Jainendra ka Jivan Darshan

Author(s): Kusum Kakkad
Publisher: Purvodaya Prakashan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010353/1

Page #1
THE FREE INDOLOGICAL COLLECTION WWW.SANSKRITDOCUMENTS.ORG/TFIC FAIR USE DECLARATION This book is sourced from another online repository and provided to you at this site under the TFIC collection. It is provided under commonly held Fair Use guidelines for individual educational or research use. We believe that the book is in the public domain and public dissemination was the intent of the original repository. We applaud and support their work wholeheartedly and only provide this version of this book at this site to make it available to even more readers. We believe that cataloging plays a big part in finding valuable books and try to facilitate that, through our TFIC group efforts. In some cases, the original sources are no longer online or are very hard to access, or marked up in or provided in Indian languages, rather than the more widely used English language. TFIC tries to address these needs too. Our intent is to aid all these repositories and digitization projects and is in no way to undercut them. For more information about our mission and our fair use guidelines, please visit our website. Note that we provide this book and others because, to the best of our knowledge, they are in the public domain, in our jurisdiction. However, before downloading and using it, you must verify that it is legal for you, in your jurisdiction, to access and use this copy of the book. Please do not download this book in error. We may not be held responsible for any copyright or other legal violations. Placing this notice in the front of every book, serves to both alert you, and to relieve us of any responsibility. If you are the intellectual property owner of this or any other book in our collection, please email us, if you have any objections to how we present or provide this book here, or to our providing this book at all. We shall work with you immediately. -The TFIC Team.

Page #2
atinsomnia dise SunilawaliStainment nagaNP bhA . jainendra ka jIvana dazana

Page #3
hindustAnI ekeDemI, pustakAlaya ilAhAbAda varga mayA * * * * * .. ..... pumnA mAyA" . krama saMkhyA : ... .1353.. .....

Page #4
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana 0 mohana pAdarI hareka roDa, bAdAbAra DA0 kusuma kakkar3a prakAzaka pUrvodaya prakAzana dillI-110006

Page #5
pUrvodaya prakAzana (svtvaadhikaar| pUrvodaya prA0 li. rajisTarDa kAryAlaya 7 8 dariyAgaja, dillI-110006 cAlIma rupaye 15 agasta, 1975 DA0 kumuma kakkaDa yuvA mudraNa, 7 nyU vajIrapura inDasTriyala kAmplaiksa, dillI-110052 mudrA JAINENDRA KA JEEWAN-DARSHAN (Jainendra Kumar's Philosophy of Life) by Dr KUSUM KAKKAR Price Rs 40/- (Rupees Forty only)

Page #6
viSayAnukramaNikA viSaya pRSTha manyA prAkkathana pariccheda-- :- : jainendra ke jIvana-darzana kI bhUmikA dargana kyA hai , jainendra kA vyavahAra-dayana jainendra jIvana ke jvalanta pragnA ke samAdhAna mAnava-jJAna aura mAnava-paristhiti me sambandhita aneka praznoM para vicAra aura jIvana ke prati unakA dRSTikoNa manuSya dvArA vivAmita jIvavijJAna athazAstra, gajanIti, darzana manavijJAna lagana niSThA, dAyitva prema-mAhArdra Adi kA mahatva prAnmaniSThA hI adhika hai vyakticetanA aura kAlakhaNDa se Upara uThane kI ceSTA nava pracAraka nahIM hai vRddhi kI pragalbhatA meM mAtha-sAtha hRdaya kI prAsAdikana' mAnavatA ke zAzvata praznoM para vicAra-1-Izvara 2-jIva 3-adhyAtma 4-rASTrIya jIvana kI samasyA aura vAhya prabhAva / pariccheda-2 jainendra ke Izvara sambandhI vicAra Izvara ke astitva kA bodha, jainendra kI AstikanA, Izvara sambandhI dArzanika aura vaijJAnika dRSTi, jaina darzana, pAzcAtya dRSTi Adhunika vicArako kI AstikatA, sRSTi hai isalie usakA

Page #7
viSaya pRSTha sakhyA sRSTA bhI hai, Izvara ko tarka dvArA sidva nahI kiyA jA sakatA, jainendra kI tarkazunya prAsthA, advaita dRSTi, devI-devatA me avizvAsa, Izvara svayabhU, Izvara kA svarUpa, Izvara prAnanda svarUpa, satya hI Izvara hai, saguNa Izvara, Izvara premamaya, Izvara-prema viyogapravAna, laukika jIvana me IzvarIya AsthA, IzvarIya AsthA dvArA jIvana me vyavasthA, prArthanA kA mahatva, "zvara ajJeya he, Izvara bhaagyvidhaataa| pariccheda-3 jainendra aura dharma 85---115 jenendra kI vArmika dRSTi, jaina darzana, janendra ke anusAra dhama kA artha aura svarUpa, dharma aura sampradAya, dhama aura vijJAna, dharma aura rAjanIti, jainendra kI dRSTi meM hisA, jainendra ke vicAra-gAdhI aura jena dazana, aparigraha, parahita, jIvana meM dharma kI AvazyakatA, janandra kI dRSTi me mokSa / pariccheda-4 jainendra kI dRSTi meM bhAgya, karma-paramparA eva mRtyu 116-144 bhAgyavAdI jainendra, pAzcAtya niyativAdI aura aniyativAdI vicAra, jainendra atizaya bhAgyavAdI, bhAgyavAditA AsthAmUlaka, bhAgya se vidroha nahI, niSkAma karmabhAva, puruSArtha, bhAgya aura puruSArtha sahayogI, karmAkarmabhAva, punarjanma, saskAra samaSTi ko prApta, karma kI sthiti vibhinna dArzanika sandarbha, jainendra kI dRSTi aura sAmAnya abhimata, pratibhA adhyavasAyamUlaka, jIva-vaijJAnika dRSTi, kSatipUrti, bhAratIya darzana aura punajanma, paraloka, mRtyu, mRtyu eka anivArya

Page #8
viSaya pRSTha saMkhyA satya, mRtyu kI sArthakatA, mRtyu ke dvAra se amaratva, mRtyu kA bhaya / pariccheda-5 jainendra ke aha sambandhI vicAra 145-177 jainendra ke sAhitya me graha kI sthiti, aha kA artha bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya darzana, pAzcAtya darzana, bhAratIya darzana, jainendra kI dRSTi me aha, aha kA svarUpa, aha aura AtmA, jainendra kI aha dRSTi aura manovijJAna, phrAyaDa-manovijJAna, phrAyaDa aura jainendra kI aha dRSTi, jainendra kI molikatA, jainendra kI racanAo me aha kI sthiti, samarpaNa bhAva, irosa aura saiDijma, kAma ora brahmacarya, ahakAra / pariccheda-6 jainendra aura samAja 178-208 premacanda-yuga, jainendra kI sAmAjika dRSTi, parivAra aura vivAha, vivAha aura prema, parivartanazIla mAnyatAe, prema-vivAha, vivAha-viccheda, antarjAtIya vivAha, kAma-bhAvanA, strI-puruSa sambandha ligatvahIna, naitikatA, vezyAvRtti, samAja me nArI kA sthAna / pariccheda-7 jainendra aura vyakti 206-245 jainendra ke sAhitya me vyakti, vyaktivAdI jainendra, paramArthika dRSTi, mAnava-nIti, jIvanAdarza dArzanika dRSTi, jainendra kI dRSTi me Adarza aura yathArtha, yathArtha vyathAmUlaka, pUrNatAvAdI vicAra, vyakti apUrNa, vyakti devatA nahI, dalita bhI mAnanIya, vyakti TAipa nahIM, vyakti aura manovijJAna, yathArtha prakRtivAda kA paryAya nahI, parasparatA, Atma-pariSkAra, vyakti aura samAja,

Page #9
viSaya pariccheda -8 pariccheda 6 pariccheda 10 vibhinna jIvana dRSTi, satavAda, mArthika vaiSamya, sadAcaraNa, paisA prora vyakti, pajIvAdI Ti, sAmyavAdI dRSTi, TrasTIzipa, manuSya para mazIna, zArIrika zrama, mAnava-caritra vijJAna, prajAtantra, sarvodaya prAtyAtmika mUlyo kI pratiSThA / jenendra paramparA aura prayoga sAhitya se upanyAsa kA mahatva, upanyAsa - sAhitya kI paramparA, upanyAsakAra premacanda, gAhitya kA parivartanazIla satya, sAhitya me jenendra kA prAnirbhAva, vyakti prora prataznetanA, jena suvAravAdI nahI, sAhitya kalyANamaya, sAhitya ra samAja, sAhitya aura TraikanIka, rahasyamayatA, jenendra kI bhASA, nokottara tathA mAnavettara viSaya gorArika viSaya, sAhitya zrAstikatA, sAmAjika dRSTi cirantana satya | pRSTha saMkhyA 246-266 jainendra aura satya 270 satya jijJAsAmUlaka, paramasatya zraddheta sAhitya satya kA svarUpa, sat kA bhAva satya, puraNa satya ajJeya, satyavoca pranubhavAdita, satya kA vyAvahArika rUpa, satya kA svarUpa kAla se tadgata nahI, satya ziva sudara, satya ghaTanA meM nimrata satya aura vAstava, jainendra sAhitya kA mUlya, satya utsaga me, prema samagra aura sahaja, ntarbhuta pIDA, sAhityAdarza satya kI svIkRti, satya jagata - sApekSa / jainendra jIvana kA sazleSaNAtmaka dRSTikoNa 260 darzana avsaratdhaka, vijJAna vizleSaNAtmaka, 286 308

Page #10
viSaya upasahAra sahAyaka grantha-sUcI pRSTha saMkhyA jainendra kA mazleSaNAtmaka dRSTikoNa, zradvaita carcA kA viSaya nahI, dvaita se pradvaita kI ora, jIvana akhaNDa ikAI, kAla-khaNDa deza avibhAjya, aikyabodha grahavisarjana, ardhanArIzvara dvaita bodhaka, mAnasika saracanA prakhaNDa, bhautika maura AdhyAtmika aikya, vyaktitva prakhaNDa, satva, raja, tama sazliSTa, sRSTi prakhaNDa, sAhityikaprakriyA sazleSaNAtmaka, satyabodha zradvAmUlaka, gaisTAlTa manovijJAna, jainendra kI prakhaNDa dRSTi aura gaisTAlTa / 306---314

Page #11

Page #12
do zabda hindI upanyAsa-jagat me jainendra kA AvirbhAva atyanta ullekhanIya ghaTanA hai| jainendra se pUrva premacanda sAhitya-jagat ko eka navIna cetanA tathA jIvanadAyinI zakti pradAna kara cuke the, kintu premacanda apane yuga kI samasyAgro ko sulajhAne kI ceSTA me samasAmayikatA me hI sImita raha gae / jIvana se cipake hue kalAkAra hone ke kAraNa ve jIvana ke sthUla vistAra ko to mApa sake, kintu mAnava-mana kI atala gaharAiyo, mAnava-jIvana kI sUkSma paristhitiyo ke manovaijJAnika AdhAra kI ora ve adhika dhyAna na de sake / isake viparIta jainendra kI ceSTA bAhya pariveza se adhika AtmonmukhatA kI ora dRSTigata hotI hai / jainendra ne jIvana kI samasyAo ko na lekara usake utsa ko hI pakaDane kA prayatna kiyA hai| unhone vyakti ke nityaprati ke jIvana se adhika usame nihita satya kI ora dRSTipAta kiyA hai| unakI dRSTi manovaijJAnika hai| unhone mAnava-cetanA ke rahasyo ko apanI anubhUti kI pIThikA para abhivyajita kiyA hai| jainendra ne apane sAhitya meM jo bauddhikatA rakhI hai aura jIvana kI paramparAgata naitika mAnyatApro para jo praznasUcaka cihna lagAyA hai vaha unhe hindI kathA-sAhitya me eka naye yuga-pravartaka ke rUpa me, premacanda se eka kadama Age sthApita karatA hai| jainendra ke sAhitya meM manovijJAna tathA darzana kA sAmajasya spaSTata dRSTigata hotA hai| ve sAhityakAra hone ke sAtha-sAtha dArzanika bhI hai| eka aora manovijJAna dvArA unhone mAnava-vRtti ke satyo kA udghATana kiyA hai, dUsarI ora darzana ke dvArA Atmagata satyo kI abhivyakti kI hai aura vyakti ko Atmamanthana kI ora unmukha kiyA hai| dArzanikatA ke kAraNa jainendra kA sAhitya atyadhika gUDha ho gayA hai, kintu usakI gUDhatA hI usakA sAra hai, kyoki usame RjutA na hokara gaharAI kA AbhAsa milatA hai| jainendra ke sAhitya kA satya Atma-visarjana tathA aikyAnubhUti me nihita hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me advaita antima satya hai, vaha carcA kA viSaya nahI banatA, kintu jIvana kI bhASA dvaita me hai / do ko lekara hI sRSTi calatI hai| jainendra ne mAnava-jIvana ke sazliSTa rUpa kI abhivyakti kA prayAsa kiyA hai| unake anusAra dharma, samAja, artha Adi vyakti kI sApekSatA me hI sArthaka hai / unhone mAnava-jIvana ke zAzvata prazno para vicAra kiyA hai| unakA sampUrNa sAhitya unakI

Page #13
prAstikatA se anuprANita hai / unakI dRSTi me honahAra ke dvArA Izvara ke astitva kA hI bodha hotA hai / unakI IzvarIya prAsthA jIvana ko sambala pradAna karatI hai / jainendra kA sAhitya adhyAtma tathA bhautikatA kA samuccaya hai / unake anusAra jIvana kI sArthakatA usake bhoga me hai, tiraskAra meM nahI / vastuta ve jaina dharma dvArA prApta hone vAlI vyaktitva - kRzatA ko svIkAra nahI karate / jainendra kA sAhitya jaina dharma ke prasti nAstivAda se prabhAvita hai / unhone dharma ko svabhAva ke arthoM meM hI grahaNa kiyA hai / jainadharmI hone ke kAraNa jenendra ne sabhI dharmo ke prati prAdara kA bhAva vyakta kiyA hai, tathApi unakI niSThA jainadharma me hI hai / unake sAhitya me dharma tathA vijJAna kA sAmajasya dRSTigata hotA hai / jainendra kI dhArmika dRSTi prahisAmUlaka hai / unakI ahisA - nIti gAdhIjI kI ahisAtmaka dRSTi se prabhAvita hai / jainendra ne graha se mukti ko hI saccI mukti batAyA hai / jainendra ke anusAra bhAgya kA viSaya ta hai aura puruSAtha kA artha kevala zrama karanA hI nahI hai, varan zrama ke sAtha hI Izvara ke sahayoga ko bhI svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai / kevana puruSAya ko mAnane se vyakti me aha bhAvanA AtI hai / janendra sAhitya kSetra meM eka navIna moDa lekara praviSTa hue aura vaha navInatA sahaja hai, sAyAsa nahI / zreya aura preya me samanvaya, satya para AsthA, nArI kI udAttatA yAdi ke prati salagnatA bhI jainendra ka sAhitya meM nihita hai / saba milAkara jainendra na jIvana ko usake sampUrNa pariprekSya meM dekhane kI ceSTA kI hai / hindI ke aise pratiSThita aura ucca koTi ke vicAraka eva cintaka sAhityakAra kI kRtiyoM ko apane pratyayana kA viSaya banAkara DA0 ( zrImatI purI) kusuma kakkaDa ne ilAhAbAda yUnivarsiTI ke hindIvibhAga meM adhyayana kara jisa zodha-prabandha para DI0 phil0' kI upAdhi prApta kI, vaha jainendra- sAhitya ke adhyayana kI eka viziSTa kaDI hai / viduSI lekhikA ne jainendra-sAhitya kA marma pahacAnane kI prabhuta kSamatA kA paricaya diyA hai / mujhe AzA hI nahI, pUrNa vizvAsa he ki jainendra-sAhitya ke vidyArthiyoM ke lie unakI yaha pustaka atyanta upAdeya siddha hogI aura hindI ke niSpakSa sudhI Alocako ma unakI isa racanA kA Adara hogA / itanI sundara racanA ke lie, meM DAla ( zrImatI purI ) kusuma kakkaDa ko badhAI detA hU / lakSmIerre vAya prophesara eva adhyakSa, hindI - vibhAga, ilAhAbAda yUnivarsiTI

Page #14
prAkkathana parivartana sRSTi kA niyama hai / sRSTi ke AdikAla me prANimAtra kA jIvana jaisA thA, vaisA Aja nahI hai / sAhitya jIvana kI pratikRti hai| mAnava jIvana kI asphuTa aura anakahI bAte sAhitya me zabda aura vAkyo kI lapeTa me jIvana ko spandana aura sthAyitva pradAna karatI hai| bAsI hue vicAra aura ghisI-piTI mAnyatAe vAyavya me eka ghuTana sI utpanna kara detI hai / usa ghuTana se trANa pAne ke hetu chuTa-puTa jharokho se Ane vAlI svaccha vAyu kA praveza anivArya hai| ___mAnava jIvana me jaba kabhI sahaja gati se parivartana hotA hai to hame usakA AbhAsa bhI nahI milatA, kintu koI choTI-sI ghaTanA bhI jIvana me eka tUphAna lA detI hai / sAhitya meM bhI prAya yahI sthiti dekhI jAtI hai / pracalita mAnyatAoM ke viruddha eka navIna krAntikArI svara kA udghoSa karane kA dAyitva bhalA kauna le sakatA hai? vyakti paristhiti ko sadaiva vinata bhAva se svIkAra karatA rahA hai / kahAnI aura kisse kI purAnI paripATI, varNana aura camatkAra pradhAna thii| tilasmi aura aiyyArI ko pramukhatA dene vAlI racanAyo me mAnava jIvana kI satyatA ko udghATita karane kI kSamatA nahI thii| jisa kArya ko bhAratenduyugIna upanyAsakAro ne prArambha kiyA thA, use premacanda ne Age baDhAyA aura upanyAso ko jIvanadAyinI zakti pradAna kI, jisase vyakti ne sAhitya ke mAdhyama se apane hI jIvana kI jhAkI dekhane kA prayAsa kiyA / premacanda eka sahaja, sIdhI lakIra para calate hue sAhitya-jagat me avatIrNa hue| unake pAtra va unakI bhAvAbhivyakti kI bhASA itanI sulajhI aura spaSTa thI ki unhe samajhane me hame tanika bhI kaThinAI nahI huI aura janamAnasa sahaja hI usa navInatA ke tala me vibhora ho utthaa| usake samakSa jIvana AdarzarUpa me prastuta huA / premacanda kI racanAo ko samajhane ke lie pAThaka ko apanI ora se koI joDa-toDa nahI karanI pddii| mAnava sadA se hI Adarza priya rahA hai| 'vaha kyA hai ?" se Upara 'kyA honA cAhie ?' ke lie prayatnazIla rahatA hai / mAnava prANI prAdarza kI nirdoSa pratimA banane me sadaiva apanI nijatA kA

Page #15
niSedha karatA huA apane sAtha chala karatA rahA hai / 'cAhie' se yAda hai, kintu 'kyA he' se yathArthatA ke darzana hote he / gAnava svabhAva he ki vaha panI saccAI ko pUrNata udghATita nahI karanA cAhatA / ko saccA kA ThatA jenendra kA sAhitya vyakti ke chata aura mithyAvAda kA sAphA kara detA he / vyakti ko bhare samAja me udhAra kara baThA kara detA hai| vaha saccAI ko mana hI mana svIkAra karatA huA bhI spaSTa gandI ma svIkAra karane kA sAhasa nahI kara pAtA / apane panta sAhitya kI bhUmi me prakaTa huA dekhakara vaha lekhaka ke prati ut he / 'khisiyAnI billI kI bhAti tilamilAyA huA mAvocaka lekhakahI lAchita karate lagatA hai / isa prakAra sAhityakAra ke pati saccA nyAya nahI ho pAtA / jaba taka sAhitya me abhivyakta satyatA ko apane jIvana se pAgasAt karake nahI dekhA jAtA, taba taka usake sambandha meM sahI nirNaya sava nahI ho sakatA / premacanda ke bAda sAhitya jagat meM jainendra ke padArpaNa karata hI hA cala - sI maca jAtI hai / jainendra sAhitya jagat meM eka tUphAna ke sAlo hue| jainendra ne jAna bUjhakara premacanda kI mAnyatAo kA samA nahI kiyaa| sAhitya meM unakA praveza sahaja rUpa ga hI huA thA tathApi usakI off / yAsvarUpa sAhitya jagat eka navIna bhAva-dhArA kA gavAra hA / nendra dvArA grahIta navInatA yadi vaicArika hI hotI to sambhavata use zabdo ke mAnyama sa samane me suvidhA ho sakatI thI kintu unhone patI bhAvAbhivyakti se TeDhe-meDhe mArgoM se kI hai ki vaha sAmAnya sAhitya pani ke lie dUra pratIta hotI hai / unake zabda sUcaka mAna hai / bhAva zabdo se pAra hai| kintu gAga kI kaThinAI se ghabar3Akara gantavya ko nirarthaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / yI yaha satya hai ki jainendra kI dArzanikatA ne eka aura yadi viSaya ko rUha banAyA hai to manovijJAna kI sakarI galI meM vaha praspaSTa bhI ho gayA hai / zabda ke prayoga ke sambandha se bhI jainendra itane mitavyayI hai ki prAya kucha prazakhakara zepa ke lie ityAdi se hI kAma calA lete hai aura bhAvo kI sthiti to ve prAya mauna hI ho jAte hai / pAThaka becArA sira bAra-bAra samajhane kI ceSTA karate hue bhI pAya saphala hI rahatA hai | kintu jise hama jainendra ke sAhitya kI jaTilatA samabhate haiM, vaha hamArI apanI hI samatA hai / hama rAjamArga para calane ke itane asta ho gae mArgoM para calanA hame acchA nahI lagatA kintu gArga kI jaTilatA ke kAraNa sAhitya meM bhUta satya rUpa gantavya kA niSedha nahI kiyA jA sakatA / le pITa kara raha jAtA hai| / yaha

Page #16
jainendra ke pUrvavata sAhityakAro ne satya kI abhivyakti kA sAhasa hI nahI kiyA thA, kintu jainendra ne sarvaprathama mAnava AtmA me nihita satya ko spaSTarUpa se vyakta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / jainendra ne vyakti ko usakI samagratA meM svIkAra kiyA hai / usame yadi devatva hai to dAnavatva bhI hai / eka ke niSedha mora dusare kI svIkRti se vyaktitva me pUrNatA nahI prA sakatI / sRSTi ke mUla stambha 'strI-puruSa' kI samasyA ko uThAkara jainendra ne sAhitya jagat meM eka navIna kintu zAzvata satya kA udghATana kiyA hai / inakI dRSTi me vyakti kI samasta kriyAzro kA utsa 'graha' hai / 'graha' visarjana hI unake sAhitya kA mUla svara hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me abhivyakta kAma bhAvanA phrAyaDa kI manovizleSaNAtmaka dRSTi se pRthak hai / jainendra acetana mana ko 'damita vAsanA' kA pujana mAnakara 'bhagavattA' kA kendra mAnate hai / unake pAtra bhoga se yoga kI ora unmukha hote hue dRSTigata hote hai / jainendra ke sAhitya kA satya 'visarjana' aura 'aikya' me hI prantarbhUta hai / sampUrNa sAhitya inhI do AdhAra - binduo ko lekara caritArtha huA hai / prAdhyAtmika stara para graha arthAt praza kA brahma prarthAt pUrNa ke samakSa visarjita honA tathA sAnnidhya sthApita karanA hI unake sAhitya kA lakSya he / dveta lokika satya hai, dvaita antima satya hai / mAnava jIvana kA uddezya dvaita se pradvaina kI prora unmukha honA hai / jainendra ne jIvana kI cirantana samasyAo ke pratirikta zAzvata satyo para bhI prakAza DAlA hai / Izvara, grAtmA, janma, mRtyu, bhAgya, punarjanma Adi bhI unakI carcA aura cintana ke viSaya rahe he / jainendra kI prAstikatA satya arthAt Izvara ko tarka dvArA siddha karane meM asamartha hai / jainendra ne bAhya jIvana kI paristhitiyo aura dvandvo kA bhI apane sAhitya me citraNa kiyA hai / unakI dRSTi meM dvandva kA kAraNa bAhya pariveza me na hokara antarmana meM hI sthita hotA hai / jainendra ke jIvana-darzana kA vivecana karate hue unakI kahAniyoM aura upanyAso ke sAtha hI nibandho dvArA bhI unake vicAro kI puSTi kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / unake saiddhAntika vivecana kA kSetra itanA vRhat hai ki use choDakara unake cintana kA pUrNa paricaya prApta karanA asambhava hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me jahA kahI vicAragata virodhAbhAsa dRSTigata hotA hai, vaha unake nibandho ke dvArA sahaja hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai| ataeva jainendra ke vicAro kI satyatA ko jAnane ke lie unake upanyAsa aura kahAniyo ke sAtha hI sAtha unake nibandho tathA praznottara rUpa me saMgrahIta vicAro ko bhI jAnanA anivArya hai /

Page #17
vyakti kA jIvana pariveza aura saskAro kI samaSTi hai / usake sampUrNa vyaktitva para paramparAgata saskAro ora paristhiti kA prabhAva paDanA anivArya hai| jainendra kA vyaktitva unake saskAro ora pariveza kA hI yoga he / unakA janma savat 1950 me koDiyAgaja (alIgaDha) me huA thaa| janma ke do vaSa bAda hI pitA kI mRtyu ho gaI, ata unakA sArA bhAra mA ramA devI bAI tathA mAmA mahAtmA bhagavAnadIna para paDA / mAmA ke dvArA sthApita gurukula meM hI inakI prArambhika zikSA huI thI / vahA kA vAtAvaraNa bahuta hI zuddha aura dhArmika thA / jainendra para isa vAtAvaraNa kA bahuta adhika prabhAva paDA / eka bAra to ve 'bAhubalI' kI kathA sunate-sunate ro paDe the| usa samaya ve isa kathA se itane prabhAvita hue ki prAge isI nAma se eka kahAnI bhI likhI / mahAtmA bhagavAnadIna atyadhika tyAgI aura aparigrahI purupa the / isakA pratyakSa pramANa hame 'kAzmIra kI yaha yAtrA' me dekhane ko milatA hai / jainendra ke sAhitya para unake jIvana kI ghaTanAo tathA mA ora mAmA ke saskAro kA prabhAva spaSTata lakSita hotA hai / svadharma (jainadharma) ke prati AsthA tathA IzvarIya vizvAsa unhe apane saskAro se hI prApta huA hai| jainendra ke sAhitya-sRjana kI ora unmukha hone kA kAraNa svecchita na hokara Antarika aura bAhya jIvana kI vivazatA ora abhAva hI hai| bAhya jIvana kI bekArI aura Arthika sakaTa tathA prAntarika prabhAva ke kAraNa unake mana kI pIDA adhikAdhika ghanIbhUta hotI gii| aise me mana ke bojha ko lekhanI dvArA kAgaja para utArane me unhe caina milA / vastuta prAntarika uphAna ko zAnta karane ke prayAsa me anAyAsa hI sAhitya-sRjana kI yaha prakriyA hAtAntara me unake lie anivArya ho gaI / samaya-samaya para vibhinna patra-patrikAo kI mAga tathA reDiyo para prasArita hone vAle unake dhArAvAhika upanyAso kI mAga ne unhe lekhana-kArya ke lie vivaza kara diyA / jainendra ke dvArA 'apanI kaiphiyata' se jJAta hotA hai ki ve kabhI bhI svecchA se likhane ke lie pravRtta nahI ho sake hai| prArambhika avasthA me kabhI-kabhI unhone (sAhitya-racanA dvArA) Arthika sakaTa meM trANa pAne ke hetu sAhitya-racanA kI aura usase prApta hone vAlA tAbha hI unake sAhitya kA zreya thA, kintu bAda ke upanyAsa--sukhadA', 'vivarta', 'anantara', aura kahAniyA to mAno unake sira caDhakara hI likhavAyI gayI hai / kahAnI aura upanyAsa kI bhAti nibandho ke kSetra me bhI unakI yahI sthiti dekhI jA sakatI hai| jaba praznakartA kAgaja-kalama lekara unake pIche paDa jAtA hai to unhe vivaza hokara uttara dene hI paDate hai| isa prakAra se eka-do nahI aneko sagraha taiyAra ho gaye hai| 'samaya aura hama' jaise vRhad dArzanika grantha ko aThAraha

Page #18
mAha taka ke anavarata praznottara kI prakriyA dvArA hI pUrNa kiyA jA sakA hai| 'sunItA' likhane ke bAda to ve dasa varSa taka mauna rhe| kintu sAhitya kA bhAgya thA ki jainendra phira se jAge aura pariNAmasvarUpa 'sukhadA', 'virvata', 'muktibodha' Adi jaisI mahattama kRtiyA upalabdha huI / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jainendra kI cintana aura lekhana-kSamatA kuNThita nahI huI hai| uname vahI jIvatatA Aja bhI banI huI hai, jo ki unakI prArambhika racanAo me dRSTigata hotI hai| 'kalpa' pAkSika patrikA ke dvArA bhI jainendra ke vicAro ke samparka meM Ane kA saubhAgya mila rahA hai| aba unake jIvanadarzana kA abhinava saskaraNa- 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAnta' ke nAma se prakAzita hone me pAyA hai / isame jIvana, siddhAnta aura jIvana vyavahAra se sambandhita 450 prazna hai, usame jIvana ke cirantana prazno ke sAtha hI AdhyAtmika aura zAzvata prazno ke samAdhAna bhI prApta hote hai / sama-sAmayika rAjanItika sthitiyo ke sasparza ke kAraNa atyAdhunika sthitiyo para bhI prazna kie gae hai / jainendra se sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para uparokta aprakAzita pustaka kI jAnakArI prApta huI thI aura zrI pradIpa bhAI kI kRpA se pustaka kI Takti pratiyo ke adhyayana karane kA saubhAgya bhI prApta huaaa| isa kRpA ke lie mai unake prati atyadhika AbhArI huu| samayAbhAva ke kAraNa mai sUkSmarUpa se usakA adhyayana to na kara sakI kintu jitanI suvidhA upalabdha ho sakI usake anusAra mai isI niSkarSa para pahucI hU~ ki 'samaya aura hama' se 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAnta' me bhinnatA hai| yaha bhinnatA jainendra kI abhivyakti-kSamatA meM vizeSa rUpa se dRSTigata hotI hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki 'samaya aura hama' me jo RjutA, kliSTatA aura baudvikatA ke kAraNa zuSkatA A gaI thI, jisake kAraNa vaha korA vaicArika grantha pratIta hotA hai, vaha abhAva 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAnta' me nahI raha gayA hai| prastuta pustaka me lekhaka kI hArdikatA, bhAva-snigdhatA tathA abhivyaktigata spaSTatA tathA anubhUtigata gaharAI pUrNatayA dRSTigata hotI hai| uparokta vRhad jIvanadarzana ke atirikta 'vRta vihAra' bhI prakAzita kRti hai, jisame jIvana ke jvalanta prazno para jainendra ke vicAra samAviSTa hai| 'tyAgapatra' ke nAyaka kI agalI kahAnI bhI 'anAmasvAmI ke nAma se 'kalpa' pAkSika patrikA me dhArAvAhika rUpa me chapa rahI hai| jainendra ke 'jIvanadarzana' para kArya karate hue sadaiva unake darzana kI tIvra utkaNThA mana me banI rahatI thI, kintu paristhitivaza saubhAgya nahI mila pAtA thA / parantu jaba zodhanibandha lagabhaga samApta ho rahA thA, taba unake darzana kI AkAkSA kA lobha savaraNa na ho sakA aura 17 maI kI zAma ko unake darzana kI abhilASA pUrNa

Page #19
huii| unase milane ke pUrva mana eka ajJAta bhaya se grasta thaa| unakI variSThatA tathA vayovRddhatA ke kAraNa aisA pratIta hotA thA ki sara bhavata ve merI pratpabuddhi kA AbhAsa pAkara mujhe apanI samasyAno kA samAdhAna prApta karane kI chUTa na de ? kintu unake vyaktitva ke prabhAva ne mere bhayara pI kohare ko kSaNa bhara me hI vilIna kara diyA / me unake samakSa ratanI prAtgIya ho gaI ki jisakI ki mai kabhI kalpanA bhI nahI kara sakatI thii| pAna dina taka lagAtAra mai pAca-cha ghaNTo taka pratidina prazna karatI aura veba sneha ke sAtha mere pratyeka prazna kA uttara dete / unake sambandha meM mere mana meM eka yaha bhI bhaya thA ki kahI unhone mere prazno ke uttara apanI prakRti ke anukUla kevala 'hA' me hI die to kaise bAta spaSTa hogI ? parantu prAzA ke viparIta unhone hara samasyA ko bhalI prakAra sulajhAne me sahayoga diyaa| kaI bAra mere santuSTa na hone para ve tanika bhI ruSTa na hote the aura apanI bAta ko baDe hI mahaja Dhaga ge mpATa karane kA prayAsa karate the| jainendra se milane para unake sAhitya kI kucha bahucalita iit prAra upangAso me jo vivAda pracalita hai, una para bhI carcA haI aura hAna unakA santoSajanaka samAdhAna kiyaa| isI avasara para mana unako rAma / ra jJAsA vyakta kI ki kyA ve nikaTa bhaviSya me koI upanyAsa nilaMga / sambandha meM unhone yahI vicAra vyakta kiyA ki ve svecchA ma to kabhI likhate nahI hai, jaba kahI se jora paDatA hai, tabhI unake bhItara vyApta dvandva racanA kA sapa dhAraNa kara letA hai, tathApi unhone yaha avazya batAyA ki 'antatti ko lekara upanyAsa likhane kI bAta mana meM uThI thI jo mana se savathA dUra raho / icchA mana meM hI raha gaI, bAhara udbhAsita na ho skii|' unhone eka bahu kAla se icchita viSaya para upanyAsa racanA kI apanI icchA prakaTa kI thI / vipaya kA sAra hai ki-'artha vinimaya hI yadi dhanArjana kA mAdhyama ho to antata vezyA kA sthAna vaizya se UcA honA cAhie / ' uparokta viSaya ko lekara ye vaizyo ke prati apane prAkoza tathA vezyA banI vivaza nArI ke pati apanI savedanA ko hI vyakta karanA cAhate hai| zradveya jainendra jI se vidA kA vaha kSaNa to mere mana kI pIThikA para vaha amiTa chApa choDa gayA hai jo avismaraNIya hai / asvastha hone ke anantara bhI ve dvAra taka mujhe pahucAne Ae aura bar3e pyAra se beTI ke sadRza vidA kiyaa| ma unake prati apanI zraddhA aura AbhAra ko zabdo dvArA vyakta kara santuSTi nahI pA rahI huuN| mai vinata bhAva se unake prati AbhArI huuN| sarvaprathama mai usa parama pitA ke prati natamastaka hai, jisakI anukampA meM paga

