Jain Dharm ki Vaignanik Adharshila

Author(s): Kanti V Maradia
Publisher: Parshwanath Vidyapith
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/003667/1

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jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA avasthiti kAnti vI0 maraDiyA karmabala rekhA karma pudgala sAMkalpika kriyAe~ karma pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI ( bhArata ) AtmA

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pArzvanAtha vidyApITha graMthamAlA kramAMka 139 pradhAna saMpAdaka DA. sAgaramala jaina jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA lekhaka kAMti vI. maraDiyA hindI anuvAda ena. ela. jaina pArzvanAtha vidyApITha vArANasI - 221005 (bhArata)

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pArzvanAtha vidyApITha graMthamAlA kramAMka 139 pustaka : jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA prakAzaka : pArzvanAtha vidyApITha AI.TI.AI. roDa, karauMdI, vArANasI - 5 : (0542) 2575521, 2575890 dUrabhASa prathama aMgrejI saMskaraNa : dillI, 1990 dvitIya parivardhita aMgrejI saMskaraNa : dillI, 1996 saMzodhita aMgrejI saMskaraNa : dillI, 2002 prathama hindI saMskaraNa : vArANasI, 2004 : pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kAMti vI. maraDiyA ISBN : 81-86715-71-1 prApti sthAna c-mail : pArzvanAtha vidyApITha vArANasI 221005 (bhArata) phona : (0542) 318046 : parshwanathvidyapeeth@rediffmail.com kAMti vI. maraDiyA, lIDsa (yU.ke.) jaina senTara, rIvA, ma.pra. -- 486001 phona : (07662)-243116 mUlya : ru. 200; $ 5.00; sTarliMga 3.00 (P.B.) ru. 250; $ 6.00; sTarliMga 4.00 (H.B.) bhArata meM prakAzita akSara saMyojana punaH kampyUTara seTiMga mudraka : vinaya pillaI, smArTa prosesiMgas, rIvA 486001 : eDa viz2ana, karauMdI, vArANasI 221005 : vardhamAna mudraNAlaya, bhelUpura, vArANasI 221010

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(sva.) zrI varadIcaMdajI maraDiyA (sva.) zrImatI saMgArIbAI maraDiyA ko samarpita kAMti aura pavana maraDiyA aura (sva.) zrI dhanarAja jI bAphanA zrImatI sumatibAI bAphanA samarpita kAMti aura pavana maraDiyA

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"dharma ke binA vijJAna paMgu hai vijJAna ke binA dharma aMdhA hai" jo vyakti dhArmikatA se sambaddha hai, vaha mujhe aisA lagatA hai, jaise usane apanI sAmarthya ke anusAra, svArthapUrNa icchAoM kI ber3iyoM se chuTakArA pA liyA ho / AiMsTIna (1940-41), dekheM, pe. 26 jaina vaha vyakti jisane apane AMtarika zatruoM para vijaya prApta kara lI ho /

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prakAzakIya 'jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA lIDsa vizvavidyAlaya, iMglair3a ke sAMkhyikI vibhAga ke prophesara (aba sevAnivRtta variSTha zodha - prophesara) evaM jaina dharma ke marmajJa DA. kAMti vI. maraDiyA kI prasiddha aMgrejI pustaka 'sAiMTiphika phAuMDezana Apha jainIjma ke parivardhita dvitIya saMskaraNa kA hindI anuvAda hai| isa pustaka meM jaina dharma kI AcAra-vicAra sambandhI mAnyatAoM ko vaijJAnika AdhAra pradAna karane meM Agamika srotoM kA sahArA liyA gayA hai aura unheM cAra svataHsiddha avadhAraNAoM yA sUtroM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ina avadhAraNAtmaka sUtroM ko naI bhASA evaM zabdAvalI dekara unheM rocaka banAyA gayA hai| DA. maraDiyA prastuta pustaka meM vaijJAnika vRtti ko prastuta kara pustaka kI rocakatA meM cAra cAMda lagAyA hai| DA. maraDiyA kI mUla aMgrejI pustaka pazcimI jagata tathA bhArata meM bhI atyaMta lokapriya huI hai / alpa kAla meM isake tIna saMskaraNoM kA prakAzana isakA pramANa hai| hindI jagata meM isa pustaka ke anuvAda kI AvazyakatA kA anubhava aneka varSoM se kiyA jA rahA thaa| yaha prasannatA kI bAta hai ki isa pustaka kA anuvAda DA. ena. ela. jaina, jaina seMTara, rIvA ma. pra. ne kiyA hai| ve na kevala hindI, aMgrejI va saMskRta bhASAoM meM siddhahasta haiM, apitu ve jaina dharma se bhI acchI taraha paricita haiN| unakI aneka pustakeM hamAre saMsthAna se prakAzita huI haiM aura lokapriya huI haiN| mujhe vizvAsa hai ki unakA anuvAda hamAre saMsthAna ke prakAzanoM ko aura bhI adhika garimA pradAna karegA evaM hindI jagata ke liye jaina mAnyatAoM ko vaijJAnika rUpa se samajhane ke lie upahAra siddha hogA / hama DA. maraDiyA ke AbhArI haiM ki unhoMne hameM apanI pustaka ke hiMdI anuvAda ko, anuvAdaka ke sujhAva para saMsthAna ko prakAzita karane kA avasara pradAna kiyaa| maiM saMsthAna ke sahAyaka nidezaka DA. esa. pI. pAMDe tathA prakAzana adhikArI DA. vijaya kumAra ko bhI dhanyavAda denA cAhatA hU~ jinhoMne isa anuvAda ke prakAzana ke liye prazaMsanIya sujhAva diyA evaM use

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vi jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA mudrita karaneM meM anukaraNIya zrama kiyaa| maiM smArTa prosesiMgs, rIvA ke prati isa pustaka kI manohara zabda-sajjA ke liye tathA vardhamAna mudraNAlaya, bhelUpura, vArANasI ke prati isake surucipUrNa mudraNa ke liye apanA AbhAra vyakta karanA cAhatA hUM / vArANasI, mahAvIra jayaMtI, 23.4.2004 sAgaramala jaina saciva pArzvanAtha vidyApITha

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hindI saMskaraNa kA Amukha "jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA', "sAiMTiphika phAunDezana oNpha jainIjma" ke nAma se sarvaprathama aMgrejI meM 1990 meM prakAzita huI thii| isakI mAMga tabhI se niraMtara rahI hai| isakA dvitIya saMskaraNa 1996 meM prakAzita huA aura abhI usakA punarmudaNa bhI huA hai| aMgrejI ke prathama saMskaraNa kA vimocana gurudeva citrabhAnu jI dvArA 'jaina samAja, yUropa' ke tattvAvadhAna meM huA thA aura isake dvitIya saMskaraNa kA vimocana briTena meM bhArata ke tatkAlIna ucca Ayukta zrI ela. ema. siMghavI ne "yArkazAyara jaina phAuMDezana' lIDsa (yU.ke.) ke tattvAvadhAna meM kiyA thaa| isa pustaka ke viSaya meM unhoMne nimna vyAkyAvalI likhI hai : / "pro. maraDiyA ne hameM eka aisI pustaka dI hai jisameM bhautikI aura parA-bhautikI ko saha-sambandhita kiyA gayA hai| isa pustaka meM buddhisaMgata, vaijJAnika evaM aMtaHprajJAtmaka avadhAraNAyeM dI gaI haiM jo bhAratIya paramparA kI amUlya nidhi haiN| yaha eka aisI pustaka hai jo samagra satya ko prastuta karatI hai, sthAyI mUlyoM ko pratiSThita karatI hai aura AnevAlI sadI ke lie mArgadarzaka hai| maiM DA. maraDiyA ko unake isa bahu-AyAmI vidvattA ke pradarzaka apUrva yogadAna ke lie badhAI detA huuN|" mere aneka mitroM ne mujhe sujhAva diyA hai ki isa pustaka kA hindI prakAzana mahattvapUrNa hai, kyoMki "jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA" para hindI meM aisI pustakeM bahuta hI kama haiN| Adhunika yuga vijJAna aura satya kI dehalI para cala rahA hai, aura 'jainadharma' na kevala vijJAna-samanvita dharma hI hai, apitu usakI gaMbhIra tArkika AdhArabhUmi bhI hai jo vaijJAnika satya ke parijJAna para mahattvapUrNa prabhAva DAlatI hai| mujhe atyata prasannatA hai ki isa pustaka ke hindI anuvAda kA duSkara kArya DA. ena.ela. jaina ne kiyA hai| maiM isa kArya hetu unake sivA kisI anya vidvAna kI bAta soca hI nahIM sakatA thaa| jaina dharma aura vijJAna para unakI gahana pakar3a hai| yaha anuvAda unakI isa pravRtti kA spaSTa sAkSya hai| hamane unakI kriyAzIlatA taba dekhI jaba unhoMne 1996 meM lIDsa nagara ke 'yArkazAyara jaina phAuMDezana' meM bhASaNa diyA thaa| DA. jaina jaina darzana, bhAratIya darzana evaM rasAyana vijJAna ke parijJAtA hone ke sAtha hindI, saMskRta, prAkRta aura aMgrejI ke bhI jJAtA haiN|

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viii jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA jaina dharma ko vaijJAnika pariprekSya meM prastuta karane meM unakI mahAn ruci hai aura unhoMne aneka pustakeM likhI haiM anekoM kA anuvAda kiyA hai| unhoMne aneka rASTrIya aura aMtarrASTrIya vidvat sammelanoM meM, jaina vidyA ke vividha viSayoM para zodhapatra prastuta kiyA hai aura aneka videzI vidvAnoM aura saMsthAoM ko tIna lAkha se adhika kA jaina sAhitya bhejA hai| unhoMne videzoM meM aneka sthAnoM para bhASaNa diye haiM aura ve mArca meM 2002 meM laMdana vizvavidyAlaya ke supratiSThita "skUla Apha oriyaMTala aura aphrikana sTaDIja" ke tattvAvadhAna meM Ayojita jaina vidyA-karmazAlA meM bhI apanA zodhapatra prastuta kiyA hai| ___ mai AzA karatA hUM ki yaha hindI anuvAda jaina dharma aura vijJAna ke samanvaya ke naye Andolana ko pravardhita kregaa| anta meM maiM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke saciva DA. sAgaramala jaina ke prati apanA AbhAra vyakta karatA hUM jinhoMne apane saMsthAna se isake prakAzana meM ruci lekara mere sAhityika bhaviSya ko protsAhita kiyA hai| kAMti vI. maraDiyA lIDsa, iMglaiMDa 14 mArca 2002

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anuvAdakIya Adhunika vaijJAnika yuga meM yaha Avazyaka hai ki vibhinna dharma-taMtra apanI mAnyatAoM evaM AcAra-vicAroM ko vaijJAnika rUpa meM, samakAlIna bhASAoM meM abhivyakta kareM jisase vartamAna samaya meM dhArmika ruci vikasita evaM saMvardhita ho ske| isase hamAre purAtana sAhitya ke bhAva, bhASA aura zabdAvalI ko sahI rUpa meM samajhane meM sahAyatA milegii| yahI nahIM, Aja ke vizvIkaraNa ke yuga meM aise sAhitya kI bhI AvazyakatA hai jo prAcIna dhArmika AcAra-vicAroM ko vaijJAnikatA yA vijJAna - samanvitatA pradAna kara ske| DA. maraDiyA kI aMgrejI pustaka ina mAnadaMDoM ko pUrNa karatI hai| isa pustaka meM jaina siddhAnto ke nirUpaNa ke liye DA. maraDiyA dvArA vikasita cAroM svataH siddha avadhAraNAyeM Agamika srotoM para AdhArita haiM, para unakI vyAkhyA navIna evaM vaijJAnika rUpa meM kI gaI hai| isa pustaka ke dasa adhyAyoM ke 43 citra, 11 sAraNI tathA aneka Anubhavika gaNitIya dhAraNAyeM isakI rocakatA tathA vaijJAnikatA ke saMvardhana meM sahAyaka haiN| isake isa naye rUpa kA sarvatra svAgata hogA / ikkIsavIM sadIM meM aise hI jaina dhArmika sAhitya kI AvazyakatA hai| vijJAna kA vidyArthI hone ke kAraNa isa prakAra ke sAhitya ke praNayana, anuvAda evaM saMvardhana meM merI ruci rahI hai| isa koTi ke sAhitya ke vyApaka prasAra ke liye yaha bhI Avazyaka hai ki ise aneka bhASAoM ke mAdhyama se prasArita kiyA jAya / DA. maraDiyA kI aMgrejI pustaka "sAiMTiphika phAuMDezana Apha jainIjma" ne pazcimI jagata meM paryApta lokapriyatA pAI hai| ataH yaha svAbhAvika hI thA ki yaha pustaka hindI jagata meM bhI prasArita ho / unake aneka mitroM ke sujhAva ne unheM isa ora prerita kiyA evaM unhoMne mujhe ise hindI meM anUdita karane kA avasara pradAna kiyA / yaha mere liye saubhAgya kI bAta hai / merA yaha prayAsa unakI AzAoM ke anurUpa hogA evaM prasAra pAyagA, aisI AzA hai| anuvAda sadaiva bhAvAtmaka hotA hai, zabdAtmaka nhiiN| isa dRSTi se maiMne lekhaka ke vicAroM ko sarala bhASA meM dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai / tathApi, vaijJAnika rUpa meM prastuta aneka prakaraNoM meM bhASA kiJcit saralatA se Upara pAyI jAtI hai / yaha anuvAda isakA apavAda nahIM hai| isa prakriyA meM kiJcit vistAra, navIna sUcanAyeM aura TippaNI bhI jor3anI par3I hai| isa anuvAda ko DA. maraDiyA evaM sau. pavana jaina ne svayaM dekhA hai aura anumodita kiyA hai / AzA hai, pAThakagaNa ise rocaka pAyeMge /

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jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA isa anuvAda ke mudraNa prakriyA meM jAne para DA. anila jaina, ahamadAbAda ke mAdhyama se isake eka aprakAzita anuvAda kA bhI patA calA hai| ise zrI ena. sI. jaina, jabalapura ne prAyaH pAMca varSa pUrva kiyA thaa| yaha vyAkhyAtmaka to hai hI, aneka aMzo meM apUrNa bhI hai| para isakI kucha zabdAvalI sarala bhI hai, jisakA maiMne avaziSTa aMza meM upayoga bhI kiyA hai| unakA yaha kArya munizrI 108 kSamAsAgara jI ke nirdeza se kiyA gayA thaa| isase jaina sAdhuoM tathA sAmAnya zrAvakoM meM bhI isa pustaka kI lokapriyatA kA anumAna hotA hai| maiM zrI jaina ke prayAsa kI sarAhanA karatA huuN| mai AzA karatA hUM ki isa anuvAda se isake pAThakoM kI vyApakatA bddh'egii| "priMTarsa Devila" tathA anya kAraNoM se isameM apUrNatAyeM yA truTiyAM honA svAbhAvika haiN| pAThakoM se apekSA hai ki ve isa ora hamArA dhyAna AkarSita kareMge jisase bhaviSya meM inameM samucita sudhAra kiyA jA ske| rIvA, ma.pra. (bhArata) naMdalAla jaina

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prAkkathana (aMgrejI kA prathama saMskaraNa) yaha atyaMta saMtoSa kI bAta hai ki prophesara maraDiyA ne mujhase apanI "da sAiMTiphika phAunDezana oNpha jainIjma" nAmaka - aMgrejI pustaka kA prAkkathana likhane ke liye khaa| mujhe prasannatA hai ki unhoMne mujhe yaha avasara diyaa| merI prasannatA ke aneka kAraNa haiM aura hama donoM ke bIca jaina dharma ke sambandha meM aneka rocaka carcAyeM huI haiN| vAstava meM, hamane unase isa viSaya meM bhI jAnakArI cAhI ki ve Adhunika vaijJAnika dRSTi se jainadharma aura darzana kI vyAkhyA kyoM karanA cAhate haiM ? mujhe prasannatA hai ki maiMne unakI pustaka kA prArUpa dekhA aura saMbhavataH maiM una kucha vyaktiyoM meM se hUM jinhoMne isakA aMtima prArUpa dekhaa| merA vizvAsa hai ki unhoMne jaina dharma para likhita sAhitya ke liye, isa pustaka ke dvArA, mahattvapUrNa yogadAna kiyA hai| yahAM maiM eka kAraNa aura batAnA cAhatA hUM ki isa pustaka meM prakAzita vicAroM kI prazaMsA kA zreya mujhe milegA aura vidvAn, buddhimAna aura adhyayanazIla pro. maraDiyA kI pustaka mere isa vinamra prAkkathana ke sAtha prakAzita hogii| jaina dharma eka ati prAcIna dharma hai| jaina paramparA lagabhaga sImAvihIna (anAdi) kAla se isakA udbhava mAnatI hai| tathApi, yaha nizcita hai ki atyaMta avizvAsI yA saMzayI vyakti bhI isake lagabhaga 3000 varSa ke itihAsa ko nakAra nahIM sktaa| tathya to yaha hai ki usa samaya bhI yaha nizceSTa nahIM rhaa| aneka sAdhaka AcAryoM aura vidvAnoM ne pIr3hI-dara-pIr3hI usake vikAsa meM yogadAna kiyA hai, usakI vivecanA aura vyAkhyA kI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainoM kA sAhitya itanA vizAla hai| yahI nahIM, yaha prativarSa vizAlatara hotA jA rahA hai| jaba se maiMne jaina dharma kA prArambhika adhyayana cAlU kiyA, tabhI se merI yaha dhAraNA rahI hai ki jaina siddhAnta Adhunika vijJAna se paryApta mAtrA me mela khAte haiN| jaina vicAra aura jaina darzana anAdi hai, anaMta hai, lekina isake prAcIna graMtha tatkAlIna bhASAoM meM likhe gaye haiM aura unameM isake vicAroM ko tatkAlIna vaijJAnika zabdAvalI meM vyakta kiyA gayA hai| ve graMtha mUlataH prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASAoM meM likhe gaye haiM jo durUha aura kaThina vicAroM ko sUkSmatA aura spaSTatA se vyakta karane meM samartha haiM, parantu kabhI-kabhI bhASA kI saMkSiptatA yA punarAvRtti kI sImAoM ke kAraNa unakA vyAkhyAna kaThina pratIta ho sakatA hai, unakI pAribhASika zabdAvalI kaThina ho sakatI hai aura jaina dharma ke kisI bhI pakSa para likhita Adhunika pustaka meM aise pAribhASika

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xii jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA zabdoM kI bharamAra raha sakatI hai jinake liye yathArtha aura AdhunikataH samakakSa . zabda nahIM mila sake hoN| phalataH aisI pustaka ko acchI taraha samajhanA lagabhaga kaThina hI hai| prophesara maraDiyA sAMkhyikI jaise zramasAdhya vijJAna ke prasiddha vidvAna haiN| ve gaNitajJa haiM, vastutaH ve sAMkhyikIvid haiN| unhoMne rAjasthAna evaM nIukesala (iMglaiMDa) vizvavidyAlayoM se tIna pI.eca.DI. kI upAdhiyAM prApta kI haiN| sAtha hI, ve jainadharma ke bhakta va pAlaka haiN| isa prakAra, ve jainadharma ke maulika siddhAntoM, darzana va nItizAstra ko Adhunika vaijJAnika rUpa meM aura Adhunika bhASA meM prastuta karane meM sakSama haiN| ___ unakI pustaka prakRtyA tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai| pahale bhAga meM ve AtmA, karma, jIva aura ajIva ke sambandha meM mUlabhUta jaina mAnyatAyeM prastuta karate haiM aura phira unheM samekIkRta kara vizva, jIvana aura mRtyu se sambandhita jainoM kI vyAkhyA dete haiN| dUsare bhAga meM ve sAmAnya se vizeSa kI ora jAte haiN| isake aMtargata ve Atma-vijaya ke abhyAsa evaM Atma-zuddhi ke patha kA nirUpaNa karate haiN| isake tIsare bhAga ke do adhyAya haiM jinakA gahana adhyayana Avazyaka hai| isameM unhoMne jaina tarkazAstra ko prAmANika evaM svIkRtiyogya taMtra ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA hai| isa AdhAra para unhoMne isa adhyAya meM jainoM kI vaijJAnika dhAraNAoM kA Adhunika bhautika vijJAna ke maulika aura navIna pakSoM kI dRSTi se vivecana kiyA hai| mujhe isa bAta kI prasannatA hai ki aneka varSoM ke gahana adhyayana evaM parizrama ke bAda prophesara maraDiyA kI yaha pustaka apane aMtima prakAzana rUpa meM A pAI hai| mujhe vizvAsa hai ki yaha pustaka donoM prakAra ke pAThakoM ke liye upayogI siddha hogii| yaha una jainoM ke liye upayogI hogI jo Adhunika pazcimI vizva meM rahate haiM aura jinheM prAcIna graMthoM ko samajhanA aura unakI prAsaMgikatA ko puSTa karanA kaThina lagatA hai| yaha una jainetara pAThakoM ke liye bhI upayogI hogI jo alpa-jJAta jaina dharma ko Atma-jJAna dharma ke rUpa me kevala buddhivAdI jijJAsA ke liye hI par3hateM haiN| jaisA maiMne pahale hI kahA hai ki yaha pustaka jaina dharma ke sAhitya ke liye eka mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| maiM unake isa saphala prayAsa para unheM badhAI detA hU~ aura isa pustaka ko sabhI koTi ke pAThakoM ke liye anuzaMsita karatA huuN| paoNla mAreTa lAubaro vizvavidyAlaya (iMglaiMDa)

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Amukha (dvitIya aMgrejI saMskaraNa) yaha mere liye parama saMtoSa kI bAta hai ki merI isa pustaka ke prathama saMskaraNa kA vizvavyApI pAThakoM ne acchA svAgata kiyA / yaha yU. ke. (briTena) aura yU. esa. e. (amarIkA) meM to sarvAdhika lokapriya bnii| isa pustaka ko naI pIr3hI ke adhyayana ke liye saphalatApUrvaka upayoga kiyA gayA hai aura yaha DI- monTaphorTa vizvavidyAlaya, lesTara (briTena) meM snAtaka pAThyakrama hetu pAThyapustaka ke rUpa meM cunI gaI hai| pazcima meM jainadharma ke prati nirantara bar3hatI jAgarUkatA se mujhe AzA hai ki jainadharma ke vaijJAnika pakSoM ko samajhane kI pravRtti bhI satata vardhamAna rahegI / isa pustaka kA yaha dvitIya parivardhita aura saMzodhita saMskaraNa hai| isameM pahale saMskaraNa kI azuddhiyoM ko dUra kiyA gayA hai tathA aneka paribhASAoM ko adhika suspaSTa kiyA gayA hai| isake sAtha hI, satya aura vijJAna ke vardhamAna mahattva ko dhyAna meM rakhakara jaina tarkazAstra ke naveM adhyAya ko aura bhI vistRta kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta, maiMne isameM 'upasaMhAra' aura jor3a diyA hai jisameM nayI pIr3hI ke liye isa pustaka ke mukhya vicAroM ko saMkSepita kiyA gayA hai| inheM eka saMgoSThI ke rUpa meM bhI prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| sAtha hI, isakI saMdarbha sUcI ko aura bhI vyApaka banAyA gayA hai / isa pustaka ke prathama saMskaraNa ke bAda aneka mahattvapUrNa prakAzana sAmane Aye haiN| udAharaNArtha, jainadharma aura vijJAna se sambandhita aneka pustakeM prakAzita huI haiM: (1) muni amarendra vijaya (1993), (2) ela. sI. jaina (1992), ( 3 ) ena.ela. jaina (1993) aura (4) muni naMdighoSa vijaya ( 1995 ) / kapAsI ne bhI naI yuvApIr3hI ke liye eka maulika pAThyapustaka (1994) likhI hai| isake atirikta, tattvArthasUtra kA eka nayA aMgrejI anuvAda ( TATiyA, jainI Adi, 1994) prakAzita huA hai jo bhArata ke bAhara prakAzita honevAlA pahalA anuvAda hai / yaha anuvAda sarala, prAmANika tathA suspaSTa hai aura isameM citra aura sAraNiyAM bhI haiN| eka anya mahattvapUrNa prakAzana "jaina Diklerezana oNna necara" (prAkRtika paryAvaraNa para jaina ghoSaNApatra, siMghavI, 1990 ) bhI hai jo vizvavyApI prakRti - parirakSaNa saMgha ( Worldwide Fund for Nature) ke adhyakSa priMsa philipa ko samarpita kiyA gayA thA ( ina donoM hI pariyojanAoM meM lekhaka ko bhI yogadAna karane kA avasara milA thA ) / isa saMzodhita saMskaraNa meM inakI ora bhI dhyAna diyA gayA hai| maiM aneka preraka samIkSakoM kA kRtajJa hUM jinhoMne isa pustaka kI samIkSA kara merA utsAha

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xiv jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA bar3hAyA hai| inameM se DA. sI. Ara. rAva, epha. Ara. esa., ( dI jaina), paoNla mAreTa (jaina jarnala, dI jaina), krisTI. ela. bAilI (jina maMjarI), nemIcaMda jaina (tIrthaMkara) tathA I. Ara. zrIkRSNa zarmA pramukha haiM / maiM vizeSataH DA. ena. ela. jaina kA bahuta AbhArI hUM jinhoMne isa pustaka ke saMzodhana meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna kiyA hai| maiM zrI gurudeva citrabhAnu, DA. dulIcaMda jaina, aura rAja khullara ko unakI satata preraNA ke liye, aura zrI hairI TrikeTa ko unakI upayogI samIkSA ke liye dhanyavAda denA cAhatA huuN| zrI yArkazAyara jaina phAuMDezana ke sadasyoM ne apanI baiThakoM meM isa pustaka ke saMzodhana meM bahuta yogadAna kiyA hai| maiM apanI patnI sau. pavana ke sujhAvoM se bahuta lAbhAnvita huA hU~ tathA mujhe parivAra ke anya sadasyoM-belA, raghu, hemaMta, prIti, nItA, aura himAMzu se bhI bahuta sahayoga milA hai| sAtha hI, sau. pavana ne kRpAkara isa saMskaraNa ke prUpha dekheM hai tathA nayI viSaya-sUcI taiyAra kI hai / mujhe vizvAsa hai ki isa saMskaraNa ke uttama guNavattA ke kAgaja para mRdrita hone tathA isake phalasvarUpa isake citroM kI guNavattA ke abhivardhita hone se pAThakoM ko isake par3hane meM aura bhI adhika prasannatA hogI / paryUSaNa, 25 agasta, 1995 ke. vI. maraDiyA

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Amukha prathama aMgrejI saMskaraNa idhara kucha samaya se jaina dharma ko samajhane aura Adhunika saMdarbha meM usakI upayogitA ke mUlyAMkana ke liye jaina aura jainetara jagata meM paryApta jAgarUkatA AI hai| videzoM ke vividha - saMskRtivAle yuvaka gaNa Adhunika pariveza meM isa dharma kI prAsaMgikatA ko samajhane kA prayAsa kara rahe haiN| merA vicAra hai ki jaina dharma kI nIMva vaijJAnika siddhAntoM para AdhArita hai jo pratyeka vyakti dvArA mUlyAMkita kI jA sakatI hai| udAhaNArtha, maiMne cAra svataH siddha avadhAraNAyeM (yA sUtra eksiyama, AdhArabhUta maulika mAnyatAyeM) prakalpita kI haiM jina para mere vicAra se, jaina dharma kI sthApanA huI hai / ye svataHsiddha avadhAraNAyeM jaina dharma ke vivaraNa kI tulanA meM usake sAra para adhika kendrita haiM / 1 isa pustaka ke lekhana kA prArambha 1975 meM usa samaya huA jaba maiMne lIDsa vizvavidyAlaya, briTena ke sAMkhyikI ke prophesara ke rUpa meM udghATana bhASaNa diyA thA aura jaina dharma kI sAMkhyikI vijJAna ke sAtha prAsaMgikatA nidarzita kI thI / maiMne apanI cAra svataH siddha avadhAraNAoM ko sarvaprathama lesTara kI eka choTI sabhA meM 1979 meM prastuta kiyA thaa| isa baiThaka meM DA0 naTUbhAI zAha aura pro. paoNla mAreTa bhI upasthita the| sabhI ne ina avadhAraNAoM kA preraka svAgata kiyA / inhIM dinoM barkale vizvavidyAlaya keliphorniyA, amarIkA ke prophesara pI. esa. jainI kI "dI jaina pAtha Ava pyorIphikezana " ( aMtaraMga zuddhi kA jaina mArga, 1979 ) prakAzita huii| isane merI ruci ko punardIpta kiyaa| merI yaha pustaka prophesara jainI ke graMtha kI bahuta RNI hai| isa pustaka ke vivecanoM meM jaina AgamoM ke jo srota haiM, ve prAyaH sabhI unakI pustaka meM pAye jAte haiM aura isIliye unakI yahAM punarAvRtti nahIM kI gaI hai| jaina pAribhASika zabdoM kI vartanI (spailiMga) bhI prAyaH jainI jI kI pustaka ke anusAra hI dI gaI hai| unakI pustaka ke aMta meM jaina pAribhASika zabdAvalI bhI dI gaI hai jo yaha pAThaka ko yaha anubhava karAyagI ki jaina dharma meM 'karma' aura 'yoga' jaise pAribhASika zabdoM ke artha hindU dharma meM pracalita artha se pUrNataH bhinna haiM / isakA artha yaha hai ki ina zabdoM ke lokapriya

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xvi jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA aMgrejI artha jainoM ke saMdarbha meM upayukta nahIM haiM / ( kucha pramukha zabda dekhiye jo Age diye gaye haiM / ) jaina dharma ke prAthamika paricaya ke liye, maiM pAThakoM ko paoNla mAreTa kI pustaka "jainIjma eksplenDa" (jainadharma kI vyAkhyA, 1989 ) aura zrI vinoda kapAsI kI pustaka "jainIjma phAra yaMga parasansa (yuvAoM ke liye jainadharma, 1985) par3hane kA sujhAva denA cAhatA hU~ / pro0 ursulA kiMga (1987) ke eka sadyaH prakAzita lekha kA adhyayana bhI upayogI hogA / isa pustaka ke adhyayana ke liye maiM yaha mAnatA hU~ ki pAThaka sAdhAraNa bhautikI evaM sAMkhyikI se paricita hoNge| isase isa pustaka meM spaSTa vaijJAnika aura sacitra nirUpaNa ho sakA hai jo anyathA saMbhava nahIM ho pAtA / aneka jaina yuvaka vizvAsa kI apekSA janmajAta rUpa meM apane dharma kA pAlana karate haiN| bhArata meM lagabhaga 90 lAkha jaina haiM aura videzoM meM bhI lagabhaga eka lAkha jaina haiM / merA vizvAsa hai ki yaha pustaka nayI pIr3hI ko buddhivAdI vizvAsapUrNa jaina banAne meM sahAyaka hogii| isake prathama adhyAya meM jainadharma kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai aura phira cAra svataHsiddha avadhAraNAoM kI sUcI dI gaI hai / adhyAya 2 se 7 meM ina avadhAraNAoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai aura Adhunika saMdarbha meM unakI tarkasaMgatatA ko vivecita kiyA gayA hai| ina avadhAraNAoM ke kAraNa kucha mahattvapUrNa biMdu bhI ubhare haiM jina para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| adhyAya 8 meM jainoM ke mUlabhUta AcaraNa aura abhyAsoM kI rUparekhA dI gaI hai| adhyAya 9 meM jaina tarkazAstra sambandhI kucha dhAraNAyeM dI gaI haiN| adhyAya 10 meM yaha nirUpita kiyA gayA hai ki jaina dharma aura Adhunika vijJAna eka-dUsare se kisa prakAra sambandhita haiN| pratyeka adhyAya kI samApti para svarabheda (DAikriTikala mArksa, svara vizeSaka cihna), ke sAtha mUla pAribhASika zabda tathA unake aMgrejI samakakSa zabda diye gaye haiN| isase pAThaka ko samakakSa zabda tathA svarabheda vizeSaka vartanI ko jAnane meM sahAyatA milegI / pustaka ke prathama pariziSTa meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana caritra diyA gayA hai| dvitIya pariziSTa meM jaina AgamoM ke sambandha meM jAnakArI dI gaI hai jinase uparokta svataH siddha avadhAraNAyeM niSkarSita kI gaI haiN| jainadharma meM, IsAI dharma kI ekala pustaka 'bAibila' ke samAna koI eka pavitra pustaka

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xvii jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA nahIM hai| zvetAmbara jainoM ke anusAra, ina AgamoM kI uccatara saMkhyA 45 taka hai jaba ki digambaroM ke anusAra, yaha saMkhyA 26 taka sImita hai| pariziSTa 3 a meM AgamoM ke ve mUla uddharaNa diye gaye haiM jo uparokta avadhAraNAoM ke AdhAra haiN| sAtha hI, pariziSTa 3 ba meM kucha mahattvapUrNa uddharaNa diye gaye haiM jinakA isa pustaka meM sthAna-sthAna para ullekha kiyA gayA hai| pariziSTa 4 meM Atma-zuddhi ke caraNoM kI mahattvapUrNa avadhAraNA ko eka sarala sAMpa-sIDhI ke manoraMjaka krIr3A-nidarzana ke mAdhyama se samajhAyA gayA hai| pustaka ke aMta meM saMdarbha-graMtha sUcI evaM anukramaNikA bhI dI gaI hai| jo loga jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM ko sIdhe hI Agamika srotoM se jAnanA cAhate haiM, unheM AcArya umAsvAti kA tattvArthasUtra par3hanA caahiye| isake aMgrejI anuvAda bhI upalabdha haiN| isake liye kRpayA isa pustaka kI saMdarbha-graMtha sUcI dekheN| phira bhI, isake prAthamika adhyayana ke samaya pAThaka ko jaina dharma ke vyApaka vargIkaraNa, upa-vargIkaraNa Adi ko gaMbhIratA se nahIM lenA cAhiye kyoMki aisA karane para vaha jaina-siddhAntoM ke sAra ko jAnane ke badale anya vivaraNoM meM bhaTaka jaaygaa| ye vyApaka rUparekhAyeM aneka sadiyoM taka mahattvapUrNa rahIM, kyoMki una dinoM mUlabhUta siddhAnta, sAmAnyataH, maukhika rUpa me hI saMcArita kiye jAte the| ___ mai hairI TrikeTa ke prati apanA AbhAra vyakta karanA cAhatA hUM jinhoMne isa pustaka ke vividha prArUpoM ko par3hA aura racanAtmaka sujhAva diye| maiM jaina samAja, yUropa ke adhyakSa DA. naTUbhAI zAha, pro. pI. esa. jainI, gurudeva zrI citrabhAnu, gaNeza lalavAnI, paoNla mAreTa, vinoda kapAsI, nAijela smITana, allana vATakinsa, vijaya jaina, Tima hainsavartha, aura apane svargIya mitra kuMdana jogeTara kA bhI AbhArI huuN| merI patnI sau. pavana, mere bacce-belA, hemaMta aura nItA tathA lIDsa jaina grupa ke sadasyoM ke sujhAvoM se bhI maiM bahuta lAbhAnvita huA huuN| ina sabhI kA maiM AbhArI huuN| isa pustaka meM maiMne jaina dharma kI vividha dhAraNAoM ko, jahAM taka saMbhava ho sakA hai, vastuniSTha dRSTi se Adhunika vijJAna ke AdhAra para punarvyAkhyAyita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| isa prakriyA meM sabase bar3I kaThinAI yaha rahI hai ki jaina pAribhASika zabda saMskRta aura prAkRta bhASAoM para AdhArita haiM jabaki Adhunika vijJAna kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI yUnAnI bhASA para AdhArita hai| maiM yaha mAnatA hU~ ki vijJAna ke eka sImita kSetra kA vidyArthI aneka varSoM ke zrama ke bAda zodha-upAdhi ko prApta karatA hai| isI

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xviii jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA prakAra hama yaha AzA karate haiM ki jaina dharma ke pAribhASika AdhAra ko samajhane ke liye bhI utanA hI samarpaNa-paraka zrama honA cAhiye / isa sambandha meM hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki elabarTa AiMsTIna ke sApekSavAda ko, vizeSajJoM taka ko, samajhane ke liye kitanA samaya lagA thaa| anta meM, maiM jainoM kI isa mAnyatA ko jora dekara kahanA cAhatA hU~ ki jaina vijJAna kI satyatA kA anubhava tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba vyakti 'kevala jJAnI' yA 'anaMta jJAnI' ho jAye / lIDsa, yU.ke. dIvAlI, 9 navaMbara 1988 kAnti vI. maraDiyA

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vizeSa AbhAra pradarzana isa pustaka ke adhikAMza adhyAyoM ke vivecana prophesara padmanAbha esa. jainI kI pustaka "dI jaina pAtha Ava pyorIphikezana" (aMtaraMga zuddhi kA jaina mArga, 1979), barkale yUnivarsiTI presa, barkale, keliphorniyA, amerikA (jo motIlAla banArasI dAsa, dillI se bhI 1979 meM punaH prakAzita huI hai) kI AdhArabhUta sAmagrI para paryApta mAtrA meM AdhArita hai| vizeSataH maiM unakI pustaka ke nimnalikhita pRSThoM kI sAmagrI ke liye AbhAra mAnatA hU~ jise maiMne apanI isa pustaka meM uddhRta kiyA hai : (1). adhyAya 1 pRSTha 32 (2). adhyAya 3 pRSTha 98 (3). adhyAya 4 pRSTha 109, 112-4,125-7 (4). adhyAya 5 pRSTha 140-1, 147, 150 (5). adhyAya 6 pRSTha 159,168-69,171 (6). adhyAya 8 pRSTha 252-3

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mUla pAribhASika zabda (Key Words) isa pustaka ke pratyeka adhyAya ke aMta meM saMskRta aura prAkRta ke mUla pAribhASika zabda diye gaye haiM aura unake anurUpa aMgrejI anuvAda bhI diyA gayA hai| phira bhI, aisA pratIta hotA hai ki nimnalikhita mUla zabdoM kA yathArtha anuvAda nahIM ho sakatA, lekina unakA upayoga isa pustaka meM bArabAra kiyA gayA hai| jo loga jainadharma se paricita nahIM haiM, unake liye ina paribhASika zabdoM aura unake artha kA jJAna upayogI hogA / 1. jaina 2. digambara / zvetAmbara : 3. karma / karma pudgala : 4. mokSa AtmA / jIva 6. tIrthakara / jina 7. yoga 5. : : : (a) saMjJA : jainadharma kA pAlana karanevAlA (ba) vizeSaNa : jaina dharma se sambandhita jainoM ke do pramukha sampradAya : digambaroM ke sAdhu acela yA nagna hote haiM aura zvetAmbaroM ke sAdhu savastra hote haiM / vaha tattva jo AtmA ke punarjanma kI niyati nirdhArita karatA hai| yaha bhautika 'karma kaNoM - kArmona se bane hote haiM / punarjanma se mukti prApta karane ke bAda kI avasthA (nirvANa ) karma- pudgaloM se saMyukta yA zuddha cetana dravya jainoM ke dharma-pravartaka zalAkApuruSa, jainoM ke sarvajJa AdhyAtmika deva puruSa zarIra, mana aura vacana kI pravRttiyAM

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xiii XV xix xx xxi 1-10 viSaya sUcI samarpaNa kAnti aura pavana maraDiyA prakAzakIya DA. sAgaramala jaina hindI saMskaraNa kA Amukha ke. vI. maraDiyA anuvAdakIya ena. ela. jaina prAkkathana (aMgrejI kA prathama saMskaraNa) ____ paoNla mAraiTa Amukha dvitIya aMgrejI saMskaraNa ke. vI. maraDiyA Amukha prathama aMgrejI saMskaraNa ke. vI. maraDiyA vizeSa AbhAra pradarzana mUla pAribhASika (jaina) zabda viSaya sUcI adhyAya 1. jaina aura jaina dharma 1.1 viSaya praveza 1.2 jaina dharma ke kucha pramukha siddhAnta 1.3 svataHsiddha avadhAraNAtmaka upagamana 1.4 pAribhASika zabdAvalI adhyAya 2. AtmA aura karma-pudgaloM kA siddhAnta (svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 1) 2.1 svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 1 2.2 jainoM kI mUlabhUta dhAraNAyeM 2.2.1 AtmA 2.2.2 kArmana kaNa aura karma-pudgala 2.2.3 AtmA aura karma kI anyonyakriyA 2.3. pAribhASika zabdAvalI 2.3.1 karmabaMdha kI prakriyA 2.3.2 kArmika ghanatva 2.3.3 dIrghakAlika sAmya kI avasthA 2.3.4 nava tattva 2.4. mahattvapUrNa sadRzatAyeM 11-23

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viSaya sUcI 20 24- 31 24 25 28 32-48 32 4.3 35 37 xxii 2.4.1 cumbakatva 2.4.2 anya vividha anurUpatAyeM 2.5 pAribhASika zabdAvalI adhyAya 3 : jIvana kA anukrama : (svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 2) 3.1 svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 2 3.2 jIvana ke yUniTa aura jIvana dhurI/akSa 3.3 iMdriyoM kI saMkhyA yA cetanA (buddhi) ke AdhAra para jIvana kI dhurI ke vibhAga 3.4 cAra gatiyAM yA astitva kI avasthAyeM 3.5 pAribhASika zabdAvalI adhyAya 4 : janma aura maraNa ke cakra (svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 3) 4.1 svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 3 4.2 kArmika ghaTaka kisakA parivahana hotA hai ? 4.4 chaha dravya 4.5 jainoM kI kaNa-bhautikI 4.6 jIvana cakroM kA vyAvahArika nihitArtha 4.7 sAmAnya samIkSA 4.8 pAribhASika zabdAvalI adhyAya 5 : karmo kA prAyogika baMdha (svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 4 a) 5.1 svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 4 a 5.2 vyavahAra meM karma ke ghaTaka 5.3 bhAvAtmaka kriyAyeM aura cAra kaSAya 5.4 kaSAyoM kI taratamatA yA koTi 5.5 pAribhASika zabdAvalI adhyAya 6. kArmana-kaNoM kA sImAMta avazoSaNa (svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 4 ba) 6.1. svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 4 ba 6.2. svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 4 ba ke nihitArtha 6.3. hiMsA kA bhAva pakSa 6.4. jaina vizvIya kAlacakra 6.5. pAribhASika zabdAvalI 43 AA 49-60 49 50 51 61-71

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viSaya sUcI adhyAya 7. 7.1 7.2 svataH siddha avadhAraNA 4 sa Atma-zodhana kI dhurI aura Atma-zodhana ke caudaha guNasthAna pahale cAra guNasthAna 7.3.1. prathama cAra caraNoM kI paribhASA aura AMtarika gati 7.3.2. caturtha guNasthAna kA varNana aura dRzya saMketa 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 Atma-vijaya kA mArga ( svataH siddha avadhAraNA 4 sa ) pAMcaveM guNasthAna se gyArahavAM guNasthAna bArahaveM se caudahavAM guNasthAna guNasthAnoM ke staroM aura saMkramaNoM kA yojanAbaddha nirUpaNa vibhinna guNasthAnoM meM anyonya- saMkramaNa pAribhASika zabdAvalI adhyAya 8. zuddhikaraNa ke upAya 8.1. viSaya praveza 8.2. samyaktva ke ATha aMga 8.3. jaina zrAvakoM ke liye pAMcavAM guNasthAna chaThavAM guNasthAna aura sAdhu 8.4. 8.5. uccatara guNasthAna aura dhyAna tIna ratna 8.6. 8.7. Atmika vikAsa kI prakriyA kA paramparAgata ghI - nirmANa evaM Adhunika moTara - cAlana prakrama se sAdRzya pAribhASika zabdAvalI jaina tarkazAstra 8.8. adhyAya 9. 9.1. viSaya praveza 9.2. anumAna ke pAMca avayava 9.3. sApekSavAda yA pAristhitika kathana kA siddhAnta yA syAdvAda 72 73 75 75 77 79 80 8888888 81 86 86 89 89 90 91 95 97 99 103 105 107 108 xxiii 72 89-104 105-113

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122 124 128 xxiv viSaya sUcI 9.4. sApekSa samagratA kA siddhanta 109 9.5. vivecana 112 9.6. pAribhASika zabdAvalI 113 adhyAya 10. jainadharma aura Adhunika vijJAna 114-125 10.1 anurUpatAyeM yA upamAyeM 114 10.2 Adhunika kaNa-bhautikI 116 10.3 prakRti meM vidyamAna cAra bala 119 10.4 kucha aura upamAyeM 10.5 upasaMhArI TippaNI upasaMhAra 126.130 1. kArmana aura karmoM kA vyaktigata kaMpyUTara 126 2. karma-baMdha aura zAkAhAra 127 3. kArmana kaNa aura jJAna kA AvaraNa 4. AtmA ke zuddhikaraNa kA mArga 128 5. Atma saMyama aura paryAvaraNa kI samasyAyeM 129 pariziSTa pariSiSTa 1. bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana vRtta 131-135 pa.1.1 lakSya kA anusaraNa aura bodhi-prApti 132 pa.1.2 tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM mahAvIra kA jIvana 133 pariziSTa 2. jaina Agama graMtha 134-141 pa.2.1 pramukha Agama graMtha 134 pa.2.2 dvitIyaka jaina Agama pariziSTa 3. uddharaNa 142-143 a. svataHsiddha avadhAraNAyeM 142 ba. graMthoM ke uddharaNa : mUla pATha 142 pariziSTa 4. guNasthAna aura sAMpa-sIDhI kA khela 144-145 saMdarbha graMtha sUcI 146-152 a. prAkRta, saMskRta yA hindI ke graMtha aura unake anuvAda 146 ___ba. Adhunika graMtha zabdAvalI anukramaNikA 153-159 sAmAnya zabdAnukramaNikA 160-166 139 148

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adhyAya 1 jaina aura jainadharma 1.1 viSaya praveza Namo arihaMtANaM jainoM ke sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa prArthanA maMtra kI yaha prathama paMkti hai| isakA artha hai, "maiM usa vyakti ko jise arihaMta, arhat kahA gayA hai, pragAr3ha namaskAra karatA hU~ jisane apane rAga-dveSa rUpI aMtaraMga zatruoM para vijaya prApta kara lI ho|" AdarabhAva kI yaha abhivyakti vyakti ke dharma, jAti yA sAmAjika stara kI dRSTi se nirapekSa hai| yaha guNa - vizeSita namaskAra hai / jaina zabda prAcIna bhAratIya bhASA - ardhamAgadhI ke "jiNa " zabda se vyutpanna huA hai| yaha bhASA 2500 varSa yA usase bhI pahale bhArata ke kucha bhAgoM (vizeSataH magadha aura kozala) kI janabhASA thii| isa 'jiNa' zabda kA artha vaha vyakti hai jisane AdhyAtmika vijaya prApta kara lI ho, jisane rAga- - dveSa jaise durguNoM ko pUrNataH jIta liyA ho| 'jiNa' zabda kA saMskRta rUpa 'jina' hai| isakA bhI yahI artha hai / isa AdhAra para jainadharma kA artha vaha dharma hai jo jainoM dvArA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai / tathApi, hama dharma kI apekSA Atmavijaya ke mArga ko mahattva dene ke liye jainadharma ko 'jainatva' ( Jain-ness) ke rUpa meM samajheMge / vastutaH jainoM dvArA pArasparika abhivAdana ke samaya "jaya jineMdra" kahA jAtA hai / isa zabda kA artha "paramottama jina kI jayakAra yA unheM AdarabhAva" hai / sAmAnya rUpa se kathana karane para yaha kahA jAtA hai ki jainadharma kI sthApanA tIrthaMkaroM ne kI thI / tIrthaMkara ve mahApuruSa yA zalAkApuruSa haiM jo jIvana ke azAMta samudra ko pAra karane kA mArga dikhAte haiN| ve AdhyAtmika patha ke mArgadarzaka haiN| tIrthaMkara vartamAna kAlacakra ke avasarpiNI yuga meM caubIsa hue haiN| isake atirikta, bhUtakAla aura bhaviSyakAla meM bhI caubIsa tIrthaMkara hue haiM aura hoNge| isa prakAra, tIrthaMkara paramparA kA eka avirata cakra hai| isI kAraNa jainadharma ko anAdi kahA jAtA hai| vartamAna yuga ke prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva the / jaina paramparA ke anusAra, RSabhadeva aneka yugoM pUrva hue haiN| lekina jainadharma kI aitihAsikatA ekamata se teIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha, lagabhaga 2800 varSa pUrva (paraMparAgata tithi 877 - 777 I. pU.) ke samaya se mAnI jAne lagI hai|

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2 ? 872 B.C. 772 B.C. 599 B.C. 563 B.C.. 527 B.C. 483 B.C. 384 B.C. 4 B.C.? 1869 A.D. 1948 A.D. 13 NOV. 1974 6 April 2002 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA bhagavAna RSabha bhagavAna pArzva, teisaveM tIrthaMkara buddha bhagavAna mahAvIra, caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bha. mahAvIra kA nirvANa bha. buddha kA nirvANa arastU jIsasa krAisTa mahAtmA gAMdhI mahAvIra ke nirvANa kA 2500 vAM varSa bha. mahAvIra kA 2600 vA janma jayaMtI varSa citra 1.2 jaina itihAsa kI kucha mahattvapUrNa tithiyA~, yahA~ kucha anya tithiyA~ bhI dI gaI haiM ( yaha rekhAcitra raikhika paimAne para nahIM hai)

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jaina aura jainadharma jaina nyAya aura darzana to caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya se pramukhatA meM aaye| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma 599 IsA pUrva (kanu pillaI, 1973 ke anusAra, somavAra, mArca 27, 599 I.pU.) aura nirvANa 527 I.pU. (maMgalavAra, akTUbara 15, 527 I.pU.) meM huA thaa| ve gautama buddha (563-483 I.pU) ke samakAlIna the| ve donoM 36 varSa taka sama-vyApta rahe, parantu eka-dUsare se kabhI nahIM mile| ataH yaha eka sAdhAraNa bAta hai ki una donoM dharmanetAoM ke viSaya meM aura unake dharma ke viSaya meM bhrAnti ho| tathApi, inakI pratimAoM se unheM vibhedita kiyA jA sakatA hai| buddha kI pratimAyeM savastra hotI haiM jabaki mahAvIra kI pratimAyeM binA vastra ke hotI haiM (citra 1.1 dekheN)| yaha bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki jaba buddha jJAna prApti kI prakriyA meM saMlagna the, taba mahAvIra apane jIvana ke carama utkarSa para the| mahAvIra ke jIvana ke pUrNa vivaraNa ke liye isa pustaka kA pariziSTa - 1 dekhiye| ina tithiyoM ko aitihAsika dRSTi se dekhane para jJAta hotA hai ki yUnAna ke saMta arastU 384 I.pU. meM utpanna hue the aura jIsasa krAisTa lagabhaga 4 I.pU. meM utpanna hue the| yahAM yaha bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki bhArata meM mahAvIra kA 2500 vAM nirvANa mahotsava 13 navambara 1974 se 4 navambara 1975 taka manAyA gayA thaa| ye sabhI mahattvapUrNa tithiyA~ citra 1.2 meM saMkSepita kI gaI haiN| (varSa 2001-02 meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA 2600 vAM janma mahotsava manAyA jA rahA hai)| jainadharma ke aneka prazaMsakoM meM mahAtmA gAMdhI kA nAma prasiddha hai jo zrImad rAjacaMda bhAI jaina se bahuta prabhAvita hue the (dekhiye, esa. ena. he., 1970) / 1.2 jainadharma ke kucha pramukha siddhAnta jainadharma kA sarvAdhika pramukha siddhAnta mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika ahiMsA hai| yaha kevala manuSya mAtra ke prati hI nahIM, varan sabhI nimna koTi ke jIvoM ke prati bhI lAgU hotA hai| isIliye prAyaH sabhI jaina anuyAyI zAkAhArI hote haiN| ve zahada aura zarAba bhI nahIM lete| unakA vizvAsa hai ki inameM sUkSma jIvana hotA hai, sUkSma jIva hote haiN|

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jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA isake anya pramukha pahalU haiM : 1. satyavAditA 2. corI na karanA 3. vyaktigata parigraha yA saMpatti kI maryAdA evaM 4. amaithunI bhaavnaayeN| dhyAna aura sAmAnya Atma-saMyama bhI jainadharma ke aMga haiN| - jaina na to kisI bhI aise bAharI Izvara meM vizvAsa karate haiM jisane saMsAra racA ho aura jo usakA pAlana-poSaNa karatA ho aura na hI ve kisI uddhAraka ke astitva meM vizvAsa karate haiN| jainoM kA mata hai ki vyakti ko samyak-darzana, samyak-jJAna tathA samyaka-cAritra ke mAdhyama se svayaM hI apanA Atma-uddhAra karanA hai yA mukti prApta karanI hai| aisA vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki mukti yA nirvANa janma, mRtyu aura punarjanma ke cakra ko samApta kara detA hai| jisa samaya AtmA mukti prApta karatA hai, vaha apane anantAnaMda aura anantajJAna meM avasthita ho jAtA hai| jainoM meM na to IsAiyoM ke popa (pradhAna dharmAdhyakSa) ke samAna koI eka sarvAdhikAra sampanna netA hai aura na hI koI sarvocca adhikAra sampanna prAmANika vyakti hai| tathApi, inameM kucha sAdhu, guru yA zikSaka, upAdhyAya aura zrAvaka netA hote haiM jinakA ve vizeSa Adara karate haiN| inakI aneka pavitra pustakeM yA Agama (skripcarsa) haiM (pariziSTa 2 dekhiye) lekina IsAiyoM kI bAibila ke samAna ekamAtra pavitra pustaka nahIM hai| phira bhI, (dUsarI sadI IsvI kA) tattvArthasUtra jainadharma kI eka sarvAdhika mAnya evaM sarvasamAvezI pustaka hai| ina saba mAdhyamoM ke bAvajUda bhI, isa mata me pratyeka vyakti ko satya kI khoja svayaM karanI par3atI hai kyoMki yahAM na to koI purohita hotA hai aura na hI aisI pavitra pustakeM haiM jo sabhI samasyAoM yA praznoM ke uttara de skeN| jainadharma ke siddhAMtoM meM svayaM satyApana kI vivakSA rahatI hai jisase isakA anuyAyI prayogazAlA meM eka zodhArthI ke samAna svayaM satya kI khoja kara ske| jainoM ke 'digambara' (acela) aura zvetAmbara (zvetapaTa yA sacela) pramukha sampradAya haiN| ye donoM hI sampradAya mUrtipUjA meM vizvAsa karate haiN| lekina inakI mUrtiyAM bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI hotI haiN| zvetAmbaroM kI mUrtiyoM kI AMkheM, oSTha va dhar3a maMDita, jar3ita yA sajjita hote haiN| digambara paMtha kA vizvAsa hai ki sAdhuoM ko sabhI cIjoM-yahAM taka ki vastroM kA bhI tyAga kara denA caahiye| isake viparyAsa meM, zvetAmbara sAdhu sapheda vastra pahanate haiN| digambaroM ke anusAra jina (bhagavAna) kisI bhI

