Khajuraho ka Jain Puratattva

Author(s): Maruti Nandan Prasad Tiwari
Publisher: Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain Kala Sangrahalay Khajuraho
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002076/1

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808ii tthaaNtt [BIbre | bill saaedd' nirbaahii

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grantha-paricaya khajurAho meM 10 vIM se 12 vIM zatI I0 ke madhya candela kAla meM prabhUta saMkhyA meM mandiroM evaM mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa huaa| khajurAho ke mandira apanI sthApatyagata yojanA evaM vizAlatA ke lie tathA mUrtiyAM apane anupama saundarya, alaMkaraNa aura AkarSaka tIkhI bhAvabhaMgimAoM ke lie vizva prasiddha haiN| ina mandiroM para mAno samakAlIna jIvana hI sAkAra ho uThA hai / khajurAho ke brAhmaNa mandiroM evaM mUrtiyoM para paryApta kArya huA hai, kintu jaina mandiroM evaM matiyoM kA abhI taka samucita vistAra se koI sAMgopAMga adhyayana nahIM huA hai| isa dizA meM yaha pahalA gambhIra prayAsa hai / lekhaka ne atyanta sUkSmatA evaM vistAra ke sAtha vahA~ kI purAtAttvika sAmagrI kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA hai| ___ isa grantha meM khajurAho kI jaina kalA kI rAjanItika evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi tathA jaina devakula ke sAmAnya nirUpaNa ke sAtha hI vahA~ kI tIrthaMkara, yakSa-yakSI evaM mahAvidyA mUrtiyoM kA vistRta adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| bAhubalI, sarasvatI, navagraha Adi se sambandhita adhyayana bhI ullekhanIya hai / khajurAho ke navanirmita sAhU zAnti prasAda jaina kalA saMgrahAlaya kI mUrtiyoM kA adhyayana pahalI bAra prastuta huA hai / pariziSTa meM mAMgalika svapnoM, jaina lekhoM evaM pratimA-lakSaNa sambandhI tAlikAoM aura pAribhASika zabdAvalI ke ullekha * grantha ko pUrNatA pradAna karate haiN| vistRta sandarbhasUcI aura citrAvalI grantha ke mahattva meM aura bhI vRddhi karate haiN| prastuta grantha jaina kalA evaM pratimAvijJAna para zodha karane vAloM ke sAtha hI sAmAnya jijJAsu pAThakoM ke lie bhI upayogI hogA aura bhaviSya meM anya pramukha jaina kalA kendroM kI purAtAttvika sAmagrI ke vistRta evaM svataMtra adhyayana kA mArga prazasta kregaa| dams Education International For Private & Personal use only Waantellorainyorget

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva lekhaka DA0 mAruti nandana prasAda tivArI rIDara, kalA-itihAsa vibhAga kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI-221005 sAhU zAnti prasAda jaina kalA saMgrahAlaya khajurAho (ma0 pra0) 1987

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(c) prakAzaka prakAzaka: sAhU zAnti prasAda jaina kalA saMgrahAlaya khajurAho prathama AvRtti, 1987 mUlya : 50.00 tArA priMTiMga varksa, vArANasI

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AdaraNIyA mAtAjI tathA zraddheya pitRvya zrI caraNoM meM samarpita

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prakAzakIya sAhU zAntiprasAda jaina kalA saMgrahAlaya tathA usako nirmAtA zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra khajurAho prabandha samiti ke adhyakSa kI haisiyata se DaoN0 mArutinandana prasAda tivArI dvArA praNIta "khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva" prakAzita kara use pAThakoM ko samarpita karate hue mujhe vizeSa harSa va ullAsa kA anubhava ho rahA hai / bhArata varSIya digambara jaina tIrtha-kSetra kameTI ke adhyakSa prasiddha samAja-sevI sva0 sAhU zAnti prasAda jI disaMbara 1970 va pharavarI 1977 ko khajurAho padhAre the| unakI khajurAho kI prathama yAtrA ke daurAna hI unase yaha anurodha kiyA gayA thA ki eka to khajurAho ke jaina purAvazeSoM kI rakSA evaM vyavasthA hetu ve eka upayukta saMgrahAlaya kA nirmANa zrI digambara jaina atizaya-kSetra khajurAho (jaina maMdira-samUha khajurAho) ke nikaTa karA deveM tathA dUsare, kisI adhikArI vidvAna dvArA yahA~ ke jaina purAtattva kA vizada adhyayana karAkara usake prakAzana kI vyavasthA kreN| unake na rahane ke bAvajUda unake jyeSTha bhrAtA zraddheya sAhU zreyAMza prasAda jI (adhyakSa bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina tIrthakSetra kameTI, bambaI) va unake putra sAhU azoka kumAra jI tathA samasta sAhU parivAra evaM udAramanA jaina samAja ke sahayoga evaM preraNA se "sAhU zAntiprasAda jaina kalA saMgrahAlaya' ke nirmANa ke sAtha-sAtha "khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva'' prakAzita kara ukta donoM vicAroM ko mUttaM rUpa dete samaya hameM va hamAre sahayogiyoM ko apAra prasannatA kA anubhava honA sahaja svAbhAvika hai / bhAratIya itihAsa ke utthAna-patana, usake utAra-car3hAvoM ko jAnane ke liye, khajurAho eka upayukta sthAna hai| khajurAho ne yadi kAphI sudina dekhe haiM, to durdina bhI kama nahIM dekhe| vaha jujhautiyoM, pratihAroM evaM candeloM ke utthAna-patana kA sAkSI rahA hai / sarvapramatha, isakA ullekha prasiddha cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga dvArA kiyA gayA hai, jo 641 I0 ke lagabhaga yahA~ AyA thaa| isa pradeza kA nAma usane "ciH ci to" ( jajhoti ) batalAyA hai| usake anusAra isa pradeza kI rAjadhAnI mahezvarapura (gvAliyara ) ke dakSiNa meM 900 li. se adhika dUra va ujjaina ke uttara-pUrva meM, ujjaina se 1000 li. (yA 167 mIla) dUra thI (jo vAstavika dUrI kA lagabhaga AdhA hai)| yaha rAjadhAnI (jisakA nAmollekha usane nahIM kiyA 15-16 li. ( yA 2 // mIla se adhika ) vRttAkAra thI tathA isake adhikAMza nivAsI mUrti pUjaka the| usake anusAra, usa kAla meM, yahA~ kaI darjana maTha the, parantu unameM rahane vAle sAdhu saMkhyA meM bahuta kama the| usa samaya khajurAho meM eka hajAra brAhmaNa the jo bAraha mandiroM se sambaddha the| rAjA svayaM brAhmaNa thA, parantu bauddhadharma meM usakI dRr3ha AsthA thii| sArA pradeza apanI bhUmi kI urvarA-zakti ke liye vikhyAta thA tathA bhArata ke sabhI bhAgoM se aneka vidvAna yahA~ bahudhA AyA-jAyA karate the| khajurAho kA dUsarA mahatvapUrNa ullekha

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mahamUda gajanavI ke sAtha Aye itihAsakAra abUrehana (jo mahamUda dvArA kAlinjara para kiye gaye AkramaNa ke samaya (1022 I0) usake sAtha bhArata AyA thA) dvArA kiyA gayA hai| usane usakA ullekha jAjAhuti (jaijAkabhukti) kI rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM kiyA hai / ' jaijAkabhukti ke jijhauti, jajhauti, jajhoti,jajAhuti,jajAhoti, jejAhuti, jejAbhukti, jejAkabhukti, jejAbhutika, ciH ci to yA ci-ki-to Adi aneka nAma milate haiM / 2 abUrehana ke uparAnta usakA ullekha prasiddha yAtrI ibna-batUtA dvArA kiyA gayA hai| ibnabatUtA 1335 I0 meM khajurAho AyA thaa| usane khajurAho kA nAma "kajurA" likhA hai / sAtha hI usane khajurAho ke usa vizAla jalAzaya kA bhI varNana kiyA hai jo eka mIla lambA thA aura jisake cAroM ora sundara devAlayoM kI lambI zrRMkhalA vidyamAna thii| khajurAho kA patana 13vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM (1202 I0) usa samaya se hone lagatA hai, jaba kutubuddIna aibaka dvArA kAlapI aura kAlinjara tathA mahobA para kabjA kara liyA jAtA hai aura candela zAsaka surakSA kI dRSTi se sthAI taura para ajayagar3ha ke kile-jayadurga meM jAkara rahane lagate haiM / khajurAho kA mahattva usa samaya se kramazaH ghaTane to lagatA hai, para phira bhI kucha samaya taka banA rahatA hai, jaisA ki ibna-batUtA (1335 I0) ke yAtrA vRttAnta se jJAta hotA hai / usane apane yAtrA vRttAnta meM lambe tathA cikaTe jaTAoM vAle pItavarNa ke una yogiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jo aneka va satata upavAsoM ke kAraNa pIle par3a gaye the aura jinake pAsa aneka musalamAna bhI jantara-mantara, jAdU-TonA sIkhane AyA karate the / parantu akabara ke samaya taka khajurAho kA utanA mahattva bhI zeSa nahIM rahA aura vaha vismRti ke karAla gAla meM jAkara vilupta-prAya sA ho gyaa| isa tathya kA sabase bar3A pramANa yaha hai ki AIne-akabarI meM khajurAho kA kahIM kiMcitmAtra ullekha nahIM hai| Age calakara unnIsavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM to yaha bhAga vanAcchAdita ho gayA thaa| 1818 I0 meM jaba zrI phraiMkalina ne isa bhUbhAga kA sarvekSaNa kiyA to usane apane smRti patra (Memoirs) meM isakA ullekha taka nahIM kiyA aura nakze meM "kajarAo" ( Kajrow ) ke bAda "Ruins" zabda likhakara carcA samApta kara dii| usakA "Ruins" zabda bhalI prakAra na par3hA jAne ke kAraNa usake AdhAra para taiyAra iNDiyana eTalasa kI sITa nambara 70 meM bhUlAvazAt "Mines" zabda likha diyA gyaa| kaI zatAbdiyoM ke sudIrgha vismaraNa ke pazcAt unnIsavIM zatAbdI ke madhya usa samaya se khajurAho kA punaH smaraNa kiyA jAne lagA, jaba zrI e0 kanighama ne sarnekSaNa kara vahA~ ke purAtattvIya vaibhava para prakAza DAlA / bhAratavAsiyoM ko isake liye unake prati kRtajJatA jJApita karanA caahiye| 1. Archaeological Survey of India Report by Cunningham, Vol. II. 2. The Early Rulers of Khajura ho by Sisir Kumar Mitra, P. 4. 3. Archaeological Survey of India Report by Cunningham, Vol II. __pp. 412-27.

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( iii ) jaina purAtattva kI dRSTi se zrI kanighama ke purAtattvIya sarvekSaNa kA vizeSa mahattva hai / kAraNa ki prathama to unhoMne ghaNTaI mandira ko bauddha mandira kA avazeSa nirUpita kiyA, parantu jaba bAda meM phargusana ne sthala kA nirIkSaNa kara apekSAkRta adhika gaharAI se adhyayana kiyA to unheM zrI kaniMghama kA ukta abhimata doSapUrNa pratIta huA, jisakA ullekha unhoMne apane prativedana meM kiyaa| unakA niSkarSa thA ki ghaNTaI mandira bauddha mandira kA avaziSTa bhAga na hokara jaina mandira kA avaziSTa bhAga hai / ghaNTaI mandira ke viSaya meM zrI kaniMghama ne apanA abhimata nimnAMkita tIna pramukha kAraNoM se vyakta kiyA thaa| pahalA yaha ki isa purAvazeSa ke kucha stambha baluA patthara ke tathA kucha grenAITa ke the| grenAITa ke stambhoM kA upayoga bahudhA bauddha mandiroM meM hI hotA rahA hai / dUsare, isa purAvazeSa ke nikaTa unheM bhUmisparza-mudrA meM buddha kI eka manojJa pratimA prApta huI thI, jisameM sAranAtha zailI kI chaThI tathA sAtavIM zatAbdI kI pratimAoM kI purAlipi meM "ye dharma hetu prabhava tesAma hetubha tathAgata' ityAdi bauddha vAkya abhilikhita the tathA ukta pratimA yathocita rUpa se savastra aMkita kI gayI thii| tIsare, hvenasAMga kA yAtrA vRttAnta bhI unake dhyAna meM thA, jisameM khajurAho meM aneka bauddha-maThoM ke pAye jAne kA ullekha kiyA gayA thaa| ina kAraNoM se tathA usa sthala para mandira ke malave ke Dhera ke Dhera par3e hone ke kAraNa ve vistArapUrvaka purAtattvIya adhyayana nahIM kara pAye the, isalie bhI unase yaha bhUla ho gayI thii| 1876-77 meM zrI kaniMghama tathA zrI phargusana donoM vidvAnoM ne isa sthala kA saMyukta nirIkSaNa kiyaa| unhoMne isa mandira ke cAroM ora bikharI teraha pratimAoM kA vistRta adhyayana kiyaa| unameM se gyAraha pratimAeM digambara jaina sampradAya kI pAyI gayIM, jinameM se eka meM vikrama samvat 1142 (1085 I0) kA eka abhilekha bhI utkIrNa thaa| usa abhilekha meM ukta pratimA ko AdinAtha kI pratimA batalAkara yaha bhI vaNita thA ki usakI pratiSThA zrI bIbaTazAha va unakI bhAryA seThAnI padmAvatI dvArA karAyI gayI thii| ina pratimAoM kA tathA anya upalabdha sAkSyoM kA bArIkI se adhyayana karane para zrI kaniMghama ko apanI bhUla jJAta huI aura ImAnadArI se ise svIkAra karate hue unhoMne zrI phargusana se apanI sahamati vyakta kara bauddhika ImAnadArI kA paricaya diyaa|' tIrthaGkara kI mAtA ke solaha svapnoM kA aMkana dekhakara unhoMne yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA ki ghaNTaI mandira kevala jaina mandira hI nahIM, pratyuta digambara jaina mandira kA avaziSTa bhAga hai / kAraNa ki yadi ukta mandira zvetAmbara mandira rahA hotA to usameM tIrthaGkara kI mAtA ke solaha svapnoM ke sthAna para kevala caudaha svapnoM kA aMkana kiyA jaataa| 1879 meM zrI vinseNTa smitha ne punaH ghaNTaI mandira kA apekSAkRta aura adhika bArIkI se adhyayana kiyaa| unhoMne bhI usake digambara jaina mandira hone kI puSTi kii| maiMne yahA~ isa prasaMga kA ullekha karanA isalie Avazyaka samajhA hai, kyoMki usase purAtattvIya adhyayana kI upayogitA tathA usake mahattva kA bodha hotA hai / 1. Archaeological Survey of India Report by Cunningham, Vol II, pp. 412-27.

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( iv ) aisA pratIta hotA hai ki zrI kaniMghama, zrI phargusana va zrI vinsenTa smitha Adi ke bArabAra khajurAho Ane tathA unake dvArA vahA~ mahInoM rahakara vistRta sarvekSaNa karane ke kAraNa rAjya zAsana tathA tatkAlIna jaina samAja ko ina purAtatvIya smArakoM ke saMrakSaNa kI cintA huI / phalasvarUpa ina mandiroM meM se aneka kA jIrNoddhAra usa kAla meM karAyA gayA / rAjya zAsana ne pazcimI va dakSiNI mandira samUha ke mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA to jaina samAja nepUrvI - mandira -samUha ( jaina - mandira samUha ) kA jINoMddhAra karAyA / isa bAta kA sabase vizvasanIya pramANa zrI kaniMghama kI vaha riporTa hai, jisameM unhoMne batalAyA hai ki janavarI 1852 I0 meM jaba ve pahalI bAra khajurAho Ae the taba pArzvanAtha mandira saubhAgyavaza parityakta avasthA meM thA tathA ve andara jAkara nizcintatA se usakA parIkSaNa kara sake the| tadanantara kisI jainasAhUkAra dvArA usakA jorNoddhAra karA diyA gayA tathA usameM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI pratimA pratiSThita kara dI gayI / pharavarI 1865 meM jaba ve puna: isa mandira kA adhyayana karane pahu~ce to unheM mandira ke andara praveza karane se roka diyA gayA aura bAhara se hI jA~ca-par3atAla kara unheM santoSa karanA pdd'aa| bAhara se unhoMne yaha bhI noTa kiyA ki maMdira ke garbhagRha ke praveza dvAra kI choTI-bar3I jitanI bhI mUrtiyA~ haiM, unheM nIle, hare, lAla va pIle raMgoM se raMga diyA gayA hai, tathA unake raMgoM kI camaka se yaha spaSTa AbhAsa hotA hai ki unheM vArnisa se hAla hI meM raMgA gayA hai / purAtattvIya tathA sAhityika sAkSya se yaha bhalIbhA~ti pramANita hai ki candeloM ke rAjya meM jaina alpasaMkhyaka hone para bhI apekSAkRta adhika mahattvapUrNa va prabhAvazAlI the / candeloM kI dhArmika sahiSNutA, unakI samadarzitA tathA prajAvatsalatA ke kAraNa hI unake rAjya meM vibhinna sthAnoM meM, vizeSataH khajurAho va devagar3ha meM, anya dharmoM ke suvizAla aura bhavya mandiroM kI bhA~ti jainoM ke bhI atibhavya evaM kalA kI dRSTi se atyanta utkRSTa mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA jA sakA / yaha rAjya kI sarva dharma samabhAva kI nIti kA evaM rAjya dvArA pradatta dhArmika svatantratA kA sahaja svAbhAvika pariNAma thA / vijayapAla ke yazasvI putra kIrtivarman ke rAjyakAla meM zAntinAtha kI mUrti unake 'kulAbhAtya vRnda' pAhila tathA jojU (jo jainAcArya vAsavendu ( yA vAsavacandra ) ke ziSya the ) dvArA sthApita karAI gaI thI / pArzvanAtha mandira ke tathApi zilAlekha meM yadyapi pAhila ko 'kula amAtya' ke rUpa meM ullikhita nahIM kiyA gayA; use 'dhAMga rAjena mAnyaH' (dhaMga nareza dvArA samAdRta) batalA kara rAjya meM usakI pratiSThA kI ora mahattvapUrNa saMketa kiyA gayA hai evaM vAsavacandra ko 'mahArAjaguru' nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / madanavarmA ke rAjyakAla ( vi0 saM0 1215) meM sthApita sambhavanAtha kI mUrti ke mUrtilekha meM to pAhila kA pUrA vaMzavRkSa hI diyA gayA hai / isa mUrtilekha ke anusAra pAhila zreSTha dedU ke putra the / unake putra kA nAma sAlhe aura pautra kA nAma mahAgaNa, mahIcandra, sirIcandra, jinacandra, udayacandra ityAdi thA / khajurAho kA dUsarA pratiSThita jaina parivAra zreSThi zrI pANidhara kA thA, jinake putra tri-vikrama, AlhaNa va lakSmIdhara the / khajurAho kI 1. 'da arlI rularsa oNva khajurAho, zizirakumAra mitra, pR0 205-06 /

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jena mUrtiyoM ke mUrti-lekhoM se usa kAla ke dhanI-mAnI jaina samAja kA acchA paricaya prApta hotA hai tathA unase candela rAjAoM kI dhArmika sahiSNutA ke sAtha-sAtha jainoM kI rAjya-bhakti evaM unakI samanvayAtmaka dRSTi kA bhI acchA bodha hotA hai| vartamAna khajurAho ke vikAsa kI kahAnI kA adhyAya unnIsavIM zatAbdI ke madhya se prArambha hotA hai tathA usameM briTiza-zAsakoM, chatarapura rAjya ke nareza, tatkAlIna samAjapramukhoM tathA svAtantryottara kAla meM bhArata-zAsana va rAjya zAsanoM kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai / isa kArya ko adhika gati usa samaya milI jaba bhArata ke prathama rASTrapati DaoN0 rAjendra prasAda san 1950-51 meM zrI viyogI hari kI preraNA para khajurAho padhAre aura unakA kucha sAmAjika kAryakartAoM (sarvazrI mahendra kumAra 'mAnava', kAmatAprasAda saksenA, dazaratha jaina, gokulaprasAda mahAzaya prabhRti) ne abhinandana kiyA va khajurAho ke vikAsa kI rUparekhA prastuta karate hue eka likhita jJApana bheTa kiyA evaM svatantra bhArata kI sarakAra kA dhyAna isa ora AkRSTa kiyaa| usake uparAnta vigata paiMtIsa varSoM meM khajurAho meM jo kucha huA hai aura ho rahA hai, vaha sarvavidita hai| usake lie bhArata-zAsana tathA rAjya zAsana ke purAtattva tathA paryaTana vibhAga badhAI ke pAtra haiM / parantu jo nahI huA hai usa ora yathAzIghra dhyAna diyA jAnA ucita hI nahIM varana ati Avazyaka bhI hai / isa punIta kArya meM kendrIya va rAjya zAsana ke sAtha-sAtha janatA janArdana ko bhI yathocita yogadAna karanA hogA / kSetrIya jaina prabandha samiti usake lie kRta-saMkalpa hai / madhyapradeza bhArata kA hRdaya-sthala hai aura khajurAho madhyapradeza kaa| isa nAte tathA khajurAho sthita vipula sthApatya evaM zilpa-sampadA ke nAte khajurAho bhArata kA hRdaya hai / yahA~ sthita kalAkRtiyA~ evaM zilpakhaNDa samUce bhArata ke sAMskRtika-mUlyoM, pratimAnoM evaM Adarzo kI, usake bala-pauruSa evaM zaurya ke sAtha-sAtha usake bhautika vaibhava, saundarya-bodha va kalA-prema kI, usake ucca jIvana lakSyoM ke sAtha-sAtha usake samarpita jana-jIvana kI gAthAyeM nirantara gAtI rahatI hai| jIvana kA koI konA aisA nahIM hai, jisa para khajurAho ke kalAkAra ne apanI chenI-hathaur3I kA upayoga na kiyA ho| khajurAho ke kalAkAra ne dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ina cAroM puruSArthoM para AdhArita bhAratIya saMskRti kA samagratA meM aMkana kiyA hai| kevala kAma ko sabase prathama kara, usa para anAvazyaka taura para adhika bala denA (jaisA ki kucha logoM dvArA vartamAna meM kiyA jA rahA hai) usake sAtha ghora anyAya karanA hai / ina kalAkRtiyoM meM madhya-yugIna bhArata kA jana-jIvana to pratibimbita huA hI hai, usakA loka mAnasa bhI apanI pUrI dhar3akanoM ke sAtha abhilikhita huaa| khajurAho kA kalAkAra svarga meM baiThA hone para bhI apanI kalAkRtiyoM ke mAdhyama se vibhinna dezoM meM sthApita hamAre sahasroM dUtAvAsoM kI apekSA kahIM adhika prabhAvI DhaMga se bhArata kI saMskRti kA sandeza vizva ke kone-kone taka nirantara pahu~cAtA rahatA hai / bhArata kI vAstukalA tathA zilpakalA donoM kA sarvotkRSTa rUpa khajurAho meM vikasita hone se, vizva ke kalA-jagata meM khajurAho ne apanI alaga va vizeSa pahacAna banA lI hai / yahA~ kA eka-eka zilpa-khaNDa bejor3a hai aura pratyeka zilpakhaNDa kA saMrakSaNa evaM usakA purAtAttvika adhyayana kiyA jAnA paramAvazyaka hai /

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( vi ) prastuta pustaka isa dizA kI ora bar3hAyA gayA eka choTA-sA kadama hai / yaha hamArA eka vinamra prayAsa mAtra hai| pratimA-vijJAna ke AdhAra para khajurAho-sthita jaina-mandiroM, zAsakIya va azAsakIya saMgrahAlayoM tathA khajurAho ke atirikta anyatra khajurAho ke jana purAtattva kI jo sAmagrI upalabdha hai, usakA purAtAttvika vizleSaNa karate samaya vidvAna lekhaka ne athaka parizrama karate hue jisa vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa va niSpakSa bhAva kA paricaya diyA hai, vaha zlAghanIya hai| isa kRti meM unhoMne vigata aneka varSoM se unake dvArA isa viSaya para kiye va karAye jA rahe zogha-kArya kA sAra-saMkSepa to prastuta kiyA hI hai, sAtha hI anya vidvAnoM dvArA sambandhita praznoM para jo sAmagrI ekatrita kI gaI hai va jo vicAra-maMthana kiyA gayA hai, usakA bhI samyakrUpeNa ullekha karane kA yathocita prayAsa kiyA hai| pUrvavartI vidvAnoM dvArA jo niSkarSa nikAle gaye, unakA parIkSaNa to unhoMne kiyA hI hai, sAtha hI aneka sthaloM para naI jamIna bhI unhoMne nae sire se tor3I hai| unhoMne sadaiva saMyama se kAma liyA hai aura binA paryApta sAkSya ke jaldabAjI meM kisI niSkarSa para paha~cane kI bhUla nahIM kI hai| khajurAho ke jaina mandira jisa sAMskRtika samanvaya tathA sAmanjasya ke pratIka haiM, lekhaka ne bhI usI samanvayAtmaka dRSTi ko apanAte huye apanA lekhana kArya kiyA hai / khajurAho ke kalAkAra ne yadi chainI-hathaur3I se kaThora pASANa para bhArata kI indradhanuSI saMskRti ko sAkAratA evaM sajIvatA pradAna kI hai, to prastuta pustaka ke lekhaka ne bhI usa kalAkAra ke hRdaya meM apanA hRdaya ur3elakara usase tAdAtmya sthApita kara usake mantavyoM tathA bhAvanAoM ko bar3I hI ImAnadArI se apane zabdoM dvArA chAyAcitrita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| unakI bhASA pariSkRta va prAJjala hone ke sAtha-sAtha sahaja, sarala va subodha hai, jisake kAraNa sAdhAraNa pAThaka bhI kaThina viSaya ko bhalIbhA~ti samajha letA hai| DaoN0 mArutinandana prasAda tivArI ne hamAre Agraha ko sahaja DhaMga se svIkAra kara isa grantha kA sRjana karane kI jo kRpA kI hai, usake liye kSetrIya-prabandhasamiti unake prati hArdika AbhAra vyakta karatI hai| ___ isa grantha meM jo bhI niSkarSa yA abhimata prastuta kiye gaye haiM, ve vidvAna lekhaka ke adhyayana-manana-cintana kA pariNAma haiM aura unakA uttaradAyitva bhI una para hI hai| yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki prakAzaka kA mata lekhaka ke mata se milatA hI ho / pustaka ke prakAzana meM kSetrIya prabandha samiti ke upAdhyakSa zrI surendra kumAra jaina evaM maMtrI zrI kamala kumAra jaina ne bahuta parizrama kiyA hai, jisake liye ve dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| __anta meM, hama pustaka ke zuddha va AkarSaka mudraNa ke liye tArA priTiMga varksa, vArANasI ke saMcAlaka zrI ramAzaMkara paNDyA ke prati bhI hArdika kRtajJatA vyakta karanA apanA parama kartavya samajhate haiN| 1 janavarI 1987 dazaratha jaina adhyakSa zrI sAhU zAntiprasAda jaina kalA-saMgrahAlaya. samiti tathA zrI di0 jaina atizaya kSetra khajurAho prabandha samiti

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Amukha jaina kalA aura sthApatya ke vikAsa ko samagra aura vyavasthita rUpa se samajhane ke lie yaha nitAnta Avazyaka hai ki sarvaprathama vibhinna pramukha jaina kalA kendroM kI pratimAoM evaM mandiroM kA savistara svataMtra adhyayana kiyA jAya / taduparAnta una sthaloM kI purAtAttvika sAmagrI kA aitihAsika dRSTi se ekaikazaH vivecana ho / prastuta grantha ko racanA isI dRSTi se kI gayI hai / isa grantha meM khajurAho kI jaina purA-sampadA ke sAMgopAMga vivecana kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| madhya pradeza ke chatarapura jile meM sthita khajurAho rASTrIya mahattva kA kalA-kendra hai / 10 vIM se 12 vIM zatI I0 ke madhya candela zAsakoM ke kAla meM yahA~ apAra saMkhyA meM mandiroM evaM mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa huaa| khajurAho ke mandira apanI sthApatyagata yojanA aura vizAlatA ke lie tathA mUrtiyA~ apane anupama saundarya, AkarSaNa, alaMkaraNa aura tIkhI bhAva-bhaMgimAoM ke lie vizva prasiddha hai| deva mUrtiyoM ke nirUpaNa meM zAstrIya vivaraNoM ke prati pratibaddhatA pUrI taraha spaSTa hai / tatkAlIna dhArmika itihAsa kI jAnakArI kI dRSTi se ina deva mUrtiyoM kA vizeSa mahattva hai / mandiroM para jIvana ke vividha pakSoM kA bhI atyanta sUkSmatA ke sAtha jIvanta aMkana huA hai / taraMgamaya bhAva-bhaMgimAoM vAlI manabhAvana apsarA mUrtiyA~ aura kAma-zilpa khajurAho kalA ke vizeSa AkarSaNa haiN| khajurAho kI kalA meM dhArmika sAmaMjasya kA bhAva adbhuta rUpa meM vyakta huA hai / kucha brAhmaNa mandiroM para tIrthakara mUrtiyoM kA aMkana aura isI prakAra jaina mandiroM para brAhmaNa dharma ke devI-devatAoM kA nirUpaNa dhArmika saumanasyatA kA sUcaka hai| khajurAho ke brAhmaNa mandiroM evaM mUrtiyoM para vidvAnoM ne paryApta vistAra se kArya kiyA hai, kintu jaina mandiroM evaM mUrtiyoM para abhI taka samucita vistAra se koI kArya nahIM huA haiN| pArzvanAtha, ghaNTaI, AdinAtha evaM zAntinAtha jaise mahattvapUrNa jaina mandiroM ke atirikta khajurAho meM kama se kama 20 anya jaina mandira bhI the jinake purAvazeSa vahAM ke navIna jaina mandiroM evaM sthAnIya saMgrahAlayoM meM surakSita haiM / jaina mandiroM kI sthApatya yojanA bhAratIya paramparA kI nAgara zailI ke mandiroM ke anurUpa hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki khajurAho ke brAhmaNa evaM jaina mandiroM kI sthApatya yojanA meM samarUpatA milatI hai| prastuta grantha meM khajurAho kI jaina purAtAttvika sAmagrI ke vizad aura tulanAtmaka adhyayana kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| grantha lekhana kI avadhi meM maiMne svayaM kaI bAra khajurAho jAkara vahAM kI sAmagrI kA saMkalana aura parIkSaNa kiyA hai| yaha grantha kula ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai / pahalA adhyAya prastAvanA se sambandhita hai jisameM candela zAsakoM ke itihAsa evaM khajurAho ke mandiroM tathA mUrtiyoM kI sAmAnya vivecanA kI gayI hai / dUsare adhyAya meM khajurAho ke jaina mandiroM evaM mUrtiyoM kA vistRta adhyayana hai / tIsarA

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( viii ) adhyAya jaina devakula ke sAmAnya paricaya se sambandhita hai| Age ke adhyAyoM meM vivecita deva mUrtiyoM ko pAramparika sandarbha meM samajhane kI dRSTi se isa adhyAya kA vizeSa mahattva hai / cauthe adhyAya meM khajurAho kI tIrthaMkara yA jina mUrtiyoM kA vizad vivecana huA hai / pA~cavA~ adhyAya khajurAho kI jaina yakSa aura yakSI mUrtiyoM se sambandhita hai| chaThe adhyAya meM khajurAho kI vidyAdevI yA mahAvidyA mUrtiyoM kA adhyayana hai / sAtaveM adhyAya meM khajurAho se milI anya jaina deva mUrtiyoM kA adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| inameM bAhubalI, sarasvatI, lakSmI, navagraha, jaina muni evaM yugala mUrtiyA~ mukhya haiN| AThaveM adhyAya meM khajurAho ke navanirmita sAhU zAnti prasAda jaina kalA saMgrahAlaya kI mUrtiyoM kA svatantra vivecana hai| pariziSTa meM AdinAtha mandira ke pravezadvAra kI mUrtiyoM, mAMgalika svapnoM, jaina lekhoM, tIrthaMkara, yakSa-yakSI evaM mahAvidyAoM kI pratimAlakSaNa sambandhI tAlikAoM aura pAribhASika zabdAvalI ke ullekha haiN| anta meM vistRta sandarbha-sUcI, citrasUcI aura citrAvalI diye gaye haiN| prastuta grantha ke lekhana evaM prakAzana meM jina kRpAlu vyaktiyoM evaM saMsthAoM se sahAyatA milI hai, unake prati AbhAra ke do zabda kahanA yahA~ apanA karttavya samajhatA huuN| grantha-lekhana meM AyI vibhinna samasyAoM ke samAdhAna meM kRpApUrNa sahAyatA evaM satat utsAhavardhana ke lie maiM pro0 madhusUdana DhAkI, sahanidezaka (zodha), amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI aura pro0 DA0 Ananda kRSNa, bhUtapUrva vibhAgAdhyakSa, kalA-itihAsa vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI ke prati kRtajJatA jJApita karatA huuN| prastuta grantha ke lekhana evaM prakAzana kI avadhi meM milI bahuvidha sahAyatA ke lie maiM DA0 (zrImatI) kamala giri, vyAkhyAtrI, kalA-itihAsa vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya kA vizeSa rUpa se AbhArI huuN| grantha ke prakAzana ke lie maiM zrI sAhU zAnti prasAda jaina kalA saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho prabandha samiti evaM zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra khajurAho prabandha samiti, khajurAho kA AbhArI huuN| isa prasaMga meM maiM samiti ke adhyakSa zrI dazaratha jaina, upAdhyakSa zrI surendra kumAra jaina evaM maMtrI zrI kamala kumAra jaina ko vizeSa rUpa se dhanyavAda detA huuN| __ grantha meM prakAzita citroM ke lie maiM amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI ke prati apanA AbhAra vyakta karatA huuN| kucha citroM kI vyavasthA ke lie maiM zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra khajurAho prabandha samiti, khajurAho ko bhI dhanyavAda detA hU~ / sundara mudraNa ke lie maiM tArA prinTiga vasaM, vArANasI ke vyavasthApaka zrI ramAzaMkara paNDyA ko bhI sAdhuvAda detA huuN| __vidvAnoM evaM sAmAnya jijJAsu pAThakoM ke lie yaha grantha yadi kiMcit mAtra bho upayogI siddha huA to maiM apane prayAsa ko sArthaka maanuuNgaa| hindI jagata meM bhI prastutata grantha kA svAgata hogA, isa vizvAsa ke sAtha / kAttika pUrNimA, 16 navambara 1986 mAruti nandana prasAda tivArI

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viSaya-sUcI viSaya pRSTha prakAzakIya i-vi Amukha vii-vii adhyAya-1: prastAvanA 1-10 rAjanItika pRSThabhUmi 1, khajurAho ke mandiraH4, sthApatya-mUrtikalA, pratimAvijJAna adhyAya-2 : khajurAho kI jaina kalA 11-34 rAjanItika evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi 11, khajurAho ke jaina mandira 13 adhyAya-3 : jaina devakula 35-38 adhyAya-4 : tIrthaGkara yA jina mUrtiyAM 39-54 sAmAnya vikAsa 39, khajurAho kI jina mUrtiyA~ 41, svatantra jina mUrtiyA~ 43, RSabhanAtha 43, ajitanAtha 45, sambhavanAtha 45, abhinandana 46, sumatinAtha 46, padmaprabha 46, supArzvanAtha 46, candraprabha 47, zAntinAtha 47, kuMthunAtha 47, munisuvrata 48, neminAtha 48, pArzvanAtha 48, mahAvIra 51, dvitIrthI jinamUrti 52, tritIrthI jinamUrti 53, jina caumukhI 53, jIvana dRzya 54 adhyAya-5 : yakSa-yakSI mUrtiyA~ 55-62 sAmAnya vikAsa 55, khajurAho kI yakSa-yakSI mUrtiyA~ 56, sarvAnubhUti ( yA kubera ) 57, cakrezvarI 58, manovegA 59, ambikA yA kuSmANDI 59, padmAvatI 61, siddhAyikA 61 adhyAya-6 : vidyAdevI yA mahAvidyA mUrtiyA~ 63-66 adhyAya-7 : anya deva mUrtiyA~ 67-82 bAhubalI 67, jaina yugala 69, jaina AcArya 70, sarasvatI 72, lakSmI 74, kSetrapAla 75, aSTadikpAla 77, navagraha 80, gaMgA-yamunA 82, aSTavasu 82 adhyAya-8 : sAhU zAntiprasAda jaina kalA saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho 83-90 pariziSTa : 91-112 (ka) AdinAtha mandira ke pravezadvAra kI mUrtiyA~ 91-92 (kha) mAMgalika svapna 92-94 (ga) jaina lekha 94-96 (gha) jina-mUrtivijJAna-tAlikA 97-98 (Ga) yakSa-yakSI-mUrtivijJAna-tAlikA 99-107 vijJAna-tAlikA 108-109 (cha) pAribhASika zabdAvalI 110-112 sandarbha-sUcI 113-122 citra-sUcI 123-125

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adhyAya 1 prastAvanA madhya pradeza ke chatarapura jile meM sthita khajurAho mUrtiyoM aura maMdiroM ke kAraNa vizva prasiddha hai / yadyapi Aja yaha eka choTA sA gA~va hai kintu eka hajAra varSa pUrva candela zAsakoM kI rAjadhAnI tathA kalA evaM sthApatya ke pramukha kendra ke rUpa meM isa sthala kI prasiddhi thI / khajurAho Aja bhI apane apratima kalA-saundarya tathA nAgara zailI ke vizAla maMdiroM evaM manabhAvana mUrtiyoM ke kAraNa vizva ke kone-kone se Ane vAle paryaTakoM ke lie vizeSa AkarSaNa kA kendra hai / yaha sthAna mahobA se 55 kilomITara dakSiNa kI ora, harapAlapura tathA chatarapura se kramazaH 98 aura 46 kilomITara pUrva kI ora aura satanA tathA pannA se kramazaH 120 aura 43 kilomITara pazcimottara dizA meM sthita hai| khajurAho ke navIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya ke candela maMdira zaiva, vaiSNava, zAkta evaM jaina sampradAyoM se sambandhita haiM / mandiroM evaM mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa kI dRSTi se lagabhaga 950 I0 se 1050 I0 ke madhya kA kAla sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa rahA hai / isI avadhi meM yahA~ ke zreSThatama kandariyA mahAdeva, lakSmaNa, ghaNTaI aura pArzvanAtha maMdiroM kA nirmANa huA / madhyakAla meM vartamAna khajurAho ke Asa-pAsa kA kSetra arthAt madhya pradeza kA uttarI bhAga jejAkabhukti yA bundelakhaNDa ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA thA / sthAnIya janazruti ke anusAra khajurAho meM kula 85 maMdira the kintu vartamAna meM unameM se kevala 25 maMdira hI zeSa haiM / " candela zAsaka kalA evaM sthApasya ke mahAn samarthaka the / unake zAsana kSetra ke antargata khajurAho, mahobA ( mahotsava nagara), kAliMjara ( yA kAlaMjara), ajayagar3ha, dudhai, cAMdapura, madanapura aura devagar3ha jaise sthaloM para maMdiroM evaM mUrtiyoM kI prabhUta saMkhyA isa bAta kA sAkSI hai / ina saba meM khajurAho nizcita hI sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa kendra rahA hai / abhilekha, sAhitya tathA videziyoM ke vivaraNoM meM vartamAna khajurAho nAma ke vibhinna rUpa milate haiM / eka kiMvadantI ke anusAra yaha nagara kabhI khajUra ke vRkSoM ke bIca meM basA thA, isI kAraNa isakA nAma kharjUrapura par3A; kintu vartamAna meM yahA~ khajUra ke vRkSoM kA nitAnta abhAva hai / zilAlekhoM aura prAcIna granthoM meM isa sthAna ke kharjUravAhaka, kharjUravATikara, khajjUrapura, kajurA, khajurAhA Adi nAma prApta hote haiM / 3 1. kRSNadeva, "di Tempulsa oNva khajurAho ina senTrala iMDiyA", ainziyanTa iMDiyA, aMka 15, 1959, pR0 44 // 2. vikrama saMvat 1059 (1002 I0) kA dhaMga kA prastara lekha / 3. vikrama saMvat 1026 (969 I0) kA dhaMga kA lekha; vidyAprakAza, khajurAho-e sTaDI ina di kalcarala kanDIzansa oNva candela sosAyaTI, bambaI, 1982 ( purnamudrita ), pR0 1 - 2 |

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva vastutaH candela zAsakoM ke kAla meM hI khajurAho kA pramukha rAjanItika aura kalA kendra ke rUpa meM vikAsa huaa| candela zAsakoM ne lagabhaga navIM zatI I0 meM apanA rAjanItika jIvana kannauja ke gurjara-pratihAra zAsakoM ke sAmantoM ke rUpa meM prArambha kiyA aura zIghra hI uttara bhArata kI pramukha rAjanItika zakti ke rUpa meM unakA abhyudaya huaa|' candela zAsakoM kI utpatti ke sambandha meM vibhinna pramANa milate haiN| khajurAho ke do lekhoM meM inheM candrAtreya aura dudhai ke eka lekha meM candrella kahA gayA hai| candela nAma se inakA ullekha sarvaprathama cAhamAna zAsaka pRthvIrAja tRtIya ke madanapura lekha aura kalcurI zAsaka lakSmIkarNa ke banArasa lekha meM huA hai / khajurAho ke lakSmaNa maMdira ke vikrama saMvat 1011 (954 I0) ke abhilekha meM candeloM kA sambandha RSi atri tathA unake putra candrAtreya se jor3A gayA hai / paramadideva ke vikrama saMvat 1252 (1195 I0) ke baghArI (yA baTezvara) zilAlekha meM bhI candeloM kI utpatti atri, candramA tathA candrAtreya se batalAI gayI hai / vibhinna sAkSyoM se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki candeloM kI utpatti candramA se batalAkara unake candravaMzI kSatriya hone kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai| ___ dhaMga ke vikrama saMvat 1011 (954 I0) ke khajurAho lekha meM prathama candela zAsaka kA nAma nannuka (la0 831-845 I0) batAyA gayA hai / lekha meM nannuka ko nRpa aura mahIpati kahA gayA hai / eka mAnyatA ke anusAra nannuka ne saMbhavataH pratihAra zAsaka rAmabhadra ke bure dinoM meM candela rAjya kI sthApanA kI thii| dUsarI mAnyatA ke anusAra vaha eka sthAnIya sAmanta mAtra thA aura usakA dUsarA nAma yA viruda candravarmA thaa| nannuka kA uttarAdhikArI usakA putra vAkpati (844-870 I0) huA / isane vindhya kI ora apanI zakti kA vistAra kiyaa| jayazakti aura vijayazakti (la0 865 se 885 I0) vAkpati ke do putra the, jinakA kaI candela lekhoM meM ullekha huA hai / vAkpati kI mRtyu ke pazcAt jayazakti aura usake bAda usakA choTA bhAI vijayazakti zAsaka huA / jayazakti ne zAsana prabandha para adhika dhyAna diyA jabaki vijayazakti ne rAjanItika gatividhiyoM meM vizeSa ruci lii| mahobA ke eka lekha ke anusAra jayazakti ne apane nAma para rAjya kA nAma jejAkabhukti rakhA / vijayazakti ke pazcAt usakA putra rAhila (885-905 I0) zAsaka huaa| isake zAsanakAla meM koI mahatvapUrNa rAjanItika ghaTanA nahIM huI / sthAnIya lekha meM use vIra, yoddhA aura zatruhantA batAyA gayA hai / 1. vistRta candela itihAsa ke lie draSTavya : dIkSita, Ara0 ke0, candelsa oNpha jejAkabhukti aiNDa deyara TAimsa (pI-eca0 DI0 thIsisa, lakhanaU vizvavidyAlaya, 1950); bosa, ena0 esa0, hisTrI Apha candelsa, kalakattA, 1956; mitrA, esa0 ke0, arlI rUlarsa oNpha khajurAho, kalakattA, 1958; pAThaka, vizuddhAnanda, uttara bhArata kA rAjanItika itihAsa, vArANasI, 1973, pR0 372-427 / 2. epigrAphiyA iMDikA, khaNDa-1, pRSTha 124, 141; khaNDa-2, pRSTha 306; iMDiyana enTikverI, khaNDa-18, pRSTha 236-37, AkiyolAjikala sarve oNva iMDiyA riporTa (e0 kaniMghama), khaNDa-21, pR0 174; mirAzI, vI0 vI0, kalacuri cedi eraa|

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prastAvanA mr candela rAjavaMza kA pahalA mahatvapUrNa zAsaka harSadeva (905-925 I0) thA jo rAhila ke bAda siMhAsanAsIna huaa| vastutaH harSa ke samaya hI candela rAjavaMza kI zakti aura pratiSThA pUrI taraha sthApita huii| usane samakAlIna rAjavaMzoM ke sAtha vaivAhika sambandhoM ke mAdhyama se candeloM kI zakti meM vRddhi kii| isake kAla meM hI khajurAho kA mAtaMgezvara mandira (900-925 I0) bnaa| harSadeva ke pazcAt usakA putra yazovarman (925-950 I0) zAsaka huA jo candela rAjavaMza kA yazasvI aura sAmarika pratibhA sampanna vyakti thaa| usane harSa kI vijaya yojanA ko aura gati dI tathA sAmrAjya kA vistAra kiyaa| usane gaur3a, kosala, cedi, kurU, mithilA, mAlavA, kazmIra tathA gurjaroM para vijaya kii| kAliMjara kile kI vijaya usakI sabase mahatvapUrNa vijaya thii| pratihAroM, kalacuriyoM, pAloM aura paramAroM ke viruddha saphalatA ke kAraNa yazovarman nirvivAdarUpa se uttara bhArata kI eka pramukha rAjanItika zakti ke rUpa meM ubharakara sAmane aayaa| isake kAla meM khajurAho kA bhavya lakSmaNa mandira banA jo sthApatya kI dRSTi se madhya bhArata kA sarvAdhika vikasita aura alaMkRta maMdira thaa| yazovarman ke putra dhaMga (950-1003 I0) ke zAsanakAla meM candela rAjavaMza kI pratiSThA nizcita rUpa se caramotkarSa para thii| dhaMga ne mahatvapUrNa vijayoM dvArA candela zakti ko aura adhika dRr3ha kiyaa| isI ke samaya meM candela sAmrAjya kI sImAyeM bhI sunizcita huii| dhaMga candela rAjavaMza kA pahalA nRpati thA jisane pratihAra sattA ko pUrI taraha asvIkAra kara svAdhInatA ghoSita kii| usakA rAjya kAliMjara se mAlava nadI taka, mAlava nadI se kAliMdI taka, kAliMdI se cedi rAjya taka aura cedi rAjya se gopa (gopAdri-gvAliyara) taka vistRta thaa| mahAn vijetA aura zAsaka hone ke sAtha hI dhaMga kalA kA bhI mahAn samarthaka thaa| usake kAla meM khajurAho meM jinanAtha, vaidyanAtha aura zambhu ke mandira bane / zambhu kA bhavya mandira svayaM dhaMga dvArA banavAyA gyaa| vartamAna vizvanAtha mandira hI dhaMga dvArA nirmita zambhu mandira thaa| dhaMga dvArA apUrva rUpa se sammAnita pAhila ne jinanAtha mandira banavAyA thA jo vartamAna pArzvanAtha mandira hai / vaidyanAtha mandira kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM ho sakI hai| dhaMga ke pazcAta usakA putra gaNDa (la0 1002-03 se 1018 I0) thor3e samaya ke lie zAsaka huaa| rAjanItika dRSTi se usakA zAsana mahatvapUrNa nahIM thaa| usake kAla meM hI sambhavataH khajurAho meM devI jagadaMbI aura citragupta mandira bane / gaNDa ke pazcAt usakA putra vidyAdhara (la0 10181029 I0) siMhAsanArUr3ha huA jisake zAsanakAla meM candela rAjavaMza gaurava ke zikhara para pahu~cA / apane samaya meM vaha sambhavataH uttara bhArata kA sarvAdhika zaktizAlI zAsaka thaa| kalacuriyoM aura paramAroM para usakI vijaya usake kAla kI pramukha rAjanItika ghaTanAe~ thIM / usane mahamUda gajanavI ke AkramaNa se kAliMjara kile kI do bAra rakSA kii| vidyAdhara ne pUrvajoM kI mandira nirmANa paramparA ko bhI akSuNNa rakhA / khajurAho kA kandariyA mahAdeva mandira isa bAta kA spaSTa sAkSI hai / abhilekhoM meM vidyAdhara kA ziva ke ananya bhakta ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai / 1. epigrAphiyA iMDikA, khaNDa-1, pR0 145-47 / 2. vidyAprakAza, pUrva niviSTa, pR0 5 / 3. kRSNadeva, pUrva nirdiSTa, pR0 45 /

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva vidyAdhara ke pazcAt kalacuriyoM aura musalamAnoM ke AkramaNoM ke kAraNa candela zakti kA parAbhava prArambha ho gyaa| candela zakti ke parAbhava ke sAtha hI khajurAho kA rAjanItika mahatva bhI kama huaa| sAmarika AvazyakatAoM ke kAraNa candeloM ko apanI rAjanItika gatividhiyAM mahobA, ajayagar3ha aura kAliMjara ke durgoM para hI kendrita karanI pdd'ii| rAjanItika sthitiyoM meM parivartana ke bAda bhI khajurAho meM mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa kA krama nahIM TUTA aura lagabhaga 12vIM zatI I0 ke anta taka mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa hotA rahA / vidyAdhara ke pazcAt kramazaH vijayapAla (la0 1029-1051 I0), devavarman (la0 1051 I0), kIrtivarman (la0 1070-1098 I0), jayavarman (la0 1117 I0), pRthvIvarman (la0 1125I0), madanavarman paramardideva (la0 1166-1201 I0) evaM trailokyavarman Adi zAsaka hue / inameM madanavaman aura paramadideva hI rAjanItika dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa the / khajurAho meM deva-mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa aura pratiSThA kI paramparA madanavarman ke zAsanakAla (1158 I0) taka calatI rahI, isake spaSTa purAtAtvika pramANa haiN| isI avadhi meM vAmana, AdinAtha, javArI, caturbhuja tathA dUlAdeva (12vIM zatI I0 kA pUrvAdha) Adi mandiroM kA nirmANa huaa| ye mandira AkAra meM pUrva mandiroM kI apekSA choTe kintu khajurAho kI kalAtmaka gatividhiyoM kI nirantaratA ke sAkSI haiN| khajurAho ke mandira ___ candela zAsakoM ne bhAratIya sthApatya evaM mUrtikalA ke vikAsa meM abhUtapUrva yogadAna kiyaa| zAsakoM ne apane sAmrAjya ko sarovaroM, rAjaprAsAdoM, mandiroM evaM mUrtiyoM se pUrI taraha alaMkRta rakhane kI ceSTA kii| inakI kalAtmaka gatividhiyAM khajurAho, urdamaU, mahobA, kAliMjara, ajayagar3ha, mohAndrA, jaso, bAnapura, ahAra, devagar3ha, serona, canderI, thUbauna, cAMdapura, dudhai evaM madanapura Adi kSetroM se sambandhita rahI haiN| kintu candeloM kI kalAtmakatA niHsandeha khajurAho ke mandiroM evaM una para Alekhita mUrtiyoM meM hI zreSThatama stara para abhivyakta huii| ___ maMdiroM evaM mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa meM zAsakIya samarthana evaM saMrakSaNa kA vizeSa mahatva hotA hai / isa samarthana kI pRSThabhUmi meM zAsakoM kI dhArmika AsthA kI nirNAyaka bhUmikA hotI hai / candela zAsaka prAcIna bhAratIya paramparA ke anurUpa hI dharma sahiSNu rahe haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki candela zAsana kSetra ke antargata brAhmaNa dharma ke vibhinna sampradAyoM ke sAtha hI jaina evaM bauddha' kalAvazeSa bhI dikhAI dete haiN| candela zAsaka vyaktigata stara para zaiva tathA vaiSNava dharmAvalambI the / khajurAho ke kandariyA mahAdeva, vizvanAtha, lakSmaNa, varAha evaM caturbhuja maMdira isake sAkSI haiN| 1. mahobA se 10 vIM-11 vIM zatI I0 kI kucha bauddha mUrtiyA~ milI haiN| inameM tArA, siMha nAtha lokezvara aura padmapANi avalokitezvara kA nirUpaNa huA hai / ghubelA saMgrahAlaya evaM purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho meM bhI do mUrtiyA~ haiN|

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prastAvanA sthApatya' khajurAho ke maMdira nAgara zailI ke udAharaNa haiN| inakI niyojita sthApatya yojanA tathA unameM pUrI taraha samAhita sundara mUrtiyAM nAgara zailI ke maMdiroM ke vikAsa ke zreSThatama stara ko darzAtI haiN| ye maMdira zaiva, vaiSNava, zAkta, saura aura jaina sampradAyoM ke haiN| yahA~ kisI bauddha maMdira ke avazeSa nahIM mile haiN| vibhinna sampradAyoM se sambaddha hone ke bAda bhI ina maMdiroM kI vAstu evaM zilpa yojanA mUlataH ekarUpa hai| cauMsaTha yoginI, brahmA, lalaguA~, mahAdeva, varAha evaM mAtaMgezvara maMdiroM ke atirikta anya sabhI maMdiroM ke vAstu zailI kI ekarUpatA pUrI taraha spaSTa hai / 2 binA cahAradIvArI vAle khajurAho ke maMdira eka U~cI jagatI para sthita haiM / talacchaMda meM ye maMdira laiTina krAsa ke AkAra ke haiM, jinameM lambI bhujA pUrva se pazcima kI ora pradarzita hai| ye maMdira garbhagRha, antarAla, maNDapa aura arddhamaNDapa se yukta hai| pArzvanAtha, lakSmaNa tathA kandariyA mahAdeva jaise adhika vikasita maMdiroM meM pradakSiNApatha se yukta maNDapa bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| UdhrvacchaMda meM khajurAho ke maMdira jagatI aura usapara lambAkAra Upara kI ora uThane vAle adhiSThAna, jaMghA ( yA maMDovara), varaNDa evaM zikhara se yukta haiM / maMdiroM ke adhiSThAnoM para vibhinna abhiprAyoM evaM deva mUrtiyoM kA aMkana huA hai / jaMghA para sAmAnyataH mUrtiyoM kI do yA tIna samAnAntara paMktiyA~ AkArita hai, jinameM prathama do paMktiyoM meM svatantra deva tathA deva-yugala mUrtiyA~ haiM jabaki antima paMkti meM gandharvo, vidyAdharoM evaM kinnaroM Adi kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| nicalI do paMktiyoM meM bIca-bIca meM vibhinna manamohaka mudrAoM meM apsarAoM yA sura-sundariyoM kI bhI AkarSaka mUrtiyA~ banI haiM / inhIM meM bIca-bIca meM vyAla kI bhI vividha rUpoM vAlI mUrtiyA~ haiN| inameM gaja-vyAla, nara-vyAla, zuka-vyAla, siMhavyAla mukhya haiN| ullekhanIya hai ki khajurAho maMdiroM para vyAla AkRtiyoM kA aMkana vizeSa lokapriya thaa| jaMghA meM kakSAsana yA gavAkSa kA manohara aMkana kalA saundarya ke sAtha hI maMdira ke bhItarI bhAga meM manda prakAza ke saMcAra ke vyAvahArika upayoga kI dRSTi se bhI mahatvapUrNa hai / maMdiroM ke chata bhAga ke Upara arddhamaNDapa, maNDapa aura garbhagRha ke lie alaga-alaga aura kramazaH unnata hotI huI koNayukta stUpAkAra pirAmiDa ke AkAra vAlI chateM haiM / zikhara ke zIrSa para do Amalaka, eka kalaza aura sabase Upara bIjapUraka hai| pradhAna vakra rekhAoM ke layabaddha saMyojana se zikhara kA AkAra atyanta sundara dikhAI detA hai| bar3e zikhara kI mUla maMjarI ke cAroM ora uraHzRMga haiN| khajurAho-maMdiroM ke vitAna atyanta kuzala aura paripakva saMyojana vyakta karate haiN| khajurAho ke kucha maMdira paMcAyatana ( lakSmaNa, vizvanAtha ) zailI ke bhI hai jinameM madhyavartI pradhAna maMdira ke atirikta jagatI ke cAroM konoM para eka-eka maMdira bane haiM / vartamAna meM khajurAho meM kevala 25 mandira vibhinna avasthAoM meM surakSita haiN| inheM sAdhAraNataH tIna samUhoM, pazcimI, pUrvI aura dakSiNI meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai / pazcimI 1. vistAra ke lie draSTavya, kRSNadeva, 'di Tempulsa oNva khajurAho ina senTrala iMDiyA', pR0 43-65; kRSNadeva, Tempulsa Ava nArtha iMDiyA, dillI, 1969, pR0 55-64 / 2. kRSNadeva, Tempulsa Ava nAthaM iMDiyA, pR0 56 / .

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtattve samUha meM sarvAdhika mandira hai| isameM lakSmaNa, vizvanAtha, kandariyA mahAdeva, devI jagadaMbI, citragupta, cauMsaTha yoginI, lAlaguA~ mahAdeva, mAtaMgezvara, nandI, pArvatI, varAha tathA mahAdeva mandira Ate haiM / antima sAta mandira apekSAkRta choTe kintu sthApatya kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa haiN| pUrvI samUha meM brAhmaNa aura jaina donoM hI mandira Ate haiN| brAhmaNa mandiroM meM brahmA, vAmana aura javArI tathA jaina mandiroM meM ghaNTaI, AdinAtha aura pArzvanAtha mandira haiM / dakSiNI samUha meM kevala do mandira dUlAdeva aura caturbhuja hai / ye donoM hI mandira brAhmaNa dharma se sambandhita haiN| khajurAho ke mandiroM ko sAmAnyataH 950 se 1050 I0 ke madhya nirmita mAnA gayA hai / kintu zrI kRSNadeva ne vivinna abhilekhIya sAkSyoM tathA sthApatya, zilpa evaM alaMkaraNoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke pazcAt yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki khajurAho kA prAcInatama mandira 850 I0 ke pUrva aura antima mandira 1100 I0 ke bAda bnaa|' kRSNadeva ne cauMsaTha yoginI, lalaguA~ mahAdeva, brahmA, mAtaMgezvara tathA varAha mandiroM ko prArambhika tathA anya mandiroM ko paravartI mandiroM ke antargata rakhA hai / mUrtikalA zilpa vaibhava kI dRSTi se bhI khajurAho ke mandira vizeSa mahatva ke haiM / anyatra ke madhyayugIna mandiroM kI bhA~ti khajurAho meM bhI sthApatya evaM mUrtikalA kA anyonyAzrita sambandha rahA hai / mUrtiyA~ mandiroM ke vibhinna bhAgoM para sthApatyagata yojanA ke sAtha pUrA sAmaMjasya rakhatI huI isa prakAra ukerI gaI hai ki unase mandiroM ke saundarya meM vRddhi huI hai / mUrtiyA~ pUrI taraha mandiroM kA svAbhAvika aMga pratIta hoto haiM / khajurAho kI mUrtiyA~ guptakAlIna mUrtiyoM ke maulika vizeSatAoM ko madhyakAlIna pravRttiyoM ke sAtha saMjoye hue haiN| sTelA Umariza ke anusAra candela mUrtikalA meM bhAratIya mUrtikalA ke maulika tatva pUrI taraha jIvita aura kriyAzIla rUpa meM vidyamAna haiN| ina maulika tatvoM ne hI kalA kI madhyayugIna svIkRta pravRttiyoM ko niyaMtrita rkhaa| madhyabhArata ke kendra meM sthita hone ke kAraNa isapara pUrvI aura pazcimI bhArata kI kalAoM kA prabhAva pdd'aa| bhAvoM kI gahanatA, zilpI kI Antarika bhAvAbhivyakti kI kSamatA tathA bhavyatA kI dRSTi se ye mUrtiyA~ gupta mUrtiyoM ke samakakSa nahIM ThaharatI, kyoMki inameM zArIrika saundarya aura AkarSaNa, vizeSataH strI AkRti ke sandarbha meM, aindrikatA ke stara para abhivyakta huA hai| ina mUrtiyoM meM zarIra racanA adhika jaTila tathA tIkSNa evaM vakra rekhAoM vAlI hai / mandiroM kI dIvAroM para ubharI huI ye mUrtiyA~ cAroM ora se korakara banAye jAne kA 1. kRSNadeva, 'di Tempulsa oNva khajurAho ina senTrala iMDiyA', pR0 49-51 / 2. kaniMghama ne kandariyA mahAdeva mandira ke bhItara aura bAhara kI ora kula 872 mUrtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / mUrtiyoM kI isa apAra saMkhyA ke bAda bhI sthApatya evaM mUrti ke bIca kA sAmaMjasya banA huA hai| 3. memaoNyarsa oNva AkiyolAjikala sarve Ava iNDiyA, aMka 3, pR0 1 / .