Page #20
paga para mujhe gurujano aura snehiyo kA sahayoga prApta hotA rahA hai| tadanantara mai apane parama pUjya phAdara DA0 kAmilabulke ke prati apanI hArdika zraddhA ke zabda-puSpa arpita karatI hai, jinakI snehayukta preraNA aura sahayoga mujhe varadAna sidva huii| apane nirdezaka DA0 mohana ,vasthI ke prati mai hRdaya se AbhArI hU~, jinhone nirantara merI sahAyatA kii| mai vibhAgAdhyakSa, zradveya DA0 ladamIsAgara vASrNeya ke prati atyanta kRtajJa hUM, jinhone mere viSaya kA cunAva karake mujhe apanA amodha sahayoga pradAna kiyaa| hindI sAhitya sammelana tathA kendrIya pustakAlaya se mujhe pustako kI paryApta mahAyatA tathA anya suvidhAe adhyayana sambandhI prApta hotI rahI hai, mai una adhikAriyo ke prati AbhArI huuN| mai apane paramapUjya pitA jI ke prati kina zabdo me apanI zraddhA vyakta karU , jinakI mahata preraNA hI mere zodha-kArya ke prAdi se iti taka chAyI rahI aura yaha prastuta zodhaprabandha ekamAtra unhI ke AzIrvAda ke phalasvarUpa prakAzita ho pA rahA hai| anta me mai zrI rAmahita tripAThI, hindI TavAka ke prati AbhArI hU jinhone mere zAdha prabandha ko baDe hI AtmIya bhAva se zIghrAtizIghra Takita kiyA hai| (kusuma kavakaDa)

Page #21

Page #22
pariccheda-1 jainendra ke jIvana-darzana kI bhUmikA darzana kyA hai? ___"sAdhAraNa bhApA me 'darzana' kA artha hai 'dekhanA' dArzani pani pA kA uddezya samasta brahmANDa ko eka sAtha dekhanA athavA sampUrNa dRSTi pArata karanA kahA jA sakatA hai|" dArzanika kA lakSya satya kA mAdazAtkAra karanA hai| satya kA sAkSAtkAra karane ke prayatna me hI dArzanika sAdhaka athapATA baga jAtA hai| baha vastu kA vAhya-nirUparaNa athavA mUtyAphana nahIM krtaa| vaha to AdhyAtmika ora bhautika jagata me antarbhata azya satya kI khoja karane kA prayatna karatA hai| isa dRSTi se eka AsthA-paraka prAdhyAtmika vyakti bhI dArzanika ho sakatA hai aura vijJAna ke sahAre bhautika satya kA anvepaNa karane vAlA vaijJAnika bhI dArzanika ho sakatA hai / kyoki satya se kucha bhI bahirgata nahI hai aura satya kI khoja karanA hI dArzanika kA pramukha katavya he tathApi vaijJAnika aura AdhyAtmika vyakti kI prakriyA me antara hai| yaha antara prArambhika stara para vizeparUpa se draSTavya hai, kintu jaba vaijJAnika satya ko vAhya indriyo ke mAdhyama se na jAnakara atavRSTi, sabuddhi se jAnane kA prayAsa karatA hai, taba vahI vaijJAnika dArzaniko kI zreNI me A jAtA hai| vaijJAnika mabuddhi ke dvArA prApta jJAna kA buddhi ke AdhAra para vizleSaNa karatA hai / prajJA ko 1 DA0 devarAja 'bhAratIya darzana zAstra kA itihAsa', pra0 sa0, 1941, ilAhAbAda, pa0 166 / /

Page #23
18 jeneta kA jIvana-darzana vasturUpa pradAna karane ke prayatna me taka ora buddhi kA poza ho jAnA svAbhAvika hai / nyUTana ko sabuddhi ke prAvAra para gurutvAkApaNI zazita nA bodha prApta huA thA kintu buddhi ke dvArA usane gagana gibAta kA vinAma kiyA thA / vijJAna aura dazA me yahI m| bheda hai ki jnyaani| gaga ko Azika rUpa me athavA khaNDa-khaNDa karake dekhatA hai, for dAI / / gAya kA samagra rUpa me sAkSAtkAra karatA hai| bhAratIya Rpi ora sAcA pA se unhone sAdhanA kI carama siddhi para par3acaka ra mantra kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA yA antanayano se darzana kiyA thA, isalie usa satya kA jo sapa upasthita kiyA hai use darzana kahanA ucita hI hai|" bhAratIya dazana aura pAzcAtya philAsaphI me antara hai| bhAratIya dArzanika Atmazudvi ke mAga se hI Atma sAkSAtkAra kA prayatna karatA hai| pAzcAtya dAzaniko ne prAtmazudvi ko prazraya diyA hai / uhone taka kI tulA para apanI mAnyatApro kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| vastuta philAsaphara ko prA gA vi piNa pradhAna hotI hai aura dAzanika kI padvati maraNAgaka' / bhAratIya dArzanikA ne taka ke AdhAra para matya kA pratipAdahI yA va pApA aura vizvAsa ke prAcAra para matya kA mAkSAtkAra kiyaa| bhAratIya pAyanitA kA lakSya gatya ke bodha dvArA mokSa kI prApti karanA hai| darzana zAstra kA kArya mAnava jIvana kI sApekSatA meM pitA hotA hai / jIvana kA koI bhI aisA kSetra nahI hai, jisakA dAni / vijana sabhavana ho sake / mAnava jIvana kI samagratA kA bodha prApta karane ke forv usama vividha rAjanaitika, sAmAjika, dhArmika prAdi pahaluo kA apayana anibAya hai, kintu vizudva dArzanika aura sAhityika dArzanika kI pratiyA meM mannata antara dRSTigata hotA hai| 10 devarAja ke anusAra dazana zArana kI zelI gAhitya se bhinna hai / kavi, upanyAsakAra jIvana para vicAra karane meM kisI niyama kA pAtana nahIM krte| dAzanika cintana niyamAnumAra hotA hai| mAhityakAra kisI vastu yA vyakti ke indriyagamya vAhA agA ko hI apane vivecana kA viSaya nahIM banAtA varan vastu aura vyakti ke mana ma antaniSTha AtmA ko samajhane kA prayAsa karatA hai / apane isa prayAga meM hI vaha apanI dAza nika dRSTi kA paricaya dene meM samartha hotA hai| jainendra ne apanI aprakAzita pustaka 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAta' meM 'dazana' 1 DA0 devarAja 'bhAratIya darzanazAstra kA itihAsa', pR0 1 / 2. DA0 devarAja 'bhAratIya darzanazAstra kA itihAsa', pR0 18 /

Page #24
jainendra ke jIvana-darzana kI bhUmikA ke sabadha para kie gae vivecana me darzana ko sabuddhi pradhAna hI mAnA hai| jainendra kA samagra sAhitya unakI antazcetanA kA hI pratiphala hai| unake sAhitya me dArzanikatA kI jo jhalaka dRSTigata hotI hai, usame unakI AsthA aura hArdikatA hI antarbhUta hai / unake sAhitya kA avagAhana karane meM yaha vidita hotA hai ki sAhitya-sRjana ke hetu unakA pamukha prAdarza satya ke sAtha sAkSAtkAra karanA rahA hai / satya AtmA me hai / darzana zAstra kA uddezya satya ke prati vyakti kI jijJAsA ko zAnta karanA hai / janendra dArzanika hone ke sAtha hI sAtha sAhityakAra bhI hai| satya to yaha hai ki ve lekhaka hone ke kAraNa hI dArzanika ke rUpa me jAne jA sakate hai / ataeva unakI jijJAsA sUkSma satya ke sAtha jagat me vyApta sthUla athavA vyAvahArika satya kA anubhava karane ke lie prayatnazIla rahI hai / jainendra kA samagra sAhitya satya kI khoja aura usakI abhivyakti kA hI pratiphala hai| ___'darzana' zabda svaya me itanA gUDha aura gambhIra bhAvabodhaka banA diyA gayA he ki usake uccAraNa mAtra ke tad sthita viSayagata jATilatA ora tAtvikatA sahaja hI mAnaga-paTala para akita ho jAtI hai| sAmAnyata logo kI yaha parikalpanA rahI hai ki dArzanika jIvana kI sahajatA se parAGmukha hokara brahma, jIva, jagat aora mAyA Adi tAtvika viSayo para vicAra karane vAlA vyakti hai| usame mAnavIya prema, sahAnubhUti Adi kI bhAvanAe suptaprAya rahatI hai, kintu dArzanika ko eka nIrasa vyakti samajhanA tathA darzana ko jaTilatA pradAna kara agrAhya banAnA hamArI bhUla hai| pratyeka vyakti apanI bauddhika kSamatA ke anusAra samAra ke vaicitrya tathA prakRti kI virATatA me pratarbhUta rahasya ko jAnane kA prayAsa karatA hai| vyakti-bheda ke kAraNa dRSTi-bheda honA bhI svAbhAvika hI hai| jagat kI yathArthatA, Izvara ke astitva, jIvana ke dvandva ke sabadha me pratyeka vyakti kA apanA-apanA dRSTikoNa hotA hai / vastuta dArzanika koI viziSTa vyakti nahI hai / vaha bhI sAmAnya vyaktiyo ke sadRzya hI mAnava-samAja meM jIvana vyatIta karatA hai, samAja ke dukha-sukha se abhibhUta hotA hai / sAmAnya se sAmAnya vyakti kA jIvana ke sambandha me eka dRSTikoNa hotA hai, kintu sAmAnyata sabhI vyaktiyo ke dRSTikoNa me itanI prauDhatA nahI hotI ki ve sasAra ko apanI dRSTi dAna kara sake athavA unake vicAro se mAnava jAti ko eka navIna cetanA mila sake / dArzanika apane vicAro aura mAnyatApro ko suniyojita rUpa me vvakta karatA hai / ataeva dArzanika aura adArzanika ke madhya koI spaSTa sImArekhA khIca denA sambhava nahI hai| darzana jIvana ke prati eka viziSTa dRSTi kA

Page #25
janendra kA jIvana darzana motaka hai| kisI vyakti ke lie yaha kahanA ki vaha dAnikaha, gago zAni nahI hai, athavA terAka hai, vAzanika nahI hai, anucita pAra pAtA hai| mUlata pratyeka vyakti cAhe dApi ho yA mAniA, gato zAnige yA sAhityika, saba ke mUla meM mAnavIya sodanA pravAsI nagA / hai / jainendra kA vyavahAra-darzana vastRta jainendra dAzanika he yA rAya ? ma prazna kara vAda vivAda karanA nirAdhAra hai / jainendra ne jIvana ko usakI samagatA meM gamakA pArA kiyA hai| jIvana akhaNDa kAI se yaha sAhitya, manovijJAna mA, merA ta nahI hai, kevala hama apanI (anyayana kI) suvidhA ke vio ni / go meM vibhAjita kara dete hai / anya nA jIvana kI satyanA bora kI sampugatA me hI sulabha ho sakatA hai / janendra cAhe sAhityakAra ho agavA pAni , fair! una sabase pare vaha eka tyatti hai / unhona mAnava jIvana ke II ta - unake vyAvahArika dharAtala para rAmabhAne kA prayAga diyA hai| jAnI ' gA ke manthana se unhe pana nitAnta mAlikA pa. zaM athavA dAzanika hone kI sUcanA hai| pigo / gata mAga se pRthaka nahI hai, phina] sAhitya ke nAtA para ho rhition Dhaga hai, jo use paramparAgata mAga ma para pratiSThita karatA hai| saSTi kA zAzvata satya aparivatanI hai, InAgagA rane aura vyakta karane kI dRSTi me yugAnura pa parivartana hotA rahatA hai| jIva, jagata ke paraspara sabadha tathA unake rahasya ko samajhAna ko fir rAgAra se dUra nahI gae, varan pratidina ke jIvana me hI unhAna saya bt atta prayAsa kiyaa| mAnava-dhama kI virAT bhUmikA nA tahAne apane andAga na / se samajhanA cAhA hai| apanI aAntarika sahAnubhUti aura savedanA gog| unhone gambhIratA aura jaTilatA meM bhI saralatA tathA bhAvagata gamatAkA sanniveza kiyA hai| hindI-kathA-sAhitya ke kSetra meM muzI premcnd-kaa| me zAstyi jagata paramparAgata mAnyatAo, sAmAjika maryAdA, vizeSata premacandra kI sUcAravAdI pravRtti ke kAraNa atyadhika bAhyonmukhI ho gayA thaa| samAja aura usakI samasyA hI sAhitya kA mukhya viSaya thA, yadyapi urA yuga kI mAga / dAna hue premacanda kA sAhitya apanA advitIya sthAna rakhatA hai| unake upanyAgA me jana-jIvana ke ghAta-pratighAta, mamatA, sahAnubhUti, tyAga Adi mAnavIya gugagA kI utkRSTa abhivyakti huI hai, kintu jahA jIvana kA bAhya pakSa puSTa ho rahA

Page #26
janendra ke jIvana-darzana kI bhUmikA thA, vahI vyakti-cetanA kuThita hotI jA rahI thii| samAja me vyakti kI atazcetanA, pake mana me avasthita prema kI bhAvanA ko upanyAsa aura kahAniyo ke mAra.ma se pUrNata poSaNa nahI mila rahA thA / eka hI mana sthiti me bane rahane / sAhityika-pariveza ge navonmeva kA abhAva thaa| aisI sthiti menendra jI ne sAhitya ko, eka navIna svara hI nahI pradAna kiyA, varan unake paveza me lA.tya-jagat me eka -ntikArI prabhAva kI sthiti utpanna ho gaI sora rAmarata hindI kathA-sAhitya ne eka navIna karavaTa lI / janendra kI saganvayAtmaka dRSTi ne vijJAna kI vibhISikA se satrasta mAnava ko praddhA aura vizvAsa kA apUrva sambala pradAna kiyaa| unhone bhotikatA gaura mAdhyAtmikatA ke madhya sAmanjasya kI eka kaDI joDa kara mAnava-jIvana ko sArasatA kI ora unmukha kiyaa| jainendra jI.nAlagata praznoM ke samAdhAna jenendra kA sAhitya mAnava jIvana ke jvalanta praznoM kA samAdhAna prastuta karatA hai| nAtigika-pariveza me paramparAgata dArzaniko se pRthak unhone ki navIna piTa pradAna kI hai / sAmAnyata adhyAtmavAda aura bhautikatA ke 51 linAge meM vibhAjita karake dekhA jAtA hai| dono pRthak varga me baTa gaye hai, kinta jIvana kA satya vargoM meM vibhAjita hokara agrAhya ho jAtA hai| jainendra kI jIvana-dRSTi vizleSaNAtmaka na hokara sazleSaNAtmaka hai| vigraha me ekapadIya prabalatA dRSTigata hotI hai aura haThavAda ko prazraya milatA hai, kinA darzana kA T- ya ga gharSa mora vaimanasya na hokara prema aura svaya ko mulabhUta dRSTi pradAna karanA hai / mAmAnyata prAcIna dArzaniko ne bhautikatA aura adhyAtmikatA ke dvandva ke madhya kisI samanvayAtmaka mArga kI sthApanA nahI kI thii| gadyapi svAmI vivekAnanda ne isa kSetra me samanvaya kA prayAsa kiyA thaa| kintu unakA yogadAna sAmAjika pora rAjanItika kSetra taka hI sIgita thaa| jainendra ne sarvaprathama sAhitya ke mAdhyama se jIvana kI isa vizAla khAI ko pATane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| unhone vicAra aura vyavahAra me santulana rathApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA / darzana me vaicArika pakSa adhikAzata pradhAna rahA hai| zAstrIya rUpa me nIti aura upadeza kI bAte zAstro me kahI gaI thI, kintu uname nityaprati ke jIvana saMgharSa se trANa pAne kA vyAvahArika mArga nirdiSTa nahI kiyA gayA thaa| phalata vaicArika pakSa apanI zuSkatA ke kAraNa nIrasa aura jaTila hotA gyaa| aisI sthiti me sadA se upekSita vyavahAra pakSa para vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA pratIta huii|

Page #27
janan kA jIvana-darzana jenendrajI ke anusAra mAnava jIvana ke sarvAgINa vikAsa ke lie buddhi ke sAtha bhAvanA kA yoga bhI prativAya he / bhAvagata vyAvahArikatA me mAnava jIvana kA patyeka pahalU samAviSTa ho jAtA hai / sAja sa vaijJAnika yuga me ekodezI hAkara gantavya kI prApti karanA prasammA hai | nirI bhautikatA usI parasvapa se apUraNa hai, jaina zrAtmA ke samAna meM pAraNahIna zarIra kA grakapaNa / vastuta jainendra ne vijJAna aura pratyAtmavAda se sAmanjasya sthApita karake jIvana ke prati AsthA utpanna kI hai / yahI se jainendra ke jIvana-darzana ke mA tatva abhedatva athavA prativAda kA prArambha hotA hai / unakI prabhedAtmaka dRSTi sAhitya me vibhinna zandA rA jIvana ka vividha kSetro me abhiyakti pApta karatI hai / 22 jainendra ne jIvana ke mahatvapUrNa prazna kA samAdhAna prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA he / purA samAdhAna athavA praznAbhAva kI sthiti kA va nahI svIkAra karata, kyoMyi jIvana mananta sambhAvanAo se pUrA hai / usakI pragati kAla kI gananta vyApti taka sambhava hai / ata kAmI rAmAna samaya sApekSa hI hA sakatA hai sanAtana nahI / mAnava-jJAna zrau mAnava-paristhiti se sambandhita aneka prazno para vicAra aura jIna ke prati unakA dRSTikoNa vendra kA sAhitya unake jIvana sagharSa se udbhUta mAnasika gari hRdayagata pravRti kA hI pariNAma hai / ve apane jIvana kI chATI choTI gA se bhI grAtmavAna prApta karate rahe, use hI unhone kalpanA ke mahArahitya ke rUpa meM abhivyakta kiyA hai / unhAne 'sva' se pare para' kI sAkA apane jIvana meM DhAla kara apane bhAvo aura vicArA kA puTa kara yakta kiyA hai / jenandra na mAnava-karma ke dvArA usake mUla strAta kA pakane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / sAmAnyata ras jIvana kI ghaTanAo jAna ma phasakara unhI ke vivecana me apane karttavya kI itizrI samajhA hai, kintu jainendra ne pratyakSa nagata se apratyakSa kI ora athavA sthUla se kI prAra jAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / unhone jIvana kI samasta nepAyA ghaTanAcA ke samakSa eka praznacihna lagA diyA hai / kyA ? kaise ? kA prazna nirantara unake pravacetana meM ghumatA rahatA hai / unhone isa prakAra ke prazna ko spaSTa rUpa meM abhivyakta na karake saMketamAna meM kAma calAyA hai / jIvana-saritA ke mUla srota kA usa rUpa meM vyakta kiyA hai ki pAThaka anta meM sAvane kA vivaza ho jAtA hai ki aisA kyo ?

Page #28
jainenda ke jovana-dazana kI bhUmikA vastuta jainendra ne jIvana ke satya ko grahaNa kara use jIvana ke vividha kSetro me vyakta kiyA hai| jainendra jI ke anusAra vyakti kA aha usake jIvana kA vaha udgama-sthala hai, jahA se usake samasta vicAro, bhAvo ora AcaraNa ko dizA-nirdeza prApta hotA hai| (graha ke astitva-bodhaka artha meM adhika unhone usako 'mai' tathA 'para' ke dvandva rUpa meM vyakta kiyA hai / ) janendra ke sampUrNa sAhitya me aha kA vizad vivecana prApta hotA hai| vicArAtmaka nibandho se lekara adhikAza kahAniyo aura upanyAso me ahavisarjana kI samasyA mukhya rUpa se mukharita huI hai| jainendra ke jIvana aura sAhitya kA parama lakSya Atmotsarga hai / 'mai' bhAva kI atizayatA bheda-bhAva sUcaka he / kintu jainendra bheda me abheda kI khoja karate hai| unakI dRSTi meM abheda hI satya hai| 'mai' kA prAbalya vyakti-cetanA ko kuNThita kara detA hai jainendrajI ke anusAra ahabhAva ko surakSita banAe rakhane se vaha puSTa hI hotA hai, usakA vigalana nahI hotaa| ata ve 'maiM' ko vistAra dekara samaSTi me milA denA cAhate hai| vyakti kA sva-bodha itanA phaila jAya ki vaha svaya astitvahIna-sA anubhava kre| unakI kalpanA mAno bUMda ko sAgara kI yAnti me samA denA cAhatI hai| yadyapi samudra meM bU da kA astitva hI miTa jAtA hai, kintu jainendra astitva ko banAe rakhate hue vyApti kA bhAva utpanna karanA cAhate hai / jainendra ke jIvana-darzana kA prANa-tatva vyakti ke 'aha' meM nihita hai| sAmAnyata unake isa tAtvika dRSTikoNa ko samabhAne me loga bhrama me par3a gae hai aura apane bhramita dRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para hI jainendra ke kathA-sAhitya kI bhI AlocanA kI hai, kintu jainendra kI vicAradhArA mUlata bhinna hai| sAmAnyata Adhunika lekhaka aura vicAraka aha ko astitva-bodha tathA manovaijJAnika stara para grathi ke rUpa me lekara apane vicAro kI puSTi karate hai, kintu jainendra praha ko grathi nahI mAnate / grathi vikAra aura vyakti ke acetana me dabI huI pazutA kI sUcaka hai / manovaijJAnika mAnava-niyA kA preraka strota acetana mana ko mAnate hai| unake anusAra acetana me tyavasthita vyakti kI damita vAsanA hI unake kAryo kA pratinidhitva karatI hai| jainendra jI ke anusAra aha mUla pravRtiyo kA puja he / ' manuSya ke acetana mana me pApa nahIM, varan bhagavattA nihita hai| 1 2 jainendra kumAra 'samaya pora hama (1962)', pra0sa0, dillI, pR0 571 / "manuSya ke marmAtimarma me bhagavatta par3I huI hai aura jo aha ke eka-eka paTala ko bhedakara aura cukAkara bhagavatta bhAva taka pahuca pAtA hai| vaha prazatA se uThakara sarvatA ko prakaTa karane laga jAtA hai|" ---jenendra kumAra 'samaya aura hama', pra0 sa0, dillI, 1662, pR0 567 /

Page #29
jainendra kA jIvana-dazana gahantA zronmuga hue binA vyakti me pahammanyatA kI poSaka sidda hotI hai / aisI spiti dvandvAtmaka hotI hai| pratyeka ke graha ke madhya dvandva kI sambhAvanA utpanna ho jAtI hai, kintu bhagavatta kI ora unmukha hone se pahantA kA dvandva samApta ho jAtA hai| jana-7 ne bhAva kA jIvana ke vividha pariprekSya me vividha yo ro vya kiyA hai| jAnendrajI prakati ke kriyA-nAlApo meM eka mahat bhAvanA ne dadAna kAne / suga ke prakAza, vRkSa kI chAyA, dharatI kI zaraNa meM mAnava ke samakSa jo gAtA gAbhASaNa kA bhAva nihita hai, use mAnava-prANI nahIM samajha pAtA, phArA uge apanA kAkIpana bhArI lagane lagatA hai|' ekAkIpana se mAraNa pAne ke lie hI sabhe praha ko miTA dene kI bhAvanA jAgrata hu| barata jainenma ke agavAra paha visajana kI bhAvanA vyakti ke ekAkIpana se mukti prApta kana tathA samanaTa me 'rava' ko samAhita kara dene kI bhAvanA meM hI udbhUta hai| janendra ke phA-sAhitya meM prAtmotsaga kI bhAvanA "tane tyApaka rUpa meM 1 . janendra kA sAhitya unake prAtma-nisajana kA gAna gAthA pii| / / / patA hai| ratnaprabhA', 'gavAra' prora nAsapatI' yA palAniyA pAra pAne 5 gatane sAnta ho jAte hai ki yadi ' / - gAuna prerita na hA tA unakA jIvana patthara ko mAta / / samAna rogATa jAya ki usame puna jAne kI sambhAvanA hI na raha jAya / ki jo vigarjana kI bhAvanA unake pAtro ko TUTane nahI detI, ve apane jAnakAmaya banAkara samAja ke prAghAta-pratipAta kA gahakara prAyalita kadvArA gamati ke prati apane 'me' bhAva ko garmApata kara zunganata ho jAta / jIndra pAyadA gandarbho meM apanI ahatA ko vijita karane kI mAra unmuga hote hai to sAgAjika, sandabha me jahA unakA yaha 'para' ko pIDita karatA hai| ugame sva-hita nI bhAvanA pramukha hotI hai, dUsare vegakti stara para jisameM yakti ko apane 'ma' kA ekAkI bodha kaSTadAyaka pratIta hotA he 2 vaha 'sva' kA 'para' meM samAhita karane ke lie vikala hotA hai| dUsare 2.5 me unhAna strI-purupa ke sambandho ko liyA hai| strI apane strItva meM tathA pukAra prAna pala ma nitAta ekAkI tathA apUrNa hai| sI-pUrupa meM apane bhAva ko khAjatI hai, puruSa strI me pANa pAtA hai| janendra ke sAhitya meM yaha 1 pragAkara mAcave 'jainendra ke vicAra', (1937), bambaI, pR03 /

Page #30
jenendra ke jIvana-darzana kI bhUmikA 25 bhAvanA ardha nArIzvara ke rUpa me abhivyakta huI hai| 'phAsI', 'ekarasa' 'rAnI mahAmAyA' (pAna vAlA), 'dina, rAta, saverA' me sI-purupa kA ekAkIpana unhe nikSita kara detA hai| ve apane jIvana kI vyastatA me bhI mana kI pyAsa bujhAne kA mArga DhaDhate rahate hai| unake kArga-tyApAra me spaSTata isa pora saketa nahI milatA, kintu unake antas me vyApta abhAva tathA zungatA unheM anajAne hI apane gantavya kI aora unmukha karatI hai / dUsarI ora sAmAjika sandarbha me unake pAtra apane jIvana me bira se adhika kaSTa sahakara samAja kI magalAkAkSA me rata rahate haiN| 'tyAgapa:' kI mRNAla tathA 'kalyANI' me kalyANI pIDA ko sahakara hI svaya ko samAna ke prati samarpita karatI hai| yadyapi jainendra ne Atmotsarga ko jIvana kA samAH lakSya gAnA hai, kintu unake pAtro ke svAbhimAna ko koI Thesa nahI phctii| abhimAna payavA mahattA aura svAbhimAna me antara hai| jainandra ke pAna pIDA ko sahate hai, kintu apane vyaktitva para pAca nahI pAne dete / 'vaha rAnI' kahAnI meM yaha rAnI durbhAgya ke thapeDa khAtI huI kahA se kahA pahA jAtI hai, kintu apamAnita hokara apane premI kI sahAnubhUti nahI grahaNa kara gAtI / 'nAgapana' kI mRNAla bhI kama svAbhimAnI nahI hai| vaha jaja kI bunA hone ke kAraNa suruSa ro jIvana vyatIta kara sakatI thI, kintu vaha samAja kI dRSTi me kATA banakara apane prAtmAbhimAna ko khaNti nahI karanA cAhatI / nendrajI ne jIvana me jJAna aura zraddhA athavA buddhi praura bhAvanA ke ... 26 sAmanjasya sthApita karane lie aha visarjana ko anivArya mAnA hai| jAna athavA buddhi praha kI pratIka hai| usame vyakti kA Agraha nihita hatA he. kintu Agraha meM satya kA bodha nahI ho sktaa| Izvara ke pastitA na ho| ke lie tarkAzrita buddhi se pare hRdayagata zraddhA kI yAvazyakatA hai| jaba taka vyakti kA 'ga' prabala rahatA hai, taba taka vaha Izvara ke mamA samarpita nahIM ho sktaa| bhakti-bhAvanA isIlie Atma-nivedana pradhAna hAtI hai| naratta jainendra kI prAritakatA ke mUla meM bhI aha visarjana kI bhAvanA hI samAthI anendra ke pAlo kI jijJAsu pravRtti bhI unakI nirahakAritA kI prA' igita karatI hai| ve sadaiva svaya ko apUrNa tathA atRpta pAte hai| unage yaha cugotI nahI hotI ki unhone satya ko jAna liyA hai, varan ve yahI samajhate hai ki unake samakSa satya' aza rUpa me hI vyakta huA hai| vastuta ponenjI jIvana pora sAhitya me apanI nirahakAritA me nirantara pAritakatA kI ora unmukha hote rahe hai| jainendra kI nirahakAritA para mata khalIla jibrAna ne

Page #31
26 janandra kA jIvana darzana bhe vicAro kI jhalaka spaSTata dRSTigata hotI he / ' janendra ne graha visajana ke dvArA jIvana ke prati upekSaraNIya viSaya para vizeSarUpa se prakAza DAlA hai| rI-puruSa ke paraspara zrakaparaNa 7 bhUta unakI prAtma - virAjana kI bhAvanA hI vidyamAna hai |nendr vAmapanyAsakAra hai, jinhone strI-puruSa ke prAkRtika sambandha para vizada vivecana kiyA hai| sAmAnyata hama nara-nArI ko pati-patnI, bhAI-bahana, mAtA-pitA yAdi sambandhA ke sandarbha meM hI pahacAnate hai kintu unake mUla me jo nirguNanA niyaktika satya chipA huA hai, use nane kA prayAsa nahI karate / janena so kA usakI niktikatA prora guNahInatA me hI samajhane kI neSTA kI hai / sambhavata jainendra ne nirguNa rUpa svIkAra karate hue bhI jina vibhinna sambannA ko svIkRti pradAna kI hai, vaha usake rUpa ko sahaja grAtya tathA sugama nAne ke hetu ho kiyA hai / jisa prakAra nirguNa brahma kA sAkSAtkAra karitA nIrama mAga hai| binA indriyagocara hue Izvara kA svarUpa samabhanA prora usako bhakti prApta karanA durlabha hai / saguNa rUpa ke dvArA hI bhAvanA kA satopa prApta hotA hai / usI prakAra nendra jI ne zrI ora puruSa " niyatika rUpa kI spaSTatA kA dUra karane ke lie unheM vibhinna sAmAjika evaM pAri bArika sambandho meM prastuta kiyaa| sunItA me jenendra kI yaha mAnatA spaSTata parikSita hoto he | kintu unake vicArA kI motikatA gora navAvI puruSa kA unake prakRti rUpa se svIkAra karane meM hI hai / utA anusAra phudanva parivAra pITha khAte haiM, nAte-rizte, nAma-gota satra pocha prAta / jA sunItA ha sunItA hI hai, aura hariprasanna haripraganna hai / para yaha bhI vahI suganA 1 'kabhI yaha na kahanA mene samasta satya pA liyA hai, balki garna eka satya pAyA hai / ' -satIva mitrAna - di popheTa' (hindI anu0 'jIvana-darzana', satyakAma vidyAlakAra ), saMzodhita saMskaraNa, 1658, rAjapAla eNDa sasa, dillI, pa0sa058 / 'tuma zAyada strI ke hone ko isI taraha jAnate ho, jaise pradAya ke hone ko| strIkA 'strI' sajJA dekara puruSa ko na chuTakArA ke na hogA / use kucha na kucha aura bhI kahanA hogaa| mAtA kaho, bahina kahI, upapatnI kaho, premikA ko kucha na kucha apanApana jatalAe binA strI' majJA kA 7 prayoga karake usa nIndravyama chuTTI tumako nahI milagI / ' -jainendrakumAra, 'sunItA', dillI, 1664, 1015 /