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5 jaina aura jainadharma sAMsArika kriyA meM bhAga nahIM lete aura unakI zArIrika kriyAyeM bhI nahIM hotIM / sudhAravAdI AMdolana bhI hue haiN| zvetAmbaroM ke do upa-sampradAyasthAnakavAsI (sthAnaka meM rahanevAle) aura terApaMthI (terA - jina kA paMtha mAnanevAle), maMdiroM aura mUrtiyoM meM vizeSataH vizvAsa nahIM karate haiN| inake atirikta, digambaroM kA bhI eka upa-sampradAya - tAraNapaMtha bhI mUrtipUjA kA virodhI hai / sAraNI 1.1 meM vibhinna jaina sampradAyoM evaM upa-sampradAyoM kA samagra vivaraNa diyA gayA hai jisameM sampradAyoM ke saMsthApaka, prArambha kAla evaM vibhedaka lakSaNa bhI diye gaye haiN| inakI vibhinna bAhya pramukhatAoM ke bAvajUda bhI sabhI jaina matAvalambI jainadharma kI maulika mAnyatAoM evaM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM vizvAsa karate haiM / sAraNI 1.1: jaino ke vibhinna sampradAya, unake saMsthApaka, prArambhakAla aura vibhedaka lakSaNa 1. 2. sampradAya digambara sudhAravAdI AMdolana 1 a. tAraNa paMtha 1 ba. anya, zvetAmbara sudhAravAdI AMdolana 2 a. sthAnakavAsI 2 ba terApaMthI saMsthApaka bhadrabAhu banArasIdAsa, ToDaramala sthUlabhadra tAraNa svAmI solahavIM sadI maMdira nahIM hote, prArthanA / svAdhyAya bhavana hote haiM / lokazAha prArambhakAla 300 I.pU. AcArya bhIkhaNajI solahavIM sadI aThAravIM sadI 300 I.pU. paMdrahavIM sadI vizeSatAyeM sAdhu acela hote haiM, mUrtipUjaka, striyoM kI mukti nahIM hotI 1760 I. pUrNa saMyama, maMdiro meM vidhAnAdi nahIM hotA / zveta vastrI sAdhu, mUrtipUjaka, striyoM kI mukti ho sakatI hai| maMdira va mUrtipUjA nahIM, sAdhu paTTI lagAte haiM maMdira evaM mUrtipUjA nahIM, sAdhuoM ko sahAyatA, anya ko nahIM,

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jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA Kareewana m a A RREARS6230deodownlodsonaloKIR505866000000000MasubbedEKORAK H AND N CAM citra 1.1 caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mUrti (zvetAmbara mUrti, isameM AMkha, oSTha evaM dhar3a sajjita va cihnita haiN)| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mUrti kI pahacAna usake AdhAratala para siMha ke cihna se kI jAtI hai (sirohI, rAjasthAna ke maMdira kI muurti)| (citra 1.1 meM mahAvIra kI zvetAmbara mUrti dekhiye aura citra 1.3 meM teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI digambara mUrti dekhiye|)

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jaina aura jainadharma 1.3 svataH siddha avadhAraNAtmaka yA sUtrAtmaka upagamana AdhyAtmika unnati kA pratyeka mArga kucha viziSTa dhAraNAoM yA vizvAsoM ke sAtha prAraMbha hotA hai| isa pustaka meM maine yaha batAyA hai ki jainoM ke ina vizvAsoM ko cAra maulika evaM svataH siddha avadhAraNAoM yA sUtroM ke rUpa meM abhivyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai jisake AdhAra para samagra jaina adhyAtma patha samajhA jA sakatA hai| ye svataHsiddha avadhAraNAyeM yA sUtra nimna prakAra ke praznoM kA samAdhAna detI haiM : 1. hama apUrNa kyoM haiM ? 2. apanI apUrNatA ko dUra karane ke liye hameM kyA karanA cAhiye ? yadi hama vAstava meM, amara hote pUrNa aura ananta AnaMdamaya hote jahAM hamArI sArI icchAyeM pUrNa hotIM, to hamAre liye kisI bhI AdhyAtmika patha kA koI mahattva nahIM hotaa| lekina, vastutaH hamameM se pratyeka prANI apane astitva ke mukhya biMdu ke rUpa meM sukha aura duHkha bhare jIvana meM vividha prakAra ke utthAna aura patana ke cakra se gujaratA hai| isake atirikta, hamAre sAmane sabhI prakAra ke prANI haiM jo ina sAMsArika prakriyAoM meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI pratikriyA pradarzita karate haiN| vibhinna prANiyoM meM isa prakAra ke bheda kyoM pAye jAte haiM ? koI vyakti vikalAMga kyoM paidA hotA hai ? isa saMsAra meM acche aura bure AdamI kyoM haiM ? kyA saMsAra meM koI aisA hai jo 'pUrNa' ho ? kyA roga, mRtyu aura vinAza anivArya haiM ? isa saMsAra meM jIvana yA jIvoM ke vibhinna rUpa kyoM haiM ? jaina dRSTikoNa se ina sabhI praznoM kA uttara dene ke liye, maiMne cAra svataH siddha avadhAraNAoM yA sUtroM kI yojanA kI hai, jo nimnalikhita haiM : 7 svataH siddha avadhAraNA - 1 : AtmA karma - pudgaloM se saMdUSita sthiti meM rahatA hai aura yaha cAhatA hai ki vaha pUrNa parizuddha ho / svataH siddha avadhAraNA - 2 : saMsAra ke prANI eka-dUsare se bhinna hote haiM, kyoMki unake sAtha sambaddha karma - pudgaloM kI prakRti aura ghanatva parivartI hote haiN|

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jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA citra 1.3 bhagavAna pArzva, teIsaveM tIrthaMkara (digambara pratimA); inakI AMkheM, oSTha aura dhar3a sajjita yA maMDita nahI haiN| bha. pArzva kI mUrti kI pahacAna usake AdhAratala para bane phanavAle sarpa ke cihna se kI jAtI hai| yaha mUrti lIDsa, yU.ke. kI hai|

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jaina aura jainadharma svataHsiddha avadhAraNA-3 : karma baMdhana AtmA ko jIvana ke astitva kI vibhinna avasthAoM ke cakra meM Abaddha karatA hai| svataHsiddha avadhAraNA-4 a : karma kA baMdha mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ke kAraNa hotA hai| svataHsiddha avadhAraNA-4 ba : apane prati athavA anya ke prati kI jAnevAlI hiMsA naye atibhArI pApamaya karma-pudgaloM kA baMdha karatI hai| isake viparyAsa meM, jIvoM ko sakArAtmaka ahiMsakavRtti ke sAtha mokSamArga para jAne kI kriyAoM meM sahAyaka honA naye laghu-tara puNyamaya karma-pudgaloM kA baMdha karatA hai| svataHsiddha avadhAraNA-4 sa : tapa kA abhyAsa na kevala naye kArmana kaNoM yA karma-pudgaloM ke Asrava ke liye kArmika-surakSA kavaca banAtA hai, apitu yaha pUrvArjita karma-pudgaloM kI nirjaraNa prakriyA meM bhI yogadAna karatA hai| ye cAroM svataHsiddha avadhAraNAyeM jainadharma rUpI vRkSa kI jar3eM haiM, zAkhAyeM nhiiN| jaina AgamoM ke pariprekSya meM ina avadhAraNAoM ke artha aura unakI tarkasaMgatatA kI vivecanA Age ke adhyAyoM meM kI gaI hai| svataHsiddha avadhAraNAyeM 1-3 jainoM ke kArmana kaNoM (yA karma-pudagaloM) ke vaijJAnika siddhAnta ko prastAvita karatI haiM aura svataHsiddha avadhAraNAyeM 4a, 4ba aura 4sa isa siddhAMta ke anuprayoga nidarzita karatI haiN| 1.4 pAribhASika zabdAvalI tIrthaMkara RSabha : pArzva mahAvIra umAsvAti (mi) : tattvArthasUtra : dharma-pravartaka arhat prathama tIrthaMkara teIsaveM tIrthaMkara caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara jainoM ke eka pramukha AcArya jainoM kI eka sarvamAnya prAmANika pavitra pustaka

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10 2. jainoM ke sampradAya digambara zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI tAraNapaMtha terApaMtha mukhapaTTikA : : : jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA ala-dharmI sacela dharmI svAdhyAya / prArthanA bhavanoM meM rahane vAle / yaha mUrtipUjaka nahIM hai, isakI sthApanA lokAzAha (1415-1489 I.) ne kI hai| digambaroM kA eka sampradAya jo mUrtimUjaka nahIM hai| isakI sthApanA tAraNasvAmI (1448-1515 I.) ne kI hai| zvetAmbaroM kA eka sampradAya, jo mUrtipUjaka nahIM hai isakI sthApanA AcArya bhIkhaNajI (1726-1803) ne kI thI / muMha- paTTI

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adhyAya 2 AtmA evaM karma- pudgaloM kA siddhAnta ( svataH siddha avadhAraNA 1 ) 1: "AtmA karma - pudgaloM se saMdUSita sthiti meM svataHsiddha avadhAraNA rahatA hai aura yaha cAhatA hai ki vaha pUrNa parizuddha ho / " - 2.1 svataH siddha avadhAraNA siddhAMtataH isa avadhAraNA meM saMdUSita AtmA kI dhAraNA se yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki isa prANi-jagata meM AtmA do viziSTa ghaTakoM se banA huA hai : (1) bhautika aura nirjIva (karma) zarIra (2) avaziSTa abhautika aura sajIva - cetana ghaTaka yA AtmA isakA sajIva ghaTaka 'zuddha AtmA' ke rUpa meM vyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai jabaki isakA nirjIva aura bhautika ghaTaka (azuddha ghaTaka ) kArmika dravya ke rUpa meM vyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| (udAharaNa ke liye, sone ke ayaska para vicAra kIjiye / isameM dhAtumala aura zuddha sonA- donoM hote haiM : sone kA ayaska = dhAtumala + zuddhaM sonA yahA~ dhAtumala 'kArmika dravya hai aura isase bhinna avaziSTa bhAga 24 kaireTa sonA hai jo 'zuddha AtmA' ke samakakSa hai / yahA~ bhI kArmika pudgala, vAstava meM, vaha bhautika dravya hai jo AtmA ko dUSita yA azuddha banAtA hai| isakA sAmAnya zabda 'karma' (arthAt kriyA) se koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| sabase sarala aura sAmAnya rUpa se hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki zuddha AtmA meM 'jIvatva' ke sabhI mahattvapUrNa aura sakArAtmaka guNa (jJAna, darzana Adi) pAye jAte haiN| jaba yaha kArmika pudgaloM se saMdUSita hotA hai, taba isameM nakArAtmaka prabhAva ajJAna, mithyAtva Adi utpanna hote haiN| tathApi, yaha sahI hai ki karma- pudgaloM se AtmA kA yaha saMdUSaNa svAbhAvika yA sahaja nahIM hai, kyoMki AtmA meM yaha sahaja icchA rahatI hai ki vaha inase pRthakkRta hI rahe / vyavahAra meM, isa saiddhAMtika dhAraNA se yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki saMsArI AtmA kA uddezya 'AtmA' kA zuddhikaraNa hai athavA 'karmapudgaloM para vijaya pAnA hai| vastutaH karma - pudgala sabhI prakAra ke duHkha, kaSTa Adi ke mUla

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jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA kAraNa haiN| yahAM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki hama 'AtmA' zabda ko do arthoM ke rUpa meM le rahe haiM : (1) zuddha AtmA aura (2) saMdUSita AtmA / lekina isa zabda kA artha saMdarbhAnusAra lenA cAhiye, arthAt 12 saMdUSita AtmA = aura, zuddha AtmA = ina dhAraNAoM ko tathA zuddha AtmA aura karma kI anyonyakriyA ko samajhane ke liye, sarvaprathama hameM jainoM ke saiddhAMtika vijJAna ko samajhanA hogaa| jainoM ke anuprayukta vijJAna ko svataH siddha avadhAraNA 4 (adhyAya 5 ) ke aMtargata nirUpita kiyA jAyagA / 2. 2 jainoM kI mUlabhUta dhAraNAyeM 2.2.1 AtmA aisA vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki prakRti meM eka aisA abhautika padArtha hai jisameM nimna cAra pramukha guNa pAye jAte haiM' : 1. 2. 3. 4. jJAna darzana AnaMda / sukha vIrya yA UrjA zuddha AtmA + saMdUSaka karma dUSita AtmA saMdUSaka karma hama ina cAroM guNoM ko 'AtmA ke ghaTaka' kheNge| inameM se pahale ke do ghaTaka AtmA ke 'jJAnAtmaka' kArya kA nirdeza karate haiM aura 'cetanA' ke rUpa haiN| sukha yA AnaMda eka aisI avasthA hai jisameM 'karuNA' evaM 'svAvalambana' ke guNa samAhita hote haiN| 'vIrya' eka amUrta bala hai jo AtmA ke jJAna aura darzana ke guNoM kI abhivyakti ke liye samucita sAmarthya pradAna karatA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki jainadharma meM 'AtmA' ke liye prayukta aneka zabdoM meM eka zabda 'jIva' bhI hai jo saMdUSita AtmA kA sajIva ghaTaka hai| 2.2.2 kArmana kaNa aura karma pudgala I sAmAnyataH karma-1 - pudgala ava - paramANuka karma- kaNoM ke bane hote haiM yahAM hama inheM 'kArmana kaNa ( Karmon Particles) kheNge| ye kArmana-kaNa isa jagata ke AkAza meM yAdRcchika aura mukta rUpa meM utarAte rahate haiM, para ye eka-dUsare se koI kriyA nahIM karate (saMbhavataH inameM gurutvIya bala atyaMta alpa hotA hai) / vizva ke sabhI ava- paramANuka kaNoM meM kArmana kaNa ati - viziSTa hote haiM kyoki ve kevala AtmA ( yA jIva) meM hI avazoSita

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AtmA evaM karma-pudgaloM kA siddhAnta 13 hote haiM aura ve svayaM baMdha ko prApta nahIM ho skte| isakA artha yaha hai ki karma-pudgala kArmana-kaNoM ke aNu yA skaMdha ke rUpa meM, kevala AtmA se saMyojita rUpa meM hI jur3ate haiN| isa prakAra karma-pudgala naye kArmana-kaNoM ke avazoSita karane para bar3ha jAte haiM aura kucha kArmana-kaNoM ke AkAza meM mukta hone se kama ho jAte haiN| 2.2.3. AtmA aura karma kI anyonyakriyA apanI zuddhatama avasthA meM, AtmA meM ananta jJAna, darzana, sukha aura vIrya guNa hote haiN| yaha AtmA sajIva vIrya hai, lekina sAmAnyataH, jaisA ki svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 1 se spaSTa hai ki sazarIrI AtmA karma-pudagaloM se saMdUSita hotI hai| AtmA aura karma-pudagaloM ke samAna atyaMta virodhI guNa vAle do ghaTakoM kI anyonyakriyA se aneka prakAra ke bhayaMkara vikAra utpanna ho sakate haiN| vizeSataH ye karma-pudgala AtmA ke jJAnAtmaka ghaTaka ko AvRtta karate haiM, AtmA ke darzanAtmaka ghaTaka ko AvRtta karate haiM, AtmA ke sukhAtmaka ghaTaka ko vikRta karate haiM, AtmA ke vIryAtmaka ghaTaka ko pratibaMdhita karate haiM, isa prakAra karma-pudgaloM ke kAraNa AtmA apane pUrNa guNoM kI abhivyakti kA lAbha nahIM le paataa| yahAM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki kevala sukha hI AtmA kA aisA ghaTaka hai jo anya rUpoM meM pariNata hotA hai| yaha parivartana madirA yA mUrchA ke prabhAva se vyakti meM hone vAle parivartanoM ke samAna hai| ye parivartana yA vikAra AtmA ke vIryAtmaka ghaTaka ko bhI vikRta kara dete haiN| tathApi, karma-dravya kevala AtmA me hI uttarajIvI hote haiN| lekina AtmA to svAvalambI hai aura isameM eka sahaja pravRtti hai ki yaha karma dravyoM se (jinameM vibhinna zarIra-dhAraNa bhI samAhita haiM), viyojita ho jAtI hai| AtmA kI isa sahaja vRtti ko hama isakI mukti kI icchA kA preraka kheNge| 2.3 pAribhASika zabdAvalI 2.3.1 karma-baMdha kI prakriyA yahAM hama kucha jaina pAribhASika zabdoM kA vivaraNa denA cAhate haiN| AtmA aura karma-pudagala ke madhya hone vAle baMdha ko karma-baMdha kahate haiN| yahAM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki karma-pudgala aura AtmA sahacarita yA eka hI kSetra meM rahate haiM, lekina inakA AtmA se pratyakSa samparka nahIM hotaa| tathApi, kArmika pudagala aura AtmA ke vikRta yA malina vIrya ke saMyugmita

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14 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA hone para, eka karma-bala kSetra yA karma-kSetra (prabhAva kSetra) kA nirmANa hotA hai| isa bala-kSetra ke kAraNa karmoM kA Asrava hotA hai arthAt sabhI dizAoM meM vidyamAna kArmana-kaNa AtmA meM pravAhita hone lagate haiN| sAtha hI, karma-bala AtmA ke bAdhita-vIrya ghaTaka se saMyugmita hokara AgaMtuka kArmana-kaNoM ke sAtha baMdha (fuse) jAte haiN| isa prakriyA ko hama karma-baMdha kahate haiN| isa naye karma baMdha ke kAraNa AtmA ke sAtha baMdhe hue samasta karmoM kA punargaThana hotA hai aura yaha prakriyA avirata rUpa se calatI rahatI hai| isa prakriyA ko citra 2.1 se 2.4 meM pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| yahAM hama karma-sahacarita AtmA ko eka varga kI AkRti ke rUpa meM pradarzita kareMgeM jahAM karma-pudagala isa kSetra meM vikarNI rekhAoM meM batAye gaye haiN| sAtha hI, yahAM karma-bala kSetra ko varga ke bAhara samAnAMtara rekhAoM se pradarzita kiyA gayA hai (citra 2.1) / vAstava meM, citra 2.1 karma-baMdha kI prakriyA ko nirUpita karatA hai| yaha nirUpaNa isa pustaka meM sarvatra prastuta kiyA jaaygaa| citra 2.2 meM karma-kSetra ke dvArA AkarSita kArmana-kaNoM (jo ki kAle vRtta-binduoM ke dvArA dikhAye gaye haiM) ko pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| yaha AkarSaNa mur3I huI bala rekhAoM se vyakta kiyA gayA hai| citra 2.3 meM karma-baMdha kI prakriyA ko AtmA kI Ter3hI-mer3hI bAharI sImA ke rUpa meM batAyA gayA hai| citra 2.4 meM karma-pudagaloM kI vRddhi, phalasvarUpa aura prabalatara karma-bala kSetra ko aneka moTI aura vikarNI rekhAoM ke dvArA pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| yahAM yaha mahattvapUrNa hai ki hama AtmA kI vibhinna avasthAoM ko aura unake phalasvarUpa una avasthAoM meM vidyamAna bhautika baloM ko bhI vibhedita kreN| isa prakAra AtmA kI vAstavika bhautika avasthA ko karma-Amrava kahate haiM jisase usa para kArmana-kaNoM kA balapUrNa Agamana hotA hai| jahAM kArmana kaNoM kA karma-pudgala ke sAtha vAstavika svAMgIkaraNa hotA hai, use karma-baMdha kahate haiN| abhI hamane karmabaMdha kI prakriyA batAI hai| para isake samAna hI karmoM ke kSaya yA nirjarA kI prakriyA bhI hotI hai jahAM kArmana-kaNoM kA niHsaraNa yA vigalana hotA hai| tathApi, yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki yadi karma-pudagala nahIM haiM, to kArmana-kaNa AtmA para koI prabhAva nahIM DAla skte| 2.3.2. kArmika ghanatva / prakRti meM vidyamAna kArmana-kaNa eka-dUsare se abhinna yA samarUpa hI hote haiM, lekina AtmA ke bAdhita vIrya se saMyukta kArmika bala ina kArmanoM meM kucha viziSTa kriyAtmakatA utpanna karate haiM jisase ve vibhedita ho jAte haiN|

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AtmA evaM karma - pudgaloM kA siddhAnta aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki ye kArmana-kaNa bhArI yA laghu kArmika dravyoM meM saMghaTita ho jAte haiM arthAt ve aise kArmika dravyoM meM sugaThita hote haiM jinakA ghanatva ucca yA alpa hotA hai| bhArI kArmika dravya se yaha saMketa milatA hai ki karma-baMdha prabala hai aura laghu kArmika dravya se karma-baMdha kI durbalatA prakaTa hotI hai| durbala karma-baMdha ko AtmA (jIva) se saralatA se apaghaTita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra kArmika dravyoM kA saMghaTana eka gatizIla yA parivartanazIla prakriyA hai aura isaliye isake kArya bhI parivartI hote haiN| isa prakriyA ko citra 2.5 meM pradarzita kiyA gayA hai jahAM vikarNI rekhAoM ke badale laghu kArmika dravya ke ghaTaka rikta vRttoM se pradarzita kiye gaye haiM aura bhArI kArmika dravya ke ghaTaka bhare hue vRttoM se pradarzita kiye gaye haiN| ye vaikalpika nirUpaNa kArmika dravya ke ghaTakoM kI vizeSatA prakaTa karate haiN| uparokta prakAra se vibhedita (laghu yA bhArI) kArmika ghanatva nimna kArakoM para nirbhara karate haiM : kArmika baMdha meM kArmana - kaNoM kI saMkhyA 1. karma pudgala AtmA, citra 2.1 karma - pudgala ( vikarNa rekhAyeM), aura karmabala rekhAoM ( samAnAMtara rekhAyeM ) ke sAtha AtmA (varga) : arthAt karma baMdha kA nidarzana karma bala rekhAyeM kArmana citra 2.2 eka AgaMtuka kArmana kaNa (= vRtta biMdu) aura kArmika Asrava (= vakra rekhAyeM) 15

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16 Z citra 2.3 citra 2.2 ke AgaMtuka kArmana - kaNoM ke sAtha karma-baMdha ( Ter3hI-mer3hI sImA) citra 2.4 citra 2.3 meM diye gaye karma-baMdha ke bAda punargaThita karma- pudgala (aneka aura moTI vikarNI rekhAyeM aura aneka bAharI rekhAyeM) 2 3 4 4. jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA (1). (2-3) (4). vibhinna prakAra ke karma - pudgala yA kArmika ghaTaka kArmika niHsaraNa kI sthitija UrjA baMdhe hue karma - kaNoM ke kSaya / patana kA samaya (sthiti) sAmAnyataH kArmika ghaTaka AtmA ke cAra mukhya ghaTakoM (2.2.1) ke virodhI hote haiM aura ve AtmA ke sukha ghaTaka ko vikRta karate haiM / jJAna aura darzana ghaTakoM ko AvRtta karate haiM / vIrya - ghaTaka ko avaruddha karate haiM / isa viSaya meM vistRta vivaraNa adhyAya 3 meM diyA gayA hai|

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AtmA evaM karma-pudgaloM kA siddhAnta Upara diye gaye kAraka (1-4) karmoM kI baMdha-prakriyA ke krama ko bhI nirUpita karate haiN| 2.3.3. dIrghakAlika sAmya kI avasthA Upara hamane AtmA kI laghu-kAlika avasthA kA varNana kiyA hai| aba hama AtmA kI dIrgha-kAlika sAmya avasthA para vicAra kreNge| jaba AtmA se karma-pudgaloM kA pUrNataH niHsaraNa yA kSaya ho jAtA hai, to jo avazeSa rahatA hai, vaha zuddha AtmA hai : (saMsArI) AtmA - karma/kArmana kaNa = zuddha AtmA - isakA artha yaha hai ki AtmA ke cAra ghaTakoM ke ananta stara hote haiM jaisA ki khaMDa 2.2.2 meM batAyA gayA hai| ||:::|| ||:: citra 2.5 laghu (rikta vRtta) aura bhArI (bhare hue vRtta) ke rUpa meM navAgaMtuka __ kArmika kaNoM aura AtmA (jIva) ke bIca anyonyakriyA kI prkriyaa| isa (zuddha AtmA kI) sthiti ko prApta karane ke lie do caraNa hote haiN| prathama caraNa meM kArmika baloM kA kavaca hone se kArmika Asrava avaruddha ho jAtA hai arthAt naye kArmana kaNoM kA Agamana pUrNataH samApta ho jAtA hai| dvitIya caraNa meM, saMcita kArmika pudgaloM kA pUrNataH patana yA niHsaraNa hotA

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18 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA hai arthAt sampUrNa karma-pudagala AtmA se viyojita hokara gira jAte haiN| ise karma-vibhaMjana yA karma-kSaya kahate haiN| jaba sabhI kArmana-kaNa nikala jAte haiM; arthAt AtmA meM koI karma-kSetra nahIM raha pAtA taba vaha apanI sampUrNa kSamatA ko prApta kara letA hai| sampUrNa karmakSaya aura sampUrNa kSamatA kI abhivyakti kI avasthA AtmA kI mukta avasthA kahalAtI hai| phalataH, AtmA kI mukta avasthA ko chor3akara usameM karma-baMdha aura karma-vibhaMjana sadaiva hotA rahatA hai| yaha karma-baMdha aura karma-vibhaMjana kI prakriyA kaise saMpanna hotI hai, yaha adhyAya 5-7 meM batAyA jaaegaa| citra 2.6 isa prakriyA kI kriyAvidhi ko 2.5 ke samAna hI nirUpita karatA hai| citra 2.6 a karma-saMyukta AtmA hai aura citra 2.6 ba karma-bala para AgaMtuka kArmana-kaNoM ke prabhAva ko pradarzita karatA hai| citra 2.6 sa kArmika Asrava ko avaruddha karane ke liye karma-bala kavaca ko pradarzita karatA hai aura citra 2.6 da kArmika-bala kavaca ke kAraNa aMtima kArmana-kaNoM se yukta kArmika niHsaraNa kA saMketa detA hai| citra 2.6 i meM mukta AtmA batAyA gayA hai jahAM karmoM ke niHsaraNa ke kAraNa ananta vIrya Adi guNa prakaTa hote haiM jinheM prasarata kiraNoM ke dvArA batAyA gayA hai| kArmana-kaNoM kI dhAraNA bar3I mahattvapUrNa hai| isa dhAraNA kI hama vibhinna avasthAoM meM hone vAlI manovaijJAnika anukriyAoM kI avadhAraNA se tulanA kara sakate haiM, lekina kArmika anukriyAyeM na to dUsare jIvoM ke manovijJAna kI vyAkhyA karatI haiM aura na hI jIva meM aMtarghaTita hone vAlI kriyAvidhi ko spaSTa karatI haiN| 2.3.4. nava tattva hamane abhI ajIva yA acetana kI dhAraNA kA vivaraNa diyA hai jisameM nimna biMdu samAhita hue haiM : pudgala (kArmika pudgala) kArmika baMdha/samekana/saMgalana kArmika baMdha/Asrava kArmika bala-kavaca (saMvara, karma-DhAla) kArmika kSaya/vibhaMjana/nirjarA aura mukti inake sAtha hI, uparokta vivaraNa meM 7. AtmA (saMsArI yA mukta) 8. bhArI kArmika pudgala (pApa) laM 06

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AtmA evaM karma-pudgaloM kA siddhAnta 9. laghu kArmika pudgala (puNya) bhI samAhita hue haiN| isa prakAra, jaina vijJAna meM nau AdhArabhUta (AdhyAtmika) tattva (yA tathya) mAne gaye haiN| (inameM uparokta prathama varga (1-6) bahuta vyApaka hai| inameM pA~ca astikAya samAhita hote haiM jinakA varNana bAda meM (adhyAya 4.4) kiyA gayA hai| ina tattvoM ke yathArtha krama ke viSaya meM khaMDa 2-5 dekhiye)| bala kavaca bala kavaca citra 2.6 kucha tattvoM kI paribhASA : a. kArmika baMdha; ba. kArmika Asrava; sa. kArmika bala; da. kavaca ke kAraNa karmoM kI nirjarA; i. mukta AtmA yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki ye tattva anAdi kAla se haiM aura ye prakRti ke niyamoM ke anivArya aMga haiN| ye vizva ke vikAsa kI vyAkhyA bhI karate haiN| mahApurANa ke anusAra - "yaha jAno ki isa saMsAra ko kisI ne nahIM banAyA, jaise - smy| isakA na Adi hai aura na anta hai| yaha mUlabhUta tattvoM, jIvana aura anya ghaTakoM para AdhArita hai|"

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jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA yahAM 'mUlabhUta tattvoM' kA tAtparya nau tattvoM se hai aura 'jIvana' kA artha 'AtmA' hai tathA 'anya ghaTakoM se tAtparya AtmA ko chor3a anya ATha tattvoM se hai / isalie, jainoM ke anusAra, koI viziSTa puruSa yA zakti vizva kA sRSTikartA nahIM hai| yahAM jaina vijJAna meM varNita nau tattvoM para vizvAsa kI bAta kahI gaI hai, phalataH jaina dharma ko kabhI-kabhI nAstikavAdI dharma kahane ke badale parA - anIzvaravAdI dharma kahA jAtA hai| jaina dharma meM Izvara kI sattA ke virodha meM diye jAne vAle aneka tarkoM meM eka tarka yaha hai: 20 "yadi saMsAra ko kisI ne banAyA hotA, to isase yaha saMketa milatA hai ki tathAkathita Izvara ke mana meM yaha icchA rahI hogI ki vaha jIvana ke nimna stara vAle jIvoM kA bhI nirmANa kare jo apane AdhyAmika vikAsa ke nimnatama stara para hoM arthAt ve pUrNa - AtmA ke stara se paryApta dUrI ke stara para hoN| isake sAtha hI, Izvara kI paribhASA ke anusAra, eka pUrNa evaM uccatama stara ke prANI ko pUrNa saMsAra kI hI racanA karanI caahiye| isa viSama aura asaMtulita vizva kI racanA nahIM karanI caahiye| isa prakAra, uccatara stara kA Izvara isa saMsAra kA kartA-nirmAtA nahIM ho sakatA / " 2.4 mahattvapUrNa saMdRzyatAyeM yA anurUpatAyeM uparokta vivaraNa meM hamane vibhinna pAribhASika zabdoM ko kevala bhautikI ke siddhAMtoM kA upayoga kara paribhASita kiyA hai| hamane una zAstrIya anurUpatAoM para dhyAna nahIM diyA hai jinake kAraNa jaina sAhitya aura siddhAMta kiMcit aspaSTa se lagate haiN| phira bhI, kArmana AtmA Adi ko unake guNoM ke dvArA hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| cUMki inakA jJAna kevala unake prabhAvoM ke dvArA hI kiyA jA sakatA hai, ataH hama yahAM aisI vividha anurUpatAyeM yA udAharaNa deMge jinake AdhAra para unake vibhinna guNoM ko samajhAyA jAtA hai / tathApi, yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki prakAza kaNa aura taraMga- donoM ke guNa pradarzita kara sakatA hai| yaha isa bAta para nirbhara karatA hai ki hama kisa rUpa meM usakA varNana karanA cAhate haiM / vastutaH prakAza to prakAza hI hai| isI prakAra, padArthoM ke guNa bhI padArtha kI vilakSaNatA ko varNita nahIM kara skte| yahI tarka kArmana aura AtmA ke varNana para bhI lAgU hotA hai| 2.4.1. cumbakatva hama saMdUSita AtmA ko eka cumbaka ke samAna mAna sakate haiN| yaha lauha kaNoM ko AkarSita karatA hai / inheM hama kArmana - kaNa mAna sakate haiN| cumbakIya bala rekhAyeM kArmika bala - rekhAoM ke samakakSa haiM aura lauha- kaNoM

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21 AtmA evaM karma-pudgaloM kA siddhAnta kA cumbaka se saMyoga karma-baMdha/samekana ke rUpa meM mAnA jA sakatA hai arthAt karma AtmA ke sAtha dRr3hatA se baMdha jAte haiN| bala-kSetra kavaca (Forcefield shield) lauha-kaNoM ko cumbaka dvArA AkarSita hone se rokatA hai aura yaha rodhaka (Insulator) kA kAma karatA hai| vAstava meM, isa bala-kSetra meM vidyamAna pahale se saMyukta kaNoM kA nirjharaNa usake vi-cumbakIkaraNa ko vyakta karatA hai| isase patA calatA hai ki aba cumbaka kI ora AkarSaNa nahIM hai| isa prakAra, jaba sabhI kaNa vilagita ho jAte haiM, taba AtmA karma-pudgaloM ke cumbakIya prabhAva se mukta ho jAtA hai| isa nirjharaNa ke bAda jo avazeSa rahatA hai, vaha zuddha aura mukta AtmA hai| yaha anurUpatA citra 2.7 meM pradarzita kI gaI hai| jaisA pahale batAyA gayA hai - yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki yaha kavaca eka anurUpatA hai kyoMki yahAM karma-pudgala apane hI guNavAle kArmana-kaNoM ko AkarSita karatA hai jabaki lauha-cUrNa ke kaNa eka-dUsare ko AkarSita nahIM krte| + + saMdUSita AtmA lauha cUrNa = karma pudgala cumbaka = AtmA Page #47
22 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA kaccA tela = peTrola + azuddhiyAM saMdUSita AtmA (AtmA + kama) - karma = zuddha AtmA eka dUsarI upamA bhI yahAM dI jA sakatI hai| azuddha yA saMdUSita AtmA eka tela-lagA vastra hai| ArdratA ke kAraNa vastra dhUlikaNoM ko AkarSita kara sakatA hai| ye dhUlikaNa karma-pudgala ke samAna haiM tathA vastra evaM tela kA baMdha karma-baMdha ke samAna hai| yahAM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki AtmA kI prakRti viziSTa zarIra-dhArI ke rUpa meM bhI aparivartita rahatI hai| ise ThIka usI prakAra samajhanA cAhiye jaise kisI bhI vastra ko, usake dravyamAna meM parivartana kiye binA vibhinna AkAra-prakAroM meM pariNata kiyA jA sakatA hai| aMta meM, eka rocaka upamA aura dI jA sakatI hai| hama jAnate haiM ki vAyarasa kisa prakAra hamAre zarIra-taMtra meM bImArI ke rUpa meM parivartana lAte haiN| isI prakAra, karma-pudgala rUpI vAyarasa hamArI AtmA ko prabhAvita karate 2.5. pAribhASika zabdAvalI 1. nava tattva AtmA = jIva (saMsArI yA mukta) kArmika pudgala = acetana, ajIva ghaTaka karma-bala/karma-Agamana = Asrava karma-baMdha/samekana = baMdha karma-baMdha-kavaca = saMvara karma-kSaya = nirjarA mukti = mokSa bhArI karma-pudgala = pApa laghu karma-pudgala = puNya 2. AtmA ke ghaTaka (guNa) sukha viziSTa anubhUti jJAna jAnanA darzana dekhanA vIrya UrjA

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23 AtmA evaM karma-pudgaloM kA siddhAnta svataMtratA kI icchA (preraNa) : bhavyatva mukta AtmA siddha pUrNa jIva arihaMta/arhat 3. kArmika gati-vijJAna aura ghanatva kArmika-baMdha meM kArmanoM kI saMkhyA = pradeza kArmana-kSaya ke samaya sthitija UrjA = anubhAva baMdhe hue kArmanoM ke kSaya kA samaya = sthiti karma-pudgaloM ke vividha rUpa (karma ghaTaka) = prakRti nissaraNa = udaya damana = upazama TippaNiyAM 1. pI. esa. jainI, pR. 114 "jaina AtmA ke asaMkhya guNoM kI bAta karate haiN| tathApi, yaha tarkasaMgata rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki darzana, jJAna, sukha aura vIrya ke guNa, jinakA saMkSipta vivaraNa Upara diyA gayA hai, AtmA ko paribhASita karane ke liye paryApta haiN| inhIM se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki AtmA eka viziSTa tattva hai jo sabhI anya tattvoM se bhinna hai| pI. esa. jainI, pR. 113 ___ "yahAM yaha spaSTa kara denA cAhiye ki jaina AtmA aura karma ke sambandha ko kevala sahacaraNa mAnate haiN| isakA artha yaha hai ki ye donoM eka hI kSetra meM rahate haiN| inakA zuddha AtmA se koI pratyakSa samparka nahIM hotaa| pI. esa. jainI : pR. 112. __ "karma-kaNa lokAkAza ke pratyeka bhAga meM mukta rUpa se vicaraNa karate rahate haiN| isa sthiti meM unameM koI bheda nahIM hotA - ve ekasamAna hote haiN| ina sarala kaNoM se vividha prakAra ke karma-pudgala (prakRti) banate haiM jinheM unake kArya ke anusAra vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha tabhI hotA hai jaba ve kisI saMsArI AtmA ke sAtha anyonya-kriyA kreN|

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adhyAya 3 jIvana kA anukrama ( svataH siddha avadhAraNA 2) svataH siddha avadhAraNA 2. "saMsAra ke prANI eka (dUsare se bhinna hote haiM) kyoMki unake sAtha karma - pudgaloM kI prakRti evaM ghanatva parivartI hote haiN|" 3. 1. svataH siddha avadhAraNA karma - pudgala vibhinna prANiyoM ko kaise vibhAjita (vargabheda ) karateM haiM ? yadi hama svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 2 ko svIkAra kareM, to isake anusAra vibhinna jIvoM meM aura unakI koTiyoM meM antara ke mukhya kAraNoM meM se eka kAraNa yaha hai ki unameM kArmika ghanatva bhinna-bhinna hotA hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki AtmA ke mUlabhUta ghaTaka (sukha Adi) jitane hI zuddha hoMge, jIvana kA rUpa bhI utanA hI uccatara hogaa| hama karmoM kI prakRti ke viSaya meM agale adhyAya 4 meM varNana kreNge| vahAM hama una ghaTakoM kA nirUpaNa kareMge jinase karma - pudgaloM kI vibhinnatA prakaTa hotI hai / 3. 2. jIvana ke yUniTa ( ekaka, ikAI ) aura jIvana- dhurI AtmA (yA jIva ) kI zuddhatA kI koTi ko sApekSataH, parimANAtmaka rUpa diyA jA sakatA hai| suvidhA ke liye hama AtmA kI zuddhi kI koTi ko nimna prakAra se paribhASita kara sakate haiM : "AtmA kI zuddhatA kI koTi vaha hai jo ausata manuSya ko jIvana ke 100 jIvana - yUniTa kI ora agrasara kreN|" yahAM 100 ke aMka ko acchI taraha samajhane ke liye use buddhi-labdhi ( I. Q. ) ke samAna mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra eka sImAMta para zuddha AtmA kI koTi ananta jIvana - yUniTa hogI aura dUsarI sImA para acetana padArthoM kI koTi zUnya jIvana- yUniTa hogii| isa AdhAra para hama AtmA kI zuddhatA ko yA jIvana - yUniToM ko eka sarala rekhA dvArA nirUpita kara sakate

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jIvana kA anukrama haiM jisameM jIvana-yUniTa ke mAna zUnya se anaMta taka hoN| hama isa rekhA ko jIvana kI dhurI yA akSa kheNge| yahAM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki jaise-jaise AtmA kI zuddhi kI koTi zUnya se ananta kI ora bar3hatI hai, vaise-vaise kArmika ghanatva ananta se zUnya kI ora parivartI hotA hai, kyoMki kArmika ghanatva Atma-zuddhi kI koTi ke vyutkrama anupAta meM hotA hai, arthAt Atma zuddhi kI koTi, p c 1/kArmika ghanatva, 1/kd AtmA kI zuddhi ke do mukhya ghaTaka mAne jA sakate haiM : 1. iMdriyoM kI saMkhyA - jo vIrya/sukha ghaTaka se sambandhita hai, aura 2. buddhi yA cetanA kA stara - jo jJAna aura darzana ke ghaTakoM se sambandhita hai| ina ghaTakoM ke viSaya meM adhyAya 2 meM batAyA jA cukA hai| isa tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hama jIvana kI dhurI ko Age ke khaMDa 3.3 meM aura bhI sUkSmatA se vibhAjita kreNge| jaina vijJAna meM ye vibhAga guNAtmaka yA bhAvAtmaka rUpa meM sadaiva mAne jAte rahe haiM, lekina hama aba inheM parimANAtmaka rUpa bhI de sakate haiN| 3.3. iMdriyoM kI saMkhyA yA cetanA (buddhi) ke AdhAra para jIvana-dhurI ke vibhAga sUkSmatama jIvANu jIvana ke nimnatama stara para Ate haiM jinameM kevala eka hI iMdriya (sparzana iMdriya) hotI hai| ye ati-sUkSma hote haiM aura kevala kisI vRhattara sajIva yA nirjIva taMtra ke eka ghaTaka ke rUpa meM vidyamAna rahate haiN| isaliye inameM jIvana-yUniToM kI saMkhyA atyalpa hogii| isa saMkhyA ko hama 10* yUniTa mAna leN| jIvana kA dUsarA stara ekeMdriya sUkSma jIvANuoM kA samUha hai jo padArtha ke saMbhAvita sUkSmatama yUniTa ko grahaNa kara use apanA nivAsa banA letA hai| ye jIva pRthvI-kAyika, jala-kAyika, vAyu-kAyika aura agni-kAyika kahalAte haiN|' hama citra 3.1 meM ina jIvoM ko 5x10* jIvana yUniToM ke rUpa meM vyakta kregeN|

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26 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA jIvana kA tIsarA stara vRkSa-vanaspatiyoM kA hai, jo pUrvavartI jIvoM se uccatara koTi ke mAne jAte haiN| inakA zarIra sthUla hotA hai| inheM hama 10-3 jIvana-yUniToM se vyakta kreNge| yaha bar3I rocaka evaM dhyAna dene yogya bAta haiM ki hama paudhoM meM jIvana ke vibhinna rUpoM ko vibhedita kara sakate hai| jIvana ke ye sabhI rUpa citra 3.1 meM batAye gaye hai| udAharaNArtha, aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki seva phala kI tulanA meM pyAja meM jIvana kA adhika sAMdrita rUpa hotA hai| eka seva phala ke bIja se ugA vRkSa hajAroM seva phala paidA karatA hai, phalataH isakA jIvana aneka saMkhyAoM meM upa-vibhAjita ho jAtA hai| isake viparyAsa meM, pyAja kI eka jar3a kevala eka pyAja-kaMda hI utpanna karatI hai| phalataH hama pyAja meM jIvana-yUniToM ko 10' na mAnakara 10 jIvana-yUniTa maaneNge| yaha tathya vRkSoM para bhI lAgU hotA hai| isake atirikta, asaMkhya jIvANuoM dvArA nivasita paudhoM meM aura mRtaka kalevara meM bhI jIvana-yUniToM kI koTi uccatara hogii| jaba ina jIvoM kI koTi se kucha karma pudgala pRthak ho jAte haiM, taba jIvana kA dUsarA uccatara. rUpa prakaTa hotA haiM jisameM jIvoM kI do iMdriyAM hotI haiM - zarIra aura mukha yA jihvaa| ye do iMdriyAM haiM - sparzana aura rasanA iNdriy| ye iMdriyAM sIpa yA zaMkha aura zaMbUka (mussel) meM pAI jAtI haiN| hama unhe jIvana ke do yUniToM dvArA nirUpita kreNge| uccatara jIvana ke agale caraNa meM tIna iMdriyAM hotI haiM, jisase inameM nAka bhI hotI hai arthAt inameM eka atirikta ghrANa iMdriya (sUMghane vAlI iMdriya) hotI hai jaisI ki cIMTI yA binA AMkha ke kIr3oM meM pAI jAtI hai| hama ina jIvoM meM tIna jIvana-yUniTa mAnate hai| jIvoM meM karma-pudgaloM ke aura bhI kama ho jAne se cAra iMdriya vAle jIva utpanna hote haiM jinameM uparokta tIna iMdriyoM ke atirikta AMkheM yA cakSu iMdriya bhI vikasita hotI hai| makkhI aura madhumakkhI Adi isa koTi ke udAharaNa haiN| inameM jIvana ke cAra yUniTa nirdhArita kiye gaye haiN| anta meM, hameM karNa-iMdriya yA kAnavAle jIva milate haiM, jaise ghor3A, UMTa aadi| inameM pAMca iMdriyAM hotI haiM : 1. sparzana 2. rasanA 3. dhANa 4. cakSu aura 5. karNa /

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jIvana kA anukrama 27 arthAta inameM zarIra, mukha, nAsikA, AMkheM aura kAna hote haiN| inheM paMcendriya jIva kahate haiN| ina pAMca iMdriya vAle jIvoM meM pahalA stara pazu (jIvoM) kA hai jinheM kAlabodha nahIM hotA arthAta ve yaha nahIM jAnate ki bhUta, bhaviSyat aura vartamAna kyA hai ? inheM jIvana-dhurI para pAMca jIvana-yUniTa diye gaye haiN| pazu-jIvana ke bAda, jIvana kA dUsarA uccatara stara manuSya kA hotA hai jise kAlabodha hotA hai aura jisame uparokta pAMca iMdriyoM ke atirikta sAmaMjasya kI uccatara koTi bhI hotI hai| manuSya jIvoM kI yaha koTi bahuta vistRta hai| udAharaNArtha, eka aparAdhI manuSya, eka mAnavatAvAdI manuSya kI tulanA meM jIvana-dhurI para nimnatara aMka prApta kregaa| ausata manuSya ke liye hamane 100 jIvana yUniTa kA aMka svIkRta kiyA hai| isa AdhAra para aparAdhI manuSya ko kevala 10 aMka hI prApta hoNge| isa prakAra, citra 3.1 meM dI gaI jIvana-dhurI para jIvana-yUniToM kI saMkhyA kA vivaraNa pUrNa ho jAtA hai| isa citra meM diye gaye kuMcha ArohI yA uccatara jIvana-yUniTa vAle prANiyoM ko AdhyAtmika utthAna kI koTi se sambandhita kiyA jA sakatA hai| inheM citra 3.2 meM pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| isa utthAna ke prathama caraNa meM sAdhu gaNa Ate haiM jo eka-niSTha mana se AdhyAtmika patha para calane vAle mAne jAte haiN| dUsare caraNa meM, una AdhyAtmika guruoM (upAdhyAya) kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai jinhoMne satya kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai aura jo zrAvakoM tathA navadIkSita yA anya sAdhuoM ko adhyAtma kA zikSaNa dete haiN| tIsare caraNa meM, AdhyAtmika AcArya Ate haiM jinake AcaraNa aura upadeza eka-samAna hote haiN| ve sacce guru hote haiM aura caturvidha saMgha kA netRtva karate haiN| cauthe caraNa meM, parizuddha jIva yA arhat Ate haiM jinhoMne rAga-dveSa rUpI aMtaraMga zatruoM ko jIta liyA hai| jIvoM kI ina koTiyoM ke sAMketika jIvana-yUniTa kramaza: 100, 10%, 1010 aura 10100 mAne gaye haiN| AdhyAtmika utthAna ke aMtima caraNa meM parama zuddha AtmAyeM (mukta AtmAyeM) yA siddha jIva Ate haiM jo vIrya/zakti ke rUpa meM ananta-catuSTaya ke dhAraka hote haiN| ina siddha AtmAoM ke jIvana-yUniTa ke aMka ananta hote haiM kyoMki inameM koI azuddhi nahIM hotI (yahAM taka ki unheM zarIra bhI nahIM hotaa)| (prAyaH jaina ina vivaraNoM ko zAbdika rUpa se svIkAra na kareM, lekina pUrvavartI jaina vizvAsa karate the ki anya dharmoM ke guru bhI uccatara caraNoM ko prApta kara sakate haiN|)

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28 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA 3.4 cAra gatiyAM yA astitva kI avasthAyeM pratyeka prANI meM usakI mAnasika avasthA ke anurUpa vibhinna koTi kI saMvedanazIlatA pAI jAtI hai| hama yahAM unakI mAnasika avasthA ke anurUpa cAra pramukha dizAyeM batAnA cAhate haiN| AdhyAtmikataH uccatara manuSya (citra 3.2 dekheM) manuSya ausata manuSya aparAdhI manuSya / { paMceMdriya cAra iMdriya tIna iMdriya do iMdriya kaMda-mUla sAMdrita ekeMdriya paudhe ekeMdriya pRthvI, jala, vAyu, agni evaM sUkSma jIva-jantu 5x104 * sUkSmatama jIvANu 104 * acetana vastuyeM 0 citra 3.1 vibhinna jIvoM ke liye Atma-zuddhi kI jiivn-dhurii| (yaha citra raikhika mApa para nahIM banA hai)| inameM se prathama nAraka avasthA meM sarvAdhika yaMtraNA hotI hai| AnaMda kI uccatama avasthA ko deva yA svarga avasthA kahate haiN| yaha sukhavAdI AnaMda hotA hai, para ise parama AnaMda kI avasthA nahIM kaha skte| jisa avasthA meM prANI yaha nahIM jAnatA ki kala kyA thA, kala kyA hogA, vaha

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jIvana kA anukrama pazu-avasthA hai| jisa avasthA meM suHkha aura duHkha kA saMtulana banA rahatA hai, vaha sAmAnya manuSya kI avasthA hai| zuddhatama AtmA, siddha parizuddha jIva, arhat sAdhu ausata manuSya 0 AdhyAtmika AcArya 1010 AdhyAtmika upAdhyAya 105 103 102 10100 -VVVVVVVVVo wwwwwVVVVVVV 0 citra 3.2 jIvana - dhurI para AdhyAtmikataH uccatara paMceMdriya koTi ke pAMca prakAra ke jIva (yaha mApa rekhika nahIM hai / ) 29

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30 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA pratyeka prANI meM yaha kSamatA hotI hai ki vaha ina cAra mAnasika avasthAoM ko prApta kara ske| ye avasthAyeM nimna haiM : nAraka avasthA 2. svarga yA deva avasthA manuSya avasthA pazu avasthA deva manuSya avasthA avasthA nAraka tiryaMca avasthA citra 3.3 prANiyoM kI mAnasika avasthA ke anurUpa cAra dizAyeM yA gatiyAM ina cAroM avasthAoM ko pratIkAtmaka rUpa se citra. 3.3 meM svastika ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai jisakA kendra-bindu mana hai| (yahAM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki nAjI (jarmana) logoM ne isa pratIka kA azuddha rUpa meM prayoga kiyA thaa| unhoMne isakA parAvartita yA pratibiMbita rUpa kAma meM liyaa|) ye sabhI avasthAyeM karma-pudagaloM ke ghanatva se prabhAvita hotI haiN| jaba hama kisI prANI ko jIvana-dhurI para sthAna dete haiM, taba isakA bhI dhyAna rakhanA caahiye| ina avasthAoM kI zAbdika vyAkhyA jIva ke astitva kI cAra avasthAoM yA gatiyoM ke anurUpa hotI hai jisakA krama nimna hai : 1. nArakI jIva 2. deva 3. manuSya 4. paudhe aura pazupakSI inakA kendra bindu vibhinna koTi ke jIvana ke mAdhyama se ghUrNana-akSa (axis of rotation) se pAsa hotA hai| hamArI yaha vyAkhyA AcArya kuMdakuMda ke anusAra hai jahAM unhoneM batAyA hai ki AtmA apanI hI mAnasika kriyAoM ke

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jIvana kA anukrama mAdhyama se svayaM hI jIva kI uparokta cAra avasthAoM kA nirmANa karatA hai / (kRpayA pariziSTa 3 va uddharaNa 3.1 dekhiye, samayasAra gAthA, 268) 3.5. pAribhASika zabdAvalI 1. 2. 3. AtmA / sajIva prANI anAtmA / acetana vastu sUkSmatama jIvANu = pAMca AdhyAtmika ucca koTi ke jIva (= pA~ca parameSThI) sAdhu AdhyAtmika guru AdhyAtmika netA parizuddha jIva zuddhatama AtmA / mukta AtmA cAra gatiyAM divya yA svarga - gati nAraka jIva pazu evaM vanaspati jIva manuSya - = jIva ajIva nigoda 11 = 28 mUlaguNoM ke dhAraka = upAdhyAya, aMga-pUrva ke jJAtA evaM zikSaka = - 31 AcArya, 36 guNoM ke dhAraka, saMgha kA netRtva arhat, kevalI, pUjanIya siddha deva gati naraka gati tiryaca gati manuSya gati TippaNI 1. pI. esa. jainI; pRSTha 109 "jIvana ke sabase nicale stara para jIvana kA nimnatara rUpa hotA hai jise 'nigoda' kahA jAtA hai| ye jIva ava-sUkSma hote haiM aura inameM eka iMdriyasparzana iMdriya hotI hai| ve itane sUkSma aura eka samAna hote haiM ki unakA vyaktigata zarIra bhI nahIM hotA / ina nigoda jIvoM ke Upara ekendriya jIvoM kA dUsarA varga hotA hai jisake sadasya karma-pudgaloM ke sUkSmatama aMzoM ko grahaNa karate haiM jinase unakA vyaktigata zarIra banatA hai / phalataH unheM kramazaH pRthvIkAyika, jalakAyika, tejaskAyika aura vAyukAyika kahate haiN|"