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prastAvanA bhAva vyakta karatI haiM aura rUpayaSTi ko sAkAra aura manabhAvana abhivyakti lagatI haiN| pratimAvijJAna kI dRSTi se bhI ye mUrtiyA~ atyanta vikasita koTi kI haiM aura inameM lakSaNoM aura sahAyaka AkRtiyoM se sambandhita vivaraNoM kI pramukhatA hai, jo madhyakAlIna mUrtikalA kI eka sAmAnya vizeSatA rahI hai| madhyakAlIna mUrtiyoM meM pratimAlakSaNa kI dRSTi se mUrtiyoM ke kliSTa hone tathA devamUrti nirmANa meM kalAkAra kI pUrI taraha zAstrIya granthoM para nirbharatA ke kAraNa kalA meM yAntrikatA kA bhAva prakaTa huaa| yaha bAta khajurAho kI mUrtiyoM meM bhI pUrI taraha spaSTa hai| khajurAho kI mUrtiyoM meM kriyAzIlatA, AnupAtika aMga yojanA tathA zarIra racanA meM kiMcit mAMsalatA aura aindrikatA kA bhAva spaSTa hai| vibhinna zArIrika ceSTAoM tathA tIkhe zArIrika locoM dvArA vibhinna bhAvoM ko abhivyakti kI gayI hai / AkRtiyoM ke mukha sAmAnyataH aNDAkAra aura ThuDI gola haiN| netra, bhauMha, nAsikA aura hoThoM ke nirmANa para vizeSa dhyAna dekara AkRtiyoM ko AkarSaka banAyA gayA hai / lambI A~khoM ke Upara bhohoM kI patalI evaM vakra rekhA pradarzita hai| khajurAho-mUrtiyoM meM kalAkAra kI AkarSaka mUrti racanA kI pratibhA apsarA mUrtiyoM meM pUrI taraha ujAgara huI hai| zarIra ke vibhinna avayava zAstrIya saundarya ke pratimAna pratIta hote haiN| pratimAlAkSaNika vivaraNoM se yukta hone ke bAda bhI ina mUrtiyoM meM jIvana kA spandana aura usakI gatizIlatA svAbhAvika rUpa meM abhivyakta hai| 10 vIM zatI I0 ke bAda kI khajurAho kI mUrtiyoM meM spaSTataH eka antara dikhAI detA hai / pArzvanAtha evaM lakSmaNa mandiroM kI tulanA meM kandariyA mahAdeva, AdinAtha, caturbhuja evaM dulAdeva mandiroM kI mUrtiyA~ zArIrika racanA kI dRSTi se apekSAkRta adhika patalI aura lambI dikhAI detI hai| inameM AbhUSaNoM evaM AkRtiyoM ke mukha tathA zArIrika mudrAoM kA bhI kicit asvAbhAvika rUpa meM aMkana huA hai / ye mUrtiyAM 10 vIM zatI I0 taka kI mUrtiyoM kI tulanA meM AkarSaka bhI nahIM haiM aura inakI mudrAoM meM zanaiH-zanaiH gatizIlatA ke sthAna para sthiratA kA bhAva prabala hotA dikhAI detA hai| __khajurAho kI mUrtiyA~ tIna samUhoM meM vibhAjya haiM : pahale varga meM cAroM ora se korakara banAyI gayI mUrtiyA~ AtI haiM, jo mukhyataH garbhagRha meM pratiSThita haiN| dUsare varga meM mandiroM kI bhittiyoM evaM stambhoM para paryApta ubhAra meM ukerI tIna AyAmoM vAlI mUrtiyA~ AtI haiM / inameM bhittiyoM kI vibhinna deva, apsarA evaM dikpAla AkRtiyA~ sammilita haiN| tIsare varga meM apekSAkRta kama ubharI aura vibhinna gaharAiyoM meM kATakara banAyI gayI mUrtiyA~ AtI haiN| inameM jagatI, adhiSThAna, uttaraMga evaM zikhara Adi kI deva, pazu, apsarA mUrtiyA~ tathA rAmAyaNa evaM mahAbhArata aura AkheTa, yuddha evaM sAmAnya jIvana ke dRzyAMkana haiN| khajurAho kA rUpavidhAna vAstava meM lalita kalAoM kA samagra rUpa meM Akalana hai| inameM eka ora cArutattva kA sUkSma aMkana milatA hai to dUsarI ora zRMgArikatA kA uddAma pakSa bhI rUpAyita huA hai| khajurAho kI mUrtiyoM ko viSaya vastu ke AdhAra para mukhyataH nimnalikhita vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai / pahale varga meM pUjA ke lie banI upAsyadevoM kI pratimAe~ AtI haiN| prAyaH cAroM ora se korakara banAyI gayI pAramparika lakSaNoM vAlI ye mUrtiyA~

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva mandiroM ke garbhagRha, jaMghA evaM kucha anya bhAgoM para banI haiN| dUsare varga meM parivAra yA pAvaM devatAoM kI mUrtiyA~ AtI haiM, jo mukhyataH mandiroM kI jaMghA, rathikAoM evaM praveza-dvAroM para banI haiM / inameM dikpAla, yakSa-yakSiyoM, gaMgA-yamunA, kAttikeya evaM gaNoM Adi kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / tIsare varga meM apsarA yA madanikA mUrtiyAM AtI haiM, jinakI saMkhyA bahuta adhika hai / manamohaka mudrAoM, sundara vastrAbhUSaNoM ke alaMkaraNa tathA AkarSaka zArIrika racanA ke kAraNa ye mUrtiyA~ khajurAho kalA kI sarvottama mUrtiyAM mAnI jAtI hai / ye apsarAe~ apane ko vivastra karatI (vivRtajadhanA), aMgar3AI letI, apane pRSThabhAga ko nakhoM se kharocatI, payodharoM kA sparza karatI, veNiyoM se jala nicor3atI, pairoM se kA~TA nikAlatI, zizu ko dulAratI ( putravallabhA ), pAlita pazu-pakSiyoM, jaise zuka aura vAnara ke sAtha krIr3A karatI, patra likhatI, vINA athavA vaMzI bajAtI, dIvAroM para citrAMkana karatI yA pairoM meM mahAvara racAtI, nUpura ba~dhavAtI, netroM meM suramA athavA kAjala lagAtI evaM darpaNa meM mukha dekhatI ( darpaNA ) huI pradarzita haiN| inameM bhAratIya sAhitya meM varNita vibhinna nAyikAoM ke mUrta rUpa dekhane ko milate haiN| ___ khajurAhoM meM vibhinna manamohaka mudrAoM vAlI apsarA mUrtiyoM ke sAtha hI sAmAnya AliMganabaddha strI-puruSa yugaloM ke cumbana aura AliMgana se sambandhita aneka mUrtiyAM bhI haiM / strIpuruSa yugaloM ko ratikriyA meM saMlagna mUrtiyoM ke aneka udAharaNa lakSmaNa, vizvanAtha, kandariyA mahAdeva tathA citragupta mandiroM evaM kucha udAharaNa pArzvanAtha mandira para hai / khajurAho ke brAhmaNa mandiroM meM kAmakriyA ke asAmAnya yA uddAma aMkana bhI haiM, jinameM yugaloM yA do se adhika logoM ke sAmUhika ratikriyA ko asAmAnya stara para darzAyA gayA hai / aisI mUrtiyA~ mukhya rUpa se kandariyA mahAdeva aura lakSmaNa mandiroM para haiN| agale varga meM atyadhika asvAbhAvika stara ke manuSya aura pazu ke kAma sambandhI aMkana Ate haiM, jinameM zvAn, mRga, gardabha, azva Adi ke sAtha manuSya ke samAgama dRzya haiM / aisI mUrtiyA~ mukhyataH vizvanAtha, lakSmaNa aura kandariyA mahAdeva mandiroM para hai| cauthe varga meM rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata evaM kRSNalIlA ke dRzyAMkana tathA sAmAnya janajIvana ke vividha pakSoM ke aMkana Ate haiM / rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata ke aMkana lakSmaNa, pArzvanAtha evaM kandariyA mahAdeva mandiroM para hai| yuddha, AkheTa, nRtya, saMgIta, guru-ziSya, kAryarata zramika tathA vibhinta pArivArika dRzyoM ke aMkana nyUnAdhika lagabhaga sabhI mandiroM para utkIrNa haiN| ye dRzya tatkAlona jIvana kI bahumukhI jhA~kI prastuta karate haiN| lakSmaNa mandira ke jIvanta yuddha dRzyoM meM yuddha kI sthitiyoM tathA usakI vibhISikA aura sAtha hI yuddha meM prayukta hone vAle vibhinna astra-zastroM kA aMkana huA hai / pAMcaveM varga meM pazu-pakSiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ AtI haiM, jinameM zArdUla ( yA vyAla yA varAla yA virAla ) sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa haiM / zArdUla kalA meM abhivyakta eka kalpita pazu hai, jise mukhyataH zRMgoM vAle siMha ke rUpa meM darzAyA gayA hai / khajurAho kI mUrtiyoM meM gaja, azva, matsya, zuka, varAha evaM nara-vyAloM ke rUpa meM inakA aMkana huA hai / antima varga meM vAnaspatika jagat tathA bhAratIya paramparA meM pracalita svastika, padma, nandyAvarta jaise pratIka Ate haiN|

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prastAvanA isa prakAra khajurAho kI mUrtikalA meM pUrva madhyakAlIna madhya bhArata kA sampUrNa jIvana mUrtimAna dikhAI detA hai / inameM yuddha, AkheTa, saMgIta, nRtya, zikSA, prasAdhana Adi se sambandhita aneka dRzya dekhane ko milate haiN| khajurAho kI bahusaMkhyaka mUrtiyoM meM ihaloka tathA paraloka kI aneka manorama bhAvanAyeM sAkAra rUpa meM prakaTa huI haiN| yahA~ ke kalAkAroM ne prakRti aura mAnava jIvana ke zRMgArika tathA Anandamaya pakSa ko zAzvat rUpa dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai| zilpa zRMgAra kA itanA samRddha aura vyApaka rUpa sambhavataH bhArata ke anya kisI kalAkendra para dekhane ko nahIM miltaa| pratimA-vijJAna khajurAho mandiroM kI mUrtiyA~ pratimAvijJAna kI dRSTi se bhI atyanta mahatvapUrNa haiM / yahA~ brAhmaNa aura jaina dharmoM se sambandhita deva-mUrtiyoM ke vividha rUpoM ke darzana hote haiN| ziva kI vibhinna saumya, aura saMhAraka mUrtiyoM ke atirikta unakI naTarAja tathA saMyukta mUrtiyAM bhI haiN| isI prakAra zaiva parivAra ke gaNeza aura kAttikeya kI bhI paryApta mUrtiyA~ haiM / zakti ke vividha rUpoM meM mahiSamardinI, kAlI, cAmuNDA, pArvatI aura sapta-mAtRkAoM kI mUrtiyA~ mukhya haiN| vaiSNava mUrtiyoM meM viSNu kI svatantra sthAnaka, Asana tathA zeSazAyI rUpoM kI pracura mUrtiyA~ haiM / sAtha hI viSNu ke matsya, kUrma, varAha, nRsiMha, vAmana (trivikrama), rAma, parazurAma, balarAma aura kRSNa (yA buddha) Adi avatAra-svarUpoM tathA lakSmI nArAyaNa svarUpa kI bhI aneka mUrtiyA~ bniiN| inake atirikta sUrya, brahmA, sarasvatI aura gaja-lakSmI ko bhI paryApta mUrtiyA~ hai / ye mUrtiyA~ lagabhaga sabhI mandiroM para nyUnAdhika saMkhyA meM AkArita haiN| pArzvanAtha jaina mandira para rAma, ziva, viSNu, brahmA, balarAma evaM kAma Adi brAhmaNa devoM kI svatantra evaM zakti-sahita AliMgana mUrtiyA~ vizeSa mahatva kI hai| inase khajurAho meM brAhmaNa aura jaina sampradAyoM ke bIca ke sauhArdapUrNa sambandha prakaTa hote haiM / lakSmaNa, kandariyA mahAdeva, pArzvanAtha evaM anya mandiroM para vibhinna deva yugaloM kI AliMgana mUrtiyoM meM devatAoM kI zaktiyoM ko sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlA, viziSTatArahita tathA dvibhuja darzAyA gayA hai| unake sAtha pAramparika vAhanoM evaM AyudhoM kA pradarzana nahIM huA hai| jaMghA kI svatantra tathA zakti sahita AliMgana deva-mUrtiyA~ sAmAnyataH tribhaMga meM nirUpita haiM / pratimAvijJAna kI dRSTi se khajurAho meM kucha durlabha mUrtiyA~ bhI banoM, jinameM zaMkha, cakra aura padma puruSa; viSNu ke hayagrIva, vaikuNTha, ananta tathA vizvarUpa; nArasiMhI, godhAsanA pArvatI evaM siMhavAhanA gajalakSmI kI mUrtiyA~ mahatva kI haiM / saMghATa yA samanvita mUrti nirmANa kI paramparA bhI khajurAho meM lokapriya thI jisake phalasvarUpa harihara, arddhanArIzvara, hariharapitAmaha (dattAtreya), sUryanArAyaNa, hariharahiraNyagarbha kI aneka mUrtiyA~ bniiN| inake atirikta gauNa devatAoM kA bhI anekazaH nirUpaNa huaa| inameM aSTadikpAla, navagraha, aSTavasu, gandharva, nAga evaM vidyAdhara mUrtiyA~ mukhya haiN| inakA aMkana sabhI mandiroM para huA hai / mandiroM ke arddhamaNDapa aura garbhagRha ke lalATabimba meM garbhagRhoM meM pratiSThita mukhya devatA yA usake kisI pramukha svarUpa kI choTI mUrti AkArita haiN| dvAra-zAkhAoM para gaMgA-yamunA aura mandiroM kI jaMghA

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtattvaM tathA garbhagRha kI bhitti ke nirdhArita koNoM para aSTadikpAloM kA nirUpaNa huA hai| saptamAtRkAoM kI mUrtiryoM meM eka ora gaNeza aura dUsarI ora vIrabhadra kI mUrtiyA~ banI haiM / pratimAlakSaNa kI dRSTi se dUlAdeva mandira ke garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra kI nRtyarata saptamAtRkA mUrtiyA~ mahatvapUrNa haiM / lakSmaNa mandira ke garbhagRha kI bhitti para kRSNalIlA se sambandhita tathA pArzvanAtha, lakSmaNa aura kandariyA mahAdeva mandiroM ke adhiSThAna aura zikhara para rAmAyaNa ke dRzyAMkana haiM / kRSNalIlA ke dRzyoM meM kuvalayApIDa-uddhAra, zakaTa-bhaMga, ariSTAsura-vadha, yamalArjuna-uddhAra, vatsAsura-vadha, tRNAvarta-vadha, kAliya-mardana, pUtanA-vadha, kubjAnugraha, cANUra-yuddha, zalayuddha evaM balarAma dvArA sUtalomaharSaNa kA vadha mukhya haiN| rAmAyaNa ke dRzyoM meM mArIca-vadha, sItAharaNa, azokavATikA meM sItA aura vAli-sugrIva yuddha mukhya haiN| pratimAlakSaNa kI dRSTi se khajurAho kI mUrtiyA~ pAramparika aura vikasita koTi kI haiM / devamUrtiyoM ke nirUpaNa meM sAmAnyataH mukhya AyudhoM, vAhanoM evaM anya lakSaNoM kI dRSTi se zAstrIya granthoM kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai khajurAho ke mUrti nirmANa kI paramparA adhikAMzataH purANoM evaM aparAjitapRcchA (bhuvanadevakRta, 13 vIM zatI I0 kA uttarArddha) se prabhAvita rahI hai / khajurAho kI mUrtiyoM meM zAstrIya vivaraNoM ke prati pratibaddhatA ke bAda bhI kalAkAra ne ekarasatA ke parihAra ke lie devamUrtiyoM meM AyudhoM ke krama tathA sahAyaka AkRtiyoM ke nirUpaNa meM kiMcit parivartanoM dvArA apanI sUjha-bUjha ko bhI pradarzita kiyA hai| vibhinna devAkRtiyoM ke hAthoM meM padma kA pradarzana khajurAho meM vizeSa lokapriya thaa| padma ke jitane vividha rUpa khajurAho kI devamUrtiyoM meM milate hai utane anyatra kahIM nahIM milate /

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adhyAya 2 khajurAho kI jaina kalA khajurAho ke jaina maMdira pUrvI samUha ke maMdiroM ke antargata Ate haiM / eka vizAla kintu Adhunika cahAradIvArI ke andara yahA~ kaI prAcIna aura navIna jaina maMdira surakSita hai / navIna jaina maMdira prAcIna maMdiroM ke dhvaMsAvazeSoM para hI nirmita hai jinameM prAcIna jaina maMdiroM ke pravezadvAroM tathA mUrtiyoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| vartamAna meM isa cahAradIvArI meM kula 15 jaina maMdira hai, jinameM kevala pArzvanAtha aura AdinAtha maMdira hI apane mUlarUpa meM hai| zAMtinAtha maMdira ( kramAMka 1 ) kI mUlanAyaka kI pratimA evaM kucha aMzoM meM maMdira bhI apane mUlarUpa meM vidyamAna hai / cahAradIvArI ke bAhara eka anya prAcIna jaina maMdira ke kucha bhAga surakSita haiM / yaha maMdira apane viziSTa alaMkaraNoM ke kAraNa ghaNTaI maMdira ke nAma se jJAta hai / khajurAho ke jaina maMdira aura unakI prabhUta jaina mUrtiyAM 10vIM se 12vIM zatI I0 ke madhya khajurAho meM jaina dharma aura kalA ke tIvra vikAsa kI spaSTa sAkSI hai / pArzvanAtha maMdira khajurAho kA eka vizAla aura sundara maMdira hai / pArzvanAtha, ghaNTaI tathA AdinAtha maMdiroM ke nirmANa meM sthAnIya jaina samAja ke sAtha hI kiMcit zAsakIya samarthana bhI thaa| rAjanItika evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi ____ maMdiroM evaM mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa meM zAsakIya saMrakSaNa evaM samarthana ke sAtha hI vyApArI tathA vyavasAyI varga ke Arthika sahayoga aura dhArmika saMgaThana tathA dharmAcAryoM kI ina gatividhiyoM meM ruci kI bhI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI hai| jaina maMdiroM aura mUrtiyoM kI saMkhyA tathA una para utkIrNa lekha unake nirmANa meM spaSTataH candela zAsakoM, vyApArI evaM vyavasAyo vargoM tathA sthAnIya jaina saMgaThana ke sakriya sahayoga ko prakaTa karatA hai| candela zAsakoM ne apanA rAjanItika jIvana gurjara-pratihAra zAsakoM ke sAmaMta ke rUpa meM prArambha kiyA thaa| pratihAroM ke samaya meM rAjasthAna meM osiyAM (jodhapura-mahAvIra maMdira, lagabhaga 8vIM zatI I0), madhya pradeza meM gyArasapura (vidizA-mAlAdevI maMdira) evaM uttara pradeza meM devagar3ha (lalitapura-zAMtinAtha maMdira, 862 I0) jaise sthaloM para jaina maMdiroM evaM mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa huA / yadyapi koI bhI candela zAsaka vyaktigata rUpa se jaina dharmAvalambI nahIM thA kintu dhArmika sahiSNutA kI nIti ke kAraNa ina zAsakoM ne brAhmaNa maMdiroM evaM mUrtiyoM ke sAtha hI jaina maMdiroM evaM mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa ko bhI protsAhita kiyaa| candela zAsakoM ke kAla meM uttara pradeza meM cAMdapura, bUr3hI cAMderI, dudhai, mahobA evaM devagar3ha tathA madhya pradeza meM khajurAho, ajayagar3ha (gunA), ahAra, madanasAgarapura evaM kaI anya sthaloM para jaina maMdiroM evaM mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa huaa| kIrtivarman ke zAsanakAla ( 1063 I0) meM bAnapura meM sahasrakUTa jinAlaya tathA

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12 khajurAho kA jaina purAtattve 1066 I0 meM ahAra meM eka jaina maMdira kA nirmANa huaa| kIrtivarman ke uttarAdhikArI jayavarman ke samaya meM mahobA meM 1112 I0 meM kaI jina pratimAyeM pratiSThita huI / madanavarman ne mahobA meM 1154 I0 meM neminAtha evaM 1156 I0 meM sumatinAtha kI mUrtiyoM kI sthApanA kii| mahobA se 1145 I0 aura 1158 I0 kI kucha anya jaina pratimAyeM bhI milI hai / madanavarman ke uttarAdhikArI paramardideva (1165-1203 I0) ke zAsanakAla meM mahobA meM eka jaina maMdira kA nirmANa huaa|' isI ke zAsanakAla meM 1180 I0 meM ahAra kSetra meM zAMtinAtha kI vizAla khaDgAsana mUrti bhI bnii| __ jaina kalA kI dRSTi se khajurAho nizcita hI candela zAsakoM ke kAla kA sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa kendra thaa| isakI pRSThabhUmi meM khajurAho kA candela zAsakoM kI rAjadhAnI honA thaa| khajurAho ke vibhinna jinAlayoM evaM mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa harSadeva, yazovarman, dhaMga, gaNDa, vidyAdhara, kIrtivarman aura madanavarman ke zAsana meM huaa| pAzvanAtha maMdira kI brAhmaNa deva mUrtiyA~ brAhmaNa dharmAvalambI candela zAsakoM ke samarthana tathA jaina samudAya ke udAra dhArmika dRSTi kA saMketa hai / pArzvanAtha jaina maMdira ke vikrama saMvat 1011 (954 I0) ke lekha meM dhaMga ke zAsanakAla meM hI zreSThi pAhila dvArA jinanAtha kA bhavya maMdira banavAkara usake lie prabhUta dAna dene kA ullekha hai| dhaMga ke mahArAja guru vAsavacandra bhI jaina the| yadyapi vAsavacandra kabhI maMtrI nahIM rahe kintu unhoMne apane mahArAjaguru pada ke prabhAva kA nizcaya hI upayoga kiyA hogA / dhaMga ke zAsanakAla meM nirmita pArzvanAtha maMdira isakA pramANa hai| pAhila dvArA pArzvanAtha maMdira ko sAta vATikA kA dAna die jAne para dhaMga ne usakA sammAna bhI kiyA thA / yaha bAta jaina dharma ke prati dhaMga ke udAra dRSTikoNa ko vyakta karatI hai| pArzvanAtha maMdira kA nirmANa bhI pAhila dvArA kiyA thaa| vidyAdhara ke samaya khajurAho ke zAMtinAtha maMdira meM zAMtinAtha kI 16 phITa U~cI vizAla pratimA (1028 I0) sthApita kI gii| 1177 I0 meM paramardideva ke zAsanakAla meM bhI khajurAho meM eka jina pratimA kI pratiSThA huii| uparyukta lekhoM tathA candela zAsana ke vibhinna kSetroM se jaina maMdira evaM mUrti avazeSoM ke sAkSyoM se spaSTa hai ki candela rAjya ke prAyaH sabhI pramukha nagaroM meM samRddha jainoM kI bar3I-bar3I bastiyA~ thIM jinakA maMdiroM evaM mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa meM pUrA Arthika sahayoga mila rahA thA / zreSThi pAhila, sAlhe, jAhada, malhaNa, pANidhara tathA unake putroM (trivikrama, AlhaNa tathA lakSmIdhara), zreSThi bIvanazAha evaM unakI bhAryA padmAvatI tathA zreSThi dedU evaM mAhula Adi ke nAmollekha 1. jaina, jyotiprasAda, pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAyeM, dillI, 1975, pR0 224-25 / 2. vahI, pR0 224 / 3. jannAsa, I0 tathA abuyya, je0, khajurAho, hega, 1960, pR0 6 / 4. epinAphiyA iMDikA, khaMDa-1, pR0 135-36 / 5. kRSNadeva, "di Tempulsa oNva khajurAho ina senTrala iMDiyA" pR0 45 /

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khajurAho kI jaina kalA khajurAho, dubakuNDa, ahAra, madanezasAgarapura Adi sthaloM ke jaina mUrti lekhoM meM milate haiN|' ina lekhoM meM Aye vibhinna rUpakAroM yA zilpiyoM ke nAmollekha bhI mahatva ke hai / inameM lAkhana, kumAra siMha, pApaTa evaM rAmadeva Adi rUpakAroM ke nAma ullekhya hai / khajurAho evaM anya sthaloM ke lekhoM meM vibhinna digambara jainAcAryoM ke bhI ullekha milate haiM, jinase sampUrNa kSetra meM jaina maMdiroM evaM mUrtiyoM ke hone tathA unake svataMtra vicaraNa kA saMketa milatA hai / vAsavacandra ke atirikta hameM zrIdeva, kumudacandra, devacandra Adi jainAcAryoM ke ullekha milate haiN| __khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha maMdira ko sAta vATikAoM kA dAna karane vAlA pAhila zreSThi dedU kA putra thA / ye vATikAyeM pAhila, candra, laghucandra, zaMkara, paMcAyatana, Amra aura dhaMga nAma vAlI thIM / vATikAoM ke nAma spaSTataH brAhmaNa evaM jaina paramparA ke sAmaMjasya ko prakaTa karate hai| khajurAho ke 1075 I0 ke eka mUrti lekha meM zreSTi bIvanazAha kI bhAryA padmAvatI dvArA AdinAtha kI mUrti sthApita kiye jAne kA ullekha hai / khajurAho ke 1148 I0 ke eka anya mUrti lekha meM zreSThi pANidhara ke tIna putroM kA tathA pANivara dvArA vahA~ jaina maMdiroM evaM mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa kA ullekha milatA hai| khajurAho ke 1158 I0 ke eka anya lekha meM pAhila ke vaMzaja evaM gRhapati kula ke sAdhu sAlhe dvArA saMbhavanAtha kI mUrti kI sthApanA kA ullekha hai / lekha meM sAlhe ke putroM, mahAgaNa, mahAcandra, zanicandra, jinacandra, udayacandra Adi ke bhI nAma diye haiN|" isa prakAra khajurAhoM ke vibhinna mUrti lekhoM se spaSTa hai ki vyApArI parivAra ke pAhila evaM usake pitA aura anya pUrvajoM tathA uttarAdhikAriyoM ne lagabhaga 200 varSoM (954-1158 I0) taka jaina mUrti nirmANa meM pUrA Arthika sahayoga diyaa| ina lekhoM se gRhapati vaMza ke jaina dharmAvalambI hone kI bhI spaSTataH sUcanA milatI hai| isa kula ke vibhinna sadasyoM ne AdinAtha, saMbhavanAtha evaM neminAtha tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyAM banavAyI thiiN| khajurAho ke jaina maMdira khajurAho ke pUrvI mandira samUha meM brAhmaNa aura jaina donoM hI dharmoM ke mandira Ate haiN| ghaNTaI mandira ke atirikta anya sabhI jaina mandira eka Adhunika cahAradIvArI meM sthita haiN| 1. draSTavya, tivArI, mAruti nandana prasAda, jaina pratimAdhijJAna, vArANasI, 1981, pR0 27 / 2. pArzvanAtha maMdira ke ardhamaMDapa ke pravezadvAra ke samIpa hI gohala, mAhula, devazarmA, jayasiMha aura pISana ke nAma pharza aura dIvAroM para abhilikhita hai| jyoti prasAda jaina ne ina nAmoM ko pArzvanAtha mandira ke nirmANa se sambaddha zilpiyoM kA nAma mAnA hai| jaina, jyoti prasAda, pUrva niviSTa, pR0 226 / / 3. jaina, jyoti prasAda, pUrva niviSTa, pR0 225; 'jaina, balabhadra, bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha (tRtIya bhAga)-madhya pradeza, bambaI, 1976, pR0 140-42 / 4. epiprAphiyA iMDikA, khaNDa 1, pR0 135-36 / 5. vahI, pR0 136; vijayamUrti (saM0), jana zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga-3, bambaI, 1957, pu0 79, 108 /

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14 khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva digambara sampradAya se sambaddha khajurAho ke jaina mandira evaM mUrtiyA~ lagabhaga 950 se 1150 I0 ke madhya banIM / tIrthaMkaroM kI nirvastra mUrtiyoM tathA jaina mandiroM ke praveza dvAroM para 16 mAMgalika svapnoM ke ukerana se mandiroM kA pUrI taraha digambara sampradAya se saMbaddha honA spaSTa hai / jaina mandiroM meM pArzvanAtha mandira prAcInatama aura sthApatyagata yojanA kI dRSTi se vizAlatama hai / pratimAvijJAna kI dRSTi se AdinAtha mandira kI mUrtiyA~ vizeSa mahatvapUrNa haiM / ghaNTaI mandira yadyapi vartamAna meM khaNDita rUpa meM hai kintu apane mUlarUpa meM yaha mandira pArzvanAtha mandira ke samAna vizAla aura utanA hI sundara bhI rahA hai| khajurAho kI jaina mUrtiyAM prAcIna tathA navIna jaina mandiroM para haiN| sAtha hI aneka mUrtiyA~ sthAnIya sAhU zAMti prasAda jaina, jArDina evaM purAtAtvika saMgrahAlayoM meM bhI surakSita haiM / khajurAho ko jaina mUrtikalA meM tIrthaMkaroM kI svatantra mUrtiyoM ke sAtha hI unakI dvitIrthI aura caumukhI mUrtiyA~ bhI banIM / tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana-dRzyoM ke aMkana kA yahAM abhAva dRSTigata hotA hai / kevala kucha tIrthaMkaroM ke abhiSeka se sambandhita dRzya hI milate haiM / jJAtavya hai digambara sthaloM para tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana dRzyoM kA aMkana sAmAnyataH nahIM huA hai / aise aMkana zvetAmbara sthaloM para hI milate haiM, jinake mukhya udAharaNa osiyA~, kuMbhAriyA evaM dilavAr3A ke jaina mandiroM meM haiM / tIrthaMkarI ke pazcAt unake zAsanadevatAoM (yA yakSa-yakSI) kA nirUpaNa hI sarvAdhika lokapriya thA / yakSa aura yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM ke sAtha hI svataMtra rUpa meM bhI banIM / khajurAhoM meM kevala gomukha - cakrezvarI, sarvA yA sarvAnubhUti (yA kubera ) -ambikA, dharaNendra-padmAvatI evaM mAtaMga- siddhAyikA kI hI svatantra mUrtiyA~ banIM / ye yakSa-yakSI yugala kramazaH RSabhanAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke zAsanadevatA haiM / tIrthaMkaroM aura zAsanadevatAoM ke pazcAt jaina devakula meM mahAvidyAoM kA hI mahatva thA / yadyapi mahAvidyAoM ke mUrta aMkana ke udAharaNa digambara sthaloM para nahIM milate, kintu khajurAho ke AdinAtha mandira kI 16 rathikAoM meM pratiSThita svatantra lakSaNoM vAlI deviyoM kI pahacAna jaina paramparA ke 16 mahAvidyAoM se sambhava hai / khajurAho ke mandiroM meM sarasvatI, lakSmI, kSetrapAla, bAhubalI evaM jaina AcAryoM Adi kA bhI nirUpaNa huA hai / mandiroM ke nirdhArita koNoM para aSTadikpAloM kI sthAnaka mUrtiyA~ aura pravezadvAroM ke uttaraMgoM para navagrahoM aura bar3eriyoM para 16 mAMgalika svapnoM kA aMkana hai / AdinAtha mandira para gomukha yakSa yA (aSTavasuoM) kI mUrtiyA~ bhI AkArita haiM / jaina mandiroM para aSTadikpAloM evaM navagrahoM kA nirUpaNa jaina dharma meM inake pUjana kA pramANa hai| khajurAho ke brAhmaNa mandiroM kI mUrtiyoM kA kicit prabhAva apsarAoM evaM kAmakriyA se sambandhita zilpAMkanoM ke sAtha hI pArzvanAtha mandira ke maNDapa aura garbhagRha kI jaMghA aura zikharoM kI vibhinna brAhmaNa devayugala AkRtiyoM ke aMkana meM bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai / jJAtavya hai ki anya kisI bhI sthala para jaina mandira para brAhmaNa deva yugaloM kA aura vaha bhI AliMgana mudrA meM nirUpaNa nahIM huA hai / inameM viSNu, ziva, brahmA, kAma, balarAma, rAma Adi kI zakti sahita AliMgana mUrtiyA~ haiM / aisI mUrtiyA~ kevala pArzvanAtha mandira para hI haiM / jaina mandiroM ke praveza

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khajurAho kI jaina kalA 15 dvAroM para makaravAhinI gaMgA aura kumavAhinI yamunA kI sthAnaka mUrtiyA~ bhI mandira nirmANa kI sAmAnya vizeSatA ke anurUpa haiM / yahA~ khajurAho ke jaina mandiroM tathA mUrtiyoM kA saMkSepa meM alaga-alaga ullekha Avazyaka hai / mandira kramAMka 1/1 (zAMtinAtha mandira ) pArzvanAtha mandira ke samIpa hI dakSiNa kI ora eka alaga choTI cahAradIvArI meM zAMtinAtha mandira sahita kula 16 mandira haiM jinakA nirmANa adhikAMzataH prAcIna jaina mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM ke avazeSoM se kiyA gayA hai| ina mandiroM kA kramAMka (Age se kra0) 1 (zAMtinAtha ) se 16 ( AdinAtha ) hai / zAMtinAtha mandira meM zAMtinAtha kI 12 phITa U~cI khaDgAsana mUrti hai / yaha tIrthaMkara pratimA khajurAho kI samasta deva pratimAoM meM vizAlatama aura sAMgopAMga pratimA hai / mUlanAyaka ke donoM hAthoM meM pUrNa vikasita padma haiM aura saumyamukha para gahana cintana kA bhAva vyakta hai / zAMtinAtha ke donoM ora pArzvanAtha ( 3' 5' x 1' 11 ) kI tathA parikara meM anya jinoM kI AkRtiyA~ banIM haiM / camakadAra Alepa se yukta zAMtinAtha kI vizAla pratimA manojJa aura anupAtika aMga yojanA vAlI hai / alaMkRta prabhAmaNDala se yukta mUrti meM eka yogI kI tapazcaryA aura cintana ke bhAva ko sundara DhaMga se pradarzita kiyA gayA hai / saMvat 1085 ( = 1028 I0) ke lekha se yukta isa mUrti ke samIpa hI dIvAroM meM pArzvanAtha, RSabhanAtha ( 2' 10 " x 1' 8' ) aura mahAvIra tathA kucha anya tIrthaMkaroM kI 11vIM zatI I0 kI mUrtiyA~ bhI surakSita haiM / pArzvanAtha ke sira para sarpa phaNoM kA phailAva aura unake baiThane kA zAMta bhAva sundara hai / isa mUrti ke parikara meM bAhubalI kI bhI mUrti banI hai / mandira ke pravezadvAra para gaMgA-yamunA aura samIpa hI kSetrapAla ( 2' x 1' 3 ' ) kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / kSetrapAla kI mUrti meM raudra bhAva ke sthAna para mukha para saumya bhAva hai aura zArIrika ceSTAoM se nRtya kI layAtmakatA pUrI taraha abhivyakta hai / mandira kramAMka 1/2 isa mandira ke pravezadvAra para gaMgA aura yamunA kI binA vAhana vAlI evaM nRtyarata puruSoM kI 6 AkRtiyA~ aura garbhagRha meM dvitIrtho jinoM kI kAyotsarga mUrti (4' x 2 ) hai / mandira kramAMka 1 / 3 isa mandira meM mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM pArzvanAtha kI sAta sapaphaNoM ke chatra vAlI kAyotsagaM ( 4' 4 " x 1' 11" ) mUrti hai / isa manojJa mUrti meM zarIra racanA ikaharI aura sundara hai / pArzvanAtha ke dakSiNa pArzva meM bilhArI se prApta eka dvitIrthI jina mUrti pratiSThita hai / isa mUrti meM RSabhanAtha aura candraprabha kI kramazaH vRSabha aura candra lAMchanoM vAlI kAyotsarga AkRtiyA~ banI haiM / donoM hI tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha caturbhuja yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiM, jinake karoM meM abhayamudrA, padma, pustaka aura jalapAtra haiM / mUlanAyaka ke bAyIM ora bhI eka dvitIrthI jina mUrti avasthita hai /

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva kAyotsarga meM avasthita jinoM ke sAtha yahA~ lAMchana nahIM dikhAye gaye haiN| isa mUrti ke parikara meM pArzvanAtha kI dhyAnastha mUrti bhI banI hai| mandira kramAMka 1/4 isa mandira ke uttaraMga para 16 mAMgalika svapna aura dvArazAkhAoM para gaMgA-yamunA kI AkRtiyA~ haiN| mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM nau sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAlI pArzvanAtha kI dhyAnastha mUrti sthita hai| saMgamaramara meM ukerI yaha mUrti vikrama saMvat 1927 ( I0 1870 ) kI hai / isa mUrti ke samIpa hI pArzvanAtha aura zAntinAtha kI 20 vIM zatI I0 kI kAle saMgamaramara kI dhyAnastha mUrtiyA~ haiN| ina mUrtiyoM ke atirikta mandira meM patthara meM banI pArzvanAtha ( cAra udAharaNa), candraprabha, AdinAtha aura ajitanAtha evaM dhAtu meM banIM AdinAtha, zAntinAtha (do udAharaNa) evaM pAzvanAtha kI choTI-bar3I mUrtiyA~ surakSita haiN| chatarapura se prApta mallinAtha kI kalaza lAMchana vAlI eka khaDgAsana mUrti ke parikara meM 23 anya jinoM kI AkRtiyA~ bhI dikhAyI gayI haiN| mandira kramAMka 1/5 isa mandira meM bAhubalI kI 20 vIM zatI I0 kI vizAla kAyotsarga pratimA (8' x 27" ) draSTavya hai| mandira kramAMka 1/6 mandira meM RSabhanAtha kI 11 vIM zatI I0 kI eka manojJa dhyAnastha mUrti ( 4'7'x 2'6" ) surakSita hai| kandhoM ko chUtI huI laToM, vRSabha lAMchana evaM yakSa-yakSI yukta isa mUrti meM navagraha bhI bane haiM / yakSa-yakSI ke rUpa meM sarvAla aura cakrezvarI nirUpita haiM / RSabhanAtha ke jaTAmukuTa kI banAvaTa bahuta sundara aura kaI gucchakoM ke rUpa meM banI hai| siMhAsana ke Upara alaMkRta Asana aura ulaTA padma tathA prabhAmaNDala bhI manohArI hai| mukha para cintana kA bhAva aura kandhoM para laTakatI jaTAe~ devatva kA pUrA AbhAsa karAtI haiN| vedi ke Upara kisI prAcIna jana mandira ke dvAra kA UparI bhAga surakSita hai jisameM supAzvanAtha sahita 15 jina AkRtiyA~ banI haiN| mandira kramAMka 1/7 isa mandira ke pravezadvAra ke siradala para tIthaMkaroM kI dhyAnastha aura nIce gaMgA aura yamunA kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM kapilAMchana se yukta abhinandana kI mUrti virAjamAna hai jisake dAhine pAvaM meM azvalAMchana vAle sambhavanAtha tathA cakavAlAMchana vAle sumatinAtha kI svatantra mUrtiyA~ haiM / saMgamaramara meM ukerI ye sabhI dhyAnastha mUrtiyA~ 1981 I0 meM sthApita huI haiN| mandira kramAMka 1/8 isa mandira meM neminAtha kI kAle patthara kI samvat 1943 (I0 1886) kI dhyAnastha mUrti hai / yaha mUrti cAra aSTakoNIya prAcIroM vAle meru mandira meM sthita hai jisakI jAlInumA dIvAreM atyanta alaMkRta haiN| i

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khajurAho ko jaina kalA 17 mandira kramAMka 1/9 ___isa mandira meM mUlanAyaka mahAvIra (siMha lAMchana) sahita anantanAtha (zyena pakSI) tathA vimalanAtha (zUkara) kI lAMchanayukta tIna dhyAnastha mUrtiyA~ hai| saMgamaramara meM banI parikaravihIna ye mUrtiyA~ varSa 1981 meM sthApita huI haiN| mandira kramAMka 1/10 isa mandira meM jaina yugala (tIrthaMkara ke mAtA-pitA) mUrti (3' 4' x 2' 6") kA eka atyanta sundara udAharaNa surakSita hai| vedi ke Upara kisI tIrthaMkara ke abhiSeka kA vistRta aMkana dikhAyA gayA hai| isa dRzyAMkana meM gandharvo, vidyAdharoM tathA kalazadhArI devoM kI AkRtiyoM ke sAtha hI bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya ke 24-24 jinoM ko milAkara kula 72 jinoM kI AkRtiyAM banIM haiN| mandira kramAMka 1/11 isa mandira meM varSa 1981 sthApita zveta saMgamaramara kI zAntinAtha, kuMthunAtha evaM aranAtha kI pAramparika lAMchanoM vAlI tIna khaDgAsana mUrtiyA~ haiN| tInoM hI tIrthaMkaroM kA cakravartI honA inake eka sAtha nirUpita hone kI dRSTi se ullekhya hai / mandira kramAMka 1/12 mandira kA pravezadvAra aura arddhamaNDapa prAcIna jaina mandira kA bhAga hai| isa mandira kA pravezadvAra atyanta kalApUrNa hai / isake siradala para 16 mAMgalika svapna, tIrthaMkaroM, navagrahoM tathA nIce ke bhAga meM gaMgA aura yamunA kI manohArI mUrtiyA~ banI haiM / garbhagRha meM mUlanAyaka AdinAtha kI vRSabha lAMchana vAlI mUrti hai, jisake dAhine pArzva meM aranAtha ( matsya lAMchana ) evaM bAyeM pArzva meM punaH AdinAtha kI dhyAnastha mUrtiyA~ haiN| zveta saMgamaramara meM banI ye sabhI tIrthakara mUrtiyA~ 1981 I0 meM sthApita huI haiN| lalATabimba kI dhyAnastha tIrthaMkara mUrti anUThI hai / donoM paira mor3akara dhyAnamudrA meM baiThI tIrthaMkara AkRti kA bAyA~ hAtha goda meM hai, jabaki dAhinA hAtha pAramparika mudrA meM na hokara jAnu para rakhA hai jisameM pUrNa vikasita padma dikhAyA gayA haiN| isa vicitra tIrthakara mUrti meM trichatra, gandharva evaM azoka vRkSa kA aMkana huA hai / mandira kramAMka 1/13 mandira meM candraprabha kI dhyAnastha mUrti ( 3' 4' x 2' 3" ) hai| tIrthaMkara ke sAtha candra lAMchana tathA yakSa-yakSI kI AkRtiyA~ nirUpita haiN| isa vedi ke donoM ora kI dIvAreM prAcIna jaina mandiroM kI bAhya bhitti kA avaziSTa bhAga haiM, jo mandira saMkhyA 1/12 evaM 1/14 kI bAhya bhittiyA~ haiM / inapara kaI devI-devatAoM kI AkRtiyA~ draSTavya haiN| inameM brahmANI, yama, niRti (nirvastra), ambikA, IzAn, indra, gomukha tathA apsarAoM kI svatantra mUrtiyA~ mahatva kI haiN| isa mandira kI pUrvI dIvAra para vivastrajaghanA apsarA, dikpAla tathA padmAvato yakSI kI mUrtiyA~ ukerI hai|

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18 mandira kramAMka 1 / 14 mandira ke uttaraMga para lalATa bimba meM SaDbhujA cakrezvarI tathA usake choroM para gajalakSmI evaM sarasvatI kI AkRtiyA~ ukerI haiM / arddhamaNDapa ke chata para cAroM ora 16 mAMgalika svapna tathA dvArazAkhAoM para gaMgA aura yamunA kA aMkana huA hai| garbhagRha meM pArzvanAtha kI bilharI se prApta sundara dhyAnastha mUrti ( 3' 7" x 2 1" ) avasthita hai / isake toraNa bhAga meM 13 choTI jina AkRtiyA~ bhI banI haiN| pUrA mandira prAcIna hai / arddhamaNDapa ke vitAna para cAroM ora cAra tIrthaMkaroM ke abhiSeka tathA nIce cAroM ora jaina AcAryoM ke upadeza evaM 27 cAmaradhAriNI AkRtiyA~ tathA kucha anya prasaMga bane haiM / arddhamaNDapa ke stambhoM para dvArapAla kI mUrtiyA~ banI haiM | khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva mandira kramAMka 1 / 15 eka choTe garbhagRha meM candra lAMchana vAlI candraprabha kI dhyAnastha mUrti ( 2'7' x 1'6' ) pratiSThita hai / mandira meM dAhine ora kA kucha bhAga bAda meM banAyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara ke sAtha dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI bhI AkArita haiM / mandira kramAMka 1/14 evaM 1 / 15 ke bIca ke barAmade meM bhAratIya jJAnapITha dvArA pradatta jaina sthApatya evaM mUrtikalA se sambandhita kaI bhAcitra ( phoTo ) kAlakramAnusAra darzAye gaye haiM / mandira kramAMka 1/16-18 mandira kramAMka 1 / 16, 17, 18 paraspara mile hue haiM, jinameM eka mandira se hokara dUsare mandira meM jAne ke lie daravAje haiM / mandira kramAMka 1 / 16 isa mandira meM mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM vajra - lAMchana yukta dharmanAtha kI dhyAnastha mUrti sthApita hai / dharmanAtha ke dAhine evaM bAyeM kramazaH candraprabha evaM zAntinAtha kI lAMchanayukta mUrtiyA~ haiM / zveta saMgamaramara kI ye mUrtiyA~ 1981 I0 (dharmanAtha), 1865 I0 (candraprabha) aura 1902 I0 (zAntinAtha ) meM tithyaMkita haiM / mandira kramAMka 1 / 17 isa mandira meM 11 vI 12 vIM zatI I0 kI tIrthaMkaroM kI tIna vizAla khaDgAsana mUrtiyA~ haiM / eka udAharaNa (5' x 1' 2 ) meM zUkara- lAMchana ke AdhAra para mUrti ko pahacAna vimalanAtha se kI gayI hai / ye mUrtiyA~ madhyapradeza ke damoha jilA sthita haTA tahasIla ke phatehapura grAma se prApta huI haiM / mandira kramAMka 1 / 18 isa mandira meM vikrama samvat 1927 (1870 I0) kI nau sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAlI kAle patthara kI pArzvanAtha kI dhyAnastha mUrti hai / sarpaphaNoM kI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para tIrthaMkara kI pahacAna supArzvanAtha se bhI kI jA sakatI haiM / mUlanAyaka ke eka ora candraprabha (vikrama samvat

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khajurAho kI jaina kalA 1915) aura dUsarI ora neminAtha (vikrama samvat 1927) kI lAMchanayukta mUrtiyA~ haiM / samvat 1927 ke mUrti lekha se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki isa mUrti kI pratiSThA samvat 1927 meM zrI kaMchedIlAla jaina (nagauda) evaM unake parivAra ke logoM dvArA khajurAho meM gajaratha ke avasara para kI gayI thii| mandira kramAMka 2 isa mandira ke pravezadvAra para pArzvanAtha kI prAcIna aura garbhagRha meM padmaprabha kI kAle pASANa kI arvAcIna (25 janavarI, 1981 ko sthApita) Asanastha mUrtiyA~ haiM / mandira kramAMka 3 ___ mandira ke garbhagRha meM mUlanAyaka RSabhanAtha kI vRSabha lAMchana vAlI dhyAnastha mUrti (3'6' x 2'6") hai / isa mUrti ke siMhAsana choroM para yakSa-yakSI ke rUpa meM gomukha aura cakrezvarI tathA parikara meM bAhubalI AmUrtita haiN| bAhubalI ke pAvoM meM vidyAdhAriyoM kI AkRtiyA~ bhI banI haiM / isa manojJa mUrti meM jaTAmukuTa evaM ghumAvadAra laToM vAlI kandhoM para laTakatI jaTAoM kA saMyojana bahuta sundara hai / mUlanAyaka kA mukha atyanta sundara evaM zAnta hai / AkRti ke oMTha evaM ThuDDI atyanta AkarSaka evaM tIkhe haiN| sAtha hI khile hue kamala evaM muktA alaMkaraNoM vAlA prabhAmaNDala bhI manohArI hai| do pArzvavartI rathikAoM meM sumatinAtha ( cakavA lAMchana, 2' 63"x 1' 5" ) evaM abhinandana ( kapi-lAMchana, 2' 10' x 1' 7' ) kI bhI dhyAnastha mUrtiyA~ haiN| lagabhaga 11 vIM zatI I0 ko ina donoM hI mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI bhI dikhAye gaye haiN| pravezadvAra para bAyIM ora vArAhI evaM cAmuNDA kI tribhaMga AkRtiyA~ haiM / mandira kramAMka 4 mandira ke pravezadvAra para kisI tIrthaMkara ke abhiSeka kA dRzyAMkana hai / vedi para janavarI 1981 meM sthApita ( vikrama samvat 2037 ) zveta saMgamaramara kI zItalanAtha, vimalanAtha evaM mahAvIra kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| mandira kramAMka 5 isa mandira kA pravezadvAra atyanta alaMkRta hai / mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM mallinAtha pratiSThita hai| pArzvavartI rathikAoM meM neminAtha evaM munisuvrata kI zveta saMgamaramara kI janavarI, 1981 ( vikrama samvat 2037 ) meM sthApita lAMchanayukta dhyAnastha mUrtiyA~ haiM / mandira kramAMka 6 __ mandira ke pravezadvAra ke uttaraMga ke madhya meM tIrthakara tathA choroM para cakrezvarI aura ambikA yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ hai / dvArazAkhAoM para gaMgA aura yamunA kI tathA garbhagRha meM supAzvaMnAtha kI kAyotsarga (3' 9''x 2') mUrtiyA~ haiN| supArzvanAtha ke caraNoM ke samIpa do AyikAoM kI bhI AkRtiyA~ ukerI hai| madhyavartI supArzvanAtha pratimA ke donoM ora bilhArI se prApta kalacurI kAla kI do kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ haiN| dAhinI ora ajitanAtha ( 3' 7"x

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva 103" ) kI gaja-lAMchana aura yakSa-yakSI tathA bAyIM ora jaTAoM se zobhita vRSabha-lAMchana vAlI AdinAtha (3'8" x 1' 2") kI gomukha yakSa aura cakrezvarI yakSI se suzobhita mUrtiyA~ haiM / mandira kramAMka 7 __mandira kA pravezadvAra atyadhika alaMkRta aura pratimAzAstra kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai| mandira ke uttaraMga para lakSmI, cakrezvarI, ambikA aura navagrahoM ke atirikta 18 jaina muniyoM tathA 16 mAGgalika svapnoM kA bhI aMkana huA hai| jaina maniyoM ko sAmAnyataH namaskAra-madrA meM mayUrapicchikA ke sAtha dikhAyA gayA hai / ye AkRtiyA~ lalATa-biMba kI supArzvanAtha mUrti ke donoM ora banI haiM aura inameM unake nAma bhI abhilikhita haiN| garbhagRha meM mahAvora kI dhyAnastha mUrti (4' x 2' 2') hai / vikrama samvat 1148 ( 1091 I0 ) kI isa mUrti meM yakSa-yakSI bhI AmUrtita haiN| siMha-lAMchana aura yakSa-yakSI vAlI mahAvIra kI yaha mUrti khajurAho kI anupama aura sAtha hI mahAvIra kI sabase sundara, pUrNa evaM sAMgopAMga mUrti hai| mahAvIra kA alaMkRta prabhAmaNDala evaM aSTaprAtihArya bhI sundara hai / mUlanAyaka ke mukha para mandasmita aura gahana cintana kA bhAva vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / ardhanimilita netra, tikhI ThuDDI aura zrIvatsa bhI darzanIya hai / mandira kramAMka 8 mandira ke uttaraMga para cakrezvarI evaM lakSmI aura garbhagRha meM tIrthaMkara AdinAtha kI mUrti (3'7" x 22') hai| mandira kramAMka 9 (AdinAtha mandira) pArzvanAtha mandira ke ThIka uttara meM sthita AdinAtha mandira khajurAho ke jaina mandira samUha kA eka mahatvapUrNa mandira hai| yaha mandira prathama tIrthaMkara AdinAtha ko samarpita hai| nirandhAra-prAsAda-zailI ke isa mandira kA vartamAna meM kevala zikhara yukta garbhagRha aura antarAla hI zeSa hai / mandira ke maNDapa aura arddhamaNDapa pUrI taraha naSTa ho cuke haiM aura unake sthAna para gumbadAkAra bhItarI chatoM vAlA eka navIna praveza-kakSa banA diyA gayA hai / yojanA, nirmANa zailI evaM mUrtikalA kI dRSTi se AdinAtha mandira khajurAho ke vAmana mandira (la0 1050-75 I0) ke nikaTa hai| isa samAnatA ke AdhAra para kRSNadeva ne AdinAtha mandira ko 11vIM zatI I0 ke uttarArddha meM rakhA hai|' garbhagRha meM saMvat 1215 (1158 I0) kI kAle patthara kI AdinAtha ko mUrti (3'4" x 3' 5") pratiSThita hai jo mUla pratimA ko haTAe jAne ke bAda vahA~ rakhI gaI hai / lalATabiMba meM RSabhanAtha ko yakSo cakrezvarI kI mUrti banI hai / ___ mandira ke maMDovara para mUrtiyoM kI tIna samAnAntara paMktiyA~ haiN| Upara kI paMkti meM gandharva, kinnara aura vidyAdharoM kI atyanta gatizIla mUrtiyA~ haiM / madhya kI paMkti meM cAroM koNoM para aSTavAsukiyoM yA gomukhayakSa kI ATha caturbhuja gomukha AkRtiyA~ banI haiN| nicalI pakti meM aSTa-dikpAloM kI tribhaMga meM caturbhuja mUrtiyA~ ukerI gaI haiN| nIce kI do paMktiyoM meM vibhinna 1. kRSNadeva, pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 58 /

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khajurAho kI jaina kalA 21 AkarSaka mudrAoM meM apsarAoM tathA vyAloM kI bhI mUrtiyA~ banI haiN| maMDovara kI 16 rathikAoM meM 16 deviyoM kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / lalitamudrA meM AsIna yA tribhaMga meM khar3I ye deviyA~ mUrtivijJAna kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahatva kI haiM / svatantra vAhanoM evaM AyudhoM vAlI ina deviyoM kI sambhAvita pahacAna 16 mahAvidyAoM se kI gaI hai| mandira ke adhiSThAna para kSetrapAla ( dakSiNa), jaina yakSI cakrezvarI (uttara) aura ambikA pazcima) kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / AdinAtha mandira kI dvAra-zAkhAoM kI caturbhuja deviyoM kI mUrtiyA~ bhI mUrtivijJAna kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahatva kI haiN| inameM lakSmI, cakrezvarI, ambikA, padmAvatI, gaurI, kAlI, gAMdhArI evaM kucha anya deviyoM ko vAhanoM yA binA vAhanoM vAlA dikhAyA gayA hai / uttaraMga para cakrezvarI, ambikA evaM padmAvatI yakSiyoM ke atirikta lakSmI bhI AkArita haiN| mandira ke pravezadvAra ke dahalIja choroM para do caturbhuja devamUrtiyA~ banI haiM jinake surakSita karoM meM abhayamudrA, parazu evaM cakrAkAra padma pradarzita haiM / dahalIja ke bAyeM chora para gajalakSmI aura dAhine chora para tIna sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAlI kUrmavAhanA devI nirUpita haiM / dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna aura eka surakSita hAtha meM padma se yukta isa devI ko pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai| dvAra-zAkhAoM para makaravAhinI gaMgA aura kUmavAhinI yamunA kI mUrtiyA~ bhI ukerI haiN| pravezadvAra ke bar3erI para 16 mAMgalika svapnoM kA aMkana huA hai| bAyIM ora AdinAtha kI mAtA ko zayyA para leTe dikhAyA gayA hai / isake Age strI-puruSa yugala kI vArtAlApa-mudrA meM mUrtiyA~ banI haiN| yaha nizcita hI AdinAtha ke mAtA-pitA haiM jinheM zubha svapnoM ke prasaMga meM vArtA karate dikhAyA gayA hai / isake bAda krama se 16 mAMgalika svapna bane haiN| ___ AdinAtha mandira lagabhaga 1 mITara U~cI jagatI para banA hai| mandira ke adhiSThAna ke goTe kaI bhinna-bhinna staroM aura alaMkaraNoM vAle haiN| adhiSThAna ke Upara jaMghA yA maDovara kA alaMkRta tathA zilpa-sajjita bhAga hai jinameM nicalI do paMktiyoM meM devI-devatAoM tathA prakSepoM para apsarAoM, nRtyAMganAoM aura vyAloM kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / mandira kA zikhara saptaratha aura SoDazabhadra hai / karNarathoM ke Upara eka laghu stUpAkAra zikhara hai jinameM do pIr3he, candrikAyeM tathA Amalaka hai| isa paridhi ke Upara eka bar3e AkAra kA Amalaka, do candrikAyeM, eka choTA Amalaka, candrikA aura kalaza haiM / antarAla kI chata tIna AloM kI zRMkhalA se AcchAdita hai / garbhagRha kA dvAra sAta zAkhAoM vAlA hai jinameM patralatA, mandAramAlA, vAdya-vAdana karatI aura nRtyarata-gaNa AkRtiyoM, patralatAoM evaM vartulAkAra guccha racanAoM kA alaMkaraNa hai / ' AdinAtha mandira para pArzvanAtha mandira ke samAna kisI devatA kI zakti sahita yugala yA AliMgana mUrti nahIM hai| pAzvanAtha mandira kI apekSA AdinAtha mandira kI mUrtiyA~ jaina svarUpa ko adhika prakaTa karatI haiN| ye mUrtiyA~ pArzvanAtha mandira kI mUrtiyoM kI tulanA meM alaMkaraNoM 1. kRSNadeva, jaina ArTa eNDa AkiTekcara (saM0 e0 ghoSa), naI dillI, 1975, khaNDa-2, pR0 288-93; jaina, balabhadra, pUrva niviSTa, pR0 146-47; jannAsa, I0, pUrva nirdiSTa, pR0 144 /

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12 khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva kI vividhatA aura sUkSma ukerana vAlI nahIM hai| sAtha hI ina mUrtiyoM kI zArIrika ceSTA meM eka sthiratA prApta hotI hai tathA inakA bhAva prakSepaNa bhI utanA sazakta nahIM hai| pArzvanAtha mandira kI tulanA meM AkRtiyA~ kucha lambI aura patalI bhI dikhAI detI haiN| striyoM kA pRSThabhAga svAbhAvika uThAva aura mAMsala na hokara kucha cipaTA dikhAI detA hai / vakSa gola na hokara kucha aNDAkAra hai aura nAbhi adhika gaharI kATI gayI hai| strI mUrtiyoM meM dhotiyoM kA alaMkaraNa bhI vividhatA rahita hai| strI AkRtiyA~ pUrvavat AkarSaka aura manamohaka mudrAoM vAlI haiM / apsarA mUrtiyoM meM zArIrika bhaMgimA atyanta prakhara aura kucha sImA taka asvAbhAvika rUpa meM dikhAI gaI hai| inameM adhikAMzataH apsarAyeM eka hAtha se vakSa kA sparza karatI aura dUsare meM patra-puSpa yA anya sAmagrI lie pradarzita haiN| anya viSayoM meM bAlaka aura zuka ke sAtha krIr3A karatI, patra likhatI, dapaMNa meM dekhakara keza saMvAratI yA aMjana lagAtI, dIvAra para citra banAtI, darpaNa meM mukha dekhakara AbhUSaNa pahanatI, paira se kA~TA nikAlatI, mAlA lie, mekhalA pahanatI, aMgar3AI letI, veNu-vAdana evaM kanduka krIr3A karatI huI mUrtiyA~ ullekhanIya haiM / nRtyarata apsarA mUrtiyoM ke hAthoM aura pairoM kI vibhinna ceSTAoM dvArA nRtya ke bhAva ko bahuta hI gatizIla rUpa meM darzAyA gayA hai| isa mandira kI apsarA mUrtiyA~ adhikAMzataH pRSTha aura pArzvadarzana vAlI haiM jabaki pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyA~ samakSa darzana vAlI haiM / ina apsarA mUrtiyoM meM nArI saundarya, vizeSataH unake sundara aMgayaSTi, ko zilpI ne vibhinna koNoM se prastuta kiyA hai / apsarAoM meM aMgar3AI letI huI, ucakakara divAla para citra banAtI tathA mekhalA pahanatI huI mUrtiyA~ vizeSa AkarSaka haiN| AdinAtha mandira para kula 37 vyAla mUrtiyA~ haiM jinameM sAmAnyataH vyAla ke pITha para aura pairoM ke nIce khaDga yA gadA yA zUladhArI yoddhAoM kI do AkRtiyA~ dikhAyI gayI haiN| vyAla ke samakSa kabhI-kabhI meSa, zUkara, mahiSa, mayUra, U~Ta evaM gaja kI AkRtiyA~ bhI banI haiN| ye vyAla mUrtiyA~ candela zAsakoM kI zaurya kI sAkAra abhivyakti haiN| vyAla AkRtiyA~ siMha, zUkara, zuka, gaja, nara aura azva vyAloM ke rUpa meM haiN| inameM siMha vyAla kI saMkhyA sarvAdhika hai| sabase Upara kI tIsarI paMkti meM mAlAdhAro, vINA bajAtI, puSpadhArI, nagAr3A bajAtI yA vArtAlApa karatI vidyAdharoM kI svatantra aura yugala mUrtiyA~ haiN| mandira meM tIna ora ke chajje meM jaina AcAryoM kI vArtAlApa karatI huI mUrtiyA~ bhI haiM / mandira kramAMka 10 isa mandira ke uttaraMga para lakSmI, sarasvatI aura siddhAyikA ke sAtha hI ambikA kI bhI mUrtiyA~ haiN| uttaraMga para tIna deviyoM, eka jaina yugala (strI-puruSa donoM bAlaka lie hue) tathA mAlAdhAriNI aura dvArazAkhAoM para gaMgA-yamunA kI savAhana tathA AliMganabaddha yugaloM kI mUrtiyA~ hai / isa mandira meM mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM vikrama samvat 2037 (25 janavarI 1981) kI kAle patthara kI naminAtha kI padma-lAMchana vAlI dhyAnastha mUrti hai| isa mUrti ke dakSiNa pArzva meM nau sarpaphaNoM ke chatroM vAlI svastika-lAMchanayukta vikrama samvat 1927 (1870 I0) kI supArzvanAtha evaM bAyIM ora sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAlI sarpa-lAMchanayukta

