahI samajhane aura apane se bhinna matavAle ko galata samajhane kA dRSTikoNa, antataH vaha hiMsA ko protsAhita karatA hai, hiMsA ko poSaNa detA hai| vyakti kI jIvanazailI kA bhI hiMsA se bahuta gaharA sambandha hai| suvidhAvAdI, asaMyamita, bhogapradhAna jIvanazailI hiMsA aura svArthAndhatA ko uttejita karatI hai|

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114 ahiMsA darzana hiMsA kA nivAraNa hiMsA aura ahiMsA donoM ke bIja, manuSya ke bhItara hI haiN| aisI sthiti meM vAtAvaraNa para dhyAna denA bahuta jarUrI hai| kyoMki vahI sabase pahale hamAre sAmane AtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA - nimitta aura upAdAna, paristhiti aura antarjagat, donoM ko tor3akara mata dekho| kucha loga sArA bhAra paristhiti para hI DAla dete haiN| paristhiti nahIM badalegI to samasyA kA samAdhAna nahIM hogaa| dUsarI ora adhyAtmavAdiyoM kA mata hai ki jaba taka antarjagat meM sudhAra nahIM hogA, upAdAna nahIM badalegA to samasyA kA samAdhAna nahIM hogaa| ye donoM hI ekAGgI dRSTikoNa haiN| nimitta aura upAdAna - donoM jur3e hue haiN| jo ghaTita hotA hai, ina donoM kI upasthiti meM hI ghaTita hotA hai| samagra parivartana ke lie donoM para dhyAna denA apekSita hai| antaraGga vizuddhi ke sAtha-sAtha sAmAjika, pArivArika yA rASTrIya vizuddhi bhI Avazyaka hai| donoM eka dUsare ke pUraka haiN| ahiMsA prazikSaNa vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika stara para isa prakAra ke prayoga hote haiM kintu jaba taka rASTrIya yA antarrASTrIya stara para saMyuktarUpa se isa taraha kI koI gatividhi nahIM hogI, taba taka hama lakSya se dUra rheNge| gA~dhIjI, ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke mAdhyama se eka zAnti senA kI kalpanA karate the| isake lie unhoMne pRSThabhUmi bhI taiyAra kara lI thI kintu jaba taka ve isa yojanA ko vRhadpa de pAte, unakA nidhana ho gyaa| 'gA~dhI smRti evaM darzana samiti' ke nidezaka ena. rAdhAkRSNana ne isa sambandha meM prayAsa kie haiN| unhoMne 'gA~dhI kI ahiMsA : prazikSaka nidarzikA' nAmaka pustaka bhI isa uddezya se likhI ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI eka suvyavasthita kalpanA aNuvrata Andolana ke pravartaka AcArya tulasI tathA unhIM ke ziSya AcArya mahAprajJajI ne bhI kI hai| inhoMne atyanta zramapUrvaka ahiMsA kI mUla bhAvanA aura manuSyatA kI mUla

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aSTama adhyAya 115 bhAvanA ko pakar3A hai tathA gahana zodha ke uparAnta ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI eka pravidhi taiyAra kI hai| isa prazikSaNa ke kaI prayoga bhI kie jA cuke haiM tathA usake sakArAtmaka pariNAma bhI sAmane Ae haiM lekina binA kisI sarakArI anudAna ke yaha krAnti mAtra sAmAjika sahayoga se cala rahI hai| ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA svarUpa ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI avadhAraNA eka prAyogika avadhAraNA hai| Adhunika yuga meM AcArya zrI tulasI tathA AcArya zrI mahAprajJa ne apane aneka granthoM, lekhoM tathA hajAroM pravacanoM ke mAdhyama se ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI avadhAraNA ko rakhA hai| jIvana vijJAna tathA prekSAdhyAna ke mAdhyama se kaI prazikSaNa kAryakrama bhI calAye haiN| unhIM ke dvArA pratipAdita ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI avadhAraNA ko eka vistRta tathA vyavasthita pravidhi dene kA prayAsa pustaka 'ahiMsA prazikSaNa' meM kiyA hai| usI ke AdhAra para yaha avadhAraNA yahA~ prastuta hai| prazikSaNa kA AdhAra ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA AdhAra hai - hiMsA ke bIjoM ko prasupta banAkara, ahiMsA ke bIjoM ko aMkurita krnaa| isake lie prazikSaNa Avazyaka hai| ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI prakriyA ke do caraNa haiM - 1. saiddhAntika bodha, 2. prAyogika abhyaas| ahiMsA ke saiddhAntika bodha ke antargata hiMsA ke kAraNa, pariNAma evaM upAya kA prazikSaNa samAviSTa hai, jisase vyakti kI avadhAraNAoM kA pariSkAra ho aura usake sAtha-sAtha prAyogika abhyAsa bhI cle| 1. ahiMsA prazikSaNa, saMpAdaka - muni dharmeza, prakA. jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, prathama saMskaraNa, 1994

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116 ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke cAra AyAma jahA~ kucha vidvAn mAnasa-parivartana, saMracanAtmaka parivartana, vyaktivAdI prazikSaNa evaM sAmUhika prazikSaNa ko ekalarUpa meM rekhAGkita karate haiM, vahIM kucha mahApuruSoM kI avadhAraNA eka saMyukta prArUpa ke prastutikaraNa para bala detI hai| unake dvArA vikasita ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI caturAyAmI avadhAraNA, mAtra vyakti yA mAtra samAja taka nahIM pahu~catI hai, para donoM ko eka sAtha samAhita karatI hai / samagratA ke ina cAra AyAmoM meM hRdaya parivartana, dRSTikoNa parivartana, jIvanazailI parivartana evaM tadanurUpa saMracanAtmaka parivartana (vyavasthA parivartana) sammilita haiN| 1. hRdaya parivartana ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA prathama AyAma hai| hRdaya parivartana / hRdaya parivartana kA artha hai bhAva parivartana / hRdaya parivartana kA pahalA sUtra hai - niSedhAtmaka bhAvoM ke parivartana kA prazikSaNa / niSedhAtmaka bhAvoM ke kAraNa hI manuSya ahiMsA ke prati Azvasta nahIM ho pAtA hai| nirantara isI taraha kA bhAva bane rahane ke kAraNa vaha manovaijJAnika rUpa se hiMsaka vicAroM ke dabAva meM jIvana vyatIta karatA hai| hRdaya parivartana kA pahalA sUtra usake niSedhAtmaka bhAvoM ko sakarAtmaka banAtA hai| hRdaya parivartana kA dUsarA sUtra hai- zArIrika svAsthya meM mitAhAra kA prazikSaNa / aise AhAra kA prazikSaNa jo manuSya ke bhItara tAmasikatA kA vikAsa na kare balki sAtvika AhAra ke mAdhyama se usake mana-mastiSka meM sAtvika bhAvoM kA saMcAra ho / niSedhAtmakabhAvoM (saMvegoM) ke parivartana ke lie nimna nirdiSTa siddhAntasUtroM kA prazikSaNa Avazyaka hai 1. 2. 3. hiMsA ke hetu lobha bhaya ahiMsA darzana vaira-virodha pariNAma adhikAra kI manovRtti zastra-nirmANa aura zastra - prayoga pratirodha kI manovRtti

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aSTama adhyAya 117 krodha ahaGkAra kalahapUrNa sAmudAyika jIvana ghRNA, jAtibheda evaM chUAchUta zoSaNa evaM hatyA 6. krUratA asahiSNutA sAmpradAyika jhagar3e ye saMvega (niSedhAtmakabhAva) vyakti ko hiMsaka banAte haiN| hRdaya parivartana kA tAtparya hai, saMvegoM kA pariSkAra karanA evaM inake sthAna para nae saMskArita bIjoM kA ropana krnaa| saiddhAntika prazikSaNa ke sUtra 1. lobha kA anudaya zarIra aura padArtha ke prati amUrchAbhAva kA prazikSaNa 2. bhaya kA anudaya abhaya (AtmaupamyabhAva) evaM zastra nirmANa aura zastra-vyavasAya na karane kI saGkalpazakti kA prazikSaNa vaira-virodha kA anudaya maitrI evaM pratizodhAtmaka manovRtti se bacane kA prazikSaNa 3. krodha kA anudaya kSamA kA prazikSaNa ahaGkAra kA anudaya vinamratA, ahiMsaka pratirodha evaM anyAya ke prati asahayoga kA prazikSaNa 6. krUratA kA anudaya karuNA kA prazikSaNa asahiSNutA kA anudaya sAmpradAyika sadbhAva kA prazikSaNa evaM bhinna vicAroM ko sahane kA prazikSaNa ahiMsA ke vikAsa ke lie nimna nirdiSTa anuprekSAoM (bhAvanAoM) kA abhyAsa Avazyaka hai -

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118 ahiMsA darzana prAyogika prazikSaNa ke abhyAsa sUtra 1. lobha kA anudaya anAsakti kI anuprekSA bhaya kA anudaya abhaya kI anuprekSA 3. vaira-virodha kA anudaya maitrI kI anuprekSA krodha kA anudaya zAnti kI anuprekSA ahaGkAra kA anudaya mRdutA kI anuprekSA krUratA kA anudaya karuNA kI anuprekSA 7. asahiSNutA kA anudaya sahiSNutA kI anuprekSA bhAvAtmaka parivartana ke lie anuprekSA ke prayoga bahuta saphala rahe haiN| isa prayoga meM mastiSka aura pUre zarIra ko zithila karane ke sujhAva die jAte haiM, ye acetana yA avacetana mana ko prabhAvita karate haiN| inase purAne saMskAroM aura arjita AdatoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| nae saMskAroM aura naI AdatoM ke nirmANa kI bhUmi prazasta ho jAtI hai| ye prayoga saGkalpazakti, AtmavizvAsa aura AtmanirIkSaNa kI kSamatA ko bar3hAte haiN| svAsthya aura mitAhAra kA prazikSaNa hRdaya-parivartana kA dUsarA sUtra hai - svAsthya aura mitAhAra kA prshikssnn| zArIrika svAsthya aura ahiMsA meM bhI Antarika sambandha hai| zArIrika svAsthya ke abhAva meM hiMsA kA bhAva upajatA hai, ataH yaha ahiMsA ke prazikSaNa kA eka mahattvapUrNa aGga hai| prAyogika prazikSaNa - prAyogika prazikSaNa ke antargata yogAsana aura prANAyAma kA abhyAsa ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA eka mahattvapUrNa aGga hai|

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119 aSTama adhyAya 2. dRSTikoNa parivartana ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA dvitIya AyAma hai - dRSTikoNa privrtn| galata dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa mithyA dhAraNAe~, nirapekSa cintana aura ekAGgI Agraha panapate haiN| mithyA dhAraNAe~, nirapekSa cintana aura ekAGgI Agraha hiMsA ke mukhya kAraNoM meM haiN| jabaki sApekSa cintana sAmAjika sambandhoM kI bhUmikA meM eka mahattvapUrNa tattva hai| sApekSa cintana hotA hai to phira svArtha kI sImA nizcita ho jAtI hai| yaha nahIM ho sakatA ki samAja ke bIsa pratizata vyakti atibhAva meM jIvana jie~ aura assI pratizata vyakti bhUkhe marate rheN| mAnavIya sambandhoM meM jo kaTutA dikhAI de rahI hai, usakA hetu nirapekSa dRSTikoNa hai| saGkIrNa rASTravAda aura yuddha bhI nirapekSa dRSTikoNa ke pariNAma haiN| sApekSatA ke AdhAra para sambandhoM ko vyApaka AyAma diyA jA sakatA hai| manuSya, padArtha, vRtti, vicAra aura zarIra ke sAtha sambandha kA viveka karanA, ahiMsA ke vikAsa ke lie bahuta Avazyaka hai| manuSyoM ke prati krUratApUrNa, padArtha ke prati AsaktipUrNa, vicAroM ke prati AgrahapUrNa, vRttiyoM ke sAtha asaMyata aura zarIra ke sAtha mUrchApUrNa sambandha hai to hiMsA avazyambhAvI hai| anekAnta kA prazikSaNa mithyA dhAraNA, nirapekSa cintana aura Agraha se mukta hone kA prayoga hai| parivartana kevala jAnane se nahIM hotA; isake lie dIrghakAlika abhyAsa apekSita hai| sarvAGgINa dRSTikoNa ko vikasita karane ke lie nimna nirdiSTa anekAnta ke siddhAnta aura prAyogika abhyAsaanuprekSAoM kA prazikSaNa Avazyaka hai - siddhAnta prayoga sapratipakSa sAmaJjasya kI anuprekSA saha-astitva kI anuprekSA saha-astitva svatantratA svatantratA kI anuprekSA

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120 4. sApekSatA samanvaya sApekSatA kI anuprekSA samanvaya kI anuprekSA 5. 3. jIvanazailI parivartana ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA tIsarA AyAma hai- jIvanazailI kA parivartana / jIvanazailI parivartana kA eka mahattvapUrNa sUtra hai - suvidhAvAdI jIvanazailI meM parivartana hama pradUSaNa se cintita haiM, trasta haiN| suvidhAvAdI jIvanazailI pradUSaNa paidA kara rahI hai| usa para hamArA dhyAna hI nahIM jA rahA hai| samAja suvidhA chor3a nahIM sakatA kintu vaha asIma na ho yaha viveka Avazyaka hai| yadi suvidhAoM kA vistAra nirantara jArI rahe, ADambara aura vilAsapUrNa jIvana calatA rahe to ahiMsA kA svapna yathArtha meM pariNata nahIM hogA / icchAoM kI vRddhi se hiMsA ko pallavana milA hai| jaba taka icchA kA saMyama nahIM hogA, jIvanazailI meM saMyama ko pratiSThA nahIM milegI taba taka ahiMsA kA sArthaka pariNAma nahIM A skegaa| jIvanazailI parivartana ke lie saMyama, zrama, svAvalambana aura vyasanamukta jIvana kA saiddhAntika aura prAyogika prazikSaNa apekSita hai| nimnalikhita prAyogika abhyAsa ahiMsA prazikSaNa meM samAviSTa haiM 1. ahiMsA kI anuprekSA, 2. satya-acaurya kI anuprekSA, 3. brahmacarya kI anuprekSA 4. icchA-parimANa / aparigraha kI anuprekSA, 5. svAvalambana kI anuprekSA 6. vyasanamukti kI anuprekSA evaM prayoga / 4. vyavasthA parivartana ahiMsA darzana ahiMsA prazikSaNa kA caturtha AyAma hai- vyavasthA parivartana / vyakti ke Antarika rUpAntaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha vyavasthAgata parivartana bhI Avazyaka

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aSTama adhyAya 121 hai| vyavasthAoM ke mukhyataH tIna pahalU haiM - Arthika vyavasthA, sAmAjika vyavasthA aura rAjanaitika vyvsthaa| Arthika vyavasthA - artha kI prakRti meM hI hiMsA hai; ataH arthazAstra evaM Arthika vyavasthA ko pUrNataH ahiMsaka nahIM banAyA jA sakatA parantu usase aparAdha, krUratA, zoSaNa aura vilAsitA ko avazya samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha vicArapUrNa tathya hai ki artha kA abhAva aura prabhAva donoM khataranAka haiN| vikAsa kI bhautika avadhAraNA kA vikalpa mAtra ahiMsaka vyavasthA se hI sambhava hai| ahiMsaka vyavasthA meM sAdhana-zuddhi, vyaktigata svAmitva kI sImA, upabhoga kI sImA, arjana ke sAtha visarjana tathA vilAsitA kI sAmagrI ke utpAdana aura AyAta para roka kI vyavasthA kA ImAnadArI ke sAtha vyakti tathA sarakAra donoM ko pAlana karanA hogaa| isake sAtha-sAtha ahiMsaka takanIka kI khoja, ahiMsaka tarIkoM se Arthika vyavasthA ko Avazyaka sthAna denA hogaa| sAmAjika vyavasthA - ahiMsaka Arthika vyavasthA ke andara hI ahiMsaka samAja vyavasthA kA svarUpa chipA hotA hai| jisa samAja meM Arthika zoSaNa hotA hai, vaha samAja ahiMsaka nahIM hai| ahiMsaka samAja kA AdhAra azoSaNa hai| azoSaNa ke lie zrama aura svAvalambana kI cetanA kA vikAsa, vyavasAya meM prAmANikatA tathA krUratA kA varjana anivArya hai| samAja meM aneka prakAra kI hiMsA hotI hai| ahiMsaka samAja meM kucha vizeSa prakAra kI hiMsA kA sarvathA varjana ho| udAharaNArtha - AkrAmaka hiMsA, niraparAdha vyaktiyoM kI hatyA, daheja sambandhI pratAr3anA, bhrUNa hatyA, jAtIyaghRNA, chuAchUta Adi kA vyavasthAgata niSedha ho| sAmpradAyika abhiniveza, mAdaka vastuoM kA sevana tathA pratyakSa hiMsA ko janma dene vAlI rUr3hiyoM aura kurItiyoM kA varjana bhI Avazyaka hai|

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122 ahiMsA darzana rAjanaitika vyavasthA - ___ahiMsaka rAjanaitika vyavasthA kA svarUpa kyA ho? svaccha rAjanIti vaha hai, jisameM vyakti kI svatantratA kA hanana nahIM hotaa| jahA~ vyakti aura rASTra kA sambandha, mAtra yAntrika nahIM hotA; vyakti kI svatantratA kA mUlyAGkana kiyA jAtA hai| vyakti kI svatantratA AtmAnuzAsita hotI hai - aisI svatantratA vyaktigata vizeSatAoM kA saMrakSaNa hai, jo rASTra kI samRddhi kI Avazyaka zarta ahiMsaka rAjanIti kI dUsarI vizeSatA vyaktitva nirmANa kI dizA meM Thosa kAryakrama lAgU karanA hai| hiMsA kI rokathAma karanA aura vidhivyavasthA kAyama rakhanA, rAjanIti kA yahI mAtra kAma nahIM hai| jIvanta rAjanIti kA lakSya hai - vyakti kA hita aura maanv-klyaann| vikendrita rAjanaitika vyavasthA ho tAki dalagata rAjanIti ko avasara na mile| vartamAna rAjanIti meM rAjanItijJoM ke prazikSaNa ke lie bhI koI vyavasthA nahIM hai| pariNAmasvarUpa guNavattA ke sthAna para sirpha saMkhyA isakA AdhAra raha gayA hai| rAjanIti aparAdhiyoM kI zaraNa sthalI banatI jA rahI hai| isa para aMkuza Avazyaka hai| ataH vyavasthA parivartana ke lie saMgaThanAtmaka prazikSaNa kI AvazyakatA hai, jisameM anusandhAna, yojanA, kArya karane ke lie taiyAra honA, pracAra, kArya kA prArambha, netRtva Adi saMgaThana ke vibhinna pahaluoM ke lie prazikSaNa prApta karanA Avazyaka hai| ahiMsA prazikSaNa ke aura bhI AyAma, pahalU yA dRSTikoNa ho sakate haiM, isa pravidhi kA vikAsa aura adhika kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu AvazyakatA hai isa dizA meM pahala karane kii| ekajuTa hokara yadi isa prazikSaNa meM aura bhI adhika anusandhAna kie jAeM to kaI niSkarSa sAmane Ae~ge, jo zAnti aura ahiMsA kI sthApanA kA majabUta AdhAra bneNge|