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adhyAya 4 janma-maraNa ke cakra (svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 3) koM kA baMdhana AtmA ko jIvana ke astitva kI vibhinna avasthAoM yA cAra gatiyoM (yA janma-maraNa ke cakroM) meM le jAtA hai| 4.1 svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 4 : pUrvokta svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 2 (adhyAya 3) meM hamane vibhinna jIvoM ke kevala eka bhava yA jIvana-kAla kI sthitika dazA para dhyAna diyA thaa| usameM jIva ke vividha janma-maraNa cakroM kI gatika dazA para vicAra nahIM kiyA thaa| yahAM yaha prazna hotA hai ki kyA janma-maraNa kA cakra vAstava meM hotA hai ? svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 3 yaha mAnatI hai ki isa taraha kA cakra hotA hai| mRtyu hone para yaha jIva bhautika zarIra se chuTakArA pA jAtA hai aura vaha apane hI praNodana (propulsion) yA preraNa se Age jAne ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai| svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 2 se yaha spaSTa hai ki jIva ke sAtha anubaddha karma pudgaloM kI mAtrA yA parimANa use jIvana-dhurI para nayA sthAna pAne ke liye uttaradAyI hogaa| isa sthiti meM nimna prazna utpanna hote haiM : (1) eka jIvana se dUsare jIvana taka kisa tattva kA parivahana hotA hai ? (2) vijJAna kA kauna-sA rUpa isa parivahana ko svIkAra karatA hai ? 42 kArmika ghaTaka uparokta prazno kA uttara dene ke liye hama yaha mAnate haiM ki saMdUSita AtmA kI kriyAoM aura pravRttiyoM se usake sAtha saMlagna karma-pudgala ATha prakAra kI vizeSa prakRtiyoM meM pariNata ho jAte haiN| hama ina prakRtiyoM ko karma-ghaTaka kahate haiN| hama ina kArmika ghaTakoM ko niSedhAtmaka yA nakArAtmaka bala ke rUpa meM mAneMgeM jo AtmA ke viparyasta vIrya yA UrjA-ghaTaka aura karma-pudagaloM ke kAraNa utpanna hotA haiN| yahAM hama AtmA ke cAra ghaTakoM kA punaH smaraNa kareM: (adhyAya 2.2) : 1. sukha 2. vIrya 3. jJAna aura 4. drshn| isake sAtha hI, hama isake sahaja svataMtratAkAMkSI preraka (bhavyatva) kA bhI smaraNa kreN| citra 4.1 meM AtmA kI kisI nizcita samaya para eka niyata sthiti pradarzita kI gaI haiN|

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janma-maraNa ke cakra mukti kI icchA sukha vIrya jJAna darzana AtmA citra 4.1 kArmika ghaTakoM ke sAtha kisI samaya niyata biMdu para AtmA kI avasthA aura karma - pudgaloM para usakA prabhAva 1. darzana -vikArI upaghaTaka 2. cAritra - vikArI upaghaTaka vikRta avarodhita Avarita AcchAdita AtmA ke sakArAtmaka baloM meM ananta sukha, vIrya, jJAna aura darzana Ate haiN| ina ghaTakoM ke mUla meM eka prabala ( karma - mukti ke liye) svataMtratAkAMkSI preraka hai| AtmA ke nakArAtmaka baloM meM, ananta sukha ke anurUpa eka ghaTaka hai jo isako vikRta yA saMdUSita karatA hai| isa ghaTaka ko hama sukha-vikArI karma-ghaTaka (mohanIya karma) kaheMge / ise hama 'a- ghaTaka' kaheMge / isa a-ghaTaka ke do upaghaTaka hote haiM: 1. jJAnAvaraNa ghaTaka (sa) 2. darzanAvaraNa ghaTaka (da) a - zarIra dhAraNa a2 inheM hama kramazaH a, aura a1/2 ke saMketoM se sUcita kreNge| yahAM isa bAta kA bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki vikArI ghaTaka AtmA ke samagra svarUpa ko parivartita karate haiM arthAt isa prakriyA meM isake ghaTakoM meM mUlabhUta parivartana ho jAtA hai jaise unmAda kI dazA meM sArA vyaktitva hI parivartita ho jAtA hai| 33 isI prakAra, eka dUsarA niSedhAtmaka ghaTaka bhI hai jise hama vIrya yA UrjA-bAdhaka karma-ghaTaka (aMtarAya karma) kaheMge aura ise 'ba-ghaTaka' se saMsUcita kreNge| yaha ghaTaka AtmA ko na kevala sImita UrjA se kAma karane detA hai, apitu yaha vartamAna karma - pudgaloM ke samekana yA baMdhana meM tathA kArmika kSaya meM saha-aparAdhI hotA hai / isI prakAra, tIsare aura cauthe niSedhAtmaka kArmika ghaTaka bhI haiM : inheM hama kramazaH 'sa' aura 'da' ghaTaka ke rUpa meM saMsUcita kreNge| yahAM yaha dhyAna meM rakheM ki ye dono ghaTaka (sa, da) AtmA ke do ghaTakoM (jJAna, darzana) ko kevala AcchAdita karate haiM, ve AtmA ko vikRta nahIM krte|

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jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA ye cAroM ghaTaka ( a, ba, sa, da) pratisamaya kAryakArI rahate haiM aura inheM kisI eka jIvana-cakra meM ghAtiyA yA vinAzaka ghaTaka ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA haiN| hama ina ghaTakoM ko 'prAthamika ghaTaka' kaheMge / 34 inake atirikta, anya cAra ghaTakoM ko 'dvitIyaka ghaTaka' kahate haiM jo dUsare jIvana kI ora le jAte haiM aura parokSataH svataMtratAkAMkSI preraka ko bhI prabhAvita karate haiM / ina ghaTakoM ke nAma nimna haiM: ghaTaka 1. sukha - duHkha anubhUti - utpAdaka ghaTaka 2. zarIra - nirmANaka ghaTaka 3. Ayu - nirdhAraka ghaTaka 4. paryAvaraNa - nirdhAraka ghaTaka hama ina ghaTakoM ko kramazaH 'ya, ra, la, aura va ghaTaka ke rUpa meM saMsUcita kreNge| ye ghaTaka, dUsare jIvana cakra ke prAraMbha hone ke ThIka pahale ke samaya ko chor3akara anya samaya para karma-baMdha aura karma-kSaya kI prakriyA meM maMthara gati se kAma karate haiM / sAraNI 4.1 meM ina kArmika ghaTakoM kA saMkSepaNa kiyA gayA hai| nAma (ya) vedanIya karma (ra) nAmakarma (la) Ayukarma (va) gotrakarma yadyapi uparokta sabhI kArmika ghaTaka svataMtra rUpa se kAma karate haiM, phira bhI inakI kriyA meM vikArI ghaTaka a (mohanIya karma) kA kendrIya mahattva hai, kyoMki yaha na kevala AtmA ko vikRta karatA hai, apitu yaha anya ghaTakoM ke paricAlana meM bhI sahayogI hotA hai| vastutaH, kArmika ghaTaka ba (aMtarAya karma) usa vikRti kAraka prakriyA ke astitva se prabhAvita hotA hai| citra 4.1 isa anyonyakriyA ke sthitika pakSa ko nirdhArita karatA hai| citra 4.2 meM ina ghaTakoM kA AtmA para hone vAle anukramika prabhAva ko pradarzita karatA hai jisase bAharI AyatAkAra AkRtiyoM meM ye kArmika ghaTaka, bhItarI AyatoM kI apekSA, pratyeka samaya para adhika kriyAzIla hote haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM a - ghaTaka, a1/2-ghaTaka ba-ghaTaka se adhika kriyAzIla hote haiM evaM ba-ghaTaka sa-ghaTaka se aura sa-ghaTaka da-ghaTaka se adhika kriyAzIla hotA hai| isake viparyAsa meM ya, ra, la, va ghaTaka (cAroM aghAtiyA karma) maMthara gati se paricAlana karateM haiM ( hama ina kArmika UrjA - staroM kI paramANu ke vibhinna bhItarI aura bAharI kakSoM meM vidyamAna ilekTrAnoM ke UrjA staroM se tulanA kara sakate haiN| -

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janma-maraNa ke cakra prAthamika ghaTaka (isa jIvana cakra ke ghAtI) sAraNI 4.1 : ATha karma-ghaTaka (a) sukha-vikArI (a) darzana - vikArI (a) cAritra - vikArI (ba) vIrya - avarodhI (sa) jJAna - Avaraka (da) darzana - Avaraka 0 dvitIyaka ghaTaka (isa jIvana cakra ke aghAtI) (ya) anubhUti - utpAdaka (ya) sukha - utpAdaka (22) duHkha - utpAdaka gra (ra) zarIra - nirmAyaka (la) Ayu (jIvitA) nirdhAraka (va) pariveza-utpAdaka 0 0 0 Goooo# 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ya + ra + la + va ba a2 0000 31, &000000000 ke citra 4.2 karma - ghaTakoM anukrama ke sAtha saMdUSita AtmA para karma - pudgaloM ke ATha kArmika ghaTaka : bAhya ghaTaka aMtaraMga ghaTakoM se adhika kriyAzIla hote haiM 1 4. 3 (agale janma meM) kisakA parivahana (vigraha gamana) hotA hai ? hamane Upara yaha batAyA hai ki cAra dvitIyaka kArmika ghaTaka ( aghAtiyA karma) dUsare bhAvI janma ke vividha pakSoM ko prabhAvita karate haiN| vizeSataH zarIra-nirmANaka ghaTaka ( nAmakarma) do sUkSma zarIroM ko utpanna karatA haiM jo hamAre bhautika zarIra kI abhivyakti ke mUla AdhAra haiN| ye do zarIra haiM : 1. taijasa zarIra - saMpuTa ( Capsule) jo zarIra ke vibhinna mahattvapUrNa kAryoM ( tApamAna) Adi ko saMcAlita evaM saMrakSita karatA hai| 35

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36 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA 2. dUsarA zarIra kArmika zarIra hai jo AtmA ke sAtha rahane vAle karma - pudgaloM ke samuccaya kA pratIka hai / AtmA (jIva ) kArmika zarIra citra 4.3: apane kArmika zarIra aura taijasa zarIra ke sAtha vigraha-gamana isa prakAra ke zarIroM kA astitva punarjanma ke siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA ke liye mahattvapUrNa haiM kyoMki ye eka aise vAhana kA kAma karate haiM jisase AtmA apane sAmarthya se hI eka janma se dUsare janma kI ora jAtI hai / ' taijasa zarIra mRtyu ke samaya, zarIra - nirmANaka kArmika ghaTaka ( nAmakarma), agale zarIrI jIvana ke liye viziSTa sthitiyoM ko pahale se hI kAryakramita kara dete haiN| yaha saMsUcana kArmika zarIra meM hotA hai / mRtyu ke samaya, AtmA bhautika zarIra se viyukta hokara tatkAla eka sarala rekhA meM usa dizA meM gamana karatI hai jise AtmA ke sAtha rahane vAle karma-pudgala pahale se hI nirdhArita kara dete hai / 2 yaha parivAhita karma-pudgala lagabhaga eka vAyuruddha sIla baMda saMpuTa (kaipsyUla) ke samAna hotA hai (taijasa zarIra) jisameM kArmika zarIra aura AtmA hotI hai (citra 4.3 dekhiye) jo AgaMtuka karmoM ke Asrava aura kArmana - kaNoM ke nirjharaNa ko rokatI hai / mRtyu ke samaya AtmA kI zakti ke kAraNa hone vAle svAbhAvika praNodana ke bAvajUda bhI, yaha bahuta dUra taka nahIM jA sakatA jaba taka ki yaha garbha meM yA aMDe meM bhautika zarIra ke rUpa meM praviSTa na kara jaaye| yadi jIva mukta nahI huA hai, to, khaMDa 4.4 meM paribhASita sthiti mAdhyama isa sthiti para niyaMtraNa karatA hai /

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janma-maraNa ke cakra 4.4. chaha dravya aba hama prakRti kI vyAkhyA ke liye una jaina niyamoM para vicAra kareMge jo AtmA aura kArmana - kaNoM kI anyonyakriyA, navIna jIvana kA grahaNa, AtmA kI mukti Adi vibhinna ghaTanAoM kI kriyAvidhi para prakAza DAlate haiM / jaina vijJAna ke anusAra, isa vizva meM chaha 'dravya' haiM jinake nAma nimna haiM: 1. AtmA ( yA jIva) 2. pudgala ( padArtha aura UrjA ) 3. AkAza 4. kAla 5. gati mAdhyama ( dharma dravya) 6. sthiti mAdhyama (adharma dravya) 37 vartamAna bhautakI meM padArtha kA varNana kAla aura kSetra (AkAza) ke AyAmoM ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai| isake viparyAsa meM, jaina vijJAna meM, AtmA ko hI kAla, kSetra evaM padArtha ke AyAmoM ke AdhAra para varNita kiyA jAtA hai| uparokta sabhI dravyoM ko hama 'padArtha' (Substances, Realities) kaha sakate haiM / isa AdhAra para unake varNana meM sahAyatA milegI / AkAza yA kSetra : jaina mata meM AkAza ko do zreNiyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai / inameM prathama zreNI vaha hai jahAM anya pAMca dravya ( tathA svayaM bhI ) pAye jAte haiN| dUsarI zreNI vaha hai jo rikta hai arthAt jahAM uparokta pAMca dravya nahIM pAye jaate| hama inheM kramazaH adhiSThita aura anadhiSThita AkAza (lokAkAza, alokAkAza) kheNge| adhiSThita AkAza abhivyakta vizva ke samakakSa hai jahAM anya pAMcoM dravya pAye jAte haiN| isa adhiSThita AkAza kA sahaja guNa yaha hai ki isameM anya pAMcoM dravyoM ko sthAna dene kI kSamatA hai aura ise anaMta ati - sUkSma pradezoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina ati sUkSma pradezoM meM vistAra to hai, para inheM punarvibhAjita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa saMketana meM yaha dhAraNA nihita hai ki adhiSThita AkAza kI sImAyeM haiN| isake sAtha hI, jaisA hama Age dekheMge ki adhiSThita AkAza aura anadhiSThita AkAza kI sImA bhI bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai / dharma aura adharma dravya (gati - mAdhyama aura sthiti-mAdhyama ) : gati mAdhyama (dharma dravya) AtmA aura padArtha meM tathA unake madhya hone vAlI anyonyakriyA evaM gati meM sahAyaka hotA hai| isake viparyAsa meM, sthiti mAdhyama AtmA aura padArtha meM yA unake madhya saMtulana yA sthAyitva banAye rakhane meM sahAyaka hotA hai / inake viSaya meM sAmAnya upamA yaha dI jAtI hai ki dharma dravya jala ke

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38 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA samAna haiM jo machaliyoM ke gamana meM sahAyaka hotA hai aura adharma dravya per3a kI chAyA ke samAna hai jo thake hue yAtrI ke vizrAma meM sahAyaka hotA hai| isa prakAra AtmA (jIva) aura padArtha meM 'gamana' aura 'sthiti ke sAmAnya guNa hote haiM, lekina ye dono dravya inakI kriyAoM ke paricAlana ko saMbhava banAte haiN| sAmAnyataH gamana kriyA meM, vikAsa, anyonyakriyA, gati Adi samAhita hote haiM jabaki sthiti-kriyAyeM isake viparIta hotI haiN| uparokta doMno mAdhyama (dravya) paramANu-rUpa nahIM hote, ve akriya, amUrta (AkRti-rahita) aura saMtata hote haiN| ye donoM sahavartI hote haiM aura hama ina donoM mAdhyamoM ko kramazaH dvitIyaka aura tRtIyaka AkAza-kSetra kaha sakate haiN| ina donoM mAdhyamoM ke viSaya meM bAzama (1958, peja 76) ne acchA tarkasaMgata vivecana kiyA hai jise saMkSepa meM nIce diyA jA rahA hai| yahAM hamane unake uddharaNa meM apanI pAribhASika zabdAvalI kA upayoga kiyA hai : "dvitIyaka AkAza ke rUpa meM dharmadravya kA astitva jIva aura padArthoM ke gamana-svabhAva ke tathya se (jainoM ke liye saMtoSajanaka samAdhAna ke rUpa meM) siddha hotA hai| isa gamana kriyA ke liye koI kAraka honA caahiye| yaha na to kAla ho sakatA hai aura na hI paramANu ho sakateM haiM, kyoMki inameM kSetrIya vistAra nahIM hotA aura jo vistAra se rahita hai, vaha vistAravAle AkAza meM padArthoM ke gamana meM kAraNa nahIM ho sktaa| yaha gatikriyA AtmA ke kAraNa bhI nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki AtmAyeM saMpUrNa vizva meM vyApta nahIM hotiiN| lekina gati kI saMbhAvanA to sarvatra hotI hai| yaha gatikriyA AkAza dravya ke kAraNa bhI nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki yaha to alokAkAza ke rUpa meM lokAkAza kI sImA se bAhara bhI rahatA hai| yadi gatikriyA kA AdhAra AkAza ko mAnA jAye, to vizva/loka kI sImAyeM parivartI hoNgii| yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| lokAkAza kI sImA sthira hai| phalataH, gatikriyA kisI atirikta dravya ke kAraNa hI honI cAhiye jo lokAkAza ke bAhara nahIM pAyA jAtA para usameM sarvatra vyApta rahatA hai| isa dravya ko hI 'dharma dravya yA gati mAdhyama' kahate haiN| isI prakAra ke samarUpa tarkoM ke AdhAra para adharma dravya kA astitva bhI pramANita kiyA jAtA hai|" uparokta chaha dravyoM meM se pahale cAra dravyoM- jIva (AtmA), pudgala, AkAza aura kAla- meM ina donoM mAdhyamoM ke kAraNa koI parivartana nahIM hotA, lekina ve tabhI kAryakArI hote haiM jaba jIva aura pudgala yA to AkAza meM 'gati-paryAya' meM raheM yA "sthiti-paryAya' meM rheN| isa prakAra, gati-mAdhyama (dharmadravya) vizeSataH karma-bala yA karma-vidalana meM udAsIna sahAyaka hotA hai jabaki sthiti mAdhyama (adharma dravya) karma-baMdha kI avasthA meM sahAyaka hotA hai| isake sAtha hI dharma dravya AtmA dvArA eka astitva

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janma-maraNa ke cakra avasthA (gati yA zarIra) se dUsarI astitva avasthA (gati yA zarIra) ke grahaNa karane ke liye yAtrA karane meM bhI sahAyaka hotA hai| isake viparyAsa meM adharma dravya AtmA ko garbha meM sthApita karane meM sahAyaka hotA hai| hamaneM ina do dravyoM ko gati-mAdhyama aura sthiti-mAdhyama ke rUpa meM mAnA hai, lekina hama unheM do baloM ke rUpa meM bhI mAna sakate haiM : 1. gatika bala aura 2. sthitika bl| ye bala jIva evaM ajIva-donoM taMtro para kAryakArI hote haiN| Adhunika bhautikI meM prasiddha cAra prAkRtika baloM ke sAtha ina baloM kA kyA saMbaMdha haiM, yaha adhyAya 10 meM vivecita kiyA jaaygaa|| kAla : kAla dravya bhI anya dravyoM se prabhAvita nahIM hotaa| jaina yaha mAnate haiM ki samaya kI aneka ikAiyAM (digital) hotI haiM arthAt samaya meM vivikta samaya kaNoM kI aneka zreNiyoM hotI haiM jinameM vistAra yA AyAma nahIM hotaa| udAharaNArtha, jaba koI vizeSa kAla-kSaNa ko abhilekhita kiyA jAtA hai, taba pratyeka kSaNa vistArahIna hotA hai| kAla eka dravya hai jisakA na Adi hai aura na anta hai| jainoM ne kSetra aura kAla kI anyonyakriyA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara ise cauthA AyAma mAnA hai| kAla, kSetra tathA anya dravyoM ke vistRta vivecana ke liye bAzama kA lekha, 'jainIjma eNDa buddhijma' (1958, peja 78) dekhiye| pudgala (padArtha aura UjA) : yahAM yaha batA denA ucita hai ki hama 'pudagala' zabda kA anuvAda 'padArtha' kareMgeM lekina jaina vijJAna meM isa zabda meM 'bhautika UrjAyeM' (vidyuta, USmA, prakAza Adi) bhI samAhita hotI haiN| (isaliyeM ise 'padArthorjA' (maiTarjI) bhI kaha sakate haiN)| jainoM kA yaha pAribhASika zabda (pudgala) do zabdoM se milakara banA hai - 1. 'put' (saMyoga, saMyojana) aura 2. gala (viyojana, bhNjn)| isase padArtha ke utpAda aura vinAza yA vyaya kI prakriyA ko keMdrIya mahattva milatA hai| yahAM 'vinAza' pada kA Apatita artha yaha hai ki padArtha UrjA meM parivartita hotA hai aura UrjA padArtha meM parivartita hotI hai| isake liye vaijJAnika pada 'dravyamAna-UrjA' hai, para yahAM 'padArtha-UrjA' para jora diyA jAtA hai| __ antima rUpa meM, padArtha yA pudgala 'antima kaNoM yA 'carama paramANuoM' (U.P.) se banA hotA hai| isa prakAra yahI ve kaNa haiM jinase kArmana-kaNa banate haiN| ye do prakAra ke hote haiM : 1. kArya-paramANu aura 2. kAraNa paramANu (skaMdha banAne vaale)| kArmika zarIra meM sabase kama (alpatama) kArmana-kaNa hote haiN| kArmika saMpuTa meM isase adhika kArmana-kaNa hote haiN| eka 'aMtima kaNa adhika se adhika eka pradeza (AkAza-bindu) adhiSThita karatA hai|

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jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA AcArya kuMdakuMda ne 'aMtima kaNoM se nirmita pudgaloM (skaMdhoM) kI chaha koTiyAM batAyI haiN| sarvaprathama, sUkSma-sUkSma' pudgala kaNoM meM vidyamAna bhautika UrjA vidyuta-UrjA ke samakakSa hotI haiN| pudgala kA dUsarA rUpa 'sUkSma' kahalAtA hai jisameM bahutere 'antima kaNa' hote haiM aura, phalataH yaha 'ANavika' hotA hai| "sUkSma-sUkSma' koTi ke samAna, "sUkSma' koTi bhI itanI choTI hotI hai ki ise iMdriyoM ke dvArA pahacAnA nahIM jA sktaa| yahAM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki vaijJAnika zabdAvalI me aNu paramANuoM ke sammilita samUha yA skaMdha ko kahate haiN| saMdUSita AtmA para saMlagita karma-pudgala 'sUkSma' koTi ke pudgala haiM jinameM anaMta kArmana kaNa hote haiN| kArmika zarIra ke nirmANaka karma-pudgala atyaMta sUkSma koTi ke hote haiN| kArmika saMpuTa bhI atyaMta sUkSma aura adRzya koTi kA hotA hai, para vaha kArmika zarIra ke karma-pudgala ke samAna ati-sUkSma nahIM hotaa| yaha kArmika zarIra sabhI saMdUSita AtmAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| ye zarIra itane sUkSma hote haiM ki ye pratyeka vastu meM se pAragamita ho sakate haiM aura inameM se sabhI vastuyeM pAragamita ho sakatI haiN| (yahAM hameM nyUTrino kaNoM ke vyavahAra kA smaraNa hotA hai)| taijasa zarIra-saMpuTa ko kucha vidvAnoM ne cumbakIya yA vaidyuta zarIra ke rUpa meM anuvAdita kiyA hai| yaha bhI mAnA jAtA hai (sI.Ara. jaina, 1929) ki yaha taijasa pudgaloM se nirmita zarIra hai aura yaha jIva (AtmA) ke do anya zarIroM ke bIca eka anivArya kar3I kA kAma karatA hai| isa taraha kI kar3I isaliye Avazyaka hai ki kArmika zarIra ke pudgala ati-sUkSma hote haiM aura audArika zarIra ke pudgala itane sthUla hote haiM ki ina donoM meM pratyakSa yA tatkAla anyonyakriyA nahIM ho paatii| ____ pudgala kI tIsarI koTi 'sUkSma-sthUla' kahalAtI hai| isa koTi kI vastuyeM cAra iMdriyoM ke dvArA to pahacAnI jA sakatI haiM, para ve itanI sthUla nahIM hotI ki unheM AMkhoM se dekhA jA sake (jaise, USmA, dhvani, aadi)| ve vastuyeM cAra iMdriyoM- sparzana, raMsana, ghrANa aura karNa dvArA gRhIta kI jAtI haiM lekina ve mUrta yA dRzya nahIM hotii| pudgala kI cauthI koTi 'sthUla-sUkSma' kahalAtI hai| yaha "sUkSma-sthUla' koTi se sthUlatara hotI hai jo dRSTigocara nahIM hotii| yaha koTi una pudgaloM kI hai jo sthUla yA mUrta-se dikhate haiM para jinheM hama grahaNa nahIM kara sakate (jaise prakAza aadi)| isa prakAra yahAM prakAza ko sUkSmatara kaNoM kA skaMdha mAnA jAtA hai| yahAM hama isa dhAraNA kI ora bhI dhyAna dilAnA cAhate haiM ki prakAza kabhI-kabhI kaNoM ke pravAha ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai aura anya avasaroM para yaha vidyuta-cumbakIya taraMga ke rUpa meM

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janma-maraNa ke cakra 41 bhI mAnA jAtA hai| (udAharaNArtha, dekhiye, kiTa paiDalara, 1981) / nayI vivecanAoM ne prakAza, vidyuta, dhvani, gaisa Adi kA adhika vizvasanIya vargIkaraNa kiyA hai jahAM sUkSma-sthUla aura sthUla-sUkSma koTi kA vivecana iMdriya-grAhyatA yA dRzyatA kI apekSA kaNoM ke vistAra ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| (dekhiye, ena.ela. jaina., 1993) / pudgala kI pAMcavI koTi 'sthUla' hai jo dravoM ke samakakSa mAnI jAtI hai| isakI aMtima koTi "sthUla-sthUla' hai jo Thosa padArthoM ke samakakSa mAnI jAtI hai| ye pudagala kI vibhinna avasthAyeM haiN| sAraNI 4.2 meM pudgala ke isa vargIkaraNa kA saMkSepaNa diyA gayA hai| hamane yahAM pudgala ke vividha vargIkaraNoM meM kevala eka prakAra kA vargIkaraNa hI diyA hai| udAharaNArtha, jainoM ne eka vaikalpika vargIkaraNa bhI kiyA haiM jahAM pudgala paramANu-samUha (vargaNA) ke teIsa pramukha prakAra batAye gaye haiM jo padArthoM meM vidyamAna aMtima kaNoM kI saghanatA kI koTi para AdhArita haiN| (dekhiye, javerI, 1975, peja 58-61). sAraNI 4.2 : pudgala kA vargIkaraNa kramAMka paribhASA a-1 carama kaNa (U.P.) : sUkSmatama carama kaNa, carama paramANu a-2 aNu yA skaMdha ke chaha bheda sUkSma-sUkSma aMtima kaNoM se nirmita kArmana, kArmika zarIra paramANu evaM kArmika saMpuTa ke bIca kI koTi, nyUklIya UrjA, vidyuta, sUkSma kArmana-kaNoM se nirmita kArmika pudgala aNu aura skaMdha sUkSma-sthUla cakSu ko chor3a anya cAra dhvani, USmA, gaisa iMdriyoM se grAhya pudgala Adi sthUla-sUkSma cakSu se grAhya para anya prakAza iMdriyoM se agrAhya sthUla bAhya -dravyoM ke binA drava padArtha svayaM-saMyogI padArtha sthUla-sthUla bAkI sabhI koTi ke padArtha Thosa padArtha udAharaNa jisa prakAra AtmA (yA jIva) kA lakSaNa jIvana yA caitanya hai jisameM sukha, vIrya, jJAna aura darzana ke ghaTaka samAhita haiM, usI prakAra pudgala yA

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jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA ajIva ke bhI viziSTa guNa hote haiM - nirjIvatA ( acetanatA), sparza, rasa, gaMdha, vrnn| yahAM 'jIva' kA artha zuddha AtmA mAnA gayA hai kyoMki usake sabhI lakSaNa iMdriya - grAhya nahIM hote haiM / (dekhiye sAraNI 4. 3) 42 yahAM mahattvapUrNa siddhAMta yaha hai ki maulika kaNoM ke dvArA utpAdita pratyeka guNa meM apane asaMtatatA ke guNa kI apekSA sadaiva parivartana hotA rahatA hai / isa AdhAra para padArtha aura UrjA donoM ko eka evaM ekarUpa hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki dhvani, prakAza aura USmA Adi pudgala haiM lekina unakI paryAya UrjAtmaka hai| jainoM kI padArtha aura UrjA sambandhI ye dhAraNAyeM Adhunika bhautikI kI samasta dhAraNAoM ko samAhita nahIM karatIM, lekina ye unase saMgata avazya haiM (adhyAya 10 dekhiye) / isake viparyAsa meM, dUsarI ora jaina vijJAna 'padArtha para mana ke prabhAva se sambandhita ghaTanAoM kI acchI vyAkhyA karatA hai| yaha batAtA hai ki kArmana - kaNoM se nirmita sUkSma karma - pudgala aura AtmA kisa prakAra eka-dUsare se sambandhita haiM? sAraNI 4.3 jIva aura ajIva ke lakSaNa jIva 1. caitanya (jJAna, darzana, sukha aura vIrya ) 2. jJAna 3. darzana 4. sukha 5. vIrya 6. amUrta ajIva 1. acaitanya 2. sparza 3. rasa 4. gaMdha 5. varNa yA rUpa 6. mUrta / amUrta AtmA (yA jIva) : isa lokAkAza meM ananta AtmAyeM pAI jAtI haiN| pratyeka AtmA meM agaNita saMkhyA meM AkAza-pradeza pAye jAte haiM, lekina ye vartamAna zarIra kI AkRti kI bhautika sImA meM hI rahate haiN| isake viparyAsa meM, mukta AtmAyeM viziSTa hotI haiM aura ve kAla, dharmadravya aura adharma dravya ke baMdhanoM se mukta haiN| ve lokAkAza aura alokAkAza ke bIca kI sImA ke uccatama bindu para sthita rahatI haiN| isa sImA kA uccatama bindu, saMbhavataH kRSNa - vivara (Black hole) ke samAna hai| yaha mAnyatA isa AdhAra para hai ki kRSNa -- vivara para bhautikI ke mAnaka niyama lAgU nahIM hote| jaba sabhI karma - pudgala yahAM taka ki sUkSmatama karma - pudgala AtmA se viyojita ho jAte haiM, taba vaha isa

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janma-maraNa ke cakra 43 uccatama biMdu para jAtI hai| isa avasthA meM AtmA ananta sukha, vIrya, jJAna aura darzana prApta kara letI hai| yahAM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki jaina mata meM mana ko chaThI iMdriya mAnA jAtA hai jo pudgala se nirmita hotA hai aura jo pAMco iMdriyoM se prApta sUcanAoM ko prakramita (Process) karatA hai| lekina ise cetanA ke jJAna aura darzana ghaTakoM ke rUpa nahIM mAnanA caahiye| 4.5 jainoM kI kaNa-bhautikI sAmAnyataH pudgala yA padArtha meM pAMca varSoM meM se eka varNa, pAMca rasoM meM se eka rasa, do gaMdhoM meM se eka gaMdha aura sparza ke cAra yugmoM meM se pratyeka se eka sparza hotA hai| isakA vivaraNa nimna hai : 1. pAMca prakAra ke varNa : 1. kAlA 2. nIlA 3. lAla 4. pIlA aura 5. sapheda 2. pAMca prakAra ke rasa : 1. mIThA 2. kaDuA 3. tIkhA 4. khaTTA yA ___ amlIya aura 5. kaSailA 3. do prakAra ke gaMdha 1. sugaMdha aura 2. durgaMdha 4. cAra yugmoM ke rUpa meM ATha 1. uSNa/zIta 2. snigdha/rukSa prakAra ke sparza : (Ardra/zuSka) 3. mRdu/kaThora 4. laghu/guru 2. carama yA antima kaNa (U.P.) meM nimna guNa pAye jAte haiM : 1. pAMca varSoM meM se eka pAMca rasoM meM se eka 3. do gaMdhoM meM se eka 4. sparza ke do yugmoM (Ardra/zuSka; uSNa/zIta) meM se pratyeka se eka-eka (1+1) isa prakAra aMtima kaNoM meM uparokta pAMca guNa pAye jAte haiN| uparokta guNoM ke gaNitIya parikalana ke AdhAra para prAthamika aMtima kaNoM kI saMkhyA 200 taka ho jAtI hai| yaha batAyA gayA hai ki ArdratA aura zuSkatA kI vibhinna tIvratAyeM hotI haiM jo pUrNAMkoM ke rUpa meM vyakta kI jAtI haiN| jaba ye donoM paraspara meM saMyoga karate haiM, to naye saMyukta rUpa banate haiN| isa saMyoga kA mUla AdhAra yaha hai ki saMyukta rUpa meM sUkSmatama yA carama kaNoM meM ArdratA .. yA zuSkatA kI tIvratA eka yUniTa se adhika honI caahiye| yadi unakI

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44 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA tIvratA kevala eka-eka yUniTa hai, to inameM saMyoga nahIM hogaa| sAtha hI, yadi do carama kaNoM kI ArdratA kI tIvratAyeM X aura Y hoM, to unake saMyoga ke liye, |x-Y/52, X=2.........;Y-2.............. yahI niyama vibhinna zuSkatA kI tIvratA ke do carama kaNoM ke saMyoga para bhI lAgU hotA hai| aise do carama kaNoM ke saMyoga ke liye, koI pratibandha nahIM hai jinameM eka meM X ikAI ArdratA ho aura dUsare meM Y ikAI zuSkatA ho, yadi unameM x>1 aura Y>11 (yaha siddhAnta kaNa-bhautikI ke pAulI-apavarjana niyama se paryApta mAtrA meM samAnatA pradarzita karatA hai)| jainoM kI kaNa-bhautikI meM 200 se adhika prakAra ke prAthamika carama kaNa hote haiM, para unameM uparokta meM se pratyeka guNa kI tIvratA yA prabalatA eka se ananta yUniToM taka parivartI hotI hai| inheM saralatA se do mUlabhUta vargoM meM vibhedita kiyA jA sakatA hai : 1. kAryabhUta carama kaNa 2. kAraNabhUta caraNa knn| isa prakAra ina dono prakAra ke carama kaNoM se pUrA vizva nirmita hotA hai| yahAM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki carama kaNoM ke guNoM meM mRdutA/kaThinatA evaM laghutA/gurutA ke guNa apavarjita kiye gaye haiM, kyoMki ye saghana (bhAra-yukta)carama kaNoM yA unake saMyogoM ke guNa haiN| (kArmana-kaNa, carama kaNoM se nirmita sUkSmatama kaNa haiM, isaliye ve kevala do carama kaNoM ke saMyukta rUpa bhI ho sakate haiN|) 4.6 jIvana-cakroM kA vyAvahArika nihatArtha yaha bilkula spaSTa hai ki hamArI jIvana-dhurI para (adhyAya 2 dekhiye) dUsare punarjanma kI koTi ke nirmANa meM, karma-pudgala kendrIya yogadAna karate haiN| phalataH, eka aparAdhI manuSya dUsare janma meM sAMpa bhI ho sakatA hai, kyoMki aparAdha vRtti meM bhArI karma-pudgala hote haiM (dekhiye, citra 4.4) / dUsarI ora, eka sAmAnya manuSya bhArI karma-pudgaloM ke liye prAyazcitta karake AdhyAtmika zreNI kI uccatara koTi prApta kara sakatA hai| arthAt vaha aise kArmika ghanatva ke sAtha punarjanma le sakatA hai jo upAdhyAya pada ke anurUpa ho| isa prakAra, yaha jIvana cakra calatA rahatA hai| udAharaNArtha, koI jIva sarpa ke rUpa meM utpanna huA, vaha apane kArmika ghanatva ko kama kara apane dUsare jIvana cakra meM manuSya ke rUpa meM uccatara koTi kA jIvana prApta kara sakatA hai (citra 4. 4 dekhiye)| sAMpa ke liye yaha saMbhava hai ki vaha apane bhArI karma-padagaloM kA nirjharaNa kara ske| isake liye mahAvIra ke jIvana meM caMDakauzika kI paurANika kathA dekhiye, (pariziSTa 1) /

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janma-maraNa ke cakra wwwwww 10% AdhyAtmika upAdhyAya dvitIya cakra 10 / aparAdhI manuSya prathama cakra sAMpa wwwww citra 4.4 eka aparAdhI ke sAMpa hone ke prathama cakra meM aura usI ke AdhyAtmika guru hone ke dvitIya cakra meM karma-pudagaloM para nirbhara do kramAgata jIvana-cakroM ke sAtha jIvana kI dhurii| svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 2 ke pariprekSya meM, koI bhI apanA jIvana cakra kevala manuSya kI avasthA ke mAdhyama se hI samApta kara sakatA hai, kyoMki isI avasthA meM kArmika ghanatva anya jIvana rUpoM kI apekSA tulanAtmaka rUpa meM alpa hotA hai| manuSya kI avasthA ke karma-pudgaloM ko pUrNataH niyaMtrita karane arthAt AtmA ko baMdI banAne vAle karmoM ke bandha ko pUrNataH evaM aMtima rUpa meM viyojita karane ke upAyoM kA varNana agale adhyAya 5 (dekhiye svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 4 a) meM diyA jaaygaa| tathApi, jaba AtmA punarjanma ke cakra se mukta hotA hai, taba vaha mAnA jAtA hai ki usake mukta hone para tatkAla hI nimnatara jIvana-koTi kI koI dUsarI AtmA uccatara koTi ko prApta hotI hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki eka AtmA kI mukti ke anaMtara anya AtmAyeM uccatara jIvana koTi ko prApta karatI haiN| isaliye, hama svayaM ko

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jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA mukta karake nimna jIvana koTi ke prANiyoM ke jIvana- dhurI para uccatara koTi meM jAne kI prakriyA meM sahAyaka hote haiN| zrRkhalA ke samAna pragati kI yaha dhAraNA bar3I hI rocaka haiN| 46 4.7 sAmAnya samIkSA svataH siddha avadhAraNA 3 meM do mahattvapUrNa bindu mAne gaye haiM : 1. mana aura padArtha kA vijJAna tathA 2. punarjanma kA siddhAnta kiTa peDalara (1981) ne bhautikIvidoM ke dvArA anusaMdhAnita una niyamoM kI vartamAna pravRtti kA vivecana kiyA hai jo na kevala padArtha ko anuzAsita karate haiM, apitu cetanA ko bhI prabhAvita karate haiM aura jinake dvArA dhAtuoM kA jor3anA, vastuoM kA sthAnAMtaraNa, mana:paryaya jJAna Adi kI vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai| tathApi, isa dizA meM bahuta prayatna karane para bhI pragati sImita hI hai / peDalara kevala una binduoM kI carcA kI hai jina para kama se kama, Aja vaijJAnika anusaMdhAna ho rahA hai| keparA kI zodha (1975) nizcita rUpa se isase eka kadama Age hai| punarjanma ke viSaya meM vilsana (1981) ne apanI pustaka meM una vyaktiyoM ke vibhinna prakAra ke vivaraNoM kI vizvasanIyatA kI parIkSA kI hai jo sammohana kI prakriyA meM apane pUrvajanma kI avasthA meM pahuMce aura jisakA unhoMne vastuniSTha varNana kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki eka sammohaka DAkTara jo kITana ne yaha kahA hai ki vizva meM na to svarga hI hai aura na eka jIvana se dUsare jIvana ke bIca koI vizrAma sthala hai| mRtyu se punarjanma kI prakriyA tAtkAlika hotI hai| yaha upakalpanA usI ke samAna hai jisakA vivaraNa hamane Upara diyA hai / 4.8 pAribhASika zabdAvalI 1. ATha kArmika ghaTaka (karma) a. prAthamika karma ba. sukha-vikArI karma a 1. aMtardRSTi vikArI a 2. cAritra vikArI // // 11 ghAtiyA karma, guNa-vikArI mohanIya karma darzana mohanIya karma caritra mohanIya karma

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janma-maraNa ke cakra 47 aMtarAya karma jJAnAvaraNa karma darzanAvaraNa karma vedanIya karma sAtAvedanIya karma asAtAvedanIya karma nAma karma Ayu karma gotra karma ba. vIrya-avarodhaka karma sa. jJAna-Avaraka karma da. darzana-Avaraka karma 2. dvitIyaka karma (aghAtiyA karma) 1. anubhUti-utpAdaka karma (i) sukha-utpAdaka karma = (ii) duHkha utpAdaka karma = 2. zarIra (vyaktitva) - nirmANaka karma 3. *jIvitA-nirdhAraka karma 4. paryAvaraNa -nirdhAraka karma = 2. zarIra ke prakAra kArmika zarIra taijasa saMpuTa chaha dravya AtmA padArtha AkAza adhiSThita AkAza anadhiSThita AkAza gati mAdhyama sthiti mAdhyama parivartana mAdhyama AkAza pradeza aMtima/carama/ = sUkSmatama kaNa ava-paramANuka kaNa = kArmana-kaNoM se nirmita taijasa zarIra - laM + o o jIva, AtmA pudgala (padArtha + UrjA) kSetra lokAkAza alokAkAza dharma dravya adharma dravya kAla dravya pradeza paramANu, o o sUkSma paramANu ghaTaka, aNu vargaNA kaNa-samUha/ kaNa-varga

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48 TippaNiyA~ 1. pI. esa. jainI pRSTha. 125 nAma karma zarIra se sambandhita hai aura yaha kahA jAtA hai ki yaha do sUkSma zarIroM ko utpanna karatA hai jo hamAre zarIra kI abhivyakti meM kAraNa hote haiN| ye do zarIra haiM 1. taijasa zarIra - uSNa zarIra, jo jIvana taMtra kI tApamAna - jaisI mahattvapUrNa kriyAoM ko banAye rakhatA hai aura 2. kArmaNa zarIra, jo kisI bhI samaya para AtmA ke sAtha upasthita sampUrNa karma - pudgaloM kA yoga hotA hai| jainoM ke punarjanma siddhAMta kI avadhAraNA meM ina donoM zarIroM ke astitva kI bAta atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai, kyoMki ye zarIra AtmA ko eka janma se dUsare janma taka jAne ke liye (yadyapi apanI sAmarthya ke kAraNa bhI) vAhana - mAdhyama kA kAma karate haiM / 2. pI. esa. jainI, pRSTha 126-128 - jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA mRtyu ke samaya aisA lagatA hai ki aghAtiyA karma bhAvI zarIra yA janma ke liye viziSTa dazAyeM pUrva-nirdhArita kara dete haiN| isase sambandhita sUcanAyeM kArmaNa zarIra dvArA vAhita kI jAtI haiM jo taijasa zarIra ke sAtha AtmA ko, apane vartamAna bhautika zarIra se mukta hone para, naye zarIra meM pratisthApita kara detA hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki AtmA meM sthUla zarIra se mukta hone para sahaja hI paryApta saMcAlana bala hotA hai, jisase yaha avizvasanIya gati se sIdhe hI usa lakSya kI ora bar3hatA hai jise usake sahavartI karmoM ne pUrva-nirdhArita kiyA hai| yaha gati vigraha gati (yA punarjanma ke liye gati) kahalAtI hai| yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki naye lakSya kI cAha kitanI bhI dUrI para kyoM na ho, yaha kevala eka samaya meM hI vahAM pahuMcA detI hai / 3. pI. esa. jainI, pRSTha 98 AkAza kA vibhedaka guNa yaha hai ki usameM sabhI dravyoM ko sthAna dene kI kSamatA haiN| yaha usa sthiti meM hI sahI hai ki yaha vAstava meM (lokAkAza ke prakaraNa meM) sthAna dAna karatA hai yA nahIM (alokAkAza ke prakaraNa meN)| isaliye 'AkAza' kevala eka dravya hai aura isakA vistAra ananta hai| isake sAtha hI, AkAza ko atyanta sUkSma yA laghutama 'AkAza - biMduoM' (pradezoM) meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina pradezoM me kucha vistAra to hotA hai, para ve punarvibhAjita nahIM kiye jA sakate /

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adhyAya 5 karmoM kA vyAvahArika bandha (svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 4 a) svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 4 a : karma kA bandha mithyAtva, avirati yA asaMyama, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ke kAraNa hotA hai| 5.1. svataHsiddha avadhAraNA pichale adhyAyoM ke vivaraNa se hama yaha jAnate haiM ki karma-pudgaloM ke ghanatva se vibhinna jIva/jAtiyoM meM aMtara hotA hai| sAtha hI, manuSya--stara para yaha ghanatva kama hotA hai| tathApi, AtmA kI sampUrNa kSamatA kA sAkSAtkAra karane ke liye yaha mahattvapUrNa hai ki karma-pudgaloM ko usase pUrNataH viyojita kiyA jaay| isake pUrva ki hama yaha jAnakArI kareM ki yaha lakSya kaise prApta hotA hai, yaha jAnanA mahattvapUrNa hai ki karmoM kA bandha, vyAvahArika dRSTi se, kaise hotA hai ? phalataH aba hama adhyAya 2.4 meM vikasita una bhAvAtmaka carcAoM se sambandhita vyAvahArika pakSa prastuta karane kA prayatna kreNge| mana, vacana aura kAya kI kriyAoM, yA saMkSepa meM jaina yoga ke kAraNa AtmA ke cAroM ora karma bala-kSetra utpanna hotA hai, jabaki vyakti kI bhAvAtmaka kriyAoM ke kAraNa arthAt apanI icchAoM ke kAraNa karma kA bandha hotA hai| yahAM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki koI bhI kriyA, svayaM na to karma-bala kSetra banA sakatI hai aura na hI kArmana-kaNoM ko AkarSita kara sakatI hai| yaha usI prakAra samajhanA cAhiye jaise kisI bhI navajAta zizu meM sahI yA galata kAma karane kI koI bhAvanA nahIM hotii| lekina jaba ye bhAvAtmaka kriyAyeM kI jAtI haiM, taba kArmana-kaNa AkarSita hote haiM aura karma-bandha ho jAtA hai|' AtmA + mana, vacana, kAya kI kriyAyeM - kArmana kaNa ArkaSaNa - karma-bandha isa karma-bandha ke liye svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 4 a me pAMca kAraNa yA kAraka diye gaye haiM : mithyAtva yA mithyAdarzana (viparIta dRSTikoNa) avirati yA asaMyama pramAda kaSAya aura

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jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA yoga yA mana, vacana aura kAya kI kriyAyeM ye sabhI kAraka karma-pudgala aura karma-baloM ko prabhAvita karate haiN| hama inheM pAMca kArmika ejenTa (abhikartA) kheNgeN| inameM se pratyeka kAraka AtmA ke cAroM ghaTakoM - jJAna, darzana, sukha aura vIrya ko prabhAvita yA durbala karate haiN| sabase pahalA kAraka mithyAtva hai| isakA artha hai AtmA ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM asatya dhAraNAyeM athavA 'mai kauna hUM' ke viSaya meM bhrAMta dhaarnnaayeN| hamAre uparokta vivaraNoM ke sandarbha meM isakA artha yaha hogA ki mithyAtvI pUrvokta svataHsiddha avadhAraNAoM 1-3 meM vizvAsa nahIM karatA, phalataH AtmA ke jJAna aura darzana ke ghaTaka Avarita ho jAte haiN| dUsare kAraNa avirati yA asaMyama kA artha hai ki jIva meM Atma-niyaMtraNa yA saMyama nahIM hai jisake kAraNa vaha azubha yA anaicchika kriyAyeM yA karma karatA hai| isase sukha kA ghaTaka vikRta hotA hai| isI prakAra, pramAda pada kA artha hai - mokSa prApti kI ora unmukhatA ke prati akriyatA yA jdd'taa| isase AtmA kA vIrya ghaTaka bAdhita hotA hai| yahAM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki jaina yoga kA artha mana, vacana aura kAya kI sAmAnya kriyAyeM hai| Adhunika 'yoga' zabda ke artha ke rUpa meM isa viSaya meM bhrAMti nahIM karanI caahiye| sakArAtmaka (jaina) yoga (puNyArjanI kriyAyeM) laghu ghanatva ke yA puNya ke karma-pudgaloM ko AkarSita karatA hai aura nakArAtmaka kriyAyeM (hAnikAraka kriyAyeM) bhArI yA pApa ke karma-pudgaloM ko AkarSita karatI haiN| (dekhiye, pariziSTa 3 ba, uddharaNa 5.1) kaSAya karma-bandha kA aMtima kAraka hai| yaha karma-bandha kI dRr3hatA evaM tIvratA kA mukhya ghaTaka hai| (dekhiye pariziSTa 3 ba, uddharaNa 5.2) / yaha ghaTaka AtmA ke cAroM ghaTakoM ko prabhAvita karatA hai| isakA pUrNa vivaraNa hama khaMDa 5.3 meM prastuta kreNge| karma-bandha ke uparokta pAMco kArakoM kA saMkSepaNa nimna hai : mithyAtva jJAna-darzana ghaTakoM kA Avaraka avirati sukha-ghaTaka kA vikAraka pramAda vIrya yA kSamatA kA bAdhaka yoga puNya (laghu) yA pApa (saghana) karmoM kA AkarSaka kaSAya cAroM ghaTakoM ko prabhAvita karatA hai 5.2 vyavahAra meM karma-ghaTaka aba hama adhyAya 4.2 meM paribhASita ATha prakAra ke karmoM meM se pratyeka ke vyAvahArika pariNAmoM kA vivaraNa deNge|

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karmoM kA vyAvahArika baMdha 51 darzana mohanIya ke udaya se mithyA dRSTikoNa utpanna hotA hai| isameM ativAda aura sahI aura galata ke bIca vibhedana kI akSamatA bhI samAhita hai| cAritra mohanIya ke ghaTaka ke udaya se kaSAya aura Avega utpanna hote haiM jo samyaka-cAritra ko unmAdita karate haiN| ye donoM hI ghaTaka eka-sAtha kAma karate haiM aura AdhyAtmika pragati ko avaruddha karate haiN| jJAnAvaraNa karma ke udaya se jJAna kI pUrNatA meM pAMca prakAra se bAdhAeM AtI haiM - 1. iMdriya aura mana kI kriyAoM meM bAdhA DAlatA hai (mati jJAna) 2. tarka-kSamatA meM bAdhA DAlatA hai (zruta jJAna), 3. dUra-darzana sAmarthya kI abhivyakti (avadhi jJAna) meM bAdhA DAlatA hai, 4. mana ke vicAroM ko jAnane meM bAdhA DAlatA haiM (manaHparyava jJAna) aura 5. sarvajJatA kI kSamatA kI abhivyakti meM bAdhA DAlatA hai| darzanAvaraNa karma AMkha yA anya iMdriyoM ke pratyakSa yA parokSa darzana meM bAdhaka hotA hai, avadhi-jJAna-pUrvI darzana meM bAdhA DAlatA hai aura kevala darzana kI abhivyakti meM bAdhaka hotA hai| sukha-vikArI mohanIya karma (darzana aura cAritra mohanIya karma) AtmA kI UrjA yA kSamatA ko sImita karatA hai, mana, vacana aura kAya kI kriyAoM ko bhI sImita karatA hai| yaha bhrAMti utpanna karatA hai| yaha icchAyeM utpanna karatA hai| ina saba kAraNoM se yaha sabhI karmoM ke saMcAlana meM preraka banatA hai| isakA prabhAva usI prakAra kA hotA hai jaise unmAda kI dazA meM svayaM meM mahattvapUrNa parivartana hotA hai| aba hama dvitIyaka kArmika ghaTakoM (adhAtiyA karmoM) ke samuccaya ke prabhAvoM kA saMkSepaNa kreNge| vedanIya karma kA ghaTaka sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti kI mAnasika avasthAoM ko abhilakSaNita karatA hai| nAma-karma kA ghaTaka jAti, liMga aura varNa (tathA sampUrNa vyaktitva) ko nirdhArita karatA hai| Ayu karma kA ghaTaka agale janma kI dIrgha-jIvitA nirdhArita karatA hai| gotra karma kA ghaTaka una paristhitiyoM ko nirdhArita karatA hai jo AdhyAtmika pragati kI ora le jAte haiN| 5.3 bhAvAtmaka kriyAyeM aura cAra kaSAya aba hama vyavahAra meM karma kI gatizIlatA kA vivaraNa deMge haiN| mAna lIjie ki kisI bhI bhAvAtmaka kriyA ke kAraNa karma-bandha meM samAhita