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khajurAho ko jaina kalA me vikrama sambat 1927 (1870 I0) kI pArzvanAtha kI kAle patthara kI khajurAho gajaratha meM pratiSThita dhyAnastha mUrtiyA~ haiM / mandira kramAMka 11/1-2 (pArzvanAtha-mandira) pArzvanAtha mandira khajurAho ke jaina mandiroM meM prAcInatama aura sarvAdhika surakSita mandira hai / sthApatyagata yojanA evaM mUrti alaMkaraNoM kI dRSTi se bhI pArzvanAtha mandira jaina mandiroM meM vizAlatama aura sarvotkRSTa hai / isa sAMdhAra prAsAda meM chajjedAra vAtAyanoM se yukta vakra bhAgoM kA abhAva hai| mandira ke pradakSiNApatha meM manda prakAza ke saMcAra hetu sAdhAraNa gavAkSa banAe gaye haiM jinase hokara pahu~cane vAlA manda prakAza darzanArthiyoM evaM ArAdhakoM ke lie eka alaukika zAnta vAtAvaraNa kA sRjana karatA hai| pUrvAbhimukha pArzvanAtha mandira ke pazcimI prakSepa meM garbhagRha ke pRSThabhAga se jur3A eka svatantra devAlaya bhI hai ( vedi naM0 11-2 ) jo isa mandira kI abhinava vizeSatA hai / isa devAlaya meM 11vIM zatI I0 kI RSabhanAtha kI pratimA ( 42" x 26 ) pratidhita hai| kRSNadeva ne pArzvanAtha mandira ko dhaMga ke zAsanakAla ke prArambhika dinoM (950-70 I0) meM nirmita mAnA hai|' khajurAho ke lakSmaNa mandira (930-50 I0) evaM pAzvanAtha mandira meM sthApatya evaM zilpa kI dRSTi se paryApta samAnatA hai| donoM hI mandiroM ke garbhagaha-dAra ke uttaraMga para eka dUsare ke Upara do rUpa-paTTikAyeM banI hai| kevala lakSmaNa aura pArzvanAtha mandiroM para hI kRSNalIlA ke dRzya tathA rAma-sItA-hanumAna aura balarAma-revatI kI matiyA~ hai| donoM mandiroM ke yamalArjuna dRzyAMkana meM atyadhika samAnatA hai / lakSmaNa mandira kA nirmANa yazovarman dvArA karAyA gayA jabaki pArzvanAtha mandira usake putra evaM uttarAdhikArI dhaMga ke zAsanakAla meM bnaa| isa sUcanA ke srota do abhilekha haiM jo lakSmaNa aura pArzvanAtha mandiroM meM haiM / donoM hI abhilekha dhaMga ke zAsanakAla meM likhe gae the aura donoM kI tithi-vikrama saMvat 1011 (954 I0) hai| kintu donoM abhilekhoM kI lipi meM bahata antara hone ke kAraNa pArzvanAtha mandira ke abhilekha ko lupta mUla abhilekha kI pratilipi mAnA jAtA hai jise lagabhaga sau varSa bAda phira se likhA gyaa| mandira meM kaI pUrvavartI tIrthayAtrI-lekha bhI aMkita haiM jinheM lipi ke AdhAra 950 se 1000 I0 ke madhya kA mAna sakate haiM / pArzvanAtha mandira kA nirmANa pUrNa dakSatA ke sAtha huA hai / mandira ke maMDovara para tIna samAnAntara paMktiyoM meM mUrtiyoM ke sundara saMyojana aura zikhara ke sUkSmAMkana kI phargasana ne atyadhika prazaMsA kI hai / pArzvanAtha mandira kI vAstukalA lakSmaNa mandira kI apekSA adhika vikasita hai| Urdhva paMkti meM vidyAdharoM kA aMkana pArzvanAtha mandira se hI prArambha huaa| mandira meM apsarAoM evaM sura-sundariyoM kI zreSThatama mUrtiyA~ haiM jo khajurAho zilpI kI sundaratama kRtiyA~ haiN| 1. kRSNadeva, "di Tempulsa oNva khajurAho ina senTrala iNDiyA", pR0 54 / 2. vahIM, pR0 54-55 / 3. avasthI, rAmAzraya, khajurAho kI deva pratimAyeM, AgarA, 1967, pR0 15-16 /

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva pArzvanAtha mandira pradakSiNApatha-yukta garbhagRha, antarAla, mahAmaNDapa aura arddhamaNDapa se yukta hai| yaha mandira mUlataH RSabhanAtha ko samarpita thA kintu garbhagRha meM samvat 1917 (1860 I0) meM sthApita kAle patthara meM banI pArzvanAtha kI mUrti ke kAraNa hI ise Age calakara pArzvanAtha maMdira ke nAma se jAnA jAne lagA / arvamaNDapa ke lalATabiMba meM RSabhanAtha ko yakSI cakrezvarI tathA garbhagRha kI mUla pratimA ke siMhAsana para RSabhanAtha ke vRSabha-lAMchana aura pAraMparika yakSa-yakSI gomukha-cakrezvarI ke aMkana, maMdira ke mUlataH RSabhanAtha ko samarpita hone ke akATya pramANa haiN| mUlanAyaka RSabhanAtha kI mUrti (jo saMprati gAyaba hai) ke pAzrthoM meM pA~ca aura sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatroM se suzobhita supArzvanAtha evaM pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyA~ bhI banIM haiM / maMdira ke bhItara ke sabhI bhAga eka AyatAkAra dIvAra dvArA pariveSTita haiM / maNDapa kI dIvAra ko bhItara kI ora se ardhastambhoM kA aura bAhara kI ora se mUrtiyoM kI paTTiyoM tathA jAlIdAra vAtAyanoM kA AdhAra prApta hai / garbhagRha tathA maNDapa kI bhittiyoM ke prakSepoM aura Alo meM jaMghA para kramazaH nIce se Upara kI ora choTI hotI gayI mUrtiyoM kI tIna samAnAntara paMktiyA~ hai / nIce kI paMkti meM prakSepoM para vibhinna devatAoM kI svataMtra tathA zakti sahita evaM apsarAoM tathA jinoM kI lAMchanarahita mUrtiyAM haiM / inameM aSTadikpAloM, yakSI ambikA, ziva, viSNu evaM brahmA Adi kI mUrtiyAM haiN| bIca-bIca meM AloM meM vyAloM kI vividha rUpoM vAlI mUrtiyAM hai| madhya kI paMkti meM vibhinna deva-yugaloM, lakSmI tathA lAMchanarahita jinoM Adi kI mUrtiyAM haiM / mUrtivijJAna kI dRSTi se kevala nicalI do paMktiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ hI mahatvapUrNa haiM / ' Upara kI paMkti meM prakSepoM tathA AloM meM puSpahAra se yukta vidyAdhara yugala, gaMdharva evaM kinnara-kinnariyoM kI uDDIyamAna AkRtiyAM haiN| nIce kI donoM paMktiyoM kI deva-yugala evaM svataMtra devoM kI mUrtiyoM meM devatA sadaiva caturbhuja haiM kintu unakI zaktiyAM dvibhujA haiM / ina mUrtiyoM meM devatAoM ko zaktiyoM kI eka bhujA sadA AliMgana-mudrA meM hai aura dUsare meM darpaNa yA padma pradarzita hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki vibhinna devatAoM ke sAtha unakI pAraMparika zaktiyoM, yathA viSNu ke sAtha lakSmI, brahmA ke sAtha brahmANI evaM ziva ke sAtha zivA ke sthAna para vyaktigata vizeSatAoM se rahita sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI zaktiyA~ nirUpita haiN| maNDapa aura garbhagRha ke jaMghA ke atirikta svataMtra devatAoM evaM deva-yugaloM kI mUrtiyAM mandira ke zikhara evaM varaNDa bhAga para bhI cAroM ora banI haiM / svataMtra devamUrtiyoM meM kevala ziva, viSNu evaM brahmA tathA devayugaloM meM ziva, viSNu evaM brahmA ke atirikta kubera, rAma, balarAma, agni evaM kAma kI mUrtiyAM haiN| jaMghA kI mUrtiyoM meM devatA sadaiva tribhaMga meM haiM, para anya bhAgoM kI mUrtiyoM meM inheM lalitamudrA meM bhI dikhAyA gayA hai| maMdira ke jaMghA evaM anya bhAgoM para jaina yakSI ambikA evaM cakrezvarI tathA sarasvatI, lakSmI, brahmANI Adi kI bhI mUrtiyA~ hai / jinoM tathA cakrezvarI evaM ambikA yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyoM ke atirikta maNDapa ke jaMghA kI anya sabhI mUrtiyAM brAhmaNa devakula se saMbaMdhita 1. vistAra ke lie draSTavya, bruna, klAz2a, "di phigara oNva TU loara rilIphsa oNna di pAzvanAtha Tempula aiTa khajurAho, AcArya zrI vijaya vallabha sUri smAraka grantha, bambaI, 1956, pR0 7-35 /

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D - pU 11 .. 0000.0 pArzvanAtha mandira : tala yojanA ghaNTaI mandira : anumAnita tala yojanA (eliko jannAsa kI pustaka khajurAho se sAbhAra)

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sajurAho kI jaina kalA aura prabhAvita haiN| ina mUrtiyoM meM viSNu ke kisI avatAra rUpa tathA isI prakAra ziva ke kisI saMhAraka yA anugrahakArI svarUpa kI mUrtiyAM nahIM hai, jisase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki kalAkAra ne brAhmaNa prabhAva para kiMcit niyaMtraNa rakhane kI bhI ceSTA kI thii| trizUla evaM sarpa tathA nandI vAhana vAle ziva evaM sruka aura pustaka se yukta brahmA ko kucha vidvAnoM ne kramazaH jaina paraMparA ke Izvara aura brahmazAMti yakSoM se pahacAnane kA prayAsa kiyA jo isa maMdira ke zilpAMkana meM brAhmaNa deva mUrtiyoM ke spaSTa prabhAva ke pariprekSya meM prAMsaGgika nahIM hai| pArzvanAtha maMdira para viSNu evaM balarAma kI kaI svataMtra tathA zaktisahita yugala mUrtiyAM haiM / kintu khajurAho kI neminAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM balarAma aura kRSNa kA nirUpaNa nahIM huA hai, jabaki devagar3ha tathA mathurA ke digambara sthaloM para neminAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM inakA aMkana huA hai / tAtparya yaha ki pArzvanAtha maMdira kI viSNu tathA balarAma kI mUrtiyAM brAhmaNa deva-maMdiroM ke anukaraNa para banI haiM / yadi ye jaina paraMparA ke aMtargata banI hotI to neminAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM bhI unakA nizcita hI akana huA hotA / isI saMdarbha meM eka anya mahatvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki devatAoM kA apanI zaktiyoM ke sAtha AliMganamudrA meM nirUpaNa bhI pUrI taraha jaina paraMparA ke viruddha hai / jaina paraMparA meM kahIM bhI koI devatA apanI zakti ke sAtha abhilakSita nahIM huA hai| aisI sthiti meM devatAoM kA zakti ke sAtha aura vaha bhI AliMganamudrA meM nirUpaNa parapaMrA ke sarvathA pratikUla hai| yaha tathya bhI maMdira kI mUrtiyoM ke brAhmaNa deva-parivAra se saMbaMdhita hone kA hI samarthaka hai| maMdira para brahmA aura ziva ko brahmazAMti yA Izvara yakSa ke sthAna para sarvadA brAhmaNa devatAoM ke rUpa meM hI dikhalAyA gayA hai / pArzvanAtha mandira kI apsarA mUrtiyAM khajurAhoM mandiroM meM sarvazreSTha mAnI jAtI haiM / inameM nArI saundarya pUrI taraha sAkAra ho uThA hai / apsarA mUrtiyoM meM tokhI bhaMgimAoM ke mAdhyama se zArIrika AkarSaNa kI abhivyakti huI / apsarA mUrtiyoM ke atirikta maMdira para kAmakriyA meM rata yugaloM kI bhI cAra mUrtiyAM haiN| para pAzvanAtha mandira kI kAma-mUrtiyAM khajurAho ke lakSmaNa, kandariyA mahAdeva, dUlAdeva evaM vizvanAtha mandiroM kI tulanA meM bilkula hI uddAma nahIM haiM / pArzvanAtha mandira ke zilpAMkana meM jahA~ brAhmaNa prabhAva pUrI taraha mukhara hai vahIM AdinAtha mandira isa prabhAva se taraha mukta hai / pArzvanAtha maMdira 1.2 mITara U~cI jagatI para sthita hai| isakA adhiSThAna do zreNiyoM meM vibhakta hai jisameM nicale bhAga meM jADyakuMbha, kaNikA, paTTikA antarapatra aura kapota tathA UparI bhAga meM pAraMparika sajjA paTTiyAM haiM, jinake Upara eka vasaMta paTTikA hai / jaMghA kI tIna samAnAntara mUrti paTTiyoM ke Upara varaNDikA tathA zikhara bhAga hai / isa mandira meM garbhagRha, antarAla, mahAmaNDapa aura ardhamaNDapa ke lie alaga-alaga zikhara bane hue haiM jinameM se antarAla, mahAmaNDapa aura ardhamaNDapa kI chatoM ke adhikAMza bhAga punanirmita hai / garbhagRha kA saptaratha zikhara nAgara zailI kA hai jisameM uruzRMgoM kI do paMktiyAM tathA gauNazRMgoM (jinameM karNazRMga bhI sammilita hai) kI tIna paMktiyAM haiN| maMdira kA ardhamaNDapa AkAra meM sAdhAraNa kintu atyadhika alaMkRta hai /

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva usakI toraNa sajjA meM alaMkaraNa aura mUrtiyoM kA sundara saMyojana dekhA jA sakatA hai / ardhamaNDapa kI bhItarI chata khajurAho ke anya maMdiroM kI tulanA meM adhika alaMkRta hai / adhamaNDapa kA praveza-dvAra vibhinna deva AkRtiyoM tathA alaMkaraNoM se sajjita hai| AyatAkAra maNDapa kI bhItara kI Thosa dIvAreM 16 ardhastambhoM para sthita haiM jinameM bIca-bIca meM pIThikAoM para tIrthaMkaroM ko mUrtiyAM pratiSThita haiN| garbhagRha kA praveza-dvAra vibhinna alaMkaraNoM tathA gaMgA-yamunA, mithuna, natragrahoM evaM tIrthaMkaroM kI AkRtiyoM se sajjita hai| mandira ke pazcimI bhAga ke devAlaya meM kevala garbhagRha hI zeSa hai, jisake praveza-dvAra para latA-vallariyoM ke alaMkaraNoM ke sAtha hI gaMgA-yamunA, gaNoM, mithunoM, navagrahoM, sarasvatI tathA caturbhuja jaina pratihAroM kI AkRtiyA~ bhI banI hai / pAzvanAtha mandira kI bhitti evaM anya bhAgoM kI svatantra evaM deva-yugala mUrtiyoM meM padma ke vividha rUpoM tathA sarpa aura bIjapUraka kA sAmAnya rUpa se pradarzana huA hai / garbhagRha kI bhitti ke ATha koNoM kI dikpAla mUrtiyoM ke Upara ziva kI ATha mUrtiyA~ banI haiN| inameM jaTAmukuTa, vanamAlA aura upavIta se suzobhita caturbhuja ziva tribhaMga meM haiM aura unake hAthoM meM varadAkSa, trizUla, sarpa aura kamaNDalu hai / samIpa hI nandI vAhana bhI utkIrNa hai| maNDapa kI bhitti para bhI ziva kI inhIM vizeSatAoM vAlI caturbhuja mUrtiyA~ haiM / pUrvI bhitti kI eka mUrti meM ziva apasmArapuruSa para khar3e haiM aura unake karoM meM abhayamudrA, trizUla, cakrAkAra padma tathA kamaNDalu haiN| maNDapa kI anya mUrtiyoM meM nandI vAhana vAle ziva jaTAmukuTa se suzobhita hai aura unake do karoM meM padma aura zeSa do meM trizUla, sarpa, kamaNDalu yA bIjapUraka meM se koI do pradarzita haiM / eka udAharaNa meM ziva ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, gadA, sarpa aura kamaNDalu bhI pradarzita haiM / ye mUrtiyA~ RSabhanAtha aura ziva ke pArasparika sambandha ko prakaTa karatI haiN| viSNu kI svatantra mUrtiyA~ kevala maNDapa kI bhitti para hI haiN| inameM caturbhuja viSNu ke sAtha vAhana nahIM dikhAyA gayA hai| unake hAthoM meM gadA, zaMkha, cakra, dhanuSa, padma Adi pradarzita hai / adhikAMzataH viSNu ko eka hAtha gadA para Tekakara ArAma karane kI mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai| kucha udAharaNoM meM parazu, bIjapUraka tathA abhayamudrA bhI dikhAyI gayI hai| maNDapa kI bhitti, zikhara evaM anya bhAgoM para viSNu-lakSmI tathA ziva-pArvatI ( 25 se adhika ) kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ haiN| inameM ziva-pArvatI yA to tribhaMga meM haiM yA phira lalitamudrA meM / ziva-pArvatI kI mUrtiyoM meM ziva kA eka hAtha kaTi para hai aura dA meM padma aura sarpa hai; eka hAtha AliMganamudrA meM hai / vAma pArzva kI devI kA dAhinA hAtha AliMganamudrA meM hai tathA bAyeM meM bIjapUraka ( yA darpaNa ) hai / kabhI-kabhI ziva ke do hAthoM meM se eka meM phala aura dUsare meM padma bhI pradarzita hai / lakSmI-nArAyaNa mUrtiyoM meM, jisakA eka manojJa udAharaNa dakSiNI bhitti para hai, viSNu kirITamukuTa se zobhita haiM aura unake tIna hAthoM meM padma, zaMkha aura cakra pradarzita hai; eka hAtha AliMganamudrA meM hai| kabhI-kabhI viSNu ko gadA para eka hAtha Tekakara ArAma karate hue bhI dikhAyA gayA hai / aisI mUrtiyoM meM anya hAthoM meM zaMkha aura sarpa (yA phala yA padma) haiN| vAma pArzva kI lakSmI AkRti kA dAhinA hAtha sadA AliMganamudrA meM hai aura bAyeM meM padma hai|

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khajurAho kI jana kalA 27 viSNu aura ziva ke atirikta mandira para brahmA kI bhI svatantra aura yugala mUrtiyA~ haiM / mandira kI jaMghA para zmazruyukta brahmA kI eka svatantra mUrti hai| brahmA ke karoM meM varadAkSa, sruka, pustaka aura kamaNDalu pradarzita hai| yahA~ brahmA ke sAtha na to vAhana dikhAyA gayA hai aura na hI brahmA trimukha hai / uttarI bhitti para brahmA kI zaktisahita eka mUrti hai / brahmA yahA~ tIna mukhoM vAle, ghaTodara aura zmazruyukta haiN| unake do hAthoM meM juka aura pustaka haiM, jabaki zeSa do hAthoM meM se eka kaTi para hai aura dUsarA AliMganamudrA meM hai| yahA~ zakti ko brahmA ke dAhine pArzva meM dikhalAyA gayA hai| devI kI vAma bhujA AliMganamudrA meM haiM, jabaki dAyeM meM cakrAkAra padma hai / ___ jaMghA para balarAma-revatI, kubera-kauberI, agni-AgneyI, rAma-sItA, kAma-rati evaM yama-yamI (?) kI bhI mUrtiyAM haiN| dakSiNI bhitti kI sapta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAlI kirITamakuTa se zobhita balarAma kI mUrti meM do karoM meM caSaka aura hala haiM; eka dAhinA hAtha AliMganamudrA meM hai tathA bAyA~ kaTi para hai| yahA~ bhI zakti dakSiNa pArzva meM hI khar3I hai / zakti ke dAhine hAtha meM sanAla padma hai, jabaki bAyA~ AliMganamudrA meM hai| dakSiNI bhitti para hI kubera kI bhI zakti sahita mUrti hai| kubera kI eka dakSiNa bhujA AliMgana meM hai aura do meM nakulaka evaM cakrAkAra padma haiM; cauthI bhujA gadA para ArAma kara rahI hai| dakSiNa pAzrva kI kauberI kI mUrti meM dAhine hAtha meM cakrAkAra padma hai, jabaki bAyA~ AliMganamudrA meM haiN| uttarI bhitti kI rAma-sItA mUrti meM kirITa-mukuTa tathA channavIra se sajjita rAma ke do hAthoM meM eka lambA bANa pradarzita hai / rAma kI UvaM vAma bhujA AliMganamudrA meM hai, jabaki nIce kA dAhinA hAtha pAlitamudrA meM dakSiNa pArzva meM khar3I kapimukha hanumAna kI AkRti ke mastaka para hai| rAma kI pITha para tUNIra bhI pradarzita hai / sItA ke bAyeM hAtha meM nIlotpala hai aura dAhinA hAtha AliMganamudrA meM hai| isa mUrti ke Upara hI sambhavataH rAvaNa dvArA sItA se bhikSA grahaNa karane kA prasaMga bhI utkIrNa hai| jaTAmukuTa se yukta sAdhu AkRti (rAvaNa) ke bhikSApAtra meM usake sAmane khar3I strI AkRti (sItA) ko bhikSA DAlate hue dikhAyA gayA hai / pArzvanAtha mandira ke dakSiNa zikhara para utkIrNa rAmAyaNa ke eka anya kathA dRzya kA ullekha bhI yahA~ prAsaMgika hai / azokavATikA se sambandhita isa dRzya meM klAntamukha sItA ko khaDgadhArI asura AkRtiyoM se veSThita dikhAyA gayA hai / sItA ke samakSa hI kapimukha hanumAna kI AkRti banI hai, jinheM sItA ko rAma kI mudrikA dete hue darzAyA gayA hai / jaina grantha pau macariya ( vimalasUrikRta ) evaM raviSeNakRta padmapurANa meM rAma-kathA kA vistRta ullekha hai / ina granthoM meM azokavATikA se sambandhita dRzya kI bhI carcA milatI hai (paumacariya 53/11) / ardhamaNDapa aura maNDapa para varaNDa ke Upara dvibhuja rAma kI kaI choTI mUrtiyA~ bhI hai| inameM rAma ke donoM hAthoM meM eka lambA zara dikhAyA gayA hai / maNDapa kI uttarI bhitti para hI agni kI bhI zaktisahita eka mUrti hai / agni zmazruyukta haiM aura unake tIna hAthoM meM dhanukArSaNa, daNDa aura zikhA hai tathA eka hAtha AliMganamudrA meM hai| zakti kI dAhinI bhujA AliMganamudrA meM hai, jabaki bAyeM meM cakrAkAra padma hai| kAma aura rati kI bhI do yugala mUrtiyA~ haiM, jo kramazaH pUrva aura uttara kI bhittiyoM para haiN| pUrvI bhitti kI mUrti meM zmazru aura jaTAmukuTa se zobhita kAma ke do hAthoM meM paMcazara evaM iSu-dhanu hai, jabaki

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva 28 zeSa do hAthoM meM se eka vyAkhyAnamudrA meM hai aura dUsarA AliMganamudrA meM / uttarI bhitti kI mUrti meM kAma dAr3hI mUchoM se rahita tathA kirITamukuTa se sajjita haiM / unake do hAthoM meM pUrvavat paMcazara ( mAnava mukha ) aura iSu dhanu haiM tathA eka hAtha AliMganamudrA meM hai / kevala vyAkhyAnamudrA ke sthAna para eka hAtha meM padma kalikA pradarzita hai / donoM hI udAharaNoM meM rati bAyeM pArzva meM khar3I haiM aura unakA dAhinA hAtha AliMganamudrA meM hai, jabaki bAyeM meM pustaka ( yA padma ) pradarzita hai | uttarI bhitti para hI eka aisI yugala mUrti bhI hai jisakI sambhAvita pahacAna yama yamI se kI jA sakatI hai / jaTAmukuTa aura mUchoM se yukta devatA ke do hAthoM meM khaTvAMga aura patAkA haiM jabaki zeSa hAthoM meM se eka meM vyAkhyAna - akSamAlA hai aura dUsarA AliMganamudrA meM hai / zakti kA dAhinA hAtha AliMganamudrA meM hai aura bAyeM meM padma hai / deva-yugala AkRtiyoM ke atirikta mandira ke jaMghA tathA anya bhAgoM para sAmAnya strIpuruSa yugaloM kI bhI mUrtiyA~ haiM / ye mUrtiyA~ adhikAMzataH AliMganamudrA meM haiM / inameM strI kA dAhinA hAtha sadaiva AliMganamudrA meM hai aura bAyeM meM darpaNa ( yA padma) pradarzita hai / kabhI-kabhI ina yugaloM ko vArtAlApa kI mudrA meM bhI dikhalAyA gayA hai / ina mUrtiyoM meM AkRtiyA~ vibhinna rUpoM aura vastrAbhUSaNoM vAlI haiM jo samAja ke vibhinna vargoM evaM staroM kA pratinidhitva karatI haiM / inameM kabhI-kabhI strI ko cumbana kI sthiti meM yA cumbana ke lie puruSa ke sammukha Ate hue aura puruSa ko strI kA hAtha pakar3a kara apanI ora khIMcate hue yA usake payodharoM kA paza karate hue dikhalAyA gayA hai / ye AkRtiyA~ nirvastra na hokara pUrI taraha vastra sajjita haiM / kucha udAharaNoM meM samIpa hI kisI AkRti ko ina kRtyoM para Azcarya vyakta karate yA pIche mur3akara vApasa lauTate hue bhI dikhAyA gayA hai / pUrvI jaMghA ke eka dRzya meM taraha spaSTa hai / dRzya meM zmazru tathA jaTAjUTa se zobhita kisI brAhmaNa sAdhu ke striyA~ khar3I haiM / inameM se eka ne sAdhu kI haiM / yaha dRzya nizcita hI striyoM dvArA sambandhita hai / yaha bhAva pUrI donoM ora do dAr3hI aura dUsare ne usakI jaTAoM ko pakar3a rakhA sAdhu ko usake kisI kRtya para daNDita karane se mandira ke maNDapa aura garbhagRha kI bhittiyoM para UparI paMkti meM gandharva aura vidyAdharoM kI svatantra aura yugala mUrtiyA~ haiM / inameM kinnara mUrtiyA~ nahIM haiM / gandharva adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM dvibhuja haiN| dakSiNa maNDapa kI bhitti kI eka mUrti meM gandharva caturbhuja hai aura usake do hAthoM meM phala aura puSpa haiM tathA eka hAtha AliMgana - mudrA meM hai / eka hAtha kI sAmagrI spaSTa nahIM hai / uDDIyamAna gandharva yugala mUrtiyoM meM dvibhuja puruSa ke eka hAtha meM mAlA, padma, hAra, phala aura varadamudrA meM se koI eka pradarzita hai jabaki dUsarA hAtha AliMganamudrA meM haiM / strI kA dAhinA hAtha AliMganamudrA meM hai aura bAyeM meM sAmAnyataH darpaNa aura kabhI-kabhI padma yA mAlA yA phala bhI hai / svatantra mUrtiyoM meM gandharva hAra, cAmara aura puSpa lie haiN| garbhagRha kI pazcimI bhitti ke eka udAharaNa meM gandhavaM yugala nRtyarata bhI dikhAe gaye haiM / garbhagRha ko uttarI bhitti ke eka udAharaNa meM puruSa-strI ke hAthoM meM eka ho puSpahAra pradarzita hai / vidyAdhara yugaloM meM puruSoM kA

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khajurAho ko jaina kalA 29 pAva maniyA~ sAmAnyataH veNuvAdana karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai jabaki strI ke eka hAtha meM puSpa hai aura dUsarA jAnu para sthita hai| pUrvI bhitti kI eka mUrti meM vidyAdhara ko nRtya kI mRdrA meM maMjorA bajAte hue bhI dikhAyA gayA hai| pArzvanAtha mandira ke maNDapa a bhittiyoM para vyAla kI lagabhaga (2248 iMca) haiN| inameM adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM siMha-vyAla tathA kucha meM gaja-vyAla, naravyAla, zUkara-vyAla, makara-vyAla tathA zuka-vyAla kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| ina mUrtiyoM meM raudrasvarUpa vAlI vyAla AkRtiyoM kI pITha para sAmAnyataH eka khaDgavArI yoddhA AsIna hai| yoddhA kI eka dUsarI AkRti vyAla ke pairoM ke samIpa banI hai aura usake hAthoM meM khaDuga, kheTaka aura kabhI-kabhI cakra, zUla, aMkuza, gadA yA anya koI Ayudha pradarzita hai| isa AkRti ko vyAla se yuddharata dikhAyA gayA hai| noce kI AkRti kabhI-kabhI gaja yA azva para bhI baiThI hai / ye vyAla mUrtiyA~ candela zAsakoM ke zaurya kI mUka gAthA haiM / manabhAvana apsarA yA surasundariyoM kI mUrtiyoM kI dRSTi se pArzvanAtha mandira niHsandeha khajurAho kA sarvazreSTha mandira hai| maNDovara aura garbhagRha kI bhittiyoM para kula 50 apsarA mUrtiyA~ hai / manamohaka zArIrika ceSTAoM aura bhAvabhaMgimAoM vAlI ye mUrtiyA~ tribhaMga yA atibhaMga meM haiM / ye AkRtiyA~ sundara aura mAMsala zarIra racanA vAlo, nAbhi-darzanA, svastha payAdharoM vAlI aura tIkhI bhaMgimAoM vAlI haiN| inakI sampUrNa zarIra yaSTi se aindrikatA kA bhAva prakaTa hotA hai| zarIra ke vibhinna aMgoM kI mAMsalatA aura aindrikatA kI tulanA meM nitamba bhAga kucha sapATa jaisA dikhAI detA hai| AkRtiyoM kI nAsikA lambI aura tIkhI, mukha choTe aura kiMcit, aNDAkAra, Thur3hI tIkhI, hoMTha apekSAkRta caur3e aura kucha moTe, A~kheM lambI aura khulI huyI haiM / A~khoM ke madhya meM putalI nahIM banI hai| ina AkRtiyoM ko vibhinna vastrAbhUSaNoM se sajjita aura vividha keza-sajjA vAlA dikhAyA gayA hai| keza-sajjA sAmAnyataH dhammilla aura lambe jUr3e ke rUpa meM banI hai / alaMkaraNoM meM aveyaka, hAra, stana-hAra, kaI lar3iyoM vAlI mekhalA, karNaphUla, bhujabandha, valaya evaM nUpura mukhya haiN| AbhUSaNa adhikAMzataH motI kI lar3iyoM se bane hai / ina AkRtiyoM meM sAr3iyA~ vizeSa rUpa se AkarSaka rUparekhA vAlI haiN| inameM vibhinna puSpoM aura rekhAoM ke mAdhyama se vividhatApUrNa alaMkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| apsarAoM ko colI bhI pahane hue dikhAyA gayA hai jisake kinAre spaSTa haiM / apsarAoM kI sabhI u~galiyoM meM challedAra aMgUThiyA~ aura kalAI meM cUr3iyA~ haiN| inameM premI ko patra likhatI, darpaNa dekhatI (darpaNA), kAjala lagAto, apane ko vivastra karatI (vivastrajaghanA), eka hAtha yoni ke samakSa rakhakara apanI nagnatA ko chipAne kA yatna karatI, bAlaka ke sAtha kror3A karatI, kanduka krIr3A karatI (yaha mUrti samprati khajurAho ke purAtatva saMgrahAlaya meM hai), aMgar3AI letI (alasakanyA), nRtya karato, darpaNa dekhakara mAMga meM sindUra bharatI, dupaTTA pakar3e hue, dAhine paira se kA~TA nikAlatI tathA padma, cAmara aura kalaza lie evaM pAyala bA~dhatI, keza se jala nicor3atI tathA mahAvara racAtI huyI apsarA mUrtiyoM kI pramukhatA hai| vivastrajaghanA aura patra likhatI huyI apsarA mUrtiyA~ saMkhyA meM sarvAdhika haiN|

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva vitrastrajaghanA mUrtiyoM meM sAmAnyataH jAMgha para vRzcika aura pairoM ke pAsa kapi kI AkRtiyA~ (trAsa) banI haiM; jAMgha para hI 'zrI' abhilikhita hai / vivastrajaghanA mUrtiyoM meM 'zrI' zabda kA Alekhana vizeSa sAMketika sandarbha kA ho sakatA hai| garbhagRha kI dakSiNI bhitti kI eka strI mUrti kA dAhinA hAtha Upara uThA hai aura dUsarA hAtha yoni bhAga ke samakSa use DhaMkane kI mudrA meM pradarzita hai / strI kI sAr3I pairoM ke samIpa khar3I kapi AkRti khIMca rahI hai| isa prakAra isa mUrti meM bahuta hI sundara DhaMga se sAr3I ke sarakane aura phalasvarUpa nArI saMkoca ke sAtha hI aindrika ArkaSaNa kA bhAva nirdiSTa hai| aisI mUrtiyA~ atyanta sahaja rUpa meM darzakoM ke mana meM aindrika anubhUti kA saMcAra karatI haiN| darpaNa meM mukha dekhatI yA kAjala lagAtI yA mA~ga meM sindUra bharatI huyI mUrtiyoM meM mukha para ullAsa kA bhAva spaSTa hai| aMgar3AI letI huI mUrtiyoM meM sampUrNa zarIra vizeSataH grIvA aura pairoM evaM hAthoM kI svAbhAvika sthiti se nArI zarIra ke aMgoM meM mAdaka ubhAra atyanta svAbhAvika aura AkarSaka rUpa meM prakaTa huA hai / aisI mUrtiyoM meM kevala paira kA pichalA hissA hI jamIna para hai aura donoM hAtha pIche kI ora dikhAye gaye haiM / ye mUrtiyA~ eka ora aMgar3AI kI svAbhAvika sthiti darzAtI hai aura sAtha hI usa avasthA meM nArI kI aMgayaSThI ke AkarSaka locoM aura ubhAroM dvArA aindrikatA ke bhAva kA bhI saMcAra karatI haiM / apsarAoM kI sabhI kriyAoM meM nArI zarIra ke AkarSaNa aura ubhAra ko kalAkAroM ne saphalatApUrvaka prakaTa kiyA hai / nRtyarata mUrtiyoM meM pairoM, hAthoM aura u~galiyoM kI sthitiyA~ atyanta svAbhAvika rUpa meM nRtya kI mudrA darzAtI haiM / garbhagRha kI uttarI bhitti kI mUrti meM paira meM cubhe kA~Te ko nikAlatI huyI apsarAoM kI do mUrtiyA~ svAbhAvikatA kI parAkASThA ko chUtI haiN| eka udAharaNa meM dAhine paira meM kAMTA cubhA hone ke kAraNa apsarA ko usa paira ko uThAye hue aura hAtha se kA~TA nikAlane ko ceSTA karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai / bAyeM paira para khar3I isa AkRti kA zArIrika santulana prazaMsanIya hone ke sAtha hI AkarSaka bhI hai| dAhine pairoM ke talave meM spaSTataH kA~Te kA kucha nikalA huA bhAga bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai / apsarA ke pairoM ke samIpa hI thailA laTakAye eka puruSa AkRti khar3I hai jo saMbhavataH kA~TA nikAlane vAle nApita kI AkRti hai / apsarA ke mukha para kA~TA cubhane kI pIr3A kA bhAva bhI sundara DhaMga se vyakta huA hai| dUsare udAharaNa meM apsarA ko apane uThe hue dAhine paira kI ora saMketa karate dikhAyA gayA hai| kezoM se jala nicor3atI huI apsarA mUrtiyoM meM kezoM ko kAphI lambA aura kaTi ke nIce taka laTakatA dikhAyA gayA hai| apsarAoM kI grIvA aura keza patale aura lambe hai| garbhagRha kI mUrtiyA~ maNDapa kI apekSA adhika sundara aura surakSita haiN| ina mUrtiyoM meM u~galiyA~ kamI to choTI aura kabhI kAphI laMbI aura patalI dikhAyI gayI haiN| kAjala lagAtI huyI AkRti meM sAmAnyataH donoM A~khoM ko barAbara khulA dikhAyA gayA hai jo svAbhAvika nahIM hai / kAjala lagAte samaya donoM AMkheM sAmAnyataH khulI nahIM raha sktii| maNDapa kI kAjala lagAto huI apsarA mUrti ke samIpa hI bAyeM pArzva meM kaMdhe para thailA laTakAye (prasAdhana-peTikA) eka puruSa AkRti khar3I hai / maNDapa kI uttarI bhitti kI mahAvara racAtI huI mUrti meM apsarA ke hAtha meM eka lambI zalAkA dikhAyI gayI hai jo mahAvara racAne kI prArambhika sthiti kA

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khajurAho kI jaina kalA 31 sUcaka hai | para dakSiNI bhitti kI mUrti meM apsarA ko mahAvara racAte hue dikhAyA gayA hai aura usake dakSiNa pArzva meM eka puruSa AkRti isa bhAva ke sAtha darpaNa liye khar3I hai mAno vaha apsarA ko darpaNa meM apanA saundarya nihArane kA nimaMtraNa de rahI hai / maNDapa ke dakSiNI bhitti kI premI ko patra likhatI huyI apsarA mUrti ke bAyeM hAtha meM eka patra hai jabaki dAhine hAtha kI do u~galiyA~ khulI aura nIce kI ora saMketa karatI huyI haiM / samIpa hI eka puruSa AkRti masipAtra ke sAtha pradarzita hai / masipAtra meM hI lekhanI DUbI huyI hai / lekhana ko udyata apsarA dvArA puruSa se lekhanI mA~gane aura puruSa dvArA lekhanI ko masipAtra se nikAlane ke bhAva kI dRSTi se yaha atyanta asAdhAraNa mUrti hai / ullekhanIya hai ki apsarA mUrtiyoM ke sAtha kI puruSa AkRtiyA~ AkAra meM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se choTI haiM jo apsarA mUrtiyoM ke mahatva kA saMketa detI haiM / maNDapa kI dakSiNI bhitti para apsarA kI eka aisI mUrti hai jo paMjoM para ucakakara mAno dIvAra para citra banA rahI ho / mahAmaNDapa aura antarAla kI chatoM para puSpa aura jyAmitIya alaMkaraNa tathA stambhoM para kIcakoM kI dvibhuja, caturbhuja aura SaDbhuja tathA nAga AkRtiyA~ haiM / kIcakoM ko samAnyataH do hAthoM se staMbhoM ko sahArA dete hue dikhAyA gayA hai / caturbhuja hone para atirikta do hAthoM meM sAmAnyataH phala evaM abhaya mudrA pradarzita haiM / kIcakoM ke do hAthoM meM kabhI-kabhI lambI mAlA aura zeSa do meM gadA aura phala yA lambA khaDga bhI dikhAye gaye haiN| kIcakoM ko sadA ur3ane kI mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai aura unake gardana tathA peTa ke madhya kA bhAga paryApta laMbA aura asvAbhAvika hai / SaDbhuja hone para do atirikta hAthoM meM sAmAnyataH zaMkha dikhAyA gayA hai / eka staMbha para SaDbhuja nArI kIcaka kI AkRti bhI banI hai / nAga AkRtiyoM meM kaTi ke Upara kA bhAga sarpAkAra hai aura unake sira ke Upara tIna yA pAMca sarpaphagoM kA chatra pradarzita hai / dahalIjoM para donoM ora gaja aura siMha kI yoddhA kI bhI AkRtiyA~ haiM / garbhagRha ke caturbhuja mUrtiyAM haiM / bAyIM ora kI do ardhamaNDapa aura garbhagRha ke praveza dvAra kI yuddharata AkRtiyA~ banI haiM jinake bIca meM khaDgadhArI praveza-dvAra para do ora gajalakSmI aura sarasvatI kI jase abhiSikta lakSmI AkRti ke hAthoM meM abhaya mudrA, sanAla - padma (do meM) aura jalapAtra haiM / lalita - mudrA meM AsIna sarasvatI ko do hAthoM se vINA vAdana karate huye dikhAyA gayA hai / uttaraMga para navagrahoM kI sthAnaka AkRtiyA~ haiM jinake Upara tIrthaMkara pUjana kA dRzya hai / dvArazAkhAoM para vAdyavAdana aura nRtya karatI huyI AkRtiyoM ke atirikta AliMganabaddha strI-puruSa yugaloM kI bhI 18 AkRtiyA~ haiM / dvAra para makaravAhinI gaMgA aura kUrmavAhinI yamunA kI kalazadhArI AkRtiyAM haiN| nicale bhAga para vaiSNava lakSaNoM vAlI caturbhuja dvArapAloM ko mUrtiyA~ haiM / kirITa-mukuTa aura kaustubha se alaMkRta dvArapAloM ke tIna surakSita hAthoM meM cakra, zaMkha aura gadA haiM / ardhamaNDapa ke praveza dvAra para bhI garbhagRha ke praveza dvAra ke samAna hI alaMkaraNa aura zilpAMkana haiM | uttaraMga para navagrahoM tathA nRtya aura saMgIta se saMbaMdhita AkRtiyA~ tathA lalATabiba meM cakrezvarI kI mUrti haiM / dahalIja para bhI vAdya vAdakoM sahita nRtyAMganAoM kI AkRtiyAM

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hara khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva banIM haiN| dvAra-zAkhAoM para strI-puruSa yugaloM kI 18 mUrtiyAM haiM jinameM unheM adhikAMzataH vArtAlApa kI mudrA meM yA AliMganabaddha darzAyA gayA hai| inameM samAja ke vibhinna vargoM kI AkRtiyAM haiN| mandira ke vibhinna bhAgoM para nRtya aura saMgIta tathA zikSA aura sAmAnya janajIvana se saMbaMdhita vibhinna dRzya haiM jo ullAsamaya jIvana ke prati logoM kI AsthA ke sAkSI haiM / nRtya aura saMgIta se saMbaMdhita dRzyoM meM sAmAnyataH do yA adhika pArzvavartI vAdyavAdakoM ke sAtha eka strI ko nRtya kI mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai| inameM adhikAMzataH nagAr3A, maMjIrA yA veNu vAdakoM kI mUrtiyAM haiM / kucha udAharaNoM meM nartakoM kI bhI AkRtiyAM dekhI jA sakatI haiM / ina udAharaNoM meM pairoM, hAthoM aura mukhamudrA se nRtya kI vibhinna ceSTAoM kA atyanta svAbhAvika aura gatizIla rUpa prakaTa huA hai / pazcimI bhitti para eka puruSa AkRti ko atyanta svAbhAvika rUpa meM eka hAtha kAna para rakhakara U~ce svara meM gAne kI mudrA meM dikhalAyA gayA hai / sAmAnya gharelU dRzyoM meM uttarI zikhara ko mUrti mahatvapUrNa hai / isameM eka puruSa AkRti ke samakSa donoM hAtha jor3akara darpaNa dekhatI huI eka strI AkRti baiThI hai / jaina sAdhuoM ke aMkana adhikAMzataH zikhara para haiN| dakSiNI bhitti para zmazruyukta sAdhu kI eka AkRti hai jisake samakSa eka kSINakAya AkRti baiThI hai| yaha saMbhavataH sAdhu dvArA puruSa AkRti ko kucha samajhAne kA dRzya hai / isI prakAra ke dRzya pUrvI aura pazcimI zikhara para bhI haiN| pazcimI zikhara ke dRzya meM jaina aura brAhmaNa sAdhuoM ke bIca zAstrArtha kA aMkana hai / dakSiNI zikhara ke eka dRzya meM eka jaina sAdhu ke samakSa upadeza zravaNa karatI huI kucha AkRtiyAM baiThI haiM / mandira ke maNDapa tathA garbhagRha kI bhittiyoM evaM zikhara para jinoM kI bhI kaI mUrtiyAM haiM / maNDapa aura zikhara kI jina mUrtiyoM meM lAMchana aura yakSa-yakSI nahIM utkIrNa haiM, ataH jinoM kI pahacAna saMbhava nahIM hai| inameM siMhAsana, trichatra, cAmaradhArI sevaka evaM gaja AkRtiyoM se yukta mUlanAyakoM ke sAtha parikara meM laghu jina mUrtiyAM bhI banI haiM / garbhagRha kI bhitti kI jina mUrtiyAM lAMchana, aSTaprAtihArya aura yakSa-yakSI kI AkRtiyoM se yukta haiN| inameM jinoM ko nau mUrtiyoM ke atirikta bAhubalI kI bhI eka mUrti hai| tIrthaMkaroM ko dhyAnastha aura kAyotsarga donoM hI mudrAoM meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke yakSa-yakSI sAmAnyataH abhayamudrA (yA padma) aura phala (yA jalakalaza) se yukta haiN| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha pAraMparika yakSa-yakSo yugaloM ke sthAna para sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana huA hai| nau meM se kevala cAra hI tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchana spaSTa haiM jinake AdhAra para unakI pahacAna abhinandana (kapi), puSpadanta (makara), candraprabha (zazi) evaM mahAvIra (siMha) se kI jA sakatI hai| garbhagRha meM pArzvanAtha aura supArzvanAtha kI AkRtiyoM se veSTita RSabhanAtha kI vizAla mUrti hai / maNDapa meM cAroM ora tIrthaMkaroM, jaina yugala evaM abikA kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| mandira meM ambikA kI kula tIna mUrtiyA~ haiM, jinameM se do maNDapa kI dakSiNI bhitti evaM zikhara tathA eka maNDapa kI bhItarI dovAra meM haiM / do udAharaNoM meM ambikA caturbhujA aura eka meM dvibhujA haiM / maNDapa kI uttarI aura dakSiNI bhitti para caturbhujA lakSmI kI bhI tIna

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khajurAho kI jaina kalA mUrtiyA~ haiN| adhiSThAna kI rathikAoM meM sarasvatI kI do lalitAsIna mUrtiyA~ haiN| sarasvatI kI tIna anya mUrtiyA~ garbhagRha tathA pazcima ke saMyukta jinAlaya ke uttaraMgoM para bhI haiM / lakSmI aura sarasvatI ke atirikta mandira meM brahmANI kI bhI tIna mUrtiyA~ haiM jinameM brahmANI trimukha aura caturbhujA haiN| unarI bhitti ke rathikA bimba meM tribhaMga meM khar3I brahmANI ke cAroM hAtha khaMDita haiM / ullekhanIya hai ki lakSmI, sarasvatI evaM brAhmaNI kI rathikA mUrtiyoM meM parikara meM choTI tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ bhI utkIrNa kI gaI haiN| brahmANI kI do anya choTI mUrtiyA~ ardhamaNDapa ke uttaraMga ke choroM para banI haiM / haMsavAhana vAlI devI lalitamudrA meM AsIna haiM aura unake karoM meM bIjapUraka (yA abhaya-mudrA), zakti, pustaka aura kamaNDalu haiM / mandira kramAMka 12 isa mandira meM mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM AdinAtha kI vizAla manohArI pratimA (5' 11' x 3' 2") pratiSThita hai| vRSabha-lAMchana se yukta tIrthaMkara dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna haiM / RSabhanAtha ke sAtha pAramparika jaTA-mukuTa aura laTeM pradarzita nahIM haiN| para siMhAsana choroM para caturbhujA garuDavAhanA cakrezvarI yakSI tathA pasaMdhArI sarvAla yakSa evaM dharmacakra ke donoM ora vRSabha-lAMchana kA aMkana spaSTa hai / yaha mUrti khajurAho kI sabase bar3I dhyAnastha mUrti hai| isa mUrti meM parikara kA atyanta vistRta rUpa meM aMkana milatA hai| alaMkRta prabhAmaNDala se zobhita mUrti meM mUlanAyaka ke mukha para gambhIra cintana kA bhAva spaSTa hai / parikara meM kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM tathA bAdaloM kI pRSThabhUmi meM AkAzagAmI gandharva yugaloM kA aMkana ullekhanIya hai / mUlanAyaka kI keza-racanA vizeSa AkarSaka hai| mandira kramAMka 13 mandira meM mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM zreyAMzanAtha kI kAyotsarga pratimA (2' 7' x 1' 7') pratiSThita hai| isa pratimA kI bAyIM ora vikrama samvat 2037 (25 janavarI 1981 I0) kI bAhubalI kI eka mUrti sthApita hai / zreyAMzanAtha ke dakSiNa-pArzva meM kUrmalAMchana vAlI munisuvrata kI kAyotsarga mUrti hai| mandira kramAMka 14 mandira ke madhya meM tIrthakara kI lAMchanayukta mUrti hai| isa mUrti ke bAyIM ora siMhalAMchanayukta mahAvIra kI mUrti hai| dAhinI ora bhI tIrthaMkara kI eka mUrti hai| para lAMchana yahA~ spaSTa nahIM hai / uparyukta tInoM mUrtiyA~ kAyotsarga-mudrA meM haiM aura do udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI bhI bane haiN| mandira kramAMka 15 isa mandira meM neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI 11 vIM zatI I0 kI tritIrthI mUrti (2' 3" x 1' 7") sthApita hai / sabhI tIrthaMkara kAyotsarga-mudrA meM haiN| adhamaNDapa ke bAhara gaja AkRtiyA~ banI haiM / ye AkRtiyA~ atyanta alaMkRta aura prabhAvotpAdaka haiN|

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva mandira kramAMka 16 isa mandira meM 11 vIM zatI I0 kI vRSabha-lAMchana vAlI AdinAtha kI dhyAnastha mUrti (2' x 1' 4') hai / tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI ke rUpa meM sarvAla aura cakrezvarI AmUrtita haiM / ghaNTaI mandira : ___ jaina mandira samUha ke parakoTe se bAhara gA~va ke dakSiNa meM yaha mandira sthita hai| stambhoM para utkIrNa jhUlatI huI ghaNTiyoM aura kSudra ghaNTikAoM ke kAraNa isa mandira kA nAma ghaNTaI pdd'aa| ghaNTaI nAma sambhavataH mandira ke nirmANakAla meM hI prApta ho gayA thA, jo khajurAho ke purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya kI kucha mUrtiyoM para ghaNTaI zabda ke utkIrNana se spaSTa hai / zRMkhalA aura ghaNToM ke sundara rUpAMkana vAle ye stambha madhyabhArata ke sarvotkRSTa stambhoM meM haiN| pUrvAbhimukha mandira yadyapi paryApta khaNDita hai kintu avaziSTa bhAga yaha darzAtA hai ki yojanA meM yaha mandira pArzvanAtha mandira ke samAna aura bhavyatA aura vizAlatA meM usase bar3hakara thA / vistAra meM pArzvanAtha mandira se yaha lagabhaga dugunA thaa| vartamAna meM isa mandira ke kevala ardhamaNDapa aura mahAmaNDapa hI zeSa haiN| inameM se pratyeka maNDapa kI samatala tathA alaMkRta cAra stambhoM para AdhArita haiN| stambhoM ke vRttAoM ke bhItara jaina AcAryoM, vidyAdharoM aura mithuna yugaloM kI akRtiyA~ haiN| kRSNadeva ne sthApatya, mUrtikalA aura lipi sambandhI sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para ghaNTaI mandira ko 10 vIM zatI I0 ke anta kA nirmANa mAnA hai|' mandira ke mahAmaNDapa ke uttaraMga para lalATabimba meM aSTabhuja cakrezvarI kI mUrti hai, jo isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki mandira AdinAtha ko samarpita thaa| uttaraMga para dvibhuja navagrahoM aura gomukha aSTa vasuoM kI bhI sthAnaka mUrtiyA~ haiN| bar3erI para 16 mAMgalika svapnoM tathA dvArazAkhAoM para makaravAhinI gaMgA aura kUrmavAhinI yamunA kI tribhaMga mUtiyA~ haiN| ardhamaNDapa kI chata tathA maNDapa ke stambhoM para tIrthaMkaroM evaM jaina AcAryoM kI mUrtiyA~ banI haiN| jaina AcAryoM ko sAmAnyataH zAstrArtha tathA vyAkhyAna kI mudrA meM pustikA ke sAtha dikhAyA gayA hai / vitAna ke eka dRzya meM eka nirvastra jaina AcArya ko vyAkhyAna mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai aura usake samakSa namaskAra mudrA meM eka strI AkRti khar3I hai| eka udAharaNa meM zmazruyukta brAhmaNa sAdhu jaina AcArya ke samakSa namaskAra mudrA meM dikhAye gaye haiM / 1. kRSNadeva "di Tempulsa Ava khajurAho ina seNTrala iNDiyA", pR0 60; kRSNadeva, jaina ArTa eNDa ArkiTekcara, khaNDa-2, pR0 280-84; jaina, balabhadra, pUrva nirdiSTa, pu0 133-34; jannAsa, I0, pUrva nirdiSTa, pR0 141 /

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adhyAya-3 jaina devakula prAcIna bhAratIya kalA tattvataH dhArmika rahI hai / phalataH dharma yA sampradAya vizeSa meM hone vAle parivartanoM ne zilpa kI viSayavastu ko bhI prabhAvita kiyA / isI dRSTi se khajurAho kI jaina mUrtiyoM ke adhyayana ke pUrva jaina devakula ke svarUpa kI jAnakArI bhI Avazyaka hai / prastuta adhyayana ke AdhAra para hI isa bAta kA Akalana kiyA jA sakegA ki khajurAho kI jaina mUrtiyoM ke nirUpaNa meM kisa sImA taka pAramparika aura zAstrIya nirdezoM kA pAlana huA hai / 24 tIrthaMkaroM yA jinoM kI dhAraNA jaina dharma kI dhurI rahI hai / jaina devakula ke anya sabhI devatA kisI na kisI rUpa meM tIrthaMkaroM se unake sahAyaka devoM ke rUpa meM sambaddha rahe haiM / tIrthaMkaroM ko devAdhideva bhI kahA gayA hai / karma tathA vAsanA para vijaya prApti ke kAraNa inheM jina (vijetA) aura kaivalya prApti ke bAda sAdhu-sAdhviyoM evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke sammilita tIrtha kI sthApanA ke kAraNa tIrthaMkara kahA gayA / pratyeka avasarpiNI evaM utsarpiNI yugoM meM kramazaH 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI kalpanA kI gayI / vartamAna avasarpiNI yuga ke 24 tIrthaMkaroM meM kevala antima do -- pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra ( yA vardhamAna ) hI aitihAsika vyakti mAne gaye haiM / 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI prArambhika sUcI samavAyAMga sUtra', bhagavatI sUtra, kalpasUtra e, catuvizati - stava evaM paumacariya meM hai / 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI sUcI IsavI san ke prArambha ke pUrva hI niyata ho gayI thI / isa sUcI meM RSabhanAtha, ajitanAtha, sambhavanAtha, abhinanda, sumatinAtha, padmaprabha, supArzvanAtha, candraprabha, suvidhinAtha ( puSpadanta ), zItalanAtha, zreyAMzanAtha, vAsupUjya, vimalanAtha, anantanAtha, dharmanAtha, zAntinAtha, aranAtha, kuMthunAtha, mallinAtha, munisuvrata, naminAtha, neminAtha (ariSTanemi ), pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra (vardhamAna ) ke nAma milate haiM / kuSANa kAla meM mathurA meM RSabhanAtha, sambhavanAtha, munisuvrata, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI mUrtiyA~ bhI banane lagI thIM / jaina devakula meM 63 zalAkA yA uttama puruSoM kI kalpanA bhI gayI hai / inameM 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke atirikta 12 cakravartI ( bharata, sAgara, maghavA, sanatkumAra, zAnti, kuMthu, ara, susUma, padma, hariSeNa, jayasena, brahmadatta), 9 baladeva (acala, vijaya, bhadra, suprabha, sudarzana, Ananda, nandana, padma yA rAma, balarAma ), 9 vAsudeva ( tripRSTha, dvipRSTha, svayambhU, puruSottama, puruSasiMha, puruSapuNDarIka, datta, nArAyaNa yA lakSmaNa, kRSNa) aura 9 prativAsudeva ( azvagrIva, tAraka, meraka, 1. samavAyAMga sUtra 157 // 2. kalpasUtra 2, 184-203 / 3. paumacariya ( vimalasUri kRta - 4 13 I0), 1.1 - 7, 5.145 -48 /

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36 khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva nizumbha, madhukaiTabha, bali, prahlAda, rAvaNa, jarAsandha) sammilita haiN|' 63 zalAkA puruSoM kI vistRta sUcI paumacariya, mahApurANa (jinasena evaM guNabhadrakRta-AThavIM-navIM zatI I0) evaM trizaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra (hemacandrakRta-12 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha) meM milatI hai / jaina zilpa meM sabhI 63 zalAkA puruSoM kA nirUpaNa nahIM huaa| hameM 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke atirikta balarAma, kRSNa, rAma aura bharata cakravartI kI hI mUrtiyA~ milatI haiN| balarAma aura kRSNa ko neminAtha kI matiyoM ke parikara meM aura sAtha hI svatantra rUpa meM bhI dikhAyA gayA / paumacariya meM rAma aura rAvaNa tathA bharata cakravartI aura uttarAdhyayana sUtra, harivaMza purANa, uttara purANa evaM trizaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM balarAma aura kRSNa se sambandhita vistRta ullekha haiM / AThavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya 63 zalAkA puruSoM ke jIvana se sambandhita kaI zvetAmbara aura digambara granthoM kI racanA huI, jinameM kahAvalI (bhadrezvara kRta-AThavIM zatII0) aura tiloyapaNNatti (yativRSabha kRta-la0 AThavIM zatI I0), mahApurANa evaM trizaSTizalAkA puruSacaritra mukhya haiN| khajurAho meM 63 zalAkA puruSoM meM se kevala tIrthaMkaroM tathA rAma, kRSNa aura balarAma kI hI mUrtiyA~ banoM / la0 chaThI se 10 vIM zatI I0 ke madhya kA kAla dhArmika itihAsa kI dRSTi se saMkramaNa kAla thA / isa avadhi meM anya dharmoM evaM kalAoM ke samAna jaina dharma aura kalA meM bhI navIna pravattiyA~ evaM tAntrika prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai / tAntrika prabhAva ke phalasvarUpa jaina devatAoM kI saMkhyA tathA jainoM ke dhArmika kRtyoM meM tIvra gati se vRddhi huii| isa avadhi meM vibhinna pratimAlAkSaNika granthoM kI racanA ke phalasvarUpa kalA meM zAstrIya paramparA ke nirvAha kI bAdhyatA se kalA meM yAntrikatA kA bhAva bhI prakaTa huaa| prArambhika jaina granthoM ke avagAhana se jJAta hotA hai ki pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke anta taka jaina devakula kA mUlasvarUpa kAphI kucha nirdhArita ho cukA thaa| ina granthoM meM tIrthaMkaroM tathA anya zalAkA puruSoM evaM yakSa-yakSiyoM, vidyAoM, sarasvatI, lakSmI, balarAma, kRSNa, naigameSI, lokapAla (indra, varuNa, kubera, yama Adi) tathA lokadharma meM pracalita devoM yathA, rudra, ziva, skanda, vAsudeva, vaizramaNa yA kubera, gandharva, pitara, nAga, bhUta, kIrti, ajjApArvatI yA AryA ke nAmollekha tathA pratimAlakSaNa se sambandhita kucha prArambhika ullekha hai / Age kI zatAbdiyoM (la0 chaThI se 10vIM zatI I0) meM ina devatAoM ke pratimAlAkSaNika svarUpoM meM aura adhika vikAsa huaa| sAtha hI kucha navIna devatAoM ko bhI jaina devakula meM sammilita kiyA gyaa| madhyayuga meM jaina devakUla ke 1. paumacariya 5.145-57 / 2. samavAyAMga sUtra meM yadyapi 24 jinoM, 12 cakravartI, 9 baladeva, 9 vAsudeva evaM 9 prati vAsudeva ke nAmollekhya haiM, para uttama puruSoM kI saMkhyA kevala 54 hI batAyI gayI hai| sambhavataH 9 prativAsudevoM ko prArambha meM uttama puruSoM kI sUcI meM mAnyatA nahIM mila sakI thii| 3. zAha, yU0 pI0, sTaDIja ina jaina ArTa, vArANasI, 1955, pRSTha 16 /

