Book Title: Indian Antiquary Vol 43
Author(s): Richard Carnac Temple, Devadatta Ramkrishna Bhandarkar
Publisher: Swati Publications
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56
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY
[APRIL, 1914
(2) When falling before or after a labial consonant, a is often turned to u. For an analogy in the Prakrit see Pischel, § 104. Ex.:
Ubhayakumara (Çâl. 96) <Abhayakumara ;
purăhuņai (P. 680) <prahuṇaii<Ap. pahuṇaii<Skt. prághurṇakaḥ;
puhara, puhura (P.)<Ap. pahara- <Skt. prahara-;
puhutai (P. 165, 168, 684) <Ap. *pahuttaii<Skt.* prabhatakaḥ, p.p. from pra+bha;
buhalari, buhutari (see § 80) <Pkt. bahattari <Skt. dvdsaptati;
musâna (Up. 55) <Ap. masana- <Skt. gmaçâna-; muthalai (Adi C.)<Ap. mahantau <Skt.* mahantakaḥ;
muhuri (Vi. 20) <Ap. mahuri<Skt. madhuri;
sa paï<Ap. samappaï, samappei<Skt. samarpayati.
Rarely a is changed to u under the influence of another u in the syllable immediately preceding or following. Ex.: Guruda <Garuda (P. 340 ff.); durdura <dardura (P. 539, 542), puuḍhiu<paüḍhiu (P. 432).
(3) Rarely a is amplified to aï and this mostly when two or more syllables ending in a follow each other. Ex.: kara tu <karatu (F 602), kathată <kahata (F 783, 24), gahalgah, <gahagahi (F 783, 27), gaihaïgana <gahagana (F 722, 10), sahaisa cha haitálisa<sahasa chahatâlisa (F 722, 41), mairi <mari (Yog. ii, 26), pairi<pari (=paral, see § 75) (Yog. iv, 36, 47, etc.).
In Modern Gujarâtt we have e, ex.: sahevil, sehevi<sahavi, and in Marwârt ai, ex.: saihaisa<sahasa, raihaiti <rahati. The two latter examples are from the Nâsaketa-ri kathas for which see Rivista degli Studi Orientali, Vol. vi (1913), pp. 113-130.
(4) Initial a is very frequently dropped. Ex.:
chai<achai (see § 114) <Ap. acchaï <Skt. rechati (Pischel, §§ 57, 480); jhájhau (P. 615) <Ap. *ajjhajjhau<Skt.* adhyadhyakam;
tanai (see § 73, (4)) <*pana <Ap. appanaü<Skt. *âtmanakaḥ; talisa (Adi C.)<Ap. attalisa- <Pkt. cattalisam<Skt. catvarimçat; nal<anal (see § 106) <Ap. annal <Skt. anyáni ;
bacau (P. 374) <Ap. avaccau<Skt. apatyakam;
rahal (see § 71, (6)) <arahal<uraha!<Ap. *ora- <*avara- <Skt. apárá-; rana (P. 58) <Ap. aranna- <Skt. aranya-.
For the Prakrit cf. Pischel, Op. cit., § 141 ff.
(5) Medial a, when falling between two consonants of which one is h, is sometimes dropped. Ex.: ehvaü (Up.) <ehava, denhâra (Ibid.) <denahâna, timhi-ja (Âdi C.)<tima-hija, kihváral (Daç.) <*keha-várahi (see §98, (2)).
(6) Euphonic a is inserted in the following cases: (a) between conjuncts, (b) before conjuncts in which the first element is s, (c) after terminal i. Ex.: garabha<garbha (F 783, 72, 77), janama <janma (Rs. 34), paradhana <pradhana (F. 783, 36), mugati <mukti (Rs. 35, astri<stri (F 795, i, 23); ghodd-tania <ghoda-tani (Kánh. 46), jagia<jagi (Rs. 60), panamevia 226); <paṇamevi (Rs. 1), matia <mati (Rs. 7), milia-ni <mili-ni (Rs. 63).
(7) a preceded by dh or followed by há is lengthened. Ex.:
vachanahara (Yog. ii, 9)<vachanahara<vachanhára <*vichaṇhara<vachanahara (see §
135);
mathara (F 580, F 722) <maharai (see § 83) < Ap. maharaü (see Pischel, § 434).
§3. Medial of the Apabhramça is occasionally shortened. In Prakrit this was the case only when a fell before or after the accent of the word (see Pischel, §§ 79 ff.), but in Old Western Rajasthanî the shortening of a takes also place when a long vowel occurs in the syllable preceding or following. Examples are:
