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lxviii
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY
[CHAPTER VII
(for kâmân) prépsyasê, IV 33 194; mittram (for mittrân) dvishasi, IV 52 195; pûjayasê, riddham (for vriddhân) dêvatam, V 10 204; vijêshyasi ripûm sarvvân (for ripûn sarvân) pratyarthi, IV 47 195. But the normal form occurs before palatals, as in svajanâm-s-cha... manyasi, V 10 204, and before vowels, as in bhôgavân avi, IV 11 193. Other examples are: nominative singular masculine dvitîyê (for dvitîyaḥ kúṭaḥ, IV 16 193, kuladêvô (for kuladeval) cha, V 6 204; singular neuter, janmam (for janma), IV 33 194; instrumental plural, dvisirshahi (for dvisirshabhiḥ), VI 12 224; and the vowel lengthenings in rishishu (for rishishu), IV 4 192, and vâdinâm (for vâdinâm), IV 2 192.-(2) With pronouns: the nominative or accusative singular neuter ta or tam (for tad), etc., have been already referred to above, p. lxvii, of the stem ima, there occur the nominative singular feminine imâ (for iyam), V 4 203, and the genitive singular masculine imasya (for asya), IV 3 192, The latter occurs once in the Vedas; see M. Ved. Gr., p. 302, footnote 7; and the normal form asya also occurs in VII 6 237. Other examples are the instrumenta! plural masculine têhi (for tail), VI 12, 224, and once the genitive singular tuva, V 13 204, by the side of the usual normal tava, IV 6 193 V 1, 2 204, et passim (see Index).-(3) With numerals: we have the locative singular masculine êkasmi (for êkasmin), VI 1 222, and the locative plural chaturushu (for chaturshu), VII 4 237.-(4) With verbs: the second person singular present, ârambhase (for ârabhase), IV 55 196, and kurvasi (for karoshi), IV 22 194; the second singular imperative karôhi (for kuru), VI 2 222/3 223; pûjayâhi (for pûjaya), V 33 206, vichintéhi (for vichintaya), V 3, 9 204, 18 205 47 207, or vichintiya, V 18 205; the third singular aorist jani (for ajani), IV 3 192. In future forms, the element y, when it is the last in a treble conjunct, is frequently omitted; thus, prâpsasi, IV 2 192, 11 193, or prâpsase, IV 11 193; but the normal forms are more usual, prâpsyasi, IV 21 193, 37 194, prâpsyasê, IV 5 193, 28, 33 37 194 41 195, 54 196. Similarly we have also yakshase (for yakshyasê), IV 58 196, vipramokshasi, (for vipramôhshyasi) IV 17 193. In the past participle passive of, the causal we find kârâvita (for kârita), V 46 206. Examples of the exchange of "voices" are: (a) parasmaipada, for atmanêpada in êdhasi (for êdhase), V 41 206, klijyasi (for klisyase), V 4 204, pratipadyâm; for (pratipadyê), VI 1 222, pratiksha (for pratikshasva), IV 13 193, passive vihanyasi (for vihanyase), V 47 207; and (b) atm. for parasm., in prichchhase, IV 6 193 (but normal prichchhasi, IV 39 195), and pújayasé (for pûjayasi), V 10 204.
Examples of prâkriticism or rather semi-prâkriticism, in stem formation, are mâtampitara., V 10 204, apparently meant as two separate accusatives singular for the normal dual mâtapitarau; bhrâti-samâgamâ à (for bhrâty-samâgaman), V 22 205; yaia-mitra (for yaiômitra), VI 6 225 VII 3 237; pul-ambha (for pul-âmbhas), IV 51 195; putratvatâ (a pleonasm for putratva or putrala), IV 13 193; chaturthâ, IV 22, 26 194 (for the normal feminine chaturthi, IV 32 194).
From the prâkrit speech we must distinguish the "popular Sanskrit," properly so called; that is to say, the Sanskrit of the Brahmanic schools as it was spoken and written by the literate, or semi-literate among the people outside those schools, especially in the non-brahmanic portion of it. This popular Sanskrit permitted to itself occasional lapses from the strict rules of the scholastic correct Sanskrit, and occasional intrusions of the usages of the generally prevailing Prakrit speech. It is the language in which the medical treatises, contained in Parts I-III of the Bower Manuscript, are written. Its peculiarities are assembled in the following classified list:
1.-PHONOLOGY.
(1) Substitution of vowels: ri for ri, in trivrit, I 61 5; trivṛitâ, II 88 31 144 33 252 39; and triphala, II 605 56; but the normal forms trivṛit, trivṛitâ, and triphala occur quite