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jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA kArmana-kaNoM kI saMkhyA x hai| yahAM yaha bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki naye karma pudgala viyojana yA udaya ke pUrva kucha samaya ke liye prasupta yA niSkriya rahate haiN| sAraNI 5.1 meM x kArmana kaNoM se sambandhita cAra mahattvapUrNa kAraka diye gaye haiN| sAraNI 5.1 sUtra x+ ........+ x = x ke sAtha bandhana meM samAhita x-kArmanoM kI Ayu evaM sakriyatA karma-ghaTaka pratyeka ghaTaka kI mAtrA viyojana kA samaya- aMtarAla viyojana kI tIvratA X (t, t2) (to), theP) (ts(1), ty(2) (L), t(2) (ts(1), t;(2) (t6(1), ta(2) (t,(1), th2)) (ts'), tg(2) Xs sAraNI 5.1 meM x1........ Xs kArmika ghaTakoM meM kArmana-kaNoM ke vibhinna parimANa haiM, t(1), th(2) Adi vibhinna karmoM ke viyojana ke anurUpa samaya aMtarAla haiM aura fi,...........f8 viyojana ke samaya bandha kI tIvratAyeM haiN| karmabandha meM bhAga lene vAle kArmana-kaNoM kI sahI saMkhyA X bhAvoM kI taratamatA para nirbhara karatI hai jisake kAraNa kriyA kI jAtI hai| vibhinna kArmika ghaTakoM ke bIca x kaNoM kA vitaraNa kriyA kI prakati para nirbhara karatA hai arthAt kriyA kI prakRti abhedita kArmana-kaNoM ke dvArA gRhIta viziSTa kArmika ghaTakoM kA nirdhAraNa karatI hai| yahAM yaha bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki pratyeka karma-ghaTaka, a, ba Adi ke lie viyojana samaya, t sthira rahatA hai lekina vibhinna ghaTakoM ke lie yaha parivartI bhI ho sakatA hai|

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karmoM kA vyAvahArika baMdha / pratyeka ghaTaka kA anurUpI sthitija bala, f aura viyojana-samaya, t kaSAyoM kI taratamatA para nirbhara karatA hai jisake AdhAra para koI kriyA kI jAtI hai| eka bAra kArmanoM kA prabhAva vyakta hone para yaha jIva/AtmA se nisarjita ho jAtA hai aura punaH apanI avibhedita avasthA meM A jAtA hai aura, isa prakAra vaha mukta kArmana-kaNoM ke ananta bhaMDAra meM samAhita ho jAtA hai| yahAM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki sakriyaNa kA samaya, nisarjana kI sthiti aura pratyeka kArmika ghaTaka kI prabalatA bhinna-bhinna bhI ho sakatI hai| sAtha hI, yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki kArmanoM kA samaya-pUrva viyojana (udIraNa) aura unake prabhAvoM kA damana Adi bhI kucha vizeSa sAdhanoM ke mAdhyama se saMbhava ho jAtA hai (adhyAya 7 dekhiye)| kaSAya karma-baMdha kA mukhya kAraka hai| isake cAra bheda haiM : krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobh| ina cAra kaSAyoM ko hama mukhya kaSAya kheNgeN| inheM citra 5.1 meM nidarzita kiyA gayA hai| yahAM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki lAlasA aura saMgraha yA khAna-pAna kI adhikatA kI pravRtti- donoM hI lobha ke rUpa haiN| lobha evaM mAyA ke kAraNa kArmana-kaNoM kA ArkaSaNa bahuta prabala hotA hai| isake viparyAsa meM krodha aura mAna ke kAraNa inakA AkarSaNa durbala hotA hai| ye donoM kaSAyeM eka sAtha bhI ho sakatI haiN| kisI bhI viziSTa sthiti meM, zarIra, vacana aura mana kI kriyAyeM (dekhiye citra 5.2 a) karma-kSetra ko sakriya banAtI haiN| isase naye kArmana saMkalita hone lagate haiM aura ve cAroM kaSAyoM kI taratamatA ke kAraNa AkarSita aura vikarSita hote haiM (dekhiye citra 5.2 a)| naye kArmana kaNa jIva ke sAtha vidyamAna karma-pudgaloM ke sAtha AtmA ke UrjA-ghaTaka kI sahAyatA se bandhana kI prakriyA se pAra hote haiM jisase kaSAyeM rekhita ho jAtI haiN| (dekhiye, citra 5.2 b)| yaha vidyamAna karma-pudagaloM kI dRSTi se vyaktigata kriyA hai| isake bAda uttaravartI bhAvAtmaka kriyAoM ke kAraNa unake vibhinna kArya nizcita kiye jAte haiN| isakA artha yaha hai ki acche kAmoM se puNya karma kA saMyojana hogA, jabaki bure kAmoM se pApa karmoM kA saMyoga hogA (dekhiye citra 5.2 b)| phalataH aMta meM kramazaH durbala yA prabala karma-bandha hogaa| yahAM yaha dhyAna dIjiye ki vyavahAra meM ye karma-bandha kI prakriyAyeM adhyAya 2 meM varNita bhAvAtmaka

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54 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA prakriyAoM se kisa prakAra sAmya rakhatI haiN| yahA~ citra 5.2 vizeSataH citra 2.1 kA vyAvahArika nidarzana hai| yahAM yaha bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki yahAM krodha aura mAna ko 'dveSa-samUha' meM rakhA gayA hai jabaki mAyA aura lobha ko 'rAga-samUha' meM rakhA gayA hai, kyoki ye kaSAyeM anurUpI bhAvanAtmaka dazAoM ko pratibimbita karatI haiN| 5.4 kaSAyoM kI taratamatA yA koTi aba hama cAra pramukha kaSAyoM - krodha, mAna, mAyA ora lobha kI prabalatA kI sodAharaNa vyAkhyA kareMge aura inheM hama 0,1,2,3,4 kI pAMca koTiyoM ke rUpa meM vyakta kreNge| vastutaH ye koTiyAM karmabandha ke ghanatva ke anupAta meM hotI haiM, karma-bandha kA ghanatva 6 kaSAyoM kI koTi arthAta kaSAyoM kI koTi jitanI hI ucca hogI, karma-bandha bhI utanA hI vRhattara hogaa| isake viyojana kA samaya bhI utanA hI adhika hogA aura karma-bala bhI utanA hI prabalatara hogaa| krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kI 0,1,2,3 va 4 kI koTiyoM ko nimna upamAoM dvArA nidarzita kiyA jA sakatA hai (dekhiye, sTIveMsana, 1915 peja 124) 1. krodha kaSAya : krodha ke prakaraNa meM usakI koTi 1 pAnI para lakar3I se khIMcI gaI rekhA ke samAna hotI hai jo tatkAla miTa jAtI hai| isakI koTi 2 samudra ke kinAre kI reta para khIMcI gaI rekhA ke samAna hotI hai jo samudrI jvAra-bhATA se miTa jAtI hai| isakI koTi 3 retIlI jamIna para banAI gaI khAI ke samAna hotI hai jo eka varSa kI ritu ke bAda barasAta meM svayaM hI miTa jAtI hai| isakI koTi 4 sabase nikRSTatama hotI hai aura yaha pahAr3a para utpanna gahana darAra ke samAna hotI hai jo ananta kAla taka rahatI hai| krodha kI zUnya koTi kA artha hai - sahiSNutA aura shaaNti|

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karmoM kA vyAvahArika baMdha 55 (a) krodha (ba) mAna (sa) mAyA (da,) adhika khAna-pAna kI pravRtti (da) lobha yA lAlasA citra 5.1 jaina dharma meM cAra pramukha kaSAyeM 2. mAna kaSAya : aba hama mAna kaSAya kI pAMca koTiyoM ko nidarzita kreNge| isakI prathama koTi vRkSa kI zAkhA ke patale skaMdha ke samAna hotI hai jo narama hotI hai aura saralatA se mur3a sakatI hai| isakI dUsarI koTi vRkSa kI nayI zAkhA ke samAna hotI hai jo tUphAnI havAoM se hI mur3a sakatI hai (yA adhika bala lagAne para mor3I jA sakatI hai)| mAna kaSAya kI

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56 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA tIsarI koTi paripakva vRkSa se kATe gaye lakar3I ke laTTe ke samAna hotI hai jo tailita aura garama karane para hI mor3I jA sakatI hai| isa kaSAya kI cauthI koTi vRkSa para AdhArita kisI bhI anurUpatA se bhinna hotI hai| yaha grenAiTa ke Tukar3e ke samAna mor3I nahIM jA sktii| isa kaSAya kI zUnya koTi namratA aura vinaya kI saMsUcaka hai| 3. mAyA kaSAya : isa kaSAya kI tulanA kuTilatA se kI jA sakatI hai| isakI prathama koTi gehUM ke vRMta ke samAna hotI hai jo havA se hI jhuka jAtI hai aura thor3e se hI prayatna se sIdhA ho jAtI hai| isakI dUsarI koTi kisI bagIce yA udyAna kI sImA rakSaka ghAsa ke samAna hotI hai jise burI taraha se kATa diyA gayA ho aura jise ThIka karane meM kAphI zrama aura samaya lagatA ho| isakI tIsarI koTi eka Ter3he-mer3he dAMta ke samAna hotI hai, jise yadi samaya rahate niyaMtrita na kiyA gayA, to vaha sIdhA nahIM ho sktaa| isakI cauthI koTi kisI vRkSa kI gAMTha ke samAna hotI hai| isakI zUnya koTi saralatA kI sUcaka hai| 4. lobha kaSAya : yaha kahA jAtA hai ki lobha manuSya ke hRdaya (aura baddhi) ke svarUpa ko parivartita kara detA hai| isakI prathama koTi. jalIya peMTa yA lepa ke samAna hotI hai jise pAnI se zIghra hI saralatA se dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa koTi meM prANI kA hRdaya pIle raMga kA ho jAtA hai| isakI dUsarI koTi khAne-pakAne kI usa kar3AhI ke samAna hotI hai jisameM vasAyeM cipaTa jAtI haiM aura unako sApha karane meM kAphI zrama karanA par3atA hai| isa koTi meM prANI kA hRdaya maTamailA ho jAtA haiN| isakI tIsarI koTi kapar3e para tela ke dAga ke samAna hotI hai jise kevala 'zuSka-saphAI kI vidhi se hI dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa koTi meM prANI kA hRdaya kAphI raMgA huA ho jAtA hai| isakI cauthI koTi eka sthAyI raMjaka ke samAna hotI hai jise dUra karanA kaThina hI hotA hai| lobha kaSAya kI zUnya koTi pUrNa saMtoSa evaM caturvidha dAna kI pravRtti kI pratIka hai| kaSAyoM kI ina koTiyoM ko inake prabhAvoM kI samaya-sImA se bhI saha-sambandhita kiyA jA sakatA hai (dekhiye, glejanapa, 1942) / pratyeka pramukha kaSAya kI cauthI koTi kI sthiti jIvana-paryaMta hotI hai| isakI tIsarI koTi ke prabhAva -

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57 karmoM kA vyAvahArika baMdha paristhitiyAM bhAvAtmaka kriyAyeM cAra kaSAyeM tIvita citra 5.2 do bhAgoM meM nidarzita kArmika bandha kA gatika-rUpa kA pravAha-krama Arekha : (a) sakriyakRta karma-bala ke sAtha paristhiti aura bhAvAtmaka kriyAyeM

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58 nakArAtmaka yoga tIvrita cAra kaSAyeM kArmana avazoSaNa jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA H sakArAtmaka yoga citra 5.2 ba kaSAya aura yoga se karma kA Asrava, bandha aura karma - pudgaloM kA punargaThana

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karmoM kA vyAvahArika baMdha jIvana eka varSa kA hotA hai| pramukha kaSAya kI dUsarI koTi cAra mAha taka prabhAvI hotI hai aura pahalI koTi ko damita yA anabhivyakta kaSAya kahate haiM jisakA prabhAva paMdraha dina taka rahatA hai| sabhI pramukha kaSAyoM kI zUnya koTi kA artha hai - prANI kI uccatara AdhyAtmika kotti| mehatA (1939) ne jaina manovijJAna ke viSaya meM acchA vivaraNa diyA hai| unhoMne vizeSataH kaSAya aura kArmana-kaNoM ke siddhAMta ko Adhunika manovijJAna ke saMdarbha meM vivecita kiyA hai| hamane abhI cAra pramukha kaSAyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobh| vastutaH ye cAroM kaSAyeM nau prakAra ke no-kaSAyoM yA bhAvanAoM ke liye uttaradAyI hotI haiN| inake nAma haiM : 1. hAsya 2. rati 3. arati 4.jugupsA (ghRNA) 5. bhaya 6. duHkha 7. strI veda 8. purUSa veda 9. napusaMka veda yahAM ciMtA ko bhaya meM samAhita kiyA gayA hai, lekina yaha apane prati hiMsA ke bhAva kI adhika pratIka hai| isake viSaya meM adhyAya 6 meM vivecana kiyA jaaygaa| 5.5. pAribhASika zabdAvalI 1. yoga = mana, vacana, kAya kI kriyA bhAva = mAnasika pravRttiyAM 2. karma-bandha ke pAMca kAraNa mithyAdarzana/mithyAtva = truTipUrNa/asatya dRSTikoNa avirati = asaMyama, vratoM kA pAlana na karanA pramAda - Alasya, aruci cAra pramukha kaSAya : krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha-lAlasA, saMgraha kI vRtti, asIma icchAyeM 3. no-kaSAya yA dvitIyaka kaSAya rAga : prIti, anurAga Adi dveSa : ghRNA, IrSyA Adi

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60 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA TippaNiyAM 1. pI. esa. jainI, peja 112 __ "Atmika UrjA kA guNa rAga-dveSAtmaka azuddhiyoM ke kAraNa digbhramita ho jAtA hai, aura AtmA meM kampana utpanna karatA hai (yog)| isase AtmA meM vibhinna bhautika karmoM kA Asrava hotA hai| vAstava meM, yahAM kampana kA artha vyakti kI bhAvAtmaka kriyAyeM hai| ye kriyAyeM mana, vacana yA kAya ke mAdhyama se abhivyakta hotI haiN| sAraNI 5.1 meM vibhinna kArmika ghaTakoM meM kArmana-kaNoM kI saMkhyA X1, X2 ..... X8 ke rUpa meM vyakta kI gaI haiN| isake anurUpa X1, X2 ..... X8 ke viyojana ke samaya aMtarAla (t(1, th(2)).... (ts(1) tg(2)) haiN| isa prakAra kArmika ghaTaka 'a' ke liye viyojana samaya samaya se prAraMbha hotA hai aura th-samaya para samApta hotA hai| isI prakAra, anya ghaTakoM ke viSaya meM bhI samajhanA caahiye| viyojita hone vAle kArmika ghaTakoM kI tIvratAyeM kramaza: f ..... f8 haiN| yahAM yaha samajhA jAtA hai ki viyojana prakrama pratyeka ghaTaka ke liye eka samAna sthira hotA hai| lekina yaha vibhinna ghaTakoM meM parivartI bhI ho sakatA hai| 2. pI. esa. jainI, peja 113 __ "kisI bhI kriyA ke bAda AtmA ke prati AkRSTa hone vAle karmoM ke pradezoM kA vAstavika parimANa una bhAvoM kI koTi para nirbhara karatA hai jinake kAraNa kriyA kI jAtI hai| isake atirikta kriyA kI prakRti kA svarUpa karma kI prakRti ko nirdhArita karatA hai jo isake pUrva avibhedita mAnI jAtI hai| ina vibhinna karmoM kI sthiti evaM prabalatA arthAt ye kitane samaya taka AtmA ke sAtha baMdhe raheMge aura AtmA para inakA kisa prakAra kA vAstavika prabhAva par3egA, isa bAta para nirbhara karatI hai ki kriyA karate samaya krodha yA lobha Adi kaSAyoM kI koTi kyA thii| eka bAra karma ne jaba apanA prabhAva dikhA diyA (udaya meM AyA), yaha pake phala ke samAna AtmA se nirjharita ho jAtA hai aura apanI avibhedita avasthA ko punaH prApta kara letA hai aura isa prakAra yaha punaH loka-vyApI karma pudgaloM ke anaMta-saMcaya kA aMza bana jAtA hai|" .

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adhyAya 6 kArmana-kaNoM kA sImAMta yA carama avazoSaNa (svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 4 ba) apane prati athavA anya ke prati kI jAne vAlI hiMsA naye atibhArI pApamaya karma-pudgaloM kA bandha karatI hai| isake viparyAsa meM, jIvoM ke prati sakArAtmaka ahiMsaka vRtti ke sAtha mokSamArga para jAne kI kriyAoM meM sahAyaka honA naye laghutara puNyamaya karma-pudgaloM kA bandha hai| 6.1 svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 4 ba pUrvavartI adhyAya 5 meM hamane yaha jJAta kiyA hai ki ve kauna se kAraka haiM jinase karma-pravAha saMbhava hotA hai| adhyAya 5 meM hamane yaha bhI batAyA hai ki sakArAtmaka kriyAoM (yoga) se bandhanIya kArmana-kaNa laghutara yA puNyamaya karma-pudgaloM meM parivartita hote haiM aura nakArAtmaka kriyAoM (yoga) se ve bhArI yA pApamaya karma-pudagaloM ke rUpa meM parivartita hote haiN| isake viparyAsa meM, puNyamaya karma-pudgaloM ke udaya se acchA phala milatA hai aura bhArI yA pApamaya karma-pudgaloM ke bandhottara udaya se bure phala milate haiN| isakA artha yaha hai ki puNyamaya karma-pudgala AdhyAtmika pragati ke liye acchA vAtAvaraNa pradAna karate haiM aura pApamaya karma-pudagala bhAvI jIvana-cakroM meM jIvana ko nimna staroM kI ora le jAte haiN| yahAM yaha prazna uThatA hai ki prANI puNyamaya (laghutara) yA pApamaya (gurutara) karma-pudgaloM ko kaise ekatrita karatA hai ? bandha ke ina do sImAntoM kI ora le jAne vAlI kriyAyeM kramazaH hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke rUpa meM hotI haiM (citra 6.1) / yahAM hiMsA zabda kA upayoga vyApaka artha meM kiyA gayA hai| vyakti mana, vacana aura kAya kI bhAvAtmaka kriyAoM se svayaM (kRta) yA dUsaroM ko hiMsA karane ke liye prerita karatA hai (kArita), yA phira dUsaroM ke dvArA kI gaI hiMsA kA anumodana karatA hai (anumodit)| isa prakAra, vaha tIna prakAra se - kRta, kArita yA anumodita hiMsA karatA hai| isake sAtha hI, hiMsA zabda se hI aisI kriyA kA saMketa milatA hai jo dUsaroM ke liye (yA svayaM ke liye) pIr3A yA duHkha utpanna kare yA kaSAyoM ko tIvra kre| vastutaH, yaha zabda 'prANa lene' ke artha ko bhI samAhita karatA hai| yaha kriyA na kevala dUsaroM ko duHkha pahuMcAne ke liye bhartsanIya hai, apitu kaSAyoM kI

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jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA tIvratA bar3hAne ke liye bhI niMdanIya hai| yaha hiMsaka ke karma-bandha kI prabalatA ko paryApta mAtrA meM bar3hAtI hai| VITA IMLAI ahiMsA - - (a) hiMsA citra 6.1 AtmA para (a) sakArAtmaka ahiMsA aura (ba) hiMsA kA prabhAva svataHsiddha avadhAraNA , 1 se hameM jJAta hai ki sabhI prANiyoM meM karma-bandha se viyojita hone kI icchA rahatI hai| unheM svayaM duHkhI hone kI apekSA, gatizIla ahiMsA ke mAdhyama se isa lakSya kI ora bar3hane meM sahAyatA karanA sakArAtmaka aMhisA hai| AtmA kA sahaja guNa to 'jIne do aura dUsaroM ke jIne meM sahAyaka bano' hai (pariziSTa 3 ba; uddharaNa 6.1) / isakA artha yaha hai ki pratyeka AtmA kA kArya sabhI kI sAmAnya AdhyAtmika unnati ke liye anya prANiyoM ke sAtha anyonyakriyA kara pArasparika hitoM kA sAdhana karanA hai| isa prakAra yaha svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 4 ba na kevala apanI icchAoM ko pUrNa karane ke liye prerita karatI hai, apitu yaha sAtha-sAtha sabhI ko AdhyAtmika pragati ke liye prerita karatI hai| tathApi, isakA prathama uttaradAyitva apane prati hai (arthAt svayaM se prIti karo) jisase vaha dUsaroM ke prati karuNA, anuzaMsA Adi pradarzita karane meM samartha ho jAtI hai| isa dhAraNA ko nimna uddharaNa meM paripuSTa kiyA gayA hai : "tuma svayaM apane hI uttama mitra ho" (pariziSTa 3 ba, uddharaNa 6.2)

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kArmana kaNoM kA sImAMta avazoSaNa 6.2 svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 4 ba ke nihita artha uparokta avadhAraNA 4 ba kA mukhya bindu yaha hai ki sabhI prANI duHkha ke prati saMvedanazIla haiM aura koI bhI prANI mRtyu nahIM cAhatA (pariziSTa 3 ba, uddharaNa 6.3) / yaha bAta sUkSma jIvANuoM yA nigodiyA jIvoM para bhI lAgU hotI hai| tathApi, yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki jIvana kI dhurI (citra 3.1) para sthita kisI bhI prANI ko AhArAdi ke rUpa meM grahaNa karanA, anivArya rUpa se hiMsA ko samAhita karatA hai| phalataH Adarza rUpa meM hameM aisA nahIM karanA caahiye| apane jIvana kI uttara-jIvitA ke liye pratyeka prANI AhAra grahaNa karatA hai aura, isa prakAra vaha kucha jIvana kI ikAiyoM kA upabhoga karatA hai| lekina isakA uddezya yaha hai ki hama jIvana-ikAiyoM kI nyUnatama saMbhAvita saMkhyA kA upabhoga kreN| AdhyAtmika vikAsa jitanA hI kama hogA, usameM jIvana-ikAiyoM kI saMkhyA utanI hI kama hogii| sAmAnyataH citra 3.1 ke anusAra, vanaspati yA pAdapa jagata kI jIvana-ikAiyoM kA mAna 10 hai| isa koTi kI jIvana ikAiyoM kA upabhoga saMtoSajanaka mAnA jAtA hai| tathApi, yahAM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki uccataH sAMdrita sUkSma jIvANuoM kA, jahAM taka bana sake upabhoga nahIM karanA cAhiye kyoMki unameM jIvana-ikAiyoM kA mAna, pAdapoM kI tulanA meM dasa gunA adhika arthAt 102 hotA hai| isa AdhAra para na kevala zahada aura zarAba hamAre upabhoga kI sImA se bAhara ho jAte haiM, apitu mRta jIvoM kA mAMsa bhI chUTa jAtA hai kyoMki isameM asaMkhya sUkSma jIvANuoM kI utpatti hotI rahatI hai|' isa upabhoga meM kucha paudhoM ke Utaka bhI chUTa jAte haiM jahAM sUkSma jIvANu utpanna hote rahate haiM (aMjIra aura TamATara isa koTi ke pratIkAtmaka udAharaNa haiN)| vAstava meM to, pyAja Adi kA sevana bhI nahIM karanA cAhiye, kyoMki unakI jIvana-ikAiyoM kA mAna bhI 10-2 hai| ye udAharaNa 'zarIra ke AdhAra para hiMsA ke alpIkaraNa prakriyA ke pratinidhi haiN| bhAvAtmaka kriyAoM ke kAraNa arjita karma-pudgala prANI ko kevala kucha samaya ke liye hI prabhAvita karate haiN| ye samaya kI sImA-kriyA kI prakRti, kaSAya kI koTi aura uddezya Adi para nirbhara karatI haiN| vAstava meM to, mithyAtva ke kAraNa kI gaI hiMsA ke sImAMta rUpoM kA prabhAva yugoM-yugoM taka banA rahatA hai| isake viparyAsa meM kisI bhI kaSAya ke prabhAva meM kI gaI hiMsA kI kriyA ke prabhAva kI samaya-sImA isase kAphI kama hotI hai| tathApi, kevala eka-iMdriya ke jIvana ke nAza meM naSTa hone vAle karma-pudgaloM kI samaya-sImA paryApta sImita hai|

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64 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kI sthiti meM kArmika viyojana yA nirjarA kA nyUnatama samaya paramparAgata rUpa se kramazaH 2 mAha, 1 mAha, 15 dina aura eka antarmuhUrta ( < 48 minaTa) mAnA jAtA hai (glejanapa, 1942) / udAharaNArtha, saMbhavataH, lobha ke kAraNa prerita ahiMsA kI kriyA itanA viyojana-samaya letI hai| tathApi, karmoM kA adhikatama viyojana-samaya cAroM kaSAyoM kI durbalatA para bhI nirbhara kregaa| vAstava meM, ayoga (yA sthitika) dazA meM karma-pudagala avazoSita hI nahIM hote, ata: kevala baMdhe hue karma-pudgala hI nirjharita hote haiN| sakArAtmaka ahiMsA ke pAlana ke liye kisI bhI bhautika, mAnasika yA vAcika kriyA meM pUrNa sAvadhAnI Avazyaka hai| mahAvIra ne apane pramukha gaNadhara gautama ko diye gaye pravacanoM meM ise vyakta kiyA hai (dekhiyeM, pariziSTa 3 ba, uddharaNa 6.4) : "eka samaya yA kSaNa ke liye bhI pramAda mata kro|" ahiMsA ke pAlana ke lie cAra vyAvahArika ghaTaka batAye gaye haiM : 1. maitrI 2. karuNA 3. pramoda 4. mAdhyastha vRttiH eka anya uddharaNa (pariziSTa 3 ba, uddharaNa 6.5); meM ina aMgoM kA artha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai : 1. sabhI prANiyoM ke prati maitrI kI bhAvanA kA vikAsa 2. duHkhI prANiyoM ke prati karuNAbhAva kA vikAsa 3. puNya kArya karane vAle prANiyoM ke prati harSa-bhAva kA vikAsa 4. viparIta mArga apanAne vAloM ke prati samatAbhAva kA vikAsa ___ gurudeva citrabhAnu ne ina vicAroM ko "maitrI bhAvana' nAmaka preraka kavitA ke rUpa meM vyakta kiyA hai jo aba jainoM kI eka sujJAta prArthanA bana gaI hai| (udAharaNArtha, dekhiye, maraDiyA, 1992) / (zrI jugala kizora mukhtAra kI lokapriya 'merI bhAvanA bhI inhIM vicAroM kA sAra haiM (1981) / isakA aneka bhASAoM meM anuvAda bhI ho cukA hai|) isakI anurUpatA ke liye ahiMsA ko hama apane lakSya kI prApti ke liye kisI moTara ke (jisakA sAmarthya ucca hotA hai) paricAlana ke samAna mAna sakate haiN| isake liye kevala yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki 1. moTara ko hama kaise paricAlita karate haiM yA 2. moTara ko kisa mArga para calAyA jAtA hai

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kArmana kaNoM kA sImAMta avazoSaNa lekina isa prakriyA meM pratyeka samaya para sAvadhAnI baratane kI bAta pramukhatA se mahattvapUrNa hai| hama isa anurUpatA ke viSaya meM adhyAya 8 meM aura bhI vivecanA kreNge| citra 6.2 meM una vividha paristhitiyoM ko pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| jinameM hama mana, vacana aura kAya se hiMsA aura ahiMsA kI abhivyakti karate haiN| yahAM yaha dhyAna dIjiye ki yahAM citra 6.2 ( a ) hatyA ko nirUpita karatA hai, citra 6.2 (ba) karuNA ko citra 6.2 ( sa ) carama vAcAlatA ko aura citra 6.2 (da) maitrI ko abhivyakta karatA hai| citra 6.2 (ya) meM vyakti kisI zatru ke sAtha lar3ane kI soca rahA hai aura citra 6.2 ( 2 ) meM vyakti kisI ko (udAharaNArtha, zarAbI ko ) samatAbhAva pUrvaka sahAyatA karane kI bAta soca rahA hai| 6.3 hiMsA kA bhAva-pakSa pUrva - vivecana meM hamane isa bAta kA ullekha kiyA hai ki hamAre vicAra aura kArya hamAre sAtha saMlagita hone vAle puNya yA pApa karmoM ke nirmANa meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAte haiM / phalataH, hameM aisI kriyAyeM nahIM karanI cAhiye jinameM 'pUrva-vicArita ( saMkalpita yA saMkalpI) hiMsA samAhita ho / isake viparyAsa meM, hameM aisI kriyAoM para bhI dhyAna denA cAhiye jo 'AraMbhI yA udyogI hiMsA (gharelU yA AjIvikA saMbaMdhI hiMsA) kA rUpa letI haiN| isa AdhAra para jaTila zalyakriyA ke samaya rogI kI mRtyu ho jAne para bhI DAkTara ko, hatyAre kI tulanA meM bahuta kama karma-bandha hotA hai| isake atirikta, DAkTara kevala laghu yA puNyamaya karma- pudgaloM ko hI saMcita karatA hai (yadi vaha ayogya na ho), jabaki hatyArA sadaiva sarvAdhika pApa karmoM kA bandha karatA haiN| khetI karane vAlA kisAna khetI karate samaya kevala anicchA se hI miTTI meM vidyamAna (sUkSma yA sthUla) kIr3oM ko mAratA hai, lekina vaha maMda pApa karma ke pudgaloM ko hI arjita karatA hai / tathApi, kITamAra aura mAraka kITamAra padArthoM se khetI meM ananta jIvoM kI hatyA hotI hai / phalataH sAmAnya rUpa se, ahiMsA kI dhAraNA hameM una vyavasAyoM taka sImita kara detI haiM jinameM 10 jIvana ikAiyoM se Upara ke jIvoM kI saMkalpita hiMsA samAhita na ho| sImAMta yA carama dazAoM meM AtmarakSA taka ke liye kI jAne vAlI hiMsA (rakSaka yA virodhI hiMsA) bhI pApa karmoM ko hI arjita karAtI hai| isa prakAra, hiMsA ke cAra rUpa hote hai : 1. ArambhI, 2. udyogI (vyavasAya), 3. rakSaka aura virodhI, aura 4. saMkalpI / inameM saMkalpI hiMsA sarvAdhika pApa-karma arjita karAtI hai| adhikAMza vyaktiyoM ke liye isa prakAra ke kaThora hisaMka vyavahAroM kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| isa sambandha meM mahAtmA gAMdhI dvArA rAyacaMdra bhAI ko likhA gayA prasiddha patra aura usakA -2 - 65

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66 & htt (sa) (ya) jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA (37) (ba) citra 6.2 zarIra [(a), (ba)], vacana [ ( sa ), ( da ) ], aura mana [ (ya), (2)], ke dvArA kramazaH hone vAlI hiMsA aura tadanurUpa sakArAtmaka ahiMsA ko pradarzita karane vAlI dazAyeM / (ra)

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kArmana kaNoM kA sImAMta avazoSaNa uttara ahiMsA kI bhAvanA para acchA prakAza DAlatA hai ( dekhiyeM, maraDiyA, 1992 peja, 13-14 ) / phira bhI, hamArA lakSya yaha honA cAhiye ki hama do iMdriya yA usase uccatara iMdriyoM vAle jIvoM kI na to svayaM hiMsA kareM aura na dUsaroM ko karane ke liye prerita kareM / 6.4 jaina vizvIya kAla - cakra (JTC) yA vyavahAra kAla-cakra jainoM kA yaha vizvAsa hai ki yaha vizva sAnta yA sImita hai aura isameM vividha prakAra kA jIvana, yahAM taka ki manuSya jIvana bhI pAyA jAtA hai| isameM aneka jagata hote haiM jinase (tIna adholoka, madhyaloka tathA Urdhvaloka evaM cAra- naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya tathA devaloka hote haiM) pratyeka adhiSThita jagata meM cakroM kI ananta zreNiyAM calatI rahatI haiN| inameM AdhI utsarpiNI (pragatimAna) aura AdhI avasarpiNI (avanatimAna) zreNiyAM hotI haiN| lekina ina zreNiyoM ke rUpa bhinna-bhinna hote haiM jinake kAraNa jagata meM kahIM na kahIM (yadi bharata kSetra meM nahIM, to videha kSetra meM) eka jIvita tIrthaMkara avazya hotA hai| inameM se pratyeka ardhacakra chaha-chaha kAla khaMDoM (Are) meM vibhAjita hote haiN| yahAM hama sukha ko 'su' (yA h-happy) aura duHkha ko 'du' ( yA m-misery) ke saMketoM se vyakta kareMgeM / avanatimAna ardha kAla-cakra ke liye nimna kramavartI kAla-khaMDa hote haiM : 1. suSamA - suSamA yA ati - AnaMdakAla, sususu yA hhh 2. suSamA yA AnaMdakAla, susu yA hh 3. suSamA - duSamA (duHkha kI apekSA AnaMda adhika) susudu yA hhm 4. duSamA - suSamA ( AnaMda kI apekSA adhika duHkha) sududu yA hmm 5. duSamA ( duHkha) dudu yA mm 6. duSamA - duSamA ( ati - duHkhakAla), dududu, yA mmm isa ardha avanatimAna chaha kAla-khaNDoM ke bAda pragatimAna chaha kAla-khaNDa Ate haiM jinake kramavartI nAma nimna haiM: 7. duSamA - duSamA (ati - duHkhakAla), dududu, mmm 8. duSamA (duHkha) dudu, mm 9. duSamA - suSamA ( AnaMda kI apekSA adhika duHkha) sududu, hmm 10. suSamA - duSamA (duHkha kI apekSA adhika sukha), susudu, hhm 11. suSamA (sukha), susu yA hh 12. suSamA - suSamA (ati-sukha), sususu, hhh 67

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68 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA yahAM yaha dhyAna dIjiye ki kAlakhaNDa 1 aura 12 tathA kAlakhaNDa 2 aura 11 Adi samAna haiN| ina kAla-cakroM ko citra 6.3 meM pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| aura vahAM pratyeka kAla-khaNDa meM sukha aura duHkha ke kSetra batAye gaye haiM jo uparokta dhAraNAoM kA nidarzana karate haiM / isa prakAra, eka pUrNacakra meM 12 kAla-khaNDa hote haiM jo nimna haiM: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 sususu susu susudu sududu dudu dududu dududu dudu sududu susudu hama isa pUre kAla-cakra ko eka jaina kAla cakra, ( JTC) kahate haiM / isa sambandha meM nimna biduoM para dhyAna dIjiye : tIrthaMkaroM kI punarutpatti h h hh 11 12 1 10 765 h 2 h h avanatimAna ardhacakra h h pragatimAna | 21000 varSa ardhacakra kA prAraMbha 4- dIrghatama kAlakhaMDa h h *21000 varSa 11 12 susu sususu / | sabhI caubIsa tIrthakaroM kA janma citra 6.3 jaina vizva meM pravAhamAna eka pUrNa kAla-cakra (ghar3I kI dizA meM) aura sukha - duHkha ke stara ko pradarzita karanevAlA rekhAcitra ( chAyita kSetra meM h. (sukha), m. ( duHkha ) ) | yahAM bhagna cApa (arc) dIrgha kAla ko vyakta karatA hai| avanatimAna ardha kAla-cakra biMdu P se prAraMbha hotA hai / mahAvIra * jambU : aMtima mukta (463 I.pU.) 2000 I.

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kArmana kaNoM kA sImAMta avazoSaNa 69 1. citra 6.3 meM samaya ghar3I ke kAMToM kI dizA meM pravAhamAna hotA hai| 2. pratyeka kAla-khaNDa kI sthiti paryApta vRhat hotI haiN| isakA laghutara yUniTa sAgaropama kahalAtA hai jo 5x10" jaina kAla cakra (JTC) ke barAbara hai| sAmAnyataH, sAgaropama eka koDAkoDI palyopama P ke barAbara hotA hai evaM palyopama ke mAna lagabhaga 4.13 x 1036-45 ke bIca parivartI hote haiM (dekhiye, jaina, 1996 peja 290) / phalataH, 1 sAgaropama: 10% P 4.13 x 1051-60 varSa ata: yaha samaya kI eka dIrgha ikAI hai| hamane yahAM isakA saMkSipta mAna hI diyA hai| isa yUniTa meM hI, jaisA ki hamane pahale batAyA hai, vibhinna karma-ghaTakoM kI sthiti bhI mApI jAtI hai| 3. aisA vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki kAla khaNDoM 5, 6, 7, evaM 8 meM pratyeka kI sthiti 21000 varSa hai| isake viparyAsa meM, anya khaMDoM kI sthiti kA mAna vRhattara hotA hai, para vaha ananta nahIM hotA hai| isaliye inheM bhagna rekhAoM dvArA pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| 4. pragatimAna kAla-khaNDo meM prANiyoM ke zarIra, sAmarthya evaM AdhyAtmika pragati niraMtara vardhamAna hote haiN| isake viparyAsa meM, avanatimAna kAlakhaNDo meM ye sabhI guNa kramazaH hIyamAna, hrAsamAna yA ghaTate jAte haiN| ye kAlakhaNDa aura ardha kAla-cakra eka-dUsare kA anusaraNa karate hue avirata rUpa se evaM eka samAna rIti se calate rahate haiN| asaMkhyAta kAlacakroM ke madhya kabhI-kabhI eka huMDAvasarpiNI (acarajakArI ghaTanAoM vAlA) kAlacakra bhI pravAhita hotA hai| isa samaya hama loga 2001 meM isI avanatimAna kAlacakra ke pAMcave khaMDa ke 2597 veM varSa meM cala rahe haiN| aisA vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki kisI bhI vyakti ke tIrthaMkara/pUrNa jJAnI/sarvajJa banane kI saMbhAvanA kevala 3, 4 evaM 9, 10 veM kAla-khaNDo meM hI ho sakatI hai| vartamAna avanatimAna ardha kAla-cakra ke caubIsa tIrthaMkara tIsare (susudu) evaM cauthe (sududu) kAlakhaNDa meM hI hue the| sukha aura duHkha ke ye AnupAtika saMyoga Atma-sAkSAtkAra ke mArga ke liye Avazyaka hai aura paryApta haiN| isa samaya (2001 meM) hama loga 21000 varSa ke pAMcaveM khaMDa ke 2597 veM varSa meM raha rahe hai| phalataH isa pRthvI para nayI tIrthekara zrRMkhalA ke janma ke liye bahuta samaya lgegaa| tathApi, AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke uccatara caraNa meM pahuMce huye vyakti jagata ke dUsare bhAgoM meM vidyamAna tIrthaMkaroM se samparka kara sakate haiM, kyoMki vizva ke kisI na kisI bhAga meM kama se kama eka tIrthaMkara sadaiva rahate haiN|'

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jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA jambU svAmI mahAvIra ke gaNadhara sudharmA svAmI ke ziSya the (dekhiye, pariziSTa 2) / aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki vartamAna kAla-khaNDa meM ve aMtima vyakti the jo sarvajJa hue aura saMbhavata: 463 I. pU. meM mokSa (karma-mukti) gye| 'kalpasUtra' nAmaka pavitra graMtha kI gAthA 146 ke anusAra, unake bAda bharata kSetra meM na koI sarvajJa hogA aura na hI mokSapada prApta kregaa| jekobI (1884, peja 269) ne isa gAthA ko katipaya pratyakSa kAraNoM se 'aMdhakAramaya' nirUpita kiyA hai| 6.5 pAribhASika zabdAvalI I hiMsA : Violence : mana, vacana, kAya se svayaM ko yA anya ko kaSTa pahu~cAnA ahiMsA : Non-Violence : Pre-medidated Violence : hiMsA kA viparyaya, sneha, prIti, : icchApUrvaka/pUrva vicArita hiMsA saMkalpI hiMsA AraMbhajA/ udyogI hiMsA : Domestic/ Occupational Violence : gRhasthI ke sAmAnya kAryoM meM tathA AjIvikA ke kAryoM meM honevAlI hiMsA virodhI hiMsA/ Atma- rakSArtha hiMsA : Defencesive Violence : ApAtakAla/yuddha ke samaya svayaM yA deza kI rakSA ke liye kI jAne vAlI hiMsA kAla-cakra utsarpiNI ardha : Progressive kAla-cakra half-cycle : pragatimAna ardha kAla-cakra avasarpiNI ardha : Regrassive kAla-cakra half-cycle : avanatimAna ardha kAla-cakra suSamA : Happy : sukhayukta kAla-cakra duSamA :Missary/ unhappy : duHkhayukta kAla-cakra

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kArmana kaNoM kA sImAMta avazoSaNa TippaNiyAM 1. pI. esa. jainI, peja 169 - mRta prANiyoM kA mAMsa bhI asaMkhya sUkSma jIvANuoM ke janma meM sahAyaka hotA hai aura isaliye ise AhAra Adi ke kAma meM nahIM hI lenA cAhiye / 2. pI. esa. jainI, peja 168 jahAM kiNvana yA madhuratA rahatI hai, vahAM nigoda ke samAna sUkSma jIvANu, anivArya rUpa se rahate haiN| isaliye zarAba yA zahada ke upayoga se isa koTi ke lAkhoM mUka prANiyoM kA asAmayika evaM krUra anta hotA hai| kucha paudhoM ke Utaka vizeSataH mIThe, gUdedAra aura bahu-bIjaka koTi ke phala bhI nigodoM ke janma ke liye sahAyaka hote haiN| isa koTi ke paudhoM ko sAdhAraNa vanaspati kahate haiM (arthAt ve vanaspati jinakA zarIra saha-bhAgI hotA hai)| aMjIra ke samAna uduMbara koTi ke phaloM ke tyAga ko mUlaguNoM ke rUpa meM rakhane kA uddezya samasta prakAra ke nigoda-yukta vanaspatiyoM yA phaloM ke tyAga kA pratIka pratIta hotA hai / 3. pI. esa. jainI; peja 171 udAharaNArtha, eka hatyArA pahale se hI apane zikAra ko mArane kI bAta socatA hai| isaliye vaha saMkalpI hiMsA karatA hai| isake viparIta, DAkTara jaTila zalya kriyAoM meM rogI ko pIr3A yA yahAM taka ki mRtyu ke mukha meM bhI pahucAte haiM, lekina ve kevala AraMbhajA ( yA udyogI ?) hiMsA (jo bahuta gaMbhIra nahIM mAnI jAtI) ke hI doSI mAne jAte haiM / 4. pI. esa. jainI; peja 32 pratyeka samaya vizva ke kisI na kisI bhAga meM kahIM na kahIM eka jIvita tIrthakara avazya hotA hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki mukti kA mArga pratyeka samaya khulA rahatA hai| isake liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki yadi manuSya apanI mukti ke tAtkAlika avasara kA AkAMkSI hai, to use kisI na kisI videha kSetra meM utpanna honA Avazyaka hai| 71

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adhyAya 7 Atma-vijaya kA mArga (svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 4 sa) svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 4 sa tapa kA abhyAsa na kevala naye kArmana kaNoM yA karma-pudgaloM ke Asrava ke liye kArmika-surakSA kavaca banAtA hai, apitu yaha pUrvArjita karma-pudgaloM kI nirjaraNa prakriyA meM bhI yogadAna karatA hai| 7.1 svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 4 sa pUrva-varNita svataHsiddha avadhAraNAoM - 4 a, evaM 4 ba se hameM yaha jJAta hai ki kArmana-kaNa AtmA meM kaise Asravita hote haiN| phira bhI, adhyAya 6 se yaha spaSTa hai ki AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke do pramukha uddezya haiM : 1. karma-kavaca (saMvara) ke dvArA naye kArmana-kaNoM ke Asrava ko rokanA tathA 2. pUrva-arjita karma-pudgaloM kA pUrNataH niHsaraNa yA nirjhrnn| yadi ye uddezya pUrNa hote haiM, to AtmA apanI zuddha avasthA ko prApta karegA aura usake sabhI cAroM koTiyoM- anaMta vIrya, anaMta sukha, anaMta jJAna aura anaMta darzana- ke sAmarthya abhivyakta hogeN| ina koTiyoM kA vivaraNa adhyAya 2 meM diyA gayA hai| aisA vizvAsa kiyA jAtA haiM ki AtmA kA pUrNa sAmarthya kevala tabhI vyakta ho sakatA hai jaba mana, vacana aura kAya kI bhAvAtmaka kriyAoM ke anurUpa hone vAle karma-pudagaloM ke baMdha aura prabhAva ko pUrNataH dUra kara diyA jaay| jaisA ki hamane pUrva ke varNana meM dekhA hai ki uparokta sabhI kriyAyeM bAhya haiM jo karma-kSetra meM avirata-rUpa se, nyUklIya abhikArakoM meM hone vAlI kriyAoM ke samAna, aMtaraMga kriyAoM aura pratikriyAoM ko janma detI rahatI haiN| isake sAtha hI, AtmA ke sAtha eka saMgaNitra (kArmika kaMpyUTara) bhI saMlagnita hotA hai jo ina kriyA-pratikriyAoM kA tatkAlIna abhilekha rakhatA hai aura ucita samaya para unake saMbaMdha meM nirdeza bhI detA rahatA hai| aba yahAM prazna yaha hai ki 1. prANI karma-pudagaloM ko kaise viyojita yA nirjarita kara sakatA hai, aura 2. naye karma-baMdha ko kaise saMvarita kara sakatA hai yA roka sakatA hai ? tArkika rUpa se, mAnava kI apane nimna stara ke svabhAva kI dAsatA usake sAtha baMdhe hue karma-pudgaloM kA prabhAva hI mAnanA cAhiye kyoMki yaha dAsatA hI AtmA ke pUrNa sAmarthya kI abhivyakti ko avaruddha karatI hai| vyaktigata karmoM ke Asrava va baMdha ko rokane ke liye kevala tapasyA yA saMyama

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Atma-vijaya kA mArga ke kucha rUpa hI samartha haiN| isakA artha yaha hai ki tapasyA (yA saMyama) hI kevala aisA mArga hai jisase prANI apanI bhautika prakRti evaM manovRtti ke dabAva kSetra se bAhara jAkara aMtaHzodhana kI ora bar3ha sakatA haiN| ye bAhya pravRttiyAM karma kSetra ke avirata prabhAva meM rahatI haiN| (dekhiye, citra 7.1) / sAtha hI, yaha avadhAraNA 4 sa yaha bhI nirdiSTa karatI hai ki tapasyA pUrvokta avadhAraNA 4 a meM varNita karma-baMdha ke pAMca prakAra ke kArakoM - mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga - ko nirAkRta karatI hai| tapasyA citra 7.1 tapasyA ke kAraNa karma-bala kavaca (cakra) aura karma- nirjharaNa, (alpa vikarNI rekhAyeM) tapasyA yA saMyama ke dvArA baMdha ke kArakoM kA kramika vilopana caudaha guNasthAnoM (Atma-zuddhi ke caudaha caraNoM) ke rUpa meM nidarzita kiyA gayA hai| inakA vivaraNa Age diyA gayA hai| hameM 'tapasyAoM' ko vyApaka saMdarbha meM samajhanA caahiye| ye atyaMta sAvadhAnI ke sAtha iMdriyoM para niyaMtraNa kI pratIka haiM aura sakArAtmaka aMhisA ko purobhAga meM rakhatI haiM arthAt "apanI kSamatA ke anusAra kArya karo" (pariziSTa 3 ba utaraNa 7.1) / isakA artha yaha hai ki vyakti ko apanI kSamatA kI sImA se pare tapasyAoM kA abhyAsa nahIM karanA cAhiye jisase svayaM ko kaSTa ho| ise svapIDana-rati ke rUpa meM samajhane kI bhrAMti nahIM pAlanI caahiyeN| 7.2 Atma-zodhana kI dhurI aura Atma-zodhana ke caraNa : guNasthAna hamane adhyAya 3 meM jIvana kI dhurI kA paricaya pahale hI de diyA hai| aba hama isa dhurI ke uccatara khaMDa para vicAra karegeM jo mAnava prANiyoM se sambandhita hai| ye mAnava-prANI jIvana ke anya rUpoM se AdhyAtmikataH uccatara koTi meM Ate haiN| citra 7.2 meM aise manuSyoM kI una jIvana koTiyoM ko darzAyA gayA hai jinake jIvana-ikAI ke mAna nimnatara ke mAnoM se uccatara mAnoM taka parivartI hote haiM (arthAt 10' se lekara 10deg taka, dekhiye citra 3.1 va 3.2) arthAt jinameM karma-pudgaloM kA ghanatva uccatama se lekara nyUnatama mAna taka, parivartI hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki hamane citra 3.1 kI jIvana-dhurI ke UparI bhAga ko citra 7.2 meM

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74 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA vistArita kiyA hai| isa vistAra ko AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI sIr3hI kahA jAtA hai, jise pratyeka vyakti ko, jaise-jaise vaha uccatama kArmika ghanatva se nimnatama kArmika ghanatva kI ora jAne ke liye prayAsa karatA hai, aura aMta meM mokSa prApta karatA haiM, avazya car3hanI hogii| isa sIr3hI meM caudaha caraNa hote haiM jo AdhyAtmika zuddhikaraNa ke caraNa haiN| hama ina caraNoM ko caudaha zuddhikaraNa caraNa yA guNasthAna kheNge| isa sIr3hI ke caraNa jitane hI uccatara hoge, AdhyAtmika zuddhikaraNa yA jainatva kI koTi bhI utanI hI uccatara hogI aura karma-pudgagaloM kA ghanatva utanA hI kama hogA, arthAt guNasthAnoM kI saMkhyA, AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke anupAta meM hotI hai : guNasthAna kI saMkhyA AdhyAtmika vikAsa aura, AdhyAtmika vikAsa 1/kArmika ghanatva aura, kArmika ghanatva - pApakarma citra 7.2 meM zuddhikaraNa kI dhurI para ina guNasthAnoM ke nAma diye gaye haiN| isa dhurI kA prathama biMdu AdhyAtmika zuddhikaraNa kA prathama caraNa hai jisa -aus / / / / ayoga kevalI avasthA sayoga kevalI avasthA kSINa moha yA kSINa lobha (pUrNa saMyama ke sAtha) upazAMta moha/ lobha (pUrNa saMyama ke sAtha) sUkSma samparAya/ lobha (pUrNa saMyama ke sAtha) anivRttikaraNa (pUrNa saMyama ke sAtha) apUrvakaraNa (pUrNa saMyama ke sAtha) apramattavirata pramattavirata (samyaktva ke sAtha) dezavirata (samyaktva ke sAtha) avirata samyak-dRSTi mizra, samyak-mithyAtva 2 - sAsAdana sabhyaka-dRSTi - mithyAtva/mithyAdarzana zuddhikaraNa ke caraNa citra 7.2 caudaha caraNoM ke sAtha zuddhikaraNa kI dhurI / / / -NWAU O voo co

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Atma-vijaya kA mArga 75 para prArambha meM sabhI prANI hote haiN| isa caraNa para sabhI prANiyoM aura manuSyoM meM bhI karma-pudgaloM kA ghanatva uccatama hotA haiN| yaha ghanatva uccatara caraNoM para jAte-jAte kama hotA jAtA hai aura caudahaveM caraNa para zUnya ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra, isa sthiti ke viparyAsa yA vyutkrama meM, hama yaha mAna sakate haiM ki zuddhikaraNa dhurI kArmika ghanatva kI dhurI ke samAna hai jisame caudaha biMdu hote haiM aura yaha dhurI avirata banI rahatI hai (yaha dhurI zuddhikaraNa-dhurI se viparIta dizA meM hogii)| __kArmika viyojana kI gatizIla prakriyA ko samajhane ke liye yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki jaise-jaise karmoM kI nirjarA (yA viyojana) hotI hai, sazarIrI AtmA kI Antarika zakti vardhamAna hotI hai jo AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI gati kI uttarottara vRddhi meM sahAyaka hotI hai| isa sthiti meM yaha bhI mAnA jAtA hai ki Age bar3hane para karmoM kA Asrava avaruddha ho jAtA hai aura isase AtmA ke vIrya aura jJAna ke ghaTakoM kA AvaraNa mukta hotA hai jisase AtmA apane svarUpa ke anveSaNa meM saMlagna hotI hai| isa dizA meM eka anya dhyAna dene yogya bAta yaha hai ki karma-pudgaloM kA prabhAva sarvaprathama to pUrNataH vilopita hone ke badale kevala prAyaH damita hotA hai| isake sAtha hI, uttarottara caraNoM meM karmoM kA baMdha paryApta sImita hotA jAtA hai aura purAne karmoM kI mAtrA (viyojana ke kAraNa) kama hotI jAtI hai| yahI nahIM, prAyaH sabhI uttaravartI caraNoM meM cAroM kaSAyoM - krodha, mAna, mAyA evaM lobha kI koTi kramazaH durbala hotI jAtI hai| ina cAroM kaSAyoM kI pAMca koTiyoM ko adhyAya 5 meM vivecita kiyA jA cukA hai| lekina hamArA samagra uddezya yaha hai ki hama svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 4 a meM diye gaye karma-baMdha ke pAMcoM kArakoM ko jar3a se unmUlita kreN| 7.3 pahale cAra caraNa : pahale cAra guNasthAna citra 7.2 meM diye gaye pahale cAra guNasthAna kramazaH nimna haiM : 1. mithyA darzana (vastu tattva ke viSaya meM viparIta yA bhrAMta dRSTikoNa) 2. sAsAdana (vastu-tattva ke viSaya meM aspaSTa abhrAMta dRSTikoNa) 3. mizra/samyaka-mithyAtva (bhrAMta evaM abhrAMta dRSTikoNoM kA mizraNa) 4. avirata-samyak-dRSTi (asaMyata evaM prabuddha dRSTikoNa) 7.3.1 prathama cAra caraNoM kI paribhASA aura AMtarika gati uparokta sIr3hI (citra 7.2) kA pahalA caraNa sabhI jIvoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| yaha caraNa vastutattva ke viSaya meM bhrAMta yA mithyA dRSTikoNa yA mithyA darzana kahalAtA hai| prArambha meM, pratyeka jIva pUrNa ajJAna ke isa caraNa meM hotA hai arthAt isa caraNa meM usake cAroM kaSAyoM kI koTi adhikatama yA

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76 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA uccatama rahatI hai| lekina, svataHsiddha avadhAraNA prathama ke anusAra, pratyeka AtmA karma-baMdha ke kAraNa Avarita apane cAroM ghaTakoM ko mukta karAnA cAhatA hai| yaha prakriyA do prakAra se Arambha kI jA sakatI hai : 1. AMtarika anubhUti : jaise pUrva janmoM kA smaraNa 2. bAhya anubhUti : jaise jaina upadezoM kA sunanA' prathama caraNa se agale do caraNoM (dUsare aura tIsare guNasthAna) se pAra hote samaya evaM cauthe caraNa kI ora bar3hate samaya eka camaka prakaTa hotI hai| yaha cauthA caraNa avirata-samyaka-dRSTi kA hai| isa caraNa meM jIvana aura Atma-tatva kI prakRti pUrNataH udghATita hotI haiM arthAt samyak-darzana prApta hotA hai| samyaka-darzana kI yaha prathama anubhUti kucha hI kSaNa rahatI hai aura yaha darzana mohanIya-karma ke kSaya se nahIM, apitu upazamana se udaya se AtI hai| yaha upazamita ghaTaka zIghra hI anupazamita ho jAtA hai aura punaH apanA prabhAva pradarzita karatA hai| phalataH, AtmA punaH samasta karma-baMdha ke kArakoMmithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya, evaM yoga ke prabala pracAlana ke sAtha punaH mithyAtva guNasthAna meM pratyAvartita ho jAtA hai| tathApi, isa avapatana ke samaya, AtmA kucha samaya ke liye tIsare zuddhikaraNa-caraNa se pAra hotA hai jahAM sthUla kaSAyeM to upazamita avasthA meM rahatI haiM lekina vahAM samyaktva/samyak-darzana/prabuddha dRSTikoNa nahIM rhtaa| isa caraNa ko prabuddha evaM bhrAMta dRSTikoNa ke mizraNa (samyaka-mithyAtva) kA caraNa kahate haiN| isakA pUrvavartI caraNa dvitIya caraNa-sAsAdana guNasthAna hai| yaha aspaSTa abhrAMta yA aprabuddha dRSTikoNa hai| yahAM kaSAyoM kI cauthI koTi dRr3hatApUrvaka apanA prabhAva pradarzita karatI hai aura tatkAla hI AtmA ko punaH prathama caraNa meM avapatita kara detI hai| cauthe caraNa ke isa pahale saMkramaNa meM, darzana mohanIya-karma kA kevala upazama hI hotA hai, lekina isake uttaravartI saMkramaNa kI sthiti adhika hotI hai aura isameM isa ghaTaka kA AMzika vilopana bhI hotA hai| isa prakAra ke AMzika upazamana evaM vilopanakArI aneka saMkramaNoM ke bAda, AtmA caturtha caraNa meM dRDhatA se sthira ho jAtA hai aura vaha pAMcaveM aura Age ke caraNoM kI ora bar3hane lagatA hai jaisA ki Age batAyA gayA hai| sAraNI 7.1 meM ina cAroM caraNoM kA saMkSepaNa diyA gayA haiM : . .