Page #32
jainendra ke jIvana-darzana kI bhUmikA cAhie kI sunItA nAma ke saMgrahIta lAlitya ke bhItara vaha bhAva aura prakRti strI hai, umI bhAti dUsarA bhI apane nAma kI amidhA proDhakara basa parupa hai|" sRSTi ke prArambha me bhI strI-puruSa nAma aura vyaktitvahIna the| ve dono zArIrika tathA bhAvAtmaka dRSTi se svaya meM apUrNa hai| strI komA garago vA pratIka hai, puruSa kaThoratA kA pratIka hai| strItva me mAtRtva kI lAlasA he, puruSa apane dAna meM use santuSTa karatA hai| jainendra kI adhikAza kahAniyo ke nArI pAtro me mAtRtva kI utkaTa abhilASA hai| mAtRtva ke pUrva kI sthiti kAma pAra bhoga kI hai| jainendra kAma ko 'pApa' nahI samabhate / jenendra ke pUrvavartI lekhaka strI kI roma-roma me samAyI isa mAtRtva kI prAkAdA kI upekSA karate rhe| unhone satyatA kA nipedha karate hue use azlIlatA kA poSaka batAyA, kintu jainendra jIvana ke mUla satya ke prastutIkaraNa meM anaitikatA tathA azlIlatA ke dazana nahIM karate / kAma aura bhoga me sRSTi kI kAmanA nihita hai, to vaha kaime upekSaNIya ho sakatA hai| jainendra ke purupa-pAna apane aha ko vigalita karane ke lie strI ke prati prArthI rahe hai / ataeva mabhoga me vyakti kI mahatA kI hAra he / sampUrNa samarpaNa me bhagavat-bhAva nihita hotA hai / jainendra ke anusAra pUrNa samarpaNa ekamAtra Izvara ke prati hI sambhava ho sakatA hai| prata strI-pugae ke mammilana-bhAva ko bhUlakara advaita athavA avatA kI prApti dvArA hI kAma me mokSa tathA bhoga me yoga kI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai / vastRta jenendra phAyaTa ke mata ke samarthaka nahI pratIta hote / unhone svaya svIkAra kiyA hai ki 'saba ke mUla me phrAyaDa bAle kAma ko nAstika lophara meM kaise mAna sakUgA ?'' mUla saba kartRtva me, me usa parama tatva ko mAnatA ha, jisake lie hamAre pAsa Izvara jaise zabda hai| bhagavattA tathA prAtma-samarpaNa kI bhAvanA se sambandhita hokara hI ve kAma, prema, bhoga prAdi prakRta bhAvo ko ni sakoca rUpa me vyakta kara sake hai / chipAva tathA durAva me hI mana kA pApa chipA rahatA hai, jahA chipAva athavA bacAva ke lie kucha bhI zepa nahI raha jAtA, vahA pApa athavA anetikatA kI sambhAvanA hI nahI uThatI vaha sahaja aura svAbhAvika rUpa meM hI abhivyakta ho jAte hai / nagnatA me jo kAmodrega kI kSamatA hai, vaha strI kI sahajatA se udbhUta na hokara usakI pradarzana 1 jainendra kumAra sunItA, dillI 1964, pR0 136 / 2. jainendra kumAra kAma, prema aura parivAra', 1961, dillI, pR0 122 / 3 jainendra kumAra kAma prema aura parivAra', dvitIya sarakaraNa, dilI, 1661, pR0 124 /

Page #33
jainendra kA jovana-darAna ThAnI hai / me ho nihita rahatI hai / jainendra ke pAme nagnatA zarIra ke son gita karane ke lie na hokara sampUrNa samarpaNa ke rUpa me leka huI he / 'vikatA kA mAnada utanA sakIraNa nahI hai, sAi vivAdazavAdI dekho se dRSTigocara hotA hai / 'eka rAta' 'sunItA' upanyAsa meM unakI samarpaNa bhAvanA sI mahata bhAva se jevendra ke itihAsa pe vivAha ra prema kI samasyA bhI paryAka visphoTaka " me vyakta huI hai | jevendra ne vivAha ko sAmAjika vyavasthA kavi anivArya ma svIkAra kiyA hai / prema-vivAha unakI dRSTi meM gati papha siddha hotA hai / prema me dAyitva prathavA vivAha kI bAnyatA hI aa hai| patnI ramAtha-sAtha nadI ke do kinAro ke cavanA svAbhAvika hai| unake ganusAra- 'patnI ko kAmya zo yadi gAnA svIra to kisI-na-kisI tora mArga se A hI jAnA hai|' nema ke 28 bhAra vivAha kevala magAra meM praveza kA dvAra hai, use lApara mAnaka 1 vyakti ke prAkRtika pravAha meM gavarodha utpanna ho jAtA hai jisama same utpanna hone kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki tara pama ko sAmAjika dRSTi manucita nahI rAgayata / sot Adi samAja kI sImA me nahI kara sama gupta kAva he pIlie usama sAmAjika maryAdA kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| sana jijAna ne gI bhrama meM pArasparika svatantratA ko pranivAya gAnA hai | ga tupita ho jAtA hai / painendra khalI tahata dhika prabhAvita hai unakI jIvana, jagata jijJAna ke i kama sambanI para " 3 1 rumane ko sAno meM bATa diyA hai aura zarIra jahA sthita hA na pati ra pranupasthita hai vahA pavitA kI bhAvanA ko biThA diyA hai / ma jAnatA ki jo yadhUrA he vaha tRSNA he / ' -- jainendra kumAra 'kAma, prema aura parivAra', dillI, 1961 pra0 sa0 pR0 33 / janendra kumAra 10 26 / jainendra kumAra 4 1 taNA kAma, prema aura parivAra', dillI, 1961, pra0 sa0 'kAma, prema aura parivAra', dillo 1651, pra0 ga 50 110 / santa khalIla jibrAna 'jIvana-darzana' (di propheTa kA anuvAda) anu satyakAma vidyAlakAra, dillI, sazodhita sa0, 1658, pR0 16 /

Page #34
jainendra ke jIvana-darzana kI bhUmikA 26 galIta jinAna ke bahuta hI nikaTa pratIta hotI hai / jainenTa kA samprati sAhitya prema kI vyathA se hI itanA hRdayagrAhI bana sakA hai| unhone mAnava jIvana hI nahI pazu pakSI tathA jaDa prakRti ke kriyA-klApo me bhI antanihita unake prema hI gabhivyakti kI hai| pazu-pakSI me unhone mAnavIya mavedanA ko pratiSThita karake prema kA uccAdarza vyakta kiyA hai| 'eka gau' tathA 'do niDiyA' kahAnigo me gAtvika tathA romAnTika prema kI atyadhika mAmika gabhivyakti hai / ____onendra kI prAstikatA prema athavA zraddhA kA hI paryAya hai| paddhA hI unake vicAro ke mUla me avasthita vaha srota hai, jo unhe jIvana-yAtrA ke ananta kaSTo tathA nirAzA ke madhya AzA aura vizvAsa pI eka divyA dRSTi prAna karatI hai| vijJAna ke isa yuga me mAnava nitAnta zraddhAhIna ho gayA hai| ukI prAtma-zakti samApta prAya ho gaI hai| kikartavyavimUDha humA-sA paraga matya ko jAnane kI cepTA na karake nirarthaka kAryo me apanI urjA naSTa karatA hai| manendra ke anusAra vijJAna samaya kI AvazyakatA hai, kintu prArathA jIvana kA pAra hai| Izvara kI parama sattA meM vizvAsa karatA humA vyakti nAjIvana kaSTa gogA bhI nirAza nahIM hotA / pIDA me bhI ume IzvarIya baradAna kI ganubhUti hotI hai| ___o ke anusAra jIvana-sagharSa hai / sasAra yuddha-sthala hai / manuSya prativANa so gAya pora paristhiti ke thapeDo ko jhelatA hunA bhI apanI jIvana-yA ko pUrNa karane kA prayAsa karatA hai / unakI adhikAza kahAniyo bhAra upanyAgo me jIvana ko zahAdata prora yajJa ke rUpa me svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / 'kalyANI', 'jaya gaMga' Adi upanyAso me jIvana ke yajJa me svaya ko hutAzana vanA denA hI unA lakSya hai| jainendra ke samakSa gAdhI ora IsA kI kurbAnI hI vaha prAdarga rahI , jisake kAraNa unake pAtra sadaiva apane jIvana kA utsaga karane ko tatpara rahate hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me IsA ke jIvana kI pIDA ko mAnava jIvana ke mahAnatama Adaza ke rUpa me abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai / pIDA hI vyakti kI pU jI hai, jise apane antas me sajoe hue vaha jIvana-zakti kA 1 'prema na kisI para adhikAra jamAtA hai aura na svaya hI kisI se adhi vRta hai| 2 jIvana eka zahAdata hai| zAstra kahate hai yajJa hai|' -jainendra kumAra 'kalyANI', dillI, 1656, pR0 110 / 3 'jIvana hI jalanA hai|' vaha hai, yajJa me usase bacanA kyo cAhe / --jainendra kumAra

Page #35
jainendra kA jovana-darzana rasa grahaNa karatA hai, kyoki pIDA me hI prema ora 'para' ke pati mahAnubhUti kA bhAva samAhita hotA hai / pAtyANI', 'anantara', 'jayavardhana' Adi gabhI upanyAso me IsA kA yAdaza prastuta kiyA gayA hai / vastuta yadi jovana hai to yaha gagharSa hIna ho nahI mAtA / jenendra ke anusAra jIvana eka kaThora satya hai| vaha itanA sarala pora gukhamaya nahI hai, jitanA bA tyAkapaNa ka kAraNa patIta hotA hai|' tyakti jIvana meM saMgharSa karane kI icchA lekara maghapa-rata nahI rhtaa| saghaSa kI zakti prema me se hI utpatra hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainendra jIvana me sahane ko hI vama mAnate hai| bhagharSa karanA jIvana kA mAra nahI, varan joyana kI anivArya prakriyA hai / jainendra ke anumAra jIvana kA sAra-tatva prema hai| prema ke vazIbhUta hokara vyakti me apane ko 'para' se gadbhUta zakti udbhuta hotI hai| jainendra ke upanyAsa prora kahAniyo me jIvanagata saghapa kA jo rUpa dRSTigata hotA hai, vaha antas kI vyathA ke kAraNa hI matat gatizIta rahatA hai| 'kalyANI' aura 'maNAta' aisI nAriyA hai, jo prema ke tU jIvana me jUjhatI rahatI hai, kintu paristhiti meM parAjita hokara ve pI nahI haTatI / jIvanayAnA pUrA karatI hai| unhe aneo kATa gahane pA, kinlA vaha parAjita nahI hotii| anendra ke anUgAra jIvana kI sAthakatA usase nipaTe rahana gahI nahI hai| zahIda hI jindagI ke svAda ko samajha sakatA hai, jo gahue prANo kI prAhuti de detA hai| jIvana ke lipta rahane meM mauta kA bhaya nyakti kI pragati ko avagata kara detA hai, kyoki usake mana meM madaiva yahI kATA cubhatA rahatA hai ki kahI mauta usake jIvana ke sukha ko pala bhara meM samApta kara de| jainendra kI kahAniyo aura upanyAso me esI anekA ghaTanA bhATagata hotI he, jaba unakA pAtra svecchA se mRtyu kA Aligana karake apane jIvana ko gaphA banAte hai / 'phAsI' me zamazera apanI mAta dvArA jIvana ko arthavattA pradAna karatA hai / vaha mauta ko baDI cIja nahI mAnatA, kintu jIvana ke lie kabhIkabhI mRtyu kA grAligana zreyaSkara hotA hai| jainendra mota me jIvana kI yAtrA ko samApta huyA nahI pAte, kyoki jIvana to ananta yAtrA he / jainendra kA jIvana-yAdarza nitAnta vyAvahArika pratIta hotA hai| samAra 1. 'jIvana nirI mulAyama cIja nahI hai / vaha yuddha hai| jaba taka vyakti hai taba taka yuddha hai / vahA koI samajhotA nahI hai aura koI anta nahI hai|' - prabhAkara mAcave 'jainendra ke vicAra', pR0 66 / 2 jainendra kumAra 'vivarta', pra0 sa0 dillI, 1653, pR0 126 /

Page #36
jainendra ke jIvana-darzana kI bhUmikA me aise vyakti durlabha hI hoge jinake mArga me kaThinAjhyA AhA nahI / rAjamArga para calakara apanI jIvana-yAtrA sapanna karane vAle virako hI hote hai / jainendra ke anusAra "jinake mArga meM kaThinAiyA AtI hI nahI hai, saba sugamatA hI sugamatA rahatI hai, ve jIvana me bahuta dUra taka aura Uce taka nahI jA pAte / "dekhA jAtA hai ki kaThinAI aura avarodho ne hI amuka jIvana ke mArga ko dizA praura svarUpa diyA hai|" kaThinAiyo ko jhelate hue bhI jIvana-saritA satat pravAhita hotI rahatI hai| jainendra jIvana kI parivartanazIlatA me hI vizvAsa karate he, parAjita hokara jaDabaddha ho jAnA tathA pragati ko avaruddha kara denA ve ucita nahI samajhate / jainendra ke anusAra parivartana jIvana kA niyama hai| jIvana prema hai aura prema kA bhI niyama parivartana hai|' 'prema jIvana kA mUlAdhAra hai, ataeva jIvana me parivartana Avazyaka hai| prakRti parivartanazIla hai, samAja kI mAnyatA parivatanIya he to vyakti kA jIva na jaDa nahI ho sakatA / 'katyANI' me eka sthala para jainendra ne jIvana kI gatizIlatA para prakAza DAlate hue kahA he . "runAnA nAma jindagI kA nahI hai, jindagI nAma calane kA hai| jIvana meM sukha-duHkha, utAra-caDhAva Ate rahate hai, kintu jIvana kI yAtrA calatI rahatI hai| khinna hokara ruka jAnA jIvana kA prAdarza nahI hai| jainendra ne 'kalyANI' me kalyANI ke dvArA racita eka gadya-gIta me jisa baTohI kI kalpanA kI vaha apanI Antaya'thA ko sajoe ajJAta patha kI ora calatA jAtA hai| usakI vedanA ke mUla me prema kA svara dhvanita hotA pratIta hotA hai| vaha ekamAtra usI svara ke AkarSaNa para bhaTakatA huA calatA jAtA hai / vastuta jainendra ke jIvana kA pAdaza antas me prema kI lau ko jalAkara jIvana kI ananta yAtrA pUrNa karanA hai| viraha-vyathA se zakti udbhUta hotI hai| jainendra ne 'tyAgapatra' me jIvana me bUda-bUda risane vAlI vedanA kA jo rUpa prastuta kiyA hai, vaha jIvana ke sabadha me unake dRSTikoNa ko vyakta karane me pUrNata sahAyaka pratIta hotI hai| jainendra ke sampUrNa sAhitya kA AdhAra hai-vyathA / 1 prabhAkara mAcave 'jainendra ke vicAra', 1082 / 2 jainendra kumAra 'vivarta', dillI, pra0 sa0, 1653, pR0 70 / 3 jainendra kumAra 'kalyANI', pR0 5 / __ "mAnava calatA jAtA hai aura bUda-bUda darda usake bhItara ikaTThA hokara bharatA jAtA hai vahI sAra hai, vahIM jamA huA darda mAnava kI mAnasa-maNi hai| usake prakAza me mAnava vyakti-patha ujjavala hogaa|" --jainendrakumAra 'tyAga-patra', bambaI, pR0 45 /

Page #37
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana ke rasa se prAdra hokara hI unake pAna grapanI jIvana-zAnA sampanna kava hai| vendra praga aura vedanA ko jIvana kA prAdhAra mAnA hai / prema me vi sarasava nahI ho sakatA / vizeSaNa vijJAna kA niyama hai, kintu vendramanusAra jIvana ko gati sazveSaNAtmaka hai / vaha prema ke suna se samasta vidA ko detI hai / dveta bhAva miTa jAtA hai / vijJAna meM heta hI pradhAna nahI hogA varan jIvana vibhinna zAkhAzro pratizAkhAprA meM vibhAjita ho jAtA he, kenusAra jIvana ko vAstavikatA usakI samagratA se svIkAya I rAtI hai| jarA pUraNa kA pratIka nahI bana sakatA / ' " nevA rAjanIti, samAjagAstra, manovijJAna ra darzanazAstra mAnava jIvana kI vividha paristhitiyoM kA vyApaka "yayana liyA pAdi viSaya svayaM nirapekSa rUpa se jAne jAte hantu javena zrapane sAhitya meM unheM vyakti kI sApekSatA me vivecita kiyA hai| vyakti kA jIvana yAsna, samAjazAstra, jIva-vijJAna yA maTara hai | sabhI zAra ekadUsare se saranti ke kiA viSaya gAnava jIvana, mAnava paristhiti banA gAnava jIvana sa hI hai| sAhitya mAnava jIvana kI sadanAtmaka pani pakti hai / pata sAhitya me jIva vijJAna, grartha, dharma, samAja, rAja aiti vivacana zrAvaNa he | vicinnA yA mAsika " jainendra kA sAhitya jIvana kI vyApakatA ko svarA meM samAhita karake yugaata tathA yuga kI vividha samasyAo ko vivecita karane meM vaha vika sahAyaka rahA hai / janendra ke upanyAsa aura kahAniyoM meM jo vyakti netanA viSTi meM mukharita huI hai, usakA preraka tatva unakA yugannA hI hai / yaha satya hai ki upanyAsa ora kahAniyoM meM unhoMne apane sAsa-pAsa kI baTanAyA kI honA kA sparza dekara varita kiyA hai, kintu unake vinArAtma / nibandho me unakI dRSTi kI vyApakatA yuga bola ke prati jAgarukatA kA paricaya milatA hai / unakA yuga-bodha pustakIya jJAna tathA sakiya kAryoM kA pariNAma na kara svAnubhava para AdhArita hai / yaha satya he ki jainendra kI rAjanItika cetanA, sAmAjika jAgarUkatA unake jIvana ko saceSTa nahI banA sakI unhAna paristhitigata pranubhava ko sAhitya ke dharAtala para apane vicArA kA kovara pahanA kara prastuta kiyA hai / 1 jainendra kumAra 'samaya aura hama', dillI, 1962, pra0sa0, pR0157-58 / 32

Page #38
jainendra ke jIvana-darzana kI bhUmikA jIva vijJAna mAnava jIvana kA prArambhika jJAna hame jIva-vijJAna ke dvArA hI prApta hotA he / jIva kI utpatti ke anantara hI samAja, dharma, artha Adi kI samasyA udbhUta hotI hai / prataeva jIva-vijJAna vaha prArambhika adhyAya hai jo hame jIva aura vizeSata mAnava prANI ke vikAsa kA bodha karAtA hai / 33 DArvina pazu yoni se jIva-vijJAna kA Arambha mAnate hai / ve vikAsa kA prArambha pazutA se karate hai, kintu jainendra jIva vaijJAnika nahI hai, varan dArzanika hai ataeva ve vikAsa me bhI satya kI khoja karate he / jainendra ke anusAra vikAsa kI uparokta sthiti sthUlata sAmAjika aura satya hai, kintu pazutA se aura gahare jAya to antima prAdhAra me divyatA prApta hogI / vikAsa kA siddhAnta utane Age nahI jAyagA / pariNAmata manuSya ko mUlata pazu mAna liyA jAtA hai / jabaki jainendra kI mAnyatA ke anusAra pratyeka prANI aura manuSya to aura bhI vizeSata divya ke AkarSaNa se mukta nahI ho sakatA / jainendra ke anusAra hisA kI jaDa me bhI savedanA hai, vastuta mUla me divyatA hI hai / jainendra ne vikAsavAda me, pazutva ke mUla me, devatva ko hisA me grahisA kI sthiti ke prAdhAra para spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / unake pranusAra grahisA ke prAdhAra ke binA hisA bhI nahI ho sakatI / hisA vaha prakriyA hai, jisame svakIya ke lie 'para' para prahAra hotA hai| yadi sva ke pAsa svakIya na ho to prahAra kI preraNA samApta ho jAya / vastuta svakIyatA kA nirmANa grahisA ke prAdhAra para hotA hai prarthAt para prahAra kI hisA me bhI svakIyatA prarthAt grahisA kI prAdhAra sthiti nivArya hai / ' vastuta pazutva ke mUla me devatva virAjamAna hai / jainendra ne 'jayavardhana' me apane inhI vicAro kI puSTi kI hai / jaya prAdhyAtmika vyakti hai / vaha yaha svIkAra karane meM asamartha hai ki phala bIja se bhinna ho sakatA hai / usakA vizvAsa hai ki -- kabhI mAnava devatA hotA to isa vizvAsa ke prAdhAra para ki devatva se usakA udgama hai" usakA dRDha vizvAsa hai ki 'pazu prAdi nahI hai, vikAsa me bahuta bAda kI kaDI hai / guNa kA, sat aura cita kA grAvirbhAva vahA se nahI hai / prara TUTa gayA hai aura pratIti prApta hai ki guNa usake bhI gahare garbha me hai / " 'unakI dRSTi me manuSya ke utsa ko pazutva me khojanA ucita nahI hai / jaya ke anusAra manuSya deva hai aura sva 1 jainendra se sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para prApta vicAra / ( 16-5-71 ) | 2 jainendra kumAra 'jayavardhana' pR0 151 / 3 jainendra kumAra ' jayavardhana' pu0 151 /

Page #39
jainendra kA jIvana-dazana kI bAbA toDa nikhita ke sAtha prakhaNDa ho sake to saccidAnanda rUpa hai / vastuta jainendra ne jIva vijJAna ke dvArA bhI mAnava jIvana kI digatA kA hI prakaTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| pratha jIvana kA ninAya praga hai| sasAra nitAnta aparigrahI pravati ke anusaraNa se nala nahI mAtA, ki kisI bhI vastu kA AvazyakatA se adhika parigraha svaya meM dopa hai / jainendra ke anusAra dhana kI AvazyakatA vyakti, samAja paura rASTra sabhI ke lie svAbhAvika hai| yadyapi saba ke mUla me vyakti hI pradhAna hai kintu samAja aura vyakti kI samasyA ke rUpa meM kucha atara avazya rahatA hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me dhana kA ekatrIkaraNa samAja ke lie abhizApa hai| jisa prakAra rakta kA pravAha pUre zarIra me samAna rUpa se yAvazyaka hai, yadi rakta kisI aga-vizeSa meM hI ruka jAya aura anya aga rakta-hIna raha jAya to usase zarIra me bhayakara sthiti utpanna ho jAtI hai aura vyakti apane jIvana kI bhI AzA choDa baiThatA hai| usI prakAra dhana rUpI rakta kA samAja rUpI zarIra ke kisI bhI praga me ruka jAnA sAmAjika dRSTi se bahuta hI hAniprada hai| dhana kI mAthakatA usake avirala pravAha meM hai, avaruddha hokara jaDita hone meM nahI hai| samAja meM hogI sthiti tabhI utpanna hotI hai, jaba vyakti kA athavA garamA-vizera kA svArtha usame kendrIbhUta ho jAtA hai| jainendra ke anusAra maya kI bAta usakI vastutA ko baDhAne ke lie na hokara jIvana savardhana ke hetu honI naahie| prartha-vibhAjana kI dRSTi se jainendra sAmyavAdiyoM ke madRzya hI zApaka aura zoSita ke ma-ya kI khAI ko dUra karane ke pakSa me hai / unake anusAra zramika varga parizrama karane ke bAda bhI sadaiva asantuSTa aura atRpta rahatA hai, kintu zopaka varga AvazyakatA se adhika vastu apane godAma meM bharatA jAtA hai| aAja bana ko lekara vibhinna matavAda uTha khaDe hue hai| sAmyavAda, samAjavAda, pUjIvAda mArthika samasyA ko lekara hI vikasita hue hai| jainendra apane sAhitya me kisI vAda kA bhI samarthana karate samaya vyakti ko kendra meM lete hai| vyakti kI upekSA karane vAlA koI bhI vAda unheM svIkAra nahI hai| upanyAsakAra yazapAla eka prakAra se sAmyavAda ke pracAraka hI pratIta hote hai kintu jainendra kisI bhI mata kA dRDhatA me samathana nahI karate / unake anusAra samAjavAda me yadyapi pUjIvAda ke sadRzya vyakti kA zoSaNa nahI hotA, kintu samAjavAda kA vikasita rUpa hI kAlAntara me vyakti kI upekSA karake samAja ko hI vizeSa mahatva pradAna karatA hai| sAmyavAdI nIti ko bhI ve sAmAjika viSamatA ko dUra karane ke lie upayogI samajhate hai, kintu unhone sAmyavAda ke jisa svarUpa ko svIkAra kiyA hai, vaha mArksavAdI na hokara AdhyAtmikatA

Page #40
jainendra ke jIvana-darzana kI bhUmikA 35 se paripuSTa hai| mArma ne bhautika jagata meM adhika se adhika utpAdana dvArA sAmga sthApanA kA hisaka prayAsa kiyA thaa| kintu jainendra kI nIti gAdhI kI gahirA nIti kA hI pratiphala hai| jainendra ke anusAra sAmyavAda me samasta sampadA sAra meM kendrita ho jAtI hai, ataeva usame vyakti svAtantrya kA gavakAza nahI rhtaa| jainendra kA prAdarza bhautika sAmya na hokara prAtmaparaka he / unale pranamAra pratyeka ko apanI yogyatA ke anusAra artha kI prApti honI cAhie / gamAja kI vyavasthA ko banAe rakhane ke lie zreNI vibhAjana Avazyaka hai| garIba pAra amIra kA bheda samAja se miTAyA nahI jA sktaa| jainendra ke anusAra Arthika dRSTi se utpanna bheda-bhAva ko miTAne ke sthAna para vyakti-vyakti ke madhya sahAnubhUti aura sahRdayatA kA sambandha anirvAya hai / garIba pragIge ke dvArA apanI garIbI ke kAraNa apamAnita tathA zoSita nahI honA cAhie / jainenda kA mUlAdarza jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra me prema aura dayA kA vistAra karatA hai| janendra ke upanyArA sora kahAniyo me svArtha-rata pUjIpatiyo ke prati jo gAmAza / na kiyA gayA hai, vaha unakI mAnava-nIti kA hI poSaka hai| 'vivata' meM gindra ne samIro kI zAna-zokata tathA vilAsa kA bahuta hI vyagyAtma ( rA kiyA hai| jainendra ke anusAra artha kI sArthakatA usake paramAnI hona ma hai| 'kalyANI' tathA 'pranantara' meM unake vicAro kI puSTi vATagata honI hai| artha-nIti rAjanIti ke ghere me prAbaddha hokara mAnavanIti tathA pa2 gArtha manaka prAdarzoM se pare ho jAtI hai| jainendra artha-nIti ko garma nIti ke pariprekSya meM prastuta karate hai| unakI paramArthika dRSTi ke mUla me dharmAsthA hI kendrIbhUta hai| vAta janandra ne artha zAstra ke dvArA mAnava jIvana kI vipama pari 1 'pattharo se (hIrA, pattharo se tAtparya hIrA-pannA Adi se) bacce khelate hai, lekina amIra bhI khelate hai|' --jainendra kumAra 'vivarta', 1653, dillI, pa0ma0, pR064 / 'arthagAra kI buniyAda ge yaha mAnyatA hai ki insAna svArthI hai / paramArtha kI jaisI koI kalpanA hI usa zAratra ke pAsa nahI hai| ..merA anumAna ki manuSya kI gaharAI meM paDe dharma naitika bhAva kI buniyAda para nayI artha-racanA kA prArambha ho sakatA hai aura gAdhI kA prayatna usI kA mUtrapAta thaa| ---jainendra kumAra 'samaya aura hama', dillI 1962, pra0sa0, pR0186 /

Page #41
36 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana sthitiyo ko dekhane aura unhe sAhitya ke dvArA abhivyakta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / eka ora unhone artha sambandhI saMdrAnti vivecana apane vicArAtmaka nibandho dvArA prastuta kiyA hai / 'samaya aura hama' paripekSa, prazna aura prazna' Adi vaicArika nibandha tathA praznottaro me zrama, utpAdana, vitaraNa tathA vibhinna vAdo kI prArthika nIti kA vivecana kiyA hai, dUsarI ora upanyAsa gora kahAniyo dvArA artha ke kAraNa jIvana me utpanna hone vAlI samasyA kA pratyanta vyAvahArika tathA savedanAtmaka varaNana kiyA hai / usa dRSTi se 'apanA prapanA bhAgya', 'sAdhu kA bheda, corI, patnI, Adi kahAniyA prastuta kI hai / vastuta lekhaka ne atha ko dRSTi me rakha kara vyakti ke jIvana ko parakhane aura usame svaya ko AtmasAta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, kintu yaha Avazyaka hai ki vyakti usake prati nispRha rahe / vaha praparigrahI banakara parahita ke lie apanA sarvasva nyochAvara kara de / jainendra ne praryazAstra ke samAna rAjanIti ko bhI mAnava-nIti se sambaddha rUpa me hI svIkAra kiyA hai / rAjanIti vyakti dvArA nirmita hotI hai, ata vaha vyakti para apanA prabhutva nahI sthApita kara sakatI / mAnava jIvana kI vyavasthA meM vaha eka hetu banakara hI sthira raha sakatI hai| jainandra ke anusAra svAtha kI bhAvanA hI vyakti ko vyakti meM tathA sasthA vizeSa ma dUra rakhatI hai / 'sva' ke virAjana me dvandva kA prazna hI nahI uThatA / jainandra sAhitya ke vicArAtmaka pakSa meM rAjanIti ke vibhinna AdarzoM kI sthApanA aura AlocanA kI gaI hai / upanyAsa aura kahAniyoM meM unhone mAnava jIvana se tadgata karake rAjanItika niyama, kAnUna aura vyavasthA kI vivecanA kI he / 'jayavardhana' me jainendra ke rAjanItika vicAro kI spaSTa abhivyakti huI hai / unake anusAra rAjanIti kI sAthakatA isI meM hai ki vaha dhIre-dhIra mAnava- nIti kI aura agrasara ho aura zAsana tathA daNDa kA bAhya AropaNa svaya meM nirarthaka pratIta hone lage / rAjya sabhA prathavA kAnUna ko ekAeka samApta nahI kiyA jA sakatA kintu prayAsa isa bAta kA honA cAhie ki vyakti svazAsita ho / zAsana ke sthAna para anuzAsana ko prazraya mile / ' 'jayavardhana' meM jainendra ke vicAra bhAratIya saMskRti aura prAdarzo kA pUrNa pratinidhitva karate pratIta hote hai / unake vicAro ke mUla me gAdhI kI ahisaka nIti bhI spaSTata dRSTigata hotI hai / jainendra ke anusAra rAjya, rASTra 1 jainendra kumAra ' jayavardhana', dillI, 1656, pR0 70 /

Page #42
jainendra ke jIvana-darzana kI bhUmikA 37 Adi vyakti ke dvArA kalpita sImAe hai, kintu mUlata akhila sRSTi kAgaja ke navaze kI rekhAo me vibhAjita nahI hai / 'rASTravAdI' nIti me apane paDosI rASTra ke prati mAnavatA, pazutA kA pratIka bana jAtI hai / sImA rekhA ke kAraNa par3osI rASTro ke madhya avasthita vyaktiyoM kI pArasparika sahAnubhUti aura mAnavIya saMvedanA samApta ho jAtI hai / rASTrIya vibhAjana ke kAraNa prAya aisA hotA hai ki sImA rekhA eka ghara ke kucha kamaro ko eka rASTra vibhAjita kara detI hai yAra kucha ko dUsare me / isa prakAra eka sAtha premapUrvaka rahane vAlA parivAra vibhAjana ke bAda pArasparika sahAnubhUti aura sahRdayatA kho baiThatA hai / vastuta jainendra nakze kI rekhAo se pare sampUrNa mAnavatA ko eka sUtra me bAdhane ke pakSa me he / rASTra aura rAjya bAhya vyavasthA ke sUcaka hI ho sakate haiM, kintu antarrASTrIya bhAvanA hI pradhAna honI cAhie / jainendra kI rAjanItika vicAradhArA gAdhIjI ke Adarzo se pariveSTita hai / gAdhIjI ke anusAra rAjanIti, sau phIsadI rAja karane, banAne yA rakhane kI nIti hokara nahI baiTha sakatI / rAjanIti nirapekSa rUpa nahI dhAraNa kara sktii| mAnava jIvana yadi bhItara hI bhItara rUgNa hotA jA rahA hai, svArthamapIvAna netAoM ke dvArA yadi sAmAnya jIvana kI upekSA kI jAtI hai, to rAjanIti zakti na rahakara zakti ke udaya meM bAdhaka siddha hotI hai / ' rAjya kI zakti vyavasthAmUlaka honI cAhie / AtmAnuzAsana hI vaha yantra hai, jisase samasta mAnavatA zAmita ho / aisI sthiti me rAjA prajA, netA - janatA ke madhya kI sAI svata hI miTa jAyegI / jainendra aisI hI rAjasattA ke pakSa me hai, jisame zIrSa para koI na ho, phira bhI vyavasthA banI rahe / yahI kAraNa hai ki 'jayavardhana' meM jaya ko sihAsana ke prati koI Asakti nahI hai / jainendra ke sAhitya kA kendra bindu vyakti aura vyakti kA jIvana hai / rAjanIti me vyakti kI upekSA karake rASTra ko pragatizIla banAne vAlI 1 'rAjya kI sImA hai, vaha lakIra dharatI para to nahI he, sirpha nakze para hai, isalie rAjya kRtima hai / ' -- jainendra kumAra 'jayavardhana', dillI, 1956 pra0 sa0 pR0 411 / 2. 1662, pra0 sa0 pR0 75 / jainendra kumAra 'akAla puruSa gAdhI', dillI, 3. "bhAratIya grAtmA kA kabhI sihAsana para car3ha baiThane kI AkAkSA nahI huI hai| udhara usakI saSTa hI nahI gaI / ruci hI nahI rahI / yahA usane mAyA ko dekhA / usakI zodha satya kI thI, isalie vaha zakti se aura usake pratIko se bAhara rahI / " pra0 sa0, 'jayavardhana'

