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Iviii
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY
[CHAPTER VI
names, have a very archaic appearance. Their list comprises the following names. Oue formulæ each is quoted from
(1) K&ikâyana, v. 935. (2) Nimi, vv. 883-4. (3) Suprabha, vv. 633-7, (4) Utanas, vv. 846-7a. (5) Vaļvali, vv, 319-24
(6) Vșihaspati, prose, 784, Two formulæ each are quoted from
(7) Agastya, vv. 589-9 and vv. 905-9.86 (8) Dhanvantari,vv. 232-40, and vv. 968-76.
(9) Jivaka, v. 1081, and vv. 1097b-9a. A whole series of formule are referred to
(10) Kåfyapa, v, 1011-1040. None of these formulæ, with one exception, can be traced elsewhere. All the names, except those of Jîvaka and Káśyapa, belong to semi-inythical or prehistoric personages. Suprabha does not appear to be known as a physician outside the Nâvanitaka.97 The only mention of. Vadvali, at present known, occurs in the Kalyana-Kâraka, a medical treatise written by an unknown author at the court of the Eastern Chalukya king Vishnuvardhana." The mention by Panini of a patronymic Vaduali (see note 168, on p. 109) points to a very early date. So does the name of Nimi, who is the epic ruler of Vi lêha, and the reputed founder of the Indian ophthalmic science. Similarly Dhanvantari is the reputed semi-divine founder of surgical science. On the other hand, Jivaka is a historical, or at least semi-historical. personage. For tradition assigns him to the court of king Ajátaśatru, in the sixth century, B.C., and makes him a contemporary and friend of Buddha. One of the two formula (v. 1081), which the Nâvanitaka quotes from him, forms the single exception, above noticed, of occurrence elsewhere. It is quoted by Vangaséna (see noe 481 on page 178) with two variants, and without naming its author, Kaśyapa (or Kaśyapa, see note 467 on p. 179), also, is probably a historical, or semi-historical, person, being likewise a contemporary ofi Buddha, Medical tradition knows of two men of that name, an elder (vriddha) and a younger, It is, no doubt, Kâ iyapa the Elder, whom the Nâranilaka quotes. Both, he and Jivaka, are reputed to have been skilful children's doctors; and, as a fact, the formulæ, quoted from them, do refer to children's diseases. Also, it may be added, the use of the phrases itih. ôvâcha Jivakah (v. 1081) and iti bhashati Jivakah (r. 1099), i.e., thus spake (speaks) Jivaka, and the phrase Kaiyapasyi vachó y uthâ (vv. 1020, 1022, 1027), ie., according to the saying of Ka yapa, which the Nâvanitaka applies to their formulæ, apparently indicates them to be their ipsissima verba. Ušanas and Vfibaspati (or Brihaspati) appear to be historical personages, being the founders, respectively, of the Ausanasa and Barhaspatya Schools, which flourished in the fourth century B.C.
• There is a formula of his quoted also in the Lasuna Kalpa, which is included in Part I of the Bowen Manuscript.
But see Journal, Roy. As. Soc., 1893, p. 337. 98 The Kalyana-kdraka was discovered by Mr. Narasithhachar of the Mysore Archaeological Survey See his seport for 1956-7(5 59. p. 15).
For further particulars, see Professor Jacobi's article in the Sitzungsberichte der Kgl. Preuss. Akdemic der Wissenschaften, on the Fruhgeschichte der indischen Philosophie, vol. XXXV (1911), PP. 733-43.
