Udisa me Jain Dharm

Author(s): Lalchand Jain
Publisher: Joravarmal Sampatlal Bakliwal
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/003670/1

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umm pro. lAlacanda jaina J e tion International

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ur3IsA meM jaina dharma 100 104 -R.F 98393 6410, 2010464661 mari nisi om saibo dAnoM ke st bnsists o ya lewliis Jelezeqme? Isms werel vd bodeddy nasiusd mist asonsrtals, OM pro. lAlacanda jaina ema.e. (darzanazAstra, prAkRta- jainolojI evaM saMskRta) jUna 2006 pI. eca. DI., AcArya (jaina darzana) bAla 18003 Hims pUrva adhyakSa, jaina vidyA kendra, utkala saMskRti vizvavidyAlaya, bhuvanezvara, ur3IsA yana

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ur3IsA meM jaina dharma lekhaka : pro. lAlacanda jaina dvArA kumAra rAjIva jaina, reDiyo kAlonI, pannAnAkA, chatarapura, ma.pra,- 471 001 dUrabhASa : 09334340172, 09425365619 prakAzaka : jorAvaramala sapaMta lAla bAkalIvAla, cAvalIyA gaMja, kaTaka, ur3IsA : lekhaka mudraNa : aMkitA grAphiksa bhuvanezvara, ur3IsA, dUrAbhASa : 09437077337 prachada : saroja mahApAtra prakAzana kAla : jyeSThazuklA paMcamI, vI.ni.saM.2532, 1jUna, 2006 mUlya : 50/ By Odisa me jain Dharm : Prof. Dr. Lalchand Jain Published by : Jorawarmal Sampatalat Bakilwal Chauliaganja, Cuttack, Orissa. : Prof. Dr. Lalchandra Jain Printed by : Ankita Graphics, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, Ph.: 09437077337 Cover : Saroj Mahapatra First Edition : Shruta Panchami - 2006 Price : Rs. 50/

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for the bar zruta paMcamI jUna, 2006 chatarapura, ma.pra. samarpaNa vidvAnoM ke preraNA srota evaM zubha cintaka, sarAkoddhAraka paramapUjya upAdhyAya 108 zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ke kara-kamaloM meM sAdara-sanamra samarpita / and tea and a sa / / / zi zraddhAvanata pro. lAlacanda jaina

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zrI candraprabhu jina caityAlaya ja Qu LC Coisa zrI candraprabhu jina caityAlaya, cAvalIyAgaMja, nayAbajAra, kaTaka, kI sthApanA paramapUjyA AryikA 105 indumatI mAtAjI ke saMghastha, AryikA 105 supArzvamatI mAtAjI kI maMgala preraNA aura AzIrvAda se tathA AryikA vidyAmatI mAtAjI evaM AryikA suprabhA mAtAjI kI mAMgalika upasthiti meM zrI saMpatalAla bAkalIvAla ke bhavana meM dinAMka 12.05.1980 ko huI thI / IV 1)

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PREFACE The Book "Odisha me Jain Dharm" Authored by Porf. Lal Chand Jain in Hindi is a right step in bringing to limelight the glorious heritage of this land connected with Jainsim and Kharavel for the benefit of the Hindi speaking people. It is indeed a long felt need and the Utkal University of Culture have done a lot of work in this regard under the able guidance of Porf. Jain. Jainism grounded in reality of life and living with liberality of mind and a broad outlook of universal piety became popular in Orissa right from the beginning. In spite of the recognition of the status of Tribarna and jain Siddhant the preaching of Mahavira and the practice of Kharavel loosened the rigidity of casteism and created favourable social system opening of the flood gates for the poor and lowly. In a way it recoginised equality of men. This singular factor was responsible for Jainism becoming the facilitator to bring together everyone into a platform cultivating brotherly love and universal peace. The rational explanation of caste that men are born in lower and higher castes according to their conduct in a former existence induced everybody that by living a life of purity and conduct that one could achieve his salvation and by this way, one can ensure his next birth in a higher status as well. This humanist approach of Jainism has been aptly demonstrated by various activities of Kharavel as known from Hatigumpha Inscription and the sculptural representation on the caves found in Khandagiri and Udayagiri. Kharavel heralded a new concept as a soldier and a savant, a conqueror and administrator, a king and a sage. In fact, he has been depicted

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as a Rajashree as well as the upholder of law, protector of law and the executor of law aiming at bestowing the highest benefit to men. It is with this lived in personal example kharavel unveiled a new religious faith and belief in Jainism which gave birth to syncretic and synthetic humanism that made Orissa famous as a land of meaningful religious toleration. Buddhism, Jainism and Brahminism moved together with least internal strives even with different ruling dynasties professing different religious creed. Prof. Jain has ably dealt with this aspect with suitable and relevant references derived from the Hatigumpha inscription. His attempt to codify the jain monuments spread in the nook and corner of Orissa had made relevant contribution to the history and popularity of jainism in Orissa. I hope, this work will go a long way in projecting Jainism of Orissa in the history and culture of India with specific contribution of Kharavel for the spread of jainism. (S.C. Panda) Vice-Chancellor Utkal University of Culture, Bhubaneswar

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do zabda bhuvanezvara Ane ke pUrva ur3IsA ke viSaya meM mujhe bRhada jAnakArI nahIM thii| yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki ukta viSaya meM merI jAnakArI sImita thii| agasta 2003 meM jainaceyara (jaina vidyAkendra), utkala saMkRti vizvavidyAlaya, bhuvanezvara kA prabhAra lene ke pazcAt usa punIta dharaNI tala ko namana karane kA svarNa avasara milA jahA~ para tra-SabhanAtha, zreyAMsanAtha, arahanAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra tIrthaMkaroM ke vihAra hue, aura jahA~ I.pU pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM (sambhavataH isa se pUrva bhI) sarva prathama nirmita kaliMgajina kI mUrti kI pUjA-arcanA aura vaMdanA hotI thii| prAcIna ur3IsA vizva meM eka anokhA, anUThA aura vilakSaNa deza thA, jahA~ para I.pU. dUsarI zatAbdI meM jainadharma rASTrIya dharma thaa| isakA zreya tatkAlIna samrATa khAravela ko hai, jo jaina dharma ke lie samarpita the| unakI udAravAdI aura sahiSNu nIti kA hI yaha phala thA kI jainadharma I.san 16 vIM zatAbdI taka zaiva dharma ke caramotkarSa kAla meM bhI vibhinna jiloM meM ziva maMdiroM meM bhI pratiSThita raha kara apanA astitva kAyama rakha skaa| jaba kI isa deza kI dharma-urvarA bhUmi meM aneka dharma utpanna hue aura zaizava kAla meM hI vinaSTa ho gye| pratApa nagarI, khaMDagiri, udayagiri, bhAnupura, kupArI, ayodhyA, bhImapura, vardhanapura carampA, purI koNArka Adi jaina darzanIya smArakoM kA bhramaNa kara maine mAnA ki jagannAthapurI jise hindu dharma kA yerUzalama kahA jA sakatA hai, ke maMdiroM meM yathA muktezvara bhuvanezvara Adi maMdiroM meM aura sthAnoM para jaina mUrtiyoM kI pUjA ve apanI-apanI paddhati ke anusAra Aja bhI karate haiN| isI se anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki ur3IsA meM jaina dharma kI jar3eM kitanI gaharI thiiN| kaliMga ke ukta jainadharma ke darzanIya smArakoM ko jAna ne ke lie hindI bhASA meM koI pustaka Aja taka nahIM likhI gaI hai| yadi isa taraha kI koI prakAzita hui to mujhe dekhane meM nahIM AI hai| isI abhAva kI pUrti ke lie prastuta pustaka kA sRjana ho sakA hai| ela.ena.sAhu ne ur3iA bhASA meM ur3isAra jainadharma nAmaka pustaka 1955 meM likhI thI, jo anupalabdha hai| zrI kAmatA prasAda jaina ne isa kA aMgrejI anuvAda kiyA thA jo anupalabdha hone ke kAraNa mujhe prApta nahIM ho skaa| parama pUjya upAdhyAya zrI jJAna sAgara jI mahArAja ke zubha sAnnidhya meM mujhe 2005 kA zruta saMvardhana puraskAra prApta huA thaa| usa samaya apane AzIrvacana meM eka varSa ke aMdara eka pustaka likhane kI maMgala preraNA pradAna kI thI, isI kAraNa se mai isa pustaka kA sRjana karane ke lie prayatnazIla huaa| una ke caraNoM meM merA bArambAra nmostu| VIL

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kaTaka ke caudhurI bajAra ke sannikaTa digambara jaina maMdira bahuta prAcIna aura vizAla hai| cAvalIyAgaMja se dUrastha hone ke kAraNa dharmazIla zrI saMpatalAla bAkalIvAla aura unake parivAra ke sadasyoM ko maMdira jA kara nityapratidina darzana karanA saMbhava nahIM thaa| isI asuvidhA ko dUra karane ke lie AThaveM tIrthakara candraprabha svAmI ke nAma para zrI candraprabha jina caityAlaya kI sthApanA cAvaliyA gaMja, nayA bAjAra, kaTaka meM sthita zrI saMpatalAla vAkalIvAla ke nijI AvAsa meM 12 maI 1980 ke zubha muhUrta meM huI thii| isakI sthApanA kI preraNA srota pUjanIyA aryikA zrI 105 indamatI mAtA jI ke saMghastha viduSI AryikA zrI 105 supArzvamatI mAtA jI kA maMgala AzIrvAda prApta hai| ukta saMgha kI AryikA thI 105 vidyAmatI mAtA jI aura 105 thI AryikA suprabhA mAtA jI kA bhI utsAha vardhaka zubhAzIrvAda prApta thaa| ukta caityAlaya meM AThaveM tIrthaMkara candraprabha svAmI mUla nAyaka haiN| ina ke atirikta solaha veM tIrthaMkara zAMtinAtha aura cauvIsa veM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI mUrtiyA~ bhI pratiSThita haiN| zAsana devI padmAvatI aura kSetrapAla kula pAMca mUrtiyoM se yukta caityAlaya bhavya aura zAMtidAyaka hai| isI caityAlaya se prastuta grantha kA prakAzana ho rahA haiN| ata: isa ko mai satat namana karatA huuN| isakI prakAzana rAzi zrI saMpatalAla bAkalIvAla dvArA upalabdha karAI gaI hai ; isalie ina ke prati maiM AbhAra vyakta karatA huuN| isa grantha kA inTroDaksana praphesara sAdhucaraNa paMDA, kulapati, utkala saMskRti vizva vidyAlaya, bhuvanezvara ne likha kara merA bar3A upakAra kiyA hai| ata: mai una ke prati kRtajJatA jJApita karatA huuN| zrI pavana kumAra aura saMtoSa kumAra jaina kA bhI samaya samaya para mujhe sahayoga prApta hotA rhaa| ata: ve bhI dhanyavAdAha haiN| DaoN. zrImatI jainamatI jaina ne isa kArya ko pUrA karane meM pUrNa sahayoga diyaa| ata: unheM merA satat shubhaashiiss| zIghra svaccha prakAzana meM sahayogI aMkitA graphisa, bhuvanezvara ke proprAiTara zrI saroja mahApAtra ko mai hArdika dhanyavAda diye binA nahIM raha sakatA huuN| sudhIjanoM ke sujhAoM kA svAgata hai| pAThakoM kA saMtuSTa honA hI mere isa parizrama kI saphalatA hai| vinita vI.ni.saM.2532 lekhaka zruta paMcamI VIII

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viSaya - sUcI pRSTha kra.saM 01. 01-63 A A A A A viSaya kaliMga meM jainadharma - khAravela pUrva-kAlIna jainadharma >> tIrthaMkara aura kaliMga >> kaliMga meM mahAvIra kA vihAra aura dharmopadeza > mahAvIra nirvANa ke pazcAt kaliMga meM jaina dharma > samrATa azoka kA kaliMga para AkramaNa khAravela kAlIna jainadharma > khAravela kA vyaktittva aura kartRttva > khAravela jJApaka sAhitya >> khAravela kI janmabhUmi aura unake pUrvaja > khAravela kI kumArAvasthA aura zikSaNa-prazikSaNa > jaina rAjA >> khAravela kI pArivArika sthiti >> AkarSaka vyaktittva >> rAjanIti meM dakSa : digvijaya rAjA sAtakarNI para AkramaNa magadha deza para AkramaNa yavana rAjA ko khader3anA bhArata para vijaya tamila rASTra saMgha para vijaya pAMDavoM para vijaya prajA ke zubha cintaka tathA udAra rAjA A A A A A

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dharma nirapekSa rAjA nirmANa kArya upAsaka Agama ke uddhAraka evaM zrotA bhikSu (munI) dIkSA khAravela aura jaina dharma > khAravela kA dharma 7 khAravelottara kAlIna jainadharma - ur3IsA meM mahattvapUrNa jaina smArakasthala 1. khurdA jilA 2. purI jilA 3. kaTaka jilA 4. keu~jhara jilA 5. bAlezvara jilA 6. myUrabhaMja jilA 7. gaMjAma jilA 8. kalAhANDI jilA 9. korApuTa jilA 10. DheMkAnAla jilA - sarAka : dhArmika evaM sAMskRtika vimarSa . udayagiri kI guphAoM kA zilpa saindarya - rAnI guphA bAjA guphA choTA hAthI guphA alakApurI guphA jaya-vijaya guphA 64-95

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96-120 ThAkurANI guphA pAlAlapurI guphA maMcapurI guphA gaNeza guphA jambezvara guphA bAgha guphA sarpa guphA hAthI guphA dhAnaghara guphA haridAsa guphA jagannAtha guphA rasAI guphA 03. khaNDagiri kI guphAoM kA zilpa saindarya sa tatovA guphA (1) tatovA guphA (2) ananta guphA teMtuli guphA khaNDagiri guphA dhyAna guphA navamuni guphA barahabhuji guphA mahAvIra yA trizUla guphA ambikA guphA lalATendu guphA bhagna guphA jIrNa-zIrNa guphA XI

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04. 05. ekAdazI guphA guptagaMgA-sannikaTa guphA khaNDagiri kA coTIvartI jaina maMdira 2 tra - Sabhadeva maMdira zItalanAtha maMdira pArzvanAtha maMdira (1) pArzvanAtha maMdira (2) paMcamUrtti maMdira zrI digambara jaina siddha kSetra maMdira jaina maMdira jaina dharmazAlA stha khAravela bhojanazAlA khAravela dAtavya auSadhAlaya 06. upasaMhAra pariziSTa - 1 ur3IsA ke katipaya jaina saMgrahAlaya pariziSTa - 2 katipaya prAcIna jaina mUrtiyA~ aura maMdira pariziSTa - 3 XII 121-126 ur3IsA meM jaina prAcIna darzanIya sthala kA mAnacitra pariziSTa - 4 sandarbha grantha sUcI 127-130 131-133

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prAcIna kaliMga meM jaina dharma jaba hama kaliMga deza meM jaina dharma kI carcA karate hai to isakA abhiprAya khAravelarAjya kAlIna jaina dharma se hotA hai| isakA kAraNa khAravela ke samaya meM jaina dharma kA carama saMprasAraNa, saMrakSaNa aura saMvardhana honA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki kaliMga meM jaina dharma khAravela kA paryAyavAcI bana gayA hai| tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki khAravela ke pUrva kaliMga meM jaina dharma thA hI nahIM, khAravela ke pUrva bhI kaliMga meM jaina dharma ke astitva hone ke aneka pramANa aura cinha jainAgamoM evaM hAthI guphA zilAlekha meM upalabdha haiN| unake adhyayana ke AdhAra para kaliMga meM jainadharma ke kramika vikAsa ko jAnane ke lie usakA vargIkaraNa nimmAMkita bhAgoM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| ka. khAravela ke pUrvakAla meM jaina dharma kha. khAravela kAlIna jaina dharma ga. khAravelotara kAlIna jaina dharma yahA~ hama hama ina tIna kAla khaMDoM ke AdhAra para tatkAlIna kaliMga meM jaina dharma kI aitihAsika yAtrA para dRSTipAta kregeN| ka) samrATa khAravela ke pUrva kaliMga meM jaina dharma: prAcIna kAla meM kaliMga deza eka mahAna gauravazAlI deza thaa| yahA~ kI miTTI se vividha prakAra ke dharmoM kA janma huaa| dUsare zabdoM meM prAcIna kAla meM vizva ke advitIya aura anupama kaliMga deza meM urvarita hone vAle dharmoM meM sarvazreSTha, jyeSTha aura gariSTha dharma ke rUpa meM jainadharma vizva vizruta(prasiddha) thaa| ukta kaliMga hI Aja uDIsA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| uDIsA yA kaliMga meM jaina dharma kA prArambha kabase huA? yaha prazna bAra-bAra mAnasa paTala meM ubharatA rahatA hai| aneka vidvAnoM ne isake samAdhAna karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| lekina jijJAsA jyoM kI tyoM vardhanazIla rahI, kyoM ki tatsUcaka sAdhanoM kA amAva hone se prAk aitihAsika kAlIna ghaTanAoM kI eka tithi nizcita karanA kisI ko bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| jaina monumenTasa oNpha uDIsA meM Ara. pI mahApAtra ne ThIka hI kahA hai|

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"Owing to paucity of materials of positive nature, the exact date of the begining of Jainism in Orissa can not be determined. However from legendary and traditional accounts and indirect references it can be reasonabaly traced back to a period much earlier than that of the rise of Buddhism under Gautam Buddha." tIrthakara aura kaliMga : isa avasarpiNI kAla meM hue 24 tIrthakaroM meM se - tra-Sabhadeva, AdinAtha athavA prathama tIrthakara kA saMbaMdha kaliMga athavA prAcIna uDIsA kI sAMskRtika itihAsa ke sAtha atyadhika hai, aisA vidvAnoM kA vizvAsa hai| vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki khAravela ke hAthIgumphA zilA lekha meM jisa kaliMga jina kA ullekha huA hai usakA saMbaMdha tra-Sabhadeva se hai, kyoM ki uDIsA ke vibhinna sthAnoM meM unakI pUjA hotI thii| Aja bhI khudAI karane para AdinAtha kI mUrtiyA~ vartamAna uDIsA me atyadhika yatratatra sarvatra prApta hotI hai| jisa prakAra zatruJjaya ke tra-Sabhadeva zatruJjaya jina kahalAte haiM usI prakAra kaliMga ke tra-Sabhadeva kaliMga jina kahalAte haiN| aisA mAnanA isalie bhI asambhava nahIM hai kyoM ki jainapurANa batalAte hai ki tra-SabhanAtha kA samavasaraNa kaliMga deza meM AyA thA aura unhoMne kaliMga meM dharmopadeza diyA th| AdipurANa 25/287 meM AcArya jinasena ne kahA bhI he : kAzImavanti kurU koshlsuhypunnddraan| cedynggvnggmgdhndhrkliNgbhdraan|| paanycaalmaalvdshaarnndirbhdeshaan| sanmArgadezanaparo vijhaardhiirH|| ena ke sAhu ne dAve ke sAtha kahate haiM ki khaNDagiri kI guphAoM meM tra-Sabhadeva ko bArambAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai| khaNDagiri kI coTIpara sthita jaina maMdira AdinAtha ke nAma se prasiddha hai| khAravela kA pithuDa ko bailoM se na jutavA kara, gadhoM se jutavAnA bhI yahI siddha karatA hai ki va-Sabhadeva ke cinha svarUpa vRSabha ke sAtha dhArmika bhAvanAe~ jur3I huI thiiN| ina saba prasagoM se yaha kahanA samucita hai ki prathama tIrthaMkara athavA jina vRSabhadeva I.pU. chaThI zatAbdI ke pahale usa samaya kaliMga

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eka vikhyAta, labdhapratiSTha tIrthaMkara the jaba ki aMtima yA 24 ve tIrthaMkara mahAvIra deza ke dhArmika AkAza ke rUpa meM pratIta hote haiM / nanda rAjA kA kaliMga deza kI vijaya vastu ke rUpa meM kaliMga jina kI mUrti ko magadha le jAnA ukta mUrti kI mahAnatA ko prakaTa karatA hai| AdipurANa ke ukta udAharaNa se Ara. pI mahApAtra Adi vidvAnoM kI yaha mAnyatA nirAkRta ho jAtI hai ki uDIsA meM tra - Sabhadeva ke vihAra kA koI pramANa upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / kaliMga deza se saMbaMdhita dUsarA sandarbha jaina sAhitya meM gyArahaveM tIrthaMkara zreyAMsanAtha kA upalabdha hotA hai / guNabhadra kRta uttara purANa harivaMza purANa Adi ke anusAra zreyAMsanAtha kA janma siMhapura meM huA thaa| Avazyaka niryukti meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai| usa samaya siMhapura kaliMga dezakI kI rAjadhAnI thii| isI prakAra aThArahaveM tIrthaMkara arahanAtha kA saMbaMdha bhI kaliMga deza meM hone kA prasaMga bhI prApta hotA hai| pI. sI rAya dvArA anuvAdita mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva (pR. 4,8) ke anusAra tatkAlIna kaliMga deza kI rAjadhAnI rAjapura nagara meM arahanAtha ko prathama AhAradAna prApta huA thA / teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke saMbaMdha meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki unhoMne kaliMga deza meM vihAra kiyA thA aura dharmopadeza bhI diyA thA / isa ke alAvA bhuvanezvara ke samIpa udayagiri khaMDagiri kI guphAoM meM bahuta baDI saMkhyA meM prApta pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyA~ aura gaNeza guphAmeM citrita unake jIvana se saMbaMdhita ghaTanA pramANita karatI haiM ki utka tIrthaMkara ne kaliMga ko apane caraNoM se pavitra kiyA thA | uDIsA ke lagabhaga sabhI sthAnoM para yathA bAlezvara, bhAnapura, carampA Adi sthAnoM para bar3I mAtrA meM pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara kI mUrtiyoM kA upalabadha honA siddha karatA hai ki ukta tIrthaMkara prAcIna kaliMga ke parama pUjanIya, arcanIya aura sammAnIya rUpa meM vikhyAta the| tIrthaMkaroM kI paramparA meM hue mahAn vyaktitva vAle pArzvanAtha bhagavAn mahAvIra janma ke 250 varSa pUrva nirvANa ko prApta hue the / I.pU. 8vIM zatAbdI meM uDIsA jaina dharma kA vikhyAta kendra thaa| jaina dharma ko manuSyoM ke madhya pracAra prasAra karane meM pArzvanAtha mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyA thA / 3

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kahatA hai ki pArzvanAtha ne tAmralipti aura kopApaTaka meM dharmopadeza diyA thA / ukta donoM sthAnoM ko kramaza: baMgAla ke tamaluka aura ur3IsA ke kupArI ke rUpa meM pahacAnA gayA hai| pArzvanAtha ke AdhyAtmika upadezoM kA prAcIna uDIsA ke logoM para kAphI prabhAva par3A thA / kaliMga deza kA tatkAlIna rAjA karakaNDu yA karaNDa pArzvanAtha kA rAjakIya ziSya thA / kumbhakAra jAtaka meM ullekhoM ke anusAra kahA jAsakatA hai ki kaliMga ke rAjA karakaNDu tatkAlIna pAMcAla ke rAjA dummukha, gAMdhAra ke rAjA naggaji aura videha ke rAjA nimi ke samakAlIna rAjA the| uttarAdhyayana sUtra batalAyA gayA hai ki vRSabhanAtha dvArA upadiSTa jaina dharma meM ukta rAjAoM ne dIkSA lI thii| ve rAjAoM meM vRSabha ke nAma se jAne jAte the| isa kathana se siddha hotA hai ki karakaNDu, dummukha Adi cAra rAjA rAjya karate the, usa samaya jaina dharma kaliMga sahita pUre deza meM vyApta thA / usa samaya jaina dharma kI prasiddhi kA kAraNa tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha dvArA pravartita caturyAma arthAt aMhiMsA, satya, acaurya aura aparigraha kA, tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke samaya meM uttarI bhArata aura pUrvI bhArata meM, vyApaka rUpa se prasAra-pracAra honA hai| rAjA karakaNDu, jo ki jaina AgamoM meM rAjarSi ke nAma se prasiddha haiM, ne bhI kaMliMga meM jainadharma kA saMrakSaNa evaM samprasAraNa to kiyA hI thA, isake alAvA unhoMne tatkAlIna mitra rAjAoM ko bhI jainadharma kI ora AkarSita kiyA thaa| terApura (mahArASTra) meM unhone eka jaina maMdira kA nirmANa bhI rAjA bhIma ke rAjatva kAla meM karAyA thaa| unake dvArA banavAye gaye jaina maTha meM cAra hAthI daur3ate hue usI taraha sthita hai jisa prakAra ke hAthI toSalI meM haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM kahAjA sakatA hai ki karakaNDu rAjA ke samaya meM kaliMga meM jaina dharma rAjyakIya dharma rhaa| rAjyAzraya prApta hone ke kAraNa kaliMga meM jaina dharma kI sthiti sudRr3ha thii| usakI jar3eM gaharAI taka jama cukI thiiN| agravAla sadAnanda ne ThIka hIM kahA hai ki karakaNDu ke bAda meM bhI pArzvanAtha ke dvArA pravartita caturyAma jaina dharma ne kaliMga ko pUrNa rUpa prabhAvita kara rakhA thaa| jaina muni sarabhaMga kA vihAra godAvarI ke taTa para avasthita ho kara huA thA / sarabhaMga jAtaka meM pratipAdita hai ki kaliMga ke rAjA kAliMga, assaka ke rAjA aTThaka aura vidarbha ke rAjA 4

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bhIma ratha unake rAjakIya ziSya the| ena ke sAhu ne bhI hisTrI oNpha di uDIsA (pR.93) vistAra se varNana karate hue likhA hai ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI kAla meM kaliMga deza meM jaina dharma atyadhika prabhAvazAlI thaa| kaliMga meM mahAvIra kA vihAra aura dharmopadezaH __ tIrthakara tra-Sabhadeva aura pArzvanAtha kI taraha tIrthakara mahAvIra ke kaliMga deza meM vihAra karane kA ullekha jainAgamoM meM upalabdha hai| prathamAnuyoga ke mahattvapUrNa grantha harivaMza purANa 3/3-7 meM kathana huA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kA samavasaraNa kaliMga deza meM AyA thaa| kahA bhI hai : kAzikauzala kauzalya kusaMdhyAsvaSTa naamkaan| sAlvatrigarta paJcAla bhdrkaarpttccshn|| maukamatsyakanIyAMJca sUrasena vRkaarthpaan| madhyadezanimAn mAnyAn kaliGga kuruujaangglaan|| kaikeyA ''treyakAmvoja vaahriikyvnshrutiin| sindhugAndhArasauvIrasUrabhIrU dazerU kaan|| vADavAna bharadvAja kvAtha toyAna smudrjaan| uttarAMstArNa kArNazca dezAn pracchAlAma kaan|| dharmeNayojyat vIro viharana vibhavAnvitaH yathaiva bhagavAn pUrvaM vRSabho bhavyavatsala: arthAt - jisa prakAra bhavyavatsala bhagavAn tra-Sabhadeva ne pUrva kAla meM aneka dezoM meM vihAra kara unheM dharmamaya banA diyA thA, usI prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhI vihAra kara madhyavartI kAzI, kauzalya, kusandhya, asvaSTa, zAlva, trigarta, paMcAla, bhadrakAra paTaccara, mauka, matsya, kanIya, sUrasena aura vRkArthaka samudra taTa ke kaliMga, kurUjAMgala, kaikeya, AtrIya, kamboja, vAhalIka, yavana, sindha, gAndhAra, sauvIra, sUra, bhIrU, daroruka, vADavAna, bharadvAja, kvAthatoSa, tathA uttaradeza ke tArNa, karNa aura pracchAla Adi dezoM ko dharmamaya banA diyA thaa| ke.si.pANIgrAhI ne bhI hisTrI Apha~ ur3IsA

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he Jain Harivansa Purana records that Mahavir preached his religion in Kalinga. isI prakAra Avazyaka niyukti (pR-502-520) meM munidIkSA lene ke gyArahaveM varSa meM do bAra mahAvIra kA toSAlI meM vihAra karane kA ullekha huA hai| ukta ullekhAnusAra donoM vAra unheM bhayAnaka kaThinAIyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A thaa| eka vAra unheM DAku bhI apaharaNa kara le gaye the aura unheM viSama yAtanAyeM dI thiiN| dUsarI bAra unheM phAMsI para laTakA diyA gayA thaa| tatkAlIna toSAlI ke kisI kSatriya ke yathA samaya hastakSepa karane se unheM bacAyA gayA thaa| lekina digambara sAhitya meM isa prakAra kA ullekha nahIM hai| vyavahAra bhAsya (6/115) meM Aye sandarbha se siddha hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne toSAlI meM vihAra kiyA thaa| Avazyaka sUtra(pR219-220) meM mahAvIra ke kaliMga meM vihAra karane kA spaSTa ullekha upalabdha hai| kalpasUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke cAturmAsa saMpanna karane vAle sthAnoM kI sUcI dI hai| usase jJAta hotA hai ki unhoMne panita bhUmi meM bhI cAturmAsa kiyA thaa| vidvAnoM ne panita bhUmi ko paNIya bhUmi kA dUsarA nAma mAnA hai| paNIya bhUmi phaNIya bhUmi yA yaha nAgaloka hI pratIta hotI hai| yaha nAgaloka vartamAna kAlIna nAgapura hI pratIta hotA hai| prAcIna kAla meM ise bhogapura bhI kahate the| bhogapura ko Ajakala madhya pradeza kA bastara aura uDIsA kA kalAhAMDI kSetra ke rUpa meM pahicAnA gayA hai| bhagavatisUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane dharma kA upadeza sarvaprathama rAjagiri nAlandA, paNIya bhUmi, kUrma grAma, aura siddhArtha grAma meM diyA thaa| bhagavatIsUtra meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki paNIya bhUmi se jaba bhagavAn mahAvIra upadeza dene ke lie kUrma grAma aura siddhArtha grAma kI ora usI rAste se gayethe, jisa rAste se samudra gupta ne kaliMga ke lie prasthAna kiyA thaa| kUrma grAma aura siddhArtha grAma prAcIna kaliMga deza ke zahara the| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pitA ke sammAna meM siddhArtha grAma kA nAmakaraNa kiyA gayA hogaa| isI prakAra bAlezvara jile meM eka grAma kA nAma vardhanapura yA vardhamAnapura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prati kRtajJatA jJApita karane ke lie aura smaraNotsava manAne ke vAste kaliMga ke tatkAlIna rAjA mathira ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM kiyA hogaa| zrI kurmambhR aura prAcIna kUrma grAma ke

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najadIka siddhArtha grAma dhArmika aura sAMskRtika kendra thaa| ukta kathana kA tAtparya kevala itanA hI hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ukta sthAnoM para dhArmika upadeza diye the, isalie ve jainadharma ke gar3ha the| vyavahAra bhAsya (6/115) se jJAta hotA hai ki toSAlI (dhavala giri) usa samaya jaina dharmopadeza kI kendra thii| yahI vahasthAna hai jahA~ para kaliMga jina kI vaha camatkArI mUrti sthApita thii| jisakA saMrakSaNa rAjA toSAlika karatA thaa| Age yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki bhArI varSA hone ke kAraNa phasala ke na hone se jaina muniyoM ko vahA~ pracuratA se ugane vAle tAr3a ke phaloM para nirbhara rahanA par3atA thaa| yahA~ yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki jaina AgamoM meM kaliMga ko Arya deza mAnA gayA hai| ata: jaina tapasviyoM ko yahA~ vihAra karanA AsAna thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki kaliMga meM jaina dharma kA bahuta pracAra prasAra huA 91T1 The early read of Jainism in Orissa is evident from these traditions and will not be unreason able to conclude that Jainism made it's first appearance in this country in six century B.C. when Mahavira visit it. ke .sI. pANigrAhI ne hisTrI oNpha di uDIsA (pR 296) meM aisA hI kahA hai| lekina pANigrAhI kA yaha kathana tarka saMgata naMhI hai ki kaliMga meM jaina dharma kA praveza mahAvIra ke vihAra karane se huA hai, kyoM ki hama dekha cuke haiM ki tra-Samadeva ne bhI yahA~ vihAra kiyA thA aura dharmopadeza diye the| yaha satya hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM jaina dharma kaliMga meM jar3eM jamA cukA thaa| hAthI gumphAM zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kaliMga deza meM vihAra karane ke krama meM udayagiri yA kumArI parvata para dharma cakra prarvatana kiyA thaa| dUsare zabdoM meM mahAvIra kA samosaraNa (dhArmika sabhA) yahA~ AyA thA aura kumArI parvata para unhoMne dharmopadeza diyA thaa| usI sthAna para bAda meM eka jaina maMdira kA nirmANa bhI rAjA khAravela ne karAyA thaa| uparyuta vivaraNoM se spaSTa hai ki karor3oM-karor3a varSa pUrva meM hue tIrthakara tra-Sabhadeva ke samaya se kaliMga jaina dharma kA kendra rhaa| unake uttaravartI tIrthakaroM vizeSakara pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ne apane saMgha ke sAtha sampUrNa kaliMga deza meM vihAra kara jainadharma kA upadeza diyA aura use sthAyitva pradAna kiyaa|

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mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt kaliMga meM jaina dharma : bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt arthAt I.pU. 527 ke 100 varSa pazcAt, kaliMga (prAcIna uDIsA) meM jaina dharma rAjakIya dharma mAnaliyA gayA thaa| uttara bhArata meM jainadharmanAmaka apanI kRti me cimanalAla jaicaMda zAha likhate haiM ki ur3IsA meM jaina dharma praveza ho kara antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 100 varSa pazcAt hI jaina dharma vahA~ kA rAja dharma bhI bana gayA thaa| yaha saba zilAlekha se pramANita hotA hai| khAravela kA hAthI gumphA zilAlekha isa bAta kA Aja bhI sAkSI hai ki I.pU pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM kaliMga meM jaina dharma kA bahuta pracAra thaa| yahA~ ke jana-jana usake ArAdhaka evaM pujArI the| ukta zilAlekha meM nanda rAjA kA do bAra ullekha huA hai| pahalI vAra ullekha pAMcavIM paMkti meM aura dUsarI bAra 12vIM paMkti meM huA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki naMdarAjanItaM kAliMgajina saMnivesaM kaliMga rAja ca nraati| ukta paMkti se jJAta hotA hai ki nanda rAjA ne apane rAjya kI sImA bar3hAne kI icchA se kaliMga para AkramaNa kiyA thaa| kaliMga para vijaya prApta karane ke pazcAt vijaya cinha svarUpa vahA~ kI rAjadhAnI meM pUjI jAne vAlI kaliMga jina kI mUrti ko apane sAtha magadha le gaye the| isa kathana se do mahatvapUrNa bindu udghATita hote haiM ki jisa samaya nandarAjA ne kaliMga para AkramaNa kiyA usa samaya kaliMga deza jaina dharma kA gar3ha bana cukA thA aura kaliMga vAsiyoM ke madhya meM vaha dharma lokapriya ho cukA thaa| ve kaliMga jina kI pUjArcanA kiyA karate the| Jain monoments of Orissa meM Ara.pI. mahApAtra ne kahA bhI hai: "Therefore the Nandaraja who took away the image of Jina from Kalinga.... This reference is very interesting from the point of view of ancient religion of Orissa. It points out that Orissa since the time of mahavira contained to be the stronghold of Jainism in as much as the Nandraja carried of the image of Jina as the highest trophy. It therefore follows that Jainism was the major religion of Kalinga in the forth century B.C. and we shall not be far from the truth, if we conclude that it we its state religion.'

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camanalAla jaicaMda zAha bhI uttara bhArata meM jainadharma (pR.151) nAmaka apanI kRti meM kahate hai ki nanda rAjA kI kaliMga vijaya ke samaya vahA~ jaina dharma pracalita dharma thaa| isakA samarthana karate hue jAyasavAla kahate haiM ki zaizunAga vaMza ko nandivardhana arthAt rAjA nanda ke samaya meM hI jaina dharma uDIsA meM praveza kara cukA thaa| khAravela ke samaya ke pUrva udayagiri pahAr3Ipara arhatoM ke maMdira the| kyoM ki zilA lekha meM unakA astitva khAravela ke samaya se pUrva saMsthAnoM ke rUpa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki kucha sadiyoM se jaina dharma ur3IsA kA rASTrIya dharma thaa| ke.sI pANigrAhI ne hisTrI oNpha ur3IsA (pR.296) meM likhA hai ki : ".... Mahavira visited it, and since then it continued to be one of its major religions at least up to the end of the first century B.C. when Kharavela's dynasty seems to have ended." nanda rAjA arthAt vidvAnoM dvArA mAnya mahApadma rAjA ke dvArA kaliMga jina ko kaliMga se magadha le jAne se spaSTa hai ki I.pU 4-5 zatAbdI meM kaliMga meM jaina dharma eka mahAna dharma thaa| jo sampUrNa kaliMga meM pratiSThita thaa| aura usa samaya bhI yaha dharma rASTra dharma ke rUpa meM khyAti prApta kara cukA thaa| ke.sI.pANigrAhI ne hisTrI oNpha ur3IsA (pR.297) meM kahA bhI hai: "The honoured real was an object of worship among the Kalinga people who must have left and resented its loss. It there follows that Jainism was the major religion of Kalinga in the fourth century B.C. and we shall not be far from he truth if we conclude that it was its state religion. Ara.pI. mahApAtra ne bhI jaina monumeMTsa (pR.20) meM kahA hai: "It therefore follows that jainism was the major religion in the fourth century B.C. and we shall not far from the truth, if we conclude that it was the state religion." - yahA~ mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki ukta prasaMga meM nandarAjA se tAtparya mahApadmananda se hai| mahApadmananda jaina dharmAnuyAyI the| mahApadmananda kA samaya itihAsa ke vidvAnoM

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ne I.pU.250 mAnA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki I.pU.450 ke pahale jainadharma kaliMga meM vyApta aura lokapriya dharma bana cukA thaa| kisI mUrti vizeSa kA Adara sammAna karanA nanda rAjA kI mahAnatA kA sUcaka hai| prAcIna ur3IsA meM rAjA mahApadma nanda ke zAsana kAla meM jaina dharma kI bahuta unnati huI thii| kaliMga vijaya ke pazcAt nanda rAjA dvArA kaliMga meM pravala aura prabhAvazAlI pramukha jaina dharma ko naSTa kara dene ke koI pramANa aura kAraNa nahIM pratIta hote haiN| isake viparIta nanda rAjA ke zAsana kAla meM bhI jainadharma kaliMga deza kA pradhAna dharma banA rhaa| Ara.pI. mahApAtra aura ke.sI. pANigrAhI ne apanI-apanI kRtiyoM meM kahA bhI hai : "There is however no reason to think that Jainism ceased to be the dominant religion of Kalinga soon after its conquest by the Nandas. It must have continued as the major religion of this country." (draSTavya jaina monumeMTsa oNpha ur3IsA pR.20 aura hiSTrI oNpha ur3IsA pR.297) kaliMga jina kI mUrti kA ullekha I.pU.5-4 zatAbdI meM jaina dharma saMskRti kI prAcInatA kA dyotaka hai| vahIM dUsarI ora isa bAta kA pratIka bhI hai ki mUrtikalA sarva prathama ur3IsA meM prArambha huI thii| samrATa azoka kA kaliMga para AkramaNa: mahApadma nanda rAjA ke lambe samaya taka rAjya karane ke pazcAt aura samrATa azoka ke madhya kAla kA prAcIna ur3IsA kA itihAsa rikta pratIta hotA hai| nanda vaMza ke pazcAt morya vaMza kA udaya huaa| usa vaMza kA rAjA candragupta aura usakA putra vindusAra jaina dharmAnuyAyI the, lekina inhoMne kaliMga para zAsana kiyA, aisA koI aitihAsika pramANa upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| bindusAra kA putra samrATa azoka kaliMga aura jainadharma kI dRSTi se vicAraNIya haiN| azoka jainadharma ke mAnane vAle kula meM utpanna huA thaa| use jaina dharma vaMzAnukrama se prApta huA thaa| jaina sAhitya meM azoka ko jaina rAjA mAnA gayA hai| paM. kailAsa candra zAstrI prabhRti vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki samrATa azoka prArambha meM jaina the| videzI vidvAna eDvarDa TAmasa ne

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iMDiyana eNTIpaverI (saM.8, 1869, pR.30) meM mAnA hai ki azoka samrATa kA AkarSaNa apane pitAmaha candragupta ke dharma kI ora thaa| ve kahate haiM ki : _ akavara ke kuzala maMtrI abula-phajala ne AIna e akavarI meM kAzmIra ke rAjya ke lie tIna Avazyaka tathya kahe haiM- jisa meM se pahalA tathya yaha hai ki azoka ne svayaM kAzmIra meM jaina dharma kA pracAra kiyA thaa| azoka ke kAzmIra meM jaina dharma pracAra kI bAta kevala musalamAna granthakAra hI nahIM karate haiM, apitu rAjataraMgiNI meM bhI yaha spaSTa svIkAra karane meM AI hai| (draSTavya uttara bhArata meM jaina dharma pR.121)| kucha vidvAna azoka ko hindU aura kucha bauddha dharmAnuyAmI mAnate haiM, lekina yaha dAve ke sAtha kahA jAsakatA hai ki ve prArambha meM jaina the| ve dhIre dhIre badalate gaye aura anta meM bauddha dharma kI ora pUrNa rUpa se jhuka gye| eca.eca. vilsana, je. epha. phalITa, jaimsa esa maikaphela Adi vidvAna bhI azoka samrATa ko bauddha dharmAnuyAyI nahIM mAnate the| sambhavata: azoka ne kaliMga para AkramaNa karane ke kucha samaya pUrva baiddhoM ke dharma se prabhAvita ho kara apanA dharma parivartita kara diyA thaa| lekina jaina dharma kI pavitratA aura jIvana kI zAzvatA sambandhI ko jaina siddhAnta se anta taka prabhAvita rhaa| itihAsakAroM kI mAnyatA hai ki I.pU.261 meM pUrvAgraha tathA sampradAya se pIr3ita ho kara aura bauddha bhikSuoM ke bahakAve se prerita ho kara azoka ne jainiyoM ke gar3ha mAne jAne vAle kaliMga deza para AkramaNa kiyA thaa| usane jainadharma aura jainadharma ko mAnane vAloM ko kucalane aura naSTa-bhraSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA thaa| lekina vaha bauddha dharma ko kaliMga meM praveza karavA kara bhI jaina dharma ko naSTa nahIM kara skaa| usa samaya bhI jaina dharma kaliMga ke pramukha aura prabhAvazAlI dharma ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA rhaa| Ara.pI mahApAtra ne jaina monumeMTsa (pR.20) meM aura ke.sI. pANigrAhI Adi ne hisTrI oNpha ur3IsA (297-298) meM kahA bhI hai: "..... But it can not be imagined that Buddhism under Ashok had completely ousted the old religion of Jainism in Kalinga." "Jainism must have continued as one of the main religions of Orissa after the Kalinga war of 261 B.C."

