________________
120
Saka-Samvat 406 A.D. 484-85.
Ashadha (June-July); the bright fortnight; the 12th tithi; Suraguruvara (Thursday)
33
The time, after sunrise, on which the Tithi ended.
Reckoned from mean sunrise at Bombay
Ujjain. Eran..
33
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
در
33
15
33
33
apparent sunrise at Eran
given from apparent sun-rise. In practice, however, so much minutoness is not always and everywhere attempted; at least, in the present day, in the Dekkan. For this reason, it seems, Prof. K. L. Chhatre has not noticed this point in his method exhibited above. But I will now give the tithi in question from apparent sun rise at Eran. Without going through the process, which is rather too complicated to be given in the present paper, I will state only the result, that the apparent sun-rise at Eran, on the day in question, took place gh. 1, p. 56, before the mean sun-rise; the latitude of Eran used in the process, being 24° 5. Adding, therefore, gh. 1, p. 56, to the above result from mean sun-rise, we get gh. 50, P. 33, reckoned from apparent sun-rise, at which the given tithi, Ashadha sukla 12, ended at Erap on the Thursday.
Before dismissing this part of the subject, I would point out that the calculation of a tithi, by the above method, is not of necessity absolutely accurate, according to the present absolutely accurate European Tables of the sun and the moon. Absolute accuracy, in this sense, could be ensured only by working from the actual places or longitudes of the sun and the moon, to be determined in strict accordance with the method prescribed for that purpose. The tithi obtained by the method exhibited above, will differ, sometimes by as much as 10 ghatis, from that which would be obtained from the apparent places of the sun and the moon, actually calculated from Prof. K. L. Chhatre's Tables for the sun and the moon. The difference, however, at full-moon and new-moon will be very small, 1 ghati at the greatest;
By K. L. Chhatre's method exhibited above.
gh.
p.
47 43
48 12
48 37 50 33
[APRIL, 1887.
By the SuryaSiddhanta.
gh. p.
50 42
51 11
51 36
53
32
10 See page 115 above. note 10.
By the SiddhantaŠiromani.
gh. p.
52 52
53 21
53 46
5542
and it reaches its maximum on, the eighth tithi of the bright and of the dark fortnight. But, in respect of this second possible method of Prof. K. L. Chhatre, it must be stated that we have nothing to do with it in dealing with Hindu tithis; for the reason that, with the exception of the phala-samskára, the corrections introduced by him in finding the apparent longitude of the moon, were not taken into account by ancient Hindu astronomers.
And, on the other hand, the method exhibited above being in close agreement with Hindu works, it may be claimed that the tithi obtained by it will differ but very little from the tithi obtained by the method prescribed in the Surya-Siddhanta and other Hindu works. The difference will amount to 5 or 6 ghatis at the utmost; and that in but very few cases.
In order, however, that no room may be left for doubt, I have calculated the tithi in the present example actually by the Surya-Siddhanta and the Siddhanta-Siromani. I calculated it first for Ujjain, reckoning from the mean sunrise there; and then turned it into the tithi for
Erap. The longitude of Ujjain is 75° 43', east of Greenwich. I have also calculated the ghatis and palas from the apparent sun-rise at Eran; and all the results are given in the Table on the top of this page. From them we see that the tithi fell on a Thursday, according to all the authorities. The result arrived at from the Siddhanta-Siromani, may be said to be the result from also the Brahma-Siddhanta; since the former is based on the latter. I have not at present a copy of the Arya-Siddhanta to refer to; but I am confident that that anthority would give the same general result.
