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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
(JUNE, 1887.
name as a child was Jetaka, and he tells us so also he had become a convert to the doctrine that Nagarjuna had known him as a boy in taught by his protégé. the state called Salamana' (or Alamana' P) I have only one remark more on this point; Where this is, I can offer no opinion; but and that relates to the name of the king as it seems probable that it was one of those given by Guņavarman. He is very distinct on countries in which Kumârajivao says he (i.e. this matter, as the title of his translation Nagarjuna) passed his younger daye, "travel. shews: he calls him. Shan-to-kia, which can ling alone through all countries; and acquiring only be restored to Jantaka. I do not think the worldly arts, such as astronomy, geography that this is a form of Jotaka, the king's and the power of magic." It may have been, early name; for it would be out of reason to and probably was, some district where foreign apply to the king the name borne in childhood. intercourse had brought these arts to the I confess I have a strong leaning to derive this front, and in no part was this the case more name Jantaka from the place-name Ujjanta' than in the neighbourhood of the mouths of in Saurashtra; not only because it was a the Indus.
seat of learning, but especially on account It would seem from the introductory lines of its rock-hewn saigharáma. Moreover, as it of the letter, that the king, whoever was a sacred spot among the Jains, it seems he was, had in his early days been versed possible that this king,-- who came from Shingin the knowledge of other teachers besides tu, and was called a believer in other teachers Buddha. The expression used is a singular than Buddha, and who himself excavated a one. The letter says—“The king, al. rock-hewn temple for Någårjana,-might have though he was formerly versed in the teach. taken his name from this celebrated district. ing of many masters, now, in addition, hear- We should thus have the two names, Sindhuka ing the words of Buddha, will add to and Jantaka, both derived from localities, the excellency of the knowledge he has reach- viz. the Sindh river (Indus) and Ujjanta. But ed." Here we seem to have a hint that, I leave this to more competent judges. 88 a boy, the king in question, Shi-yen-teh-kia The translation of the Suhrillókha by Gungor Sha-to-po-han-na, was not a follower of varman comprises 442 lines, seven symbols in Buddha, or had not been trained as a Buddhist. each line. As a specimen of the character of It is true that Mr. Kasawara, as reported the advice given to the king, I add a transby Dr. Müller, translates this passage dif- lation of about 100 lines. The whole may be ferently ; thus-"Although thou, O King, hast revised and edited at a future time :already been acquainted with the law of such- “The Choice Law-verses of Náydrjunanons (tathátvam), yet hear further the words of Bodhi-sattva, written for the sake of Buddha, so that thou mayest increase thy Jantakarája.-Translated by the Doctor understanding and excellence." But the ex- of the Law, Gunavarman, of the Sung pression ju-jw is explained by Samghavarman
dynasty, A.D. 431." to mean "all the Buddhas," or rather "all “King Jantaka should assuredly know those who have come as Teachers or prophets ;" "That the sorrows resulting from birth and hence a common name for Buddha himself is death, numerous as they are, Chin-ju "the true one, who has thus come," "Are all the result of the overshadowing in distinction from all others. I take it, there- influences resulting from ignorance. fore, that by using the expressions above quoted, “And now, for the king's profit, I desire to Nagarjuna was hinting at his patron's con- excite (some religious feeling). version to Buddhism; and that, as the Prince “Just as the artist, who draws a figure of had been his Dúnapati in the land of Alamana,' Buddha, Life of Lung-sha by Kumarajtva.
period, the name of the mountain was Urjayata. Judging Jour of the Pals Text Soc. 1883;-"The Times," from the extracts from the Chirndra-Mommys given in Sept. 22, 1883.
Archaol. Suru. West. Ind. Vol. II. p. 155 ff., this appears 1.. tho Girnar Hill, close to the town of Junagadh.- in medieval times as Ujjayanta. But the Chinese form Ito name is corruption of the Sanskrit giri-nagara Yuh-chen-to (Beal's Budah. Rec. Wost. World, Vol. II. "the city of or on the hill," which, in the Early Gupta P. 269) seems to show that Prakrit form Ujjanta (or period and before it, was the name of the ancient town Ujjayanta) was in use in fairly early times.-J. F. F.] now represented by the modern Jungwdh. In the same