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kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki azoka ke nirmama aura krUrapUrNa AkramaNa se zokAkula hue kaliMgavAsiyoM ne bhale hI jorajabaradastI se khAravela ke pUrvajoM ke samaya kaliMga meM jaina dharma kA svIkAra karane vAloM ne UparI taura para jaina dharma ko chor3a diA ho arthAt banAvaTI bauddha dharma ko mAnane kA svAMga kiyA ho, lekina ve apane anta:karaNa jaina dharma kA parityAga nahIM kara sake the| isa kathana kA pramANa yahI hai ki jaba kaliMga puna: rAjanaitika aura dhArmika dRSTi se svataMtra huA to jaina dharma ko puna: kaliMga vAsiyoM ne svIkAra kara use rASTrIya dharma ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hone kA gaurava pradAna kiyA / samrATa azoka dvArA vijayI kaliMga punaH kaba svataMtra huA ? isa viSaya meM sunizcita rUpa se kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| lekina anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki azoka ke uttarAdhikArI kaliMga ko adhika samaya taka gulAma banAye rakhane meM samartha nahIM ho ske| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki samrATa khAravela ke pUrvajoM ne ise svataMtra karabAyA hogaa| ukta anumAna karane kA AdhAra hAthI gumphA zilAlekha kA vivaraNa hai| jaina momeMTsa meM kahA bhI hai: "We do not know when Kalinga became free again, but it seems being that she regained her independence in the region of one of Ashoka's weak successors. As any rate there is little doubt that Kalinga had become an independent country under Kharavela's dynasty of which the Hathigumpha inscription provides us with definite information." hAthI gumphA zilA lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki khAravela kA bacapana eka svataMtra rAjA ke rAjakumAra ke rUpa meM vyatIta huA thaa| ve cedivaMza kI dUsarI pIr3hI meM hue svataMtra kaliMga deza ke kisI jaina rAjA ke putra the, kyoM ki unhoMne apane Apa ko cedivaMza kI tIsarI pIr3hI kA rAjA honA mAnA hai / isakA artha spaSTa hai ki cedivaMza ke kisI rAjA ne kaliMga ko magadha samrAjya kI gulAmI se mukti dilAI thii| cedivaMza eka prAcIna rAjavaMza hai| harivaMza purANa meM cedivaMza kI vistRta vaMzAvalI dI gaI hai| mAlavA prAnta kI vartamAna canderI nagarI ke samIpavartI kSetra meM cedi kSatriya rahate rahe hoMge / punnATa saMghI AcArya jinasena kRta harivaMza purANa (ke 17 veM sarga ke 362 12

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zloka) se jJAta hotA hai ki vindhyAcala ke samIpavartI kSetra meM cedirASTra kI sthApanA abhicandra rAjA ne kI thii| yathA: vindhya pRSThe'bhicandreNa cediraassttrmaadhisstthitm| zuktimatyAstaTe 'dhyAyi nAmnA suktimtiipurii|| ukta zloka se abhivyakta hotA hai ki cedI deza kI sthApanA sukti nadI ke kinAre para huI thI aura uta deza kI rAjadhAnI kI nAma suktimatI purI thaa| aba prazna hotA hai ki ukta suktimatI nadI Aja kahA~ hai ? en.ke.sAhu ne pArjiTara ke mata kA prastuta karate hue madhya pradeza meM bahanevAlI kena nadI ko hI suktimatI kahA hai| una ke kathanAnusAra yamunA nadI ke dakSiNa meM cambala aura karavI ke bIcoMbIca phailA huA maidAna thaa| yadi yaha kathana satya mAnaliyA jAe to mere mata kI puSTi ho jAtI hai, ki bundelakhaNDa ke vartamAna canderI meM hI cedivaMzavAle rahate the| unakI eka zAkhA kabhI ur3IsA ke Asa-pAsa Akara basa gaI hogii| isI zAkhA.ke prabhAvazAlI vyakti tatkAlIna prAcIna ur3IsA ke rAjya pada para AsIna huA hogaa| isI vyakti ne avasara pAkara apane ko tatkAlina kaliMga kA rAjA ghoSita kara diyA hogaa| DaoN.zazikAnta jaina aura DaoN.rAjArAma jaina kA bhI yahI mata hai| en.ke.sAhu ne khAravela kI vaMza kI (khAravela pR.18-31) vistAra se carcA kI hai| unhoMne balAGgIra meM bahane vAlI zukatela nadI ko suktimatI nadI mAnakara cedi rAjya kaliMga ke AsapAsa mAnakara kahA hai ki mahAmeghavAhana ne kaliMga meM cedi rAjya kI sthApanA kara vaha prathama rAjA huaa| kahA bhI hai: "Both Vimalsuri and Dhanapala describe Meghavahana as a powerful and adventurous king according to Vimalsuri he got possession of the territory of Lanka where he established the rule of Vidyadhara family. Dhanapala states that king Meghavahana acquired mastery over aparajita Vidha (The becoming invincible) and satisfying Rajalaxmi obtained royal glory. This seems to be a veiled reference to his extension of royal authority over Kalinga, which was great achievement." ukta uddharaNa se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki cedi vaMza ke kSatriya rAjA mahAmeghavAhana kaliMga ke prathama zaktizAlI rAjA hue the| dUsare zabdoM meM meghavAhana ne kaliMga meM

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cedivaMza kI sthApanA kI thii| khAravela ne hAthIgumphA zIlAlekha meM apane ko kaliMga meM cedivaMza kI tIsarI pIr3hI kA rAjA kahA hai| aba prazna hotA hai ki mahAmeghavAhana ke pazcAt unakA adhikArI aura khAravela kA pUrvavartI kaliMga kA rAjA kauna thA? yaha eka jaTila prazna hai, kyoMki khAravela kI zilAlekha meM dUsare rAjA ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM huA hai| dUsarI vAta yaha hai ki ukta zilAlekha meM khAravela kA ullekha hama unakI pandraha varSIya vAlyAvasthA se pAte hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki unakA pitA kA dehAnta zaizavAvasthA meM ho gayA hogA, jise khAravela ne dekhA bhI nahIM hogaa| ena.ke.sAhu kI mAnyatA hai ki ukta zilAlekha meM mahArAja meghavAhana cetarAja kA ullekha huA hai| ata: mahAmeghavAhana ke pazcAt cedivaMza ke cetarAja kaliMga ke rAjA hue the, jo khAravela ke pitA bhI the| (khAravela pR.20)meM kahA bhI hai: The name of the son and successor of king Meghavahana is not known from the literary works referred to above the second king of the Chedi royal dynasty of Kalinga was very likely named chetaraja as known from the Hatigumpha Inscription. This king had a premature death when his son Kharvela was 15yrs of age. The young prince assumed the reins of government as Youvaraja (Crown Prince) and on completion of the 24 yrs. was anointed as king of kalinga. pR.18 me bhI kahA hai : "In the contest with of the record .... there can be no doubt that Kharvala who descented from two rulers belonged to the Chedi royal family of Kalinga." __aba yaha sunizcita hogayA kI I.pU. dUsarI aura pahalI satAbdI ke prArambha meM kaliMga deza meM cedi vaMza ke rAjAoM kA rAjya rhaa| ukta tInoM rAjAoM meM khAravela adbhuta dhIra, vIra aura zauryazAlI rAjA hue the| pitA ke abhAva meM jaba 15varSa avasthA meM yuvarAja bane taba taka unakI ora se koI dUsarA rAjyAdhikArI prazAsana karatA rahA hogaa| kintu jaise hI ve rAjyAnusAra zikSA saMpanna hue to 24varSa kI avasthA meM ve kaliMgAdhipati ke siMhAsana para ArUr3ha ho gye| rAjA khAravela kA vyaktitva unakA rAjya prazAsanAdi kA vivecana agale zIrSakoM meM kiyA jaaegaa| 14

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kha) khAravela kAlIna jainadharma khAravela kA vyaktittva aura kartRttva prAcIna kAla meM kaliMga vizva kA eka mahAn deza thaa| yaha deza purAtana kAla se mahAn dhArmika andolanoM kI urvarA bhUmi ke rUpa meM prasiddha rhaa| jaina dharma vizva kA sarvazreSTha dharma hai| khAravela kaliMga deza ke eka mahAn jaina dharmAnuyAyI samrAT ke rUpa meM vizruta the| yadyapi itihAsa ke Alor3ana se jJAta hotA hai ki jaina dharma ke mAnane vAle aura ukta dharma ko rAjAzraya pradAna karane vAloM meM zaizunAgavaMza ke rAjA bindusAra (zrITika), nandavaMza ke rAjA nanda (mahApadma nanda), maurya vaMza ke rAjA candra gupta aura cedivaMza ke rAjA khAravela gaNanIya haiN| inameM se rAjA khAravela ke hAthIgumphA zilAlekha ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA haiM ki mauryavaMzI rAjA candragupta ke alAvA aisA koI rAjA nahIM hai jise cedivaMzI rAjA khAravela ke sAtha prAmANika rUpa se rakhA jA sake kyoM ki jaina itihAsa meM khAravela kA mahAn avadAna rhaa| usake yogadAna ko kisI se kama nahIM valki atyadhika aura anupama hI samajhanA caahie| khAravela jaina dharma-saMskRti aura aMga sAhitya ke mahAn saMrakSaka, saMprasAraka aura saMvardhaka rUpa meM jAne jAte haiN| ve kevala janma se hI jaina rAjA nahIM the balki jainatva ko unhoMne apane jIvana meM samAhita kara liyA thaa| naitikatA ke sarvoca zikhara para virAjamAna hone ke kAraNa ve prAtaH smaraNIya stavanIya aura pUjanIya haiN| unake dvArA kiye gaye mAnavIya kAryoM ke kAraNa jaina aura jainetara uDIsAvAsI, prativarSa samrAT khAravela mahotsava kA Ayojana kara kRtajJatA jJApita karate haiN| khAravela jJApaka sAhitya: usa samaya sampUrNa bhAratavarSa meM aisA koI nahIM thA, jo I.pU. dUsarI zatAvdI meM hue samrAT khAravela ke zaurya, parAkrama, vidvattA, zIla aura dhArmika guNoM ko namana na karatA ho aura unakI prazAsanika kSamatA aura vaibhavazAlI caturagiNI sainA ke smaraNa mAtra se kA~pa nahI jAtA ho| aise mahAn samrAT khAravela kA janma kaba aura kahA~

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huA ? unake mAtA-pitA kauna the ? unake jIvana kA anta kaba aura kaise huA ? ityadi jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna karane vAlA ekamAtra sAdhana hAthIgumphA zilAlekha hI hai, jo uDIsA kI udayagiri kI eka caTTAna kI chata kI kagAra para svayaM khAravela dvArA khudavAyA gayA thA aura jo jainadharma ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se atyadhika mahattvapUrNa aura anupama hai| isake alAvA hamAre pAsa isa mahAna adbhuta vyakitatva vAle rAjA khAravela ko jAnane ke lie koI sAdhana nahIM hai| vartamAna meM na so itihAsajJo ke pAsa na purAtattvajJoM ke pAsa ora na jainiyoM ke pAsa koI sAhitya hai aura na koI Thosa pramANa hai jisake AdhAra para usa anupama rAjA khAravela ke vizAla vyakitatva ko jAnA jA ske| saMbhava hai bhaviSya meM kisI purAtattvavettA ko unake saMbaMdha meM adhika jAnakArI dene vAlA koI pramANika abhilekha mila jaaye| khAravela kI janma bhUmi aura unake pUrvajaH hAthIgumphA zilAlekha ke Antarika vizleSaNa ke AdhAra, para jisa meM unake vAlyAvasthA se lekara rAjasiMhAsana para ArUDha hone ke bAda 13 varSoM kA vivaraNa prApta hai, vidvAnoM ne usakI janma tithi, janmabhUmi Adi kA UhApohapUrvaka vizleSaNa kiyA hai| navIna kumAra sAhu ne aMgrejI bhASA meM likhita khAravela nAmaka apanI kRti (pR1-53) meM deza - videza ke vidvAnoM ke vicAroM kA tArkika parIkSaNa kiyA hai| khAravela kA janma I. pU. dUsarI zatAbdI meM cedi-vaMza meM huA thaa| ukta zilAlekha kI prathama paMkti meM kahA bhI hai : cetarAja vasa vadhanena arthAt unhoMne cedi vaMza kI gaurava garimA meM vRddhi kI thii| isake sAtha hai 17 vI paMkti meM rAjasi vasukula vinisito kaha kara unhoMne apane ko vasukula kA honA prakaTa kiyA hai| cedivaMza purAnA vaMza hai| isakA ullekha vimalasUri kRta paumacaritaM aura jinasena kRta harivaMza purANa sarga (17/36) meM huA hai| jinasena ke anusAra cedivaMza kI sthApanA parvata kI talahaTI meM zuktimatI (kena) nadI ke kinAre abhicanda rAjA ne kI thii| isakI rAjadhAnI zukitamatI purI thii| rAjarSi vasu ko abhicanda kA putra kahA gayA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isI cedivaMza ne avasara pAkara kaliMga meM 16

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mahAmeghavAhana nAmaka kisI prabhAvakArI aura pratApI vyakti ne cedi zAsana kI pratiSThA kI ho| ata: khAravela kA apane Apako cedivaMza kA kahanA ucita hI hai| khAravela kA pUrA nAma aireNa mahArAjena mahAmeghavAhanena cetraaj| arthAt Arya mahArAja mahAmeghavAhana kaliMgapati zrI khAravela thaa| isa kathana se siddha hotA hai ki khAravela Arya jAti meM utpanna kSatriya the| mahAmeghavAhana eka upAdhi bhI hai| jaise zAtavAhana, dhadhivAhana, naravAhana aadi| mahAmeghavAhana zabda kA artha indra hai| ata: jo indra ke samAna zaktizAlI the aise mahArAja khaarvel| - yahA~ dhyAtavya hai ki khAravela ne apane Apako cedivaMza kI tIsarI pIDhI kA rAjA kahA hai| isa kathana se siddha hotA hai ki mahArAjA meghavAhana khAravela ke dAdA aura cedarAja inake pitA the| zilAlekha meM inakI jananI aura janma bhUmi kA ullekha nahIM huA hai| phira bhI unakI janma bhUmi toSAlI (dhauligiri) ke nikaTa zizupAla gar3ha rahI hogii| isakA pramANa vahA~ khodAI karane para kile kA prApta honA haiN| khAravela isa zabda kA artha kSAra arthAt khArA aura vela kA artha kinArA yA upavana karake ke. pI. jAyasavAla ne kahA hai ki ve bhayAnaka aura kAle raMga ke the| unakA janma samudra ke kinAre huA thaa| bhASA vijJAna ke prasiddha vidvAna sunIti kumAra caTarjI ne khAravela zabda ko draviNa zabda mAnA hai aura isakA artha kAlA batalAkara kahA hai ki ve kRSNa arthAt kAle raMga ke zarIra vAle the| lekina ukta donoM kathana ThIka nahIM haiN| kyoki caTarjI kA mata hAthI gumphA zilAlekha se bhinna aura viruddha jAna paDatA hai| ukta zilAlekha meM unheM sIri kaDAra sarIravatA arthAt sundara aura piMgala arthAta lAlimA saMyukta bhUrI raMga (atyadhika gauravarNa) ke saumya aura sundara zarIra vAlA kahA gayA hai| ukta kathana se spaSTa hai ki ve kAle aura bhayAnaka nahIM the| unakA zarIra zubha lakSaNoM se suzobhita thaa| ve yazasvI the| usake parAkrama Adi guNa caturdikoM meM vyApta the| kahAbhi hai : pasatha subhalakhalena caturaMta luTha(na) guNe upeneta kaliMgAdhipatinAsiri khaalven|

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kumArAvasthA aura zikSA-prazikSaNa: khAravela kI kumArAvasthA kA prArambhika kAla kumAra-sulabha arthAt svAbhAvika aura svacchanda pUrvaka khela khelane meM vyatIta huaa| krIDAe~ karate hue unhoMne rAjakumAra ke yogya zikSA grahaNa kI thii| kahA bhI hai :(paMktira)" paMdarasa vasAni..... kIDitA kumAra kiiddikaa| tato lekha rUpa gaNanA vavahAra vidhi visAradena sava vijA vdaaten|" arthAt khAravela kuzAgra buddhi aura adbhuta pratibhA ke dhanI the| khela khelate hue vacapana arthAt ve pandraha varSa kI avasthA meM hI samasta vidyAoM ke jJAtA ho gaye the| unhoMne lekha arthAt rAjakIya DhaMga se patra likhane meM, rUpa (mudrA yA arthazAstra) gaNita, vyavahAra, arthAt nyAya aura kAnUna (sthAnIya prazAsana) viSayoM meM dakSatA prApta kara lI thii| ukta zilAlekha kI pA~cavI paMkti se jJAta hotA hai ki ve gaMdharvazAstra ke bhI jJAtA the, isalie unheM gaMdhava veda budho bhI kahA gayA hai| unheM rAja-prazAsana karane ke prazikSaNa hetu yuvarAja pada para pratiSThita kara diyA gayA thaa| 6 vaSoM taka yuvarAja rahane ke pazcAt hI unheM cedivaMza ke tIsare rAjA ke rUpa meM unakA abhiSeka kiyA gayA thaa| jaina rAjA: khAravela ke saMbaMdha meM prAya: prazna kiye jAte haiM ki ve jaina dharma ke anuyAyI the yA ajaina ? yadi ve jaina dharma ke pujArI the to kyA ve janma se jaina the yA samrATa azoka kI taraha jaina dharma unakA AyAcita dharma thA ? ukta jijJAsita praznoM kA samAdhAna hAthI gamphA zilAlekha meM prApta hai| isake AdhAra para kahA jAtA hai ki ve janma aura karma se jaina rAjA the| isake nimmAMkita pramANa haiN| 1. hAthIgumphA zilAlekha kA prArambha jaina dharma meM mAnya pA~ca parameSThiyoM meM se do parameSThiyoM, ahaMta aura samasta siddhoM ko namana pUrvaka kiyA gayA hai| yathA Namo arhNtaanN| Namo svsidhaan| isa se jJAta hotA hai ki jaina dharma meM prasiddha NamokAra maMtra para unakI aTUTa zraddhA thI aura ve ahaMta evaM siddhoM kI pUjA kiyA karate the| aisI zraddhA unheM janma se jaina dharmAnuyAyI honA siddha karatI hai|

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2. 3. cedivaMza ke anya rAjA arthAt khAravela ke pUrvaja bhI jaina the| kyoki I.pU 4thI zatAvdI meM jaba nanda rAjA ne kaliMga para AkramaNa kiyA thA, usa samaya kaliMga meM kaliMga jina arthAt AdinAtha kI pUjA hotI thI aura ve kaliMga jina ko apane sAtha magadha le gaye the| kaliMga jina ke abhAva meM kaliMgavAsI usa vedI kI, jahA~ kaliMga jina virAjamAna the, pUjA kiyA karate the| isase siddha hotA hai ki khAravela ke pUrvaja jaina dharma ke anuyAyI the aura jaina dharma khAravela ko virAsata meM milA thaa| ke. pI. jAyasavAla ne bihAra eNDa ur3IsA risarca sosAiTI patrikA 3/448 meM kahA bhI hai "zaizunAgavaMza ke nandivardhana arthAt rAjA nanda ke samaya meM jaina dharma ur3IsA meM praveza kara cukA thaa| khAravela ke samaya ke pUrva udayagiri pahADI para arhatoM ke maMdira the|" cimanalAla jaicaMda zAha bhI uttara bhArata meM jaina dharma (pRSTha 126) meM likhate hai| uDIsA meM jaina dharma praveza hokara aMtima tIrthakara mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 100 varSa pazcAt hI jaina dharma vahA~ kA rAja dharma vana gayA thaa| yaha saba isa zilAlekha se pramANita hotA hai| ukta kathana se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki khAravela ke pUrvajoM ke samaya meM jaina dharma pracalita dharma thA, jo khAravela ko janma se milA thaa| navIna kumAra sAhu ne bhI apanI kRti khAravela (pR.47 meM) likhA hai: "He was a Jaina by birth and not a convert like Ashoka." I.pU. 8vIM zatAbdI meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke samaya meM karakaNDu kaliMga ke rAjA the| ve jaina dharma mAnane vAle kaliMga ke zAyada prathama rAjA the| khAravela ke pUrvajoM ke pahale se hI jaina dharma kaliMga meM vyApta thaa| ata: khAravela kA janma jaina kula meM huA thaa| yavana (musalamAna) rAjA Dimita ne jaina dharma kA gar3ha aura siddha tIrtha mAne jAne vAle mathurA para adhikAra kara liyA thA aura jaina dharma ke dUsare kSetra magadha para AkramaNa karane vAlA thA, usa samaya khAravela ne use bhArata se vAhara bhagAkara jaina dharma ke sacce pujArI hone kA pramANa diyA thaa| kahA bhI hai ki sanata sena

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6. vAhane vipamucitaM madhuraM apayAto yavana raaj...| ukta ghaTanA bhI unheM janmajAta honA siddha karatI hai| kaliMga jina jise nandarAjA apaharaNa kara le gayA thA use magadha ke rAjA bRhaspati mitra se chIna kara lAne kI ghaTanA bhI unheM janmajAta jaina honA siddha karatI hai| isI prakAra jaina zramaNoM ke lie guphAyeM banavAnA, AgamoM kA uddhAra karanA bhI unake jaina hone ke pramANa hai| yadyapi rAjA khAravela janma se aura karma se jaina rAjA the to bhI sabhI dharmoM kA sammAna karate the| hAthI gumphA zilAlekha isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki sabhI dharmoM ke prati unakA samabhAva samAdara thaa| sabhI dharmoM ke maMdiroM kA unhoMne jIrNoddhAra kiyA thaa| kahA bhI hai -savapAsaMDa pUjako savadevAyatana saMkAra kArakoM...paMkita 17. uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki khAravela eka dharmanirapekSa rAjA thaa| kaTTaratA unheM chU bhI nahIM gaI thii| ena.ke. sAhu ne (khAravela pU.56) meM bhI kahA hai : "It thus indicates that kharavela was not only showing patronage to the Jaina Arhats but also extending equal respect and honour. khAravela kI pArivArika sthitiH khAravela ke parivAra ke saMbaMdha meM hAthIgumphA zilAlekha meM kucha saMketa to milate hai, lekina unakA vivAha kaba aura kahA~ huA, isakA ullekha ukta zilAlekha meM upalabdha nahIM hai| vahA~ unakI do rAniyoM ke hone kA nAmollekha 7vIM aura 15 vIM paMktiyoM meM kiyA gayA hai| 1. vajira gharavatI rAnI 2. aura siMhapatha raanii| vajira gharavatI baDI aura siMhapatha rAnI choTI thii| maMcapurI guMphA ke UparI bhAga meM sthita abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki vajira gharavatI cakravartI samrATa khAravela kI agramahiSI (paTarAnI) thI jo rAjA hAthIsiMha kI prapautrI aura lalArka rAjA kI putrI thii| kahA bhI hai -" rAjino lalAkasa hAthisihasa papotasa agmhisinaa......|" hAthI gumphA zilAlekha kI 15vIM paMkti se jJAta hotA hai ki siMhapatha rAnI rAjA siMhapatha kI putrI thii| siMhapatha rAnI kI icchAnusAra khAravela ne arhatoM ke lie Azraya 20

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banavAye the| rAjA banane ke sAtaveM varSa meM vajira rAnI se unheM eka putraratna kI prapti huI thii| kahA bhI hai: "satamaM ca vase pasAyato vajira dharavati .... samatuka pada (punAM) sa (kumaar)...|" hAthI gumphA zilAlekha pNkti-7| ___maMcapurI guphA meM unake rAjakumAra kA nAma kudepazrI batalAyA gayA hai| kahA bhI hai:"airasa mahArAjasa kaliMgAdhipatinoM mahAmeghavAhanasa kudepasirinoM lennN|" ata: kahA jA sakatA hai ki khAravela kI do rAniyA~ aura eka rAjakumAra thaa| AkarSaka vyaktitva: rAjA khAravela eka mahAn vyaktitva ke dhanI the| ve apane samaya ke damakate hue sUrya aura nrottmthe| hAthIgumphA zilAlekha se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki apane samakAlika mahAn vyavitayoM meM unakI gaNanA eka pramukha vyakti ke rUpa meM kI jAtI thii| unakI naitikatA itanI U~cI thI ki jise koI rAjA nahIM jAna skaa| ve eka mahAn pratApI, zaktizAlI aura avijeya yoddhA the| bheda nIti ko kutsita nIti mAnane vAle tathA zAma, daMDa tathA saMdhi nIti meM kuzala rAjA the| ukta zilAlekha kI 16 vIM aura 17 vIM paMkti meM unheM kSamAzIla rAjA, bhikSu rAjA, vardhamAna rAjA, dharmarAjA, vizeSa guNoM meM nipuNa, samasta dharmo ko sammAna (pUjaka) samasta maMdiroM kA jIrNoddhAraka tathA sajAne vAle, aparAjita senA ke senApati, vijayacakra ke pravartaka, rAjya ke saMrakSaka, rAjarSi, rAjavaMzoM aura kula ke AzrayabhUta mahAn vijayI aura manoraMjana priya rAjA kahA gayA hai| ve sacce niSThAvAna zrAvaka (upAsaka) the| kahA bhI hai: "rAjabhitinaM cinavatAnaM vAsAsitAnaM pUjAnurata upAsaga khAravela sirinaa|" paMkti 14 / ve dharmazIla bhikSu arthAt jaina munithe| aNu vratI varSAvAsa karane vAloM kI pUjA karane vAle upAzaka the| navIna kumAra sAhu ne apanI aMgrijI kRti khAravela ke (pU.86) meM kA bhI hai: "It is significant that the inscription while presinting these accounts describes Kharvela as a yati Jaina monk."

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rAjanIti meM dakSaH samrAT khAravela eka kuzala, rAjanItijJa, sAhasI aura pratApI rAjA the| ye azva senA, gaja senA, ratha senA aura paidala senA rUpI vizAla senA ke dakSa senApati the| rAjadharma ke nirvAha (kartavya pAlana) aura jaina dharma kI rakSA ke lie unhoMne aneka saMgharSa rUpa bhayaMkara yuddha kiye the| 1. rAjA sAtakarNI para AkramaNaH apane rAjatva ke dUsare varSa meM unakI dRSTi tatkAla ke sarvazaktimAna sAtavAhana vaMza ke rAjA sAtakarNI kI ora gii| khAravela ne unakI zakti kI upekSA karate hue eka mahAn senA usa para caDhAI karane ke lie bheja dii| usa samaya donoM senAoM ke bIca yuddha hone kA ullekha hAthI gumphA zilAlekha meM nahIM huA hai| vahA~ kevala yahI kahA gayA hai ki usakI senA ne kRSNAveNI nAmaka nadI ko pArakara Asika nagara (mUSika) ko naSTa bhraSTa kara diyA thaa| kahA bhI hai "dvitIya cavase sAtakani aciyitaa| kanhavenAM gatAya ca senAya vitAsiti asika nagaraM..." uparyukta vivaraNa ke AdhAra para niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa prathama AkramaNa ke uddezya aura pariNAma nimnAMkti the: khAravela kA uddezya apanI vizAla senA bheja kara jahA~ eka ora sAtakarNI kI zakti ko cunotI denA thA vahIM dUsarI ora apanI adbhuta zakti ko pradarzita karanA bhI thaa| isa yuddha abhiyAna ko na to saphala kahA jA sakatA hai aura na asphl| kyoMki yuddha huA hI nhiiN| sAtakarNI ko parAjita karanA isa abhiyAna kA udadezya nahIM thaa| 3. sambhavata: mUSika nagara para kabjA karanA hI isa yuddha kA uddezya rahA hogaa| maSika nagara sAtakarNI rAjA ke kisI mitra rAjA kI rAjadhAnI rahI hogI. jisakA rAjanaitika aura sAmarika dRSTi se mahatva rahA hogaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki isa mahattvapUrNa mUSika nagara ko apane kabje meM kara ke khAravela kI senA ko saMtoSa karanA par3A thaa|

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lekina khAravela isa vijaya se saMtuSTa nahIM hue the| lekina ve utsAhita jarUra hue hogeN| yahI kAraNa hai ki apane zAsana ke cauthe varSa meM unhoMne puna: vindhyAcala ke jaMgaloM meM rahane vAle vidyAdhara jAti ke rAjAoM ko saMgaThita kara, puna: sAtakarNI para AkramaNa kiyA thaa| rathika aura bhojaka rAjAoM ne sAmanA kiyA kintu ve parAsta ho gye| unhoMne unake rAjattva sUcaka mukuTa aura rAjachatra ko chIna liyA aura apane caraNoM kI unase pUjA krbaaii| kA bhI hai: "tathA cavuthe vase... vitadha mukuTa sa.... nikhita chata bhiMgAre hita ratana sApateye sava radhika bhojake vaMdApayati ... / " paMkti6 . uparyukta dUsare yuddhabhiyAna ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa yuddha meM 1. rAjA khAravela kI bahAdurI aura sUjhabUjha prakaTa hotI hai| jisa kAraNa pazcimI rAjyoM para apanA adhikAra jamAne kI unakI mahAtvAkAMkSA saphala ho skii| 2. hAthIgumphA zilAlekha kI usa paMkti meM rAjA sAtakarNI kA ullekha nahIM huA hai, lekina ena.ke.sAhu ne apanI aMgrejI kRti khAravelapRSTha - 77-78 meM mAnA hai ki usa samaya sAtakarNI kI mRtyu ho gaI thI aura rAjakumAra choTe-choTe the| isalie vidhavA rAnI ke Adeza se unake mitra rAjA rathika aura bhojaka ne khAravela kA sAmanA kiyA thaa| 3. isa yuddha kA pariNAma yaha huA ki jahA~ eka aura sAtavAhana rAjavaMza kI zakti kSINa huI, vahIM dUsarI ora cedivaMza ke rAjA khAravela kI rAjanaitika zakti meM vRddhi huii| isase usakA utsAha aura bar3ha gyaa| magadha deza para AkramaNa : kaliMga aura magadha deza paramparAgata duzmana the| I. pU. cauthI zatAbdI meM magadha kA rAjA nanda kaliMga kI iSTa pUjyanIya mUrti kaliMga jina kA apaharaNa kara apane deza magadha le gayA thaa| ise chInane ke lie rAz2A khAravela ne usa para do bAra AkramaNa kiye the| pahalA AkramaNa apane rAjA hone ke 8veM varSa athAt 32 varSa kI Ayu meM aura dUsarA AkramaNa pahale AkramaNa ke cAra varSa pazyAt arthAt rAjA banane ke 12 veM varSa meM aura 36 varSa kI Ayu meM utara patha ke rAjAoM para vijaya karake vApisa Ate samaya pahalA AkramaNaM vizAla senA ke sAtha kiyA thaa| rAjagiri (rAjagRha) 23

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magadha kI rAjadhAnI ke rakSaka gorathagiri nAmaka kile ko naSTa karake senA ne vahA~ ke nivAsiyoM ko AtaMkita (vyAkula) kara diyA thA, lekina ve apane lakSya meM saphala nahIM hue the| dUsare AkramaNa ke samaya ve vijayazrI prApta karane meM saphala rhe| tatkAlIna magadha ke rAjA bahasatimita (vRhaspati mitra) ne AtmasamarpaNa kara khAravela rAjA ke caraNoM kI pUjA kI thii| rAnI guMphA meM unake AtmasamarpaNa kA dRzya utkIrNita hai| khAravela magadha aura aMga kI apAra saMpatti le kara tathA kaliMga jita ko vApisa kaliMga lAye the| isa prakAra magadha aura aMga rAjyoM para unakA adhikAra ho gayA thaa| kahA bhI hai: mAgadhaM va rAjAnaM vahasatimitaM pAde vNdaapyti| naMda rAjanItaM kAliMga jina saMnivesaM gaha ratana parihAre hi aMga magadhavasuMca nyti| paMkti12 . 3. yuvana rAjA ko khader3anA : isI prakAra una khAravela rAjA ne jaina dharma rakSA kI ke lie jaina dharma ke gar3ha samajhe jAne vAle mathurA aura magadha para adhikAra karane ke icchuka yuvana rAjA (Dimita) ko khader3akara bhagAne meM saphalatA prApta kI thii| bhArata para vijayaH apane rAjaprazAsana ke 10veM varSa meM khAravela rAjA ne bhAratavarSa ko jItane ke lie vizAla senA preSita kI thii| yahA~ bhAratavarSa se tAtparya uttara bhArata se hai| isa vijaya yAtrA meM use sunahalI saphalatA milii| parAjita hone vAle aura bhagerU rAjAoM se unheM maNi, ratna, Adi apAra dhanarAzi prApta huI thii| uttarApatha (paMjAva Adi) ke rAjyoM para inakA adhikAra ho gayA thaa| isa parAkramazAlI rAjA ne yuddha yA AkramaNa ke samaya zuddha rAjanIti ke paricAyaka daMDa, saMdhi aura sAma nIti kA prayoga kiyA thaa| unhoMne gaMdI yA kunIti svarUpa bheda nIti kA kabhI bhI sahArA nahIM liyaa| kahA bhI hai : dasame ca vase daMDa saMdhi sAmayo bharadhavasa paThAnaM mahI jayanaM kaaraapyti...| 24

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khAravela kA digvijaya patha takSazilA uttarApatha .. hastinApura magava mapurA prasaputra pATaliputra ----- rAjagRhI bhojaka nAsika.. ----- assaka PAREN. ONS amarAvatI HENR Ji -nadiyoM madurA. . rAjadhAnI -- digvijaya patha

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tamila rASTrasaMgha para vijayaH khAravela ke samaya meM dakSiNa ke dezoM ne eka rASTrasaMgha banA liyA thA, jise jItanA duSkara thA / khAravela ne apanI catura yuddha nIti se teraha sau varSa purAne tamila rASTrasaMgha ko naSTa kara apane kaliMga deza ko niSkaMTaka banA liyA thA / pAMDyoM para vijaya : dakSiNI rAjA pAMDyoM para unhone jala thala donoM ora se AkramaNa kara unase lAkhoM ratnAdi prApta kiye the / isa prakAra dakSiNa meM unakA rAja ho gayA thA / uparyukta varNita unake rAjanaitika vivaraNoM se unakI raNanIti aura dakSatA spaSTa ho jAtI hai| unhoMne kaliMga deza ke rAjya kI sImA pUrva, pazcima uttara aura dakSiNa taka baDhA dI thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki maMcapurI guMphA ke laghu bhitta abhilekha meM unheM cakravartI kahA gayA hai / yathA: "arahaMta pasAdAya... kaliMga cakavatino sirikhAravelasa agamahisinA kAritaM / " prajA ke zubhacintaka tathA udAra rAjA: rAjA khAravela apanI prajA ko bahuta pyAra karate the| apanI 35 lAkha prajA kI suvidhA ke lie unhoMne khivIra tra - Si sAgara nAmaka talAba ke taToM para sIDhiyoM kA nirmANa sarvaprathama karAyA thA / kaliMga ko suMdara aura AkarSaka banAne hetu unhoMne bAgabagIcoM kA bhI punaruddhAra karake unheM sajAyA thA / pAnI kI kamI ko dUra karane ke lie 103 varSa pUrva banI nahara ko kaliMga nagarI taka lAye the / 2. 3. prajA ke manoraMjana ke lie ve sadaiva meloM aura sAmAjika utsavoM kA Ayojana karavAyA karate the / rAjA khAravela udAra the| unakA khajAnA bharapUra thaa| unhoMne rASTrika aura bhojaka Adi caturdika ke rAjAoM ko prarAsta kara maNi, ratna Adi prapta kiye the| unhoMne zaharI aura grAmINa sampUrNa prajA ke karoM ko mApha kara diyA thA / isake alAvA prajA ko aneka riyAyateM dene kI ghoSaNAe~ bhI kI thiiN| 26

