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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY
[ DECEMBER, 1914.
pakhiya diçi digi-tai avya " Birds (that are] come from every quarter" (Âdi. 12), marga-tu bâhiri nikalal" Steps out of the way" (Dac. i, 10),
samsára-taii â panau jiva mükâviu chai " [By them] their own soul has been liberated from the samsara” (Dac. iii, 1),
teha-taü jiva tivra dukkha påmal" Therefrom the individuals reap sharp pain" (Sagt. 10).
Of taü inflected in the locative, as is the case with hutai and thai, no instances occur in Old Western Rajasthani. But they occur in some of the cognate vernaculars and chiefly in Western Hindi, where we have for the ablative the postposition te, te, from *tahi < Ap. *honthi.
(3) thaü may be also explained as a curtailment of hataü, the present participle of the substantive verb. That initial h was capable of being thrown after the following consonant, when a dissyllable word was curtailed into a monosyllable one, is evidenced by Marwari vhaishuvai. An other explanation of tháü had formerly occurred to my mind, and it is that it might be a curtailment from thăyaü, the past participle of the verb thâvau "To be or become." In favour of the latter derivation there would be the analogy of the ablative postposition thi, which likewise might be explained as a contraction of thăi, the conjunctive participle from thâvai, and all the more so as Rs. 51 one instance occurs of thai for thi. But the former derivation is supported by the analogy of the imperfect tense of the substantive verb, which in the Old Western Rajasthani has the same origin as some of the so-called postpositions of the ablative, both being formed from the present participle. Now, P. 70 one Instance occurs of thaü being used for the imperfect of the substantive verb, in the place of the regular form hatai, and at the present day the form tho (for hato) is found in many dialects of the Rajasthani and in Kanauji, where it is used by the side of hato (Cf. $ 113).
Ablatives with thaü are rare rather in Old Western Rajasthani, much in the same way as are rare periphrastic imperfects with thaü. I have noted the two following: te kiha -thaü âviu "Whence has he come?” (P. 409), ha thai jau “Go away from here!” (P. 427). .
Notice that in both the examples alove thaü is used after pronominal ablatives, thereby perfectly coinciding with the employment of hontai in all the three Apabhramça quotations by Hemacandra, sûtra iv, 355 of his Prakrit Grammar. Another testimony to the thai being a participial form is in the following passage from the MS. Up., where thaü is inflected in the nominative plural :
tiha -thya cyavi Vajranábha guru-na jiva çri-Adinatha hûa “Therefrom having fallen. the soul of the guru Vajranâbha was re-born as the Reverend Adinatha" (Up. 68).
(4) thakaü, (thaku, thâkaü, thikai thiku) is from thâkiu, thăkiu, the past participle of thákaï, thăkaïs Ap. * thakkaï, thakkei (Hc., iv, 16, 370, 3) < Skt. *sthakyati (Pischel, $ 488). The form thikaü is to be regarded as the intermediate between thakin and thakai, and it has derived from the former through metathesis of i (See $ 50). No doubt--as it may be also gathered from the analogy of Sanskrit sthitaḥ-the common meaning of Apabhramça thakkiu, when used attributively, was practically that of a present participle ("Staying"),and so there is nothing irregular in its being employed in Old Western Rajasthani as an equivalent of hitaü, to form the ablative. That Old Western Râjasthânî thakaü is equivalent with the latter is also born out by the fact that both of them may be optionally added after participles used adjec. tively(See 88. 122, 129). In the examples I have seen, thakaü occurs either in the masculine or