Page #43
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana 1 sAmyavAdI dRSTi skIkAya nahI he / unhone vyakti kI sApekSatA me hI jIvana ke vividha prago kI sArthakatA svIkAra kI hai / vyakti kI antarniSTha pravRttiyo ke satya kA udghATana karane ke lie unhone manovijJAna kA sahArA liyA hai / vastuvAdI lekhaka vAdya paristhitiyo ke sandarbha me hI apane pAnI ke caritra aura vyaktitva kA nirmANa karate hai, kintu jainendra Atmaparaka sAhityakAra hai / unhone vyakti ke manovijJAna ke sahAre usake kArya-vyApAro ke srota kA patA lagAyA hai / rAjanIti, arthazAstra unake dvArA bahuta sthUta rUpa me abhivyakti prApta karate he / vyakti jIvana kI samagratA, artha rAja, nama prAdi kI sApekSatA me hI sambhava hai, kintu vyakti kyA hai, usakI pravRttiyA usake vyaktitva ke nirmANa tatva tathA antardvandva Adi bAto ko jAne binA kisI bhI sAhityakAra kI samasta abhivyakti mahatvahIna hI raha jAtI hai / kyoki sAhitya samAja kA hI darpaNa nahI hai, vaha vyakti ke antadvandva kI abhivyakti kA sAdhana nahI hai / sAgara kI virATatA athavA usakI uThatI- giratI tarage hI unakI mahAnatA kI sUcaka nahIM hai / usakI mahAnatA kA rahasya usake anta rAta me avasthita hai, jo ki gandhana ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI jJAta kiyA jA sakatA hai / usI prakAra vyakti jovana kA satya ghaTanAo me na hokara mana ke antadvandva aura grAtmalobha meM vidyamAna rahatA hai / manovijJAna ke dvArA jainendra ne vyakti ko usakI pravaNatA me jAnane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / antara aura vAhya dono kA anyonyAsita sambandha he / bAhya jIvana grantadvandva ke sahAre hI paricAlita hotA hai / sAmAnyata sudhAravAdI lekhako ne vAhya paristhiti ko hI vyakti ke narina kA nirmANa tatva mAnA hai, kintu jainendra kI kathA me vyakti ke cAritrika vikAsa kI pariNati na hokara dvandvAbhivyakti hI hai / unake pAtra premacanda Adi upanyAsakAro ke sadRzya uttarottara apane caritra kA vikAsa karate hue nahI pratIta hote / yadyapi jainendra ke pAnI kA jIvana ananta sambhAvanAmro ga pUrA hai, unake vyaktitva ke sambandha me koI pUrva nirNaya nahI prastuta kiyA jA sakatA, kintu unakI vizeSatA antardvandva dvArA 'sva' kI abhivyakti karane me hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki jainendra ke upanyAsa caritra pradhAna na hokara vyakti pradhAna hai / jainendra ne vyakti ko usake bhUta aura vartamAna kI sampUti me dekhA hai / jIvana kI vartamAnatA ke mUla me usakA vyatIta jIvana samAhita rahatA hai / vyakti 3 1 jainendra kumAra 'kahAnI pranubhava aura zilpa', dillI, 1967, pra0 za0, pR0 130 /

Page #44
jAnandra ke jIvana darzana kI bhUmikA jo kucha bhI dikhatA hai vahI nahI hai, varan usake pIche usakA eka itihAsa hai, jo usake vyaktitva pora AcaraNa kA AdhAra hai| jainendra ne apanI manovaijJAnika subhA-bUjha dvArA akhaNTa jIvana kA avalokana kiyA hai| 'phakiyA buDhiyA' va 'gavAra' me unake inhI vicAro kI jhalaka dRSTigata hotI hai / kiyA buDhiyA' AjIvana buDhiyA aura rukiyA hI nahI thii| vaha bhI kabhI yuvatI thii| raniyA hI nahI rukmaNi thii| kintu buDhApe me usakI ati vinamratA, gahanazI tA aura tyAgamayI pravRtti ko dekhakara aisA pratIta hotA hai ki avazya hI vaha hI me TUTI huI hai| usake bhAvAtmakA jIvana ko kahI koI Thesa lagI hai, jisake kAraNa vaha itanI adhika vinata rahatI hai| aisI sthiti me lekhaka ne bar3I sUjha-bujha ke dvArA rukiyA ke bIte dina kI parta para parta kholI hai / lekhaka kI mahattA bIte dino kI ghaTanA ke varNana me nahI hai, varan use kiyA buDhiyA ke yauvana ko ubhAra kara atyadhika savedanAtmaka rUpa me prastuta karane meM hai / 'gavAra' me bhI gavAra vyakti kI atizaya bhakti bhAvanA ke mUla meM usake mana kI kaThA hI vaha preraka tatva hai jo samasta vicAra aura pharma ko prabhAvita rahatI hai| usakI bAto me aisA prAbhAga hotA hai ki vaha anta mAdhu pani kA bhakta purupa hai, kintu jainendra ne usake AcaraNa ko kArya ra gA kI asA me rakhakara samajhane aura mUla me avisthata matya ko udghATita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| vastuta lekhaka kA uddezya vyakti ke channa ko kATakara gAya kA udghATana karanA hai / 'sukhadA', 'vivarta', 'anantara' Adi me jainendra ke pamukha pAyo kA AcaraNa vahuta hI asahaja rUpa se abhivyakta hotA hai| upanyAso me jainendra ne karma ke kAraNo kI spaSTa vivecanA nahI kI hai, kintu yaha gatya hai ki unake puruSa pAtra yathA jitane, hariprasanna manogranthi se pIlita aura isIlie ve krAntikArI kA rUpa dhAraNa karate hai / ___ jainendra ne satya ke udghATana ke lie manovizleSaNa kI zAstrIya paddhati kA mahArA nahI liyA hai, varan apane vyAvahArika jJAna ke AdhAra para pAtro ke jIvana kI asahajatA tathA unake aprAkRtika prAcaraNa ke mUla utsa ko spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| unhone strI-puruSa ke prAkRtika sambandho ko manovaijJAnika dharAtala para prastuta kiyA hai| phrAyaDa ke anusAra 'kAma' zArIrika bhula hai jo sadaiva tRpta hone ke lie saceNTa rahatI hai| jainendra ne strI-puruSa ke mammilana meM kAma-tRpti kI AkAkSA ko anivArya rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai / kAma kI kSadhA ko unhone AdhyAtmikatA kA puTa dekara 1 phAya', 'manovizleSaNa' (15-7-1960), dvi0 sa0, ditlI, pR0 277 /

Page #45
jainendra kA jAvana-darzana maulikatA kA paricaya diyA hai / ataeva unake anusAra kAma tRpti dvArA damita vAsanA kI hI tuSTi nahI hotI, varan strI-puruSa ke pArasparika milana meM bhagavattA kA bodha hotA hai tathA graha visajana kI bhAvanA ko poSaNa milatA hai, jisase vyaktitva kA samucita vikAsa sambhava hotA hai / jenendra ne khela, pAjeba, AtmazikSaraNa, phoTogrApha Adi kahAniyo me bAla manovijJAna kA pratyavika svAbhAvika varNana kiyA hai / bAga-manAvijJAna kI dRSTi se 'khela' unakI bahuta hI saphala kahAnI mAnI jAto he / bacco kI parimeya kalpanA-zakti kA unhone bahuta AkarSaka citra prastuta kiyA hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me nama, atha, rAjanIti prora samAja me bhotikatA se prAtyAtmikatA piNDa se brahmANDa 'sva' se 'para' kI prora jo unmukhatA dRSTigata hotI hai, usake mUla me jainendra ke cintanazIla vyaktitva kI hI bhAtaka milatI he | jainendra lekhaka hone ke sAtha hI sAtha vicAra pradhAna dArzanika bhI hai / unakI dArzanikatA tatva kI pracAraka na hokara vyAvahArika jIvana ko mAya pradhAna karane vAlI dhurI he / korI bhAvanA vyakti ko katpanA loka kA prAraNI banA detI hai / kintu vyakti yathAya bhUmi me caraNa rakhatA huA sambhAvanAzro ke loka meM pragatizIta hotA hai / jainendra kI vAzanikatA yayapi kinhI sthato me viSaya kI bhAvanAtmaka garimA ko bahuta bokina banA detI hai, kintu vikAzata vaha jIvana kI sattA ko udghATita karane meM hI sahAyaka hotI hai / unake darzana kA svarUpa jIvana ke sAtha itanA grAtmasAt hokara bhivyakta hotA hai ki usakI dumahatA prora jaTilatA svata hI naSTa ho jAtI hai / jainendrakA darzana unake Atmabodha prora satyAnveSaNa kI pravRtti kA hI paricAyaka hai / unake jIvana-darzana meM manovijJAna kA vizeSata yoga rahA hai| darzana samaSTi ko vyaSTi meM samA lene, prathavA vyaSTi ko vyaSTi meM samarpita kara dene kI bhAvanA kA poSaka he / manovijJAna vyaSTi ke grantardvandva kA vivecita karane me sakSama huA hai / jainendra kI dArzanikatA dRSTi prajJeya vAdiyo kI mI rahasyavAdI he / ve pradRzya aura prastuta ke sambandha me sadaiva sambhAvita prathavA sApekSa ko hI svIkAra karate hai / jo agrAhya hai, usake sambandha me nirapekSa rUpa se koI nirNaya nahI prastuta kiyA jA sakatA / jainendra kI sApekSika dRSTi jaina darzana kI pranekAntavAdI dArzanikatA kA hI pratiphala hai| jaina darzana me satya kyA hai, isa sambandha ma antima niraNaya nahI diyA jA sakatA / 40 1 jainendra kumAra 'khela' jenendra kI pratinidhi kahAniyA, sapA zivanandanaprasAda 1666, pra0 sa0, dillI, pR0 34 /

Page #46
jainendra ka jAvana-darzana kI bhUmikA nainendra kI anekAntatAdI dRSTi nitAnta prahisaka tathA samanvayamUlaka hai| ve kisI bhI mata kA gvaNDana nahI karate, kyoki pratyeka vicAra apanI sImA me satya ho sakatA hai| vicAro aura vAdo kA khaNDana bhI eka prakAra kI hisA hI hai / jainendra kI mahisaka nIti korI jIva-hatyA taka hI sImita na hokara vyApaka gartho me gRhIta hai| jainendra ke upanyAsa aura kahAniyo me satyAnveSaNa ke prati satat jijJAsA banI rahatI hai| Izvara hI ekamAtra zakti hai, jo jIvana ke samasta sUtro kA sacAnana karatI hai / pratidina ke jIvana kI ghaTita ghaTanAgro ke madhya pratyeka vyakti ko usa parama sattA kA AbhAsa prApta hotA rahatA hai| nirAzAmaya jIvana me pakti apanI zraddhA aura vizvAsa ke sahAre sasAra me jIne kI zakti prApta karatA hai / jainendra kI jIvana dRSTi abheda zraddhAmUlaka hai| bhedadRSTi dvandvamalA hai, kintu jahA samasta bheda-bhAva apane-apane mArgoM se usa paraga sattA me mAhita ho jAte hai, vahA matavAda kA prAgraha nahI rahatA, barana pArasparika prema kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| jIne kI dArzanikatA korI buddhi kA tANDavanRtya nahI karatI, usame vyAvahArika jIna ke pAtmasAt hone kI kSamatA vidyamAna hai / adhikAzata dAzanika jIvana kI gAvahArikatA se dUra nirjana me zAzvata satyo kI khoja me rata rahate hai, kintu janendra ne jIvana-sagharSa ke manya hI satya kA bodha prApta karane kI nATA kI hai| mAnava-pIDA me hI satya kA svarUpa nivAsa karatA he / janendra kI vicAradhArA kA mUla udgama hI mAnava-vyathA hai|' vyathA me samarpaNa kI bhAvanA utpanna hotI hai| jainendra ke dukha-bodha aura gautama buddha ke dukha-bodha meM pantara hai / jainendra duHkha se chuTakArA nahIM cAhate, varan dukha meM hI pAtmAnveSaNa athavA satyAnveSaNa karate hai| janendra ke anusAra vyathA kI zakti pArathA para hI nirbhara hai| jainendra ke pAtra apanI vyathA kA doSAropaNa samAja athavA kisI vyakti-vizepa para nahIM karate, ume ve apane bhAgya kA pariNAma samajhate he / yadyapi jainendra kI atizaya bhAgyavAditA to kabhI 1 "hara vivAda ko mAno savedanA kI kasoTI para utaranA aura apane ko garA sAbita karanA hotA hai / sabase prathama tathya aura mUla tatva he dukhaisa bauddha kathana kA bhI zAyada yaha sAra hai / isa anivAryatA ke hI vicAra ko mAno kahAnI bananA paDa gyaa|" ----jana kumAra 'kahAnI . anubhava aura zilpa' dillI, 1967, pra0 sa0, pR0 72 /

Page #47
jendra kA jovana-darzana bhI paTakAne bhI lagatI hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ve kama meM madhika bhAgya para nizAsa karate hai / kintu yaha satya hai ki ve bhAgya-vizvAsI hote hue bhI kama kI upekSA nahI karate / jainenda kI ati bhAgyavAditA ke mala me IzvarIya prAstA hI vidyamAna hai / unake anusAra 'ma' (vyakti) gadeva gapUNatA ma pUragatA kI prApti kI ora prayatnazIla rahatA hai| jainendra ke anusAra vyakti bhAgya ke samakSa atyanta vinA hA jAtA hai| urA nivagatA ko vaha nahuta vinata hokara svIkAra karatA hai| ugake gantara me yaha bola hotA he ki 'jaba vaha hai, taba meM kahA ? tara gahAra kgaa|" janendra vyakti ko pravyakta ke vyaktIkaraNa kA mAdhyama mAnate haiN| unake anusAra vaha (vyakti) bhAgya ke hAtha me sapane ko choDakara bhI nirantara kamagIla rahatA hai| jainenda kA paramAdarza jIvana kI satat yAtrA me abheda prazavA prabhinnatA kI prApti karanA hai| yadyapi vyakta samAra kI vyAvahArika pRSThabhUmi me nitAtopatra sabhava nahI, gata te dvaita ke madhya prema kA kara bhedatva kI sthApanA karanA cAhate hai, jisama gAtmAnanda kA pAlisake / gabheda jAyacA paNa 'tAjanendra ke jIvana-dazana IT vaha mAdhAra hai, jina para nahAne apana masta cintana ko sAhitya ke dvArA abhi pakta hai| janendra ke mAhitya me unakI jIvana ke prati aTUTa prAgyA kI bhivyakti huI hai| jIvana meM lagana, niSThA, dAyitva, prema, sohAdra Adi kA maha-ra unake upanyAsa ora kahAniyo me spaSTata dRSTigata hotA hai / jainendra ke pAsa samasta mAnavIya guNo kA pratinidhitva karate he / dayA gaura gahAnubhUti kI bhAvanA unake pAno me kUTa-kUTa kara bharI huI hai| 'lAta sarovara' meM ela. mAdhu nimbAtha bhAva se koDhI vezyA kI sevA karatA hai| use sAmAjika mAna-gammAna kA bhaya nahI hotA / vaha baDI lagana aura niSThA ke sAtha samAja dvArA tiraskRta nArI kI sevA karatA hai| jainendra kI racanAo me tyAga kI bhAvanA vizeSa rUpa se dRSTigata hotI hai / 'parakha' me kaTTo kA tyAga aura nizchala sevA, prema kA Adarza atulanIya hai| jainendra ne sUkSma antardRSTi se cirantana prazno ke bhItara praveza kiyA hai| jIvana ke satya ke pati ve satat jijJAsu ke sadRzya gadaiva jagata aura jagata kI 1 prabhAkara mAcave jainandra ke vicAra', pra0 sa0, 1627, pR0 240 / 2 jainendra kumAra 'lAla sarovara', jainendra pratinidhi kahAniyA mapAla zivanandanaprasAda, pra0 sa0, dillI, 1666, pR0 245 /

Page #48
jainendra ke jovana dazana kI bhUmikA 43 ghaTanAmo me hI ragate rhe| unhone jaTila se jaTila samasyA kA samAdhAna bhI jIvana kI mAvahArikatA me hI prApta kiyA hai / satya kA zodha karane ke lie ve sagAra se nahIM gaye, na hI unhone paramparAgata dArzaniko ke sAdRzya apanA koI darzana prastuta kiyA hai| bhAratIya darzana ke kSetra me prAya pradhikAza dArzanika apane pUrva pratiSThita mAnyatAo ke AdhAra para hI apanA pratyayana mIra vizleSaNa pArambha karate the / unake samakSa khaNDana - maNDana kI pratiyA hI pradhAna hotI thI / kintu jainendra mAna vraSTA hai, mata vizeSa kATA hone pogya bhI nahI svIkAra karate / ve jIvana ke prati itane rAjaga rahe ki pratidina kI ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanAo kA prabhAva una para par3e binA nahI rahA / ve svaya ko kisI cirantana meM samaya kI nirantaratA kA bodha hotA hai / jIvana ke ve prazna jo pratidina kI ghaTanAo se saMbaMdha rakhate hai, ve hI virantana kahe jA sakate hai | jainenda ke sAhitya ko viziSTatA cirantana prazno ke mUla me samAviSTa satya kI khoja karane meM hI dRSTigata hotI hai| sAmAjika, aihika, rAjanItika pradipanA ke parI mAkAra prakAra me hI ve santuSTa nahI hote saura na hI usameM savAra kI pAvApakatA rAma kate hai / unakI meM yadi vyakti se jIvana ke pApa ho jAya to vAhya jIvana kI samasta viSamatAe svata hI dUra ho jAyegI / tava unhone sAdhAra para dRSTi DAlI hai, prAdarza para nahI / sva para kI samasyA jIvana kI sabase vikaTa tathA vizad samasyA hai / ghara parivAra savekara rASTra ke mUla me 'sva-para' kA dvaita aura dvaita se udbhUta hI pradhAnata dRSTigata hotA hai / jainendra ke pranusAra dvaita kI sthiti jagata ko satA ke lie anivArya ghora svAbhAvika hai, kintu dvaita antima satya nahI hai, antima satya yadvaita kI prApti ke hetu sva athavA para ko mUlata miTAnA vA astitva kA hI samApta karanA nahI hai, varana sva kA pradarza para ke sammukha samarpita honA hai| sva para kI paramparA dvArA jIvana kI baDIse baDI samasyAe sahaja hI samApta ho sakatI hai / jainendra grAtmaparaka prAstika sAhityakAra aura jIvana-draSTA hai / unake jIvana kA satya Atmopalabdhi prathavA grAtmonmukhatA me hI prApya hai / premacanda kA sAhitya unakI vastuniSTha prakRti kA paricAyaka hai / ve samAja kI rAmAzrA se ghire the / vyakti kI zrAtmA unake sAhitya me itanI mukharita nahI ho sakI thI, jitanI kAlAntara me jainendra ke sAhitya me huI hai / jainendra kA jIvana-darzana jina mAnyatA para AdhArita hai, ve svata hI unhe zrAtmopalabdhi kI ora unmukha karatI hai /

Page #49
janendra kA jIvana darzana 'praha visajana' me grAma samarpaNa kI bhAvanA vimAna he binA yAtmasamAraNa ke pAtmopalabdhi asambhava hai| jainendra samasta carAcara jagata ko vinata bhAva me rAmapita hote hA hI pAte hai| 'sva' kA 'para' meM samAhita hA jAnA prathavA 'para' ko 'sva' meM milA denA hI unake vicAro kA muu| ra hai| 'me kUcha nahI hai, jo kucha hai saba vahI hai, aisI bhAvanA vyakti kAmagAra ke mAyA prapaca ma dUra kara prAtmonmukha banA detI hai / jainendra ke anusAra yadi pati ke mana meM yaha bhAva utpanna ho jAe ki prakRti kA samasta vaibhava ugane hitAya hai, gaba usake prAcIna hai to usakI pragati avarudda ho jAtI hai| pragati kA muta gapUNatA ke bodha meM hI nihita hai / 'mai kucha nahI ha ma satya kA bodha hone para hI vyakti pUgatA ke lie prayatnazIta hotA hai / gAtmA kA paramAtmA me mAkSAtkAra hone kI sthiti hI pUNatA kI sUcaka hai| kintu janendra kA vizvAsa hai ki jIvana satat yAtrA hai|' vyakti kA magbandha yAtrA se honA cAhie, majila se nhii| mAga ke kaSTo ko sahatA hamA tyati nirantara AtmonmugvI hotA jAtA hai| antatama me Izvara : givA koI nahI hai / janeda ke anusAra "graha eka hai, usake bhI mama mU. meM gAya / pagila maga mita nindu pana uThA hai to usakI yathAthatA gorA ga sarate utarata kyA hame uga nikhita me hI pAna jAnA nahI milegA / '' kI prAtmaniSThA meM parama antaraga paramezvara kI prApti kA no hAnA hai, ugama acatana, avacetana Adi kI granthi nahI hotii| jainendra gatya kI pArita kahatu zabdo me nahI bhaTakate / unake anusAra zabda bIca ke paDAva hai, unameM hI bhaTaka jAnA lakSya kA niSedha karanA hai / jainendra pAtmaniSTha hokara vastU jagat kI upekSA nahI karate / jisa prakAra unakI samaSTi ko grahaNa karane kI bhAvanA svata hI vyaSTi ko pIlipradAna kara detI hai| usI prakAra pAtmaniSThA me vastuniSThA ganivAya rapa meM svIkRta he / vastu-jagata kI aneAtA AtmonmukhI hokara ekatA kI ora unmukha hAtI hai / indriyA hI vaha kaDI hai jo AtmatA ko vastutA meM joDane meM sakSama hotI hai| vastu jagata kI upekSA me jIvana kI kalpanA hI asambhava ho jAtI hai| vastRta jainendra kI AtmonmukhatA eka ora Izvara kI prApti me mahAyaka hai, dUgarI pora vastujagata ke bheda-bhAva ko dUra kara abhedatva athavA pradvaitatA kI aura unmukha karatI hai / akhaNDatA kI prApti hI jainendra ke jIvana aura sAhitya kA parama lakSya hai| 1 jainandrakumAra kalyANI', pra0 sa0, dillI, 1956, pR0 14-15 /

Page #50
jainendra ke jIvana-darzana kI bhUmikA AtmaniSThA hI adhika hai jainendra ke upanyAsa prora kahAniyo me AtmaniSThA spaSTata dRSTigocara hotI hai| unake pAtra gapanI AtmA me hI satyAnveSaNa kA prayAsa karate hai| pIDA hI vara rama hai, jisame unhe atIndriya Ananda kI prApti hotI hai / jainendra ke upanyAsa gaura kahAniyo me bAhya saMgharSa kI apekSA antardvandva hI pradhAna hai| 'mukhadA', 'kalyANI', 'tyAgapatra' ke nArI pAtra AtmavyathA me hI pIDita he| jainendra kI kahAniyo me 'ekarAta', 'gavAra pAnavAlA', 'rukiyA buDhiyA,' 'adhe kA bheda,' 'dRSTidoSa', 'jAha navI', 'rAnI mahAmAyA' Adi adhikAza kahAniyo me eka antarvyathA vidyamAna hai jo apanI carama sImA me zUnyavat ho jAtI hai| usa avasthA me vyakti ko apanI AtmA ke marmAtimarma me praveza kara gatindriyatA kA bodha hotA hai / strI-puruSa ke sammilana me bhoga se yoga kI ora gati hotI hai| yogAvasthA me dvandva aura dvaita se mukta hokara vyakti ekAgra ho uThatA hai / jainendra kI kahAniyo me antaramana kI rivatatA me sadaiva prApti kI prabala AkAkSA vidyamAna rahatI hai| 'eka-rAta' me sabhoga kI sthiti meM sI-puruSa pAtra itane tanmaya ho jAte hai ki vAsanA kA aza svaya meM nima lya siddha ho jAtA hai| atata unakI yogAvasthA unhe eka dUsare ge dura karake bhI zAnta rakhatI hai / janendra kI prAtmaparaka nIti sva-rati se bhinna hai| jainendra ke prAlovako ne unakI yAtmaniSThA ko Atmayoga kI sajJA dI hai aura use vAsanAmUlaka tathA rItikAlIna aihikatA se yukta kiyA hai| kintu jainendra kI dRSTi me sayoga svaya me antima sthiti nahI hai| zarIra me bhaTaka jAnA satya kA niSedha karanA hai| ve indriya sopAna dvArA prApta hone vAlI AtmonmukhatA tathA paramatatva kI ekAgratA ko hI jIvana kA pradhAna lakSya mAnate hai / __ jainendra kA sAhitya yugavizeSa se badhA huA nahIM hai| buddhi vyakti ko kAla aura khaNDa kI sImA me Abaddha karake hI use vyaktitva pradAna karatI hai, kintu zraddhA khaNDa me hI sImita na rahakara akhaNDatA kI ora unmukha hotI hai| kAla kI gati ananta tathA aparimeya hai, vaha avibhAjya hai| jainendra ke anusAra hama apanI suvidhA ke lie kAla kA vibhAjana karate he aura use ghaTA, dina aura sAla Adi meM vibhAjita kara dete hai| kintu satya yaha hai ki kAla kI ananta dhArA me bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya spaSTa hI samAhita ho jAte hai / yadi bhUta vartamAna se pRthak hai to itihAsa kA svaya me koI mahatva hI nahIM raha jaataa| yuga-yugAntara se sagrahIta mAnava-aAdhAra vicAra hI saskRti kA rUpa dhAraNa kara lete hai /

Page #51
nenda kA jIvana darzana pakti-cetanA aura kAla-khaNDa ke Upara uThane kI ceSTA jainendra ke sAhitya dvArA kAlakhaNDa gaura gyakti cetanA se Upara uThane kI netA hai| vartamAna me nadhA huyA vyakti zAzvata satya ke rAgnAlA me ko pakSA nirNaya nahI de pAtA / pataeva janendra ke anusAra mAhitya gama gAmAtA ke prati sApekSa dRSTikoNa rakhate hA gamagAnIna nahI hogA 17 | 3 prAdaza samayottIrNa hokara hI yuga satya bana sakatA hai|' goranAmI nAgIdAsa dvArA viracita 'rAmanarita mAnarA' nAra sau varSoM ke bAda gAja bhI apanI samayottIrNatA ke kAraNa usI prakAra grAhya hai, jaise ki tatamI ke yuga me thA / zAzvata satya ko cirasthAyI rakhane ke lie use kAta-laDa me mImita nahI rakhanA hogaa| ___ jainendra kA jIvana-prAdarza uttarottara gakhaNDatA kI ora unmuga hAtA hai| AtmopalabniI me vyakti, tyakta jagata ke bandhana se mukta ho parama prataraga me sAkSAtkAra karatA hai| jIvana yadi vartamAna se sambada hotA no hAra kI akhaNDatA svaya me hI ni zeSa ho jaatii| jainendra ne kAnarama Upara uThane kI ceSTA kI hai| AdhunikatA gathavA navInatA kI dApa gAne ke goma meM ve svaya ko kimI yuga-vizeSa ke ghere meM prAbadda karake nahI calate / mAnita aura navIna kahalAne ke lobha meM prAja sAhitya ke kSetra meM purAne ke unmulana tathA nitAnta navIna kI sthApanA ke hetu kAnti ho rahI hai| riTa nakhaka' bhI jainendra ko rItikAla me sthAna dekara mAdhunikatA kI patAkA UnI karate hai| phintu mAdhunika se tAtparya yadi vartamAna me hI hai, to vaha dina svaya me hI vinaSTa ho jaayegaa| vyakti athavA sAhitya bhuta ko saskRti rUpa me svaya me samAhita karatA huA bhaviSya kA Aligana karatA hai| yugavizeSa kA DakA pITane vAlA sAhitya zAzvata satyo kI pratiSThApanA nahIM kara sktaa| jainendra kI prAtmA sadaiva kAla kI anantatA me gvo jAne ke lie vyAkula rahI hai| vyaSTi ko samaSTi me samAkara zUnya meM vilIna ho jAnA hI unake jIvana kA taya hai| unhone svIkAra kiyA hai ki "mai kabhI bhI prAvunika nahI honA cAhatA, kyoki kAla se tatsama honA cAhatA hu| kAla ke khaNdra ko lekara tuSTa aura magna nahI ho jAnA caahtaa| ve kAla ko bhUta, vatamAna 1 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', dillI, 1962, pra0ma0, pR0 503 / 2 kamalezvara 'naI kahAnI kI bhUmikA', ilAhAbAda, 1666, pR012 / 3 jainendra ke sAkSAtkAra ke avasara pr| 4 jainendrakumAra 'kahAnI anubhava aura zilpa', pR0 60 /

Page #52
jainenda ke jIvana-darzana kI bhUmikA 47 aura bhaviSya kI rekhAgro se vibhAjita karake samajhane ke pakSa me nahI hai| vyakti kA satya samaya se pAra calane me hI sArthaka ho sakatA hai| pAra kA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki vartamAna para dRSTi hI nahI rhe| jainendra yathArtha jIvana kI upekSA ma vizvAsa nahIM krte| unake anusAra dharatI para paira rakhate hue bhI dariTa ananta zUnyAkAza se bhI pAra honI caahie| usa anantatA kI goda me jAgatika dvandva, bheda-bhAva praura akhaNDatA kA doSa svaya me hI tirohita ho jAtA hai| jenendra ne prAcIna bhAratIya RSi-muniyo ke prAdarza ko upasthita karate hue 'jayavardhana' me jaya ko samaya ke pAra dekhane vAle Adarza vyakti ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / jainendra ne apane sAhitya me vyAvahArika jIvana me utpanna hone vAle varga-bheda ke Upara vyakti kI sattA svIkAra kI hai| manuSya khaNDatA me jaDita nahI hai| vaha kAla ke ananta pravAha ke sadRzya apanI jIvana yAtrA me nirantara calatA jAtA hai, kyoki usakA lakSya sthUla aura vyakta ke pAra sUkSma kI khoja karanA hai| jainendra ne apanI kahAniyo me vartamAna se itara paurANika kathAyo ko apanI kalpanA kA puTa dekara tathA paurANika pAtro ko apane Atmika matya kI abhivyakti kA pratIka banAkara variNata kiyA hai| unakI anya nahAniyo me tathA upanyAso me usa divyatA kI prApti kA prayAsa hai, jahA pahucakara vyakti netanA bhI vilupta ho jAtI hai, kevala zUnya zepa raha jAtA hai| strI-puruSa ke prema sambandho me bhI jainendra ke pAtra yathArtha kI zUmi se Upara uThakara satyAnveSaNa kA prayAsa karate hai| ve vartamAna se cipaTe nahI rahate, varan svapana aura kalpanA-loka me apane samasta jAgatikA bandhano se mukta hokara advaitatA kI prApti me tatpara rahate hai / vastRta jainendra sAhitya aura jIvana ke sambandha me uccatama mAnyatApro ko hI svIkAra karate hue calate hai| AtmaniSThA aura akhaNDatA unake sAhitya kI prAtmA hai| unhone satya kI prApti me buddhi se adhika bhAvanA ora zraddhA ko prazraya diyA hai| buddhi aura vicAra ke lie sAmAjika ora laukika Adi dhArANAe sagata hotI hai, kintu jIvana kA kAma unako lAghatA huA bhI cala sakatA hai| "vAhya jagat kI sambaddhatA paura apekSA jaba 1 'cetanA samaya se nahI calatI varan samaya usake pAra calatA he / "ho gaye jinhone samaya ke pAra dekhA hai, " / "kAla ke bIca manuSya ko akAla bananA hai, vaha kSaNa kI upAsanA se nahI, zAzvata ke dhyAna se hogaa|' ----jainendrakumAra . 'jayavardhana', pR0 46 /

Page #53
48 janendra kA jIvana-darzana ki graha ke lie anivArya hai, taba dhAraNAtmaka vibhinna viniyA nAnA tatva maya jagat utanA anivArya nahI hai| sakSepa meM jIvana me lonikA sAmAjika kI apekSA se akhila akhaNDa kI apekSA adhika sagata pora ra vAma gakara hai|' khaNDatA meM sthUla jagata kI lIlA dRSTigata hotI hai, kintu harapanA apavA loka me vyakti kAla-khaNDa se Upara uThakara akhita ko apanA lenA cAhatA hai| __ jainendra ke dAzanika vicAro para sata khatIla jibrAna kA bahuta adhika prabhAva paDA hai / khalIla jibrAna bhI kAta ko prema kI bhAti avibhAjya aura asIma mAnate hai| unake anusAra kAlAtIta atarvAmI ko mAtAtIta jIvana kA jJAna rahatA hai| ___jainendra kA sAhitya satya kI khoja aura usakI abhivyakti kA hI pratiphala hai| satya dRSTi-sApekSa ho sakatI hai, kintu mUlata usakI prakati nirapekSa hai| zAzvata sattA kA bodha anubhUti dvArA hI ho sakatA hai| buni 'anantatA pora akhaNDatA meM praveza karane meM asamartha hotI hai| zraddhA nigave gammata ho gatI hai, jisase ki aha ahA na ho jAye, kintu usakA astitva taka ma nimA ho jAtA hai / jainendra parama Astika vicAraka hai| ve satya kAya sAra maka prAdhAra para grahaNa karane kA prayAsa karate hai| aisI sthiti 2.107 gI mata vizeSa se hetu prAgraha nahI hotA / yahI kAraNa hai ki nApAra nahI karate aura na hI apane mata kI puSTi ke lie yUkti go kA yaha hI rct| jaina dharmAvalambI hone ke kAraNa syAdavAda se bahuta adhika prabhAvita hai| sAinsaTAina kI rileTiviTI kA siddhAta bhI syAdavAda kA mamA / / / carma meM kisI bhI mata kA khaNDana nahI kiyA jAtA / patyeka vicAra dAra' mA mora samaya sApakSa hone ke kAraNa satya ho sakatA hai, kintu ugahI gArvabhauma matya ke rUpa me svIkAra nahI kiyA jA sktaa| jainendra bhI apanI himAna nIti ke kAraNa pratyeka mata kA Adara karate he pora apane vicAro kA kisI para prAropaNa nahI karate / rAjanIti, dharma, samAja, darzana, manovijJAna Adi sabhI kSetra meM ve nitAnta vyAvahArika dRSTikoNa ko svIkAra karate hai / rAjanIti meM samAjavAda, pUjIvAda, sAmyavAda Adi vibhinna matavAda pracalita hai, jo ki svayamA apUrNa hai| jIvana prakhaNDa ikAI hai| jIvana kI akhaNDatA se asayukta hokara koI bhI siddhAta satya kA sAkSAtkAra karAne meM asamartha siddha hotA hai| jainandra 1 jainendra kumAra 'samaya aura hama', dillI, pra0 sa0, pR0 575 / 2 khalIla jibrAna 'jIvana-darzana (anu0 satyakAma vidyAlakAra) di propheTa' dillI (sazodhita saskaraNa 1658), pR0sa066 /