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4. kahA bhI hai: "abhisito ca chaThe vase rAjaseyaM saMdaMsayaM to savakaraNa anugraha anekAni satasahasAni visajati poraM jaanpdN|" paMkti 67. rAjA khAravela udAra dAnadAtA the| unhone mathurA se lAye gaye pallava yukta kalpavRkSa pratyeka nAgarika ko diye the| isake alAvA samasta brAhmaNoM ko, vijaya se prApta dhana aura kalpa vRkSa vitarita kiye the| kahA bhI hai: "kaparUkhe.... bamhaNAnAM jaya parihara ddaati|" paMkti 6 / ukta kathanoM se rAjA khAravela kI dAnazIlatA prakaTa hotI hai| dharma nirapekSaH yadyapi rAjA khAravela janmanA aura karmaNA jaina the to bhI ve udAra tathA dharma nirapekSa rAjA the| samasta dharmo ko sammAna dete the| yahI kAraNa hai ki hAthIgumphA zilAlekha meM unheM dharmarAjA, sarvapAsaMDa arthAt sarva dharma pUjaka aura savadevAyatana saMkArakArako athAt samasta dharmoM ke maMdiroM ke nirmAtA aura jIrNoddhAraka kahA gayA hai| unhoMne tatkAlIna yatiyoM tApasoM aura tra-SiyoM zramaNoM aura arhatoM vizrAma hetu aneka guphAoM rUpa AzrayoM kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| paMkti 15 meM kahA bhI hai : .... "sakata samaNa suvihitAnaM ca sava dizAnaM yatinaM tapasa isinaM saMghAyanaM ... / siMhapatha rAnisa (bhlaasehi)|" nirmANa-kArya : 1. rAjA khAravela ne apane zAsanakAla meM aneka nimANi kArya kie the jo nimnAMkti hai: rAjA banane ke prathama varSa meM sarvaprathama apane deza meM tUphAnoM se kSata-vikSata yA TUTe durga, prAkAra, gopura aura aTTAlikAoM kA jIrNoddhAra karavAkara unhoMne prAcIna imAratoM ko nayA rUpa pradAna kiyA thaa| 2. khabIratra-Si nAmaka sAgara kA jIrNoddhAra karAkara ghAToM ko baMdhavAyA thaa| 3. rAjA khAravela ne apane rAja siMhAsana para baiThane ke pAMcaveM varSa meM usa nahara 27

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ko, jise I.pU. cauthI zatAbdI meM nanda rAjA ne banavAyA thA, bar3hAkAra tanasulI ke rAste se kaliMga nagarI taka lAye the, tAki janatA ko pAnI kI asuvidhA na ho| 4. hAthIgumphA zilAlekha kI 10 vI paMkti meM batalAyA gayA hai ki tatkAlIna 38 lAkha mudrA vyaya kara khAravela ne apane rAjatva ke 9veM varSa meM eka rAjamahala kA nirmANa karavAyA thA jisakA nAma mahAvijaya prAsAda thaa| kahA bhI hai : "navame ca vase rAjA nivAsaM mahAvijaya pAsAdaM kArayati aThatisAya stshsehi|" paMkti 10.5. pithuDa yA pithuDa khAravela ke pahale jainiyoM kA tIrthasthAna thaa| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM ise baMdaragAha batalAyA gayA hai| lekina yaha jaina kSetra ke rUpa meM prasiddha thaa| saMbhava hai yahA~ kaliMga jina kI mUrti pratiSThita thii| ukta mUrti kA apaharaNa ho jAne ke vAda usa para kisI jainetara rAjA ne adhikAra kara dUSita kara diyA thaa| khAravela ne usakA punarUddhAra kiyA thaa| gadhoM se jutavAkara use puna: pavitra kraayaa| ukta kArya unhoMne apane prazAsana ke gyArahaveM varSa meM kiyA thaa| paMkti - 22 / ukta zilAlekha kI terahavIM paMkti se sUcita hotA hai ki unhoMne kaliMga kI tatkAlIna do hajAra mudrAoM se bahuta majabUta aura sundara gopura aura zikharoM kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| 7. unhoMne kumArI parvata para zramaNoM (arhatoM) ke vizrAma hetu Azraya sthaloM arthAt guphAoM ko apane zAsana ke 13 veM varSa meM banavAyA thaa| (dekheM paMkti -14) / . rAjA khAravela ne apanI siMhapatha rAnI kI icchAnusAra eka sabhAgAra kA nirmANa, arhata kI nisIdikA (avazeSoM) ke samIpa aura parvata kI DhalAI meM karAyA thaa| isa nirmANa ke lie aneka yojana dUrI se 35 lAkha zilAyeM lAI gaI thii| isakA pharza pATala raMga kA thaa| inake stambhoM meM vaiDUrya maNi jaDe hue the| isa sundara imArata ke banavAne meM 75 lAkha tatkAlIna mudrAe~ kharca huI thiiN| yaha mahala vahI honA cAhie jise vartamAna meM rAnIgumphA kahA jAtA hai| 28

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ukta vivaraNoM se spaSTa hai ki khAravela ne atula dhana vyaya kara sundara imAratoM, mInAroM, stUpoM aura khambhoM (mAna stambhoM ) kA nirmANa karayA thaa| upAsaka : rAjA khAravela ke hAthIgumphA zilAlekha ke vizleSaNa se saSTa hai ki unahoMne teraha varSoM taka kaliMga deza para rAjya kiyA thaa| unhoMne apane rAjya kA vistAra kiyA thaa| unakA rAja koSa bhI ananta mANimotiyoM Adi se paripUrNa thaa| apane rAjakartavyoM aura upalabdhiyoM se ve pUrNa saMtuSTa the / yahI kAraNa hai ki 14 vIM paMkti se 17 vIM paMkti taka ke adhyayana se hama niSkarSa nikAlane ke lie vivaza hai ki aba unakA koI zatru rAjA nahIM raha gayA thaa| isalie aba unhoMne apanI jIvana kI dhArA ko mor3a diyA thA / ve kevala pAkSika zrAvaka hI nahIM the aba ve uttama koTi ke jaina gRhastha arthAt upAsaka ho gaye the| Agamika zabdAvalI meM naiSThika zrAvaka ho gaye the| aba unakA jhukAva dhArmika kRtyoM kI ora ho gayA thaa| ve arhatoM ke parama pujArI aura upAsaka ho gaye the / kahA bhI hai: "terasame ca bAse... rAjabhitinaM cinavatAnaM vAsAsitAnaM, pUjAnurata uvAsaga khAravela sirinA jIva deha sAyikA parikhAtA / " abhI taka jo dhana senA aura vijayayAtrAoM meM vyaya hotA thA, aba vaha dhana unhoMne dhArmika anuSThAnoM meM kharca karanA Arambha kara diyA thaa| jaina dharma ko unhoMne jIvana meM utAranA Arambha kara diyA thaa| jisa kumArI parvata para bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dharma pravartana huA thA aura jahA~ unakA vijaya cakra mahotsava manAyA gayA thA vahIM unhoMne tyAgI, vratI zramaNoM ke lie Azraya sthaloM kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| unheM viveka yA bheda vijJAna ho gayA thA / jIva aura pudgala ke svarUpa bheda ko apane jIvana meM utAra liyA thA / cimanalAla jaicanda zAha ne uttara bhArata meM jaina dharma (pR.156) meM kahA bhI hai : rAjA khAravela nirA nAma kA hI jainI nahIM thA apitu usane isa dharma ko apane nitya naimittika jIvana meM ucita sthAna diyA thA | rAjya vistAra se saMtuSTa hokara usane dhArmika kAyoM meM apanI zakti mor3a dI thI .I 29

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khAravela ne zrAvaka ke vratoM kI pAlanA kara jIva aura deha kA sadviveka kA anubhava kiyA thaa| Agama ke uddhAraka evaM zrotA: / rAjA khAravela kI jaina sammata deva, zAstra aura guru rUpI tIna ratnoM meM pUrI zraddhA thii| hAthIgumphA zilAlekha kI 16 vI paMkti meM kahA gayA hai ki: muriyakAla vochinaM ca coyaThi aMga saMtikaM turiyaM upaadyti| khemarAjA sa vadharAjA sa bhikhurAjA dhamarAjA pasaMtoM sunaMto anubhavaMto kalaNAni ... / rAjA khAravela siri| arthAt maurya kAla meM naSTa hue 12 aMgoM rUpa zruta kA zIghra hI rAjA khAravela ne uddhAra kiyA thaa| ve kSamAzIla rAjA vardhamAna rAjA, bhikhurAjA, dharmarAjA aMgoM kI vAcanA ko dekhatA thA, sunatA thA aura anubhava arthAt manana karatA thaa| zAstroM ke prati unakI zraddhA-bhakti spaSTa hai| yahA~ dhyAtavya hai ki maurya kAla arthAt candragupta maurya ke samaya meM magadha meM 12 varSa kA durbhikSa paDA thaa| usa samaya zruta chinna-bhinna ho gyaa| kaliMga ke rAjA khAravela ne usa samaya sthUlabhadra kI adhyakSatA meM huI zAstra vAcanA meM svIkRta zAstroM aura unake pAThoM ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA thaa| ve bhadrabAhu ke anugAmI the| isI kAraNa se khAravela rAjA ne jaina arhatoM, yatiyoM, tApasoM, paMDitoM Adi saMghoM aura saMghapatiyoM ko AmaMtrita karake navIna nirmita pATala varNa ke sundara imArata meM vAcanA Ayojita kI thii| jisameM ve svayaM upasthita rahate the| isa vAcanA ke dvArA aMga sAhitya ko vyavasthita arthAt unake pAThoM ko aMtima rUpa diyA gayA thaa| . muriya kAla vochinaM ca coyaThi aMga saMtikaM turayiM upaadyti| isa paMkti ke vibhinna artha nikAla kara vidvAnoM ne use vivAdagrasta banA diyA hai| ena.ke. sAhu Adi jainetara vidvAnoM meM coyaThi kA artha 64 karake ukta paMkti kA . artha kiyA hai ki maurya zAsanakAla meM avyavasthita causaTha kalA yukta tauryatrika arthAt nRtya, saMgIta aura vAdya ko unnatazIla banAyA gayA thaa| lekina yaha artha prasaMga ke anukUla nahIM hai| 30

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jaina vidvAn bhI ukta ke artha karane meM eka mata nahIM haiN| AcArya viddAnanda mahArAja ne coyaThi kA artha 12 aMga karake mAnA hai ki maurya kAla meM naSTa hue 12 aMgoM kI vAcanA, pRcchanA aura anuprekSa arthAt manana kara zIghra hI uddhAra kiyA thaa| DaoN. zazikAnta jaina lakhanaU, pro. rAjArAma jaina prabhRti digambara vidvAnoM ne AcArya zrI kA anukaraNa kiyA hai| zvetAmbara vidvAn cimanalAla jaicaMda zAha ne ukta paMkti kA artha karate hue kahA hai ki maurya rAjA ke kAla meM khoye hue 64 prakAraNa vAle cAra khaMDa ke aMga saptikA grantha kA usane uddhAra kiyA thA / astu / uparyukta kathana se siddha hai ki khAravela ne caturdika meM kaliMga rAjya kI vijaya duMdubhi bajAkara usakI sImAe~ sudUra taka vistRta tathA niSkaMTaka kara ve saMtuSTa ho gaye the| terahave varSa meM arthAt 37 varSa kI Ayu meM utkRSTa zrAvaka arthAt gyArahavI pratimAdhArI ailaka ho gaye hogeM / bhikSu (muni) dIkSA : sabhI viddhAn isa viSaya meM eka mata haiM ki hAthIgumphA zilAlekha rAjA khAravela ke rAjya meM prazAsana ke 13 varSo ke pazcAt mauna hai| 17 vIM paMkti meM bhikSu rAjA kahA gayA hai / isase anumAna hotA hai ki jIvana ke aMtima samaya meM unhoMne digambarI muni dIkSA le lI thii| mere isa kathana kA dUsarA AdhAra khaNDagiri kI bAraha bhujI guMphA meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM ke atirikta pazcimI dIvAla ke koMne meM unakI digambara bheSa meM mUrti kA utkIrDita honA hai| unakA kamaNDalu nIce rakhA hai| hAtha meM picchI lie hue dhyAna 31 muni khAravela

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mudrA meM khaDe haiM / unake citra se bhI yahI spaSTa hotA hai| unakA muni dIkSA lenA asaMbhava saMrakSaNa aura saMprasAraNa meM unhoMne apanA jIvana samarpita bhI nahIM hai, kyoM ki jaina dharma ke kara diyA thaa| isa saMbaMdha meM prazna ho sakatA hai ki ukta mUrti rAjA khAravela kI hI hai ? isakA kyA pramANa hai ? vaha kisI dUsare muni kI bhI ho sakatI hai| isake uttara meM itanA kahanA paryApta hogA ki rAjA khAravela jainadharma ke utkarSaka the| unake kAraNa hI kaliMga meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dharma zAsana aba taka sthApita raha skaa| usa dharma ko carturdaka saMprasArita, saMrakSita aura unnatazIla banAne vAle khAravela rAjA ke alAvA koI dUsarA nahIM huA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki unake utarAdhikAriyoM ne caubIsa tIrthaMkara ke pazcAt prAta: kAla smaraNIya khAravela kI mUrti utkIr3ita kara kRtajJatA jJApita kii| parama pUjya AcArya zrI vidyAnanda mahArAja kI bhI yahI mAnyatA hai / rAjA khAravela ke kAraNa hI bha. mahAvIra dvArA bahAI gaI dharma - gaMgA kaliMga meM zuSka nahIM ho skii| aMta meM yaha bhI kahanA cAhatA hU~ ki jaina rAjAoM meM bha. mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt hone vAle candragupta maurya rAjA ke alAvA aisA koI bhI jaina rAjA nahIM huA jise rAjA khAravela ke samakSa khar3A kiyA jA ske| khAravela jaina matAnuyAyiyoM ke lie maMgala svarUpa haiN| gautama gaNadhara ke vAda rAjA khAravela hI parama pUjya aura stavanIya hai / vihAra eNDa ur3IsA risarca sosAiTI patrikA 10/8 meM DA. ke. pI. jAyasavAla ke prakAzita mata 'anusAra unakA nirvANa I. pU. 152 meM huA thA / ke 32

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(kha) khAravela aura jainadharma : khAravela jaina dharma ke saMrakSaka, saMvardhaka aura saMprasAraka the| isakA pramANa hame . hAthI guMphA zilAlekha se prApta hotA hai| usake adhyayana se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki ve svataMtra deza ke jaina rAjA the| jaina dharma unheM paramparA se prApta huA thA kyoM kI unake pUrvaja bhI jaina the| Ara.pI.mahApAtra meM jaina manumeNTas (pR 20) meM kahA bhI hai : "He was the son of an independent Monarch." jainadharma ko unhoMne bAda meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA arthAt jainadharma unakA AyAcita dharma nahIM thaa| jisa prakAra samrATa azoka ne pUrva meM svIkRta jaina dharma ko chor3akara bauddhadharma bAda meM svIkAra kiyaa| usa prakAra kA khAravela ne dharma parivartana nahIM kiyaa| ve janmajAta jainthe| ena.ke.sAhu ne khAravela meM bhI kahA hai : "He was a jain by birth and not converted like Ashok." Ara.pI. mahApAtra ne jaina manumeNTas (pR 21)meM bhI kahA hai "Salutation to the Arhats and Sidhas indicating that Kharvela was a jain by birth." 3461 kathana kI puSTi unake hAthI gumphA zilAlekha se bhI hotI hai| jainadharma meM pAMca parameSThiyoM ko maMgala svarUpa parama pUjya mAnA gayA hai| aha~ta siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ina pAMca parameSThiyoM meM se arhantoM aura samasta siddhAM ko prArambha meM maMgalAcaraNa kI rUpa meM namana kiyA gyaa| isake pazcAt hAthI gumphA zilAlekha kI viSaya vastu aMkita kI gaI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki khAravela ke samaya meM jainadharma ur3IsA kA rAja dharma ke pada para AsIna thaa| ukta kathana se dUsarI bAta yaha siddha hotI hai ki khAravela jaina siddhAntoM meM vizvAsa karatA thA aura unakA vyavahAra meM pAlana bhI karatA thaa| yaha nAma mAtra kA jaina nahIM thaa| uttara bhArata meM jainadharma (pR.129) meM cimanalAla jaicaMda zAha ne likhA bhI hai ur3IsA meM jaina dharma praveza ho kara aMtima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 100 varSa pazcAt hI jainadharma vahA~ kA rAja dharma banagayA thaa| 33

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yadyapi usa samaya brAhmaNa, bauddha dharma bhI kaliMga meM mAnya the lekina sarvazreSThatA ke gaurava jaina dharma ko prApta thA / khAravela kA yaha jainadharma ko saba se bar3A avadAna aura sammAna jainadharma ko rASTrIya dharma banAnA thaa| kaliMgajina kaliMga kI pratiSThA aura gaurava pUrNa vastu thii| jise magadha kA rAjA mahApadma nanda yuddha vijaya ke pratIka svarUpa magadha apane sAtha le gaye the| do sau barSoM meM khAravela ke pUrva kaliMga kA koI aisA zaktizAlI rAjA nahIM huA thA jo kaliMga jina ko vApasa lA ske| yaha kArya khAravela ke lie chor3a diyA gayA thaa| dUsare zabdoM meM khAravela ko apane rAjatva kAla ke 8veM aura 12 veM varSa meM do vAra magadha para AkramaNa kara kaliMga jina ko vApisa kaliMga lAne kA kArya karanA par3A thaa| maMcUrI gumphA ke barAmadA meM khAravela dvArA kaliMga jina kI saparivAra pUjA karane kA dRzya citrita kiyA gayA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaba rAjA khAravela kaliMgajina ko vApisa lAye the aura unakI puna: pratiSThA sollAsa pUrvaka pithaMDa nAmaka usa pavitra sthala para kI gaI thii| jahA~ para pahale bhI ukta kaliMgajina sthApita the| lekina nanda rAjA dvArA magadha le jAne ke kAraNa kisI vidharmI rAjA ne usa para adhikAra kara liyA thaa| rAjA khAravela ne usa rAjA ko parAsta kara pithaMDa ko puna : zuddha karane ke lie gadhoM se jutavAyA thaa| gadhoM se jutavAne kA kAraNa bhAvanAtmaka cintana thaa| vRSabha (baila) AdinAtha tIrthaMkara kA cinha thaa| vRSabha se jutavAne para unakI avamAnanA, anAdara aura azraddhA hotI, isa lie khAravela ne ukta sthAna ko gaMdhoM se jutavAyA thaa| ukta prasaMga khAravela kA jainadharma ke prati dRr3hatA evaM samarpaNa kA paricAyaka hai| jaina monumeMTasa meM Ara. pI. mahApAtra ne kahAbhI hai / "The use of asses in place of Bulls.... Kharvela was a devotee of Rsabhanath bull has been spiritually associated wiht the representation Rsabhanath." samrATa hone ke 9 veM varSa meM rAjA khAravela ne jainadharma ke saMvardhana, saMrakSaNa aura samprasAraNa ke kArya prArambha kara diye the| usa samaya mathurA jainadharma kA gar3ha mAnA jAtA thaa| usa para kisI yavana rAjA ne sambhavata: Dimita ne adhikAra kara liyA thaa| aba vaha magadha ko bhI jItane ke lie sAnnidhya thA / vaha senA lekara rAjagRhI para car3hAI karane ke 34

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lie AyA huA thA / usI samaya khAravela bhI magadha para AkramaNa karane ke lie Aye hue the| jJAta hone para khAravela ne ukta yavana rAjA ko lalakArA aura usakA pIchA karate hue na kevala mathurA ko yavanoM se mukta kArayA balki use aphagAnistAna kI sImA se bAhara khader3a kara mathurA meM jainadharma kA saMrakSaNa kiyaa| yaha advitIya kArya unhoM ne apane zAsana ke 8veM varSa meM kiyA thaa| kahA bhI hai vipamucituM madhuraM apayAto yavana rAja.... Ara. pI mahApAtra ne kahA bhI hai| "In the ... Kharvela led an expedition to Mathura to protect this age old strong hold of Jainism from the hands of the inveding yavans." khaMDagiri aura udayagiri kI guMphAoM se jJAta hAtA hai ki rAja parivAra aura samasta kaliMga kI prajA kI jainadharma aura kaliMgajina ke prati aTUTa zraddhA aura bhakti thI / mathurA se vApisa A kara rAjA khAravela ne eka jaina maMdira kA nirmANa bhI karavAyA thA / apane rAjatvakAla ke teraha veM varSa meM aNuvratI rAjA khAravela ne jisa kumArI parvata para bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dharmacakra prarvatana kiyA thA, vahIM para zramaNoM ke vAste varSAvAsa karane ke lie guMphAoM kA nirmANa karAvAyA thA / khAravela zramaNoM ke prati pUrNa zraddhA rakhate the, unakI pUjArcanA karate the aura unake upAsaka the| jainadharma meM jIva aura ajIva do svatantra tatva mAne gaye hai| ina donoM taravoM kA svarUpa bheda vijJAna se jAna kara sAdhaka mokSa prApta kara sakatA hai / khAravela ne jainadharma ke isa siddhAnta ko bhalIbhAMti pUrvaka AtmasAta kara liyA thA / arthAt ve bheda vijJAnI the| kahA bhI hai "Kharvel's statement in this connection that his sole is dependen (Sarita and Asarita) upon body in accord with Jain concept." khAravela kI siMhaSatha nAmaka rAnI kI bhI jaina dharma ke prati zraddhA, vizvAsa aura usake prati sammAna thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki unakI icchAnusAra arahaMta kI nisIdhikA ke samIpa eka mAna stambha kA nirmANa karAyA gayA thaa| jisa meM maNi jar3e hue the| vahIM para unhoM ne eka sabhAgAra kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| jahA~ para sabhI zramaNa 35

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yati Adi saMgoSThI kriyA karate the| kahA bhI hai sakata samaNa suvihitAnaM ca sava disAnaM yatinaM tapasa isinaM saMghAyanaM arhanta nisIdiyA samipe siMgapatha rAnIsa (bhalAsehI) paTalika catare ca veDuriya gabhe thaMbhe paTathApayatI / paMkti 15-16 khAravela kA saba se mahattvapUrNa kArya mauryakAla meM bArahavarSoM taka durbhikSa par3ane ke kAraNa chinna- mintra aura vinaSTa hue aMga sAhitya ko vyasthita karanA thA / usa samaya sthUlamadrAcArya kI adhyakSatA meM huI vAcanA meM nirNIta aMga sAhitya ke pAThoM ko asvIkAra kara khAravela ne caturdika se zramaNoM ko AhUta kara vAcanA karAI thI usa meM 12 aMga sAhitya ko vAcanA ke dvArA vyavasthita kiyA gayA thaa| rAjA khAravela svayaM usa saMgoSThI meM upasthita ho kara sunate the, manana karate the aura anubhava karate the| hAthI guMphA zilAlekha kI 17vIM paMkti meM kahA bhI hai : muriya kAla vochinaM ca coyaThi aMga saMtikaM turayiM upAdayati / khema rAjA sa vadha rAjA sa bhikhu rAjA dhama rAjA pasaMto sunaMta anubhavaMto kalyANAni / isase siddha hai ki khAravela kI zraddhA AcArya bhadravAhu kI adhyakSatA meM thii| isa sambandha meM DaoN. zazikAnta jaina kA kathana mahatvapUrNa hai / In front of the assembly hall was set of a palered and quadrilateral pillar in laid with berly apparently to serve replace of the monsteambha in accord with the traditional discription of jain concils as vachnana (reading found in letrature). khAravela yuddha bhI jainadharma ke pracAra prasAra kI dRSTi se kiyA karate the / usane pazcima dakSiNa aura uttara meM jainadharma kI pratiSThA kI thii| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jainadharma khAravela ke samaya meM samasta kaliMga meM vyApta hone ke sAtha hI rAjadharma ke rUpa meM prasiddha thA / jainadharma kA saMrakSaka rAjA khAravela kA udaya usa samaya na huA hotA to tIrthaMkara mahAvIra dvArA kI gaI dharma krAMti ur3IsA meM usI prakAra naSTa ho gaI hotI jisa prakAra tathAgata buddha dvArA kI gaI bauddha dharma kI krAMti suyogya uttaradhikArI ke AbhAva meM aise vyakti ke hAthoM bilkula naSTa ho gii| jisakI khyAti bauddha siddhAnta ke unmUlana kartA ke nAma se hai| 36

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kaliMga kA mahAna samrATa khAravela jainadharma kA mahAna samarthaka, saMprasAraka, saMrakSaka aura saMrvadhaka hote hue bhI mahAna udAra, vyavahAra kuzala aura samanvayAtmaka cintaka the| unake dvArA jaina dharma kA AdhAra bhUta siddhAnta anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda ko AtmasAta karane kA pramANa hai hamAre samakSa hAthI gumphA zilAlekha kI 17vIM paMkti prastuta karatI hai| vahA~ spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki apane udAravAdI aura dharma nirapekSa guNoM ke kAraNa ve samasta dharmoM arthAt alpa saMkhyakoM kA sammAna karate the aura unakI pUjA karate the / itanA hI nahIM unhoMne jainetara dharmoM ke adhiSThAnoM maMdiroM Adi kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| dUsaroM ke dharma ke prati samucita sammAna kI bhAvanA rakhane ke kAraNa kaliMga kI janatA ne unheM khema rAjA, vadha rAjA, mikhu rAjA aura dharma rAjA kI upAdhiyoM se sammAnita kiyA thaa| dhIrodAtta guNoM ke kAraNa hI jainadharma tatkAlIna kaliMgavAsiyoM kI svata: jainadharma ke prati suruci pragAr3ha hotI gii| usI kAraNa se jainadharma saMpUrNa kaliMga meM vyApta ho kara rAja dharma ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho gyaa| prAcIna kAla ke kaliMga kA mahAna AkarSaka vyaktitva aura naitikatA ke zikhara para pratiSThita khAravela kI mahAnatA aura dharma nirapekSatA kA yaha supariNAma hai ki Aja adhikAMza prAcIna smAraka arthAt tIrthaMkaroM aura zAsana deviyoM kI mUrtiyoM ko hindU yA brAhmaNIya maMdiroM meM saMsthApita aura surakSita pAte hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pazcAt yAdi I.pU. dUsarI zatAbdI meM khAravela nahIM huA hotA to bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA bahAI gaI jainadharma rUpI gaMgA kI dhArA sadaiva sadaiva ke lie vilutpa ho gaI hotii| yahI kAraNa hai ki ur3IsA meM jainadharma kI carcA karane para hamArA dhyAna khAravela kAlIna jainadharma kI ora baravasa calA jAtA hai / ataH yaha kahanA anucita nahIM hogA ki mahAna udAtta khAravela ke kAraNa hI Aja ur3IsA meM jaina dharma avataka amara hai| 37

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(ga) khAravelottara jainadharma : rAjA khAravela ke pazcAt jainadharma kI ur3IsA meM kyA sthiti rahI yaha sunizcita rUpa se kaha pAnA kaThina hI nahIM balki asambhava hai| kyoM ki tatkAlIna ur3IsA kA itihAsa andhakAra meM hai| yadyapi I.pUprathama zatAbdI taka jaina bauddha aura brAhmaNa dharmoM kA ur3IsA meM astitva thA, lekina khAravela ke pazcAt bhI bahuta samaya taka jainadharma rAjadharma ke rUpa meM banA rhaa| lekina bauddha dharma aura ziva dharma ke tejI se udita hone ke kAraNa jainadharma ko hAni uThAnI pdd'ii| vidvAnoM kA mAnanA hai ki I.sana ke prArambha meM jaina dharma kA prabhutva ur3IsA meM samApta ho gayA thA arthAt jaisA ekachatra rAjya ur3IsA meM pahale thA aba nahIM thaa| dUsare zabdoM meM ur3IsA meM jainadharma kA yuga samApta ho gayA thaa| isakA tAtparya yaha kadApi nahIM hai ki aba jainadharma kA ur3IsA meM astitva hI nahIM bacA thaa| aba jainadharma anya dharmoM ke sAtha milakara astitva meM banA rhaa| jainadharma hindU dharma ke prati avirodhI aura apratidvandvI hone ke kAraNa mahatvapUrNa sattA banAye rhaa| dUsare zabdoM meM jainadharma ne hindU dharma ke sAtha kabhI bhI virodha bhAva nahIM rkhaa| isI mahatvapUrNa nIti ke kAraNa jainadharma ur3IsA meM bnaarhaa| uparyukta bhAvanA se kAma karane ke kAraNa ur3IsA meM jaina dharma anya dharmoM ke sAtha nirantara astitva meM banA rhaa| I.san dUsarI zatAbdI meM jainadharma ke bhAgya ne puna: palTA khaayaa| buddha dharma kA mahattvapUrNa vistAra usa samaya ho gayA, jaba sampUrNa kaliMga para muruNDoM kA adhipatya thaa| muruNDoM ne I. san kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM kisI samaya kaliMga para AkramaNa kiyA thaa| usa samaya sAtavAhana rAjA kA rAjya thaa| unakA pUrvI bhArata meM zAsana thA aura pATalIputra unakI rAjadhAnI thii| muruNDa ke aMtima rAjA guhaziva ke bauddhadharma se prabhAvita hone ke kAraNa jaina nigrantha kaliMga choDakara pATalIputra cale gaye the| I.san 3-4 zatAbdI meM jaba nAga vaMza aura gupta vaMza kA ur3IsA ke keu~jhara jile meM rAjya huA to kaliMga meM jainadharma puna: nirantara gatizIla ho gyaa| keu~jhara jile ke Asanpata abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki vahA~ nAgavaMzI mahArAjA zatrubhaMja 38

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ne veda vedAGga kA vidvAna aura ArAdhaka hote hue bhI dhArmika adhiSThAna aura jaina nirgranthoM ko bahuta bar3I mAtrA meM dhana dAna svarUpa diyA karatA thaa| ukta sthAna nirgrantha kI gatividhi kA kendra thaa| usake cAra ora jaina tIrthaMkara aura zAsana deviyoM ke bahuta bar3I mAtrA meM avazeSa milate hai| jaba muruNDa rAjA dakSiNI kaliMga para aura pitribhA kaTasa athavA mAtharasa uttarI kaliMga para zAsana kara rahe the, usa samaya koI nahIM jAnatA thA ki unake prArambhika zAsana kAla meM jaina dharma itanA vyApta ho jaayegaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sammAna meM vardhamAna nAmaka sthAna ko apanA mukhyAlaya banAyA thaa| kaliMga ke mAthara vaMza ke mahArAja umAvarmana aura mahArAja nandaprabhaMjana varmA ne vardhamAna sahara se apane saMkalpa nirdhArita kie the| arthAt apane caritra kA nimArNa kiyaa| kaliMga meM prAcIna gaMga nareza mAtharoM ke uttarAdhikArI hue| maisUra ke zravaNavelagolA abhilekha ke anusAra gaMgavaMza ke DaDDiMga aura mAdhaza nAmaka rAjakumAra dakSiNa meM Azraya bhUta sthala khoja ne ke liye ayodhyA cale gye| rAste meM siMhanandi nAmaka jaina muni kI preraNA se mAdhaza kaliMga meM Thahara kara kaliMga meM rAjya nirmANArtha prayAsa karane lgaa| jaba kI DADDiga sudUra dakSiNa kI ora calA gyaa| mAdhasa ne jainadharma svIkAra kara liyA aura usa jaina dharma ke sammAna meM hAthI cinha vAlI muhura taiyAra kara usakA upayoga karane lgaa| maisUra ke rAjA dvArA bhI hAthI ke cinha vAlI muhura kA upayoga karane ke kAraNa kaliMga ke gaMgavaMza ke rAjA prArambhika madhyakAla meM jainadharma ko badala kara zaivadharma ke priti niSThAvAna ho gye| lekina ve jainadharma ko bhI mAnate rhe| rAma tIrtha pahAr3I para jaina dharma ke aneka kArya kiye| usI samaya unhoMne keu~jhara jile ke bUla pahAr3a kI taraha rAmatIrtha meM eka jaina maMdira bnvaayaa| I.san 7 vI zatAbdI meM usI prakAra ke jaina maMdira kA nirmANa cAlukyoM ke kSetra meM karAyA thaa| I. san 7vI zatAbdI meM jainadharma ur3IsA meM susampanna sthiti meM thaa| jaba ur3IsA kaMgoda, ur3a aura kaMliga ina tina jAgIroM meM vibhAjita thA tava cInI yAtrI hyUenatsaMga ne I. san 629 se 645 taka kaliMga meM rAjanaitika kAraNoM se bhramaNa karake kahA thA ki kaliMga jaina dharma kA gar3ha thaa| vahA~ jainiyoM kI saMkhyA atyadhika thii| vahA~ aneka saMpradAyoM ke aneka loga rahate the, lekina usane sabase

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adhika saMkhyA nirgranthoM kI thii| Ara. pI. mahApAtra ne kahA bhI hai: "However the observation of the Chinese pilgrim suggests that as late as middle of the 7th century AD Jainism was in flourishing condition in Orissa although Brahmanism had its sway in this region." usane yaha bhI lekhA ki uDra meM 50, kaMgoda meM 100 aura kaMliMga meM 10000 tIrthaMkara aura devoM ke maMdira the| bAnapura meM prApta tAmrapAtra se jJAta hotA hai ki I. san. 7-8vIM zatAbdI meM kaMgoda meM jaina dharmAvalambi the aura zailodabhav vaMzI rAjA dharmarAja dvitIya aura rAnI bhagavatI kalyANa devI jaina dharma kI saMrakSikA aura saMvarddhikA thii| unhoM ne jaina dharma kI vRddhi ke liye AcArya arhata nAsIcandra ke ziSya pravuddha candra tyAgI ko bhUmi dAna meM dI thii| khaMDagiri kI guphAoM meM prApta AlekhoM aura mUrti kalA ke pramANoM se jJAta hotA hai ki I. sana 10-11 vI zatAbdI taka jaina dharma ur3IsA meM sudRr3ha sthiti meM hotA rahA / isa samaya somavaMzI rAjA kA sampUrNa ur3IsA meM rAjya thA / yadyapi usa samaya zaiva dharma kI pramukhatA thii| somavaMzI rAjA yAyati dvitIya candIhara mahAziva gupta ke putra aura uttaradhikArI udyota kezarI somavaMzI rAjA ke navamuni gumphA meM do aura lalATendu meM eka abhilekha utkIrNita hue upalabdha hai| navamuni gumphA ke abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki udyota rAjAI. san 1040 - 1065 ke rAjatva kAla ke 18 veM varSa meM zrI AryasaMgha ke grahakula tathA dezI gaNa ke AcArya kulacandra bhaTTAraka ke ziSya zubhacandra kAmara parvata para Aye the| usa samaya kumAra parvata para kucha prasiddha jaina chAtra rahate the| muni zubhacandra ne isa nava muni guMphA kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| kahA bhI hai / OM zrI madudyota kezarI devasya pravarddhamAne vijaya rAjye saMvat 18 zrI Arya saMgha prativaddha gRhakula vinirgata dezIgaNa AcArya zrI kulacaMdra bhaTTArakasya ziSya subhacaMdrasya / lalATendu kezarI gumphA meM nimnAMkita prApta abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki udyota kezarI ne apane zAsana ke pAMcaveM varSa meM kumAra parvata ke jIrNa maMdiroM aura jIrNa kuNDoM tAlAvoM Adi kI marammata karavAI thii| isake atirikta caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM 40

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ko sthApita karayA thA / kahA bhI hai : OM zrI udyota kezarI vijaya rAjya samvata pAMca zrI kumAra pavvata sthAne jinna vApi jinna isaNa udyotita tasmina thAne caturvisati tIrthaMkara sthApita pratiSThA kAle hariopa jasanaMdika zrI pArasasyanAthasya kamma khayA: ukta abhilekha meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki pratiSThApita caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI pUjA karane ke lie hariopa jasanandi ko niyukta kiyA gayA thaa| ukta abhilekha meM khaMDagiri ko kumAra parvata pahalI bAra kahA gayA hai| isa kathana se prakaTa hotA hai ki purAtana kAla meM udayagiri ko kumArI parvata aura khaNDagiri ko kumAra parvata ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa| isa soma vaMza rAjAoM ke rAja kAla meM khaNDagiri kumAra parvata maThAvAsIya guMphAoM ke prakoSThoM kI vibhAjaka dIvAla ko haTAkara aura pharza gaharA khoda kara unakI U~cAI bar3hA kara aura tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM ko guMphAoM kI dIvAloM para utkIrNita kara guphAoM ko maMdira meM parivartita karavAyA gayA thA / prApta mUrtiyoM, dhvaMsita maMdiroM aura imAratoM ke saMracanAtmaka yA DhA~cA gata bahumAtrA meM prApta avazeSoM se jJAta hotA hai ki ukta vaMza ke rAjA ke zAsana kAla meM nirmANa ke kArya hue the| isa kAlAvadhi se saMbaMdhita bahuta baDI mAtrA meM jaina mUrtiyA~ ur3IsA ke vibhinna sthAnoM yathA bhadraka bAlezvara jilA ke samIpavartI sthAna carampA, bAlezvara jile ke ayodhyA, myUrabhaJja jile ke khIciMga Arai keu~jhara, korApuTa, kaTaka aura purI jile ke aneka sthAnoM meM khojane para upalabdha huI hai| isa se siddha hai ki somavaMza ke samaya meM jainadharma kA caturdika vikAsa huA thaa| maMdira banAye gaye the aura mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThAyeM kI gaI thIM / vAstavikatA yaha hai ki zaivadharma kI pramukhatA hone ke vAbajUda bhI zaiva dharmAvalambiyoM ne jaina dharma kA virodha nahIM kiyA thaa| isake viparIta aneka vizeSa avasaroM para zaivoM ne apane ziva maMdiroM meM jaina mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA karane kI AjJA bhI dI thii| bhuvanezvara ke muktezvara nAmaka ziva maMdira meM ukta abadhi meM sthApita tIrthaMkaroM kI laghu mUrtiyAM ukta kathana ko suspaSTa karatI hai / ataH niSkarSa 41

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rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki somavaMzI rAjAoM kA saMrakSaNa prApta kara jaina dharma atyadhika vikasita aura unnatazIla huA / somavaMza ke pazcAt gaMgavaMza kA abhyudaya huA / sAmrATa gaMga rAjAoM aura gajapatI ke zAsana kAla meM ur3IsA meM jaina dharma pUrNa rUpa se upekSita nahIM rhaa| esa.ena. rAjaguru ne ur3IsA ke inaskripasana nAmaka kRtI meM kahA hai ki zaka saMvat 1100 athavA ananta varmA ke gyArahaveM rAjatva kAla meM rAja- rAja dvitIya gaMgavaMza ke sAmrAjya kannama nAmaka samrATa jaina dharma kA zraddhAlu samarpita aura pujArI thaa| usa ne utkala ke rAjA ko rambhAmajirI (rAmatIrtham) meM paramapUjya jina kI eka mUrti rAja- rAja jinAlaya nAmaka maMdira meM sthApita karane ke lie sahayoga diyA thaa| bhogapura ke katipaya vyApAriyoM ne amara jyoti prajvalita karane ke lie bhUmi pradAna kI thii| ukta abhilekha meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki 22 veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI zAsana devI ambikA kI mUrti kI bhI usI maMdira meM sthApanA kI gaI thii| isa prakAra I.sana 16 vIM zatAbdI taka ur3IsA meM jainadharma kA astitva nirantara aura unnatazIla banA rhaa| lekina isa ke pazcAt jagannAtha dharmapaMtha ke abhyudaya hone se ur3IsA meM aneka sadiyoM taka meM apanA prabhutva rakhane vAlA jainadharma kamajora ho gayA / manamohana gAMgulI ne apanI kRti ur3IsA eNDa hara rimensa meM ThIka hI kahA hai ki jainadharma kI jar3eM itanI gaharI thI ki hama usake cinha 16 vIM sadI Isa vIM taka bhI pAte hai| ur3IsA kA sUryavaMzI rAjA pratApa rUdra deva jainadharma kI ora bahuta jhukA huA thA, jo vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai / jo udayagiri khaMDagiri AdhyAtmika rUpa se jainadharma kI kendra thI aura jahA~ dhArmika anuSThAna hote rahate the, tathA jisa ne sampUrNa deza ko jainadharma kA saMdeza diyA vahI khaDagiri aura udayagiri 16 vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt susutpa ho gii| Ara. pI. mahApAtra ne jainamonumeTasa (pR. 30-31 ) meM kahA bhI hai : "After 16th century Jainism give away to the rising Jagannath cult. Khandagiri the most illustrious centre of Jainism in Orissa was found to have been deserted having acquired 42

