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NOVEMBER, 1914.] NOTES ON GRAMMAR OF THE OLD WESTERN RAJASTHANI
225
NOTES ON THE GRAMMAR OF THE OLD WESTERN RAJASTHANI WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO APABHRAMÇA AND
TO GUJARATI AND MARWARI. BY DR. L. P. TESSITORI, UDINE, ITALY.
(Continued from p. 200.) BSERVE that kari is never appended to instrumentals, when these are used in the agentive
meaning. (Cf. 8 60). Not unfrequently naï is pleonastically added to kari. Cf. the use of kara-ke (from kari-kai) in Hindi (Kellogg, Hindi Grammar, $ 173, a). Occasionally karată is employed in the same function as karî, as in the following from Crâ. :
e panca-paramenti-nai namaskara karată sarva pâpa-nai naga hui "By paying homage to these five paramestins, all sins are destroyed." The difference between kari and karată is simply in that the former is passive and the latter active. In fact karat: is but an adverbial present participle, or, as will be explained $ 124, a plural genitive absolute.
(2) nai. This postposition is identical with that for the dative, for which see $71, (2). In Old Western Rajasthani it is only exceptionally employed for the instrumental to give the meaning of the agentive. I have noted only the two instances following:
Adigvara-nai diknå lidhi jani "Having learned that Adiçvara had taken the diksa" (Âdi C.).
devatae bhagavanta-naä kidhaü te dekhi " The gods having seen what had been done by the Venerable One" (Adi C.).
The use of nal as a postposition for the agentive seems to have been growing more and more frequent in the later form of the language. Nowadays it is common, not only to Gujarati. and to some dialects of Rajasthani such as Mewâtî and Mälvi, but also to Western Hindi, Naipali, Pañjabi and Marâtbi.
(3) pâhi. This is properly a postposition of the ablative and is therefore explained under 872. In connection with causals it is occasionally used for the instrumental, to govern the person by whom is performed the action that is caused to be done. Ex.:
anerd-påhi kûda bolavũ nahl “I do not cause others to tell falsehood" (Dac. iv).. anerd-pâhi himeå drambhaval naht “ He does not make others to commit offence" (ibid).
Cf. the use of pâhi, pahi, pai in Hindi, to indicate the agent of the potential passive, as in the following passage from Tulasi Dasa:
kahi na jäi mohi-pahl " It cannot be told by me" (Ramacaritamanasa, i, 233). Cf. also Kellogg, Hindi Grammar, $ 796.
In the following passage from Dd., påsi is used instead of påhi : samasta-loka-pâsi âgñå manâvi" Caused all the people to obey his command " (Dd.5).
(4) sathi (sathi, sâthuf). This postposition may be explained either as a locative from Apabhramca satthe < Skt, sárthe. "In the company of....." or, more probably, as an instrumental from Apabhram ça satthë <Skt. sârthena. Cf, the phrase tasyaḥ sarthena in Weber's Campakagresthikathanakam, 219. Examples of the use of sáthi in Old Western Rajasthani are :
Bharata-raya Jina -sathi bolaï " The king Bharata speaks to the Jina " (F 722,59), amha-sathal“ Along with us” (P. 649), ml-sathi "Along with me” (Adi C.).