Page #54
jainendra ke jIvana-darzana kI bhUmikA jagata kI samasta vyApti ko jIvana se AtmasAt karake svIkAra karate hai / vastu ra pAda bAhara kI cIje hai, kintu jIvana kA satya Atmopalabdhi me hI prApya hai / ataeva jainendra sAhitya me bAhya niSThA athavA pracAra kA prazna hI nahI uThatA / jahA vyakti kI AtmatA pradhAna hai vahA pArasparika bheda-bhAva svata hI nirAdhAra siddha ho jAte he / tattva-darzana ke pracAra meM bhArata ke hI nahI, videzo me bhI baDe-baDe darzanazAstra aura matavAda khaDe ho gaye hai / jainendra kA vizvAsa he ki Izvara hai yA nahI, usakA kyA svarUpa hai, isa sambandha me ve tarka kA sahArA lekara koI nizcita nirNaya nahI dete / Izvara ke sambandha meM ve parama jijJAsu ke sadRzya numAna hI lagAte he / usake sambandha me koI nirapekSa mata prastuta karake use hI sarvopari nahI mAnanA cAhate / jainendra ne kahAnI kI racanA -dRSTi prApta karane ke hetu hI kI he, dRSTidAna ke hetu nahI kI hai / 46 ve tatva pracAraka nahI eva yuktiyoM kA vyUha nahI racate / Adhunika sAhityakAro me adhikAzata pracAra kI bhAvanA vizeSa rUpa se sadagata hotI hai / ve navInatA kI chApa lagAkara apane nAma se kisI nae bAda siddhAnAdi kA pracAra karanA cAhate hai pracAra kI kAmanA se hI ve prAcIna prAdarza kI upekSA me juTe hue hai / kintu jainendra kI sAhitya-racanA pratiniyAmaka aura pratispardhAtmaka na hokara nitAnta sahaja aura Atmopalabdhi ke rUpa meM hI huI hai / pracAraka ko nAnA prakAra kI yuktiyoM ke vyUha racakara apane pakSa ko pramANita karanA paDatA hai, kintu jainendra ne apane mata kI satyatA ko siddha karane ke lie yuktiyo kA jAla nahI bichAyA hai / ve sAmAnya rUpa se apanI bAteM kahakara phira unakI pratikriyA ke sambandha meM cintita nahI hote / jainendra kI racanAzIlatA kI aparigrahitA bhI unake vyaktitva kI sahajatA kA spaSTa pramANa hai / yadi uname yaza kI AkAkSA hotI to svecchA se sadaiva racanA karate rahate / satyatA yaha hai ki adhikAza kahAniyoM aura upanyAso kI racanA unhone UparI dabAva ke kAraNa kI / jainendra jIvana draSTA he / draSTA jJAtA se adhika he / jAnakara jo jJAnI banate hai ve vyAvahArika jIvana meM asaphala raha jAte hai, kintu jIvana ko dekhakara aura usake satyo ma praveza karake navIna dRSTi prApta karane vAlA vyakti hI satya kA saccA bodhaka aura nirNAyaka ho sakatA hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me bauddhika pragalbhatA ke sAtha-sAtha hRdayagata prasAdikatA bhI dRSTigata hotI hai / jainendra dvArA racita vicAra-pradhAna nibandho meM unakA cintanazIla vyaktitva sahaja hI

Page #55
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana abhivyakti prApta karatA hai / jainendra ke vicAra' meM saMgrahIta nibandha jainendra kI bauddhikatA kA atyanta vyAvahArika ora sarasa rUpa vyakta karate hai / jainendra ke cintana aura abhivyakti kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai ki ve kaThina-me-kaThina viSaya ko bhI jIvana kI ghaTanAoM se AtmasAt karake itane sarala rUpa me abhivyakta karate hai ki satya kA svarUpa prAmANika rUpa se prastuta ho jAtA hai / pAThaka ko unakI mahajatA para Azcaryacakita ho jAnA paDatA he / dUra-pAsa, pirAvAda, mAnava kA satya', upayogitAvAda, jarUrI bhedAbheda Adi nibandho meM unakA vaicArika pakSa jIva tattva-darzana kA vizleSaNa karatA hai| kintu tattva-darzana jaisA nirAkAra viSaya yadi kore zabdajAla aura yuktiyo ke AdhAra para prastuta kiyA jAya to use grahaNa kara buddhi ko kasarata karanI paDegI aura vicAra kA sAra-tatva hRdaya taka utarate-utarate zuSka hokara samApta ho jaaygaa| ataeva jainendra ne buddhi ko vicAra-tatva ke stara taka hI svIkAra kiyA hai / vicAra se adhika jahA budvi dvArA tatvo kA pracAra hone lagatA hai aura hRdayagata AsthA samApta ho jAtI hai, vahA ve buddhi ko use ravIkAra nahI karate / unhone vicAra ke dvArA bhAva ko sthiratA pradAna kI hai, kyoki korI bhAvanA me Tikane kI sAmarya nahI hotii| buddhi kI pragalbhatA ke sAtha-sAtha hRdaya kI prAsAdikatA jainendra ke sAhitya meM hRdaya kI prAsAdikatA itane vyApaka rUpa meM vyakta huI hai ki dazana kI gambhIratA bhI usame sarasa ho uThatI hai| unakI kahAniyo me yaha bhAva ramaNIyatA spaSTata dRSTigata hotI hai| pAtrI ke vicAra mAno hRdaya tala kI gaharAI se Ardra hokara abhivyakti prApta karate hai| unakI kucha kahAniyo me itanI sarasatA hai ki unhe paDhate-par3hate eka apratima Ananda kI anubhUti hotI hai / 'lAla sarovara', 'rAnI mahAmAyA', 'rAjIva aura bhAbhI', 'do ciDiyA', 'nAdirA' Adi kahAniyo me jainendra ne vyakti ke antaratama meM praveza kara antas kI komala bhAvanAmo ko baDI sahajatA se abhivyakta kiyA hai / kahI-kahI to bhAvAveza itanA bar3ha jAtA hai ki pAThaka kA hRdaya kacoTa kara raha jAtA hai| jainendra kI 'phoTogrAphI' kahAnI isa dRSTi se bahuta hI prabhAvazAlI hai / bhAva kI sAtvikatA mana ko jhakajhora detI hai| vAtsalya aura snehayukta aisI pavitra abhivyakti anyatra durlabha hai| choTI-sI ghaTanA hRdtatrI ke tAra jhakajhora detI hai| ___jainendra ke upanyAsa aura kahAniyo me strI-puruSa prAkarSaNa tathA paraspara samarpaNa bhAva meM strI pAtra bahuta adhika vinata ho jAte hai| 'rAnI mahAmAyA'

Page #56
jainendra ke jIvana-darzana kI bhUmikA 51 prema meM apanA svatva miTA dene ke lie svaya ko nAnA prakAra kI yAtanAe detI hai / vaha apanI hArdikatA ke sahAre hI priya kA sAkSAtkAra karanA cAhatI hai| 'parakha' ke prArambhika azo me kaTTo aura mAsTara sAhaba ke madhya hone vAlA vArtAlApa bahuta AkarSaka pratIta hotA hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me aneko sthala bhare paDe hai, jiname ve nire zraddhAlu aura premI rUpa me hI vyakta hote haiM / buddhi kI uSmA tanika bhI nahI pahuca paatii| mAnavatA ke zAzvata prazno para vicAra jainendra ne mAnava jIvana ke zAzvata prazno para vizad vivecana kiyA hai| Izvara, jIva, mRtyu, punarjanma, mokSa Adi viSayo para unhone apane maulika vicAra prastuta kie hai, jo kisI bhI dArzanika matavAda me baghe nahI hai / unake anusAra dArzanika vahI hai, jo jIvanadraSTA hai / jIvanadraSTA jIvana aura jagat kI upekSA karake nitAta ekAkI bana jagala me nahI bhaTakatA varan jIvana ko ghaTanAgro prora dvandvo meM satya kA anveSaNa karatA hai| jainendra IzvaravAdI vicAraka hai / unake anusAra Izvara kA astitva hI ekamAtra satya hai / usakI mattA ko nakArA nahI jA sktaa| kyoki tarka kI gati vahI sambhava hai, jahA vyakti kI pahuMca hai, kintu jo viSaya buddhi kI pahuca ke bAhara hai use tarka dvArA bhI nahI siddha kiyA jA sktaa| jainendra ke anusAra manuSya kI zakti apUraNa hai| vaha apanI apUrNatA se pUrNa brahma kA sAkSAtkAra nahI kara sktaa| ataeva Izvara ke astitva ko unhone zraddhA aura vizvAsa ke AdhAra para hI svIkAra kiyA hai| jainendra ke upanyAsa aura kahAniyo me paga-paga para unakI vAstavikatA dRSTigata hotI hai / unakI atizaya bhAgyavAditA IzvarIya zraddhA kA hI pariNAma hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me Izvara-bhakti, pUjA, karmakANDa Adi ke vyakta rUpa meM dRSTigata nahI hotI, varan unakI AsthA pAtro ke hRdaya me antaniSTha hai| unakA hRdayagata prema, tyAga, sevA, samarpaNa bhAva IzvarIya bhakti kA hI dyotaka hai| Izvara hI apratyakSa rUpa me samasta sRSTi kA sacAlaka hai / 'sukhadA' meM unhone Izvara ko sUtradhAra ke rUpa me svIkAra kiyA hai| Izvara ko jAnane ke lie unake pAtro meM atIva avikalatA hai / 'vyartha prayatna' meM Izvara ke samakSa samarpita hone ke lie vyakti kA aha chaTapaTAtA 1 janendra kumAra 'sukhadA', pra0 sa0, dillI, 1652, pR0 18 /

Page #57
52 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana rahatA hai| bhautikatA me zAnti nahI / kyoki sasAra nazvara he / ataeva jainendra ekamA ra Izvara ko hI satya rUpa meM svIkAra karate he / yahI jainendra kI AtmA kA satya hai / 'saba nahI ke pIche eka hai aura vaha he Izvara / ' jenena kI IzvarIya AsthA kevala vyaktigata jIvana taka hI parimita na hokara deza, samAja, dhama aura rASTra ke sandabha me bhI phalita hotI hai / yahI unake vicAro kI molikatA he / artha kA paramArthIkaraNa rAjanIti meM mAnavatAvAdI dRSTikoNa tathA aha visarjana kI bhAvanA unakI AstikatA ke hI pratIka hai| jainendra ajJeyavAdiyo ke sadRzya Izvara ko rahasyamaya rUpa meM hI svIkAra karate hai, unake bAre meM koI nizcita svarUpa nahI prastuta karate / sRSTi kI akhaNDatA me ekamAtra parabrahma kA rUpa hI parilakSita hotA hai / Atmonmukha hokara hI akhaNDatA kI upalabdhi ho sakatI hai|' jainendra kI dhama sambandhI dhAraNA bahuta hI spaSTa hai / sAmAnyata dharma ke svarUpa ko loga sampradAya me Abaddha karake usakI prAtmatA kI avahelanA karate hai| jainendra ke anusAra dharma kA vyApaka rUpa vyakti kI sahanazIlatA meM pratiniSThita hai / jIvana me kaSTo ko sahate hue uttarottara kartavya mArga kI pora baDhate jAnA hI vyakti kA dharma hai| vyakti kA dharma hI gAtvika dhamabhAva kA bhI bodhaka hai| jainandra ke samasta upanyAsa aura kahAniyo ma dhama-bhAvanA vyApaka rUpa se chAyI huI hai| unake pAtra apanI pIDA meM hI jIte hai| maNAla samAja se tiraskRta hokara adhika-se-adhika kaSTa sahane meM tathA 'adhe kA bheda' kahAnI meM prave kI strI arthopArjana ke lie tana becane ko bhI adharma nahI smjhtii| vastuta jainendra kI dharma sambandhI dhAraNA sakIrNatA kI paricAyaka na hokara dRSTi kI vyApakatA kI sUcaka hai| jainendra AtmA ko paramAtmA kA hI aza mAnate hai| 'AtmA apane parama rUpa ma paramAtmA he / AtmA vikAsazIla hai| prAtmatA meM vyakti-bheda nahI 1 jainendra kumAra 'vyartha prayatna' (kahAnI) 2 jainendra ne isa brahma ko vizvAsa aura upAsanA kA viSayamAna na rahane dekara vaiyaktika, sAmAjika, rAjanItika aura Arthika AcAra-vicAra ke preraka srota ke rUpa meM isakI vaiyaktika aura akATya vyAkhyA kI hai, jo unakI sabase baDI dena hai|' ----janendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 16 / (upodghAta me-vIrendrakumAra gupta) 3 jainendra kumAra , 'samaya aura hama', pR0 53 /

Page #58
jainendra ke jIvana-darzana kI bhUmikA 53 hotA, kintu ahantA bheda-bhAva mUlaka hai| AtmatA Antarika cetanA hai, kintu use sakriya hone ke lie grahantA kA Azraya lenA paDatA hai aura ahantA bhI AtmA ke avalamba para sthira hai| jainendra ne ahantA aura AtmatA ko ekadUsare kI sApekSatA me svIkAra kiyA hai| unake anusAra prAtmatA hI satya aura svIkArya hai| prAtmopalabdhi me svacetanA hI pradhAna nahI hotii| varan 'sva' me 'para' me unmukhatA kI preraNA vidyamAna hotI hai| 'sva' ko hama 'para' me hI prApta kara sakate hai| 'apane ko pA jAnA, saba ko pA jAnA hai| * * isalie prAtmopalabdhi koI vaiyaktika AdarzamAtra nahI hai, vaha eka hI sAtha sAmAjika aura samaSTiparaka hai|'' __ jainendra ke kathA-sAhitya me AtmA kA svarUpa akhaNDa athavA samagna rUpa me svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / unhone ahatA aura AtmatA kA laukika va naitika artha na grahaNa karake use vaijJAnika rUpa se spaSTa kiyA hai| jainendra ke anusAra ahantA arthAta praza kA pUrNa se bhinna astitva aura aAtmatA arthAt aza kA samagra vyaktitva / vyakti apane-apane prahabodha se samagrabodha kI ora unmukha hotA hai / jainendra kI prAtmaparaka nIti isI siddhAnta para Azrita hai / graha sadaiva karmarata hai| bhAgya vyakti kI karma-tatparatA meM bAdhaka nahI hotaa| bhAgya vyakti ke karmoM kA nirNAyaka hai / vyakti honahAra ke hAtha me hai| bhAratIya darzana meM karmAnusAra punarjanma ho jAtA hai| jainendra kI karma aura punarjanma sambandhI dhAraNA paramparAgata bhAratIya dArzaniko se bhinna hai| unake anusAra mRtyu ke bAda AtmA paramAtmA me samAviSTa ho jAtI hai, kintu yaha Avazyaka nahI ki vahI AtmA apane pUrva karmo ko sAtha lekara zarIra dhAraNa karatI hai| mRtyu ke bAda karma, kSitija me usI prakAra vyApta ho jAtA hai jisa prakAra bUda samudra me milakara astitvahIna ho jAtI hai| isa dRSTi se karma kA koI mahatva nahI rahatA aura janma janmAntara taka zubha karmo dvArA uttarottara mukti kI prApti kA prayatna bhI nirmUlya ho jAtA hai| jainendra karma ke sambandha me yaha svIkAra karate hai ki vyakti ke karma antarikSa meM samAhita hokara vyakti ke na rahakara samaSTi ke bhI ho jAte hai| isa prakAra apane karmoM ke lie svaya hI uttaradAyI nahI hotA, varan use samaSTi ke prati bhI uttaradAyI honA paDatA hai| isalie use apane pApa-puNya ke prati adhika satarka rahanA paDatA hai| 1 jainendra kumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 61 / 2. jainendra kumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 20 (upodghAta-vIrendrakumAra gupta)

Page #59
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana jainendra ne apane kathAsAhitya me punarjanma ko anivArya rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai / unhone upanyAsa aura kahAniyo me punarjanma para tAtvika rUpa se vivecana to nahI kiyA he, kintu mRtyu ke bAda jIvana ke dvAra ko banda nahI mAnane / unake anusAra janma-mRtyu kA krama satat calatA rahatA hai / jainendra ke anusAra mRtyu ke anantara janma kI sthiti anivArya hai, kintu yaha nahI kahA jA sakatA ki amuka nAma kA viziSTa vyakti apane pUrvajanma ke karmo ke sahita punajanma gahaNa karatA hai / jainendra kI punarjanma sambandhI dhAraNA paramparAgata bhAratIya dArzanikA se bhinna he / jainendra kA vizvAsa he ki yadyapi granya mAnyatA bhI svIkArya ho sakatI hai, kintu ve bhI vyaktigata abhimata mAtra hI he, unheM parama satya ke rUpa me svIkAra nahI kiyA jA sakatA / jainendra apanI punarjanma sambandhI mAnyatA ko tarka aura draSTAnta ke dvArA puSTa karane kA prayAsa karate he / unhone puspAya ko bIca kI sthiti mAnA hai / janma aura karma ke manya vyakti kI samyitA hI puruSArtha hai kintu puruSArthI ke lie bhAgya kA sahArA athavA Izvara ke pati vizvAsa honA zrAvazyaka hai, kyoki korA puruSArtha nirAzA ke kSaNa se puna gati prApta karane kI kSamatA nahI detA, jaba ki malA vyakti puruSAya kI saphalatA ko bhAgya kA pariNAma mAnakara prasantuSTa nahI hotA / nandra kI bhAgya sambandhI vicAradhArA AstikatA ma madita hai / 54 niSkarSa jainendra ke sAhitya kA pUrNarUpeNa avalokana karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki unakA sAhitya svAnubhava kI bhUmikA para prAdhArita hai / hRdayagata atizaya vedanA hI sAhityarUpa me abhivyakta huI hai / ve svecchA se nagaka yA upanyAsakAra nahI hue / paristhitigata vivazatA hI unake lekhana kI preraka banI / zrataeva unhone grAsa-pAsa ke jIvana ko hI apanI anubhUti kA puTa dekara citrita kiyA hai / unhone jIvana ke zAzvata prazno kA samAdhAna apanI antadRSTi ke dvArA pradAna kiyA hai / cirantana prazno ke matya unhAne atyanta sUkSma dRSTi se praveza kiyA hai| unakI bauddhika sUkSmatA vyaktigata cintanazIlatA kA hI pariNAma hai| unhone kabhI bhI jJAnavardhana ke hetu zAstIya pustakA kA adhyayana nahI kiyA / unakI gahana cintana meM abhiruci nahI thii| jIvana me ghaTita ghaTanAo meM unhoMne tatva darzana kI jhalaka prApta kI hai| dharma, samAja, manovijJAna yAdi kisI bhI viSaya kA unhone apanI sabuddhi ke dvArA vivecana kiyA hai / satya ko jIvana se AtmasAt karake dekhane ke kAraNa unheM jIvana se bAhara satyAnveSaNa kI prAvazyakatA nahI pratIta huI /

Page #60
jainendra ke jIvana-darzana kI bhUmikA 55 vastuta jainendra ne jIvana ke vibhinna pakSo kA vizad vivecana kiyA hai / unakA jIvana-darzana kisI pakSa - vizeSa kA hI poSaka nahI hai / unhone jIvana vividhatA ke madhya santulana sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / Izvara ko svIkAra karate samaya ve jIvana kI sAmAnya ghaTanAo kI upekSA nahI karate / kyoki jIvana kI sArthakatA to sasAra me rahakara hI pUrNa hotI hai / ataeva jainendra sasAra me rahakara hI jIvana ko Izvaramaya banAnA cAhate hai / unakI prAstikatA jIvana ke vibhinna kSetro me spaSTata dRSTigata hotI hai / jainendra ke sAhitya aura darzana ko cAra khaNDo me vibhAjita karake spaSTa rUpa se samajhA jA sakatA hai -- ( 1 ) Izvara, (2) jIva, (3) adhyAtma, (4) rASTrIya jIvana kI samasyAe aura bAhya prabhAva / jainendra rASTrIya jIvana kI vividha samasAmayika samasyAo ke prati bahuta hI sajaga rahe hai / samAja, deza, rASTra aura antarrASTrIyatA se uttarottara ve vizvabandhutva kI bhAvanA kI ora hI unmukha hote jA rahe haiM / dharmanirapekSatA, bhASA, videza nIti, vigraha, praudyogIkaraNa kI nIti kA unhone vizad vivecana kiyA he / mAksavAda, pujIvAda, kamyunijma, samAjavAda Adi vibhinna vAdo ke sambandha meM apane vicAro ko vaicArika nibandho me prastuta kiyA hai / 'samaya aura hama unakI aisI racanA hai, jisame unhone deza-videza kI vibhinna nItiyo ko bhAratIya saMskRti ke pariprekSya me vivecita kiyA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti aura rAjanIti kA unake sAhitya para bahuta adhika prabhAva paDA hai / unakA saiddhAntika vivecana unakI vaicArika racanAo me prApta hotA hai, kintu una siddhAnto ko unhone mAnava jIvana ke sandarbha me apane upanyAsa aura kahAniyo meM darzAyA hai / 'sukhadA', 'vivarta', 'jayavardhana', 'muktibodha' meM vizeSa rUpa se rASTrIya jIvana kI samasyA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / jainendra kI samasta vicAradhArA ke mUla me mAnava- nIti hI mukhyarUpa se vidyamAna he / mAnava hita kI sApekSatA me hI ve kisI bhI mata yA Adarza ko grahaNa kara sake hai / unake jIvanAdarza para mahAtmAgAdhI kI ahisAtmaka nIti kA prabhAva spaSTata parilakSita hotA hai / gAdhI kI ahisA nIti mAtra jIva hisA ke sandarbha me hI prayukta nahI huI hai, varan use vyApaka artho me jIvana ke vividha pariprekSa meM prayukta kiyA gayA hai| deza-videza kI pArasparika mitratA, saujanya tathA eka-dUsare ke kaSTa me hone kI bhAvanA ke mUla me bhI unakI ahisAtmaka dRSTi hI vidyamAna hai / jainendra para jaina darzana kA prabhAva bhI pUrNata lakSita hotA hai| jaina dharma jainendra kA svadharma hai / apane sAhitya meM unhone yatra-tatra isa satyatA kI ora

Page #61
56 janendra kA jIvana-darzana yAna AkRSTa bhI kiyA hai tathApi ve kisI bhI barma aura sampradAya se pUrNata bave nahI hue hai| unakI mAnyatA sAra grahaNI pratIta hotI hai|

Page #62
pariccheda --2 jainendra ke Izvara sambandhI vicAra Izvara ke astitva kA bodha "jisake bAre me hama kucha nahI batA sakate, usake bAre me cupa rahanA cAhie / ' vitnstIna kI yaha ukti yadyapi Izvara ke astitva aura svarUpa para pUrI taraha sahI utaratI hai, taba bhI mAnava kI buddhi aura usakI vANI Izvara ke viSaya me kabhI bhI niSkriya nahI rahI / " sRSTi kI vyApakatA, vyavasthA tathA nirantara janma-maraNa ke krama ko dekhate hue mAnava mana me sadaiva yaha jijJAsA rahI hai ki isa samasta dRzya jagat ke pIche koI parama sattA gradRzya rUpa se avazya kArya kara rahI hai| sUrya kA prakAza, dina-rAta kA kramika Agamana eva virAT prakRti hI usa parama sattA kI abhivyakti hai / prAsthAparaka manISiyoM ne paramasattA ke astitva ko apanI hArdika zraddhA aura vizvAsa ke AdhAra para hI svIkAra kiyA hai| unhe apane paramezvara ke astitva ko siddha karane ke lie tarka kA sahArA nahI lenA paDA / unakI dRSTi me 'Izvara hai' aura vahI ekamAtra zakti sampanna hai, isa vizvAsa ke sammukha sAre tarka aura bauddhika vAgjAla mithyAvAda kA poSaNa karate hue pratIta hote hai / vizvAsI ke samakSa Izvara ko tarka dvArA siddha karane kA prazna hI nahI uThatA / bhautikatAvAdI vicAraka indriya pratyakSa ko hI satya mAnate hai / unakI dRSTi me Izvara indriyagocara nahI hai, isalie Izvara nAma kI kisI parama sattA kA prazna hI 1 jainendra kumAra 'samaya prora hama', dillI, pra0 sa0, 1962, pR0 14 /

Page #63
janendra kA jovana dazana nahI utthtaa| sRSTi ke samasta kriyA-kalApo kA sivAya prakRti ke prora kauna kAraNa ho sakatA hai|' jainendra kI prAstikatA __jainendrajI parama aAsthAvAn, vicAraka aura lekhaka hai| nakA samagra jIvana aora sAhitya IzvarIya gAsthA aura prema ke raga meM ragAhamA hai| unakI AstikatA hI unake sAhitya kI AtmA hai, jo viSama meM virAma miti me bhI vyakti ko TUTane nahI detii| apane jIvana kI viSama sthitiyo kI vibhinna khAI-khandako ko pAra karate hue hI vaha Aja sAhitya ke mAnanIya sthala para zrAsIna hai| lekhaka ke jIvana kA hI adhikAza sAhitya me avatarita hotA hai| apane jIvana kI satyatA ko baha parokSa athavA aparokSa rUpa se kahI-na-kahI avazya hI pAyita kara detA he athavA usakI AtmA me antarbhata satya svaya bhI yatra-tatra pakaTa ho uThatA hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me tyApta mArayA, gamarpaNa ora nimimAnitA tayA bhAgyavAditA ke mUta me usakI Izvara parAyaNatA kI pratyakSa mA. gTigata hotI hai| jainendra mAno eka sAcA yora sAhitya unakI mAtA kA pramukha aga he / sAhitya hI unakA bhAva vibhoratA kI abhivyakti kA upAdAna banA hai| upanyAsa, kahAnI, nibannAmAdiko racanA unhona sAhitya-jagat me yogadAna dene kI abhilASA sa na ra svAnubhUti kI abhivyakti yA Izvara-upAsanA ke rUpa meM kI hai| jainendra kI dRSTi meM Izvara ko tarka yA vivAda dvArA nahIM giga kiyA jA sktaa| vivAda me 'maiM' kI puSTi hotI hai, hamArI AstikatA hI nahI / prAstikatA to nirvivAda tathya hai| Izvara ko prApta kara dI mAnava kI mAkAkSA bhrama nahI hai, kyoki anAdi kAla meM yaha jijJAsA aba taka calI grA rahI hai / yadi Izvara kI khoja mAnava kA pAgalapana hotI to kabhI utanI dara taka Tika nahI sakatI thii| 'hA, jo AstikatA TUTa jAtI hai, vaha mAstikatA hI nahI / 2 . aha ke rahate hue Izvara kI prApti asambhava hai| Izvara dvandra me nahI hai, vaha to do ke bIca aikya me hai athavA 'maiM' se visarjana ma hai| jainendra kI dRSTi meM 'ba~da jaba samandara meM mila jAyagI taba savAla hI kucha nahIM rhegaa| para yo bUda cAhe kitanI phaile, kitanI hI phUle samudratA usake lie aprAya hI 1 dA0 rAdhAkRSNana 'bhAratIya darzana', dillI, 1966, pR0 228 (savaM mindrAta sagraha 2 5) 2 jainendrakumAra 'prastuta prazna', dillI, 1966, pR0 108 /

Page #64
jainendra ke Izvara sambandhI vicAra banI rhegii| Izvara sambandhI dArzanika aura vaijJAnika dRSTi __sasAra me yadi kucha nitya, ananta aura nirvikAra hai to vaha Izvara athavA brahma hI hai| pAzcAtya dArzaniko kI brahma sambandhI vividha mAnyatAe pracalita he / kintu sabakI dRSTi me parama sattA eka hI he aneka nahI hai| dharma, sabhyatA aura sarakRti ke vaibhinya ke kAraNa Izvara ke aneka nAma aura rUpa hai, kintu saba kucha eka ko sUcita karate hai| cAhe use Izvara kahe yA brahma, gaoNDa kahe yA khudA / islAma dharma aneka devI-devatAo kA kaTTara virodhI hai| Astika vicArako ke atirikta nAstika anIzvaravAdI hote hue bhI yaha mAnate hai ki eka parama satya avazya hai aura usa satya ko jAnane kI jijJAsA hamame sadaiva banI rahatI hai / Adhunika vaijJAniko me bhI kisI adRzya rahasya ke udghATana kI hI prabala AkAkSA hai, jisase ve tala taka pahuMca kara yaha dekhanA cAhate hai ki vahA kyA hai ? grAstika ke lie satya sahaja svIkArya hai| kintu vaijJAnika use nakAra kara bhI apratyakSa rUpa se svIkAra karane kI sthiti me hI pahucanA cAhatA hai, kintU ugakI jijJAsA kA kahI anta nahI hai| cAda taka pahacane ke prayAsa meM usakI yahI inchA chipI huI hai ki dekhe cAda me kyA hai ? vastuta dArzanika aura vaijJAnika dono hI satya kI khoja me hai| eka me jijJAsA aura anubhUti hai, dUsare me buddhi aura tarka dvArA pramANita karane kA prayatna hai| vaijJAnika buddhi aura tarka ko sAmane upasthita kara denA cAhatA hai, kintu dArzanika mabuddhi dvArA satya ke svarUpa aura usake astitva kA anubhava karatA hai / prataeva darzana aura vijJAna kA lakSya satya kI prApti hote hue mArga bhinna hai| kintu Aja samaya kI mAga yahI hai ki dono ke mArga kI gaharI khAI paTa jAye / arthAt una dono me eka-dUsare ko mithyA aura nirarthaka siddha karane kI bhAvanA na ho, varan karma kI dRDhatA aura usame vizvAsa kI pragADhatA ho / sAhitya vaha bhUmi hai, jisa para samasta vibheda athavA pArthakya ko aikya kI dizA kA aimA nirdeza prApta ho sakatA hai, jo vyAvahArika jIvana ke hetu upayukta ho| sAhitya jIvana kI kalA hai| jainendra prAsthAvAna dArzanika hai| unhone vaijJAnika viveka mammata buddhi ko svIkAra karate hue bhI paramezvara ke sandarbha meM AsthA kA hI prAcala pakaDA hai| apanI hArdikatA ko ve kisI bhI pala choDa hI nahI paate| vizvAsa ko chUTatA hummA dekhakara sambhavata ve apane 1 jainendra kumAra sAhitya kA zreya aura preya', dillI, 1953, pR0 106 /

Page #65
60 jainendra kA jovana-darzana jIvana ko hI naSTa hotA huA dekhate he / vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki jaba se unhone sAhitya sRjana kA mArga apanAyA taba se prAdyanta ve grapane sAhitya me carama grAstika prora IzvaravAdI sAhityakAra aura dArzanika ke rUpa me hI hote he / dArzanika ho athavA sAhityakAra, pratyeka kA apanA eka vicAra para hotA he jisa prora vaha satat gatizIla hotA hai / vicAra vyakti ke sarakArI ke hI pariNAma samajhe jA sakate hai / jainendra yadyapi janma se jainI he, tathApi bhAratIya saskRti ke vividha ga - upAgo se ve pUrNata taTastha nahI hai / unake vicAro para vedAnta, upaniSad, gItA Adi me nihita IzvarIya AsthA kI pUrNa jhalaka spaSTa dRSTigata hotI hai / vaidika kAla me eka parama satya kI nAnA devI - devatA ke rUpa pUjA aura prarcanA Tigata hotI hai / upaniSado me bhI Izvara kI sarvavyApti para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / Izvara sarvavyApta hai, tathApi vaha itanA sUkSma he ki indriyagamya nahI ho pAtA hai / brahma kI sUkSmatA goragaratA usake prastitva kA niSedha nahIM kara sakatI / jagata brahma kI parityakti hai / brahma ke guNo kA anta nahI he neti neti isa prakAra kA vizeSaNa brahA kI anantatA ko hI dyotita karatA hai / jena darzana jaina dArzaniko kI Izvara sambandhI vicAradhArA veda ra upaniSado se bhinna hai / jaina darzana pranIzvaravAdI hai| tIryAkara hI jainiyo ke sarvaza hai / ' tIrthakara yaha hai, jisane apane samasta pUrva karmoM ko naSTa karake sAgArika bandhano se mukti prApta kara lI hai / vaha AtyAtmika kSetra meM zviravAdI vicArako me brahma ke sadRzya sthAna prApta karatA hai / ' tIrthaMkara pranya logo ke lie prAdarza ke pAtra hote hai| jainiyo kA tIrthakara siddha athavA garhata upanipadIya brahma ke hI samakSa hai / hA, jainiyo kA Izvara sRSTi kA saMcAlaka thavA vinAzaka nahI hai / ' 1 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana 'darzana digdarzana', 1947, ilAhAbAda, pR0sa0, 386, 410 / 2 eena upAdhyAya 'di jaina kanasepzana Apha DivAIniTI', 1968 BETR A' GEZUR GESTE SGCHIGHL INDIANSHESTCH RIET FUR ERICH FRAUW ALLNIR Pg 390 3 vahI, pR0 360-362 /