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Atma-vijaya kA mArga 77 sAraNI 7.1 prathama cAra guNasthAnoM kI sUcI evaM unakA (bhAvAtmaka) stara caraNa nAma stara mizra mithyAtva (bhrAMta dRSTikoNa) bhrAMta yA mithyAtva kI dazA sAsAdana aspaSTa dRSTikoNa bhrAMta. tathA abhrAMta dRSTikoNa avirata samyaka-dRSTi asaMyata dRSTikoNa, zuddhikaraNa kI ora prathama caraNa 7.3.2. caturtha guNasthAna kA caraNa aura dRzya saMketa - cauthe guNasthAna meM bhrAMta dRSTikoNa dUra ho jAtA hai aura samatA kA bhAva prakaTa hotA hai| isa prakAra kI zuddhi ke kAraNa hI isa caraNa meM satya dRSTi (samyaktva) kI camaka prakaTa hotI hai| isa caraNa meM cAroM kaSAyoM kI cauthI koTi ke apanayana se AtmA ke vIrya evaM jJAna ghaTakoM kI vRddhi hotI hai jisase vaha samyaka-jJAna ke anveSaNa kI ora pahale kI apekSA adhika prabalatA se saMlagna hotA hai| isake sAtha hI, isa caraNa meM : 1. apane zarIra taka ko nirmita karane vAle karma-pudagaloM kI abhivyakti yA unake udaya ko kama mahattva milane lagatA hai| 2. cAra kaSAyoM ke kAraNa utpanna manovaijJAnika dazAoM kA mahattva kama hone lagatA hai| 3. vyaktigata parigrahoM kA mahattva bhI kama hone lagatA hai jinheM vaha apanI pahacAna mAnatA thaa| isake phalasvarUpa AtmA zAMta dazA ko prApta karatA hai| dRSTikoNa aura antarAtmA caturtha guNasthAna meM AtmA kI zAMtadazA se "maiM kauna hUM" ke samAna praznoM ke samAdhAna ke liye preraNA milatI hai| yaha dRSTikoNa AtmA ke (aMtara) darzana ghaTaka ko vIrya ghaTaka ke prabhAva se aura bhI balavAna banAtA hai jisakA anubhava isake pahale kabhI nahIM huA thaa| isa dazA meM aura karma-pudgala apanayita ho jAte haiN| isa dazA meM sthira samyaktva kI prApti aura bhI sambhava ho jAtI hai| vyakti pUrvavartI tInoM avadhAraNAoM kI satyatA ke prati jAgarUka ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra, karma baloM ke prabhAva ko apanayita karane kA uddezya spaSTa hotA hai jisase AtmA ke vIrya ghaTaka meM aura bhI vRddhi hotI hai| isa caraNa meM samyaktva ke bAdhaka sabhI kAraka apanA prabhAva

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78 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA pradarzita nahIM kara pAte aura AtmA vastu tattva ke prati sahI evaM sthAyI dRSTikoNa kI anubhUti karane lagatA hai| cAroM kaSAyoM ke tIsarI koTi taka sImita hone se utpanna prabuddha dRSTikoNa kA aMtaraMga saMketa AMtarika parivartana kA pratIka hai| isa sthiti meM AtmA ke dhyAna kI dizA punargaThita hotI hai jisakA kendrabindu AtmA ke svarUpa ke atirikta anya kucha bhI nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra, isa sthiti meM 'maiM' ke badale 'vAstavika antarAtmA ke sAtha ekAkAratA hone lagatI hai aura usake sukha-ghaTaka kI tIvra anubhUti bhI hone lagatI hai| vyavahAra aura sakArAtmaka aMhisA' jaba AtmA svayaM meM zAMti kA anubhava karane lagatA hai, taba usakA vyavahAra bhI unnata aura zAMta hone lagatA hai| isa sthiti meM vyakti sabhI prANiyoM meM vidyamAna mUlabhUta samAnatA ke prati jAgarUka ho jAtA hai aura yaha anubhUti duHkhI prANiyoM ke prati maitrI evaM karuNA kI bhAvanA ko janma detI haiN| yaha karuNAbhAva dayA aura vyaktigata baMdhanoM se mukta hotA haiN| isa anubhUti ke kAraNa, AtmA isa tathya ko jAnane lagatA hai ki sabhI prANI mokSa ke adhikArI hote haiN| isase aba dUsare prANiyoM ko samatAbhAva ke sAtha mukti ko prApta karane meM niHsvArtha mArgadarzana kI bhAvanA utpanna hotI hai| sakArAtmaka ahiMsA vinAzaka aura zoSaka vyavahAra kI pahicAna karAtI hai| sakArAtmaka ahiMsA kA yaha pakSa svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 4 ba kA vyAvahArika upayoga hai| cAra kaSAyoM kA prabhAva cauthe caraNa ko prApta karane ke liye, tapasyA karane kI bAta spaSTataH kahIM bhI nahIM batAI gaI hai, lekina aMtarnihita rUpa se yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki tapasyA kA abhyAsa karanA cAhiye, kyoMki cauthe caraNa meM kaSAyoM kI koTi ko tIsarI koTi taka sImita karanA caahiye| yaha saMyama ke binA nahIM ho sktaa| vaise bhI, ahiMsA kA pAlana binA Atma-saMyama ke nahIM ho sktaa| isa stara para jo prathama Atma-jAgaraNa hotA hai, usase kucha kArmana-kaNoM kA apanayana hotA hai jisase vyakti saMyama yA AtmaniyaMtraNa kI madhyama koTi meM A jAtA hai arthAt, vyakti na to krodha ke Aveza meM jAtA hai, na jaTila mAyA ke prapaMca meM pha~satA hai, na aMdha abhimAnI hotA hai aura na hI lobha Adi ke Aveza meM AtA hai| isake sAtha hI, cauthe guNasthAna kI pUrNatA hone para vyakti meM adhika sahiSNutA, alpa krodha, adhika vinamratA, alpa abhimAna, adhika saralatA aura alpa chala-prapaca, adhika saMtoSa aura alpa lobha ke pratyakSa pramANa milane lagate haiN|

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Atma-vijaya kA mArga 7.4. pA~cave guNasthAna se gyArahavAM guNasthAna __ jaisA khaMDa 7.3 meM batAyA gayA hai ki jaba mithyAtva samyaktva ke rUpa meM pratisthApita hotA hai, taba vyakti cauthe guNasthAna meM aura usake Upara calA jAtA hai| pAMcave guNasthAna meM vyakti uccatara saMyama kI koTi kI ora bar3hanA prAraMbha karatA hai arthAt vaha vibhinna prakAra ke vratoM (pratijJApUrvaka svIkRta kiye gaye niyamoM) kA pAlana karatA hai jo AMzika saMyama ko janma dete haiN| chaThaveM guNasthAna meM pUrNa saMyama kA pAlana hotA hai| pAMcavAM guNasthAna sAmAnya manuSya kI jIvana-paddhati ke samakakSa hotA hai, jabaki chaThA guNasthAna sAdhu ke mArga ke anusaraNa ke anurUpa hotA hai| chaThe guNasthAna meM, arthAt pUrNa saMyama ke stara para, pUrNa niyaMtraNa aura uccatara vratoM kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai| ye vibhinna caraNa kaise prApta hote haiM, yaha adhyAya 8 meM vivecita kiyA gayA hai| sAtaveM guNasthAna meM, pramAda zUnya ho jAtA hai| isakA nihitArtha yaha hai ki yahAM krodha zUnya ho jAtA hai| isIliye isa caraNa ko 'apramatta saMyata' kahate haiN| phira bhI, yahAM cAroM kaSAyoM kA kiJcit astitva to banA hI rahatA hai| AThaveM, naveM aura dasaveM guNasthAna meM, vyakti dhyAna ke mAdhyama se mAna, mAyA aura lobha kI koTi ko zUnya karane kA prayatna karatA hai| dhyAna ke mAdhyama se vikasita AThaveM, naveM aura dasaveM guNasthAnoM ke nAma kramazaH nimna haiM : 8. apUrvakaraNa, pUrNa saMyama ke sAtha 9. anivRtti/samAna karaNa, pUrNa saMyama ke sAtha 10 sUkSma samparAya/kaSAya, pUrNa saMyama ke sAtha sAraNI 7.2 meM ina guNasthAnoM kA saMkSepaNa kiyA gayA hai| jaba ina guNasthAnoM meM cAroM kaSAyeM kSINa hone ke badale upazamita hotI haiM, to vyakti kevala gyArahaveM guNasthAna meM upazAMta kaSAya ke sAtha pUrNa saMyama para pahuMcatA hai| tathApi, yahAM lobha kI upazamita avasthA meM, vyakti ke nIce (ke guNasthAnoM) kI ora jAne kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| lekina yadi dhyAna ke prabhAva se cAroM kaSAya pUrNataH kSINa yA nirasta ho jAtI haiM aura lobha kI koTi sthAyI rUpa se zUnya ho jAtI hai, to vyakti dasaveM guNasthAna se sIdhe hI bArahaveM guNasthAna para jA pahucaMtA hai| isakA nAma haiM "kSINa (lobha) kaSAya (pUrNa saMyama ke sAtha) kI avsthaa|"

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jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA sAraNI 7.2 pA~caveM se gyArahaveM guNasthAnoM kI sUcI aura unake anurUpa bhAvAtmaka stara 80 caraNa 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. nAma prabuddha dRSTikoNa ke sAtha, dezavirata prabuddha dRSTikoNa (samyaktva ) ke sAtha, pramattavirata apramatta-vira pUrNa - saMyama ke sAtha, apUrvakaraNa pUrNa - saMyama ke sAtha, samAna-mRdu-karaNa bhAva pUrNa-saMyama ke sAtha, sUkSma - samparAya (lobha) pUrNa - saMyama ke sAtha, upazAMta kaSAya stara saccA jaina zrAvaka (jaina) sAdhu AdhyAtmika guru, upAdhyAya AdhyAtmika AcArya pragata AcArya kaSAyarahita avasthA 7.5. bArahaveM se caudahavAM guNasthAna (zuddhikaraNa ke caraNa) bArahaveM guNasthAna para pahuMcane para (mohanIya karma ke atirikta) tIna prAthamika yA ghAtiyA karma - ghaTaka (jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura aMtarAya karma) svayaM hI AtmA se viyojita ho jAte haiM jisase AtmA terahaveM guNasthAna para A jAtA hai jise anaMta jJAna yA sarvajJa kI avasthA kahate haiM / terahaveM guNasthAna kA nAma hai kriyAzIla sarvajJa yA sayogakevalI / isa guNasthAna meM kaSAyoM ke vinAza se kevala yoga kA kAraka hI AtmA kI avaziSTa kriyAoM kA niyaMtraNa karatA hai jo bhautika zarIra ke calate rahaneM meM abhI bhI Avazyaka hai / tathApi, ye kriyAyeM naye karmoM kA Asrava yA baMdha nahIM krtiiN| sAtha hI, sarvajJa jIva ke dvitIyaka kArmika ghaTaka bhI kramazaH viyojita hote jAte haiM aura aMta meM koI karma -ghaTaka baMdhita avasthA meM nahIM rhtaa| isa sthiti ke aMtima caraNa meM zarIra bhI akriya yA kriyArahita ho jAtA hai| isa avasthA ko 'akriya sarvajJatA' yA 'ayoga kevalI kA caraNa kahate haiN| yahI caudahavA~ guNasthAna guNasthAnoM kA aMtima caraNa haiM / yaha sthiti nirvANa prApti ke pUrva adhikatama aMtarmuhUrta (< 48 minaTa) taka rahatI hai| jisa kSaNa nirvANa yA mahAmRtyu hotI hai, AtmA punarjanma ke cakra se pUrNataH mukta ho jAtA hai aura mokSa prApta kara letA hai| I sAraNI 7.3 meM ina tIna uccatara guNasthAnoM kA saMkSepaNa kiyA gayA hai|

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Atma-vijaya kA mArga sAraNI 7.3: antima tIna guNasthAnoM kI sUcI aura unakA stara caraNa 12. 13. 14. nAma kSINa kaSAya yA lobha-vilopana ke sAtha pUrNa saMyama 1. kriyAzIla sarvajJa dazA / sayogakevalI akriya sarvajJatA / ayogakevalI stara yahAM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki cauthA guNasthAna avirata - samyak dRSTi hai arthAt isameM avirati ke sAtha prabuddha dRSTikoNa (samyaktva) hotA hai / 2. pAMcave guNasthAna meM aNuvratoM vAlI zrAvaka avasthA prApta hotI hai| 3. chaTheM guNasthAna meM uccatara vratoM ke stara vAlI sAdhu avasthA prApta hotI hai / tIrthaMkara mokSa kI ora 4. sAtavAM guNasthAna lagabhaga upAdhyAya kI avasthA ke samAna hotA hai| 57. AThaveM, naveM aura dasaveM guNasthAna meM saMgha ke nAyaka arthAt AcArya ke samAna sthiti hotI hai / 81 8-9. bArahaveM aura terahaveM guNasthAna tIrthaMkara yA sayogakevalI kI avasthA hai / 10. caudahavAM guNasthAna mokSaprApti ke pUrva kI sarvajJa yA ayogakevalI kI avasthA hai| ina guNasthAnoM ko hama lagabhaga vyaktitva ke vibhinna rUpoM se saha-sambandhita kara sakate haiN| yahAM pahalA guNasthAna to Adima jAtIya vyaktitva kA nirUpaka hai| dUsarA guNasthAna uccatara stara se Adima stara kI ora adhaHpatana vAlI Adima avasthA hai| tIsarA guNasthAna bhrAmaka vyaktitva kA nirUpaka haiN| cauthe, pAMcave aura chaTheM guNasthAna kramazaH Thosa, susaMskRta, aura pragata vyaktitva ke nirUpaka haiN| sAtaveM guNasthAna meM pragata vyaktitva meM apramAdatA evaM sAvadhAnI A jAtI hai| zeSa guNasthAna AdhyAtmika yA alaukika vyaktitva ke vibhinna staroM ke nirUpaka haiM / 7.6 guNasthAnoM ke staroM evaM saMkramaNoM kA yojanAbaddha nirUpaNa aba yahAM guNasthAnoM ke uparyukta vivecana ke anurUpa dhAraNAoM ko parimANAtmaka rUpa meM vyakta karanA upayogI hogaa| hamane adhyAya 5 meM batAyA hai ki cAro kaSAyoM meM se pratyeka kI pAMca koTiyAM hotI haiM 0,1,2,3 aura 4 / aba yahAM yaha prazna uThatA hai ki kaSAyoM ke samAna hama karma-baMdha ke kAraNoM kI koTi kaise AvaMTita kareM ? adhyAya 6 ke vivecana ko smaraNa -

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jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA kIjiye jahAM hamane yaha batAyA hai ki mithyA dRSTikoNa yA mithyAtva 3 1/2 jaina - vizva kAlacakra ( JTC) taka raha sakatA hai jaba ki koI bhI kaSAya 2 jaina vizva kAlacakra ke barAbara samaya taka rahatI hai| isa AdhAra para hama mithyAtva ko abhilakSaNita karane ke liye 0-7 kI nAma - mAtrika koTi yA mApa de sakate hai| isI bAta ko Age baDhAte hue hama 82 1. avirati / asaMyama ko adhikatama 4 kI koTi AvaMTita kara sakate haiM 2. apramAda ko adhikatama 4 kI koTi AvaMTita kara sakate haiM 3. dvitIyaka kaSAyoM ko adhikatama 4 kI koTi AvaMTita kara sakate haiM 4. kriyAoM (yoga) ko adhikatama 1 kI koTi AvaMTita kara sakate haiM isa prakAra pahale guNasthAna meM karma kA ghanatva 36 ikAI hogA / isI prakAra, anya guNasthAnoM ke liye parikalana karane para, hama pratyeka ke liye kArmika ghanatva kA AvaMTana kara sakate haiM jise sAraNI 7.4 meM kucha sthitiyoM ke sAtha prastuta kiyA gayA hai / tathApi, yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki ye mApa aura mApAMka pUrNataH svaicchika haiM aura inakA upayoga kevala yahI hai ki hama AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI pragati kA kucha antardarzana kara sakeM / citra 7.3 meM kiJcit sUkSma paimAne para sAraNI 7.4 kA yojanAbaddha nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / usameM x - akSa para karma --baMdha ke kAraka haiM aura y-akSa para AdhyAtmika zuddhikaraNa ke stara haiM / yahA~ kArmika ghanatva ko nakArAtmaka rUpa meM samajhanA cAhiye, arthAt jaba kArmika ghanatva kama hotA hai, taba AdhyAtmika zuddhikaraNa adhika hotA hai arthAt cAroM kaSAyoM kA prabhAva kama hotA hai : AdhyAtmika zuddhikaraNa 0 1 / kArmika ghanatva citra 7.3 meM kArmika ghanatva ko y - akSa ke samAnAntara 2- akSa se nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| chaThaveM guNasthAna meM saMyama kI pUrNatA hotI hai aura vahAM cAroM kaSAyoM kI koTiyAM mAtra ATha ho jAtI haiN| B se B' evaM C se C' rekhAoM kA anusaraNa karane para, hama dekhate haiM ki pramAda aura krodha kI koTiyAM to zUnya ho gaI haiM para anya tIna pramukha kaSAyeM aba bhI vibhinna koTiyoM meM banI huI haiN| citra 7.3 meM yaha dhyAna dene yogya bAta hai ki pratyeka karma-baMdha ke kAraNa ke liye pRthak-pRthak sImAyeM haiM, kyoMki mithyAtva aura kaSAya athavA cAra kaSAyoM evaM nau no-kaSAyoM ke bIca koI saMtatatA nahIM hai| karma-baMdha kArakoM kI pratyeka kriyA kA samApana taba cAlU ho sakatA hai jaba sImA rekhA Anata ho jAtI hai arthAt jaba trikoNI AkRtiyAM

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Atma-vijaya kA mArga 83 prakaTa hotI haiN| isa prakAra bindu 0 mithyAtva ke apanayana ke prArambha kA sUcaka hai aura bindu A sAraNI 7.4 ke anurUpa prabuddha dRSTikoNa ke vikAsa kA pratIka hai| bindu B para avirati kA apanayana prAraMbha ho jAtA haiM aura jaba bindu B AtA hai, taba pUrNa saMyama yA niyaMtraNa ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra, bindu C' apramAda kA bindu hai jo sAtaveM guNasthAna meM prApta hotA hai| bindu D akrodha yA zAMti kA bindu hai| bindu E mAyArahitatA yA saralatA kA bindu haiM, bindu G dvitIyaka kaSAyoM ke vilopana kA bindu hai, bindu H nirlobhatA yA saMtoSa kA bindu haiM aura bindu K mokSa-prApti ke pUrva kA bindu hai| yahAM yaha dhyAna dIjiyeM ki bindu K' para arthAt terahaveM guNasthAna meM kriyAoM kI nivRtti prAraMbha ho jAtI hai| sAraNI 7.4 vibhinna guNasthAnoM meM karmabaMdha ke ghaTakoM kA kArmika ghanatva . kaSAyeM guNa mi avi pra. kro. mA mAyA dvi. lo, yo kula kArmika * ghanatva TippaNa ka. 2 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 sahI dRSTikoNa prApta hotA hai 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 1 17 0 0 1 1 1 / 1 5 pUrNa saMyama prApta hotA hai sAvadhAnI AtI hai, kro = 0 mAna zUnya hotA hai 0 0.5 0.1 0 1 / 1 15 1.1 1.0 mAyA zUnya hotI hai dvi. kaSAyeM dUra hotI hai alpatama lobha sabhI kaSAyeM vilupta 0.1 jhAna pUrNa hotA hai kriyAyeM avaruddha hotI hai 0.01 0.01 * sAraNI 7.4 ke saMketa : guNasthAna = guNa; mithyAtva = mi; avirati = avi.; pramAda = pra.; krodha = kro.; mAna = mA.; dvitIyaka kaSAyeM (hAsya Adi) = dvi.ka.; lobha = lo; yoga = yo.

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jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA citra 7.3 se hama kArmika ghanatva ke parivartana ke sUkSmatara mAnoM kA anumAna lagA sakate haiN| pahale guNasthAna meM, y = 1 aura sAraNI 7.4 se yaha prakaTa hai ki mithyAtva, avirati..... lobha aura kriyAtmakatA ke liye kArmika ghanatva kramazaH 7, 4....4 aura 1 haiN| pAMcaveM guNasthAna meM kArmika ghanatva jJAta karane ke liye, hama y = 5 kI rekhA dekheM / yaha rekhA mithyAtva ke trikoNa ko aMtarrodhita nahIM karatI jisase mithyAtva stara para kArmika ghanatva 0 ho jAtA hai aura biMdu BB' para (TrApIjiyama) para antarrodhana kI AdhAra - ra- laMbAI kA AdhA 1/2 hai, phalataH avirati ke lie kArmika ghanatva 2 hai| yaha sAraNI 7.4 ke anurUpa hai| lekina bindu G para, antarrodhana pUrvavat TrApIjiyama kI lambAI se AdhA nahIM hai, lekina kArmika ghanatva 2 se kucha adhika hai| isa taraha citra 7.3 sAraNI 7.4 meM dI gaI caraNabaddha yojanA kA avirata rUpa hai / yahAM yaha dhyAna meM rakhiye ki adhyAya 3 meM diye gaye jIvana - yUniTa 84 kArmika va zuvikaraNa stara 14 13 12 112 10 7 13.1. -- #721 10', 102, 103, 105, 1010, 10100, yahAM kArmika ghanatva ke kramazaH 36, 24, 8, 5, 3 va 0.01 mAnoM ke lagabhaga anurUpa haiM / 4.217.10 citra 7.3 kArmika ghanatva meM hAni aura zuddhikaraNa - stara meM vRddhi : mithyAtva, avirati, krodha....... lobha Adi kI kriyAoM ke liye y = sthirAMka rekhA para chAyita citra ke sAtha banA aMtarrodhana baMdha kArakoM ke kArmika ghanatva kI

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Atma-vijaya kA mArga anurUpatA pradarzita karatA hai jaba ki y = 1 para mithyAtva, avirati, krodha, lobha aura yoga ke lie AdhAra tala kI lambAI kramazaH 7, 4, 4...4 aura 1 hai| yahAM mi. Adi saMketa sAraNI 7.4 ke anurUpa hI haiN| 14 13 12 11 10 7 6 5 1 citra 7.4 zuddhikaraNa caraNa (guNasthAna) ke akSa para saMkramaNa : yahAM caraNa 2 cauthe yA usake Upara ke guNasthAna se adhaHpatana para hI saMbhava hai / 85

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86 7.7 vibhinna guNasthAnoM meM anyonya- saMkramaNa hamane Upara yaha saMketa diyA hai ki eka guNasthAna se dUsare guNasthAna meM parivartana kaise hotA hai ? citra 7.4 meM ina vividha saMkramaNoM ko pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| isakA prathama khaMDa (bhAga) AdhyAtmika akSa hai jaisA citra 7.4 meM batAyA gayA hai| yahAM hama prathama guNasthAna se tIsare guNasthAna meM jAte haiM, phira cauthe guNasthAna meM jAte haiM aura phira yA to pAMcave guNasthAna meM jAte haiM yA phira gira kara dUsare guNasthAna meM Ate haiN| phira pAMcaveM guNasthAna se yA to hama chaThaveM guNasthAna meM jAte haiM athavA cauthe yA dUsare guNasthAna meM adhaHpatita hote haiN| chaThaveM guNasthAna se yA to hama sAtaveM guNasthAna para jAte haiM yA phira pAMcaveM yA cauthe guNasthAna meM adhaH patita hote haiM / AThaveM guNasthAna se yA to hama nauveM guNasthAna para jAte haiM yA phira hama adha:patita bhI ho sakate haiN| navameM guNasthAna se dasaveM guNasthAna meM saMkramaNa ho sakatA hai| aba vyakti dasaveM se sIdhe bArahaveM guNasthAna para jAtA hai| gyArahavAM guNasthAna atyaMta hI sarakauA yA avizvasanIya hai| isa stara se vyakti adha:patita hokara kisI bhI stara para gira sakatA hai, para sAmAnyataH vaha chaThe yA sAtaveM guNasthAna para A jAtA hai| eka bAra jaba vyakti bArahaveM guNasthAna para A jAtA hai, taba adhaHpatana nahIM hotA aura vaha terahaveM aura caudahaveM guNasthAna para kramazaH pahuMca jAtA hai| pariziSTa 4 meM ina mahattvapUrNa saMkramaNoM ko nidarzita karane ke liye sAMpa-sIr3hI kA parivardhita khela diyA gayA hai / 7.8 pAribhASika zabdAvalI guNasthAna, caudaha zuddhikaraNa caraNa dRSTikoNa, prabuddha dRSTikoNa: samyaktva, saMyama/viri pUrNa saMyama caraNa 1. 2. mithyAdRSTi sAsAdana == * jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA = AtmasaMyama / vrata paripAlana, AtmasaMyama kI paripUrNatA : bhrAnta yA mithyA dRSTikoNa : aspaSTa dRSTikoNa

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Atma-1 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. - vijaya kA mArga 10. 11. 12. mizra / samyak mithyAtva avirata samyak dRSTi dezavirata pramattavirata apramattavirata apUrvakaraNa anivRttikaraNa sUkSma sAmparAya upazAMta moha kSINa kaSAya 13. sayoga kevalI 14. ayoga kevalI : bhrAnta evaM prabuddha dRSTikoNa kA mizraNa : avirata prabuddha dRSTikoNa : aMzataH virati ke sAtha prabuddha dRSTikoNa : pramAda - virati ke sAtha prabuddha dRSTikoNa : pramAdarahita saMyama : apUrva pariNAmoM ke sAtha saMyama : samAna aura mRdu pariNAmoM ke sAtha saMyama * sUkSma lobha ke sAtha saMyama : upazamita lobha ke sAtha saMyama : lobha kSaya ke sAtha saMyama : kriyAzIla sarvajJatA : akriya sarvajJatA TippaNiyAM 1. pI. esa. jainI peja 140-41 "vIrya aura karma kI niraMtara calanevAlI anyonyakriyAoM kI asthiratA ke kAraNa", kucha anubhava yA anubhUtiyAM (jaise jina yA usakI pratimA ke darzana, jaina - zikSA yA upadezoM kA zravaNa yA pUrva-janma kI smRti) manuSya ko mokSa prApti kI avyakta kSamatA ( bhavyatva) ko vyakta kara sakatI haiM aura mokSamArga para jAne kI prakriyA ko prAraMbha kara sakatI haiM jisase aMta meM mokSa prApta ho ske|" 2. pI. esa. jainI; peja 147 87 "pUrva meM manuSya apane zarIra, parigraha, avasthA Adi jIvana ke bAhya cihnoM se hI svayaM ko pahacAnatA thaa| isa sthiti meM vaha bahirAtmA kI dazA meM thA jo apanI pahicAna bAhya mAdhyamoM meM hI dekhatA thA jinameM cetanA pramukha thI jo kevala karma phala ke prati hI jAgarUka rahatI hai| yaha sthiti isa mithyA dhAraNA para nirbhara karatI hai ki vyakti dUsare jIvoM meM parivartana lAne ke liye kartA bana jAtA hai ........

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jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA 3. pI. esa. jainI; peja 150 "sabhI prANiyoM meM maulika kSamatA ke astitva ke prati jAgarUkatA tathA inake sAtha ghaTita hone vAle sambandha sabhI ke prati anukampA kI bhAvanA ko jAgrata karate haiN| yadyapi sAmAnya manuSya kI anukampA meM dayA yA rAga hotA hai, para vAstavika anukampA isa prakAra ke nakArAtmaka pakSa se mukta hotI hai| yaha mAtra aMtaHprajJA se vikasita hotI hai, dRzya paryAyoM vAle dravya ko dekhakara vikasita hotI hai| yaha vyakti ke mana meM eka niHsvArtha icchA jagAtI hai ki vaha dUsaroM ke mokSa prApti ke mArga meM sahAyaka bne|" 4. pI. esa. jainI; peja 159 "zarIra-dhAraNa yA jIvana ke aMtima kSaNoM meM yoga (yA kriyAoM) kA bhI avarodhana ho jAtA hai| yaha nitAMta akriyatA kI avasthA 'akriya sarvajJatA' yA ayoga kevalI kI avasthA kahalAtI hai| yaha caudahavAM aura aMtima guNasthAna hai| nirvANa yA mahAmRtyu ke samaya, AtmA sAMsArika prabhAvoM ke aMtima cihnoM yA sUcakoM (zarIra Adi) se bhI mukta ho jAtA haiN|"

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adhyAya 8 zuddhikaraNa ke upAya 8.1 viSaya praveza sAtaveM adhyAya meM hamane karma-baMdha ke pAMca kArakoM- mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga- ke pratikArakoM ke rUpa meM tapasyAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| vastutaH, AcArya umAsvAti ke anusAra, (dekhiye pariziSTa 3 a, uddharaNa 8.1) 'tapasyA' zabda kA nihitArtha hai : gupti, samiti, dharma, anuprekSA, parISaha-jaya aura samyak-cAritra kA vikAsa isa prakAra karma-baMdha ke pAMca kArakoM ke liye chaha pratikAraka haiM jo 1. karmoM ke Asrava ko rokane ke liye tathA 2. karma-pudagaloM ke AtmA se viyojana yA nirjarA ke liye uttaradAyI hote haiN| svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 4 sa ke vivecana ke liye, ina chahoM pratikArakoM ko 'tapasyA' mAnA jA sakatA hai| ye pratikAraka karma-kSetra-kavaca (saMvara) bhI kahalAte haiN| aba hama caudaha guNasthAnoM yA zuddhikaraNa caraNoM ke saMdarbha meM ina chahoM pratikArakoM kA vistRta vivecana kreNgeN| jaba mUlabhUta AdhAra bana jAtA hai, taba ye chaha pratikAraka jIva ko chaThe guNasthAna taka le jAte haiN| yahAM dhyAna dene yogya mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki uparokta pratikAraka mukhyataH upavAsa dvArA zarIra-zuddhi, mauna sAdhanA dvArA vacana-niyaMtraNa aura dhyAna ke mAdhyama se mana ko zAMta karate haiN| 8.2 samyaktva yA aMtardarzana ke ATha aMga (yA ghaTaka) yA guNa jaba manuSya ko avirata samyaka-dRSTi nAmaka cauthA guNasthAna prApta ho jAtA hai, usake samyaktva ke ATha aMga prakaTa hote haiN| isake bAda vaha zuddhikaraNa-caraNa kI dhurI para uccatara guNasthAnoM kI ora bar3hatA hai| inameM cAra aMga to nakArAtmaka haiM, jo ye nimna haiM : 1. niHzaMkita jaina zikSAoM aura upadezoM ke prati saMzaya/zaMkAoM se mukti 2. niHkAMkSita bhaviSya kI AzAoM/AkAMkSAoM se mukti 3. nirvicikitsA virodhI dharmoM ke bIca vivekazIlatA ke kAraNa utpanna ghRNA se mukti 4. amUr3ha dRSTi deva, guru va dhArmika kriyAoM se sambandhita mithyA vizvAsoM se mukti

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jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA samyaktva ke uttaravartI cAra caraNa sakArAtmaka haiM, jo ye nimna haiM : 5. upagRhana/saMrakSaNa ..: samucita mArgadarzana dvArA logoM kI AlocanAoM se jaina vizvAsoM kA saMrakSaNa aura aticArI yA anAcArI mArgacyuta sajAtIya kA samucita upadeza va nirdeza dvArA sanmArga meM punaH Anayana 6. sthitikaraNa : saMzayAlu logoM ko jaina-mArga meM sthira rakhane ke prayAsa 7. prabhAvanA - : aise sakArAtmaka kArya karanA jo jaina dharma ke prabhAva ko saMvardhita kareM. 8. vAtsalya/ : mokSa ke Adarza ke prati nisvArtha zraddhA aura svAmi-vAtsalya usake mArga kA upadeza dene vAle guruoM ke prati bhakti 8.3 jaina zrAvakoM ke liye pAMcavAM guNasthAna pAcaveM guNasthAna meM jaina zrAvakoM ke liye tyAga, virati yA sAdhanA-mArga ke nimna gyAraha Adarza caraNoM (pratimAoM) ke pAlana kA nirdeza hai| inheM upa-caraNa yA upa-sApAna kahA jA sakatA hai| ina upa-caraNoM kI sIr3hI citra 8.1 meM pradarzita kI gaI hai| isameM sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa caraNa zrAvakoM dvArA prAthamika (sthUla yA aNu) vratoM kA svIkAra karanA hai| inameM bhI pAMca aNuvrata sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai, jo nimna haiM : 1. do yA adhika iMdriya vAle jIvoM ko kaSTa/pIr3A pahuMcAne kA varjana yA parityAga (aMhisA) 2. satya kA pAlana yA asatya kA parityAga (satya) 3. binA dI haI vastu kA na lenA yA corI na karanA (acaurya yA adattAdAna kA tyAga) 4. vivAhetara yauna-saMbaMdha kA tyAga (brahmacarya) 5. parigraha yA saMpatti kA parisImana (a-parigraha) ina aNuvratoM ko prabala karane ke liye pUraka ke rUpa meM inake kucha atirikta sahAyaka vrata bhI hote haiN| inake vivaraNa ke liye pI. esa. jainI (1979, peja 87) tathA viliyamsa (1963) kI pustakoM kA adhyayana kara sakate haiN| .

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zuddhikaraNa ke upAya 91 11 - / 0 / 0 / 0 / / 0 chaThe guNasthAna kI ora parivAra-tyAga yA uddiSTa tyAga anumati tyAga (gRha kAryoM meM nirdezana kA tyAga) parigraha tyAga (saMpatti kA vitaraNa/tyAga) Arambha tyAga (gRha kAryoM se virati) brahmacarya (maithuna virati) rAtri bhukti tyAga/ divAbhukti-viramaNa bhojana meM zuddhi/sacitta tyAga pauSaghopavAsa (pavitra dinoM meM anazana/upavAsa) sAmAyika (samatva kA abhyAsa) vrata (sthUla vratoM kA pAlana) - darzana (sahI dRSTikoNa) cauthe guNasthAna se citra 8.1 pAMcaveM guNasthAna se sahacarita zrAvaka ke liye tyAga ke gyAraha Adarza caraNa (pratimAyeM) / / - No - ina gyAraha upa-caraNoM aMtima caraNa, uccatara caraNa yA sAdhu avasthA ke liye taiyArI ke caraNa ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai| mahAtmA bhagavAnadIna ne batAyA hai ki ye upa-caraNa mUlataH sva-lakSI haiM, para ye vyakti-AdhArita samAjonnati ke AdhAra bhI haiM (bhagavAnadIna, 2000) / 8.4 chaThavAM guNasthAna aura sAdhu chaThaveM guNasthAna meM uccatara koTi ke vratoM yA mahAvratoM kA pAlana karanA par3atA hai jinameM kaThoratara tapasyAyeM samAhita hotI haiN| ye pUrvokta 1-5 prAthamika vratoM ke vistAra aura saMyojana haiM aura inameM, vizeSataH parigraha-tyAga aura gRhastha jIvana kA pUrNataH tyAga mahattvapUrNa hai| ina vratoM kA samagra uddezya vividha prakAra kI kriyAoM kI sImA aura vAraMvAratA ko alpIkRta karanA hai jinase navIna kaSAyoM ke kAraNa atirikta karma-pudgaloM kA baMdha hotA hai| __aba hama sAdhu kI Avazyaka caryA (dekhiye 8.1) kA vistRta vivecana kreNge| ye abhyAsa sAdhaka ko pragata dhyAna kI avasthA meM pahu~cane ke liye

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jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA taiyAra karate haiM jisase AtmA se karma-pudgaloM kA pUrNa viyojana ho jAtA hai aura mokSa prApta hotA hai| 1. gupti : gupti zabda kA nihitArtha hai - mana, vacana, aura kAya kI pravRttiyoM ko niyaMtrita karanA yA vaza meM rkhnaa| isakA artha hai - anAvazyaka pravRttiyoM kA varjana evaM ekatAnatA ke lakSya kI praapti| ye guptiyAM tIna haiM : manogupti, vacanagupti aura kAyagupti samiti : samiti zabda kA artha hai vividha prakAra kI pravRttiyoM ko sAvadhAnIpUrvaka evaM sakArAtmaka rUpa se saMpAdana krnaa| ye samitiyAM pAMca haiM : (1) IryA samiti : AvAgamana ke samaya jIvoM kI hatyA yA laghutara jIvoM ko pIr3A na ho, isakA dhyAna rkhnaa| calate samaya cAra hAtha Age dekhakara clnaa| (2) bhASA samiti : satya vacana bolane kA prayatna karanA aura kama-se-kama bolane kA abhyAsa krnaa| (3) eSaNA samiti : nirdoSa bhikSA/AhAra grahaNa karanA jisase Atma-saMtuSTi yA kRtArthatA kI bhAvanA na panapa ske| (4) AdAna-nikSepaNa samiti : vibhinna prakAra kI vastuoM ke uThAne evaM rakhane meM sAvadhAnI rakhanA jisase kisI bhI prakAra ke jIvoM ko pIr3A yA hAni na ho| (5) vyutsarga samiti : mala-mUtra tyAga Adi bAhya utsarjanI kriyAoM meM sAvadhAnI rakhanA jisase vibhinna jIvoM ko koI bAdhA/pIr3A na phuce| 3. dharma : daza dharma : uparokta abhyAsoM (gupti/samiti) ko prabala karane ke liye vyakti ko dharma ke dasa niyamoM kA pAlana karanA caahiye| ye dharma nimna haiM : 1. uttama kSamA krodha na karanA, sahiSNutA, dhairya kI pUrNatA uttama mArdava vinamratA, abhimAna na karanA 3. uttama Arjava nizchalatA, saralatA, chala-kapaTa/mAyAcArI nahIM 4. uttama satya satya guNa kI paripUrNatA 5. uttama zauca zucitA, pavitratA, lobha kA abhAva 6. uttama saMyama iMdriya aura prANiyoM ke prati nigraha-bhAva

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zuddhikaraNa ke upAya 7. uttama tapa bAhya aura aMtaraMga tapasyAoM kA abhyAsa uttama tyAga cetana aura acetana parigrahoM kA tyAga 9. uttama aakiNcny| svakIya mamatva-buddhi kA tyAga, aparigraha 10. uttama brahmacarya strI sambandhI guNa-smaraNa, kathA-zravaNa, saMsarga Adi kA tyAga yahAM dharma zabda kA artha vividha prakAra ke naitika guNa aura kartavyoM kA abhyAsa hai aura uttama zabda kA artha ina guNoM aura kartavyoM kI paripUrNatA hai| 4. anuprekSA yA bhAvanA : 'anuprekSA' kA nihitArtha hai vAraMbAratA-pUrvaka mAnasika ciMtana jisameM citta ko lagAyA jAtA hai| ye anuprekSAyeM bAraha hotI haiN| inakA pAramparika vivaraNa to inheM lagabhaga nakArAtmaka rUpa detA pratIta hotA hai, lekina gurudeva citrabhAnu (1981) ne inakI paryApta sakArAtmaka vyAkhyA kI hai| hama yahAM donoM prakAra kI vyAkhyAoM ko sahayojita kreNge| uparokta bAraha bhAvanAyeM nimna haiM : 1. anityatva : hamAre cAroM ora vidyamAna sabhI cIjeM asthAyI haiM, kucha hI samaya rahane vAlI haiN| lekina isa parivartanazIla jagat meM kevala eka hI sthAyI vastu hai - aatmaa| 2. azaraNatva : mRtyu ke samaya hamArA koI zaraNa yA rakSaka nahIM hotA, lekina aMdara eka adRzya evaM AMtarika bala sadaiva rahatA hai| 3. saMsAra (punarjanma kA cakra) : yaha saMsAra duHkhamaya hai| isameM janma aura mRtyu kA cakra calatA rahatA hai| isa cakra se mukti bhI saMbhava hai| 4. ekatva : jaba manuSya saMsAra cakra se pAra hotA hai, taba vaha nitAMta akelA hI rahatA hai| isaliye use AtmanirbharatA kA abhyAsa karanA caahiye| 5. anyatva : hamArA zarIra aura AtmA (aura unake guNa) bhinna-bhinna hai| hama kevala zarIra mAtra yA bhautika hI nahIM haiN| hameM AtmA ke astitva kI anubhUti ke mAdhyama se jIvana kA sahI artha samajhanA caahiye| 6. azucitva : hamArA zarIra aneka prakAra ke apavitra padArthoM se banA huA hai| yahAM taka ki bhautikataH atyaMta AkarSaka zarIra meM aneka prakAra ke apavitra padArtha rahate haiN|

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hai| jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA 7. Asrava : hameM isa para vicAra karanA cAhiye ki karmoM kA Asrava kisa prakAra hotA hai aura hama dUra raha kara ise kaise anubhava kareM yA avalokita kareM ? 8. saMvara (karma-kavaca) : karmoM kA Asrava kaise rokA jA sakatA hai ? isa Asrava-dvAra ko kaise avaruddha kiyA jA sakatA hai jaba kaSAyarUpI tUphAna tejI se Ane vAlA ho ? 9. nirjarA (saMpUrNa karma-kSaya) : AtmA se sahacarita karma-pudagaloM ko kaise dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai jisase AtmA zuddha rUpa ko prApta kara sake arthAt vaha sthAyI tAttvika avasthA (mokSa) ko prApta kara sake ? 10. loka : yaha tristarIya vizva anAdi hai, kisI ke dvArA nirmita nahIM hai| pratyeka vyakti apanI duHkha-vimukti ke liye svayaM bhI uttaradAyI hai, kyoMki isa prakriyA meM sahAyatA ke lie koI sarvazaktimAn Izvara nahIM hai| 11. bodhidurlabha : samyaka-jJAna yA bodhi kaThinAI se hI prApta hotA hai| yaha kevala manuSya jIvana hI hai jise samyaka-bodhi prApta karane evaM mokSa-prApti ke liye vizeSAdhikAra prApta hai| 12. dharma-svAkhyAtattva yA jaina-patha kI satyatA : jaina tIrthaMkaroM ke upadeza hI satya haiM jinake mAdhyama se vyakti apane vAstavika svarUpa ko jAnatA hai aura anaMta zAMti ke lakSya ko prApta karatA hai| 5. parISaha-jaya : 'parISaha' zabda kA artha svayaM-utpanna kaThinAiyAM haiN| ye kaThinAiyAM bhUkha, pyAsa, sardI, garmI, upahAsa, kITa-kATana Adi ke rUpa meM bIsa yA bAisa prakAra kI haiN| ina kaThinAiyoM ko acchI taraha zAMtipUrvaka sahana karane ke upAyoM para vicAra karanA aura abhyAsa karanA parISaha-jaya hai| sAraNI 8.1 meM vibhinna guNasthAnoM meM kiye jAne vAle vrata-abhyAsoM ko diyA gayA hai| yahAM yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki tIna gupti, pAMca samiti, dazadharma, bAraha anuprekSAoM Adi kA abhyAsa zrAvaka ke liye kevala mArgadarzaka hai jo zuddhikaraNa ke saMbhAvita upAyoM ke viSaya meM aMtardRSTi detA hai aura sAmAnyataH unakA abhyAsa niyamita rUpa se nahIM kiyA jAtA, aura yadi kiyA bhI jAtA hai, to paripUrNatA ke sAtha nhiiN| zrAvaka iname se kucha kA hI abhyAsa (jaise vizeSa dinoM meM upavAsa Adi) kara sakatA hai| phira bhI, yaha AzA kI jAtI

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zuddhikaraNa ke upAya 95 hai ki sAdhu ina mArganirdezoM kA, jahAM taka saMbhava ho sake, sabhI samaya paripUrNatA se pAlana kre| udAharaNArtha, sAdhu kA AhAra, zrAvaka kI apekSA adhika niyaMtrita hotA hai| sAraNI 8.1 guNasthAna aura unake anurUpa abhyAsa guNasthAna 1-4 5 6. 7. 8-10. 12-14. abhyAsa prazna, "maiM kauna hUM" uttara : svataH siddha avadhAraNA 1-3, 4 a, 4 ba, 4 sa meM vizvAsa ( samyaktva ke ATha aMgoM kA abhyAsa ) zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM (upacaraNoM) kA abhyAsa (citra 8.1 dekhiyeM) gupti 3; samiti 5; dharma 10; anuprekSA 12 parISahajaya 20 yA 22 kA abhyAsa dharma dhyAna kA abhyAsa pahale do prakAra ke zukla dhyAna kA abhyAsa antima do prakAra ke zukla dhyAna kA abhyAsa 8.5 uccatara guNasthAna aura dhyAna uccatara guNasthAnoM meM jAne ke liye, vyakti ko dhyAna ke pragata rUpoM-dharma dhyAna aura zukla dhyAna kA abhyAsa karanA par3atA hai| ye dhyAna khaMDa 8.4 meM varNita daza dharmoM ke aMtargata vizeSa tapa dharma ke aMga haiN| dharma dhyAna meM 48 minaTa taka nimna viSayoM para gahana vicAraNA kI jAtI hai' : 1. nau tattvoM se sambandhita jaina upadeza (AjJA ) 2. dUsaroM ko sahAyatA karane ke sAdhana (apAya) 3. karmoM ke vipAka aura visarjana kI prakriyA ( vipAka ) 4. loka kI saMracanA (loka) ( yaha vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki koI bhI vyakti ausatana lagabhaga 48 minaTa taka hI gahana dhyAna meM lIna raha sakatA hai) / dhyAna ke samaya pramAda kA ghaTaka damita ho jAtA hai, phalataH dhyAna karane vAlA asthAyI rUpa se sAtaveM guNasthAna meM pahu~ca jAtA hai| jaba vyakti dhyAna ke samayoM meM lIna rahatA hai aura bAda meM sAmAnya avasthA meM AtA hai, taba vaha chaThaveM evaM sAtaveM guNasthAna ke bIca parivartI hotA rahatA hai / apramatta avasthA meM kiyA jAne vAlA dhyAna mokSa kI taiyArI kA sopAna mAnA jAtA hai, lekina yaha svayaM kI sUkSma kaSAyoM kA viyojana nahIM

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96 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA kara paataa| yaha to kevala apUrvakaraNa nAmaka AThaveM guNasthAna meM pahu~caneM para hI hotA hai jaba vyakti mokSa-prApti ke aMtima caraNa meM pahu~cane ke prati nizcita ho jAtA hai| yaha tabhI saMbhava hai jaba vyakti cauthe - zukla dhyAna yA zuddha samAdhi meM lavalIna ho jaaye| yaha cauthA dhyAna cAra prakAra kA hotA hai : 1. pRthaktvavitarka : chaha dravyoM kI prakRti va unake bahupakSIya rUpa para dhyAna lagAnA 2. ekatvavitarka : kisI bhI eka dravya kI prakRti aura usake bahupakSIya rUpa para dhyAna lagAnA 3. sUkSma-kriyA-apratipAti : sUkSma kriyAoM kI anubhavAtIta avasthA 4. vyuparata kriyA-nivRtti : parama akriyatA kI anubhavAtIta avasthA inameM pahale do zukla dhyAna AThaveM, nauveM, va dasaveM guNasthAna meM kAryakArI hote haiM jahAM dvitIyaka kaSAyeM (no-kaSAya) aura atisUkSma mukhya kaSAyeM kramaza: yA to upazAMta ho jAtI haiM yA naSTa ho jAtI haiM (khaMDa 7.4 dekhiye)| inake aMta se AtmA itanA vIrya prApta kara letA hai ki vaha kSapaka zreNI ke guNasthAnoM meM jA sakatA hai aura pratyeka caraNa para sUkSma kaSAyoM ko upazamita karane ke sthAna para viyojita kara sakatA hai| isa prakAra, gyArahavAM guNasthAna pAra kara AtmA sIdhe hI bArahaveM guNasthAna meM pahuMca jAtA hai| isa caraNa meM AtmA kA zuddhikaraNa uccatama avasthA meM hotA hai aura vaha 'sayoga kevalI' nAmaka terahaveM guNasthAna meM tatkAla pahu~ca jAtA hai| mRtyu ke kucha samaya pUrva AtmA zukla dhyAna ke aMtima do rUpoM kA kramazaH abhyAsa karatA hai, jisase caudahaveM guNasthAna meM pahu~caneM kI anutkramaNIya prakriyA prArambha ho jAtI hai| jaisA pUrva meM khaMDa 7.5 meM batAyA gayA hai ki sAMsArika yA bhautika mRtyu ke pUrva caudahavAM guNasthAna adhika se adhika antarmuhUrta taka rahatA hai| zukla dhyAna kI tIsarI avasthA meM jIva zvAsocchavAsa, hRdaya-kaMpana Adi ke samAna jIvana-niyaMtraka kriyAoM ko chor3akara mana, vacana aura kAya kI samasta kriyAoM se nivRtta ho jAtA hai aura zukla dhyAna kI cauthI avasthA meM ye niyaMtraka kriyAyeM bhI nahIM rahatI aura AtmA nirvANa ko prApta ho jAtA hai| hamaneM yahAM kevala do sakArAtmaka dhyAnoM para hI apanA dhyAna keMdrita kiyA hai| inase atirikta, do nakArAtmaka mAnasika dazA vAle dhyAna bhI haiN| eka ko Arta-dhyAna kahate haiM jisameM priya ke viyoga, apriya ke saMyoga yA saMpatti kI hAni Adi ke samAna arucikara prasaMgoM ke samaya cintana yA dhyAna

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zuddhikaraNa ke upAya kiyA jAtA hai| yaha mAnasika dazA kleza yA cintA kI sthiti hai| usake viparyAsa meM, dUsarA dhyAna raudra dhyAna kahalAtA hai jisameM hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha ke saMrakSaNa ke samAna AparAdhika duSkriyAoM ke viSaya meM cintana kiyA jAtA hai evaM AnaMda kI anubhUti kI jAtI hai| dhyAna ke ye donoM prathama rUpa chaThaveM guNasthAna taka hI rahate haiN| inake viSaya meM vistRta vivaraNa ke liyeM DA. TATiyA kI pustaka (1986) dekhA jA sakatA hai| 8.6 tIna ratna yA ratnatraya hamaneM pUrva meM jo svataHsiddha avadhAraNAyeM prastuta kI haiM, unheM umAsvAti ke 'tattvArthasUtra' ke nimna sUtra 1.1 ke dvArA saMkSepita kiyA jA sakatA hai : samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokssmaargH| arthAt samyaka-darzana, samyak-jJAna aura samyaka-cAritra kA samanvita rUpa mokSa kA mArga hai| (dekhiyeM pariziSTa 3 ba, uddharaNa 8.2) / jaina dharma meM samyak darzana, samyak-jJAna aura samyaka-cAritra ke trika ko 'ratnatraya' kahate haiM aura inheM kramazaH hI prApta kiyA jAtA hai| inameM samyaka-darzana yA samyak-vizvAsa ko hI sabase pahale apanAyA jAtA hai - yaha cauthe guNasthAna meM hotA hai - isake bAda samyaka-cAritra ko AThaveM guNasthAna para prApta karate haiM aura samyaka-jJAna ko terahaveM guNasthAna meM prApta karate haiN| citra 8.2 meM ina vicAroM ke saMkSepaNa ko paramparAgata va pratIkAtmaka rUpa meM pradarzita kiyA gayA hai (jo sAmAnyataH pUjA-prArthanA meM prayukta hotA hai)| sAmAnyataH inake nIce svastika kA cihna bhI diyA jAtA hai jo prANiyoM kI cAra prakAra kI mAnasika dazAoM yA cAra gatiyoM kA saMketa karatA hai (citra 3.3) / vAstava meM, samyak-darzana (yA satya aMtardRSTi) AtmA, karma-pudagaloM tathA anya sAta tattvoM (Asrava Adi) meM vizvAsa karane kI prakriyA hai| samyak-jJAna inheM samajhane aura jAnane kI vidhi hai aura samyaka-cAritra to tapasyA rUpa hai| (dekhiye, pariziSTa 3 ba, uddharaNa 8.3) / samyaka-jJAna anekAMtavAda ko bhI mahattva detA hai jise vividha pakSoM para AdhArita kathana ke mAdhyama se bahutattvavAdI sApekSa dRSTi se vicAra karane tathA jaina anumAna-vidhi ke mAdhyama se vaijJAnika tarka Adi ke rUpa meM vyakta kiyA jAtA hai (dekhiyeM agalA adhyAya 9) / yaha kahA jAtA haiM ki vikAsa kI prakriyA meM pahale jJAna hotA haiM, aura usase dayA vikasita hotI hai (pariziSTa 3 ba, uddharaNa 8.4) / samyaka-cAritra to tapa hI hai jisakA varNana isI adhyAya meM pahale hI kiyA jA cukA hai| paraMtu yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA