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navama adhyAya sAmAjika jIvana meM ahiMsA kI upayogitA prAyaH ahiMsA ko jIvoM ko sAkSAt na mArane taka sImita kara diyA jAtA hai| anaitikatA, bhraSTAcAra, corI, zoSaNa, ghRNA, IrSyA, dveSa, vaimanaska, vAsanA, Asakti aura durAgraha Adi jIvana meM palate raheM aura ahiMsA bhI sadhatI rahe, kyA yaha sambhava hai? jIvoM ko na mAranA ahiMsA hai kintu usakI iyattA yahIM taka nahIM hai| jo loga ahiMsA ko sImita artha meM dekhate haiM, unheM kisI cIMTI ke mara jAne para pachatAvA ho sakatA hai, kintu dUsaroM ko Thagane ko yA una para jhUThe kesa calAne yA unakA zoSaNa karane meM unheM koI pachatAvA nahIM hotaa| apane kSudra svArtha kI pUrti ke lie dUsaroM kA bar3A se bar3A ahita karane meM unheM hiMsA kA anubhava nahIM hotaa| yaha kisa prakAra kI ahiMsA hai? aisA lagatA hai hamane ahiMsA ko svArthI mAtra banA diyA hai| jahA~ sirpha svArtha kA prazna hogA vahA~ manuSya ko hiMsA karane meM saMkoca nahIM hotA aura jahA~ svArtha meM bAdhA nahIM pahu~catI, vahA~ ahiMsA kA abhinaya kiyA jAtA hai| yaha ahiMsA siddhAnta ke prati anyAya hai| yadi hama apane sAmAjika jIvana ke vibhinna kSetroM meM vibhinna prakAra se prAyogika ahiMsA ko apanAyeM to zAnti ke lakSya ko AsAnI se prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| sAmAjika jIvana meM vyavasAya, udyoga, naukarI, khetI, AjIvikA, saundarya prasAdhana, bhojana, rAjanIti, surakSA, vidhi-vyavasthA, kAnUna, prazAsana, cikitsA Adi kSetroM meM ahiMsA kI upayogitA para vartamAna yugIna vicAra Avazyaka hai| yahA~ pramukha kSetroM para vartamAna yugIna vicAra karate haiM -

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124 ahiMsA darzana vyavasAya meM ahiMsA vyavasAya aura udyoga, jIvana kI AvazyakatA se jur3e hue haiN| inake binA jIvana nahIM cala sktaa| isa zIrSaka ke antargata hama hara usa kSetra ko sameTa sakate haiM, jinakA sambandha AjIvikA arjita karane se hai| vyavasAya, udyoga, naukarI, khetI ityAdi sabhI kSetra paisA kamAne ke pramukha sAdhana haiN| paisA, jIvana kI eka mahatvapUrNa AvazyakatA hai| bhautika jIvana kI sArI vyavasthAe~ paise se hI saJcAlita hotI haiM; isIlie pratyeka manuSya kA yaha parama karttavya hai ki vaha svayaM aura apane parivAra kA bharaNa-poSaNa karane ke lie bharapUra udyama kare tathA dhana arjita kre| nItikAroM ne kahA bhI hai ki kalA bahattara puruSa kI tAme do srdaar| eka jIva kI jIvikA, dajo jiivoddhaar|| paisA, upayogI hote hue bhI isake sAtha viDambanA yaha jur3I huI hai ki isake sAtha manuSya kI svArthI manovRtti kA vikAsa bhI bahuta tejI se hotA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki 'paise ne amuka vyakti ko andhA banA diyA hai' - isakA kyA abhiprAya hai? manuSya, paise ke lie vyavasAya karatA hai kintu isake pIche itanA pAgala ho jAtA hai ki usake lie sAmAjika, paryAvaraNa aura rASTrIya hita kA bhI dhyAna nahIM rkhtaa| vyavasAya hiMsaka ho jAte haiM aura usakA prabhAva manuSyoM tathA rASTroM ke jIvana para par3atA hai| vartamAna meM mA~sa kA niryAta, saundarya prasAdhana sAmagrI ke nirmANa meM pazu-pakSiyoM kA prayoga, auSadhi nirmANa meM jAnavaroM ke aGga-pratyaGga aura haDDiyoM kA prayoga, khAdya padArthoM meM milAvaTa, camar3A nirmANa hetu bUcar3akhAnoM kI vRddhi Adi aise kArya haiM, jo hiMsaka vyavasAya ke jIte-jAgate sAkSAt udAharaNa haiN| ina vyavasAyoM se paryAvaraNa para duSprabhAva to par3atA hI hai, sAtha hI pazudhana kI bhI kamI hotI hai| ina vyavasAyoM se arjita dhana bhI sukha aura zAnti nahIM de pAtA hai|

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navama adhyAya 125 isalie Avazyaka hai ki hama dhana to kamAe~ lekina apane mAnavadharma kI rakSA ke lie aisA vyApAra kareM, jisameM kama se kama hiMsA ho| aise vyApAra se eka santulana sthApita hotA hai, jo rASTra aura samAja ko zAnti pradAna karatA hai| hama paisA kamAne ke lie, apane svAda ke lie tathA zarIra ke saundarya ke lie aise kArya kyoM kareM jisameM bekasUra nirIha jAnavaroM, pazu-pakSiyoM kI jAna lI jAtI ho? uparyukta hiMsA to vaha vyavasAyika hiMsA hai, jo hameM sAkSAt dikhalAyI detI hai kintu vyavasAya meM zoSaNa jaisI kaI hiMsAe~ aisI bhI hotI haiM, jo bAhara se dekhane para pragaTa dikhAyI nahIM detiiN| ve hiMsAe~ nimna prakAra se hotI haiM - (1) majadUroM yA karmacAriyoM se adhika kArya karavAnA aura kama vetana denaa| (2) apane adhInasthoM ko DarAnA, dhamakAnA aura vyaktigata dveSavaza unheM naukarI se nikAla denaa| (3) majabUrI kA phAyadA uThAte hue majadUroM ko kama paisA dekara, adhika rakama ke kAgajoM para hastAkSara krvaanaa| (4) mahilA karmacAriyoM kI majabUrI kA phAyadA uThAkara, unakA yauna-zoSaNa krnaa| (5) apane parivAra ke sadasyoM ko ayogya hone para bhI kampanI meM U~ce pada para, U~cI tanakhvAha dekara rakhanA tathA vahI kAma eka yogya karmacArI se kama vetana para krvaanaa| __(6) ucita inakama Taiksa Adi nahIM denA tathA hisAba-kitAba meM hera-phera karanA ityaadi| isa prakAra kI aneka hiMsAe~ vyavasAya meM hotI haiN| Arambha meM to lagatA hai ki aisA karane se adhika paisA kamAyA jA rahA hai kintu prakArAntara se aisI sthitiyA~ visphoTaka rUpa bhI dhAraNa kara letI haiN| adhInasthoM ke

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126 ahiMsA darzana vidroha, kAnUnI kAryavAhI tathA aneka aisI samasyAe~ utpanna hotI rahatI haiM, jisase manuSya tathA samAja azAnta banA rahatA hai| aise aneka udAharaNa haiM, jahA~ vyAvasAyika manovRttiyoM ne zoSaNa kI parAkASThA kara dI aura usake aMjAma atyanta hiMsAtmaka hue| samAja tathA rASTra meM zAnti aura ahiMsA kI sthApanA ke lie Avazyaka hai ki ahiMsaka vyavasAya kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa kiyA jaae| zoSaNa tathA hiMsA se rahita arjita pUMjI hI rASTra kI samRddhi kA mAdhyama bana sakatI hai| suprasiddha arthazAstrI amartya sena kA vAkya hai ki arthazAstra ke sAre rAste nItizAstra se hokara hI gujarate haiN| rAjanIti meM ahiMsA saiddhAntika AdhAra para rAjanIti ahiMsaka hI hotI hai| isa kSetra meM ahiMsA kI apanI alaga vyAkhyAe~ ho sakatI haiM kintu unake mukhya srota ahiMsaka nItizAstra se hI Ate haiN| yaha bAta alaga hai ki vartamAna meM rAjanIti aura hiMsA ko eka hI sikke ke do pahaluoM ke rUpa meM dekhA jAtA hai| Aja samAja ke hiMsaka aura dabaMga vyaktittva, lokatAntrika kamajoriyoM kA phAyadA uThAkara sattA ke galiyAroM meM nAyaka banakara sthApita haiN| viDambanA yaha bhI hai ki una sabhI logoM ne yaha saba pAne ke lie ahiMsaka nAroM kA prayoga kiyA hai aura ahiMsA kA mukhauTA pahanA hai| koI bhI netA yaha ghoSaNA karake cunAva nahIM jIta sakatA ki maiM hatyAe~ karavAU~gA, rizvata ko bar3hAvA dUMgA, sAmpradAyikatA ko prazraya dUMgA, garIboM kA zoSaNa karU~gA aadi| ahiMsA para AdhArita rAjanIti vaha hai, jisameM vyakti kI svatantratA kA hanana nahIM ho; jahA~ vyakti aura rASTra kA sambandha, mAtra yAntrika nahIM ho aura sAtha hI vyakti kI svatantratA kA mUlyAGkana ho| hiMsA kI rokathAma, surakSA aura vidhi vyavasthA kAyama rakhanA hI rAjanIti kA kArya nahIM hai| acchI rAjanIti kA artha hai - vyakti kA hita aura mAnava kalyANa arthAt rAjya ko vidhi-vyavasthA se pUrva vyaktittva nirmANa kI dizA meM Thosa kAryakrama lAgU krnaa| rAjya, garIbI Adi dUra karane ke

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navama adhyAya 127 sAtha-sAtha nAgarikoM ko abhaya bhI kre| AcArya vinobA kahate haiM ki 'jinakA vizvAsa ahiMsA meM hai, unako lokanIti kI sthApanA meM apanI zakti lagAnI cAhie, jisase rAjanIti ko samApta kara lokanIti sthApita ho / ' janalokapAla bila kI vakAlAta karane vAle annA jI ne bhI saccI lokanIti ke lie san 2011 se vizAla stara para ahiMsaka Andolana zuru kiyA hai| sarvaprathama rAjanIti meM Spiritualization zabda kA prayoga gopAlakRSNa gokhale jI ne kiyA thaa| gA~dhIjI ne bhI isa vicAra ko bAra-bAra rkhaa| yaha koziza pahalI bAra huI ho aisA nahIM hai| itihAsa meM kaI bAra isa taraha ke prayatna hue haiN| bahuta se vicAraka yaha mAnate haiM ki samAja ke vikAsa meM aisA bindu A jAe jaba daNDa ke AdhAra para zAsana calAne kI AvazyakatA na rahe / prAcInakAla meM tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva jaba rAjA the usa samaya 'hA', 'mA', 'dhika' kI ahiMsaka daNDanIti hI paryApta thii| isa dhyeya ko sAmyavAdI bhI mAnate haiN| kucha vicAraka aise bhI haiM, jo yaha mAnate haiM ki samAja meM daNDa kI AvazyakatA sadaiva hai; isalie zAsana bhI sadaiva rhegaa| daNDazakti ko eka sthAna denA to Avazyaka ho sakatA hai kintu ahiMsaka rAjya vyavasthA meM mukhya sthAna sevA kA rahanA cAhie jabaki daNDa aura sattA kA sthAna dUsarA honA caahie| vartamAna cunAva paddhati meM jAtivAda, sampradAyavAda jaise aneka hiMsaka vyApAra jur3e hue haiN| ise ahiMsaka banAne ke lie aneka prakAra se prazikSaNa dene kI AvazyakatA hai| ahiMsaka rAjanIti ke lie sattA kA vikendrIkaraNa Avazyaka hai, jisase zAsaka niraGkuza na ho aura eka vyakti ke ahaM ko maukA na mile| paMcAyatI rAja kI vyavasthA isakA jvalanta samAdhAna hai|

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128 ahiMsA darzana kAnUna meM ahiMsA bhArata kA saMvidhAna, ahiMsA kI pRSThabhUmi para nirmita hai| isakI carcA hama pahale bhI kara cuke haiN| bhArata meM kAnUna vyavasthA banAye rakhane aura doSI ko samucita daNDa dene kA kArya pulisa prazAsana aura adAlateM karatI haiN| kAnUna kA uddezya hai ki sAmAjika zAnti banI rahe, vyavasthAe~ niyama se saJcAlita hoM tathA bhraSTAcAra dUra rhe| azAnti phailAne tathA niyama va vyavasthAe~ bhaTTa karane para doSI ko daNDita bhI kiyA jAtA hai kintu daNDa vyavasthA meM bhI ahiMsA prayukta hotI hai prazna ho sakatA hai ki daNDa to sAkSAt hiMsA hai, usameM ahiMsA kA prayoga kaise ho sakatA hai ? kintu yadi hama adhyayana kareM to pAyeMge ki daNDa ke niyama ahiMsA kI AdhArazilA para nirmita haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM 1 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) choTe jurma ke lie bar3I sajA kA prAvadhAna na honA ahiMsA hai; usakI sajA bhI choTI hotI hai| niraparAdhI ko sajA na ho| Aropa siddha hone se pUrva koI sajA na ho| aparAdhI ko bhI apanA bacAva pakSa rakhane kA adhikAra hai| AtmarakSA, mAnasika asantulana Adi kI sthiti meM hatyA jaise jurma kI sajAoM meM bhI antara hai ityAdi / vartamAna kI viDambanA vartamAna samaya meM kAnUna ke rakhavAloM aura unakA pAlana karane vAloM ke madhya jo hiMsaka sambandha dekhane meM A rahe haiM, ve durbhAgyapUrNa haiN| kAnUna ke rakSaka, janatA kI surakSA ke jimmevAra pulisa ityAdi prazAsana bhI kabhI-kabhI bhakSaka kI bhUmikA meM najara Ate haiN| isa kSetra meM nimna hiMsAe~ sAmane AtI haiM, jo kAnUna kI Ar3a meM kI jAtI haiM (1) pulisa dvArA janatA ke sAtha nirmamatApUrNa vyavahAra honA /

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navama adhyAya 129 (2) (3) pharjI muThabher3a meM nirdoSoM ko aparAdhI ghoSita kara maarnaa| garIba tathA kamajora varga ko satAnA evaM amIra aura balavAna logoM ko prazraya denaa| rizvata lekara gaura-kAnUnI kArya hone denaa| (4) dveSa yA badale kI bhAvanA se nirdoSa logoM ko phNsaanaa| (5) anapekSita lAThIcArja yA phAyariMga karanA ityaadi| inake alAvA aura bhI adhika hiMsAe~ haiM, jo kAnUna ko najaraandAja karake kI jAtI haiN| samAja aura vyakti jaba kAnUna tor3atA hai, taba inakA kArya zuru hotA hai kintu jaba kAnUna ke rakSaka hI ina bhUmikAoM meM A jAte haiM, taba zakti aura adhikAra ke durupayoga khulakara sAmane Ate haiM aura Ama janatA asurakSA aura bhaya ke vAtAvaraNa meM jIne ko majabUra ho jAtI hai| ina kamiyoM ko dUra karake kAnUna meM ahiMsA kI sthApanA, eka svastha samAja va rASTra ko janma detI hai| (1) kAnUna meM ahiMsA ke prayoga nimna prakAra se ho sakate haiM - pulisa prazAsana, kAnUna ke prati dRr3ha avazya hoM kintu sahRdaya bhI hoM aura mAnavIya saMvedanAoM ko smjheN| (2) (3) nirdoSoM ko binA vajaha na satAyeM aura na phNsaayeN| yadi saMvAda se samasyAe~ sulajhatI hoM to anAvazyaka bala prayoga na kreN| (4) kAnUna ke rakSaka, madirApAna Adi doSoM se dUra rheN| (5) apane hara nirNaya meM yaha dhyAna rakheM ki isase janatA kA hita kitanA ho sakatA hai? ahiMsA ke prayoga bhAvanAtmaka stara para kaI prakAra ke ho sakate haiN| mAtra AvazyakatA hai usa para AsthA kii| inase na sirpha janatA ke aura

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130 ahiMsA darzana prazAsana ke bIca eka madhura sambandha kAyama hote haiM balki eka paraspara sahayoga kA vAtAvaraNa bhI nirmita hotA hai| ahiMsA ke prayoga jaba-jaba prazAsana ne kiye haiM, taba-taba sArthaka pariNAma bhI sAmane Aye haiN| aise aneka udAharaNa haiM jaba ahiMsA ke prayoga se saphalatAe~ milI haiN| ahiMsA kA prayoga karane vAle ke andara bala honA cAhie, use vIra honA cAhie; ahiMsA kAyaroM kA kAma nahIM hai| kiraNa bedI ne tihAr3a jela meM jo racanAtmaka prayoga kiye, ve eka udAharaNa bana gaye haiN| unake ahiMsaka racanAtmaka prayogoM se jo Azcaryajanaka pariNAma sAmane Aye, usase pUrA prazAsana utsAhita huA aura isa prakAra ke prayogoM kA daura anya sthAnoM para bhI prArambha huaa| san 2011 meM deza meM bhraSTAcAra ke viruddha rASTravyApI Andolana karane vAle 'annA' vartamAna meM ahiMsaka krAnti ke mahAnAyaka bane huye haiN| gAMdhI jI ke bAda bhAratavarSa meM yaha Andolana sabase bar3I ahiMsaka krAnti ke rUpa meM ubharakara sAmane AyA hai| janalokapAla kAnUna banavAne ke lie annA jI ne pUre deza meM Andolana cher3a diyA tathA kahIM bhI tor3a phor3a, saMgharSa tathA cakkA jAma Adi ghaTanAyeM bhI nahIM huyiiN| yuvA varga ne ikkIsavIM sadI meM pahalI bAra ahiMsA kI zakti ko dekhA hai jo hiMsA se kahIM adhika vyavasthita hitakArI, prabhAvazAlI tathA parivartanakArI hai| kAnUna kA lakSya bhI zAnti aura ahiMsA ko kAyama rakhanA hI hai| hiMsaka sAdhanoM se use apane lakSya pUrA karane meM asaphalatA bhI milatI hai; ataH ahiMsA ke prayoga avazya honA caahie| cikitsA meM ahiMsA cikitsA kA uddezya hI manuSya ke svAsthya kI rakSA karanA hai| eka DAkTara ko loga dharatI kA bhagavAna mAnate haiN| vaha pratyeka bImArI ko dUra karane aura marIja kI jAna bacAne kA prayatna karatA hai| janatA bhI A~kha mUMdakara una para bharosA karatI hai aura yadi bacAne kI lAkha koziza karane para