Page #66
jainendra ke Izvara sambandhI vicAra pAzcAtya dRSTi pAzcAtya dArzaniko ne bhI eka parama sattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai / antara yaha hai ki pAzcAtya dArzaniko ne adhikAzata satya ko siddha karane ke lie tarka aura buddhi kA sahArA liyA hai| breDale ne 'parama satya' ko anubhavagamya rUpa me svIkAra kiyA hai / 61 Adhunika vicArako kI prAstikatA Adhunika yuga ke bhAratIya dArzaniko aura vicArako ne bhI eka satya kI sattA svIkAra kI hai / svAmI vivekAnanda, paramahasa, ravindranAtha Taigaura, DA0 rAdhAkRSNana, gAdhIjI Adi mahAna vibhUtiyo ne Izvara ke astitva ko zradvA aura vizvAsa ke AdhAra para svIkAra kiyA hai / vibhinna pAzcAtya bhAratIya prAcIna tathA Adhunika dArzaniko ke sandarbha me jainendra AdhyAtmikatA tathA vijJAnavAda ke sadhisthala para khaDe AsthA-paraka dArzanika hai / yadyapi jainendra sAhityakAra he aura unheM paramparAgata dArzanika paramparA me vivecita karanA prasagata pratIta hotA he tathApi jainendra ke sAhitya me vyakta dArzanikatA ko samajhane ke lie uparokta vividha dArzaniko kA vaicArika dRSTikoNa jAnanA nivArya thA / darzana ke kSetra me vivekAnanda ne Adhunika yuga me sarvaprathama bhautika ra AdhyAtmika jagata me sAmanjasya sthApita karane kA prayatna kiyA thA, kintu sAhitya jagat meM hame vahI prayatna jainendra dvArA dRSTigata hotA hai / darzana jIvana kA saMddhAntika pakSa hai to sambhavata sAhitya usakA vyApArika pahalU hai / sAhitya ke jIvanta pAtro me jIvana ke satya atyanta hI prabhAvotpAdaka rUpa me ghaTita hote hue dRSTigata hote hai / jainendra ke anusAra Izvara hai aura vahI saba kucha hai / zeSa saba usI ke hone kI pratIti hai / samasta mAnavIya kriyAsro tathA jaDajagata kA preraka bhI ekamAtra Izvara hI hai / jainendra kI AstikatA unake bhAvAtmaka jIvana kI AdhArazilA hai / unakI racanAtro ke pAtra parama prAstika aura bhAgyavAdI hai / 'samaya aura hama' unakI eka vicArapUrNa dArzanika kRti hai / usakA prathama prazna hI Izvara ke astitva tathA prAstikatA kA pratyakSa pramANa hai / jainendra kI navInatama kRti jo abhI aprakAzita hai, usame unhone apane Izvara aura tatsabadhI vicAro kA vizad vivecana prastuta kiyA hai, jisakI puSTi unake sRjanAtmaka sAhitya meM sahaja kI upalabdha ho jAtI hai / sRSTi hai isalie usakA sUSTA bhI hai jainendra kI dRSTi me isa virAT sRSTi ko calAne vAlA zAnta vyakti

Page #67
jenandra kA jIvana-darzana nahI he, varan koI asIma sattA he / 'honahAra' dvArA Izvara ke astitva kI hI puSTi hotI hai| unakI dRSTi me brahmANDa ko aAdamI nahI calA rahA hai| jagatagati jisa niyama se cala rahI hai, vaha nizcaya hI isa baratI nAma ke graha para manuSya nAma kA prANI nahI hai / varan usakA sRSTA paramezvara hai| jainandrajI sRSTi ko mAnane ke kAraNa sRSTA ko bhI mAnate hai / ' virATa prakati kI ananta kriyApro me sUryodaya aura sUryAsta nadI ke satat pravAha kAla kI anantatA ke mUla me IzvarIya zakti hI vidyamAna hai, jo ki samasta prakatigata kAya meM eka anviti prora sAtatya ko utpanna karatI hai| Izvara ko tarka dvArA siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA buddhivAdI vizleSaNAtmaka dRSTi dvArA Izvara ko prakhaNDa rUpa meM svIkAra karane meM asamartha hote hai| taka ke dvArA Izvara ke astitva ko siddha karane me asamartha vicAraka Izvara ke hone me hI sandeha karate hai / jainendra kI to baDha AsthA hai ki yadi 'asti' zabda kisI ke lie prayukta ho sakatA hai to vaha mAtra Izvara he / 'he' kI anantatA meM kevala Izvara hI samAyA lagA hai| nalineti kahakara bhI usake astitva ko hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| pANo ma ti neti dvArA satya se inkAra nahI, varan svIkAra para bala diyA jAtA hai| jainendra ke anusAra paramatatva ke lie neti se sahI paribhASA dusarI nahI ho sktii| unakI dRSTi me neti me tatva kucha nahI hai, usame artha hai to yaha gaya hai ki mAnavabhASA apUrNa hai / aura jo jJAta he jJAtavya sadA usaga gAga hai| jo hai vaha nakAra nahI hai| paramAtmA inkAra tanika bhI nhii| vaha saba kA sarvayA svIkAra anantara me jainendra ke inhI vicAro kI spaSTata mAnaka milatI hai| unakI dRSTi meM Izvara prakhaNDa brahma hai tathA buddhi kI paraca ma para hai| prata jAnane ke dvArA hama usa jAna nahI sakate / isIlie ajJeya aura adRzya ko jAnane aura zabdo me vyakta karane kI ceSTA meM vyakti kI ahatA kA prAgraha hI dRSTigata hotA hai / jainendra ke anusAra Izvara vyakti kI carcA kA viSaya nahI bana sakatA / astitva svaya me prazna nahI honA cAhie / prazna hAtA hai jaba 1 jainendrakumAra 'prazna aura prazna', dillI, 1966, pR0 sa0 6 0 / 2 'mai Astika hU aura sRSTi ko mAnane ke kAraNa sraSTA ko bhI mAnatA hai|' --jainendrakumAra 'prazna aura prazna', dillI, 1966, pR0 364 / 3 jainendrakumAra 'kalyANI', pR0 68 /

Page #68
janendra ke zvira sambandhI vicAra astitva se alaga hote hai aura hama saba alaga hI hai / astitva kI jagaha hama asmitva hai / paratutva Izvara akhaNDa ikAI hai| Izvara ko lekara prazna to hamAra 'ma' bhAva ke kAraNa hI hotA hai, anyathA to Izvara kA astitva nirvivAda hI hai| gata paramezvara ko mAnakara svaya se chuTakArA pAnA cAhatA hai, kintu Izvara / mAnane meM nAnA mAnyatAe phalita hotI hai| vividha mAnyatApro ke kAraNa kAra kI akhaNDatA para AghAta hotA hai / ataeva jainendra Izvara sambandhI / gAtAno ko ucita nahI samajhate / unakI dRSTi me Izvara carcA kA iii hai| isalie isa sandarbha me unhe bhaTakanA bhI nahI pddtaa| jainandra tAra ko jAnane ke yatna me vyakti kI ahatA ke hI darzana karate hai| unakI pi me vyakti kA yaha socanA ki 'mai Izvara ko jAna sakatA hU~' korA mi" yAvAda ||d bhalA kaba sAgara ko jAna sakatI hai / bUda to kevala rAmu me samAna 2 prasmi' ko 'asti' me khokara hI pA sakatI hai, isI prakAra manApa ra ma sokara hI usakA anubhava kara sakatA hai / Izvara sAkSAtkAra ke full fortii, varana antardRSTi arthAt prajJA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / IIIT to hama usakA anubhava kara sakate hai / Izvara kI prApti ho / ga gote lagAne se hI hotI hai / tarkavAda dvArA anAsthA kI .. . / ravIndranAtha Taigora ne bhI antardRSTi para bala dete hue spii|| / / . 1 ga sahaja jJAnAtmaka antardRSTi se hama Izvara ko dekha mA...' . . nahI prApta ho sakatI / buddhi usa daivI rahasya janendra kI takanya prAmyA . . . matva ko siddha karane ke prayatna me svaya ko ulajhAte nahI / ra mAranA kA astitva akATya hai, kyoki usa parama zakti ke prAgAramAnA gambhava aura nirAdhAra hai / ve bauddhika jijJAsA dvArA bhI // . . . mAna karate hai, jo unake atyanta hI nikaTa hai| unakI AmA ra anya vastuno kI satyatA ko svIkAra karane me 1. nimAra 2. . ..', dillI, 1968, pra0 sa0, pR0 85 / ! ravIndra darzana', dillI, 1662, anu0 jJAnavatI ravIndra darzana', dillI, 1663, pR0 63 (anu0 3. nA jJAnadIvAra)

Page #69
64 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana asamartha hai / jainendra Izvara kI anubhUti ke kSaNoM me itane vibhora ho jAte hai ki unhe apane astitva kA bhI bhAna nahI rahatA / ve siddha karane kA prayatna nahI karate ki Izvara hai, varan unakA vizvAsa he ki vahI he / ' unakA vizvAsa hai ki nadiyA saba samudra meM giratI hai isI taraha vizvAsa saba Izvara meM pahucatA hai / vizvAsa me hama apane prApako choDa de to Izvara ke sivA pacane lie hamAre pAsa koI gati nahI raha jAtI hai / yaha vizvAsa carama zakti ke prati hotA hai / yaha Avazyaka nahI ki usa zakti kA rUpa eka hI ho / hindU, islAma, IsAI, sikkha Adi dharmoM ke vizvAsa bhinna hai, kintu dUsarA koI pratara nahI paDatA / samasta vizvAsa eka usI carama sattA me hI samAhita hote hai / ata Izvara ke astitva ke lie vivAda uThAnA nirathaka hai / vivAda mai athavA mere mata kI svIkRti ke haTha me se hI prAdurbhUta hotA hai / kintu graha athavA 'maiM' ke visarjana me bheda yA matavAda kI sthiti nahI raha jAtI / saba AtmA usa paramAtmA kI aza mAtra he / saba me usakA hI prakAza vyApta | jainendra ke anusAra jaba taka grAdamI me tarka maujUda he taba taka Izvara vivAda aura vyarthatA kA viSaya hI banA rahane vAlA hai / vRddhA kA viSaya nahIM ho sakatA / Izvara ke prati vizvAsa rakhane ke kAraNa hI vyakti ke jIvana kI nAnA kaThinAiyA sahaja hI dUra ho jAtI hai / vaha hame kaSTa dekara kavana saceta karatA hai / ravIndranAtha Taigora kA bhI yahI vizvAsa he / unakI dRSTi me prema ke 1 jainendra kumAra 'jainendra pratinidhi kahAniyA' - sampAdaka zivanandanaprasAda, dillI, pra0 sa0, 1666 'vaha hai, vaha hai / ' 'kahA hai ? kahA ' saba kahI, saba kahI hai / aura hama hama nahI / vaha hai / pR0 63 / 'Izvara kI vyaktigata anubhUti ke sAkSI pUrva me hI nahI hai / sukarAta aura pleTo, ploTinasa aura pophirI, prAgasTAina aura dAte tathA anya asalya vyakti Izvara ke anubhava ke sAkSI hai / Izvara kA anubhava sRSTi ke yAdi se hI logo ko hotA rahA hai aura vaha kisI deza yA jAti taka sImita nahI hai / ' ? -- DA0 rAdhAkRSNan 'jIvana kI prAdhyAtmika dRSTi', pR0 sa0 528 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'prazna aura prazna', pR0 85 /

Page #70
jainendra ke Izvara sambandhI vicAra 65 kAraNa hI paramAtmA kaSTa bhejatA hai / vastuta Izvara kA vizvAsa prAdamI kI ast madada karatA hai / jainendra ke pAtra apane jIvana kI viSama sthitiyo me bhI IzvarIya AsthA kA sahArA lie hue jIvanayApana karate hai / prAsthA ke rahate hue nirAzA prathavA vizvAsa kI bhAvanA yA hI nahI sakatI / vyakti ko pratyeka karma ke phala me honahAra kI preraNA hI dRSTigata hotI hai / 'pradhe kA bheda' me adhA bhikhArI, 'tyAgapatra' kI mRNAla, sukhadA Adi pAtra apane antara me nihita vizvAsa ke kAraNa bhI chUTane nahI pAte / 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAnta' jainendra ne spaSTa svIkAra kiyA hai ki 'jisake prati aTUTa vizvAsa aura zraddhA hai, usake dvArA nirAzA, parAjaya milane para azraddhA utpanna hotI hai / kintu sUkSmatA se dekhe to prazraddhA aura avajJA kI yaha ghoratA vizvAsa kI TUTana nahI hai, hamArI apekSAo ke TUTane kI hI pratikriyA hai / ' advaita dRSTi jainendra mUlata advaitavAdI hai / brahma eka hai / hara do ke bIca me ekya hai / unakI dRSTi me dvaita Tika nahI pAtA / jahA dvaita dRSTigocara bhI hotA hai, vaha do nahI, varan eka hI parama satya kI abhivyakti hai / eka hI satya ke do rUpa he / jainendra ke anusAra jisa prakAra phala aura rasa me koI antara nahI hai / usI prakAra Izvara ke vividha rUpo me bhI koI pArthakya nahI hai / hamArI bhASAgata sImA hI bheda utpanna kara detI he anyathA parama satya eka hI hai / jainendra kI advaitavAdI vicAra-dhArA dArzanika kSetra me koI navIna dena nahI hai / prAcya tathA pAzcAtya adhikAza dArzaniko meM advaita tatva kI hI pradhAnatA hai / vaidika kAla se lekara dhunika kAla ( 20vI zatI) taka ke dArzaniko me yahI dhArA mukhyata mAnya rahI hai / jaina dArzanika anIzvaravAdI hote hue bhI eka hI 'parama sattA' (tIrthAkara) para vizvAsa karate hai / gItA meM varNita sarvopari brahma eka nirvikAra sattA hai / jainendra kI advaitavAdI vicAradhArA vizuddha advaitavAdiyo kI sI nahI hai / yadyapi ve kahI bhI upaniSado ke prabhAva ko svIkAra nahI karate, tathApi unake sAhitya antata bhakti bhAvanA ke mUla me upaniSadIya vicAro kI jhalaka spaSTata ta hotI hai / sambhavata bhAratIya darzana ke tatva saMskAravaza yatra-tatra dikhAI dete hai / bhakti bhAvanA se pUrNa hone ke kAraNa unake Izvara sambandhI vicAra pUrNa 1 jainendrakumAra 'samaya, samasyA praura siddhAnta' (aprakAzita ) pR0sa0 126 / 2 'eko satya viprA bahudhA vadanti' jainendrakumAra 'anantara', 1668, pra0 95 /

Page #71
jainendra kA jovana-darzana advaitavAdI nahI pratIta hote tathApi ve vizva kI akhaNDatA, epha brahma kI zakti para pUrNa vizvAsa karate hai| dvaita sAsArika tathya hai / aikya AdhyAtmika satya hai / jIva aura brahma kA aikya hI jIvana kA parama lakSya hai| jainendra ke anusAra jova kA astitva apane me apUrA he / hamame eka-dUsare kI aura phira zeSa kI AvazyakatA meM rahatA hai / isalie taba jIvAtmA kA jo akhaNDa cinmaya srota hai, brahma hai, vahI hai / aisA mAnakara hamArA jIvatva khaNDita ke bajAya akhaNDa hotA hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me zakara kA bhI yahI Azaya hai| bheda to UparI mAyA taka hI parimita hai| usakI dRSTi me samasta cetanya se astitva kA, usa akhaNDa brahma se abhinA bhAva sabadha hai / jainendra ke anusAra sRSTi me brahma aura jIva do sattA nahI hai / pratIti hame dvaita kI hotI hai, kintu yadi nirA dvaita hI hotA to pratIti taka sabhava kaise hotI ? isalie usa aneka rUpa pratIti ke rahate ekatA kA pratyaya anivArya ho jAtA hai| 'maiM' athavA alagAva hI dukha kA kAraNa hai, kyoki mere 'me' bhAva ke rahate hue brahma se sAkSAtkAra asambhava hai / jaba 'maiM' miTa jAtA hai, arthAt use apanI ahatA kA bodha nahI rahatA vaha 'para' arthAt Izvara pa me hI lIna rahatA hai, tabhI satya kI upalabdhi sambhava ho sakatI hai| AdhyAtmika dRSTi se hI nahI, vyAvahArika jagata meM bhI dvaita kI anantatA sambhava nahI hai| jagata kI sAyakatA dvaita para Azrita hai, kintu jIvana kA lakSya advaita kI prApti honA cAhie / jainendra ke samagra mAhitya ma yaha Adarza spaSTata dRSTigata hotA hai| upaka pAtra sadaiva advaita kI aora pravRta hote hue daSTigata hote haiN| unakI dRSTi ma dvaita dvandva kA mUla hai| ataeva dvaita me pAra jAkara hI vyakti zAnti aura satya kI prApti kara sakatA hai| dvaita se Upara advaita hI vaha parama satya hai, jise unhAna Izvara rUpa me abhivyakta kiyA hai| parama advaita jIva ke sAtha jisa prakAra eka hai, vaise hI eka hai jaDa ke sAtha bhii| Izvara kI parama sattA me dvaita ko avakAza nahI hai| dvaita kA sthAna hamase hai| jahA yuddha hai, do pakSa hai vahA bhI abheda kI sambhAvanA hai, kyoki laDate hue unake bIca eka jamIna rahatI hai, jahA ve sadhi para pA sake / ' 1 jainendrakumAra 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAta', pR0 44 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 45 / / 3 jainendrakumAra jainendra kI kahAniyA', (bhAga 1, naI vyavasthA), 1962, pra0 sa0, dillI, pR0 sa0 168 /

Page #72
jainendra ke Izvara sambandhI vicAra 67 devI-devatA me avizvAsa RgvedakAlIna aneka devI-devatAo me jainendra kA vizvAsa nahI hai| jaina dharmAvalambI hone ke kAraNa unhone satya ke anekAntika rUpa ko svIkAra kiyA hai / unakI dRSTi me vizvAsa ke anusAra pratyeka vyakti yA varga ke alaga-alaga devatA ho sakate hai, kyoki Aja bhI koI sUrya kA upAsaka hai, koI durgA kA to koI gaNeza kA, kintu sabhI ke mUla me eka hI parama satya kA prakAza vidyamAna hai| usI kI zakti saba meM vyApta hai| hamArI bhAvanA vibhinnatA kI kalpanA karatI hai, kintu yathArtha me ekatA hI satya hai / jyo-jyo mAnava-bodha vikasita hotA gayA, tyo-tyo vibheda ko miTAkara eka parama satya kI kalpanA jIvana ke lie Avazyaka pratIta hone lagI / yahI kAraNa hai ki vaidikakAlIna aneka devI-devatA upaniSad aura bhAgavat kAla ke eka parabrahma ke rUpa me hI svIkRta ho jAte hai| jainendra Izvara ke sambandha me vibheda ko nirapekSa rUpa se nahI svIkAra kara skte| 'naI vyavasthA' me unhone pUrva kI paramparA aura pazcima kI paramparA dvArA Izvara ke sambandha meM vyakti kI dUrI ko hI vyakta kiyA hai| unakI dRSTi meM eka mata dUsare mata se Upara uThane aura apanI satyatA ko pramANita karane meM adhikAdhika gauravAnvita ho jAtA hai| eka Izvara ko satya mAnane se sAre vizvAsa usI me samAkara aikya kI pratiSThA karate hai kintu aneka devI-devatAo ko mAnate hue unhI para bhaTaka jAne me dRSTi kI sakIrNatA aura matavAda ko hI prazraya milatA hai, hRdayagata zraddhA aura vyApaka dRSTi vilupta ho jAtI hai|' Izvara . svayabhU prazna uThatA hai ki yadi Izvara eka hai vaha eka parama satya hai to usa satya kA kyA svarUpa hai ? kyA vaha vyakti dvArA grAhya ho sakatA hai / yadi vaha nirAkAra amUrta aura ananta hai to vaha sAnta vyakti dvArA svIkAra ho pAtA hai ? kyA Izvara kI utpati huI hai athavA vaha svayabhU hai ? Adi aneko prazna jainendra ke sAhitya me samAdhAna DhUDhane ke hetu uTha khaDe hote hai| Izvara utpanna nahI huA / vaha sRSTi kA Adi mUla kAraNa hai, svayabhU hai / jisakI utpatti hotI hai, usakA vinAza bhI nizcita hai| janma aura maraNa kA krama anivArya rUpa se calatA hai| kintu Izvara na janmatA hai, na maratA hai / vaha parama AtmA hai / 'gItA' meM bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki vaha kabhI nahI janmA aura na vaha mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai aura cUki usakA Adi nahI, isalie ata 1 jainendrakumAra 'naI vyavasthA' (jainendra kI kahAniyA, bhAga 1), pR0 173 /

Page #73
68 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana bhI nahI he / ' jainendra bhI Izvara ko svayaMbhU mAnate hai / unakI dRSTi me 'Izvara' zabda kI dhvani meM hI he ki vaha paidA nahI hotA, phira kisI se paidA hone kA prazna hI nahI uThatA / vaha kevala hai / isa taraha vaha anAdi athavA Adi kAraNa hai, para kAraNa aisA ki kArya usase bAhara ho nahI sakatA / ' saba kucha hai aura usa saba kI samaSTi hI Izvara hai / Izvara samagratA tathA akhaNDa meM hai / vaijJAnika sidvAnto ke anusAra yadi kucha hai to usakA kAraNa avazya hogA / zUnya me prastitva kI kalpanA nirAdhAra hai / isa siddhAMta ke AdhAra para hama Izvara ko prakRti se utpanna huA nahI mAna sakate / kyoki jaDa-jagat asat he aura usakA astitva bhI Izvara ke astitva ke hI kAraNa sambhava hai / svaya meM usakA koI mahatva nahI / prata asat se sat ( paramezvara) kI utpati kI kalpanA nahI kI jA sakatI / Izvara ko kArya bhI nahI mAnA jA sakatA, kyoki kArya hone me usame parama tatva kA abhAva ho jAyegA / vaha to Adi hai, usake pUrva kucha bhI nahI / kAyakAraNa ke cakkara meM anavasthA doSa kI sabhAvanA rahatI hai prarthAt kisI vastu ke kAraNa kI khoja ananta taka kI jAyegI para phira bhI usase samAdhAna na hogA / ata mAnanA hogA ki gatyaka janmazIla vastu kI utpati kisI aisI vastu se hAtI hai jo svayaM praja tathA sraSTA hai / Izvara kA svarUpa vastutazvira ke astitva ko jAnane ke anantara usake svarUpa ko jAnanA bhI granivAya he / eka hI satya dRSTi-bheda ke kAraNa nAnA rUpAtmaka pratIta hotA hai / dvaitavAdI brahma rUpa hai, kintu vyAvahArika jagat meM brahma ko apane samIpa anubhava karane ke lie use svarUpa pradAna karanA Avazyaka hai / Izvara rUpa, prAkAra, mAnava hRdaya kI jijJAsA aura pyAsa kA pariNAma hai, brahma usakI bauddhika jijJAsA kA viSaya hai / mAnava-mana grAtma samarpaNa ke lie sadaiva utsuka rahatA hai / mAnava usI sthala para apane ko samarpita karanA cAhatA hai, jahA use kucha pAna ko zeSa na raha jAe, arthAt usakI samasta icchAe svayaM tRpta ho jAya / aisA parama zrAzraya sthala brahma kA Izvaramaya svarUpa hI hai / jainendra ne brahma 1 bhagavadgItA - 3, 2, 20 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 43 / 3 'bhagavadgItA' - 'Izvara zUnya se jagat kA nirmANa nahI karatA, varan apane sat svarUpa se karatA hai / '

Page #74
jainendra ke Izvara sambandhI vicAra ko 'Izvara' rUpa me hI svIkAra kiyA hai / jainendra pratyeka vicAra athavA dRSTi ko sApekSa rUpa me hI svIkAra karate hai / vyaktigata abhimata ko nirapekSa satya kI svIkRti nahI mila sakatI / jainendra ke anusAra 'Izvara kA svarUpa kisI dUsare ko choDakara koI eka nizcita ho nahI sakatA / isI se Izvara Izvara hai / suvidhA hama saba ko he ki apane mana kA svarUpa usako pahanA le / use rUpa me bAdhanA hamArI hI AvazyakatA hai / " isa prakAra Izvara ananta rUpAtmaka ho jAtA hai aura puna eka aisI sthiti AtI hai jaba saba rUpa usI ke ho jAte he / jainendra ke anusAra Izvara, allAha, gaoNDa Adi ko pRthak-pRthak sattA mAnane me prazna upAsya kA nahI, upAsaka kA hai / upAsaka kI niSThA hI upAsya ko satyatA pradAna karatI hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me yadi sampUrNa samarpaNa bhAva hai to upAsya satya ho hI jAtA hai / citra upAsya kA kRSNarUpa ho athavA krAisTa kA ho athavA anya kisI kA bhI hoyaha prazna vRthA hai / jo saMgata hai, vaha mAtra upAsaka kI hRdayagata satyatA hai / 1 jainendra ke anusAra yadi Izvara ke viziSTa rUpa ke prati AsthA sahaja bhAva se jAgrata hotI hai, taba usame upAsanA kI satyatA para zakA kI jA sakatI hai, kintu jaba prathAvaza upAsanA kI jAtI hai taba vaha dabAva ke nIce upAsaka me prapanI upAsanA se ulTe bhAva paidA karatI hai / isa prakAra ke mithyAcAra se upAsanA bhI mithyA bana jAtI hai / vastuta jainendra kI dRSTi me Izvara kA svarUpa cAhe kucha bhI ho upAsaka kI bhAvanA aura bhakti hI saccI honI cAhie / yahI kAraNa hai ki jainendra ke sAhitya me pAtro ko IzvarIya AsthA ke lie rUpa va prAkAra para Tikane kI AvazyakatA nahI huI hai / ye pratipala apane hRdaya meM Izvara ke prati niSThA rakhe hue hai / apanI prAstikatA ko poSita karate hai / vivAda dvArA ve bhakti ko khaNDita nahI karanA cAhate / aikya kI anubhUti hI antima satya ke rUpa me zeSa raha jAtI hai / sthUla buddhi dvArA nirAkAra brahma ko samabhAga sabhava nahI hai, ataeva bhAva aura zraddhA ke sahAre hI use rUpAkAra pradAna karake grAhya banAyA jA sakatA hai / bhagavadgItA me kRSNa kA virAT rUpa arjuna ko grAhya nahI ho pAtA aura vaha kRSNa se unake sAkAra tathA saumya rUpa ko puna dekhane ke lie prArthanA karane lagate hai / jainendra ke anusAra upAsya ko hama nirAkAratA ke kSetra se mAno utAra kara apane pAsa aura pratyakSa lene kI ceSTA kiyA karate haiM / paramezvara isa 1 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 44 / 2. 'zrImadbhagavadgItA adhyAya 11, zloka 45, gItApresa gorakhapura / 66

Page #75
70 janandra kA jIvana-darzana prakriyA me anAyAsa hamArI priya se priya mUrti kA rUpa grahaNa kara letA hai / yadyapi yaha satya hai ki paramezvara rUpa kA rUpAkAra ge nahI samA sakatA tathApi jainendra kI dRSTi me bhakta kI bhakti hI yaha akSamya sAdhanA kara pAtI hai| jainendra ke anusAra priya kI pratyakSa prathavA samakSa kalpanA karake upAmaka kI anurakti pora bhI bar3ha jAtI hai / una kI dRSTi meM prema kI pragADhatA pranAyAma jaba upAsanA karatI hai to upalabdhi gavika sugama pora sunizcita hai|' Izvara svarUpa ke sambandha me jainendra kA aisA vizvAsa hai ki jisame antima prora paripUrNa vizvAsa he vahI Izvara hai| jahA samapaNa mabhava ho use hI Izvara ra pa me bhihita karane meM unheM koI bAdhA nahI hai| vyakti me jo vizvAsa kI kSamatA aura anivAyatA he pora vahI paryApta pramANa he, vizvasanIyatA kI satyatA / Izvara prAnandasvarUpa jenandra ke anusAra Izvara prAnandamvarUpa hai|' prAnanda kA tatva na ho to jIvana hI mabhava nahI hai / hA, dukha kleza bhI uge anubhava hotA hai| makA kAraNa svaya aza meM prazatA kI panubhUti hai / vaha anubhuti dugamaya goliaa| hotI hai ki usake prAdhAra meM pUNatA ge vichoha hai| phira gI mocana vaya prAnanda kA sphUliga hai| jainendra kI daSTi meM prAkRtika suSamA ne bho IzvarIya AhAda ke hI dazana hote hai| unake anusAra- - 'aga agI kA pRthak bhAva jaba ki vedanA kA bodha detA hai / taba usake prabhAva prora sayoga bhAva meM eka sAtha prasAda kI anubhUti khila uThatI hai| kAraNa, prata prakRti meM jIvana saccidAnanda svarUpa hai| vyaSTi samaSTi ge alaga nahI hai| alaga kI pratIti hAte hI apuNatA aura vikRtiyA dIkhane lagatI hai|" jainendra kI uparokta vicAradhArA hI unake mAhitya kA mUla svara hai| unake sAhitya meM samAhita pIDA athavA vedanA kA pramukha kAraNa azata pratIti hI hai| jainendra ke adhikAza 'ma' kA bona hote hA samarpaNa ke lie payatnazIla dRSTigata hote hai / 'ma' athavA 'sva' ko 'para' ma vilIna karake ve ekamAtra parama satya arthAt Izvara kA sAkSAtkAra karanA cAhate hai| jagata ma unakA dvaita arthAt Izvara se viyoga banA rahatA hai| ve pIDA meM hI prAnanda kA anubhava karate hai, kintu unama sadaiva Izvara ke samakSa 1 jainendrakumAra 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAta', pR0 46 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAta', pR0 48 / 3 janendrakumAra 'samaya, rAmagyA aura sidvAta', pR0 48 / 4 vhii|

Page #76
jainendra ke Izvara sambadhI vicAra samapita ho jAne kI utkaTa lAlasA dRSTigata hotI hai| jainendra ke pAtro kI ahazUnyatA ke mUla me unakI IzvarIya AsthA ke hI darzana hote hai| isIlie jainendra Izvara ke premamaya rUpa ko hI svIkAra karate hai| satya hI Izvara gAvI ke anusAra 'satya hI Izvara hai / '' satya nirvayaktika tathA nirAkAra hai| vaha hamArI bhAvanA kA viSaya nahI bana sakatA / yadyapi gAdhI jI kA yaha vizvAsa pradAraza satya tathA upayogI hai ki satya ke aikya me sAmpradAyika vivAda kI prathama rahI hai / kyoki hindU, musalamAna, IsAI sabhI eka parama satya ko svIkAra karate hai / parama Astika hI nahI nAstika bhI satya ke astitva ko svIkAra karate hai / satya svaya akATya hai / vastuta binA kisI dvanda ke samasta matavAdo kI dhArA nadI ke sadRzya satya-sA sAgara meM samAhita ho jAtI hai| kintu 'Izvara' ko satya kahane para hindU dharma kA Izvara hI satya siddha ho pAtA hai pora nAstika tathA prAstika gADa aura khudA Adi kI satyatA vivAdAspada ho jAtI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki gAdhI jI ne satya ko hI Izvara mAnA / yadyapi jainen ko yaha gatya svIkAra hai, kintu satya hI Izvara hai, aisA mAnakara ve zvira ko nirvaiyaktika nahI rahane denA cAhate / Izvara mAnava ko aAvazyakatAao kA pUraka hai| use rUpa dekara rUpa me pratiSThita karake hama usake samakSa AtmasamarpaNa kara sakate haiN| samarpaNa ke abhAva me Izvara kI prApti asambhava hai| 'sva' kA vigalana hI Izvara prApti kA vAstavika mArga hai| satya ko Izvara mAnane me graha kA praza banA rahatA hai| rAma kA mUrti rUpa pratiSThita svarUpa hame sahaja hI gAnandamaya banA detA hai / zrImadbhAgavad gItA kA brahma bhI Izvara rUpa meM isI prakAra parigata ho gayA hai / jainendra ke dvArA brahma ko Izvara rUpa mAnane tathA ume bhakti prema Adi kA viSaya svIkAra karane me zrImadbhAgavad gItA kA prabhAva spaSTa hI paritakSita hotA hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me jaise-jaise usa mUrta aura saguNa me ekAtmatA pAne kI ceSTA hogI, vaise hI vaise vyakta avyakta, mUrta amUrta aura saguNa nirguNa banatA jAyagA / mAdhanA sAvaka ko AkAra kA sahArA dekara nirAkAra me uThatI hI jaayegii|' jainendra ke anusAra bhakta kI bhAvanA priyatama me mUrtita ho 1. mahAtmA gAdhI 'di vAyasa Apha TU tha', 1968, ahamadAbAda-'Tratha ija gA~na naziga ija nathiga elsa' ... 67 / 2 mahAtmA gAdhI nahI, pR0 66 / 3 jainendrakumAra 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAnta'--(aprakAzita) /