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jaina devakula 24 tIrthaMkaroM evaM anya zalAkA puruSoM ke sAtha hI 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke yakSa-yakSI yugaloM, 16 mahAvidyAoM, navagrahoM, aSTadikpAloM, kSetrapAla, gaNeza, sarasvatI, lakSmI, zAntidevI, 64 yoginI, brahmazAnti evaM kapadi yakSoM, bAhubalI, bharata cakravartI tathA jinoM ke mAtA-pitA kA nirUpaNa huaa|' la0 AThavIM-navIM zatI I0 taka 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchana nirdhArita hue, jinakI prAcInatama sUcI tiloyapaNNatti evaM pravacanasAroddhAra meM upalabdha haiN|2 mUrtiyoM meM tIrthaMkara-lAMchana kA aMkana guptakAla meM prArambha huA jisake prArambhika udAharaNa rAjagira ( neminAtha mUrti ) aura vArANasI (mahAvIra mUrti, bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI, kramAMka 161) meM haiM / AThavIM zatI I0 ke bAda se tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ke sAtha lAMchanoM kA niyamita aMkana hone lgaa| ___ la0 chaThI zatI I0 meM tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha zAsanadevatAoM ke rUpa meM yakSa-yakSI yugaloM ko sambaddha kiyA gayA / yakSa-yakSI tIrthaMkaroM ke sevaka aura upAsaka deva haiM, jo jinasaMghoM kI rakSA karate haiN| tIrthakara mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI kA nirUpaNa chaThI zatI I0 meM prArambha huA, jisakA prArambhikatama udAharaNa akoTA kI RSabha mUrti ( bar3audA saMgrahAlaya ) hai / " isa mUrti meM yakSa aura yakSI sarvAla ( sarvAnubhUti yA kubera ) aura ambikA haiN| la0 AThavIM-navIM zatI I0 taka 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke svatantra yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kI sUcI bhI bana gayI tathA 11 vIM-12 vIM zatI I0 meM unake lakSaNa nizcita hue / jaina sthaloM para kevala yakSiyoM ke ho sAmUhika aMkana ke udAharaNa haiM / ye udAharaNa kevala digambara sthaloM para hI milate haiM / 24 yakSiyoM kI sAmUhika mUrtiyoM ke udAharaNa devagar3ha (lalitapura, u0pra0) ke zAntinAtha mandira (mandira-12, 862 I0) evaM khaNDagiri (purI, ur3IsA) kI bArabhujI guphA (11vIM-12vIM zatI I0) meM haiM / madhyapradeza meM satanA sthita patiyAnadAI mandira kI ambikA mUrti ( 11 vIM zatI I0 ) ke parikara meM bhI 24 yakSiyoM ko AkRtiyA~ banI haiN|' devagar3ha aura patiyAnadAI ke udAharaNoM meM yakSiyoM kI AkRtiyoM ke nIce unake nAma bhI utkIrNa haiM, jo adhikAMzataH digambara paramparA ke granthoM se sAmya rakhate haiN| yakSa-yakSiyoM ke bAda vidyAdeviyoM ko jainakalA meM sarvAdhika mahatva milA / Agama granthoM evaM paumacariya meM vidyAdeviyoMke prArambhika ullekha haiN| vasudevahiNDI, harivaMzapurANa (783 I0), 1. kevala devatAoM ke pratimAlAkSaNika svarUpoM aura kabhI-kabhI nAmoM ke sandarbha meM bhinnatA dRSTigata hotI hai| 2. tiloyapaNNatti 4.604-05: pravacanasAroddhAra 381-82 / 3. zAha, yU0 pI0, "iMTroDakzana oNpha zAsanadevatAja ina jaina vazipa', prosIDiMgsa aiNDa TrAnjekzana oriyanTala kAnphreMsa, 20 vA~ adhivezana, 1968, pR0 141-43 / 4. harivaMzapurANa 65. 43-45; tiloyapaNNatti 4. 936 / 5. zAha, yU0 pI0, akoTA bronjeja, bambaI, 1959, pR0 28-29 / 6. tiloyapaNNatti, kahAvalI evaM pravacanasAroddhAra / 7. nirvANakalikA, vizaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra evaM pratiSThAsArasaMgraha (digambara ) / 8. yaha mUrti samprati ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya meM hai /

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva trizaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra tathA anya granthoM meM aneka vidyAdeviyoM ke nAmollekha milate haiM / ' sarvaprathama bappabhaTTisUri kI caturviMzatikA ( 743 - 838 I0 ) meM hI tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha yakSiyoM ke sthAna para vidyAoM, sarasvatI evaM kucha udAharaNoM meM yakSiyoM ke svarUpa nirUpita hue haiM / aneka vidyAoMmeM se 16 pramukha vidyAoM ko lekara 16 mahAvidyAoM kI sUcI banI / 16 mahAvidyAoM kI prArambhika sUcI tijayapahutti ( mAnavadevasUri kRta, 9 vIM zatI I0 ), saMhitAsAra ( indranandI kRta, 939 I0) evaM stuticaturviMzatikA ( yA zobhanastuti, zobhanamuni la0 973 I0 ) meM upalabdha hai / mahAvidyAoM ke lAkSaNika svarUpa sarvaprathama navIM - 10 vIM zatI I0 meM niyata hue / bappabhaTTi kI caturviMzatikA aura zobhanamuni kI stuticaturviMzatikA meM mahAvidyAoM ke lAkSaNika svarUpoM ke prArambhika ullekha milate haiM / la0 AThavIM zatI I0 ke anta yA navIM zatI ke pUrvArddha se ina mahAvidyAoM ko mandiroM para bhI AkArita kiyA gayA, jisake prArambhika udAharaNa osiyA~ ( jodhapura, rAjasthAna ) ke mahAvIra evaM khajurAho ke AdinAtha mandiroM para haiM / kRta, 38 madhyayuga meM rAma aura kRSNa ke atirikta bharata aura bAhubalI ke bhI vistRta ullekha prApta hote haiM / devagar3ha, bilharI aura khajurAho ke digambara sthaloM para ina zalAkApuruSoM ko rUpAMkita bhI kiyA gayA / khajurAho, devagar3ha evaM kucha anya sthaloM para paMcaparameSThI, jaina AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM sAdhuoM tathA jinoM ke mAtA-pitA, dikpAla, navagraha, kSetrapAla, zAntidevI 3, gaNeza, brahmazAnti evaM karpAdda yakSoM Adi kI bhI aneka mUrtiyA~ banIM / 1. harivaMzapurANa 22. 61-66 / 2. jaina granthoM meM AkAza aura pAtAla ko sammilita kara 10 dikpAloM kI sUcI dI gayI hai, kintu ghaNerava ( rAjasthAna ) ke mahAvIra mandira ke atirikta anya sabhI jaina sthaloM para 10 ke sthAna para kevala ATha dikpAloM kA hI Alekhana huA hai / 3. jaina dharma evaM saMgha kI saMrakSikAdevI ke rUpa meM 9vIM - 10vIM zatI I0 meM zvetAmbara sthaloM para zAntidevI kI prabhUta mUrtiyA~ bniiN| jina mUrtiyoM ke siMhAsana para bhI abhaya-yA varadamudrA, padma ( yA pustaka) aura phala se yukta zAntidevI kA anekazaH aMkana huA hai| vAstuvidyA ke jina parikara lakSaNa se sambandhita adhyAya meM padma dhAraNa karane vAlI tathA jina siMhAsana ke madhya meM AsIna devI ko Adizakti nAma diyA gayA hai ( 22. 10-12 ) / khajurAho kI bhI kucha jina mUrtiyoM meM siMhAsana ke madhya meM zAntidevI nirUpita haiM / 4. gaNeza kevala zvetAmbara sthaloM para hI rUpAMkita hue | jaina gaNeza kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAe~ 5. pUrI taraha brAhmaNa gaNeza se prabhAvita haiM / gajamukha evaM lambodara tathA mUSaka para ArUr3ha gaNeza ke karoM meM abhaya aura varadamudrA, svadanta, parazu, modakapAtra, padma evaM aMkuza dikhAye gaye haiM / osiyA~ kI devakulikAoM tathA kumbhAriyA ke neminAtha mandira para gaNeza kI kaI mUrtiyA~ haiM / brahmazAnti aura karpA, yakSoM kA nirUpaNa kevala zvetAmbara granthoM meM hI huA hai / sambhavataH isI kAraNa digambara sthaloM para inakI mUrtiyA~ nahIM banIM /

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adhyAya-4 tIrthaMkara yA jina mUtiyA~ sAmAnya vikAsa jaina devakula meM tIrthaMkaroM yA jinoM ko sarvAdhika pratiSThA prApta hai| hemacandra ne inheM devAdhideva bhI kahA hai| kalA meM sarvaprathama jinoM kI hI mUrtiyA~ bniiN| prAcInatama jina mUrti la0 tIsarI zatI I0 pU0 kI hai| yaha mUrti lohAnIpura (paTanA, bihAra) se milI hai aura samprati paTanA saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai / jaina paraMparA meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke alaga-alaga lAMchana evaM yakSa-yakSI yugala batAe gae haiN| lAMchanoM aura yakSa-yakSiyoM tathA pIThikA lekhoM ke AdhAra para hI jina mUrtiyoM ko pahacAnA gayA hai| gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM lAMchanoM ke sthAna para pIThikA lekhoM meM jinoM ke nAmollekha kI paraMparA adhika lokapriya thii| kalA meM svatantra jina mUrtiyoM ke sAtha hI unakI dvitIrthI, tritIrthI, caumukhI aura caubIsI mUrtiyA~ bhI bniiN| jina mUrtiyA~ kevala do hI mudrAoM meM banIM, yA to unheM dhyAna-mudrA meM donoM paira mor3akara aura donoM hAthoM kI khulI hatheliyoM ko goda meM rakhe hue AsIna yA phira donoM hAtha laMbavat nIce laTakAye kAyotsarga (yA khaDgAsana) meM khar3A nirUpita kiyA gayA / lohAnIpura kI prAcInatama mUrti meM tIrthaMkara nirvastra aura kAyotsarga-mudrA meM haiM / ' yahIM se zuMga kAla yA kucha bAda kI eka anya mUrti bhI milI hai| la0 pahalI zatI I0 pU0 yA kucha bAda kI do anya kAyotsarga mUrtiyA~ priMsa Apha velsa saMgrahAlaya, bambaI aura paTanA saMgrahAlaya meM haiM / paTanA saMgrahAlaya kI mUrti causA (bhojapura, bihAra) se milI hai / 2 donoM hI udAharaNoM meM pArzvanAtha kAyotsarga meM nirvastra khar3e haiM aura unake sira para pA~ca yA sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra haiM / ina prArambhika jina mUrtiyoM ke vakSasthala para zrIvatsa cihna nahIM hai / jinoM ke vakSasthala meM zrIvatsa cihna kA aMkana sarvaprathama pahalI zatI I0 pU0 meM mathurA meM prAraMbha huA aura usake bAda kI sabhI jina mUrtiyoM meM yaha abhinna lakSaNa ke rUpa meM pradarzita huaa| vastutaH zrIvatsa cihna jina mUrtiyoM kI pahacAna kA mukhya AdhAra hai| la. pahalI zatI I0 pU0 meM hI mathurA ke 1. jAyasavAla, ke0 pI0, "jaina imeja oNpha maurya pIriyaDa", jarnala bihAra, ur3IsA risarca ___ sosAiTI, khaM0 23, bhAga-1, 1937, pR0 130-32 / 2. zAha, yU0 pI0, sTaDIja ina jaina ArTa, pR0 89, prasAda, eca0 ke0, "jaina bronjeja ina di paTanA myUjima', mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya golDena jubilI vAlyUma, baMbaI, 1968, pR0 275-80 / 3. dakSiNa bhArata kI bAdAmI, ayahola, elorA evaM kucha anya sthaloM se prApta jina mUrtiyA~ isakI apavAda haiN|

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40 khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva AyAgapaToM para sarvaprathama jinoM kA dhyAna-mudrA meM aMkana prArambha huaa| aise eka udAharaNa meM dhyAnastha tIrthaMkara ke sira para sAta sarpaphaNoM kA chatra bhI banA hai jo pArzvanAtha kA lakSaNa hai / isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki jina mUrtiyoM meM sarvaprathama pArzvanAtha kA hI vaiziSTya spaSTa huA / pAvaMnAtha ke bAda RSabhanAtha ke lakSaNa niyata hue / mathurA meM pahalI zatI I0 meM skaMdhoM para laTakatI huI jaTAoM vAlI RSabhanAtha kI kaI mUrtiyA~ bniiN| - jaina pratimAvijJAna, vizeSataH jina pratimAoM ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se kuSANa kAla kA vizeSa mahatva hai| pahalI-dUsarI zatI I0 ke madhya mathurA meM jinoM kI svatantra mUrtiyoM ke sAtha hI unake jIvana se sambandhita dRzyAMkana bhI utkIrNa hue| RSabhanAtha evaM pArzvanAtha ke atirikta mathurA meM saMbhavanAtha, munisuvrata, neminAtha evaM mahAvIra kI bhI mUrtiyA~ banIM / neminAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM balarAma evaM kRSNa kA aMkana huaa| RSabhanAtha, neminAtha aura pArzvanAtha ke atirikta anya jinoM ko kevala pIThikA lekhoM ke AdhAra para hI pahacAnA gayA hai| mathurA ke atirikta causA se bhI RSabhanAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI kuSANa kAlIna mUrtiyAM milI haiM / kuSANakAla meM mathurA meM hI sarvaprathama jina mUrtiyoM meM prAtihAryoM, dharmacakra, mAMgalika cihnoM evaM upAsakoM Adi kA utkIrNana prArambha huaa| mathurA meM ATha prAtihAryoM meM se kevala sAta (siMhAsana, prabhAmaNDala, cAmaradhara sevaka, uDDImAna mAlAdhara, chatra, caityavRkSa evaM divya dhvani) hI pradarzita hae / jinoM kI hatheliyoM, taluoM evaM u~galiyoM para dharmacakra, zrIvatsa aura virala jaise mAMgalika cihna bhI utkIrNa haiM / kucha udAharaNoM meM pArzvanAtha ke sarpaphaNoM para bhI ye cihna bane haiN| kuSANa kAla meM jina caumukhI (pratimA sarvatobhadrikA) kA nirmANa prArambha huA jinameM cAroM ora cAra jinoM kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyA~ bniiN| cAra jinoM meM se kevala RSabhanAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI hI pahacAna saMbhava hai / kuSANa kAla meM hI RSabhanAtha ke jIvana se sambandhita nIlAnA ke nRtya tathA mahAvIra ke garbhApaharaNa ke dRzya bhI bane / jina pratimAlakSaNa kI dRSTi se guptakAla kA bhI vizeSa mahatva hai / sarvaprathama guptakAlIna grantha bRhatsaMhitA meM hI jina mUrtiyoM ke sAmAnya lakSaNa nirUpita hue|' isa grantha meM jinoM ke zrIvatsa cihna se yukta, nirvastra, ajAnulambabAhu aura taruNa svarUpa meM nirUpaNa kA ullekha hai / jina mUrtiyoM meM pAraMparika lAMchanoM, yakSa-yakSI yugaloM evaM aSTaprAtihAryoM kA pradarzana guptakAla meM hI prArambha huaa| lAMchanoM se yukta prAcInatama jina mUrtiyA~ neminAtha (zaMkha) aura mahAvIra (siMha) kI haiN| ye mUrtiyA~ kramazaH rAjagira (bihAra) aura vArANasI (bhArata kalAbhavana, vArANasI, kramAMka 161) se milI haiN| RSabhanAtha evaM pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM pUrvavat laTakatI jaTAoM aura sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra dekhe jA sakate hai| yakSa-yakSI yugala se yukta pahalI jina mati (la0 chaThI zatI I0) zvetAMbara sthala akoTA (bar3audA, gujarAta) se milI hai / yaha mUrti RSabhanAtha kI hai aura isameM yakSa-yakSI ke rUpa meM sarvAnubhUti (yA kubera) aura aMbikA kI AkRtiyA~ banI 1. AjAnulambabAhuH zrIvatsAGkaH prazAntamUrtizca / digvAsAstaruNo rUpavAMzca kAryo'hatAM devaH // bRhatsaMhitA 58.45

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toryakara yA jina mUtiyA~ 41 haiN|' la0 sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI I0 se jina mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSiyoM kA niyamita aMkana hone lagA jisake prArambhika udAharaNa bAdAmI, ayahola, vArANasI, mathurA, osiyA~ evaM akoTA se mile haiN| la0 AThavIM-navIM zatI I0 meM 24 jinoM ke lAMchana aura unake yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kI sUcI nirdhArita huii| prArambhikatama sUciyA~ kahAvalI, tiloyapaNNatti (4.604-05, 934-39) evaM pravacanasAroddhAra (375-78, 381-82) meM haiN| 24 yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kI svataMtra lAkSaNika vizeSatAyeM la0 11 vIM-12 vIM zatI I0 meM niyata huIM, jinake ullekha nirvANakalikA, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, pratiSThAsArasaMgraha aura pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM haiN| gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM zvetAMbara paraMparA tathA anya kSetroM meM digambara paraMparA kI mUrtiyA~ bniiN| 24 jinoM meM RSabhanAtha, neminAtha, pAzrvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI hI sarvAdhika murtiyA~ banIM / uttara bhArata meM neminAtha aura mahAvIra kI apekSA RSabhanAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI adhika mUrtiyA~ haiM / dakSiNa bhArata meM neminAtha kI mUrtiyoM kA lagabhaga abhAva hai aura pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ haiN| dakSiNa bhArata meM RSabhanAtha kI mUrtiyA~ atyalpa haiN| isa prakAra uttara bhArata meM RSabhanAtha aura pArzvanAtha tathA dakSiNa bhArata meM pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI upAsanA sarvAdhika lokapriya tho / inhIM cAra jinoM se sambandhita yakSa aura yakSiyA~ bhI vizeSa lokapriya thiiN| jaina sthaloM para RSabhanAtha ke gomukha-cakrezvarI, neminAtha ke sarvAnubhUtiambikA, pArzvanAtha ke dharaNendra-padmAvatI aura mahAvIra ke mAtaMga-siddhAyikA kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ banoM / rUpamaNDana meM bhI spaSTataH 24 tIrthaMkaroM meM se uparyukta cAra jinoM evaM unase sambandhita yakSa-yakSiyoM ko vizeSarUpa se pUjya batAyA gayA hai / khajurAho kI tIrthakara mUrtiyA~ : sAmAnya nirUpaNa anya jaina sthaloM kI bhA~ti khajurAho meM bhI tIrthaMkaroM kI hI sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ haiM / yahA~ lagabhaga 950 se 1150 I. ke madhya kI 200 se adhika jina mUrtiyA~ haiM / khajurAho ke kucha brAhmaNa maMdiroM para bhI jina mUrtiyoM kA aMkana huA hai / ye mUrtiyA~ sAmpradAyika sauhArda kI sAkSI hai / devI jagadambI aura vizvanAtha maMdiroM ke adhiSThAnoM para jinoM ko aisI mUrtiyA~ haiN| khajurAho meM jinoM kI svataMtra mUrtiyoM ke sAtha hI unakI dvitIrthI, tritIrthI aura caumukhI 1. vistAra ke lie draSTavya, candA, Ara0 pI0 "jaina rimensa aiTa rAjagira" AkiyolaoNji kala sarve Apha iNDiyA, ainuala riporTa, 1925-26, pR0 125-26; tivArI, mArutinandana prasAda, "ena anapablizDa jina imeja ina di bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI", vizvezvarAnanda inDolaoNjikala jarnala, khaM0 13, aM0 1-2, pR0 373-75; zAha, yU0 pI0, akoTA bronjeja, bambaI, 1959, pR0 28-29 / 2 rUpamaNDana 625-27 / 3. isa saMkhyA meM madiroM kA dovAroM ora uttaraMgoM kI choTI jina mUrtiyAM nahIM sammilita hai| 4. bhuvanezvara ke muktezvara maMdira ke adhiSThAna para bhI isI prakAra jinoM kI AkRtiyA~ banI haiN|

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42 khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva mUrtiyA~ bhI banIM / khajurAho kI jina mUrtiyA~ pratimAlakSaNa kI dRSTi se pUrNa vikasita koTi kI haiM / inameM jinoM ke sAtha lAMchanoM, yakSa-yakSI yugaloM, aSTa-prAtihAryoM tathA parikara meM laghu jina AkRtiyoM, navagrahoM tathA kabhI-kabhI lakSmI, sarasvatI aura bAhubalI kA bhI aMkana huA hai|' isa sthala kI prAcInatama jina mUrtiyAM pArzvanAtha maMdira meM haiN| jina mUrtiyoM ke vyaktizaH nirUpaNa ke pUrva saMkSepa meM unakI sAmAnya vizeSatAoM kI carcA bhI prAsaMgika hai| zrIvatsa cihna se yukta jina mUtiyAM yA to dhyAna-mudrA meM yA kAyotsarga-mudrA meM haiM / dhyAnastha mUrtiyAM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se adhika haiM / khajurAhoM kI jina mUrtiyAM lakSaNoM kI dRSTi se pUrI taraha devagar3ha evaM mathurA jaise samakAlIna digambara kendroM kI jina mUrtiyoM ke samAna haiM / khajurAhoM meM tIrthaMkaroM ko alaMkRta AsanoM para nirUpita kiyA gayA hai jisake nIce siMhAsana hai / siMhAsana ke madhya meM upAsakoM dvArA pUjita yA binA upAsakoM ke dharmacakra utkIrNa hai| sihAsana choroM para yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| dharmacakra ke samIpa ho jinoM ke lAMchana bane hai / mUlanAyaka ke pAzvoM meM mukuTa evaM hAra Adi se zobhita sevakoM kI do sthAnaka mUrtiyAM bhI haiM jinake eka hAtha meM cAmara hai aura dUsarA kaTi para sthita hai / kabhI-kabhI dUsare hAtha meM padma bhI pradarzita hai| mUlanAyaka ke kaMdhoM ke Upara donoM ora gajoM, uDDIyamAna mAlAdharoM eva mAlAdhara yugaloM kI mUrtiyAM banI haiM / gajoM para sAmAnyataH ghaTa liye eka yA do AkRtiyAM baiTho haiM / jinoM ke siroM ke poche jyAmitIya, puSpa evaM anya alaMkaraNoM se sajjita prabhAmaNDala utkIrNa hai| gucchakoM ke rUpa meM pradarzita jinoM kI keza racanA uSNISa ke rUpa meM Abaddha hai / RSabhanAtha, supArzvanAtha evaM pArzvanAtha ke sAtha kramazaH laTakatI jaTAoM evaM pAMca tathA sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatroM kA pradarzana huA hai| mUlanAyaka ke sira ke Upara trichatra aura dundubhi bajAtI adhaleTI AkRti bhI banI hai| parikara ke UparI bhAga meM kabhI-kabhI kucha anya mAlAdhara gandhoM evaM vAdyavAdana karatI AkRtiyoM kA bhI nirUpaNa huA hai / kucha udAharaNoM meM siMhAsana para yA parikara meM dvibhuja navagrahoM kI bhI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / parikara meM laghu jina mUrtiyoM kA aMkana vizeSa lokapriya thaa| kabhI-kabhI parikara kI 23 choTI jina mUrtiyAM mUlanAyaka ke sAtha milakara jina caubIsI kA rUpa grahaNa kara letI hai| jina mUrtiyoM ke choroM para eka ke Upara eka krama se gaja, vyAla, makara evaM yoddhA kI AkRtiyAM banI haiM / jina mUrtiyoM meM yakSa evaM yakSo ( zAsana devatAoM ) kI mUrtiyAM kramazaH siMhAsana ke dakSiNa aura vAma choroM para banI haiN| yakSa-yakSI yugala samAnyataH dvibhuja yA caturbhuja tathA 1. sthApayedahaMtA chatratrayAzokaprakIrNakam / pIThaMbhAmaNDalaM bhASAM puSpavRSTiM ca dundubhim / / sthiretarArcayoH pAdapIThasyAdho yathAyatham / lAMchanaM dakSiNe pAveM yakSaM yakSI ca vAmake // pratiSThAsAroddhAra 176-77, harivaMzapurAga 3.31-38; pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 582-83 /

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tIrthakara yA jina mUrtiyAM lalitamudrA meM AsIna haiN| kucha udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana nahIM bhI huA hai / aisI mUrtiyoM meM siMhAsana choroM para yakSa-yakSiyoM ke sthAna para do laghu jina AkRtiyAM banI haiM / khajurAho meM RSabhanAtha, ajitanAtha, saMbhavanAtha, abhinaMdana, sumatinAtha, padmaprabha, puSpadaMta, supAzvanAtha, caMdraprabha, zAMtinAtha, kuMthunAtha, munisuvrata, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra ko ho sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM bniiN| pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI apekSA RSabhanAtha kI adhika mUrtiyAM hai / yaha saMkhyA RSabhanAtha kI sarvAdhika lokapriyatA kA sUcaka hai| khajurAho ke tInoM pramukha jaina maMdiroM (pArzvanAtha, ghaNTaI evaM AdinAtha) kA RSabhanAtha ko samarpita rahA honA bhI isI tathya ko prakaTa karatA hai / abhinaMdana, sumatinAtha, puSpadaMta, padmaprabha, caMdraprabha, kuMthunAtha evaM munisuvrata kI kevala eka-eka mUrti milI hai| anya tIrthaMkaroM kI do se chaH mUrtiyAM haiM / svataMtra jina mUtiyA~ khajurAho kI tIrthaMkara mUtiyoM ke sAmAnya nirUpaNa ke bAda unakA vyaktizaH vivecana bhI Avazyaka hai / svataMtra jina mUrtiyoM ke pazcAt khajurAho ko dvitIyArthI, tritIrthI aura caumukhI mUrtiyoM tathA jinoM ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM se saMbandhita aMkana kA ullekha kiyA jAyagA / khajurAho kI jina mUrtiyAM adhikAMzataH pIle raMga ke balue patthara meM aura kucha udAharaNoM meM lAla aura bhUre raMga ke pattharoM meM banI hai / RSabhanAtha RSabhanAtha mAnava samAja ke Adi vyavasthApaka evaM vartamAna avasarpiNI yuga ke prathama tIrthaMkara haiM / prathama jina hone ke kAraNa hI inheM AdinAtha bhI kahA gayA hai| inakA lAMchana vRSabha hai aura yakSa-yakSI gomukha aura cakrezvarI (apraticakrA) hai / khajurAho meM RSabhanAtha kI sarvAdhika (la0 60) mUrtiyAM haiM / ye mUrtiyAM la0 950 se 1150 I0 ke madhya kI haiM / khajurAho se milI RSabhanAtha kI la0 11vIM zatI I0 kI eka mUti bhArata kalA-bhavana, vArANasI (kramAMka 22073) meM bhI surakSita hai| devagar3ha ke atirikta itanI vizAla saMkhyA meM RSabhanAtha kI mUrtiyAM anya kisI sthala para nahIM banIM / khajurAho kI mUrtiyoM meM RSabhanAtha ke sAtha laTakatI huI jaTAoM aura lAMchana ke rUpa meM vRSabha kA niyamita aMkana huA hai / sarvAdhika vistRta lakSaNoM vAlI bhUti pArzvanAtha maMdira ke garbhagRha meM hai / yadyapi isa udAharaNa meM mUlanAyaka kI pratimA pUrI taraha naSTa ho cukI hai kintu pIThikA aura parikara surakSita haiM / RSabhanAtha ke pAzvoM meM kabhI-kabhI pAMca aura sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAle supArzvanAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyAM bhI banI haiM / kabhI-kabhI donoM pAvoM meM pArzvanAtha kI hI AkRtiyAM banIM hai| aise udAharaNoM meM pArzvavartI cAmara-dhara sevakoM ko kabhI-kabhI sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa nahIM dikhAyA gayA hai / jADina saMgrahAlaya (kramAMka 1691) kI eka viziSTa mUrti meM RSabhanAtha ke pAraMparika yakSa-yakSI (gomukha-cakrezvarI) ke sAtha hI lakSmI evaM aMbikA kI bhI AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM, jo RSabhanAtha kI vizeSa pratiSThA kI paricAyaka haiN| ullekhanIya hai ki devagar3ha (maMdira-4, 11vIM zatI I0) aura uraI (jAlauna, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, kramAMka 16 0 178) kI RSabhanAtha kI do anya mUrtiyoM meM bhI gomukha aura cakrezvarI ke sAtha aMbikA aura lakSmI kI AkRtiyAM banI haiN|

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM RSabhanAtha dhyAna-mudrA meM virAjamAna haiN| mUlanAyaka ko sAmAnyataH padma para aura kabhI-kabhI sIdhe siMhAsana para dikhAyA gayA hai| lagabhaga dasa udAharaNoM meM RSabhanAtha kI keza-racanA jaTA ke rUpa meM poche kI ora sa~vArI gaI hai| anya udAharaNoM meM keza choTe-choTe gucchakoM ke rUpa meM bane haiM / kandhoM para laTeM sabhI mUrtiyoM meM dikhAI gaI haiN| pAzvavartI cAmaradhara sevakoM ke hAtha kabhI-kabhI kaTyavalambita mudrA ke sthAna para phala (yA sanAla padma) se yukta hai / khajurAho kI RSabhanAtha kI mUrtiyoM ko yakSa-yakSiyoM ke AdhAra para tIna vargoM meM bA~TA jA sakatA hai| pahale varga meM yakSa-yakSI se rahita mUrtiyA~ haiM jinake kula cAra udAharaNa haiM / dUsare varga meM aisI mUrtiyA~ (do udAharaNa) haiM jinameM gomukha ora cakrezvarI ke sthAna para sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI AkArita haiN| tIsare varga meM pAramparika yakSa-yakSo, gomukhacakrezvarI kI mUrtiyA~ banI haiM / khajurAho meM gomukha aura cakrezvarI kA aMkana 10vIM zatI I0 ke madhya se hI prArambha ho gayA thA jisakA eka udAharaNa pArzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha kI mUrti hai / garuDavAhanA (mAnava) cakrezvarI adhikAMzataH caturbhuja haiM jabaki gomukha yakSa kA dvibhuja aura caturbhuja donoM hI rUpoM meM nirUpaNa huA hai| kucha udAharaNoM meM mUlanAyaka ke cAroM ora 23, 24, 33 aura 52 jina mUrtiyA~ bhI banI haiM / cAra udAharaNoM meM navagrahoM kA bhI aMkana huA hai| gomukha aura cakrezvarI ke nirUpaNa meM mukhya lakSaNoM ke sandarbha meM digambara granthoM ke nidazoM kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai| kucha udAharaNoM meM yakSa ke rUpa meM dhana kA thailA dhAraNa karane vAle kubera kI bhI AkRti banI hai| gomukha yakSa ke sAtha kabhI-kabhI vRSabha vAhana (pArzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha kI mUrti) bhI pradarzita hai| gomukha yakSa ke karoM meM sAmAnyataH abhaya (yA varada) mudrA, gadA (yA parazu), pustaka (yA padma) evaM kalaza (yA phala) pradarzita haiN| ullekhanIya hai ki gomukha ke hAthoM meM pustaka aura padma kA pradarzana sthAnIya paramparA kI dena hai| garuDavAhanA cakrezvarI ke hAthoM meM sAmAnyataH varada (yA abhaya)-mudrA, gadA (yA cakra), cakra evaM zaMkha haiM / cakrezvarI kA nirUpaNa spaSTataH vaiSNavI se prabhAvita haiN| pArzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha kI mUrti meM donoM pAzvoM meM supArzvanAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga AkRtiyoM ke atirikta parikara meM 41 anya laghu jina mUrtiyA~ bhI banI hai / gomukha yakSa vRSabhArUr3ha aura caturbhuja hai aura usake do avaziSTa karoM meM gadA aura phala haiM / garuDa-vAhanA cakrezvarI ke tIna surakSita karoM meM varada, gadA aura zaMkha hai| isa udAharaNa meM supArzvanAtha aura pArzvanAtha ke sAtha bhI caturbhuja yakSa-yakSI kI AkRtiyA~ ukerI haiN| pArzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha ke pradakSiNApatha kI pazcimI bhitti ko mUrti meM parikara meM 23 anya jina AkRtiyA~ bhI haiM jo isa mUrti ko jina caubIsI mUrti banA detI haiN| 6 udAharaNoM meM dvibhuja yakSa ke hAthoM meM dhana kA thailA aura phala pradarzita haiM, jo spaSTataH kubera ke lakSaNa haiN| tIna udAharaNoM meM yadyapi yakSa gomukha nahIM haiM kintu hAthoM kI sAmagrI gomukha yakSa ke hI samAna hai| sAhU zAMtiprasAda jaina kalA saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho (ke0 7) kI mUrti (4' 8" x 2' 2') meM tIna

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tIrthakara yA jina mUrtiyA~ avaziSTa hAthoM meM sarpa, padma aura dhana kA thailA pradarzita haiM, jabaki jADina saMgrahAlaya kI eka mUrti meM varad-mudrA, parazu, zrIphala aura jalapAtra haiN| cakrezvarI ke nirUpaNa meM cakra ke bAda gadA aura zaMkha kA pradarzana sarvAdhika lokapriya thaa| ajitanAtha ajitanAtha isa avasarpiNI ke dUsare tIrthakara haiN| unakA lAMchana gaja aura yakSa-yakSI mahAyakSa evaM ajitabalA (yA ajitA yA rohiNI) haiM / khajurAho meM ajitanAtha kI kula cAra mUrtiyA~ haiN| ye sabhI mUrtiyA~ sAhU zAMtiprasAda jaina kalA saMgrahAlaya (Age se sA0 zA0 0 ka0 saM0) meM haiM / sabhI udAharaNoM meM gaja lAMchana utkIrNa hai / la0 11vIM-12vIM zatI I0 kI ina mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI ke nirUpaNa meM tanika bhI paramparA kA pAlana nahIM huA hai / eka udAharaNa (ke0 22) ke atirikta anya sabhI meM mUlanAyaka dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna haiN| eka udAharaNa meM keza-racanA jaTA ke rUpa meM pradarzita hai| yakSa aura yakSI kI AkRtiyA~ kevala eka hI udAharaNa meM banI haiN| sA0 zAM0 jai0 ka0 saM0 kI eka mUrti (ke0 22) meM rAhu aura ketu sahita pA~ca grahoM kI bhI AkRtiyA~ pIThikA para banI haiN| yahA~ sUrya, soma, maMgala aura budha kA aMkana nahIM huA hai| sambhavanAtha tIsare tIrthaMkara sambhavanAtha kA lAMchana azva hai aura unake yakSa-yakSI trimukha aura duritAri (yA prajJapti) haiN| khajurAho meM sambhavanAtha kI pA~ca mUrtiyA~ haiM / ye mUrtiyA~ 11vIM-12vIM zatI I0 kI haiM aura inameM yakSa-yakSI pAramparika lakSaNoM vAle nahIM haiN| mandira 12 kI mUrti para 1158 I0 kA eka lekha bhI hai| sabhI udAharaNoM meM mUlanAyaka dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna haiM aura mUrti pIThikAoM para azva lAMchana utkIrNa hai / la0 10vIM zatI I0 kI eka vizAla mUrti pArzvanAtha mandira ke maNDapa ke bhItara kI uttarI dIvAra ke samIpa rakhI hai / mayUra vAhana vAle caturbhuja yakSa ko keza-racanA lambo jaTA jaisI hai aura unake hAthoM meM phala, padma, zUla aura pustaka hai| yakSa spaSTataH kArtikeya ke lakSaNoM vAle haiN| ullekhanIya hai ki digambara paramparA meM sambhavanAtha ke trimukha yakSa kA vAhana mayUra batAyA gayA hai / sambhavataH mayUra va na ke kAraNa hI yakSa ke sAtha yahA~ kAtikeya ke anya lakSaNa bhI dikhAe gaye / jaTAmukuTa se zobhita azvavAhanA caturbhujA yakSI ke hAthoM meM abhaya-mudrA, padma, padma aura kalaza prazita haiN| pArzvanAtha mandira kI isa mUrti ke atirikta cAra anya mUrtiyoM meM se kevala tIna meM yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiN| eka udAharaNa meM (sA0 zAM0 jai0 ka0 saM0, kramAMka ke0 50) siMhAsana ke donoM Ara dvibhuja yakSiyoM kI AkRtiyA~ banI haiM jinake eka hAtha meM khaDga hai / purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho (kramAMka 1715) kI mUrti meM dvibhuja yakSa kubera haiM aura unake hAthoM meM kapAla aura dhana kA thailA pradarzita haiN| dvibhuja yakSA ke eka hAtha meM padma hai jaba ki dUsare se abhaya-mudrA vyakta hai| yaha mUrti lagabhaga 10vIM zatI I0 ko hai| eka udAharaNa meM dvibhuja yakSa ke surakSita bAyeM hAtha meM phala hai jabaki yajJo ke karoM meM abhaya-mudrA aura padma pradarzita haiN|

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46 abhinandana abhinandana isa avasarpiNI ke cauthe tIrthaMkara haiM / unakA lAMchana kapi aura yakSa-yakSI yakSezvara ( yA Izvara ) aura kAlikA ( yA kAlI yA vajrazRMkhalA) haiM / khajurAho meM inakI kula do mUrtiyA~ haiM / dasavIM - gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI ina mUrtiyoM meM abhinandana dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiM aura pIThikA para kapi lAMchana bhI banA hai / eka mUrti pArzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha kI pazcimI bhitti para hai / isa udAharaNa meM dvibhuja yakSa yakSI ke karoM meM abhayamudrA aura phala ( yA jalapAtra) pradarzita haiM dUsarI mUrti ( mandira 3) meM bhI dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI abhayamudrA / aura phala yukta haiM / sumatinAtha khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva pA~caveM jina sumatinAtha kA lAMchana krauMca pakSI hai tathA unake yakSa-yakSI tuMbarU aura mahAkAlI (yA naradattA ) haiM / khajurAho meM sumatinAtha kI kevala do hI mUrtiyA~ haiM / pahalI mUrti pArzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha kI uttarI bhitti para hai / dUsarI mUrti mandira 3 meM hai / donoM hI udAharaNoM meM mUlanAyaka dhyAna - mudrA meM AsIna haiM aura unake sAtha sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle dvibhuja yakSa - yakSI nirUpita haiM, jinake hAthoM meM abhayamudrA aura phala ( yA puSpa ) haiM / padmaprabha padmaprabha isa avasarpiNI ke chaThe jina haiM, jinakA lAMchana padma aura yakSa-yakSI kusuma evaM acyutA ( yA manovegA) haiM / khajurAho meM padmaprabha kI kevala eka hI mUrti hai / 10vIM zatI I0 kI yaha mUrti pArzvanAtha mandira ke maNDapa meM surakSita hai / padma lAMchana se yukta isa dhyAnastha mUrti meM caturbhuja yakSa-yakSI AkArita haiM jinake lakSaNa paramparA sammata nahIM haiM / parikara meM vINAvAdana karatI sarasvatI tathA jinoM kI laghu AkRtiyA~ bhI banI haiM / supArzvanAtha supArzvanAtha isa avasarpiNI ke 7veM jina haiM jinakA lAMchana svastika hai / supArzvanAtha ke sira para eka, pA~ca yA nau sarpaphaNoM ke chatra pradarzita hote haiM / svatantra mUrtiyoM meM kucha apavAdoM ke atirikta supArzvanAtha ke sAtha svastika lAMchana kA utkIrNana nahIM huA hai / mUrtiyoM meM sAmAnyataH pA~ca yA nau sarpaphaNoM ke chatra ke AdhAra para hI supArzvanAtha kI pahacAna kI gaI hai / supArzvanAtha ke yakSa-yakSI mAtaMga aura zAntA ( yA kAlI ) haiM / khajurAho meM la0 12vIM zatI I0 kI do mUrtiyA~ haiM / ye mUrtiyA~ kramazaH mandira 6 aura 13 meM haiM / inameM supArzvanAtha kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiM aura unake sira ke Upara pA~ca sarpaphaNoM kA chatra pradarzita hai / donoM udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI anupasthita haiM / mandira 13 kI mUrti meM pIThikA para svastika lAMchana bhI banA hai| pITikA ke madhya meM padma dhAraNa karane vAlI zAnti devI kI mUrti banI hai / supArzvanAtha se sambaddha karane ke uddezya se devI ke sira para sarpaphaNoM kA chatra bhI dikhAyA gayA hai / caturbhuja devI ke hAthoM meM abhaya mudrA, cakrAkara sanAla padma pustaka-padma aura jalapAtra haiM /

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tIrthakara yA jina mUrtiyA~ 7 candraprabha candraprabha isa avasarpiNo ke AThaveM jina haiN| inakA lAMchana zazi aura yakSa-yakSI vijaya ( yA zyAma ) evaM bhRkuTi ( yA jvAlA ) haiN| khajurAho meM candraprabha kI kula tIna mUrtiyAM haiM, jinameM se eka pArzvanAtha maMdira ke garbhagRha kI pazcimI bhitti para hai / do mUrtiyAM (kramazaH 1/13 evaM 1/15) meM haiN| tInoM hI udAharaNoM meM candraprabha dhyAna-mudrA meM AsIna haiM / pArzvanAtha maMdira kI mUrti meM dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI ke hAthoM meM abhaya-mudrA (yA padma) aura phala haiN| dUsare udAharaNa meM yakSa dvibhuja haiM, kintu yakSI caturbhujA haiM / phala aura dhana ke thaile se yukta yakSa kubera ke lakSaNoM vAlA hai| caturbhujA yakSI ke tIna avaziSTa karoM meM varadamudrA, pustaka aura kamaNDalu haiN| ina svataMtra mUrtiyoM ke atirikta sA0 zAM0 jai0 ka0 saM0 kI eka dvitIrthI mUrti (ke0 60) meM bhI eka jina AkRti ke nIce lAMchana ke rUpa meM addhacandra utkIrNa hai / zAMtinAtha zAMtinAtha isa avasarpiNI ke 16veM jina haiN| unakA lAMchana mRga aura yakSa-yakSI, garuDa (yA vArAha) evaM nirvANI (yA mahAmAnasI) haiN| 24 jinoM meM RSabha, nemi, pArzva aura mahAvIra ke bAda zAMtinAtha kI hI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM milatI haiN| devagar3ha, ahAra, bAnapura, cA~dapura, khajurAho evaM madhya bhArata ke anya digambara sthaloM para zAMtinAtha kA nirUpaNa vizeSa lokapriya rahA hai| ina sthaloM para zAMtinAtha kI atimAnavAkAra vizAla mUrtiyAM bhI bniiN| ye mUrtiyAM 12 se 15 phITa U~cI haiN| khajurAho meM zAMtinAtha kI kula cAra mUrtiyAM haiN| ye mUrtiyAM 11vIM-12vIM zatI I0 kI haiM / do udAharaNoM meM mUlanAyaka ko dhyAnastha aura do meM kAyotsarga meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| zAMtinAtha maMdira meM zAMtinAtha ko 12 phITa U~cI kAyotsarga pratimA (1028 I0) pratiSThita hai| camakadAra Alepa se yukta yaha vizAla pratimA manojJa, eka yogI ke gaMbhIra ciMtana ke bhAva se yukta tathA AnupAtika aMga yojanA vAlI hai| isa vizAla pratimA meM zAMtinAtha ko siMhAsana ke sthAna para padma para khar3A dikhAyA gayA hai| isa mUrti ke donoM ora kI svataMtra yakSa-yakSI mUrtiyAM bAda meM dovAra meM lagAI gaI pratIta hotI haiM / anya tIna mUrtiyoM meM se do sA0 zAM0 jai0 ka0 aura eka jADina saMgrahAlayoM meM haiM / eka udAharaNa (sA0 zAM0 jai0 ka0 saM0 ke0 39) ke atirikta anya sabhI meM pArzvavartI cAmaradharoM kI AkRtiyA~ banI haiN| zAMtinAtha ke yakSa-yakSI sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle haiN| yakSa ke hAthoM meM phala aura dhana kA thailA usake kubera hone kA saMketa detA hai / yakSI ke hAthoM meM abhaya-mudrA evaM dhanuSa pradarzita haiM / mRga lAMchana zAMtinAtha maMdira kI pratimA ke atirikta anya sabhI udAharaNoM meM spaSTa hai| kuMthunAtha kuMthunAtha isa avasarpiNI ke 17veM jina haiM jinakA lAMchana chAga (yA bakarA) hai aura unake yakSa-yakSI gandharva evaM balA (yA acyutA yA gAMdhArI) hai / khajurAho meM aja lAMchana vAle kaMthunAtha kI la0 11vIM zatI I0 kI kevala eka mUrti hai / yaha mUrti maMdira-12 (12/1) meM

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva surakSita hai / aSTaprAtihAryoM se yukta dhyAnastha tIrthaMkara ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI kA nirUpaNa nahIM huA hai| siMhAsana ke madhya meM jaina yugala kI bhI eka AkRti banI hai jo nizcita hI kuMthunAtha ke mAtA-pitA kI mUrtiyAM haiM / pIThikA para sAta grahoM kI bhI mUrtiyAM haiN| munisuvrata munisuvrata isa avasarpiNI ke 20veM jina haiM / inakA lAMchana kUrma aura yakSa-yakSI varuNa evaM naradattA (yA bahurUpiNI) haiM / khajurAho meM munisuvrata kI kevala eka hI mUrti hai / la0 11vIM zatI I0 kI isa mUrti meM pIThikA para kUrma lAMchana banA hai / yakSa-yakSI kI AkRtiyA~ nahIM banI haiN| neminAtha (yA ariSTanemi) neminAtha yA ariSTanemi isa avasarpiNo ke 22 veM tIrthaMkara hai| dvArAvatI ke harivaMzI zAsaka samudravijaya unake pitA aura zivA devI unakI mAtA hai| samudravijaya ke anuja vasudeva kI do patniyA~, rohiNI aura devakI thIM jinase balarAma aura kRSNa utpanna hue| isa prakAra kRSNa evaM balarAma neminAtha ke cacere bhAI hue| neminAtha kA balarAma aura kRSNa se jur3anA brAhmaNa aura jaina dharmoM ke bIca sAmaMjasya kI dRSTi se atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| mUrta aMkanoM meM bhI mathurA, devagar3ha, kuMbhAriyA, vimalavasahI eva lUNavasahI meM neminAtha ke sAtha balarAma aura kRSNa kI AkRtiyA~ banI haiN| khajurAho kI mUrtiyoM meM neminAtha ke sAtha isa paraMparA kA nirvAha nahIM huA hai, yadyapi viSNu aura balarAma kI kaI svataMtra aura zakti sahita AliMgana mUrtiyA~ pArzvanAtha mandira para hai| neminAtha kA lAMchana zaMkha hai aura unake yakSa-yakSI gomedha evaM aMbikA (yA kuSmANDI) haiM / yahA~ ullekhanIya hai ki neminAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSI ke rUpa meM sarvadA aMbikA hI nirUpita haiM, para yakSa ke rUpa meM trimukha aura SaDbhuja gomedha ke sthAna para sarvAnubhUti (yA kubera) kA aMkana huA hai| khajurAho meM neminAtha kI tIna svatantra mUrtiyA~ haiN| do mUrtiyA~ kramazaH mandira 1/10 aura 12 meM tathA eka sA0 zAM0 ja0 ka0 saMgrahAlaya (ke0 14) meM hai / 11 vIM-12 vIM zatI I0 kI ye murtiyA~ dhyAnamudrA meM haiM / mandira-1/10 kI mUrti ke atirikta anya sabhI udAharaNoM meM zaMkha lAMchana spaSTa hai / mandira-1/10 kI mUrti meM yadyapi lAMchana spaSTa nahIM hai, kintu siMhAsana para aMbikA kI mUrti hai jisake AdhAra para neminAtha se pahacAna sambhava hai| yahA~ aMbikA kI goda meM bAlaka pradarzita hai| dvibhuja yakSa kA dAhinA hAtha abhaya-mudrA meM hai aura bAyAM jAMgha para sthita hai| pIThikA para navagrahoM kA bhI aMkana huA hai| sA0 zAM0 jai0 ka0 saMgrahAlaya (ke0 14) kI mUrti meM yakSa ke hAtha meM dhana kA thailA hai aura dvibhujA ambikA ke hAthoM meM Amralumbi aura bAlaka haiM / mandira-1/8 ko eka tritIrthI jina mUrti meM pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke sAtha hI zaMkha-lAMchana se yukta neminAtha kI bhI kAyotsarga AkRti banI hai| pArzvanAtha pArzvanAtha isa avasarpiNI ke 23veM jina haiN| inheM jaina dharma kA vAstavika saMsthApaka bhI mAnA jAtA hai| pArzvanAtha ke cAturyAma (satya, ahiMsA, asteya, aparigraha) meM mahAvIra ne

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tIrthakara yA jina mUtiyAM mAtra brahmacarya ko jor3akara paMcamahAvratoM kA upadeza diyA thA / svayaM mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA pArzvanAtha dvArA pratipAdita jaina dharma ke anuyAyI the| vArANasI ke mahArAja azvasena unake pitA aura vAmA (yA vAmalA) unakI mAtA thiiN| pArzvanAtha kA lAMchana sarpa hai aura unake yakSa-yakSI pAvaM (yA dharaNa) aura padmAvatI haiN| matiyoM meM yadyapi pIThikA para sarpa lAMchana kA aMkana nahIM huA hai, kintu pArzvanAtha ke sira ke Upara 3 yA 7 sapaMphaNoM kA chatra dikhAyA gayA hai aura sarpaphaNoM ke chatra ke AdhAra para hI mUrtiyoM meM pArzvanAtha kI pahacAna kI gaI hai| jaina granthoM meM pAzvanAtha ke sira para tIna, sAta yA 11 sarpaphaNoM kA vidhAna milatA hai / adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM pArzvanAtha ke sira para sAta sarpaphaNoM kA chatra dikhAyA gayA hai jisakI paramparA I0 pU0 meM hI prArambha ho gayI thii| jaina paramparA ke anusAra pArzvanAtha ko tapasyA meM unake pUrvajanma ke vairI meghamAlI nAma ke asura ne taraha-taraha ke upasarga upasthita kie the jinakA uddezya tapasyA bhaMga karanA thaa| anta meM usane bhayaMkara vRSTi dvArA pArzvanAtha kI pUrI taraha jala meM Dubo denA caahaa| aise hI kSaNoM meM padmAvatI evaM vairoTyA jaisI nAga deviyoM ke sAtha nAgarAja dharaNendra pArzvanAtha ke samakSa upasthita hue| dharaNendra ne pArzvanAtha ke caraNoM ke nIce dordhanAla yukta padma kI racanA kara unheM apanI kuNDaliyoM para uThA liyA aura sAtha hI unake sampUrNa zarIra ko DhaMkakara unake sira ke Upara sAta sapaMphaNoM kA chatra phailA diyA / padmAvatI ne eka lamve vajramaya chatra dvArA zIrSa bhAga meM chAyA kI jisakA chatra bhAga sarpaphaNoM ke Upara pradarzita huA / ' uparyukta paraMparA ke kAraNa hI pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM sira para sAta sapaMphaNoM kA chatra aura donoM aura sarpaphaNoM vAle dharaNendra aura padmAvatI kI AkRtiyAM banoM / mUrtiyoM meM padmAvatI ke hAthoM meM sAmAnyataH eka laMbA chatra dikhAyA gayA hai / donoM pAzryoM meM dharaNendra-padmAvatI kI uparyukta mUrtiyoM ke kAraNa ho siMhAsana choroM para adhikAMzataH unakA aMkana nahIM huA hai / digambara graMthoM meM dharaNendra yakSa caturbhuja aura sarpaphaNoM ke chatra sahita nirUpita haiM / yakSa kA vAhana kUrma hai aura unake do hAthoM meM sarpa tathA anya meM nAgapAza evaM varadamudrA hai / 2 graMthoM meM padma (yA kukkuTasarpa) vAhanA padmAvatI ke caturbhuja, SaDbhuja evaM caturvizatibhuja rUpoM kA dhyAna kiyA gayA hai aura usake hAthoM meM mukhyataH pAza, aMkuza, padma, Adi ke pradarzana kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai|' khajurAho meM pArzvanAtha kI lagabhaga 20 mUrtiyAM hai jinameM se kevala 11 hI adhyayana kI dRSTi se pUrNataH surakSita haiN| isa mUrti saMkhyA meM anya jinoM ke sAtha utkIrNa pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyAM nahIM sammilita haiM / khajurAho meM RSabhanAtha ke bAda pArzvanAtha kI hI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM banIM / ye mUrtiyAM 10vIM-12vIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI hai| adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM pArzvanAtha ko kAyotsarga-mudrA meM dikhalAyA gayA hai| khajurAho kI sabhI mUrtiyAM sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra 1. trizaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, gAyakavAr3a oriyanTala sirIja 139, bar3audA, 1962 khaNDa-5, pR0 394-96, pArzvanAtha caritra 6.192-93; uttarapurANa 73.131-40 / 2. pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.151, pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.67, pratiSThAtilakam 7.23 / 3. pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.67-71, pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.174, pratiSThAtilakam 7.23 /

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva vAlI haiM / kabhI-kabhI mUlanAyaka ke sira se caraNoM taka sarpa kI kuMDaliyAM phailI huI dikhAI gaI haiN| kisI bhI udAharaNa meM sarpa lAMchana nahIM banA hai| pArzvanAtha ke sAtha prabhAmaNDala ke atirikta anya sabhI prAtihArya bane haiN| zIrSa bhAga ke sarpaphaNoM ke kAraNa hI prabhAmaNDala nahIM dikhAyA gayA hai| tIna dhyAnastha mUrtiyoM meM mUlanAyaka sarpa kI kuNDaliyoM se bane Asana para virAjamAna haiM, jaba ki sA0 zAM0 jai0 ka0 saMgrahAlaya (ke0 100) kI mUrti meM padmAsana ke nIce sarpa kI kuNDaliyAM utkIrNa haiN| 6 kAyotsarga mUrtiyoM meM se kevala eka meM aura pAMca dhyAnastha mUrtiyoM meM se kevala tIna meM hI siMhAsana choroM para yakSa-yakSI kI AkRtiyAM banI haiM / anya udAharaNoM meM pArzvanAtha ke samIpa hI nAgaphaNoM ke chatra vAle cAmaradhArI dharaNendra aura chatradhAriNI padmAvatI kI sthAnaka mUrtiyA~ ukerI haiM / do udAharaNoM (maMdira 1/1, jADina saMgrahAlaya-1668) meM zIrSabhAga meM trichatra ke sthAna para kevala padmAvatI dvArA dhAraNa kiyA huA chatra hI dikhalAyA gayA hai| ina donoM hI manojJa udAharaNoM meM cAmaradhArI dharaNendra aura chatradhAriNI padmAvatI kI mUrtiyA~ ukerI haiN| mandira 1/1 kI mUrti meM parikara meM bAhubalI kI AkRti bhI ukerI hai| pAzvoM meM dharaNendra aura padmAvatI ke nirUpaNa ke kAraNa kabhI-kabhI sAmAnya cAmaradhArI sevakoM kI AkRtiyAM nahIM banAI gaI haiN| sA0 zAM0 jai0 ka0 saMgrahAlaya (ke0 9) kI eka khaDgAsana mUrti meM pIThikA para cAra grahoM tathA cAmara aura padma se yukta sevakoM kI AkRtiyA~ banI haiM / sA0 zA0 ja0 ka0 saMgrahAlaya kI hI eka dUsarI kAyotsarga mUrti meM sihAsana ke bAyeM chora para caturbhuja yakSa AkRti utkIrNa hai jisake do avaziSTa karoM meM padma aura phala haiN| dvibhujA yakSI ke sira para tIna sarpaphaNoM kA chatra hai aura usakI eka bhujA meM padma pradarzita hai| ___ kAyotsarga mUrtiyoM kI apekSA pArzvanAtha kI dhyAnastha mUrtiyA~ kucha bAda meM bananI prAraMbha huI / kAyotsarga mUrti pAzrvanAtha kI tapasyA kI sthiti ko prakaTa karatI hai jabaki dhyAnastha mUrti kaivalya prApti ke pazcAt kI sthiti ko| sambhavataH isI kAraNa dhyAnastha mUrtiyoM meM siMhAsana choroM para yakSa aura yakSI kA aMkana adhika lokapriya thaa| jJAtavya hai ki zAsanadevatAoM ke rUpa meM pratyeka jina ke sAtha eka yakSa-yakSI yugala kI niyukti indra ne kaivalya prApti ke bAda hI kI thii| purAtAttvika saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho kI eka mUrti (kramAMka 1618, 11vIM zatI I0) meM sarpaphaNoM ke chatravAlI yakSa AkRti namaskAramudrA meM hai jabaki dvibhujA yakSI ke bAyeM hAtha meM phala pradarzita hai| sA0 zA0 ja0 ka0 saMgrahAlaya kI 11 vIM zatI I0 kI eka mati (ke0 100) meM sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAle yakSa-yakSI kramazaH dvibhuja aura caturbhuja haiN| yakSa ke do hAthoM meM phala aura jalapAtra haiM jabaki caturbhujA yakSI ke avaziSTa dakSiNa karoM meM padma aura abhaya-mudrA hai| sA0 zAM0 jai0 ka0 saMgrahAlaya kI 12 vIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti (ke0 68) meM yakSa-yakSI caturbhuja aura pA~ca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAle haiN| dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna yakSI ke tIna hAthoM meM abhaya-mudrA, sarpa aura jalapAtra spaSTa haiM / dAhine pArzva kI lalitAsIna yakSa AkRti ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, zakti, sarpa aura jalapAtra haiN| parikara meM 20 anya choTI jina mUrtiyA~ bhI banI haiM / yaha mUrti pratimAlakSaNa kI dRSTi se atyanta vikasita hai| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki

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51 tIrthakara yA jina mUrtiyAM khajurAho meM pAzvanAtha ke yakSa-yakSI kA svarUpa pUrI taraha upalabdha paramparA se mela nahIM khAtA / sAtha hI unake mUrti lakSaNoM meM ekarUpatA bhI nahIM dRSTigata hotii| mahAvIra mahAvIra yA vardhamAna isa avasarpiNI ke antima jina haiM / siddhArtha unake pitA aura trizalA unakI mAtA thIM / mahAvIra buddha ke samakAlIna aura eka aitihAsika puruSa the / mahAvIra kA janma 599 I0 pU0 aura nirvANa la0 527 I0 pU0 meM huA / pArzvanAtha dvArA sthApita jaina dharma ko mahAvIra ne aura Age bddh'aayaa| mahAvIra kA lAMchana siMha aura yakSa-yakSI mAtaMga evaM siddhAyikA haiM / yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai ki vartamAna avasapiNI kA antima jina hone ke bAda bhI mahAvIra kI mUrtiyA~ RSabhanAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI tulanA meM kama haiM / khajurAho meM bhI RSabhanAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI apekSA mahAvIra kI kama mUrtiyA~ haiN| digambara granthoM meM mastaka para dharmacakra se cihnita dvibhuja mAtaMga ko gajArUr3ha batAyA gayA hai / mAtaMga kA dAhinA hAtha varadamudrA meM hogA jabaki bAyeM meM mAtuliMga hogaa|' dvibhujA siddhAyikA siMhavAhanA hai aura usake hAthoM meM varadamudrA aura pustaka pradarzita haiM / khajurAho meM mahAvIra kI nau mUrtiyA~ haiN| ye mUrtiyA~ 10vIM se 12vIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI haiM / sabase prAcIna mUrti pAzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha kI dakSiNI bhitti para hai / ATha udAharaNoM meM mahAvIra dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna haiM / kAyotsarga mUrti mandira-16 meM hai / yakSayakSI yugaloM kA aMkana kevala 6 mUrtiyoM meM huA kintu siMha lAMchana sabhI udAharaNoM meM banA hai| khajurAho kI mahAvIra mUrtiyoM kI eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki inameM adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM siMha lAMchana ko siMhAsana ke madhya se bAhara kI ora jhA~kate hue dikhalAyA gayA hai| ina mUrtiyoM meM siMha kI pUrI AkRti ke sthAna para kevala samakSa bhAga hI dikhalAyA gayA hai / yadyapi mahAvIra ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI kA nirUpaNa 10vIM zatI I0 meM prArambha ho gayA, kintu svatantra lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI 11vIM zatI I0 meM hI nirUpita hue / pArzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha kI mUrti meM dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle haiM / inake hAthoM meM abhayamudrA aura phala pradarzita hai / mandira-7 (1091 I0) kI mUrti meM mahAvIra ke yakSa-yakSI caturbhuja hai| yakSa kA vAhana siMha hai aura usake hAthoM meM dhana kA thailA, zUla, padma aura daNDa pradarzita haiM / siMhavAhanA yakSI ke hAthoM meM phala, cakra, padma aura zaMkha haiN| anya udAharaNoM meM bhI yakSa aura yakSI donoM ke sAtha siMha vAhana kI AkRti utkIrNa hai / yadyapi yakSa ke hAthoM meM Ayudha parivartita hote rahe hai, kintu yakSI ke hAthoM meM adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM cakra aura zaMkha pradarzita haiN| eka udAharaNa meM (sA0 zAM0 ja0 ka0 saMgrahAlaya; ke 13) caturbhuja yakSa kA vAhana kUrma hai aura usake hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, parazu, pustaka aura phala haiM / eka anya mUrti meM siMha para ArUr3ha caturbhuja yakSa ke tIna hAthoM meM gadA, padma aura dhana kA thailA spaSTa haiM / eka dUsarI mUrti (sA0 zAM0 jai0 ka0 saMgrahAlaya, 231) meM mAtaMga dvibhuja tathA meSa vAhana vAle hai / unake eka hAtha meM zakti hai, jabaki dUsarA 1. pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.72-73; pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.152; pratiSThAtilakam 7.24 / 2. pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.73-74; pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.178; pratiSThAtilakam 7.24 /