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navama adhyAya 131 bhI Aparezana ityAdi ke samaya marIja kI mRtyu ho jAe to DAkTara ko koI hatyArA nahIM mAnatA kyoMki usakA abhiprAya aura uddezya hamezA ahiMsaka hI rahatA hai| isa bAta ko Adhunika yuga kI viDambanA hI kahA jAegA ki kucha svArthI tathA dhanalolupI DAkTara apane kRtyoM se isa pavitra peze ko badanAma karane se bhI pIche nahIM httte| cikitsA ke kSetra meM nimnalikhita pramukha hiMsAe~ sAmane A rahI haiM, jisane cikitsIya vizvAsa ko jar3a se hilA diyA hai - (1) nakalI davAoM kA nirmANa tathA khule bAjAra meM unakI bikrI honaa| (2) bhrUNahatyA aura garbhapAta krnaa| DAkTaroM dvArA anAvazyaka oNparezana tathA garIboM ke aGga nikAlakara unheM jarUratamanda amIroM ko U~ce dAmoM meM becnaa| (4) sirpha kamIzana kI kamAI ke lie marIjoM kI anAvazyaka paitholaoNjikala jA~ceM karavAkara, unakI gAr3hI kamAI tathA svAsthya ke sAtha khilavAr3a krnaa| rogoM kI AzaMkA batAkara marIjoM ko DarAnA tathA unakA ilAja ke nAma para anAvazyaka kharca krvaanaa| (6) marIjoM ko mAtra eka grAhaka smjhnaa| paise kama hone yA koI pahacAna nahIM hone para, usake IlAja se iMkAra krnaa| roga ke upacAra kA jJAna na hone para bhI use bar3e cikitsaka ke pAsa na bhejakara, svayaM anAvazyaka prayoga karate rahanA aura kamAI kA sAdhana bnaanaa| (9) kama dAmavAlI davAI upalabdha hone para bhI jAnabUjhakara maha~gI davAIyA~ likhnaa|

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132 ahiMsA darzana (10) marIjoM ko galata jAnakAriyA~ dekara unheM binA kAraNa parezAna karanA / (11) pharjI DAkTara banakara logoM ko luuttnaa| isa prakAra kI aneka hiMsAe~ cikitsA ke kSetra meM hotI haiN| loga inheM bhugatane ko majabUra haiM kyoMki koI anya vikalpa nahIM hai| cikitsaka ke mana meM uccastarIya mAnavIya saMvedanAe~ honI hI caahie| dhana, jIvana kA sAdhana hai| cikitsaka yadi dhana ko hI sAdhya banAkara usake lie isa pavitra peze ke vizvAsa ko tor3ane para utArU hai to isase jyAdA durbhAgyapUrNa sthiti rASTra ke lie koI aura nahIM ho sktii| uparyukta sthitiyoM se bacakara cikitsaka ahiMsAdharma kA pAlana kara sakate haiM sirpha eka vrata lekara cikitsaka ahiMsA kA prayoga kara sakate haiM aura vaha vrata hai - 1 'maiM jIvana meM kabhI koI bhI aisA kArya nahIM karU~gA, jisase pratyakSa yA parokSarUpa se marIja ko tana-mana-dhana se koI bhI takalIpha phuNce|' zikSA ke kSetra meM ahiMsA zikSA kA kSetra sarvAdhika vyApaka hai| zikSA, manuSya ke maulika adhikAra meM zAmila hai; ataH vartamAna meM zikSA ke sAtha manuSya bAlyakAla se hI jur3A rahatA hai| zikSA kA kSetra pUrNarUpa se ahiMsaka honA hI caahie| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM hiMsAtmaka zikSA para pratibandha hai / pAThyakramoM meM yadi koI jAnakArI dI jAtI hai, jisase galata sandeza jAtA ho tathA samAja kI zAnti bhaGga hotI ho to use pAThyakrama se haTA diyA jAtA hai| hamezA sauhArda aura bhAIcAre kI zikSA dI jAtI hai| (1) (2) zikSA ke kSetra meM nimna prakAra kI pramukha hiMsAyeM sAmane A rahIM haiM raigiMga dvArA navAgantuka chAtra/chAtrAoM kA zoSaNa karanA / atyadhika phIsa kA dabAva ki karja lenA pdd'e|

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navama adhyAya 133 (3) praveza prakriyA meM dhAMdhalI, U~cI pahu~ca tathA paise ke bala para prvesh| (4) prAiveTa TyUzana tathA kociMga na karane para adhyApakoM dvArA phela karane kI dhmkii| (5) (6) adhyApakoM kA chAtra/chAtrAoM ke prati nirmama vyvhaar| nakala rokane para adhyApakoM kI chAtroM dvArA piTAI / ityAdi ina kucha bAtoM ne pavitra zikSA paddhati ko hAzie para lA khar3A kiyA hai| zikSA kA kSetra jaba se vyavasAya, iNDasTrI kA kSetra bana gayA hai taba se vaha Ama manuSya se kAphI dUra ho gayA hai| bar3e bar3e mAphiyA aura DaoNna bandUka kI noka para zikSaNa saMsthAna calA rahe haiN| ina para aMkuza lagAkara hiMsA se bacA jA sakatA hai| zikSakoM se bhI yaha apekSA kI jAtI hai ki ve DarA-dhamakA kara yA piTAI se chAtroM ko sudhArane kI bajAya, unheM prabhAvita karake pyAra aura bhAvanAoM ke mAdhyama se jJAna pradAna kreN| chAtra/chAtrAoM se bhI apekSA kI jAtI hai ki ve adhyApakoM kA sammAna kareM tathA vinamratApUrvaka unakI bAtoM ko svIkAra kreN| vAstava meM ahiMsA ke prayoga binA jJAna ke AdAna-pradAna kI prakriyA sambhava hI nahIM hai| kyA kisI guru kI chAtI para bandUka rakhakara usase jJAna liyA jA sakatA hai? - nahIM, yaha prakriyA satata ahiMsA se hI sambhava hai|

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dazama adhyAya zAkAhAra aura paryAvaraNa Aja sampUrNa vizva ke mAnacitra para ubharane vAle samasyAgata muddoM meM eka pramukha vicAraNIya muddA hai ki paryAvaraNa aura prakRti para gaharAte saMkaTa kA samAdhAna kaise ho? vAtAvaraNa kI zuddhatA ko puna: kaise prApta kiyA jAya? nirantara bar3ha rahI bahuvidha hiMsA, vanya tathA pazuoM kI bar3I tAdAda meM ho rahI hatyA aura tAmasika vicAradhArA evaM vRttiyoM para aMkuza kaise lagAyA jAe? vizva stara para isakA adhyayana cala rahA hai| paryAvaraNa kI rakSA hetu saMsthAnoM meM paryAvaraNa viSayaka vizeSa adhyayana anusaMdhAna ho rahe haiM, kintu Azcarya hai ki paryAvaraNa kI zuddhi meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAne vAlA viSaya, "AhAra kI zuddhatA" kI ora dhyAna hI nahIM jaataa| bar3hatI tAmasika pravRttiyA~ hI paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa meM mUla kAraNa haiM aura usake bhI mUla meM hai tAmasika AhAra arthAt maaNsaahaar| manuSya kA jIvana prakRti kI chAyA se poSita hote hue jisa naye pariveza meM AyA hai usakA rakharakhAva evaM prAkRtika saMtulana hI sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA mahAn lakSya honA cAhie aura isa hetu prakRti eka mUlatatva hai jo ki vyakti kI jIvanazailI aura samAja saMracanA se sIdhA sambandha rakhatI hai| choTe se choTe aura bar3e se bar3e pRthvI tala ke sabhI jIva jantu prakRti kI sundara kRti haiM, ve raheMge to prAkRtika saMtulana banA rahegA aura hamArA astitva rahegA yadi isI taraha inakA saMhAra hotA rahA to vaha dina dUra nahIM jaba vinAza kI pUrI kAlI chAyA hamAre sAmane chA jaaegii| isa dRSTi se vartamAna kI sthiti bhI kama cintanIya nahIM hai| AhAra aura arAjakatA aparAdha vRtti aura arAjakatA bhI eka jaTila samasyA hai jo vAtAvaraNa ko azAMta karatI hai| Aja mAnava mana meM phaila rahI tAmasika

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dazama adhyAya 135 pravRtti evaM hiMsA kA mUla kAraNa hai- AhAra ke prati zuddhatA evaM aviveka / yaha sabhI jAnate haiM ki AhAra kA prabhAva kevala zarIra para hI nahIM balki mana aura mastiSka bhI usase pUrNataH prabhAvita hote haiN| zuddha paryAvaraNa ke lie mAnava mana zuddha rahe yaha ati Avazyaka hai| vyakti jaisA khAtA hai vaisA hI usakA mana, cintana, vacana aura vyavahAra banatA jAtA hai| ataH prAkRtika saMtulana tathA sAtvika AcAra-vicAra aura vyavahAra ke lie sAtvika AhAra ke rUpa meM zAkAhAra hI Avazyaka hai na ki mAMsAhAra / kyoMki hama dekha rahe haiM ki vartamAna meM mAMsAhAra kA atyadhika pracalana bhI dUSita manovRttiyoM evaM vyavahAra meM abhivRddhi kA mukhya kAraNa hai / jaba sAdhana dUSita hoMge to sAdhya dUSita honA bhI svAbhAvika haiM / paryAvaraNa aura jIvana rakSA bIsavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM jaharIle padArthoM ke vyApaka prayoga se, mAMsAhAra kI bar3hatI pravRtti se tathA prakRti ke nirmama dohana se jIvoM kI aneka prajAtiyoM kI viluptIkaraNa kI dara tejI se bar3hI hai| pichale 2000 varSoM meM jo prajAtiyA~ vilusa huI isa bIsavIM sadI ke uttarArdha meM akele AdhI se adhika prajAtiyA~ vilupta huI haiN| jaivikavidoM kI mAnyatA hai ki pichale 350 varSoM meM bIsavIM sadI ke madhya taka prati dasa varSa meM prANiyoM kI eka jAti upajAti naSTa huI hai| prakRti va prAkRtika sAdhanoM ke antarrASTrIya rakSA saMgaThana ne anumAna lagAyA hai ki aba ausatana hara varSa eka na eka jAti yA upajAti lupta ho jAtI hai| isa samaya pakSiyoM aura jAnavaroM kI lagabhaga 1000 jAtiyoM ke lupta hone kA khatarA hai| pazudhana kI sthiti eka samaya thA ki AsTreliyA meM sabase adhika pazudhana thA, kintu aba vahA~ eka hajAra vyakti ke pIche yaha A~kar3A 1450 kA hI raha gayA hai| arjenTInA meM eka hajAra ke pIche yaha AMkar3A 2089 hai jo vizva meM sambhavataH sabase adhika hai| bhArata meM yaha AMkar3A kevala 279 hai| kolambiyA aura

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136 ahiMsA darzana brAjIla meM kramaza: 919 aura 726 hai, pAkistAna aura bAMglAdeza kI tulanA meM yaha gaNanA simaTakara 204 aura 116 raha gayI hai| kSetraphala kI dRSTi se dekheM to bhArata kI sthiti pAkistAna aura bAMglAdeza kI tulanA meM hI nahIM balki maleziyA aura zrIlaMkA kI tulanA meM bhI atyaMta dayanIya hai| mAMsAhAra meM jina prANiyoM kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai unameM bakarA, sUara aura murgI hI nahIM, ve asaMkhya pakSI bhI haiM jo ikosisTama ke saMtulana meM apanI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAte haiN| pichale dinoM inakI saMkhyA meM tejI se AyI huI girAvaTa ko dekhate hue vizva ke jAne-mAne vaijJAnikoM ne vibhinna dezoM kI sarakAroM ko cetAvanI dI hai ki apane yahA~ mAMsAhAra para pratibandha lagAeM kyoMki inase hone vAlA paryAvaraNa meM asaMtulana kisI eka ke lie nahIM varan pUrI mAnava jAti ke lie hAnikAraka hogaa| sahaastitva aura paryAvaraNa mAnava meM krUratA ke sAtha aparimita karuNA kI bhI saMbhAvanAeM haiN| vaha vikRta hokara vizva kA sabase adhika barbara aura nRzaMsa prANI ho sakatA hai aura susaMskRta hokara karuNA kI pratimUrti bhI bana sakatA hai| saha astitva kI bAta samajhe binA mAnava ke svayaM kA astitva bhI surakSita nahIM hai| yadi mAnava apane astitva ke prati sahI mAyane meM jAgarUka hai to vaha auroM kA zoSaNa nahIM kregaa| apane sukha ke lie auroM kA sukha nahIM chInegA, jisase prakRti kA saMtulana gar3abar3Ae aura prAkRtika jIvoM ko kaSTa ho aise svAda, zRMgAra aura manoraMjana ke lie mAnava anya prANiyoM kA saMhAra nahIM kregaa| isa cintana kA vyApaka vikAsa hogA ki pRthvI para anya bhI haiN| sirpha maiM aura merA bhaviSya hI merA viSaya nahIM hai| kintu yaha saba bhI tabhI saMbhava hai jaba tAmasikatA kA abhAva ho aura sAtvikatA kA saMcAra ho| saMkIrNa cintana aura ghAtaka nItiyA~ bhAratavarSa meM jahA~ eka tarapha zuddha viveka saMgata vijJAna aura dharma prAcIna samaya se vidyamAna haiM vahIM dUsarI tarapha aneka sUtroM kI tathA anya

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dazama adhyAya 137 dhArmika mAnyatAoM kI svArthaparaka vyAkhyAe~ karake mUka pazuoM kI bali dekara unakI hatyA karanA, dhArmika kaTTaratA kA AsarA lekara usI ke nAma para asaMkhya pazuoM kI bali denA aura unakA mAMsa khAkara svayaM ko puNyazAlI mAnanA, bar3e-bar3e hoTaloM, resToreMToM meM Adhunika jIvana paddhati kA mUla aMga mAnakara taraha-taraha ke mAMsa vyaMjana ko bar3hAvA, TI.vI. para mAMsAhArI vyaMjana banAne kI vidhi sikhalAnA, kyA hameM socane para vivaza nahIM karatA hai? pazu-pakSI prakRti ke abhinna aMga haiN| ye yadi isI prakAra naSTa hote rahe to prAkRtika saMtulana to bigar3egA hI aura paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa bhI bddh'egaa| hamArI AtmaghAtaka nItiyA~ aura amAnavIya kRtvoM ke sabase bar3e namUne haiM ye pazu katla kaarkhaane| pratidina hajAroM gAyoM, bhaisoM kA DibbA baMda mAMsa niryAta ke lie tathA camar3e kI vastue~ banAne ke lie katla karanA ina katlakArakhAnoM kI dinacaryA hai| sarakAra kI ora se prakAzita paryAvaraNa viSayaka granthoM meM kyA kabhI isa viSaya para cintana kiyA gayA hai? yaha mahattvapUrNa aura gahana vicAraNIya viSaya hai ki hamAre dUdha-dahI ke prAkRtika srotoM ko mAMsAhAra ke nAma para samApta kiyA gayA to hamArA paryAvaraNa kaise saMtulita rahegA? yaha to pratyakSa siddha hai ki mAMsAhAra ke binA jIvana svastha aura sAnanda vyatIta ho sakatA hai| mAMsAhAra mAtra phaizana aura jIbha ke svAda ke lie kiyA jAtA hai na ki jIvana-yApana ke lie| cintanIya prazna yaha hai ki Aja jabaki hamArA aisA karanA paryAvaraNa prakRti ke lie bhI ghAtaka ho rahA hai taba itanA Agraha kyoM? svAbhAvika AhAra zAkAhAra zAkAhAra manuSya kA mUlabhUta svAbhAvika AhAra hai| vaha usake vikAsa kA jIvanta sAkSya hai| hama use ahiMsA, karuNA, svAsthya, svacchatA mUlaka mAnavIya AhAra nirUpita kara sakate haiN| zAkAhAra mAtra AhAra hI nahIM hai, vaha eka aisI suvikasita jIvana-zailI hai, jisakI jar3eM bhAratIya samAja aura saMskRti meM bahuta gaharI aura saghana haiN| hiMsA aura krUratA ko jIvana se kramazaH alaga karate jAne kI gaurava-kathA zAkAhAra hai|

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138 ahiMsA darzana nayI khojoM ke anusAra vAnara-purakhoM ke jo jIvAzma (phaoNsilsa) mile haiM, unase siddha huA hai ki 45 lAkha varSa pUrva mAnava-vaMzaja bhI phalAhArI thaa| hamAre graha para Aja se 3 araba 50 karor3a varSa pUrva jIvana kI zuruAta huI thii| jIvanadhAriyoM kA pUrvaja DAyanAsora, jo Aja se 10 karor3a varSa pUrva isa graha para astitva meM thA, pUrNa zAkAhArI (tRNa-bhojI) thaa| isa bhImakAya jIvadhArI ke jIvAzma upalabdha haiN| isa prakAra zAkAhAra ahiMsA-karuNAmUlaka nIti-vijJAna samasta jIvana-paddhati hai-eka aisI jIvana-paddhati jo anupAlaka ko nirvighna prasanna rakhate hue usake samakAlIna jIvadhAriyoM ko bhI niSkaNTaka AvAsa jIvana pAne kA avasara pradAna karatI hai| zAkAhAra mAtra zarIra ko hI svasthya nahIM rakhatA, apitu AtmA ko bhI svasthya evaM UrdhvagAmI rakhatA hai| mAMsAhAra mAnavatA ke viruddha hai manuSya samAja ko girAne vAlI anekoM duSpravRttiyA~ haiM, parantu mAMsAhAra unameM se sabase adhika ghRNita hai| isase manuSya meM niSThuratA, krUratA, nirdayatA, svArtha-sAdhana Adi samAja virodhI pravRttiyoM kI abhivRddhi hotI hai| karuNA, dayA, kSamA, saMvedanA, sahAnubhUti tathA sauhArdra jaise AdhyAtmika guNa naSTa ho jAte haiM aura aise vyakti apane svAda, svAsthya evaM svArtha ke lie bar3e se bar3A aparAdha karane meM bhI saMkoca nahIM krte| jisa samAja meM aise anAtmavAdI vyakti vidyamAna hoM, usameM mAnavatA ke guNoM kI abhivRddhi kI AzA kaise kI jA sakatI hai? samAja-manovijJAniyoM kA kahanA hai ki mAMsa-bhojana mAnavatA kI sthApanA evaM sthiratA ke lie bahuta bar3I bAdhA hai| yaha saba jAnate haiM ki eka sukhI samAja ke lie svasthya guNoM ke nAgarikoM kA honA kitanA Avazyaka hai| vyakti kA sadguNI honA usake Antarika sadAcAra para nirbhara hai, arthAt sabhya samAja kI racanA tabhI ho sakatI hai jaba logoM ke mana svaccha hoN|

