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JULY, 1914.)
THE PAHARI LANGUAGE
145
(a tribe of the Hindu Kush), the Daradas (or Dards) and the Eakas (Ecythians), as being conquered by Kệishņa.
In another passage Duhâsana leads a forlorn hope consisting of Sakas, 18 Kambojas, 18 Bâblikas inhabitants of Balkh), Yavanas (Greeks), Paradas,18 Kulingas (a tribe on the banks of the Satlaj1'), the Tangaņas,18 Ambashthas (of the (!) middle Panjab, probably the Ambastai of Ptolemy),29 Pisâchas, Barbarians, and mountaineers.21 Amongst them, 22 armed with swords and pikes were Daradas, 23 Tangaļas,23 Khasas, Lampâkas (now Kâfirs of the Hindû Kush),21 and Pulindas25 . We have already seen that the Khaśas were liable to the imputation of cannibalism.
In another passage of the Mahabharata, where Karna describes the Bahikas in the 8th book, they are again given a bad character.20 Where the six rivers, the Satadru (Satlaj). Vipasa (Bias), Irâvati (Ravi), Chandrabhârgâ (Chinab), Vitastâ (Jehlam), and the Sindhu (Indus) issue from the hills, is the region of the Arațțas, a land whose religion has been destroyed.27 There live the Bâhikas (the Outsiders) who never perform sacrifices and whose religion has been utterly destroyed. They eat any kind of food from filthy vessels, drink the milk of sheep, camels, and asses, and have many bastards. They are the offspring of two Pisachas who lived in the river Vipasa (Bias). They are without the Vêda and without knowledge.
Hindu Kush spoke an Aryan language, which was closely connected with anoiont Sanskrit, but was not pure Sanskrit, and which included in its vocabulary words belonging to Eranian languages. We may further note that Yaske does not consider the Kambojas to be Aryans. He says this word is used in the language of the Kambojas, while only its (according to his account) derivative, fava, a corpoo, is used in the language of the Aryas.
Again in the same passage Yaska states that the northerners use the word datra to mean & sickle'. Now we shall see that in Western Pabari and in the Pifache languages generally, tr continually become ch or sh. Thus the Sanskrit word putra, & son, becomes puch or push in Shipa. We may expect similar change to occur in regard to the word datra. This word actually ocenrs in Persian in the form Jde, but the only relation of it that has been noted in the Piadeha dialoota is the Kahmirl drot, whioh is enlly the same word as datra,with metathesis of the r.
18 See above. 19 1. e, if they are the same as the Kaliógas of Mark, P., LVII, 37. 20 VII, 1, 66. 21 VII, 4818. 22 VII, 4848. 23 See above. 24 Märk. P., LVII, 40, and Pargiter's note thereon.
25 There were two Pulindas, one in the south and another in the north. See Hall on Wilson, Vishnu P., Vol. II, p. 159.
26 VIII, 2032 ff. A clan of the Bahikas is the Jartikas (2034), who perhape roprement the modern Jatts. If they do, the passage is the oldest mention of the Jacta in Indian literature.
27 Note that their religion has been destroyed. In other words they formerly followed Indo-Aryan rites, but had abandoned them. They aro not represented as infidels ab initiu. In this passage the Arattas are mentioned in verses 2056, 2001, 2004, 2008, 2009, 2070, 2081, 2100 and 2110. The name is usually interpreted as meaning a people without kings', but this is a doubtful explanution