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98 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA cAhiyeM ki aMdha-vizvAsI tapa hamAre Atma-vikAsa ko bahuta Age nahIM bar3hAtA / yaha kahA gayA hai ki yadi koI vyakti samyaka jJAna ke binA eka mAha meM kevala ghAsa kI eka noMka ke barAbara AhAra letA hai, to vaha puNya kA solahavAM bhAga bhI arjita nahIM karatA hai (pariziSTa 3ba, uddharaNa 8.5) 1 yaha dhyAna dene kI bAta hai ki prANiyoM para cAroM kaSAyoM ke vibhinna staroM ke prabhAva nimna prakAra se hote haiM : 1. kaSAyoM ke cauthe stara para na to vizvAsa aura na cAritra hI samyak hotA hai / 2. kaSAyoM ke tIsare stara para vizvAsa to samyak hotA hai, lekina vahAM mithyA cAritra kA tyAga avaruddha hotA hai / 1 saMyama kI pUrNatA meM bAdhA AtI hai, lekina saMyama kA anupAlana hotA hai saMyama kA pUrNataH pAlana hotA hai, lekina yahAM dhyAna ke prati kucha udAsInatA rahatI hai aura zarIra ke prati sUkSma koTi kA rAga bhI rahatA hai| 3. kaSAyoM ke dUsare stara para samyak - darzana aura AMzika 4. kaSAyoM ke pahale stara para 5. kaSAyoM ke zUnya stara para, pUrNa saMyama kI sthiti prApta hotI hai 1 mokSa samyak-darzana samyaka jJAna citra 8.2 jainoM ke tIna ratna aura mokSa ( ina tIna ratnoM ke nIce citra 3.3 meM diyA gayA svastika kA cihna bhI citrita kiyA jAtA hai) / samyak cAritra

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zuddhikaraNa ke upAya isake sAtha hI, karma - ghaTaka nimnAnusAra viyojita hote haiM (yahAM hama khaNDa 4.2 ke anusAra saMketoM kA prayoga kareMgeM) : 1. karma - ghaTaka a, ( darzana mohanIya) kA cauthe guNasthAna meM viyojana ho jAtA hai| 2. karma-ghaTaka a1/2 ( cAritra mohanIya) bArahaveM guNasthAna meM viyojita hotA hai / 3. mUlabhUta tIna karma - ghaTaka ba, sa aura da ( aMtarAya, jJAnAvaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa) terahaveM guNasthAna meM viyojita hote haiM / 4. sabhI cAroM dvitIyaka (aghAti karma), ya, ra, la, va ( vedanIya, nAma, Ayu aura gotrakarma) caudahaveM guNasthAna meM mRtyu ke samaya eka sAtha viyojita ho jAte haiN| yahAM yaha dhyAna denA cAhiye ki AtmA sarvaprathama bAhya AyatoM ko zuddha karatA hai, aura unheM rikta karatA huA kendra kI ora bar3hatA hai| jaba jIva ke samasta karma - pudgala nirjarita ho jAte haiM, taba citra 2.6 eka aise rikta kSetra meM badala jAtA hai jisakI koI sImA nahIM hotii| isase jJAta hotA hai ki AtmA pUrNataH karma - rahita yA zuddha ho gaI hai / 8.7 Atmika vikAsa kI prakriyA kI paraMparAgata ghI- nirmANa aura Adhunika moTara-saMcAlana prakrama se sAdRzya AdhyAtmika pragati ko samajhAne ke liye prayukta paramparAgata upamAyeM aneka haiN| inameM se eka meM isa prakriyA kI ghI ( makkhana ke zuddha rUpa ) ke banAne kI prakriyA se tulanA kI jAtI hai / sAraNI 8.2 meM isake vibhinna caraNoM ke anurUpa AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke caraNa batAye gaye haiN| ye caraNa lagabhaga guNasthAnoM ke krama ke samarUpa hI haiM jaisA ki sAraNI 8.2 ke antima (tIsare) kAlama meM diyA gayA hai| 99 sAraNI 8.2 zuddha makkhana (ghI) banAne kI prakriyA aura AtmA ke zuddhikaraNa kI prakriyA kI anurUpatA kra. 1. 2. ghI banAne kI prakriyA ke caraNa dUdha se ghI banAnA dUdha ko garma karanA Atma-vikAsa ke samAnAMtara caraNa samyak - darzana ke rUpa meM zuddha AtmA ke astitva kA sAkSAtkAra karanA astikAya Adi tapa karanA guNasthAna 4 5

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100 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA 4. dUdha ko ThaMDA karanA mana ko zAMta karanA (dhyAna) jAmana (kalcara) samyak-jJAna prApta karanA milAnA dUdha ko jamAne ke mauna dhAraNa karanA (samyak-cAritra) liye chaha ghaMTe (yA rAtabhara) rakhanA makkhana prApta karane ke dhyAna ke pragata rUpoM kA abhyAsa liye mathanA yA vilonA (cana) makkhana ko garma kara agni = pragata zukla dhyAna yA samAdhi ghI prApta karanA ghI = zuddha AtmA 7-11 12 caudaha guNasthAnoM ke mAdhyama se manuSya ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI prakriyA kI tulanA moTara-gAr3I ke saMcAlana kI prakriyA-sIkhane tathA usameM uttaravartI kuzalatA prApta karane kI prakriyA se bhI kI jA sakatI haiM (maraDiyA, 1981) / yahAM yaha dhyAna denA Avazyaka hai ki iMglaiDa ke parIkSaNa-mAnakoM meM prazikSaNa prakriyA meM pUrNa dakSatA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI aura, phalataH, parIkSaNa meM saphala hone para bhI uttaravartI kuzalatA prApta karanI caahiye| phira bhI, jIvana meM vyakti taba taka sadaiva zikSArthI yA zizikSu hI rahatA hai jaba taka use mokSa prApta na ho jaaye| guNasthAnoM ke prathama cAra caraNa, 1-4, moTaragAr3I ke sahI upayogoM ko jAnane aura samajhane ke samAna haiN| isakA yaha artha nahIM ki hama mAtra yaha jAneM ki moTara to na kevala eka prazaMsanIya yAtAyAta kA sAdhana hai, apitu hama yaha jAneM ki yaha eka upayogI yaMtra hai jise isa prakAra calAnA cAhiye jisase na to cAlaka ko aura na usameM baiThe anya vyaktiyoM ko hI koI khatarA utpanna ho ske| koI bhI vyakti, jo ukta dhAraNA meM vizvAsa karatA hai aura use prAyogika rUpa de sakatA hai, vaha iMglaiDa ke moTara cAlana ke parIkSaNa meM saphala ho sakatA hai| tathApi, acchA moTara cAlaka banane ke liye cAlana-kriyA meM use uttaravartI abhyAsa se vikAsa karanA hogaa| yaha prakriyA sAdhu-mArga ko grahaNa karane kI prakriyA ke samakakSa mAnanI caahiye| pAMcaveM aura chaThaveM caraNa meM pUrNa saMyama kA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai arthAt kAra-cAlaka kAra ko niyaMtraNa meM rakhatA hai, para use acAnaka teja calAne, kaThoratA se breka lagAne yA kAra ke prakAza-dIpoM (kAra-lAiTa) ko adhika camakAne yA anAvazyaka bhoMpU bajAne Adi bAtoM ko TAlanA caahiye|

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101 zuddhikaraNa ke upAya citra 8.3 meM kAra cAlaka meM cAroM kaSAyoM kI abhivyakti ko pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| tIna guptiyoM kA artha hai - mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRttiyoM ko saMyamita karanA jisase vyakti binA vicAreM hI apanI sahaja pravRtti ke anusAra kAma kre| sAtaveM guNasthAna meM samitiyoM (sAvadhAniyoM) kI pUrNatA hotI hai arthAt AvazyakatAnusAra kAra meM lage darpaNoM, sUcakoM, prakAza-dIpoM tathA anya upakaraNoM kA upayoga karane meM dakSatA AtI hai jisase kisI dUsare cAlaka vyakti ko bure cAlana kI ciMtA na rahe aura durghaTanA kI koI saMbhAvanA na rhe| sAtha hI, cAlaka prati samaya sAvadhAna rahatA hai jisase vaha dUsaroM ke bure cAlana yA anya kArakoM ke kAraNa sahI sAvadhAnI le ske| AThaveM se bArahaveM caraNa meM kAra ke cAlana meM kaSAyoM kA alpIkaraNa yA viyojana samAhita hotA hai| ina kaThina doSoM kA dUra karanA sarala nahIM hai, kyoMki inameM niyamAnusAra adhikatama gati se kama gati para calane ke bAvajUda bhI lambe yAtAyAta avarodhoM meM vyagratA aura bArabAra pIche kI kAroM dvArA Age nikala jAne ke kAraNa asahajatA A jAtI hai| ye kaSAyeM ugra hotI haiM aura kabhI-kabhI hI utpanna hotI haiM kyoMki inako sAmAnyataH niyaMtraNa meM rakhA jAtA hai| terahaveM caraNa meM cAlaka aise stara para pahuMca jAtA hai jisase mArga para nyUnatama saMkaTa kI hI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| caudahaveM caraNa meM kriyA ke nirodha kI sthiti utpanna hotI hai jisameM vyakti yaha socatA hai ki kAra ke binA kAma calAne meM koI saMkaTa nahIM hai| yahAM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki jaba usakA iMjina kAma nahIM kara rahA hai, taba usameM koI kriyA nahI hotI arthAt usameM koI yoga nahIM hai| yahAM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki yaha upamA pUrNa upamA nahIM hai| isa anurUpatA ke mAdhyama se hama pAMca samitiyoM ke upayoga ko bhI nidarzita kara sakate haiN| pahalI samiti-IryA samiti (AvAgamana meM sAvadhAnI) aisA kAra-cAlana jisameM rAste para calane vAle pazu-pakSI Adi ko coTa na lge| dUsarI vacana-samiti hai jo kAra calAte samaya kama-se-kama bAta karane ke samakakSa hai jisase hamArA dhyAna dUsarI ora kama-se-kama jaaye| tIsarI samiti eSaNA-samiti hai jo madya-sevana Adi ke binA kAra calAne ke samakakSa hai jisameM hamArA dhyAna sadA kAra calAne para hI keMdrita rahatA hai| cauthI samiti AdAna-nikSepaNa samiti hai jo kAra calAne ke pUrva usakI jAMca-par3atAla kara lene evaM kAra ko rakhane ke liye aise sthala ko khojane ke samakakSa hai jahAM baccoM yA pazuoM ko AghAta na laga ske| aMtima samiti vyutsarga samiti hai jo sImita jagaha meM kAra ke iMjina na calAne ke samakakSa hai jisase pAsa-par3osa ke loga bahirgamita gaisoM se prabhAvita na ho skeN|

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102 yadyapi yahAM moha hai, phira / mI maiM isa Traka ko pAra kara Age jA sakatA huuN| (loma) mai sar3akoM ko gheratA rahU~ aura use mere Age na jAne duuN| (loma) kyA bhoMpU bAra-bAra bajAU~ yA prakAza-puMja kI camaka phekU? (krodha) una choTI pAra ko apanI rola-rAima ne Age nahIM jAne puuNgaa| isalie * gati roja phlNgaa| (mAna) mom 'cAroM ora pulisa nahIM haiM, maiM use yaha batAGa ki kAra kaise calAte hai ? (mAyA) jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA citra 8.3 eka kAra cAlaka meM cAra kaSAyeM

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zuddhikaraNa ke upAya 103 prabhAvanA 8.8 pAribhASika zabdAvalI 1. samyaktva ke ATha aMga niHzaMkita : zaMkA se mukti niHkAMkSita : pratyAzAoM, icchAoM/ AkAMkSAoM se mukti nirvicikitsA : ghRNA se mukti amUDhadRSTi mithyA dhAraNAoM yA vizvAsoM se mukti upagUhana surakSA evaM saMrakSaNa sthitikaraNa sthirIkaraNa aura saMvardhana utsavoM/upadezoM Adi ke dvArA dharma kA prabhAvI saMprasAraNa vAtsalya : niHsvArtha sneha/sevA 2. jaina zrAvaka ke pAMca prAthamika yA sthUla vrata (aNuvrata) ahiMsA : mana, vacana, kAya se kisI ko kaSTa na pahacAnA, premabhAva satya apriya evaM kaTu satya yA jhUTha na bolanA asteya corI na karanA, binA dI huI vastu na lenA, ImAnadArI brahmacarya (aNu) : patnI ke atirikta maithuna se viramaNa aparigraha : AvazyakatA se adhika saMgrahaNa na karanA 3. pratimA : tyAga ke Adarza caraNa, tyAga ke mAnasika saMkalpa ke caraNa 4. karmabaloM ke pratikAraka bala gupti : mana, vacana, kAya kI pravRttiyoM kA niyamana/saMrakSaNa samiti : sAvadhAnI daza dharma : samyaka karma/kartavya : dasa prakAra ke dharma anuprekSA : mAnasika ciMtanoM kI baarNbaartaa| ye bAraha anuprakSAyeM haiM :

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104 svAkhyAtattva : svakRta / svayaMkRta saMkalpita kaThinAiyoM (kSudhA, tRSAdi vAIsa) ke prati sahanazIlatA / kaSTa kI anubhUti na karanA / samyak cAritra : buddhisaMgata AcAra / tapa parISaha - jaya 5. dhyAna ArtadhyAna raudradhyAna dharma dhyAna zukla dhyAna : jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA anitya, azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azucitva, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, loka, bodhidurlabha evaM dharma 6. ratnatraya (tIna ratna) samyak - darzana samyak - jJAna samyak cAritra : : : hiMsAdi kAryoM para AnaMdAnubhUti kA cintana vastu svarUpa yA dharmoM para ekAgra cintana samAdhi, saguNa nirguNa dhyAna : : : citta ko ekonmukhI banAnA iSTa viyoga / aniSTa saMyoga ke prati cintana satya aMtardRSTi, buddhisaMgata vizvAsa / zraddhA buddhisaMgata jJAna, saccA jJAna buddhisaMgata AcAra / tapa / Atma-saMyama TippaNiyAM 1. pI. esa. jainI; peja 252-53 dharma dhyAna alpa samaya (48 minaTa taka ) ke liye nimna aneka viSayoM meM se eka ke viSaya meM gahana cintana ko samAhita karatA hai : (1) nau tattvoM ke viSaya meM jina bhagavAna ke upadezoM aura unheM kaise dUsaroM ko acchI taraha saMprasArita kiyA jAya (AjJA-vicaya) / (2) kaSAya aura ajJAna ke kAraNa pathabhraSTa evaM mana - bhraSTa prANiyoM ke duHkha aura usa duHkha se unheM kaise bacAyA jAya (apAya - vicaya) (3) karmoM ke Asrava, baMdha, sthiti evaM pariNAmoM kI rahasyAtmaka kriyAvidhi para vicAra tathA isa para vicAra ki AtmA maulika rUpa se ina prakriyAoM se mukta hai aura vaha ina prakriyAoM se svayaM ko mukta kara sakatA hai (vipAka - vicaya) ( 4 ) loka kI racanA tathA una kAraNoM para vicAra jinase AtmA vibhinna gatiyoM meM cakkara lagAtA hai ( saMsthAna - vicaya) /

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adhyAya 9 jaina tarkazAstra 9.1 viSaya praveza jainoM kA vizvAsa hai ki AtmA (jIva) jitanA hI zuddhatara hogA, utanA hI usake jJAna, darzana, sukha aura vIrya kA stara uccatara hogaa| kevala sarvajJa hI cha: dravyoM aura nau tattvoM ko sampUrNa yathArthatA ke sAtha jAna sakatA hai| isake viparyAsa meM, hamArA sAmAnya jJAna cAra anya prakAra ke jJAnoM ke mAdhyama se hotA hai : 1. matijJAna (iMdriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se utpanna jJAna) 2. zrutajJAna yA Agama (jo jJAna ke kSetra meM uccatama pramANa hai), 3. avadhijJAna (sImita jJAna) aura 4. manaHparyavajJAna (dUsaroM ke mana kI bAta jaannaa)| jaisI ki vijJAna meM mAnyatA hai, vyakti yA to apanI dhAraNAoM ko adhikArI vidvAnoM dvArA sthApita siddhAntoM ke AdhAra para mAna letA hai (jaisA hama sAmAnyataH karate haiM) athavA vaha pratyeka dhAraNA ko svayaM satyApita karatA hai (jo hama kabhI-kabhI hI aisA kara pAte haiN)| tathApi, kucha aise svIkArya siddhAnta avazya hone cAhiye jinake AdhAra para hama apanI jijJAsA zAMta kara sakate haiN| sAtha hI, sabhI prakaraNoM meM saMvardhana yA parivartana ke liye saMbhAvanA to rahatI hI hai| yahAM hama jaina tarkazAstra ke kucha pramukha siddhAntoM kA varNana kara rahe haiM jinase hameM una praznoM ke uttara mila sakate haiM jinake viSaya meM pUrNataH nizcita yA anizcita rUpa meM kucha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yahAM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki kaNa bhautikI se sambandhita vartamAna siddhAnta (adhyAya 10 dekhiye) isI prakAra ke siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| - jainoM ne jJAna aura jJAna-prApti ke vilakSaNa siddhAnta kA vikAsa kiyA hai| yaha eka jaTila viSaya hai, lekina yahAM hama ise saMkSepa meM hI vivecita kareMge (dekhiye TATiyA Adi ke dvArA anudita tattvArthasUtra ke adhyAya 1 aura 5, 1994) / vyApaka rUpa se, hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki isa viSaya meM tIna pramukha biMdu hote haiM : 1. pramANa (jJAna ke sAdhana, jJAna ke anumata sAdhana) 2. naya (AziMka dRSTikoNa, dArzanika dRSTikoNa) 3. anekAMtavAda (samagratA para AdhArita siddhaant)| isakI abhivyakti ke liye syAdvAda (sApekSa kathana) eka anivArya aMga hai|

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106 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA kisI bhI vastu ke viSaya meM jJAna kI prApti do prakriyAoM se hotI hai : 1. AMzika prakriyA (naya) 2. samagra prakriyA (prmaann)| samagra prakriyA ko pramANa (jJAna ke sAdhana) kahate haiN| yaha vidhi na kevala darzana evaM parIkSaNa kI prakriyA ko vizvasanIyatA pradAna karatI hai, apitu yaha mAnasika avabodhana kI prakriyA ko bhI vizvasanIyatA pradAna karatI hai| donoM - bhautika aura mAnasika prakriyAoM ke samAharaNa se yaha vidhi vastu kI samagratA ko pradarzita karatI hai| isake viparyAsa meM, AMzika prakriyA ko naya (yA sApekSa dRSTikoNa) kahate haiN| isa prakriyA meM vastu kA adhyayana kisI bhI samaya kisI vizeSa apekSA yA pakSa ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai| cUMki vastu ke aneka dharma yA pakSa hote haiM, phalataH naya bhI aneka ho sakate haiN| tathApi, isase vastu ke svarUpa kA samagra citra nahIM mila paataa| pramANa ke do bheda haiM : 1. pratyakSa aura 2. prokss| pratyakSa pramANa ke do bheda haiM -- 1. iMdriya pratyakSa aura 2. a-niMdriya pratyakSa / iMdriyajanya jJAna ke aMtargata smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka yA vyApti (saha-dharmitA yA avinAbhAva) aura anumAna ke prakrama samAhita hote haiN| yahAM yaha dhyAna dene kI bAta hai ki Age diye gaye vivaraNa meM paMcAvayava anumAna ke aMga haiN| jaina siddhAnta kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki avadhijJAna, manaHparyavajJAna aura kevalajJAna anidriya-pratyakSa jJAna haiN| jainoM ke pramukha Agama graMtha parokSa jJAna ke pramukha srota haiN| koI bhI pratyakSa jJAna, jo zabdoM dvArA vyakta kiyA jAya, jJAna kA parokSa srota hai| isa prakAra ke jJAna ke vizeSa vivaraNa ke liye tattvArthasUtra (anuvAda DA. TATiyA, DA. jainI Adi, peja 15) dekhiye| naya kisI bhI vastu ke kramika evaM sampUrNa adhyayana ke liye AdhAra kA kAma karate haiN| ye do prakAra se saMbhava haiM : 1. vastu ke guNoM ke AdhAra para aura 2. vastu ke guNoM ke viSaya meM zAbdika abhivyakti ke AdhAra pr| ye AdhAra vastu ke guNoM yA zAbdika abhivyaktiyoM ke samagra sAmAnya citra se prArambha hokara aMtima citra taka jAte haiN| isa AdhAra para jainadharma meM sAta naya batAye gaye haiM: 1. naigama naya (sAmAnya vyakti kA dRSTikoNa) 2. saMgraha naya 3. vyavahAra naya 4. RjusUtra naya (raikhika naya) 5. zabda naya 6. samabhirUr3ha naya (vyutpatti-janya) 7. evaMbhUta naya

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jaina tarkazAstra 107 inakI vyAkhyA samaya kI apekSA se kI jA sakatI hai| inameM pahalA naya (naigama naya) tInoM kAloM kI apekSA nidarzita kiyA jA sakatA hai jabaki RjusUtra naya vartamAna kSaNa ko hI nidarzita karatA hai| isake viparyAsa meM, evaMbhUta naya vartamAna kAla evaM vartamAna kSaNa ko nidarzita karatA hai| isa prakAra, nayoM ke viziSTa pakSoM kI apekSA jJAna sthUla koTi se prArambha hokara sUkSma koTi kI ora bar3hatA hai| aba hama tarkazAstra sambandhI kucha viziSTa siddhAntoM kA varNana kreNge| 9.2 anumAna ke pAMca avayava hama sabase pahale jainoM ke anumAna ke pAMca avayavoM para vicAra kregeN| jainoM kI madhyama 'paMcapadI' meM pAMca kathana yA pratijJAyeM hotI haiN| udAharaNArtha, 1. TaoNma kI mRtyu ho gaI, Dika kI mRtyu ho gaI aura hairI kI bhI mRtyu ho gii| 2. TaoNma, Dika aura hairI sacamuca meM sAmAnya jAti ke manuSya haiN| 3. sabhI sAmAnya jAti ke manuSya marate haiN| 4. jaoNna bhI eka manuSya hai| 5. ataH jaoNna kI bhI mRtyu hogii| isa madhyama paMcapadI ke aMtima tIna pada yA kathana, vAstava meM arastU ke anumAna kI tripadI ke samAna mAne jA sakate haiM, jisake anusAra, 1. manuSya maraNazIla hai| 2. jaoNna eka manuSya hai| 3. isaliye, jAna maraNazIla hai| madhyama anumAna-padI tarka kI AgamanAtmaka aura nigamanAtmaka vidhiyoM ke spaSTataH saMyoga ko pradarzita karatI haiN| vastutaH, ye vaijJAnika aura sAMkhyikI vicAradhArA ke caraNoM ko pratibiMbita karatI haiN| isake pahale do padoM ko AbAdI (janasaMkhyA) ke nirIkSaNa ke rUpa meM mAnA jA sakatA hai aura tIsarA pada nirIkSaNoM ke AdhAra para anumAna lagAne kI prakriyA ke samAna socA jA sakatA hai| isake aMtima do padoM ko eka naye nirIkSaNa kA pralamna (projekzana) mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra ke anumAna para AdhArita vaijJAnika vidhiyoM ke bhI mIla ke patthara haiM aura sabhI prakAra ke vaijJAnika anuprayogoM meM inheM ojhala nahIM karanA caahiye| vAstava meM, jisa paMcapadI ke pAMcoM avayava anyonya-rUpa se ekarUpatA meM hoM, vaha yathArtha mAnI jAtI hai| uparokta udAharaNa meM pAMca avayava nimna haiM :

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108 1. jaoNna kI mRtyu hogI, 2. kyoMki vaha manuSya hai, 3. jaise, TaoNma, Dika aura hairI, 4. cUMki unakI mRtyu huI, 5. ataH jaoNna kI bhI mRtyu hogI, jaba paMcapadI ke koI bhI avayava hamAre nirIkSaNa ke anurUpa nahIM hote, taba yaha paMcapadI AbhAsI kahalAtI hai| 9.3 sApekSavAda yA pAristhitika kathana kA siddhAnta yA syAdvAda jaina paramparA kA eka anya mahattvapUrNa kendrIya siddhAnta 'sApekSa kathana' kA siddhAnta hai jise 'syAdvAda' kahate haiN| isameM niSkarSa yA viSaya-vastu ko sAta nayoM ke AdhAra para parIkSita kiyA jAtA hai jise 'saptabhaMgI naya' kahate haiM / isa siddhAnta ke nAmakaraNa meM 'syAt' upasarga hotA hai jisakA artha hai 'apekSA vizeSa se' / isakA artha 'zAyada' (saMdeha aura anizcaya) ke rUpa meM nahIM hotaa| isake sAta naya nimna haiM: 1. yaha hai (eka naya kI apekSA); 2. yaha nahIM hai; 3. yaha hai aura yaha nahIM hai; 4. yaha avaktavya hai; - yaha hai aura avaktavya hai; 5. 6. yaha nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai; 7. yaha hai, yaha nahIM hai aura yaha avaktavya hai 1 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA yahAM yaha dhyAna dene kI bAta hai ki ina sabhI kathanoM meM anizcitatA kA kucha aMza hai aura isaliye inameM se pratyeka kathana ko 'naya' kaha sakate haiM, kyoki yaha kisI vastu ke eka pakSa ko prativiMbita karatA hai| yahAM kathana 1. yAtAyAta - sUcaka prakAza - dIpa samuccaya ke 'hare raMga ke rUpa meM mAnA jA sakatA hai / kathana 2 ko 'lAla' raMga ke rUpa meM mAnA jA sakatA hai| ina kathanoM kA viziSTa bindu kathana 4 hai jo avaktavyatva yA anirdhArakatva kI saMbhAvanA ko sUcita karatA hai| anya sabhI kathana 3, 5, 6 va 7, kathana 1 aura 2 ke sAtha kathana 4 ke samuccaya ko vyakta karate haiN| yahAM 'syAt zabda' kA 'zAyada' ke rUpa meM anuvAda nahIM hai| isakA sahI anuvAda 'eka naya yA apekSA se adhika upayukta hai| = 1. + = saMbhavataH, yaha hai (eka naya kI apekSA) 2. saMbhavataH, yaha nahIM hai 3. saMbhavataH, yaha hai aura yaha nahIM hai +=

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jaina tarkazAstra = 4. ? saMbhavataH, yaha avaktavya yA anizcita hai 5. saMbhavataH, yaha hai aura yaha avaktavya bhI hai 6. - ? = saMbhavataH, yaha nahIM hai aura yaha avaktavya bhI hai 7. deg ? = saMbhavataH, yaha hai aura yaha nahIM hai aura yaha avaktavya bhI hai citra 9.1 sAta ApekSika kathanoM kA yojanAbaddha nidarzana + ? = + = bhArI bar3e akSara; bar3e akSara ; ? Ter3e bar3e akSara isa prakAra, isa parIkSaNa ke AdhAra para hama guNAtmaka nirNaya para pahuMca sakate haiN| isakA yojanAbaddha nirUpaNa citra 9.1 meM kiyA gayA hai| hama yaha jAnate haiM ki pratyeka nirIkSaNa meM nirIkSaka samAhita hotA hai| uparyukta siddhAnta meM nirIkSaka ke binA jJAna prApta karane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai, lekina isameM thor3I bahuta truTi kI sImA samAhita rahatI hai / = koThArI (1975) ne batAyA hai ki kvAMTama yAMtrikI kA adhyAropaNa siddhAnta (supara- pojIzana priMsipala) syAdvAda kA eka nidarzaka udAharaNa prastuta karatA hai| mAna lIjiye ki kisI kvAMTama yAMtrika taMtra ke liye, Kets (a) |a' > and (b) |a" > kisI bhI nirIkSaNa avasthA, a kI Aijana - avasthAyeM haiN| sAtha hI, yaha bhI mAna lIjiye ki isa taMtra ke liye avaktavya avasthA ko (c) | P > = |> + la"| a' > ke dvArA pradarzita kiyA jAtA hai / phalataH citra 9.1 kI zabdAvalI meM, hama uparokta parimANoM ko nimna prakAra pahacAna sakate haiM: (a) by +, (b) by -, evaM (c) by = ?. bharUcA (1993) ne syAdvAda aura kvAMTama tarkazAstra kI 'satya sAraNI (Trutha Tebala) prastuta kI hai / mahalanobisa, (1954) ne syAdvAda ke sAta kathanoM ko sAMkhyakIya rUpa meM nimna rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai : 109 3c1 + 3 c2 9.4 sApekSa samagratA kA siddhAnta yA anekAMtavAda abhI hamane sApekSa kathanoM ke dvArA kisI prazna ke upa- aMgo yA vividha pakSoM ke nirIkSaNa kI vidhiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai| tathApi, yaha dhyAna meM + 33 - 7.

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110 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA rakhanA cAhiye ki samagra jJAna ko nyAya-vAkyoM (silogijama) ke bArambAra upayoga ke mAdhyama se saMyojita kiyA jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se pahale hama nimna udAharaNa para vicAra kreN| chaha aMdhe haiM jo hAthI ke viSaya meM sampUrNa jJAna karanA cAhate haiN| unameM se pratyeka aMdhA hAthI ke vibhinna aMgoM yA zarIra ke avayavoM kA sparza karatA hai (dekhiye citra 9.2) / jo aMdhA vyakti hAthI kA paira chUtA hai, vaha kahatA hai, "hAthI to eka staMbha yA khaMbhe ke samAna hai| jo vyakti sUMDa ko pakar3atA haiM, vaha kahatA hai, " hAthI to eka nalI ke samAna hai|" jo vyakti hAthI ke kAna ko pakar3atA hai, vaha kahatA hai, "hAthI to sUpa ke samAna hai" ityaadi| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki hAthI ke sambandha meM pratyeka aMdhe vyakti kA mata bhinna-bhinna hai| isaliye yadi hama hAthI ke viSaya meM samagra rUpa se jAnanA cAhate haiM, to hameM use sabhI ora se dekhanA caahiye| hAthI ke nidarzana ke saMdarbha meM pramANa, pratyakSa pramANa ke iMdriyajanya rUpa arthAt sparzana ke dvArA nirIkSaNa ke rUpa meM samAhita hotA hai| pratyeka aMdhe vyakti kA nirUpaNa naya kI koTi meM AtA hai| (yaha kahAnI pazcima jagata meM sarvaprathama je.jI. sAksa (1816-1877) kI kavitA ke mAdhyama se lokapriya huI pratIta hotI hai| maraDiyA (1991) ne isa kavitA ko pUrNataH uddhRta kiyA hai)| yaha kahAnI jainoM ke anekAMtavAda ke siddhAnta ko nidarzita karatI hai| aba hama ise eka vAstavika prakaraNa para lAgU kreN| hama nimna ApekSika kathanoM para vicAra kareM : 1. pRthvI gola ho sakatI hai| 2. pRthvI gola nahIM bhI ho sakatI hai| 3. pRthvI gola bhI ho sakatI hai aura nahIM bhI ho sakatI hai| 4. pRthvI kI AkRti avaktavya yA anizcita ho sakatI hai| 5. pRthvI gola ho sakatI hai aura isakI AkRti anizcita ho sakatI hai| 6. pRthvI gola nahIM ho sakatI hai aura isakI AkRti anizcita ho sakatI hai| 7. pRthvI gola ho bhI sakatI hai, gola nahIM bhI ho sakatI hai aura isakI AkRti anizcita ho sakatI hai| ina sAta kathanoM ke AdhAra para hama yaha niSkarSa prApta karate haiM ki vizvIya dRSTikoNa se pRthvI gola hai, lekina yaha sthAnIya yA kSetrIya dRSTikoNa se yaha gola nahIM hai| isI taraha ke niSkarSa hama maMgala aura zukra grahoM ke viSaya meM bhI prApta kara sakate haiN| isaliye ye niSkarSa sabhI grahoM para bhI lAgU ho sakate haiN|

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jaina tarkazAstra yaha eka supA yaha kevala eko rassI hai moTI nalA are, ye aneka stambha haiM He citra 9.2 jainoM ke samagratA siddhAnta kA nidarzana : hAthI aura chaha aMdhe (citra meM kevala pAMca dikhAye gaye haiM) 111

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112 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA uparokta paMcapadI (dekhiye, 9.2) ko ina grahoM ke samAna guNavAle kisI bhI naye graha para lAgU kara sakate haiN| isa sthiti me hama yaha niSkarSa nikAla sakate haiM ki yaha nayA graha vizvIya dRSTikoNa se gola hai, lekina kSetrIya dRSTi se gola nahIM hai| isa prakAra, hama pratyeka prakaraNa meM sApekSa samagratA yA anekAMtavAda ke siddhAMta para pahuMca jAte haiN| pratyeka vastu para anuprayukta sApekSa kathana mAlA ke ve manake haiM jo anekAMtavAda ke dhAgoM se eka-dUsare se guMthe hue haiN| 9.5 vivecana isa adhyAya meM hamane jaina tarkazAstra evaM darzana ke kevala alpAMza ko hI vivecita kiyA hai| yahAM yaha dhyAna dene kI bAta hai ki anekAMtavAda para AdhArita kathana pratyeka taMtra ke mukhya biMdu haiN| hai yaha siddhAnta tattvazAstrIya praznoM para bhI anuprayukta hotA hai| pratyeka drayaM ke tIna pakSa hote haiM : 1. dravyatva 2. guNa aura 3. pryaay| sAtha hI, kisI bhI aihika pakSa ke liye, pratyeka paristhiti meM cAra mahattvapUrNa kAraka hote haiM : 1. viziSTa vastu 2. viziSTa kSetra, 3. viziSTa samaya evaM 4. viziSTa avsthaa| anekAMtavAda kA siddhAMta kisI bhI vastu ko ina cAroM bahu-AyAmI pakSoM se dekhane kA prayatna karatA hai| vyAvahArika dRSTi se, isa siddhAnta kA nihitArtha yaha hai ki pratyeka vyakti ko ativAdI dRSTikoNa nahIM apanAnA cAhiye evaM saMkucita dRSTikoNa ke badale vyApaka dRSTikoNa se hI socanA caahiye| mATIlAla (1981) ne tarka-saMgata rIti se batAyA hai ki anekAMtavAda kA siddhAMta saMzleSaNa kA darzana hai| isakA sAra yaha hai ki vibhinna dArzanika taMtroM meM vidyamAna dhAraNAoM yA dRSTikoNoM ko vyApaka dRSTi se prastuta kiyA jaay| dArzanika vidhi-vidyA ke rUpa meM yaha do paMkhoM para ur3atA hai : 1. nayavAda kA siddhAnta evaM 2. sApekSa kathana siddhaant| sApekSa kathana siddhAnta ke parimANAtmaka adhyayana ko prerita karane ke liye hAlDena (1957) kA lekha dekhiye| isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki hama isa siddhAnta ko pAvalova ke zikSaNa sambandhI prayogoM meM kaise anuprayukta kara sakate haiM ? maraDiyA (1975, 1988) ne kucha anya pakSoM kA saMketa diyA hai jinameM kArla paoNpara (1968) aura jaina tarkazAstra ke sambandha bhI samAhita haiN| kArla paoNpara ne to yaha batAyA hai ki hama pUrNataH satya vaijJAnika niyamoM ko nahIM jAna skte| isa viSaya ke vistRta nirUpaNa ke liye, kRpayA TATiyA kI pustaka (1984) dekhiye| jaina paMcapadI ke liye, je. ela. jainI (1916) kI

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jaina tarkazAstra 113 pustaka dekhiye| jaina dRSTikoNoM para hama mahalanobisa (1954) ke nimna uddharaNa ke sAtha isa adhyAya kA samApana karate haiM : "aMta meM, maiM jaina darzana ke vAstavika aura bahatattvavAdI dRSTikoNoM ke prati ApakA dhyAna AkRSTa karanA cAhatA hUM, jahAM vastu-tattva ke bahurUpa aura anaMtataH vividha pakSoM para avirata mahattva diyA jAtA hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki vizva ke sambandha meM jainoM kA spaSTa dRSTikoNa hai jahAM niraMtara parivartanazIlatA evaM anveSaNazIlatA ke liye bahuta avasara hai|" nikSepa 9.6 pAribhASika zabdAvalI : anekAMtavAda : jainoM kA samagravAdI yA sApekSavAdI siddhAnta syAdvAda = sApekSa kathana siddhAnta nayavAda = vividha dRSTikoNoM kA siddhAnta pramANa = jJAna kI prApti ke aMga/vyApaka samyak-jJAna zabdoM ke artha yA Azaya ke AdhAra para vargIkaraNa saptabhaMgI naya = sapta-avayavI sApekSa kathana syAdasti = kisI apekSA se, yaha hai| syAnnAsti kisI apekSA se, yaha nahIM hai| syAdasti-nAsti = kisI apekSA se, yaha hai aura yaha nahIM bhI hai| syAdavaktavya = kisI apekSA se, yaha vacanagocara nahIM hai| syAdasti-avaktavya = kisI apekSA se yaha hai aura yaha avaktavya hai| syAnnAsti-avaktavya = kisI apekSA se yaha nahIM hai aura yaha avaktavya hai| syAdasti-nAsti-avaktavya = kisI apekSA se, yaha hai, yaha nahIM hai aura yaha avaktavya hai| syAt = kisI apekSA se avaktavya = avyAkhyeya, vacana se agocara jJAna jAnanA matijJAna anumAnita/Anubhavika iMdriya-mana-AdhArita jJAna zrutajJAna : zabda-yukta/maukhika yA Agamika jJAna avadhijJAna : sImita jJAna manaHparyava jJAna : manoM-vicAroM kA jJAna kevalajJAna : anaMta jJAna/sarvajJatA

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adhyAya 10 jaina dharma aura Adhunika vijJAna 10.1 anurUpatAyeM yA upamAyeM jaina dharma ko mAtra eka 'dharma' kahanA sahI nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha 'jIva aura ajIva vastuoM se vyApta samasta vizva kI vyAkhyA ke liye ekIkRta vaijJAnika AdhAra dene kA prayatna karatA hai| isa taraha, yaha eka samagra vijJAna hai jo dharma sahita sabhI vastuoM evaM ghaTanAoM ko samAhita karatA hai| isa yuga meM vijJAna ke mahattvapUrNa yogadAna aura usake samAnAMtara jaina-mAnyatAyeM Age dI jA rahI haiM (maraDiyA, 1988 b)| yahAM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki nIce diye gaye vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina vijJAna mukhyataH guNAtmaka hai| phira bhI, jaina vijJAna aneka prakaraNoM meM Adhunika vijJAna se bhI Age bar3ha jAtA hai, lekina unameM zAyada hI kabhI koI virodha pratIta hotA hai| (1) kaNa-bhautikI aura kvAMTama siddhAMta yaha kevala isI sadI kI bAta hai ki (yaMtra) praudyogikI meM itanI pragati huI hai jisake mAdhyama se paramANu-prakrama aura maulika/prAthamika kaNoM kA adhyayana kiyA jA sake aura unake viSaya meM jAnakArI kI jA ske| yahAM dhyAna dene yogya bAta yaha hai ki jainoM ne paramANu-sambandhI vicAro ko kArmana-kaNoM kI dhAraNA ke vikAsa ke mAdhyama se eka kadama Age bar3hAyA hai| yaha bAta vivAdagrasta ho sakatI hai ki ye kArmana kaNa haiM yA nahIM ? lekina yaha eka rocaka tathya hai ki svayaM-niyaMtrita jagata aura isameM vidyamAna jIvana kI vyAkhyA meM ye kaNa acchI taraha samAyojita hote haiN| kvAMTama siddhAMta to bahuta kucha prAyika yA saMbhAvanAtmaka hai| kucha prakaraNoM meM to yaha jainoM ke sApekSa kathanoM ke siddhAnta ke ati samIpa A jAtA hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 9) / yaha siddhAnta aMzataH eka saMbhAvanAtmaka siddhAnta hai jo vijJAna ke laghukaraNa-siddhAnta se sambandhita hai| jainoM kA anekAMtavAda kA siddhAnta isa siddhAnta kA pUraka hai (adhyAya 9 dekhiye)| vartamAna meM, vijJAna uparokta do siddhAntoM ke bIca parivartita ho rahA hai| tathApi, ye dAve bhI kiye jA rahe haiM ki vizva aise tattvoM se banA hai jinakA astitva AtmA (yA mAnava cetanA) para nirbhara nahIM krtaa| ye dAve kvATama siddhAMta ke virodha meM jAte haiM aura una tathyoM se bhI mela nahIM khAte jo prayogoM ke AdhAra para sthApita hue haiN| (dekhiye DI'. spaganeTa, 1979) / phira bhI, aise bhI prayatna kiye jA rahe haiM ki kvAMTama siddhAnta ke prAdarzoM meM cetanA kA ghaTaka bhI samAhita kiyA jA sake (dekhiye, jAna, 1982) / kvAMTama

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jainadharma aura Adhunika vijJAna 115 siddhAnta aura vAstavikatA kI prAraMbhika jAnakArI ke liye kRpayA gAmo (1965) aura gribina (1984) kI pustakoM kA adhyayana kiijiye| (2) vikAsavAda pUrvavartI sadI ke jIva vijJAna kI sabase mahAn saphalatAoM meM DArvina ke vikAsavAda kA siddhAnta bhI eka hai| yaha eka rocaka aura dhyAna dene yogya bAta hai ki pratyeka prANI apane kArmika ghanatva ke mAdhyama se vikAsavAda se bhI Age calA jAtA hai aura isa prakAra vaha sampUrNa sRSTi ko samAhita karatA hai| yaha siddhAnta jIvana ke vikAsa ke maulika prazna ke samAdhAna kA vyaktivAdI kriyAvidhi ke rUpa meM, prayatna karatA hai| tathApi, yahAM yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki vikAsavAda eka anutkramaNIya bhautika prakrama hai aura jainoM kA karma-AdhArita vikAsavAda eka utparivartanIya bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika prakrama hai| (3) padArtha aura UrjA kI vinimayazIlatA elabarTa AiMsTIna ke aneka krAMtikArI vicAroM meM eka yaha dAvA bhI thA ki padArtha UrjA meM aura UrjA padArtha meM vinimayita ho sakate haiM arthAt padArtha aura UrjA anyonya-vinimayI tattva haiN| unakA pramukha samIkaraNa nimna hai : UrjA = dravyamAna x prakAza-vega' jainoM meM yaha dhAraNA sadiyoM se calI A rahI hai| isa ghaTanA ke vivaraNa ke liye 'pudgala' zabda kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai (adhyAya 4 dekhiye)| sAtha hI, isa zabda meM yaha tathya spaSTa hai ki padArtha aura UrjA eka hI sikke ke do pahalU hai| jaisA hama jAnate haiM ki grIka bhASA meM isa ghaTanA ke vivaraNa ke liye koI zabda nahIM hai, aura isa prakAra vahAM isa prakAra kI vaijJAnika abhivyakti bhI nahIM hai| isa viSaya meM mAtra yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa gaMbhIra dhAraNA ke liye dravyamAna-UrjA zabda kA upayoga kiyA jaay| (4) mUlabhUta bala vartamAna meM vijJAna cAra mUlabhUta baloM ko mAnatA hai : 1. gurUtvIya 2. vidyuta-cumbakIya 3. durbala nyUklIya 4. prabala nyUklIya

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116 jainadharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA isa bAta ke prayatna kiye jA rahe haiM ki ina sabhI baloM ko kevala eka 'mahAbala' ke rUpa meM laghukRta kiyA jaaye| isa dRSTi se jainoM ke karma-bala yA prANa-saMcAraNa bala kI dhAraNA mahattvapUrNa hai jise eka atirikta bala ke rUpa meM mAnanA cAhiye jo mana para padArtha ke prabhAva ke samAna aneka a-bhautika ghaTanAoM kI vyAkhyA kara sakatA hai| isake viSaya meM adhika adhyayana kI AvazyakatA hai| yadi isa prakAra ke karma-baloM kA astitva hai, to isa bala ke ghaTaka kaNa kArmana hoMge jinake guNa ati sUkSma haiM, kyoMki ve pratyeka sajIva dravya meM avazoSita ho jAte haiN| isI kAraNa unakI pahacAna bahuta kaThina ho jAtI hai| cauthe adhyAya me hamane batAyA hai ki gati aura sthiti mAdhyama ke rUpa meM mAnya jainoM ke do dravya-dharma aura adharma-dravya gatizIla evaM sthira bala ke rUpa meM mAne jA sakate haiM jo AtmA aura padArtha meM yA unake bIca anyonyakriyA (asamAnagati) aura sAmya (samAna gati meM ?) kI vyAkhyA karate haiN| yaha uparokta mahAbala kI dhAraNA kA guNAtmaka rUpa ho sakatA hai| jI. Ara. jaina (1975) ne dharma dravya ko abhautika AkAzIya Ithara aura adharma dravya ko gurUtvIya evaM vidyuta-cumbakIya bala ke ekIkRta bala ke rUpa meM batAyA hai| __ Age ke khaMDoM meM hama inhIM baloM ke viSaya meM vistRta vivecana kreNgeN| 10.2 Adhunika kaNa-bhautikI yaha sujJAta hai ki unnIsavIM sadI ke aMta meM je. je. thaoNmasana ne ilekTraoNna kI khoja kI thii| isase rAsAyanika tattvoM ke anya laghutara ghaTakoM-paramANuoM ke viSaya meM anveSaNa kI preraNA milii| yaha lagabhaga 1910 ke AsapAsa kI bAta hai ki radaraphorDa aura usake sAthiyoM ne sarvaprathama yaha batAyA ki paramANuoM me ilekTrAna aura nyUkliyasa (kendraka) hote haiN| nyUkliyasa meM nyUTraoNna (udAsIna) aura proTaoNna (dhanAviSTa) kaNa hote haiM jinheM saMyukta rUpa se nyUklioNna kahate haiN| yaha sujJAta hai ki ilekTraoNna RNAvezita kaNa hai (Aveza = -1) aura nyUTraoNna anAvezita kaNa hai arthAta vaidyuta dRSTi se ve udAsIna haiN| kisI bhI rAsAyanika tattva ke paramANu kI saMracanA kA saralatama udAharaNa hAiDrojana paramANu prastuta karatA hai| tathApi, isake samasthAnikoM meM eka yA do nyUTraoNna ho sakate haiM, para isa kAraNa isake rAsAyanika guNoM meM koI parivartana nahIM hotA hai| rAsAyanika sthAyitva ke liye ilekTraoNna aura proTAnoM kI saMkhyA sadaiva barAbara honI caahiye| 1970 ke dazaka ke prArambha meM, paramANa saMracanA ke sambandha meM prabala parivartana huA (citra 10.1 dekhiye)| phalataH bhautika kaNoM ke tIna varga mAne jAte haiM :

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jainadharma aura Adhunika vijJAna 117 kvArka, lepTaoNna aura gaoNja bosaoNna inameM bosaoNna kaNa kvArka aura lepTaoNna ke bIca saresa kA kAma karate haiN| kvArka aura lepTaoNna eka-dUsare se bhinna hote haiM kyoMki kvArkoM meM bhinnAtmaka Aveza arthAt 2/3, 1/3, -1/3 aura -2/3 - hotA hai aura lepTaoNna meM zUnya yA -1 kA pUrNAMkI Aveza hotA hai| bosaoNna kaNa ina donoM kaNoM se bhinna hote haiM kyoMki kvArka aura lepTaoNna kA cakraNa hotA hai, jabaki bosaoNna kA cakraNa 1 hotA hai| ilekTraoNna lepTaoNna kA eka udAharaNa hai jisakA Aveza -1 hotA hai| isake viparyAsa meM, nyUTrino kaNa lepTaoNna kA eka anya udAharaNa hai jisakA Aveza zUnya hotA hai| kvArka do yA tIna kaNoM ke gucchaka ke rUpa meM rahate haiN| proTAna meM tIna kvArka kaNa pAye jAte haiN| jina vargoM meM tIna kvArka pAye jAte haiM, unheM berioNna kahate haiM aura jina vargoM meM kucha viziSTa saMgata paristhitiyoM meM do kvArka pAye jAte haiM, unheM mIsaoNna kahate haiN| mIsaoNnoM meM eka kvArka tathA eka prati-kvArka bhI ho sakatA hai| mIsaoNna kA saralatama udAharaNa dhanAvezita pAyona hai, jisameM eka kvArka tathA eka prati-kvArka hotA hai| yahAM yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki ilekTraoNna ke samAna hI, kvArka pUrNa biMdu ke rUpa meM mAne jAte haiM jinakI koI vizeSa racanA nahIM hotii| vidyutacumbakIya bala - ilekTraoNna paramANavika kendraka yA nyUkliyasa (citra 10.1 ba dekhiye) citra 10.1 (a) hAiDrojana paramANu jisameM eka ilekTraoNna hai, eka nyUkliyasa hai aura prabala nyUklIya bala hai|

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118 jainadharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA vibhinna maulika kaNoM ko vibhedita karane ke liye nimna guNa kAma Ate haiM : 1. Aveza yA anAveza (varNa) 2. dravyamAna 3. cakraNa (prAkRtika yA sahaja koNIya Avega) 4. AyuSya 5. bala (cAra prakAra ke, dekhiye, khaMDa 10.3) yahAM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki berioNna kA dravyamAna maulika kvArka yugma prabala bala mIsaoNna proTAna nyUTrAna citra 10.1 (ba) hAiDrojana paramANu ke ava-paramANuka kaNa : nyUTraoNna, aura apane mIsaoNna aura kvArka ke sAtha proTaoNna kaNoM meM sarvAdhika hai jabaki lepTaoNnoM kA dravyamAna alpatama hai| isake viparyAsa meM, bosaoNnoM kA dravyamAna inakA madhyavartI hotA hai| kvArka meM cha: rasa tathA tIna varNa hote haiN| yaha varNa aura rasa kA vivaraNa kevala pratIkAtmaka hI hai| uparokta chaha rasoM meM sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa hai u (up) aura d (down) jo kvArka ke sarvAdhika halke yugala meM pAye jAte haiN| yadi 'u' apa-kvArka kA pratIka hai aura 'd DAuna kvArka kA pratIka hai, to kisI bhI prati-kaNa ke liye anurUpI saMketa "" yA "d" hogaa| isa prakAra, eka dhanAvezita pAyona yA to ud hogA yA ud hogaa| kvArka meM pAye jAne vAle tIna varNa nimna haiM: lAla, harA aura niilaa| ina tInoM ko 'vaidyuta varNa kahate haiN|

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jainadharma aura Adhunika vijJAna 119 10.3. prakRti meM vidyamAna cAra bala prakRti meM vidyamAna cAra mUlabhUta bala nimna haiM : 1. gurutvIya bala 2. vidyut-cumbakIya bala 3. durbala nyUklIya bala 4. prabala nyUklIya bala ye sabhI bala gaoNja bosaoNnoM ke mAdhyama se apanA kArya karate haiN| vibhinna kaNa gaoNja bosaoNnoM ke mAdhyama se usI prakAra anyonya-kriyA karateM haiM. jaiseM do skeTaroM (barpha para khelane kA khela) ke bIca hima-kaMduka (barpha kI geMda) kA vinimaya hotA hai| udAharaNArtha, kinhI bhI do ilekTraoNnoM (skeTaroM) ke liye, phoTAna (hima-kaMduka) eka ilekTraoNna ko yaha batAtA hai ki dUsarA ilekTrAna kahAM hai aura phira use anukriyA ke liye prerita karatA hai| yaha vidyuta-cumbakIya bala hai (citra 10.2 a dekhiye)| jaba do skeTaroM, (mAna lIjiye ki ve a aura ba haiM, citra 10.2 ba) meM se eka a dUsare skeTara ba kI ora hima-kaMduka (phoTAna) utsarjita karatA hai aura svayaM pratikSipta (durbala nyUklIya bala) ho jAtA hai| taba hima-kaMduka vicchedita hotA hai yA avazoSita hotA hai| ye sabhI phenamaina ke rekhAcitra kahalAte haiN| bahirgAmI ilekTraoNna bahirgAmI ilekTraoNna phoTaoNna aMtargAmI ilekTraoNna aMtargAmI ilekTraoNna citra 10.2 a do ilekTraoNna evaM unake kramika patha : vidyuta cumbakIya bala gaoNja bosaoNna 'phoTaoNna' ke saath| (TeDhI-mer3hI rekhA) yahAM yaha smaraNa rakhanA ki paramANuoM ke nyUkliyasa meM proTaoNna aura nyUTraoNna ke bIca kAryakArI bala prabala nyUklIya bala hai (dekhiye, citra 10.1) / yaha prabala nyUklIya bala raMgIna gluoNnoM ke mAdhyama se berioNna ke madhya kAryakArI hotA hai (citra 10.3 dekhiyeN)| ye berioNna kaNa isa prabala bala kA anubhava karate haiM jabaki lepTaoNna isa bala kA anubhava nahIM karate, kyoMki unameM koI varNa hI nahIM hotaa| zaktizAlI kvArka gluoNnoM ko vikisita karate haiM aura jaise hI ve visarjita hote haiM, unheM apanA varNa udAsIna karanA hotA hai| isa kArya ko ve anya dRzya kaNoM, mukhyataH mIsAnoM ke mAdhyama se