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dazama adhyAya 139 yadyapi pAzcAtya manovijJAnI isa tathya ko AMzika rUpa se hI jAna pAye haiM, parantu bhAratIya tattvadarzI RSi-muniyoM ne isa bAta ko bahuta pahale hI acchI taraha jAna liyA thA ki hamArA mana anna yA AhAra kA sUkSma saMskAra hai| isalie unhoMne AhAra kI sAtvikatA para bahuta jora diyA hai| usake anusAra manuSya ke AhAra kA jo guNa hogA, usake mana meM bhI vaise hI guNoM kA, vicAroM kA janma hogA aura jaise logoM ke vicAra hoMge, AcaraNa bhI vaise hI hoNge| isa vaijJAnika tathya kI samagra jAnakArI ke bAda hI svaccha sAtvika AhAra grahaNa karane kI AvazyakatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA thA aura bhojana vyavasthA ko aneka kar3e niyamoM se pratibandhita kara diyA gayA thaa| AhAra kA anusandhAna bhojana kI svacchatA, sAdagI, saphAI aura use bhAvanApUrvaka grahaNa karane kI bhAratIya praNAlI kevala manovaijJAnika hI nahIM thI, varan vaha vicAravijJAna kI gahana kasauTI para kasI huI thii| yadi mAnava ke nirmANa meM usakI pravRttiyoM ke banane meM bhojana kA koI prabhAva na hotA to manISIjana usakI khoja, guNa-avaguNa kI upayogitA evaM anupayogitA para itanA gahana anveSaNa na karate aura hamAre una prAcIna pippalAdi RSi, kaNAd RSi jaise mahAmanISiyoM ko prAkRtika zAkAhAra se apanI kSudhA ko zAnta karane kI vivazatA na rahI hotii| AhAra kA mAnavIya manovRttiyoM para par3ane vAle prabhAva para anusaMdhAnarata cikitsA-vijJAniyoM ne niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki mAMsAhAra se manuSya kI manovRttiyA~ krUra, dussAhasI, nirdaya aura niSThura bana jAtI haiN| ina durguNoM kI abhivRddhi se samAja bhI nizcita rUpa se prabhAvita hotA hai| jo vyakti mAMsa ke Tukar3oM ke lie jIvoM para dayA nahIM kara sakatA, vaha apane patnI baccoM ke prati kitanA dayAlu hogA, kahA nahIM jA sktaa| aisI bhI paristhitiyA~ A sakatI haiM jaba anna na mile aura taba mAMsabhakSI vyakti sajAtiyoM ko hI apanA grAsa banAne lage, to Azcarya kisa bAta kA? eka bAra akhabAra meM eka citra prakAzita huA thA jisameM videza ke kisI paMca sitArA hoTala kA

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140 ahiMsA darzana beTara eka bar3I taztarI meM pake huye eka navajAta mAnava zizu ko parosane le jA rahA thaa| yaha ghaTanA to taba kI hai jaba anna paryApta mAtrA meM upalabdha hai| usa citra ko dekhakara kaI dinoM taka maiM caina se so taka na skaa| svAsthya rakSA kI dRSTi se bhI mAMsa manuSya kA svAbhAvika AhAra nahIM hai| mAMsa bhakSaNa se sAmayika uttejanA aura zakti kA anubhava ho sakatA hai, parantu svAsthya ko sthAyI rUpa se sudRr3ha aura kAryakSama banAne ke lie use kabhI adhika mahattva nahIM diyA jA sktaa| isa sambandha meM kevala bhAratIya manISI yA zAstra hI paryApta prakAza nahIM DAlate, varan vartamAna samaya meM yUropa aura amerikA ke mUrdhanya vaijJAnikoM, zarIra-zAstra vettAoM aura prasiddha DAkTaroM ne bhI jo khoja, parIkSaNa evaM anubhava kiye haiM aura jo niSkarSa nikAle haiM, unase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki mAMsAhAra svAsthya kI samasyA kA sthAyI hala nahIM kara sktaa| usase aneka prakAra kI zArIrika-mAnasika bImAriyAM hI upajatI haiN| prANa UrjA, zarIra aura AhAra sRSTi kI sarvamUlyavAna kRti hai mAnava shriir| jIvana kA spandana zarIra ke mAdhyama se hI mukharita ho sakatA hai| AtmA kA AdhAra bhI zarIra hI hai| manuSya zarIra meM zvAsa, indriya, prANa, mana, citta, bhAva, karma, aura cetanA ke samanvita rUpa se hI jIvana sumana surakSita ho rahA hai| isa saMsAra se karma kA AdhAra hai shriir| paudgalika sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti bhI isI ke mAdhyama se hotI hai| jIvana kI pravRtti aura nivRtti ke patha para agrasara hone hetu tapa, sAdhanA, mauna va dhyAna kA mArga bhI isI zarIra dvArA prazasta hotA hai| prANazakti kA poSaNa bhojana para AdhArita hai| bhojana se UrjA prApta hotI hai| UrjA hamAre zarIra kA paoNvara hAusa hai, jo prANa se parivartita hotA hai| rogANuoM tathA roga se lar3ane ke lie pratyeka prANI tathA vanaspati meM vaha divya jIvanIzakti prakRti ne kUTa-kUTa kara bhara rakhI hai| pratyeka sajIva usa divya jIvanI zakti ko lekara paidA hotA hai| jagat meM jo bhI sukha, svAsthya evaM saundarya kI abhivyakti hai, vaha usa divya jIvanI zakti ke kAraNa hai| isa

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dazama adhyAya 141 janmadAtA svAbhAvika jIvanI zakti ko necurala imyUna sisTama kahate haiN| Adhunika AyurvijJAna zarIra ko rogamukta evaM svasthya rakhane vAlI zakti ko prAkRtika ilekTromaigneTika imyUna yA bAyo ilekTro maigneTika vAyaTala phorsa bhI kahA hai| isI zakti ke dvArA dila dhar3akatA hai, dimAga kampyUTara se bhI adhika teja tathA saMvedanazIlatA ke sAtha kArya karatA hai| phephar3e kriyAzIla bane rahate haiN| khUna raga-raga meM daur3atA hai| sAMsoM kI thirakana, nAr3I kA spandana, snAyuoM kI saMcAra vyavasthA, yakRta, AMta, plIhA, gurde, antaHsrAvI graMthiyAM Adi aneka kAryoM kA susaMcAlana, niyamana tathA niyaMtraNa isI jIvanIzakti para nirbhara karatA hai| jaba yaha zakti samApta ho jAtI hai to jIvana-jyoti bujha jAtI hai| svAsthya kI dRSTi se jIvanI zakti kI hetubhUta paryAptiyoM aura prANoM ke sAtha mana kA bhI bahuta mahattva hai| mana ke dvArA hI bhAvoM kA vizuddhikaraNa ho sakatA hai aura mana kI zuddhi ke lie AhAra kI zuddhi Avazyaka hai| mana svastha to zarIra svastha aura mana kI nirmalatA kA AdhAra hai shaakaahaar| ata: hameM dRr3hatApUrvaka vizuddha zAkAhAra ko hI apanI jIvanazailI kA mukhya aMga banA lenA caahie| zAkAhAra aura AdhunikatA tAmasikatA vinAza kA kAraNa hai| isase paryAvaraNa zuddhi aura rASTra ke vikAsa aura kalyANa kI bhAvanA vilupta ho jAtI hai| aisA lagane lagA hai ki hama pahale se bhI kahIM adhika ugra aura dRSTihInatA ke yuga meM jI rahe haiN| mAMsAhAra ke samarthakoM meM bahutoM kA kathana yaha bhI hai ki vartamAna yuga kI jaTilatAoM meM jIne vAlA vyakti sAtvika raha hI nahIM sktaa| yadi vaha kalayuga meM ucca samAja meM rahanA cAhatA hai to phaizana ke rUpa meM to mAMsAhAra ko apanAnA hI hogaa| aise hI kucha vicAra bhramita vyaktiyoM ke mastiSka meM utpanna hokara samAja meM saMkrAMta bhAva paidA karate haiN| sAmAjika stara para yaha dhAraNAeM puSTa hotI haiM aura hara vyakti kA vizvAsa dRr3ha ho jAtA hai ki starIya

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142 ahiMsA darzana jIvana jIne ke lie kucha anaitika dhAraNAeM upakrama ke rUpa meM apanAnI hI hotI haiN| yadi vAstavikatA dekhI jAe to ye yuga aura paristhiti kA bahAnA durbala manovRtti kA sUcaka hai| mAnava mana kI durbalatA acchI se acchI paristhiti meM bhI vyakti ko kartavyoM se skhalita kara detI hai aura yadi usakA mana prabala ho to vaha kisI bhI sthiti se nipaTane kA sAhasa juTA letA hai| vizva meM vividha prakAra kI vanaspatiyA~ manuSya ke upayoga ke lie hI to haiM phira bhI yadi hama unake sthAna para dUsare prANiyoM ko AhAra banAte haiM to prakRti ke saMtulana aura paryAvaraNa ke sAtha khilavAr3a hI karate haiN| astitva meM jIvanadhArI aura prakRti kI asmitA ko svIkAranA hamArA viveka dharma hai| vastutaH bAta daraasala yaha hai ki Aja hama itihAsa ke eka aise saMvedanazIla mor3a para A khar3e hue haiM jahA~ acche-bure, khare-khoTe ke bAre meM socanA lagabhaga Thappa par3A hai| yadi hama vAstava meM cAhate haiM ki svastha jIvana rahe, naitika jIvana rahe, aura prAkRtika saMtulana rahe to zAkAhAra ke samarthana meM hameM svastha janamata taiyAra karanA hogaa| isa bAta se nakArA nahIM jA sakatA ki zAkAhAra bhAratIya saMskRti kA mukhya aMga rahA hai| vedoM se lekara mahAvIra buddha ke samaya ko pAra karate hue mahAtmA gAMdhI ke jIvana aura vANI meM hameM isakI gUMja sadA milatI hai| hameM bhAratIya saMskRti aura vizva kI pragatizIla saMskRti ko dekhate hue parivAra ke choTe-bar3oM ko samajhAnA cAhie ki zAkAhArI honA sabhyapragati aura surakSita zuddha prakRti kI ora kadama bar3hAnA hai| tAki hiMsA ke bar3hate hue kadama rukeM prakRti surakSita rahe aura amana caina, sukUna, zAMti aura hamArA astitva baca ske| kisI kavi ne bahuta marmavedanApUrvaka kahA haibhUkha miTAne ke lie kAphI haiM caMda roTiyA~, phira manuja kyoM khAtA hai pazuoM kI boTiyA~ ?

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pariziSTa-1 madhyakAlIna bhAratIya santa aura ahiMsA bhArata ke santoM ne jo hindI sAhitya meM bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiM, apanI sarala kintu sAragarmita tathA marmasparzI vANI ke dvArA bhAratIya samAja ko hiMsAtmaka pAkhaNDoM, vyartha ke kriyAkANDoM tathA rUr3hiyoM se nijAta dilAne kA bahuta bar3A kAma kiyA thaa| sirpha hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM hI nahIM varan Aja bhI bhAratIya janamAnasa meM kabIra, ravidAsa, dAdU, rajjaba, malUkadAsa, tukArAma Adi aneka saMta kaviyoM ke nAma svarNa akSaroM meM aMkita haiN| inakI vizeSatA thI ki ye kisI sampradAya se ba~dhe huye nahIM the| jIvana ke choTe-choTe anubhavoM se jur3akara kAvya kA sarjana karate the aura janamAnasa ko samajhAte the| unake inhIM anubhavoM kA saMkalana eka naye mAnava darzana kI pRSThabhUmi bana gyaa| hindU ho yA musalamAna, sabhI dharmoM meM vyApta burAIyoM kI jamakara AlocanA karate the| inake dohe, chanda Aja bhI bhArata ke kaNa kaNa meM tathA kaNThoM-kaNThoM meM vyApta haiM aura samAja tathA manuSya ko jIvana kI saccI rAha batAte rahate haiN| ina saMtoM ne ahiMsA dharma para nizchalatA pUrvaka vicAra kiyA aura pAyA ki samAja meM dharma ke nAma para mAMsAhAra ko prazraya milA huA hai jo ki sabase bar3A adhArmika kRtya hai aura naraka kA dvAra hai| kabIra ne to musalamAnoM tathA karmakANDiyoM donoM ko phaTakAra lagAyI dina ko rojA rahata hai, rAta hanata hai gaay| yeha khUna vaha bandagI, kahu kyoM khusI khudaay|| ajAmedha, gomedha jagya, asvamedha, nrmedh| kahahi kabIra adharama ko, dharama batAve bed||' 1. santa kabIra, (sAkhiyA~)-sampAdaka- zAntiseThI, prakA. rAdhAsvAmI satsaMga vyAsa paMjAba, dasavAM saMskaraNa - 2003, pR. saM. 295

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ahiMsA darzana bhagavAn mahAvIra ne IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI pUrva se hI prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI paramparA ko akSuNNa rakhate huye ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAyeM kIM aura jIva hiMsA hI sabase bar3A adharma hai isa bAta kI ghoSaNA bhI kii| cAhe kitanA bhI bar3A dharma kyoM na ho, acchAIyA~ aura burAIyA~ hara dharma meM upasthita ho jAtI haiN| dharma apane Apa meM eka pavitra tIrtha hai kintu usako dhAraNa karane vAle anuyAyI vyaktigata kamajoriyoM ko dharma kA jAmA pahanA kara use vyAkhyAyita karate haiM aura svayaM ke doSoM kA Aropa dharma yA sampradAya para A jAtA hai| dharma se inhIM kamiyoM ko dUra karane ke lie aneka mahAtmAoM ne AlocanAyeM kI haiM aura yahI kAraNa hai ki dharma una daladaloM se thor3A-bahuta to baca paayaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jo ahiMsA aura zAkAhAra kA sandeza diyA usakA jabarajasta prabhAva pUre bhAratIya janamAnasa para pdd'aa| usake svara jaina paramparA meM to gUMje hI, anya paramparAoM ne bhI isa zAzvata mUlya kI saharSa svIkRti dI aura use apnaayaa| 144 saMta ravidAsa jI kahate haiM ki jIva kI hatyA karake koI paramAtmA ko kaise pA sakatA hai ? kyA mahAtmA, paigambara yA fakIra koI bhI yaha bAta (hatyAroM ko samajhAtA nahIM hai? 'ravidAsa' jIva kUM mAri kara, kaiso milahi khudAya / pIra paigaMbara auliA, kou na kahadU samujhAya // ve Age kahate haiM 2. 3. 'ravidAsa' mUMDaha kATi kari, mUrakha kahata hlaal| galA kaTAvahu ApanA, tau kA hoihi hAla / / ravidAsa jI kahate haiM ki prANiyoM kA sira kATakara mUrkha loga use 'halAla' (dharmAnukUla hiMsA) kahate haiN| jarA apanA sira kaTAkara dekho ki isa taraha sira kaTAne se tumhArA kyA hAla hotA hai ? ravidAsa darzana, sAkhI 182, prakA. rAdhAsvAmI satsaMga vyAsa, paMjAba vahI, sAkhI 184

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pariziSTa 145 isI prakAra anya kavi santoM ne bhI jIva hatyA kA ghanaghora virodha kiyA hai| saMta dAdU kahate haiM (dAdU) gala kATe kalamA bharai, ayA bicArA diin| pA~coM bakhata nimAja gujArai, syAbita nahIM akIna / / saMta kabIradAsa jI kahate haiM mUragI mullA se kahai, jibaha karata hai mohiM / sAhiba lekhA mA~gAsI, saMkaTa parihai tohiM / 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. barabasa Anikai gAya pachArina, galA kATi jiva Apa liA / jiata jIva murdA kara dvArA, tisako kahate halAla huaa| saMta ravidAsa kahate haiM ki 'ravidAsa' jo Apana heta hI, para ke mArana jaaii| mAlika ke dara jAi kari, bhogahiM kar3I sajAI / prANI badha kA kar3A niSedha karate huye ve kahate haiM kiprAnI badha nahiM kIjiyahi, jIvaha brahma samAna / 'ravidAsa' pApa naMha chUTai, karora gauna kari dAna / / jIvoM kI hatyA na karo, jIva brahma ke samAna hai ( jIva meM brahma kA vAsa hai)| ravidAsa jI kahate haiM ki karor3oM gaue~ dAna karane para bhI jIva hatyA kA pApa nahIM chuutttaa| gAyeM dAna karane se bhI jIva hiMsA kA pApa nahIM chUTatA yaha samajhAte huye kabIradAsa jI ne bhI kahA dAdU dayAla kI bAnI, bhAga 1, sAca : 14 savI kabIra (sakhiyA~), pR. 295 kabIra sAhiba kA bIjaka, pR. 58 ravidAsa darzana, sAkhI 185 vahI, sAkhI 186 -

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146 ahiMsA darzana tilabhara macharI khAikai, koTi gaU dai daan| kAsI, karavata lai mare, tau hU naraka nidaan||' sabhI jIva samAna haiM ataH kisI bhI jIva kA vadha nahIM karanA cAhie- yaha bAta kabIra ravidAsa tathA dAdU Adi sabhI saMtoM ne mAnA hai- ve kahate haiM 'ravidAsa' jIva mata mArahiM, ika sAhiba sabha maahi| sabha maoNhi ekau AtmA, dUsaraha kou naaNhi|| kabIra ke zabdoM meM jau sama bhahi eku khudAi kahata hau tau kiu muragI maarai|" dAdU kahate haiMkAhe kauM duHkha dIjiye, sAIM hai saba maahi| dAdU ekai AtmA, dUjA koI naaNhi||2 (dAdU) kou kAhU jIva kI, karai AtamA ghaat| sAca kahU~ saMsA nahIM, so prANI dojagi jaat|| jo jIva mAMsa khAte haiM unheM naraka meM jAnA par3atA hai yaha bAta kabIra aura ravidAsa donoM mAnate haiM ravidAsa kahate haiM apanaha gIva kaTAihiM, jau mAMsa parAyA khaay| 'ravidAsa' mAMsa jau khAta haiM, te nara narakahiM jaay||4 9. santakabIra (sakhiyA~), pR. 294 10. ravidAsadarzana, sAkhI - 188 Adigrantha, pR. 1350 12. dAdU dayAla kI bAnI, bhAga - 1, bayA nirvairatA - 13 13. vahI, sAMca-4 14. ravidAsa darzana, sAkhI-189 11.