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spiritual domination for several centuries with occasional setback Khandagiri Udayagiri stand today as silent witness to the rise growth and decline of Jain religious faith in Orissa." I. san 19 vIM zatAbdI ke anta meM khaMDagiri kI coTI para jaina mandira digamvara saMpradAya ke kaTaka nivAsI maMjU caudharI unake bhatIje ne banavA kara puna: jaina dharma ke anuSThAna hone meM yogadAna diyA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM vistAra se carcA Age karegeM / gha) mahatvapUrNa jaina smAraka : isa bAta kA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai ki jaina dharma ur3IsA kA na kaivala prAcIna dharma thA balki I. pU. dUsarI zatAbdI meM ise yahA~ kA rAjakIya dharma hone kA bhI gaurava prApta thA / 6vIM zatAbdI se 12 vIM zatAbdI taka arthAt soma vaMzI rAjAoM aura gaMgeya rAjAoM ke samaya meM jainadharma kA ur3IsA meM caturdika vikAsa huA mAnA jAtA hai| ata: yahA~ jaina smAraka bahuta bar3I mAtrA meM upalabdha haiN| jaina smAraka se tAtparya prAcIna jaina maMdira, tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyAM, mAnastambha, guMphAoM aura stupa se hai / hAthI gumphA zilAlekha ke vizleSaNAtmaka cintana kara hama ne dekhA ki mahApadmananda rAjA ke samaya meM jaina mUrtikalA kA prArambha prAcIna ur3IsA meM sarva prathama huA thA / kaliMga jina kI mUrti ke nirmita hone kA " udAharaNa ukta kathana kA pramANa hai / samaya ke sAtha sAtha sampUrNa kaliMga meM jaina mUrtiyoM ko pUjane kI paramparA kA vikAsa huA pratIta hotA hai| isake do kAraNa haiN| pahalA kAraNa hai ki jainadharma mokSa mUlaka hai| mokSa hetu sAdhanA kA sAdhana maMdira aura mUrtiyoM ko jainadharma meM viziSTa mAnyatA huI hai| dUsarA kAraNa mUrti kalA ke prati rAga kA honA hai| Aja ur3IsA meM jaina smAraka caturdika vyApta haiM / ur3IsA meM jina sthAnoM para khudAI huI hai vahIM para maMdira aura mUrtiyoM ke upalabdha hone se spaSTa hai ki ur3IsA jaina smArakoM kA kendra hai / upalabdha mUrtiyA~ I.san. 7 vIM zatAbdI se lekara 12 vIM aura kahIM kahIM 14 vIM zatAbdI taka kI upalabdha hai| upalabdha mUrtiyoM meM se tIrthaMkara AdinAtha, pArzvanAtha 43

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aura mahAvIra kI mUrtiyA~ bahutAyata se milatI haiN| yahA~ ur3IsA meM byApta mahattvapUrNa jaina smArakoM kI carcA kreNge| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki jaina smAraka yA to jamIna ke andara dave hue prApta hote haiM aura kahIM jala ke andara upalabdha hote haiN| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki madhyakAla meM musalamAnoM ke AkramaNa ke samaya mUrti bhaMjakoM se bacAne ke lie logoM ne unheM jamIna ke andara chipA diyA hogaa| hindu maMdiroM meM jaina mUrtiyoM kA upalabdha honA sarvadharma samabhAva kA sUcaka hai, jo ur3IsA kI eka anokhI aura advitIya paramparA gata vizeSatA hai| prAcIna jaina smArakoM kA digdarzana pUrva meM vibhAjita jiloM ke AdhAra para kreNge| isa upazIrSaka ke kalevara kI saMracanA kA AdhAra mere dvArA kiye gaye sarvekSaNa ke atirikta ke.sI.pAnigrAhI, ena.ke sAhu, ela.ena.sAhu aura Ara.pI.mahApAtra kI upalavadha mahatvapUrNa kRtiyA~ hai| __ ur3IsA meM jaina smAraka yoM to vartamAna kAlIna sampUrNa ur3IsA meM upalabdha haiN| kintu pahAr3I ilAkoM aura maidAnI ilAkoM meM jaina smAraka pracuratA se milate hai| nimnAMkita jile jaina smArakoM kI dRSTi se vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai : . 1. khurdA jilA 2. purI jilA 3. kaTaka jilA 4. keu~jhara jilA 5. bAlezvara jilA 6. myUrabhaMja jilA 7. gaMjAma jilA 8. kalAhANDI jilA 9. korApuTa jilA 10. DheMkAnAla jilA 44

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ukta jaina smAraka kendro meM se korApuTa, keu~jhara aura myUrabhaMja jile pahAr3I ilAke meM hai / yahA~ jaina smAraka pracuratA se upalabdha haiN| zeSa jile maidAnI ilAke meM vidyamAna haiM / prAcInatama jaina smArakoM ke avazeSa khaMDagiri aura udayagiri meM vidyamAna haiN| prArambhika madhyakAlIna jaina smAraka kendra kI dRSTi se keu~jhara aura korApuTa ke jile mahatvapUrNa haiN| inakA vivaraNa nimnAMkita hai| khurdA jilA 1. 2. 3. 4. 2. 3. purI jilA 1. 4. 6. 7. khaMDagiri udayagiri meM gumphAaiM evaM jaina maMdira vidyamAna haiM / paMcagA~va (jaTanI ror3a) jIrNazIrNa bAga mahAdeva maMdira meM tra - SabhanAtha Adi 160 gandharva aura pUrvadhara AcAryoM kI 8. khaMDagiri ke pAsa AiginiyA meM tra- Sabhadeva kI mUrti hai / candakA jaMgala meM padmAsana avasthA meM kisI tIrthaMkara kI mUrti prApta huI haiN| kAkaTapura ke pAsa vizvAmitra maTha meM tra-Sabhadeva nAtha padmAsanAvasthA meM vidyamAna haiN| latAharana prAcI ghATI meM gomedha yakSa aura ambhikA yakSINi vidyamAna haiN| antarvedI maTha meM neminAtha tIrthaMkara kI mUrti vidyamAna haiM / vizvAmitra Azrama meM ukta tIrthaMkara kI mUrti vidyamAna haiN| bharadvaja Azrama prAcI ghATI meM bhI yogAsana abasthA meM tIrthaMkara kI mUrti vidyamAna haiN| nibhArana (grAmezvara ziva maMdira), nahararor3a, kAkaTapura meM tra- SamanAtha kI mUrti vidyamAna haiN| cadhIvara bAlakaTI ke samipa meM (nRsiMha maMdira ) tra- SamanAtha vidyamAna haiN| udeI turintIrA meM tra- SabhanAtha, pArzanAtha vidyamAna haiM / 45

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9. bhaIMcuA (prAcI vailI) laghu AkRtivAle tIrthaMkara vidyamAna haiN| 10. tulasIpura (caurAsI ke pAsa) meM vibhinna prakAra ke tIrthaMkara (dhAtu se nirmita mUrtiyoM) ur3IsA saMgrahAlaya, bhuvanezvara meM vidyamAna haiN| 11. kAkaTapura meM upalabdha tIrthakara tra- Sabhadeva aura pArzvanAtha kI dhAtu kI mUrtiyA~ ur3IsA saMgrahAlaya meM vidyamAna haiM / 12. zizupAla gar3ha meM upalabdha (bhuvanezvara ke AsapAsa) meM pArzanAtha kI mUrti (ur3IsA saMgrahAlaya meM) vidyamAna haiN| 13. brahmozvarapATanA se prApta (zizupAla gar3ha ke pAsa ) - SabhanAtha aura amvikA ( DheMkAnAla saMgrahAlaya meM) vidyamAna haiM / 14. muktezvara maMdira (bhuvanezvara) meM do tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ (cinhAbhAva) haiN| acyuta rAjapura (bANapura ke pAsa meM) tAveM kI mUrtiyA~ milI thiiN| (ur3IsA saMgrahAlaya meM saMcita haiM) / 15. 16. zrIrAmacandra pura 17. (vAluMkezvara maMdira) tAveM kI mUrti hai / zrI rAmacandra pura (satyavAdI pulisa sTesana grAmadevI maMdira ke pAsa) tra-SabhanAtha tIrthaMkara, pArzvanAtha ajitanAtha, zAntinAtha aura mahAvIra tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / 18. purI ( jagannAtha maMdira, dakSiNI, dvAra mArga kI dIvAla ke eka Ale ne sthApita) AdinAtha tIrthaMkara kI mUrti hai / kaTaka jilA 1. lalitagiri meM AdinAtha tIrthaMkara kI mUrti hai / 2. ar3asapura meM tra-SabhanAtha kI mUrti upalabdha hai| 3. poDAsiMgir3I meM tIrthaMkaroM thI mUrtiyA~ vidyamAna hai / bar3ambA meM do tIrthaMkara tra- SabhanAtha aura acihnita mUrti vidyamAna hai| narasiMhapura meM rUpanAtha maMdira meM padmanAtha tIrthaMkara, pArzvanAtha aura candraprabho tIrthaMkara haiM / 4. 46

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6. tigiriyA meM tIrthaMkara padmaprabha tAlAba se prApta hue haiN| caudvAra meM eka choTA maMdira hai, usa meM tra-SabhanAtha, ziva ke rUpa meM parivartita kara die gaye haiN| jAjapura akhaMDezvara mahAdeva maMdira meM neminAtha tIrthaMkara kI mUrti hai| pArTI prAcIghATI meM svapnezvara maMdira meM tra-Sabhadeva kI mUrti upalabdha hai aura nilakaMThezvara ziva maMdira meM mahAvIra tIrthaMkara kI mUrti vidyamAna hai| 10. jagatsiMhapura meM khaNDezvara mahAdeva maMdira (nAsika, koTiana) zAMtinAtha tIrthaMkara kI mUrti vidyamAna hai| prati kaTaka zahara, caudhurI bAjAra meM eka jaina maMdira, mAna stambha (tIna vediyAM) hai| tra-SabhanAtha kI pAMca, mahAvIra kI eka, pArzvanAtha kI 4, padmaprabha eka, zAntinAtha kI eka, isake atirIkta caumukhA, gaNadhara, pUrvadhara kI mUrtiyA~ vidyamAna haiN| ina meM adhikAMza prAcIna mUrtiyA~ khaMDagiri, udayagiri aura poDAsiMgar3I se ikatra kI gaI haiN| arvAcIna dhAtu kI mUrtiyA~ zradhAluoM dvArA dAna svarUpa pradAna kI gaI haiN| tra-SabhanAtha, mahAvIra aura pArzvanAtha jaina mandira, caudhurI bajAra, kaTaka 47

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12 dolamunDAi ke jagannAtha maMdira ke Ale meM kaTaka zahara meM tra-SabhanAtha ki mUrti hai| yaha bahuta sundara hai| jo lagabhaga 30barSa pahale eka tAlAba se prApta huI thii| 13 cAvaliyAgaMja kaTaka (caityAlaya) meM candraprabhuzAntinAtha, mahAvIra svAmI, padmAvatI, aura kSetrapAla kI eka-eka mUrti hai| 14. jayapura, dazvAsamedha ghATa ke gaNeza maMdira meM zAntinAtha kI sundara mUrti hai| 15. maMgarAjapura (jayapura) bar3a carapoI meM caumukhA hai| 16. pratApa nagara ke AsapAsa se prApta jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI 14 jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI sabhI mUrtiyA~ nava nirmita jaina saMgrahAlaya meM saMcita kara dI gaI hai| (dekheM pariziSTa-1) 17. bhANapura meM kAMse kI pArzvanAtha kI mUrti eka choTe maMdira meM rAkhI huI hai| 18. jAu~liyA paTTI (kaTaka zahara) meM pArzvanAtha kI mUrti hai| kAjI bAjAra, kaTaka sahara meM nava nirmita zvetAmbara jaina maMndira meM mArabala aura kAMse kI eka-eka navIna mUrtiyA~ upalabdha haiN| jhAr3ezvara pura (kuzamaMDala) meM gaNadhara pUrvadhara, zrAvaka, zrAvikA kI mUrtiyA~ jamIna se nikAlI gaI haiN| 21. barUniyA meM tra-SabhanAtha kI mUrti hai| 21. lendra bhagavAnapura kendupATanA ke pAsa meM eka jaina caumukhA hai| 22. atuTagrAma meM kanakezvara mahAdeva maMdira meM pArzvanAtha aura tra-SabhanAtha kI eka eka mUrti hai aura eka tIrthakara kI pahicAna nahIM ho skii| keu~jhara jilA yaha eka jaMgalI ilAkA hai| Ananda pura savaDibhIjana meM jaina smArako ke kendra vidyamAna haiM / Anandapura keu~jhara jile ke vaitaraNI nadI ke kinAre para avasthita hai| yahA~ para tra-Si tar3Aga hone kA ullekha jaina sAhitya meM huA hai| Anandapura se 15 kilomITara kI dUrI para vaidakhiA nAmaka gA~va hai| isa grAma se lagabhaga 2/3 kilomITara 48

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kI dUrI para sAla Adi vRkSa se gherA huA parvata hai| jaina rUinsa ina keu~jhara sTeTa nAmaka apanI kRti meM bI. AcArya ne kahA hai ki jIrNa-zIrNa maMdira aura jaina tIrthaMkaroM ke purAvazeSa yahA~-vahA~ vikhare hue haiN| por3asiMgiDI grAma ke najadIka rAmacaMDI sthAna meM jaina tIrthaMkaroM aura zAsana devI-devatAoM kI mUrtiyA~ Adhunika maMdiroM kI dIvAloM meM yA to dRr3hatA se saTI huIM haiM yA rakhI huIM hai / una mUrtiyoM meM AdinAtha aura padmaprabhu kI mUrtiyA~ pramukha haiM / yahA~ ke smArakoM kA digdarzana nimnAMkita hai| 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. por3AsiMgir3I Anandapura savaDivijana meM hai| yahA~ jIrNa zIrNa maMdira aura tIrthaMkara kI mUrtiyA~ phailI huI haiN| rAmacanDI por3AsiMgir3I ke pAsa, yahA~ tra- SabhanAtha, ambikA kI do mUrtiyA~ aura aMbikA - gomedha kI saMyukta eka mUrti haiN| vaidakikhA meM mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa hotA hai| mUrtiyA~ 6 phITa U~cI taka nirmita hotI hai / dvAra caMDI yA gada caMDI meM pArzvanAtha kI mUrti hai| ina ke dono ora 23 tIrthaMkara bhI utkIrNita haiN| paMcabhabana (Anandapura) meM pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara kI 1. tra - SabhanAtha tIrthaMkara kI 2 aura yakSiNI ambikA kI 1 mUrti sthApita hai| jambhIrA meM amvikA kI mUrti hai, pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara aura caumukhA bhI upalabdha haiN| thumigA~va meM - SabhanAtha, ambikA aura gomedha kI mUrtiyA~ hai / 7. 8. bAIMcuA meM zira rahita pArzvanAtha kI mUrti hai / 9. sainkula meM pArzvanAtha kI do mUrtiyA~ haiM / 10. salapura meM jaina dharma sambandhI cinha upalabdha hote haiM / 49

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IGI bhadraka jilA : kiyA jA carampA : yahA~ para rahAniyA Tenka kSetra meM sarAka jAti ke loga rahate hai, jo prAcIna jaina haiN| eka pArzvanAtha kI mUrti baragada ke per3a ke nIce upalabdha hai| vAlezvara jilA : 1. kupArI meM pArzvanAtha kI tIna mUrtiyA~ vidyamAna hai| 2. punDala, sona nadI ke talahaTI meM sthita hai| pArzvanAtha kI mUrti prAcIna jaina kalA kI udAharaNa rUpa meM vidyamAna hai| klgth rigeedd bhImapura bAlezvara zahara se ATha kilomITara kI dUrI para sthita isa grAma meM mahAvIra tIrthaMkara (vardhamAna svAmI) tra-Sabhadeva, aura zAMtinAtha kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| ayodhyA nIlagiri se 6 kilomITara dUrastha yahA~ para aneka purAne tathA jIrNazIrNa maMdira gumbaja, Ambalaka idhara-udhara phaile hue haiM / maNinAgezvara maMdira (ayodhyA grAma) meM zivaliMga ke pAsa tra-SabhanAtha kI mUrti rakhI huI hai| isa maMdira kI bAharI dIvAla para pArzvanAtha kI mUrti utkIrNita hai| maMdira ke samIpa bahuta bar3A kuMDa Com hai| Ayo dhyA saMgrahAlaya meM tra-SabhanAtha kI mUrtiyA~, gomedha yakSa aura AmbiAkA - yakSiNI, pArzvanAtha bhImapura meM zAntinAtha tIrthaMkara aura AdinAtha tIrthaMkara 50

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PM JHAR 98 R kI mUrti, caumukhA, bhagna tIrthaMkara kI mUrti sthita hai| bAlezvara saMgrahAlaya meM eka khar3agAsana tIrthaMkara haiM jo abhItaka pahicAne nahIM gye| eka tra-Sabhadeva mI mUrti kAyotsargAvasthA meM aura eka tra-Sabhadeva dhyAnAvasthA meM vidyamAna haiN| isameM manasA zAsanadevI bhI upalabdha haiN| kAlimaMdira (bAlezvara) meM bur3hAvalaMga nadI ke kinAre sthita kAli maMdira meM " IC MARA S THE KAR HORT vAlezvara myujiyama meM sthita pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara / SA neminAtha kI zAsana devI ambikA virAjamAna haiM jo abhI pArvatI ke rUpa meM pUjI jAtI haiN| neminAtha kI mUrti ukta zAsana devI ke zira ke Upara vidyamAna hai| 10. mArtasola grAma (jalezvara kSetra meM) yahA~ zAMtinAtha tIrthaMkara kI khaDgAsana tathA kAyotsarga mUrti upalabdha hai| 11. mANika cauka meM zAMtinAtha tIrthaMkara aura caumukhA kI mUrti upalabdha huI thI, ayodhyA saMgrahAlaya meM pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara

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RATE S jo aba ur3IsA saMgrahAlaya meM vidyamAna haiN| caumukhA meM tra-SabhanAtha mahAvIra, zAMtinAtha aura candraprabhu tIrthakara kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| 11. carampA meM ambikA devI Ama ke vRkSa ke nIce baiThI huI pratIta hotI hai jo aba grAma devI ke rUpa meM pUjI jAtI hai| mayUrabhaMja jilA: ___ mayUrabhaMja jile meM madhyakAlIna prAcInatA pracuratA se prApta hotI hai|| prAcIna kAlIna avazeSoM kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa yaha nizcaya pUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki mayUrabhaMja kaba se jaina dharma kA kendra rhaa| le kina nimnAMkita sthAnoM meM mUrtiyA~ prApta hotI haiN| jhArakhaMDa kI taraha mayUrabhaMja meM bhI sarAka jainoM kI vastiyA~ haiN| mayUrabhaMja ke rAjA ke jaina dharma ke sAtha sambandha the| unhoM ne isa dharma kI sthApanA meM saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyA thA aura unakA jainadharma ke prati atyadhika moha thaa| sarAka logajaina siddhAntoM kA pAlana, vyavahAra meM karate the aura sAmAjika rIti rivAjoM meM bhI unakA prayoga karate the| samasta dhArmika prathAoM kA pAlana karate the| yahA~ saMkSepa meM jaina smAraka sthaloM kA varNana kreNge| baDusaI : bAripadA se 30 kilomITara dUra hai| baudhipokharI grAma ke samIpa maMgalA maMdira ke nikaTa aneka jaina mUrtiyA~ surakSita rakhI huI haiN| yahA~ ke caumukhA meM candraprabha, tra-SabhanAtha, ajitanAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNita haiN| tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI zAsana devI AmbikA aura yogAsana meM sthita tIrthaMkara kI eka choTI pratimA hai| mayUrabhaMja meM prApta tIrthaMkara tra-SabhanAtha 52

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2. koisalI : baDusaI ke samIpa meM hijala per3a ke nIce sthita isa sthAna para klorAITa patthara kI nirmita bahuta sundara pArzvanAtha kI mUrti hai| ina ke samIpa meM eka paTTI para kAyotsarga avasthA meM do choTe gandharva haiN| barUDI meM baDusaI se lagabhaga eka kilomITara kI dUrI para sthita isa sthAna para eka ambikA kI mUrti baragada ke per3a ke nIce sthita hai| yaha kutAjanI ThAkurAnI ke nAma se grAmINoM dvArA pUjI jAtI hai| rAnI baMdha (baDusaI se lagabhaga pAMca kilomITara dUra) meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI eka pratimA hai| bar3a jagannAtha maMdira I.san. 1575 meM nirmita isa maMdira meM pArzvanAtha tIrthakara aura tra-SabhanAtha kI do-do mUrtiyA~ haiN| bAripadA saMgrahAlaya meM tra-SabhanAtha aura caimukhA prApta haiN| caimukhA meM tra-SabhanAtha, zAntinAtha, candraprabha aura mahAvIra kI mUrtiyA~ vidyamAna haiN| jo khuntapAla grAma se prApta huI haiN| isake atirikta yahA~ tA~veM kI no mUrtiyA~ bhI vidyamAna haiN| 7. khunTapAla : i.san. 1935 meM yahA~ tA~veM kI jo mUrtiyoM prApta huIM thIM una meM tIna tra-SabhanAtha kI, tIna pArzvanAtha kI, do zAMtinAtha kI, eka ambikA kI aura eka aise tIrthaMkara kI mUrti hai jinheM pahicAnA nahIM gayA hai| 8. ravIciMga : brAMca meM cAra tra-SabhanAtha, sAMtinAtha, pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyA~ vidyamAna haiN| inake atirikta kucha aura aise tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ hai jina meM cinha na hone ke kAraNa unheM pahicAnA asambhava haiN| kucha mUrtiyA~ bhagma bhI haiN| ye sabhI mUrtiyA~ bibhInna sthAnoM se saMgRhIta kI gaI haiN| benu sAgara bhajagA~va se lagabhaga 12 kilomITara dUra aura khIciMga ke bilkula sanikaTa hai| yahA~ aneka prAcInatama jaina maMdira haiN| una meM se adhikAMza meM tIrthakara kamara taka jamIna ke aMdara haiN| 10. bArIpadA ke jagannAtha maMdira meM tIrthaMkara tra-SabhanAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI khaDgAsana tathA kAyotsarga rUpa meM divAloM para dRr3hatA pUrvaka sthAI rUpa se sthApita kI gaI dRSTigocara hotI haiN| .

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korApuTa jilA : ___ korApuTa jilA jaMgaloM se AcchAdita haiN| jaina dharma ke tIrthaMkaroM, gaNadharoM, mUniyoM aura pracArakoM ke liye yaha zAnta aura upayogI sthAna hone ke kAraNa jaina dharma kA yahA~ bahuta pracAra huA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina purAtattva sambandhI sAmmagrI aura jaina smArakoM ke lie korApuTa jilA ananyatama rUpa se dhanI aura agraNIya hai| yahA~ para madhyakAla meM nirmita maMdira, tIrthakaroM kI yakSa yakSiNiyoM sahita mUrtiyA~ upalabdha haiN| isake alAvA hindU maMdiroM kI dIvAloM para bhI jaina mUrtiyA~ dRr3hatA se sthApita haiN| kisI-kisI hindU maMdira meM ve hindU devI-devatAoM kI taraha pUjI jAtI haiN| jaina smArakoM ke lie vikhyAta korApuTa kSetra meM jaina dharma kI kaba pradhAnatA rahI yA jaina dharma kA yahA~ kaba adhipatya rahA hai? yaha nizcita rUpa se kaha pAnA yA nizcita samaya nirdhAraNa karanA asaMbhava nahIM to kaThina avazya hai| nandapura, suaI, kacelA, catuA, siMdhapura, boriMgummA, yamuda, koTapAr3a, caramula, nArI gAva~, kamaTa, malI nayAgA~va, devatA gaMjara, katharagudA, pakhAna gur3A aura pAlava jaina mUrtiyoM ke pradhAna aura labdhapratiSTha kendra haiN| isake atirikta jayapura ke brAhmaNika maMdiroM ke parisare meM jaina mUrtiyoM ko surakSita rakhA gayA hai| turanta nirmita jilA saMgrahAlaya jayapura meM bhI vibhinna sthAnoM se jaina tIrthaMkaroM aura zAsana deviyoM kI mUrtiyA~ bahuta bar3I mAtrA meM saMcita kI gaI haiN| ur3IA bhASA meM likhI gaI kRti or3IzAra jainadharma (pRSTha 152) meM ela.ena.sAhu ne likhA hai ki kumAra vidyAdhara siMhadeva ne saMsUcita kiyA thA ki jayapura aura nandapura meM jaina avazeSoM ko dekhane se merA cintana aura bhI adhika dRr3ha huA ki ina kSetroM meM jainadharma kA prabhutva thaa| nandapura meM jaina mUrtiyoM kI pracuratA pUrvaka upalabdhi aura mahattvapUrNa vizAla jaina maMdiroM ke mahattvapUrNa tathA bRhata avazeSoM ke milane se spaSTa saMketa milate haiM ki prAcIna kAla meM nandapura jainadharma kA kendrthaa| jayapura meM prApta jainatva hame samajhane ke lie bAdhya karatA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM kaliMga jainadharma meM thaa| kyoM ki kaMliga para bahuta samaya taka jaina dharmAnuyAyI nandavaMza ke rAjAoM kA rAjya rhaa| 54

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jainanagarI: jAnisatNa kili - yaha jayapura ke sannikaTa abhI bhI sthita hai| jayapura ke sthAnIya nivAsI hindu matAvalambI jaina mUrtiyoM ko hindU devI-devatAoM kI taraha pUjate haiN| akRtrima kAyotsarga rUpa meM khar3agAsana jaina mUrtiyoM ko hindU loga gaMgA mAI kI mUrti mAna kara unheM saMtuSTa karane ke lie unake sAmane bakarAdi kI bali car3hAte haiN| bhaviSya meM avazya hI yaha siddha ho jAyegA ki jayapura kI samasta pASANa kI mUrtiyA~ jainadharma kI haiM / jaina nagarI nAmaka gA~va kA abhI bhI astitva meM honA yahI siddha karatA hai ki jayapura jainadharma kA ananyatama gar3ha thaa| eka gozAka yahA~ yaha bhI spaSTa kara denA Avazyaka hai ki korApuTa jile kA mahatvapUrNa aura agraNIya bhAga pUrvI gaMgeya soma vaMzI rAjAoM aura telagu codasa ke rAjAoM ke rAjya meM sammilita thaa| una rAjAoM ne anya dharmoM ke sAtha jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra karane kI anumati dI thii| aba hama korApuTa jile meM prApta jaina smAraka sthaloM kA nirIkSaNa prastuta kreNge| nandapura kA sarvezvara maMdira : kaNA tAjA nandapura se pAMca kilomITara dUra sthita malI nuA gA~va se lAI gaI teIsa veM tIrthaMkara kI zAsana devI lalitAsana meM sthita padmAvatI kI mUrti khule vitAna ke nIce rakhI huI hai| isa ke cAra hAtha haiM aura pAMca phaNa vAlA sarpa una ke mastaka ko DhAke hue hai| inakA eka hAta khaMDita hai| inake mastaka para sAta phaNI sarpayukta pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara virAjamAna haiN| suaI: maka yaha ghanaghora jhAr3iyoM aura jhuramuToM se yukta suaI grAma meM jaina smAraka vidyamAna haiN| yahA~ 10 - suaI se prApta tIrthakara tra-SabhanAtha

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choTe maMdira haiM jo aNDAkAra meM saTe hue aura nIce dIvAla se ghere hue katAra baddha haiN| le kina ve sabhI kSatigrasta haiN| una meM se kevala kucha hI abhItaka khar3e hue haiN| maMdiroM meM bane paTTioM para jaina tIrthaMkara aura zAsan doviyA~ utkIrNita haiN| tra-SabhanAtha kI 9 mUrtiyA~ mahAvIra tIrthaMkara kI zAsana devI cakrezvarI aura ajitanAtha tIrthaMkara kI zAsana devI rohinI kI eka eka mUrti haiN| kacelA: yaha bhAkharA jala prapAta se daza kilomITara aura korApuTa se pandraha kilomITara dUra hai| yahA~ para patthara se banA huA aura bahuta sundara eka maMdira aura chaha mUrtiyA~ haiN| gomedha yakSa aura ambikA kA eka paTTiye para aura ambikA kA eka patthara para utkIrNana huA hai| tra-SabhanAtha, zAntinAtha, mahAvIra, ajitanAtha aura mahAvIra, tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ vidyamAna haiN| borIgumA : borIgumA gA~va ke samIpa bhairava pahAr3I kI talahaTI meM sthita bhairava mandira hai| isa kI dIvAla meM pIle raMga ke pASANa kI tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI eka mUrti antaH sthApita hai| gomedha yakSa aura ambikA yakSiNI bhI ukta maMdira kI dakSiNI dIvAla ke Ale meM rakhI huI hai| bhagavatI maMdira : bIzavIM satAbdI meM nirmita jayapura ke bhagavatI maMdira para TIna kA chapara haiN| isa brahmanIkala maMdira meM aneka tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| jayapura ke isa maMdira ke garbha gRha meM 16 bhujAoM vAli cakrezvarI kI bahuta sundara mUrti hai| sthAnIya nivAsI ise bhagavatI ke rupa meM pUjate haiN| tIrthaMkaro kI paMkti ukta maMdira meM surakSita hai| sthAniya loga mahAdeva ke rupa meM unakI pUjA karate hai| ukta tIrthaMkaroM meM se tra-SabhanAtha, zAntinAtha, ajitanAtha vimalanAtha kI pahacAna kara lI gaI hai| 56

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isa maMdira kI Ale meM zAntinAtha kI eka aura mUrti surakSIta hai / ukta maMdira meM anya mUrtiyA~ vidyamAna haiN| ukta maMdira meM unya mUrtiyoM meM do aura tIrthakaroM kI mUrtiyA~ hai lekina pahacAnA nahIM gayA haiN| isa meM dhyAnastha tIrthaMkara mahAvIra unakI zAsana devI siddhAyikA aura tra- SabhanAtha aura unakI zAsana devI cakrezvarI utkIrNita hai| kAlI maMdira : (jayapura) : isa meM tra- SabhanAtha aura una kI zAsana devI cakrezvarI utkIrNita hai| gaMgAdevI maMdira : kAlI maMdira ke dakSiNa meM sthita gaMgAdevI maMndira meM eka tIrthaMkara kI mUrti hai / jisa ke cinha ko na samajha ne ke kAraNa unheM pahicAnA nahIM gyaa| ina ke atirikta jayapura se lAI gaI tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI do pratimAyeM rakhI huI haiN| jayapura jilA saMgrahAlaya : isa meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI eka mUrti aura eka zAsana devI kI mUrti surakSita hai| isa saMgrahAlaya meM 34 mUrtiyA~ haiM / 21 siMgapura, 2 cAramUlA, 2 korApuTa, 7 jAmuNDA aura 2 kamaTa se lAI gaI haiN| siMgapura : yaha kisI samaya jaina dharmakA kendra thA / isa ke Asa-pAsa atyadhika mAtrA meM eka phuTa se lekara pAMca phITa taka U~cI jaina tIrthakaroM kI mUrtiyA~ dRSTi gocara hotI haiN| chappariyAmaMdira : tra - SabhanAtha kI chappara yukta maMdira meM pUjA kI jArahI hai| jagannAtha maMdira : - SabhanAtha kI eka mUrti jagannAtha maMdira meM rakhI huI hai, jisakA upayoga grAmINa apanI kulhAr3I teja (painI) karane meM karate haiM 1 57

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zivamaMdira : pahAr3I kI talahaTI meM sthita haiN| bahuta bar3I mAtrA meM jaina mUrtiyA~ ziva mandira kI dIvAla meM nirmita haiN| cAramUlA aura nAri gA~va : __ siMgapura se cAra-pAMca kilomITara dUra sthita ina donoM gA~voM meM bhI bahuta bar3I mAtrA meM jaina mUrtiyA~ upalabdha haiN| jamunDAgrAma : bhASaNavAle chapara yukta AdivasiyoM dvArA nirmita isa maMdira meM sarapaMca ke anusAra saMkhyAta guphAoM meM jaina mUrtiyoM ko chipA kara rakha diyA gayA hai| isa maMdira meM pAMca tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ sthita haiN| vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA ki ur3IsA kA yaha bhAga jainadharma kA adhiSThAna thaa| siMgapura : (saMgrahAlaya) yahA~ para 21 jaina mUrtiyA~ rakhI huI haiN| una meM se 6 mUrtiyA~ tra-SabhanAtha kI haiN| pArzvanAtha, ajitanAtha aura mahAvIra kI eka eka mUrti hai| pAMca ese tIrthaMkara kI mUrtiyA~ haiM jina ko abhI taka pahicAnA nahIM gayA hai| sAta yakSa aura yakSiNiyoM kI bhI mUrtiyA~ haiN| borIgumA blak ke pAkanIgur3A aura kAthara gur3A grAma meM khodAi karane para jIrNasIrNa eka jaina mandira bhI upalabdha huA hai| kamaTa: __ jaina mUrtiyoM kI dRSTi se yaha kSetra bahuta samRddha hai| yahA~ do tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA haiN| una meM se eka tra-Sabhadeva kI hai| ___isI prakAra se gaMjAma jile meM khalikoTa aura kalAhAMDi jile meM jUnAgar3a aura DheMkAnAla jile meM bAlANI aura AThamallika meM bhI jaina mUrtiyA upalabdha haiN| 58

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Da. sarAka : dhArmika evaM sAMskRtika vimarza 1 ur3IsA meM jaina smArakoM kI carcA karane ke pazcAt sarAkoM kI carcA kiye vinA smArakoM kI carcA adhUrI raha jAyegI / sarAka zabda zrAvaka kA vigar3A huA rUpa hai jainadharma meM madya pInA, mAMsa khAnA, juA khelanA, vezyA gamana, parastrI gamana, zikAra khelanA aura corI karanA ye sAta vyasana mAne gAye haiM / madya, mAMsa aura madhukA tyAga karanA, tathA ahiMsANu satyANu acauryANu, brahmacaryANu aura aparigraha guNa vratoM kA pAlana karanA ye ATha jaina dharma meM mUla guNa grahasthoM ke batalAye gaye haiN| ata: sAta vyasana kA tyAga karanA aura mUla guNoM kA pAlana karane vAle jaina gRhastha zrAvaka kahalAtA hai| jaina zrAvaka na to rAta meM bhojana karatA hai aura na binA chanA pAnI pItA hai| jIvoM para dayA karatA hai aura nitya pratidina deva vandanA karatA hai / pIpala, Umara, kaThUmara, bar3a aura pAkara jaise kSudra udambara phaloM ko jaina zrAvaka nahIM khAtA hai| vaha tIna guNavratoM arthAt digavrata, dezavrata aura anartha daMDavrata tathA 4 zikSAvratoM arthAt bhoga-upabhoga parimANa vrata, sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa aura vaiyAvRtya kA bhI jaina zrAvaka pAlana karatA hai| ukta anivArya lakSaNa vAlA zravaka tyAgI, yati, muni aura zramaNa kI apekSA saba se nIcI zreNI kA hotA hai / prAcIna ur3IsA meM sarAka zabda kA prayoga prAcIna manuSyoM ke aise varga ke lie huA jo vartamAna ur3IsA ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM pAye jAte haiM, aura jo Arthika dRSTi se pichar3e hue haiN| ur3IsA ke atirikta bihAra ke choTA nAgapura, mAna bhUmi aura siMhapura ke kSetroM meM aura baMgAla ke sannikaTa ke kSetroM meM bhI vyApaka rUpa se saraka rahate haiN| ur3IsA meM sarAkoM ko vartamAna meM purAtana jainoM kA avazeSa kahA jA sakatA hai| ur3IsA meM prAcIna jaina maMdiroM ke avazeSa, doSa pUrNa mUrtiyA~ aura sthAnIya danta kathAyeM ina jaina zrAvakoM ke astitva kI gAthA gAte haiN| hastakalAkArI ina kI viziSTa pahicAna hai| myUrabhaMja jile ke antargata sarAkoM kI jIrNa-zIrNa vastiyA~ abhI bhI vidyamAna hai| mayurabhaMja ke sannikaTa svIciMga nAmaka grAma meM bahuta purAtana kAla se sarAkoM kI vastiyA~ thIM / khIciMga aura bArIpadA saMgrahAlaya kI gyAliriyoM meM jainadharma ke 59

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tIrthaMkaroM ko saMcita kiyA gayA hai| yathA- kosalI, bAdazAhI, puNDala, kasaba, Adipura vAripadA zahara ke jagannAtha maMdira Adi sthAnoM meM jaina avazeSa anukrama se surakSita hai| esI paramparA hai ki bhUtakAla meM sampUrNa myUrabhaMja meM sarAka apane astitva ko banAye rakhane ke lie dhIre dhIre aspaSTa prabhAva DAlate rhe| janarala oNpha bihAra aura ur3IsA (bhAga 12/3 pR 41) meM esa.ena. rAya ne myurabhaMja ke sarAkoM ke sambandha meM batalAyA hai ki unakI saMskRti aura zreSThatA prAyaH ardha devoM kI taraha hai| unakI vastiyoM ke sthaloM para dhvaMsa maMdira unake prAcIna gaurava ke sAkSya haiN| apane bhagavAnoM ke lie unhoMne mandiroM kA nirmANa pattharoM se utkRSartA pUrvaka kiyA thA, lekina unhoMne kabhI bhI apane lie pattharoM ke ghara nahIM bnaaye| yaha unake dhArmika aura Atma saMmaya kA pratIka hai| ur3IsA ke gaoNvoM loga Aja bhI apane bhagavAn Izvara ke maMdiroM kA nirmANa pattharoM aura IMTo se karate haiM, lekina svayaM pIr3hI dara pIr3hI khaparoM ke chAye miTTI kI kuTiyA meM rahate haiM / yadyapi sarAkoM kI saMskRti aura sabhyatA kA citraNa karanA bilkula bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| unakI parapaMrAnusAra pratyeka sarAka parivAra kA eka nijI svataMtra tAlAba hotA thaa| aisI kivadantI hai ki unake samIpastha tAlAboM ko gina kara saMbaMdhita vastI meM rahane vAle parivAroM kI saMkhyA patA lagAyA jA sakatA thaa| Aja kala jo tAlAba upalabdha haiM ve sacamuca bar3e haiN| una kA utkhanana karane se ve uccastarIya sabhyatA kI ora saMketa karate haiN| kRSi karma ke lie loheke aujAra yaMtra, upakaraNa aura TUTI talavAreM bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM TIle ko khodakara nikAlI gaI haiN| khodakara nikAlI gaI jaina pantha kI patthara kI mUrtiyoM meM se kucha mUrtiyA~ utkRSTatA pUrvaka utkIrNita kI gaI haiN| pattharoM se nirmita maMdira gucchoM meM khar3e hue ucca starIya sabhyatA kA saMketa kara rahe hai yA ve ucca starIya sabhyatA ke pratIka haiN| paramparA pUrNa dAve ke sAtha kahatI hai ki jisa prakAra pratyeka sarAka parivAra kA eka tAlAba hotA thA usI prakAra unake apane- apane maMdira bhI hote the / vastiyoM ke sthAnoM ke samIpa meM koI samAdhisthala yA kabrAgAha nahIM hone se zaMkA hotI hai ki kyA sarAka loga murde ko jalAte the ? isakA nizcita samAdhAna karanA saMbhava nahIM hai, kayoM ki isa saMbaMdha meM paramparA se kucha bhI 60