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120 jainadharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA apanI UrjA meM parivartita kara karate haiN| reDiyo - dharmitA ke guNa meM durbala nyUklIya bala samAhita hotA hai| yahAM kramazaH vidyuta Avezita evaM udAsIna kaNoM ke liye, kaNa Z aura (W,W) durbala nyUklIya bala ke gaoNja bosaoNna hai ( dekhiye, citra 10.4 ) / gurutvIya bala (dekhiye citra 10.5) sabhI baloM meM durbalatama hotA hai| yaha padArtha ke piMDa ko eka sAtha banAye rakhatA hai lekina kaNoM ke dvArA gurutva yA greviTaoNna saMcAraNa ke lie sAkSya atyaMta hI sImita hotA hai / ke skeTara a skeTara a skeTara ba citra 10.2 ba : hima - kaMduka kA vinimaya karate hue do skeTara lA. hima kaMdUka nI. skeTara ba gluoNna ha. citra 10.3 apane kvArkoM ke sAtha berioNna ( vRttoM meM lAla -lA; harA - ha.., nIlA - nI.) aura gaoNja bosaoNnoM - gluoNnoM (TeDhI-meDhI rekhAyeM ) ke sAtha prabala nyUklIya bala ina cAra prAkRtika baloM kI sUcI meM hama karma-bala ko bhI jor3a sakate haiN| karma-kSetra bhI abhautika prabhAvakArI kSetra hote haiM jo AkAza-vyApI

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jainadharma aura Adhunika vijJAna 121 hote haiM aura kAla kI dRSTi se avirata rahate haiN| lekina ye kSetra jIva aura ajIva arthAt AtmA aura kArmana ke bIca anyonya-kriyA ko anumati dete haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki karma baloM ke saMcAlana ke liye AtmA aura kArmana ke bIca anyonyakriyA ke liye bosaoNna kI taraha kAma karane vAle kaNa 'kaSAya' haiM (jo kArmika vikiraNa ke eka rUpa haiN)| ye kaSAyeM hI karma-baMdha karAtI haiN| inake viparyAsa meM, no-kaSAyoM (bala-kavaca) kI upasthiti meM kevala kArmana-vikiraNa (citra 10.6 dekhiye) hotA hai, karma-baMdha nhiiN| hama ina do prakAra ke bosaoNnoM ko kramaza: 'paisiono aura 'e-paisiono' kaha sakate haiN| eka dUsare stara para (esa. ke. jaina kA lekha, 1980), mRtyu ke samaya vidyuta cumbakIya prakRti kI taraMgoM ke rUpa meM utsarjita UrjA ke rUpa meM mukta tejobala' (taijasa saMpuTa), saMbhavataH punarjanma ke cakroM kI vyAkhyA kara ske| isa prakAra, yaha tatkAla hI sudUra gamana kara sakatA hai aura viziSTa saMketoM proTaoNna ilekTraoNna nyUTraoNna phoTaoNna W / W nyUTraoNna (ba) phoTaoNna phoTaoNna proTaoNna (a) ilekTraoNna citra 10.4 durbala bala : (a) nyUTraoNna aura phoTaoNna W' ko vinimaya karate hue; (ba) proTaoNna aura ilekTraoNna W ko vinimaya karate hue mmu Error! greviTaoNna ma citra 10.5 do mIsaoNnoM (my,m2) ke bIca gurutvIya bala aura greviTaoNna

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122 jainadharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA yA karma-zarIra ko sAtha meM le jA sakatA hai| udAharaNArtha, kArmika zarIra (jAyagoTa, yugmanaja nava-garbhita) mAtA-pitA kI do kozikAoM ke saMyoga se utpanna sarvaprathama kozikA hai| isase saMbaddha aura vyApta karma-zarIra pheromonoM (pazuoM dvArA utpAdita vyaktigata lakSaNoM ke dhAraka rAsAyanika ghaTaka) Adi ko vAhita kara sakatA hai| yugmanajoM dvArA gRhIta UrjA DI.ena.e (jIvana kA vaMzAnugata kUTa) meM pUrva nirdhArita parivartanoM ko prerita kara sakatI hai| isa viSaya ke liye aura bhI gaMbhIra adhyayana kI AvazyakatA hai| isa vivaraNa kA saMkSepaNa nimna hai : __karma bala AtmA + kArmana kaSAya saresa - saMsArI jIva AtmA kArmana / e-paisiono AtmA kArmana citra 10.6 bosaoNna ke rUpa meM kAryakArI 'e-paisiono' ke sAtha kArmika bala 10.4 kucha aura upamAyeM jI. Ara. jaina (1975) aura javerI (1975) ne jaina aura Adhunika kaNa-bhautikI ke madhya aneka samAnatAyeM batAI haiN| jainoM ke dvArA prastAvita paramANuoM (carama kaNoM ) ke pAMca pramukha guNoM ko vartamAna bhautikI ke nimna guNoM ke samatulya mAnA jA sakatA hai, yadyapi yaha tulanA kiJcit svaicchika hI hogI :

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jainadharma aura Adhunika vijJAna pAMca varNa 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. pAMca rasa do gaMdha ATha sparza carama kaNa do prakAra ke hote haiM : 123 kvArka ke tIna Aveza varNa + sapheda aura kAle varNa ke rUpa meM RNAtmaka va dhanAtmaka- do Aveza lepTaoNna aura kvArka ke rasa, (kvArka kA chaThavAM rasa abhI taka pahicAnA nahI jA sakA ) / cakraNa 1 aura 2 1. sparza - gocaratA - gaoNja bosaoNna; jI. Ara. jaina isa guNa ko RNa evaM dhana AvezoM ke rUpa meM abhijJAta karate haiN| 2. tApamAna : vikiraNa 3. iMdriya yA sparza - gocaratA kI tIvratA UrjA stara ( paramANuoM ke saMyoga ke niyama khaMDa 45 meM diye gaye haiN| ye niyama pAulI ke apavarjana niyama ke samAna haiM / ) kArya paramANu aura kAraNa paramANu = kaNa aura pratikaNa (jI. Ara. jaina ina kaNoM ko kramazaH ilekTraoNna aura pojiTraoNna kaNoM ke rUpa meM abhijJAta karate haiM / isa sambandha meM kucha anya samIkSAyeM nimna haiM: 1. kucha prakaraNoM meM carama kaNa (paramANu) kA kaNikA ke rUpa meM vyavahAra karate haiM aura kucha prakaraNoM meM UrjA (taraMga) ke rUpa meM / 2. carama kaNoM kI gati aura avasthA se sambandhita guNa prAyika hote haiM aura hAisenavarga ke anizcAyakatA ke siddhAnta ko pratibimbita karate haiN| 3. carama kaNoM ko gatimAna avasthA meM na to koI bAdhita kara sakatA hai aura na hI unakI gati avaruddha ho sakatI hai| yaha niyama unake skaMdha rUpa meM hone para lAgU nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra carama kaNa nyUTrino (yA saMbhavataH TekiyaoNna) ke samAna hotA hai jinakI gati phoTAna se adhika hotI hai I uparokta cAra prAkRtika baloM ke anurUpa cAra prakAra ke kSetroM ke atirikta zailDreka (1981) ne AkRtigata anunAda ke anurUpa 'AkRtika kSetra (morphika phIlDa) kA siddhAnta bhI prastAvita kiyA hai| jaina vijJAna karma - kSetra para vizvAsa karatA hai| isameM kAla aura AkAza ke cAra sAmAnya AyAma haiM / lekina kucha navIna sApekSatAvAda ke

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jainadharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA siddhAntoM meM dravyamAna kA pA~cavA~ AyAma bhI Avazyaka mAnA jAtA hai| yahA~ yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki jainoM ke 'pradeza' yA 'AkAza-- pradeza' kI paribhASA ke aMtargata ise eka biMdu mAnA jAtA hai jisakA AyAma hotA hai, cAhe vaha kitanA hI alpa kyoM na ho| yahI nahIM, vizva meM pAye jAne vAle samasta carama kaNa isa biMdu meM adhiSThita ho sakate haiN| (dekhiyeM, bAzama, 1953 peja 77-78) / isa prakAra jainoM ke siddhAnta meM vRhat - dhamAkA (biga beMga siddhAnta) kA saMketa milatA hai| isake atirikta, bAzama (bAzama, 1953 peja 78) eka gAthA uddhRta karate haiM jisakA Azaya nimna hai : "AyAmIya biMduoM " kA saMkula samatalIya hai jabaki una biMduoM kA saMkula UrdhvAdhara hotA hai jinakA kArya samaya ke AdhAra para lakSaNita kiyA jAtA hai / " isa prakAra kAla cauthA AyAma hai | 124 Adhunika bhautikI ke vartamAna vidvAnoM meM sTIphena haoNkiMga kA nAma pramukha hai| unhoMne isa mata ko tarka para AdhArita batAyA hai ki 1. vizva kA na to Adi hai aura na aMta haiM, (dekhiye, haoNkiMga 1988 peja 116 ) / unakA yaha mata adhyAya 6.4 meM varNita jaina vizva - cakroM ke AdhAra kA saMketa detA hai| sAtha hI, unakA vizva kI sImitatA kA dAvA bhI jainoM kI vizva-sambandhI dhAraNA meM nihita hai / kRSNa vivara ( bleka hola) kI dhAraNA, khaMDa 4.4 meM sAMketika mokSa kI dhAraNA se samAnatA pradarzita karatI hai| adhiSThita aura anadhiSThata AkAza (lokAkAza aura alokAkAza) kI sImAyeM bhI ghaTanA - kSetra ( iMveMTa horAijana ) se sAmya rakhatI haiM jo kRSNa vivara kI sImA ke liye prayukta hotA hai (dekhiye, haoNkiMga 1988 peja 89 ) / phira bhI, koI kRSNa vivara meM jAne kI apekSA mokSa jAnA adhika pasaMda karegA | jaina vijJAna meM vicAroM ko bhI kaNikAmaya mAnA gayA hai| 10.5 upasaMhArI TippaNI Adhunika vijJAna isa samaya eka kiNvana kI avasthA meM cala rahA hai aura sadaiva padArtha aura kSetra se sambandhita bilkula navIna dhAraNAyeM sAmane A rahI haiN| jina pAThakoM ko 'vijJAna aura dharma' se sambandhita viSayoM meM ruci hai, unheM Devisa (1983) aura khurzIda (1987) kA lekha paDhanA cAhiye / hama isa samaya AiMsTIna (1940,1941 ) ke kucha matoM ko apane upasaMhAra meM denA cAhate haiM / sarvaprathama, unakI dharma-sambandhI dhAraNA jaina mata ke lagabhaga samAna hI hai : 9.

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jainadharma aura Adhunika vijJAna 125 "koI vyakti, jo dhArmika dRSTi se prabuddha hai, mujhe aisA lagatA hai jaise usane apanI uttama yogyatA se svayaM ko apanI svArthI AkAMkSAoM kI beDiyoM se mukta kara liyA ho|" unakA vijJAna aura dharma ke prati dRSTikoNa bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai (AiMsTIna, 1940,1941) "isa bAta kI saMbhAvanA meM vizvAsa utpanna hotA hai ki apane astitva ke saMsAra ke liye mAnya niyama tarka saMgata haiN| ye niyama tarka ke dvArA samajhe jA sakate haiN| maiM usa vyakti ko yathArtha vaijJAnika nahIM mAna sakatA jise isa para gahana vizvAsa na ho| isa sthiti ko nimna rUpa meM vyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai : "dharma ke binA vijJAna paMgu hai : vijJAna ke binA dharma aMdhA hai|"

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upasaMhAra isa pustaka ke prathama saMskaraNa ke bAda lekhaka ko isa pustaka kI viSaya-vastu ke sambandha meM aneka sAmAnya aura vizeSa saMgoSThiyoM meM bhAga lene kA avasara milA hai| ina vyAkhyAnoM ne mujhe yaha avasara pradAna kiyA ki isa pustaka meM prastuta mukhya dhAraNAoM ko eka ekala saMgoSThI meM prastuta karane kA AdhAra banAyA jaay| isake anurUpa hI yahAM hama isakA sAra mAtra (maraDiyA, 1991) de rahe haiM jo nayI pIr3hI ke liye, vizeSataH, upayogI hogaa| apane jJAna ke saMvardhana ke liye sadya:-prakAzita pustakoM - ela. ema. siMghavI (1991), atula zAha (1990) aura mAikela TobAyAsa (1991)- ko par3hane ke liye merI anuzaMsA hogii| 1. kArmana kaNa aura karmoM kA vyaktigata kaMpyUTara (saMgaNaka) AinsTIna ne kahA hai, " vijJAna ke binA dharma aMdhA hai aura dharma ke binA vijJAna paMgu hai" __ isa dRSTi se jainadharma dharma hone ke sAtha vijJAna bhI hai| jainadharma kA pratyeka pakSa vizva aura usameM vidyamAna jIva aura ajIva vastuoM ke parijJAna para AdhArita hai| Adhunika vijJAna satya ke aMza kA prakAzana karatA hai| yaha padArtha ko baloM aura laghutara kaNoM ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita karatA hai| ilekTraoNnoM ke mAdhyama se vidyuta hamAre nivAsa kakSa ko prakAzita karatI hai, vidyuta cumbakIya baloM ke mAdhyama se reDiyo taraMgeM lAuDaspIkara kI dhvani ko utpanna karatI hai| aise anya aneka udAharaNa diye jA sakate haiN| jainadharma bhI aise hI adRzya laghutara kaNoM aura AtmA kI anyonyakriyA ke mAdhyama se jIvana ko vyAkhyAyita karatA hai| jainoM ke laghutara kaNa karma-kaNa yA kArmana-kaNa (aise kaNa jinameM karma-rUpa dhAraNa karane kI kSamatA hotI hai) haiN| ye karma karma-bala kA nirmANa karate haiN| hama apanI vibhinna prakAra kI kriyAoM dvArA ina kArmana-kaNoM kA niraMtara avazoSaNa (Asrava) karate rahate haiM aura inameM se kucha ko unake prabhAva ke saMpanna hone ke bAda nirgamita karate rahate haiN| isa prakAra, AtmA ke sAtha eka kArmika kaMpyUTara lagA huA hai| yaha vyaktigata kArmika kaMpyUTara karmoM ke avazoSaNa evaM nirgamana kA sArA abhilekha rakhatA hai| yahI nahIM, yaha pUrvajanma ke samAna purAne abhilekhoM ke AdhAra para kucha kartavya aura dizAoM kA bhI nirdezana karatA hai| udAharaNArtha, Apake kArmika kaMpyUTara meM Apako isa pustaka ke par3hane kA saMdeza hai yA jainadharma ke viSaya meM socane-vicArane kA saMdeza hai| yaha eka acchI kriyA hai, phalataH AtmA sakArAtmaka kArmanoM yA zubha karmoM kA avazoSaNa karatA hai| ina

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upasaMhAra zubha karmoM se puNyodaya hotA hai| yahI nahIM, sakArAtmaka kArmanoM kA avazoSaNa nakArAtmaka kArmana - avazoSaNoM (ke prabhAva ko) ko kama karatA hai, phalataH, saMsArI AtmA kI zuddhi baDha jAtI hai| isa prakAra karma pudgala aura AtmA eka nyUklIya abhikAraka kI koTi kA kArmika abhikAraka banAte haiM aura isase utsarjita prabala UrjA AtmA ke zuddhikaraNa kI prakriyA ke samAna hai 127 abhikriyA nyUkliyasa + nyUkliyasa - vidyuta kI UrjA - AtmA kI zuddhi AtmA + karma UrjA ina kriyAoM ko nirUpita karane ke liye jaina dharma meM baMdha ( karma - baMdha), Asrava (karma- bala avazoSaNa) Adi zabda prayukta kiye gaye haiM / jisa prakAra Adhunika bhautikI kA AdhAra vibhinna prakAra ke bala haiM, usI prakAra jainadharma kA AdhAra bhI karma - ba -bala hai| jisa prakAra Adhunika vijJAna padArtha aura UrjA kI anyonya- parivartanIyatA meM vizvAsa karatA hai, usI prakAra karma - pudgala aura AtmA ke bIca bhI kriyA-pratikriyA hotI hai| isa dravyamAna aura UrjA kI samakakSatA ke liye jainoM ne pudgala zabda (pud - saMyojana, gala - viyojana) kA upayoga kiyA hai| Adhunika vijJAna meM isa prakAra kI dhAraNA ke liye aisA koI zabda nahIM hai, kyoki Adhunika vijJAna kI zabdAvalI yUnAnI yA leTina bhASA se udgamita hai / 2. karma-baMdha aura zAkAhAra hamArA lakSya ina kArmana kaNoM ke antargrahaNa kI mAtrA ko alpIkRta karanA hai / yaha eka mahattvapUrNa kAraNa hai jisase zAkAhAra jaina - jIvana kA eka anivArya aMga banA hai| jaina loga pyAja vagairaha (kaMdamUla) nahIM khAte, para ve bhUmi para utpanna hone vAle seva-jaise phala Adi khAte haiN| Apa isa pravRtti kA kAraNa samajhane para Azcaryacakita ho jaayeNgeN| jainoM dvArA yaha kAraNa diyA jAtA hai ki seva kI tulanA meM pyAja meM jIvana kI ikAiyAM adhika hotI haiN| seva ke eka per3a se aneka seva prApta hote haiM, lekina eka pyAja se kevala eka hI pyAja milatA hai| isa prakAra pyAja meM seva kI apekSA jIvana kI ikAiyAM adhika hotI haiM / phalataH, pyAja ke khAne se, sevoM kI tulanA meM, adhika kArmanoM kA aMtargrahaNa hotA hai| isa dhAraNA ko anya khAdyoM para bhI lAgU kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra, jaina loga ati kaThoratA se zAkAhAra kA pAlana karate haiM / ve loga mAMsa, machalI aura aMDe bhI nahIM khaate| ve apane ko anna, bhUmi para uganevAlI zAkeM evaM dugdha utpAdoM taka hI sImita rakhate haiN|

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128 3. kArmana - kaNa aura jJAna kA AvaraNa apane vicAroM meM buddhi-saMgatatA lAne ke liye hameM jaina tarkazAstra kI parakha karanI caahiye| jaina sApekSa kathana (syAdvAda) ke siddhAnta meM vizvAsa karatA hai, jisase pratyeka vastu - svarUpa viziSTa samaya para hone vAle hamAre jJAna para AdhArita hotA hai aura jaba taka AtmA 'pUrNatA ko prApta nahIM hotA' arthAt usameM jainatva kA guNa pUrNataH vikasita nahIM hotA, hamArA jJAna yathArtha nahIM hotaa| karma - pudgaloM se saMbaddha AtmA peTrola kI tulanA meM apariSkRta kacce tela ke samAna hai| yaha kaccA tela jitanA pariSkRta hogA, AtmA kI zuddhi aura sAmarthya bhI utanA hI adhika hogA / jainadharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA jainadharma meM vicAroM meM anekAMtavAda ke anusaraNa kI anuzaMsA kI gaI hai / yaha siddhAnta vaijJAnika anveSaNa meM bhI spaSTataH prayukta hotA hai| udAharaNArtha, kucha samaya pUrva laghutama kaNa proTaoNna thA, lekina Aja yaha kvArka hai, ityAdi / isake sAtha hI, jaina tarkazAstra yaha bhI batalAtA hai ki hameM apane vicAroM meM anekAMtavAda ke samagra siddhAnta ke AdhAra para sApekSavAdI honA cAhiye / isa dRSTi se pUrva meM diye gaye cha: aMdhe aura hAthI kA udAharaNa dhyAna meM diijiye| jo vyakti hAthI kI pUMcha ko chUtA hai, vaha hAthI ko rassI ke samAna kahatA hai / hAthI ke paira chUnevAlA use eka khaMbhe ke samAna kahatA hai / isa prakAra jo jaisA anubhava karatA hai, vaha vaisA hI batAtA hai| vastutaH, vyakti ko yaha cAhiye ki vaha jIvana aura padArtha ke sabhI pakSoM kI ora dekhe / hAthI aura aMdhe kI isa kahAnI ko je. jI. sAksa ( 1816 - 77 ) ne apanI eka kavitA ke mAdhyama se pazcima meM lokapriyatA pradAna kI thii| 4. (saMsArI) AtmA ke zuddhikaraNa kA mArga saMkSepa meM, jaina dharma ke anusAra, kAla, AkAza, jIva aura ajIva (pudgala) dravya sadaiva vartamAna rahate haiM aura sadaiva rheNgeN| isI prakAra vizva svacAlita evaM sva-niyaMtrita hai| jaba taka kArmana pUrNataH nirjharita na ho jAye, jIvana mukhyataH kArmanoM se hI niyaMtrita hotA hai| ye kArmana kaise nirjharita ho sakate haiM ? isake liye hI AtmA ke zuddhikaraNa kA mArga nirdezita kiyA gayA hai / yaha mArga sarala nahIM hai, kyoki jaina dharma yaha vizvAsa karatA hai ki AtmA ke sAtha saMlagna karma - pudgala (samaya ke pUrva ) kevala tapasyA se hI nirjharita hote haiM, anyathA, vyaktigata kArmika kaMpyUTara apanA kAma karatA hI rhegaa| yaha Asakti kI tulanA meM Atma-saMyama kA mArga nirdezita karatA hai / jaba AinsTIna ne dharma ke sambandha meM apanI dhAraNA paribhASita kI, taba usane kahA :

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upasaMhAra 129 __ "jo vyakti dhArmika dRSTi se prabuddha hotA hai, vaha, mujhe aisA lagatA hai, jaise usane apanI yogyatAnusAra svayaM ko svArtha-prerita AkAMkSAoM kI ber3iyoM se mukta kara liyA haiN|" __ vAstava meM yaha jainadharma kI hI paribhASA hai| 5. Atma-saMyama evaM paryAvaraNa kI samasyAyeM Atma-zodhana sambandhI nirdezoM meM saMtulita jIvana jIne kA prayatna karanA aura kucha sImA taka vratoM (viratiyoM) aura tapasyAoM kA abhyAsa karanA samAhita hai jisase vyakti, vizva aura usake sAdhanoM para adhibhAra na pdd'e| jainoM ke ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kA nihitArtha na kevala svayaM ke prati prIti karanA hI hai, apitu sabhI prANiyoM aura manuSyoM ke prati anukampA kI bhAvanA bhI hai| yahAM taka ki gharelU jAnavaroM ko bhI, kabhI-kabhI chor3akara, na rassI se aura na kor3oM se hI mAranA caahiye| jaba aisA karanA bhI par3e, to samucita vicAra evaM binA krodha ke sAtha dayAlutA ke sAtha aisA karanA caahiye| saMgraha yA parigraha aura vyaktigata bhoga-vilAsa meM Asakti kI pravRtti ko alpIkRta karanA cAhiye aura dAna kI pravRtti apanAnI caahiye| sampatti aura parigraha ke prati rAga aura usake ekatra karane kI icchA, moha aura mUrchAkAraka sthiti hai (mUrchA parigrahaH, tattvArthasUtra 7.17) / jainadharma ne sAmAnyataH vyaktigata sampatti ko TrasTI ke rUpa meM samAja kalyANa ke liye prabandhita karane kI pravRtti ko prerita kiyA hai arthAt jainadharma ne sAmAjika sampatti kI dhAraNA kA AhvAna kiyA hai| isa dRSTi se sadaiva sampUrNa jAgarUkatA mahattvapUrNa hai| jisa prakAra eka minaTa ke nakArAtmaka vicAra (azubha, pApa) asaMyamita jIvana meM bhArI kArmana kaNoM ke aMtargrahaNa se baravAdI utpanna kara sakate haiM, usI prakAra saMyamita jIvana meM eka minaTa ke sakArAtmaka vicAra (puNya yA zubha) laghutara kArmana kaNoM ke antargrahaNa se sthAyI zAMti aura ekatA ko utpanna karate haiM (dekhiye, TobAyAsa, 1991, peja 90) / paryAvaraNa ke saMrakSaNa ke mahattva ko AtmA ke kArmika ghanatva ke varNa-kUTa yA lezyA ke siddhAnta ke mAdhyama se nidarzita kiyA gayA hai| isa varNa-kUTa ke chaha kramika stara haiM : kRSNa, nIla, kApota, pIta, rakta yA kamala-gulAbI aura dIptimAna taijasa, shukl| inameM pahale tIna stara bhArI karma-ghanatva (pApa) ke pratIka haiM jabaki bAda ke tIna stara laghutara kArmika ghanatva ke pratIka haiN| je. ela jainI (1916) ne ina staroM ko mAnava ke AbhA maMDala se sambandhita kiyA hai| vyavahAra meM, eka per3a se phaloM ko prApta karane kI lokakathA kI anurUpatA ke AdhAra para ina raMgoM ke stara ko vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| prathama stara (kRSNa) kA vyakti per3a ke phaloM ko prApta karane ke liye samUce per3a ko kATa DAlatA hai| dUsare stara kA vyakti isakI DAloM

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130 jainadharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA ko kATatA hai, tIsarA vyakti zAkhAoM ko kATatA hai, cauthe stara kA vyakti phaloM ke gucchoM ko tor3atA hai, pAMcave stara kA vyakti per3a para lage pake phaloM ko tor3atA hai aura chaThe stara kA vyakti per3a ke nIce jamIna para par3e pake phaloM ko hI bIna letA hai (dekhiye citra u.1)| isa prakAra, uccatama AdhyAtmika stara ke vyakti ke liye paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai| isake sAtha hI mala aura pradUSaNa ke utpanna karane se bhI kArmanoM ke aMtargrahaNa meM vRddhi ho jAtI hai, kyoMki ye hiMsaka pravRttiyAM mAnI jAtI haiM (siMghavI, 1991) / vAstava meM paryAvaraNa-saMrakSaNa kI samasyA kA samAdhAna AM PURPyk.. : katunr PART citra u.1 lezyAoM ke nidarzana ke lie Ama kA per3a aura chaha vyakti 'madhumakkhI' ke udAharaNa se prApta hotA hai jo per3a ke phaloM se, per3a ko hAni pahuMcAye binA hI, zahada ko cUsa letI hai aura svayaM ko sazakta banAtI hai|

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pariziSTa - 1 bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana vRtta bha. mahAvIra kA janma 599 I0pU0 meM (kSatriya) kuMDagrAma (vaizAlI, bihAra, bhArata) meM huA thaa| usa samaya yaha uttara bhArata meM Adhunika paTanA nagara ke pAsa hI eka bar3A nagara thaa| unake pitA rAjA siddhArtha the aura mAtA trizalA thiiN| unakA sarvaprathama nAma 'vardhamAna' thaa| isakA kAraNa yaha thA ki jabase unakI mAM garbhavatI huI, tabhI se rAjya meM sabhI prakAra kI sukha-samRddhi hone lagI thii| unhoMne apane prArambhika jIvana meM hI bauddhika vikAsa kiyA aura pazuoM se ghaniSThatA sthApita kii| unhoMne apane bAlyakAla meM eka bhayaMkara sarpa ko sAhasapUrvaka vaza meM kara liyA thaa| unhoMne eka madonmatta hAthI ko bhI vaza meM kiyA thA jisase vaha janadhana ko hAni na pahuMcA ske| unhoMne eka AtatAyI para bhI vijaya prApta kii| isIliye unakA nAma 'mahAvIra' (mahAn bahAdura) rakhA gyaa| unheM lagabhaga nizcita rUpa se, tatkAlIna rAjakumAroM ke yogya sAhitya, rAjanIti, dhanurvidyA, gaNita Adi ke samAna vibhinna kalAoM evaM viSayoM kA vizeSa prazikSaNa diyA gyaa| ve bahuta buddhimAna the| unake guru ne bhI yaha mAnA thA ki mahAvIra kA jJAna unase kahIM adhika zreSTha hai| ve sAmAnya rUpa se hI rAjakumAra ke rUpa meM ghara para rhe| unakA vivAha yazodA ke sAtha huaa| (yaha zvetAmbara paramparA mAnatI hai, para digambaroM ke anusAra, unakA vivAha nahIM huA thaa| unakI priyadarzanA nAma kI putrI thI, jisakA vivAha jAmAli ke sAtha huA thaa)| eka paramparA ke anusAra, jaba ve 28 varSa ke the, taba rAjamahala ke bAhara paryaTana para gye| vahAM unhoMne dekhA ki eka mAlika apane dAsa ko kor3e mAra rahA hai| isa ghaTanA se ve bar3e duHkhI hue ki samAja ke dhanI vyakti azikSita, ajJAnI aura nirdhana vyaktiyoM kA zoSaNa karate haiN| phalataH unake mana meM ghara-bAra choDaneM kI icchA jAgRta huii| lekina unake mana meM apane mAtA-pitA ke prati gahana sneha thaa| isaliye unhoMne yaha vicAra kiyA ki unakI mRtyu hone taka ve

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132 jainadharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA gRhatyAga nahIM kreNge| unakI mRtyu ke bAda, ve lagabhaga do varSa taka ghara meM hI rahe jisase unakI mRtyu-pIr3A se unake bar3e bhAI ubara skeN| isake bAda, unhoMne apane bar3e bhAI se gRha-tyAga kI AjJA mA~gI (digambara yaha mAnate haiM ki apane mAM-bApa ke jIvita rahate hI ve sAdhu ho gaye the)| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki rAjamahala-nivAsa ke ina aMtima do varSoM meM ve apanA adhikAMza samaya rAja kAryoM yA sAMsArika kAryoM meM bitAne ke badale Atma-vizleSaNa meM bitAte the| tIsa varSa kI avasthA meM, samAja meM vidyamAna aneka samasyAoM kI jar3a ke anveSaNa ke liye unhoMne gRhatyAga kara diyaa| unhoMne mAnava kI prakRti ko tathA sAmAnyataH jagata ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke liye vairAgya dhAraNa kiyaa| yaha spaSTa hai ki rAjamahala kA vAtAvaraNa evaM unakA sAmAjika stara isa anveSaNa ke liye upayukta nahIM thaa| pa.1.1 lakSya kA anusaraNa aura bodhi-prApti dIkSA lene ke bAda ke sAr3he bAraha varSoM taka ve gahana manoniSThA ke sAtha apane lakSya ke anveSaNa meM lage rhe| unhoMne anubhava kiyA ki dhyAna kI sAdhanA meM mitAhAra, eka-vastra dhAraNa, paidala vihAra aura upavAsa sahAyaka haiN| isI ke anurUpa, unhoMne apane hAthoM se keza luMcana karane jaisI kriyAoM ke mAdhyama se apanI (dUsaroM para nirbharatA ke samAna) AvazyakatAoM ko alpIkRta kiyaa| apane lakSya ke prati unakI ekAgratA itanI gahana thI ki jaba teraha mAha kI dIkSA evaM tyAga ke abhyAsa ke samaya unakA vastra jhAr3I meM phaMsa kara phaTa gayA, to usake bAda ve nagna avasthA meM hI rhe| (tathApi, digambara paramparAnusAra, unhoMne dIkSA ke samaya hI apane sabhI vastroM kA tyAga kara diyA thaa)| unake dIkSAvasthA kI, apane uddezya ke prati ekaniSThatA ko pradarzita karane vAlI eka anya ghaTanA bhI hai| eka bAra ve khar3e hokara (khaDgAsana) kisI kheta meM dhyAna kara rahe the| unake AsapAsa hI eka kisAna kI gAyeM cara rahI thiiN| kisAna ne unheM dekhakara kahA, "mai anyatra jA rahA huuN| Apa ina gAyoM ko dekhate rahiye / " cUMki mahAvIra gahana dhyAna kI mudrA meM the, unhoMne yaha bhI nahIM dekhA ki unake AsapAsa gAyeM cara rahI haiN| jaba kucha samaya bAda kisAna vahAM AyA, usane dekhA ki usakI gAyeM vahAM nahIM haiN| lauTakara usane dhyAnastha mahAvIra se isa viSaya me pUchA, para unhoMne koI uttara nahIM diyA kyoMki ve maunavrata liye hue the| isase kisAna aura bhI vyagra ho gayA aura usane mahAvIra ko daMDita karane ke liye unake kAna meM lakar3I kI do kIleM Thoka diiN| lekina isase bhI mahAvIra kA mauna nahIM TUTa pAyA aura ve usake prati anukampita hI bane rhe|

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pariziSTa 1 : bha. mahAvIra kA jIvana vRtta ____133 yaha kahA jAtA hai ki mahAvIra taba taka ekala sAdhanA karate rahe jaba taka maMkhali gozAla ne unheM khoja nahIM liyaa| usane mahAvIra ke utkRSTa guNoM ke bAre meM suna rakhA thaa| gozAla eka parivrAjaka kathAvAcaka thA aura niyativAdI AjIvaka sampradAya kA anuyAyI thaa| bAda meM to, vaha isakA pramukha pravaktA bana gyaa| yaha kahA jAtA hai ki mahAvIra aura gozAla chaha varSa taka eka sAtha rhe| itane samaya meM gozAla mahAvIra se aura unakI kSamatAoM se pUrI taraha paricita ho gyaa| mahAvIra ne use chaha mAha kI tapasyA batAI jo una-jaisI kSamatAoM ko prApta karane ke liye anivArya thii| aMta meM gozAla mahAvIra kA virodhI ho gayA aura usane mahAvIra ko llkaaraa| usane mahAvIra ko bhayabhIta karane ke liye zApa diyA ki ve chaha mAha ke aMdara hI kisI bhayaMkara bImArI se mara jaayeNgeN| mahAvIra bImAra bhI par3eM, para ve svastha ho gye| kucha samaya bAda gozAla kI mRtyu se yaha dhAraNA banI ki zApa usI ko Dasa gyaa| mahAvIra sadaiva hI yogika yA aiMdrajAlika zaktiyoM ke upayoga ke virodhI the| aMta meM, mahAvIra ne apane uddezya ke anveSaNa hetu lI gaI dIkSA ke ThIka 12 varSa, 6 mAha aura 15 dina bAda kevalajJAna (sakriya sarvajJatA) prApta kiyaa| isa prakAra ve samagra rUpa se vizva kI saMracanA va kriyAvidhi aura vizeSa rUpa se mAnava kI prakRti ko samajhane meM samartha ho ske| isa antarjJAna se ve sabhI prakAra kI samasyAoM ke mUla kA jJAna kara ske| pa.1.2 tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM mahAvIra kA jIvana apane uddezya kI prApti ke liye rAjasI rUpa ko chor3ane ke bAda kevalajJAna prApta hone para mahAvIra ne apane jJAna ko samAja meM sahabhAgita karane kI socii| unake samAja ke sAmane Ane kI ghaTanA unake lakSya anveSaNa se bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| unhoMne apanA sabase pahalA upadeza aise zrotAoM ko diyA jinameM iMdrabhUti gautama bhI sammilita the| gautama hindU zAstroM ke mahAna jJAtA the aura unheM apane jJAna kA abhimAna thaa| ina donoM kI bheMTa ke samaya kucha praznottara hue, jinakA samAdhAna pAkara gautama inake gaNadhara (pramukha ziSya) bana gye| mahAvIra kI aMtaraMga sabhA meM gyAraha gaNadhara the| mahAvIra meM prakRtyA hI mahAn saMgaThana kSamatA thI aura jaba unake anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA bar3hI, taba unhoMne caturvidha saMgha (zrAvaka, zrAvikA, sAdhu aura sAdhvI) ke rUpa meM 'tIrtha' (saMsAra samudra ko pAra karane kA mAdhyama) kI

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jainadharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA sthApanA kii| unakI putrI priyadarzanA bhI (jisakA vivAha jAmAli ke sAtha huA thA) mahAvIra kI anuyAyI banI / 134 tatkAlIna hindU dharma ke prabhAva se apanI vicAradhArA ko vibhedita karane ke liye, unhoMne nayI zabdAvalI ke vikAsa meM bahumukhI pratibhA pradarzita kii| udAharaNArtha, sAmAnya anuyAyI ko 'zrAvaka' kahA gayA jo zraddhA pUrvaka upadeza sunate haiM (zra zraddhA, va-viveka, k-kriyaa)| unhoMne sAdhuoM ko 'zramaNa' kahA, arthAt jo AdhyAtmika patha para calane ke liye zrama kre| yahI nahIM, unhoMne dRr3hatA se jagata kI sva-cAlitatA kI dhAraNA ko puSTa kiyA arthAt unhoMne usa Izvara kI dhAraNA ko nirasta kiyA jo pratyeka vyakti ke dainika jIvana ko prabhAvita karatA hai| yahI nahIM, unhoMne yaha bhI ghoSaNA kI ki "pratyeka vyakti ko nirvANa prApta karane kA adhikAra hai aura vaha apane hI prayAsoM se, kisI parama prabhu - sattA yA mAdhyastha purohita kI sahAyatA ke binA hI, ise prApta kara sakatA hai|" mahAvIra ne sabhI jIvoM aura manuSyoM kI samAnatA kA pracAra kiyA / isake mAdhyama se unhoMne dAsaprathA, jAtiprathA, pazubali Adi ke tyAga kA upadeza diyA / vAstava meM, unake sAdhvI saMgha kI pramukha dAsI caMdanA hI thI / eka dUsare sImAMta para tatkAlIna rAjAoM meM eka pramukha rAjA zreNika biMbasAra unakA niSThAvAna anuyAyI bana gayA (dekhiye, eca. ela. jaina aura upAdhye, 1974) / mahAvIra kA eka krAntikArI yogadAna yaha thA ki unhoMne hinduoM kI isa dhAraNA meM parivartana kiyA ki saMnyAsI yA sAdhuoM kA jIvana, jIvana ke uttara bhAga ke pUrva nahIM honA caahiye| unhoMne vicAra prastuta kiyA ki sAMsArika kAryoM se nivRtta hone ke liye koI vizeSa Ayu yA samaya sImA nahIM hotii| jo loga jIvana ke prArambha kAla meM pUrNa sAdhutA nahIM grahaNa kara sakate, unake liye unhoMne kramika parivartana kA sujhAva diyA / mahAvIra kI eka mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA yaha thI ki ve sabhI prakAra ke prANiyoM ke prati karuNA ke mUrta rUpa the / isa sambandha meM, caMDakauzika nAmaka nAga kA udAharaNa uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai| yaha nAga usake yakSAyatana ke sAmane se jAne vAle rAste para calane vAloM ko rAstA pAra nahIM karane detA thA / eka dina mahAvIra usa rAste para cale aura unheM nAga ne kATa liyA / lekina mahAvIra bar3e jJAnI the| unhoMne nAga ke pUrvabhavoM ke jJAna ke AdhAra para yaha jAna liyA ki usakI aisI prakRti kaise banI ? unheM usake prati atyaMta

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pariziSTa 1 : bha. mahAvIra kA jIvana vRtta 135 karuNA aayii| unakI yaha karuNA, kisI mAtA kI putra ke prati karuNA ke samAna thii| aisA pratIta huA ki nAga ke kATane se bane ghAva se dugdha-dhArA baha nikalI ho| kATane kI pIr3A mahAvIra ke liye gauNa ho gaI aura unake mana meM nAga ke kalyANa kI bhAvanA prabala ho gii| mahAvIra apane nirvANa kAla taka ratnatraya kI zikSA dete rahe aura abhyAsa karate rhe| jainoM meM Aja bhI unake vibhinna prakAra ke mUlabhUta upadeza aura AcAra pracalita haiM jinameM samayAnusAra sAdhAraNa parivartana hI hue haiN| vizeSataH, sabhI jaina dIvAlI (prakAza kA utsava manAte haiM, kyoMki isI dina mahAvIra ko nirvANa prApta huA thA aura isI dina unake pramukha ziSya gautama ko kevalajJAna prApta huA thaa|

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pariziSTa 2 jaina Agama graMtha (pavitra dharma graMtha ) pratyeka dharma paddhati kI AcAra-vicAra-saMhitA hotI hai jise usake saMsthApaka apane anubhava va jJAna se saMcaraNa aura pAlana kI suvidhA ke lie, pavitra graMthoM ke rUpa meM prastuta karate haiN| ina graMthoM ko zruti zruta yA Agama kahate haiM / jaina dharma bhI isakA apavAda nahIM hai| isake AgamoM kA mUla srota tIrthaMkara kI vANI hai / yaha vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki tIrthaMkaroM ke upadeza divyadhvani / divyabhASA ke rUpa meM hameM prApta hote haiM (digambaroM ke anusAra yaha divyadhvani upadezoM ke aMtaraMga artha ko saMcArita karatI hai aura use bAda meM, unake mukhya gaNadhara ziSya AgamoM ke rUpa meM nibaddha karate haiN| isake viparyAsa meM, zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke anusAra, tIrthakara eka divya mAnava bhASA meM upadeza dete haiM) / sAmAnyataH gaNadharoM kA kArya tIrthaMkaroM ke upadezoM kA saMkalana, saMpAdana evaM janabhASA meM rUpAMtaraNa yA anuvAda karanA hai / phalataH Agama graMthoM ko zAbdika rUpa meM nahIM lenA cAhiye, apitu unake sambandha meM Atma-vizleSaNa evaM saMkalana kI dhAraNA ko dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye / pa. 2.1 pramukha Agama graMtha sAmAnyataH jainoM ke Agama graMtho kI saMkhyA 60 hai| inheM tIna vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai : varga-1, pUrva : 14 varga-2. aMga (prAthamika Agama graMtha ) : 12 varga-3. aMga - bAhya ( dvitIyaka Agama graMtha) : 34 ina 60 graMtho meM, vartamAna meM kevala 45 hI upalabdha haiM kyoMki 14 pUrva graMtha lupta ho gaye haiM aura eka aMga graMtha- dRSTivAda bhI lupta mAnA jAtA hai| ina graMthoM ke nAma aura pAMca koTiyAM muni nathamala jI ne 'dasaveyAliya' kI bhUmikA meM diye haiM / sAraNI pa.2.1 meM ina graMthoM kI rUparekhA kucha vivaraNoM ke sAtha dI gaI hai / sAraNI pa. 2. 2. meM varga 3 ke upavargoM kI jAnakArI dI gaI hai| jainoM ke bAraha prAthamika aMga graMthoM meM mahAvIra ke gaNadhara gautama aura sudharmA svAmI (pariziSTa 1 dekhiye ) kA pramukha yogadAna hai| lekina inake maukhika saMcaraNa kI paramparA bahuta samaya taka calatI rhii| ina AgamoM kA TIkAoM ke sAtha lekhana lagabhaga 450 I. (pAMcavI sadI) se prArambha huA / AcArya devardhigaNi kI preraNA se balabhI meM (tIsarI yA

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pariziSTa 2 : jaina Agama graMtha 137 cauthI) Agama-vAcanA huii| AcArya bhadrabAhu dvitIya (pAMcavI sadI) aura jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa (chaThI sadI)AgamoM ke do pramukha TIkAkAra haiN| sAraNI pa.2.1 : jainoM ke upalabdha pramukha Agama graMtha aura vividha sampradAyoM dvArA anumata saMkhyA kra. jaina saMpradAya 1. pUrva 2. aMga 3. aMgabAhya* anumata (prAcIna (prAthamika graMtha) (dvitIyaka graMtha) saMkhyA graMtha) 1. zvetAmbara 0 (14) prathama 11 (12) 34 (34) 45 (mUrtipUjaka) 2. sthAnakavAsI0 (14) prathama 11 (12) 3. terApaMthI (zve.) 0 (14) prathama 11 (12) 21 (21) 32 4. digambara 0 (14) ___14 2 6 * dekhiye, sAraNI pa.2.2 sAraNI pa.2.2 : sAraNI pa.2.1 ke aMga bAhya varga-3 ke graMthoM kA vivaraNa 12 kra. artha varga 3 ke upavarga graMthoM kI saMkhyA zvetA. sthAnaka. diga. a. 12 upAMga cheda-sUtra mUla-sUtra aMgoM ke dvitIyaka graMtha AcAra-saMhitA, prAyazcitta mukhya AcAra-saMhitA 6 sa. vividha ___ 10 0 14 prakIrNaka cUlikA Avazyaka sUtra yoga 34 21 14 sAraNI pa. 2.1 se pragaTa hotA hai ki AgamoM kI kula saMkhyA 26 (digambara) se 84 (jayAcArya) ke bIca mAnI jAtI hai| inameM 45 ke badale 32

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138 jainadharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA AgamoM kI paramparA pracalita hai aura 32 AgamoM kI paramparA meM 10 prakIrNaka aura 3 mUlasUtra nahIM haiM (dekhiye p.2.2)| ina Agama graMtho meM kucha viziSTa graMtha nimna haiM : (a) AcArAMga : varga 2 : jaina sAdhu evaM sAdhviyoM kI AcAra-saMhitA kA graMtha (ba) sUtrakRtAMga : varga 2 : anekAMtavAda ke AdhAra para jainetara darzanoM kA samIkSAtmaka priikssnn| (sa) bhagavatI : varga 2 : (isa zabda kA artha AdaraNIya hai) : / isameM gautama ke prazna aura mahAvIra ke uttara diye gaye haiM aura syAdvAda paddhati kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| isameM gozAla aura mahAvIra ke sambandha kA vivaraNa bhI abhilekhita kiyA gayA hai| (da) dRSTivAda : varga 2 : yaha aMga vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai| isameM, vizeSataH karmavAda ke siddhAnta kI vivecanA thI jise digambaroM ke do mukhya Agama-kalpa graMthoM-SaTkhaMDAgama aura kaSAyapAhur3a meM anusarita kiyA gayA hai| ina dono graMtho kI pramukha TIkAyeM kramazaH vIrasena kRta dhavalA (816 I.) aura jayadhavalA (823 I. taka, isakA kucha bhAga jinasena ne likhA thA) hai jo 792-837 I. ke bIca kI mAnI jAtI haiN| zvetAmbara sAhitya meM karma siddhAMta kA vizruta TIkAgraMtha devendrasUri kA 'karma-graMtha' (caudahavIM sadI) hai| isakI viSaya sUcI ke liye glejanapa (1942) kI pustaka dekhiye| (ya) AcAra dazA : varga 3 ba : jainoM meM kalpasUtra bhI eka mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai jo AcAra dazA kA AThavAM adhyAya hai| isameM tIrthakara aura unakI gaNadharottara paramparA dI gaI hai| isa adhyAya meM varSAkAla meM muniyoM ke liye AcAra saMhitA bhI dI gaI hai| ise lagabhaga 1500 varSoM se sArvajanika vAcana ke rUpa meM, (vizeSakara paryuSaNa parva meM, yaha digambaroM meM 10 dina kA aura zvetAmbaroM meM ATha dina kA hotA hai) prayukta kiyA jAtA hai| yaha rAjA dhruvasena ke putra kI mRtyu ke samaya sabase pahale use balabhI meM dhIraja baMdhAne ke liye sunAyA gayA thaa| taba se isake vAcana kI paramparA calI A rahI hai|

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pariziSTa 2 : jaina Agama graMtha 139 (ra) dazavaikAlika : varga 3 sa : isameM muni-jIvana se sambandhita vivaraNa hai| isake dasoM adhyayana svAdhyAya ke liye nirdhArita samaya-sImA ke bAda par3he jAte haiN| (la) uttarAdhyayana : varga 3 sa (uttaravartI adhyayana) : yaha graMtha mahAvIra ke aMtima upadeza ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai; vizeSakara, usakA vaha bhAga jisameM gautama ko guru ke prati bhI nirmamatva dhAraNa karane kI salAha dI gaI hai| isake sAtha hI, isameM kezI-gautama ke usa saMvAda kA bhI vivaraNa hai jisameM mahAvIra ne cAra ke badale pAMca vratoM kI prastAvanA kI hai| isameM saMyojita pAMcavAM vrata brahmacarya hai| (va) Avazyaka : (varga 3 sa) : isameM vartamAna pratikramaNa sUtra kA adhikAMza bhAga pAyA jAtA hai| pratikramaNa kA artha hai - apane doSoM kI svIkRti aura Age na hone dene kI kaamnaa| isa pratikramaNa sUtra kA abhyAsa Aja bhI pracalita hai aura isameM jaina upadeza saMkSepa meM batAye gaye haiN| pa.2.2 dvitIyaka jaina Agama : anuyoga - AdhArita graMtha jainoM ke dvitIyaka koTi ke Agama graMtha prathama koTi ke Agama graMtho ke pUraka haiN| inheM anuyogoM ke AdhAra para vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| ina vargoM ke cAra upavarga hai jinheM jainoM ke cAra veda kahate hai| ye mukhyataH sAdhuoM aura sthaviroM ke dvArA likhe gaye haiN| inheM anuyoga graMtha bhI kahate haiN| yaha vargIkaraNa prathama sadI ke Asa-pAsa vikasita huA hai| isake cAra upavarga nimna haiM : 1. prathamAnuyoga (dharmakathA anuyoga, prathama anuyoga) : isameM tIrthaMkaroM evaM anya koTi ke mahApuruSoM yA zalAkA puruSoM ke jIvana-carita kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai| 2. karaNAnuyoga : (vizvavijJAna evaM vijJAna kA anuyoga) : isameM vizva-vijJAna evaM jyotiSa vijJAna ke samAna prAcIna vijJAna evaM kalAoM kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai|

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140 jainadharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA 3. caraNAnuyoga : (sAdhu evaM gRhastha ke caritra kA anuyoga) : yaha jaina yoga yA AcAra se sambandhita sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa anuyoga hai| isake aMtargata AcArya hemacaMdra kA yogazAstra, (12vIM. sadI) aura haribhadra kA yogabiMdu (AThavIM sadI) ke samAna graMtha samAhita hote haiN| 4. dravyAnuyoga : (tattva, astikAya yA dravyoM kA anuyoga) : isameM jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra vizva meM mAnya bhautika jagat ke chaha dravya evaM AdhyAtmika jagata ke nava tattva Adi kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai| isa varga kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa graMtha umAsvAti kA tattvArthasUtra (dvitIya sadI) hai| isa graMtha me lagabhaga 350 sUtroM meM jainoM kI samasta saiddhAntika mAnyatAoM kA saMkSepaNa kiyA gayA hai| isakI paMtajali ke yogasUtra se tulanA kI jA sakatI hai kyoMki isameM eka viziSTa darzana-taMtra ke upadezoM ko samekIkRta rUpa meM diyA gayA hai| isa koTi ke anya graMthoM meM AcArya siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra aura sanmatisUtra (pAMcavIM sadI) nAmaka graMtha bhI samAhita haiM jo nyAyazAstra ke uttama graMtha haiN| muni yazovijaya Adhunika nyAyazAstra ke pratinidhi haiN| hamArA uparokta vivecana prAyaH zvetAmbara sAhitya taka sImita hai| digambara bhI uparokta 60 graMthoM meM vizvAsa karate haiM, lekina ve sabhI (smRti meM) lupta ho gaye haiN| phira bhI unake pAsa kucha aise abhilekha haiM jinake AdhAra para dUsarI sadI ke lagabhaga do Agama-tulya graMtha-SaTkhaMDAgama (chaha-khaMDI Agama) aura kaSAyapAhuDa (kaSAyoM kA upahAra) likhe gaye haiN| isake atirikta kuMdakuMda (saMbhavataH dvitIya sadI) ke graMtha bhI sarvAdhika bodhagamya haiN| ina graMthoM meM samayasAra, niyamasAra, pravacanasAra aura paMcAstikAya mukhya haiN| unakI paramparA pUjyapAda ne chaThI sadI meM bhI jArI rkhii| samayasAra kI mahattvapUrNa AtmakhyAti TIkA AcArya amRtacaMdra ne gyArahavIM sadI meM likhI thii| anya ullekhanIya AcAryoM meM jinasena (navamI sadI) aura somadeva ke nAma liye jA sakate haiN| umAsvAti ke 'tattvArthasUtra' ke uparyukta rUpAMtara aura akalaMka, vidyAnaMda aura siddhasena ke graMtha donoM sampradAyoM dvArA mAnya kiye jAte haiN| isa viSaya meM vizeSa vivaraNa ke liye pI. esa. jainI (1979) kI pustaka dekhiye|

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pariziSTa 2: jaina Agama graMtha 141 1 prathama varga ke Agama graMtha (aMga graMtha) ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM likhe gaye the, jo magadha kI prAkRta kI eka bolI yA upabhASA hI thI / umAsvAti aura usake uttaravartI graMtha to saMskRta meM likhe gye| isa prakAra, jainoM kA vizAla * sAhitya upalabdha hai| lekina aisA pratIta hotA hai ki umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra ko dharma se sambandhita dArzanika pustakoM meM mukhya mAnA jA sakatA hai aura ise sabhI jaina eka prAmANika pustaka mAnate haiN| yahAM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparA ke jaina AgamoM ke sAra ke rUpa meM 'samaNasuttaM' nAmaka pustaka prakAzita huI hai jisameM 756 gAthAyeM haiM / yaha mahAvIra ke 2500 veM nirvANa mahotsava para sarvasevA saMgha, rAjaghATa, vArANasI se prakAzita huI hai| 1993 meM isa pustaka kA aMgrejI saMskaraNa bhI prakAzita huA hai / isa pustaka ke aMta meM dI gaI saMdarbha graMtha sUcI kA khaMDa 'a' kucha pramukha mUla graMtha aura unake anuvAdoM kA nirdeza karatA hai /