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pariziSTa 147 eka aura dohA dekhie dayAbhAva hiradai nahIM, bhakhahiM parAyA maas| te nara naraka maha jAihiM, satta bhASai rvidaas| kabIra dAsa jI kahate haiM mAMsa mAMsa saba eka hai, muragI hiranI gaay| A~khi dekhi nara khAta haiM, te nara narakahiM jaay||6 eka aura dohA dekhiekabIra pApI pUjA baisi kari, bhakhai mAMsa mada doi| tinakI dekhI mukti nahIM, koTi naraka phala hoi||" ravidAsa jI to spaSTa kahate haiM ki jo apane zarIra ke poSaNa ke lie gAya, bakarI Adi kA mAMsa khAte haiM, ve kabhI bhI svarga kI prApti nahIM kara sakate, cAhe ve kitanI hI bAra namAz2a kyoM na par3hate raheM 'ravidAsa' jau poSaNaha heta, gau bakarI nita khaay| paDhaIM namAjai rAta dina, tabahu~ bhista na paay|| unake anya dohe bhI aisA hI kaTAkSa karate haiM 'ravidAsa' jibhyA svAda basa, jau mAMsa machariyA khaay| nAhaka jIva mArana badala, Apana sIsa kttaay||" 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. jIvata kU mUradA karahiM, aka khAihiM murdaar| muradA sama sabha hoihiM, kahi ravidAsa' vicaar| vahI, sAkhI - 190 saMta kabIra sakhiyA~, pR. 294 vahI, pR. 295 ravidAsadarzana, sAkhI-183 vahI, sAkhI- 187 vahI, sAkhI-191

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148 ahiMsA darzana arthAt jo jIvita ko murdA kara detA hai aura murde ko khAte haiM ve sabhI murde jaise hI ho jaayeNge| bhAratIya vicAradhArA kA prabhAva sirpha bhArata taka sImita nahIM rahA balki yaha videzoM meM bhI pdd'aa| IrAna meM zuddha zAkAhArI kalandara sampradAya ke eka saMta ne phArasI bhASA meM eka padya likhA hai jisameM bali para car3hate huye bakare kA bayAna abhivyakta huA hai zuNIdA ama ki kassAba gosaphande gupt| dAraM jamAM kA giluyaza-va-tega teja buriid|| sajAe hara khAsva-o khare ki khurada daadN| kaMse ki pahalue cakhaM khurada ne khriidu| arthAt eka bAra maiMne sunA ki bakare kI garadana para jaba kasAI ne tez2a churI calAnA cAhA to bakare ne usase kahA ki bhAI maiM to dekha rahA hU~ ki harI ghAsa aura hare paudhe khAne kI saz2A mujhe mila rahI hai aura merI garadana kATI jA rahI hai| aba kasvAva bhAI, z2arA soco to usa vyakti kA kyA hAla hogA, jo merA mA~sa khAyegA? isI prakAra aura bhI aneka padya haiM jinameM ahiMsA zAkAhAra kA sandeza kaviyoM ne janatA janArdana ko diyaa| jaina tIrthaMkaroM aura jainAcAryoM kI vANI kA prabhAva ina kaviyoM para spaSTa dekhA jA sakatA hai| yaha bAta bhI sahI hai ki zAkAhAra ke pAlana ke sandarbha meM jitanI dRr3hatA jainadharma ke anuyAyiyoM ne dikhalAyI utanI anya ne nahIM dikhlaayii| mAnavIya mUlyoM kI rakSA karane meM jainadharma aura usakI AcAra paddhati kA apratima yogadAna mAnava jAti ke Upara rahA hai yaha bAta kaviyoM ke ina dohoM meM bhI pratibimbita hotI hai| 21. paramapuruSArtha ahiMsA, pRSTha 40

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pariziSTa-2 islAma para ahiMsA kA prabhAva bhArata sadAkAla se ahiMsA, zAkAhAra, samanvaya aura sadAcAra kA himAyatI rahA hai, usakI koziza rahI hai ki sabhI jIva sukha se raheM / 'jio aura jIne do' - jainadharma kA mUlamaMtra hai| jainadharma ne apane isa udAravAdI siddhAntoM se mulka ke tathA videzI mulkoM ke hara majahaba aura tabake ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| ilAhAbAda se prakAzita hone vAlI patrikA 'vizva vANI' ke yazasvI sampAdaka pUrva rAjyapAla tathA itihAsa vizeSajJa DaoN. vizambaranAtha pANDeya ne apane eka nibandha ahiMsaka paramparA" meM isa bAta kA jikra kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki 'isa samaya jo aitihAsika ullekha upalabdha haiM, unase yaha spaSTa hai ki IsavI san kI pahalI zatabdI meM aura usake bAda ke 1000 varSoM taka jainadharma madhya-pUrva ke dezoM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM yahUdI, IsAI tathA islAma ko prabhAvita karatA rahA hai| 4 prasiddha jarmana itihAsa lekhaka vAna kremara ke anusAra 'madhya-pUrva' meM pracalita 'samAniyA' sampradAya 'zramaNa' zabda kA apabhraMza hai itihAsa lekhaka jI.epha. mUra ke anusAra 'hajarata' IsA kI janma zatAbdI se pUrva irAka, zAma aura philistIna meM jaina muni aura bauddha bhikSu saikar3oM kI saMkhyA meM cAroM tarapha phaile hue the| pazcimI eziyA, misra, yUnAna aura ithiyopiyA ke pahAr3oM aura jaGgaloM meM una dinoM agaNita bhAratIya sAdhu rahate the jo apane tyAga aura apanI vidyA ke lie mazahUra the, ye sAdhu vastroM taka kA tyAga kiye huye the|' arthAt ve digambara the| 'siyAhata nAmae nAsira' kA lekhaka likhatA hai ki islAma dharma ke kalandarI tabake para jaina dharma kA kAphI prabhAva par3A thaa| kalandaroM kI jamAta hukumacanda abhinandana graMtha, pR. 372 se 376 1.

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150 ahiMsA darzana parivrAjakoM kI jamAta thii| koI kalandara do rAta se adhika eka ghara meM na rahatA thaa| kalandara cAra niyamoM kA pAlana karate the-sAdhutA, zuddhatA, satyatA aura dridrtaa| ve ahiMsA para akhaNDa vizvAsa rakhate the| DaoN. kAmatA prasAda jaina apane eka nibandha 'videzI saMskRtiyoM meM ahiMsA" me likhate haiM ki 'madhyakAla meM jaina dArzanikoM kA eka saMgha bagadAda meM jama gayA thA, jisake sadasyoM ne vahA~ karuNA aura dayA, tyAga aura vairAgya kI gaMgA bahA dI thii| siyAhata nAmae nAsira' ke lekhaka kI mAnyatA thI ki islAma dharma ke kalandara tabake para jainadharma kA kAphI prabhAva par3A thaa| ve loga apane prANoM kI bAjI lagAkara bhI ahiMsA kA pAlana karate the, aise aneka udAharaNa bhI milate haiN| zrI vizambharanAtha pANDeya likhate haiM ki eka bAra do kalandara muni bagadAda meM Akara tthhre| unake sAmane eka zutarmurga kisI kA hIroM kA hAra nigala gyaa| sivAya kalandaroM ke kisI ne yaha bAta nahIM dekhii| hAra kI khoja zurU huii| kotavAloM ko kalandara muniyoM para sandeha huaa| muniyoM ne mUka pakSI ke sAtha vizvAsaghAta karanA ucita nahIM smjhaa| unhoMne svayaM kotavAloM kI pratAr3anA sahana kara lI lekina zuturamurga ke prANoM kI rakSA kii| DA. kAmatA prasAda likhate haiM ki 'alaviyA phirke ke loga haz2arata alI kI aulAda se the-ve bhI mAMsa nahIM khAte the aura jIva dayA ko pAlate the| IsA kI 9vIM-10vIM zatI meM abbAsI khalIphAoM ke darabAra meM bhAratIya paNDitoM aura sAdhuoM ko bar3e Adara se nimaMtrita kiyA jAtA thaa| inameM jaina aura bauddha sAdhu bhI hote the| isa sAMskRtika saMparka kA suphala yaha huA ki IrAna meM adhyAtmavAda jagA aura jIva dayA kI dhArA bhii|' ve likhate haiM ki prAcInakAla meM aphagAnistAna to bhArata kA hI eka aMga thA aura vahA~ jaina evaM bauddha dharmoM kA pracAra hone se ahiMsA kA 1. paramapuruSArtha ahiMsA, pR. 14-19

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pariziSTa 151 acchA pracAra thaa| I. 6vIM 7vIM zatAbdI meM cInI yAtrI henasAMga ko vahA~ aneka digambara jaina muni mile the| araba kA ullekha jaina AgamoM meM milatA hai| bhArata se araba kA vyApAra calatA thA / jAdisa araba kA eka bar3A vyApArI thA - bhArata se usakA vyApAra khUba hotA thA / bhAratIya vyApArI bhI araba jAte the| jAdisa kA mitra eka bhAratIya vaNika thaa| vaha dhyAnI yogI kI mUrti bhI apane sAtha araba lAyA aura usakI pUjA karatA / jAdisa bhI prabhAvita ho pUjA karane lgaa| maurya samrATa samprati ne jaina zramaNoM, bhikSuoM ke vihAra kI vyavasthA araba aura IrAna meM kI, jinhoMne vahA~ ahiMsA kA pracAra kiyaa| bahuta se arava jainI ho gaye, kintu pArasa nareza kA AkramaNa hone para jaina bhikSu aura zrAvaka bhArata cale aaye| ye loga dakSiNa bhArata meM basa gaye aura 'solaka' arabI jaina khlaaye|' ve Age likhate haiM ki- 'san 998 I. ke lagabhaga bhArata se karIba bIsa sAdhu saMnyAsiyoM kA dala pazcima eziyA ke dezoM meM pracAra karane gayA / unake sAtha jaina tyAgI bhI gae, jo cikitsaka bhI the| inhoMne ahiMsA kA khAsA pracAra una dezoM meM kiyaa| san 1024 ke lagabhaga yaha dala punaH zAnti kA sandeza lekara videza gayA aura dUra dUra kI janatA ko ahiMsaka bnaayaa| jaba yaha dala svadeza lauTa rahA thA to ise araba ke tattvajJAnI kavi abula alA ala maArI se bheMTa huyI / jarmana vidvAn phrAna kremara ne abula - alA ko 'sarvazreSTha sadAcArI zAstrI aura santa kahA hai|' abula alA guru kI khoja meM ghUmate-ghUmate jaba bagadAda pahu~ce, to bagadAda ke jaina dArzanikoM ke sAtha unakA samAgama huA thA aura unhoMne jainazikSA grahaNa kI thI / isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki abula alA pUre ahiMsAvAdI yogI ho gye| ve kevala annAhAra karate the| dUdha nahIM lete the, kyoMki bachar3e ke dUdha ko lenA ve pApa samajhate the bahudhA ve nirAhAra rahakara upavAsa karate the / kAmatA prasAda jI likhate haiM ki ve zahada aura aNDA bhI

Page #154
152 ahiMsA darzana nahIM khAte the| pagarakhI lakar3I kI pahanate the| camar3e kA prayoga nahIM karate the| naMge rahane kI sarAhanA karate the, sacamuca ve dayA kI mUrti the| DaoN. vizambhara nAtha pANDeya ne unake eka bhajana kA artha likhA hai, jisase jJAta hotA hai ki sabhI jIva jantuoM yahA~ taka ki kIr3e-makor3oM ke prati bhI ve aparisIma karuNAparAyaNa the| unake bhajana kA bhAvArtha hai- 'vRthA pazuhiMsA meM kyoM jIvana kalaMkita karate ho| becAre vanavAsI pazuoM kA kyoM niSThura bhAva se saMhAra karate ho| hiMsA sabase bar3A kukarma hai| bali ke pazuoM kA AhAra mata banAo aNDe aura machaliyA~ bhI mata khaao| ina saba kukarmoM se hamane apane hAtha dho DAle haiN| vAstava meM Age jAkara na badhi rahegA aura na bdhy| kAza ki bali pakane se pahale maiMne ina bAtoM ko samajha liyA hotaa|' jIva dayA kA yaha cintana kuraAna majIda meM bhI prakaTa huA hai| 'ana-nasla' meM 23 AyateM haiM jo makkA meM utarIM thiiN| unameM eka prasaGga bar3A mahattvapUrNa hai "sulaimAna ke lie usakI senAyeM ekatra kI gayIM jinameM jinna bhI the aura mAnava bhI, aura pakSI bhI, aura unheM niyaMtrita rakhA jAtA thA; yahA~ taka ki jaba ye saba cyU~TiyoM kI ghATI meM pahu~ce, to eka cyU~TI ne kahA : he cyU~TiyoM! apane gharoM meM ghusa jAo aisA na ho ki sulaimAna aura unakI senAyeM tumheM kucala DAleM aura unheM khabara bhI na ho|" isI pRSTha para nIce sandarbha meM likhA hai ki cyU~TiyoM kI bAta koI suna nahIM pAtA; parantu allAha ne hasarata sulaimAna a. ko cyU~TiyoM kI AvAz2a sunane kI zakti pradAna kI thii|" kuraAna majIda kA yaha prasaGga isalie saMvedanazIla hai ki saMsAra ke choTe se prANI cIMTI kI bhI hRdaya vedanA kI AvAja ko sazakta abhivyakti dekara isa grantha meM ukerA gayA hai| yaha ahiMsaka bhAvanA kI sazakta abhivyakti hai| hameM aise prasaGgoM ko ujAgara karake sAmane lAnA cAhie tAki ahiMsA ke prati musalamAnoM kA vizvAsa aura bddh'e| 1. kuraAna majIda, pAra-12, sUra-27 'ana-nasla' pR. 424

Page #155
pariziSTa 153 bAda meM sUphI kaviyoM ne bhI apanI racanAoM meM unhIM AdhyAtmika cetanA ko AvAz2a dI jo jaina paramparA kI amUlya maulika dharohara rahI hai| eka udAharaNa prastuta hai tA na garadada naphsa tAbe ruharA, kaida vA yAvI dile mjruuhraa| murge jA~ az2a hatse tana yAvada rihA, gara bateg lakuzI IM aj'hdaa|| arthAt jaba taka ki naphsa (indriyA~) AtmA ke vaza meM nahIM hotI, taba taka hRdaya kA AtApa-santApa dUra nahIM ho sakatA, zarIra sambandha se bhI AtmA mukta ho jAye, yadi isa ajadahe (naphsa) ko vairAgya ke khaDga se mAra DAlA jaay|' ___ DaoN. vizambhara likhate haiM ki 'sAleha bina abdula kuddUsa bhI eka ahiMsAvAdI parivrAjaka muni thA jise usake krAMtikArI vicAroM ke kAraNa san 793 I. meM sUlI para car3hA diyA gyaa| akula atAhiyA, jarIra, ibna hajma, hammAda ajarada, yUnAna bina hArUna alI bina qhalIla aura barazAra apane samaya ke prasiddha ahiMsAvAdI nirgranthI phakIra the|' ve Age likhate haiM ki navamI aura dazamI zatAbdiyoM meM abbAsI khalIphAoM ke darabAra meM bhAratIya paMDitoM aura sAdhuoM ko Adara ke sAtha nimaMtrita kiyA jAtA thaa| inameM bauddha aura jaina sAdhu bhI rahate the| ibna-ana najIma likhatA hai ki-'araboM ke zAsanakAla meM yahiyA ibna khAlida baramakI ne khalIfA ke darabAra aura bhArata ke sAtha atyanta gaharA sambandha sthApita kiyaa| usane bar3e adhyavasAya aura Adara ke sAtha bhArata se hindU, bauddha aura jaina vidvAnoM ko nimaMtrita kiyaa|' isI prakAra jaina dharma-darzana ne jalAluddIna rUmI evaM anya aneka IrAnI sUphiyoM ke vicAroM ko prabhAvita kiyaa| sArAMza ke rUpa meM hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki saMsAra kI pratyeka dharma, saMskRti, sabhyatAyeM aura darzana sadA se eka dUsare ko prabhAvita karate rahe haiN|

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154 ahiMsA darzana jaina saMskRti ke ahiMsAvAdI AcAra-vicAra se islAma dharma bhI kAphI prabhAvita huaa| kuraAna kI AyatoM meM to ahiMsA, jIvadayA, karuNA kA pratipAdana to thA hI, sAtha hI udAravAdI tathA vyApaka soca rakhane vAle islAmika sUphiyoM aura dArzanikoM ko jaba anya paramparAoM meM ina acchAiyoM kA utkRSTa svarUpa dikhAI diyA to unhoMne una sadguNoM ko grahaNa kiyA kyoM ki unheM yaha bhI yAda thA ki 'allAha ke paig2ambara pratyeka jAti meM huye prAyaH dhArmika saMkIrNatAyeM hamAre cintana ko vikasita nahIM hone detiiN| Ama anuyAyI vahI jAnate, samajhate aura mAnate haiM jo dharmaguruoM dvArA unheM batalAyA jAtA hai| Agrahavaza tathAkathita dharmaguru bhI zAstroM ke una prasaGgoM ko jyAdA ubhAra kara vyAkhyAyita karate haiM jisase unake svayaM ke Agraha puSTa hoN| phalasvarUpa zAstra kI mUla dRSTi samAja ke sAmane nahIM A pAtI hai| zAstroM ke nAma para galata sandeza samAja ko prasArita kara diye jAte haiN| loga bhUlavaza khudA kI AjJA samajhakara aise kRtya bhI karane laga jAte haiM jinheM khudA pasanda hI nahIM krtaa| isa samasyA ke samAdhAna ke lie jarUrI hai apanI viveka cetanA ko vikasita kiyA jAya, svayaM satya khojeM-kA svara mukharita kiyA jAya aura svayaM mUlagranthoM ko par3hakara sahI jJAna ko sAmane lAyA jaay| isa prakAra yadi aura bhI anusandhAna kiye jAyeM to islAma meM ahiMsA ke prabhAva, siddhAnta aura prayogoM ko aura adhika vyApaka rUpa meM khojA jA sakatA hai| 1. kuraAna majIda, sUra 10, Ayata 47, 13/7,30/47,35/24,24, 14/4

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pariziSTa-3 AtaMka ke naye cehare aura zAnti evaM ahiMsA Aja manuSya mAnasika rUpa se asvastha hai| mAnasika asvasthatA ke kaI kAraNa haiN| una kAraNoM meM jaivika asantulana, dUSita khAnapAna, dUSita vicAra, dUSita vAtAvaraNa Adi pramukha kAraNa haiN| isa kAraNa manuSya mAnasika rUpa se asvastha ho jAtA hai| hiMsA kA vicAra bahuta bar3I mAnasika asvasthyatA hai AtaMkavAda bhI eka mAnasika bImArI kA nAma hai| | AtaMkavAda Aja bahuta vikarAla rUpa se hamAre sAmane khar3A hai| yaha samasyA Aja itanI adhika bar3ha gaI hai ki isane manuSya jIvana kI anya sabhI samasyAoM ko pIche Dhakela diyA hai| cAroM tarapha carcA cala rahI hai ki isa para kAbU kaise pAyA jAya ? maiM samasAmayika sandarbha meM yaha prastuta karane kA prayAsa kara rahA hU~ ki Aja jise hama AtaMkavAda samajha rahe haiM mAtra vaha hI isa deza ke lie 'AtaMka' nahIM hai| 'AtaMka' eka mAnasika bImArI hai jo kaI rUpoM meM hamAre samAja ko viSAkta banA rahI hai| hara ghara meM 'osAmA bina lAdena' jaise loga baiThe haiM basa antara itanA hai ki vaha lAdena abhivyakta hai jisase amerikA bhI parezAna thA aura zeSa anabhivyakta hiMsA kA jahara yadi mana meM baiThA hai to vaha kabhI na kabhI abhivyakti pAyegA hii| samaya-samaya para lAdena jaise paidA hote rheNge| AtaMkavAda kA nAma bhale hI hamane bIsavIM sadI meM sunA ho, para yaha kRtya sadiyoM se hAvI rahA hai| itihAsa gavAha hai ki AtaMkavAda rUpI viSadhara se Aja na to sohanI mahIvAla kA paMjAba bacA hai aura na kamanIya kuMja galiyoM vAlA kRSNa kanhaiyA aura rAdhA kA braja / isake dAruNa daMza kI vyathA se na to mahAvIra, buddha ke upadezAmRta se siMcita bihAra hI vaMcita hai aura na hI caitanya kI bhAsvara bhakti kI snigdha rasa dhArA se AplAvita baMga hI /

