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INTRODUCTION
panditamarana (gā. 41-50), extensive preaching on indifference to worldly objects (gā. 51-67), exposition of the means to protect the five great vows, importance of self-restraints (guptis) and selfregulations (samitis) (gā. 68-77), importance of penance (gā. 78-79), discussion pertaining to spiritual discipline and panditamarana (gā. 80-92), nature of the anāhāraka, importance of ārādhană, superiority of pure mind (gā. 93-96), degeneration due to lethargy, importance of the stoppage of karmic influx (gā. 97-100), superiority of knowledge, faith in Religion preached by Jina (gā. 101-106), description of a variety of renunciation, attainment of samadhi (pure concentration or meditation) by means of renunciation (pratyākhyāna) (gā. 107-112), importance of any one padaArihanta or Siddha or Ācārya etc.--for aradhanā (gā. 113-120), exhortation to endure pains (gā. 121-125), description of abhyudyatamarana and treatment of the attainment of ārädhana. patākā (gā. 126-134), preaching on how to cross the ocean of samsāra and how to destroy karmas (gā. 135-136), types of arādhana and its fruit (gā. 137-139), prayer to all living beings for forgiveness, praise of dhiramarana and fruit of renunciation (pratyākhyāna) (gā. 140-142).
8. Isibhāsiyāim: This Prakırnaka consists of 45 adhyayanas by 45 Rşis-one adhyayana by one Rși. These Rșis were pratyekabuddhas. Of them, 20 belong to the period of Lord Neminátha, 15 to that of Lord Pārsvanātha and 10 to that of Lord Mahāvīra. The Rsibhășitasangrahani has a găthā stating this fact; see p. 179, gāthā 1. One who is spiritually enlightened through one's own effort is called pratyekabuddha. The names of the 45 Rșis are as follows: 1. Nārada (Devanārada), 2. Vajjitaputta, 3. Asitadavila, 4. Bhāradvājagotrīya Amgarisi or Amgirisi (Angirasa?), 5. Puşpaśālaputra, 6. Valkalacīrī, 7. Kūrmāputra, 8. Ketaliputra, 9. Mahākāśyapa, 10. Tetaliputra, 11. Mankhaliputra, 12. Yajñavalka, 13. Bhayāli, 14. Bāhuka, 15. Madhurāyana, 16. Sauryāyaṇa, 17. Vidu (? Vidvāna, Vijña), 18. Varisakanha (Vārşaganya ?), 19. Āryāyaṇa, 20. Anonymous, 21. Gāthāpatiputra (Taruņa), 22. Gardabha (Dagabhāla ?), 23. Rāmaputra, 24. Harigiri, 25. Ambada, 26. Mātanga, 27. Vāratraka, 28. Ardraka, 29. Varddhamāna, 30. Vāyu (Satyasamyukta), 31. Pārsva, 32. Pinga (a Brāhmana Pariyrājaka), 33. Arani (Mahāśälaputra), 34. Rşigiri (a Brāhmaṇa Parivrājaka), 35. Auddālaka, 36. Vitta (Tārāyana), 37. Śrīgiri (a Brāhmaṇa Pariyrājaka), 38. Svätiputra (Buddha), 39. Samjaya, 40. Dvaipāyana, 41. Indranāga, 42. Soma, 43. Yama, 44. Varuņa and 45. Vaiśravaņa. These 45 Rşis are called 'Arhať, 'Rşi', 'mukta' and 'mokşaprāpta'. The brief adhyayanawise substance of the tract is as follows.
Adhyayana I declares that whatever has bearing on non-violence,
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