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khajurAho kA jaina purAvana hAtha nIce laTaka rahA hai / isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki khajurAho meM mAtaMga yakSa kA koI svatantra svarUpa niyata nahIM ho skaa| sAtha hI ye mUrtiyA~ upalabdha zAstrIya vivaraNa se bhI mela nahIM khAtI haiM / yadyapi siddhAyikA ke nirUpaNa meM bhI digambara paramparA kA pAlana nahIM huA hai kintu usake svatantra svarUpa ke nirdhAraNa kI ceSTA avazya kI gayI hai| siddhAyikA ke nirUpaNa meM cakra evaM zaMkha jaise AyudhoM kA pradarzana cakrezvarI yA vaiSNavo kA prabhAva darzAtA hai / dvitIrthI jina mUrti dvitIrthI yA tritIrthI jina mUrtiyoM se Azaya aisI mUrtiyoM se hai, jinameM do yA tIna jinoM ko eka sAtha dikhalAyA gayA hai| jaina granthoM meM hameM yadyapi isa prakAra kI mUrtiyoM ke ullekha nahIM milate kintu 9 vIM se 12 vIM zatI I0 ke madhya sabhI kSetroM meM, vizeSataH uttara bhArata ke digambara sthaloM (devagar3ha, khajurAho) para aisI mUrtiyoM ke aneka udAharaNa haiM / sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ khajurAho aura devagar3ha meM haiN| isa varga meM aisI mUrtiyoM ko nahIM rakhA gayA hai, jinameM dhyAnastha tIrthaMkara ke donoM ora do kAyotsarga jina mUrtiyA~ banI haiM jaise pArzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha kI mUrti / vastutaH isa varga meM kevala unhIM mUrtiyoM ko rakhA gayA hai, jinameM samAna vivaraNoM vAlI do yA tIna jinoM kI mUrtiyAM eka sAtha aura eka hI mudrA meM banI haiM / ina mUrtiyoM meM sabhI jinoM ke sAtha alaga-alaga aSTaprAtihArya, yakSa-yakSI yugala evaM isI prakAra anya AkRtiyAM pradarzita kI gaI haiN| dvitIrthI aura tritIrthI mUrtiyoM meM yA to eka hI jina kI yA phira alaga-alaga jinoM kI do yA tIna mUrtiyAM banI haiN| alaga-alaga jinoM vAlI mUrtiyoM kA uddezya nizcitarUpa se vibhinna jinoM ko eka sAtha aura samAna pratiSThA ke sAtha nirUpita karanA rahA hai / isa prakAra ina mUrtiyoM ko jaina saMghATa yA saMyukta mUrtiyoM kI koTi meM bhI rakhA jA sakatA hai| khajurAho meM dvitIrthI mUrtiyoM ke 9 udAharaNa haiM / eka mUrti zAMtinAtha maMdira ke ahAte meM aura zeSa khajurAho ke hI sA0 zAM0 ja0 ka0 evaM purAtAtvika saMgrahAlayoM meM surakSita haiM / 10vIM se 12vIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI ina mUrtiyoM meM aSTaprAtihArya pradarzita haiM / zAMtinAtha maMdira ke ahAte kI mUrti ke atirikta anya kisI bhI udAharaNa meM lAMchana nahIM dikhAyA gayA hai / zAMtinAtha maMdira kI mUrti meM bhI kevala eka hI jina ke Asana para gaja lAMchana (ajitanAtha) spaSTa hai / sabhI udAharaNoM meM jina kAyotsarga meM nirvastra khar3e haiM / jina mUrtiyoM meM alaga-alaga lAMchanoM ke aMkana kI paraMparA ke bAda bhI dvitIrthI mUrtiyoM meM lAMchanoM kA na utkIrNa kiyA jAnA Azcaryajanaka hai / ATha udAharaNoM meM jinoM ke sAtha dvibhuja yA caturbhuja yakSa-yakSI bhI nirUpita haiM / dvitIrthI mUrtiyoM meM donoM jinoM ke sAtha samAna lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI kA nirUpaNa huA hai / dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI ke karoM meM abhayamudrA (yA padma) aura jalapAtra (yA phala) pradarzita haiM / 5 udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI caturbhuja haiM aura unake hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, padma (yA zakti), padma (yA padma se lipaTI pustikA) evaM phala (yA jalapAtra) haiN| ina mUrtiyoM ke parikara meM kabhIkabhI choTI jina AkRtiyAM bhI banI haiM /

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tIrthaMkara yA jina mUrtiyA~ tritIrthI jina mUrti khajurAho meM kevala eka hI tritIrthI jina mUrti hai / lagabhaga 11vIM zatI I0 kI yaha mUrti maMdira 15 meM hai / isa mUrti meM neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyAM banI haiM / neminAtha aura mahAvIra ko siMhAsana ke sthAna para sAmAnya pIThikA para kramazaH zaMkha aura siMha lAMchana ke sAtha utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai| pArzvanAtha ke sira para sAta sarpaphaNoM kA chatra hai / siMhAsana ke atirikta anya sabhI prAtihArya tInoM hI jinoM ke sAtha utkIrNa haiM | jina caumukhI yA pratimA sarvatobhadrakA pratimA sarvatobhadrikA yA sarvatobhadra pratimA kA artha aisI pratimA hai jo sabhI ora se zubha yA maMgalakArI hai / aisI mUrtiyoM ko jina caumukhI yA caturmukha bhI kahA gayA hai / " jina caumukhI mUrtiyoM meM eka hI zilAkhaMDa meM cAroM ora cAra jina mUrtiyA~ banI hotI haiM / pahalI zatI I0 meM mathurA meM inakA nirmANa prArambha huA / kuSANa kAlIna caumukhI mUrtiyoM meM cAroM dizAoM meM cAra alaga-alaga jinoM kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / la0 7 vIM 8 vIM zatI I0 meM aisI caumukhI mUrtiyoM kA aMkana bhI prArambha huA jinameM cAroM ora eka hI jina kI cAra AkRtiyAM banI haiN| aisI mUrtiyoM meM sAmAnyataH jinoM ke lAMchana nahIM utkIrNa haiM / isa varga kI 1023 I0 kI eka mUrti rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM hai / pIThikA lekha meM isa mUrtiko vardhamAna ( mahAvIra ) kA catubimba kahA gayA hai| jina caumukhI mUrtiyoM meM adhikAMzataH kuSANa kAlIna mUrtiyoM kI vizeSatAoM ko hI pradarzita kiyA gayA hai / 24 jinoM ke lAMchanoM ke nirdhAraNa ke bAda bhI cAra meM se kevala do hI jinoM ke sAtha kramazaH jaTAoM (RSabhanAtha) aura sira para sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra ( pArzvanAtha) ke pradarzana kI kuSANa kAlIna paramparA pracalita rahI / la0 AThavIM-navIM zatI I0 meM caumukhI mUrtiyoM meM parikara meM laghu jina AkRtiyoM, prAtihAryo aura kabhI-kabhI yakSa-yakSI yugaloM aura navagrahoM ko bhI dikhAyA jAne lagA / sAtha hI caumukhI mUrtiyoM kA zIrSabhAga choTe jinAlayoM ke rUpa meM bhI banane lagA jinameM Upara kI ora Amalaka aura kalaza bhI utkIrNa hue| caturmukha jinAlaya ke pramukha udAharaNa pahAr3apura (baMgAla, la0 9 vIM zatI I0 ) aura gunA (madhya pradeza, 11 vIM zatI I0 ) meM haiM | 53 khajurAho meM caumukhI mUrti kA kevala eka hI udAharaNa hai jo sthAnIya purAtAttvika saMgrahAlaya (kramAMka 1588) meM hai / isa caumukhI mUrti meM cAroM ora jinoM kI cAra dhyAnastha mUrtiyA~ banIM haiM | aSTaprAtihAryoM se yukta cAra jinoM meM se kevala do kI pahacAna jaTAoM aura sAta sarpakaNoM ke chatra ke AdhAra para kramazaH RSabhanAtha aura pArzvanAtha se sambhava hai / isa prakAra yaha caumukhI spaSTataH mathurA kI kuSANa kAlIna caumukhI mUrtiyoM ke anukaraNa para banI hai / pratyeka jina ke sAtha parikara meM 12 laghu jina AkRtiyA~ banI haiM / isa prakAra cAra 1. epigrAphiyA iNDikA, khaM0 2, pR0 202-03, 210, bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0, pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 48; agravAla, bI0 esa0 pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 27, de, sudhIna, "caumukha e simbAlika jaina ArTa", jaina jarnala, khaM0 6, aM0 1, pR0 27 /

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54 khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva mukhya jinoM sahita parikara kI 48 choTI jina AkRtiyoM ko milAkara isa caumukhI meM kula 52 jina AkRtiyA~ haiN| caumukhI kI 52 jina mUrtiyA~ nandIzvara paTTa para 52 jinAlayoM yA jina AkRtiyoM ke aMkana kI paramparA se prabhAvita pratIta hotI haiM / ' caumukhI mUrti kA UparI bhAga mandira ke zikhara ke rUpa meM nirmita hai / jIvana-dRzya 10vI-12vIM zatI I0 ke madhya zvetAmbara sthaloM para vibhinna jinoM ke paMca-kalyANakoM evaM jIvana kI kucha anya mahatvapUrNa ghaTanAoM kA aMkana vizeSa lokapriya thaa| osiyAM, kuMbhAriyA aura dilavAr3A ke jaina mandiroM meM RSabhanAtha, zAMtinAtha, munisuvrata, neminAtha, pAzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke jIvana se sambandhita paryApta dRzyAMkana hai, kintu digambara sthaloM para patA nahIM kina kAraNoM se jinoM ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ke aMkana ke udAharaNa nahIM milte| mathurA, devagar3ha aura khajurAho jaise samRddha jaina purAsthaloM para bhI kevala jinoM ke janma yA dIkSA abhiSeka se sambandhita ekAva dRzya hI utkIrNa haiM / khajurAho kA akelA udAharaNa mandira-4 ke uttaraMga para hai, jisameM kisI jina ke dIkSA-kalyANaka kA prasaMga darzAyA gayA hai| phalaka ke dAhine chora para dhyAnamudrA meM eka jina AkRti banI hai jisake samIpa hI do puruSa AkRtiyAM khar3I haiM jinameM se eka ke hAtha kI sAmagrI vastra jaisI hai| samIpa hI sAta anya AkRtiyA~ ghaTa aura mAlA ke sAtha khar3I hai; eka AkRti zaMkha bhI bajA rahI hai / 1. zAha, yU0 pI0, sTaDIja ina jaina ArTa, pR0 120 /

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adhyAya- 5 yakSa-yakSI mUrtiyA~ sAmAnya vikAsa jaina devakula meM 24 jinoM ke pazcAt unake yakSa-yakSiyoM ko hI sarvAdhika pratiSThA prApta hai / jinoM ke sAtha aura svataMtra rUpa meM inakA anekazaH aMkana huA hai| jaina graMthoM meM inakA yakSa aura pakSiyoM ke atirikta jinoM ke zAsana tathA upAsaka devoM ke rUpa meM bhI ullekha huA hai / " pratyeka jina ke sAtha eka yakSa-yakSI yugala kI kalpanA kI gayI jo unake caturvidha saMgha ke zAsaka aura rakSaka deva hote haiM / jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra samavasaraNa meM jinoM ke dharmopadeza ke pazcAt indra ne pratyeka jina ke sAtha sevaka devoM ke rUpa meM eka yakSa aura eka yakSI ko niyukta kiyA / zAsana devatAoM ke rUpa meM sarvadA jinoM ke samIpa rahane ke kAraNa hI jaina devakula meM jinoM ke bAda yakSa aura yakSiyoM ko sarvAdhika pratiSThA milii| jina mUrtiyoM meM yakSa aura yakSI siMhAsana yA pIThikA ke kramazaH dAhine ora bAyeM choroM para nirUpita haiM / inheM adhikAMzataH lalitamudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai / la0 chaThI zatI I0 meM jina mUrtiyoM meM aura la0 navIM zatI I0 meM svataMtra mUrtiyoM ke rUpa meM yakSa-yakSiyoM kA aMkana prArambha huA / svataMtra mUrtiyoM meM yakSa aura yakSiyoM ke zIrSa bhAga meM choTI jina AkRtiyA~ bhI banI haiM jinase jinoM kI yakSa-yakSiyoM para zreSThatA aura sAtha hI unake jaina devakula se saMbaMdhita hone kA bhAva vyakta kiyA gayA hai / 24 yakSa evaM yakSiyoM kI sUcI meM adhikAMza ke nAma evaM unakI lAkSaNika vizeSatAyeM brAhmaNa aura kucha udAharaNoM meM bauddha devakula ke devatAoM se prabhAvita haiM / jaina dharma meM brAhmaNa devakula ke viSNu, ziva, brahmA, indra, skandakAttikeya, kAlI, gaurI, sarasvatI, cAmuNDA aura bauddha devakula kI tArA, vajrazRMkhalA, vajratArA evaM vajrAMkuzI ke nAmoM aura lakSaNoM ko grahaNa kiyA gayA / RSabhanAtha ke yakSa-yakSI gomukha aura cakrezvarI haiM jo zaiva evaM vaiSNava dharmoM ke pratinidhi devatAoM ziva aura vaiSNavI se saMbaMdhita pratIta hote haiM / 1. prazAsanAH zAsanadevatAzca yA jinAMzcaturviMzatimAzritAH sadA / hitAH satAmapraticakrayAnvitAH prayAcitAH sannihitA bhavantu tAH // harivaMzapurANa 66. 43-44 2. zAha, yU0pI0, "inTroDakzana Apha zAsanadevatAja ina jaina vazipa", prosIDiMgsa aiNDa TrAnjekzaMsa Apha oriyanTala kAnphreMsa, bIsavA~ adhivezana, bhuvanezvara, akTUbara 1968, pR0 151-52; banarjI, je0 ena0, di DevalapameMTa Apha hindU AikanogrAphI, kalakattA, 1956, pR0 561-63; bhaTTAcArya, bI0, di iNDiyana buddhisTa AikanogrAphI, kalakattA, 1968, 1056, 235, 240, 242, 297 /

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56 khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva jaina graMthoM meM la0 chaThI-sAtavIM zatI I0 meM yakSa-yakSI yugala ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama sarvAnubhUti (sarvoha yA yakSezvara) aura aMbikA kA ullekha huA hai| yahI yakSa-yakSI yugala mUrtiyoM meM sabase pahale nirUpita hue| mUrta aMkanoM meM bhI sarvatra yahI yugala sabase adhika lokapriya the / la0 chaThI se navIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI mUrtiyoM meM sabhI jinoM ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI ke rUpa meM sarvAnubhUti evaM aMbikA hI nirUpita haiN| harivaMza purANa ( 783 I0 ) aura mahApurANa ( 960 I0 ) meM siMhavAhinI aMbikA tathA apraticakrA evaM siddhAyikA Adi yakSiyoM ke nAmollekha haiM / la0 AThavI-navIM zatI I0 meM yadyapi caubIsa yakSa aura yakSiyoM ke nAmoM kI sUcI banI kintu unake svataMtra lakSaNa 11vIM-12vIM zatI I0 meM hI nirdhArita hue|2 zilpa meM la0 10vIM zatI I0 meM RSabhanAtha, zAMtinAtha, pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra ke sAtha sarvAnubhUti aura aMbikA ke sthAna para pAraMparika yA svataMtra lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kA nirUpaNa prAraMbha huaa| adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM RSabhanAtha, neminAtha aura pArzvanAtha ke sAtha gomukhacakrezvarI, sarvAnubhUti-aMbikA evaM dharaNendra-padmAvatI kA aMkana huA hai| devagar3ha aura khajurAho kI kucha mUrtiyoM meM mahAvIra ke sAtha svataMtra lakSaNoM vAle mAtaMga aura siddhAyikA kI akRtiyA~ banI haiM / svataMtra mUrtiyoM meM bhI gomukha-cakrezvarI evaM sarvAla (yA sarvAnubhUti yA kubera)-aMbikA kI hI sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ haiN| yakSoM kI apekSA yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ adhika haiM jo saMbhavataH jaina dharma meM zakti upAsanA ke vizeSa prabhAvI hone kA saMketa hai| 24 yakSiyoM ke sAmUhika aMkana ke tIna udAharaNa milate haiM, para yakSoM ke sAmUhika aMkana kA prayAsa nahIM kiyA gyaa| 24 yakSiyoM kI sAmUhika mUrtiyA~ devagar3ha ( lalitapura, u0pra0 maMdira-12, 862 I0), patiyAnadAI ( aMbikA mUrti, satanA, madhya pradeza, 11vIM zatI I0 ) evaM vArabhujI guphA ( khaNDagiri, purI, ur3IsA, la0 11vIM-12vIM zatI I0 ) meM haiN| khajurAho kI yakSa-yakSI mUrtiyA~ : sAmAnya nirUpaNa khajurAho meM jinoM ke pazcAt yakSa aura yakSiyoM kI hI sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ haiM / jina mUrtiyoM ke siMhAsana choroM para aMkana ke sAtha hI inakI svataMtra mUrtiyA~ bhI banIM / svataMtra mUrtiyoM meM inheM sAmAnyataH lalitamudrA meM aura zIrSa bhAga meM eka choTI jina AkRti ke sAtha dikhAyA gayA / khajurAho meM sabhI 24 yakSa-yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ nahIM haiN| sAmAnyataH inake nirUpaNa meM, vizeSataH viziSTa lakSaNoM ke sandarbha meM, upalabdha digambara graMthoM ke nirdezoM kA pAlana huA hai| kintu svataMtra lakSaNoM vAlI yakSa-yakSI mUrtiyA~ bhI haiM jo kisI sthAnIya paraMparA se nirdezita pratIta hotI haiN| yakSoM kI apekSA yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ adhika haiM aura unake nirUpaNa meM svarUpagata vaividhya bhI dRSTigata hotA hai| yakSoM meM kevala sarvAnubhUti (yA kubera) kI hI svataMtra mRtiyA~ milI haiM / RSabhanAtha aura pArzvanAtha ke gomukha aura dharaNendra yakSoM kA nirUpaNa kevala jinasayuMkta mUrtiyoM meM hI huA hai| dUsarI ora yakSiyoM meM jaina dharma ke cAroM pramukha jinoM, 1. tiloyapaNNatti 4. 934-39; pravacanasAroddhAra 375-78 / 2. nirvANakalikA (la0 11vIM zatI I0); trizaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra ( 12vIM zatI I0); pratiSThAsArasaMgraha (12vIM zatI I0); pratiSThAsAroddhAra evaM pratiSThAtilakam /

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yakSa-yakSI mUrtiyA~ 57 (RSabhanAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha, aura mahAvIra) kI yakSiyoM kI svataMtra mUrtiyA~ milatI haiM / ye yakSiyA~ kramazaH cakrezvarI, aMbikA, padmAvatI aura siddhAyikA haiM / purAtAttvika saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho meM manovegA yakSI kI bhI eka mUrti hai| __khajurAho meM ajitanAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI mUrtiyoM meM kabhI-kabhI yakSa aura yakSI AkRAtayoM ke sthAna para pIThikA choroM para laghu jina AkRtiyA~ banI haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki khajurAho kA kalAkAra kevala RSabhanAtha ke gomukha-cakrezvarI, neminAtha ke kuberaaMbikA aura pArzvanAtha ke dharaNendra-padmAvatI ke hI pAraMparika svarUpoM se paricita thaa| mahAvIra kI mUrtiyoM meM yadyapi mAMtaga aura siddhAyikA svataMtra lakSaNoM vAle haiM kintu unakA svarUpa na to paraMparAsammata hai aura na hI kisI sthAnIya paraMparA ke AdhAra para nirdhArita / siddhAyikA ke rUpa meM vaiSNavI ke lakSaNoM vAlI devI nirUpita haiN| aba hama khajurAho kI svataMtra mUrtiyoM ke AdhAra para sarvAnubhUti yakSa tathA cakra zvarI, manovegA, aMbikA, padmAvatI aura siddhAyikA yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyoM kA adhyayana kareMge / sarvAla yA sarvAnubhUti ( yA kubera ) yakSa ___ sarvAnubhUti yA kubera 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke yakSa haiM / ' yahA~ ullekhanIya hai ki mUrtiyoM meM paraMparA ke anurUpa neminAtha ke sAtha nara para ArUr3ha trimukha gomedha yakSa ke sthAna para sarvadA dhana ke thaile se yukta gajArUr3ha sarvAnubhUti yakSa ko hI AmUrtita kiyA gayA hai| sarvAnubhUti ke hAtha meM dhana ke thaile ( nakulaka ) kA pradarzana sabhI kSetroM meM lokapriya thA, para gajavAhana evaM karoM meM pAza evaM aMkuza kevala zvetAmbara sthaloM para hI dRSTigata hote haiM / la0 chaThI zatI I0 meM sarvAnubhUti kI mUrtiyA~ bananI prAraMbha huii| khajurAho meM sarvAnubhUti kI svatantra evaM jina-saMyukta donoM hI prakAra kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / sarvAnubhUti niHsandeha khajurAho meM sarvAdhika lokapriya yakSa thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki pArzvanAtha ke dharaNendra yakSa ke atirikta anya sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha yA to dvibhuja sarvAnubhUti kI AkRti banI hai yA phira una para sarvAnubhUti ke lakSaNoM kA spaSTa prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai / RSabhanAtha tathA mahAvIra kI mUrtiyoM meM bhI yakSa nidhi ke thaile se yukta haiM jo sarvAnubhUti kA hI prabhAva darzAte haiN| jADina saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho kI zAntinAtha evaM purAtattva saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho kI saMbhavanAtha ( kramAMka 1715) mUrtiyoM meM bhI yakSa ke rUpa meM phala aura nidhithaile se yukta sarvAnubhUti hI AkArita haiM / 1. neminAtha ke yakSa ko trimukha evaM SaDbhuja tathA gomedha saMjJA aura nara yA puSpa vAhana vAlA batAyA gayA hai / gomedha ke hAthoM meM mudgara, parazu, daNDa, phala, dhana, vajra evaM varadamudrA kA ullekha milatA hai / jaina granthoM meM kubera 19veM tIrthaMkara mallinAtha ke yakSa ke rUpa meM nirUpita haiN| pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.150; pratiSThAtilakam 7.22 2. tivArI, mAruti nandanaprasAda, jaina pratimAvijJAna, vArANasI, 1981, pR0 218-22.

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58 khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva khajurAho meM sarvAnubhUti kI kula cAra svatantra mUrtiyA~ ( 10vIM-11vIM zatI I0) haiM / inameM caturbhuja sarvAnubhUti lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna haiN| zAMtinAtha maMdira evaM mandira 4 kI do mUrtiyoM meM sarvAnubhUti ke UparI karoM meM padma aura nicale meM phala aura nidhithailA haiN| anya do mUrtiyA~ zAMtinAtha maMdira ke samIpa ke staMbhoM para utkIrNa haiM / eka udAharaNa meM tIna surakSita hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, padma evaM nidhi-thailA pradarzita hai| caraNoM ke samIpa do ghaTa bhI utkIrNa haiM jo saMbhavataH nidhi-pAtra haiN| neminAtha kI jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM dvibhuja yakSa ke dAhine hAtha se yA to abhayamudrA vyakta hai yA phira phala pradarzita hai aura bAyeM hAtha meM nidhi-thailA dikhAyA gayA hai| khajurAho kI mUrtiyA~ mUrtilakSaNa kI dRSTi se anya digambara sthaloM kI mUrtiyoM ke samAna haiM / cakrezvarI yakSI cakrezvarI RSabhanAtha kI yakSI hai| digambara granthoM meM usake kevala caturbhuja aura dvAdazabhuja svarUpoM kA dhyAna kiyA gayA hai| caturbhuja svarUpa meM yakSI ke do hAthoM meM cakra aura zeSa meM mAtuliMga aura varada-mudrA ke ullekha haiM / dvAdazabhujI yakSI ke ATha hAthoM meM cakra, do meM vajra aura anya do meM mAtuliMga aura varadamudrA ke pradarzana kA vidhAna hai|' khajurAho meM aMbikA ke bAda cakrezvarI kI hI sarvAdhika svatantra mUrtiyAM haiM / garuDavAhanA ( mAnava rUpa meM ) cakrezvarI sAmAnyataH kirITamukuTa se sajjita haiM / khajurAho meM cakra zvarI kI dvibhuja, caturbhuja, SaDbhuja, aSTabhuja aura dazabhuja mUrtiyA~ haiM / isa prakAra cakrezvarI ke nirUpaNa meM svarUpagata vividhatA spaSTa hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki kisI sthAnIya paraMparA ke antargata vibhinna rUpoM meM yakSI kA aMkana huA / mUrtiyoM meM garuDavAhana tathA cakra kA pradarzana paraMparAsammata hai, kintu karoM meM zaMkha aura gadA kA pradarzana vaiSNavI kA prabhAva hai / __ khajurAho meM cakra zvarI kI 10vIM se 12vIM zatI I0 kI 32 jinasaMyukta mUrtiyA~ haiM / RSabhanAtha ke sAtha yadyapi kabhI-kabhI yakSa vRSAnana nahIM bhI hai, kintu yakSI sadA cakrezvarI hI hai| kevala do udAharaNoM meM yakSI dvibhujA haiM aura usake hAthoM meM abhayamudrA aura cakra haiN| anya sabhI udAharaNoM meM yakSI caturbhujA hai aura usake hAthoM meM sAmAnyataH abhayamudrA, gadA ( yA padma ), cakra evaM zaMkha haiN| khajurAho meM caka zvarI kI 13 svatantra mUrtiyA~ bhI haiM jinameM se nau uttaraMgoM para haiN| inameM cakrezvarI cAra se 10 hAthoM vAlI haiM / pArzvanAtha, ghaNTaI evaM AdinAtha maMdiroM ke lalATabimba meM cakrezvarI kI AkRti banI hai / khajurAho meM 10vIM zatI I0 meM hI cakrezvarI kI ATha aura 10 hAthoM vAlI mUrtiyA~ banI jo pratimAlakSaNa kI dRSTi se cakrezvarI mUrtiyoM ke tIna vikAsa ko spaSTa karatI 1. vAme cakrezvarIdevI sthApyadvAdazasadbhujA / dhatte hastadvayevaje cakrANi ca tathASTasu / / ekena bIjapUraM tu varadA kamalAsanA / caturbhujAthavA cakra dvayorgaruDavAhanam / / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5. 15-16; pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.156

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yakSa-yakSI mUrtiyA~ haiM / ghaNTaI maMdira ke lalATabimba kI aSTabhujA cakrezvarI ke hAthoM meM phala, ghaNTA, cakra, cakra, cakra, cakra, dhanuSa aura kalaza haiN| pArzvanAtha maMdira ke lalATabimba kI dazabhujA cakra zvarI ke do hAthoM meM cakra aura zeSa meM varadamudrA, khaDga, gadA, padma, kArmuka, phalaka, gadA aura zaMkha haiN| mandira 1/14 ke uttaraMga kI SaDbhujI mUti ( 11vIM zatI I0 ) meM cakrezvarI ke cAra hAthoM meM cakra aura do meM varadamudrA aura zaMkha haiN| 10vIM-11vIM zatI I0 ke anya 6 udAharaNoM meM cakrezvarI caturbhajA haiM aura usake hAthoM meM abhaya ( yA varada )-mudrA, gadA, cakra aura zaMkha haiN| uttaraMgoM ke atirikta cAra anya svatantra mUrtiyA~ ( 11vIM zatI I0) bhI haiN| inameM se eka udAharaNa ke atirikta anya meM yakSI caturbhujA haiM / SaDbhujI mUrti meM cakra zvarI ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, gadA, challA, cakra, padma evaM zaMkha haiN| caturbhujI mUrtiyoM meM yakSI ke karoM meM abhaya yA varada-mudrA, gadA ( yA cakra ), cakra evaM zaMkha ( yA phala ) pradarzita haiN| manovegA digambara granthoM meM azvavAhanA manovegA ko caturbhujA aura karoM meM varadamudrA, kheTaka, khaDga aura mAtuliMga se yukta batAyA gayA hai|' khajurAho ke purAtAttvika saMgrahAlaya meM aisI eka mUrti ( kramAMka 940 ) hai jisakI pahacAna azvavAhana ke AdhAra para chaThe tIrthakara padmaprabha kI yakSI manovegA se kI jA sakatI hai| caturbhujA devI ke tIna hAtha khaNDita haiM aura eka meM cakrAkAra padma hai| tribhaMga meM avasthita devI kI pIThikA para azvavAhana kI AkRti banI hai / 11vIM zatI I0 kI isa mUrti meM donoM pAzvoM meM sevikAoM aura parikara meM lalitAsIna deviyoM kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| parikara kI caturbhujA devI ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, padma, padma-pustaka aura jalapAtra haiM / ina deviyoM kI pahacAna sarasvatI se kI jA sakatI hai| aMbikA yA kuSmAMDinI ___ aMbikA yA kuSmANDI 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI yakSI haiM jise AmrAdevI bhI kahA gayA hai / jaina dharma kI prAcInatama yakSI hone ke kAraNa hI yakSiyoM meM aMbikA sabase adhika lokapriya rahI haiM / isa lokapriyatA ke kAraNa hI zvetAmbara sthaloM para 24 yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kI svatantra dhAraNA ke vikAsa ke bAda bhI sabhI jinoM ke sAtha yakSI ke rUpa meM aMbikA kA hI nirUpaNa huA hai| digambara granthoM meM yakSI kA yadyapi dvibhuja aura caturbhaja donoM hI rUpoM meM dhyAna kiyA gayA hai, kintu Ayudha kevala do hI hAthoM ke nirdiSTa kiye gaye haiM / aMbikA kA vAhana siMha hai aura usake dAhine hAtha meM AmralaMbi tathA bAyeM meM bAlaka ( priyaMkara ) kA ullekha hai| yakSI Amra vRkSa kI chAyA meM AsIna hogI aura usake samIpa hI dUsare putra ( zubhaMkara ) kI bhI AkRti banI hogii| 1. pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5. 28; pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.161 2. devI kuSmANDinI yasya siMhagA haritaprabhA / caturhastajinendrasya mahAbhaktivirAjitaH // dvinujA siMhamArUDhA AmrodavI haritprabhA / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5. 64, 66; pratiSThAsArobAra 3. 176

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva 2 khajurAho meM aMbikA kI sarvAdhika svataMtra mUrtiyA~ haiM jinakI saMkhyA 11 hai / ye mUrtiyA~ 10vIM se 12 vIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI haiN| svataMtra mUrtiyoM ke atirikta jaina maMdiroM ke uttaraMgoM para bhI aMbikA kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / eka udAharaNa (pArzvanAtha maMdira ) ke atirikta anya sabhI mUrtiyoM meM aMbikA caturbhujA haiM / aMbikA ke sAtha siMha vAhana tathA zIrSa bhAga meM AmravRkSa aura karoM meM AmraluMbi aura bAlaka ke pradarzana meM parapaMrA kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai| khajurAho meM dvibhuja ke sthAna para aMbikA kA caturbhujA svarUpa vizeSa lokapriya thA / yahA~ ullekhanIya hai ki khajurAho ke atirikta anya sabhI digambara sthaloM para paraMparA ke anurUpa aMbikA kI dvibhuja mUrtiyA~ hI banIM / 60 / 11 svataMtra mUrtiyoM meM se do-do kramazaH pArzvanAtha aura AdinAtha maMdiroM para haiM / anya udAharaNa sthAnIya saMgrahAlayoM evaM anya jaina maMdiroM meM haiM / sAta udAharaNoM meM aMbikA tribhaMga meM aura anya meM lalitamudrA meM haiM / aMbikA kI dvibhujI mUrti pArzvanAtha maMdira ke dakSiNI bhitti para hai / isa mUrti meM tribhaMga meM khar3I aMbikA ke dAhine hAtha meM AmraluMbi aura bAyeM meM bAlaka haiM / isa udAharaNa meM siMha vAhana kI AkRti nahIM banI hai / aMbikA kI caturbhuja mUrtiyoM meM nIce ke do hAthoM meM AmraluMbi evaM bAlaka aura UparI hAthoM meM phala ( yA padma meM lipaTI pustikA) pradarzita haiM kevala maMdira 13 kI eka mUrti hI isakA apavAda hai jisameM Urdhva karoM meM padma ke sthAna para aMkuza aura pAza pradarzita haiM / zvetAmbara parapaMrA ke graMthoM meM aMbikA ko caturbhujA aura do hAthoM meM AmraluMbi evaM putra tathA anya do meM pAza aura akuMza se yukta nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / ' 11 vIM zatI I0 kI cAra mUrtiyoM meM dakSiNa pArzva meM dUsarA putra bhI nirUpita huA hai| svataMtra mUrtiyoM meM aMbikA ke sAtha do pArzvavartI sevikAoM kI AkRtiyA~ bhI dikhAI gaI haiM jinake eka hAtha meM cAmara ( yA padma ) hai / parikara meM upAsakoM, gandharvoM evaM mAlAdharoM kA bhI aMkana huA hai / purAtAttvika saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho kI eka mUrti (11vIM zatI I0, kramAMka 1608) meM aMbikA ke pratimAlakSaNa ke vikAsa kI usa sthiti ko abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai jahA~ aMbikA jina ke samAna pratiSThA prApta kara letI haiM / isa mUrti kI pIThikA para jina mUrtiyoM ke sAmAna dvibhuja yakSa-yakSa kI bhI AkRtiyA~ banIM haiN| dhana ke thaile se yukta yakSa kubera haiM kintu yakSI sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI haiM jisake hAthoM meM abhaya mudrA evaM jalamAtra haiM / isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki siMha vAhana, Amra vRkSa tathA karoM meM AmraluMbi evaM putra ke pradarzana meM khajurAho ke kalAkAroM ne parapaMrA ke prati pratibaddhatA dikhalAI hai / kintu yakSI kA caturbhuja svarUpa aura do Urdhva karoM meM padma ( yA padma meM lipaTI pustikA) aura aMkuza evaM pAza kA pradarzana khajurAho kI aMbikA mUrtiyoM kI sthAnIya vizeSatA hai / 1. nirvANakAlikA 18.22; ziSTizAlAkApuruSacaritra 8.9.385-86 / ambAdevI kanakakAntiruciH siMhavAhanA caturbhujA / AluMbipAzayuktadakSiNa karadvayA putrAMkuzAsaktavAmakaradvayA ca / / pravacanasAroddhAra 22, pR0 94

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yakSa-yakSI mUrtiyA~ padmAvatI yakSI padmAvatI pArzvanAtha kI yakSI haiN| aMbikA aura cakrezvarI ke bAda khajurAho meM padmAvatI kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ haiN| jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM ke atirikta padmAvatI kI tIna svataMtra mUrtiyA~ bhI haiM / digambara paraMparA ke graMthoM meM kukkuTa-sarpa (yA padma)-vAhanA padmAvatI kA caturbhuja, SaDbhuja evaM caturviMzatibhuja rUpoM meM dhyAna kiyA gayA hai| caturbhujA padmAvatI ke tIna hAthoM meM aMkuza, akSasUtra evaM padma; tathA SaDbhujA yakSI ke karoM meM pAza, khaDga, zUla, bAlendu, gadA evaM mUsala ke ullekha haiN|' isa prakAra padmAvatI ke hAthoM meM mukhyataH padma, pAza, aMkuza tathA vAhana ke rUpa meM kukkuTa yA kukkuTasarpa aura zIrSa bhAga meM tIna, pA~ca, yA sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra ke pradarzana kI paraMparA thii| sarpa se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa hI mUrta udAharaNoM meM yakSI ke karoM meM sAmAnyataH sarpa bhI dikhAyA gayA hai / ___ khajurAho kI pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSI adhikAMzataH sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI haiM / 11vIM zatI I0 kI sA0 zAM0 jai0 ka0 saMgrahAlaya kI do mUrtiyoM ( ke0 100, ke0 68 ) meM yakSI caturbhujA aura pA~ca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se zobhita haiN| yakSI ke karoM meM abhayamudrA, sarpa, padma aura jalapAtra pradarzita haiM / ___ khajurAho meM padmAvatI kI tIna svataMtra mUrtiyA~ haiM / 11vIM zatI I0 kI ye mUrtiyA~ vibhinna uttaraMgoM para haiN| AdinAtha maMdira evaM mandira-8 ke udAharaNoM meM yahI kA vAhana kukkuTa hai aura usake sira pA~ca sarpaphaNoM kA chatra pradarzita hai| AdinAtha maMdira kI muta meM lalitAsIna padmAvatI ke karoM meM abhayamudrA, pAza, padma-kalikA evaM jalapAtra haiN| maMdira-8 kI mUrti meM devI khar3I haiM aura unake do avaziSTa karoM meM varadamudrA aura padma haiN| jADina saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho kI tIsarI mUrti (kramAMka 1467) meM yakSI lalita-mudrA meM virAjamAna hai aura usakA vAhana kukkuTa hai tathA usake sira para sAta sarpaphaNoM kA chatra hai| yakSI ke tIna avaziSTa karoM meM varadamudrA, pAza aura aMkuza pradarzita haiN| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki khajurAho meM padmAvatI ke nirUpaNa meM kukkuTa vAhana tathA karoM meM padma, pAza aura aMkuza ke saMdarbha meM digambara paraMparA kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai / aMtima mUrti pUrI taraha se aparAjitapRcchA ke vivaraNoM ke anurUpa hai| siddhAyikA yakSI siddhAyikA yA siddhAyinI mahAvIra kI yakSI hai| mahAvIra kI yakSI hone ke bAda bhI siddhAyikA kI svataMtra mUrtiyA~ nahIM banI aura mahAvIra kI mUrtiyoM meM bhI yakSI kA pAraMparika svarUpa nahIM abhivyakta huaa| kevala devagar3ha evaM khajurAho meM hI siddhAyikA kI 1. pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5. 67-78; pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3. 174 / 2. pAzAMkuzau padmavare raktavarNA caturbhujA / padmAsanA kukkuTasthA khyAtA padmAvatIti ca // aparAjitapRcchA 221. 37 /

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62 khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva kucha svataMtra mUrtiyAM milI haiM aura jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM bhI yakSI kA svataMtra svarUpa prakaTa huA hai| digambara paraMparA meM siddhAyinI ko siMhavAhanA, dvibhujI tathA varada-mudrA aura pustaka dhAraNa kiye hue nirUpita kiyA gayA hai |digmbr paraMparA meM yakSI ke sAtha pustaka aura zvetAmbara paraMparA meM pustaka aura vINA donoM kA pradarzana, yakSI ke nirUpaNa meM sarasvatI kA prabhAva darzAtA hai| __ khajurAho meM mahAvIra kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSI ke rUpa meM siMha vAhana aura karoM meM phala, cakra, padma evaM zaMkha dhAraNa karane vAlI yakSI nirUpita hai, jo yakSI ke nirUpaNa meM vaiSNavI kA prabhAva dikhalAtI haiM / khajurAho meM siddhAyikA kI kevala eka svataMtra mUrti hai / yaha mUrti maMdira 10 ke uttaraMga para hai / 11vIM zatI I0 kI isa mUrti meM caturbhajA yakSI lalitamudrA meM AsIna hai / yakSI ke samIpa hI siMha vAhana kI AkRti banI hai / yakSI ke karoM meM varadamudrA, khaDga, kheTaka evaM jalapAtra haiM / pUrI taraha samAna lakSaNoM vAlI dUsarI mUrti devagar3ha ke maMdira 5 ke uttaraMga para dekhI jA sakatI hai / yaha mUrti digambara paraMparA se mela nahIM khAtI / saMbhavataH kisI sthAnIya paraMparA ke AdhAra para isakA nirmANa huA thA / re 1. siddhAyinI tathA devI dvibhujA kanakaprabhA / varadA pustakaM dhatte subhadrAsanamAzritA // ___ pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5. 73-74 pratimAsArobAra 3. 178 / 2. tivArI, ema0 ena0 pI0, elimenTsa Apha jaina AikanogrAphI, pR0 58-62 /

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adhyAya-6 vidyAdevI yA mahAvidyA mUrtiyA~ jaina dharma meM vidyAdeviyoM kI kalpanA paryApta prAcIna hai, jisake ullekha prAraMbhika jaina graMthoM : sthAnAMgasUtra, sUtrakRtAMga, aupapAtika sUtra, nAyAdhammakahAo evaM paumacariya meM prApta hote haiM / harivaMzapurANa (783 I0), trizaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra (12vIM zatI I0) tathA anya paravartI graMthoM meM bhI vidyAdeviyoM ke aneka ullekha haiM / jaina paramparA meM ina vidyAoM kI saMkhyA 48000 taka batAI gaI hai| vidyAdeviyoM kI isa saMkhyA meM se 16 pramukha vidyAdeviyoM kA cayana kara la0 9vIM zatI I0 ke anta meM 16 mahAvidyAoM kI eka sUcI niyata huii| sarvaprathama ina mahAvidyAoM kA vistRta nirUpaNa caturvizatikA ( bappabhaTTisUrikRta, 743-838 I0 ) meM huA hai, kintu yahA~ 16 ke sthAna para kevala 15 mahAvidyAyeM hI nirUpita haiM / 2 16 mahAvidyAoM kA prArambhika nirUpaNa stuticatuvizatikA ( yobhanamunikRta, la0 973 I0 ) evaM nirvANakalikA ( la0 10vIM-11vIM zatI I0 ) meM huA hai| ___ jaina zilpa meM ina mahAvidyAoM ke ukerana ke prAcInatama udAharaNa osiyA~ ( jodhapura, rAjasthAna ) ke mahAvIra maMdira ( la0 8vI-9vIM zatI I0 ) meM haiN| 9vIM zatI I0 ke bAda gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna ke jaina mandiroM para ina mahAvidyAoM kA anekazaH aMkana huA hai / 16 mahAvidyAoM ke sAmUhika citraNa ke pramukha udAharaNa kuMbhAriyA ( banAsakAMThA, gujarAta) ke zAMtinAtha maMdira (11vIM zatI I0) tathA dilavAr3A ke vimala vasahI (sirohI, rAjasthAnado samUha : raMgamaNDapa evaM devakulikA 41, 12vIM zatI I0 ) evaM lUNa vasahI ( sirohI, rAjasthAna, raMgamaNDapa, 1230 I0 ) meM haiN| __ jaina graMthoM meM 16 mahAvidyAoM kI sUcI meM nimnalikhita nAma milate haiM : 1-rohiNI, 2-prajJapti, :-vajrazRMkhalA, 4-vajrAMkuzA, 5-apraticakrA yA cakrezvarI ( zve0 ), jAMbUnadA ( di0), 6-naradattA yA puruSadattA, 7-kAlI yA kAlikA, 8-mahAkAlI, 9-gaurI, 10-gAMdhArI, 11-sarvAstramahAjvAlA yA jvAlA (zve0), jvAlAmAlinI (di0), 12-mAnavI, 13-vairoTyA ( zvai0 ), roTI ( di0), 14-acchuptA ( zve0 ), acyutA ( di0), 15-mAnasI, 16-mhaamaansii| 1. vistAra ke lie draSTavya, zAha, yU0 pI0, "AikanographI Ava di siksaTIna jaina mahAvidyAja", jarnala iNDiyana sosAyaTI Apha oriyaMTala ArTa, khaMDa-15. 1947, pR0 114-77 / 2. graMtha meM mahAjvAlA nAma kI mahAvidyA kA anullekha hai aura mAnasI nAma se varNita mAhavidyA saMyukta rUpa se mAnasI aura mahAjvAlA donoM kI vizeSatAoM se yukta hai|

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva khajurAho ke AdinAtha maMdira ke maMDovara kI 16 rathikAoM ( 794 64 se0 mI0 ) meM aisI deviyA~ AkArita haiM jinakI pahacAna saMkhyA aura lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para mahAvidyAoM se kI jA sakatI hai|' digambara sthala para mahAvidyAoM ke aMkana kA yaha ekamAtra jJAta udAharaNa hai| rathikAbiMboM kI 16 deviyoM ko vizeSa sammAnajanaka sthiti meM AkArita kiyA gayA hai / ina deviyoM ke sAtha caturbhujI deviyoM kI laghu AkRtiyoM, cAmaradhAriNI sevikAoM, upAsikAoM aura tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM kA bhI aMkana huA hai / yahA~ digambara graMtha pratiSThAsArasaMgraha ( 12vIM zatI I0 ), pratiSThAsAroddhAra (13vIM zatI I0) aura pratiSThAtilakam (1543 I0) ke AdhAra para ina deviyoM ko pahacAnane kA yatna kiyA gayA hai / ye deviyA~ cAra, chaH yA ATha hAthoM vAlI tathA alaMkRta mukuTa, hAra, stanahAra, bhujabaMdha, valaya, nUpura, karNapura evaM dhotI Adi se suzobhita haiM / do udAharaNoM ke atirikta jinameM deviyA~ tribhaMga meM haiM, anya meM unheM padma para lalitamudrA meM AsIna dikhAyA gayA hai| ina deviyoM ke zIrSa-bhAga meM eka jina AkRti aura donoM pAvoM meM abhayamudrA, padma, padma evaM jalapAtra se yukta caturbhuja deviyA~ AkArita haiM / maMDovara para uttara aura dakSiNa kI ora sAta-sAta aura pa.zcama kI ora do mUrtiyA~ haiM / yahA~ inakA vivaraNa dakSiNI bhitti kI mUrtiyoM se ( kramazaH Upara se nIce ) prArambha kiyA gayA hai| pahalI mUrti meM caturbhajA devI tribhaMga meM haiM aura unake avaziSTa vAma karoM meM cakra tathA jalapAtra haiM / vAhana kI AkRti aspaSTa hone ke kAraNa devI kI pahacAna saMbhava nahIM hai / dUsarI mUrti meM padmAsIna aSTabhujI devI azva vAhana ke sAtha nirUpita haiN| devI ke avaziSTa hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, eka lambI vastu, zara, dhanuSa, daNDa aura jalapAtra spaSTa haiM / azvavAhana ke AdhAra para devI kI pahacAna prajJapti' yA acyutA3 ( yA acchumA ) se saMbhava hai| graMthoM meM azvavAhanA caturbhujA acchuptA ke karoM meM dhanuSa ( yA zara ), kheTaka, khaDga aura bANa ke pradarzana kA vidhAna hai| tIsarI mUrti meM lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna SaDjA devI ke sira ke Upara sAta sarpaphaNoM kA chatra pradarzita hai / devI ke do avaziSTa dakSiNa karoM meM padma aura pAza haiM tathA vAhana ke rUpa meM kUrma AkArita hai| vAhana ke AdhAra para devI kI pahacAna gAMdhArI se saMbhava hai / " sarpa se sambaddha hone ke AdhAra para ise vairoTI se bhI pahacAnA jA sakatA hai / 6 cauthI lalitAsIna mUrti meM aSTabhujA devI kA vAhana siMha hai aura unake surakSita hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, gadA, trizUla, nakulaka, parazu aura zakti haiM / upalabdha granthoM ke AdhAra para isa devI kI pahacAna saMbhava nahIM 1. samprati do rathikAoM kI pratimAyeM pUrNatayA naSTa ho gaI haiM / 2. pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3. 38 / 3. pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3. 50 / 4. nirvANakalikA, pR0 37 / 5. pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3. 46 / 6. pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3. 49 /

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vinamtI yA mahAvidyA bhUtiyA~ hai| ullekhya hai ki kucha granthoM meM mahAmAnasI ko siMha vAhanA batAyA gayA hai|' pA~cavoM mUrti meM lalitamudrA meM padmAsIna aSTabhujA devI kA vAhana makara hai| devI ke avaziSTa karoM meM zUla, vajra, khaDga, phalaka aura pustaka pradarzita haiN| AcAradinakara meM mahAmAnasI ko makaravAhanA aura khaDga, kheTaka, ratna tathA varadamudrA se yukta batAyA gayA hai / 2 zIrSa bhAga kI laghu devI AkRtiyoM ko yahA~ abhaya, saka, pustaka aura jalapAtra tathA haMsa vAhana ke sAtha dikhAyA gayA hai / ye sarasvatI kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / chaThI aSTabhunI devI lalitAsana meM padmAsIna haiN| jaTAmukuTa tathA vRSabha vAhana vAlI devI ke surakSita hAthoM meM trizUla, padma aura pAza spaSTa haiN| devI kI pahacAna gaurI se kI jA sakatI hai / mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM vRSabhavAhanA devI ke hAthoM meM padma, akSamAlA, varadamudrA aura daNDa kA ullekha huA hai|3 sAtavIM mUrti meM caturbhujA aura lalitAsIna devI kA vAhana siMha hai aura unake eka avaziSTa pANi meM padma-pustaka pradarzita hai| devI kI pahacAna saMbhava nahIM hai / AThavIM mUrti atyanta khaMDita rUpa meM hai jisameM devI kA vAhana haMsa hai aura eka hAtha meM kheTaka pradarzita hai| vAhana ke AdhAra para devI kI pahacAna puruSadattA se kI jA sakatI hai jisakA digambara paraMparA meM vajra, padma, zaMkha aura phala ke sAtha dhyAna kiyA gayA hai| navI devI kI AkRti pUrNataH khaMDita hai| garuDavAhanA ( mAnavAkAra ) aSTabhujA devI ke sabhI hAtha naSTa ho cuke haiN| kintu garuDa vAhana ke AdhAra para devI ko apraticakrA se pahacAnA jA sakatA hai / ' dasavIM devI caturbhujA aura tribhaMga meM haiN| unake tIna avaziSTa karoM meM se eka se varadamudrA vyakta hai tathA anya do meM padma haiM / vAhana kI AkRti spaSTa nahIM hai / agalI devI aSTabhujA aura lalitAsana meM padmAsIna haiN| khaMDita bhujAoM vAlI devI kA vAhana gaja hai jisake AdhAra para inakI pahacAna vajrAMkuzA yA vajrazRMkhalA se kI jA sakatI hai| 12vIM aSTabhujI devI lalitAsIna aura mRgavAhanA haiM / devI ke do avaziSTa karoM meM abhayamudrA aura kheTaka hai| isa devI kI pahacAna kAlI se saMbhava hai jise digambara granthoM meM mRgavAhanA tathA karoM meM mUsala, khaDga, padma aura phala se yukta batAyA gayA hai / " agalI caturbhujA devI dhyAnamudrA meM padma para AsIna haiN| devI ke sabhI hAtha TUTe haiM aura vAhana bhI anupasthita hai / caudahavIM aSTabhujA devI padma para lalitAsIna aura mayUravAhana vAlI haiM / devI ke ATha hAthoM meM se kevala eka surakSita hai jisase abhayamudrA vyakta hai| mayUra vAhana 1. nirvANakalikA, pR0 37 / 2. AcAravinakara, bhAga-2, pratiSThAdhikAra 34. 16 / 3. mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.11 / 4. pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3. 42; pratiSThAtilakam 7. 6 / 5. nirvANakalikA, pR0 37 / 6. zAha, yU0 pI0, pUrva niviSTa, pR0 127-32 / 7. pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3. 43; pratihAnilakam 7. 7 /

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66 lajurAho kA jana purAtattva ke AdhAra para devI kI pahacAna jAMbUnadA se kI jA sakatI hai jise mayUra para ArUr3ha aura karoM meM khaDga, zUla, padma aura phala se yukta nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / " isa prakAra uparyukta deviyA~ spaSTataH 16 mahAvidyAoM kA nirUpaNa haiM / ye mUrtiyA~ adhikAMzataH upalabdha digambara granthoM ke vivaraNoM se kiMcit bhinna kisI sthAnIya paramparA ke AdhAra para ukerI gaI pratIta hotI haiM, jo samprati hameM upalabdha nahIM hai / <10:1- 1. pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3. 41; pratiSThAtilakam 7. 5 /

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adhyAya - 7 anya deva mUrtiyA~ bAhubalI jaina granthoM meM RSabhanAtha ke 100 putroM ke ullekha haiM jinameM bharata cakravartI sabase bar3e aura bAhubalI dUsare krama para haiM / bAhubalI ko dakSiNa bhArata meM gommaTezvara bhI kahA gayA hai / bharata kI rAjadhAnI vinItA aura bAhubalI kI rAjadhAnI takSazilA yA podanapura thI / bharata cakravartI ne bAhubalI se sattA svIkAra karane ko kahA jise bAhubalI ne asvIkAra kara diyA / phalataH donoM bhAiyoM ke madhya bhayaMkara yuddha huA / yaha yuddha donoM kI senAoM kA yuddha nahIM thA / bAhubalI ke prastAva para bhISaNa narasaMhAra bacAne kI dRSTi se donoM ne dvandva-yuddha kA nizcaya kiyA / isa dvandva-yuddha meM aMtataH bAhubalI vijayI hue| vijaya ke tatkAla pazcAt hI bAhubalI ke mana meM saMsAra ke prati virakti kA bhAva utpanna huA aura unhoMne tatkSaNa saMsAra tyAga kara kaThina tapasyA prArambha kara dii| saphalatA ke uccatama kSaNoM meM isa prakAra kI virakti kI anubhUti bAhubalI ke caritra kI adbhuta vizeSatA hai / antataH bAhubalI ne eka varSa taka kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3e rahakara kaThina tapasyA dvArA kaivalya prApta kiyaa| jaina sAhitya aura zilpa doMnoM meM bharata - bAhubalI ke dvandva tathA bAhubalI kI kaThina tapasyA kA nirUpaNa milatA hai / " bharata aura bAhubalI ke dvandva se saMbaMdhita citraNa kuMbhAriyA ke zAMtinAtha maMdira ( 11vIM zatI I0 ) aura vimalavasahI ( 12vIM zatI I0 ) meM haiM / 9vIM se 12vIM zatI I0 ke madhya bAhubalI kI paryApta svataMtra mUrtiyA~ banIM / ye mUrtiyA~ prabhAsapATaNa (gujarAta, samprati jUnAgar3ha saMgrahAlaya, la0 9vIM zatI I0), devagar3ha ( maMdira 2, 11 evaM sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya, 1. vIM se 12vIM zatI I0), khajurAho ( pArzvanAtha maMdira ), bilharI (madhya pradeza), elorA (mahArASTra), zravaNabelagola, velUra, kArakala (karnATaka) evaM mathurA ( rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, kramAMka 940) meM haiM 2 kaThina tapasyA ke samaya bAhubalI ke hAthoM aura pairoM meM latA- vallariyA~ 1. paumacariya 4 54-55; harivaMzapurANa 11. 98-102; AdipurANa 36. 106-85; trizaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 5. 740 - 98; zAha, yU0pI0, "bAhubalI : e yUnIka bronja ina di myUjiyama ", buleTina Ava di priMsa Ava velsa myUz2iyama, bambaI, aMka - 4, 1953 - 54, pR0 32 - 39; tivArI, mAruti nandana prasAda, elimeNTasa Ava jaMna AikanogrAphI, vArANasI, 1983, pR0 97 - 103 / 2. elorA kI jaina guphAoM meM bAhubalI kI kaI mUrtiyA~ haiM / dakSiNa bhArata meM karnATaka kA kSetra bAhubalI gommaTezvara kI mUrtiyoM kI zravaNabelagola ( hasana ) kI 57 dhArmika pratimA hai / dRSTi se atyanta samRddha hai| karnATaka sthita phITa U~cI gommaTezvara mUrti bhArata kI vizAlatam

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khajurAho kA jana purAtattva lipaTa gayIM tathA unake zarIra para sarpa, vRzcika aura chipakalI jaise jantu nizcinta bhAva se vicaraNa karane lage the / kintu bAhubalI ina sabase vicalita hue binA kaThina tapasyA meM rata rahe / bAhubalI kI kAyotsarga-mudrA unake AtmaniyaMtraNa tathA nagnatA pUrNa virakti aura manomAvoM para unake pUrNa niyaMtraNa kA bhAva vyakta karatI haiM / digambara paramparA meM bAhubalI ke donoM pAzvoM meM do vidyAdhariyoM kI upasthiti ke sandarbha haiN| digambara purANoM ke anusAra ina vidyAdhariyoM ne bAhubalI ke zarIra se lipaTI huI latA-vallariyoM ko haTAyA thaa|' __ mUrtiyoM meM bAhubalI ko kAyotsarga meM nirvastra tathA latA-vallariyoM evaM zarIra para sarpa, vRzcik, chipakaliyoM Adi se suzobhita darzAyA gayA hai| uttara bhArata kI bAhubalI kI mUrtiyoM meM pratimAlakSaNa kI dRSTi se dakSiNa bhArata kI apekSA adhika vikAsa dRSTigata hotA hai / khajurAho, bilharI aura devagar3ha kI mUrtiyoM meM bAhubalI ko zrIvatsa se yukta tathA siMhAsana, dharmacakra, cAmaradhArI sevakoM evaM uDDIyamAna mAlAdharoM tathA kabhI-kabhI eka aura kabhI tIna chatroM se yukta dikhAyA gayA hai| ye sabhI vizeSatAyeM jina mUrtiyoM se saMbaddha rahI haiM / isa prakAra uttara bhArata meM bAhubalI ko jinoM ke samakakSa pratiSThita karane kA prayatna kiyA gyaa| devagar3ha ke maMdira 11 tathA khajurAho kI do mUrtiyoM meM (12vIM zatI I0) jina mUrtiyoM ke samAna bAhubalI ke sAtha dvibhuja yakSa aura yakSI bhI AkArita haiN| khajurAho meM bAhubalI kI kula pA~ca mUrtiyA~ haiM / eka udAharaNa pArzvanAtha maMdira ke garbhagRha kI dakSiNI bhitti para hai / yaha mUrti saMbhavata: uttara bhArata meM bAhubalI kI prAcInatama mUrtiyoM meM dUsarI hai / khajurAho kI anya tIna mUrtiyAM (11vIM zatI I0) bAhubalI kI laghu mUrtiyA~ haiM, jo kramazaH maMdira saMkhyA 17 kI AdinAtha evaM maMdira saMkhyA 1/1 kI pArzvanAtha mUrtiyoM ke parikara tathA purAtattva saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho ke uttaraMga (kramAMka 1724) para haiN| ina udAharaNoM meM bAhubalI ko nirvastra aura kAyotsarga-mudrA meM latA-vallariyoM se suzobhita darzAyA gayA hai / cauthI mUrti sthAnIya sA0 zAM0 jai0 ka0 saMgrahAlaya meM hai| pArzvanAtha maMdira kI mUrti ( 74461 se0 mI0 ) pratimAlakSaNa kI dRSTi se vikasita koTi kI hai / mUrti para saMbhavataH 'gomaTa' bhI utkIrNa hai| bAhubalI nirvastra aura kAyotsarga-mudrA meM sAmAnya pIThikA para nirUpita haiN| pIThikA ke madhya meM dharmacakra evaM choroM para siMhAsana ke sUcaka do siMhoM kI AkRtiyA~ banI haiN| bAhubalI ke hAthoM aura pairoM se latA-vallariyA~ lipaTI huI haiM aura vakSasthala para vRzcik tathA chipakalI kI AkRtiyoM banI haiM / tapasyArata bAhubalI ke keza gucchakoM ke rUpa se pradarzita haiN| unake pAzvoM meM do vidyAdhariyoM ko latA-vallariyoM ko zarIra se haTAte hue darzAyA gayA hai| vidyAdhariyoM ke samIpa hI cAmaradhArI sevakoM kI bhI do AkRtiyA~ ukerI haiN| sira ke Upara vichatra ke sthAna para kevala eka hI chatra hai jo isa bAta kA saMketa hai ki bAhubalI tIrthakara na hokara kevalI mAtra haiN| parikara ke UparI bhAga meM do uDDIyamAna mAlAdharoM aura gajoM kI AkRtiyA~ banI haiN| isa prakAra yaha mUrti eka ora tIrthakara mUrtiyoM ( zrIvatsa, siMhAsana, 1. harivaMzapurANa 11. 101; AdipurANa, khaNDa-2, 36. 183 /

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anya deva mUrtiyA~ cAmaradhara sevaka, gandharva ) ke lakSaNoM se yukta hai aura vahIM dUsarI ora digambara paramparA ke anurUpa isameM vidyAdhariyoM kI AkRtiyA~ bhI banI haiN| sA0 zAM0 ja0 ka0 saMgrahAlaya kI cauthI murti ( 12vIM zatI I0 ) pratimAlakSaNa kI dRSTi se aura bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| isa udAharaNa meM bAhubalI ke sAtha vidyAdhariyoM evaM aSTaprAtihAryoM ke sAtha hI yakSa-yakSI yugala bhI AkArita haiM / yakSa-yakSI RSabhanAtha ke yakSa-yakSI gomukha-cakrezvarI haiN| jaina yugala jaina dharma meM tIrthaMkaroM ke mAtA-pitA ko vizeSa sammAnajanaka sthiti pradAna kI gaI hai aura vibhinna prasaMgoM meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke mAtA-pitA ke nAmoM evaM pUjana se sambandhita ullekha prApta hote haiM / ' lagabhaga navIM zatI I0 ke bAda inakA mUta aMkana bhI prArambha huA / mUrtiyoM evaM citroM meM mAtAoM kA nirUpaNa apekSAkRta adhika lokapriya thA / digambara sthaloM para strI-puruSa yugala mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa lagabhaga chaThI zatI I0 ke bAda prArambha huaa| devagar3ha, khajurAho, rAjagira, lacchAgiri, gurgo tathA anya aneka sthaloM para jaina yugaloM kI pracura mUrtiyA~ haiM / ina mUrtiyoM meM strI-puruSa yugala ko lalitamudrA meM eka vRkSa ke nIce AsIna aura eka hAtha se abhaya yA varada-mudrA abhivyakta karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai / strI kI bAyIM goda meM sAmAnyataH eka bAlaka pradarzita hai jise strI apane eka hAtha se sahArA dete hue dikhAI gaI hai| strI kI goda meM bAlaka kA aMkana usake mAtR pakSa ko ujAgara karatA hai| puruSa kA bAyA~ hAtha yA to ghuTanoM para hai yA phira usameM phala yA padma pradarzita hai / kabhI-kabhI puruSa ke isa hAtha meM eka bAlaka bhI dikhAyA gayA hai| ina mUrtiyoM ke zIrSa bhAga meM eka vRkSa aura usake madhya tIrthaMkara kI binA lAMchana vAlI eka dhyAnastha mUrti banI hotI hai / ina mUrtiyoM ko sAmAnyataH jaina yugala nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi inheM tIrthakaroM ke mAtA-pitA se pahacAnane meM vidvAnoM ne saMkoca kA anubhava kiyA hai, kintu khajurAho ke do udAharaNoM se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki ye mUrtiyA~ tIrthaMkaroM ke mAtA-pitA kI hI haiN| eka udAharaNa meM (mandira 13) kI kuMthunAtha mUrti (la011vIM zatI I0) meM pIThikA ke UparI bhAga meM kuMthunAtha kA aja-lAMchana tathA nIce uparyukta vivaraNoM vAlI strI-puruSa yugala AkRtiyA~ ukerI haiM jo nizcita hI kuMthunAtha ke mAtA-pitA kI AkRtiyAM haiM / jADina saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho ( kramAMka 1595 ) kI eka mUrti meM yugala AkRtiyoM ke nIce vRSabha aMkita hai jo unake RSabhanAtha ke mAtA-pitA hone kA bhAva vyakta karatA hai / digambara sthaloM kI yugala mUrtiyoM meM zIrSabhAga meM alaga-alaga vRkSoM kA aMkana huA hai jo 1. zAha, yU0 pI0, 'perenTsa Ava di tIrthaMkaraja', buleTina Ava di priMsa Ava velsa myUjiyama, bambaI, aMka 5, 1955-57, pR0 24 / / 2. yU0 pI0 zAha ne ina mUrtiyoM kI pahacAna tIrthaMkaroM ke mAtA-pitA se kI hai / zAha, yU0 pI0, pUrva niviSTa, 28-32 /