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156 ahiMsA darzana kezara kuMkuma se surabhita kazmIra kI kamanIya kezara kyAriyoM kI zyAmala haritamA Aja apane hI svajana ke raktAzruoM ke mahAsAgara meM vilIna ho cukI hai| kAma rUpa kI kAmAkhyA apane hI digbhrAnta mAtRhantAoM kI kAlI karatUtoM para mAtama manA rahI hai| pUre vizva ko ahiMsA kA pATha par3hAne vAle 'bApU' kA gujarAta isI hiMsA se jhulasa cukA hai, sar3akeM zole bichA rahI haiM aura DagaroM para DAkU dastaka de rahe haiN| hara rAste para rahajana khar3e haiM tathA haoNTacaoNTa para baTamAra baiThe haiN| phira zAnti mile to kahA~ aura kidhara? yaha AtaMkavAda amerikA jaise zaktizAlI dezoM ke lie bhI gale kI haDDI bana gyaa| nepAla bhI isakI capeTa meM ghirakara rAkha ho rahA hai| bhAratIya saMsada para hamalA isakA ativAda hai| kyA kAraNa hai isa AtaMkavAda kA? jarA gaharAI se vicAra kreN| AtaMkavAda kA artha AtaMkavAda prAyaH sImita dAyare meM paribhASata kiyA jAtA hai| AtaMkavAda saMjJA to nayI hai, kintu ise yadi hama vistRta paTala para paribhASita kareM to pAyeMge ki prAcIna kAla se hI jaba se hamArA itihAsa milatA hai AtaMkavAda kisI na kisI rUpa meM hamAre Asa-pAsa maujUda rahA hai| janamAnasa ko sadaiva kisI na kisI dabAva ne, AtaMka ne kuNThita kiyA hai| paurANika AkhyAnoM meM devatAoM aura asuroM ke saMgharSa bhare par3e haiN| RSi-muniyoM ke yajJoM meM, tapasyA meM tathA jana sAmAnya zAnti meM vighna DAlane vAle rAkSasoM kI kathA hamane bujurgoM ke mukha se bahuta sunI va kitAboM meM par3hI hai| vastutaH AtaMkavAda taba se hI maujUda hai jaba se isa manuSya jAti kA udbhava huaa| Aja ke pariprekSya meM AtaMkavAda kA abhiprAya sazastra aura gurillA gatividhi kA paryAya mAnA jAtA hai| dezabhakta zahIda candrazekhara AjAda aura bhagatasiMha yadi hamAre lie svataMtratA Andolana ke krAntikArI ke rUpa meM pUjane yogya rASTrabhakta mAne jAte haiM to aMgrejoM ke lie ve nihAyata khUkhAra aura

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157 pariziSTa hiMsaka AtaMkavAdI the| ataH isa bAta para vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki Convention on Prevention and Punishment of Terrorism 1937 dvArA paribhASita AtaMkavAda kI isa paribhASA- "Criminal Acts diverted against a state and intended or calculated to create a state of terror in the minds of Particular Persons, a group of Persons or the general Public." ko kyA hama eka pUrNa paribhASA kaha sakate haiM? pratyeka mAnava ke andara satva, raja aura tama ye tIna guNa maujUda hote haiM kintu prakaTa rUpa meM kisI eka guNa kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| yahA~ yaha antara spaSTa karanA anucita pratIta nahIM hotA ki hamArI mUla samasyA AtaMkavAda hai na ki aatNkvaadii|vykti kI svataMtratA kA hanana, usakI UrjA kA sRjanAtmaka dizA meM upayoga ho sake aise avasaroM kA abhAva, abhivyakti kA hrAsa, priyajanoM ke dvArA diyA jAne vAlA dhokhA, unakA akAraNa viyoga, anAvazyaka samAjika dabAva aura acche saMskAroM kI zUnyatA tathA dhArmika kaTTaratA aura ina sabhI kAraNoM se utpanna mAnava mana meM kisI anaitika aura aniSTakArI lakSyoM kA utpanna honA aura usake dvArA una lakSyoM kI prApti ke lie hRdaya meM uThane vAle bhAva, mastiSka meM Ane vAle vicAra aura unake ravaiyoM ko hama kisI hada taka AtaMkavAda kaha sakate haiN| AtaMkavAda kI jar3a AtaMkavAda kI koI umra nahIM hotii| do varSa kA bAlaka yadi caoNkaleTa na milane para DaMDe se ghara kA TI.vI. phor3atA hai to kyA use hama AtaMkavAda kA zaizava kAla nahIM mAneMge? isa AdhAra para hama"AtaMka" ko mUla jar3a se samajhane kA prayAsa kreNge| bAlamana meM AtaMka ke bIja Aja kinhIM dasa bAlakoM ko cunakara eka bar3I khilaunoM kI dukAna meM akele chor3a diyA jAye aura yaha svataMtratA dI jAe ki ve isa pUre bhaNDAra meM apanI pasaMda kA koI eka khilaunA cunakara bAhara le AyeM to nizcita taura

Page #160
158 ahiMsA darzana para una dasa bAlakoM meM se ATha bAlakoM ke hAtha meM plAsTika kI sTenagana, rivAlvara, bandUkeM tathA isI prakAra ke hiMsaka hathiyAra hoNge| skUloM meM bar3hatA anAvazyaka kitAbI bojha, homavarka na karane para utpanna kiyA gayA ghara para mA~-bApa, TyUTaroM aura maha~ge skUloM meM zikSakoM dvArA vyApta AtaMka bAlamana meM kuNThA paidA karatA hai aura hiMsAtmaka philmeM, enimezana, sIriyala tathA kaoNmiksa kA junUna unheM ina kuNThAoM se ubarane ke lie unake mana meM bandUka saMskRti ke rUpa meM hiMsaka pravRttiyoM kA jahara gholatA hai| usakA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki vaha plAsTika kI sTenagana se karara-karara karake sabako bhUnane kI bAteM karatA aura socatA hai| yadyapi hama ise khela samajhate haiM kintu hiMsAnandI khela, khela nahIM, hiMsA kA prazikSaNa hai jo bAlyakAla se prArambha hotA hai| ise hama AtaMkavAda Adi hiMsaka pravRttiyoM ke prazikSaNa kA zaizava kAla kaha sakate kizora mana meM AtaMka ke bIja kizora vaya hara manuSya ke jIvana meM sandhi kA kAla hotI hai| kalpanAloka va yathArtha ke madhya bhaTakatA kizora jaba apanI icchAoM kI pUrti va pyAra kI abhilASA mA~-bApa aura anya parijana se prApta nahIM kara pAtA hai taba vaha umra kI uThAna para hI ghanaghora hatAzA aura nirAzA kA zikAra ho jAtA hai| galata saMgatiyoM meM par3akara Akroza, nazA aura samAja kI hara ghaTanAoM ke prati vidrohI svara usakI raga-raga meM daur3ane lagatA hai| dillIguDagAMva ke skUloM meM nauvIM-dasavIM ke chAtroM ke dvArA cAkuoM se hamalA, rivAlvara dvArA marDara kI ghaTanAyeM hamane hAla hI meM sunI-par3hI haiN| yaha AtaMkavAda kI hiMsAtmaka abhivyakti se thor3A pahale kI avasthA hai| yuvA mana meM AtaMka yuvA zakti ke sAmane saMsAra kI sArI zaktiyA~ apanA sira jhukAtI haiN| isa umra meM yuvA jahA~ apanA kairiyara nirmANa kara rahA hotA hai vahIM dUsarI ora yuvatiyoM kI nazIlI A~khoM kA glaimara aura apanA priya jIvana sAthI

Page #161
pariziSTa 159 khojane kI utkaNTha AkAMkSA usake mAnasa ko vyagra banAe rakhatI hai| yuvA avasthA meM zarIra va mana apUrva UrjAoM aura AkAMkSAoM kA bhaNDAra hotA hai| isa avasthA meM jaba use rojagAra nahIM milatA, usakI UrjA kA sahI upayoga nahIM hotA, prema-prasaMgoM meM jaba vaha asaphala ho jAtA hai taba usakI UrjA kA upayoga rAjanaitika aura sAmpradAyika loga AtaMka va hiMsA ke lie karate haiM aura aisI paristhitiyoM meM yuvakoM kA yaha bhaTakAva Aga meM ghI kA kAma karatA hai, jvAlA dhadhakatI hai aura AtaMkavAda pravardhamAna hotA rahatA hai| AtaMkavAda ke rUpa abhijAtya varga aura pUMjIvAdiyoM kA AtaMka samAja kA eka varga hai jo sadA se apane Apako U~cA samajhatA AyA hai| yaha varga apanI pustainI duSpravRttiyoM ke AdhAra para sAmAnya varga ko kaI tarIkoM se bhayabhIta rakhatA hai| deza ke lagabhaga 20 pratizata loga apanI sAmantazAhI pravRttiyoM se deza ke 80 pratizata sAmAnya manuSyoM ke svAbhAvika vikAsa karane ke avasaroM ko chIna lete haiN| aisI dazA meM samAja meM asAmAnya vitaraNa, eka pakSIya vikAsa, zoSaNa ityAdi aise kAraNa bana jAte haiM jo inake kAraNa rUpa zaktiyoM ko naSTa karane ke lie krAnti ke rUpa meM tabdIla ho jAte haiM aura isI krAnti ko AtaMkavAda kI saMjJA dI jAne lagatI hai| naksalAiTa isI taraha kA AMtaka hai| lAlaphItAzAhI kA AtaMka deza meM adhikAMza zikSita varga aisA hai jinake Upara hUkUmata kA junUna prArambha se hI car3hA rahatA hai ve vAstava meM prazAsanika sevAoM meM Ane ke bahAne apanI andara kI jvAlA ko zAnta karane kA mAdhyama apane padoM ko banA lete haiN| ye janatA ke rakSaka evaM sevaka banane ke nAma para sAmAnya janatA ko bevajaha pratAr3ita karane se bhI bAja nahIM aate| yaha bhI AtaMkavAda kA hI eka ceharA hai jo apanA hitaiSI banakara kAnUna aura adhikAroM ke mAdhyama se janatA ke dila se bhaya dUra karane kI apekSA svayaM apanA bhaya sthApita kara letA hai|

Page #162
160 ahiMsA darzana pAkhaNDavAdiyoM kA AtaMka deza meM tathAkathita saMtoM aura sAdhuoM kA eka bar3A varga bhI nivAsa karatA hai jo dharma ke nAma para sAmAnya janatA ke mana meM aneka tarIkoM se AtaMka banAe rakhatA hai| Aja 21vIM zatAbdI meM bhI anaitika manokAmanAoM kI prApti ke lie bar3e-bar3e udyogapati, netA aura mAphiyA bhI ina sAdhuoM ke mAdhyama se anuSThAna karate aura nara baliyA~ taka car3hAte dikhAI de jAte haiN| isI prakAra ke aura bhI inake vividha AtaMkavAdoM ke rUpoM ke aise cehare haiM jinakI tarapha sAmAnyataH logoM kA dhyAna nahIM jaataa| jJAna kA AtaMka Aja samUcA jagat sUcanAoM kA zikAra ho gayA hai| hama sUcanA saMskRti meM jIne ke lie majabUra haiN| hameM majabUrana 75 pratizata aisI bAtoM kA jJAna rakhanA par3atA hai, jinakA hamAre vAstavika jIvana se koI sarokAra nahIM hai| pAThyakramoM meM anAvazyaka vRddhi, parIkSAoM meM 'chaTanI paddhati ke AdhAra para yogyatAoM aura pratibhAoM kA nirdhAraNa, bhASA vizeSa ke jJAna kI pramukhatA tathA zikSA kA vaizvIkaraNa ityAdi aise kAraNa bana rahe haiM jo vAstavika sRjanAtmaka pratibhAoM ko Age bar3hane se roka dete haiN| yaha bhI samAja meM samAdhAna ke sthAna para samasyA banakara AtaMka kI taraha phaila rahA hai| abhivyakti ke lie bhASA vizeSa kI bAdhyatA kuMThA-bhaya ko janma de rahI hai| AdhunikatA kA AtaMka __ yaha hama pahale bhI kaha cuke haiM ki AtaMka ko mAra-kATa taka hI sImita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| bhAratIya mAnasa meM eka aura nayA AtaMka phaila cukA hai jo kaI naI samasyAoM ko janma de rahA hai| vaha hai naI AdhunikatA kA 'AtaMka' Aja acchA banane kI apekSA acchA dikhane kA junUna logoM ke diloM para savAra hai| AdhunikatA ke dikhAve ke anusAra zreSTha vaha nahIM jo kurtA-pajAmA pahana kara naye AviSkAra kare balki zreSTha vaha samajhA jA rahA hai jo phaTI jInsa, TI-zarTa pahanakara bIyara-bAra me bhaur3e DAnsa kre| isa AtaMka

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pariziSTa 161 ne vizeSakara yuvakoM ko bhaTakA diyA hai| isI kA pariNAma hai ki samAja kA eka varga eka tarapha to jIvana kI buniyAdI AvazyakatAoM se vaMcita hai vahIM dUsarI tarapha eka paiga viskI ke lie eka lar3akI jesikA lAla usa deza kI rAjadhAnI meM mArI jAtI hai jisa deza ke 60 pratizata grAmINa va zaharI nivAsI pAnI ke sApha pAnI jaisI buniyAdI suvidhAoM se vaMcita haiN| AdhunikatA kA nazA usa garIba ko bhI, pepsI, limkA, thamsa-apa pIne kA AdI banA rahA hai jo ghara meM apane baccoM ko dUsare vakta kI roTI dene taka meM samartha nahIM hai| upabhoktAvAda kA AtaMka Aja kI sabase saMgIna tAtkAlika sAmAjika sUcanA zAyada yahI hai ki hamAre yahA~ aba upabhoktAvAda hiMsaka aura AkrAmaka ho gayA hai| dillI meM jesikAlAla ko isalie golI mArI gayI thI kyoMki usane manu zarmA ko aura usake sAthiyoM ko vhiskI dene se iMkAra kiyaa| lakhanaU meM AisakrIma vAle raghurAja ko rAkeza ne isalie mAra DAlA thA kyoMki usake pAsa kasATA nahIM thaa| ye loga tAkatavara, amIra aura aparAdhI ho gaye haiN| rAtoM meM teja raphtAra se daur3atI inakI kAreM phuTapAtha para so rahe aura sar3akapara cala rahe rAhagIroM ko AsAnI se kucala DAlatI haiN| nava dhanADhya samAja ke bar3e bApoM ke bigaDaila beToM ke hAthoM se mAsUmiyata se ho jAne vAlI anajAnI pariNatiyoM vAlI katla kI anacAhI ghaTanAe~ haiM yA carama bhogavAda kI madhya kAlIna lolupatA kI nayI hiMsaka punarAvRttiyA~ haiM ? yA rAjya ke saMrakSaNa meM lampaTa aura barbara ho uThe upabhoktAvAda kI nayI zakla hai yA pichale eka Der3ha dazaka se lagAtAra Arthika bhraSTAcAra aura jaghanya sAmAjika aparAdhoM meM lipta hamAre samAja ke zikhara varga ke eka naye aura apekSAkRta DarAvane cehare ko ujAgara karate saMketa rUpaka haiM ? Aja ke daura meM hama eka aise abhijana varga kA ubhAra dekha rahe haiM jo apanI jIvana zailI aura AkAMkSAoM meM hamAre deza aura samAja kI

Page #164
ahiMsA darzana vAstavikatAoM se pUrI taraha vicchinna hai, kaTA huA hai| apane isa sAmAjika alagAva aura nirvAsana ko bharane ke lie vo aisI nAiTapArTiyoM meM jAte haiM jaise bInA ramAnI ke kutuba koloneTa kI pArTI thii| hamArA dina vyApAra yA rAjanIti meM gujaratA hai aura usakI saMskRti rAta meM zurU hotI hai| 162 hamArI 'nAkTaranala kalcara' yA 'nizAcara' saMskRti usa kAlI daulata se paidA huI hai jise adhika pariSkRta aMgrejI lahaje meM 'saoNphTamanI' yA 'patalI kamAyI' kahate haiN| yaha gAr3hI kamAI kI viloma hotI hai| aparAdha aura hiMsA usakA sahaja 'bAiproDakTa' hai| yahI vaha hissA hai jisane hamAre deza aura samAja ke sAmane 'naitika mahAzUnyatA' kA yaha virATa paridRzya nirmita kiyA hai| aba nizcita hI isa nizAcara saMskRti kI rAta ke aMdhere meM DolatI parachAiyoM aura usake AtaMka ke pahacAna ke lie jyAdA Adhunika nahIM, jyAdA upabhoktAvAdI nahIM balki prAcIna paribhASAoM meM jAnA hI par3egA, lekina aisA karate hue hameM zarma A sakatI hai kyoMki hamane aba paramANu bama banA DAle haiM aura antarrASTrIya stara para nyUkliyara klaba ke sadasya bana cuke haiN| kaise pAyeM nijAta ? Aja aise vakta meM isa vikarAla samasyA ko jo ki hamAre jIvana ke pratyeka ghaTaka ko prabhAvita karatI hai kA samAdhAna kisI eka dRSTikoNa se nahIM socA jA sktaa| aise vakta meM jaba deza meM na to ve zaktiyA~ sakriya haiM jo manuSya ke mana meM ahiMsA kA saMskAra detI haiM aura na ve zaktiyA~ tAkatavara haiM jo hiMsaka mana vAle manuSya kI gatividhi para roka lagAtI haiM taba isa samasyA kA samAdhAna kyA hogA? isako samajhane ke lie vAstava meM atirikta kucha karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai ? aba hamArI ciMtA kA kendra bindu yaha honA cAhie ki mAnava kA mana ahiMsaka saMvedanazIla aura sAmAjika nyAyapUrNa saMskAra meM kisa taraha dIkSita ho aura usakI ciMtA yaha honI cAhie ki hiMsaka manuSya ke asAmAjika