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pariziSTa - 3 uddharaNa a : svataHsiddha avadhAraNAyeM (gA. : gAthA, sU. : sUtra, a. : adhyAya) svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 1 1. jIva iti ......... karma-saMyuktaH / (paMcAstikAya-sAra, gAthA 27) 2. yathApravRtta-karaNam iti arthaH (vizeSAvazyaka-bhASya, gAthA 1202) svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 2 3. nAraka-tiryaG-manuSyA-devA iti nAma saMyuktAH prakRtayaH / (paMcAstikAya-sAra, gAthA 55) 4. karmAvaraNa-mAtrAyAH taartmy-vibhedtH| (nathamala muni, vijaDama oNpha mahAvIra, adhyAya 2, peja 70) svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 3 5. pariNAmAt karma karmaNo bhavaMti, gatiSu gtiH| (paMcAstikAya-sAra, gAthA 128) svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 4 a 6. mithyAdarzana-avirati-pramAda-kaSAya-yogAH bNdhhetvH| (tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 8 sUtra 1) svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 4 ba 7. ....prANighAtena...saptamaM narakaM gtH| 8. mAteva sarva-bhUtAnAM ahiMsA hitkaarinnii| 9. ahiMsAyAH phalaM sarva kimanyat, kAmadaiva sAH / (yogazAstra, adhyAya 2, gAthA 27, 51, 52) svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 4 sa tapasA nirjarA c| tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 9 sUtra 3 baH graMtho ke uddharaNa : (uddharaNa : u.) 1. u.3.1 sabbe karei jIvo, ajjhavasANeNa tiriynneriye| deva-maNave ya savve, puNNaM pAvaM ca anneyvihN|| (samayasAra, gAthA 268) 2. u.5.1 zubhaH puNyasya, azubhaH pApasya (tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 6 sUtra 3) 3. u.5.2 sakaSAyatvAt jIvaH karmaNo ..... Adatte, sa bNdhH| (tattvArthasUtra, a. 8 sU. 2)

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143 4. u.6.1 parasparopagraho jIvAnAm (tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 5, sU. 21) 5. u.6.2 purisA, tumeva tuM mitraH kiM bahiyA mitr-micchsi| . (AcArAMgasUtra, adhyAya 3 sU. 125) 6. u.6.3 sacce jIvAvi icchaMtiM jIviyaM na mrijjiyN| (dazavaikAlikasUtra, adhyAya 6 gAthA 10) 7. u.6.4 mA pamAyae (uttarAdhyayanasUtra, adhyAya 10 gAthA 1) 8. u.6.5 maitrI-pramoda-kAruNya-mAdhyasthAni satvaguNAdhika-klizyamAnA vineyessu| (tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 7 sUtra 6) 9. u.7.1 jJAnaM balAbalaM (yogazAstra, adhyAya 1 gAthA 64) 10. u.8.1 sa gupti-samiti-dharma-anuprekSA-parISaha-jaya-cAritraiH / (tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 9 sUtra 2) 11. u.8.2 NANena jANi bhAve, daMsaNeNa ya sudddhe| cAritreNa NigiNhai taveNa prisujjii|| (uttarAdhyayanasUtra, a. 28 gAthA 35) 12. u.8.3 samyag-darzana-jJAna-cAritrANi mokSamArgaH / (tattvArthasUtra, a. 1, sU.1) 13. u.8.4 prathamaM jJAnaM, tato dyaa| (dazavaikAlikasUtra, a. 4, gA. 10) 14. u.8.5. mAse mAse tu jo bAlo, kusaggeNavaca tu bhuje| __Na so sukkhAya, dhammassa, kalaM agghaI solsiN| (uttarAdhyadhanasUtra, a. 9, gAthA 44)

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144 jainadharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA pariziSTa - 4 guNasthAna aura sAMpa-sIDhI kA khela isa meM lekhaka ne vibhinna guNasthAnoM ke bIca pramukha saMkramaNoM ko nirUpita karane ke liye sAMpa aura sIr3hI ke parivardhita rUpa ko vikasita kiyA hai (citra pa-4.1 dekhiye)| isa khela ke borDa (phalaka) meM 16 varga haiM aura unameM eka sikke ko uchAlane ke bAda gamana kiyA jAtA hai| sikke ke pRSTha bhAga (puccha) kA artha hai 1 aMka aura zIrSa kA artha hai 2 aNk| isa phalaka para pahale do varga tiryaMca jagat (pazu jagata) ke nimnatara aura uccatara jIvana ko nirUpita karate haiN| varga 3 se manuSya jIvana kA rUpa prArambha hotA hai jo pahale caraNa se uccatara caraNoM kI ora jAne ke liye tatpara hai| isa khela ke nimna niyama haiM: (a) prArambha karane ke liye sikke kA pRSThabhAga AnA caahiye| (ba) varga 2 para, sikke kA pRSThabhAga hI pheMkanA caahiye| isase khilAr3I tIsare caraNa para pahuMcatA hai aura, sIr3hI ke tIsare caraNa para caDhatA hai| yahAM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki zIrSa ke uchAlane para varga 2 se varga 4 meM jAne kI anumati nahIM hai| khilAr3I varga 4 meM tabhI A sakatA hai jaba vaha varga 7 meM pahuMce aura phira vahAM se sarpa mArga se varga 4 meM aaye| isa khela kA aMta yathArthataH pUrNa honA cAhiye arthAt terahaveM caraNa para khilAr3I ko sikke kA pRSTha hI uchAlanA caahiye| mahAvIra ke ziSya AnaMda ke udAharaNa ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue yaha saMbhava hai ki isa sIr3hI para caraNa 5 se caraNa 8 para sAdhu avasthA ke caraNa ko prApta kiye binA hI pahuMcA jA ske| sAmAnyataH yaha khela isa bAta para prakAza DAlatA hai ki kaba sIDhI para caDhA jA sakatA hai (pragati) aura kaba sarpa mArga se nIce jAyA jA sakatA hai| khilAr3I jaba eka bAra bArahaveM caraNa para pahuMca jAtA hai, taba vaha caudahaveM caraNa para sadaiva pahuMcatA hI hai aura mokSa prApta kara sakatA hai| isa dharma-kalpa khela ke prAthamika rUpa ko jJAna-bAjI (jJAna kA khela) kahate haiN| isake nidarzana aura vistRta vivaraNa ke liye pAla (1994, peja 87) kI pustaka dekhiye|

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145 mokSa kI aura manuSya nimnatara jIvana | uccatara jIvana 2 citra pa.4.1 sAMpa aura sIr3hI ke mAdhyama se guNasthAna-saMkramaNoM kA nidrshn| yahAM (X) aMka guNasthAna ke kramAka X ko vyakta karatA hai| khela ke niyama : 1. sikke ke 'pRSTha' ke uchAla para 1 aMka milegA aura 'zIrSa ke uchAla para 2 aMka mileNge| 2. sikke ke pRSTha ke uchAla se hI prArambha hotA hai| isase prathama caraNa (guNasthAna) prArambha hotA hai| 3. yadi dUsarI vAra 'pRSTha' uchalatA hai, to goTI varga 2 para rakhI jAtI hai| aba puna: pRSTha uchAlane para varga 3 para goTI jAtI hai aura tIsarA guNasthAna prApta hotA hai| 4. varga 4 kevala caraNa 7 se adhaHpatana para hI prApta ho sakatA hai|

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saMdarbha graMtha sUcI a. prAkRta, saMskRta yA hindI ke graMtha aura unake anuvAda 1. AcArAMgasUtra; prAkRta-mUla aura madhukara muni kA hindI anuvAda; Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, 1980. 2.. AcArAMgasUtra (aMgrejI anuvAdaka : eca. jaikobI) : jaina sUtrAja bhAga-1, Dovara pablikezansa, nyUyArka se punaH prakAzita, 1968 pe. 1-213. 3. Avazyakasutra; jaina Agama sIrIja, khaMDa 15, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, baMbaI, 1977 4. uttarAdhyayanasUtra; prAkRta graMtha; anu. ke. sI. lalavAnI, prajJAnaM, kalakattA, 19773; anuvAda : eca. jaikobI, jaina sUtrAja bhAga - 2, Dovara pablikezana, nyUyArka se punaH prakAzita, 1968 peja 1-232. 5. dazavaikAlikasUtra (aMgrejI); anuvAdaka ke.sI. lalavAnI, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1973. 6. kalpasUtra (aMgrejI); anu. eca. jaikobI; jaina sUtrAja, khaMDa 2, Dovara pablikezansa, nyUyArka se punaH prakAzita, 1968. 7. karmagraMtha, bhAga 1-6; devendrasUri, hindI anu. esa.ela. siMghavI, vardhamAna sthAnakavAsI jainadharma zikSA samiti, baDauta (meraTha), 1984. 8. tattvArthasUtra : umAsvAti (mi) kRta, paM. sukhalAlajI kI TIkA ke sAtha mUla saMskRta graMtha, aMgrejI anuvAdaka ke. ke. dIkSita, ela.DI. iMsTIsyUTa Apha iMDolojI, ahamadAbAda, 1974. 9. tattvArthasUtra; aMgrejI anuvAda : daiTa vhica ija', nathamala TATiyA, pI. esa. jainI Adi, hArpara kolinsa, laMdana, 1994. (sekreDa liTarecara sIrIja) 10. mahApurANa, bhAga 1-3; puSpadaMta, apabhraMza graMtha, (saM.) pI. ela. vaidya; mANikacaMdra di. jaina graMthamAlA, baMbaI, 1937-47. 11. niyamasAra; kuMdakuMda; aMgrejI anu. ugrasena jaina, seMTrala jaina pabliziMga hAusa, lakhanaU, 1931. 12. paMcAstikAya-sAra; kuMdakuMda, saMskRta aura aMgrejI anuvAda e cakavartI aura e ena upAdhye, bhAratIya jJAnapITha dillI 1975 13. pravacanasAra; kuMdakuMda kA prAkRta graMtha (amRtacaMda kI tattvadIpikA, jayasena kI tAtparyavRtti aura hemarAja pAMDe kI bAlAvabodha bhASA TIkA ke sAtha). (saMpA.) e. ena. upAdhye, rAjendra jaina zAstramAlA, agAsa, 1934. 14. samaNasuttaM; sarva sevA saMgha, vArANasI, 1993.

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saMdarbha graMtha sUcI 147 15. samayasAra; kuMdakuMda kA prAkRta graMtha (amRtacaMdra kI AtmakhyAti TIkA ke sAtha), mUla graMtha aura aMgrejI anuvAda : e. cakavartI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1971, 16. yogazAstra; hemacaMdra, hindI anuvAda ke sAtha mUla saMskRta graMtha, anu. muni padmavijaya, zrI nigraMtha sAhitya prakAzana saMgha, dillI 1975 17. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya; jinabhadragaNi : saMpAdaka nathamala TATiyA; risarca isTITayUTa oNpha prAkRta, jainolojI eNDa ahiMsA, vaizAlI, 1972 18. vizvaprahelikA; mahendra muni, javerI prakAzana, mATuMgA, baMbaI, 1969. 19. kaSAya; sAdhvI hemaprajJA, vicakSaNa prakAzana, iMdaura, 1999. 20. gyAraha pratimAyeM; mahAtmA bhagavAnadIna, prabuddha jaina vicAra maMca, kalakattA-7, 2000. 21. merI bhAvanA; jugala kizora mukhtAra, jaina sAhitya sadana, naI dillI, 1981. 22. tIrthaMkara vardhamAna; muni vidyAnaMda, vIra nirvANa graMtha prakAzana samiti, iMdaura, 1973.

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148 jainadharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA a. 3 : Modern Works 1. Amarendravijay (1993); Science Discovers Eternal Wisdom, Jain Sahitya Academy, Gandhidham. 2. Basham, A.L. (1958); Jainism and Buddhism, Sources in Indian Tradition, ed. De Bary, W.T., Vol. 1, 38-92, Columbia University Press, New York. 3. Bharucha, F. (1993); Role of Space-Time in Jaina's Syadvada and Quantum Theory, Sri Satguru Publications, Delhi. 4. Capra, F. (1975); Tao of Physics. Bantam Books, New York. 5. Carrithers, M. & Humphrey, C. (1991); The Assembly of Listeners, Jains in Society, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 6. Chitrabhanu, Gurudev Shree (1980); Twelve Facets of Reality. The Jain Path of Freedom. (Edited by Clare Rosenfield), Dodd, Mead & Co., New York 7. Davies, P.C.W. (1983); God and the New Physics. London: J.M. Dent; Penguin Books (1984). 8. Dundas, P. (1992); The Jains, Routledge, London. 9. Einstein, A. (1940); Science and Religion, Nature, Vol. 146, pp. 605-7. 10. Einstein, A. (1941); "Science and Religion" First conference of Science, Philosophy and Religion, New York (Reprinted in Ideas and Opinions, 1973, Souvenir Press, London). 11. d'Espagnat, B. (1979); The Quantum Theory and Reality, Scientific American, 241, pp. 128-40. 12. Gamow, G. (1965); Mr. Tompkins in Paperback. Cambridge University Press 13. Von Glasenapp, H. (1942); The Doctrine of Karma in Jain Philosophy. tr. from the German by G. Barry Gifford. Bai Vijibhai Jivanlal Pannalal Charity Fund, Bombay. 14. Gribbin, J. (1984); In Search of Schrodinger's Cat, Wildwood House (Reprinted by Corgi books).

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saMdarbha graMtha sUcI 15. Haldane, J.B.S. (1957); "The syadvada system of predication." Sankhya, A 18, pp. 195-200. 16. Hawking, S.W. (1988); A Brief History of Time, Bantam Press, London. 149 17. Hay, S.N. (1970); Jain influences on Gandhi's early thought in Gandhi, India and the World, ed. S. Ray, pp. 29-38. Philadelphia, Temple University Press. 18. Jacobi, Hermann (1884, 1895); Jaina Sutras, Vol. 1,2, Sacred Books of the East, 'XXII, XLV; Oxford. Reprinted (1968), Dover Publications, New York. 19. Jahn, R.G. (1982); "The Persistent Paradox of Psychic Phenomena: an engineering perspective." Proc. Inst. of Elec. & Electronics Engr., 70 PP. 136-70. 20. Jain, D.C. (1990); (Editor) Studies in Jainism, Jain Study Circle, Flushing, New York. 21. Jain, C.R. (1929); The Practical Dharma, The Indian Press, Allahabad (Re-printed as Fundamentals of Jainism, 1974, Veer Nirvan Bharti, Meerut). 22. Jain, G.R. (1975); Cosmology Old and New. Bharatiya Jnanpitha Publication, Delhi. 23. Jain, H.L. and Upadhye, A.N. (1974); Mahavira: his Times and his Philosophy of Life. Bharatiya Jnanpitha Publication, Delhi. 24. Jain, L.C. (1992); The Tao of Jaina Sciences. Arihant International, Delhi. 25. Jain, N.L. (1993); (a) Jain Systems in Nutshell. Nij-Jnan-Sagar Shiksha Kosha, Satna. (b) Jaina Karmology (1998), Parshwanath Vidyapith, Varanasi (c) Scientific Contents in Prakrta Canons, (1996)Parshwanath Vidyapith, Varanasi 26. Jain, S.K. (1980); Communication Regarding the Process of Rebirth in Karma and Rebirth in Classical Indian Traditions, ed. By W.D. O'Flaherty. pp. 237-8. University of California Press, Berkeley. 27. Jaini, J.L. (1916); Outlines of Jainism. Cambridge. Reprinted in 1979. J.L. Jaini Trust, Indore.

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150 jainadharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA 28. Jaini, P.S. (1979); (a) The Jaina Path of Purification. University of California Press: Berkeley (Reprinted by Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi); (b) Gender and Salvation. (1991); University of California Press, Berkeley. 29. Kapashi, V. (1985); Jainism for Young Persons. Jain Samaj Publications, Leicester. 30. Kapashi, V., Shah, A. and Desai, K. (1994); Text Book of Jainism : Level I. Institute of Jainology, London. 31. Khursheed, A. (1987); Science and Religion. One World Publication, London. 32. King, Ursula (1987); "Jainism." In The Encyclopedia of World Faiths. Ed. Bishop, P. and Darton, M. Macdonald Orbis 1987, London and Sydney. 33. Kothari, D.S. (1975); Some Thoughts on Truth. Anniversary Address, Indian National Science Academy, pp. 1-23, Delhi. 34. Mahalanobis, P.C. (1954); "The Foundations of Statistics." Dialectica 8, pp. 95-111. 35. Mardia K.V. (1975); "Jain Logic and Statistical Concepts." Jain Antiquary and Jaina Siddhanta Bhaskar, Oriental Research Institute, Arrah, 27, pp. 33-7. 36. Mardia K.V. (1981); "Why Paryushana is Doing Your Own MOT?" The Jain, 3, issue 9, pp. 4-5. 37. Mardia K.V. (1982); "Mahavira as a Man." The Jain, 4, issue 11, p.16. 38. Mardia K.V. (1988a); Discussion to "Probability, Statistics and Theology", by D.J. Bartholomew. J. Roy. Statist. Soc A 151, pp. 166-7. 39. Mardia K.V. (1988b); "Jain Culture." The Jain, Pratistha Mahotsava Souvenir Issue, pp. 51-3. Jain Samaj Publications, Leicester 40. Mardia K.V. (1991); "Modern Science and the Principle of Karmons in Jainism." Jain Journal, Vol. 26, pp. 116-19.

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saMdarbha graMtha sUcI 151 41. Mardia K.V. (1992); Jain Thoughts and Prayers, The Yorkshire, Jain Foundation, Leeds. 42. Marett, P. (1985); Jainism Explained, Jain Samaj Europe Publications, Leicester. 43. Motilal, B.K. (1981); The Central Philosophy of Jainism (Anekanta-vada), L.D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad. 44. Mehta, M.L. (1995); Jaina Psychology, Sohanlal Jaindharma Pracharak Samiti; Amritsar. 45. Nandighoshvijay, Munishri (1995); Jainism : Through Science, Shri Mahavira Jain Vidyalaya, Bombay. 46. Nathmal, Muni (1970); Wisdom of Mahavira, tr. Bhuteria, K. and Manian, K.S., Adarsa Sahitya Sangh Publication, Churu. 47. Oldfield, K. (1989); Jainism: The path of purity and peace, Christian Education Movement, Derby. 48. Pal, P. (1994); The Peaceful Liberators: Jain Art from India, Themes and Hudson, Los Angeles Country Museum of Art. 49. Pedler, K. (1981); Mind over Matter, Thomas Methuen, London. 50. Popper, K.R. (1968); The Logic of Scientific Discovery. 2nd ed. Hutchinson, London. 51. Shah, A.K. (1991); Experiments with Jainism. Young Jains Publications, London. 52. Shah, B.S. (1992); An Introduction to Jainism. The Setubandh Publications, New York. 53. Sheldrake, R. (1981); A New Science of Life. Blond & Briggs Ltd., (Paladin Books, 1983). 54. Singhvi, L.M. (1990); The Jain Declaration on Nature. The Jain Sacred Literature Trust, London. 55. Stevenson, S. (1915); The Heart of Jainism. Oxford University Press. Reprinted in 1970, Delhi (also see, review The Jain, 1983, pp. 5-6.) 56. Tatia, N. (1994); New Dimensions in Jaina Logic. tr. of "Jaina Nyaya ka Vikasa" by Mahaprajna Yuvacaryashri, Jaina Vishva Bharati, Ladnun. 57. Tatia N. (1986); Jaina Meditation : Citta Samadhi : Jaina-Yoga. Jaina Vishva Bharati, Ladnun.

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152 jainadharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA 58. Tobias, M. (1991); Life Force. (The World of Jainism), Asian Humanities Press, Berkeley. 59. Vakharia, N.N. (1978); Cosmological Truths of Ancient Indian Religions : Jainism and Hinduism. Flint, Michigan. 60. Williams, R. (1963); Jaina Yoga: A Survey of the Mediaeval Sravakacaras. Oxford University Press, London (Reprint, Motilal Banarsidass, 1983) 61. Wilson, I. (1981); Mind out of Time ? Gollancz, London. 62. Zaveri, J.S. (1975); Theory of Atom in the Jaina Philosophy. Jaina Vishva Bharati, Ladnun.

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zabdAvalI anukramaNikA 37 A Reality (Dravya); Medium of Rest, 37, 47 aghAtiyA : Non-destructive Karmas; Secondary Karmic components, 34, 51 3 Non-Violence; Harmlessness, 70, 78 37 Non-soul, Insentient object, Non-living being, 23, 18, 31, 114 alokAkAza: Unoccupied space; a reality, 47 amUr3ha-dRSTi: Freedom from false notions, Non-infatuated vision, 98, 103 anekAMtavAda : Jaina Holistic Principle, Theory of Manifold Predication, 109, 110, 112, 113 aMga : Jaina Primary Scriptures, Main texts, 136 aMgabAhya : Jaina Secondary Scriptures, Subsidiary texts, 136 anitya : Impermanent, an anupraksha (reflections), 104 anivRtti - karaNa : Uniformly mild passions (or volitions), a Gunasthana, 74, 87 anubhAva : Potential energy in karman decay; Intensity bond, 23 aNu-brahmacaryavrata : Minor vow of celibacy, Sex within marriage, no sexual deviations, 103 anuprekSA : Introspective Reflections, twelve kinds, 103 (Five) minor or lower Vows, 103 anuyoga : Expositions, Secondary scripture, Exposition-based scripture, 139 anyatva : Separateness, a reflection, 104 3 Non-possession, Nonattachment, 103 ApokAyika/jalakAyika: Waterbodies, Water-bodied, 31 apramatta-virata : Enlightened world view with careful or vigilant restraint, Carelessness-free restraint, 74, 87 apUrva-karaNa : Unprecedented Volitions, a Gunasthana, 74, 80, 96 AraMbhajA hiMsA : Domestic or occupational violence, 70 arihaMta : Perfect being, Venerable, Enlightened, 23 ArtadhyAna : Mournful meditation, 104 azaraNa : Helplessness; a reflection, 104

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154 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA 3647 : Realisation, Fruition, Operation, 23 34 : Spiritual Preceptor, 29 asAtAvedanIya : Pain-producing karma, Secondary karmic component, 47 376EURIT : Eight qualities of True insight or Right faith, 103 37 : No-stealing, 103 37919 : Impurity, a reflection, 104 37afersi : Clairvoyance, Limiting Knowledge, 113 avasarpiNI : Regressive half cycle of time, 79 37faca-s oba-site: Non restrained enlightened world view, a Gunasthana 74, 87 37akla : Non-abstinence, 59 37TT opari Static omniscient, a Gunasthana, 74, 87 373797 : Fallacy, 122 31712 : Spiritual master, Head of the Order, Religious Minister, 30, 32, 34, 91 AcArAMga : The first primary cannon, 138 3ITTA : Jaina sacred scripture, Canon, 136 37TTT: A reality, space, 23, 34 Ayu : Secondary Karmic component, Longevity determining, 47 31199412 : A scripture of Essential duties, 139 99 : Karmic influx, Force, A reflection, 104 3446 : Safe-guarding, 103 39914 : Subsidence, suppression, 23 39911-HTE : Partially complete self-restraint with suppressed delusion or greed, Subsided Delusion : a Gunasthana, 74, 87 utsarpiNI : Progressive half cycle of time, 70 uttarAdhyayana : A subsidiary scripture, (Post-studies scripture), 139 Tehran : Aloneness, Solitariness, A reflection, 104 karaNAnuyoga : A secondary scripture; Exposition of Cosmology and Sciences, 139 o n : Volition, Instrument. first : Time, A dravya, 47 Chinesh : Temporal cycle, Progressive half-cycle (Utsarpina); Regressive halfcycle (Avasarpini); Susama (happy); Dusama (misery, unhappy), 70 kalpasUtra : A book of subsidiary scripture, 70 eft : Karmic matter, Composed of Karmon particle, 19, 22

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zabdAvalI anukramaNikA 155 karma ghaTaka : Eight Karmic components, 46 Carta Orte : A type of bodies, Karmic body, 47 (see sarira) 974 : Passions; Four principal passions, 59 la TEL : Body, a guard, 116, embodiment, 1 Sit : Infinite knowledge, Absolute Knowledge, Omniscience 113 soter : Anger, 59 The : Completely eliminated greed or delusion, a Gunasthana, 117 ya : Four existences, destinity, 31 at : Environment determining; A karmic component, 47 T (376AT 5 : Attributes, soul's element, 22 I'R : Spiritual stage, Purification stage, fourteen in number, 97 let : Guard, Kaya (body), Mana (mind), Vacana (Speech), 163 ghAtiyA karma : Destructive karmas; Primary Karmic components, 46 cAritra mohanIya : Conduct deluding, A karmic component, 46 caraNAnuyoga : Exposition of Primary and Secondary conduct, A form of scripture, 140 ole PARIS : Honour to Jina, Victory to Jina, 1 Pofta : Tirthanakara, Victor of inner enemies, 1 ofta : Soul, a Dravya; The sentient or living being, 47 STT : Knowledge, 12, 19, 22, 34 score 64 : Knowledge - obscuring karma; A karmic component, 47 NA STATE : Karmic capsule, Luminous body, 47 arvu tier : A Jaina sub-school of Digambaras, nonidolaters, non-temple believers, 10 are : Nine reals (Spritual), 23 tattvArthasUtra : An authentic book of Jaina principles, (Formulary of Reals), 10, 109, 163-164. asical : Fire-bodied, Fire bodies, 35. terApaMtha : A sub-school of Svetambara, non-idolaters; a sub-school of Digambaras idolators, 10 tIrthaMkara : Omniscient Spiritual Teacher, Ford-builder, 1, 10 Pasta : Animal/plant life, sub humans, 34

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156 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA - : Three jewels, Gem trio, 104 darzanAvaraNa : Conation/ perception-obscuring, A karmic component, 47 darzana mohanIya : Insight or faith deluding; A karmic component, 47 Gaf : Faith, Perception, Intuition, Conation, 12, 22 CAT-EM : Decad of Righteousness, Ten-fold righteousness, 103 Tatachistan : A subsidiary text, (to be studied out of time), 156, 159, 164 29 : Heavenly being, Empyreans, (a) 7 : Righteousness, duty, 103 (b) : Medium of motion; a Dravya, 47 agt-faca : Partial self-restraint, a Gunasthana, 87 E T : Virtuous meditation, Meditation on reality, 104 -FOR 17 : Jaina teachings; a reflection, 104 2017 : Meditation, 104 Paper : A school of Jainas, Sky-clad monk, 10 dravyAnuyoga : Exposition of Reals and Realities; a scripture, 140 Sat : Existent, Reality, Six kinds, 47 941 : Misery, unhappiness, Penury, See 'Kala', 70 2 :Aversion, 59 Thonet : Physique-making or body-producing karma; A karmic component, 47 arrest : A hellish being; Infernal being, 31 RICH : (Unique) Standpoint principle, 113 Ata : Micro-organisms, Lowest life, 31 A : Positing : Classification of imports of words, 113 A: a : Freedom from anticipation/desires, 103 Fugirenci : Freedom from doubt, 103 poter : Shedding, karmic fission/decay, 104 Araripartit : Freedom from disgust, 103 77-69r : Subsidiary passion, Quasi-passion, 59 paMca parameSThI : Five spiritually high, five paragons, 34 414 : Sin, Heavy Karmic matter, 22,73 92414 : ultimate particle/atom, 47 RUE : Possession, attachment, 3,98, 102, 109, 147 96-opt : Affiliction mastery, 104 atge : 23rd Tirthankara, 2, 10

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zabdAvalI anukramaNikA 157 491971 : Illumination, glorification, 103 4627 : Space point, point, 23 pradeza : Number of Karmons in Karmic fusion, 47 topla : Type bond; Karmic component of Karmic force, 23 9 : Carelessness, non vigilance, 59 pramANa : Comprehensive right knowledge, Organ of knowledge, 113 41-faat : Enlightened world view with non-vigilant self restraint, 87 prathamAnuyoga : Exposition of biography, a scripture type, 139 afrit : Renunciation stages, Mental resolves for vows etc., 103 geait-alpes : Earth-bodied, Earth-bodies, 35 Gora : Matter, mattergy, a Dravya, 22, 127 que : Merit, Sacred, Light karmic matter, 22, 73 c: Pre-canon, Jaina Scripture, Old texts, 156 ale : Karmic bondage/ fusion, HOT : Freedom-longing (catalyst), Liberatablity, 23 #19 : Volition, Mode, 59 99 : Birth-state. HER : 24h Tirthankara, 2, 10 Herci, ota : Life of Mahavira, 151, 155 mahApurANa : A text of biography of Elders, 20 T: Mind, Psychical brain, 103 FF: Pride, A passion, 67 4:42. gn : Mind-reading knowledge, telepathy, 113 Hiasa : Sensory knowledge, Empirical knowledge, 113 Hae: Humans, 34 HRT: Deceit, 67 ter : Liberation, Salvation, 22, 116 78: Mixture of Deluded and Enlightened world view, A Gunasthana, 87 Zaft : Wrong faith/view, 59 Deluded world view, Wrong-faithed, A Gunasthana, 86 8-47 : Mouth mask, 10 qof : Attachment, 147 T : Activities of body, mind and speech, Yoga, 59 TT : Attachment, 59 FT : Rsabha, The first Tirthankara, 1, 2, 10 22 difer-enter: Rarity of true insight or enlightenment, a reflection, 104

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158 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA TEET : Wrathful/Cruel meditation, 104 TOUT : Karmic stain on soul, Aureole, Aural colouration, 147 MT : Greed, 67, 89 slian : Universe, A reflection, 104 Chcet : Occupied space, A Dravya, 54 277 : Speech, 103 aufort : Variform, Particle grouping, 47 are : Disinterested love, 103 ara-cara : Air-bodied, Air bodies, 35 vedanIya : Feeling producing karma, A karmic component, 47 Pasteft PE HT : Defensive violence, 70 24 : Energy, potency, 22 -Bir : Energy obstructing, A karmic component, 47 SAU : Monk, Striver monk, 154 $792 : Jaina Layman, Votary, 103, 154 STT : Verbal/Articulate/ Vocable knowledge, 113 Preky 21 : Pure trance, Absolute meditation, 104 garailer : A Jaina school, A white-clad monk, 10 Ary : Saint, Monk, 31 RITGEEST : In some respect, it is, 113 samyak-cAritra : Right conduct, 104 FREE-Gator : Right faith, Rational View/ EWV, 104 HR -site, faca : Enlightened World View, Non-abstained, 97 Foto-S1 : Right-knowledge, 104 a : Watchfulness, Carefulness, 103 saMkalpI hiMsA : Pre-meditated violence, Intentional violence, 70 Hae: A real, Stoppage of karma, Karmic force shield, A reflection, 104 1974 -7 : The seven-fold conditional predication, 113 ARGEGH/HRAIG : Lingering right faith, 97 : Body, type of bodies, 47 sAtAvedanIya : Pleasure producing, A karmic component, 47 HRT: Truthfulness, truth, 103 sayoga kevalI : Dynamic omniscient state, A Gunasthana, 87 PUES : Liberated Soul, 23, 31 arit : A Jaina sub-school of Svetambaras; non-idolater, Non-temple believer, 10 P

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zabdAvalI anukramaNikA 159 sthiti : Duration, Time to decay ___the fused karmons, 23 sthitikaraNa : Promoting stability, stablisation, 103 saMyama : Restraint, Self-restraint, ____82, 88 sukha : Bliss, Happiness, 24 sUkSma-moha/samparAya : Subtle greed/delusion, A Gunasthana, 87 suSamA : Happiness, see Kala, 70 sUtrakRtAMga : A primary scripture, Second Primary Scripture, syAdasti-nAsti ca : In some respects, it is and it is not, 113 syAdasti-nAsti ca avaktavyazca : In some respect, it is, it is not and indeterminate, 113 syAdvAda : Conditional predication principle, 113 syAt-avaktavya : In some respect; it is indeterminate. 113 syAt : In some respect, 113 syAt nAsti : In some respect, it ____is not, 113 syAt nAsti ca avaktavyazca : In some respect, it is not and is inderminate, 113 158 syAdasti : In some respect, it is, 113 syAdasti ca avaktavyazca : In some respect, it is and is indeterminate, 113

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sAmAnya anukramaNikA avaktavya 109 avadhijJAna 106, 113, 120 ava-paramANuka 12 avasarpiNI/avanatimAna 1, 67, 78 avirati/asaMyama 57, 58, 82 azaraNatva 93 asaMyama 49, 50 astikAya 19, navatattva 22 astitva kI avasthAyeM 28 / ahiMsA 3,66, 70 - kA bhAva pakSa 73, - ke vyAvahArika ghaTaka 64, sakArAtmaka 62, 64, 82, 88 akalaMka 140 agnikAyika 25 a - ghaTaka 34, a, - ghaTaka 34, a - ghaTaka 34 aghAtiyA karma 34, 59 ajIva 42, 136 aNuvrata 103 adhyAropaNa siddhAnta 124 adharmadravya 34, 47 adhiSThita AkAza/lokAkAza 37 anadhiSThita AkAza/alokAkAza 37 anAdi 1 anidriya pratyakSa 106 anivRttikaraNa 87 anuprekSA/bhAvanA 93 anubhAva 23 anubhUti 78 anubhUti-utpAdaka ghaTaka 35 anumAna padI 107 anumAna ke pAMca avayava 107 anuyoga 139, karaNAnuyoga 139, __caraNAnuyoga 140, dravyAnuyoga 140, prathamAnuyoga 139 anekAMtavAda 109, 112, 113 anaMta 13, 19, darzana 35, 42, 43 vIrya 35, 42, 43 sukha 35, 42, 43 jJAna 35, 42, 43 anaMta catuSTaya 27 aMjIra 63 aMtara-AtmA 88 anyonyakriyA 12, 13, 17, 25, 40, 43, 62, 98, 131, 136, 137 aparAdhI 27 aparigraha 90 apUrvakaraNa 96 amUrta 48 amRtacaMda 160 arastU 107 arihaMta/arhat 1, 23, 29, 31 ardhamAgadhI 1, 161 AiMsTIna, elabarTa 130, 141, 143, 146 AkAza 37, alokAkAza 37, pradeza 37, lokAkAza 37, bindu 37 AkRti kSetra/morphika phIlDa 123 Agama graMtha 136, prAthamika 136 AcAra dazA 138 AcArAMga 138, 143 AjIvaka 133 Atma-vijaya 1 Atma-saMyama 88, 146 AtmA 11-15, anurUpatA, cuMbaka se 22, - ke ghaTaka/mUla tattva 12 darzana-ghaTaka 13, guNasthAna 83, zodhana kI dhurI 83, saMdUSita 46 Adhunika kaNa bhautikI 116 AcArya 29, upAdhyAya 29, 31 Adhunika bhautikI 42 AdhyAtmika vikAsa 110 Ayukarma 47 Ayu-nirdhAraka ghaTaka 34 ArtadhyAna, 104 Avazyaka 139 Amrava 14 ilekTraoNna 34, 116, 117 Izvara kI dhAraNA 134 Izvara ke virodha meM tarka 20

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sAmAnya zabdAnukramaNikA 161 uttara-jIvitA 71 uttarAdhyayana 139, 143, 164 utparivartanIya 115 utsarpiNI/pragatimAna 67, 70 udIraNa 61 upAdhyAya 27, 29, 31, upavAsa 89 upazama 76 upazamana 76 upAdhye, e. ena. 134 umAsvAti 89, 97, 140, 141, - kA tattvArthasUtra 140, 141 kArmana kaNa 12-15, 18, 20, 41 kArmika-abhikAraka 127 kArmika ghanatva 15, 24 kArmika ghanatva kI dhurI 84 kArmika dravya 11 kArmika zarIra 36, 40 kArmika saMpuTa 40, 41 kRSNa vivara 43 kvAMTama tarkazAstra, 109 kvAMTama siddhAnta, 114 kvArka, 117, 118, - ke rasa 118 khurzIda 124 Utaka 80 UrjA aura pudgala, 130 ekatva (bhAvanA) 93 ekadezAvagAhI 24 e-paisiyono 121 evaMbhUtanaya 106 kaNa bhautikI 114, 122 kiNvana 71 keparA, epha. 46 karaNAnuyoga 139 karuNAbhAva 88 karma-pudgala 13, 15, 21 karma-baMdha 14, 15, 16, 18 kalpasUtra 138 kaSAya 49, 51, 53, - aura bhAvoM kI taratamatA 54, - kI pAMca koTiyAM 54 kaSAyapAhuDa 138, 140 kAla, eka cauthA AyAma 39, 140 kuMdakuMda 34, 45, 140, niyamasAra 140, paMcAstikAya 140, pravacanasAra 140. samayasAra 140 kevalajJAna 113 koThArI, DI. esa. 109 kozala 1 krodha 54, 55, 72. 79, 93, - kA samaya 56, kAra cAlaka meM cAra kaSAyeM 102 gatika/gatizIla-ahiMsA 70, karma-baMdha kI prakriyA 14, karma-viyojana kI prakriyA 84, bala 44, saMyoga kevalI avasthA 84, 90, 91, 98, 108 gati paryAya 38 gaMdha 42, - ke do prakAra 43 gAmo, jI. 115 gAMdhI, mahAtmA 3, 75 guNasthAna 73, 91, sAMpa-sIr3hI kA khela 144 gupti 92, 95 gurutvIya bala 12, 31, 135 gotra karma 51, 154 gozAla 133 gautama, iMdrabhUti 72, 133, 157 gautama buddha 3 gaoNja bosaoNna 116, 118, 120, nibana je. 115 glejanapa, vaoNna esa, 56 glu oNna 119 greviTaoNna 120 ghAtiyA ghaTaka 30 ghAtiyA karma 90 caturvidha saMgha 27e 133 caraNAnuyoga 140 cAra gatiyAM 28 cAritra mohanIya 46

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162 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA citrabhAnu, gurUdeva, 64 cumbaka aura saMdUSita AtmA 21 cetanA kA stara 25 caMDakauzika 44, 134 caMdanA 134 jainoM kI kaNa-bhautikI 49, 50 jainoM kI madhyama paMcapadI, 107 jo. kITana 53 TATiyA, ena. ema. 106, 112 Tekiyona 123 TobAyAsa, mAikela 126 cha: dravya 42 cheda-sUtra 137 DArvina 115 DI. ena. e. 122 DI' spaganeTa, bI., 114 DevIsa, pI. sI. DablU 124 jambUsvAmI 79 janma-maraNa ke cakra 37 jaya jinendra 1 jaya dhavalA 138 jayAcArya 137 jalakAyika 25, 35 javerI, je. esa. 47, 122 jaoNna, Ara. jI. 114 jAmAli 131, 134 jAyagoTa/yugmanaja 122 jinabhadra gaNi 137 jinasena 138, 140 jIva 13, 48, 121 jIvana kA anukrama 3-8, jIvana-cakra 39, 40 jIvana-dhurI 27, 28, 29, 30 jIvana ke yUniTa/ikAI 24-27, 71, 72, 94, 148 jaikobI, eca. 70 jaina 1, 3, Agama, 9 itihAsa kI mahattvapUrNa tithiyAM 5, kAla-cakra 68, tarkazAstra 119, 145, darzana 12, dharma 1, 2, 3, 12, nyAya 2, paMtha kI satyatA 106, yoga 58, vicAra 12, vijJAna, 19, 21, 45, 48, vizva kAla-cakra 75, 92, 140, sampradAya 3, siddhAnta jaina, sI. Ara. 40 jaina, jI. Ara. 116, 122, 123, 139 jaina, eca. ela. 134 jaina, ena. ela. 41 jaina, esa. ke. 121 jainI, je., ela, 112, 129 jainI, pI. esa. 16, 23, 31, 48, 60, 71 tattvArthasUtra 140, 141,142, 143 tapa/tapasyA 32, 88, 101, 110, 146 tIna ratna 104 tIrthakara 1, 29, 67, 69, 136, 138, kAlakhaMDa 67, 68, kriyAzIla/ sakriya sarvajJatA ke caraNa 91 caubIsaveM tIrthakara 2, jIvita tIrthakara 76, 80, teIsaveM tIrthaMkara 2, pArzva 2, mahAvIra 2, 72, 79, 151, 166, RSabha 1, 2, 9 tejaskAyika/agnikAyika 25, 28 taijasazarIra/uSma zarIra 47 taijasa zarIra-saMpuTa 35, 40 tyAga 102, 103, 110, - aura dharma 104, - gyAraha pratimAyeM, 102, - nigoda-jIvoM kA 80, mahAvIra kA, 152 thAmasana, je. je. 116 darzana aura dRSTikoNa, 87 darzana-Avaraka ghaTaka 33 darzana mohanIya 51, 86 darzanAvaraNa ghaTaka/da-ghaTaka 33, 39, 53 dazadharma, 92, 104, 116 dazaveyAliya 136, 139, 143 divAkara, siddhasena 140 deva, 28, deva avasthA , 28, 30 devardhigaNi 136

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sAmAnya zabdAnukramaNikA devendra sUri 138 dRSTivAda 138 dravya 37, 38 dravyAnuyoga, 140 dvitIyaka kArmika ghaTaka 35, 36 dvitIyaka ghaTaka 35 dvitIyaka jaina Agama 139 dveSa samUha 54 dharmadravya 37, 38, 47 dhavalA 138 dhyAna 89, 95 96 97, 104, Arta 96, 104, dharma 104, nakArAtmaka 109, raudra 97, 104, zukla 104 dhruvasena 139 nathamala muni 136, 163 naya 119, 120, sAta naya 120, 121 navatattva 18, 22 nAmakarma 54, 60, nAraka avasthA, 28, 30 nAstikavAdI 20 nigoda / sUkSma jIvANu, 31 nirjarA / nirjharaNa 14, 19, 22, 101 - naigama naya 106 no- kaSAya, 59 nyAya vAkya 110 niSedhAtmaka ghaTaka 33 nissaraNa / nirjharaNa 101 kA prabhAva 61 nyAyAvatAra 140 nyUkliyasa 116 117 nyUkliyaoNna 116 nyUklIya abhikAraka 127 nyUklIya bala, prabala / durbala, 115 nyUTraoNna 116, 118 nyUTrino 123 paMcapadI 107 paMcAstikAya 142 pataMjali 140 padAthorjA / maiTarjI 39 paramANu 114, 116, kArya 39, 139, kAraNa 39, 139, carama 39 parameSThI 31 parA - anIzvaravAdI 20 parigraha 31, 57, 77, 147 parISahajaya 89, 94 paryAvaraNa kI samasyAyeM 129 paryAvaraNa nirdhAraka ghaTaka / va-ghaTaka 34 paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa 129 paryUSaNa parva 138 palyopama 69 pazu / tiryaMca avasthA, 30, 31 pazu ke jIvana yUniTa 29 pAulI - apavarjana niyama 40 paoNpara, ke. 112 pAyona 117 pAvalova 127 pudgala 18, 22, 43, 130, 144, dekho karma-pudgala, koTiyAM, 40, ke guNa 48 punarjanma 44, 45, 46 pUjyapAda 140 peTrola aura AtmA kI zuddhi 21 pe - siyono 121 paiDalara, kiTa 46 paudhoM ke jIvana- yUniTa 26 pRthvI kAyika 25 pyAja ke jIvana yUniTa 26 prakIrNaka 138 pravacanasAra, 140 prAthamika kaNa 114 prAyazcitta 51 proTaoNna 1 phenamaina ke rekhAcitra 119 pheromona 122 phoTaoNna 119 163 prathamAnuyoga, 139 pradeza 23 pramANa 105, 106, aniMdriyaja, anumAna, iMdriyaja, tarka, parokSa, pratyakSa, pratyabhijJAna, smRti - sabhI 106 para pramAda 49, 50, 79, 87 baMdha 72 karma, kI

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164 jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA bala 39, 45, 140, anyonyakriyAyeM, 131, amUrta, 12, cAra bala 115, gatika 39, cumbakIya, 23, prAkRtika 45, mahA, 131, mUlabhUta, 131, sthitika 39 bala-kSetra kavaca 21 bAdhita vIrya, 14 bAraha bhAvanAyeM, 93 bAzama, e. ela. 43, 45, 124 biMbasAra, zreNika 134 beriyaoNna 120, 121 bosaoNna 120, 122 mUla guNa 34, 80 mUlasUtra 138 mRtyu 36 mehatA, bI. ela. 59 maitrI 64 mokSa 22 moTara-cAlana kI upamA 73 moTara kA saMcAlana aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa 102 yazodA 131 yazovijaya 140 yoga 50, 99, jaina 50 69, sakArAtmaka, nakArAtmaka 50, 58 yogazAstra 143 yogasUtra 140 bhagavatI 138 bhagavAnadIna, mahAtmA 91 bharUcA, epha. 109 bhArI karma-pudgala 22 bhautika ghaTaka 11 ratnatraya 97, 104, 135 radaraphorDa 116 rasa 42, - ke pAMca prakAra 43 rAgadveSa 1 rAga-samUha 54 rAyacaMda bhAI 3 RjusUtra naya 106 riSabhadeva 1, 3, reDiyodharmitA 155 raudra dhyAna, 97 magadha 1 matijJAna 105 mana 43, chaThI iMdriya, 43, svastika, 30 manuSya avasthA, 28, 30 manogupti, 92 manaHparyava jJAna 105, 106 maraDiyA, ke. vI. 64, 67, 100, 110, 112, 114 mahalanobisa 109, 127 mahAvIra 64, 70, 131, 144 - kI mUrti 5, jIvanavRtta 131, tIrthaMkara ke rUpa ___ meM 133, vardhamAna 131 mahAvrata 91 mATIlAla, bI. ke. 112 mAna 54, 55, 56 mAnasika avasthAyeM deva, nAraka, pazu, manuSya 30 mAyA 53, 54 mAMsa-parihAra, 71 mithyAtva/mithyAdarzana 49, 50, 92-94 mIsaoNna 117, 118, 135 mukta AtmA 13, 23 mukti 13, 18 mukhtAra, je. ke. 64 laghu karma pudgala 1,9 lepTaoNna 117, 118 lezyA 129 lobha 56, 64 lokAzAha 6, 10 varNa 42 ke pAMca prakAra 43 varNakUTa/lezyA 129 vAyukAyika 25, 35 vikAsavAda 115 vigraha gamana/gati 51, 54 vidyAnaMda 140 vidyut cumbakIya bala 119 vidyut cumbakIya taraMga 47 viparyasta vIrya 37

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sAmAnya zabdAnukramaNikA 165 / viyojana 53 vilsana 46 vilopana 86 vizeSAvazyakabhASya 142 vIrasena 138 vIrya-avarodhaka-ghaTaka, 35 vIryAtmaka ghaTaka 13, 16 vedanIya karma 47 vyavahAranaya 106 vyApti/saha-dharmitA, 120 zabda naya 106 zarIra-nirmANaka ghaTaka 39 zalAkApuruSa 1 zAkAhAra 127 zAha, e. Ara. 126 zuddha AtmA 12 zuddhi kI koTi 24 zuddhikaraNa 11 zuddhikaraNa ke upAya 89 zuddhikaraNa ke caraNa 74 zuddhikaraNa kI dhurI 74 zelDreka, Ara. 123 zramaNa 134 zrAvaka 90, 134 zrutajJAna 105, 113 zvetAmbara 136, 137 samiti 92, IryA 92, eSaNA 92, vacana 92, vyutsarga 92 sAksa, je. jI. 128 sAgaropama 69 sAtAvedanIya karma ghaTaka, 44 sAdhu 80 sApekSa kathana, 106 sApekSavAda 108 sAMpa-sIr3hI kA khela 144 sAMsArika AtmA 11 siMghavI, ela. ema. 126 siddha 23 siddhasena divAkara 140 siddhArtha 131 sukha 12, 13 sukhAtmaka ghaTaka 13 sukha-vikArI karma ghaTaka/a--ghaTaka 46 sukha-vikArI mohanIya karma 59 sudharmA svAmI 136 sUkSma jIva/jIvANu/nigodiyA 3, 25, 63 sUkSma zarIra 54 sUtrakRtAMga 138 seva ke jIvana yUniTa 26 saiddhAntika vijJAna 12 somadeva 140 saMkramaNa 85, 86, anyonya 95 saMgraha naya 106 saMdUSita AtmA 12 saMpuTa, kArmika 40, 41, taijasa, 35, 36 sampradAya 36 sammohana 46 saMyama 79,86 saMvara 22 samyak-cAritra 97, 104 samyak-darzana 3, 86, 109, - ke ATha aMga 101, 117 samyaka-jJAna 97 samyaktva 77 skaMdha kI chaha koTiyAM 45, 116, 117 sTIveMsana, esa. 54 sthAnakavAsI 137 sthiti 23 SaTkhaMDAgama 138, 140 sakArAtmaka guNa 11 sakArAtmaka bala 33 sakArAtmaka yoga 58 sakriyaNa kA samaya 53 sajIva ghaTaka 11 satyasAriNI, 124 sanmatisUtra, 140 saptabhaMgI 108 samaNasuttaM 141 samabhirUr3ha naya 106 samayasAra, 140 samagratA siddhAnta 109, 129, -hAthI aura chaha aMdhe kI upamA, 111

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166 sthitija UrjA 16 sthitija bala 53 sthiti - paryAya 38 sparza 42, sparza-gocaratA 139 sparzana iMdriya 25 ke cAra guNa 43 syAdvAda 108 109, 113 svataHsiddha avadhAraNA 11, 12, 49, 63, avadhAraNA 11, avadhAraNA 24, avadhAraNA-3 32, avadhAraNA-4a 49, avadhAraNA avadhAraNA- 4sa 72 4ba 61, svastika 30 hAiDrojana paramANu 117, 118 haoNkiMga, sTIphana 124, 141 hAthI aura cha: aMdhe 111 - - jaina dharma kI vaijJAnika AdhArazilA hAlDena, je. bI. esa. 112 hiMsA 61, 63, 65, anumodita AraMbhI / udyogI 65, kRta 61, kArita 61, pUrvavicArita / saMkalpita 65, 80, virodhI 65 huMDAvasarpiNI 69 hemacaMdra, 140 kSapaka zreNI 108 trizalA 131 jJAna 12, 13, 22 jJAnabAjI 144 jJAnAtmaka ghaTaka 13, 17 jJAnAvaraNa karma 51 jJAnavaraNa ghaTaka / sa-ghaTaka 33

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___yaha pustaka eka Adhunika vicAraka aura vaijJAnika dvArA likhI gaI hai jise vaijJAnika jJAna ke saMprasAraNa vaM zodhakalA meM aMtarrASTrIya khyAti prApta hai| jaina dharma ko acchI taraha samajhane ke liye yaha pustaka anamola rgadarzaka hai| DA. maraDiyA ke anusAra hai ki jaina dharma mAnatA hai ki koI bhI vyakti "jaina vijJAna kI samagra tyatA ko usa samaya jAna sakatA hai jaba use kevalajJAna yA anaMta jJAna kI kSamatA prApta ho jaaye| jaina jJAna ke satya ko prakaTa karane kA unakA yaha prayatna batAtA hai ki unhoMne jaina dharma ke sAhitya kA gaMbhIra loDana kiyA hai| yaha pustaka satya ko prApta karane tathA apane astitva va uddezya ko samajhane meM sahAyaka ke pa meM, vikAsazIla jaina dharma ko samajhane ke liye, jaina evaM jainetara pAThakoM ke liye mahattvapUrNa mArgadarzikA haiN|| da jaina", aprela 1992 pro. sI. Ara. rAva, epha.Ara.esa, paina sTeTa yUnivarsiTI, amerikA - isa pustaka kA lekhaka saiddhAntika bhautikI tathA jaina darzana-donoM hI kSetroM kA prakAMDa vidvAn haiN| yaha staka sarala tathA subodha rUpa meM paThanIya hai| unhoMne Aja kI bhASA meM eka naI zabdAvalI aura avdhaarnnaaoN| kA samuccaya diyA hai jo vijJAna pUrva samaya kI durUha zabdAvalI meM pracchanna thii| yaha vizvAsapUrvaka AzA kii| nAtI hai ki lekhaka dvArA prastuta patha bhaviSya meM aneka vidvAnoM dvArA anusarita kiyA jaaygaa| yaha pustaka tyeka jaina yA jainetara jijJAsu kI pustakoM kI AlamArI meM honA caahiye| da jaina", mArca 1991 paoNla mAreTa, lesTara, yU.ke. | isa pustaka ke prAraMbhika pRSThoM meM do bAte haiM: (1) "AiMsTIna ke ye zabda ki dharma-virahita vijJAna paMgu hai| aura vijJAna-virahita dharma aMdhA hai|" tathA (2) jaina= vaha vyakti jisane svayaM ko jIta liyA hai| hamArI samajha | sampUrNa kRti para ina do mukha chaviyoM kA aksa hai| itane kama pRSThoM meM vidvAn lekhaka ne jaina dharma aura darzana kI lagabhaga sampUrNa asmitA ko saphalatApUrvaka parosa diyA hai| unhoMne nyUnatama zabdoM meM adhikatama sAmagrI dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai| vastutaH eka aisI pustaka kI turaMta AvazyakatA thI, jo vijJAna kI AdhArabhUmiyoM para khar3I kI aura jaina dharma ko usakI samagratA meM saMpreSita karatI ho| isa kRti ne isa sAMskRtika pipAsA ko dUra krte| e jaina dharma/darzana ke kSetra ko upakRta kiyA hai| "jaina darzana aura vicAra kAlAtIta hai" kA kathana vidvAn / khaka dvArA paga-paga para pramANita huA hai| lekhaka kI do vizeSatAyeM haiM : saMtulana aura spsstttaa| Adhunika vajJAna kI varNamAlA meM jaina siddhAntoM ko vyAkhyAyita kara lekhaka ne apanI samavartinI pIr3hI ko upakRta kiyaa| / naI pIr3hI jaina dharma kI prAsaMgikatA evaM sArthakatA ko hRdayaMgama karanA cAhatI hai| nemIcaMda jaina, saMpAdaka, 'tIrthakara', iMdaura