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva tIrthaMkaroM ke kaivalyavRkSa pratIta hote haiM, kintu AlaMkArika banAvaTa ke kAraNa ina vRkSoM ko nizcita rUpa se pahacAna pAnA kaThina hai| khajurAho meM jaina yugala mUrtiyoM ke ATha udAharaNa haiN| prArambhikatama mUrti ( 10vIM zatI I0 ) pArzvanAtha mandira ke maNDapa kI bhItarI bhitti ke samIpa rakhI hai| anyatra kI bhAMti yahA~ bhI dvibhuja yugala mUttiyoM ko sAmAnya alaMkaraNoM se sajjita aura lalitamudrA meM alaMkRta Asana para virAjamAna darzAyA gayA hai| zIrSabhAga meM alaga-alaga prakAra ke vRkSoM aura unake madhya meM tIrthaMkara kI dhyAnastha mUrti banI hai| vAma pAvaM kI strI AkRti kI bAyIM goda meM sadaiva bAlaka dikhAyA gayA hai| do udAharaNoM meM puruSa AkRti ke sAtha bhI bAlaka ( bAyeM goda meM ) aMkita hai|' anya udAharaNoM meM puruSa AkRti ke bAyeM hAtha meM sanAla padma ( yA padma ) dikhAyA gayA hai / strI aura puruSa donoM kI dAhinI bhujA meM phala yA abhayamudrA pradarzita hai / puruSa sAmAnyataH karaNDamukuTa tathA strI dhammilla se zobhita hai / khajurAhoM meM jaina yugala mUrti kA sarvAdhika manojJa udAharaNa ( 10vIM zatI I0 ) zAntinAtha mandira kramAMka 110 meM hai| jADina saMgrahAlaya ( kramAMka 1606) kI eka mUrti ( 10vIM zatI I0 ) meM pIThikA choroM para caturbhuja yakSa aura yakSI kI AkRtiyAM bhI ukerI haiM jo jaina yugala ke rUpa meM tIrthaMkAroM ke mAtA-pitA kI vizeSa pratiSThA ke sUcaka haiM / lalitamudrA meM AsIna yakSa aura yakSI ke karoM meM abhayamudrA, padma aura jalapAtra pradarzita haiN| parikara meM stutimudrA meM ArAdhakoM evaM cAmaradhArI sevakoM ko bhI AmUrtita kiyA gayA hai| inameM pIThikA ke nIcale bhAga meM sAmAnyataH eka paMkti meM pAMca, chaH yA sAta zrAvakoM evaM jaina AcAryoM kI AkRtiyA~ AkArita haiM jinameM se kucha ko vyAkhyAnamudrA meM yA vArtAlApa karate hue aura kucha ko stutimudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai| purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho ( kramAMka 1609 ) kI eka mUrti meM pIThikA kI tIna AkRtiyoM ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA aura phala pradarzita haiM / sA0 zAM0 ja0 ka0 saMgrahAlaya kI eka mUrti meM vRkSa ke tane para eka mAnava AkRti ko Upara car3hate hue bhI dikhAyA gayA hai / pArzvanAtha evaM zAntinAtha mandiroM tathA kucha anya udAharaNoM meM uDDIyamAna mAlAdhAroM ko bhI pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| jaina AcArya __jaina devakula meM paMca parameSThiyoM ko vizeSa sammAnajanaka sthiti prApta hai / arhat, siddha, AcArya upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ko milAkara paMca parameSThiyoM kI kalpanA kI gyii| paMca parameSThiyoM meM arhat aura siddha mukta AtmAyeM haiN| inameM kevala siddha nirAkAra aura anya 1. purAtattva saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho ( kramAMka 1600 ) evaM sAhU zAntiprasAda jaina kalA saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho ( ke0 32) / 2. zAha, yU0 pI0, "biginimsa Ava jaina AikanogrAphI", saMgrahAlaya purAtattva patrikA, aMka 9, 1972, pR0 8-9 /

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71 anya deva mUtiyAM sabhI sAkAra haiM / paMca parameSThiyoM ke pUjana kI paramparA paryApta prAcIna rahI hai / arhatoM yA jinoM ke alAvA AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu kI bhI svatantra mUrtiyoM ke aneka udAharaNa vimala vasahI, lUNavasahI, kuMbhAriyA, osiyAM, devagar3ha, gvAliyara aura khajurAho jaise sthaloM para haiM / ye mUrtiyAM adhikAMzataH 1.vI se 12vI zatI I0 ke madhya kI haiM / jaina AcAryoM ko sAmAnyataH sthApanA ke sAtha upadeza yA vyAkhyAna kI mudrA meM akele yA dUsare AcArya ke sAtha zAstrArtha karate hue dikhAne kI paramparA rahI hai| mUrtiyoM meM eka hAtha vyAkhyAna kI mudrA meM hai aura dUsare meM pustaka hai| jaina sAdhuoM kI AkRtiyAM mukhapaTTikA, oghA tathA mayUrapicchikA se yukta banAI gii| jaina granthoM meM sAdhuoM ke sAtha sthApanA, mukhapaTTikA, daNDa, proMcanaka (mayUrapicchikA yA rajoharaNa), japamAlikA Adi ke pradarzana ke ullekha haiN|' __ khajurAho kI mUrtiyoM meM jaina AcAryoM evaM sAdhuoM donoM kA aMkana huA hai| samakAlIna jaina AcAryoM ke nAmoM ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se khajurAho ke lekha vizeSa mahatva ke haiN| pArzvanAtha maMdira ke vikrama saMvat 1011 ( 954 I0 ) ke lekha meM vAsavacaMdra kA nAmollekha hai jo candela zAsaka dhaMga ke mahArAjagurU the| isake atirikta pArzvanAtha maMdira ke anya lekhoM meM AcArya zrI devacaMdra, zrI kumudacaMdra' tathA saMvat 1215 ( 1158 I0 ) ke eka mUrti lekha ( maMdira 13 ) meM cArukIrti muni aura unake ziSya kumAra nandI ke nAmollekha haiN| devacandra saMbhavataH vAsavacandra ke ziSya yA praziSya the| zAMtinAtha maMdira kI vizAla zAMtinAtha pratimA ( 1028 I0 ) ke pIThikA lekha meM AcArya-putra ThAkura devadhara tathA unake putroM zivacandra evaM candradeva ke ullekha haiN| maMdira 7 ke praveza-dvAra kI bar3erI kI supArzvanAtha mUrti ke donoM ora kula 26 AkRtiyA~ banI haiN| inameM se 18 AkRtiyAM jaina sAdhuoM kI haiM / muNDitamastaka sAdhuoM ke hAthoM ke bIca mayUrapicchikA pradarzita hai tathA unake donoM hAtha stutimudrA meM haiM / ina AkRtiyoM ke nIce unake nAmoM kA utkIrNa honA vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai / lekha yadyapi kAphI dhUmila hai kintu phira bhI isameM yoganandI, meSa ( yA meghasiMha ), aracandra, yogacaMdra, yakSadeva, sarUpadeva evaM vizAlakIrti ke nAma spaSTa haiM / pArzvanAtha evaM ghaNTaI maMdiroM para jaina AcAryoM evaM sAdhuoM kI paryApta mUrtiyAM haiN| inameM jaina sAdhuoM kI apekSAkRta adhika mUrtiyA~ haiN| pArzvanAtha maMdira ke ardhamaNDapa evaM garbhagRha ke pravezadvAroM para muNDitamastaka vAle nirvastra jaina sAdhuoM kI kaI sthAnaka mUrtiyA~ haiM / ardhamaNDapa ke udAharaNoM meM ina jaina sAdhuoM ko jina mUrti kI pUjA karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai / eka udAharaNa meM do jaina sAdhuoM ko eka dUsare ke kaMdhe para hAtha rakhakara vArtAlApa kI mudrA meM tathA mayUrapIcchikA ke sAtha AkArita kiyA gayA hai| pArzvanAtha maMdira ke pazcimI zikhara para jaina AcArya aura brAhmaNa sAdhu ke bIca ke zAstrArtha ko bhI dikhAyA gayA hai| 1. zAha, yU0 pI0, sTaDIja ina jaina ArTa, pR0 113-15. 2. maMdira 11 ke eka staMbha-lekha meM bhI devacandra aura kumudacandra ke nAma utkIrNa haiN| 3. epimAphiyA iNDikA, khaMDa 1, kalakattA, 1892, pR0 135-36, 152-53; jaina, jyotiprasAda, pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAyeM, dillI, pR0 227 /

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72 khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva brAhmaNa sAdhu zmazru se yukta hai| dakSiNI zikhara ke eka udAharaNa meM kisI jaina AcArya ke samakSa kucha AcAryoM ko upadezoM kA zravaNa karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai| khajurAho meM anyatra kI bhAMti do jaina AcAryoM ko Amane-sAmane baiThakara zAstrArtha karate hue bhI AkArita kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI sthApanA para pustaka ke sAtha unakA upadeza kI mudrA meM bhI aMkana huA hai| ghaNTaI maMdira meM ardhamaNDapa ke staMbhoM evaM vitAna para jaina AcAryoM kI aneka AkRtiyA~ haiN| inameM unheM sthApanA tathA pustikA ke sAtha vyAkhyAna dete yA dUsare jaina AcArya ke sAtha zAstrArtha karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai| jaina AcAyoM ke zAstrArtha se sambandhita eka viziSTa udAharaNa zAMtinAtha maMdira meM hai| isameM do jaina AcAryoM ko Asane-sAmane baiThe tathA eka hAtha meM pustikA lie aura dUsare hAtha se vyAkhyAna dete hue dikhAyA gayA hai| madhya meM eka sthApanA bhI utkIrNa hai jisa para eka pustaka rakhI hai / sthApanA ke Upara ke bhAga meM do kAyotsarga tathA eka dhyAnastha tIrthakara mUrtiyA~ banI haiN| pIThikA para cAra kalaza aura cAra sAdhuoM kI AkRtiyA~ bhI haiM, jo jaina AcAryoM ke zAstrArtha kA zravaNa kara rahI haiN| mayUrapicchikA se yukta ina jaina sAdhuoM ke hAtha namaskAramudrA meM haiN| sarasvatI vidyA aura saMgIta kI devI ke rUpa meM sarasvatI kI ArAdhanA atyanta prAcIna hai / vedoM meM sarasvatI kA devI ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai / bauddha evaM jaina dharmoM meM bhI sarasvatI ko sammAnajanaka sthiti pradAna kI gyii| bauddha dharma meM sarasvatI kA prajJApAramitA ke rUpa meM ullekha hai aura usake hAthoM meM pustaka ke pradarzana kA vidhAna hai| pustaka ko buddha ke upadezoM kA mUrta rUpa mAnA gyaa| prArambhika jaina graMthoM meM sarasvatI kA zrutadevatA ke rUpa meM ullekha hai aura unheM medhA evaM buddhi kA devatA batAyA gayA hai|' bhagavatIsUtra evaM paumacariya meM zrI, dhRti, kIrti aura lakSmI ke sAtha buddhi kI devI kA ullekha AyA hai / jina vANI ko Agama yA zruta kahA gayA aura saMbhavataH isI kAraNa jaina Agamika jJAna kI adhiSThAtrI devI sarasvatI ke hAtha meM pustaka pradarzita kiyA gayA / devagar3ha ke maMdira 1 kI tritIrthI jina mUrti ( 11vIM zatI I0 ) meM jinoM ke sAtha caturbhujA sarasvatI kA aMkana saMbhavataH isI bhAva kI mata abhivyakti hai| ___ sarasvatI kI prAcInatama svataMtra mUrti kuSANakAla ( 132 I0 ) meM mathurA meM bnii| yaha jaina sarasvatI kI mUrti hai| isa mUrti meM devI ke eka hAtha meM pustaka hai aura dUsare meM akSamAlA kA kucha bhAga zeSa hai| jaina graMthoM meM yadyapi sarasvatI kA lAkSaNika svarUpa 1. aMgavijjA, a0 58, pR0 223, 282 / 2. bhagavatIsUtra 11. 11. 430; paumacariya 3.59 / 3. jaina, jyotiprasAda, "jenesisa Ava jaina liTrecara aiNDa di sarasvatI mUvamenTa", saMgrahAlaya purAtatva patrikA, aMka 9, jUna 1972, pR0 30-33 / 4. rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, je0 24 /

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anya deva mUrtiyAM AThavIM zatI I0 ke bAda nirUpita huA, para sarasvatI kI mUrtiyA~ usake pUrva hI banane lagI thiiN| zvetAmbara aura digambara sthaloM para AThavIM se 12vIM zatI I0 ke madhya sarasvatI kI prabhUta mUrtiyA~ bniiN| jaina zilpazAstroM meM haMsavAhanA sarasvatI ko caturbhujA aura varadamudrA ( yA vINA ), padma, pustaka aura akSamAlA ke sAtha nirUpita kiyA gayA hai|' digambara graMthoM ( pratiSThAsAroddhAra ) meM vAhana ke rUpa meM haMsa ke sthAna para mayUra kA ullekha hai / isa prakAra jaina sarasvatI kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAyeM pUrI taraha brAhmaNa sarasvatI se prabhAvita haiN| sarasvatI-mUrtiyoM ke pramukha udAhaNa khajurAho ke atirikta devagar3ha, kuMbhAriyA, dilavAr3A jaise sthaloM se jJAta haiM / jaina sarasvatI kI utkRSTatama kalAtmaka mUrtiyAM rAjasthAna meM pallU grAma ( bIkAnera ) se milI haiN| vAhana ke saMdarbha meM sarvadA paramparA ke prati pratibaddhatA nahIM darzAyI gaI hai| kuMbhAriyA ke neminAtha maMdira ( zvetAmbara ) kI eka mUrti meM vAhana mayUra hai, jabaki khajurAho kI digambara paramparA kI mUrtiyoM meM vAhana ke rUpa meM haMsa kA aMkana huA hai| devagar3ha kI mUrtiyoM meM vAhana ke rUpa meM haMsa aura mayUra donoM kA aMkana dekhA jA sakatA hai| ina mUrtiyoM meM sarasvatI ke karoM meM paramparA ke anurUpa hI pustaka, padma, akSamAlA aura jalapAtra tathA kabhI-kabhI vINA pradarzita haiN| ___ khajurAho meM sarasvatI kI kula ATha mUrtiyA~ haiM jinameM se pA~ca pArzvanAtha maMdira para haiN| anya mUrtiyA~ maMdira tathA svatantra uttaraMgoM para haiM / " eka udAharaNa ke atirikta yahA~ sarasvatI ko sarvadA caturbhujA dikhAyA gayA hai aura unake hAthoM ke Ayudha bhI lagabhaga samAna haiN| lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna sarasvatI ke karoM meM pustaka, vINA aura padma pradarzita haiN| pArzvanAtha maMdira ke maMDapa ke dakSiNI adhiSThAna kI rathikAmUrti meM sarasvatI SaDbhujA haiM / SaDbhujA sarasvatI ke Upara hAthoM meM kramazaH padma aura pustaka haiM, madhya ke donoM hAtha vINA vAdana meM rata haiM tathA nIce ke hAthoM meM varadamudrA aura jalapAtra pradarzita haiN| sarasvatI ke pAzvaryoM meM cAmaradhArI sevakoM, caraNoM ke samIpa upAsakoM tathA Upara kI ora laghu jina AkRti 1. tathA zrutadevatAM zuklavarNAM haMsavAhanAM caturbhujA varadakamalAnvita-dakSiNakarAM pustakAkSamA lAnvitavAmakarAM ceti / nirvANakalikA, zrutadevatA, pR0 37; AcAradinakara, bhAga 2, pratiSThAdhikAra, pR0 158 / / 2. zAha, yU0 pI0, "di AikanogrAphI Ava di jaina gADesa sarasvatI", jarnala yUnivasiTI ___ Ava bAmbe, khaMDa 10 ( nyU sirIja ), bhAga 2, sitambara 1941, pR0 205-06 / 3. 12vIM zatI I0 kI ina mUrtiyoM meM tribhaMga meM khar3I caturbhujA sarasvatI haMsavAhanA haiM aura unake karoM meM varadamudrA, nAlayukta padma, pustaka aura kamaNDalu haiN| draSTavya, zarmA, bI0 ena0, jaina pratimAyeM, dillI, 1979, pR0 15-16 / 4. tIna udAharaNa garbhagRha aura pazcimI devakulikA ke uttaraMgoM para haiM tathA zeSa do udAharaNa maMDapa ke uttarI aura dakSiNI adhiSThAna para haiN| 5. sarasvatI kI eka choTI AkRti pArzvanAtha maMdira ke maMDapa kI dakSiNI bhitti kI lakSmI mUrti ke parikara meM AkArita hai|

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74 khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva evaM gaMdhoM kI mUrtiyA~ banI haiN| sarasvatI ke sAtha haMsa vAhana kevala eka udAharaNa meM hI AkArita hai|' __ pArzvanAtha maMdira ke uttarI adhiSTAna (794 63.5 se0 mI0) kI caturbhuja mUrti meM sarasvatI ke Urva karoM meM cakrAkAra padma haiM aura nIce ke donoM hAtha khaMDita haiN| Asana ke samIpa hI haMsa AkArita hai| devI ke zIrSa bhAga meM tIna laghu jina AkRtiyA~ tathA donoM pAvoM meM stutimudrA meM tIna upAsakoM kI AkRtiyA~ banI haiN| pArzvanAtha maMdira ke garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra kI do mUrtiyoM meM sarasvatI ke UparI hAthoM meM cakrAkAra padma aura pustaka (yA akSamAlA) haiM tathA nicale hAthoM se devI vINA vAdana kara rahI haiN| isa maMdira kI pazcimI devakulikA ke uttaraMga kI mUrti bhI inhIM vizeSatAoM vAlI hai| pArzvanAtha maMdira ke garbhagRha kI dUsarI mUrti meM nicale hAthoM meM vINA ke sthAna para varadamudrA aura kamaNDalu haiM / anya sabhI udAharaNoM meM sarasvatI ke UparI hAthoM meM padma aura pustaka tathA nIcale meM vINA (yA varadamudrA aura kamaNDalu) pradarzita haiN| kevala eka udAharaNa meM (pArzvanAtha maMdira kI lakSmI mUrti) sarasvatI ke nicale hAthoM meM abhayamudrA aura mAtuliMga haiM / lakSmI yA zrIdevI samRddhi kI devI lakSmI yA zrIdevI kA jaina graMthoM meM anekazaH ullekha huA hai / zvetAmbara granthoM meM gajArUr3ha mahAlakSmI ke donoM hAthoM meM padma kA ullekha hai / para digambara paramparA meM caturbhujA zrIdevI kA eka hAtha puSpa tathA dUsarA padma se yukta batAyA gayA hai| lakSmI ke sAtha vAhana ke rUpa meM gaja kA ullekha jaina paramparA kI viziSTatA hai / lakSmI kA eka pracalita rUpa abhiSeka yA gajalakSmI hai jisakI carcA kalpasUtra meM mahAvIra ke janma ke pUrva unakI mAtA trizalA dvArA dekhe gaye 14 mAMgalika svapnoM kI sUcI meM milatI hai / zIrSa bhAga meM do gajoM se abhiSikta lakSmI ko padmAsIna aura donoM karoM meM padma dhAraNa kie hue nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI eka sthala para lakSmI mUrti kA ullekha hai| jaina paramparA kI lakSmI (yA zrIlakSmI) tathA gajalakSmI pUrI taraha brAhmaNa paramparA se prabhAvita haiN| jana kalA meM lakSmI tathA gajalakSmI donoM kI mUrtiyoM ke paryApta udAharaNa milate haiM / navIM zatI I0 ke bAda lakSmI kA zilpAMkana prArambha huA jisake pramukha udAharaNa khajurAho, devagar3ha, osiyA~, kuMbhAriyA, dilavAr3A jaise sthaloM para haiM / khajurAho meM lakSmI kI kula ATha mUrtiyA~ haiN| inameM se tIna mUrtiyA~ pArzvanAtha maMdira ke maNDapa kI uttara aura dakSiNa kI bhittiyoM para tathA zeSa maMdiroM ke uttaraMgoM para haiM / pArzvanAtha maMdira kI tIna khar3I mUrtiyoM meM caturbhujA lakSmI ke UparI hAthoM meM padma pradarzita haiM 1. pArzvanAtha maMdira ke uttarI adhiSThAna kI mUrti / / 2. bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0 , di jaina AikanogrAphI, dillI, 1974, (pu0 mu0) pR0 136 / 3. kalpasUtra 37 / 4. bhagavatIsUtra, 11. 11. 430 / |

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anya deva mUrtiyAM 75 aura nIce ke hAthoM meM varadamudrA aura zaMkha (yA jalapAtra) haiN| tInoM hI udAharaNoM meM donoM pAzvoM meM sevikAoM, upAsakoM tathA tIrthaMkaroM kI laghu AkRtiyA~ ukerI haiM / dakSiNI bhitti kI eka mUrti meM lakSmI ke kaMdhoM ke Upara sarasvatI aura cakrezvarI kI bhI AkRtiyAM banI haiM jinake samIpa dI tIrthaMkaroM kI do nirvastra kAyotsarga mUrtiyA~ AkArita haiN| uttaraMgoM para lakSmI tathA gajalakSmI donoM hI kI AkRtiyAM banI haiN| eka udArahaNa ke atirikta anya meM devI lalitamudrA meM AsIna hai aura unake karoM meM varada-yA-abhayamudrA, sanAlapadma, sanAlapadma evaM jalapAtra pradarzita haiN| pArzvanAtha maMdira ke garbhagRha ke pravezadvAra tathA maMdira 114 ke udAharaNoM meM zIrSabhAga meM do gaja AkRtiyoM ko devI kA abhiSeka karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai| kSetrapAla tAntrika prabhAva ke phalasvarUpa jaina dharma aura kalA meM jina devI-devatAoM ko praveza milA unameM 64 yoginiyA~ aura kSetrapAla mukhya haiN| jaina sAhitya meM yadyapi 64 yoginiyoM (AcAradinakara) aura kSetrapAla donoM ke ullekha haiM, kintu mUrta aMkanoM meM kevala kSetrapAla ko hI abhivyakti milI / jaina devakula meM kSetrapAla ko la0 10vI-11vIM zatI I0 meM sammilita kiyA gyaa| khajurAho tathA devagar3ha jaise digambara sthaloM para kSetrapAloM kA nirUpaNa vizeSa lokapriya thaa| gujarAta meM tAraMgA (mehasANA) sthita ajitanAtha maMdira (zvetAmbara) kI pazcimI bhitti para bhI kSetrapAla kI eka mUrti hai| khajurAho kI kSetrapAla mUrtiyA~ pratimAvijJAna kI dRSTi se adhika mahatvapUrNa haiM kyoMki isa sthala para na kevala inakI vividhatApUrNa svataMtra mUrtiyA~ hI banIM, balki eka lekhayukta udAharaNa meM kSetrapAla kA nAma bhI utkIrNa hai| zAMtinAtha maMdira (1/1) ke pravezadvAra ke samIpa kI mUrti (ke0 1/3) meM kSetrapAla kA nAma "candakAma' abhilikhita hai| kSetrapAla ke pratimAnirUpaNa se saMbandhita prArambhika ullekha nirvANakalikA meM hai / isa grantha meM apane-apane kSetra ke nAma vAle barbarakeza, virUpa aura bar3e-bar3e dA~toM vAle tathA vikarAla darzana vAle kSetrapAla ko nirvastra aura chaH hAthoM vAlA tathA pAdukA para AsIna batAyA gayA hai / kSetrapAla ke dakSiNa karoM meM mudgara, pAza aura DamarU tathA vAma meM zRMkhalAbaddha zvAna, aMkuza tathA geDikA (daNDa) pradarzita haiM / ' Acaradinakara meM barbarakeza aura lambI jaTAoM vAle tathA vAsukI nAga ke yajJopavIta evaM siMhacarma se yukta kSetrapAla ko viMzatibhuja batAyA gayA hai / zvAna vAhana vAle trinetra kSetrapAla pretAsana tathA aneka prakAra ke zastra se sajjita hoNge| unheM Ananda bhairava Adi 8 bhairavoM tathA 64 yoginiyoM se veSTita dikhAyA jAnA cAhie, yaha bhI ullekha hai| 1. kSetrapAlaM kSetrAnurUpanAmAnaM zyAmavarNa barbarakezamAvRttapiGganayanaM vikRtadaMSTram pAdukAdhirUDha nagnaM kAmacAriNaM SaTbhujaM mudgarapAzaDamarUkAnvitadakSiNapANi zvAnAGkuzageDikAyuttavAma pANi / nirvANakalikA 21, pR0 38 / 2. AcAradinakara bhAga 2, pratiSThAdhikAra, pR0 180 /

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76 khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva la0 11vIM zatI I0 meM jana sthaloM para kSetrapAla kA mUrta aMkana prArambha huA / khajurAho meM kSetrapAla kI kula 4 mUrtiyA~ haiN| ye mUrtiyA~ 11vIM zatI I0 kI haiN| eka mUrti AdinAtha maMdira (11vIM zatI I0) ke dakSiNI adhiSThAna para hai aura anya tIna udAharaNoM meM eka zAntinAtha maMdira (1/1) meM hai tathA do sA0 zAM jai0 ka0 saMgrahAlaya (kra0 237) meM haiN| AdinAtha maMdira ke udAharaNa meM lalitAsIna kSetrapAla caturbhaja haiM jaba ki anya udAharaNoM meM aSTabhuja kSetrapAla khar3e dikhAye gaye haiM / sA0 zAM0 ja0 ka0 saM0 kI eka mUrti meM kSetrapAla dasa hAthoM aura saumya darzana vAle haiN| AdinAtha maMdira kI mUrti meM kSetrapAla ke hAthoM meM gadA, nakulaka, sarpa aura phala pradarzita haiM / vAhana ke rUpa meM zvAna AkArita hai jise kSetrapAla kI ora dekhate hue banAyA gayA hai / anya udAharaNoM meM vAhana ke rUpa meM zvAn ke sthAna para siMha kA aMkana huA hai tathA Urdhva keza kSetrapAla kI AkRtiyA~ vikarAla na hokara saumya darzana vAlI haiN| zAMtinAtha maMdira ke udAharaNa meM "candakAma' nAma vAle kSetrapAla kI AkRti nRtya kI mudrA meM ukerI hai / ATha hAthoM meM se adhikAMza khaMDita haiM, kintu eka hAtha meM kheTaka hai tathA kucha hAthoM se nRtya kI mudrA vyakta hai / ziva kI naTarAja mUrtiyoM ke samAna hI yahA~ bhI vAmapAzrva meM eka nagAr3A vAdaka kI AkRti banI hai| vibhinna AbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta isa mUrti meM nRtya kI gatizIlatA ke kAraNa dupaTTe ko sundara DhaMga se laharAte hue dikhAyA gayA hai| zIrSabhAga meM dhyAnastha tIrthaMkaroM kI do mUrtiyA~ bhI banI haiN| siMha vAhana kI AkRti yahA~ atyanta ugrarUpa meM utkIrNa hai| sA0 zAM0 ja0 ka0 saM0 kI mUrtiyoM meM kSetrapAla trimaMga meM saptaratha pIThikA para khar3e haiN| unake eka avaziSTa pANi meM gadA aura dUsare meM zRMkhalA ( yA tarjanImudrA ) haiM / zIrSamAga meM dhyAnastha tIrthaMkaroM kI 3 laghu mUrtiyA~, do u.DIyamAna mAlAdhara aura pAvoM meM sevaka-sevikAoM kI AkRtiyA~ banI haiN| siMhavAhana ke gale meM ba~dhI zRMkhalA kA UparI sirA kSetrapAla ke hAtha meM thA, jo vartamAna meM TUTA hai / kSetrapAla yahA~ vanamAlA, dhotI, hAra, kuNDala Adi se zobhita haiN| __ khajurAho kI uparyukta kSetrapAla mUrtiyAM do vargoM meM bA~TI jA sakatI haiM, jinameM se eka meM vAhana ke rUpa meM zvAna aura dUsare meM siMha kA aMkana huA hai| kSetrapAla kA nRtyarata rUpa meM aMkana aura sAtha hI usakA nAmollekha kSetrIya paramparA ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahatva kA hai / eka ora zvetAmbara granthoM meM kSetrapAla ke nirvastra nirUpaNa kA nirdeza aura dUsarI ora khajurAho kI digambara paramparA kI mUrtiyoM meM unakA vastra sajjita honA vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai| tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se yahA~ devagar3ha ke mandira saM0 1 aura 4 ke stambhoM kI 12vIM zatI I0 kI kSetrapAla mUrtiyoM kA ullekha bhI prAsaMgika hogA / donoM udAharaNoM meM zRMkhalA se baMdhA zvAn pradarzita hai / zRMkhalA kA UparI chora kSetrapAla ke eka hAtha meM hai / devagar3ha ke mandira saM0 4 kI mUrti meM anya tIna hAthoM meM gadA, daNDa aura jalapAtra tathA mandira saM0 1 kI mUrti meM gadA, sarpa aura DamarU dikhAye gaye haiN| maMdira saM0 1 kI

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anya deva mUtiyAM sthAnaka mUrti nirvastra hai jabaki maMdira saM0 4 kI mUrti meM kSetrapAla lalitamudrA meM pIThikA para AsIna haiM / khajurAho ke AdinAtha mandira kI mUrti vivaraNa kI dRSTi se devagar3ha kI uparyukta mUrtiyoM ke samAna hai| kintu khajurAho kI anya aSTabhujI kSetrapAla mUrtiyA~ kisI svatantra kSetrIya paramparA se nirdiSTa pratIta hotI haiM / aSTa-vikpAla dizAoM ke svAmI ke rUpa meM dikpAloM yA lokapAloM kI kalpanA atyanta prAcIna hai / brAhmaNa dharma ke sAtha hI jaina dharma aura kalA meM bhI inheM la0 AThavIM-navIM zatI I0 meM mAnyatA milii| jaina granthoM meM varNita dikpAloM ke nAma aura lakSaNa pUrI taraha brAhmaNa paramparA se prabhAvita haiM / la0 AThavIM zatI meM jaina maMdiroM para ina dikpAloM kA aMkana prArambha huA / osiyA ke mahAvIra maMdira para aSTa-dikpAloM kA prArambhikatama (8voM-9vIM zatII0 ) aMkana huA hai| brAhmaNa dharma meM sAmAnyataH ATha aura kabhI-kabhI dasa dikpAloM kA ullekha huA hai kintu jaina granthoM meM sarvadA dasa dikpAloM ke hI nAma vaNita haiN| nirvANakalikA, mantrAdhirAjakalpa ( la0 12vIM-13vIM zatI I0), AcAradinakara (1411 I0), pratiSThAsArasaMgraha, pratiSThAsAroddhAra evaM pratiSThAtilakam meM pUrva dizA ke svAmI ke rUpa meM indra, dakSiNa-pUrva ke agni, dakSiNa ke yama, dakSiNa-pazcima ke niRti ( yA naiRta ), pazcima ke varuNa, uttara-pazcima ke vAyu, uttara ke kubera, uttara-pUrva ke IzAn, AkAza ke brahmA ( yA soma ) aura pAtAla ke dharaNendra ( yA nAgadeva ) ke ullekha haiN| ina granthoM meM inakI lAkSaNika vizeSatAyeM bhI vistAra se vaNita haiM / ' yadyapi jaina granthoM meM sarvadA dasa dikpAloM kA hI nirUpaNa huA hai, kintu jaina mandiroM para aSTadikpAloM kA aMkana hI lokapriya thaa| dasa dikpAloM ke aMkana kA ekamAtra jJAta udAharaNa ghaNerAva (pAlI, rAjasthAna ) ke mahAvIra mandira ( 10vIM zatI I0 ) para hai| isa mandira meM brahmA aura dharaNendra kI AkRtiyA~ gUr3hamaNDapa ke pravezadvAra para banI haiM / 2 vimala vasahI meM aSTa-dikpAloM ke pA~ca samUha haiN| khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha evaM AdinAtha jaina mandiroM meM aSTa-dikpAloM ke tIna samUha AkArita haiN| inameM dikpAloM kI caturbhuja AkRtiyA~ pAramparika vAhanoM ke sAtha tribhaMga meM khar3I haiM / jaina mandiroM kI dikpAla mUrtiyA~ khajurAho ke brAhmaNa mandiroM kI dikpAla mUrtiyoM se pUrA sAmya rakhatI haiM / yahA~ ina mUrtiyoM kA svatantra varNana bhI apekSita hai| ___ indra-karaNDamukuTa se zobhita indra kA vAhana gaja hai aura unake hAthoM meM padma, aMkuza, 1. zAha, yU0 pI0, "sama mAinara jaina DITIja-mAtRkAja aiNDa dikpAlaja," janala ema. esa0 yUnivasiTI Ava bar3audA, khaNDa 30, aMka 1, 1981, pR0 84-100 / / 2. tivArI, mAruti nandana prasAda evaM giri, kamala, "aSTadikpAlaja aiTa vimala vasahI", jaMna jarnala ( kalakattA ), khaNDa 17, aMka 3, janavarI 1983, pR0 103-08 / 3. pArzvanAtha mandira ke maNDapa tathA garbhagRha kI bhittiyoM para aSTadikpAloM ke do samUha AkArita haiN|

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18 khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva padma ( yA sarpa ) aura vajra haiN|' digambara granthoM meM indra ke sAtha kevala gaja vAhana aura karoM meM vajra aura heti kA ullekha huA hai / 2 - agni-udarabaMdha, jvAlAmaya prabhAmaNDala, zmazru, mUchoM tathA jaTAmukuTa se zobhita agni ghaTodara haiM aura unakA vAhana meSa hai| agni ke hAthoM meM varada ( yA abhaya )-akSamAlA, saka, pustaka aura jalapAtra haiN| digambara granthoM meM agni ko meSa vAhana ke sAtha jalapAtra aura akSamAlA lie nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / yama-choTe zmazru tathA mUMchoM se yukta bhayaMkara darzana vAle yama ke do dA~ta bAhara kI ora nikale dikhAe gae haiN| pArzvanAtha mandira ke maNDapa kI mUrti meM yama kA mastaka kapAla aura sarpa se alaMkRta hai / isa udAharaNa meM mahiSa vAhana vAle yama ke tIna hAthoM meM khaTvAMga, padma aura pustaka haiM tathA cauthA hAtha kaTi para sthita hai jisa para kukkuTa kI AkRti banI hai / pArzvanAtha maMdira kI garbhagRha-bhitti kI mUrti meM vAhana mahiSa kI apekSA meSa jaisA dikhatA hai / yama kI nicalI dAhinI bhujA kaTi para hai tathA zeSa meM pustaka, sarpa aura khaTvAMga haiM / AdinAtha mandira kI mUrti meM bhI vAhana meSa jaisA hI hai aura do avaziSTa vAma karoM meM ghaNTA aura padma dikhAye gaye haiN| digambara granthoM meM mahiSArUr3ha yama ke hAthoM meM daNDa ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai| ullekhanIya hai ki khajurAho meM yama ke nirUpaNa meM paryApta svarUpagata bheda prApta hotA hai| yaha tathya brAhmaNa mandiroM kI yama mUrtiyoM ke adhyayana se bhI spaSTa hai jinameM khaTvAMga, kapAla aura pustaka ke sAtha sarpa, kukkuTa, DamarU, ghaNTA, padma Adi bhI pradarzita haiN| niRti-lambImAlA tathA jaTAjUTa se zobhita niRti nirvastra haiN| unake gardana aura hAtha sAlaMkRta haiN| vAhana ke rUpa meM zvAn tathA hAthoM meM khaDga, cakrAkAra padma, sarpa aura ziras pradarzita haiM / AdinAtha maMdira kI mUrti meM Upara ke dAhine hAtha meM sarpa ke sthAna para padma hai / digambara granthoM meM niRti kA vAhana rIcha ( ? ) batAyA gayA hai aura hAthoM meM mudgara aura vajra ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai| varuNa-kirITamukuTa se alaMkRta varuNa ke samIpa hI makara vAhana kI AkRti bhI ukerI hai / unake tIna hAthoM meM pustaka ( yA pAza ), cakrAkAra padma aura jalapAtra ( yA 1. pArzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha kI mUrti meM nicalA dAhinA hAtha kaTi para sthita hai aura AdinAtha mandira kI mUrti meM kevala eka hI hAtha zeSa hai, jisase varadamudrA vyakta hai| 2. pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 6. 65; pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3. 187 / 3. AdinAtha mandira kI mUrti meM kevala do dAhine hAtha hI zeSa haiM, jinameM saka aura varadamudrA pradarzita haiN| 4. pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3. 188 / 5. pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3. 189 / 6. pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3. 190; zAha, yU0 pI0, pUrva nidiSTa, pR0 93 /

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anya deva mUrtiyoM nakulaka ) tathA eka hAtha kaTayavalaMbita hai|' digambara granthoM meM makaragAha yA karimakara vAhana vAle varuNa ke hAtha meM kevala pAza ( yA nAgapAza ) kA ullekha huA hai| vAyu __ karaNDamukuTa aura mRga vAhana vAle vAyu ke karoM meM varadamudrA, aMkuza, dhvaja aura jalapAtra dikhAyA gayA hai| pArzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha-bhitti kI mUrti ke hAthoM meM gadA, dhvaja, daNDa aura jalapAtra pradarzita haiM / digambara granthoM meM vAyu ko mRgArUr3ha batAyA gayA hai| bRhadjaThara kubera karaNDamukuTa se yukta haiN| unake vAhana ke rUpa meM ghaTa kA aMkana vizeSa mahatva kA hai kyoMki anyatra vAhana ke rUpa meM gaja kA aMkana huA hai| kubera kI bhujAoM meM bIjapUraka ( yA kaTyavalaMbita ), cakrAkAra padma, padma ( yA pustaka ) aura dhana kA thailA pradarzita haiM / 5 jaina granthoM meM zaktipANi kubera kA vAhana gaja ( ? ) yA puSpaka vimAna batAyA gayA hai / IzAn jaTAmukuTa se zobhita IzAn kA vAhana nandI hai| pArzvanAtha maMdira ke maNDapa ke udAharaNa meM unake hAthoM meM varadAkSa, zakti sarpa evaM jalapAtra tathA garbhagRha ke udAharaNa meM trizUlasarpa aura padma haiM / digambara zilpazAstroM meM vRSabhArUr3ha IzAna ko sAlaMkRta aura umA sahita nirUpita kiyA gayA hai aura unake karoM meM trizUla ( yA zUla ) aura kapAla ke pradarzana kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra uparyukta dikpAla mUrtiyA~ yadyapi vAhanoM tathA mukhya AyudhoM ke sandarbha meM digambara granthoM ke nirdezoM kA pAlana karatI haiM kintu unakI anya vizeSatAe~ pUrI taraha khajurAho ke brAhmaNa maMdiroM kI dikpAla mUrtiyoM se prabhAvita haiM / 1. AdinAtha mandira kI mUrti meM cAroM hAtha khaNDita haiM / 2. pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3. 191 / 3. AdinAtha mandira kI mUrti meM kevala eka hAtha avaziSTa hai jo varadamudrA meM hai| 4. pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3. 192 / 5. AdinAtha mandira kI mUrti meM cAroM hAtha khaNDita haiN| 6. pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3. 193; zAha, yU0 pI0, pUrva nirdiSTa, pR0 97 / 7. devatA kA eka hAtha khaMDita hai| AdinAtha mandira kI mUrti meM do avaziSTa karoM meM varadamudrA aura trizUla pradarzita haiM / 8. pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3. 194; pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 6. 9; zAha, yU0pI0, pUrva niviSTa, pR098| 9. vistAra ke lie draSTavya, avasthI, rAmAzraya, khajurAho kI deva pratimAyeM, AgarA, 1967, pR0 207-38 /

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80 khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva navapraha bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM navagraha pUjana kI paramparA prAcIna kAla se lokapriya rahI hai| yAjJavalkya smRti meM samRddhi, zAMti, kRSi, dIrghAyu evaM zatru vinAza ke lie graha yajJa karane tathA navagraha pratimAoM ke pUjana kA vidhAna diyA gayA hai / navagrahoM meM sUrya pradhAna haiM; anya graha candra, maMgala, budha, vRhaspati, zukra, zani, rAhu aura ketu haiN| jyotiSka devoM ke rUpa meM grahoM kA ullekha jaina dharma meM paryApta prAcIna hai| la0 11vIM-12vIM zatI I0 meM jaina granthoM meM navagrahoM ke nirUpaNa se saMbaMdhita ullekha prApta hote haiM / yadyapi ina grahoM kI svataMtra mUrtiyA~ nahIM banI kintu jaina maMdiroM ke praveza-dvAroM para navagrahoM kA sAmUhika aMkana AThavIMnavIM zatI I0 meM prArambha huaa| navIM zatI I0 ke bAda jina mUrtiyoM ke parikara meM bhI navagrahoM kA aMkana huA hai| zvetAmbara sthaloM kI apekSA digambara sthaloM para inakA aMkana adhika lokapriya thA / jaina sthaloM para navagrahoM kA nirUpaNa pUrI taraha brAhmaNa paramparA se prabhAvita rahA hai / khajurAho meM pArzvanAtha aura ghaNTaI maMdiroM ke praveza-dvAroM ke atirikta ATha anya svataMtra uttaraMgoM' para bhI dvibhuja navagrahoM kA aMkana huA hai| __ pArzvanAtha maMdira ke maNDapa, garbhagRha aura pazcima ke saMyukta jinAlaya ke uttaraMgoM para navagrahoM ke tIna samUha haiN| tInoM udAharaNoM meM navagrahoM kI khar3I AkRtiyA~ dvibhuja haiM / samabhaMga meM avasthita sUrya ke donoM hAthoM meM sanAla padma pradarzita haiN| bAda kI chaH AkRtiyA~ ( candra se zani ) tribhaMga meM haiM aura unake dAhine hAtha se abhayamudrA vyakta hai jabaki bA~yeM meM jalapAtra hai / rAhu UrdhvakAya tathA bikharI kezarAzi vAle haiN| ketu aMjali-mudrA meM haiM aura usake kaTi ke nIce kA bhAga sarpAkAra hai tathA mastaka para tIna sarpaphaNoM kA chatra bhI pradarzita hai / ullekhanIya hai ki anya udAharaNoM meM bhI navagrahoM ke sAtha yahI vizeSatAyeM pradarzita haiN| pArzvanAtha maMdira ke atirikta tIna anya udAharaNoM meM bhI navagrahoM ko khar3I mUrtiyA~ banI haiM / zeSa meM sUrya ko utkUTikAsana tathA anya grahoM ko lalitamudrA meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / UrdhvakAya rAhu sabhI meM visphArita netra, Urdhvakeza aura vikarAla darzana vAle haiM tathA unake donoM hAtha tarpaNa-mudrA meM dikhAe gae haiN| ketu kI AkRti sadaiva sarpAkAra hai| kirITamukuTa se zobhita sUrya ko kucha udAharaNoM meM upAnaha se yukta dikhAyA gayA hai aura unake caraNoM ke samIpa kabhI-kabhI chAyA kI laghu AkRti bhI banI hai| yahA~ ullekhanIya hai ki yadyapi navagraha phalakoM para sUrya kA aMkana khajurAho sahita devagar3ha tathA Asa-pAsa ke anya digambara sthaloM para huA hai, kintu sUrya ko svataMtra devatA ke rUpa meM jaina devakula meM sthAna nahIM prApta huA, jabaki viSNu, ziva, kAttikeya, brahmA tathA anya kaI brAhmaNa devoM ko jaina devakula meM zAsanadevatAoM evaM svataMtra devoM ( brahmazAMti evaM kapardida yakSoM) ke rUpa meM mAnyatA milI / bahuta saMbhava hai sUrya ke avyaMga, varma aura upAnaha jaise videzI tatvoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa hI unheM jaina dharma meM svataMtra devatA ke rUpa meM praveza nahIM milA / sUrya ke atirikta chaH grahoM ( candra 1. navagrahoM kI AkRtiyoM se yukta do svataMtra uttaraMga kramazaH jADina saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho ( kramAMka 1467 ) tathA jaina dharmazAlA ke ahAte meM haiN|

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anya deva mUrtiyAM se zani ) ko pUrvavat anya udAharaNoM meM bhI abhayamudrA aura jalapAtra ke sAtha dikhAyA gayA hai| rAhu aura ketu kI AkRtiyA~ pArzvanAtha maMdira kI mUrtiyoM ke sadRzya haiM / kevala jaina dharmazAlA ke AhAte kI mUrti meM ketu ke hAtha aMjalimudrA meM na hokara abhayamudrA aura phala se yukta haiN| khajurAho ke brAhmaNa deva maMdiroM ke udAharaNoM meM bhI sUrya ke donoM hAthoM meM sanAla padma aura rAhu tathA ketu ke atirikta anya grahoM ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA aura jalapAtra haiM / UrdhvakAya rAhu ke hAtha tarpaNamudrA meM aura ketu ke aMjalimudrA meM haiN| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki jaina maMdiroM para navagrahoM kA aMkana brAhmaNa maMdiroM ke udAharaNoM se prabhAvita hai| sAtha hI khajurAho-zilpI ne navagrahoM ke nirUpaNa meM sUrya, rAhu aura ketu ke atirikta anya grahoM ke sandarbha meM zAstrIya vivaraNoM kA pAlana nahIM kiyA, yaha bhI spaSTa hai|' ullekhanIya hai ki navagrahoM kA svataMtra aura pAramparika lakSaNoM ke sAtha nirUpaNa koNArka ke sUrya maMdira ( purI, ur3IsA ) ke samIpa ke navagraha maMdira mUrtiyoM ( 13vIM zatI I0 ) meM huA hai| jaina granthoM meM sUrya ko donoM hAthoM meM padma se yukta aura saptAzva ratha para ArUr3ha batAyA gayA hai| anya chaH grahoM (candra se zani) ko akSamAlA aura jalapAtra dhAraNa kiye nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / para kucha graMthoM meM inake lie alaga-alaga lakSaNoM kA bhI vidhAna hai : candra ke hAtha meM amRtaghaTa (yA zUla), maMgala ke hAtha meM zUla, budha ke hAtha meM pustaka (vAhana haMsa yA padya), vRhaspati ke hAtha meM pustaka (vAhana haMsa yA padma), zukra ke hAtha meM trizUla, sarpa, pAza aura akSamAlA (vAhana azva) tathA zani ke hAtha meM parazu (vAhana kamaTha) ke ullekha haiM / rAhu kA do rUpoM meM ullekha huA hai, eka meM siMha vAhana vAle tathA parazupANi haiM aura dUsare meM UrdhvakAya aura donoM hAtha arghamudrA (tarpaNamudrA) meM kie haiM / 6 ketu ko dhumravarNa aura sarpavAhana vAlA tathA hAthoM meM akSamAlA aura jalapAtra (yA sarpa) se yukta nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra jaina granthoM ke uparyukta vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki navagrahoM ke nirUpaNa meM svarUpagata bheda kI bAta svIkAra kI gaI thii| kintu khajurAho, devagar3ha tathA anyatra se prApta mUrta abhivyaktiyoM meM kevala sUrya, rAhu aura ketu ke prasaMga meM hI svarUpagata bheda prakaTa huA hai| 1. avasthI, rAmAzraya, pUrvaniviSTa, pR0 194-96 / 2. AcAradinakara, bhAga 2; pratiSThAdhikAra, pR0 179 / 3. nirvANakalikA 20. 2-7 / 4. pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 6.6 / 5. AcAradinakara, bhAga 2, pR0 180 / 6. nirvANakalikA 20. 8; AcAradinakara, bhAga 2, pR0 180 / 7. nirvANakalikA 20. 9; AcAradinakara, bhAga 2, pR0 180 / 8. nirvANakalikA meM candra se zani taka 6 grahoM ko samAna lakSaNoM vAlA nirUpita kiyA gayA hai aura unake karoM meM akSamAlA aura jalapAtra kA ullekha huA hai|

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva gaMgA-yamunA ___ guptakAla meM maMdiroM kI dvArazAkhAoM para makaravAhinI gaMgA aura kUrmavAhinI yamunA kA nirUpaNa prArambha huA aura usake bAda sabhI kSetroM meM maMdiroM kI dvArazAkhAoM para inakA niyamita aMkana huaa| khajurAho evaM anya kSetroM ke jaina maMdiroM para bhI gaMgA aura yamunA kI mUrtiyA~ nirUpita huii| khajurAho meM ghaNTaI, AdinAtha tathA pArzvanAtha maMdiroM ke pravezadvAroM para inakI mUrtiyAM haiN| ghaNTaI maMdira ke udAharaNa meM dvibhuja makaravAhinI gaMgA aura kUrmavAhinI yamunA kI khar3I AkRtiyoM ke donoM hAtha naSTa ho cuke haiN| pArzvanAtha maMdira meM gaMgA aura yamunA kI tIna-tIna AkRtiyAM haiM jo kramazaH ardhamaNDapa, garbhagRha aura pazcimI devakulikA para haiM / inameM makaravAhinI gaMgA aura kUrmavAhinI yamunA vibhinna AbhUSaNoM se sajjita evaM dvibhuja haiN| ardhamaNDapa ke udAharaNoM meM unake donoM hAtha khaMDita haiM jabaki garbhagRha ke udAharaNa meM eka avaziSTa bhujA nIce laTakatI huI dikhAI gaI hai / pazcimI devakulikA ke udAharaNa meM kevala yamunA kA eka hAtha surakSita hai jisameM cakrAkAra padma pradarzita hai / AdinAtha maMdira ke udAharaNa meM gaMgA (bAMyeM) aura yamunA (dAhine) caturbhujA haiN| yamunA ke cAroM hAtha khaMDita haiM kintu gaMgA ke eka avaziSTa kara meM padma pradarzita hai| inake samIpa hI makara aura kUrma vAhanoM kI AkRtiyA~ bhI banI haiN| aSTavasu yA gomukha yakSa (?) AdinAtha maMdira ke maMDovara ke dikpAla koNoM para aSTavasuoM yA gomukha yakSa kI ATha sthAnaka mUrtiyA~ banI haiM / ina AkRtiyoM ke gomukha hone ke kAraNa inheM RSabhanAtha ke gomukha yakSa kA aMkana bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| khajurAho meM 10vIM zatI I0 ke bAda ke brAhmaNa maMdiroM para bhI isI prakAra ATha koNoM para vRSamukha aSTavasuoM kA aMkana huA hai jisake udAharaNa caturbhuja evaM dUlAdeva maMdiroM tathA varAha maMdira ke vizAla varAha pratimA ke zarIra para dekhe jA sakate haiM / brAhmaNa maMdiroM kI mUrtiyoM meM caturbhuja avaSTasuoM ko AdinAtha maMdira ke samAna hI tribhaMga meM khar3A, vRSamukha aura vRSabhavAhana vAlA dikhAyA gayA hai tathA unake karoM meM varadamudrA (yA varadAkSa), trizUla (yA sa ka yA parazu), pustaka-padma aura jalapAtra haiN| AdinAtha maMdira kI vRSamukha caturbhuja mUrtiyA~ tribhaMga meM vRSabhavAhana ke sAtha nirUpita haiN| unake hAthoM meM varadamudrA, cakrAkAra sanAla padma (yA parazu), cakrAkAra sanAla pama aura jalapAtra pradarzita haiN| ye AkRtiyA~ tIna hAroM, upavIta, lambI mAlA, mekhalA tathA dhotI Adi se suzobhita haiM / digambara graMthoM meM RSabhanAtha ke gomukha yakSa kA vAhana vRSabha batAyA gayA hai, aura unake hAthoM meM parazu, phala, akSamAlA aura varadamudrA pradarzita haiN|

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adhyAyasAhU zAnti prasAda jaina kalA saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho [sA0 zAM0 0 ka0 saM0] jaina mandira samUha evaM dharmazAlA ke praveza dvAra ke samIpa hI kucha samaya pUrva sAhU zAnti prasAda jaina kalA saMgrahAlaya kA nirmANa huA hai| saMgrahAlaya meM khajurAho se milI 10vIM se 13vIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI zatAdhika jaina mUrtiyA~ haiM / saMgrahAlaya kI vividhatApUrNa jaina mUrtiyoM meM vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM (RSabhanAtha, ajitanAtha, sambhavanAtha, abhinandana, supArzvanAtha, vimalanAtha, zAMtinAtha, pArzvanAtha, neminAtha aura mahAvIra), yakSa evaM yakSiyoM (kubera yakSa evaM cakrezvarI, ambikA, padmAvatI yakSI) tathA bAhubalI, kSetrapAla, dikpAla evaM jaina AcAryoM Adi kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / ina mUrtiyoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai / saMgrahAlaya kA praveza-dvAra 11vIM zatI I0 ke prAcIna jaina mandira ke pravezadvAra se alaMkRta hai| praveza-dvAra ke donoM ora do vizAla makaramukha dekhe jA sakate haiN| prAcIna mandira ke praveza-dvAra ke lalATabimba meM caturbhujA cakrezvarI (garuDavAhanA) aura uttaraMga ke dAhine chora para ambikA (Amralumbi, padma, pustaka evaM bAlaka se yukta) aura bAyeM chora para lakSmI (tIna hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, padma aura padma) kI AkRtiyA~ nirUpita hai| uttaraMga para hI gomukha yakSa sahita navagrahoM, mAlAdhArI vidyAdharoM, gandhoM tathA dvArazAkhAoM para AliMganabaddha yugaloM evaM gaMgA aura yamunA kI atyanta alaMkRta aura bhavya mUrtiyA~ ukerI haiN| praveza-dvAra ke bhItarI bhAga meM bhI kisI prAcIna jaina mandira kA uttaraMga (11vIM zatII0) lagAyA gayA hai / uttaraMga ke madhya meM supArzvanAtha kI dhyAnastha tathA donoM choroM para padmAvatI evaM siMhavAhanA ambikA kI AkRtiyA~ banI hai| uttaraMga para 6 tIrthaMkaroM tathA navagrahoM kI dvibhuja aura sthAnaka AkRtiyA~ bhI dekhI jA sakatI haiN| saMgrahAlaya ke praveza dvAra ke donoM ora (bhItara kI ora) kSetrapAla kI 11vIM zatI I0 ko do mUrtiyA~ haiM / dAhinI ora kI mUrti (kra0 237, 2'6" x 1' 5") tribhaMga meM aSTabhuja kSetrapAla kI hai / bhayaMkara darzana, visphArita netroM tathA bikhare keza vAle kSetrapAla ke eka hAtha meM gadA kA kucha bhAga zeSa hai aura eka hAtha meM zRMkhalA spaSTa hai jisase usakA vAhana ba~dhA huA hai| yaha vAhana sambhavataH siMha hai / mUrti ke parikara meM tIna dhyAnastha jina AkRtiyA~ tathA cAmaradhara evaM mAlAdhara dikhAe gae haiN| kSetrapAla kI dUsarI mUrti (202"x 1' 9) dasa hAthoM vAlI aura tribhaMga meM hai aura unakA vAhana sambhavataH siMha hai| mUrti ke kevala do hAtha surakSita haiM jinameM se eka meM gadA hai aura dUsarA tarjanImudrA meM hai / uparyukta mUrti kI bhayaMkaratA isa mUrti meM nahIM dikhAI detI haiN| isa mUrti meM kSetrapAla ko saumya evaM zAMta bhAva vAlA tathA mAlAdhArI sevikAoM, cAmaradharoM evaM upAsakoM se veSThita dikhAyA gayA hai / kakSa 1 : RSabhanAtha (kra0 16 ) : isa vizAla mUrti meM RSabhanAtha ko candrazilA ke Upara dhyAnastha dikhAyA gayA hai / mUlanAyaka kA mukha bharA huA aura kiJcit vRttAkAra

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva hai| mukha para mandasmita evaM cintana kA bhAva spaSTa hai| mUlanAyaka kI keza-racanA choTe-choTe sundara gucchakoM ke rUpa meM dikhAyI gayI hai jo jaTAjUTa ke rUpa meM (uSNISa) baMdhI hai| isa mUrti meM vRSabha-lAMchana aura aSTaprAtihAryoM ke atirikta parikara meM 19 anya tIrthakara AkRtiyA~ bhI sundara DhaMga se saMyojita haiN| mUlanAyaka ke dAhinI ora pArzvanAtha aura bAyIM ora supArzvanAtha tathA UparI bhAga meM 31 tIrthaMkaroM kI AkRtiyA~ alaga se rakhI gayI haiM jo RSabhanAtha kI mUrti kI bhavyatA aura vizAlatA meM vRddhi karatI hai / yakSa aura yakSI ke rUpa meM cAra hAthoM vAle gomukha aura cakrezvarI AmUrtita haiM / yaha mUrti lagabhaga 10vI-11vIM zatI I0 kI hai| pArzvanAtha (kra0 541) : 10vIM zatI I0 ko isa mUrti meM pArzvanAtha ko kAyotsarga mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai / pArzvanAtha (kra0 542, 10vIM zato I0) : isa udAharaNa meM bhI pAzvanAtha ko sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta aura kAyotsarga mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai| . kakSa 2 : RSabhanAtha (kra0 71, 10vIM zatI I0) : yaha mUrti paryApta khaNDita hai / isa mUrti (31" x 2' 8') meM dhyAnastha tIrthaMkara ke sAtha vRSabha-lAMchana evaM yakSa-yakSI ke rUpa meM gomukha aura cakrezvarI dikhAe gaye haiN| siMhAsana para do caturbhujA deviyA~ bhI nirUpita hai jinameM se eka vajrAMkuzA (eka hAtha meM aMkuza) aura dUsarI lakSmI yA gAndhArI (hAtha meM padma) haiM / parikara meM do kAyotsarga tIrthakara AkRtiyA~ bhI banI hai| ajitanAtha (kra0 354, 11voM zatI I0): yaha mUrti bhI paryApta khaNDita hai| siMhAsana ke nIce gaja-lAMchana aura siMhAsana choroM para caturbhuja yakSa aura yakSI kA aMkana huA hai / yakSa ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, padma, pustaka evaM dhana kA thailA aura makaravAhanA yakSI ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, khaDga, kheTaka evaM tarjanImudrA haiM / isa mUrti meM sihAsana ke Upara sthita Asana atyanta alaMkRta hai| ajitanAtha (kra 0 20, 11vIM zatI I0) : isa mUrti (3' x 2' 5') meM mUlanAyaka kA Asana atyanta alaMkRta hai aura siMhAsana ke madhya meM gaja-lAMchana bhI utkIrNa hai / aSTaprAtihAryoM ke sthAna para pArzvanAtha evaM do anya tIrthaMkaroM kI AkRtiyA~ dikhAyI gayI haiM jinameM se dAhinI ora kI tIrthakara AkRti ko azva-lAMchana ke AdhAra para sambhavanAtha se pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| kakSa 3 : sambhavanAtha (kra0 50, 11vIM zatI0 I0) : isa dhyAnastha mUrti meM aSTaprAtihAryoM evaM parikara meM 6 tIrthakara AkRtiyoM kA aMkana huA hai| siMhAsana para azva-lAMchana bhI banA huA hai| isa mUrti meM yakSa-yakSI do hAthoM vAle haiN| yakSa ke hAthoM meM gadA aura parsa tathA yakSI ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA aura padma pradarzita haiM / sambhavanAtha (kra0 162, 11vIM zatI I0) : isa kAyotsarga mUrti meM azva-lAMchana surakSita hai| ___ abhinandana : kAle patthara kI vikrama sambat 1215 (1158 I0) kI dhyAnastha mUrti meM abhinandana kA nAma bhI utkIrNa hai|