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jAnakArI nahIM hotI hai / sazakta pramANoM ke abhAva meM hama yaha mAnane ke lie vivaza haiM ki mRta vyakti ke zarIra ko jalAyA karate the| vartamAna meM bhI jaina murde ko jalAte haiM / 1 esa. ena. rAjaguru apanI kRti insakripsanasa oNpha ur3IsA (bhAga 6) meM likhate haiM ki bAmanadhATI kI pleTa se jJAta hotA hai ki sarAkoM ko grAmoM ko dene kA aMkana surakSita hai| khijjaga ke uttarAkhaNDa ke deva kuMDa aura korApinDiyA grAmoM meM rahane vAle sarAkoM ko jo kapar3e bunane kA kAma karane se buna kara kahalAte the, TimaMdira, nanakola, jambapoDakA aura vasanta grAma dAna meM diye gaye the / bhadraka jile ke carampA nAmaka grAma meM eka baTa vRkSa kI khoha meM aneka jaina mUrtiyA~ prApta huIM jo ur3IsA rAjya saMgrahAlaya meM lAI gaI haiN| vahA~ kI mUrtiyoM ke sarvekSaNa ke krama meM maine bhI eka bahuta gaharI pokharI dekhI, jo pAnI se bharI huI thii| usake pUrvI kinAre para baTa vRkSa ke nIce eka mUrti pArzvanAtha kI prApta huI, jo khaNDagAsana meM thI / una kI pUjA meM sammilita ho kara ve sahayoga dete the / DheMkanAla jile ke sadara saba-DibIjana meM bahuta bar3I mAtrA meM sarAkoM kI vastiyA~ pAI gaI haiN| kandha pATanA, rAjuA pATanA, ayukhumA pATanA, sarAka pATanA, nuAgA~va pATanA, campA pATanA, jenAsAha pATanA Adi grAmoM ko sarAkoM ne basAyA thA / una meM se kucha grAmoM meM sarAka kapar3e bunA karate the / una meM se jo atyadhika sampanna haiM ve vibhinna prakAra kA vyApAra karate the| Aja bhI yahI sthitI hai| kaTaka jile ke AThagar3ha bAMkI, barambA aura tigiriyA kSetroM ke arakhA pATana, ragar3I, nuA pATanA, jarI pATanA aura mAniAbandha ke gA~voM meM rahane vAle ina sarAkoM kA vyavasAya bunAI karanA hai| una meM se kucha pUrva meM sthAnIya upayogI vastu zilpa dastakArI karane meM Asakta rahate the| kucha kRSi karate the| ina gA~voM ke sabhI sarAka anyatra rahane vAle sarAka bandhuoM kI Adato aura rIti rivAjoM kA karmaNtatA pUrvaka anukaraNa karate the| una ke dhArmika saMbaMdha jainadharma ke sAtha the / tigiriyA kSetra ke hATamAla gAMva se tIrthaMkara kI eka mUrti prApta huI thii| jo narasiMhapura kSetra ke rUpanAtha maMdira meM tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAyeM dekhI jA sakatI haiN| bhUtakAla meM tIrthaMkaroM kI do pratimAyeM bhI prApta huI thI jo 61

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barambA meM surakSita rakhI huIM hai| bAMkI kSetra ke vaidezvara gA~va meM pArzvanAtha kI eka mUrti prApta huI hai| jo bagala vAle choTe maMdira meM surakSita rakhI huI haiN| nuApATaNA grAma meM sarAkoM kI bastI meM bauddha aura navIna buddhoM ke maMdiroM kA una kelie nirmANa karAyA gayA hai, lekina ve loga kabhI bhI bauddha dharma mahotsava meM narasiMhapura ke bAnezvarInAsI meM bhI sammilita nahIM hue haiN| isa ke viparIta yathA samaya khaNDagiri udayagiri kI dhArmika yAtrAyeM avazya karate haiM / sarAkoM kI koI upa-jAtiyA~ nahIM hotI haiN| ve apanI beTI kA vivAha zizu avasthA meM kara dete haiN| unake yahA~ vidhavA vivAha nahIM hote haiN| talAka ko bhI ve mAnyatA nahIM dete haiN| yadi kisI ko yaha AzA ho jAya ki usakI pahalI patnI se beTA nahIM hogA to use bahu vivAha kI anumatI hai arthAt vaha dUsarA vivAha kara sakatA hai| sarAkoM meM vivAha mahotsava ucca starIya hote hai| eca. eca risale Thribes and castes of Bangal (Page-236-237) meM likhate hai ki sarAkoM kI yaha paramparA surakSita hai ki una ke pUrvaja jaina the| lekina aisA pratIta hotA hai ki unhoM ne pUrNa rUpa se hindU dharma svIkAra kara liyA hai| ve brAhmaNoM ke sahayoga se hindU devI-devatAoM kI pUjA karate haiN| phira bhI jaina dharma ke tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ko apanA mukhya devatA mAnate haiN| ve zyAmacandra, rAdhAmohana aura jagannAtha kI bhI pUjate haiN| aisA karane para una logoM para sAmAjika rUpa se jurmAnA nahIM lagA sakatA hai| jaina mandiroM meM brAhmaNa hI pUjA kA kArya karate haiN| Ara.pI. mahApAtra ne jaina monumeMTasa ina ur3IsA (pR.43) meM likhA hai ki sAmAjika pratiSThA kI dRSTi se sarAka ucca starIya hote haiM / brAhmaNa una ke hAtha se pAnI aura roTi Adi pake hue vibhinna prakAra kA AhAra rUpa padArtha le sakate haiN| sarAka kisI bhI paristhiti meM kisI bhI jAnavAra kA mAMsa nahIM khAte haiM / mAMsa khAne se apane ko bacAye hue haiN| unakA bhojana pUrNa rUpa se zAkAhArI hotA hai| sarAkoM meM yaha paramparAgata prAthA hai ki yadi koI una ke bhojana banAte samaya kATane zabda kA prayoga kara de to ve ise mahAna anarthakArI samajhate haiN| bhojana banAne vAlI mahilA usa zabda ko suna kara samasta pakAI jAne vAlI cIjeM bAhara pheka detI haiN| ve aisI 62

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paristhiti meM brAhmaNoM ke dvArA chor3e gaye bhojana karate haiN| rAjapUta, vaidya aura kAyasthoM ke yahA~ pAnI pIte hai, yA miThAI lete haiN| pUjya upAdhyAya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kA dhyAna sarAkoM ke uddhAra karane kI ora hai| ata: unakI preraNA se aba jainiyoM ne sarAka bhAiyoM kI Arthiki sahAyatA karanA prArambha kara diyA hai| unake maMdiroM kI marammata tathA nayA maMdiroM kA nirmANa karavA rahe haiN| una ke baccoM ke uccAdhyana kI vyavasthA bhI kara rahe haiN| 63

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udayagiri kI gumphAoM kA zilpa-saundarya vartamAna ur3IsA meM sthita udayagiri kI guphAyeM madhyapradeza kI udayagiri kI guphAoM se minna haiM / khurdA jilA meM sthita udayagiri ur3IsA kI rAjadhAnI bhuvanezvara zahara se lagabhaga 5 kilomITara dUra uttara kI aura sthita hai| udayagiri ko kumArI parvata ke nAma se bhI jAnAjAtA hai| yaha lagabhaga 110 phITa u~cI hai| I.pU. dUsarI zatAbdI meM hue samrATa khAravela ke zAsana kAla meM ina guphAoM kA nirmANa jaina zramaNoM ke lie kiyA gayA thaa| ukta pahADI para vidyamAna guphAoM meM se adhikAMza guphAoM kA nirmANa svayaM samrATa khAravela ne karAyA thaa| udayagiri kI guphAoM kI saMkhyA ke saMbaMdha meM vibhinna mata haiN| jaoNna mArzala ne inakI saMkhyA 35 sUcita kI hai| jaba ki manamohana gAMgulI ne yahA~ 26 guphAoM ke hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa samaya yahA~ 18 guphAyeM vidyamAna haiN| isase pratIta hotA hai ki prakRti aura manuSyoM kI krUratA ke kAraNa katipaya guphAyeM naSTa ho gaI haiN| yahA~ dhAtavya hai ki uDIsA bhASA meM guphA ko gumphA kahA jAtA hai| nimnalikhita guphAoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| 1. rAnI gumphA 2. bAjA gumphA, 3. choTA hAthI gumphA, 4. alakApurI gumphA, 5. jayavijaya gumphA, 6. paNasa gumphA, 7. ThAkurANI gumphA, 8. pAtAlapurI gumphA, 9. maMcapurI gumphA, 10. gaNeza gumphA, 11. jagbezvara gumphA, 12. vyAghra gumphA, 13. sarpa gumphA, 14. hAthI gumphA, 15. dhAnaghara gumphA, 16. haridAsa gumphA, 17. jagannAtha gumphA, 18. rasoI gumphaa| ina guphAoM ke nAma sthAnIya nivAsiyoM ne bAda meM diye haiN| 1. rAnI gumphA : udayagiri kumArI parvata para nirmita yaha pahalI gumphA hai| isako rAnI-nUra gumphA ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| sambhavataH yaha vahI guphA hai| jisakA ullekha hAthI gumphA zilAlekha meM kiyA gayA hai| ukta zilAlekha kI 15vIM paMkti meM kahA gayA hai ki isa rAnI gumphA kA nirmANa siMhapatha rAnI kI icchAnusAra huA thaa| isake 64

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nirmANa hetu yojanoM dUrI se patthara lAye gaye the| I.pU. dUsarI zatAbdI meM samrATa khAravela dvArA banavAI gaI isa gumphA ke nirmANa meM tatkAlIna pAMca lAkha mudrAyeM kharca huI thiiN| isa do maMjilA imArata kA nirmANa arhatoM, pUjya zramaNoM, yatiyoM, tapasviyoM Adi ke ArAma lie kiyA gayA thaa| ukta zilAlekha se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki pATala raMga vAle isake pharza tathA stambhoM meM vaiDUrya maNi jar3e hue hone se suzobhita the| vartamAna meM stambha to bahuta sundara haiM, lekina unameM vaiDUrya maNi dRSTi gocara nahIM hote haiN| gerUA raMga se raMgI huI isa guphA kI imArata eka bahuta sundara mahala, maTha yA vihAra kI taraha pratIta hotI hai jo nimnAkiMta citra se spaSTa hai / THE THR IPTE bhAratamA TOT ukta sundara aura darzanIya do maMjilA bhavana tIna dizAoM se ghirA huA hai| kevala dakSiNa-pUrva kI ora se khulA huA hai| isake sAmane bahuta sundara prAMgaNa hai| isa prAMgaNa ke sAmane Aja kala bahuta sundara laghu udyAna bhI banA diyA gayA hai| jisakI harI makhamalI ghAsa aura raMga-viraMge chabIle phUla ukta bhavana kI chavi ko aura bhI duguNita kara rahe haiN| isa guphA ko dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki isakA nirmANa kudaratI caTTAna se huA hai| caTTAna ko cikanA aura barAbara kara khule bhAga kI aura tirachA banAyA gayA hai / pracura mUrti kalA, citrita latAoM, vizAla aura suvidhA janaka pArzvaka, aneka laghu koThiyoM aura sAmane sthita vizAla prAMgaNa ke kAraNa yaha guphA apanI samakAlIna 65

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guphAoM kI apekSA apane Apa meM anokhI aura advitIya pratIta hotI hai| tUphAnI, havAoM, AMdhiyoM aura karkaza mausama ke kAraNa nIce tallA ke barAmadA ke girajAne se mUrtiyoM ke mukhoM kI prAcIna bhavyatA naSTa ho gaI hai| sarva prathama nicalI maMjila kI kalA prastuta kI jAtI hai| 1. nicalI maMjila: rAnI gumphA kI nicalI maMjila tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai|1 dAhinA bhAga, 2 bAyA~ bhAga aura 3. mukhya bhaag| ina tInoM bhAgoM meM upalabdha saundarya kA kramaza: barNana karanA atyAvazyaka hai| (ka) nicalI maMjila kA dAhinA bhAga : yaha bhAga bahuta bar3A hai| isa aura tIna praveza dvAroM sahita eka bahuta vizAla prakoSTha hai| isake sAmane ke khambhoM para AdhArita eka barAmadA hai| sAmane kI ora beMca hai| kamare kI chata samatala hai| pharza pIche se uThA huA DhAludAra hai, jo takiye kA kArya karatA hai| pravezadvAra moTe ghanAkAra khambhoM se yukta hai| daravAjoM ke praveza mArgoM kA AkAra aisA hai ki manuSya dhIre se jhukate hue reMga kara andara jAne ko vivaza ho jAtA hai| ardha stambhoM ke zIrSa bhAga bailoM aura paMkha yukta zeroM se saje hue haiN| vakrAkAra toraNa (karNapaTTa) ke atirikta bhAga sajAvaTa rahita hai| daravAje ke praveza mArga ke upara ke toraNa saje hue haiN| bAyeM daravAje ke mArga ke toraNa paTToM para Ama jaise phala aura paudhe utkIrNita kiye gaye haiN| nIce sthita do jAnavaroM ke murava se nikalI huIM latAyeM ukta paudhoM para lipaTI huIM dRSTi gocara hotI haiN| isa toraNa ke zIrSabhAga ke Upara nandipAda bhI suzobhita hotA hai| kendrIya daravAje ke praveza mArga ke dhanuSAkAra toraNapaTTa ke Upara mAdhavI latAyeM khile hue kamalo aura sira uThAyeM sthita do hAthiyoM ke mukha se nikalate hue pUrNa khile hue kamala utkIrNita haiN| - isa toraNa ke saba se UparI bhAga para zrIvatsa bhI utkIrNita hai| dAhine daravAje ke praveza mArga ke UparI bhAga adhakhile kamaloM unake tanoM aura nAndipAda utkIrNita kara sajAye gaye haiN|

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DhAI hAtha lambAkAra meM vibhinna prakAra ke upAsaka manuSyoM ke katArabaddha anukrama se citra utkIrNita kiyegaye haiM / bAIM ora se prathama dRzya meM hAtha jor3e hue strI purUSa kA eka jor3A hai| eka jor3A vahIM para eka peDa ke nIce khar3A hai| strI ke bAyeM hAtha ke bagala meM eka baunA sthita hai aura dAhine hAtha meM eka peTI hai| dUsare dRzya meM eka puruSa aura hAtha joDe hue mahilAoM kA citrita kiyA gayA hai| dAhinI ora dUsare dRzya meM eka puruSa aura do mahilAoM ko hAtha jor3e hue tathA eka beMca para baiThA huA dikhAyA gAyA hai| dAhinI ora sthita mahilA eka thAlI lie hue hai| bAIM ora dUsarI mahilA kalasa lie hue hai| tIsare upakhaNDa dRzya meM alaMkRta khambhoM para AdhArita maMDapa ke nIce eka strI kA nAcate hue aura cAra sAthiyoM ko mRdaMga, nagAr3e, bAMsurI aura vINA jaise vAdyoM kA bajA kara mano vinoda karate hue dikhalAyA gayA hai / cothe dRzya meM eka mahilA ko hAtha meM thAlI lie Age-Age jAte hue aura hAtha joDe hue teja gati se usakA pIchA karate hue puruSa aura thAlI tathA ghar3A le jAte hue eka dUsarI mahilA pradarzita kI gaI hai| aMtima dRzya meM eka bAlaka hai| bAramadA kI dIvAla ke sImAvartI khambhoM para donoM ora eka-eka caukIdAra khaDe hue haiN| unake zira khaMDita haiN| bAramadA sahita prakoSTha ke khambhoM kA caukhuMTA nicalA bhAga uThA huA hai / barAmadA ko khambhoM kI katAra sahArA diye hue haiN| khambhoM ke tala bhAga meM utkIrNita jAnavaroM ke cinha avaziSTha dikhalAI paDate haiM / khambhoM ke uparI bhAga para jAnavara utkIrNita haiN| pratyeka khambhe ke madhya bhAga meM jAnavara haiN| bAIM ora baila / dAhinI ora zera utkIrNita kiye gaye haiN| sAmane kI ora pRSTha bhAga se pRSTha bhAga milAyeM hue do zera baiThe hue aura eka dUsare kI ora mu~ha kiye pairoM para khaDe hue do zera utkIrNita kiye gaye haiN| bagala ke ghanAkAra (kUTa) stambhoM ke madhya bhAga meM tIna jAnavAra utkIrNita kiye gaye haiN| una meM se bAIM ora ghor3e aura dAhanI ora hAthI haiM / avaziSTha kArabelTa ke toraNa ke UparI bhAga para ghaMTI ke AkAra ke kamala ubhare hue haiN| barAmadA ke donoM ora sa~karA sthAna arthAt AlA yA tAka vidyamAna haiN| jamIna para AdhArita kUTastambhoM ko AdhAra, kendrIya AkhirI, vargakAra aura mAdhyamika ina pAMca bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| 67

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nicalI maMjila kA bAMyAMbhAga : . bhItara kI ora mur3ane para tirachAkAra isa gumphA kA vistRta bAyAM bhAga avasthita hai| isa bhAga meM eka lambA barAmadA hai| jo navIna khambhoM ke sahAre sthita hai| isa barAmadA meM tIna ora se beMce hai| barAmadA kI chata kucha jIrNa-zIrNa hai| pharsa uThA huA aura samatala hai| vargAkAra khambhoM kA caukhuTA nicalA bhAga majabUta hai| barAmade ke bAhara nirbhIkatA pUrvaka donoM ora bAhara khaDe hue caukIdAra isa bhAga kI rakSA karate hue se pratIta hote haiM mAno ve dAhine bhAga meM sAmane khaDe caukIdAroM ke pratidvandvI hoN| ukta tIna beMcoM se yukta barAmadA ke tIna ora tIna koThiyA haiN| ghanAkAra khambhoM para AdhArita barAmadA kI chAta gira gaI hai, lekina pharza ke cinhoM aura bagala ke kUTastambhoM se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki dAhinI bhAga meM jo upalabdha hai usake ve pratirUpa the| zera aura vRSabha kI AkRtiyoM ke cinha, barAmade kI chata ke nikaTa ke sthambhoM ke madhya bhAga meM dRSTi gocara hote haiN| barAmadA kI chata ko saMbhAlane ke lie Adhunika rAjagiriyo ( zilpakAroM) dvArA nirmita cAra khambhe lagAye gaye haiN| Thosa caTTAna ko kATakara banAye gaye daravAjoM kA bAjU kA sirA zIrSa bhAga para stambhoM se jur3A hai| tInoM kamaroM ke pharza aura chateM dAhinI bhAga ke kamaroM ke samAna haiN| bAyIM ora kI koThI lambI hai| isa meM eka khiDakI bhI hai aura tIna khule daravAje haiN| barAmade ke pIche vAle kamare meM tIna pravezadvAra haiN| pUrva kI ora isI prakAra kA prakoSTha hai| usameM sugamatA se praveza karane hetu eka daravAjA hai, jo thor3A banda haiN| barAmadA ke bAhara donoM ora caukIdArI karate hue caukIdAroM ko toDa-phoDakara unheM virupita karadiyA gayA haiN| unakI kamara meM talavAra laTakatI huI dRSTi gocara hotI haiN| jisa kone para dAyeM aura bAyeM bhAga mukhya bhAga se milate haiM usa kone para do choTI choTI koThiyAM vidyamAna haiN| dAhane bhAga meM saMlagna prakoSTha meM do praveza dvAra haiN| eka pUrva kI ora aura dUsarA dakSiNa kI ora khulA huA hai| prAMgaNa ke samatala hone se donoM kA pAnI bahatA rahatA hai| bAMI bhAga kI ora se saTA prakoSTa kA pUrva mukhI eka daravAjA hai| ina prakoSThoM ke bAharI mukha pahAr3I, jharano, vRkSoM, hAthI, zera,

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lomar3I Adi jaMgalI jAnavara hilatI huI jhopar3I Adi Azraya rUpa sthAna, pakSI, bandara aura hAthiyoM se yukta kamala vanoM se sajA huA hai| khambhoM ke bagala meM sthita daravAje maidAna meM sthira ghanAkAra stambhoM ke ghaTa ke tala bhAga para sthira haiN| paMkha yukta jaMgalI jAnavara vanaspati, puSpIya tathA suruci pUrNa toraNoM para uchalate hue dikhalAye gaye haiN| nIce kA mukhya bhAga : rAnI gumphA ke nIce tala ke mukhya bhAga ke cAra prakoSTha bane hue haiN| tIna kamare beMca barAmadA ke pIche aura eka dAhinI ora hai| kamare ke sAmane kA barAmadA pahale hI vidhvaMsa ho gayA hai| isameM maulika stambha the barAmadA ke ghanAkAra (stambha) nIce vargAkAra aura nakkAsI se yukta haiN| inake UparI bhAga aSTa koNIya haiN| ye ghanAkAra stambhoM para sthira haiN| barAmadA ke dAhinI ora tAka dRSTi gocara hotA hai| barAmadA pahale hI naSTa ho gayA hai| khule prAMgaNa se praveza kara kamare meM pahu~cA jA sakatA hai| bagala ke pratyeka kamaroM meM do-do praveza dvAra haiN| madhya ke kamare meM tIna praveza dvAra haiN| barAmadA ke dAhine vAle kamare meM eka khulA daravAjA hai| ina meM se pratyeka kamare kI chata samatala hai| aura pharza pIche kI dIvAla ke sannikaTa se uThA huA hai| ina kamaroM ke praveza dvAra, toraNa aura kUDya stambhoM se susajjita haiN| inake samIpa ke brekeToM para aneka AkRtiyA~ nirmita haiN| use ve reliMga saMbhAle hue haiM jinase praveza dvAra ke toraNa juDe hue haiN| daravAjoM ke kUDya stambha nIce aura Upara vargAkAra haiM kintu madhya meM aSTa koNIya haiN| unake caurasa meharAna para kSata vikSata jAnavAra ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| isake alAvA inake toraNoM aura stambhoM para koI kalAkArI dRSTi gocara nahIM hotI hai| dvAra mArga ke upara ke toraNa AlaMkArika DijAyanoM se alaMkRta haiM lekina karNapaTTa bilakula sapATa hai arthAta kalAkRti nahIM hai| prAkRtika kAraNoM se dhanuSAkAra toraNa, reliMga brekeToM para banI AkRtiyA~ utkIrNita jAnavara Adi vilupta ho gaye haiN| rAnI gumphA ke mukhya bhavana ke nIce ke bhAga ke sAmane kI bAyIM ora ke upakhaNDa ke prArambha meM eka citrita vRkSa ke samIpa do maMjilA kI saMracanA huI hai jisake 69

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UparI bhAga meM DholAkAra toraNa aura chata utkIrNita hai| dvitIya upakhaMDa lagabhaga pUrNarUpa se prabhAvita hai| usameM utkIrNita eka jAnavara, savAra aura talavAra ke sAtha AkRtiyoM kI rUpa-rekhA ko bahuta kaThinAi se samajhA jA sakatA haiN| tIsare upakhaNDa meM strI ke vakSasthala, aura aneka AkRtiyoM siroM ko jAnA jA sakatA hai| kucha sevakoM sahita jAnavara para savArI kiye hue aura chatra dhAraNa kiye hue eka aura AkRti dRSTi gocara hotI hai| ukta sevako meM se eka sevaka lAThI para kisI vastu ko laTakAye hue hai aura ghur3asavAra usake sAmane khaDA hai| cauthe dazya meM eka AdamI ko talavAra lie hue aura do ko eka hAthI para caDhate hue dikhalAyA gayA hai| pAMcaveM upakhaMDa meM sAta AkRtiyA~ citrita kI gaIM haiN| una meM se eka rAjakIya dRzya hai| usa meM rAjA ko unake do anucaroM sahita dikhalAyA gayA haiN| eka anucara chatra pakaDe hue hai aura dUsarA vAyeM hAtha meM talavAra lie hue hai| dAhinI ora utkIrNita cAra citroM meM se do vyakti hAtha joDe hue usa (rAjA) ke samakSa jhuke hue haiN| madhya meM eka vyakti apane vAyeM hAtha ko laTakAye hue aura dAhine hAtha ko apane vakSasthala para rakhe hue hai| chaThe dRzya meM eka vyakti madhya meM sthita dUsare para chatra lagAye hue hai| sAtaveM upakhaMDa meM pAMca AkRtiyA~ citrita haiM, una meM se eka hAtha joDe khar3A hai aura zeSa cAra talavAra pakar3e hue haiN|" FISISHSE kAlIja kisami me TRAN AACARE PORA NAR TERREE : va B SAMANNAR M M inol A ENTRE / area magadha nareza vRhaspati mItra kA rAjA khAravela kA samakSa AtmasamarpaNa 70

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jA AThaveM dRzya meM aMtima chora para eka rAjakIya dRzya pratIta hotA hai| rAjA ke sAtha usake do anucara bhI haiN| una meM se eka anucara chAtA pakar3e hue hai jaura dUsarA hAtha jor3e khar3A hai| kucha dUrI para do mahilAyeM khar3I huI haiN| ve bheMTa svarUpa argha liye hue haiN| eka mahilA ke sira para thAlI rakhe hue aura dUsarI phUla lie hue hai| ghuTanA jhukAye hue do AkRtiyA~ citrita kI gaI haiN| una meM se eka ke sira ke cAroM ora taMtubaMdha TukaDA ghUmatA rahatA hai| Age dRzya samUha ke prArambha meM eka vyakti dUsare ke caraNoM ko pakar3e hue hai| usake mastaka para rAjakIya sUcaka pagar3I Adi nahIM hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki apane pairoM kI pUjA karAne vAle ne samarpaNa svIkAra karaliyA hai| yaha dRzya magadha nareza kA samrATa khAravela ke samakSa Atma samarpaNa karane kA pratIka hai| aMntima upakhaNDa meM vijaya yAtrA se vApisa Ase hue rAjA khAravela ke svAgata karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai| saubhAgyavatI mahilAyeM kalasa lekara katAra meM khar3I huI haiN| kramaza: una ke caraNa prakSAlitakara unakA abhinandana kara rahI haiN| ___ khAravela ke caraNa prakSAlita karatI huIM aura maMgala kalasa liye hue saubhAgyavatI mahilAe~ UparI maMjila : rAnI gumphA kI UparI maMjila nicalI maMjila ke ThIka Upara na ho kara isake kucha pIche sthita hai| nicalI maMjila ke kamaroM kI chata, UparI 71

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maMjila ke sAmane khulI chata yAve dikA sI banI huI pratIta hotI hai| barAmadA kI chata ko nau moTe tathA zaktizAlI khambhe saMbhAle hue haiN| ina meM sAta stambha bilkula navIna hai / do kI madhya kAla meM marammada kI gaI hai| una stambhoM ke avazeSoM se spaSTa hai ki maulika stambha braikeDsoM ke sAtha eka hI bAra lagAye gaye the| barAmadA kI pUrI lambAI ke barAbara lagAtAra lambI beMca barAmadA kI pIche kI dIvAla ke bagala se banI huI hai| barAmadA kI chata sAmane se samatala hai| barAmadA kI chata se cUnevAle pAnI ko nikAlate ke lie sajIva caTTAna ko kATa kara khAMco sahita gaharI nAlI banAI gaI hai| isa maMjila ke pramukha bhAga meM cAra koThe bane hue haiN| inake dvAra mArga kI caukhaTa ke rUpa meM bagala meM stambha lage hue haiN| inake madhyavartI bhAga meM paMkha yukta jAnavaroM ko utkIrNita kiyA gayA hai| ardha stambhoM ke zIrSa se hote banA huA toraNa vibhinna prakAra kI vanaspatIya aura puSpIya cinhoM mAdhavI latAoM madhumAlatI latAoM, veloM, aura baccoM dvArA bhagAye gaye jAnavaroM se surucipUrNa aura manamohaka hai| ina toraNoM ke zIrSa bhAga para zrIvatsa, nandipAda, sarpa aura kamala nirmita kiye gaye haiN| toraNa ke bIca ke sthAna vibhinna dRzyoM ke utkIrNita bahuta sundara pratIta hote haiN| una meM se kucha dRzya jo bAyIM ora se bane hue acchI avasthA meM saMrakSita haiN| unakA saMkSepa meM vivaraNa prastuta kiyA jA rahA haiN| CERIES MARATI SHARE kA hAtha meM pUjA kI sAmagrI lekara dair3ate hue gandharva 72

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citrAvalI kA prArambha eka ur3ate hue deva ko utkIrNita kiyA gayA hai| yaha eka sAdharaNa dhotI pahane hue hai| pIche se donoM hAthoM ke madhya meM se uttarIya dhAraNa kiye hue hai| usake donoM chora donoM ora se nIce laTaka rahe haiN| usa ke eka hAtha meM phUla, golamAlA Adi se yukta eka thAlI tastarI hai| dusare hAtha meM kucha khile hue kamala ke phUla hai| pahale aura dUsare praveza dvAra ke madhya meM dUsarA upakhaNDa citrita hai / isa meM tIna hAthiyoM ke jhuNDa ke sAtha eka puruSa aura dasa striyoM ko bhIr3a sahita dvandva yuddha karate hue pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| puruSa rAjakIya alaMkAra pahine hue hai| usake pAsa eka yuvatI alaMkAra pahine hue hai| hAtha ke alaMkAra se hAthI para prahAra kara rahI hai| usa yuvatI ko eka mahilA ke dvArA khIcate hue dikhAyA gayA hai| Akramaka hAthI se yuddha karatI huI rAjakumArI TESPRITE tIsare dRzya meM eka purUSa ko eka yuvatI ke pairoM para sira rakhe hue dikhAyA gayA hai| yuvatI usake kaMdhe para hAtha rakhe hue hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki vaha purUSa yuvatI kA pitA hai jo gaja-yuddha meM ghAyala ho gayA hai| Age ke citra meM eka yuvatI aura puruSa ko khar3A huA citrita kiyA gayA hai| hathiyAra aura DhAla se yukta yuvatI kA eka purUSa ke sAtha yuddha dikhalAyA gayA hai| Age puruSa ko yuvatI ko goda meM lekara bhAgate hue dikhAyA gayA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki yuddha meM yuvatI hAra gaI hai aura usakA cahetA usa kA apaharaNa kara liye jA rahA hai| ki 73

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cauthe upadRzya meM kisI rAjA dvArA zikAra karane kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| hathiyAroM se yukta sainika khaDe haiN| pAsa meM eka anucara eka rAjakIya ghoDe kI lagAma pakar3e hue khar3A hai| usake Age eka rAjA sammavataH rAjA khAravela tIra aura dhanuSa lie khar3e haiN| Age rAjA kandhe para dhanuSa rakhe hue haiM abhaya mudrA meM dikhalAI par3a rahe hai| usake Age do tIna bhAgate hue hirana aura eka peDa kI DAla para baiThI huI vastra vihIna yuvatI hai| vaha yuvatI rAjA kI ora hAtha uThaye hue rakSA karane kI yAcanA karatI huI pratIta hotI hai| siMhapatha rAjA kI kumArI khAravela se rakSA kI yAcanA karatI huI ukta dRzyAvalI se.pratIta hotA hai ki siMhapatha rajA kI kumArI hI rAjA khAravela ko milI huI hogI, jise rAjA ne choTI rAnI ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| isI ko hAthI gumphA zilAlekha kI prandrahavIM paMkti meM siMhapatharAnI kahA gayA hai| siMhapatha Aja ke Andhrapadeza (zrIkAkulama jila meM sthita ) kA siMgapura honA caahie| Age ke dazyoM kI AkRtiyA~ naSTa-bhraSTa ho gaI haiN| kucha mahilAoM ke madhya meM ukta yuvatI zusajjita ho kara baiThI huI haiN| nRtya aura saMgIta kA Ayojana kiyA gayA hai| pati-patni kA yugala vaiTha kara ukta saMgIta kA Ananda le rahA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki rAjA khAravela ne choTI siMhapatha rAnI ke svAgata meM ukta Ayojana kiyA hai| chaThe aura sAtaveM upakhaNDa kI citrAvalI pUrNa rUpa se naSTa ho gaI hai| sAtaveM dRzya atyadhika vikRta hai| isameM puruSa aura mahilA (rAjA aura siMhapatha rAnI) ke praNaya saMbaMdhI citroM ko do-tIna bAra citrita kiyA gayA hai / 74

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AThaveM upakhaMDa burI taraha se kSata-vikSata hai jisa meM eka hAthI kI AkRti dAhinI aura vAIM ora do puruSa aspaSTa rUpa se pratIta hote haiN| navaveM dRzya meM ur3ate hue vidyAdhara ko puna: dikhalAyA gayA hai| prakoSThoM ke sAmane ke laMbe barAmade kI caukIdArI jAnavaroM kI pITha para baiTha kara manuSya kara rahe haiN| dAhinA UparI bhAga : dAhinI aura eka patalA (saMkarA ) barAmadA hai| aura eka koThI hai jisameM khule hue do praveza dvAra hai / isa meM kisI prakAra kI sajAvaTa nahIM hai aura na bagala meM koI stambha hai| barAmadA ke tIna ora se beMca banI huI hai| ghanAkAra aura Adhunika kArIgirI se nirmita eka stambha barAmade kI chata ko saMmAle hue hai| khambhe ke brekeTa para eka mahilA AkRti utkIrNita hai| barAmadA ke bAhara aura barAmade pArzvavartI stambha ke viparIta bhAga meM do dvArapAla khar3e hue haiN| unakI kamara para talavAra laTakI huI hai| bAyIM ora ke dvArapAla kI toMda nikalI huI hai| vaha dhotI evaM bhArI pagaDI dhAraNa kiye hue hai| inako khoda kharoMca kara vikRta kara diyA gayA hai| bAhara eka kone meM eka zera para eka vyakti hAthiyAra lie baiThA huA hai| isa bhAga ke kamare kI chata samatala aura pharza pIche se uThA huA hai| bAMI ora kA bhAga : bAI ora eka koThI hai usake andara bhI eka kamarA hai| pahalA kamarA eka praveza dvAra se yukta hai jo khulA huA hai| pharza anudAra hai| patalA varAmadA hai| jisa tIna ora beMca banI huI hai / andara ke kamare meM banI hui khir3akI se bAhara vAle kamare se prakAza AtA hai| koThI bAhara ke eka jAnavara bhI utkrIrNita hai / usa para eka sabAra baiThA huA hai / 2. bAjA gumphA isa guMphA meM dAhinI aura bAIM ora do svataMtra kamare haiN| inake sAmane samatala chata vAlA bArAmadA hai| bAyeM ora ke kamare ke sAmane kI dIvAla kSatigrasta hai / ise kUDya stambha sahArA diye hue hai| kamare meM do praveza dvAra haiN| chata darArI hai aura pharza 75

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dUTA huA hai| khambhe para pakSiyoM ke sira vAle jAnavaroM kA jor3A utkIrNita hai| yaha joDA eka dUsare se pichale bhAga ko saTA kara arthAt viparIta dizA meM mukha kiye hue khaDe haiN| khambhe ke UparI bhAga para paMkhoM vAle jAnavaroM ke jor3e bhI vidyamAna haiN| ki mATI rAtamA dAhinI ora ke kamare kI dIvAla aura khambhe naSTa ho gaye haiN| aba yaha pArzvastha stambhoM ke sahAre surakSita hai| isakA pharza Adhunika hai| jo puna: banAyA gayA hai| isakI chata pahale ke kamare kI taraha darArI ho gaI haiM / yaha kamarA pahale kI apekSA choTA hai| isakA praveza dvAra khulA huA hai| isakA toraNa Adhunika kArIgaroM dvArA banAye gaye do stambhoM para AdhArita hai| isakA pharza aura chata kSatigrasta hai| isake nAmakaraNa kA kAraNa ajJAta hai| 3. choTA hAthI gumphA yA I.pU. dUsarI zatAbdI meM nirmita isa guMphA meM eka choTI koThI hai| isakI chata bahuta nIcI hai| pharza khudA hai| isakA daravAjA bhI choTA aura nIcA hai| isa meM bar3I kaThinAI se praveza kiyA jA sakatA hai| daravAje ke Upara sthita gola caTTAna prAkRtika rUpa se ise surakSita kiye hue hai| isake daravAje ke toraNa para chaha hAthI anukrama se utkIrNita haiN| dono ora tIna-tIna hAthI haiN| M For / mAna choTA hAthI guphA 1i prArambha meM hAthI kA baccA phira bar3e dAMto vAlA hAthI aMta meM hAthinI donoM pArzva meM kamaloM ko sUMr3ha meM liye hue jAte se pratIta hote hai| dAhinI ora eka caitya 76

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vRkSa hai, jisakI pUjA karane ke lie hAthI kA parivAra jAtA huA dikhalAI par3a rahA hai / yaha guMphA hAthI gumphA se choTI arthAt kama U~cAI vAlI hai aura choTe choTe hAthI bhI citrita haiN| isI kAraNa se isakA nAma choTA hAthI gumphA prasiddha huA hai| logoM ne hAthiyoM ko kSatigrasta kara diyA hai| koThI kI chata samatala aura pharza pIche se uThA huA hai / dhanuSAkAra toraNa, praveza mArga ke Upara ko do kuDya stambha saMbhAle hue haiN| ina stambhoM ke madhya bhAga paMkha yukta jAnavaroM se susajjita hai / vAMI ora grasta toraNa para khile hue kamala aura paudhe utkIrNita haiM / karNapaTa para eka samarpaNAtmaka abhilekha ke kucha zabda pratIta hote haiN| yathA sa lenaM (arthAt ... kI gumphA) isake prArambha ke aMza ko par3hanA duSkara hai| isakA gRha-mukha adhakhile golAkAra kamaloM se AkarSita hai| 4. alakApurI guphA : do maMjila bAlI isa guphA kA nirmANa I. pU. dUsarI zatAbdI meM huA thA / isa kI donoM majileM eka dUsare ke Upara nIce eka eka lambA kamarA hai / nicalI maMjila kA prakoSTha lambA hai| isa meM koI barAmadA nahIM hai| isa kamare ko krUratA pUrvaka khoda kara naSTa kara diyA gayA hai| yaha eka khadAna kI taraha pratIta hotA hai| isake sAmane kI dIvAla aura barAmadA bhagna ho gayA hai / yaha anAvRta sA dRSTi gocara hotA hai / barAmadA ke moTe khambo para kSatigrasta brekeTa aura paMkha yukta ghor3e dRSTi gocara hote haiN| kamare ke bAhara eka beMca banI huI hai jisake Upara sAmAna rakhane ke lie raika banA huA hai| uparI bhAga : hai / isa guphA kI UparI maMjila para sIDhiyoM ke dvArA gumphA pAMca ke sAmane se jAyA jA sakatA hai ? nIce ke kamare kI apekSA Upara kA kamarA lambA hai| isakI chata unnatodarAkAra kI hai| pharza aura chata kSatigrasta hai / usameM tIna praveza dvAra haiN| prathama do praveza dvAroM kI dIvAra TUTa gaI hai| isakA pharza maulika rUpa se pIche se uThA huA isake sAmane eka barAmadA hai| isake tIna ora beMca hai| barAmadA kA pharza aura stambhoM ke 77