Page #77
72 jenendra kA jIvana-darzana jAtI hai| bhakta grapanI bhAvanA ke anukUla hI Izvara ko rUpa padAna karatA hai / tulasI, sUra kI bhAva saghanatA rAma, kaSNa ko anAyasa Izvara banA detI hai, parantu yadi ve tarka paddhati se aisA karanA cAhate to sabhava na hotA / vastuta jendra apane sAhityika kSetra me dArzanika hone ke sAtha hI sAtha bhakta aura Izvara ke ananya upAsaka bhI hai / bhaktikAlIna sUra, mIrA aura tulasI ke sadasya unakA hRdaya bhI prAtmasamarpaNa ke lie vikata hotA huA dRSTigata hotA hai / 'sAdhu kA haTha' kahAnI dRSTi me sAdhu kI atizaya vinamratA aura grahazUnyatA jenendra ke vicAro kI puSTi ke lie paryApta hai / jainendra ke anusAra Adhunika vijJAnavAdI yuga me saguNa sAkAra Izvara ke prati niSThA kA prabhAva he / buddhi kI zuSkatA me graha kA prAcurya he / satya kI khoja me hama graha kA hI poSaNa karate hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki grAja AsthAhIna samAja nirantara anIzvaravAdI hotA jA rahA he| jIvana meM rahI bhI sthiratA nahI hai / savatra samasyA prora ulabhAva he / jainendra ke anusAra sabakA samAdhAna Izvara kI pApti meM hI sambhava hai / upAsanA ke dvArA patthara kI mUrti meM bhI IzvarIya zakti ra svarUpa ke darzana hote hai / kintu mUrti kI upAsanA lie taparatA nivAsa hai / santrI zraddhA aura tatparatA ke abhAva mUrti pUjA khAtAmA raha jAyagI / pUjA kA vAstavika prayojana nahI pUrA ho sakegA / esI sthiti me nAstika kI kamazIlatA use prAstika se adhika zreNI kA upAsaka banA degI / " jainendra kI dRSTi me yadi jaDamUrti kI upAsanA karane vAlA vyakti bhakta he tathA Izvara ke yogya he to yatro ke sAtha apanI prayAgazAnA meM satat rata rahane vAlA vaijJAnika bhI kisI upAsaka se kama nahI hai / kintu vaijJAnika kI upAsanA me samaparaNa bhAva nahI jAgrata hotA / jainendra ke anusAra yadi vaijJAnika me 'sva' sevana kI jagaha samarpaNa kI vRtti me to vaha bhI prAstika se kama nahI hai | kintu dekhA yaha jAtA hai ki upAsya ke samakSa usakA sira nahI bhukatA, prAthanA nahI hotI, bhakti nahI phUTatI / vastuta Izvara kI prApti samaparaNa meM hI sambhava hA sakatI hai / niSkarpata yadi yaha kahe ki jainendra kA vyaktitva bhakta, sAhitkAra aura dArzanika kA samanvita rUpa he to atizayokti na hogI / ve svayaM ko Izvara kI virATatA ke samakSa parAjita huA-sA pAte hai / apanI isa parAjaya ko ve apanA 1 jainendrakumAra 'sAhitya kA zreya aura preya', dillI, 1653, pra0 sa0 pR0 162-163 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 51 /

Page #78
jainendra ke Izvara sambandhI vicAra saubhAgya hI samajhate hai / eka sthala para to ve svIkAra karate hai ki isa hAra ko kRtArtha bhAva se mAnanA sIkha gae hai| saguNa Izvara ___ jainendra ke anumAra parama satya vyakti se nirapekSa hai, isalie vaha parama satya anubhUti nirapekSa hai / vaha bauddhika jano ko tRpti de sakatA hai / itara ko mahAna sambaddhatA caahie| isalie gAdhI kA satya zeSa jano ke lie Izvara adhika satya hogA / gAdhI jI utanI saguNatA satya ko pahanAne kI AvazyakatA nahI samajhate / unhone nirguNa nirAkAra rUpa me satya ke prati apanA sampUrNa bhAva pradarzita kiyA / isalie jaba unhone kahA ki Izvara satya hai, kahane kI jagaha satya hI Izvara he para santuSTa hue to unhe bhagavat sthApanA ko mUrta rUpa pradAna karane kI AvazyakatA na thii| jainendra ke anusAra nirguNa nirAkAra me upalabdhi athavA anubhUti aura savedana kA bhAva grAhya nahI hai, isalie IzvaratA se maDita karake hI usa parama sat ko hama apane mana ke nikaTa lAte hai / usa nikaTatA kA gAdhyama hI pega athavA bhakti kahalAtA hai| isIlie bhakto ne yahA taka kahA hai ki hame bhagavAna nahI cAhie bhakti hI cAhie / bhakta ke lie bhakti hI priya aura nikaTa rahe, yahI usakI kAmanA hotI hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me bhagavAna aura bhakti kI uparokta satyatA prema me viyoga ke stara para dRSTigata hotI hai| unakI dRSTi meM viraha hI vaha sthiti hai, jisame prema athavA bhakti adhikAdhika ghanIbhUta hotI hai / isa prakAra jainendra ke anusAra bhagavAn ko 'sat tatva' ke tala se uThAkara mAnava, dayA, anubhUti me sanniviSTa kara liyA jAtA hai| prema hI bhagavAna hai, yaha isI sthiti kA tathya hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me pArasparika prema, sahAnubhUti eva sevA prAdi ke bhAvo me hI bhagavat bhakti kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| Izvara . premamaya jainendra kA sAkAra aura saguNa Izvara premamaya hai| prema hI Izvara kI prApti kA ekamAtra mAdhana hai / aura uttarottara sAdhana hI sAdhya bana jAte hai| jainendra prema ko hI Izvara mAnate hai / jisa prakAra gAdhI satya ko hI Izvara mAnate hai, usI prakAra jainendra prema ko hI Izvara mAnate hai| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki 'satya' se pare kucha bhI nahI hai / jo kucha bhI he vaha satya me hI samAhita hai| tathApi 1 jainendrajI se sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para prApta vicAra /

Page #79
74 jainendra kA jovana-dazana satya nirvaiyaktika hone ke kAraNa hI sahaja hI grAhya nahI ho sktaa| 'prema' vaiyaktika tatva hai| 'mUrti' Izvara prApti ke mArga kA avalamba hai| janenda ko to Izvara se bhI adhika prema priya hai kyoki Izvara kI ekAntika dhAraNA hobhI sakatI hai| usake nIce svArtha kA sevana bhI ho sakatA hai, kintu prema me mabhava nahI hai / ' Izvara ke nAma para vibhinna sampradAyo meM sadaiva saghapa hAta hA dekhA jAtA hai| kintu prema Uca-nIca, garIba-amIra, deza-videza pora jAtivAda ke bheda-bhAva ko pAra karatA huA abheda kI sthiti para hI AsIna hotA hai| jaba ki sAsArika prema kisI prakAra kI sImA ko svIkAra nahI karatA nA Izvara prema ke lie bandhana kI kalpanA hI nirarthaka hai| prema to mukta hai| vaha sabako apane me sameTa letA hai, bAdha letA hai| kintu bAdhakara bhI vaha mukta hai| yadyapi yaha virodhAbhAsa sA pratIta hotA hai ki prema bandhana bhI he ora mukti bhI, kintu satya isI virodha meM samAhita hai| do badha kara hI eka ho pAte hai / aikya me hI mukti hai / jainendra prema ke sivA kucha bhI mAnane ko taiyAra nahI hai| prama kA anivArya artha he sambandha / vaha badha jo sabage yukta hotA hai| prema gIta bhAva aha yUvata' nahI ho paataa| usame samapaNa kI bhAvanA gagAhA hogii| jainandra kA vizvAsa hai ki Izvara ko prema ke rUpa meM liyA jA mo) Titanya thA Izvara taka unakI dRSTi meM sarvathA aura sahaja hI anAvazya ho jAtA hai|' prema me hI saccI zAnti eva sukha kI anubhUti ho sakatI hai| Izvara-prema viyoga pradhAna jainendra prema kI sayogAtmaka sthiti kI apekSA viyogAtmaka sthiti ko adhika mahatvapUrNa mAnate hai / viyoga me prema kI tIvratA kama nahI hotI, varan aura bhI dviguNita ho uThatI hai| jaba taka Izvara kI prApti nahI hotI taba taka viyoga pakSa hI pradhAna rahatA hai / viraha prema meM hI prema palatA hai / 'jayavadhana' me jainendra jI ne upAsaka kI upAsya se dUrI ke kAraNa utpanna tyAga kI parAkASThA kI ora igita kiyA hai| viraha me * 'bhakta kisa zakti me harAte-hasate 1 jainendrakumAra 'prazna aura prazna', dillI, 1666, pra0 sa0, pR0 263 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'prazna aura prazna', dillI, 1966, pra0 sa0, pR0 263 / 3 prema meM itanA ni zeSa AtmasamarpaNa ho sakatA hai ki anAyArA Izvara bhakti kA phala mila jAya, binA Izvara ko jAne yA usakA nAma lie prema kI paripUrNatA me tAbha pA jAne ke udAharaNa anekAneka mila jAyega / janendrakugAra 'prazna aura prazna', pR0 87 /

Page #80
jainenda ke Izvara samvandhI vicAra zahIda ho sakatA hai aura hara yAtanA me bhagavAna ke prema ko dekha sakatA hai / taba kaSTa hI use bhagavAna kA bhoga ho jAtA hai| jIvana me jainendra kA aisA vizvAsa he ki 'hara vyavita usakA hI hai, jisako vaha kabhI prApta nahI kara paataa|' jainendra ko pAtro ke jIvana me laukika prema ke dvArA hI adhyAtma sAdhanA kI ora unmukhatA dRSTigata hotI hai| prema me lInatA tathA vyathA kA rasa hI jIvana kI zakti banatA hai| prema se bA-yatA nahI hotI, varan sahajatA hI rahatI hai| IzvaravAdI apane vicAro aura mAnyatAo ke pracAraka ho sakate hai / ve anIzvaravAdiyo ke viruddha apane mata ke pratipAdana kI ceSTA karate hai| kintu jahA AstikatA kA lakSaNa prema , vahA pracAra kI AvazyakatA nahI paDatI / 'prema me vyakti anAyAsa vistAra pAtA hai| jainendra kI prAstikatA 'aha' kI poSaka nahI hai / isalie ve apane ko sudhAraka yA uddhAraka na mAnakara Izvara kA sevaka mAnate haiN| sevaka kA kartavya dAyitvapUrNa hotA hai / sevA me hI use parama Ananda kI upalabdhi hotI hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me 'para' kI svIkRti me hI sevA ke darzana hote hai| isIlie janenda prAnanda aura dAyitva me koI virodha nahI dekhate / prema kA mAnandagaya rUpa upaniSadIya vicAradhArA ke atyadhika nikaTa hai| DA0 rAyA gan / bhAratIya darzana' me upanipado me svIkRta brahma ke 'Ananda maya' saba para pakA nAlA hai / vastuta jainendra kA premamaya Izvara pArasparika vicAradhArA ge pRthak unakI koI bhautika dena nahI hai| hamArI pRthvI jina paramAraNo se banI hai, yadi usame unhe eka-dUsare ke sAtha bAdha rakhane kI zakti na ho to sArI sRSTi pala bhara me vinaSTa ho jaaye| usI prakAra cetana prANiyo ko paraspara bAdhane vAlI zakti kA nAma prema hai / yadi pAramparika prema na ho to jagata kI akhaNDatA naSTa ho jAya / mAnavamAtra kA pati sadbhAvanA rakhane se hI Izvara kI prApti sambhava ho sakatI he / ravindranAtha Taigora bhI premI-premikA ke prema ko uttarottara IzvarIya prema me hI pariNata huA pAte hai / 'premI aura premikA kA bheda taba taka banA rahatA hai 1 sUra kI gogiyo kA viyoga pakSa hI adhika tIvra aura marmasparzI hai / 2. jainendrakumAra 'jagavardhana', pR0 207-208 / 3 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 46 / 4 jainandrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 47 / 5 mA0 rAdhAkRSNan 'bhAratIya darzana', dillI, 1966, pR0 151 / 6 mahAtmA gAdhI 'yaga iDiyA' 5-5-20 / 57 /

Page #81
76 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana jaba taka pUrNa prema me dono eka nahI ho jAte / '' jainendra ke sampUrNa sAhitya me strI-puruSa athavA premI-premikA ke paraspara AkarSaNa ko kAma taka hI parimita na kara use uttarottara indriyettara viSaya ke rUpa me svIkAra kiyA hai| laukika jIvana me IzvarIya AsthA jainendra kI dRSTi me Izvara mAtra vyakti kI AvazyakatAgo kA hI poSaka nahI hai / vaha vijJAna kI vibhIpikA se satrasta mAnava ke lie eka samAdhAna he / vijJAna ne mAnava ko cAda taka pahucA diyA hai, kintu paDosI ke dukha-darda kA anubhava karane kI preraNA nahI pradAna kI hai| bodvikatA kI pragati ke sAtha-sAtha hAdikatA zuSka hotI gaI hai| hRdaya se zUnya vyakti sadaiva abhAvagrasta banA rahatA hai| vaha apane prabhAva ko nazIlI vastuo ke sevana se pUrNa karane kA kSaNika prayAsa karatA hai| usakI pazutA samarpaNa ke abhAva me ahatA ko puSTa karatI jAtI hai / eka ora vijJAna ke tarkavAda dUsarI ora athalolupatA bhI Adhunika sabhyatA kA durasAdhya roga hai / dhana ke pAgalapana ne hI prAja samAja meM bheda bhAva kI bhAvanA bhara dI hai| vastuta jainendra kI zvara rAgAcI vicAradhArA Adhunika yuga ke lie atyanta hI upayogI hai| bhautikatA kI nakAcauMdha me unhe Izvara ekamAtra pravatamba pratIta hotA hai| jainendra kI IzvarIya niSThA hI sAmAjika prema aura vyavasthA kA sAdhana hai / ve prANI mAtra meM Izvara kI kalpanA karate hai| ata Izvara ke samakSa kevala 'sva' kA visarjana hI paryApta nahI hai / AtmA kI paramAtmA se ekAkAra hone me hI mukti nahI hai, varana 'sva' kA tyAga 'para' ke hetu paramAvazyaka hai| parahita hI unake jIvana kA mUlAdarza hai| Izvara kI pApti arthAna maba me apanI prApti / isa prakAra sva para mUlaka bheda miTa jAne para hI Izvara kI prApti sabhava hai| jainendra ke anusAra prema anya ke satkAra aura sva ke vimarjana meM hI phalita hotA hai / apane ko miTAne meM hI jIvana kI sArthakatA hai| jainandra pratidina ke jIvana isa prakAra kI vinata bhAvanA ke mUla meM hI tyakti kI prAptikatA ke darzana karate hai| jainendra ne strI-puruSa sambandha meM tathA rAjanItika, Arthika 1 DA0 rAdhAkRSNan 'ravindra dazana', dillI, 1963, pR0 56-anu0 jJAna vatI darabAra / 2 jainendra kumAra 'prazna aura prazna', pR0 26 / 3 jainendra kumAra 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAnta', pR0 47 / ----- * prema se baDI AstikatA aura kyA hai ? usa prema ke rUpa meM pratatA aura ekAtmakatA kA pramANa kyA hamAre hI bhItara gabhita nahI paDA hai|'

Page #82
jainendra ke Izvara sambandhI vicAra 77 eva sAmAjika kSetra me 'sva-para' ke bheda-bhAva se Upara uThate hue advaitatA athavA abheda kI pratiSThApanA kI he / Izvara kI upAsanA me zithilatA tabhI AtI hai, jaba vyakti kI vRtti svArthapUrNa ho jAtI hai / jainendra ne jIvana me dharma para vizeSa rUpa se bala diyA hai| unakI dRSTi me dharma AstikatA athavA samarpaNa kA hI pratirUpa hai| prema aura samarpaNa ke mArga me dvandva kI sabhAvanA nahI raha jAtI / jainendra ke antsa me kevala Izvara ko jAnane kI jijJAsA hI nahI hai, varan ve bhakta-kaviyo ke sadRzya prabhu ke samakSa Atma-samarpaNa ke hetu vikala rahate hai / jisa prakAra bhakta bhagavAna ke samakSa svaya ko ghora pApI, duSTa aura nIcAtmA hI samajhatA hai, usake isa Atma-nivedana ke dvArA usake vyaktitva ko nIcA nahI samajhA jA sktaa| bhakta bhAvAtireka ke kAraNa hI svaya ko itanA dIna-hIna mAnatA hai| jainendra dArzanika hai, tathApi unake sAhitya me aha se mukti pAne ke lie atizaya vinamra nivedana kI jhalaka spaSTata dRSTigata hotI hai| sAdhu kA haTha' me mAdhu kI Izvara ke samakSa giDagiDAhaTa usakI Izvara ke prati zahA aura vizvAsa kI aora hI igita karatI hai| jainendra ne apane upanyAsa tayA kahAnI ke pAtro ke mAdhyama se hI nahI, nibandho me bhI pratyakSarUpa se unakI vinamratA tathA samarpaNa kI utkaTa abhilASA ke darzana hote hai / Izvara sAkSAtkAra ke abhAva meM unheM apanA jIvana nirarthaka pratIta hotA hai / unakA hRdaya bhagavAn me kho jAne ke lie taDapatA rahatA hai| yahI nahI, unakI sAhitya-sRjana kI prakriyA bhI Izvara ke upAsanA kA hI aga hai| bhakta ke sadRzya unhAne sAhitya ke mAdhyama se apane hRdaya ke uccha vAsa ko hI vyakta kiyA hai| sasAra ke mAyA-jAla me ghire rahane ke kAraNa Izvara kA sAkSAtkAra nahI ho pAtA / unake mana meM eka vikSobha aura vyathA hai / vyathA kA mUla Izvara 1 'aba to mere lie terI yaha prArthanA hI saba kucha hai| yahI prema hai, yahI zreya he, yahI jJAna hai| yahI merI sAdhanA hai aura yahI merI sAdhanA kA sAdhya hai| prabhu, bhagavAn mai aisA nahI rahanA cAhatA / mai bilkula terA ho rahanA cAhatA hu| mere roma-roma me hareka tujhe hI prApta kare, terI hI sphUrti pAye, kisI ko mujhase krodha kI preraNA na mila ske|' -jainendrakumAra 'sAdhu kA haTa', dillI, 1963, pR0 11 / --'zAyada vahI hai (Izvara) jisake lie mai jInA sArthaka mAna sakatA hai| merA likhanA anta me isI prayojana se jA milatA hogA / anyathA apane me usakA dUsarA prayojana mujhe nahIM mAlUma hotA hai / ' --jainendrakumAra 'pariprekSa', dillI, 1965 se uddhRta /

Page #83
jenendra kA jIvana-darzana ke se viyoga athavA pAthakya hai / jainendra sagurAga bhavato ke sahazya sasAra me dvaita ko eka sImA taka Avazyaka mAnate haiN| prAtmA-paramAtmA athavA upAsaka-upAsya ke dveta me hI bhakti kI pragADhatA bhAsita hotI hai| para' ke pabhAna ma 'sva' ke samarpaNa kA prazna hI nahI utthtaa| jainendra apane mana meM uThate hA yAvega ko spaSTata vyakta karane meM asamartha hai, tathApi unakI pragAna miThA bhA vihatA kI sthiti meM prakaTa hI ho jAtI hai|' jainendra ke anusAra 'Izvara se padAtha rUpa me kucha pAnA vyaya hai / lekina padArtha ke atirakta bhI bahuta pAnA zeSa hai| vaha svaya apane ko pAtA hai| jainendra ke pAtro me samAhita vizvAsa kI aDigatA unakI prAstikatA ko hI igita karatI hai| jIvana me atata bhagavAna kA sahArA hI DUbate ko ubArane vAlA hotA hai / viSama paristhitiyo me unake pAtra bhagavAna ko hI yAda karate hai / asat kI pratiSThA hote devakara unhe aisA pratIta hotA he gAno unakA Izvara unase chInA jA rahA ho| satya ke mArga me calakara ne kATa bhata sakate hai, kintu asat ke mArga me unhe zAnti nahI hai| ___ laukika prema meM bhI uttarottara IzvarIya prama ko hI nA kI gaI hai| yadi prema meM IzvaronmukhatA nahI hai to vaha miyAprapaca mA / tI kAraNa hai ki 'kalyANI' me jainendra ne prabhu prema ko hI satya mAnA hai, bAkI gema mAyA he / 'sukhadA' me to jainendra ne pUrNa vizvAsa ke sAtha prema kI satyatA para bala diyA hai| unakI dRSTi meM Izvara yA paramazvara--saba premahI apavA prema maya hai| prema kA kSetra vyApaka hai| usakI paridhi meM samasta brhmaann| samA jAtA hai / brahmANDa calatA hI usI ke calAe hai| prema kA koI bhI sambandha athavA 1 jainendra kumAra 'pariprekSa', dittI, 1965---'mujhe ThIka patA nahI ki maiM bhagavAn ke darzana pAnA cAhatA hai| mAnatA eka unhI ko hapara sAkSAt me eka unhI ke darzana nahI ho paate| - aisI parezAnI meM dina bIta rahe he jInA akAratha huA jA rahA hai|' 2 jainendrakumAra 'samaya, samasyA aura samAdhAna', pR0 48 / 3 jainendrakumAra 'jainendra kI kahAniyA', dillI, 1964, pR0 42 / 4 jainendrakumAra (svIkAra), pR0 70 / 5 jainendrakumAra kalyANI', pR0 82 / 6 'satya maiM usI prema ko samajhatA ha, Izvara usI prema ko samajhanA h| Izvara ke Upara kahate hai paramezvara hai, paramezvara usI ko samajhatA hu / ' - 'mugvadA', pR0 150 /

Page #84
jainendra ke Izvara sambandhI vicAra rUpa prapanI carama sImA para pahucakara IzvarIya prema me hI pariNita ho jAtA hai / yaha sthiti samarpaNa dvArA hI sambhava hotI hai / prema aura graha do virodhI tathya he / jaba 'maiM' 'para' me samarpita hokara vilIna ho jAtA hai tabhI prema kA lakSya pUrNa hotA hai / usa samarpaNa me anAyAsa hI IzvarIya prema kI upalabdhi sabhava ho jAtI hai / ' 76 IzvarIya zrAsthA dvArA jIvana me vyavasthA jainendra ke anusAra IzvarIya AsthA jIvana me vyavasthA tathA sukha-zAnti lAne kA sAdhana hai / IzvarIya AsthA ke kAraNa hI samAja me vyApta zreNI baddhatA sahaja hI svIkArya ho jAtI hai / kyoki vyakti svaya ko bhAgyAdhIna samajhane lagatA hai / Astika kI dRSTi me bhAgyavaza hI koI garIba hai to koI amIra hai / pratyeka vyakti ke mana me yadi yaha vizvAsa na ho ki saba Izvara kI dayA se hotA he to jIvana me pratikSaraNa sparddhA va dveSa ke kAraNa kalaha macA rahe / jainendra kI IzvarIya AsthA jIvana ke sabhI kSetro kI paricAyikA hai / AsthA kAsakiya rUpa dharma hai / ve rAjanIti, arthazAstra, samAjazAstra, darzana Adi ke mUla me dharmAbhimukhatA ko anivArya mAnate hai / dharma arthAt Izvara kA bhaya hI vyakti ko naitika prAcaraNa se vacita rakhatA hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me abhivyakta Izvara-prema maMdira aura masjida taka hI parimita nahI hai / unake sAhitya me hame aise sthala kama hI prApta hote hai jahA parokSa rUpa se pUjA arcanA Adi kI jhalaka mila sake / kAraNa yaha hai ki ve pradarzana se adhika vAstavikatA ko zraya dete he / pradarzana me satya vinaSTa ho jAtA hai athavA usakA svarUpa vikRta ho jAtA hai / kintu jainendra ke pAtro ke jIvana me Izvara ke prati niSThA zabdo dvArA prathanA pravacana dvArA abhivyakti nahI prApta karatI varan pratidina ke jIvana me viSamatA se jUjhane tathA 'para' kI svIkRti abhimAnatA me hI unakI AstikatA phalIbhUta hote hue dRSTigata hotI hai / 1 'prema me itanA nizeSa grAtmasamarpaNa ho sakatA hai ki anAyAsa Izvara bhakti kA phala mila jAya, binA Izvara ko jAne yA usakA nAma lie prema kI paripUraNatA me Iza lAbha pA jAne ke udAharaNa anekAneka mila jAyege / ' -- jainendrakumAra 'prazna aura prazna', pR0 87 / 'Izvara nAmaka sajJA suvyavasthA me sahAyatA to avazya detI hai..." - jainendrakumAra 'jainendra kI kahAniyA' ( naI vyavasthA, bhAga 1 ), tR0sa0 dillI, 1962, pR0 167 / 2

Page #85
80 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana prArthanA kA mahatva jainendra Izvara kI upAsanA ke lie prArthanA ko anivAya mAnate hai| prArthanA ke dvArA vyakti meM Atma-zakti kA vistAra hotA hai| gAdhI jI ne apane jIvana me prArthanA para vizeSa rUpa se bala diyA thaa| prAthanA unake jIvana kA eka anivArya aga thii| unakI dRSTi meM prAthanA kI belA meM pArasparika bheda-bhAva vinaSTa ho jAtA hai / sata khatIla jibrAna ne bhI prArthanA kI pragivAyatA ko svIkAra kiyA thaa| unakI dRSTi me prArthanA karate samaya Uce uThakara vyakti una mahattI AtmAlo se bheTa karatA hai jo usa samaya prArthanA rata hotI hai aura jinase prArthanA-belA ke atirikta kabhI bheTa nahI ho sktii| jainendra ne 'kalyANI' ke mAdhyama se jisa pUjA gaha kI kalpanA kI hai, usame nIca-Uca sabhI kA praveza svIkArya hai / hindU, musalamAna, zdra Adi kA prArthanA ke madira me niSedha nahI kiyA gayA hai| prAthanA ke dvArA vyakti Izvara ke prati pUrNata samarpita ho jAtA hai| usame apanA ApA bhI zeSa nahI raha jAtA hai / vaha bhakti-bhAva meM vibhora hokara bhagavAna ke nAma kI raTa lagA letA hai| yahI nahI, usakA sana pUgA vaza arghya kI bhAti samarpita ho jAtA hai / 'sAdhu kI haTha' gIrSa mahAnI ma sAdhu prArthanA karatA huyA Izvara ke mAya AtmasAt ho jAne ke lie patA rahatA hai / vaha cAhatA hai ki Izvara kI bhakti usama isa prakAra samAhita ho jAya ki itara bhAvo ke hetu avakAzahIna na raha jAya / jainandra kI kucha kahAniyo me (gavAra' Adi meM) bhakti-bhAvanA chadma rUpa se vyakta huI hai| unameM IzvarIya AsthA pramukha nahI hai| kintu 'sAdhu kI haTha' meM mAnnu kI atizaya vinamratA aura samarmaNa meM Izvara se sAkSAtkAra kI kAmanA pUrNa nizchannatA ke sAtha mukharita haI hai| usakI bhAvavihnatA meM satya kA chipAvana hokara prAtma prakAzana kI hI pradhAnatA hai| vaha Izvara ke viraha me vyAkula hAkara kahatA hai ki 'kyA maine mujhe rokara apanI AtmA ke adhyaM kI ajali ko terI svIkRti ke samakSa lie baiThakara, tujhe sau-sau bAra, hara hara bAra, vizvAga nahI dilAyA ki 1 'prArthanA se zakti AtI hai| jisa nirbalatA ne rAma kA bala pakaDA he, usakA bala phira kyo hAre ? paramAtmA meM vizvAsa rakho vaha bhaya se hame tArege / ' -~~~-jainendrakumAra sunItA', dillI, 1664, pra0 sa0, pR0 168 / 2 sata khalIla jibrAna 'jIvana darzana' (anu0 di propheTa anu0 satyakAma vidyAlakAra) sazodhita saskaraNa, 1958, pR0 70 /

Page #86
jainendra ke Izvara sambandhI vicAra samidhA kI bhAti yajJa ke hutAzana me bhasma hokara bhI mai tujhame hI pahuMcanA cAhatA huu| sata khalIla jibrAna ke anusAra bhI prArthanA kA artha hI apanI AtmA ko vizvAtmA ke saMgharSa me lAnA hai| vastuta jainendra ke sAhitya me prArthanA kA mahatva vizeSarUpa se dRSTigata hotA hai| usame lekhaka kI AstikatA sAkAra rUpa dhAraNa karake phUTI paDatI hai / jisa prakAra sUra, tulasI Adi kaviyo kI racanAyo me atizaya bhAvukatA ke sthala me kavi kA vyaktitva kavitva kI maryAdA ko bhUla jAtA hai / usI prakAra 'sAdhu kI haTha' me lekhaka kI bhakti-bhAvanA kA pUrNa paricaya prApta ho jAtA hai| jIvana kA sArA jJAna, mArI sAdhanA, prArthanA kI tanmaya avasthA me vilupta ho jAtI hai, isIlie sAdhu ke mAdhyama se unakI prArthanA ke prati AsthA prakaTa hotI hai| unakI dRSTi me prArthanA hI saba kucha hai| yahI prema hai, yahI zreya hai, yahI jJAna hai| yahI merI sAdhanA hai, yahI merI sAdhanA kA sAdhya hai| 'TakarAhaTa' me lekhaka ne bhAratIya AstikatA aura pAzcAtya jIvana ke satya se utpanna dvandva kI ora igita kiyA hai| jainendra ne kailAza ke dvArA prAzrama meM hone vAlI prArthanA ke mahatva para prakAza DAlate hae batAyA hai ki prArthanA meM vyakti ke mana kA dvandva zAnta ho jAtA hai aura vaha Izvara kI zaraNa meM jAkara paramazAnti kA anubhava karatA hai| usakI dRSTi me jIvana kI maryAdAno ko sahaja bhAva se svIkRta karane me hI prAtmazAti kI prApti ho sakatI hai|' jainendra kI prAsthAmulaka bhAvanAtmaka tathA prAdhyAtmikatA unake sAhitya kI rUDhatA ora zuSkatA ko dUra kara use sarasa aura grAhya banA detI hai, jisake kAraNa ve lekhaka hone ke sAtha hI dArzanika kI AsthA ko bhI apane meM samA lete hai| jainendra ke anusAra Izvara kI bhakti meM jo nazA hai, vaha laukika nazo (zarAba) me sabhava nahI ho sakatA / unhe to prakRti kI virATatA ke madhya ekamAtra usI brahma kI chAyA hI dRSTigata hotI hai / laukika nazA pala bhara ke bAda samApta ho jAtA hai kintu Izvara kI bhakti jisake hRdaya meM samAhita ho jAtI hai, vaha Ajanma usI me DUbA rahatA 1 jainendrakumAra 'sAdhu kI haTha' (jainendra kI kahAniyA, bhAga 6.) pR0 11 / 2 prArthanA meM hama apane ko alaga mAnate hai, isI kAraNa prArthanA me bala milatA hai| ---jainendrakumAra 'TakarAhaTa' (jainendra kI kahAniyA, bhAga 7), dillI, 1663, 40 sa0, pR0 6 /

Page #87
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana hai| vastuta jainendra kI IzvarIya prAsthA kore vicAra ora taka kA pratIka na hokara bhaktimaya prAstikatA kI abhivyakti hai / unake sAhitya kA adhyayana karate hue kabhI-kabhI mana ekadama tanmaya ho uThatA hai aura aisI sthiti meM lekhaka kA vicAraka rapa pIche raha jAtA hai tathA zradvAlu lekhaka kA rUpa pratyakSa dRSTigocara hone lagatA hai / 82 Izvara ajJaya uparokta vizad vivecana ke AdhAra para hama isa niSkarSa para pahanate he ki jainendra kI IzvarIya AsthA ajJeyavAdiyo ke sadRzya hI Izvara ke svarUpa ko samajhane me asamartha he / unake anusAra eka parama zakti pradRzya rUpa se sAre jagata kA saMcAlana karatI he / vyakti apanI bhAvanA aura sabuddhi ke dvArA usake svarUpa ko samajhane kI ceSTA karate hue bhI pratata parAgaya hI rahatA hai / 'sukhadA' me sukhadA svIkAra karatI hai ki manuSya kA Izvara ko jAnane kA samasta prayatna samudra ke taTa para kauDiyA khelane vAle bAlaka ke samaya vyaya hI siddha hotA hai / vaha Izvara apane nirAkAra rUpa se samasta brahmANa meM vyApta hai | ara usako apanI kalpanA meM sImita karake nirapekSa matavya denA samaya nahI ho sakatA / usake sabhava ga kevala hama sambhAvanA hI kara sakate hai, kyoMki Izvara nirapekSa satya hai, vyakti kA abhimata sApekSa hai| jainendra ne gukhadA se vyakta kiyA hai ki Izvara aisA sUtradhAra hai, jo samasta sRSTi suna ko apane hAtha meM lie hue hai / yadyapi Izvara prajJeya hai tathApi use jAnana kI vyakti kI jijJAsA kabhI zAnta nahI hotI / sRSTi Izvara kA satya aura pratyakSa rUpa hai| sRSTi ke prapaca ko dekhakara aisA bhAna hotA hai ki vyakti zataraMja kI mohara ke sadasya jaDa hai aura khilADI to kahI chipA huA samasta jIvo ko mAyA ke 1 ' usakA nazA kabhI nahI cukatA / usako cAho usako pAnA vaha nazA hai jo unaregA nahI / vaha azAnti me bhI zAnti degA / ' -- jainendrakumAra 'TakarAhaTa' pR0 6 / 2 - jainendrakumAra 'sukhadA', pR0 18 / 3. khilAr3I to jAne Upara-nIce, yahA vahA kahA chipA baiThA hai / aura hama usake khela meM kaThaputalI ke mAninda nAcate / nAcate hai so mana meM bahalA bhI lete hai / lekina hamArI yaha saba uchala-kUda, joDa-jugata apane mana taka kI hI hai / tAra pIche kahI kisI aura ke hAtha meM hai / hama sAmane bhara hone ke lie hai / - jainendrakumAra 'sukhadA', pR0 203 /