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85 sAhU zAnti prasAda jaina kalA saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho bAhubalI (11vIM zatI I0) : bAhubalI mUrti (1' 10' x 1' 2") meM kevala ghuTanoM ke nIce kA bhAga ho avaziSTa hai| bAhubalI ke zarIra se lipaTI huI mAdhavI ke donoM chora pAvoM meM khar3I vidyAdhariyoM ke hAthoM meM dikhAe gae haiN| parikara meM sAta tIrthaMkaroM kI AkRtiyA~ bhI banI hai| siMhAsana para kAyotsarga meM khar3e bAhubalI ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI bhI nirUpita hai| bAhubalI ke sAtha yakSa aura yakSI kA aMkana eka durlabha vizeSatA hai / yakSa aura yakSI ke rUpa meM gomukha aura cakrezvarI AkArita haiM jo mUlataH RSabhanAtha ke yakSa aura yakSI hai| dvibhuja gomukha ke hAthoM meM phala evaM dhana kA thailA tathA caturbhujA garuDavAhanA cakrezvarI ke tIna avaziSTa karoM meM varadamudrA, cakra aura zaMkha haiN| sambhavanAtha (kra0 38, 11vIM zatI I0) : isa dhyAnastha mUrti (2' 8 x 1' 5') meM azva-lAMchana, aSTaprAtihArya evaM dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana huA hai| kakSa 4 : stambha bhAga-isake eka ora ardhacandra-lAMchana aura dUsarI aura svastikalAMchana vAlI candraprabha aura supArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| RSabhanAtha (10vIM zatI I0) : isa dhyAnastha mUrti (2' 7' x 1' 11'') meM jaTAmukuTa ke rUpa meM RSabhanAtha ke kezoM kI banAvaTa vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| isa mUrti ke parikara meM kaI torthaMkara AkRtiyA~ banI haiM aura donoM ora pA~ca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAlI supAzvanAtha kI do kAyotsarga mUrtiyA~ avasthita haiN| supArzvanAtha ke kandhoM para jaTAoM kA aMkana ullekhanIya hai / mUlanAyaka ke yakSa-yakSI caturbhuja gomukha (abhayamudrA, parazu, pustaka evaM phala) evaM cakrezvarI (garuDavAhanA tathA karoM meM abhayamudrA, gadA, cakra evaM zaMkha) hai / vimalanAtha (kra0 286, 10vIM zato I0) : isa dhyAnastha mUrti (2' 1' x 1' 3') meM siMhAsana ke Upara kA Asana atyanta alaMkRta hai| siMhAsana para varAha-lAMchana evaM dvibhuja yakSa aura yakSI utkIrNa haiN| choTe-choTe ghumAvadAra challoM ke rUpa meM pradarzita mUlanAyaka kI keza racanA atyanta sundara hai| vizeSataH alaMkRta prabhAmaNDala evaM trichatra ke atirika parikara meM kaI tIrthakara AkRtiyA~ bhI banI haiN| zAMtinAtha (kra0 39, 11vIM zatI I0) : dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna zAMtinAtha ke dAhine pArzva meM aja-lAMchana se yukta kuMthanAtha aura bAyIM ora padma-lAMchana vAlI padmaprabha kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM (1' 11" x 1' 7' ) / stambha bhAga (kra0 453 )-staMbha ke do ora do tIrthaMkaroM kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyA~ ukerI haiN| ____supArzvanAtha (do udAharaNa : eka kA kramAMka 511) : donoM ho udAharaNoM meM pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAle supArzvanAtha ke kevala mastaka avaziSTa haiM / kakSa 5 : neminAtha (kra0 14, 10 vIM zatI I0) : siMhAsana para virAjamAna neminAtha ke sAtha zaMkha-lAMchana aura yakSa-yakSI ke rUpa meM sarvAla evaM siMhavAhanA ambikA kI AkRtiyA~ dikhAyo gayI hai (45' x 28) / isa mUrti meM Asana, prabhAbhaNDala evaM trichatra atyadhika alaMkRta haiM / aSTaprAtihAryoM ke atirikta gaja-vyAla-makara alaMkaraNa evaM parikara meM 18 tIrthakara mUrtiyA~ bhI banI haiN|

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva RSabhanAtha (kra0 103, 11vIM zatI I0) : isa dhyAnastha mUrti (5'1" x 3'1") meM vRSabha-lAMchana aura caturbhuja gomukha yakSa evaM garuDavAhanA cakrezvarI kI AkRtiyA~ banI haiM / kandhoM ko chUtI huyI laToM se zobhita RSabhanAtha kI keza racanA choTe-choTe gucchakoM ke rUpa meM pradarzita hai / atyadhika alaMkRta prabhAmaNDala evaM Asana vizeSataH darzanIya haiN| pArzvanAtha (kra0 193, prArambhika 11vIM zatI I0) : isa mUrti (35" x 2'6' ) meM dhyAnastha pArzvanAtha ko sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra ke nIce AsIna dikhAyA gayA hai| mUlanAyaka ke donoM ora cAmaradhArI dharaNendra evaM padmAvato kI AkRtiyA~ ukerI haiN| parikara meM sAta tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ evaM aSTaprAtihArya bhI dikhAye gaye haiN| supArzvanAtha-mastaka kakSa 6 : RSabhanAtha (kra0 86, 10vIM zatI I0) : jaTamukuTa se zobhita RSabhanAtha vRSabha-lAMchana evaM gomukha-cakrezvarI kI AkRtiyoM se yukta haiM / mahAvIra (kra0 24, 11vIM zatI I0) : yaha mUrti paryApta khaNDita hai, kintu sihalAMchana ke AdhAra para tIrthaMkara kI pahacAna mahAvIra se kI jA sakatI haiN| isa manojJa mUrti meM aSTaprAtihAryoM ke atirikta caturbhuja yakSa aura yakSI kI AkRtiyA~ bhI dikhAyI gayI haiM / yakSa ke Ayudha spaSTa nahIM haiM, kintu yakSI viziSTa lakSaNoM vAlI hai| pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta yakSI ke hAthoM meM phala dekhA jA sakatA hai / RSabhanAtha (kra0 3, 10vIM zatI I0) : yaha kAyotsarga mUrti kalA kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| mUlanAyaka kI zarIra racanA sundara, AnupAtika aura halkI hai / vRSabha-lAMchana evaM kandhoM para laTakatI jaTAoM ke sAtha hI caturbhuja yakSa-yakSI bhI nirUpita hai| yakSa ke tIna hAthoM meM phala, pustaka aura dhana kA thailA hai| garuDavAhanA cakrezvarI pAramparika AyudhoM se yukta hai / parikara meM 23 tIrthakara AkRtiyA~ bhI banI haiN| inameM se do AkRtiyoM kI pahacAna pA~ca aura sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra ke AdhAra para supArzvanAtha aura pArzvanAtha se kI jA sakatI hai / supArzvanAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI AkRtiyoM ke samIpa do cAmaradhArI sevakoM kA aMkana alaMkaraNa evaM unakI eka ora jhukI huI vizeSa AkarSaka mudrA ke kAraNa ullekhanIya hai / tIrthakara mUrtiyoM meM cAmaradhArI sevakoM kA yaha sundaratama aMkana hai| kakSa 7 : isa kakSa meM caturbhujA deviyoM ko pAMca mUrtiyAM haiM jinakI nizcita pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai 1. gaurI yA lakSmI (kra0 518, 11 vIM zatI I0) tribhaMga meM khar3I devI ke 3 hAthoM meM se eka meM abhayamudrA aura do meM padma pradarzita haiN| 2. gaurI yA lakSmI (kra0 200, 11 voM zatI I0) lalitAsIna devI ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, padma, padma aura jalapAtra haiM / 3. vajAkuzA (?) (kra0 288) lalitAsIna devI kA vAhana makara hai aura devI ke tIna hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, aMkuza aura padma dikhAyA gayA hai / makaravAhana aura padma ke AdhAra para devI kI pahacAna yakSI gAndhArI se bhI kI jA sakatI hai| 4. gaurI yA lakSmI (kra0 18, 11vIM zatI I0) lalitAsIna devI ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, padma, pazca aura vajra pradarzita haiN| 5. gaurI yA lakSmI

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sAhU zAnti prasAda jaina kalA saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho (kra. 290, 11 vIM zatI I0) devI atibhaMga meM khar3I haiM aura unake karoM meM varadamudrA, pama, pana evaM jalapAtra haiN| kakSa 8 : cakrezvarI yakSI (11vIM zatI I0) : yaha mUrti bIsa hAthoM vAlI hai kintu vartamAna meM sabhI hAtha khaNDita haiN| yakSI ke zIrSa bhAga meM jaTAyukta RSabhanAtha kI mUrti dekhI jA sakatI hai| gAndhArI (11vIM zatI I0) : lalitAsIna devI ke Asana ke samIpa makaramukha banA hai aura devI ke karoM meM abhayamudrA, padma, padma aura jalapAtra haiM / gAndhArI (kra0 284, 11vIM zatI I0) : yaha mUrti atyadhika alaMkRta aura bhavya hai / tribhaMga meM avasthita devI ke dAhine pArzva meM makaramukha banA haiM aura usake hAthoM meM varadamudrA, pana, padma-pustaka evaM jalapAtra pradarzita haiN| isa mUrti ke UparI parikara meM padmadhAriNI do caturbhujA deviyAM bhI dikhAyI gayI haiN| padmAvatI (12 vIM-12vIM zatI I0): yaha mUrti kalAtmaka stara para bahuta sundara na hote huye bhI pratimAlakSaNa kI dRSTi se mahattva kI hai| pArzvavartI cAmaradhAriNo sevikAoM se veSThita devI tribhaMga meM haiM aura unake sira para pAMca sarpaphaNoM kA chatra hai| devI ke hAthoM meM varadAkSa, padma, padma evaM phala pradarzita haiM / cakradharI (kra0 85, 10vIM zatI I0) : vAstava meM yaha kisI vizAla tIrthakara mUrti kI pIThikA vAlA bhAga hai jisa para dvAdazabhujI cakrezvarI (2'4" x 22") kA aMkana huA hai / yadyapi cakrezvarI ke sabhI hAtha khaNDita hai kintu garuDavAhana evaM mastaka para kirITamukuTa tathA pIThikA para sabame nIce utkIrNa vRSabha-lAMchana ke AdhAra para mUla pratimA kA RSabhanAtha kI mUrti honA sarvathA nizcita hai jinakI yakSI ke rUpa meM cakrezvarI kA aMkana pUrI taraha paramparAsammata hai / yakSa (kra0 251, saMgrahAlaya meM ajitayakSa ?) : yaha baikeTa mUrti hai jisameM caturbhuja yakSa ke do hAthoM meM padma aura kalaza haiN| __mAtaMga yakSa-lalitAsIna yakSa ghaTodara evaM gajavAhana vAle haiN| inake do hAthoM meM bIjapUraka aura nakulaka haiM / kakSa 9 : isa kakSa meM kevala neminAtha kI yakSI ambikA kI dasavIM se terahavIM I0 ke madhya kI pAMca mUrtiyA~ surakSita haiM-1. caturbhujA ambikA lalitAsIna aura siMhavAhana se yukta haiM (kra0 223, 10 vIM zatI ii.)| devI ke do hAthoM meM Amralumbi aura bAlaka dikhAyA gayA hai| 2. (kra0 191, 13 vIM zatI I0) tribhaMga meM khar3I yakSI ke karoM meM Amralumbi, aMkuza, pAza evaM bAlaka (priyaMkara) pradarzita haiM / pIThikA para devI kA siMhavAhana aura Amralumbi ke nIce bar3e putra zubhaMkara ko dikhAyA gayA hai| 3. 10 vIM zatI I0 kI tIsarI mUrti (44' x 1'3") meM devI ke sabhI hAtha yadyapi khaNDita hai kintu donoM ora bAlakoM kI AkRti tathA bAyIM ora siMhavAhana spaSTataH dekhA jA sakatA hai / yaha mUrti vizeSa alaMkRta mUrti hai| devI kI sAr3I tathA kirITamukuTa alaMkaraNa kI dRSTi se ullekhanIya haiM / zIrSa bhAga meM AmravRkSa tathA parikara meM cturbhuj| cakrezvarI evaM tIna tIrthaMkaroM kI AkRtiyA~ banI haiM / madhya kI tIrthakara

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88 khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva AkRti zaMkha-lAMchana se yukta neminAtha kI mUrti hai| 4. (kra0 333, 13 vIM zatI I0) kalAtmaka dRSTi se yaha mUrti AkarSaka nahIM hai| atibhaMga meM khar3I yakSI ke sabhI hAtha TUTe huye haiM, kintu yakSI ke siMhavAhana para unake bAlaka kI AkRti dekhI jA sakatI hai| 5. (kra0 42) tribhaMga meM khar3I caturbhujA yakSI ke tIna hAthoM meM Amralumbi, padma aura bAlaka spaSTa haiM / yakSI ke vAmapArzva meM siMhavAhana aura dakSiNa pArzva meM jyeSTha putra zubhaMkara ko AkRtiyA~ banI haiM / braikeTa [ToDoM] kI mUrtiyA~ ___ bhaTTAraka nayanandI-(kra0 233, 11vIM zatI I0)-isa mUrti meM jaina AcAryoM kI tatvacarcA kA aMkana huA hai / do jaina AcArya Amane-sAmane baiThe haiM aura donoM ke hAthoM meM pustaka dikhAyA gayA hai| inake madhya meM sthApanA hai| zIrSa bhAga meM tIrthaMkara AkRtiyAM aura pIThikA para cAra kalaza tathA mayUrapicchikA se yukta muniyoM kI AkRtiyAM dikhAyI gayI haiN| Age cAra tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ke mastaka evaM zmazruyukta puruSa AkRti kA mastaka (pAhila) tathA vikrama samvat 1186 (1129 I0) ke lekha se yukta kisI tIrthakara pratimA kI pIThikA ke avaziSTa bhAga krama se rakhe huye haiM / kendrIya SaTkoNIya pIThikA kI tIrthakara mUrtiyAM : isa pIThikA para RSabhanAtha kI cAra tathA pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI kramazaH eka-eka mUrtiyAM surakSita haiN| 1. RSabhanAtha (kra0 7, 10vIM zatI I0) lambI aura laharAtI huI jaTAoM se zobhita RSabhanAtha kI mUrti (48' x 2 2") ke parikara meM pA~ca tIrthakara mUrtiyA~ banI haiM jinameM se eka mUrti supArzvanAtha kI hai| 2. RSabhanAtha (kra0 6; 10vIM zatI I0) ikahare badana vAlI yaha mUrti AnupAtika zarIra racanA evaM bhAvAbhivyakti ke stara para atyanta utkRSTa mUrti (4'2" x 2'9") hai| mUlanAyaka ke mukha para mandasmita aura gambhIra cintana kA bhAva pradarzita hai| parikara meM 23 anya tIrthaGkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ bhI banI haiM, jinake AdhAra para yaha mUrti caturvizati jina mUrti kahI jA sakatI hai| donoM ora caturbhuja yakSa aura yakSI kA aMkana huA hai / yadyapi yakSa gomukha nahIM hai kintu unake hAthoM meM phala, sarpa, padma evaM dhana kA thailA dekhA jA sakatA hai| yakSI ke rUpa meM garuDavAhanA cakrezvarI nirUpita haiN| 3. RSabhanAtha (kra 0 18, 11 vIM zatI I0) : RSabhanAtha vRSabha-lAMchana evaM gomukha aura cakrezvarI kI AkRtiyoM se yukta dikhAye gaye haiN| isa mUrti (4'3' 42'410") meM cAmaradhArI sevakoM kA aMkana vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai / 4. RSabhanAtha (kra0 15, 12 vIM zatI I0) : isa mUrti meM (3'11"x2'3'') meM alaMkRta Asana evaM prabhAmaNDala vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| pArzvanAtha (kra0 100, 11vIM zatI I0) : pArzvanAtha ko yaha mUrti kalA aura pratimA lakSaNa donoM hI dRSTiyoM se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| isa mUrti (4'5' x 29') meM pArzvanAtha ko sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra ke nIce virAjamAna dikhAyA gayA hai| mUlanAyaka ke padmAsana ke nIce sarpa kI kuNDaliyA~ bahuta sundara DhaMga se utkIrNa haiM / aSTaprAtihAryoM ke sAtha hI siMhAsana para sarpaphagoM ke chatra vAle dvibhuja dharaNendra aura caturbhujA padmAvatI kI AkRtiyA~ bhI ukerI haiN|

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sAhU zAnti prasAda jaina kalA saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho mahAvIra (kra0 231, 11vIM zatI I0) : mahAvIra ko dhyAnamudrA meM siMhAsana para baiThe dikhAyA gayA hai / siMhAsana ke madhya meM hI siMha-lAMchana bhI utkIrNa hai / yakSa-yakSI ke rUpa meM dvibhuja mAtaMga aura caturbhujA yakSo kA aMkana huA hai / gomukha yakSa : caturbhuja gomukha yakSa tribhaMga meM haiM aura unakA vAhana vRSabha hai / yakSa ke do hAthoM meM pustaka aura kalaza pradarzita haiM / gomukha yakSa ke Age dikpAla-varuNa, vAyu, kubera, IzAn, indra aura agni kI AkRtiyA~ banI haiN| inake vAhana ke rUpa meM kramazaH makara, ghaTa, vRSabha, gaja aura aja ko AkRtiyA~ banI haiN| jaina yugala (kra0 49, 11voM zato I0) : isa mUti (2'6' x 2'5'') meM puruSa aura strI ko sAtha-sAtha lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna dikhAyA gayA hai| puruSa ke eka hAtha meM padma aura stro ke hAtha meM bAlaka hai| ina AkRtiyoM ke Upara tIrthaGkara kI mUrti aura unake Upara jaina AcAryoM kI tattvacarcA evaM muniyoM dvArA usake zravaNa ke dRzya dikhAye gaye haiN| sabase Upara do gajoM ke yuddha aura usake bAda azva, gaja tathA padAti sainikoM kA aMkana huA hai| dvitIrtho tIrthakara mUti (kra0 31, 11vIM zatI I0) : do tIrthaMkaroM ko binA lAMchanoM ke sAtha-sAtha kAyotsarga mudrA meM siMhAsana evaM anya prAtihAryoM ke sAtha dikhAyA gayA hai| donoM tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI AmUrtita haiN| isa mUrti meM mAlAdhArI gandharvo kA alaMkaraNa vizeSa mahatvapUrNa hai| isa mUrti ke Upara kisI prAcIna mandira kA uttaraMga bhAga rakhA hai, jisameM madhya meM RSabhanAtha aura donoM ora jaina muniyoM dvArA tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ke pUjana kA dRzya aMkita hai / tIrthakara mUti : Age do-do ke samUha meM kula ATha lAMchana rahita kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ surakSita haiM / ye mUrtiyAM lagabhaga 11 vIM zatI I0 kI haiN| RSabhanAtha (kra. 48, 11vIM zatI I0) : RSabhanAtha kI dhyAnastha mUrti (27''x 5'7") meM gomukha aura cakrezvarI evaM parikara meM cAra tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ bhI banI haiN| isa mUrti ke dUsarI ora binA lAMchana vAlI tIrthaGkara kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti ( kra0 51, 11 vIM zatI I0 ) rakhI hai| isa mUrti ke parikara meM 24-24 tIrthaGkaroM ke do samUha dikhAye gaye hai (42' x 1'5') / caumukhI mUrti (kra0 197, 11vIM zatI I0) : isa caumukhI mUrti meM eka ora dhyAnastha supArzvanAtha, dUsarI ora lakSmo (lalitAsona aura hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, padma, padma evaM jalapAtra se yukta), tIsarI ora tattvacarcA karate hue do jaina muni (pustaka lie) aura cauthI ora dhyAnastha pArzvanAtha kI AkRtiyA~ banI haiM / RSabhanAtha (kra0 54, 12vIM zatI I0) : alaMkRta Asana para virAjamAna RSabhanAtha kI pIThikA para vRSabha-lAMchana tathA gomukha aura cakrezvarI kI AkRtiyA~ banI hai (3' x 1'10') / samIpa hI RSabhanAtha kI 11vIM zatI I0 kI eka dUsarI lekhayukta mUrti (kra0 106; 28"x 22") bhI rakhI hai jisameM vRSabha-lAMchana aura gImukha tathA cakrezvarI ke sAtha hI siMhAsana ke donoM siMha bhI draSTavya hai|

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva gAndhArI-(?) (kra0 517 evaM 291) : donoM udAharaNoM meM tribhaMga meM khar3I caturbhujA devI ke karoM meM varadamudrA, padma, padma aura jalapAtra hai| lakSmI : 11vIM zatI I0 kI isa caturbhujI mUrti meM lakSmI donoM paira mor3akara alaMkRta Asana para baiThI haiM aura unake samIpa hI gaja kI AkRti banI hai| devI ke do hAthoM meM padma aura eka hAtha meM kalaza haiN| 11vIM zatI I0 kI dUsarI mUrti (kra0 238) meM lalitAsIna devI varadamudrA, padma aura kalaza se yukta haiM / devI sambhavataH lakSmI hai| jaina yugala (kra0 32, 11vIM zatI I0) : isa mUrti meM puruSa AkRti ke bAyeM hAtha meM bAlaka kI AkRti kA kucha TUTA huA bhAga zeSa hai / mUrti (3' 2" 42.4" pUrI taraha khaNDita hai, kintu nIce kucha upAsakoM ko AkRtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / dvitIrtho mUti (kra0 28, 11vIM zatI I0) : yaha mUrti (4 4' x 2' 4") Upara vaNita dvitIrthI jina mUrti ke samAna hai| do tIrthaMkaroM ko binA lAMchanoM ke kAyotsargamudrA meM sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle yakSI-yakSI ke sAtha nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| isa mUrti meM zarIra racanA adhika sundara aura ikahare badana vAlI hai / mUrti ke Upara kisI prAcIna jaina mandira kA siradala bhAga rakhA hai jisameM tIrthaMkara ke mAtA-pitA aura solaha mAMgalika svapnoM kA aMkana milatA hai / padmAvatI yakSI (kra0 209, 11vIM zatI I0) : padma para lalitamudrA meM AsIna pA~ca sapaMpaNoM ke chatra vAlI padmAvatI aSTabhujA haiN| mUrti (1' 7' x 1' 7" meM devI kA kevala eka hI hAtha surakSita hai jisameM phala pradarzita hai / devI ke donoM ora veNuvAdakoM kI AkRtiyA~ banI haiM / mAnasI yA jvAlAmAlinI (12vIM zatI I0, 1'8"x 1' 3") : aSTabhujA devI kA vAhana siMha hai / lalitamudrA meM AsIna devI ke hAthoM meM varadamudrA, ghaNTA, khaDga (sira ke pIche prayoga kI sthiti meM) evaM kheTaka pradarzita haiM / jaTAmukuTa ke rUpa meM devI kI keza-racanA kucha vizeSa prakAra se alaMkRta kI gayI hai| cakrezvarI (kra0 27/50, 12vIM zatI I0) : garuDavAhanA SaTbhujA cakrezvarI kirITamukuTa ke sthAna para karaNDamukuTa se zobhita hai aura usake hAthoM meM gadA, cakra (prayoga kI sthiti meM), cakra, padma aura zaMkha dikhAe gaye haiM (1'7"x 1' 3") / jvAlAmAlinI (?) (kra0 187, 12vIM zatI I0) : lalitAsIna devI kA vAhana mahiSa hai / aSTabhujA devI ke avaziSTa karoM meM varamudrA, cakra aura gadA spaSTataH pahacAne jA sakate haiM / devI ke bAyIM ora tIrthaMkara kI kAyotsarga mUrti bhI banI hai|

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pariziSTa (ka) AdinAtha mandira ke praveza dvAra kI mUrtiyA~ AdinAtha mandira ke pravezadvAra ko deviyAM pratimAvijJAna paraka adhyayana kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahatva kI haiM / inameM lakSmI, cakrezvarI, aMbikA evaM padmAvatI ke atirikta kaI aisI deviyAM bhI AkArita haiM jinakI nizcita pahacAna kaThina hai / yahA~ vAhanoM aura kucha pramukha AyudhoM ke AdhAra para una deviyoM ke pahacAna kI ceSTA kI gaI hai / ye deviyAM caturbhujI haiM aura unakI AkRtiyAM arddhastaMbhoM se veSTita rathikAoM meM sthita haiM / lalATabiMba meM garuDavAhanA cakrezvarI ( abhayamudrA, gadA, padma evaM zaMkha se yukta) aura uttaraMga choroM para siMhavAhanA aMbikA (AmraluMbi, padma, pustaka - padma evaM bAlaka se yukta) evaM pA~ca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAlI padmAvatI (abhayamudrA, pAza, padma evaM jalapAtra se yukta ) kI lalitAsIna AkRtiyAM haiM / cakrezvarI ke pAzrva meM do sthAnaka deviyAM utkIrNa haiM / inake UparI hAthoM meM sanAlapadma aura nicale meM varada mudrA aura kamaNDalu haiM / padma ke AdhAra para ina deviyoM kI saMbhAvita pahacAna lakSmI se kI jA sakatI hai / dvArazAkhAoM para donoM ora kramazaH cAra-cAra deviyoM kI lalitAsIna AkRtiyAM ukerI haiM / ina deviyoM ke nirUpaNa meM koI vizeSa svarUpagata bheda nahIM parilakSita hotA / bAyIM dvAra-zAkhA kI pahalI devI ( Upara se ) ke karoM meM abhayamudrA, sruka, gadA (?) aura kalaza haiM tathA vAhana vRSabha (?) hai| vRSabha vAhana ke AdhAra para isa AkRti kI pahacAna naveM tIrthaMkara puSpadanta kI yakSI sutArA se kI jA sakatI hai / digambara paramparA meM yakSI kA nAma mahAkAlI hai aura usakA vAhana kUrma batAyA hai / dUsarI mUrti ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, pAza aura cakrAkAra padma haiM | vAhana ke rUpa meM gauraiyyA (?) jaisA koI choTA pakSI banA hai jisakA jaina paramparA meM kisI devI ke vAhana ke rUpa meM ullekha nahIM hai / ataH isa devI kI pahacAna saMbhava nahIM hai / tIsarI devI ke tIna avaziSTa karoM meM sruka, pustaka - padma aura phala haiM tathA vAhana ke rUpa meM mRga AkArita hai jo digambara paramparA meM sAtavIM vidyAdevI kAlI aura 11veM tIrthaMkara zreyAMzanAtha kI yakSI gaurI kA vAhana hai / cauthI mUrti kA vAhana naSTa ho gayA hai, kintu hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, cakrAkAra padma ( do meM ) aura jalapAtra surakSita haiM / padma ke AdhAra para devI ko lakSmI se pahacAnA jA sakatA hai / dAhinI dvArazAkhA kI ( Upara se ) pahalI devI abhayamudrA, cakrAkAra padma, pustaka- padma aura jalapAtra se abhihita hai aura usakA vAhana vRSabha hai / padma-pustaka aura kamaNDalu ke AdhAra para devI ko sarasvatI se pahacAnA jA sakatA hai / para vRSabha vAhana isa pahacAna meM bAdhaka hai / digambara paramparA meM supArzvanAtha kI yakSI kAlI ko vRSabhavAhanA batalAyA gayA hai, para usake

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva karoM meM ghaNTA, trizUla (yA zUla) phala aura varada-mudrA ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai| dUsarI AkRti ke tIna surakSita karoM meM padma, pustaka-padma aura phala haiM tathA vAhana ke rUpa meM siMha AkArita hai / devI kI pahacAna mahAvIra kI siddhAyinI yakSI se sambhava hai| tIsarI AkRti kI eka avaziSTa bhujA meM phala hai aura vAhana guka hai / isa devI kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai / cauthI mUrti meM makaravAhanA devI ke do avaziSTa vAma karoM meM cakrAkAra padma aura phala pradarzita haiM / makara ke AdhAra para devI kI pahacAna 16vIM vidyAdevI mahAmAnasI yA 12veM tIrthakara vAsupUjya kI yakSI gAndhArI se sambhava hai| caukhaTa para bAyIM ora gajalakSmI yA abhiSekalakSmI kI eka catubhujI mUrti hai| padmAsana-mudrA meM padma para AsIna devI ke UparI hAthoM meM sanAla padma hai jisake Upara devI kA abhiSeka karatI huI do gaja AkRtiyAM banI haiM / devI kI nicalI bhujAyeM khaNDita hai / caukhaTa kI dUsarI padmAsanA devA kI bhujAyeM khaNDita hai, para eka hAtha meM padma spaSTa hai / devI kA vAhana kUrma hai / isake AdhAra para ise naveM tIrthakara puSpadanta kI yakSI mahAkAlI se pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| kintu devI ke sira para pradarzita tIna sarpaphaNoM kA chatra isa pahacAna meM bAdhaka hai| ina deviyoM ke atirikta caukhaTa para do lalitAsIna puruSa AkRtiyA~ bhI ukerI haiM / ye AkRtiyA~ ghaTodara haiM aura unake tIna avaziSTa hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, parazu aura cakrAkAra padma haiM / inake sAtha vAhana kI AkRtiyA~ nahIM banI haiN| inakI pahacAna sarvAhNa yA sarvAnubhUti yakSa se kI jA sakatI hai| (kha) mAMgalika svapna jaina granthoM meM pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke janma ke pUrva unakI mAtA dvArA kucha zubha svapnoM ke darzana se sambandhita ullekha haiN| zvetAmbara granthoM meM ina svapnoM kI saMkhyA 14 aura digambara granthoM meM 16 batAyI gayI hai| kalpasUtra meM ullekha hai ki mahAvIra ke garbha meM Agamana ke pUrva brAhmaNI devAnandA ne zubha svapnoM kA darzana kiyA thaa| harinaigameSI dvArA mahAvIra kA bhrUNa devAnandA ke garbha se kSatriyANI trizalA ke garbha meM sthAnAntarita kie jAne ke bAda trizalA ne bhI 14 mAMgalika svapnoM kA darzana kiyA thaa|' la0 AThavIM zatI I0 ke bAda jaina mandiroM ke pravezadvAroM kI bar3eriyoM para ina mAMgalika svapnoM kA aMkana prArambha huaa| __ kalpasUtra, AdipurANa evaM harivaMzapurANa meM ina svapnoM kI vistRta sUcI milatI hai / digambara granthoM meM 16 mAMgalika svapnoM kI sUcI meM gaja, vRSabha, siMha, lakSmI yA padmA (padmA 1. kalpasUtra, sUtra 3, 31-46 / 2. kuMbhAriyA evaM dilavAr3A ke maMdiroM meM tIrthaMkaroM ke paMcakalyANakoM ke citraNa ke prasaMga meM janma kalyANaka ke pUrva 14 mAMgalika svapnoM kA niyamita aMkana huA hai / khajurAho, devagar3ha evaM anya digambara sthaloM para 16 mAMgalika svapnoM kA aMkana mandiroM ke pravezadvAroM para huA hai|

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pariziSTa sIna, caturbhujA, karoM meM padma se yukta tathA do gajoM dvArA abhiSikta), candramA, sUrya, matsya yugala, kalazadvaya, divya jhIla, udvelita samudra, sihAsana, vimAna, nAgendra bhavana, apAra ratnarAzi, puSpahAra evaM nirdhUma agni ke ullekha hai / ' zvetAmbara sUcI meM nAgendra bhavana, siMhAsana tathA matsya yugala ke ullekha nahIM haiM / matsya yugala ke sthAna para zvetAmbara granthoM ke 14 mAMgalika svapnoM meM siMhadhvaja kA ullekha hai / / khajurAho meM mAMgalika svapna mandiroM kI bar3eriyoM para bane haiM / AdinAtha evaM ghaNTaI mandiroM ke atiritta cAra anya prAcIna jaina mandiroM kI svatantra par3I huI bar3ariyoM para bhI 16 mAMgalika svapnoM kA aMkana milatA hai / mandira 1/4 ke udAharaNa meM eka paMkti meM 16 ke sthAna para kevala 11 svapna aMkita haiN| inameM sUrya aura candra vRtta ke rUpa meM na hokara dvibhuja devoM ke rUpa meM AkArita haiM / matsya yugala ke sthAna para kevala eka hI matsya kI AkRti banI hai / lagabhaga sabhI udAharaNoM meM 16 mAMgalika svapnoM ke aMkana ke pUrva tIrthaMkara kI mAtA ko sevikAoM se sevita zaiyyA para ArAma karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai| yaha mAtA dvArA maMgala svapnoM kA zilpAMkana hai| Age kI ora eka puruSa aura strI ko vArtAlApa kI mudrA meM AsIna dikhAyA gayA hai jo tIrthaMkara ke mAtA-pitA ke svapna phaloM se saMbaMdhita vArtAlApa kA zilpAMkana hai / AdinAtha mandira ke udAharaNa meM mAtA kI leTI huI AkRti ke Upara eka AkAzagAmI vimAna bhI aMkita hai| tIrthaMkara ke pitA ko sAdhu se praznaphala pUchate hue dikhAyA gayA hai / ina AkRtiyoM ke Age (bA~ye se dAhine) kramazaH 16 svapnoM kA paMktibaddha aMkana huA hai / sabase pahale gaja kI AkRti banI hai jisakI pITha para kabhI-kabhI do AkRtiyA~ bhI dikhAyI gayI haiN| isake bAda vRSabha, siMha aura abhiSeka lakSmI kA aMkana huA hai| abhiSeka lakSmI donoM paira mor3akara dhyAnamudrA meM padmAsIna aura karoM meM abhaya, padma, padma aura jalapAtra ke sAtha nirUpita haiN| zIrSa bhAga meM do gajoM ko devI kA abhiSeka karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai| usake bAda puSpahAra (do ke sthAna para eka hI hAra) utkIrNa hai jisake Upara kIrtimukha kI AkRti banI hai, jisake mukha se motI kI lar3iyA~ nikala rahI haiM / Age candramA aura sUrya kA eka vRtta ke rUpa meM aMkana huA hai, jinake madhya meM unakI dvibhuja mAnava AkRtiyA~ banI haiM / dvibhuja candramA kA vAhana azva hai aura unake hAthoM meM abhayamudrA aura kamaNDalu haiM / 1. AdipurANa (jinasena kRta) 1255, 101-19; harivaMzapurANa 858-74 / 2. kalpasUtra 3 31-46 / 3. AdinAtha evaM ghaNTaI mandiroM tathA mandira 7 ke udAharaNa sabase acche haiN|

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94 khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva kucha udAharaNoM meM vRtta ke madhya meM kevala azva kI hI AkRti banI hai|' sUrya udIcya veSadhArI tathA usphUTikAsana meM donoM hAthoM meM sanAla padma se yukta haiM / sUrya ke Age matsya yugala, kalazadvaya tathA puSpAlaMkRta divya jhIlara evaM udvelita samudra kA aMkana huA hai / udvelita samudra ko eka vRtta ke rUpa meM darzAyA gayA hai jisameM naka, kUrma, matsya, haMsa Adi jalacaroM kA aMkana huA hai / mandira 7 ke udAharaNa meM madhya meM samudra kI mAnava AkRti bhI banI hai / inameM samudra abhayamudrA aura phala (yA jalapAtra) se yukta haiM / Age siMhAsana, divyavimAna, nAgendra bhavana, apAra ralarAzi aura nirdhUma agni ukerita haiM / dharmacakra aura do siMhoM se yukta siMhAsana ke samIpa hI divya vimAna aMkita hai| divyavimAna ke Upara abhayamudrA aura jalapAtra se yukta eka AkRti baiThI hai| nAgendra bhavana meM tIna sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta nAga aura nAgI kI yugala AkRtiyA~ dikhAI gaI haiM aura unake hAthoM meM abhayamudrA aura jalapAtra (yA phala) hai / apAra ratnarAzi ke samIpa hI agni kI mAnava AkRti banI hai / zmazru tathA jaTAmukuTa se zobhita lalitAsIna agni ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA aura jhuka pradarzita haiM / yaha nirdhUma agni kA aMkana hai| khajurAho meM mAMgalika svapnoM ke aMkana kI eka vizeSatA yaha thI ki inameM vibhinna svapnoM kA pratIka ke sthAna para mAnavarUpa meM aMkana adhika lokapriya thaa| jainoM ne mAMgalika svapnoM kI sUcI nirdhArita karate samaya unameM na kevala pracalita mAMgalika cihnoM (matsya yugala, kalaza) evaM pramukha prAkRtika tatvoM (sUrya, candra, jala) tathA lokadevoM (abhiSekalakSmI, nAga, agni) ko ho sammilita kiyA, varan pazu jagat (gaja, vRSabha, siMha) tathA aSTaprAtihAryoM kI sUcI meM se siMhAsana ko bhI sammilita kiyaa| isa prakAra mAgalika svapnoM kI kalpanA meM jainoM ne sampUrNa jagata ko pratinidhitva diyaa| ina svapnoM ke zilpAMkana meM khajurAho meM kalAkAroM ne unake pratIkAtmaka aMkana ke sthAna para unake yathArtha rUpa ko darzAne kA yala kiyA hai| yaha bhAva samudra meM vibhinna jalacaroM tathA divya jhIla meM padma ke aMkana se spaSTa hai| (ga) jaina lekha yahA~ kA prArambhikatama jaina lekha vikrama samvat 1011 ( 954-55 I0 ) kA hai, jo pArzvanAtha mandira meM utkIrNa hai / isa lekha ke atirikta anya kaI mUrti lekha bhI haiM, jo kramazaH vikrama samvat 1085 (1028 I0), 1205 (1148 I0), 1212 (1155 I0), 1215 1. mandira 7 ke udAharaNa meM vRtta ke madhya meM sambhavataH mRga kI AkRti banI hai / 2. mandira 7 ke udAharaNa meM pakSiyoM kI do AkRtiyA~ haiM / 3. epiprAphiyA iNDikA, khaNDa-1, pR0 135-36 /

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pariziSTa (1158I0), 1220 (1163 I.) evaM 1234 (1177 I.) ke haiM / ' samvat 1085 kA lekha zAntinAtha mandira ke vizAla zAntinAtha pratimA tathA samvat 1215 kA lekha mandira 13 kI sambhavanAtha pratimA para hai| ina lekhoM meM candela zAsaka baMga aura madanavarman ke nAmollekha hai| uparyukna lekhoM ke atirikta mUrtiyoM tathA mandiroM (mandira 7) para kaI binA tithi vAle lekha bhI hai / khajurAho ke jaina lekha kaI dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa haiN| ina lekhoM meM jaina dharma aura kalA ko samarthana dene vAle zreSThiyoM, jaina AcAryoM evaM muniyoM tathA zilpiyoM (rUpakAroM) ke nAmollekha vizeSa mahattva ke haiN| ye lekha 10 vIM zatI I0 ke uttarAddhaM se la. 12 vIM zatI I0 ke madhya taka khajurAho meM jaina dharma aura saMgha ke prabhAvazAlI rahe hone kI puSTi karate haiM / ina lekhoM meM dhaMga ke mahArAja guru vAsavacandra (pArzvanAtha mandira lekha) tathA devacandra, kumudacandra, cArukoti, kumAranandI, yogacandra, yoganandI, yakSadeva, vizAlakIti jaise anya nirgrantha digambara jaina AcAryoM evaM sAdhuoM ke ullekha haiM / ye ullekha spaSTataH khajurAho meM saMgaThita jaina saMgha kI vidyamAnatA kA saMketa dete haiN| sAtha ho zreSThi pAhila, pANidhara tathA usake putroM trivikrama, AlhaNa ora lakSmIdhara; mahIpati aura usake putroM sAlhU, dedU, AlhU, bIbatasAha aura unakI patnI padmAvatI; zreSThi dedU evaM unake putra pAhila' tathA unake putra sAlhe aura unake putroM mahAgaNa, mahIcandra, zrIcandra, jinacandra aura udayacandra Adi ke nAmollekha usa kSetra meM jaina dharmAvalambI zreSThi parivAra ke saMgaThana tathA jaina mandira evaM mUrti nirmANa meM unake sahayoga ko spaSTa karate haiM / ye zreSThi grahapati (yA gRhapati-gahoI) vaMza ke the / ina lekhoM meM kucha zilpiyoM ke nAmollekha bhI mahatva ke haiM, jinameM rAmadeva, dhuju, kumArasiMha, mAhula, golala, devazarmA, jayasiMha tathA poSana Adi ullekhanIya hai| pArzvanAtha mandira kA lekha yaha bhI sUcanA detA hai ki mandiroM kI vyavasthA Adi ke lie bhUmi tathA vATikAoM ke dAna kI paramparA thii| pAhila ne pArzvanAtha mandira ke pUjana tathA 1. epiprAphiyA iNDikA, khaNDa-1, pR0 152-53; jaina, balabhadra, bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha, tRtIya bhAga (madhya pradeza), bambaI, 1976, pR0 145-46 / yahA~ ke mUrti lekhoM meM antima lekha samvat 1234 kA hai| 2. 1158 I0 ke lekha meM ullikhita pAhila pArzvanAtha mandira ke pUrvokta 954 I0 ke lekha ___ meM Aye pAhila se bhinna vyakti hai kyoMki donoM ke bIca do sau varSoM se adhika kA antara hai / jaina, jyoti prasAda, pUrva niviSTa, pR0 227 / 3. jaina, balabhadra, pUrva niviSTa, pR0 142, 146; epigrAphiyA iNDikA, khaNDa 1, pR0 153, jaina, jyoti prasAda, pUrva niviSTa, pR0 224-26 /

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva vyavasthA ke lie sAta vATikAoM kA dAna kiyA thA / ' pArzvanAtha mandira ke lekha meM mandira ke nirmANakartA pAhila ke dhaMgarAja dvArA sammAnita kiye jAne kA ullekha bhI mahatvapUrNa hai| isa lekha meM RSabhanAtha ko "jinanAtha" kahA gayA hai / 1-pAzvanAtha mandira lekha : 1-oM (*) samvat 1011 samaye // nijakuladhavaloyaM di2-vyamUtti svasI (zI) la sa (za) madamaguNayukta sanda3-satvA (ttA) nukaMpI (*) svajanajanitatoSo dhAMgarAjena 4-mAnya praNamati jinanAthoyaM bhavyapAhila5-nAmA / (u) ? // pAhilavATikA 1 candravATikA 2 6-laghucandravATikA 3 saM (zaM) karavATikA 4 paMcAI7-talavATikA 5 AmravATikA 6 dha (dha) gavADI 7 ( // *) 8-pAhilavaMse (ze) tu kSaye kSINe aparavaMso (zo) yaH kopi 9-tiSThati (1*) tasya dAsasya dAsoyaM mamadatistu pAla10-yet // mahArAjaguru srI (zrI) vAsavacandra (I*) (vaisA) (zA) (Sa) (kha) 11-sudi 7 somadine // (epigrAphiyA iNDikA,khaM 1, pR0 135-36 ) 2-anya lekha (gra*) hapatyanvaye zreSThi zrIpANidhara (1*) 3-oM // grahapatyanvaye zreSThipANidharastasya suta zreSThiti (tri) vikrama tathA AlhaNa / lakSmIdhara / / samvat 1205 / mAghavadi 5 // 4-oM / samvat 1215 mAghasudi 5 zrImanmadanavarmadeva pravarddhamAnavijayarAjye / / grahapativaMse (ze) zreSThidedU tatputrapAhillaH / pAhillAMgarUhasAdhusAlhe (te) nedaM (yaM) pratimAkAriteti / / // tatputrAH mahAgaNa / mahIcandra / si (ri) candra / jinacandra / udayacandra prabhRti / sambhavanAthaM praNamati nityaM // maMga (laM) mahAzrI (:*) // rUpakAra rAmadeva (:*) // (epigrAphiyA iNDikA, khaM0 1, pR0 152-53) 1. pAhila, candra, laghucandra, zaMkara, paMcAitala (paMcAyatana), Amra evaM dhaMga vATikAe~ / 2. pAzrvanAtha mandira ke lekha kI lipi bAda kI hai / saM0 1011 ke prAcIna lekha ko 13voM zatI I0 meM punaH Alekhita kiyA gayA thA / epigrAphiyA iNDikA, khaNDa-1 (kolahAnainskripzansa phrAma khajurAho), pR0 135-36.

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/ vRSabha azva (gha) jina-mUrtivijJAna-tAlikA ka0sa0 jina lAMchana yakSa yakSI 1. RSabhanAtha yA AdinAtha / gomukha cakrezvarI (zve0, di0) apraticakrA (zve0) 2. ajitanAtha mahAyakSa ajitA (zve0), rohiNI (di0) 3. sambhavanAtha trimukha duritArI (zve0), prajJapti (di0) 4. abhinandana yakSezvara (zve0, di0) kAlikA (zve0), vajrazRMkhalA (di0) Izvara (zve0) 5. sumatinAtha krauMca tumbarU (zve0, di0), mahAkAlI (zve0), puruSadattA, naradattA (di0), tumbara (di0) sammohinI (zve.) 6. padmaprabha padma kusuma (zve0), puSpa (di0) acyutA, mAnasI (zve0) manovegA (di0) 7. supAzrvanAtha svastika (zve0, di0), mAtaMga zAntA (zve0), kAlI (di0) .. naMdyAvarta (di0) 8. candraprabha zazi vijaya(zve0),zyAma(di0) bhRkuTi, jvAlA (zve0), jvAlAmAlinI, jvAlinI (di0) 9. suvidhinAtha (zve0), puSpadaMta makara ajita (zve0, di0), sutArA (zve0), mahAkAlI (di0) (zve0, di0) jaye (di0) 10. zItalanAtha zrIvatta (zve0, di0) brahma / azokA (zve0), mAnavI (di0) svastika (di0) 11. zreyAMzanAtha khaDgI (geMDA) Idavara (zve0, di0), mAnavI, zrIvatsA (zve0), gaurI (di0) yakSarAja, manuja (zve0) 12. vAsupUjya _ mahiSa caNDA, pracaNDA, ajito, candrA (zve0), gAMdhArI (di0) kumAra

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dina lAMchana yakSa kra0saM0 13. vimalanAtha yakSI viditA (zve0), vairoTI (di0) SaNmukha (zve0, di0), caturmukha (di0) pAtAla aMkuzA (zve0), anantamatI (di0) kinnara chAga 14. anantanAtha zyenapakSI (zve0), rIcha (di0) 15. dharmanAtha vajra 16. zAMtinAtha mRga 17. kuMthunAtha 18. aranAtha nandyAvarta (zve0), matsya (di0) 19. mallinAtha kalaza 20. munisuvrata 21. naminAtha nIlotpala 22. neminAtha (yA ariSTanemi) zaMkha 23. pAzvanAtha sarpa kandarpA, pannagA (zve0), mAnasI (di0) nirvANI (zve0), mahAmAnasI (di0) gandharva balA, acyutA, gAndhAriNI (zve0), jayA (di0) yakSendra, yakSezvara (zve0), dhAraNI, dhAriNI (zve0), tArAvatI (di0) khendra (di0) kubera vairoTyA, gharaNapriyA (zve0), aparAjitA (di0) naradattA, varadattA (zve0), bahurUpiNI (di0) gAMdhArI (zve0), cAmuNDA (di0). ambikA (zve0, di0), kuSmANDI (zve0), kuSmANDinI (di0) pArzva, vAmana (zve0), padmAvatI dharaNa (di0) mAtaMga siddhAyikA (zve0, di0), siddhAyinI (di0) zve0 = zvetAMbara, di0 = digambara varuNa bhRkuTi majurAho kA jaina purAnA 24. mahAvIra (yA vardhamAna) siMha

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yakSa saMkhyA 1. gomukha (ka) zve. (kha) di0 2. mahAyakSa (ka) zve. vRSabha ATha (kha) di0 ATha () yakSa-yakSI-mUtivijJAna-tAlikA 24 yakSa vAhana bhujA-saM0 . AyuSa gaja (yA vRSabha) cAra varadamudrA, akSamAlA, mAtulaMga, pAza gomukha, pArthoM meM gaja evaM vRSabha kA aMkana cAra parazu, phala, akSamAlA, varadamudrA zIrSabhAga meM dharmacakra gaja varadamudrA, mudgara, akSamAlA, pAza (dakSiNa); mAtuliMga, caturmukha abhayamudrA, aMkuza, zakti (vAma) khaDga (nistriMsa), daNDa, parazu, varadamudrA (dakSiNa); caturmukha cakra, trizUla, padma, aMkuza (vAma) mayUra (yA sarpa) __ nakula, gadA, abhayamudrA (dakSiNa); phala, sarpa, akSamAlA trimukha, trinetra (yA navAkSa) (vAma) mayUra daNDa, trizUla, kaTAra (dakSiNa); cakra, khaDga, aMkuza trimukha, trinetra (vAma) gaja phala, akSamAlA, nakula, aMkuza gaja (yA haMsa) cAra saMkapatra (yA bANa), khaDga, kArmuka, kheTaka caturAnana sarpa, pAza, vajra, aMkuza (aparAjitapRcchA) garuDa varadamudrA, zakti, nAga, (yA gadA), pAza cAra sarpa, sarpa, varadamudrA, phala nAgayajJopavIta 3. trimukha (ka) zve0 (kha) di0 cAra 4. Izvara - zve0 yakSezvara - di0 cAra garuDa 5. tumbarU (ka) zve0 (kha) di0 6. kusuma (yA puSpa) (ka) zve0 (kha) di0 yA azva mRga (yA mayUra) cAra do yA cAra phala, abhayamudrA, nakula, akSamAlA (i) gadA, akSamAlA (ii) zUla, mudrA, kheTaka, abhayamudrA (yA kheTaka)

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Ayudha 100 cAra saMkhyA yakSa 7. mAtaMga (ka) zve0 (kha) di0 8. (i) vijaya-zve0 (i) zyAma-di0 9. ajita (ka) zve0 cAra cAra (kha) di0 10. brahma (ka) zve0 ATha yA vAhana bhunA-saM0 ___ anyolakSaNa gaja bilvaphala, pAza (yA nAgapAza), nakula (yA vajra), aMkuza siMha (yA meSa) do vajra (yA zUla), daNDa / gadA, pAza (aparAjitapRcchA) cakra (yA khaDga), mudgara trinetra kapota cAra phala, akSamAlA, parazu, varadamudrA trinetra mAtuliMga, akSasUtra (yA abhayamudrA), nakula, zUla (yA atula ratnarAzi) ___ phala, akSasUtra, zakti, varadamudrA / ATha yA mAtuliMga, mudgara, pAza, abhayamudrA trinetra, caturmukha yA varadamudrA (dakSiNa); nakula, gadA, aMkuza, akSasUtra (vAma); ____ dasa mAtuliMga, mudgara, pAza, abhayamudrA, nakula, gadA aMkuza, akSasUtra, pAza, padma (AcAradinakara) ATha bANa, khaDga, varadamudrA, dhanuSa, daNDa, kheTaka, caturmukha parazu, vajra . mAtuliMga, gadA, nakula, akSasUtra trinetra cAra phala, akSasUtra, trizUla, daNDa (yA varadamudrA) trinetra haMsa bIjapUraka, bANa (yA vINA), nakula, dhanuSa haMsa (yA mayUra) cAra varadamudrA, gadA, dhanuSa, phalA (pratiSThAsAroddhAra); trimukha yA SaNmukha yA chaha bANa, gadA, varadamudrA, dhanuSa, .....nakula, maatuliNg|(prtisstthaatilkm) (kha) di0 saroja cAra vRSabha vRSabha 11. Izvara (ka) zve. (kha) di0 12. kumAra (ka) zve0 (kha) di0 cAra khajurAho kA jaina purAta .

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yakSa 13. (i) SaNmukha - zve 0 (ii) caturmukha - di0 saMkhyA 14. pAtAla - (ka) zve 0 (kha) di0 15. kinnara - ( ka ) zve 0 (kha) di0 16. garuDa - ( ka ) zve 0 (kha) di0 17. gaMdharva - (ka) zve 0 (kha) di0 vAhana mathura 4& makara makara kama mIna bhujA-saM0 bAraha bAraha chaha chaha chaha chaha varAha (yA gaja) cAra varAha cAra ( yA zuka) cAra haMsa ( yA siMha) cAra pakSI (yA zuka) cAra Ayudha phala, cakra, bANa ( yA zakti), khaDga, pAza, akSamAlA, nakula, cakra, dhanuSa, phalaka, aMkuza, abhayamudrA Upara ke ATha hAthoM meM parazu aura zeSa cAra meM khaDga akSasUtra, kheTaka, daNDamudrA padma, khaDga, pAza, nakula, phalaka, akSasUtra aMkuza, zUla, padma, kaSA, hala, phala, vajra, aMkuza, dhanuSa, bANa, phala, varadamudrA (aparAjita pRcchA) bIjapUraka, gadA, abhayamudrA, nakula, padma, akSamAlA mudgara, akSamAlA, varadamudrA, cakra, vajra, akuza; pAza, aMkuza, dhanuSa, bANa, phala, varadamudrA ( aparAjita pRcchA ) bIjapUraka, padma, nakula ( yA pAza), akSasUtra vajra, cakra, padma, phala : pAza, aMkuza, phala, varadamudrA ( aparAjita pRcchA ) varadamudrA, pAza, mAtuliMga, aMkuza sarpa, pAza, bANa, dhanuSa, padma, abhayamudrA, phala, varadamudrA ( aparAjita pRcchA ) anya lakSaNa trimukha, trinetra trimukha, zoSaMbhAga meM trisarpaphaNa trimukha trimukha varAha pariziSa 101

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saMkhyA yakSa 18. (i) yakSendra-zve0 vAhana bhujA-saM0 Ayudha anya lakSaNa zaMkha (yA vRSabha bAraha mAtuliMga, bANa (yA kapAla), khaDga, mudgara, pAza SaNmukha, trinetra yA zeSa) (yA zUla), abhayamudrA, nakula, dhanuSa, kheTaka, zUla, aMkuza, akSasUtra zaMkha yA khara bAraha yA chaha bANa, padma, phala, mAlA, akSamAlA, lIlAmudrA, SaNmukha, trinetra dhanuSa, vajra, pAza, mudgara, aMkuza, varadamudrA / vajra, cakra, dhanuSa, bANa, phala, varadamudrA (aparAjitapRcchA) (ii) khendra yA yakSeza-di0 19. kubera yA yakSeza (ka) zve. gaja ATha (kha) di0 gaja (yA siMha) ATha yA cAra vRSabha ATha 20. varuNa- (ka) zve0 (kha) di0 vRSabha cAra yA chaha varadamudrA, parazu, zUla, abhayamudrA, bIjapUraka, zakti, caturmukha, garuDavadana mudgara, akSasUtra (nirvANakalikA) phalaka, dhanuSa, daNDa, padma, khaDga, bANa,pAza, vrdmudraa| caturmukha pAza, aMkuza, phala, varadamudrA (aparAjitapRcchA) mAtuliMga, gadA, bANa, zakti, nakulaka, padma, jaTAmukuTa, trinetra, caturmukha, (yA akSamAlA), dhanuSa, parazu / dvAdazAkSa (AcAradinakara) kheTaka, khaDga, phala, vrdmudraa| jaTAmukuTa, trinetra, pAza, aMkuza, kArmuka, zara, uraga, vajra aSTAnana (aparAjitapRcchA) mAtuliMga, zakti, mudgara, abhayamudrA, nakula, parazu, caturmukha, trinetra (dvAdazAkSa vajra, akSasUtra ___ AcAradinakara) kheTaka, khaDga, dhanuSa, bANa, aMkuza, pana, cakra, caturmukha ... varadamudrA 21. bhRkuTi (ka) zve0 vRSabha ATha khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva (kha) di0 vRSabha

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bhujA-taM. saM0 yama 22. gomegha (ka) zve. vAhana nara chaha pariziSTa (kha) di0 ___ chaha (yA nara) 23. (i) pAzva- zve0 cAra AyuSa mAtuliMga, parazu, cakra, nakula, zUla, zakti trimukha, samIpa hI aMbikA ke nirUpaNa kA nirdeza (AcAradinakara) mudgara (yA drughaNa), parazu, daNDa, phala, vajra, vrdmudraa| trimukha pratiThAtilakam dughaNa ke sthAna para dhana ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai| mAtuliMga, uraga (yA gadA), nakula, uraga gajamukha, sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta nAgapAza, sarpa, sapaM, vrdmudraa| sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta dhanuSa, bANa, bhRNDi, mudgara, phala, varadamudrA (aparAjitapRcchA) nakula, bIjapUraka varadamudrA, mAtuliMga mastaka para dharmacakra (i) dharaNa-di0 cAra yA chaha 24. mAtaMga-(ka) zve0 (kha) di0 gaja do do 103

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R . gADa (Ga) yakSa-yakSI-mUtivijJAna-tAlikA (ii) 24-yakSI saM0 yakSI vAhana bhujA saM0 Ayudha 1. cakrezvarI (yA apraticakrA) garuDa ATha yA (i) varamudrA, bANa, cakra, pAza (dakSiNa); dhanuSa, vajra, cakra, aMkuza (vAma) (ka) zve0 bAraha (ii) ATha hAthoM meM cakra, zeSa cAra meM se do meM vajra aura do meM mAtuliMga, abhayamudrA (kha) di0 cAra yA (i) do meM cakra aura anya do meM mAtuliMga, varadamudrA / bAraha (ii) ATha hAthoM meM cakra aura zeSa cAra meM se do meM vajra aura do meM mAtuliMga aura varadamudrA (yA abhayamudrA) - 2. (i) ajitA yA ajita- lohAsana (yA gAya) cAra varadamudrA, pAza, aMkuza, phala balA-zve0 (ii) rohiNI-di0 lohApana . cAra - varadamudrA, abhayamudrA, zaMkha, cakra 3. (i) duritArI-zve0 meSa (yA mayUra cAra varadamudrA, akSamAlA, phala (yA sarpa), abhaya mudrA yA mahiSa) (ii) prajJapti-di0 pakSI advandu, parazu, phala, varadamudrA, khaDga, ir3ho (yA piMDI) 4. (i) kAlikA (yA kAlI) zve0 padma cAra varadamudrA, pAza, sarpa, aMkuza (ii) vajrazRMkhalA-di0 haMsa cAra varadamudrA, nAgapAza, akSamAlA, phala 5. (i) mahAkAlI-ive0 padma varadamudrA, pAza (yA nAgapAza), mAtuliMga, aMkuza (ii) puruSadattA (yA nara* gaja varadamudrA, cakra, vajra , phala dattA)-di0 6. (i) acyutA (yA zyAmA yA nara cAra varadamudrA, vINA (yA pAza yA bANa), dhanuSa (yA mAtuliMga), abhayamudrA mAnasI)-zve0 (yA aMkuza) (ii) manovegA-di0 azva varadamudrA, kheTaka, khaDga, mAtuli cAra khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva

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vAhana bhujA saMkhyA saMkhyA yakSI 7. (i) zAntA-zve0 pariziSTa cAra Ayudha varadamudrA, akSamAlA, (muktAmAlA), zUla (yA trizUla), abhayamudrA, varadamu I, akSamAlA, pAza, aMkuza, (mantrAdhirAjakalpa) ghaNTA, trizUla (yA zUla) phala, varadamudrA khaDga, mudgara, phalaka (yA ma tuliMga), parazu vRSabha (ii) kAlI-di0 cAra 8. (i) bhRkuTi (yA jvAlA)-zve0 varAha (yA varAla yA cAra marAla yA haMsa) (ii) jvAlAmAlinI-di0 mahiSa ATha cakra, dhanuSa, pAza (yA nAgapAza), carma (yA phalaka), trizUla yA (yA zUla), bANa, matsya, khaDga varadamudrA, akSamAlA, kalaza, aMkuza cAra cAra cAra vajra, madgara (yA gadA), phala (yA abhayamudrA), varadamudrA varadamudrA, pAza (yA nAgapAza), phala, aMkuza cAra 9. (i) sutArA (yA cANDA- vRSabha vRSabha likA)-20 (ii) mahAkAlI-di0 kUrma kUrma 10. (i) azokA (yA gome- padma dhikA)-zve0 (ii) mAnavI-di0 __zUkara (nAga) * 11. (i) mAnavI (yA zrI siMha vatsA)-zve0 (ii) gaurI-di0 12. (i) caNDA (yA pracaNDA yA azva ajitA)-zve0 (ii) gAndhArI-di0 padma (yA makara) cAra cAra phala, varadamudrA, jhaSa, pAza varadamudrA, mudgara (yA pAza), kalaza (yA vajra yA nakula), aMkama, (yA akSasUtra) mudgara (yA pAza), abja, kalaza (yA aMkuza), varadamudrA varadamudrA, zakti, puSpa (yA pAza), gadA mRga cAra cAra cAra cAra yA do.. musala, padma, varadamudrA, padma / padma , phala (aparAjitapRcchA)..... 105

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: 106 pana cAra padma cAra saMkhyA yakSI vAhana bhujA saMkhyA Ayudha 13. (i) viditA-zve0 padma cAra bANa, pAza, dhanuSa, sarpa / (ii) vairoTyA (yAvairoTI)-di0 sarpa yA vyomayAna cArAyA chaha (i) sapaM, sarpa, dhanuSa, bANa; (ii) do meM varadamudrA, zeSa meM khaDga, kheTaka, kArmuka, zara (aparAjitapRcchA ) 14. (i) aMkuzA-zve0 padma cAra khaDga, pAza, kheTaka, aMkuza / yA do phalaka, aMkuza (pamAnandamahAkAvya) () anantamatI-di0 haMsa cAra dhanuSa, bANa, phala, varadamudrA 15. (i) kandarpA (yA pannagA) zve0 matsya utpala, aMkuza, padma, abhayamudrA (ii) mAnasI-di0 vyAghra chaha do meM padma aura zeSa meM dhanuSa, varadamudrA, aMkuza, bANa, trizUla, pAza,cakra , DamarU, phala, varadamudrA (aparAjitapRcchA) 16. (i) nirvANI-zve0 pustaka, utpala, kamaNDalu, padma (yA varadamudrA) (ii) mahAmAnasI-di0 mayUra (yA garuDa) cAra phala, sarpa, (yA iDhi yA khaDga ?), cakra , varadamudrA bANa, dhanuSa, vajra, cakra (aparAjitapRcchA) 17. (i) balA-zve0 mayUra cAra bojapUraka, zUla (yA trizUla), muSuNDi (yA padma), padma (ii) jayA-di zUkara cAra zaMkha, khaDga, cakra, varadamudrA yA chaha vajra, cakra, pAza, aMkuza, phala, varadamudrA (aparAjitapRcchA) 18. (i) dhAraNI (yA kAlI)-rave0 padma cAra mAtuliMga, utpala, pAza (yA padma), akSasUtra (ii) tArAvatI(yA haMsa yA siMha cAra ___ sarpa, vajra, mRga, (yA cakra), varadamudrA (yA phala) vijayA)-di0 19. (i) vairoTyA-zve0 padma cAra varadamudrA, akSasUtra, mAtuliMga, zakti (ii) aparAjitA-di0 zarabha phala, khaDga, kheTaka, varadamudrA 20. (i) naradattA-zve0 bhadrAsana (yA siMha) cAra varadamudrA, akSasUtra, bIjapUraka, kumbha (yA zUla yA trizUla) (ii) bahurUpiNI-di. cAra yA do kheTaka, khaDga, phala, varadamudrA / khaDga, kheTaka (aparAjitapRcchA) khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva cAra kAlAnAga