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R A AND mer NE TAMIN adhikAMza ko navInI karaNa karadiyA gayA hai| barAmadA kI chata samatalAkAra hai| isake donoM ora raika bane hue haiN| jI UparI maMjila ke brekeToM para hAthI zera jaise jAnavara utkIrNita haiN| una meM kucha paMkha vAle aura kucha manuSyoM tathA pakSiyoM ke sira vAle haiN| barAmade ke pahale aura bAMyI ora ke praveza dvAra ke eka stambha ke UparI bhAga para eka puruSa ko bAMyeM hAtha meM eka yuvatI dabA kara le NOHARotigat yuvatI ko lekara bhAgane ke lie udyata Jan jAtehue dikhAyA gayA hai| usake sAmane eka bahuta sundara hAthI khaDA huA hai| vaha puruSa usakI sUMDha ko dAhine (citra) hAtha se sahalA rahA hai| hAthI bhI pUMcha guDayAye hue baiThane kI mudrA meM hai| vaha vyakti usapara vaiThakara usa yuvatI ke sAtha bhAganA cAhatA hai| usa praveza dvAra ke dAhine stambha ke brekeTa ke Upara eka siMha utkIrNita hai| jisake mukha meM usakA zikAra dabAhuA hai| caturdanti gajarAja kI sevA meM rata do hAthiniyA~ mAra dUsare praveza dvAra ke dUsare sthambha para andara ke dUsare brekeTa para do hAthiniyoM se ghirA huA bIca meM cAra dAMtoM vAlA eka sundara hAthI kI AkRti citrita hai| isa hAthI kI sUMr3ha meM kamAla kA phUla hai| isa prakAra kA hAthI bahuta kama dekhane ko milatA hai| aisA hAthI indra kA hotA hai| hAthI ke pArzvastha eka hathinI kI sUMr3ha meM caMvara aura dUsarI chatra lie hue usa rAja hasti kI sevA meM tatpara haiN| isI stambha ke bAMyIM ora viparIta dizA meM 78

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mu~ha kiye hue eka-dUsarI se pachAr3I ko saTAye hue paMkha yukta ghor3e haiN| dAhinI aura manuSyoM ke mukhAkAra ke paMkha yukta do jAnavara pichalA bhAga saTAye hue khar3e haiN| yahIM para totA pakar3e hue dAsiyA~ bhI haiN| khar3e (citra) hAthI ko vizAla sarpa lapeTe (bAMdhe) hue hai| yaha vicitra aura durlabha AkRti hai / ka tIsare praveza dvArA ke dAhinI aura ke stambha para eka peDa ke nIce eka sthUlAkAra isa guMphA kI dAMI ora eka choTI koThI hai jo barAmadA se saTI huI hai| isakA daravAjA aura chata nIcI hai| isa meM jhuka kara praveza kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa kA pharza pIche se uThA huA hai| isa meM eka praveza dvAra hai jo barAmadA kI aura khulatA hai| barAmadA meM eka ora beMca hai| barAmadA ke aMta meM samApta hone vAlI chata itanI nIcI hai ki varSA kA pAnI koThI ke andara bharajAtA hai| 5. jaya - vijaya gumphA I.pU. dUsarI zatAbdI meM nirmita jaya-vijaya gumphA ke nAmakaraNa kA kAraNa avagata nahIM hai| yaha gumphA alakApurI ke sannikaTa hai| isakA nirmANa bahuta U~cI caTTAna kI kagAra ko khodakara kiyA gayA hai| yaha do maMjilA gumphA hai| isake nIce ke tallA ke bhAga meM kamarA gaharA aura samatala hai| yaha kalA vihIna hai / vistRta praveza dvAra hai| isake aMdara kI chata U~cI hai| toraNa U~cA aura svaccha 79 isa guphA kI UparI maMjila meM do prakoSTa haiN| inakI chata samatala hai, aura pharza uThA huA hai| isakA daravAjA svataMtra hai, jo khulA huA hai| isakI chata aura pharsa TUTA viDI

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huA hai| ise ke barAmade kI chata samatala hai aura beMceM hai| ise Adhunika moTe stambha sahArA diye hue haiN| barAmade kI chata kA laTakatA huA UparI bhAga varSA ke pAnI ke andara Ane se rokatA hai| barAmadA kI dIvAloM ke pArzva para kapa Adi rakhane ke lie alamArI bhI banI huI hai| barAmadA ko donoM ora se do stambha ise saMbhAle hue haiN| pratyeka prakoSTha meM eka eka praveza dvAra hai| donoM kamaroM kI praveza dvAroM para dhanuSAkAra toraNa bane hue haiN| ina ke UparI bhAga kramAntara mAdhavI latA aura kamaloM se susajjita haiN| dUsarI ora makara ke mukha se nikalatI huI latAyeM dRSTi gocara hotI haiN| madhyavartI bhAga meM koI nakkAzI yA kalA nahIM hai| bAMI ora ke kamare ke donoM ora do vilaUA citrita haiN| barAmade ke bAhara do totA paharedAra khar3e hue haiM jo praveza dvAra kI rakSA kara rahe lie hue haiN| puruSa dhotI pahine hue hai| paira jUtA vihIna haiN| mahilA duSToM ne ise vikRta kara diyA hai| dAhine ora ke daravAje ke bagala meM mahilA dvArapAla hai| isake dAhine hAtha meM eka totA hai| mahilA paira mor3a kara khar3I huI bahuta sundara pratIta hotI hai| phUla yukta pattoM se isake keza saje hue haiN| isake thor3e Upara latAoM se lipaTI hue eka mahilA hai jo zAla maMjikA kahalAtI hai| -- donoM kamaroM ke daravAjoM ke madhyavartI bhAga ke Upara arthAt toraNa para eka pavitra aura pUjya caitya-vRkSa utkIrNita kiyA gayA hai| jaina dharma meM caitya-vRkSa kA vizeSa mahatva hai| yaha vRkSa cAro ora se eka ghere se ghirA huA hai| isake Upara chatra aura bagala meM patAkAyeM suzobhita ho rahI haiN| isake donoM ora strI aura puruSa kA eka-eka jor3A dRSTi gocara hotA hai| ye caitya-vRkSa kI pUjA karane ke lie Aye hue pratIta hote haiN| puruSa hAtha jor3e hue hai aura strI phUloM kI mAlA Adi pUjA kI sAmagrI 80

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Tai zAlabhaMjikA dvArapAlikA lie hue hai| ve namana kara rahe haiN| donoM daravAjoM ke donoM ora ur3ate hue gandharva pUjA kI sAmagrI aura kamala ke phUla lie hue utkIrNita kiye gaye haiN| jo aise pratIta hote haiM jaise ve caitya-vRkSa kI pUjA karane ke lie Aye haiM / caitya vRkSa pUjA kA dRzya ukta citrAkaMna se siddha hotA hai ki khAravela ke samaya meM caitya-vRkSoM kI bhI pUjA karane kA rivAja (prathA) thaa| isa guphA ke kamare burI taraha se kSatigrasta haiM / barAmadA kI chata vartamAna kAlIna ghanAkAra stambhoM para AdhArita hai| ya 81

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6. pannAsa gumphA ur3iyA bhASA meM kaTahala ko pannAsa kahate haiN| isa guMphA ke samIpa pahale pannAsa kA vRkSa rahA hogA, isalie isa guMphA ko pannAsa guphA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| yaha eka sAdhAraNa guphA hai| isameM eka sAdA aura lambA kamarA hai, jo do U~ce ghanAkAra stambhoM para AdhArita hai| yaha sAmane se khulI huI hai| chata khuradArI hai| pharza khudA huA hai, jo gaDDhA numA hai| usa meM tIna praveza dvAra haiN| yaha AkarSaNa vihIna hai| 7. ThAkurANI gumphA isa guphA meM do prakoSTha haiM, jo eka dUsare ke Upara-nIce hai| uparI prakoSTha kI apekSA nIce kA prakoSTha bar3A hai| isakI unnatodara chata bhI U~cI hai| barAmadA meM beMce banI huI haiN| barAmadA ko paramparA se bane stambha saMbhAle hue haiN| isa meM do praveza dvAra haiM Antarika brekreTa para paMkha yukta jAnavaroM ke jor3e vidyamAna haiN| ghanAkAra stambhoM ke sarvocca bhAga para makara, ghor3e aura tote kI sira tathA paMkha vAle jAnavara utkIrNita haiN| 1 Upara kA kamarA nIce ke kamare kI apekSA choTA hai| isakI chata bhI bahuta nIcI hai| pharza pIche se DhAludAra hai| kamare ke bAhara ghumAvadAra beMca aura eka choTA barAmadA hai, jo banda hai / kamarA daravAjA vihIna hai| isameM kisI bhI prakAra kI kalAkArIgirI nahIM hai| sira jhukA kara isa guMphA kI andara jAyA jA sakatA haiN| 8. pAtAlapurI gumphA pAtAlapurI gumphA meM pahale cAra prakoSTha rahe hoNge| pIche kI ora do kamare the lekina unakI vibhAjaka dIvAla ke gira jAne se aba yaha eka lambA prakoSTha bana gayA hai| isameM cAra praveza dvAra hai| isakI chata darArI huI hai| pharza khudA huA hai aura DhAludAra hai / prakoSTha kI chata dhanuSAkAra hai| isake pIche ke dIrgha prakoSTha ke sAmane eka barAmadA hai| isakI dAyeM aura bAMyeM ora eka-eka koThI hai| dono koThiyoM ke pharza aura chata jIrNa-zIrNa hai| barAmadA meM tIna praveza dvAra haiM / barAmadA kI chatako ghanAkAra stambha sahArA diye hue haiN| stambhoM ke ucca aura brekeToM para paMkhadAra jAnavara utkIrNita hai| 82

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manuSyoM ko zeroM se lar3ate hue aziSTa DhaMga se citrita kiyA gayA hai / aMdara ke brekeToM kI AkRtiyA~ naSTa ho gaI haiN| pIche ke dIrgha prakoSTha kA agrabhAga sAdhAraNa aura kalA vihIna hai| isake daravAjoM aura prArambha kI dIvAla kA punaH AdhunikIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai I 9. maMcapurI (svargapurI) gumphA pAtAlapurI gumphA se dAkSiNa pazcima kI ora jAne para maMcapurI guMphA ke darzana hote haiN| yaha gumphA rAnI gumphA kI DijAina kI tarjapara banI huI hai| yaha gumphA do maMjila vAlI hai / isakA UparI bhAga svargapurI aura apara bhAga maMcapurI gumphA ke nAma se prasiddha hai / maMcapurI gumphA kI pUrNa jAnakArI ke lie donoM maMjiloM kA pRthaka-pRthaka varNana karanA Avazyaka hai| isa gumphA kA nirmANa I. pU. kI pahalI dUsarI zatAbdI meM huA pratIta hotA hai, aisA vidvAnoM kA mata hai| yaha guphA eka caTTAna para banI huI haiN| maMcapurI (apara maMjila gumphA : nIce kI maMjila maMcapurI kahalAtI hai| isameM cAra kamare haiN| mukhya bhavana meM tIna kamare vidyamAna haiN| ye tInoM kamare zRMkhalA baddha haiN| eka kamarA mukhya bhavana ke bAhara sthita haiM / ukta tIna kamaroM meM se do kamare eka lAIna (sIdha) meM bane hue haiN| ina kamaroM kA mukha pazcima kI ora hai| tIsare kA mukha uttara kI ora hai| sampUrNa zRMkhalA ke bAhara eka beMca vAlA barAmadA hai| pRSTha kamaroM kI chata kucha vakra aura kSatigrasta ho gaI hai| pharza sundara aura pIche se uThA huA hai| sAmane ke donoM kamaroM kI bIca kI dIvAla meM gaharA ora baDA bila barAmadA meM praveza karane ke lie banA kara logoM ne jaMgalA banAliyA haiN| ina donoM kamaroM meM do-do praveza dvAra haiN| cAra khambhoM kA adhikAMza bhAga Adhunika kArIgiri (zilpa kauzala) se yukta haiN| stambhoM para bane brekeToM para mahilAoM aura ghur3a savAroM kI AkRtiyoM aMkita haiN| barAmadA meM praveza karane ke lie bane pAMca praveza dvAroM ko pArzvavartI ghaToM para sthita ghanakAra staMmbha saMbhAleM hue haiN| inake zIrSagoM para banI akRtiyAM naSTa ho gaI haiN| pichalA bhAga eka-dUsare se saTAye hue jAnavAra bhI citrita haiM / puSpIya, vanaspatIya, latAoM aura jAnavaroM ko khader3ate hue laDakoM se yukta eka ardhavRttAkAra paTTI ko utkIrNita kiyA 83

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gayA hai| inake zIrSa bhAgoM para bhI vatsa aura nandIpAda bhI haiN| barAmade ke bAhara hathiyAroM se yukta donoM aura eka eka caukIdAra donoM maMjiloM kI rakSA kara rahe haiN| logoM ne inake sira aura mukhoM ko kSata-vikSata kara unheM vikRta karadiyA hai| barAmadA kI dAhinI ora pazcima bhAga meM eka choTA prakoSTha hai| usake praveza dvAra ke toraNa ke Upara phUloM se susajjita kalA vidyamAna hai| isa koThI ke daravAjoM ke dAhine bhAga ke mukhauTe para eka choTA abhilekha hai jo ghisa gayA hai| yaha abhilekha nimna prakAra hai : kumAro vaDukha sa leNaM arthAt kumAra vaDukha kI guMphA / isa gumphA kI mahatvapUrNa AkRti burI saraha se naSTa ho gAI hai pramukha khaNDa ke dvitIya aura tRtIya praveza patha ke madhya meM dhArmika cinha kI pUjA karane kA dRzya vidyamAna hai| yaha dRzya usa samaya kI smRti ko amara banAne ke lie utkIrNita kiyA gayA haiM, jaba samrATa khAravela ne magadha nareza se kaliMga jina ko vApasa lA kara pithaMDa meM mAyAjA kaliMga jina kI pUjA karate hue saparivAra rAjA khAravela 84 phi

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pratiSThA kara saparibAra pUjA kI thii| ukta puruSa purohita hai, jo pUjA karAne kI mudrA meM hai| dUsarA puruSa rAjA khAravela jo pahale puruSa ke pIche khaDe haiN| unake pIche eka mahilA hai| yaha rAnI honA caahie| unake pIche sambhavata: rAjakumAra kudepa bhI haiN| pUrA rAjaparivAra hAtha joDe khar3e hue aise pratIta hote haiN| mAno ve bhagavAna kI stuti kara argha car3hAne kA anuSThAna kara rahe haiN| vAdya bajAte hue do gaMdharva bhI utkIrNita haiN| rAjakumAra ke sira ke Upara ugatA huA eka sUrya bhI citrita hai| rAja parivAra ke pIche eka hAthI bhI khar3A dRSTigata hotA hai| jo isa bAta kA pratIka hai ki usI para savAra ho kara ukta rAjaparivAra AyA thaa| hAthI ke UparI bhAga meM vidyAdhara ko ur3ate hue dikhAyA gayA hai| usake bAyeM hAtha meM pUjA-sAmagrI se yukta eka thAlI hai aura dUsarA hAtha uThA huA hai| ukta toraNa ke avaziSTa sthAna meM baunI AkRtiyoM dvArA sahArA diye hue tIna jaMgalA vidyamAna haiN| dAhine kamare ke pahale aura dUsare arthAt tIsare aura cauthe daravAje ke madhya meM nimnAMkita eka paMkti kA abhilekha hai| erasa mahArAjasa kalaMgAdhipatino mahAmeghavAhanasa kudepsirinolennN| arthAt kalaMgAdhipati mahArAja Arya mahAmeghavAhana kudepa siri (zrI) kI yahaguMphA hai| isake bagala ke tIsare kamare ke pazcima kI ora eka choTI koThI hai, jo pUrva . se pazcima taka vistRta phailI huI hai| isameM do praveza daravAje haiN| isakA pharza khudA huA hai aura chata darArI huI hai| isa meM kalA kA abhAva hai| isa koThI ke sAmane tIna ora beMcoM se yukta eka barAmadA hai| ise do antarika eka bhArI ghanAkAra stambha saMbhAle hue haiN| isa barAmade ke bAhAra bhI donoM ora eka-eka caukIdAra utkIrNita haiN| isa guphA ke mukhya bhavana ke bAhara ke UparI sataha para kamala, hAthI, ghor3e Adi kI AkRti banI huI haiM, jo aba naSTa ho rahI haiN| isake AMgana ke sAmane naSTa huI guMphA kA samatala maidAna bhI katipaya varSoM pUrva nikAlA gayA hai|

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uparI maMjila arthAt svargapurI guMphA : isameM eka lambA prakoSTha hai| isakI chata nicalI aura jIrNa-zIrNa hai| pharza pIche se uThA huA hai| isa meM tIna praveza dvAra haiN| phuloM aura vanaspati se yukta toraNa bane hue haiN| bagala meM eka daravAje vAlI eka aura koThI haiN| isakI chata bhI nicalI aura kSatigrasta hai / barAmadA kI chata aura sAharA dene vAle khambhoM ke girajAne se sAmane beMca yukta barAmadA bhI hai| dUsare aura tIsare daravAjoM kI bIca meM tIna paMktiyoM kA eka abhilekha hai| jo nimnAMkita haiM / 1. 2. 3. arahanta pasAdAya kaliMgAnaM samanAnaM lenaM kAritaM rAjino lalAkasa hathisisa papAta dhutunA kaligaM cakavatino siri khAravela sa / agamahisinA kAritaM arthAt arahatoM ke prasAda se kaliMga ke zramaNoM ke lie nirmita kI gaI gumphA rAjA lalaka kI (putrI) aura hAthI siMha kI prapautrI kaliMga ke cakravartI zrI khAravela kI agra mahiSI (paTarAnI) ne isa guMphA kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| bagala ke kamare meM aura pazcimI dIvAla ke madhya meM eka khir3akI haiN| marammata kiye gaye bagala ke khaMbhoM para paMkha yukta jAnavaroM kI AkRtiyA~ haiM / unake upara nirmita toraNa para vanaspatIya cinha aura makara ke mukha se nikalatI huI latAyeM suzobhita hotI hai| 10. gaNeza guMphA 1. rAnI gumphA se dAhinI pazcima kI ora kucha dUrI para gaNeza gumphA sthita hai / isa guphA meM do lambe prakoSTha haiM, jinakA upayoga zramaNoM ke AvAsa ke lie kiyA jAtA thaa| ina donoM kamaroM meM do-do praveza dvAra haiN| inake sAmane beMca yukta barAmadA hai| prAMgaNa se zIghra hI kucha kadama cala kara barAmadA meM praveza kiyA jA sakatA hai| kamaroM kI chata kucha nIcI aura samatala hai| pharza pIche uThA huA hai| kamaroM ko vibhAjita karane vAlI bIca kI dIvAla meM khulI huI eka khir3akI hai| barAmadA kI chata sAdhAraNa hai| ise ghanAkAra stambhoM kI paMkti saMbhAle hue haiN| 86

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2. bAI ora ke kamare ke pIche kii| kI dIvAla para kisI tIrthakara kI mUrti utkIrNita hai| yaha mUrti paryakAMsana aura yogamudrA meM virAjamAna haiN| lekina isa meM koI cinha na hone ke kAraNa inhoM pahicAnanA saMbhava nahIM hai| mUrti ke dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki ise cUnA patthara ke AvaraNa ke sAtha plAsTara kara jor3a diyA gayA hai| isI prakAra bAyIM ora kI koThI dhyAnastha jaina tIrthaMkara meM gaNeza kI mUrti utkIrNita hai| isa mUrti kI dAhinI ora pAMca paMkti ke eka Alekha se prakaTa hotA hai ki bhauma vaMza ke rAjA zAMtideva ke rAjatva kAla meM virajA ke nivAsI vaidya bhImaTTa ke putra nannaTa ne prasasta dhAna dI thii| zAMtideva ke rAjatva kA samaya I.san. 829 hai| ata: anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki ukta gaNeza kI sthApanA I.san. 829 ke Asa pAsa huI hogii| isI gaNeza kI mUrti sthApita hone ke kAraNa yaha guMphA gaNeza maMphA kahalAtI hai| kamaro ke praveza dvAro kI Upara toraNa para vanaspati ke cinha aura makara ke mukha se nikalane bAlI latAoM se susajjita hai| UparI bhAgoM para nandipAda aura zrIvatsa bhI dRSTi gocara hote haiN| eka ora pahale ora dUsare dvArapatha ke bIca ke aura dUsare aura tIsare aura cauthe dvArapatha ke vIca ke sthAna meM do dRzya utkIrNita hai| pratyeka ke upara gherA banA huA hai| usI meM pAlathI lagAkara baiThe hue tIna toMdavAle strI pUrUSa kI CPNU / Ram 87

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3. 4. 5. 6. AkRtiyA~ hai| pahale aura dUsare daravAje ke madhya meM eka peDa ke nIce eka AdamI leTA huA hai aura usake pairo ke samIpa eka strI baiThI huI hai| mahilA pairoM meM paijaniyA~ pahane hue hai| usakA eka hAtha usa vyakti kI jA~gha ke rakhA hai| * upara dUsare dRzya meM eka mahilA kisI vyakti ko pakar3e hue hai| tIsare dRzya meM puruSa aura mahilA ke bIca meM hathiyAroM se yuddha hotA dikhAyA gayA hai| strI puruSa ko pakar3a kara le jAte hue citrita hai| cauthe dRzya meM strI ko lekara puruSa ko bhAgateM hue citrita kiyA gayA haiM / gaNeza guphA ke sAmane phUla - guccha lie hue hAthI tIsare aura cauthe daravAje para bhI bahuta sundara dRzyAvalI hai, jisa meM kucha loga hathiyAra liye hue haiM / mahilAyeM bhI yuddha karatI huI dRSTigata hotI hai| eka hAthI para tIna mahilAoM ko dhanuSa aura talavAroM se yuddha karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai| eka per3a ke nIce eka hAthI baiThA hai| usake bagala meM do mahilAyeM aura eka puruSa khar3A huA hai| eka strI aphsosa kI mudrA meM jamIna para baiThI huI hai| koI puruSa use manA rahA hai| barAmade ke brekeTsa para mahilAoM aura puruSoM kI AkRtiyA~ banI huI hai| mAdhavI latA, phUla, TUTe-phUTe bartana, thAlI Adi bhI dRSTigocara hote haiM / barAmadA 88

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7. ke bAhara bAyIM ora bhAlA yA lAThI lie caukIdAra khar3A ukta guMphA kI rakSAkara rahA hai| bahirmukha brekeTa para pAgurAtA huA tathA kakuda (pITha ke Upara uThA bhAga) sahita baila utkIrNita hai| barAmadA ke ora jAte hue dAhinI aura boyIM ora apanI suMr3ha meM phUla ke gucche lie hue (hAthI) utkIrNita dRSTigocara hote hai| mAno ve AgantukoM kA svAgata kara rahe haiN| anumAna kiyA jAtA hai I.san. dUsarI zatAbdI meM isa guphA kA nirmANa huA 8. hogaa| 11. jambezvara gumphA bhAluoM kA rAjA jambezvara kahalAte hai| I.pU. prathama zatAbdI meM nirmita isa guMphA meM do praveza dvAroM vAlI eka koThI hai| daravAje sAdA hai| isakI chata bahuta nIcI aura jIrNa-zIrNa hai| pharza Upara se uThA huA DhAludAra hai aura khuradarA hai| usake Age tIna ghanAkAra stambha ke sahAre eka chata yukta barAmadA hai| bArAmade ke tInoM ora beMca hai| donoM ora eka-eka choTA raika bhI hai| kalA vihIna isa gumphA ke brekeTa bhI sAdhAraNa hai| isa guMphA meM nimnAMkita laghu zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki mahAmada mahAmadasa bAriyAma nAkiyAsa lennN| isa guMphA ke uttara pazcima meM DhalAna para sAmane khulI eka choTI guMphA bhI hai| 12. bAgha guMphA I.san. kI prathama zatAbdI meM nirmita isa guphA ke sAmane kA bhAga mu~ha khole bAgha ke samAna hone ke kAraNa ise bAgha guMphA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| hAthI gumphA ke pazcima meM sthita isa guphA meM eka choTA prakoSTha hai| isakI chata nIcI hai| pharza Upara se uThA huA aura cikanA hai| kamare kA nikAsa mArga bahuta choTA aura nIcA hai, usa meM jhukakara praveza kiyA jA sakatA hai| isake Upara bAgha ke AkAra kI caTTAna hai| jisa meM jabar3A phailAye hue, bhayAnaka dA~ta aura caMcalatA pUrNa AkhoM

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TSE bAgha guphA phrI aura nAka yukta sajIva bAgha ke sira kI taraha pratIta hotA hai| isake kamare ke sAmane eka barAmadA hai| praveza dvAra ke dAhinI ora eka choTA Alekha nimna prakAra hai| nagara akhadamasa sabhUtino loNaM / isase jJAta hotA hai ki yaha nagara ke nyAyadhIza samUti kI guMphA hai / lekha ke anta meM tribhuja aura svAstika kA cinha hai| kiMcita dUrI para eka sajIva chipakulI (gRha ko kilA) citrita hai / stambhoM para hAthiyoM ke jor3e aura jAnavara vidyamAna haiN| daravAje kA toraNa sAdA hai| kamare ke andara eka aisA sthAna hai jaise jIvita jAnavara kA galA ho / ST 13. sarpa - gumphA hAthI gumphA se pazcima meM sarpa guphA sthita hai| isakA nirmANa eka gola caTTAna ko kATa kara kiyA gayA hai| yaha saba se choTI gumphA hai| jisa patthara se yaha nirmita hai vaha cikanA hai / isa meM do chATI koThiyA~ haiN| una meM se Upara vAlI koThI pUrva mukhI hai| yahI sarpa guMphA ke nAma se prasiddha hai| usake uttara mukhI praveza dvAra meM koI kalA nahIM hai| usI praveza dvAra ke Upara kI caTTAna para sarpa kI AkRti utakIrNita 90

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sarpa guphA BANI S / ONA PORTAINS RANASNA 18 kI gaI hai| isake cAra phaNoM para apariSkRta nakkAsI darzanIya hai| isa bhayAnaka AkRti vAle sarpa kA mu~ha khulA huA (citra) hai| isakA pharza pIche se uThA huA hai| guMphA mu~ha para bahuta saMkarA barAmadA hai| isa meM pahuMcanA saMbhava nahIM hai| isa meM do abhilekha hai| (ka) culakaMmasa koThAjeyA ca (ci) arthAt culakama (upakarma saciva) kA abhedya AvAsIya prkosstth| (kha) kammasa hala khigAya ca pasAdo arthAt kamma aura halakSiNa kA prakoSTha hai| ina AlekhoM se siddha hai ki cUlakarma arthAt-upakarma saciva ke isa abhedya AvAsIya koThI kA nirmANa karma aura halakSirA (khAniyA) ne karAkara use upahAra meM de diyA thaa| isa guMphA meM ghisaTa (raiMga) kara praveza kiyA jA sakatA hai| usakI dAhinI ora do-tIna aura guphAyeM vidyamAna haiM jo ullekhanIya nahI haiN|

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14. hAthI-gumphA - yaha eka prAkRtika guMphA hai| isa guphA kA AkAra viSama hai| dIrghAkAra isa guphA meM eka zilAlekha upalabdha hai| sAmane se khulI hai| IsA pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI meM rAjA khAravela ne eka vizAla caTTAna para apane zaizava kAlIna smRtiyoM aura svayaM ke rAjatva ke 13 varSoM kA vivaraNa 17 paktiyoM meM TaMkita karavAyA thaa| isakI bhASA zaurasenI prAkRta hai aura brAhmI lipi hai| jaina dharma aura itihAsa kI dRSTi se hAthI guMmphA kA ananya mahatva hai| bhArata zabda kA ullekha isI prAcInatama hAthI gumphA zilAlokha meM sarva prathama huA hai| isa meM mAMgalika cihna aMkita haiN| 15. dhAnaghara gumphA hAthI guMmphA se dAhinI ora se gaNeza guMphA kI ora bar3hane para dhAnaghara guMphA ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM hAthI gumphA aura gaNeza gumphA ke madhya meM dAhinI ora dhAnadhara guMphA hai| isameM eka dIrdhAkAra prakoSTha hai| isakI chata nIcI aura bhagna hai| isa meM tIna dvArapatha haiN| isa prakoSTha ke sAmane beMca vAlA bArAmadA hai| isa bArAmadA ko do stambha aura tIna ghanAkAra stambha saMmAle hue hai| ghanAkAra stambha ke pArzva bhAgoM aura uparI bhAgoM meM sthita toraNoM se dvAra mArga alaMkRta haiN| bAMyeM kUDya stambha ke samIpa eka caukIdAra khar3A hai| vaha dhotI pahane, cAdara dhAraNa kiye aura pagar3I bAMdhe paira naMge evaM eka bar3I lAThI TikAye hue khar3A hai| yaha guMphA anucca aura kalA vihIna hai| brekeTasoM ke Upara hAthI, zera, mAdhavI latAyeM aura kamala utakIrNita haiN| isa meM koI kArIgiri yA kalA nahIM hai| pharza khuradarA aura Upara se uThA huA hai| 16. haridAsa gumphA : isa guMphA kA nAma 17 vIM zatAbdI meM hue ur3IsA saMta haridAsa ke nAma para huA hai, aisA katipaya vidvAnoM kA mAnanA hai| I. pU. prathama zatAbdI meM nirmita yaha guMphA hAthI gumphA ke bAI ora thoDI dUrI para dakSiNa-pazcima kI kI ora pUrva mukhI hai| isa lAIna meM tIna guMphAyeM nirmita hai| haridAsa gumphA sarva prathama sthita hai, isa 92

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gumphA ke gRha mukha para eka laghu Alekha aMkita hai| isa se jJAta hotA hai ki isa guMphA kA nirmANa khAravela ke pazcAt huA hai / yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki yaha cUla karma kA ajeya upAsanA aura AvAsa prakoSTha thA / kahA hai : cUla kampasa pasAtI koThajoya ca yaha eka lambe prakoSTha vAlI guMphA hai| isakI chata kiM cita vakrAkara hai / isa ke sAmane barAmadA hai, jisameM eka ora se beMca hai| isa barAmado ko do ghanAkAra khambhe sAhAra diye hue haiM aura isa meM do dvAra-mArga haiN| isa guMphA kA sampUrNa DhAMcA zilpakalA se vihIna hai| kaTAvadAra brekeTa bhI ullekhanIya hai / 17. jagannAtha gumphA nagA jagannAtha gumphA kA eka bRhata prakoSTha hai / harIdAsa gumphA se saTI huI bAMyIM ora jagannAtha gumphA hai| udayagirI ke samasta guMphAoM ke samasta prakoSThoM meM yaha sabase bar3A prakoSTha hai| kahA jAtA hai ki pahale isa guMphA meM zrIjagannAtha kA eka raMgIna citra thA / kAMTA nIkAlavAne ke liye apanA mu~ha kholehue sArasa 93

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isI kAraNa se isa guphA ko jagannAtha guMphA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| ukta dIrghAkAra prakoSTha meM cAra praveza dvAra hai| eka beMcaM vAlA barAmadA hai| isa barAmade ko tIna khambhI saMmAle hue haiN| laimpa Adi rakhane ke lie isameM tIna AlA (tAka) haiN| do Ale (Niches) prakoSTha kI dIvAla para aura eka barAmadA ke khambhe para hai| stambhoM aura ghanAkAra khambhoM para hirana, paMkha yukta jAnavara, machaliyoM, phUla aura paudhoM se yukta haiN| isake alAvA brekeToM para gaNa, vidyAdhara tastarI meM mAlA rakhe hue, paMkha vAle kinnara kI yugaloM kI AkRtiyA~ ubharI huI haiN| khambhe ke brekreTa ke Upara eka mUrti bhI hai| jisameM eka sArasa apane gale se kAMTA nikalAvAne ke lie apanA mu~ha gaNa kI tarapha khole hue hai| yaha bahuta sundara aura AkarSaka citra hai / 18. rasoI gumphA rasoI gumphA ko randhana guMphA bhI kahate haiN| yaha gumphA jagannAtha gumphA kI bAMI ora aura usase saTI huI hai| yaha eka bahuta choTe kamare vAlA AvAsa gRha hai| isake patale aura sakare khambhoM para eka barAmadA nirmita hai| isake sAmane ke Ubar3a-khAbaDa pattharoM ko khoda kara nikAla diyA gayA hai / danta kathA hai ki jaba isake dAhine bhAga meM sthita jagannAtha guMphA meM bhagavAna zrIjagannAtha kI pUjA hotI thI to isI guMphA meM mahAprasAda taiyAra hotA thA, isa lie isa guMphA kA nAma rasoI yA randhana guMphA huA hai| 94

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3. khaNDagiri kI guphAoM kA zilpa saundaryaH udayagiri kI taraha khaNDagiri bhI yugma pahAr3iyoM meM se eka hai| donoM ko eka Adhunika roDa vimAjita karatA hai| yaha bhuvanezvara zahara ke najadIka hai| isakI u~cAI 123 phITa hai| khaNDagiri kA prAcIna nAma kumAra parvata hai| ena.ke.sAhu kahate hai ki kumAra parvata se khaNDagIrI kA nAma khaNDazabda brAhmanI kala zabda skandha se banA hai| jaina prAkRta meM ska ke sthAna kha aura dha ke sthAna para Da ho jAne para khanDa ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra prAcIna nAma kumAra giri khaNDagiri meM parivartita ho gyaa| 18 vI 19 vIM zatAbdI meM race gaye ur3IsA saMskRta sAhitya meM khaNDagiri ko khaNDAcala kahA gayA hai| bhagavAn bhuvanezvara ke uttara pUrva meM Der3ha koza kI dUrI para khaNDAcala nAmaka sundara aura aneka prakAra ke vRkSoM se DhakI huI pavitra pahAr3I hai| jo jaMgalI jIvoM kA Azrayasthala hai| yahA~ sadaiva zItala havAyeM calatI rahatI haiM aura udayAcala pahAr3I se saMyukta hai| isa pahAr3I para aneka guMphAyeM maMdira aura jalAzaya banAye gaye the| yaha dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika kriyAkalApoM kI kendra rhii| khaNDagIrI kI guMphAoM meM utkIrNita zIlAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki I.san. 9vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt kumAra parvata kA mahatva jaina dharma aura saMskRti ke kAraNa atyadhika bar3ha gayA thA / 10vI 11vIM zatAbdI taka kumAra parvata jaina dharma kA sudRr3ha gar3ha bana gayA thaa| yahA~ para nimnAMkita guMphAyeM avazeSa haiN| tAtovA gumphA naM 1 tAtovA gumphA naM 2 ananta gumphA tendula gumphA khaNDagiri gumphA dhyAna gumphA navamuni gumphA bArahabhujI gumphA trizUla athavA mahAvIra yA satbakharA gumphA ori s n x. i w ij i

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12. 10.ii ambikA gumphA ghANAgimiha 6 11. lalATendu gumphA jIrNa-zIrNa-rAdhAkuNDa ke pAsa gumphA kamI hoNAra rAdhAkuNDa se Age bhagna gumphA ma pira 14. ekAdazI gumphAmA vijaya 15. guptagaMgA ke sannikaTa gumphA ukta guMphAoM ke nAma sthAnIya nivAsiyoM ne rakhe the jinhe bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNa ne svIkAra kara liye haiN| ata: ukta guphAoM kA paricayAtmaka ninmAMkita haiN| 1. tAtovA gumphA naM-1 avina tAtovA nAmaka do guphAyeM haiM, aura ye eka dUsare ke nIce Upara sthita haiN| jo tAtovA guphA nIce hai use tAtovA guphA naM -1 aura jo isa ke Upara sthita hai use tAtovA gumphA naM-2 kahA gayA hai| ina donoM gumphAoM ko tAtovA gumphA kayoM kahA gayA ? isa saMbaMdha meM nizcita rUpa se kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| lekina anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki ukta donoM gumphAoM ke toraNoM para pramukha rUpase utkIrNita totA yugala bahuta AkarSaka haiM, sammavata: isI kAraNa se ukta gumphAoM ko tAtovA gumphA kahA gayA hai| DAL 208 STO RIES sh / ONEY NAIN M tAtovA guphA ke andara kI dIvAla para sUrya aura candramA

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isa gumphA meM eka dIrghAkAra kamarA hai| isa kamare ke sAmane beMca yukta barAmadA hai| prakoSTha kI chata samatala aura pharza pIcho se uThA hai| isa gumphA ke garbha graha (kamare) ke andara ke bagala meM bane tathA khule hue do daravAjoM arthAt nikAsa dvAroM se praveza kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina daravAjoM meM kivAr3oM ke sthAna para patthara se nirmita caukhaTa aura stambha haiM / ghanAkAra stambhoM ke zIrSa bhAga vibhinna prakAra ke yugala rUpa meM sthita jAnavaroM se alaMkRta hai| stambhoM ke UparI bhAga meM hue ardhavRtAkAra toraNa makara ke mukha se nikalane vAlI mAdhavI latAoM se yukta ekAntara kamaloM aura phalo se yukta latAoM se khUbasUrata rUpa se citrita haiN| toraNoM ke zIrSa bhAga tribhujAkAra haiN| jo cocoM me phUla dabAkara (pakaDa) ur3ate hue totoM se yukta hai| toraNoM aura pArzavI dIvAla kA madhyavartI sthAna DholAkAra aura meharAnI chata kA namUnA pratIta hotA hai| ise kalasiyoM kI katAroM se yukta zIrSa bhAga vAle brekeTa sahArA diye hue haiN| barAmadA kI chata ko do khambhe aura pArzvastha ghanAkAra stambha sahArA diye hue haiN| khambhoM aura ghanAkAra stabhmoM ke brekeTeM kamaloM mAdhavI latAoM aura gucchoM se utkIrNita haiN| barAmadA ke sAmane stambhoM ke bagala meM dhotI pahane hue aura cAdaraM dhAraNa kie hue agala-bagala meM isa gumphA kI rakSA karate hue do caukIdAra khar3e hue haiN| inake hAthoM meM talavAra hai| dUSita pravRtti ke logoM ne inake sira kATa kara kSatigrasta kara diyA hai| daravAjoM ke mArga ke do toraNoM ke bIca meM ninmAMkita laghu zilAlekha upalabdha hai| pAdamUlikasa kusumasa leNaM()ni arthAta pAdamUlika kusuma kI gumphaa| isa gumphA kA nirmANa I.pU. prathama zatAbdI meM honA caahie| tAtovAguphAnaM-2 I.pUrva prathama zatAbdI tathA kaliMga nareza khAravela ke samaya meM nirmita yaha guMphA pahalI guMphA ke UparI vistRta sataha para sthita hai| prathama gumphA ke dAhinI ora nirmita sIDhiyoM dvArA ukta gumphA taka pahu~cA jA sakatA hai| isa kI sajAvaTa visada, jaTila aura zrama sAdhya hai| isa gumphA meM eka dIrghAkAra prakoSTha hai| isa prakoSTha meM 2. 97

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PARANORAN SARAN EXCE / vRkSa ke nIce nRtya karate huI saMgIta pArTi tIna praveza dvAroM se praveza kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa kamare ke sAmane eka beMca yukta barAmadA hai| isa prakoSTha kI chata unnatodara hai| isakA pharza pIche se uThA huA hai| kamare ke pIche kI dIvAla para gerUA raMga se brAhmanI lipi meM 6 paMktiyoM meM kucha zabda likhe gaye pratIta hote haiN| vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki ukta lipi khAravela kAlIna nahIM hai| kamare ke pIche kI dIvAla para sUrya aura candramA sUcaka cinha bhI aMkita haiN| daravAjoM ke palloM ke sthAna pare unake vagala meM ghanAkRti khambhe haiN| jo ghaTa para AdhArita haiN| ina khambhoM ke zIrSa bhAga zeroM, vRSabhoM aura hAthiyoM ke joDoM se yukta haiN| pratyeka dvAra mArga ke pArzvastha ghanAkRti khambhoM se saMbaMdhita toraNoM se AcchAdita haiN| ina toraNe ke zIrSa bhAgoM para nandipAda kA cinha vidyamAna hai| toraNoM ke madhyavartI bhAga kamala ke phUloM kI mAlAoM, kaliyoM aura mAdhavI latAo se bharapUra haiN| pArzva bhAga meM hiraNoM, totoM aura pAMDuka pakSiyoM ke joDe utkIrNita haiN| kamare kI chata DholAkAra hai| baoNyI ora zera aura dAhinI ora hAthI utkIrNita kiye gaye haiN| sarpo ke phaNa madhyavartI toraNoM para utkIrNita haiN| kAmamA dAtamATAmAcI

