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NOVEMBER, 1914.) NOTES ON GRAMMAR OF THE OLD WESTERN RAJASTHANI
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position naü and, though being probably cognate to the latter postposition, it has not derived from it. In my article on the Origin of the Dative and Genitive Postpositions in Gujarati and Marwari (J. R. A. S., 1913, pp. 553-567), I have collected many arguments in favour of the abovementioned derivation of nal and I believe I have shown that nal and kanhal are practically identical also in most of their meanings and constructions.26 Examples of the use of nal are:
jima ra!a bhula -nai koi eka våta dekhadaï "As if one showed the way to him, who has lost his way" (Çra.),
Svayambudha mantri teha-naï "He had a minister [by name] Svayambudha" (Rs. 7), Damanaka Pingala-nai kahai “Damanaka says to Piigala" (P. 260), te savihů -nai karau para nama " I bow to all them" (F 728, 406). From nal are regularly derived Modern Gujarati nê and Marwari nai, nai.
(3) prati (prati, pratai, pratü) is a tatsama identical with the preposition práti, which in Sanskrit is also used in the manner of a postposition, i. e., after the noun it governs. In the Old Western Rajasthani prati is chiefly employed in connection with verbs involving the general idea of "Speaking to " and "Saluting, bowing to ", to indicate the indirect object. These verbs are construed with the dative or with the accusative with prali in Sanskrit also. Old Western Rajasthani examples are :
raya rani-prati kahaï " The king says to the queen" (P. 353) mujha-prali te kahaï chai isiū "He says to me this" (P. 226), raya-pratal te nara vinavai "Those men relate the fact] to the king" (P. 348), âcârya-pratal maharu namaskara hu “I bow to the acaryas" (Crâ.),
sarva sadhu-pratai valdi-nai " After having saluted all sådhus" (F 644). In the following, prati is used to form adverbs :
bhava-prati "pratibhavam " (Kal. 33), dina-pralaf "Every day" (Yog. ii, 98).
(4) bhani is the contracted form of the locative singular from bhaytu “Said " and it is therefore identical in origin with the so-called conjunctive participle (See $131). The unoontracted form bhani has been preserved P. 23. Formerly it was employed as a real past participle, in agreement with a preceding noun in the locative, in the absolute construction, but afterwards it was understood as a postposition and became capable of governing the genitive of the nouns with which it was connected. Instances of bhani oonstrued with the original locative are still occasionally met with in Old Western Rajasthani texts. The general meaning of this postposition is “ With a view, or with regard to, for", but in particular it may assume many shades of meaning as will be shown by the examples following:
teha - bhani' “ Therefore" (Yog., Indr., Crâ., Adi C. etc.), sya-bhani" Wherefore ?" (P. 535, Adi C.), Devadatta-naï milava-bhani " In order to meet Devadatta " (P. 298),
râja-nå pratibodha-na-bhazi mūhatal gatha kahi " In order to instruct the king, the minister recited a couplet " (Adi C.), i câstra-samudra tarava-bhani niti-buddhi chai nava “Political wisdom is the boat for crossing over the sea of science" (P. 5.),
câliu vana-bhani " He started for the forest" (P. 134), âviu simha-bhari "Went to the lion " (P. 97),
>> of the intermediate form nhal we have a gurvival in the following: seha-nhai ohdi - Her brother" (Up. 33).