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vAhana saMkhyA yakSI 21. (i) gAndhAro (yA mAlino)-zve0 bhujA saMkhyA cAra yA ATha pariziSTa (ii) cAmuNDA (yA kusuma- mAlinI 22. aMbikA (yA kuSmANDI yA AmrAdevI)-(ka) zve0 (kha) di0 makara (yA makaMTa) cAra yA ATha siMha cAra siMha do 23. padmAvatI-(ka) zve0 (kha) di0 kukkuTa-sarpa (yA kukkuTa) cAra padma (yA cAra kukkuTa-sarpa yA chaha kukkuTa) Ayudha varadamudrA, khaDga, bojapUraka, kumbha (yA zUla yA phlk)| akSamAlA, vajra, parazu, nakula, varadamudrA, khaDga, kheTaka, mAtuliMga, (devatAmUrtiprakaraNa) daNDa, kheTaka, akSamAlA, khaDga zUla, khaDga, mudgara, pAza, vajra, cakra, DamarU, akSamAlA, (aparAjitapRcchA) mAtuliMga (yA Amralumbi), pAza, putra, aMkuza eka putra samIpa hI nirUpita hogaa| amralumbi, putra / dUsarA putra AmravRkSa kI phala, varadamudrA (aparAjitapRcchA) chAyA meM avasthita yakSI ke samIpa hogaa| padma, pAza, phala, aMkuza zIrSabhAga meM visarpaphaNachatra (i) aMkuza, akSasUtra (yA pAza), padma, zIrSabhAga meM tIna sarpaphaNoM varadamudrA kA chatra (i) pAza, khaDga, zUla, ardhacandra, gadA, musala (ii) zaMkha, khaDga, cakra, avaMcandra, padma, utpala, dhanuSa, zakti, pAza, aMkuza, ghaMTA, bANa, masala, kheTaka, trizUla, parazu, kuMta, bhiMDa, mAlA, phala, gadA patra, pallava, varadamudrA pustaka, abhayamudrA, mAtuliMga (yA pAza), bANa (yA vINA yA pdm)| pustaka, abhayamudrA, varadamudrA, kharAyudha, vINA, phala (mantrAdhirAjakalpa) varadamudrA (yA abhayamudrA), pustaka 24. (i) siddhAyikA-zve0 siMha yA gaja cAra yA chaha (ii) siddhAyinI-di0 bhadrAsana (yA siMha) do

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108 sakhyA saMkhyA 1. Ayudha rohiNI gAya mahAvidyA (ka) zve0 (kha) di0 (ka) zve0 prajJapti mayUra (kha) di0 3. vajrazRMkhalA (ka) zve0 padma (kha) di0 (ka) zve0 4. vajrAMkuzA cAra [ca] mahAvidyA-mUtivijJAna-tAlikA vAhana bhujA saM0 cAra zara, cApa; zaMkha, aznamAlA padma cAra zakha (yA zUla), padma, phala, kalaza (yA varadamudrA) cAra varadamudrA, zakti, mAtuliMga, zakti (nirvANakalikA ); trizUla, daNDa, abhayamudrA, phala ( mantrAdhirAjakalpa ) azva cAra ___ cakra, khaDga, zaMkha, varadamudrA cAra ___ varadamudrA, do hAthoM meM zRMkhalA, padma (yA gadA) padma (yA gaja) cAra zRMkhalA, zaMkha, padma, phala gaja varadamudrA, vajra, phala, aMkuza (nirvANakalikA); khaDga, vajra, kheTaka, zUla (AcAradinakara); phala, akSamAlA. aMkuza, trizUla (mantrAdhirAjakalpa) puSpayAna (yA gaja) cAra aMkuza, padma, phala, vajra / ___ cAroM hAthoM meM cakra pradarzita hogA mayUra cAra khaDga, zUla, padma, phala / mahiSa (yA padma) ___ cAra varadamudrA (yA abhayamudrA), khaDga, kheTaka, phala cakravAka (kalahaMsa) cAra vajra, padma, zaMkha, phala / cAra akSamAlA, gadA, vajra, abhayamudrA (nirvANakalikA); trizUla, akSamAlA, varadamudrA, gadA (mantrAdhirAjakalpa) cAra musala, khaDga, padma, phala cAra vajra (yA padma), phala (yA abhayamudrA), ghaNTA, akSamAlA zarabha (yA aSTApadapazu) cAra zara, kArmuka, asi, phala 5. garuDa cAra 6. (kha) di0 apraticakrA yA cakrezvarI zve0 jAMbUnadA-di0 naradattA (yA puruSadattA) (ka) zve0 (kha) di0 kAlI yA kAlikA (ka) zve0 7. padma khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva (kha) di0 mRga . 8. mahAkAlI mAnava

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vAhana mahAvidyA saMkhyA 9. pariziSTa gaurI (ka) zve0 (kha) di0 bhujA saMkhyA Ayudha govA (yA vRSabha) cAra varadamudrA, musala (yA daNDa), akSamAlA, padma hAthoM kI saMkhyA bhujAoM meM kevala padma ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai| kA anullekha cAra vajra (yA trizUla), musala (yA daNDa), abhayamudA, va radamudrA cAra hAthoM meM kevala cakra aura khaDga kA ullekha hai| gAMdhArI (ka) zve. (kha) di0 11. (i) sarvAstramahAjvAlA yA jvAlA zve 0 zUkara (yA kalahaMsa (ii) jvAlAmAlinI di0 ATha 12. mAnavI (ka) zve0 (kha) di0 cAra siha 13. (i) vairoTyA (ii) vairoTI 14. (i) acchuptA (ii) acyutA 15. mAnasI azva yA billI) cAra do hAthoM meM jvAlA yA cAroM hAthoM meM sarpa dhanuSa, khaDga, bANa ( yA cakra ) phalaka Adi / devI jvAlA se yukta hai| cAra varadamudrA, pAza, akSamAlA, vRkSa (viTapa) zUkara matsya, trizUla, khaDga, ekabhujA kI sAmagrI kA anullekha hai| sarpa (yA gADa yA siMha) cAra sarpa, khaDga, kheTaka, sarpa (yA varadamudrA) cAra karoM meM kevala sarpa ke pradarzana kA ullekha hai| cAra zara, cApa, khar3aga, kheTaka cAra granthoM meM kevala khaDga aura vajra dhAraNa karane ke ullekha haiN| (yA siMha) cAra varadamudrA, vajra, akSamAlA, vajra (yA trizUla) sarpa hAthoM kI saMkhyA kA do hAthoM ke namaskAra mudrA meM hone kA ullekha hai / ____anullekha hai| siMha (yA makara) ___ cAra khaDga, kheTaka, jalapAtra, ratna (yA varada-yA-abhayamudrA) siMha cAra devI ke hAtha praNAma-mudrA meM hoMge (pratiSThAsArasaMgraha); varadamudrA, akSamAlA, aMkuza, puSpahAra (pratiSThAsAroddhAra evaM pratiSThAtilakam) azva FREE 16. mahAmAnasI 109

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110 khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva (cha) pAribhASika zabdAvalI abhayamudrA : saMrakSaNa yA abhayadAna kI sUcaka eka hastamudrA jisameM dAhine hAtha kI khulI hathelI darzaka kI ora pradarzita hotI hai / aSTa-mahAprAtihArya : azoka vRkSa, divya-dhvani, surapuSpavRSTi, trichatra, siMhAsana, cAmaradhara, prabhAmaNDala evaM devadundubhi / ___ aSTamAMgalika cihna : svastika, zrIvatsa, nandyAvarta, vardhamAnaka, bhadrAsana, kalaza, darpaNa evaM matsya ( yA matsyayugma ) / zvetAmbara aura digambara paraMparA kI sUciyoM meM kucha bhinnatA dRSTigata hotI hai| AyAgapaTa : jinoM ( aItoM ) ke pUjana ke nimitta sthApita vargAkAra prastara paTTa, jise lekhoM meM AyAgapaTa yA pUjAzilA paTa kahA gayA hai| ina para jinoM kI mAnava mUrtiyoM aura pratIkoM kA sAtha-sAtha aMkana haA hai| utsapiNI-avasapiNI : jaina kAlacakra kA vibhAjana / pratyeka yuga meM 24 jinoM kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| utsarpiNI dharma evaM saMskRti ke vikAsa kA aura avasarpiNI avasAna kA yuga hai / vartamAna yuga avasarpiNI yuga hai| upasarga : pUrva-janmoM kI bairI evaM duSTa AtmAoM tathA devatAoM dvArA jinoM kI tapasyA meM upasthita vighna / kAyotsarga-mudrA yA khaDgAsana : jinoM ke nirUpaNa se sambandhita mudrA jisameM samabhaMga meM khar3e jina kI donoM bhujAeM laMbavat ghuTanoM taka prasArita hotI haiN| donoM caraNa eka dUsare se aura hAtha zarIra se saTe hone ke sthAna para thor3A alaga hote haiN| jina : zAbdika artha vijetA, arthAt jisane karma aura vAsanA para vijaya prApta kara liyA ho / jina ko hI tIrthaMkara bhI kahA gayA / jaina devakula ke pramukha ArAdhya deva / jina-caumukhI yA pratimA-sarvatobhadrikA : vaha pratimA jo sabhI ora se zubha yA maMgalakArI hai| isameM eka hI zilAkhaNDa meM cAroM ora cAra jina pratimAeM dhyAnamudrA yA kAyotsarga meM nirUpita hotI haiN| jina-caubIsI yA caturvizati-jina-paTTa : 24 jinoM kI mUrtiyoM se yukta paTTa; yA mUlanAyaka ke parikara meM lAMchana-yukta yA lAMchana-vihIna anya 23 jinoM kI laghu mUrtiyoM se yukta jin-caubiisii| jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra : vastrAbhUSaNoM se sajjita mahAvIra kI tapasyArata kAyotsarga mUrti / mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM nirmitta hone ke kAraNa jIvaMtasvAmI yA jIvitasvAmI sNjnyaa| digambara paramparA meM isakA anullekha hai| anya jinoM ke jIvaMtasvAmI svarUpa kI bhI kalpanA kI gii|

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pariziSTa 111 tIrthakara : kaivalya-prApti ke pazcAt sAdhu-sAdhviyoM evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke sammilita caturvidha tIrtha kI sthApanA ke kAraNa jinoM ko tIrthakara kahA gayA / tritIrthI-jina-mUrti : ina mUrtiyoM meM tIna jinoM ko sAtha-sAtha nirUpita kiyA gyaa| pratyeka jina aSTa-prAtihArya, yakSa-yakSI yugala evaM anya sAmAnya vizeSatAoM se yukta haiN| kucha meM bAhubalI aura sarasvatI bhI AmUrtita haiM / jaina paramparA meM ina mUrtiyoM kA anullekha hai| _devatAoM ke catuvA : bhavanavAsI ( eka sthala para nivAsa karane vAle ), vyaMtara yA vANamantara ( bhramaNazIla ), jyotiSka ( AkAzIya-nakSatra se sambandhita ) evaM vaimAnika yA vimAnavAsI ( svarga ke devatA ) / dvitIrtho-jina-mati : ina mUrtiyoM meM do jinoM ko sAtha-sAtha nirUpita kiyA gyaa| pratyeka jina aSTa-prAtihArya, yakSa-yakSI yugala aura anya sAmAnya vizeSatAoM se yukta haiM / jaina paramparA meM ina mUrtiyoM kA anullekha hai| ___ dhyAnamudrA yA paryakAsana yA padmAsana yA siddhAsana : jinoM ke donoM paira mor3akara ( padmAsana ) baiThane kI mudrA jisameM khulI huI hatheliyA~ goda meM ( bAyIM ke Upara dAhinI ) rakhI hotI haiN| nandIzvara dvIpa : jaina lokavidyA kA AThavA~ aura antima mahAdvIpa, jo devatAoM kA Ananda sthala hai / yahA~ 52 zAzvat jinAlaya haiN| paMcakalyANaka : pratyeka jina ke jIvana kI pA~ca pramukha ghaTanAe~-cyavana, janma, dIkSA, kaivalya ( jJAna ) aura nirvANa ( mokSa ) / paMcamaparameSThi : arhat ( yA jina ), siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu / prathama do mukta AtmAe~ haiM / arhat zarIradhArI haiM para siddha nirAkAra haiM / parikara jina-mUrti ke sAtha kI anya pArzvavartI yA sahAyaka AkRtiyA~ / bimba : pratimA yA mUrti / mAMgalika svapna : saMkhyA 14 yA 16 / zvetAmbara sUcI-gaja, vRSabha, siMha, zrIdevI ( yA mahAlakSmI yA padmA ), puSpahAra, candramA, sUrya, siMhadhvaja-daNDa, pUrNakuMbha, padmasarovara, kSIrasamudra, devavimAna, ratnarAzi aura nidhUma agni / digaMbara sUcI meM siMhadhvaja-daNDa ke sthAna para nAgendra bhavana kA ullekha hai tathA matsya-yugala aura siMhAsana ko sammilita kara zubha svapnoM kI saMkhyA 16 batAI gaI hai| mUlanAyaka : mukhya sthAna para sthApita pradhAna jina-mUrti /

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.112 khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva lalitamudrA yA lalitAsana yA ardhapayaMkAsana : jaina mUrtiyoM meM sarvAdhika prayukta vizrAma kA eka Asana / jisameM eka paira ko mor3akara pIThikA para rakhA hotA hai aura dUsarA pIThikA se nIce laTakatA hai| lAMchana : jinoM se sambandhita viziSTa lakSaNa jinake AdhAra para jinoM kI pahacAna sambhava hotI hai| ___ varadamudrA : vara pradAna karane kI sUcaka hasta-mudrA jisameM dAhine hAtha kI khulI hathelI bAhara kI ora pradarzita hotI hai aura uMgaliyA~ nIce kI ora jhukI hotI haiN| zalAkApuruSa : aisI mahAn AtmAe~ jinakA mokSa prApta karanA nizcita hai| jaina paramparA meM inakI saMkhyA 63 hai| 24 jinoM ke atirikta isameM 12 cakravartI, 9 baladeva, 9 vAsudeva aura 9 prativAsudeva sammilita haiM / zAsanadevatA yA yakSa-yakSI : jina pratimAoM ke sAtha saMyukta rUpa se aMkita devoM meM sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa / jaina paramparA meM pratyeka jina ke sAtha eka yakSa-yakSI yugala kI kalpanA kI gaI, jo sambandhita jina ke caturvidha saMgha ke zAsaka evaM rakSaka deva haiM / samavasaraNa : devanirmita sabhA jahA~ kevala-jJAna ke pazcAt pratyeka jina apanA prathama upadeza dete haiM aura devatA, manuSya evaM pazu jagat ke sadasya ApasI kaTutA bhUlakara usakA zravaNa karate haiN| tIna prAcIroM tathA pratyeka prAcIra meM cAra praveza-dvAroM vAle isa bhavana meM sabase Upara pUrvAbhimukha jina kI dhyAnastha mUrti banI hotI hai / saharUkUTa jinAlaya : pirAmiDa ke AkAra kI eka mandira anukRti jisa para eka sahasra yA aneka laghu jina AkRtiyA~ banI hotI haiM /

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aparAjita pRcchA ( bhuvanadevakRta ), saM0 popaTabhAI aMbA zaMkara mAMkaDa, gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja, khaM0 115, bar3audA, 1950 / AdipurANa uttarapurANa ( guNabhadrakRta ), saM0 pannAlAla jaina, jJAnapITha mUrtidevI jaina granthamAlA, saMskRta graMtha 14 dillI, 1954 / ( bhadrabAhukRta ), saM0 devendramuni zAstrI, zivAna, 1968 / yativRSabha kRta ), saM0 AdinAtha upAdhye evaM hIrAlAla jaina, jIvarAja jaina graMthamAlA 1, zolApura. 1943 / fstufTazalAkApuruSa caritra ( hemacandra kRta ), anu0 helena ema0 jAnasana, gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja, 6 khaNDa, bar3audA 1931, 1937, 1949, 1954, 1962 / devatAmUrtiprakaraNa ( sUtradhAra maNDana kRta ), saM0 upedra mohana sAMkhyatIrtha, saMskRta sirIja 12, kalakattA, 1936 / kalpasUtra tiloyapaNNatta padmapurANa nirvANakalikA ( pAdaliptasUri kRta ), saM0 mohanalAla bhagavAnadAsa, muni zrI mohanalAla jI jaina graMthamAlA 5, bambaI, 1926 / ( raviSeNa kRta ), bhAga 1, saM0 pannAlAla jaina, jJAnapITha mUrtidevI jaina graMthamAlA, saMskRta graMthAMka 20, vArANasI 1958 / sandarbha - sUcI (ka) mUla grantha-sUcI bRhatsaMhitA mahApurANa pratiSThAtilakam ( nemicandra kRta ), zolApura / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha ( vasunandi kRta ), pANDulipi, lAlabhAI dalapata bhAI bhAratIya saMskRta vidyAmandira, ahamadAbAda / pratiSThAsArodvAra ( AzAdhara kRta ), saM0 manohara lAla zAstrI, bambaI, 1917 / mAnasAra rUpamaNDana ( jinasenakRta ), saM0 pannAlAla jaina, jJAnapITha mUrtidevI jaina granthamAlA, saMskRta graMtha saM0 8, vArANasI, 1963 / 8 ( varAhamihira kRta ), saM0 e0 jhA0 vArANasI, 1959 / ( puSpadaMta kRta ), saM0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, mAnikacanda digambara jaina graMthamAlA 42, bambaI, 1941 / khaM0 3, anu0 prasanna kumAra AcArya, ilAhAbAda / ( sUtradhAramaNDana kRta ), saM0 balarAma zrIvAstava, vArANasI, vikrama saM 2021 /

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114 khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva harivaMzapurANa (jinasena kRta ), saM0 pannAlAla jaina, jJAnapITha mUrtidevI jaina granthamAlA, saMskRta graMthAMka 27, vArANasI, 1962 / (kha) sahAyaka grantha evaM lekha suucii| agravAla, vI0 esa0 (1) "sama brAhamainikala DITIja ina jaina relijasa ArTa", jaina eNTikverI, ___ khaM0 3, aMka 4, mArca, 1938, pR0 83-92 / (2) iNDiyana ArTa, bhAga 1, vArANasI, 1965 / avasthI, rAmAzraya, khajurAho kI deva pratimAeM, AgarA, 1967 / Ananda, mulkarAja, ( saM0 ) "khajurAho" (spezala naMbara) mArga, kha0 10, a0 3, 19 7 / kavaralAla, immArTala khajurAho, dillI, 1965 / kaniMghama, e0, ___ AkialAjikala sarve Apha iNDiyA riporTa, varSa 1862-65, khaM 1-2, vArANasI, 1972 ( punarmudrita ); varSa 1871-72, khaM0 3, vArANasI, 1966 ( punarmudrita ) / kAle, dAmodara jayakRSNa, khajUravAhaka arthAt vartamAna khajurAho, pryaag| kIlahAna, epha0, "inskripzansa phrAma khajurAho', epimAphiyA iNDikA, khaM0 1, 1882,, klkttaa| kumArasvAmI, e0ke0, hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana aiNDa iNDoneziyana ArTa, landana, 1927 / kRSNadeva. (1) "di Tempalsa Apha khajurAho ina senTrala iNDiyA" enziyaNTa iNDiyA, aMka 15, 1959, pR0 43-65; khajurAho, jaina ArTa aiNDa AkiTekcara, khaNDa 2 ( saMpAdaka e0 ghoSa ) nayI dillI, 1975, pR0 278-95 / (2) "mAlAdevI Tempala aiTa gyArasapura, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya golDena jubilI vAlyUma, bambaI, 1968, pR0 260-66 / (3) Tempalsa Apha nArtha iNDiyA, nayI dillI, 1969 / (4) khajurAho, nayI dillI, 1975 / gAMgulI, o0 sI0, gosvAmI, e0 tathA taraphadAra, amiya, di ArTa Apha candelaja, kalakattA, 1957 / gupte, Ara0 esa0 tathA mahAjana, bI0 DI0, ajantA, elorA aiNDa auraMgAbAda kerasa, bambaI, 1962 / ghoSa, amalAnaMda ( saMpAdaka ), jaina kalA evaM sthApatya ( 3 khaNDa ), bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, 1975 / caMdA, Ara0 pI0(1) "jaina rimensa aiTa rAjagira", AkialAjikala sarve Apha iNDiyA, enuala riporTa, 1925-26, pR0 121-27 /

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sandarbha-sUcI 115 (2) "di zvetAMbara aiNDa digaMbara imejeja Apha di janaja", AkialAjikala sarve Apha iNDiyA enuala riporTa, 1925-26, pR0 176-82 / (3) meDivala iNDiyana skalpacara ina di briTiza myUjiyama, landana, 1936 / caudharI, gulAbacaMdra, pAliTikala hisTrI Apha nArdarna iNDiyA phrAma jaina sorseja (sarakA 650 e0 DI0 TU0 1300 e0 DI0 ), amRtasara, 1963 / jayantavijaya munizrI, holI AbU ( anu0 yU0 pI0 zAha ), bhAvanagara, 1954 / jAnasana, eca0ema0, "zvetAMbara jaina AikAnogrAphI', iNDiyana eNTikverI, khaM0 56, 1927, pR0 23-26 / jAyasavAla, ke 0pI0, (1) "jaina imeja Apha maurya piriyaDa', jarnala bihAra ur3IsA risarca sosAiTI, khaM0 23, bhAga 1, 1937, pR0 130-32 / / (2) "olDesTa jaina imejeja DiskavarDa", jaina eNTikverI, khaM0 3, aM0 1, jUna 1937, pR0 17-18 / jenAsa, I0 tathA Aboyara, je0, khajurAho, hega, 1960 / jaina, choTelAla, jaina bibaliAnApI, kalakattA, 1945 / jaina, je0 sI0, lAIpha ina ainzaNTa iNDiyA : aija DepikTeDa ina di jaina kenansa, bambaI, 1947 / jaina, jyotiprasAda, (1) 'devagar3ha aura usakA kalA vaibhava', jaina eNTikverI khaM0 21, aM0 1. jUna 1955, pR0 11-22 / (2) vi jaina sorseja Apha hisTrI Apha ainzaNTa iNDiyA (100 bI0 sI0 e0 DI0 900), dillI, 1964 / (3) pramukha aitihAsika jainapuruSa aura mahilAeM, dillI, 1975 / jaina, nIraja, (1) 'navAgar3ha : eka mahatvapUrNa madhyayugIna jaina tIrtha', anekAnta, varSa 15, aM0 6, pharavarI 1963, pR0 277-78 / (2) 'patiyAnadAI maMdira kI mUrti aura caubIsa jina zAsanadeviyA~', anekAnta, varSa 16, aM0 3, agasta 1963, pR0 99-103 / (3) 'gvAliyara ke purAtatva saMgrahAlaya kI jaina mUrtiyA~' anekAnta, varSa 15, aM0 5, disambara 1963, pR0 214-16 / (4) 'tulasI saMgrahAlaya, rAmavana kA jaina purAtatva, anekAnta, varSa 16, aM0 6, pharavarI 1964, pR0 279-80 / (5) 'bajaraMgagar3ha kA vizada jinAlaya', anekAnta, varSa 18, aM0 2, jUna 1965, pR0 65-66 /

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khajurAho kA jaMna pustaka (6) 'atizaya kSetra ahAra', anekAnta, varSa 18, aM0 4, aktUbara 1965, pR0 177-79 / (7) 'ahAra kA zAMtinAtha saMgrahAlaya', anekAnta, varSa 18, aMka 5, disambara 1665, pR0 221-22 / (8) khajurAho ke jaina maMdira, satanA, 1967 / jaina, nIraja tathA jaina dazaratha, jaina mAnyumeNTsa aiTa khajurAho, satanA 1968 / jaina, balabhadra, bhArata ke vigaMbara jaina tIrtha (tRtIya bhAga, madhya pradeza), bambaI 1976, pR0 131-50 / jaina, bAlacaMdra, (1) 'mahAkauzala kA jaina purAtatva', anekAnta, varSa 17, aMka 3, agasta 1964, pR0 131-33 / / (2) 'jana pratimAlakSaNa', anekAnta, varSa 19, aM0 3, agasta 1966, pR0 204-13 / (3) 'dhubelA saMgrahAlaya ke jaina mUrti lekha', anekAnta, varSa 19, aM0 4, aktUbara, 1966, pR0 244-45 / (4) jaina pratimAvijJAna, jabalapura, 1974 / jaina, bhAgacandra, devagar3ha kI jaina kalA, nayI dillI, 1974 / jana, zazikAnta, 'sama kAmana elimeNTsa ina di jaina aiNDa hindU panthiAnsa-1-yakSaja aiNDa yakSiNIja', jaina eNTikverI, khaM018, aM0 2, disambara 1952, pR0 32-35; kha0 19, aM0 1, jUna 1953, pR0 21-23 / jaina, hIrAlAla, (1) jaina zilAlekha-saMgraha (saM0), bhAga 1, mANikacandra digaMbara jaina grantha mAlA 28, bambaI, 1928 / (2, bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, bhopAla, 1962 / jainI, je0 ela0, 'sama noTsa Ana di digaMbara jaina AikAnogrAphI', iNDiyana eNTikvero, khaM0 32, disambara 1904, pR0 330-32 / jozI, ena0 pI0, mathurA skalpacarsa, mathurA, 1966 / jhA, zaktidhara, hindU DITIja ina di jaina purANaja', DA0 zAtkArI mukarjI phelisiTezana vAlyUma (saM0 bI0 pI0 sinhA Adi), caukhambA saMskRta sTaDIja khaNDa 69, vArANasI, 1969, pR0 458-65 / / ThAkura, esa0Ara0, keTalAga Apha skalpacarsa ina vi AkialAjikala myUjiyama gvAliyara, lshkr| De, sudhIna, 'caumukha--e simbAlika jaina ArTa', jaina jarnala, khaM0 6, aM0 1, julAI 1971, pR0 27-30 /

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sandarbha sUcI 117 DhAkI, ema0 e0, 'sama arlI jaina Tempalsa ina vesTarna iNDiyA', mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya golDena jubilI vAlyUma, baMbaI, 1968, pR0 290-347 / tivArI, mAruti nandana prasAda, (1) 'bhArata kA bhavata kA jaina purAtatva', anekAnta, __ varSa 24, aM0 2, jUna 1971, pR0 51-52, 58 / / (2) 'e noTa Ana di AiDenTiphikezana Apha e tIrthaMkara imeja aiTa bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI', jaina jarnala, khaM0 6, aM0 1, julAI 1971, pR0 41-43 / (3) 'khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha maMdira kI rathikAoM meM jaina deviyA~', anekAnta, varSa 24, aM0 4, aktUbara 1971, pR0 183-84 / (4) 'khajurAho ke AdinAtha maMdira ke pravezadvAra kI mUrtiyA~', anekAnta, varSa 24, aM0 5, disambara 1971, pR0 218-21 / _ 'khajurAho ke jaina maMdiroM ke Dora-liMTalsa para utkIrNa jaina deviyA~', anekAnta, varSa 24, aM0 6, pharavarI 1972, pR0 251-54 / (6) 'uttara bhArata meM jaina yakSI cakrezvarI kI mUrtigata avatAraNA', anekAnta, varSa 25, aM0 1, mArca-apraila 1972, pR0 35-40 / (7) 'kumbhAriyA ke sambhavanAtha maMdira kI jaina deviyA~', anekAnta, varSa 25, aM0 3, julAI-agasta 1972, pR0 101-03 / (8) 'candrAvatI kA jaina purAtatva', anekAnta, varSa 25, aM0 4, sitambara-aktUbara 1972, pR0 145-47 / (6) 'riprejenTezana Apha sarasvatI ina jaina skalpa carsa Apha khajurAho, jarnala gujarAta risarca sosAiTI, kha0 34, aM0 4, aktUbara 1972, pR0 307-12 / (10) 'e brIpha sarve Apha di AikAnogrAphika DeTA aiTa kumbhAriyA, nArtha gujarAta', saMbodhi, kha0 2, aM0 1, apraila 1973, pR0 7-14 / (11) 'e noTa Ana aina imeja Apha rAma aiNDa sItA Ana di pArzvanAtha Tempala, khajurAho, jaina jarnala, kha0 8, aM0 1, julAI 1973, pR0 30-32 / (12) 'e noTa Ana sama bAhubalI imejeja phAma nArtha iNDiyA', IsTa aiNDa vesTa ( roma ), khaM0 23, aM0 3-4, sitambara-disambara 1973, pR0 347-53 / (13) 'di AikAnogrAphI oNpha di imejeja oNva sambhavanAtha aiTa khajurAho', jarnala ___ gujarAta risarca sosAiTI, kha0 35, aM0 4, aktUbara 1973, pR0 3-9 / / (14) 'uttara bhArata meM jaina yakSI padmAvatI kA pratimAnirUpaNa', anekAnta, varSa 27, aMka 2, agasta 1974, pR0 34-41 /

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118 khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva (15) 'e yUnIka imeja Apha RSabhanAtha aiTa AkiMalAjikala myUjiyama, khajurAho', jarnala oriyaNTala insTyUiTa, bar3audA, kha0 24, aM0 1-2, sitambara disambara 1974, pR0 247-49 / (16) 'imejeja oNva ambikA Ana di jaina Tempalsa aiTa khajurAho', jarnala oriyaNTala insTiTyUTa bar3audA, kha0 24, aM0 1-2, sitambara-disambara 1974, pR0 243-46 / (17) 'uttara bhArata meM jaina yakSI ambikA kA pratimAnirUpaNa', saMbodhi, khaM0 3, aM0 2-3, disambara 1974, pR0 27-44 (18) 'di jina imejeja oNpha khajurAho vid spezala repharensa TU ajitanAtha', jaina jarnala, kha0 10, aMka0 1, julAI 1975, pR0 22-25 / (19) 'jaina yakSa gomukha kA pratimAnirUpaNa', zramaNa, varSa 27, aM0 9, julAI 1976, pR0 29-36 / (20) 'di AikAnogrAphI oNpha yakSI siddhAyikA', jarnala eziyATika sosAiTI ( kalakatA ), khaM0 15, aM0 1-4, 1973 (maI 1977), pR0 97-103 / (21) 'jina imejeja ina di AkialAjikala myUjiyama, khajurAho', mahAvIra aiNDa hija TIciMgsa, ( saM0 e0 ena0 upAdhye Adi ), bhagavAn mahAvIra 2500vA~ nirvANa mahotsava samiti, bambaI 1977, pR0 409-28 / (22) 'e yUnIka Dera-liTala phAma khajurAho', jaina jarnala, khaM0 13, aM0 2, aktUbara 1978, pR0 75-77 / (23) 'di imejeja oNpha di jaina tIrthaMkara neminAtha aiTa khajurAho', jaina jarnala, khaM0 13, aM0 4, apraila 1979, pR0 155-58 / (24) 'AikAnogrAphika noTsa Ana di jina imejeja oNpha khajurAho vida spezala repharensa TU mahAvIra imejeja', 'prosiDigsa iNDiyana hisTrI kAMgresa 39vA~ adhivezana ( haidarAbAda, 1978 ) prathama bhAga, pR0 250-59 / (25) jaina pratimAvijJAna, vArANasI, 1981 / / (26) elimeNTsa oNpha jaina AikAnogrAphI, vArANasI, 1983 / tripAThI, ela0 ke0 (1) evolyUzana oNpha Tempala AkiTekcara ina nArdarna iNDiyA, pI-eca0DI0 aprakAzita thIsisa, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, 1968 / (2) 'di erATika skalpacarsa oNpha khajurAho aiNDa deyara prAbebala eksaplA nezana', bhAratI, aM0 3, 1959-60, pR0 82-104 /

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sandarbha-sUcI dIkSita, esa0 ke0, 119 e gAiDa TU di sTeTa myUjiyama dhubelA ( navagA~va), vindhyapradeza, navagA~va, 1956 // di candelaja oNpha di jejAkabhukti aiNDa deyara TAimsa, pI0eca0DI0 thIsisa, lakhanaU vizvavidyAlaya | desAI, pI0 bI0, ( 1 ) jainijama ina sAutha iNDiyA aiNDa sama jaina epigrAphsa, jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA 6, zolApura, 1963 / dIkSita, Ara0 ke0 nAhaTA, dozI, becaradAsa, nAhaTA, agaracanda, ( 1 ) ' tAlaghara meM prApta 160 jina pratimAe~. anekAnta, varSa 19, aM0 1-2, 1966 ( apraila - jUna ), pR0 81-83 / (2) 'bhAratIya vAstuzAstra meM jaina pratimA sambandhI jJAtavya', anekAnta, varSa 20, aM0 5, disambara 1967, pR0 207 - 15 / bhaMvaralAla, nAhara, pI0 sI0. 1 prasAda, triveNI, pATila, DI0 Ara0, premI, nAthUrAma, banarjI, je0 ena0 barjesa, je0 brAuna, parsI, (2) 'yakSI imejeja ina sAutha iNDiyana jainijama', DA0 mirAzI phelisiTezana vAlyUma ( saM0 jI0 TI0 dezapANDe Adi ), nAgapura, rana, klArja, 1965, pR0 344-48 / jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 1, vArANasI, 1966 / 'tAlAguDI kI jaina pratimA', jaina jagata varSa 13, aM0 9-11, disambara 1959 - pharavarI 1960, pR0 60-61 / jaina inskripzansa, bhAga 1, jaina vividha sAhitya zAstramAlA 8, kalakattA, 1918 / di enTikveriyana rimensa ina vihAra, hisTArikala risarca sirIja 4, paTanA, 1963 / 'jaina pratimAvidhAna', jaina eNTikverI, khaM0 4, aM0 1 jUna 1937, pR0 16-23 / jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, bambaI, 1956 / di DIvelapameNTa oNva hindU AikAnogrAphI, kalakattA, 1956 / 'digambara jaina AikanogrAphI', iNDiyana eNTikverI, khaM0 32, 1903, pR0 459-64 / iNDiyana ArkiTekcara ( buddhisTa aiNDa hindU piriyaDsa ), bambaI, 1971 (punarmudrita ) / (1) 'di phigara oNpha di TU loara riliphsa Ana di pArzvanAtha Tempala aiTa khajurAho', AcArya zrI vijaya vallabhasUri smAraka grantha (saM0 motI candra Adi ), bambaI, 1956, pR0 7-35 /

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120 khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva (2) 'jaina tIrthaja ina madhya deza : dudahI', jaina yuga, varSa 1, navambara 1958, pR0 29-33 / (3) jaina tIrthaja ina madhyadeza : cA~dapura', jaina yuga, varSa 2, apraila, 1959, pR0 67-70 / (4) di jina imejeja Apha devagar3ha, liDena, 1969 / bosa, ena0 esa0, hisTrI Apha candelaja, kalakattA, 1956 / bhaTTAcArya, e0 ke0, (1) "AikAnogrAphI Apha sama mAinara DITIja ina jainijama", iNDiyana hisTArikala kvATI, khaM0 29, aM0 4, disambara 1953, pR0 332-39 / (2) "jaina AikAnogrAphI', AcArya bhikSu smRti prantha ( saM0 zatakAri mukharjI Adi ), kalakattA, 1961, pR0 191-200 / (3) "ena iNTroDakzana TU di jaina gaoNDesa padmAvatI", muni jina vijaya abhinandana grantha-bhAratIya purAtatva (saM0 Ara0 esa0 DANDekara Adi), jayapura, 1971, pR0 219-29 / bhaTTAcArya, bI0, "jaina AikAnogrAphI", jainAcArya zrI AtmAnanda janma zatAbdI smAraka grantha (saM0 mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI), bambaI 1936, pR0 114-21 / bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0, di jaina AikAnogrAphI, dillI, 1974, (punrmudrit)| bhaNDArakara, DI0 Ara0, "jaina AikAnogrAphI", AkiyalAjikala sarve Apha iNDiyA, enuala riporTa, 1905-06, kalakattA, 1908, pR0 141-49 / mAnava, mahendra kumAra (saM0), kalAtIrtha khujarAho, chatarapura / mitrA, debalA, "zAsanadevIja ina di khaNDagiri kevsa'', jarnala eziyATika sosAyaTI, khaM0 1, aM0 2, 1959, pR0 127-33 / mitrA, zizira kumAra, di ali rUlarsa Apha khajurAho, kalakattA, 1958 / rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, tirupatikuNarama aiNDa iTsa Tempalsa, buleTina madrAsa gavarnameNTa * myUjiyama, nyU sirija, khaM0 1, bhAga 3, madrAsa, 1934 / rolaNDa, benjAmina, di ArTa aiNDa AkiTekcara Apha iNDiyA, landana, 1953 / lAlavAnI, gaNeza, (saM0) jaina jarnala (mahAvIra jayaMtI spezala naMbara), khaM0 3, aM0 4, apraila 1969 / vAjapeyI, ke0 DI0, madhya pradeza kI prAcIna jaina kalA, anekAnta, varSa 17, aM0 3, agasta 1964, pR0 98-99; varSa 28, 1975, pR0 115-16 /

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sandarbha sUcI 121 vidyA prakAza, khajurAho ( e sTaDI ina di kalcarala kaNDIzansa Apha candela sosA iTI), dillii| viNTaranitja, ema, e hisTrI Apha iNipana liTrecara, khaM 2, (buddhisTa aiNDa jaina liTrecara)', kalakattA, 1933 / zarmA, bI0 ena0, jana pratimAe~, dillI, 1979 / zAstrI, ajaya mitra, 'tripurI kA jaina, purAtatva', jaina milana, varSa, 12, aM0 2, disambara 1970, pR0 69-72 / zAstrI, paramAnanda jaina, 'madhya bhArata kA jaina purAtatva', anekAnta, varSa 19, aM0 1-2, apraila-jUna 1966, pR0 54-69 / zAha, sI0 je0, jainijma ina nArtha iNDiyA, landana, 1932 / zAha, yU0 pI0, (1) 'AikAnogrAphI oNpha di jaina gaoNDesa aMbikA', jarnala yUnivasiTI oNpha bAmbe, khaM0 9, 1940-41, pR0 147-69 / (2) 'AikAnogrAphI oNpha di jena gaoNDesa sarasvatI', jarnala yUnivasiTI oNpha bAmbe, khaM0 10 (nyU sirija), sitambara 1941, pR0 195-218 / (3) 'AikAnogrAphI oNpha di siksaTIna jaina mahAvidyAja', jarnala iNDiyana sosAiiTI oNva oriyaNTala ArTa, khaM0 15, 1947, pR0 114-77 / (4) 'yakSaja varazipa ina arlI jaina liTrecara', jarnala oriyaNTala insTTiyUTa (bar3audA), khaM0 3, aM0 1, sitambara 1953, pR0 54-71 / (5) sTaDIja ina jaina ArTa, banArasa, 1955 / (6) 'pareNTsa oNpha di tIrthakaraja', buleTina priMsa oNpha velsa myUjiyama, vesTanaM iNDiyA, a0 5, 1955-57, pR0 24-32 / (7) akoTA bronjeja, baMbaI, 1959 / (8) 'iNTroDakzana oNpha zAsanadevatAja ina jaina varazipa', prosiDigsa aiNDa TrAnjekzansa oriyaNTala kAnpharensa, 20vAM adhivezana, bhuvanezvara, aktUbara 1959, pUnA, 1961, pR0 141-52 / (9) "jaina AikAnogrAphI-e brIpha sarve", munijina vijaya abhinandana grantha bhAratIya purAtatva, ( saM0 Ara0 esa0 DANDekara Adi ), jayapura, 1971, pR0 184-218 / (10) "AikAnogrAphI oNpha cakrezvarI", jarnala oriyaNTala insTiTyUTa, ( bar3audA ), khaM0 20, aM0 3, mArca 1971, pR0 280-311 /

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khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva (11) "biginiMgsa oNpha jaina AikAnogrAphI', saMgrahAlaya purAtattva patrikA ( lakhanaU ), aM0 9, jUna 1972, pR0 1-14 / (12) "yakSiNI oNva di TvenTI-phortha jina mahAvIra", jarnala oriyaNTala insTiTyUTa ( bar3audA ), khaM0 22, aM0 1-2, sitambara-disambara 1972, pR0 70-78 / / (13) "sama mAinara jaina DiTIja-mAtRkAja aiNDa dikpAlaja", jarnala ema0 __ esa0 yUnivasiTI Apha bar3audA, khaM0 30, aM0 1, 1981, pR075-109| (14) 'mAinara jaina DiTIja', jarnala oriyaNTala insTiTyUTa ( bar3audA ), khaM0 31, aM0 3, mArca 1982, pR0. 274-90; khaM0 31, aM0 4, jUna 1982, pR0 371-78 / saMkaliyA, eca0 DI0, (1) 'jaina AikAnogrAphI', nyU eNTikverI, khaM0 2, 1939-40, pR0 497-520 / (2) 'jaina yakSaja aiNDa yakSiNIja', buleTina DaMkana kAleja risarca insTiTyUTa (pUnA), khaM0 1, aM0 2-4, 1940, pR0 157-68 / (3) 'jaina mAnyumeNTsa phAma devagar3ha', jarnala iNDiyana sosAiTI Ava oriyaNTala ArTa, khaM0 9, 1941, pR0 97-104 / sarakAra, DI0 sI0, selekTa inskripzansa, khaM0 1, kalakattA, 1965 / sikdAra, je0 sI0, . sTaDIja ina di bhagavatIsUtra, mujaphpharapura, 1964 / smitha, vI0 e0, vi jaina stUpa aiNDa adara eNTikviTIja Ava mathurA, vArANasI, ... 1969 ( punarmudrita ) / hastomala, jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, khaM 1, jayapura, 1971 /

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citra-sUcI citra saMkhyA: 1. khajurAho ke jaina mandira / 2. pAzvanAtha mandira (dakSiNa-pUrva), khajurAho, la0 950-70 I0 / 3. pArzvanAtha pratimA evaM pravezadvAra, garbhagRha, pArzvanAtha mandira, khajurAho / 4. yama, ziva, lakSmI nArAyaNa evaM ambikA, dakSiNI bhitti, pArzvanAtha mandira, khajurAho / 5. rAma-sItA-hanumAna, uttarI bhitti (maNDapa), pArzvanAtha mandira, khajurAho / 6. kA~TA nikalavAtI huI apsarA, uttarI bhitti (garbhagRha), pArzvanAtha mandira, khajurAho / 7. aMjana lagAtI huI apsarA, dakSiNI bhitti (maNDapa), pArzvanAtha mandira, khajurAho / 8. nUpura bA~dhatI huI apsarA, uttarI bhitti (maNDapa), pArzvanAtha mandira, khajurAho / 9. mahAvara racAto huI apsarA, uttarI bhitti (maNDapa), pArzvanAtha mandira, khajurAho / . 10. mandira-lekha ( samvat 1011), pArzvanAtha mandira, khajurAho / 11. ghaNTaI mandira, khajurAho, la0 10 vIM zatI I0 / 12. pravezadvAra ( uttaraMga evaM bar3eriyAM-mAMgalika svapna, navagraha evaM jina ), zAntinAtha mandira, khajurAho, la0 10 vIM zatI I0 / 13. pravezadvAra ( uttaraMga evaM bar3eriyA~-mAMgalika svapna, navagraha, gajalakSmI, cakrezvarI evaM sarasvatI), zAntinAtha mandira, khajurAho, la0 10 vIM zatI I0 / 14. pravezadvAra ( uttaraMga evaM bar3eriyA~-mAMgalika svapna, jaina muni, lakSmI, cakrezvarI, ambikA evaM navagraha ), mandira 7, khajurAho, la0 10 vI zatI I0 / AdinAtha mandira ( pazcima-uttara ), khajurAho / 16. ambikA, lakSmI evaM anya deva AkRtiyA~, pUrvI zikhara, AdinAtha mandira, khajurAho / 17. pravezadvAra ( garbhagRha, AdinAtha mandira ), khajurAho / 18. pravezadvAra ( uttaraMga evaM bar3eriyA~ ambikA, cakrezvarI, padmAvatI evaM mAMgalika . svapna ), AdinAtha mandira, khjuraaho| 19. deva, apsarA tathA gandharva mUrti paTTikAe~, uttarI bhitti. AdinAtha mandira, khajurAho / 20. nartakI evaM darpaNA, AdinAtha mandira, khjuraaho| 21. RSabhanAtha, pazcimI devAlaya, pArzvanAtha mandira, khajurAho, la0 10 vIM zatI I0 / 22. RSabhanAtha ( ambikA aura cakrezvarI sahita ), jADina saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho (kramAMka 1651 ), la0 10 vIM zatI I0 / 23. RSabhanAtha, purAtattva saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho (kramAMka 1682), la0 10vIM zatI I0 / 24. RSabhanAtha ( gomukha-cakrezvarI evaM navagrahoM sahita ), purAtattva saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho (kramAMka 1667), la0 10 vIM zatI I0 / |

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( 124 ) 25. RSabhanAtha ( navagrahoM sahita ), mandira 1/5, khajurAho, la0 11 vIM zatI I0 / 26. sambhavanAtha ( yakSa-yakSI tathA supArzvanAtha aura pArzvanAtha sahita), purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho ( kramAMka 1715 ), la0 10 vIM zatI I0 / 27. zAntiAtha ( 12 phITa U~cI ), zAntinAtha mandira, khajurAho, 1028 I0 / 28. mahAvIra ( yakSa-yakSI evaM zAntidevI sahita), mandira 7, khajurAho, 11vIM zatI I0 / 29. dvitIrthI jinamUrti ( lAMchana rahita), purAtattva saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho (kramAMka 1635), 11 vIM zatI I0 / 30. jaina yugala, zAntinAtha mandira ( parisara), khajurAho, 10 vIM zatI I0 / 31. ambikA-dvibhujA (pArzvanAtha mandira, dakSiNI bhitti), khajurAho / 32. ambikA ( yakSa-yakSI sahita), purAtattva saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho, 10 vIM zatI I0 / 33. uttaraMga (ambikA, cakrezvarI, padmAvatI tathA navagraha ), jADina saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho ( kramAMka 1467 ), la0 10 vIM zatI I0 / 34. uttaraMga ( ambikA, cakrezvarI, lakSmI evaM navagraha ), digambara jaina dharmazAlA ( zAntinAtha mandira ke samIpa ), khajurAho, 11 vIM zatI I0 / 35. jaina mahAvidyAe~ ( puruSadattA evaM apraticakrA ), uttarI bhitti, AdinAtha mandira, khajurAho, 11 vIM zatI I0 / 36. jaina mahAvidyAe~ ( gaurI ), pazcimI bhiti, AdinAtha mandira, khajurAho, 11 vIM zatI I0 / 37. jaina mahAvidyAe~ ( vajrazRMkhalA yA vajrAMkuzA aura kAlI ), uttarI bhitti, AdinAtha mandira, khajurAho, 11 vIM zatI I0 / 38. jaina mahAvidyAe~ ( jAMbUnadA ? ), uttarI bhitti, AdinAtha mandira, khajurAho, 11 vIM zatI I0 / 39. kSetrapAla (candakAma ), zAntinAtha mandira, pravezadvAra ke samIpa (ke. 1, 3) khajurAho, la0 11 vIM zatI I0 / 40. sAhU zAntiprasAda jaina kalA saMgrahAlaya bhavana, khajurAho / 41. RSabhanAtha (gomukha - cakrezvarI sahita), pArzvo meM pArzvanAtha evaM supArzvanAtha sAhU zAnti prasAda jaina kalA saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho ( kramAMka 16 ) - Age se sA0 zA 0 jai0 ka0 saM0, la0 11 vIM - 12 vIM zatI I0 / 42. RSabhanAtha, sA0 zA0 jai0 ka0 saM0, la0 11 vIM zatI I0 / 43. RSabhanAtha kI caturviMzati mUrti, sA0 zA 0 jai0 ka0 saM0, la0 11 vIM zatI I0 / 44. RSabhanAtha, sA0 zA0 jai0 ka0 saM0, la0 11 vIM zatI I0 / 45. ditIrthI tIrthaGkara mUrti, sA0 zA 0 jai0 ka0 saM0 (kramAMka 31), la0 11 vIM zatI I0 / 46. jaina yugala ( tIrthaGkara ke mAtA-pitA ? ), sA0 zA0 jai0 ka0 saM0 (kramAMka 49), la0 11 vIM zatI I0 /

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( 125 ) 47. ambikA yakSI, sA0 zA0 ja0 ka0 saM0, la0 10 vIM zatI0 I0 / 48. lakSmI, sA0 zA0 ja0 ka0 saM0, la0 11 vIM zatI I0 / 49. dikpAla kubera, sA0 zA0 ja0 ke0 saM0, la0 11 vIM zatI I0 / 50. bAhubalI mUrti (adhobhAga avaziSTa), sA0 zA0 ja0 ka0 saM0, la0 11 vIM-12 vIM zatI I0 / 51. upAsaka mUrti ( tIrthaGkara mUrti kA avaziSTa bhAga ), sA0 zA0 ja0 ka0 saM0, la0 12 vIM zatI ii0|| 52. khaNDita mastaka (pAhila), sA0 zA0 ja0 ka0 saM0, la0 12 vIM zatI I0 / 53. bhaTTAraka nayanandI ( jaina AcAryoM kI tattva carcA ), sA0 zA0 ja0 ka0 saM0 (kramAMka 233), la0 12 vIM zatI I0 / 54. kSetrapAla, sA0 zA0 jai0 ka0 saM0, la0 11 vIM zatI I0 / 55. tIrthaGkara-mAtA ke solaha mAMgalika svapna, sA0 zA0 ja0 ka0 saM0, la0 11 vIM zatI I0 / 56. AcArya kI vandanA hetu yAtrA, sA0 zA0 jai0 ka0 saM0, la0 11 vIM zatI I0 / 57. tIrthaGkara kA abhiSeka dRzya, sA0 zA0 jai0 ka0 saM0, la0 11 voM zatI I0 / 58. sAdhuoM dvArA RSabhanAtha kI vandanA, sA0 zA0 jai0 ka0 saM0, la0 11 vIM zatI I0 / (citra saMkhyA : 3-5, 10-13, 15-20, 23, 24, 26, 27, 29, 31-33, 35-39 amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI; citra saMkhyA 30 AkiyolaoNjikala sarve AMva iNDiyA, dillI evaM anya sabhI citra digambara jaina atizaya kSetra, khajurAho prabandha samiti, khajurAho ke saujanya se / )

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citra 1 : khajurAho ke jaina mandira

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ASTERSUR citra 2 : pArzvanAtha mandira ( dakSiNa-pUrva), khajurAho, la0 950-70 I0 s

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citra 3 : pAzvanAtha pratimA evaM pravezadvAra, garbhagRha, pAzrvanAtha mandi', khajurAho a

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322 citra 4 : yama, ziva, lakSmI-nArAyaNa evaM aMbikA, dakSiNI bhitti, pArzvanAtha mandira, khajurAho

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-dain Educatiocitra 50 rAma-sItA-hanumAna, uttarI bhitti (maNDapa), pArzvanAtha mandira, khajurAho www.jainelibrary.or

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citra 6 : kAMTA nikalavAtI huI apsarA, uttarI bhitti (garbhagRha), pArzvanAtha mandira, khajurAho -

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citra 7 : ajana lagAto huI apsarA, dakSiNI bhitti ( maNDapa ), pArzvanAtha mandira, khajurAho www.jainelibrary.of

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citra 8 : nUpura bAMdhatI huI apsarA, uttarI bhitti ( maNDapa ), pArzvanAtha mandira, khajurAho

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citra 9 : mahAvara racAtI huI apsarA, uttarI bhitti (maNDapa), pArzvanAtha mandira, khajurAho

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saMvata samayonija kula kvalAyadi mAnisa sIla samada maga ta ya karAve zabAnakI mI sAnAni natoM paudhogatAna mAnA miti rinanAghoTayAlayapAhila nAmA) pAhilavAMTi kAvadvavArikAra laghutaMdavArako / sakatavATikA pavAra latA TikA / jAmavATimA tavAvADI), pAhilata manasAyo lIpana soyarako cha viditA dAsasAdAsAyamamAhAtapAlA patA mahAnArAyanasIvAsadanale sAna sudeza somadina citra 10 : mandira-lekha ( saMvat 1011), pArzvanAtha mandira, khajurAho

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citra 11 : ghaNTaI mandira, khajurAho la0 10vIM zatI I0 www.jainelibrary.or.

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SAMRAPAT2525 XUAL WHAYAWAN citra 12 : praveza-dvAra (uttaraMga evaM bar3eriyAM-mAMgalika svapna, navagraha evaM jina), zAntinAtha mandira, khajurAho, la0 10vIM zatI I0

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citra 13 : praveza-dvAra (uttaraMga evaM bar3eriyAM-mAMgalika svapna, navagraha, gajalakSmI, cakrezvarI evaM sarasvatI), zAntinAtha mandira, khajurAho, la0 10vIM zatI I0

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citra 14 : praveza-dvAra (uttaraMga evaM bar3eriyAM-mAMgalika svapna, jainamuni, lakSmI, cakrezvarI, aMbikA evaM navagraha), mandira 7, khajurAho, la0 10vIM zatI I0

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citra 15 : AdinAtha mandira ( pazcima-uttara ), khajurAho www.jainelibrary.or

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citra 16 : aMbikA, lakSmI evaM anya deva AkRtiyA~, pUrvI zikhara, AdinAtha mandira, khajurAho

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740 UMAO ta citra 17 : praveza dvAra (garbhagRha), AdinAtha mandira, khajurAho www.jainelibrary.or

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SERVEHICERO SUPER SASHOG citra 18 : praveza-dvAra (uttaraMga evaM bar3eriyAM-ambikA, cakrezvarI, padmAvatI evaM mAMgalika svapna ), AdinAtha mandira, khajurAho

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citra 19 : deva, apsarA tathA gandharva mUrti paTTikAyeM, uttarI bhitti, AdinAtha mandira, khajurAho l:

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citra 20 : nartakI evaM darpaNA, AdinAtha mandira, khajurAho

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citra 21 : RSabhanAtha, pazcimI devAlaya, pArzvanAtha mandira, khajurAho, la0 10voM zatI I0 .

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citra 22 : RSabhanAtha (aMbikA aura cakrezvarI sahita), jADina saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho (kramAMka 1651), la0 10vIM zatI I0

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citra 23 : RSabhanAtha, purAtattva saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho (kramAMka 1682), la0 10vIM zatI I0

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A citra 24 : RSabhanAtha (gomukha-cakrezvarI evaM navagrahoM sahita), purAtattva saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho (kramAMka 1667), la010vIM zatI I0

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citra 25 : RSabhanAtha ( navagrahoM sahita ), mandira 1/5, khajurAho, la0 11vIM zatI I0

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citra 26 : sambhavanAtha ( yakSa-yakSI tathA supArzvanAtha aura pArzvanAtha sahita ), purAtattva saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho (kramAMka 1715), la0 10vIM zatI I0

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zrI madana Jain Educatic citra 27* zAntinAtha ( 12 phITa U~cI ), zAntinAtha mandira, khajurAho, 1028 Io

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citra 28 : mahAbora (yakSa-yakSI evaM zAntidevI sahita ), mandira 7, khajurAho, 11vIM zatI I0 Nain Education International

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citra 29 : dvitIrthI jina mUrti (lAMchana rahita ), purAtattva saMgrahAlaya, kha jugaho, ( kramAMka 1635 ), 11vIM zatI I0 www.jainelibrary

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citra 30 : jaina yugala, zAntinAtha mandira ( parisara ), khajurAho, 10vIM zatI I0

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citra 31 : aMbikA (dvibhujA), pArzvanAtha mandira (dakSiNI bhitti), khajurAho

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citra 32 : aMbikA ( yakSa-yakSI sahita ), purAtattva saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho, 10vIM zatI I0

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Jain Education Award citra 33 : uttaraMga ( aMbikA, cakrezvarI, padmAvatI tathA nava graha ), jADina saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho (kramAMka 1467), la0 10vIM zatI I0 ..

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citra 34 : uttaraMga ( aMbikA, cakrezvarI, lakSmI evaM navagraha ), digambara jaina dharmazAlA (zAntinAtha mandira ke samIpa ), khajurAho, 11vIM zatI I0

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MOHOOL TOSSUEyee Jayan citra 35 : jaina mahAvidyAyeM (puruSadattA evaM apritacakrA), uttarI bhitti, AdinAtha mandira, khajurAho, 11vIM zatI I0

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WLEDIGWOOOG GetectetootereBIOS ANTANT citra 36 : jaina mahAvidyAyeM (gaurI ), pazcimI bhitti, AdinAtha mandira, khajurAho, 11vIM zatI I0

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AIRS citra 37 : jaina mahAvidyAyeM (vajra zRMkhalA yA vajrAMkuzA aura kAlI), uttarI bhitti, AdinAtha mandira, khajurAho, 11vIM zatI I0

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kika citra 68 : jaina mahAvidyAyeM (jAMbUnadA ?), uttarI bhitti, AdinAtha mandira, khajurAho, 11vIM zatI I0 .

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citra 39 : kSetrapAla ( candakAma ), zAntinAtha mandira ( pravezadvAra ke samIpake 1/3 ), khajurAho, la0 11vIM zatI I0 www.jainelibrary.or

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citra 40 : sAhU zAnti prasAda jaina kalA saMgrahAlaya bhavana, khajurAho www.jainelibrary

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citra 41 : RSabhanAtha ( gomukha-cakrezvarI sahita), pAzryoM meM pArzvanAtha eva supArzvanAya, sAhU zAnti prasAda jaina kalA saMgrahAlaya (kramAMka 16 )-Age se sA0 zA0 jai0 ka. saM, la0 10vIM-11vIM zatI I0

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citra 42 : RSabhanAtha, sA0 zA* jai0 ka0 saM0, la0 10vIM-11vIM zatI I0

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citra 43 : RSabhanAtha kI caturvizati mUrti, sA0 zA0 jai0 ka0 saM0, la0 11vIM zatI I0 ,

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citra 44 : RSabhanAtha, sA0 zA 0 jai0 ka0 saM0, la0 11vIM zatI I0

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citra 45 : dvitIrthI tIrthaMkara mUrti, sA0 zA0 jai0 ka0 saM0 ( kramAMka 31 ), la0 11vIM zatI I0

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citra 46 : jaina yugala ( tIrthaGkara ke mAtA-pitA? ), sA0 zA0 jai0 ka0 saM0 ( kramAMka 49 ), la0 11vIM zatI I0

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citra 47 : ambikA yakSI, sA0 zA0 jai0 ka0 saM0, la0 10vIM zatI I0 www.jainelibrary.o

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citra 48 : lakSmI, sA0 zA0 jai0 ka0 saM0, la0 11vIM zatI I0

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citra 49 : dikpAla kubera, sA0 zA je ka0 saM0, la011vIM zatI I0 www.jainelibrary.com

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citra 50 : vAhubalI mUrti (adhobhAga avaziSTa), sA0 zA0 jai0 ka0 saM0, la011-12vIM zato I0

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citra 51 : upAsaka mUrti (tIrthaGkara mUrti kA avaziSTa bhAga), sA0 zA0 ja0 ka. saM., la0 12vIM zatI I0

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citra 52 : khaNDita mastaka ( pAhila), sA0 zA0 jai0 ka0 saM0, la0 12vIM zatI I0

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Varegr orqororer BHATTARAKA NAYANANDI citra 53 : bhaTTAraka nayanandI (jaina AcAryoM kI tattva carcA), sA0 zA0 jai0 ka0 saM0 (kramAMka 233), la0 12vIM zatI I.

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citra 54 : kSetrapAla, sA0 zA0 ja0 ka0 saM0, la0 11vIM zatI I.

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citra 55 : tIrthaGkara-mAtA ke solaha mAMgalika svapna, sA0 zA0 0 ka0 saM0, la0 11vIM zatI I0 citra 56 : AcArya ko vandanA hetu yAtrA, sA0 zA0 jai0 ka0 saM0, la0 11vIM zatI I0 .

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VILW- 777 40: at #131f270cka, FTO TO 30 o po, so plat stat so citra 58 : sAdhuoM dvArA RSabhanAtha kI vandanA, sA0 zA0 jai0 ka0 saM0, la0 11vIM zatI I0

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lekhaka-paricaya DA0 mAruti nandana prasAda tivArI kAzI hindU vizva vidyAlaya ke kalA-itihAsa vibhAga meM rIDara haiN| Apane kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya se hI prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti evaM purAtattva viSaya meM snAtakottara aura DAkTara Apha philaoNsaphI kI upAdhiyAM prApta kI haiN| Apa pichale 15 varSoM se jaina kalA aura pratimAvijJAna ke adhyayana meM lage haiN| isa kSetra meM ApakA yogadAna atyaMta prazaMsanIya hai| isa viSaya para aba taka Apake tIna grantha prakAzita ho cuke haiM : jaina pratimAvijJAna (vArANasI, 1981), elimeNTsa oNva jaina AikanogrAphI (vArANasI, 1983), ambikA ina jaina ArTa aiNDa liTrecara (dillI, 1987) / DA0 tivArI ke jaina pratimA vijJAna viSayaka tathA bhAratIya kalA ke anya pakSoM se sambandhita 80 se adhika zodha-patra bhArata aura videza kI zodha patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita ho cuke haiN| vartamAna meM Apa vizvavidyAlaya anudAna Ayoga, nayI dillI aura bhAratIya anusandhAna pariSada, nayI dillI dvArA prApta Arthika anudAnoM ke antargata kucha svataMtra risarca praoNjekTsa para kArya kara rahe haiM : AikanogrAphI oNva gommaTezvara bAhubalI, jaina mahAvidyAja, mahAbhArata sInsa ina iNDiyana ArTa, meDivala iNDiyana skalpacara aiNDa AikanogrAphI (yU0 jI0 sI0 TeksTa rAiTiMga proNjektt)| Apane pharavarI'87 meM khajurAho meM 'khajurAho kI kalA' para eka vizAla yU0 jI0 sI0 seminAra ke Ayojana kA bhI yaza prApta kiyA hai / Jain Education in For Privale & Personal use only www.jainelibrary.com

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