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barAmadA ko tIna ora se ghere hue beMca hai| stambhoM ke sAmane adhikAMza bhAga aura barAmadA ke pharza kA Adhunika DhaMga se punaroddhAra kiyA gayA dRSTigocara hotA hai| yA khambhoM ke Antarika brekeToM para mAdhavIlatA aura ekAntara kamala ke phuloM se nakkAsI kI gaI hai| eka vRkSa ke nIce eka saMgIta-pArTI ne saMgIta kA Ayojana kiyA hai| eka nArI nAca rahI hai| koI eka puruSa vINA bajA rahA hai| do nAriyoM meM se eka phUloM se bharI huI thAlI pakaDe hue hai| mahilA ke kezavinyAsa sundara aura alaMkAroM se alaMkRta cittAkarSaka hai| unakI veza-bhUSA vismayotpAdaka hai| 3. ananta gumphA kI samApita 15 ananta zabda ke artha zeSanAga, vAsuki Adi hote haiN| isa gumphA ke toraNoM para tIna phana vAle sarpa aMkita haiN| isI kAraNa se isa gumphA ko ananta yA sarpa gumphA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| I.pU. prathama zatAbdI meM nirmita isa gumphA kA mahattva, aitihAsika, dhArmika tathA zilpakalA kI dRSTi, se atyadhika hai| isa gumphA meM eka lambA aura saMkarA (taMga) prakoSTha hai| isa meM cAra praveza dvAra haiM jinase kamare ke andara praveza kiyA jA sakatA hai| prakoSTha ke sAmane eka barAmadA hai| barAmadA kI chata ananta guphA ke prakoSTha kI pIche kI dIvAla para aMkita mAMgalika cihna evaM tIrthaMkara

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prakoSTha kI chata kI apekSA nIcI hai| barAmadA ko eka beMca tIna ora se ghere hue hai| barAmadA kI chata ke do-tIna sthUlAkAra khambhe aura pArzvavartI ghanAkAra AkRti vAle stambha sahArA diye hue haiN| kamaloM ke Upara eka hAthI sthita hai, jo bonA se yukta brekeToM ko sahArA diye hue hai| pUrNa khilehue kamala, hAtha joDe mahilA mAdhavI latAaiM bartulAkAra peTavAle gaNa adhiracanA ko saharA diye hue haiN| kamaloM para ghur3a savAra bhI dikhalAI par3a rahe haiN| prathama aura dUsare dvAra mArga kI vibhAjikA dIvAla, karNapaTTa aura citraNa ke sAtha naSTa ho gaI hai| prakoSTha kA pharza pIche se uThA huA hai| isakI chata thoDI dhanuSAkAra hai| baemadA samatala hai| prakoSTa ke pIche kI dIvAlapara sAta sAMketika mAMga lika cinha utkIrNita kiye gaye haiN| madhya meM nandipada hai / svastiska, caityabRkSa triratna, paMca parameSThi, nandipada aura svasti eka kramaza: eka paMkti meM nakkAzI yukta haiN| inhIM cinhoM ke nIce kisI khaDe hue tIrthaMkara ko bhI, ur3ate hue vidyAdhara, caMvaraDhone vAle Adi nakkAzI yukta devatAoM ke sAtha adhUrA utkIrNita kiyA gayA hai| isa guMphA kA saba se majedAra pahalu mUrtikalA aura karNapaTTa ke sajAne kA namunA hai| dvAramArga ke toraNoM aura toraNoM ke madhyavartI bhAga bahuta sundara DhaMga se alaMkRta haiN| cAroM praveza dvAra mArga maulika rUpa se AlaMkArika ghanAkRti vAle stambhoM toraNoM se 100

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susajjita haiM / antita toraNa kA zIrSa bhAga bhI vatsa aura nandipada cinhoM se yukta hai| stambhoM ke pAda pradeza meM pUrNa kumbha, zikhara para ulTA kamala aura usake upara tIna phana vAle sarpa citrita haiM / toraNa ke zIrSAMgoM para ukta sarpoM kI pUMche lipaTI huI haiN| ve sarpa toraNa ko ghere hue haiN| ghanAkAra sthUla stambhoM ke madhya bhAga vibhinna prakAra ke paMkha vAle jAnavaroM se utkIrNita haiN| gumphA ke toraNoM para sukSma kalA zobhAyamAna hai| prathama toraNa para puSpamAlA dUsare toraNa para siMha tIsare toraNa para hAthI aura cauthe para nIlotpala lekara uDate hue rAjahaMsoM kI paMktiyA~ citrita haiM / toraNoM ke Antarika bhAgoM meM aitihAsika aura dhArmika citrAMkita haiM / jo nimnAMkita hai: caturdantI arthAt - cAra dAMta vAlA vizAlakAya rAjasI hAthI do hAthiniyoM ke madhya meM khar3A hai| hathiniyA~ kamala kA phUla apanI-apanI sUMDha meM lie hue usakI pUjA karatI huI pratIta hotI haiN| ukta hAthI gaMbhIra mudrA meM hai| jaina dharma kI dRSTi se yaha mahattvapUrNa haiM / tIrthaMkaroM kI mAtA sarvaprathama isI prakAra ke hAthI ko svapna meM dekhatI haiN| dUsare toraNa meM cAraghoDoM vAle ratha para eka vyakti baiThA huA gatizIla haiN| usake donoM ora do deviyA~ bhI vaiThI huI dRSTigocara hotI haiN| ukta vyakti ke upara rAjachatra bhI hai / kucha vidvAna usa vyakti ko do hAthoM vAlA sUrya mAnate haiN| ukta donoM mahilAyeM usa sUrya kI USas aura pratyUSa nAmaka patniyA~ haiM / AkAza meM sUrya, candramA evaM tArikAaiM haiN| ratha kI gati ke sAtha eka durvala zarIra vAlA manuSya daur3atA huA dRSTigocara hotA hai| usake bAMye hAtha meM pAnapAtra aura dAhine hAtha meM dUsare toraNa para aMkita cAra ghor3e vAle ratha para de deviyoM ke phayarAtI huI patAkA hai| madhya meM baiThA vyakti 101

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tIsare toraNa para aMkita kamala sarovara meM lakSmI kI kamala se abhiSeka karate hue hAthI tIsare toraNa para eka gajalakSmI ke darzana hote haiM, jo eka kamala vAle tAlAba meM manuSyAkAra meM utkIrNita hai| usake pratyeka hAtha meM kamala ke phUla haiN| usa lakSmI ke donoM ora kamala para khar3e hue do hAthI sUMDha uThAkara pAnI se usakA abhiSeka kara rahe haiN| ukta donoM hAthiyoM ke pIche zuka yugala kamala bIja samUha ke donoM ora vidyamAna haiM / cauthe toraNa para vRkSa devatA kI pUjA karane kA citra hai / ghere ke andara sthita pavitra vRkSa hai| donoM ora khar3e ho kara rAjA-rAnI pUjArcanA karate hue dikhalAI paDa rahe cauthe toraNa para aMkita caitya vRkSa kI pUjA karate hue rAjA rAnI 102

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haiN| unake pAsa kSINa zarIra vAle do puruSa bhI khar3e haiN| ananta guMphA ke barAmade ko nimnAMkita prakAra se sajAyA gayA hai| (ka) isake aMtima kinAroM para phUla liyehue vidyAdharoM koM ur3ate hue citrita kiyA gayA hai / dAhinI ora eka vidyAdhara aMkita hai jo ur3atA huA pratIta hotA haiN| bAhara nikalate hue baDe baDe dA~toM vAle aura pattoM ke samAna baDe kAna vAle bhUtoM ko citrita kiyA gayA hai| baDe bhUta kI tastarI se dUsare bhUta, mAlA khIMcate hue dRSTigocara hote hai| kha (ga) (gha) (ca) cauthe brekeToM para kamala lie hue striyA~ dRSTigocara hotI haiM / una striyoM meM se eka dhAtu ke AbhUSaNa se pratIta honevAle aneka maNibandha pahane hue haiN| pAMcaveM brekaTa para eka hAthI kamalAsana para khaDA dRSTigocara hotA hai| guphA ke bAharI brekeTa para ghur3a savAra aura bhUta kI AkRtiyAM vidyamAna hai| barAmadA ke bAyeM stambha aura prathama stambha ke bIca meM eka laghu abhilekha prApta hai : dohada samaNAnaM lenaM, arthAta- dohada zramaNoM kI gumphA / isa gumphA ke barAmadA ke bAharI caTTAna para eka aura dUsarA abhilekha utkIrNita kiyA gayA hai 1 lekina ghisajAne ke kAraNa vaha paDhane yogya nahIM rhaa| yaha gumphA bhAratIya sthApatya kalA kA Adarza namUnA hai| (cha) khambhe ke brekeTa (zIrSabhAga) para bhUta strI-puruSa ko le jAte hue hAthI kI sahAyatA karate kI taraha pratIta hotA hai / (ja) dUsare zIrSa bhAga para lIlA pUrvaka jhukI huIM do kAmaniyAM Akarsaka pratIta hotI hai| jo patroM ke guladaste ke dono ora DaMThalakI pUjA kara rahI haiN| 103

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4. teMtuli gumphA: ur3iyA bhASA meM imalI ko teMtuli kahA jAtA hai / ata: anumAna ke AdhAra para kahA jAtA hai ki isa gumphA ke najadIka kabhI teMtuli kA vRkSa rahA hogA, isa lie isa gumphA kA teMtuli gumphA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| yaha gumphA dUsarI tatovA gumphA ke bAMI ora jAne para prApta hotI hai| isa gumphA meM eka laghu prakoSTha hai| isake sAmane eka barAmadA hai jo beMca se yukta hai| isake kamare kA pharza pIche se uThA huA hai aura isakI chata kI DijAIna sAmAnya arthAt kalA rahita hai| isa meM praveza karane ke lie do praveza dvAra haiN| ina meM koI pallA yA kibAr3e nahI hai / ghaTa ke AdhAra para sthita bagala ke stambhoM ke kinAre se praveza dvAra khule hue haiN| stambhoM ke zIrSa bhAga hAthI aura ghaMTI ke AkAra ke ulaTe kamaloM se utkIrNita kiye gaye hai / barAmadA kA bhAga vahA~ sthita caTTAnoM se avaruddha hai| barAmadA ke chata kI DijAina samatala hai / khambhoM aura ghanAkAra stambhoM kA pArzva bhAga sAdhAraNa haiM, brekeTa para kamala kI kalI hAtha meM liye hue nArI ko citrita kiyA gayA hai| isa ke alAvA eka hAthI bhI citrita hai, jo krIDArata hai / 5. khaMDagiri gumphA: yaha eka sAmAnya gumphA hai| yaha do maMjila vAlI hai| isakA bAMyA bhAga AMzika rUpa se TUTa gayA hai| isakA dAhinA bhAga aura chata sahita isakI pIche kI dIvAla aneka khaMDoM meM khaMDita ho jAne ke kAraNa ise khaMDagiri gumphA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| isa meM do kamare haiM, eka Upara aura dUsarA nIce hai| isa gumphA ke nIce ke kamare kI chata jhuka gaI hai aura pharza uThA huA hai| isa ke sAmane koI barAmadA nahIM hai| isakI UparI maMjila para pahu~canA bahuta kaThina hai| isa ke kamare kI dIvAla para svAmI jagannAtha kI raMgIna AkRti banI hUi hai| isakI chata Age kI ora jhukI huI aura pharza pIche kI ora uThA huA hai| isa guMphA kA kalAdi kI dRSTi se koI kA mahattva nahIM hai| 104

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6. dhyAna gumphA: ApakI zikAra sAla isa gumphA ke nAma se hI dhvanita hotA hai ki isakA upayoga dhyAna karane meM kiyA jAtA thaa| isa gumphA kA dUsarA nAma zaMkha gumphA bhI hai| kyoM ki isa meM prApta abhilekha ke akSara zaMkha ke AkAra ke haiN| barAmade kI chata sAdhAraNa tathA samatala hai| bAMI dIvAra para zaMkha ke samAna sAta akSaroM kA eka abhilekha hai| pIche kI dIvAla para bhI eka lAIna kA abhilekha prApta hai| isa meM eka akSara prAcInatA kA dyotaka hai| FE 7. navamuni gumphAH isa gumphA meM navamuni arthAt nau tIrthakaro kI mUrtiyA~ sthApita hone ke kAraNa ukta gumphA nava muni gumphA kahalAtI hai| isa gumphA meM mulata: do dIrgha prakoSTha the| ina do prakoSThoM kI vibhAjaka sAmane kI dIvAla daravAje sahita TUTa jAne ke kAraNa eka vistRta prakoSTha banagayA hai| yaha dhyAtavya hai ki somavaMzI rAjA udyota kezarI ke samaya meM prakoSThoM ke madhya aura barAmadA kI dIvAla ko toDakara ukta prakoSTha ko bar3A kiyA gayA hai tAki pUjArcanA kI jA ske| dAhinI kamare ke pIche kI dIvAla para sAta tIrthakara tra-SabhanAtha, ajitanAtha, sambhavanAtha, abhinandananAtha, vAsupUjya, neminAtha aura pArzvanAtha yogAsana avasthA meM virAjamAna haiN| pratyeka tIrthakara mastaka para tIna chatra, nIce cinha, donoM pArthoM meM camaradhArI / nava muni guMphA meM tra-SabhanAtha, ajitanAtha, sambhavanAtha, abhinandananAtha, vAsapUjya, pArzvanAtha aura neminAtha apanI zAsana deviyoM ke sAtha 105

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sevaka, kevalavRkSa, ur3ate hue mAlAyukta vidyAdhara aura unake nIce unakI zAsana deviyA~ cakrezvarI, rohiNI, prajJapti, vajrazRMkhlA, gAMdhArI, padmAvatI,aura AmrA utakIrNita haiN| inake hAthoM meM unake pratIka aura unake Asana kI nIce unake cinha bhI aMkita haiN| dAhinI dIvAla para puna: tra-SabhanAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI yogAsana meM sthita mUrtiyA~ utkIrNita haiN| inheM milA kara tIrthaMkaroM kI saMkhyA nava ho jAtI hai| isI kAraNa ukta gumphA nava muni gumphA ke nAma se prasiddha hai| mahArAja lIlA ke rUpa meM sthita gaNeza kI pratimA zAsana deviyoM ke prArambha meM hai| bAMI dIvAra para candraprabhu kI eka choTI pratimA bhI hai| lekina isakI gaNanA navamuniyoM meM nahIM hotI hai| isa gumphA meM pAMca zilAlekha vidyamAna the| dAhine kamare kI dAhinI dIvAla para eka zilAlekha meM jo ki pArzanAtha kI mUrti ke nIce upalabdha hai, zrAvakI rUvI kA ullekha huA hai| tIna Alekha avaziSTa vibhAjaka dIvAla para vidyamAna hai| pAMcavA Alekha saba se bar3A hai| tIna lAInoM vAlA yaha Alekha barAmadA ke andara ke zIrSa bhAga meM hai| usa mahattvapUrNa abhilekha meM kula candra ke ziSya zubhacandra kA ullekha huA hai| kulacandra dezIgaNa ke AcArya the| 11 vI. zatAbdI meM sampUrNa ur3IsA meM zAsana karane vAle aura zomavaMzI udyota kezarI ke 8veM rAjya kAla meM AryasaMgha kulacandra gRhakula calAte the| kahA bhI hai : u~ zrImadudyota kezarI devasya pravarddha mAne vijayarAjye, saMvata-18 zrI AryasaMgha pratibaddha gRhakula vinirgata deshiignn| AcArya zrI kulacandra bhaTTArakasya ziSya subhcNdrsy|| ukta vibhakta dIvAla ke 3 zilAlekhoM meM subhacandra aura unake ziSya vijaya aura zrIdhara kA ullekha huA hai| anadhikRta kabjA karane vAle isa gumphA ko tAlA DAla kara banda kiye hue haiN| ata: jaina matAnuyAyI apane isa maMdira meM sthita prAcIna tIrthaMkaroM kI pUjA, arcanAdi karane se vaMcita haiN| 106

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TET 8. bArahabhujI gumphA : sAmAnyAvasthA meM sthita isa gumphA meM pIche kI ora eka bRhad kamarA hai| isa kamare ke sAmane eka khambhe kA barAmadA hai| kamare kA pharza eka takiyA kI taraha hai| isakI chata unnatodara hai, lekina kamare kA saMpUrNa pharza khuda gayA hai| isake sthAna para Adhunika bhavananirmANa sAmagrI se kArya kiyA gayA hai| daravAje sahita sAmane kI dIvAla, khulI madhyavartI dIvAleM aura barAmadA kA pharza bhI jAna-bUjha kara naSTa karadiyA gayA hai| barAmadA kI bA~I dIvAla meM kapa alamArI hai| yaha gumphA AyatAkAra aura prazasta hai| isa gumphA ke barAmade kI dIvAla ke donoM ora bAraha hAthoM vAlI dAhinI ora zAsana devI rohiNI ajitanAtha tIrthakara kI zAsana devI rohiNI aura bA~I ora AdinAtha kI zAsana devI cakrezvari vidyamAna hone ke kAraNa hI ukta gumphA bArahabhujI gumphA ke nAma se prasiddha hai| ukta donoM mUrtiyA~ zyAma pASANa se nirmita haiN| jaina dharma ke 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI kAle patthara kI pratimAyeM pIche kI bagala vAlI dIvAla meM 25 sthAnoM para utkIrNita haiN| tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI mUrti do bAra saMsthApita kI gaI hai| baoNI dIvAlapara pAMca pIche kI dIvAlapara 18 aura dAhinI dIvAla para 2 mUrtiyA~ vidyamAna haiM / 25 mUrtiyA~ yogAsana meM Saina zAsana devI cakrezvarI 107

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haiN| pIche kI dIvAla para utkIrNata pArzvanAtha kI eka mUrti kAyotsarga avasthA meM bhI hai| sabhI tIrthakara apane-apane cinha ke sAtha tathA dulate camara, kevala vRkSa, ur3atI AkRtiyA~ aura divya saMgIta sahita utkIrNita kI gaI haiN| ukta sabhI tIrthaMkaroM kI 24 zAsana deviyAM una tIrthaMkaroM ke nIce paryakAMzana meM sthita haiN| ina meM se zAMtinAtha kI zAsana devI mahAmAnasI pairoM ko Ara-pAra kiye hue baiThI hai| munisuvrata tIrthaMkara kI zAsana devI bahurUpaNI leTI huI hai| zeSa zAsana deviyAM pairoM para virAjamAna hai| cauthI, 16vIM, 22vIM aura 23vIM zAsana deviyA~ nIce apane apane vAhana jAnavAroM para baiThI huI haiN| hAthoM ke pratIka kSatigrasta ho yuke haiN| jainataroM ne anadhikRta kabjA kara cakrezvarI aura rohiNI devI ko kapar3A pahinA kara unako kAlI aura durgA ke rUpa meM pUjate aura pujavAte haiN| kAyotsarga pArzvanAtha kI mUrti ko kapar3A pahinAkara unheM viSNu kaha kara mithyA pracAra kara rahe haiN| barAmade ke bAhara yajJakuNDa aura hanumAna kI mUrti banA lI hai| barAmadA ke Age pahale TIna kA chappara thA lekina ava chata kI adhUrI DhalAI para roka lagA dI gaI hai| bArahabhujI gumphA kA nirmANa eka maMdira ke rUpa meM huA thA yahA~ pahale zradhAlu bhakti pUjA-pATha kiyA karate the| lekina samprati ve apane parama pUjya ArAdhya tIrthaMkaroM ke darzana bhI nahIM kara sakate hai| 9. mahAvIra gumphA : - pUrvokta gumphAoM kI taraha isa gumphA kA nirmANa bhI zramaNoM ke AvAsa ke udezya se kiyA gayA thaa| kAlAntara meM ise pUjA gRha yA maMdira ke rUpa meM parivartita kara diyA gyaa| isa gumphA ko TIMIDIOMATO Idel trizUla aura satakhabarA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| isake nAmakaraNa ke saMbaMdha meM koI tArkika AdhAra mahAvIra guphA meM sUmatinAtha evaM padmaprabha tIrthaMkara ROBRUNG 108

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upalabdha nahIM hai| cUMki isa meM utkIrNita tIrthaMkaroM meM aMtima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA dharma zAsana calarahA hai aura unakA dharma cakra prarvatana bhI yahA~ huA thA, isalie ise mahAvIra gumphA kahanA sArthaka hai| TI.ena. rAmacandra aura bAbU choTelAla jaina kI mAnyatA hai ki isa mahAvIra guphA meM saMbhavanAtha aura abhinandananAtha gumphA ke barAmade meM eka ardha nirmita trizUla kI AkRtikkiAraNa isakA nAmakaraNa trizUla gumphA huA hai| dinI isa gumphA ke andara eka bRhada prakoSTha hai| isa prakoSTha ke sAmane eka barAmadA hai| kamare kI chata sAmAnyata: samatala hai| pharza pIche se uThA huA hai| pharza khuda gayA thA, bAda meM navInI karaNa kiyA gayA hai| sAmane kI mUla dIvAla prArambha meM daravAje sahita khaMDita ho gaI thii| aba use ka~krITa se marammata kara badala diyA gayA hai, lekina isakA stambha mUla rUpa meM hai| mahAvIra guphA meM zItalanAtha tIrthaMkara kamare ke tIna ora paMktibaddha caubIsa tIrthakaroM kI digambara mUrtiyA~ utkIrNita haiN| pUrAtattva-vettAoM ne isa guMphA kI mUrtiyoM ko bArahabhUjI kI mUrtiyoM kI apekSA arvAcIna mAnA hai| unakI POST yaha mAnyatA hai ki kalA kI dRSTi se isa gumphA kI mUrtiyA~ I.san. 15 vIM supArzvanAtha, candraprabha aura anantanAtha tIrthaMkara zadI ke pahale kI nahIM haiN| 109

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alien mAta pIche kI dIvAra ke khuradare madhyavartI sthAna para tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke pahale pArzvanAtha kI mUrti sthita hai| ukta 24 tIrthakaroM me se ATha tIrthakaroM kI mUrtiyA~ patthara ko kATakara khar3agAsana tathA kAyotsarga meM utkIrNita kI gaI haiN| zeSa padmAsana meM haiN| khar3agAsana mUrtiyoM meM AdinAtha tIrthakara tra-SabhanAtha kI mUrti saba se bar3I hai| kamare ke pIche kI dIvAla ke pAsa kArIgarI dvArA eka prakAra ke rAsAyanika mizraNa se badalI gaI tra-Sabhadeva kI tIna kAyotsarga pratimAyoM kI zilpa kArIgarI apekSAkRta acchI hai| ina tInoM ke sira choTA kara vikRta kara diyA gayA hai| 10. ambikA gumphA : mahAvIra gumphA se bAMI ora se tirachA tathA golAkAra jAne para krUratA pUrvaka tor3a kara naSTa kI gaI aneka guMphAoM meM se kevala ve hI gumphAe~ zeSa bacI rahIM; jo atyadhika U~cAI vidyamAna thiiN| ambikA gumphA bhI una meM se eka hai| ise kATakara samatala banAyA A Adi tIrthaMkara tra-SabhanAtha ARTHATANTRA kavi ambikA guphA meM utkIrNita tra-Sabhadeva aura ambikA dAvA 110

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gayA hai| isake pIche kI dIvAla para atyadhika U~cAI para tIna mUrtiyA~ utkIrNita hai| una meM se do tra-SabhanAtha bhagavAna kI hai aura eka tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI zAsana devI AmrA kI hai| anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki AmrA yA ambikA devI kI mUrti ke kAraNa hI logoM ne isa gumphA kA nAma amvikA guMphA rakhA hai| ina nakkAsI yukta mUrtiyoM aura vibhAjaka dIvAla ke aMzoM ke alAvA aba aura kucha bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hotA hai| ukta mUrtiyoM kI kalA ke AdhAra para vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki ukta gumphA kA nirmANa I.san. 8vIM9vIM zatAbdI meM huA hogaa| tra-SabhadevakI donoM mUrtiyA~ kAyotsarga aura khar3agAsana avasthA meM haiN| tIrthakara tra-SabhanAtha kI donoM mUrtiyA~ paMkhuDIdAra kamala kI caukI (pAda pITha) para digambara avasthA meM khar3I haiN| una mUrtiyoM ke nIce unake cinha vRSabha bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai| unake bAjU meM donoM ora aSTAgraha ca~vara r3hone vAle mAlA pahane ur3atI huI AkRtiyAM sira para kaMpAyamAna tIna chatra, maMjIre aura Dhola bajAte hue adarzanIya hAtha aura caitya vRkSa haiN| unake ulajhe hue gucchedAra arthAt dhuMgharAle bAloM se unakA sira suzobhita hotA hai| unake zira ke pIche bhAmaMDala dRSTi gocara hotA hai| Amra yA Ama ke phaloM se yukta Ama ke vRkSa ke nIce tribhaMgimAkAra meM AmrA (ambikA)yakSiNI kI mUrti khar3I huI AMzika dRSTigocara hotI hai| mUrti bAMyI se kucha TUTI huI hai, lekina muMha-maMDala aura sirobhUSaNa abhagna hai| unake tIrthakara neminAtha bhI yogAsana meM unake per3a ke upara virAjamAna haiN| unake dAhine hAtha kI ora eka lar3akA bhI khar3A hai| 11. lalATendu kezarI gumphA : ___ ambikA gumphA se kucha aura dakSiNa kI ora jAne para lalATendu kezarI gumphA dRSTigocara hotI hai| isa gumphA meM do kamare aura gumphA sAmane eka barAmadA thA, jo aba saba vinaSTa ho gayA hai| isa guMphA ke najadIka ke pahAr3a ko bhI kATa diyA gayA hai| dIvAra kA avaziSTa bhAga Upara caTTAna para cipakA huA pratIta hotA hai| khaMbhe, dIvAle aura pharza nIva caTTAna ke sAtha khoda DAle gaye hai| donoM kamaroM kI chateM samatala thiiN| 111

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/ / / OM / / Via lalATendu guphA meM utkIrNita tIrthaMkara tra-Sabhadeva aura pArzvanAtha guphA ke andara kI pichalI aura bAMyI ora ke kamare kI bA~yI dIvAla para pAMca mUrtiyAM hai| una meM se do tIrthaMkara tra-SabhanAtha kI tIna pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga avasthA meM khar3I mUrtiyA~ vidyamAna hai| isI prakAra dAhinI ora ke kamare meM bhI 3 mUrtiyA~ haiN| una meM se do pArzvanAtha kI aura eka tra-SabhanAtha kI mUrtiyA~ hai| usake alAvA eka AlA khAlI hai| usa se pratIta hotA hai ki yahA~ bhI kisI tIrthaMkara kI mUrti rahI hogI, jise khodakara apaharaNa karaliyA gayA hai| dAhinI koThI ke pIche kI ora bAMI tathA tra-SabhanAtha kI pratimA ke Upara I.san 1045 ke somavaMzI rAjA udyota kesarI ke rAjatva ke pAMcaveM varSa kA nimnAMkita prAkRta mizrita saMskRta meM zilAlekha milatA hai| OM zrI udyota kezarI vijayarAjya samvat 5 zrI kumAra pavvata sthAne jinna vApi jinna isaNa udyotita tasmina navyA sthAne caturvisati tIrthaMkara sthApita mAsika pati 112

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pratiSThA kAle hari opa jasanaMdika zrI pArasyanAthasya kamma khayaH / isase jJAta hotA hai ki rAjA udyota kezarI ne apane rAjA hone ke 5veM varSa meM kumAra parvata (khaMDagiri) ke jIrNa-zIrNa jalakuNDa evaM tAlAvoM kI marammata karavAI thI aura 24 tIrthakaroM kI pratimAoM kI sthApanA karavAI thii| yazanandi jaunAcArya pUjA karane kelie rakhe gaye the| ukta zilAlekha meM isa bAta kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai ki 24 tIrthakaroM . kI sthApanA kahA~ kI gaI thI anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki yA to isI gumphA meM ukta tIrthaMkaroM kI sthApanA huI hogI yA anya gumphAoM meM sthApanA kara vAI gaI hogii| isa se prakaTa hotA hai ki I.sana 11 vIM zatAbdI taka kaliMga meM jainadharma janadharma kI rUpa meM mAnya thaa| usa samaya tIrthakaroM kI pUjA ke lie gumphAoM aura maMdiro kA nirmANa karAyA~ jAtA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki khaMDagiri meM maMdiroM ke khaMDahara, Amala kI zilA aura zikhara idhara-udhara cAroM ora vikhare par3e hue haiM / isa guMphA ke Asa-pAsa AkAzagaMgA, guptagaMgA, zyAma kuNDa aura rAdhAkuNDa jalAzaya abhI bhI vidyamAna hai| 12. bhagna gumphA:(rAdhA kuNDa ke samIpa) - bahuta gahare rAdhAkuNDa nAmaka jalAzaya ke samIpa eka gumphA thii| isa gumphA meM mUla rUpa se do koThiyA~ aura madha meM eka vibhAjaka dIvAla thii| chata aura sAmane ke bagala kI dIvAra, daravAjoM sahita barAmadA Adi sabhI pUrNa rUpa se naSTa ho gaye haiN| pIche kI dIvAla ke najadIka do koThiyoM ko alaga-alaga karane vAlI madhyavartI dIvAla kA bhAga abhI bhI vidyamAna hai| usa meM pahale cAra stambhoM para AdhArita barAmadA ke hone ke bhI pramANa milate haiM, jo aba naSTa ho gayA he| kamaroM kA pharza pIche se uThA huA thaa| chata samatala thii| yahA~ para kisI tIrthakara ke utkIrNita hone kA koI pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai| 113

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13. jIrNa-zIrNa gumphA : (rAdhAkuNDa se Age) rAdhA kuNDa se thor3A Age jAne para eka bhagna guMphA dRSTigocara hotI hai| isa gumphA ke Antarika bhAga meM eka bRhada arthAta-bahuta bar3A (lambA-caur3A) prakoSTha hai| isa meM do koThiyA~ haiM aura isake sAmane beMcoM se yukta kamarA hai| ukta donoM koThiyA~ AkAra meM nizcita rUpa se vistRta haiN| unakI chata, vibhAjaka dIvAra sAmane kA khulA bhAga aura madhyavartI dIvAra sahita aba saba naSTa ho gayA hai| sAmane bAlA barAmadA bhI samApta ho gayA hai| barAmadA kI chata ko sahArA dene vAle eka sAtha cAra stambha aura pArzvavartI ghanAkRti vAle stambha the| ko ThiyoM ke pharza pIche se uThe hue hai aura chata samatala hai| 14. ekAdazI gumphA : yaha bahuta bar3A AvAsIya kamarA vAlI guMphA hai| jisakI chata kA vahirviSTha bhAga ke alavA khambhe sahita bAhArI bhAga naSTa ho gayA hai| chata sAmAnma aura pharza pIche se uThA huA thaa| 15. guptazaMgA ke sannikaTa gumphA : pahAr3I ke vRttAkAra ke rUpa meM ghUmane para kucha dUra calane para pazcima kI ora pahAr3I kI talahaTI ke sanikaTa do saMkarI caTTAnoM ke madhya meM eka kuNDa hai| isa meM pAnI ke Ane kA rAstA dRSTigocara nahIM hotA hai| sthAnIya logoM kA kahanA hai ki dono hAthoM se tAlI bajAne para pAnI svata: nikalane lagatA hai| yahA~ eka choTI gumphA vidyamAna hai| yaha sAmane se khulI hai| gumphA kA pazcimI mukhI kamare kA pharsa pIche se uThA huA hai evaM takiyA ke samAna hai| isakI chata samatala hai| yaha gumphA jaMgalI jAnavaroM ke rahane kA aDDA bana gaI hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yahA~ sAdhaka dhyAna-sAdhanA karate the| udayagiri aura khaNDagiri kI guphAoM meM jainadharma ke tattva : udayagiri aura khaNDagiri yugbha pahAr3iyoM para guphAoM ke nirmANa kA uddezya jaina zramaNoM ko sukha-suvidhA pahu~cAnA thaa| jaina arhata arthAt zramaNa barSAvAsa meM eka sthAna 114

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para rahate haiN| zeSa dinoM meM ve vihAra karate rahate haiN| varSAvAsa meM una ko, japa-tapa, sAmAyika, svAdhyAya Adi saMyamita AcaraNa pUrNa sAdhanA nirvAdha pUrvaka sampanna ho aura una ko kisI prakAra kA kheda na ho, isa mAMgalika dRSTi se zramaNopAsaka, aNuvratI aura dhArmika rAjA khAravela aura una ke uttarAdhikAriyoM ne ukta jur3avA pahAr3iyoM para guMphAoM kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki carcita guphAyeM sAkSa hote hue bhI zAMti pradAyaka aura tyAgioM-tapasyioM ke vizrAma tathA dhArmika anuSThAna ke yogya haiN| ina bhavya guMphAoM kA aneka sadiyoM (I.pU.2rI zatAbdI ke aMtima samaya se I.san 16 vIM zatAbdI) taka avazya hI jaina sAdhuoM ne upayoga kiyaa| jaina dharma mokSamUlaka dharma hai| mokSa kI prApti yA mokSa kI sAdhanA meM maMdira-mUrti Adi upakAraka sAdhana haiN| unake maMdira mUrti Adi prAya: ghanaghora jaMgaloM se yukta pahADiyoM para yA unake DhalAna meM huA karate the| hAthI gumphA zilAlekha meM udayagiri aura khaNDagiri kI pahAr3iyoM para eka ora stUpa yA zarIrAvazeSa yA niSidhikAoM kI pUjA karane kA ullekha hai| vahIM mUrti pUjA karane kI prathA kA sazakta ullekha huA hai| jo AkAravAna hotA hai aura jise sparzana, cakSu Adi indriyoM ke dvArA jAnA jAtA hai, vaha mUrti hai| hAthI gumphA ke zilAlekha meM kaliMgajina kI mUrti ko padmarAjAnanda dvArA le jAne kI carcA se siddha hai ki nanda rAjA ke bahuta pUrva se jainadharma meM mUrti pUjA kI prathA thii| sambhavata: I.pU5 vIM zatAbdI meM jainadharma meM mUrti pUjanA prArambha ho gayA hogaa| yadyapi usa samaya pracura mAtrA meM mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa nahIM huA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki 7vIM zatAbdI se pUrva kI prAcIna mUrtiyAM ur3IsA ke jainasthAloM para abhItaka upalabdha nahIM ho sakI haiN| caitya vRkSa kI pUjAH khaMDagiri aura udayagiri kI guphAoM kI kramaza: ananta guMphA aura jayavijaya gumphAoM se jJAta hotA hai ki jaina dharma meM caitya vRkSoM kI pUjA kI prathA mUrti pUjA ke pahale thii| caitya vRkSa bhI eka prakAra kI mUrti hai, kyoM ki una meM AkAra hotA hai| caitya vRkSa jina pratimAoM ke AdhAra bhUta hote haiM isalie pUjya haiN| ye vRkSa vanaspati kAyika nahIM balki pRthvI kAyika hote haiN| tiloya paNNatti meM kahA gayA hai ki 115

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jina vRkSo ke nIce tIrthaMkaroM ko kevala jJAna prApta huA ve azoka vRkSa kahalAte haiN| azoka vRkSa arthAta zoka rahita yA Ananda dAyaka 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke 24 azoka vRkSa haiN| nyagrodha, saptaparNa, sAla, saraja, priyaMgu, zirISa, nAga vRkSa akSa, baheNA, dhUlipalAza, teMdU, pATala, jambu, pIpala, dadhiparNa nandI, tilaka, Amra, kaMkeli, azoka, campaka, vakula, meSazRGga, dhakaaura shaal| ye azoka bhI arcanIya aura pUjanIya haiN| ananta gumphA aura jayavijaya guMphA meM kaivalya vRkSa kI pUjA dRzya utkIrNita kiye gaye hai| zradhAlu mahilAyeM pUjA kI sAmagrI thAlI meM lie huai hai aura puruSa hAtha jor3e hue hai| isI prakAra ananta guMphA meM rAjA-rAnI vRkSa kI pUjA karate hue utkIrNita kiye gaye haiN| viziSTa cinhoM kI pUjA : prAcIna kAla meM jaina dharma meM viziSTa cinhoM kI pUjA huA karatI thii| khaMDagiri aura udayagiri kI guMphAe~ isakA pramANa haiN| hAthI gumphA zilAlekha, ananta gumphA, Adi katipaya gumphAoM meM vaddha maMgala, svattika, naMdipada zrIvatsa, zrI vRkSa triratna mAMgalika cinha utkIrNita hone se siddha hotA hai ki ina cihoM kI pUjA karane kA vidhAna jainadharma meM thaa| kyoM ki ArAdhaka ko ArAdhanA karane ke lie Alambana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| tIrthaMkaroM kI pUjAH ___ yugma pahAr3ioM meM utkIrNita tIrthaMkara kI mUrtiyoM se siddha hotA hai ki yahA~ para tIrthaMkaroM kI pUjA hotI rhii| khaMNDagiri kI navamuni gumphA meM sAta tIrthaMkaroM kI bArahabhUjA gumphA meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM aura mahAvIra gumphA meM 24 tIrthakaroM ko unake viziSTha cinhoM aura zAsana deviyoM ke utkIrNita kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra ambikA gumphA meM do tIrthaMkara tra-SabhanAtha aura amvikA kI, lalATendu gumpha, ananta gumphA, aura gaNeza gumphA meM kramaza: khaNDagAsana aura padmAsana arhatoM kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNita kI gaI haiN| isase siddha hai ki ina gumphAoM meM jaina vidhi se pUjA vidhAna mahotsava hotA rhaa| 116

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solahasvapnaH jaina dharma kI mAnyatAnusAra pratyeka tIrthaMkara kI mAtA; tIrthaMkara ke garbha meM Ane ke pahale solaha zubha svapna dekhatI haiN| 1. sundara caturdAtovAlA hAthI; 2. sapheda baila, 3. kAMtivAna siMha, 4. manohara lakSmI 5. sugaMdhita do mAlAyeM, 6. pUrNa candramA, 7. dedIpyamAna sUrya, 8. kamaloM se Dhake hue do suvarNa kalaza, 9. kamaloM se yukta sarovara, 10. mInoM (matsya) kA joDA, 11. caMcala samudra, 12. sundara suvarNa kA siMhAsana, 13. svarga 14. nAgendra kA bhavana, 15. ratnoM kI rAzi aura 16. nidhUrma agni| ina solaha svapnoM ko zubha sUcaka mAna kara guMphAoM meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| jisase jaina dharmatva evaM saMskRti prakaTa hotI hai| ___ ananta gumphA aura alakApurI ke barAmade ke brekeTa para cAra dA~to vAlA hAthI utkrIrNita kiyA gayA hai| ananta gamphA kI bAMI ora ke daravAje ke bagala meM utkIrNita sundara hAthI kI do hathiniyA~ sUMDha meM kamala lekara pUjA karatI huI pratIta hotI haiN| ukta dRzya jaina dharmatva ko prakaTa karane ke lie utkIrNita kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra udayagiri kI alakApUrI nAmaka gumphA meM vizAlakAya caturdantI do hastiyoM ke madhya meM utkIrNita kiyA gayA haiN| eka hathinI caMvara dulA rahI hai aura dUsarI chatra sUMr3ha meM lekara hAthI ke Atapa kA nivAraNa kara rahI hai| ina dRzyoM ke dvArA jainadharma kI saMskRti prakaTa hotI hai| sundara baila yA vRSabha tathA manohara siMhoM ke dRzya adhikAMza guphAoM meM dekhane ko milate haiM, jo jainadharmatva ke pratIka hai| baila AdinAtha kA cinha haiM aura siMha tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA hai| ___ ananta gumphA meM eka kamala yukta sarovara meM sundara lakSmI kA dRzya hai, jisakA abhiSeka kamala yukta hAthI kara rahe haiN| yaha dRzya jainatva aura jaina saMskRti kA pratIka haiN| isI prakAra mAlAoM ko bhI liye hue gandharvo ko vizeSa kara rAnI gumphA Adi ananta gumphAoM meM dikhalAyA gayA hai| . tAttovA gumphA meM sUrya aura candramA ke AkAra andara kI pichalI dIvAla para utkIrNita jainadharma saMskRti ko prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra ananta gumphA meM bhI 117