Page #165
pariziSTa 163 vyavahAra ko niyaMtrita karane vAlI vaidhAnika prakriyAeM kisa taraha majabUta hoM? jAhira hai ye donoM kAma eka vyApaka krAnti kI mAMga karate haiN| hama isa samasyA ke samAdhAna ke lie nimnaprakAra ke binduoM para vicAra kara sakate samAdhAna (ka) eka hiMsaka manuSya hiMsA karane se taba bacatA hai jaba use sAmAjika bahiSkAra kA bhaya ho yA phira kAnUna kA bhaya ho yA apanI hiMsA ke evaz2a meM daNDita hone kA bhaya ho| isake lie hameM samAja aura kAnUna donoM hI saMsthAoM meM naI UrjA kA saMcAra karanA pdd'egaa| jo pApI ko daNDa dekara pApa ke prati bhaya to barakarAra rakhe hI sAtha hI eka aisA saMtulana bhI kAyama rakhe jahA~ ghRNA pApa ke prati kI jAe na ki pApI ke prati / ina donoM hI bAtoM kA mApadaNDa viveka hI hogaa| samAdhAna (kha) AtaMkavAda ke pratirodha kI sabhI kAryavAhI nAgarika prazAsana ke niyaMtraNa meM bhI honI cAhie tAki ise rokane meM samAja kI bhI bhUmikA rhe| samAdhAna (ga) bhAratIya jeloM meM kaidiyoM ko sAmAjika pariveza va suvidhAeM dekara unameM isa AzA kA saMcAra kiyA jAe ki ve apane meM nihita UrjAoM kA upayoga sRjanAtmaka kAryoM meM karake unnati kara sakate haiM tathA samAja kA bhI yaha dAyitva isa sthAna para banatA hai ki yaha sudhAre hue kaidiyoM ko kaida mukta hone para samAja meM punaH pratiSThA bhI de| samAdhAna (gha) AdhunikatA manuSya kI mAnasikatA se jur3I huI cIja hai| yaha usake bhItarI soca kA pratibimba hai| AdhunikatA kI paribhASA meM aisA

Page #166
164 ahiMsA darzana parivartana ho jisameM vikasita dikhane aura kahalAne kI apekSA vikasita hone kA bhAva jyAdA nihita ho tAki samAja kA upekSita varga isa AdhunikatA se AtaMkita na hokara use apane vikAsa kA sAdhana mAne aura deza kI mUla dhArA meM sammilita ho ske| samAdhAna (Ga) pUMjIvAda ke AtaMka kI samasyA ko nobala puraskAra prApta amartyasena kI dRSTi se samAdhAna hetu dekhanA par3egA kyoMki unhoMne arthazAstra ko naitikatA se jor3ane vAle vicAra hamAre sAmane prastuta kiye| ve hamArA dhyAna isa ora dilAte haiM ki duniyA ke hara deza meM dhana paidA karane vAle sAre phArmUle evaM tarIke nItizAstra ke antargata hI sikhAe jAte the| pUMjI ekatra karane kA AdhAra hiMsA ke sthAna para yadi nIti ho to bhaya kaisA? samAdhAna (ca) AtaMkavAda ke sandarbha meM jo hiMsA kA abhiprAya hai vaha samAdhAna tabhI prApta kara sakatA hai jaba mUla jar3a para cintana kiyA jaay| yadi mAnava mana meM hiMsA, vidroha ke bIja par3e hI nahIM taba vaha abhivyakta rUpa meM sAmane nahIM aayegii| isake lie 'ahiMsA prazikSaNa' kI navIna avadhAraNA varadAna bana sakatI hai| choTe-choTe baccoM ko plAsTika kI baMdUkeM kharIda kara denA hiMsA kA bIja ropanA hI hai| isase ubarA jaae| dhyAna, yoga, ityAdi ke adhikAdhika prazikSaNa diye jAyeM jinase yA to AtmA meM hiMsA kA vibhAva utpanna hI na ho yA phira yadi utpanna hotA hai to mAnava viparIta paristhitiyoM meM bhI apanA bhAvAtmaka saMtulana banAye rakhane meM saphala ho ske| samAdhAna (cha) AtaMkavAdiyoM ke varga meM sarvAdhika saMkhyA yuvakoM kI hai| berojagArI, bhraSTAcAra ityAdi samasyAoM se nijAta pAne para yuvakoM ko saMbhAlA jA sakatA hai| khela, kalA, sAhitya-saMskRti ke adhikAdhika avasaroM ko

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pariziSTa upalabdha karavAkara yuvakoM kI UrjA aura dhyAna kA rUpAntaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| sirpha bauddhika vikAsa karane ke sthAna para yadi yuvakoM ko sAtha hI sAtha nijI laghu udyogoM, takanIkI kAryoM tathA svarojagAra kA prazikSaNa bhI diyA jAe to sArthaka pariNAma sAmane AyeMge aura vidroha AtaMka jaise vicAroM ke lie usake pAsa vakta hI na hogaa| AtaMkavAda Antarika chaTapaTAhaTa kI abhivyakti vastuta: AtaMkavAda, hiMsA aura AkrAmakatA ke aneka kAraNa haiN| aura koI eka kAraNa pramukha nahIM hai Aja bhAratIya samAja vizeSataH nagaroM aura mahAnagaroM meM rahane vAlA samAja eka gaMbhIra sAMskRtika- sAmAjika aura Arthika badalAva se gujara rahA hai| nizcaya hI vyakti akelA hotA jA rahA hai| samAja kI ikAiyoM se dUra aura nirapekSa akelA vyakti jo apane ko mahAnAyaka kI bhUmikA meM sthApita karanA cAhatA hai, eka jaMga lar3a rahA hai apane pariveza meM usa para kAbU pAne ke lie eka jaMga to apane se lar3a rahA hai aura dUsarI jaMga apane sAmAjika, sAMskRtika tathA AdhyAtmika atIta se mukta hone ke lie| isa duharI jaMga kI kazmakaza meM use kucha nahIM sUjha rahA hai ki vaha kyA kara rahA hai aura kyoM kara rahA hai? apanI khotI banatI pahacAna ke saMgharSa meM DUbatA - ubaratA vaha nipaTa akelA vyakti naye bhrama pAla rahA hai| 165 hiMsA kA ullAsa (yA aTTahAsa) isI chaTapaTAhaTa kI eka abhivyakti hai| bhAratIya mAnasa ke lie yaha aTapaTA hai kyoMki yahA~ jagat aura sva ke bIca koI pratidvandvitA yA durAva nahIM hai| donoM hI eka tattva se otaprota mAne jAte rahe haiN| inameM sva kI samRddhi, rASTra se hI saMbhava hotI hai / yahA~ anekAnta darzana kI bhUmikA bhI mahattvapUrNa ho jAtI hai| bhinna dharmoM, bhASAoM, rIti-rivAjoM se bane bhAratIya yA kisI bhI samAja meM bhinnatA kA sahaja svIkAra Avazyaka hai| hama isa saccAI ko samajheM aura amala meM laaveN| vyakti aura samAja eka-dUsare ko gar3hate banAte haiM / vyakti kI saMbhAvanA

Page #168
166 ahiMsA darzana samAja ke bAhara nahIM ho sktii| isake bIca ke bheda ke duSpariNAma hiMsA aura yuddha ke rUpa meM dikhate haiN| ise samajhanA aura jIvana meM utAranA hI eka mAtra vikalpa hai| isa sandarbha meM ahiMsA prazikSaNa jaise prAyogika vicAroM kA bhI udaya bIsavIM sadI meM ho cukA hai ye prakriyAyeM bhI abhI vakta leMgI, kintu yaha to taya hai ki koI bhI samAja AtaMkavAda ko hiMsA ko azAnti ko satata bardAzta nahIM kara sakatA, isalie parivartana svayaM se hI karanA hogaa| 7 hama bure ke prati satarka raheM aura acche ke lie Azvasta, tabhI kucha nayA sarjana kara sakate haiM, eka nayI samAja mImAMsA kI tarapha bar3ha sakate haiM jo bhaya mukta ahiMsaka samAja saMracanA kI avadhAraNA prastuta kara sake aura ahiMsaka samAja tathA rASTra kA nirmANa kara sake /

Page #169
niSkarSa ni:sandeha koI bhI ucca mAnavIya mUlya kisI dharma vizeSa kI vyaktigata sampatti nahIM hotA hai| kintu, yadi koI dharma yA samAja usa zAzvata mUlya ke upayoga meM, saMrakSaNa-saMvardhana meM yA usake anusandhAna meM vizeSa zrama karatA hai, use sirpha jIvita hI nahIM balki usakI prayogadharmitA ko bhI barakarAra rakhane meM apanA vizeSa yogadAna detA hai to yuga-yugAntara taka sahaja hI vaha zAzvata mUlya usa dharma kI pahacAna bana jAtA hai| jainadharma ke sabhI tIrthaMkaroM tathA AcAryoM kI yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki unhoMne kisI bhI siddhAnta kA prayoga sirpha AtmakalyANa ke lie hI nahIM kiyA pratyuta sRSTi ke samasta prANiyoM ke abhyudaya evaM sukha-zAntimaya jIvana ke lie una mArgoM ko Ama kara diyaa| isIlie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isI ke antargata 'sarvodaya' kI bhAvanA kA prasaraNa kiyA jahA~ mAtra manuSya kI hI nahIM apitu sampUrNa jIva jagat ke abhyudaya kA uddezya nihita hai| kisI bhI dharma meM jaba taka itanI udAra dRSTi na ho use dharma kaise mAna liyA jaaye| dharma kI dRSTi udAra aura vizAla hotI hai, sampradAyavAda usa dRSTi ko saMkucita kara detA hai aura Aropa dharma para A jAtA hai| ahiMsA jaise zAzvata ucca mAnavIya mUlyoM ko prAyaH sabhI dharmoM ne apane-apane mApadaNDoM ke anusAra apnaayaa| kintu; kucha sampradAyoM ne ahiMsA kI mUla bhAvanA ke anusAra vyAkhyA karane kI bajAya apanI pUrva sthApita mAnyatAoM ke sA~ce meM ahiMsA ko DhAlakara prastuta kiyA aura phira usakA jayaghoSa bhI kiyaa| unhoMne apane apane anusAra 1. sarvodayaM tIrthamidaM tavaiva - yuktyanuzAsanam, zloka-61

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168 ahiMsA darzana ahiMsA ko gar3hA aura usakI sthApanAyeM kii| samAja meM hara kAla aura yuga meM aneka paristhitiyA~ banIM aura bigar3I, aneka AkramaNa aura dhArmika raktapAta bhI huye| ina tamAma kAraNoM se ahiMsA dharma ke bAharI mApadaNDoM meM bhI vizAla parivartana aayaa| kaI paristhitiyoM meM 'sukha-zAMti' kI sthApanA ke lie aura ahiMsA kI rakSA ke lie hiMsA bhI jarUrI samajhI gyii| ahiMsA dharma para kaI Aropa bhI lagAye gye| Aja bhI lagabhaga hara rASTra paramANu hathiyAroM se laisa hokara, dUsare rASTroM ko dhamakAkara, khuda bArUda ke Dhera para khar3A hai| sabhI ke hAtha meM hathiyAra haiM, sabhI ko khuda kI mauta kA bhaya hai, isalie samAna tAkata vAloM para hathiyAra nahIM calA rahA hai, isIlie unakI dhAraNA hai ki zAMti hai, ahiMsA hai| hiMsA aura zAMti yaha naye kisma kI zAMti hai jo pUrNatayA hiMsA aura bhaya se yukta hai| hiMsA ke samarthakoM ko aisI zAMti pasanda hai| isa daurAna jo vArtAyeM hotI haiM use hama 'zAMti vArtA' kahate haiN| kintu dharma aura adhyAtma ise zAMti aura ahiMsA nahIM maantaa| donoM aura hRdaya meM raktapAta ke aMgAre hoM; mana meM vinAza kI yojanA ho, A~khoM meM utaratA khUna ho, eka hAtha meM paramANu bama kA rimoTa kaMTrola ho aura dUsare hAtha se halaka meM utaratI zarAba ho aura Apa kahate haiM yaha zAMti vyavasthA hai? jI nahIM! yaha to vahI jAlima barbara-pana kA mAnavIya itihAsa hai jaba vaha patthara ke hathiyAra banAkara mAre bhUkha ke apane hI parijanoM ko mArane lagatA thaa| sabhyatA-saMskRti aura hiMsA sabhyatA ke nAma para hamane bAharI cakAcauMdha aura bhautika saMsAdhanoM kA cAhe kitanA bhI vikAsa kara liyA ho kintu jaba eka jananI mAM apanI garbha meM pala rahe beTA/beTI kI bhrUNa hatyA karavAtI hai, navajAta beTI ko kar3akar3AtI sardI meM jhAr3iyoM meM pheMka detI hai taba socane para majabUra honA par3atA hai ki hamAre Adima barbarapana ke saMskAra abhI gaye nahIM haiM, balki hama pazuoM se bhI nimna stara para girakara sabhyatA ke vikAsa kA

Page #171
niSkarSa 169 majAka ur3A rahe haiN| hameM lagatA hai ki hajAroM varSoM kI RSi-muniyoM kI sAdhanA, unake divyajJAna, AdhyAtmika preraNA kA hamArI tathAkathita sabhya samAja para jarA sA bhI asara nahIM par3a pAyA hai| hamane jaba jaba ahiMsA ke vizAla svarUpa ko majabUriyoM se sanI hiMsA kI zartoM ke anusAra gar3hane kI koziza kI hai; mAnavIya mUlyoM kA hrAsa isI taraha huA hai| utsavoM meM hiMsaka Ananda itanA hI nahIM, hama yadi gaura kareM to pAyeMge ki hamAre jIvana meM aise kaI kAma haiM jinheM hama tyauhAra, utsava, saMskRti, lokAcAra kulAcAra Adi ke nAma para karate haiM aura unameM hiMsA hotI hai aura hama usameM Ananda mAnate haiN| use dharmAnukUla mAnate haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM dIpAvalI ko hI leN| isa dina hama AtizabAjI karate haiN| Ananda kA anubhava karate haiM kintu isa AnandAnubhUti meM hameM yaha khyAla nahIM rahatA ki paTAkhe calAne se asaMkhya jIvoM ke prANoM kA haraNa ho jAtA hai| sUkSma jIva jo vAtAvaraNa meM rahate haiM aura dikhAyI nahIM dete ve to marate hI haiM sAtha hI AkAza meM vicaraNa karane vAle pakSI ityAdi bhI mRtyu ko prApta ho jAte haiN| kaI sthaloM para pazuoM kI pUMcha meM bamoM kI lar3iyA~ bA~dhakara; una pazuoM kI marmavedanA, cItkAra aura mAre pIr3A ke yatra-tatra vicaraNa karatA dekha tAliyA~ bajAte tathA Anandita hote logoM ko maiMne svayaM kaI bAra dekhA hai| makarasaMkrAnti para pataMga kI tIkhI Dora se kitane pakSiyoM ke paMkha kaTa jAte haiM? hama kabhI vicAra nahIM krte| holI para manuSya svayaM Apasa meM khUnI saMgharSa taka kara DAlate haiM; aneka prANiyoM ko satAte haiN| isa prakAra ke udAharaNa aneka haiN| hama vicAra hI nahIM karate haiM aura na hI hamArA dhyAna ina bAtoM para kabhI jAtA hai| baccoM ko vIDiyo gemsa ke mAdhyama se nakalI vadha karake manoraMjita hote huye maiM aksara dekhatA huuN| ye bhAvahiMsA ke jvalanta udAharaNa haiM manoraMjana kI Ar3a meM hama hiMsA kA kitanA prazikSaNa unheM de rahe haiM? hama isa bAta para bhI

Page #172
170 ahiMsA darzana vicAra nahIM karate haiN| hameM ina viSayoM para bhI gambhIratA se vicAra karanA hogaa| vizvazAMti aura ahiMsA yUnesko ke ghoSaNA patra meM yaha udghoSita kiyA gayA hai ki "yuddha manuSya ke mana se prArambha hotA hai, ataH zAnti kA parakoTA bhI manuSya ke mana meM hI khar3A karanA hogaa|" jisa prakAra yaha eka tathya hai ki ahiMsA AtmA kA svabhAva hai; ThIka usI prakAra yaha bhI tathya hai ki hara manuSya meM hiMsA ke saMskAra saMcita rahate haiN| ahiMsA kA vikAsa krama se hotA hai| vaha acAnaka eka sAtha jIvana meM nahIM utrtii| isake lie sabase pahalI AvazyakatA hai-'ahiMsA ke prati aasthaa'| aise logoM kI saMkhyA kama nahIM hai jo ahiMsA ke prati anAsthA kA svara dete rahate haiN| nArAyaNa zrI kRSNa ne gItA meM arjuna ko yuddha karane ko caMda zlokoM meM jo kahA vaha pUrI duniyA ko yAda ho gayA; kintu gItA aura mahAbhArata ke sampUrNa adhyAyoM meM unhoMne ahiMsA dharma kI jo vizad vyAkhyA kI vaha kucha hI loga par3hate-sunate haiN|' ahiMsA paramo dharmaH' -yaha mahAbhArata kA vAkya hai| kintu ise mahAbhArata ke sandeza ke rUpa meM pracArita prasArita nahIM kiyA jaataa| yaha hamArI hiMsA ke prati AsthA ora ruci ko darzAtA hai| kisI rASTra para AkramaNa karanA hiMsA hai-isameM sAdhAraNatayA sabhI sahamata ho jAte haiM kintu apane deza kI rakSA ke lie yuddha karanA hiMsA hai-isase koI jyAdA loga sahamata nahIM dikhAyI dete, bahumata isa pakSa meM hI rahatA hai ki apanI, apane parivAra, samAja, dharma yA rASTra kI 1. Since war begins in the mind of men, it is in the mind of men that we have to erect theramparts of peace'-UNESCOCharter) gItA- 16/2-3, ityAdi mahAbhArata- 13/116/28

Page #173
niSkarSa 171 rakSA ke lie zastra uThAnA dharma hai; ahiMsA hai| AkramaNa to hiMsA hai pratyAkramaNa hiMsA nahIM hai| isa avadhAraNA se ahiMsA kI jo mUla bhAvanA hai vaha kamajora kara dI jAtI hai| parivAra, samAja, dharma yA rASTra kI rakSA ke lie lar3anA apanA nAgarika kartavya mAnA jA sakatA hai; kintu use ahiMsA mAnane kA artha hai ahiMsaka pratikAra kI sambhAvanA ko naSTa kara denaa| hiMsA ko hiMsA mAnane para hI ahiMsaka pratikAra kI bAta socI jA sakatI hai| pratyAkramaNa ko ahiMsA pravRtti mAna lene para ahiMsaka pratikAra ke sAre dvAra svataH banda ho jAte haiN| apanI rakSA ke lie yuddha ko anivArya hiMsA mAnane meM koI burAI nahIM hai| jainadharma meM virodhI hiMsA' hiMsA ke cAra bhedoM meM se eka hai; na ki ahiMsA ke bhedoM meM se| 'virodhI hiMsA' gRhastha jIvana meM majabUrI vaza hotI hI hai - yaha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai; kintu use hiMsA hI mAnA gayA hai| ahiMsA kI sattA svatantra hai; vaha kisI ke adhIna nahIM yuddha ke mAdhyama se hama duzmana ko harA to sakate haiM kintu use jIta nahIM skte| ahiMsA kA sambandha hRdaya parivartana se hai; isake mAdhyama se hama use jIta bhI sakate haiN| vizva zAMti ke lie isa sambhAvanA ko jIvita rakhanA hogaa| hai| ahiMsakoM kI bhUla ahiMsA para AsthA rakhane vAle kucha logoM meM eka mAnasika durbalatA hotI hai| ve apane hara kArya ko ucita ThaharAnA cAhate haiN| vaha hiMsaka yA alpahiMsaka kArya bhI kareM to use ucita ThaharAne meM ahiMsaka kahane meM unheM eka mAnasika toSa prApta hotA hai ahiMsA para mAtra AsthA hone yA ahiMsaka samAja meM janma lene mAtra se koI pUrNa ahiMsaka nahIM ho jAtA hai| rAga-dveSa se rahita vItarAgI jo kare vaha ahiMsA hai yaha to eka bAra mAnA bhe jA sakatA hai, kintu ahiMsA para mAtra vizvAsa rakhane vAlA jo kucha bhI kare vaha 'ahiMsA' hai; yaha nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| hiMsA ko ahiMsA kahakara yA mAnakara hama mAnasika santuSTi bhale hI kara leM, siddhAnta kI surakSA nahIM kara skte| 'ahiMsA' jaise

