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SEPTEMBER, 1914) NOTES ON GRAMMAR OF THE OLD WESTERN RAJASTHANI
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Modern Gujarât?, thus: sapera, tâna, ko!a, seja, vakhara. The same has been the case with other vernaculars, as for instance with Hindi, as shown by the Old Baiswâțî, in which feminine nouns that in Modern Hindi end in a still retain their terminaloi.
(3) Neuters are inflected exactly like the masculines, except that they are nasalized. Thus their termination is -ū. Apabhramça employed -u or -am after consonantal bases, and -ŭ after vocal bases in Raa. Old Western Rajasthânî examples are :
aúkhū Daç. viii, 34, aroga pana i Çil. 3, måthai Çra., karandiū Indr. 51, yukta Indr. 11, According to $ 11, (3), aŭ is liable to be contracted into o8. Ex.:
pahilu Dac. iv, taharu Kal. 7, kula Daç. iv. In some texts traces are still surviving of the old neuter termination - <Ap. -a, -am. I have met with the following:
ja (Kal., passim) < Ap.jã<Skt. yad,
hủyi (Daç.) <Ap. hûã<Skt. bhůtam. In Modern Gujarâtî all original neuters in Raŭ (from bases in Raa) have been simplified into
ū, a process, of which there are already traces in the MS. Up., which is dated in the beginning of the sixteenth century. • $58. Nominative-accusative plural.-(1) Masculine vocal bases add the termination -a, which is identical with Apabhrapça - <Skt. -ah. Before this termination, bases in aa lose their penultimate vowel (according to $9), and bases in oi (or), oa (Cu)optionally insert euphonic y. Ex.:
gho la Indr. 2, sagâ Adi. 13, pamkhia F 722, 28, paüliâ P. 100, vivaharia F 728, 4, vånia Adic.,
kunthuya Daç. iv, bindúa Daç. iv, 8. Consonantal bases and, optionally, vocal bases in oi, oi, ou, ú take no termination. Thus:
cora Kal. 13, veri Indr. 8., paravádi Kal. 18. (2) Feminine bases undergo no change. Thus : kidi Daç. iv, nadi F 663, 6, mála Kal. 28, riddhi Bh. 25.
(3) Neuter bases, when subject to inflection, take-d, a termination which is from Apabhram ça -đi (-ai) (see $14) <Skt. -âni. Examples are :
motaka kuda Yog. ii, 54, ida vinâsya P. 536, amhård karma Şast. 55. $59. Instrumental singular. For this case there are two terminations, to wit: 1(-) and -ii (-ihi). The former is from -ē, the regular Apabhramça termination for the instrumental singular; the latter is from Apabhram ça -ihi <Pkt. -ehim < Vedio Skt. -ebhis, and is therefore a plural termination. Both are used side by side, but the latter is by far the less common, it being generally used only after consonantal bases, whilst the former is used after vocal bases as a rule, and after consonantal bases optionally. With the latter bases, however, the -is termination is more common than - Occasionally consonantal bases take -ai (Ap. -ahi)22 instead of -i, and so do optionally masculine bases in Râ, °7, . Bases in or generally drop their final vowel and take optionally either - or -1. Examples are :
(a) in -1 (-i): Masculines and neuters :
pasi Çal., vai Daç. i, 14, râi Up. 20, nigcai Adi., Indr., lobhi Indr, 24, sukhi Indr. 71, vidhâtai Indr. 90, pâpii, P. 248, ahelii P. 664, pânit Daç. iv., guri Re. 9.
Feminines :
malai Pr. 2, mahimdi Çil. 84, gâi P.21, sarikhâii Ådi. 75, strii P. 327, buddhü P. 694. Kal. 17.
* Ono instance of the termination -ahi is in the form ekahi, which ocours Up. 18.