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eka ratha para sUrya-candramA ko bhI utakIrNita kiyA gayA hai jo jainadharma saMskRti ke pratIka hai| ___isI gumphA meM dhAtu nirmita ghaTa aura patAkAe~ dAhine kone para dRSTi gocara hotI hai| bAMI ora bhI baunA ko pAnI se bhare ghaDe aura vainara lie hue aMkita kara svapna svarUpa maMgala kalaza ke sAtha saMgati baiThAI gaI hai| rAnI gumphA meM maMgala kalaza liye saibhAgyavatI mahilAoM ko prakaTa kiyA gayA haiN| __ ananta gumphA meM cAra ghor3e vAle ratha kA utkIrNita honA jainadharma saMskRti kA pratIka hai| jainadharma kI mAnyatA hai ki sUrya bhI apane vimAna meM rahatA hai| svarga ke sabhI devoM kA apanA-apanA vimAna hotA hai| mahAvIra kI mA ne svapna meM vimAna dekhA thaa| ata: ukta ratha jainadharma saMskRti kA pratIka hai| ena.ke.sAhu bhI mAnA hai| Ara.pI.mahApAtra ne bhI jaina monumenTasa (199) me kahA hai: The Jainas use the Viman in the sence of celestiol abode. isI prakAra kamala yukta sarovara bhI anaMta gumphA meM citrita kara jaina dharmatva ko prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| jagannAtha gumphA meM machaliyoM ke jor3e bhI utkIrNita kara jainadharma meM mAnya zubha svapna ko prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra anya svapna bhI vibhinna guphAoM meM utkIrNita karane se spaSTa hai ki khaNDagiri-udayagiri meM jainadharma-saMskRti pracura mAtrA meM vidyamAna hai| aSTa maMgala dravya ke rUpa meM jainatva: ___ jainadharma kI donoM paramparAoM meM bhRgAra, kalaza, darpaNa, ba~vara, dhvajA, vIjanA(paMkhA), chatra aura supratiSThita jainadharma meM ye ATha maMgala prasiddha hai| ina aSTa maMgaloM kI pUjA Aja bhI dhArmika anuSThAna ke samaya hotI haiN| ina meM se adhikAMza mAMgalika dravyoM ko khaMDagiri kI ananta gumphA alakA pUrI meM kalazadhvajA caMvara chatra Adi ko dikhalAyA gayA hai| aSTa prAtihArya ke rUpa meM guphAoM meM jainatva : jainadharma meM arhanta ke 46 guNoM meM ATha prAtihArya rUpa guNa batalAye gaye haiN| azoka vRkSa, tIna chatra, ratna jaDita siMhAsana, bhaktagaNoM se veSTita rahanA dvandubhI vAdana, 118

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puSpa vRSTi, prabhAmaMDala aura causaTha cmryukttaa| khaMDagiri aura udayagiri kI guphAoM meM aSTa prAtihAroM meM se ekAdhika ko prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| lekina bAraha bhujI guMphA, mahAvIra guMphA, ambikA guphA Adi meM utkIrNita tIrthaMkaroM ke agala bagala meM aSTa pratihAroM ko utkIrNita kiyA gayA hai| ahiMsA kI pradhAnatAH ahiMsA jainadharma kA mUlAdhAra hai| isa dharma meM ekendriya jIvoM, pRthavI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati rUpa pAMca sthAvaroM ko aura do indriya jIvoM se lekara pAMca indriya taka ke jIvoM ko citrita kiyA gayA hai| isa se hiMsA kA nirodha kiyA gayA hai| hiMsA nhIM karanA aMhisA hai dUsare zabdoM meM jIvoM kA saMrakSaNa karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| khaMDagiri aura udayagiri meM phala, phUla, latA, peDa-paudhe Adi vanaspati ko utkIrNita kara unake saMrakSaNa kI preraNA dI gaI hai| prAya: sabhI guMphAoM meM unheM pradarzita kara kevala guMphAoM ko alaMkRta nahIM kiyA gayA hai, balki usa meM ahiMsA kI bhAvanA nihatArtha hai| isI prakAra totA pAMDuka Adi pakSiyoM, siMha, baila, hirana, sarpa, baMdara, hAthI, bAgha Adi jAnavaroM ko citrita kara inake saMrakSaNa evaM saMvardhana kI preraNA de kara ahiMsA kA pracAra kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai kI ukta pahAr3iyoM meM jainadharma - saMskRti ko paryApta rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 119

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khaMDagirikAcoTI para sthita jaina maMdira : khaMDagiri pahAr3I kI sarvocca coTI para pAMca Adhunika jaina maMdira bane hue hai| yahA~ pahu~cane ke liye cAra rAste haiN| pahalA Ananda guMphA se jAyA jA sakatA hai| dUsarA khaNDagiri guMphA naM.5 ke dAhanI ora se U~cI caTTAnoM kI sIr3hiyoM se car3ha kara pahu~cA jA sakatA hai| tIsarA bArahabhujI guMphA kI duSkara car3hAI se sIr3hiyoM se car3hakara aura cauthA zyAma kuNDa kI ora se car3ha kara ukta coTI para paMhucA jA sakatA hai| ukta pAMca maMndira nimnAMkita haiN| 1. AdinAtha maMdira 2. zItala maMdira 3. pArzvanAtha maMdira 4. pArzvanAtha maMdira 5. paMcamUrti maMdira AdinAtha maMdira : isa maMdira kA nirmANa lagabhaga 200 varSa pUrva 18 vIM zatAbdI meM kaTaka nivAsI tathA digAmbara jaina dharma AmnAya ke anuyAyI zrI maMju caudharI aura una ke bhatIje dAdu bhavAnI caudharI vyApArI ne karAyA thaa| jaina maMdira ke sAmAnya niyamAnusAra yaha var3e bhavya sundara sthAna para nirmita kiyA gayA hai| khaMDagiri kI coTI para bane pAMca maMdiroM meM yaha saba se bar3A aura pramukha maMdira hai| yaha 27 barga phITa lambA-cauDA kSetra vAlA aura 25 phITa U~cA hai| maMdira ke sAmane 50 varga phITa lambI-cauDI sundara chata hai| chata ke maMdira ke uttara meM isa mukhya maMdira ke agala- bagala meM choTe-choTe maMdira haiN| sampUrNa maMdira sapheda saMgamaramara kA banA hai| tra-Sabhadeva maMdira meM tIna vedikAe~ haiN| (ka) tIrthaMkara AdinAtha vedI, (kha) bha.mahAvIra vedI, (ga) bha.kaliMga jina vedI /

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(ka) tIrthaMkara AdinAtha vedI: PMCUP isa vedI ke garbhagraha arthAt maMdira ke andara vAle bhAga meM eka cabUtarA hai| isa vedI ke mUla nAyaka baluA patthara se nirmita AdinAtha tra-Sabhadeva haiN| tra-Sabhadeva madhya meM sapheda saMgamaramara ke padmAsana aura dhyAnAvasthA meM kamalAsana caukI para virAjamAna hai| netra jhuke aura dhuMgharAle bAla kaMpAyamAna chatra aura kAna lambe hai| madhyastha AdinAtha tIrthakara ke donoM ora kula milAkara 16 choTI-choTI klorAITa patthara kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| bAMI ora 10 aura dAhinI ora 16 mUrtiyA~ maMdira se bhI adhika prAcIna haiN| saba milAkara 24 mulanAyaka AdinAtha ke mUrtiyA~ isa madira meM vidyamAna hai| AdinAtha kI bAI ora khar3agAsana avasthA meM pahalI mUrti AdinAtha kI hai| inakA cinha bhI hai, do caMvara dhArI nIce khar3e hai| donoM ora do-do mUrtiyA~ haiN| bAI ora saMbhavanAtha aura zAntinAtha evaM dAhinI ora abhinandana nAtha aura ajitanAtha tIrthakara haiN| isake pazcAt dodo AdinAtha kI aura mUrtiyA~ hai| tIsare nambara kI AdinAtha mUrti aSTAgraha se bhI yukta hai| isake alAvA sumati nAtha tIrthaMkara kI bhI eka mUrti hai| usI prakAra dAhinI ora AdinAtha tIrthakara kI klorAITa khaDagAsana mUrti sabhI mUrtiyoM kI apekSA bar3I hai| dAhinI ora ambikA zAsana devI adhikAMza mUrtiyA~ AdinAtha tIrthaMkara aura eka 121

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neminAtha tIrthaMkara aura unakI zAsana devI caukI para virAjamAna hai| ambikA gomeda ke sAtha SISTE (kha) bhagavAn mahAvIra vedI uttarI ora ke daravAje se praveza karate hI, bAMI ora saMgamaramara kI kalAtmaka vedI bha. mahAvIra vedI kahalAtI hai / isa vedI ke mUlanAyaka mahAvIra tIrthaMkara haiN| ina ke alAvA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke bAI ora tIrthaMkara candraprabha aura dAhinI ora tIrthaMkara zAMtinAtha kI mUrti virAjamAna haiN| isa vedI kI tInoM tIrthaMkara kI pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara kI haiN| sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke sira ke Upara 3 chatra suzobhita hote haiN| sabhI mUrtiyA~ bahuta sundara DhaMga se pradarzita kI gaI haiN| isake alAvA bAMI ora ke Ale (jaMgalA) meM ambAkA aura gomeda kA jor3A Ama ke vRkSa ke nIce baiThA hai| usa peDa ke Upara dharma cakra pravartita karate hue naminAtha tIrthaMkara pratIta hote haiN| dAhinI ora ke jaMgalA meM cakrezvarI kI mUrti bahuta sundara hai| eka paira mor3akara aura eka paira nIce laTakAye hue eka The o 122 mUrtiyA~ paryyakAsana meM dhyAnastha rUpa meM virAjamAna hai| tInoM mUrtiyoM sapheda saMgamaramara se nirmita haiN| dIpAbalI ke avasara para samasta jaina samAja mila kara bhagavAn mahAvira kA nirvANotsava manAte hai| isa khuzI meM laDDU car3hAte haiM aura dIpa jalAte haiN| ki e

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| 200 ARMATHARU88095 (ga) bhagavAnkaliMga jina vedI: mahAvIra vedI ke dAhinI ora zyAma raMga kI kAyotsarga ke rUpa meM tIrthakara tra-Samadeva kI mUrti eka khule jaMgalA meM virAjamAna hai| inheM kaliMga jina kahA jAtA hai| lekina ve vahI kaliMga jina nahIM hai jise bhagadhA dhipati nanda rAjA le gayA thA aura jise khAravela kaligAdhipati chIna kara vApasa lAye the| isa mUrti ke donoM ora 12-12 tIrthakara arthAt cauvIsI utkIrNita hai| inake caraNoM ke samIpa yakSa-yakSiNI vidyamAna RameRANTARNA NRNAL 2. bhagavAn zItalanAtha maMdira : STFBFmA yaha mukhya maMdira kI bAMI ora choTA maMdira hai| isa meM tIna mUrtiyA~ yogA sana meM kamalAkAra caukI para virAjamAna haiN| madhya meM svastika cinha vAle 10veM tIrthaMkara zItalanAtha mUla nAyaka kI mUrti virAjamAna hai| jo donoM ora sthita zAMtinAtha tIrthakara kI mUrtiyoM se apekSAkRta bar3I hai| tInoM mUrtiyAM sapheda saMgamaramara kI haiN| isa maMdira meM 24 tIrthakaro ke caraNa bhI nirmita hai| BAR ASIA Janama tokGAR Pos 123

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3. bhagavAn pArzvanAtha maMdira (purAnA) : zItala nAtha maMdira ke bAMI ora tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA maMdira hai / isa meM pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga rUpa meM khaDgAsana mUrti zyAma saMgamaramara kI hai / yaha lagabhaga 8 phITa U~cI hai| isakI sthApanA vaizAkha zukla sambat2007 aura 20 apraila 1950 meM huI -thii| isake bAMI ora dharaNendra aura dAhinI ora padmAvatI khar3I huI haiN| donoM ke sira ke Upara choTe-choTe pArzanAtha kI mUrtiyA~ bhI dRSTigocara hotI haiN| mUrti ke donoM ora turahI vAdaka aura caMvaradhArI khar3e hue haiN| 4. bhagavAn pArzvanAtha maMdira (nayA) : yaha maMdira isa ke pUrva ke pArzvanAtha maMdira kI apekSA bar3A hai| isa maMdira ke mUla nAyaka 23 veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha haiN| isa ke alAbA cAra aura tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / 124

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mUlanAyaka ke bAI ora kramaza: candraprabha aura parzvanAtha kI ora dAhinI ora dono mUrtiyA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke hai| ve cAro mUrtiyA~ yogAsana meM kamalAkAra caiki para virAjamAna haiN| yogAsanastha pArzvanAtha kI mUrti zyAma varNa kI candraprabha kI aura eka mahAvIra kI haiN| sapheda raMga ke saMgamaramara kI aura eka bAdAmI raMga ke saMgamaramara kI hai| mUlanAyaka pArzvanAtha eka kAlI raMga kI caukI para kAyotsarga rUpa meM khar3e hai| 9phaNa vAlA sarpa ina ke caraNoM se le kara pUrI mUrti se lipaTA huA unake mastaka para chatra kI taraha faNa phailAe hue mUrti ko camatkArI banA rahA hai| sabhI tIrthakara ke cinha nIce banehue haiN| yaha navIna maMdira vi.saM.2044 vI.ni. 2524 meM nirmita huA thaa| IsI maMdira meM do vedIyoM para 500 siddha hone vAle mUniyoM ke caraNa nirmita haiN| 5. paMcamUrti maMdira : . paMcamUrti maMdira Adi maMdira kI dAhinI ora bahuta choTA maMdira hai, jisa meM 5 tIrthakaroM kI mUrtiyA~ virAjamAna haiN| isa ke mUlanAyaka AdinAtha prathama tIrthakara bhI khaDagAhana kAyotsarga rUpa meM haiN| donoM ora aSTagraha utkIrNita hai| inakA cinha vRSabha bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai| yaha mUrti zyAma varNa ke pASaNa se nirmita hai| ina ke agala-bagala meM ca~varadhArI bhI khar3e haiN| ina ke bAMI ora se do mUrtiyAM AdinAtha tIrthaMkara kAyotsarga meM khaDgAsana avasthA meM vidyamAna hai yaha mUrti bIca ke AdinAtha kI apekSA choTI hai| m NE A Page / are ARUN Jammation Hane KHES HAMANANEHA 125

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dAhinI ora sarvaprathama pArzanAtha bhagabAn kI kAryatsarga rUpa meM khar3I pratimA bAMdAmI raMga ke pASANa se nirmita hai / 7 phaNa bAlA sarpa mastaka para phaNa phailAye hue hai| caMvara dhArI nIce khar3e hue haiN| unake bagala meM tra- Samadeva kI mukaTa dhAraNa se hue eka mUrti hai| isa maMdira 4 mukuTa yukta AdinAtha kI aura eka pArzvanAtha kI isa prakAra kula 5 mUrtiyAM haiM / isa maMdira kI sabhI mUrtiyA~ digambara AmnAe kI haiN| khaMDagiri udayagiri atizaya tIrtha kSetra ke rUpa meM vikhyAta hai| AcArya kundakunda ke matAnusAra yazodhara rAjA ke pAMcasau putroM aura eka karoNa muniyoM ne yahA~ se nirvANa prApta kiyA thaa| nirvANa bhakti kI gAthA meM AcArya kunda kunda ne kahA bhI hai| jasahararAyassa suA paMcasayA kaliMgadesamma / koDasilA koDiNI NivvANagayA Namo tesiM / / + 126

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zrI digambara jaina maMdira evaM dharmazAlA : khaMDagiri aura udayagiri kI talahaTI ke samIpa meM eka bhavya digambara jaina maMdira vidyamAna hai| zrI baMgAla, bihAra aura ur3IsA digambara jaina tIrtha kSetra kameTI kA yahA~ kI kSetrIya kameTI para niyaMtraNa rahatA hai| svargIya zrI nihAlacandra jaina agravAla yahA~ ke sakriya maMtrI the| vartamAna meM zrI zAnti kumAra agravAla jaina, kaTaka sana1970 se kSetrIya maMtrI ke rUpa meM ukta kSetra kI sakriya rUpa meM sevA kara rahe haiN| san 1950 ke CAT Asually / / prArambha meM yahA~ eka choTA maMdira thaa| lekina aba 40 x 40 phITa vargaphITa meM bahuta sundara aura bhavya digambara jaina maMdira banA hai| yaha lagabhaga 45 phuTa U~cA hai| jisakI vedI aura pharza saMgamaramara kA hai| san 2005 meM nirmita nabina bhavya vedI para vibhinna tIrthakaroM kI 10 pratimAyeM haiN| isake alavA choTe-baDe vibhinna siddhi dAyaka yaMtra bhI tIrthakara kI pratimAoM ke pRSTha bhAga kI ora siMhAsanoM para rakhe hue haiM / vedI para pratiSThita mUrtiyoM ke madhya meM mUla nAyaka solahaveM tIrthaMkara zAMtinAtha pratiSThata haiN| sapheda saMgamaramara kI yaha mUrti padamAsana avasthA meM (dhyAna-mudrA meM) virAjamAna haiN| inakA cinha hirana bhI nIce vidyamAna hai| isa mUrti kI patiSThA vi.saM.2027 san 127

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1870 meM huI thI, aisA mUrti meM utkIrNita Alekha se jJAta hotA hai| yaha mUrti lagabhaga DhAI phITa U~cI hai| isa kI bAMI ora do mUrtiyA~ haiM / 2. bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI mUrti : cA~dI ke siMhAsana para cA~dI se nimarti isa mUrti kI sthApanA vi.saM. 2057 meM mAgha zukla 5vIM ko huI thI / 9 phaNa vAlI yaha pratimA bahuta bhavya hai / 3. bhagavAn AdinAtha : pItala kI dhAtu se nirmita isa pratimA kI pratiSThA vi.saM. 2007 arthAt 1950 meM huI thii| isa kI sthApanA vaizAkha zukla akSaya tRtIyA ko hui thii| dhyAna mudrA meM virAjamAna isa mUrti kA cinha pratimA ke nIce vidyamAna hai| isake pazcAt dUsarI paMkti meM mahAvIra svAmI kI pratImA hai| 4. bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI : isa kI sthApanA 2007 meM huI thii| yaha mUrti dhyAnAvasthA aura padmAsana meM virAjamAna hai| 5. caubIsI : pItala se nirmita isa phalakha meM 24 tIrthaMkara sthApita haiM / saba se Upara AdinAtha bhagavAn kI pratimA aura sabase nIce bhagavAn mahAvIra kI pratimA utkIrNita hai| tatpazcAt 5-5 kI do paMktiyoM meM phira 2-2 kI 3 paMktiyoM meM tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyAM jar3I huI haiM / yaha cauvIsI manamohaka aura kalApUrNa hai / 6. pArzvanAtha : zAntinAtha bhagavAn kI dAhinI ora pArzvanAtha kI mUrti dhyanAvasthA meM virAjamAna hai / isakI sthApanA vi.saM. 2057 meM mAgha mAha meM huI thii| yaha pratimA lagabhaga sAr3he sAta iMca U~cI hai / 9 phaNI sarpa kA cinha bhI hai / 128

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7. mahAvIra kI mUrti : yaha sapheda saMgamaramara se nirmita dhyAnAvasthA meM virAjamAna hai / vi.saM 2051 meM isa mUrti kI sthApanA hone kA ullekha prApta hai| inakA cinha siMha bhI utkIrNita hai / 8. zAMtinAtha : ina kI dAhinI ora kI dUsarI paMkti meM zAMtinAtha bhagavAn kI lagabhaga 5 iMca aura choTI mUrti hai jisakI sthApanA vi. saM 2007 meM huI thii| inakA cinha hirana bhI nIce utkIrNita hai| yaha mUrti bhI padmAsana avasthA aura dhyAnamudrA meM saMsthApita hai| pArzvanAtha kI mUrti : pArzvanAtha bhagavAn kI yaha mUrti bahuta choTI lagabhaga 3 iMca U~cI hai / 9 phaNI sarpa sira ke Upara phaNa phailAye hue hai| yaha vi. saM 2057 kI mUrti hai / 10. AdinAtha : yaha aSTa dhAtu se nirmIta mUrti kAyotsargAvasthA meM khaDgAsaMna rUpa meM hai| yaha aSTa dhAtu kI caukI para khar3I huI suzebhita hotI hai| isa prakAra ukta vedI para sthApita mUrtiyoM kA vargIkaraNa nimnAMkita rUpa se prApta hotA hai / 1. zAMtinAtha bhagavAna kI, 2 3. AdinAtha bhagavAna kI, 2 5. caubIsI kI, 1 2. pArzvanAtha bhagavAna kI, 3 mahAvIra bhagavAna kI, 2 isa ke atirikta dakSiNa kI ora ke saMgamaramara ke Ale meM padamAvatI kI mUrti ke zira ke Upara pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara kI mUrti hai| isI prakAra kSetrapAla (zAsanadeva ) bhI haiN| sabhI mUrtiyAM digambara AmnAya kI haiN| 4. aSTamaMgala dravya : ukta vedI ke nIce aSTha maMgala dravya bhI hai- bhRMgAra (jhArI) kalaSa, darpaNa, ca~vara, dhvajA, paMkhA, chatra, aura supratiSTha / 129

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aSTa prAtihArya 5. 1. azoka vRkSa, 2 . tIna chatra, 3. ratna khacita siMhAsana 4. bhaktiyukta gaNa, dundubhinAda, 6. puSpavRSTi, 7. prabhAmaMDala, aura 8. causaTha camarayuktatA utkIrNita hai| aTha maMgala dravya aura aSTha pratihAra ke bIca meM gAya aura zera viruddha svabhAva vAle eka sAtha eka naoNda meM khAte hue utkIrNita haiM, jo aMhisA ke pratIka haiN| maMdira meM akhaMDa jyoti bhI prajvalita hotI rahatI hai| mahAvIra jayanti, mahAvIra nirvANa divasa, dazalakSaNI parva (paryuSaNa parva) Adi jaina parvoM ke suavasaroM para samasta jaina samAja milakara dharma pravAhanA karatI hai / : mAnastambha : maMdira ke sammukha eka mAnastambha hai| isakA nirmANa 2003 meM huA thaa| isake cAroM ora zAntinAtha bhagavAn kI cAramUrtiyAM sthApita haiN| dharmazAlA : jaina tIrtha kSetra samiti ne tIrtha yAtriyoM kI suvidhA ke lie do maMjilA dharmazAlA kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai| isa meM 24 kamare haiN| prakoSThoM ke sAmane caur3A barAmadA hai| dharmazAlA meM samrATa khAravela zuddha jaina bhojanAlaya kI vyavasthA evaM pAnI kI vyavasthA sana 2003 se prArambha huI hai| jaina yAtriyoM ko zuddha zAkAhArI bhojana zulka dene para upalabdha ho sakatA hai / khAravela dAtavya auSadhAlaya: dharmazAlA meM na kevala yAtriyoM kI suvidhA ke lie, balki sabhI logoM ke lie eka homio paithika khAravela auSadhAlaya kI sthApanA bhI huI hai| isa auSadhAlaya meM niHzulka davA dI jAtI hai| 130

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upasaMhAra : ur3IsA meM jaina dharma ke udbhava aura vikAza eka jharane kI taraha rahA / usa ne utthAna aura patana saba kucha dekhA / I.pU. dUsarI zatAbdI jaina dharma kA svarNa yuga ke rUpa meM vikhyAta rahI / I. san 16vIM zatAbdI usa ke hrAsa kI sAkSI bnii| jaina dharma ne tatkAlina dharma aura panthoM ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| isa ke sAtha hI vartamAna kAlIna samAja aura sAhitya para bhI usa kA prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| yahA~ cintanIya hai ki ukta dharmoM aura panthoM para usa ne kyA prabhAva DAlA hai? jaina dharma ke samaya meM mahimA dharma kA udaya bhI huA thaa| mahimA svAmI ne isa dharma ko sthApanA kI thii| mahimA dharmAnuyAyI sAdhu khaNDagiri ke Asa-pAsa Azrama (maTha) banAkara rahate hai| ve jaina dharma ke dakSiNI kSullaka kI taraha geruA raMga kI eka kaupIna aura eka uttarIya vastra dhAraNa karate hai / ve rAta meM bhojana nahIM karate hai aura pUrNatA zAkAhArI hote hai| dayA ko dharma mAnate hai / Ara. pI. mahApAtra ne jaina monumeMTas (pRSTha 40) meM kahA bhI hai : No parking of food after sunset and their practice of burning the dead body showes the ifluence of the Digambar Jains. jagannAtha pantha bhI jaina dharma se kAphI prabhAvIta huA hai| jagannAtha kI rathayAtrA kI avadhAraNA pUrNa rUpa se jaina dharma se lI gaI hai| jagannAtha pantha kA udaya I. san. 12vIM zatAbdI meM huA hai| isa ke bahuta pahale se paMcakalyANAka-mahotsava ke avasara para jaina dharma meM rathayAtrA kI prathA calI A rahI hai| ratha kI banAyaTa bhI jaina dharma kI ratha kI taraha hotI hai| 1 ur3IsA ke keu~jhara, purI aura kaTaka jile madhya kAla meM nAtha saMpradAya kI gar3ha the| yahI nAtha saMpradAya siddha saMpradAya kI rUpa meM prasiddha hai| nAtha zabda kisI parama sattA kA sUcaka hai / aura siddha zabda mukta paramAtmA kA saMsUcana karatA hai| yaha dono zabda jaina Agamika zabdAvalI se liye gaye haiM / nAtha saMpradAya kAya sAdhanA nAmaka yoga karate hai / unakI avadhAraNA hai ki isI yoga se avinAzI aura AdhyAtmika jIvana prApti hotA hai| yahA~ dhyAtavya hai ki jaina dharma meM kAyotsarga tapa bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai| jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ kAyotsarga aura yoga mudrA meM upalabdha hotI hai| ataH siddha hai ki nAtha pantha kAya 131

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yoga kI sAdhAna ke lie jaina dharma kA tra-NI hai| nAtha saMpradAya ke logoM ke nAma ke anta nAtha upAdhi bhI jaina dharma se lI gaI hai| udAharaNArtha : gorakhanAtha, mIna nAtha, bodhi nAtha, matsendra nAtha Adi meM jaina dharma ke tIrthaMkaro taraha nAtha zabda jur3A huA hai| isa se pratIta hotA hai ki nAtha saMpradAya bhI jaina dharma se kAphI prabhAvita hai / sAralA dAsa ke ur3iA mahAbhArata meM nAtha yoga ke udbhava aura yugadharma ke pAlana karane kI vidhI jaina dharma ke sAtha prabhAvIta, pratIta hotI huI kahI gaI hai| Ar. pI. mahApAtra ne jaina monumeMTas Apha~ ur3IsA (pR. 39) meM kahA bhI hai : In the Sharala Mahabharat be find referance to the origin and practice of the Nath yougis indicate their link with Jain religion. ur3IsA ke samAja aura sAhitya para bhI jaina dharma kA prabhAva dikhalAI par3atA hai / sAralA dAsa ke ur3iA mahAbhArata meM jaina dharma ke aneka siddhAnto ko dekhA jAsakatA hai| isa meM upalabdha jagannAtha kI kathA kA rUpa jaina sAhitya meM vibhInna rUpa meM kahI gaI kathAe~ pratIta hotI hai| ur3IsA ke madhya kAlIna sAhitya para bhI jaina dharma kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| vAula caritra aura rAma gAthA jaise pracIna ur3iA grantha bhI jaina dharma se bahuta prabhAvita haiM / isI prakAra jagannAtha dAsa kA bhAgavata, caitanyadAsa kA viSNugarbha purANa aura dInakRSNa dAsa kA rasakallola ur3iA sAhitya jaina dArzanika siddhAntoM ke vivecana tathA vyavahAra meM una siddhAntoM ke pAlana karane se paripUrNa haiM | jagannAtha dAsa ke ur3aA bhASA meM racita bhAgavata ke pAMcaveM khaNDa ke pAMcaveM ayodhyA ke tra-Sabha cArita vibhAga meM tra- Sabhadeva ke dvArA apane eka sau putroM ko brahmacarya, aMhiMsA, zraddhA, satkakarma Adi kA pAlana karane ki upedaza diye jAne ke prasaGga hame upalabdha hote haiN| I ukta siddhAnta jaina dharma meM gRhasthoM ke AcaraNa ke niyama batalAe gaye hai| isI prakAra vivAhoparAnta aSTa maMgala karane kA vidhAna jaina dharma (zvetAmbara) se liyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| ur3IsA kI jIvanazailI ko bhI jaina dharma ne kAphI prabhAvita kiyA hai| ur3IsA ke grAmINa ilAkoM meM rahanevAloM vizeSa kara sarAkoM para jaina dharma ke sAkAhAra aura aMhisA siddhAnta kA bahuta prabhAva par3A hai| purI ke jagannAtha mandira meM sthita vaTa vRkSa kI pUjA karane kI sAmAjika prathA jaina dharma se lI gaI hai| jaina dharmAnusAra AdinAtha tIrthaMkara ne vaTa vRkSa ke nIce muni dIkSA lI thI aura tapasyA kara kevalajJAna prApta kiyA thaa| IsI kAraNa se 132

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pAhA jainadharmAvalambI vaTa vRkSa kI pUjA karate hai| isI se prabhAvita hokara saMpUrNa ur3IsA meM vaTa vRkSa kI pUjA hotI hai| isI prakAra ur3IsA me jo nIti viSayaka loka kathAyeM upalabdha hotI haiM ve nizcita rUpa se jaina dharma se lI gayI hai| jaina khagola zAstriyoM ne deza meM sarva prathama zaka saMvat calAyA hai| zakAbda kA prayoga saba se pahale jaina lekhaka siMha sUri kI kRti loka vibhAga meM upalabdha hotA hai / yaha kRti kAMcI meM zakAbda 388 (I.san.466) meM likhI gayI thii| ur3IsA meM aneka lekhaka aura tAmra kI pleTa ke abhilekha meM sarva candra, khaNDi candra, bhAnu candra, vinaya candra Adi utakirNikoM ke nAma se pramANIta hotA hai ki ve jaina saMpradAya ke the| Ara.pi mahApAtra ne jainamonumeNTas oNpha ur3IsA (pR.46) likhA hai ki dakSiNI ur3IsA ke sunAra sAmAnya rUpa se sarabha kahalAte hai| sarabha zabda kA udbhava mUlata: zravaka se huA hai| ur3IsA meM manuSya kA eka saMpradAya kaliMga kumuti ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| ve udyoga aura vANijya karate hai| ve dakSiNa se Aye the aura jaina dharma svIkAra kara dono kSetroM ke madhya meM zRGkhalA bana gye| zAralA dAsa ke mahAbhArata Aye hue vRtAnta kA pramANa dete hue yaha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki jAnughaMTa sambhavata: bahuta zaktizAlI rAjA thaa| jo bhikSA yA dAna mAMge vinA jIvita aura digambara rahatA thA tathA aMhisA kA pAlana karatA thaa| isase pratIta hotA hai ki vaha aura usa ke anuyAyI bhI jaina dharma se prabhAvita the|

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yoga kI sA OM vaha picha prakAra tha pariziSTa- 1 Ama ur3IsA ke katipaya jaina saMgrahAlaya : ur3IsA sarakAra ne jaina smArakoM ko rAjya kI dharohara mAnakara bahuta mahattva diA hai| unake saMrakSaNa hetu jaina smAraka kendra para jaina saMgrahAlaya nirmita karane kI yojanAnusAra namniAMkita jaina saMgrahAlayoM kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai| bAlezvara, ayodhyA, jAmuMDA, por3asiMgir3I aura pratApanagarI ke jaina saMgrahAlaya ullekhanIya haiN| una meM prApta kSetrIya jaina mUrtiyoM ko surakSita rakhA gayA hai| pramANa svarUpa katipaya saMgrahAlaya kI bhavana aMkita kiye jAte hai / III 3219 na ADRES baganAtha dAsa ke daliyA bhASA jaina saMgrahAlaya : jamuMDA ke logoM ke nAma ke anya niyama kA jaina saMgrahAlaya : por3asiMgir3I 134 STC 1ST

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D emon BAR CHAR jaina saMgrahAlaya : pratApanagarI pariziSTa- 2 katipaya prAcIna jaina mUrtiyA~ aura maMdira: por3asiMgir3I rAmacaMDI maMdira meM sthita aMbikA aura tIrthaMkara kI mUrti 135

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por3asiMgir3I meM tIrthaMkara aura rAmacaMDI maMdira jamuMDA ke tra-SabhanAtha tIrthaMkara aura jaina mUrtiyA~ Trolle 136 zi

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Pale N 20 MEEN SANSAR HESENT ANSAR S / GARNER jamuMDA ke pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara aura jaina mUrtiyA~ 137

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pArzvanAtha tra - SabhanAtha pratApa nagarI saMgrahAlaya kozI A 138 pArzvanAtha tra- SabhanAtha

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19 SHR Ans HANNE www NAAN Home Sen POINE AN ANN tra-SabhanAtha pArzvanAtha SNE WER NA pArzvanAtha gomedha aura aMbikA 139

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ANCE / khaMDita tra-SabhanAtha khaMDita jaina mUrtiyA~ ARMA PANA S HTTER News RAM tIrthaMkara tra-SabhanAtha tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke sAtha tra-SabhanAtha T PESTE 140

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pariziSTa- 3 ur3IsA meM jaina prAcIna darzanIya sthala kA mAnacitra : REFERENCE Howmane O 1NEHome - 0 Portants GANPATI Jaina Heritage Sites of Orissa o 141 Jain Education Interational

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punA prayAga sandarbha grantha sUcI 1. agravAla, sadAnanda : khAravela kaTaka 1993 2. AcArya jinasena : harivaMza purANa dillI 3. katre, esa.ema : prAkRtaM laiMgaveja eNDa deara kanTrIvyUsana Tu inDiyana kalacara 1964 4. gAMgulI, ema.ema : or3IsA eNDa hara rimensa kalakatA 1912 5. jAyasavAla ke.pI : khAravela ke zilAlekha; kA vivaraNa 1928 6. jaina choTelAla : khaNDagiri udayagiri keMpsa eNDa khAravela insakripasana kalakatA 1948 7. dAsa DI.ena. .: di erlI hisTrI oNpha kaliMga kalakatA 1977 8. paM.siddhAnta zAstrI ke.sI. : jainadharma mathurA 1985 9. pANigrAhI, ke.sI. : hisTrI oNpha ur3IsA kaTaka 1981 10.phera gussana je : TrI eNDa sarapeMTa varsipa dillI 1971 11. bAnArjI zAstrI e.pI. : erlI insakripasana oNpha bihAra eNDa ur3IsA paTanA 1927 12. barUA bI.ema olDa brAhmI insakripasanasa ina di udayagiri eNDa khaNDagiri kebhas kalakatA 1929 13. bhaTTAcArya bI.sI. . : di jaina ikonogrAphI, lAhora 1939 14. mahApAtra Ara.pI. : jainamonumeMTsa oNpha ur3IsA dillI 1984 15. mittala e.sI. : ena erlI hisTrI oNpha ur3IsA vArANAsI 1962 16.mitrA Ara.ena : anTIkoTIja A~pha ur3IsA kalakatA 1880 17. mitrA devala : udayagiri khaNDagiri naI dillI 1992 18.bhizrI ke.sI : di kalTa oNpha jagannAtha kalakatA 1971 19. rAya caudhurI pI.sI : jainijama ina bihAra paTanA 1956 20 rAjagurU esa.ena : insakripasan oNpha ur3IsA koNArka 1959 21. kSu. varNI jinendra : jainendra siddhAnta koza dillI 1993 22. zAha sI.jai : jainijama ina northana iMDiyA bambaI 1932 23. saleTore bI.e. : miDivala jainijama bambaI 1938 24. sAhu. ena.ke : khAravela bhuvanezvara 1985 sAhu. ena. ke : buddhijama ina ur3IsA bhuvanezvara 1985 sAhu. ena. ke : hisTrI oNpha ur3IsA bhuvanezvara 1958 25. sAhu. ela.en. : ur3IsAra jainadharma kaTaka 1959 142

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lekhaka kA paricaya nAma : pro. DaoN. lAlacAnda jaina janma : 3 maI 1944 janmasthAna kavarahaTI,pannA (ma.pa.) mAtA-pitA sva. bAbUlAla jaina, sva. malIdAbAI jaina, baDakula patnI DA. (zrImatI) jinamatI jaina, adhyayana zrI syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya vArANAsI banArasa hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANAsI ema.e. (darzanazAstra-prAkRta jainalojI-saMskRta) pI-eca.DI., zAstrAcArya (jaina darzana) AcArya (jaina darzana) kRtiyA~ (maulika) : 1. jaina darzana meM Atma-vicAra : (tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana) 2. advaitavAda, 3. bhAratIya darzana meM sarvajJatA 4. tIrthaMkara tra-Sabhadeva kA kartRttva evaM vyaktitva 5. prAkRta sAhitya meM anekAntavAda 6. jaina darzana meM pramANa svarUpa vimarsa 7. samrATa cakravartI khAravela aura unakA zilAlekha 8. ur3IsA meM jainadharma saMpAdita evaM anuvAdita : 9 lIlAvaI kahA 10 kaMsavaho 11 nayacakra 12 tattvasAra prAkRta 13 gadya-padya vaMdha bhAga-2 14 gadya padya baMdya bhAga-3 15 gadya padya baMdya bhAga- 3 (hindI anuvAda) 16 jainavAGmaya meM campApurI, zodha pUrNa nibandha : 150 143

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pUrva pradhAna saMpAdaka patrakAritA puraskAra evaM sammAna adhyApana sevA nivRta risarca buleTina evaM prAkRta jainazAstra aura ahiMsA zodhaM saMsthAna vaizAlI granthamAlA mahAvIra vimala dezanA (mAsika),siddhAnta bhAskara AcArya vidyAnanda puraskAra, vidvatratna, 2000 golDameDala, vihAra vi. vi. mujaphpharapura A.zAntisAgara chANI smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra,2005 jaina vizvabhAratI lADanUM, prAkRta jaina zAstra aura ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna vaishaalii| utkala saMskRti vizvavidyAlaya, bhuvneshvr| nidezaka, prAkRta jaina zAstra aMhisA zodha saMsthAna, vaizAlI pro.adhyakSa, jaina vidyAkendra, utkala saMskRti vizvavidyAlaya, bhuvanezvara / do putra 1. kumAra rAjIva jaina, ema.esa sI.(gaNIta) chatrapura 2. pradIpa prakAza bar3akula, kaMpyuTara iMjIniyara, dillI do beTiyA~ 1. zrImatI rajanI jaina, ema.e. (saMskRta evaM prAkRta) bI. eDa, patnI, zrI arabinda kumAra jaina, chatrapura, madhya pradeza, 2. prajJA jaina (gur3iyA) ema.Teka., kaMpyuTara iMjIniyara, do pote 1. Agama jaina aura 2. amita jaina (TUTU) natanI anuprekSA pArIvArIka sthitiH tra-pabhanAtha - RSabhanAtha chatrapura - chatarapura pArIvArIka - pArivArika 144

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BAT , SERLOOR