Page #174
172 ahiMsA darzana zAzvata siddhAnta kA paristhiti ke sAtha samajhautA mujhe svIkRta nahIM hai| hama 'hiMsA' kareM-yaha hamArI majabUrI ho sakatI hai, kintu yaha ahiMsA nahIM ho sktii| ahiMsA kA sthAyI siddhAnta hai-rAga-dveSa se mukta apramatta honaa|' yuddha ko donoM ora se rAga-dveSa mukta nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| AkramaNakArI rAga dveSa yukta hokara yuddha karatA hai aura pratyAkramaNakArI rAga-dveSa mukta hokara yuddha karatA hai-aisI sthApanA nahIM kI jA sktii| niHzastrIkaraNa kI avadhAraNA vizva zAMti kI sthApanA ke lie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ni:zastrIkaraNa kA siddhAnta diyA thaa| zastra kA prayoga jaba bhI hogA kisI na kisI jIva ke vadha ke lie hogA yA use du:kha pahu~cAne ke lie hogaa| cAhe usase AkramaNa kiyA jAya yA aatmrkssaa| loga gharoM meM Atma-rakSA ke uddezya se rivAlvara yA bandUka rakhate haiN| kabhI vikSiptatA kI sthiti meM, Akroza meM manuSya yA to svayaM ko bhI mAra letA hai yA apane hI parivAra ke sadasyoM ko bhI bhUna DAlatA hai| isI prakAra paramANu bama yA jaivika hathiyAra banAne vAle rASTroM ko svayaM ke hathiyAroM se svayaM ko bhI kitanA bar3A khatarA hai? pAkistAna bhArata para paramANu hathiyAra kA prayoga kare to kyA usakA svayaM kA koI nukasAna nahIM hogA? svayaM ke vinAza kI kImata para bhI dUsare ke vinAza kI bAta socanA kitanI bhayAvaha hai? isIlie yuddha kabhI samAdhAna nahIM bana sakatA; vaha to hamezA kI taraha eka 'samasyA' ke rUpa meM hI rhegaa| yuddha majabUrI ho sakatA hai anivArya nhiiN| zikSA se ho zuruAta merI to mAnyatA hai ki 'ahiMsA' viSaya zikSA kA anivArya aMga banA denA caahie| siddhAnta aura prayoga ina donoM mAdhyamoM se pratyeka chAtra evaM chAtrA ko anya viSayoM ke sAtha sAtha ahiMsA kA zikSaNa-prazikSaNa 1. 'aprAdurbhAvaH khalu rAgAdInAM bhvtyhiNseti|' -puruSArthasihyupAya/44

Page #175
niSkarSa 173 denA caahie| vizva zAnti ke prayAsoM meM pahalA kadama yaha honA cAhie ki deza ke naunihAloM ko janma se hI ahiMsA kI anivArya zikSA dI jaay| du:kha hotA hai jaba baccoM ko varNamAlA ke kaileNDara meM 'ba' mAne bandUka par3hAyA jAtA hai| 'ba' mAne 'battakha', 'bandara' bhI chApa sakate haiN| napharata aura hiMsA ko janma se samApta karane ke lie yaha sUkSma dRSTi hameM rakhanI hI hogii| mUlyoM ko sAmpradAyika karAra dekara kabhI kabhI hama bahuta bar3I bhUla kara dete haiN| Aja saiksa ejukezana para koI vizeSa virodha darja nahIM hotA kintu jaba hama ahiMsA Adi zAzvata mUlyoM ko pAThyakrama meM sammilita karane kI bAta kahate haiM to sAmpradAyika kahakara usakI upekSA kara dI jAtI hai| prastuta grantha ke mAdhyama se hamane yaha samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki 'ahiMsA' sAmpradAyika nahIM hai| isa zAzvata mUlya kA sambandha pratyeka dharma se hai| vAstava meM yadi hama 'ahiMsA' kI punarsthApanA karanA cAhate haiM to usakI mUlabhAvanA ko samajhanA hogaa| vizvazAnti kA mArga hameM adhyAtma meM hI milegaa| hama adhyAtma kA vikAsa jitanA adhika kareMge utane hI adhika vizva zAnti ke nikaTa phuNceNge| bhagavAna mahAvIra jaise mahApuruSoM ne apanI AtmA ko itanA adhika nirmala banAyA ki unake vyApta AbhAmaNDala se narakoM meM bhI hiMsA ruka gayI, zera-gAya eka hI ghATa para pAnI pIne laga gye| isIlie vizva zAMti kA saccA mArga AtmajJAna se hokara nikalatA hai| saca hI kahA gayA hai AtmajJAna hI jJAna hai, zeSa sabhI ajnyaan| vizva zAMti kA mUla hai, vItarAga vijnyaan||

Page #176
mUla grantha - 1. AcArAMga 2. samayasAra - AcArya kundakunda 3. pravacanasAra - AcArya kundakunda 4. tattvArthasUtra - AcArya umAsvAmI 5. uttarAdhyayana 6. puruSArthasiddhayupAya AcArya amRtacandra 7. bhagavad gItA - nArAyaNa zrIkRSNa 8. guru grantha sAhiba 9. kurAna zarIpha 10. saMyukta nikAya 11. chAndogyopaniSad 12. manusmRti 13. mahAbhArata 14. matsyapurANa 15. Rgveda 16. atharvaveda 17. yajurveda sahAyaka grantha sUcI 18. dhammapada 19. suttanipAta 20. samaNasuttaM

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176 ahiMsA darzana sahAyaka grantha 1. ahiMsA aura aparigraha - nIraja jaina, satanA, (ma.pra.) ahiMsA aura zAnti - AcArya mahAprajJa, Adarza sAhitya saMgha prakAzana, 210, dInadayAla upAdhyAya mArga, nayI dillI-110002, (2005) 3. ahiMsA : mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM-DaoN0 hukamacanda bhArilla, paNDita ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, e-4, bApUnagara, jayapura-302015, (2006) ahiMsA - DaoN0 baccharAja dUgar3a, prAcya zramaNa bhAratI, mujaphpharanagara, (2001) 5. ahiMsA tattvadarzana - yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, Adarza sAhitya saMgha prakAzana, curu, (rAja.) (1998) ahiMsA vizvakoza, bhAga-1-2, subhadramuni, prakAzaka yUnivarsiTI pablikezansa, naI dillI - 2004 7. ahiMsA prazikSaNa - saMpA. muni dharmeza, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, 1994 ahiMsA evaM paryAvaraNa siddhAntoM kA akSaya srota : jainadharma - pro. DaoN. rAjArAma jaina, mohanalAla candravatI jaina TrasTa, dillI 2007 karuNAzIla hRdaya - parama pAvana dalAI lAmA, phula sarkala, dilazAda gArDana, dillI -110095 (1998) gA~dhI jIvana darzana-DaoN0 candrikAprasAda zarmA sAhityaprakAzana, mAlIpAr3adillI - 110006, (1995) 11. gA~dhI darzana kI rUparekhA-DaoN. akhilezvaraprasAda dube, nardana bukasenTara, 221/1, aMsArI roDa, naI dillI 110002(2003) 12. gA~dhI kI ahiMsA : prazikSaka nidarzikA - ena. rAdhAkRSNana, gA~dhI smRti evaM darzana samiti, rAjaghATa, nayI dillI, (2001)

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niSkarSa 13. cAritra cakravartI paNDita sumeracanda divAkara, zrI bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina mahAsabhA, nayI dillI-110019 (2006) 14. jinAgamasAra sampAdaka pavana jaina, zrI digambara jaina mumukSu maNDala, 32, gA~dhI roDa, deharAdUna - 248001, (1996) 15. jainadharma aura darzana - muni zrI pramANasAgara, zrI digambara jaina prakAzana samiti, barelA, jabalapura (ma0pra0) (1998) 16. jainadharma : eka jhalaka DaoN0 anekAnta jaina, prakAzaka, AcArya zAntisAgara granthamAlA, bur3hAnA uttarapradeza, paJcama saMskaraNa (2011) 17. jaina AcAra: siddhAnta aura svarUpa jaina granthAlaya, zAstrI sarkala, udayapura 177 18. 21. 22. devendra munizAstrI, zrI tArakaguru 313000 (rAja0) (1982) 19. paramapuruSArthaM ahiMsA prakAzaka, jainA vidyA saMsthAna, jayapura 20. pravacanasAra, bra. zItala prasAda TIkA, saMpAdaka, DaoN. anekAnta jaina, saralA prakAzana, dillI, 2009 pArivArika zAnti aura anekAnta DaoN0 baccharAja dUgar3a / DaoN0 Aloka, prAcya zramaNa bhAratI, mujaphpharanagara, (2001) pravacanaratnAkara bhAga-8 - sampAdaka DaoN0 hukamacanda bhArilla, paNDita ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, e-4, bApUnagara jayapura-302015 (1995) pravacana parIkSA, prastAvanA saM. pro. phUlacandajaina premI, prakAzaka sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI (2007) 23. bhAratIya darzanoM meM ahiMsA tattva, surendrakumAra tyAgI, klAsikala pablisiMga kampanI, 28, zaoNpiMga senTara, karamapurA, navI dillI-110015 (1999) 24. bhikSu vicAra darzana yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAja.) (1991)

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178 ahiMsA darzana 25. bhArata kA saMvidhAna : eka paricaya - brajakizora zarmA, peMTisa haoNla oNpha iNDiyA, nayI dillI - 110011 (2004) 26. mAnavatA kI dhurI-nIraja jaina, prAcya zramaNa bhAratI, 12/e, nikaTa jaina mandira, premapurI, mujaphpharanagara, (2006) 27. mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - pro0 DaoN0 phUlacanda jaina premI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodhasaMsthAna, vArANasI (u0pra0), 221005 28. mahAtmA IsA - AcArya vidyAnanda munirAja 29. rAtri bhojana : eka vaijJAnika dRSTi - ailaka nirbhaya sAgara, saMskaraNa - 2003 30. vizva-zAnti evaM ahiMsA prazikSaNa - DaoN0 baccharAja dUgar3a, AcArya zAntisAgara smRti granthamAlA, bur3hAnA (u0pra0) (2001) 31. vizvazAnti kA sandeza - svAmI vivekAnanda, gaNapati prakAzana, dillI -110032 (2002) 32. vivekAnanda sAhitya (sabhI khaNDa) advaitaAzrama, 5, DihI eNTAlI roDa, kalakattA-4, paJcama saMskaraNa (1998) 33. saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya - rAmadhArI siMha dinakara, lokabhAratI prakAzana, 15-e, mahAtmA gA~dhI mArga, ilAhAbAda-1 (1997) samasyA kA sAgara, ahiMsA kI naukA - AcArya tulasI, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, 210, dInadayAla upAdhyAya mArga, nayI dillI-110002 35. satprarUpaNAsAra - saMpA. DaoN. anekAnta jaina, prakAzaka, zAMtisAgara chANI granthamAlA, bur3hanA, 2005 36. saMvegacUr3AmaNi - DaoN. anekAnta jaina, prakAzaka, sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI, 2000 37. zramaNa Avazyaka niyukti - saMpAdaka pro. phUlacanda premI, prakAzaka, jina phAuNDezana, naI dillI

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niSkarSa English Books - 1. Ahimsa - The Science of Peace - Surendra Bothara, Prakrit Bharti Acamemy, Jaipur (1987) 2. 3. 4. 5. 2. 3. 4. patra / patrikAyeM 1. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. The Law of Non-violence and its Relevance for all TimesV.P. Kothari, Jain Samskrti samrakshaka Sangha, Solapur. (1975) The art and Science of Self realization (Purusharthasiddhyupaya of Amritachandra Suri) edited by Jagdish Prasad Jain 'Sadhak' The Jaina Path of Ahimsa - Dr. Vilas Sangave, Mahaveer research centre, Shravika Sanstha, Solapur-2, (1991) 179 The Conception of Ahimsa in Indian Thought - Dr. Koshalya Walli, Bharata Manisha, Varanasi, (1974) Times of India, New Delhi vijJAna pragati, naI dillI navabhArata TAimsa, naI dillI tulasI prajJA, jainavizvabhAratI vizvavidyAlaya, lADanUM anekAnta vIra sevA mandira, naI dillI arhat vacana kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura jinabhASita, AgarA tIrthaMkara vANI, ahamadAbAda prAkRta vidyA, kundakunda bhAratI, naI dillI -

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DR. ANEKANT KUMAR JAIN (Awarded by President of India) Designation Associate Professor and Head - Deptt.Of Jainphilosophy, Faculty of Philosophy Sri Lalbahadur Shastri Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeeth Deemed University Under Ministry Of HRD Qutab Institutional Area, New Delhi-110016 Qualification: * M.A., Phd (Jainology & Comparative Religion & Philosophy) * Acharya( Prakrit Language, Buddha Philosophy, Jain Philosophy) * JRF From UGC Date Of Birth - 16 August 1978 Experience: 15 years UG/PG classes and Ph.d Research Guidance for three students Publications : * 10 Books, 50 Research Articles In National And International Journals. More Then 150 Articles Published in Many National News Papers Like (Dainik Jagran, Hindustan, Nbt, Ras.Sahara, Amarujala; Raj.Patrika, Dainik Tribune, Etc.) Many Poetry, Stories Published In Various Magazines, News Papers. Script Writing For Documentary Films. Editor - PAGAD BHASA (The first News Paper in Prakrit Language Residence & Contacts : *JIN FOUNDATION', A 93 / 7A, Jain Mandir Colony, Behind Nanda Hospital, Chattarpur Extention, New Delhi110030;MOB: 9711397716 ,0986898396; EmailID-anekant76@gmail.com Activities (Social & Academic): Presented Research Papers In 50 National & International Seminars on Jainism. Faculty member Of International School for Jain Studies New delhi

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* Delivered Many Lectures About Spiritual Life Style In Various Institutions. Delivered Lectures On DDI, Other T.V. Channels And A.I. Radio, N. Delhi * Workshops For Meditation & Stress Management * Delivered Pravachan And Lectures On Paryushan Parva In Different Cities From 20 Years. Presented Special Lecture In International Interfaith Conferences For Peace In Japan And Taiwan. SUS Dr. Anekant Kumar Jain is a rare combination of tradition and modernity His life is dedicated to give bhtne more & more in field of Jainology & Prakrit Literature. He has been Gold Medalist in M.A. in Jainology and Comparative Religion and Philosophy and in Buddha Darshan Aacharya. His nine books has been published in which any body can find the standard of research, manuscript editing ,explanation of subject and the different original thoughts. His famous book written on the Jain philosophy named 'JAIN DHARM EK JHALAK' (IE Tei 9751 ) has been sold out more then 25,000 copies ahiMsA darzana with six editions. His new book 'Ahinsa Darshan : ek Anuchintan' (31FT FT : T ) is recently observed by the President of India. More then 60 research articles and more then 100 general articles has been published in reputed Research journals National news papers like Dainik Jagran ,NBT, Hindustaan Amar Ujala etc and magazines. He has presented his research papers in more then 60 International and national seminars in HT AL WIX cu M ile 321 ode Recordar 120/1 i Jo r qu 571

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( archief Prakritainleg kisasa a O India and abroad. He is honoured By Kundkund Gyanpeeth dArzanika samanvaya kI jaina dRSTi Award' (Franceta ftoqet), 'Arhatvachan Award'(arhatvacana puraskAra1999),conducted by KndkundGyanpeeth, Indore, 'Jain VidyaBhask ar-2008'(FG FETT TT-P00C)by Jain socity,Firojabad and 'Yuva Vachaspati'( f -)by Jain socity Kolkata, for his research and scholarship.Recently his research book "Darshnik Samanvay ki Jain Drishti : NAYVAD(Eteffi a hratt fa pag )"is saMvega-cUr3AmaNi selected best research for the Mahaveer Award - 2013(Hard R-2023) conducted by the Jain Vidya Sansthan Jaipur. The two ancient Jain Scholar Societies Shastri Parishad and Vidwat Parishad has been awarded him on 2013 and 2014 for his outstanding contribution to Jainism and Prakrit language. In research field, his analytical power is awesome. The most important feature of Anekant is that in spite of having such a good command over Jaina agamas and Philosophy, he has not kept himself confined to this field only, he is equally good in Hindi, Sanskrit ,Prakrit and English Languages and not only languages but also in the field of Poetry He discovered and edited rare ancient SaDdarzanaSu pramANaprameyasamuccayaH Sanskrit and Prakrit manuscripts named 'SaDadarzaneSupramANaprameyasamuccayaH' and 'saMvegacUNAmaNi' which was written by ancient Jain monks. He edited the Hindi commentary by Br. Sheetal prasaad ji on the AcArya kundakunda viracita Prakrit text pravacanasAra named pAgada-bhAsA Y ER'. (zaurasenI prAkRta bhASA kA prAcIna jaina Agama graMtha) He started bhASA TIkA the first news paper in Prakrit language named 'TTIEHTT which is the unique contribution to promote this elegate

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ancient language among common peoples. THUHTUSHIR: prameyakamalamArtaNDasAraH AcArya prabhAva DaoN. anekAnamArana . Recently he had done hard work to conclude the famous Jain Nyay book named "Prameya Kamal Martand'- a very detailed Sanskrit commentary Witten by Aacharya Prabhachandra in Eleventh century. This is a unique work in the field of Jain logic. Bhartiya Gyaanpeeth ,New Delhi has published this book named 'THUCHCHISHT:'. He is well-versed in Information Technology and is keen to utilize it in Prakrit/Sanskrit teaching and research. These out-of-the-box features of Anekant differentiate him from those who are confined to conventional knowledge of Prakrit and Jainism. Also, these features make him demand of the time to make Jainism popular and useful for common people. Recently the president of India Mr Pranab Mukharjee has been awarded him by young President award named 'MAHARSHI VADRAYAN VYAS SAMMAN'-2013 at president house on 17 January 2014 for his contributions in the field of Prakrit Vangmaya.