Page #88
__ jainendra ke Izvara sambandhI vicAra prapaca me nacAtA rahatA hai| jainendra kI AsthA bhAgyavAditA ke rUpa me hI mukharita hotI hai| unake anusAra vyakti nAnA sakalpa-vikalpa racatA rahatA hai, kintu hotA vahI hai jo Izvara ko svIkAra hotA hai| zrI prabhAkara mAcave ne bhI jainendra ke vicAro ko ajJeyavAdiyo ke samakakSa svIkAra kiyA hai / mAcave jainendra ke vicAro ko spensara Adi ajJeyavAdI vicArako ke siddhAto se pRthak mAnate he / spensara kI vicAradhArA vijJAnasammata adhika hai / kintu jainendra, tAlasTAya aura gAdhI jI kI vicAradhArA se sahamata hai, jisame keTa ke 'paramAtma astitva' kI naitika AvazyakatA kA tarka hI adhika karmazIla hai|' jainendra kA dRSTikoNa bauddhika se adhika vyavahAra sammata hai / buddhi ke dvArA Izvara ke astitva ko na hI siddha kiyA jA sakatA aura na hI prasiddha kiyA jA sakatA hai / sattA ko buddhi ke dvArA jAnane ke prayatna me vyakti kA ahakAra hI prakaTa hotA hai / paramAtmA ko lekara sadaiva eka praznacinha sAmane upasthita rahatA hai| vizva kI vicitratApro ke mUla me ekamAtra vahI hai, kintu use kaise jAnA jAe? sasAra mithyA he / 'vyartha prayatna' me parama tatva ko barabasa buddhi ke dvArA pratyakSa dekhane kI neSTA kI gaI hai / grantho ke sahAre kevala yahI jAna paDatA hai ki vaha yaha nahI hai, vaha vaha nahI hai / taba yaha aura vaha kyA hai--- kaise mAlUma ho ? yahI kaise mAlUma ho ?'2 antata buddhi parAjita hotI hai aura sabuddhi hI sahAyaka hotI hai| jainendra ke anusAra kabhI-kabhI Izvara kI ora se milane vAlI nirAzA Izvara ko mithyA samajhane lagatI hai| kintu jainendra ke anusAra vaha (Izvara) aisA jhUTha he jisase sasAra kI samasta asatyatA samAhita ho jAtI hai| Izvara ko 'parama bhakti' ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara lene para vyakti kA ahabhAva vigalita ho jAtA hai / Izvara kI bhakti kA nazA caDhane para vahI saba kucha pratIta hone lagatA hai / vastuta jainendra kI prAstikatA tarka se itara samarpaNa me hI satya kI khoja karatI hai / unhone Izvara ko anubhUti ke stara para hI svIkAra kiyA hai| 'kAzmIra kI vaha yAtrA' me jainendra ko pratyakSarUpa se Izvara ke darzana nahIM ho pAte, kintu virATa prakRti ke AkarSaNa me unhe ekamAtra Izvara ke astitva kI hI jhalaka milatI hai / ajJAta Izvara unake lie aprApya hai kintu usakI zakti aura rUpa kA anubhava karate hI unakA hRdaya Ardra ho uThatA hai / 'AtmavibhoratA' kI sthiti meM prema kI avirala dhArA azru banakara pravAhita hone 1. prabhAkara mAcave 'jainendra ke vicAra', bambaI, pR0 13 / 2. jainendrakumAra jainendra kI kahAniyA', sAtavA bhAga, tR0 sa0, 1963, dillI, pR0 127 /

Page #89
84 jainenda kA jIvana-darzana lagatI hai| atha-pravAha hI mAno bhakti kI vaha parAkASThA hai jahA pAritaka apanatva ko bhUtakara Izvara kI anubhUti me hI rama jAtA hai| unake hadaya meM basa eka hI ucchavAsa bAra-bAra uThatA hai ki 'he ajJAta, t hI tU hI / ' bhAvanA sadA hI amta ko muta rUpa pradAna karake svIkAra gA letI he / unakI dagTi meM ekamAtra vahI hai / (Izvara) janendra ke ganagAra ' na jAnanA hai ki mAnava-prANI ke lie eka akelA satya anubhava bahI ' / yada kI hai| zAyada nahI, sacamuca vahI hai / jIvana ke pAsa usase baDI gAnA koI garI nahI hai, koI dUsarI ho nahI sakatI hai|' Izvara bhAgyavidhAtA jainendra ke sAhitya me Izvara kA cAhe jo svarUpa bhI ho, kintu usake astitva pora usakI mahattA pratipala unake hRdaya meM banI hI sanI : / janendra ke anumAra 'bhAgya vidhAtA kA hI dUsarA nAma hai|'' jainenda sAtiga me bhAgya ke samakSa natamastaka huA vyakti aparokSa mapa me vara ko mAtA ko hI svIkAra karatA hai| 1 usa ajJAta ke taTa para khaDe hokara jI hotA hai, hama usake ananta garbha kI nIlimA me pAkhe phADa-phADakara kucha dekhane kI spardhA ma adhe bayA bana kyo nhii| hama prAkha madakara ghUTane prA baiThe, vivazatA ke do prAga dara jAne de aura gadgad kaNTha ke guhAra de, 'he ajJAta, tU hI hai / hama mantra aura hamArA samasta jJAta tere garbha me hai, aura tU urAse pare hai, nAtA hai| tU jJAta nahI hai-- - isame tU hI hai, tU hI satya hai / tujhame nerI zaraNa meM hai|' jainendrakumAra kAzmIra kI vaha yAtrA', dillI, 1658, p012| 2 jainendrakumAra 'vaha anubhava' (jainendra - pratinidhi kahAniyA), dillI, 1666, pR0 128 / 3 jainendrakumAra 'pariprekSya', 1965, pra0 sa0, dillI, pR0 111 /

Page #90
pariccheda-3 jainendra aura dharma jainendra kI dhArmika dRSTi jenendra kA jIvana adhyAtma aura bhautikatA kA samuccaya hai / bhautikatA yadi zarIra hai, to adhyAtma usakI AtmA hai / dono kA anyonyAzrita sambandha he / dharma kA astitva jIvana ke svIkArya me hI sambhava he, aura jIvana kI sArthakatA dharmarata hone me hai / jainendra kA sAhitya unake vyaktigata anubhava kA hI pratinidhitva karatA hai| unakA dhArmika-bodha kisI mata yA vAda se prAbaddha nahI hai / unhoMne veda, purANa, upaniSad Adi dhArmika grantho ke gabhIra adhyayana kA kaSTa nahI kiyA hai, kintu dharma kA zAzvata rUpa jo ki AdikAla se vizva ke sabhI dharmo ma prApta hotA hai, unake sAhitya me sahaja hI dekhane ko milatA hai / unhone dharma ko jJAna se nahIM, varan anubhava se prApta kiyA hai / unakA dharma mAnava-dharma hai| dharma ke isa vyApaka rUpa ke antargata jIvana ke vividha aga samAviSTa ho jAte hai| unake sAhitya me dharma kA astitva usI prakAra alakSya hai, jaise lakaDI me agni / jaina darzana ___ jainendra kA sAhitya unake yuga kI paristhitiyo aura unake janmajAta sarakArI kA hI pariNAma hai / yadyapi ve svaya ko samasta bandhano (paristhitigata) me muvata' mAnate hai, kintu sAmAnya dRSTi se yaha sambhava nahI ho sakatA ki vyakti nitAnta nirapekSa ho jAya / manuSya kA jIvana aura usake vicAra nitAnta

Page #91
86 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana 1 navIna nahI ho sakate / jainendra ke vArmika vicAra bhI kisI naye pradaza kI sthApanA nahI karate, kintu unakA mahatva satya ko tatkAlIna AvazyakatA ke manukula naye DhaMga se vyakta karane me he / jenendra kA janma jaina parivAra meM huA hai / jaina dharma kI zrAtmA unake sarakAro meM samAyI huI hai / jainendra yadi svadharma ke rUpa meM kisI bhI nama ko svIkAra kiyA hai to vaha jainavama hI hai / jenendra ne apane jIvana ko jena Adarza meM hI DhAlane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| sAhitya jIvana kI prabhivyakti hai, prata jainendra- sAhitya para jaina cama prora dazana kA prabhAva paDanA svAbhAvika hI hai / ataeva jainendra ke dhArmika vicAro ko rAmane ke lie jaina dharma kA svarUpa aura usakI vyApakatA ko samajhanA anivArya hai / jeniyo kA vizvAsa he ki jaina dharma bhAratavarSa meM hI nahI, varan vizva me panA mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai / ' jainiyo kI prahisaka aura rahasyavAdI dRSTi samasta vibhinnatAo ko svIkAra karake calI hai / usameM kisI mata kA niSedha nahI kiyA gayA hai aura na hI kisI bhI vicAra ko nirapekSa satya ke rUpa meM hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / jainiyo ne 'paTa ra nATaka mAga kI nasvIkAra karake bI' ke mArga kA anusaraNa kiyA hai / jainiyo kI rahasyavAdI sITa pAzcAtya vidvAn prAnsTAina kI rileTiviTI kA siddhAnta payaka nahI hai / " bhAratIya tathA pAzcAtya dArzaniko ne dono kI zabdAvatI meM bhI samAnatA kahI darzana kie hai | grAunsTAina ke anusAra sampUraNa satya kA jJAna manuSya kI buddhi ka pare hai, hama kevala sApekSa satya ko hI jAna sakate hai / ' ' 1 "It is true that according to the belief of the Tains than religion is a world religion' in the sense that it is a religion not only for human beings of all races and classes, but even for animals, Gods and denizens of hell" Winteinitz Calcutta (1933), (p 425) 2 3 4 Winternitz - Calcutta (1933) DA0 rAdhAkRSNana ne syAdvAda kI pragrejI me 'rileTiviTI' se sambandhita kiyA hai aura 'rileTiviTI' ko hindI meM 'syAdvAda' ke nAma se sabodhita kiyA gayA hai| DA0 rAdhAkRSNana 'iNDiyana philAsaphI' 'We can know only the relative truth, the absolute is known only to the universal observer. ' -DI R Krishnan Indian Philosophy

Page #92
jainendra aura dharma ___ jaina dharma kA udbhava brAhmaNa dharma ke parAbhava kA kAla thaa| jaina aura bauddha darzana kA janma brAhmaNa dharma kI paramparAgata rUDhiyo, andha-vizvAso aura mithyA karmakANDo kI pratikriyA kA hI pariNAma hai / brAhmaNa dharma una dino jIvana ke bAhya karmakANDo tathA vividha matavAdo se itanA cipaTA huA thA ki usame dharma ke prAtma-tva ko khojanA kaThina ho gayA thaa| usa samaya pUjA pATha kA bAhutya ho rahA thA, kintu dharma ke prati logo kI prAsthA samApta ho rahI thii| dharma jIvana kA aga na hokara matavAdo ke pracAra kA mAdhyama bana gayA thaa| jaina dArzaniko se pUrva ke samasta bhAratIya dArzaniko ne 'Izvara ke astitva', 'sRSTi aura sattA ke sambandha' Adi apratyakSa viSayo para hI vicAra kiyA thaa| unhone gUDha satya ko khojane kA prayAsa kiyA thA kintu jaina dArzanika jIvana ke vyAvahArika dharAtala ko hI apane adhyayana kA viSaya banAkara cale hai| unakA dharma pAralokika na hokara pratyakSa jagata aura mAnava-vyavahAra me hI nihita hai| jainadarzana tarka para AdhArita hai,' andhavizvAso para nahI / yahI kAraNa hai ki saikaDo varSoM ke bAda grAja bhI apanI upayogitA ke kAraNa vizva-vyApI banA huA hai| ____jIvana kA uddezya mokSa kI prApti hai, kintu mokSa kI sthiti taka pahucane ke lie mArga me Ane vAlI vibhinna sthitiyo kI avahelanA nahI kI jA sakatI / mokSa di majila he to satya ahisA, aparigraha, prema, tyAga Adi ve sopAna hai, jinake mAdhyama se hama majila taka pahuca sakate hai / prata jaina dArzaniko ne sAnya se adhika sAdhana para bala diyA / sAdhana kI vizuddhatA ke abhAva me sAdhya kI prApti kI kalpanA nirarthaka hai / jainiyo ne ajJAta ke rahasya ko jAnane se adhika vartamAna jIvana ke utkarSa kI ora dhyAna diyA hai / jaina darzana hI vizva kA eka aigA mahatvapUrNa darzana hai, jisame vartamAna bhautikatA aura adhyAtmavAdI pravRtti kA apUrva 'sagama dRSTigocara hotA hai / vijJAna me vastu athavA 'mudgala' para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| ___ jaina dharma me 'dharma' zabda kA prayoga vastu ke svabhAva athavA usake dharma ke lie huA hai / vastu kA prakRti ke pratikUla AcaraNa adharma kA sUcaka hai| agni kA guraNa tApa utpanna karanA, jala kA zItalatA pradAna karanA, manuSya kA dharma manuSyatA hai / mAnava-dharma se cyuta vyakti mokSa athavA Izvara kI prApti nahI kara sakatA / jainiyo ke vastu dharma kA tAtparya Atma-dharma hai| vastu me vibhinnatA anivArya hai, kintu dharma zAzvata hai, vaha vastu ke mUla me vidyamAna hai / jisa prakAra zarIra meM nihita AtmA kA dharma hI vyakti kA vAstavika dharma 1 V.R Gandhi 'The Jain Philosophy', (1924) Bombay,

Page #93
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana hai, usI prakAra vastu ke anta garbhita guNa ko hI usakA cama kahate he / saba jIvo me eka hI prAtmA kA nivAsa hai, ata rAmasta jIvadhAriyo kA mUla dharma eka hI hai / zarIra kI bhinnatA ke sadasya dharma ke bAhya rUpo meM bhinnatA ho sakatI hai, kintu grAtma tatva me ekatA pranivAya hai / jainiyo kA yaha prAtdhama hI unakI pramika nIti aura syadvAdI vicAradhArA kA mUla mAvAra he / saba jIvo ke prati prema tathA sabhI matAvalambiyoM ke prati samAna sAdara kI bhAvanA jaina dharma kA mUlAdhAra hai / prahisA jaina dharma kA prAraNa hai| unake anusAra prakRti ke vibhinna kArya-kalApa apanA niyama toDa sakate he guma pazcima se nikala sakatA hai, candramA se gragni kI varSA ho sakatI hai kintu jIvahatyA meM dharma kadApi sthira nahI raha sakatA / hisA se baDhakara koI pradharma nahI hai / " 58 jaina vama kA dvitIya mahatvapUraNa praga tyAga aura graparigraha hai / samasta lokika icchA kA tyAga, 'para' ke hetu sva sukha kA tyAga, jainiyo ke dharma kA uddezya hai / mAnavatA kI sevA prora mAnava mAna ke prati premabhAva rakhanA hI dhArmika vyakti kA lakSaNa hai / jena narma meM prati yaha kI pravRtti kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / kama-sa-kama sarca meM hI jIvanayApana karanA hI unakA gunAdarza hai / jaina tIrthakara kA koI ghara nahI hotA, vaha prakati ke mukta vAtAvaraNa meM hI apanI jIvanayAtrA pUraNa karatA hai / usakA sampUrNa jIvana eka kaThora tapasyA hotI hai / mahAvIra svAmI kA jIvana jaina dharma kI aparigrahI nIti kA pratyakSa udAharaNa hai | manuSya kI icchA ananta hai eka icchA ke bAda dUsarI icchA janma le letI hai / prata jainiyo ke anusAra parigrahI hokara hI hama saMsAra me santuSTa raha sakate hai / / vastuna jaina dharma jIvana ke anya prAdarzo kA samuccaya hai / vaha saidvAtika aura tAtvika hone se adhika vyAvahArika prora vijJAna sammata hai / jainendra ke anusAra dharma kA artha aura svarUpa jainendra jaina dharma se atyadhika prabhAvita hai / jainendra kA sAhitya unake isa prabhAva kA hI pramANa hai / sabhavata jainendra ne jaina sAhitya kA gaMbhIra adhyayana kiyA hai / apane sAhitya meM jaina dharma ke vibhinna prago aura upAgo kA bhI unhone varaNana 1 viNTaraniTsa 'di hisTrI Apha iNDiyana liTarecara', pR0 425 / - hisA paramodharmo yato dharmastato jaya 'vijayadhamasUri' zrAtmonnati darzana /

Page #94
86 jainendra mora dhama kiyA hai / kucha jaina kathAe to unake jIvana kA praga bana gaI, usake prabhAva se unakA hRdaya prada ho utthaa| unakA jIvana vinamratA aura nirahakAritA kA pradarza bana gayA / jenendra ke pranusAra jaina dharma kisI viziSTa samaya me viziSTa vyakti dvArA nahI banAyA gayA thA / yaha to jIvana-dharma hai / IsAiyo ne IsA ko hI 'gaoNDa athavA Izvara' mAnA hai, kintu jainiyo ne mahAvIra svAmI ko apanA 4 Adi puruSa nahI varana nobImavA tIrthakara mAnA hai / unake anusAra manuSya hI samasta sAMsArika vAsanAo aura dopo se mukta hokara kaivalya ko prApta karatA he / kaivalya prApta vyakti hI Izvara ke sadRzya hai / mahAvIra svAmI ke tapa pUta vyaktitva ne janendra ko pratyadhika prabhAvita kiyA hai / ve unhe amara vibhUti mAnate hai / unakI mRtyu hame unase dUra nahI kara sakatI / " jainendra hindI ke pratiSThita sAhityakAra hai / sAhityakAra kA bhI eka dharma hotA hai, use sAhitya kA dharma kahate hai / sAhitya-sRjana kI kucha nizcita maryAdA hotI hai, unase haTakara sAhityakAra apane sAhitya ke mahatva ko akSuNya nahI rakha sakatA | netRtva karanA, upadeza denA grathavA pracAra karanA sAhityakAra kAma nahIM hai| yahI kAraNa he ki jainendra jaina-dharma ke samarthaka hote hue bhI usake pracAraka nahIM ho sake / jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI yaha tIvra abhilASA thI ki jainendra jana-sAhitya kI racanA kare athavA apane sAhitya dvArA jaina-dharma kA pracAra kare / kintu jainendra ke pranusAra jaina sAhitya likhanA hI jaina dharmAvalambI hone kA sUcaka nahI hai / ' dharma to AtmA kA guNa hai / vaha sAhitya kI AtmA meM vyApta honA cAhie, usake pracAra ke dvArA hama adharmonmukha ho jAte hai, kyoki pracAra meM grAgraha hotA hai / prAcInakAla ke sAhitya para dharma kI aisI chApa paDI ki use hama vADmaya kaha sakate he, sAhitya nahI / jainendra ke anusAra jisa dharma ke prati hamArI saccI zraddhA hotI hai, usakA prabhAva anAyAsa hI sAhitya meM parilakSita hone lagatA hai / sAhityakAra ko usake lie prayAsa nahI karanA paDatA, kyoki prayAsa meM pracAra kA prAgraha rahatA hai| saccA dhArmika 1 jainendra 'manthana', dillI, 1953, pR0 221 / 2 'kyA jo meM likhatA hU vaha sAhitya jaina nahI hai| kyA jaina dharmagrantho me raMgata nAmAvalI tathA zabdAvalI ke prayoga se jaina bana jAtA / usa sUrata aisA bhI to ho sakatA hai ki vaha sAhitya jaina to ho sAhitya ho hI na / ' jainendrakumAra ' pariprekSa', pra0 sa0, dillI, 1915, pR0 42 / 3. pariprekSa, pR0 42 /

Page #95
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana 1 svaya hI usa deza me raga jAyagA / yahI kAraNa hai ki jainendra ke sAhitya me dharma-tatva ko DhDhanA sarala nahI hai / bAhya vastu zIghra hI pakaDa me yA sakatI hai, kintu pAtro me antanihita satya ke jJAna ke lie unakI mAtmA ke guraNa ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai / jainendra ne apane saiddhAntika nibandho meM pratyakSa rUpa se jaina dharma athavA dharma ke anya vividha rUpoM kA varNana kiyA hai, ki tU sthUla sapta se dekhane para hama unakI dhArmikatA kA pUrNa jJAna nahI prApta kara sakate | jainendra ke upanyAso me dharma ke kisI vAda kA pracAra nahI kiyA gayA hai, unake pAtro kA jIvana isa prakAra se DhAlA gayA hai ki ve apane AcaraNa me apanI dhAmikatA prabhAsa dete hai | jainendra ne jaina dharma kI bhAti vastu ke svabhAva ko hI dharma mAnA hai, kintu vyakti ke svabhAva ko hI dharma mAna lene se dharma kA svarUpa spaSTa nahI ho pAtA / pratyeka vyakti me kucha vyaktigata bhinnatAe hotI hai tathA usake pratyeka karma kA dharmamaya honA bhI prAvazyaka nahI hai / jainendra ne vyakti yA vastu kI prAtma-prakRti ko hI dharma mAnA hai / " vyakti ke zarIra meM hI usakI sampUraNatA nahI rahatI, zarIra to sthUla aura bAhya rUpa hai, kintu zarIra ke andara eka atyanta sUkSma tatva AtmA ke rUpa meM virAjamAna hai / AtmA jaDa jagata ke samasta bandhano se mukta he / zrAtma-tatva kI prApti hI jIvana kA parama dharma hai / jenendra ke samasta upanyAsa aura kahAniyo ke pAtra usI Atmatatva ke sAkSAtkAra ma prayatnazIla dikhAI paDate hai / 'jayavadhana', 'katyANI', 'tyAgapatra', 'parakha' prAdi upanyAso ma graha visarjana dvArA zrAtmatatva kI prApti kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| dhama kI pUrNatA graha ke visarjana me bhI sambhava ho sakatI hai| jaba vyakti 'para' ke hetu 'sva' kA tyAga karatA hai aura isa karma me usakI santrI niSThA vidyamAna rahatI hai, tabhI use apane karma kI sArthakatA kA anubhava hotA hai / jainendra ne dharma ke zAstra sammata rUpa ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai / dharma zabda 'dhA' dhAtu se nisRta hai / 'dhA' kA artha hai dhAraNa karanA / dharma kI dhAraNA zakti ke kAraNa hI sRSTi TikI huI hai / manuSya kA dharma sAmArika bandhano se mukta hokara uttarottara Izvaronmukha hotA hai / hindU dharma meM yaha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki dharma kI dhAraNA zakti kI kSamatA 'AtmA' meM hI nihita hai / ata pratyeka karma kA mUla Atmakendrita honA cAhie aura samasta karmoM kA Izvara kI jainendrakumAra, 1 jaina dharma ko bhI itanA jAnatA hai ki vaha zrAtma dharma hai' 'manthana', dillI, pra0 sa0 1653, pR0 61 /

Page #96
jainendra ra dharma prApti ke hetu hI kiyA huA samajhanA cAhie / " sabhI dharmoM ke prati samAna Adara kI bhAvanA rakhate hue bhI jainendra ne svadharma ko hI zreSTha mAnA hai / " jainendra kA dharma jaina dharma hai / jainI hone ke kAraNa jainendra svayaM ko jaina dharmAvalambI mAnate hai / jaina dharma ke adhikAza Adarzo kA unhone sapane sRjanAtmaka sAhitya me pratipAdana kiyA hai / grahisA, satya, aparigraha, prAnteya, grahazUnyatA Adi ke unake upanyAso me spaSTa hI darzana hote he / svadharma jIvana kA Adarza hote hue bhI sImita honA cAhie / jaba svadharma ko hama asIma mAnakara calane lagate hai, tabhI sagharSa utpanna hotA hai aura yaha vivAdAtmaka dvandva hisA kA poSaka he / apane dharma ko hI nirapekSarUpa se mahAna dharma mAnanA ucita nahI hai, kyoki jisa prakAra hamArA dharma hame priya hai aura zreSTha pratIta hotA hai, usI prakAra dUsare kA dharma use bhI zreSTha pratIta ho sakatA | jainendra jenI hote hue bhI jainetara ko apanA bhAI samajhanA cAhate hai / unake numAra jaina dharmI 'mAnavadharmI' hokara hI sarvasulabha aura upayogI ho sakatA hai / vaha saccA jaina banane ke dvArA hI sAdhAraNatayA saccA prAdamI bana sakatA hai| saccA prAdamI banane ke lie use apane janma athavA jIvana kI sthiti ko kAra karanA paDegA / isakI jainendra ko koI jarUrata nahI mAlUma paDatI / " jainandra jaina dharma kI syAdvAdI vicAradhArA ke prabhAva ke kAraNa hI vividha dharmo kI pranekatA ko miTAne ke pakSa me nahI hai / hindU dharma, islAma dharma, IsAI dharma saba satya he, " kintu una saba kI vibhinnatA eka 1 (ka) gItA me bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai-- sA ceSTate svasyA, prakRte zrapi, prakRtim yasti, bhUtAni, nigraha, kim kariSyati / 3 4 5 1 zloka 33, adhyAya 2 / ( kha ) -- jainendrakumAra ' jayavardhana' pra0 sa0 pR0 196, 167, 215 / yA svadharmo viguNa paradharmAtsvamuSThitAt / svadharmamidhana zreya paradharmo bhayatvaha gItA ||35|| a0 3 / jainendra 'manthana', pR0 81 / jainendra 'manthana', pR0 81 / 'apanA dharma chor3akara saba dharmoM ko eka banAne kI koziza bekAra koziza hai | dharmoM kI ekatA to paramadharma me hI hai / ' - jainendrakumAra 'manthana', pR0 85 /

Page #97
janendra kA jIvana-darzana parama vama meM kendrita ho jAtI hai aura vaha he ahisA' pati apana bama kA UcA kahate he prora molavI apane dhama ko| saba kA yahI vizvAsa rahatA hai ki merA bama hI sasAra se pAra dilAne kA ekamAtra sahI mAga hai| unakI 'samApti' zIpaka kahAnI gadhama ke nAma para hone vAle vAda-vivAda kA spATa ra dekhane kA milatA hai| nandhi prAcAryo ke anusAra kuThadhAma kA jo sanmAga pahacAne vAlA hai, vaha hai, jo mere dhama kA hai| bAkI pora pAyA naho to kyA hai / jainendra isa dvandvapUNa matAgraha ko svIkAra karane ke pakSa meM nahI hai / unake anusAra kimI ke dhama para prAghAta karanA himA hai| prapane varma ke prati niSThA hone ke sAtha hI dumare bama ke prati bhI prAdara honA caahie| saccA dhArmika vyakti vinamra hokara hI svadhama pAlana karatA hai|' dharma aura sampradAya dharma apane vizudda rUpa meM pratyakta he kyoki vaha prAtma-ma / mAnmA kA hama kevala anubhava kara gakate hai athavA ugaphai astitva kA anumAna lagA sakate hai, kintu usa dekha nahI sakata / kintu prAtmA kI gAnir IrIra para rahI mambhava hai| anyathA baha prA ke gazya hai| A-mahAna zarIra bhI vahI khlaayegaa| prata dAno kA sahaastitva anivArya hai| prabhAva magara kI kalpanA mAmArika dRSTi se upayukta nahI hai| mAnava jIvana ma pa raga, garIlI-amIrI, U ca-nIca prAdi nAnA vibhinnatApa tigAvara hAlI hai| manuSya apanI ajJAnatA ke kAraNa ina bAma bhadA ko hI matya mAna baiThatA hai aura gamasta jIvo ke prAragatatva kI mamAnatA ke rahara ya ko bhUla jAtA hai| mI ajJAnatA ke kAraNa vyakti-vyakti meM magharSa utpanna hotA hai| dharma . gAvanAtmaka sthiti hai| bhAvanA svaya me nirbala hai / jainendra ke anusAra kArI rAmabhAvanA meM itanI kSamatA nahI hai ki vaha apana kA cirasthAyI banAe rakha sake / prata dhama ke sthAyitva ke lie sampradAya athavA masyA kA astitva anivAya he / prAcInakAla se Aja taka yadi mAnava-dharma sthAyI raha gakA hai to vaha vibhinna dhAmika sasthAno, dhAmika grantho Adi ma sannihita hAkara hI akSaNa 1 svadharma ge gImita ora Adaza ke asIma hone ke kAraNa hamako eka parama dharma prApta hotA hai| vaha le ahimA / ' 2 --jainendra 'mamAgni' gampA0 zivanandanapragAda, dillI, 1966, 10 206 / 3 -jainandra 'rAmApti', pR0 207 / 4 'manthana', pR0 166 /

Page #98
jainendra aura dharma raha sakA hai / dharma prora sampradAya AtmA aura deha ke sadRzya akATya bandhana se badhe hai| unake sambandho ko bAhya prahAro dvArA naSTa karanA ucita nahI hai / jainenda ke anusAra dharma kA sasthAbaddha rUpa hI sAmAjika vyavasthA ke lie upayukta ho sakatA hai| ___jainendra kI dhArmika vicAradhArA samayAnukUla parivartanazIla hai| yuga kI paristhitiyo pora mAnasika cetanA ke parivartana ke sAtha yadi usame parivartana nahI hotA to use svIkAra karanA kaThina pratIta hogA / sRSTi ke AdikAla se hI Atmatatva ke jJAna kI jijJAsA mAnava me vidyamAna rahI hai / jIvana parivartanazIla hai| jIvana meM parivartana hone ke sAtha-hI-sAtha vyakti vicAro aura mAnyatApro me bhI parivartana honA svAbhAvika hai| dharma jIvana ke vividha ago kA mUlAdhAra hai / ata dharma ke bAhya rUpa sampradAya aura sasthAno me bhI antara pAnA svAbhAvika hai| jisa prakAra zarIra nazvara hai, eka hI zarIra anantakAla taka eka hI rUpa me vidyamAna nahIM raha sakatA / isake atirikta rogagrasta tathA vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa ajita zarIra kA naSTa honA Avazyaka hai anyathA vaha zarIra hI bojha bana jAtA hai| usI prakAra dhArmika sampradAyo kI bhI eka nizcita prAyu hotI hai| mamaya-samaya para sasthAno me aneko dopa utpanna ho jAte hai / ata dharmAcAryoM dvArA dharma ke sampradAya rUpI zarIra kA punarnirmANa Avazyaka hai / prAdhunika yuga vijJAna kA yuga hai / aba logo kI bAhya karmakANDa me prAsthA samApta ho rahI hai| jainendra vartamAna mAnasika cetanA aura paristhitiyo se pUrNata avagata hai| unhe dharma kI vyApaka zakti kA pUrNa jJAna hai / unake anusAra dharma karmakANDa me hI sImita nahIM raha sktaa| dharma kA svarUpa yuga-vizeSa kI AvazyakatA para hI nirbhara karatA hai, kintu dharma ke astitva ko kabhI bhI nakArA nahI jA sakatA / dharma to Atma dharma hai, jIvana dharma hai prata usakA rUpa zAzvata hai| AtmA ke svarUpa me koI antara nahI paataa| sabhI sampradAya Atma-dharma se yukta hokara hI sahI mAne jA sakate hai / dharma rahita sampradAya usI prakAra vyartha he, jese AtmA rahita zarIra / jainendra ke anusAra dharma ke sasthAgata rUpa ko svIkAra karane ke lie ahisA dharma kA pAlana Avazyaka hai| kisI bhI sampradAya ke astitva para prAghAta nahI kiyA jA sakatA, kyoki ve dharma kI prApti ke vivibha mArga hai, jo eka hI lakSya kI ora satat agrasara ho rahe hai| jainendra kA yaha daSTikoNa satya aura upayogI pratIta hotA hai / usame dvandva ke lie sthAna 1 'manthana', pR.0 166 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'prazna aura prazna', dillI, pR0 116 /

Page #99
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana nahI rhtaa| jisa prakAra vibhinna nadiyA vibhinna mArgoM se pravAhita hote hue bhI sAgara meM hI samAhita hotI hai| usI prakAra vibhinna matavAda mAtra 'IzvaraprAptaka mArga hI hai / lakSya kI prApti hI jIvana kA uddezya honA cAhie / yadi hama mArga me hI ulajhe raha gaye to satya kI prApti nahI kara sakate / satya to sarvatra eka hai, cAhe vaha bhArata me ho yA vizva ke kisI bhI kone meM ho| jainendra ne dharma ko vyakti ke AcaraNa taka sImita karake use sAmAjika aura vizvavyApI banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| 'anantara' me vanAni dvArA jisa zAntidhAma kI sthApanA kI yojanA banAI gaI hai, vaha dharma kI sakIrNa manovRtti kI paricAyaka na hokara vizvavyApI mAnava-dharma kI sthApanA kA prayatna pratIta hotI hai| sasthA aura sampradAya me rahakara hI dharma-bhAvanA pragatizIla ho sakatI hai| 'anantara' me zAnti-dhAma kisI khAsa dharma yA mata kA pravartaka na hokara mAnavamAtra kI parasparatA ko baDhAne kA eka mahatvapUrNa sAdhana hai / vastuta jainendra kI dhArmika dRSTi atyanta udAra hai / unake sAhitya me jahA kahI bhI unakI dhArmikatA ke darzana hote hai, ve unake vicAro kI uccatA aura vyApakatA ke hI darzana karAte hai| unakA sAhitya unake pAtmajJAna (dharma) kA hI abhityakta rUpa hai / Aja manuSya kI svArthamayI dRSTi ne sampradAyo ko pita aura kalakita kara diyA hai / 'sampradAya' zabda se hI svArtha kI gandha AtI hai| eka rAmpradAya dUsare sampradAya ke samarthako para nAnA Aropa karate hai / irA durAgraha meM dharma kI mUla savedanA sampradAya se chUTa jAtI hai aura ve kalaha aura sagharSa ke kendra bana jAte hai| jainendra ke anusAra vibheda kI vidrohAtmaka sthiti adharma kI sUcaka hai| para ke lie sva kA tyAga hI jaina dharma kA mUlAdhAra hai / jainendra ke anusAra yadyapi parama dharma mAnava dharma athavA ahisA dharma hai, kintu sAmAnya rUpa se kisI ko kisI viziSTa mArga para calane ke lie vivaza nahI kiyA jA sktaa| 'anantara' me janendra ne apanI isI sadRdayatA kA paricaya diyA hai| unake anusAra mata 1 'vanAni eka sasthA sthApita karanA cAhatI hai, 'zAnti dhAma' / deza-videza kA prazna usame na hogA, na kisI khAsa dharma yA mantavya / unakA vicAra hai ki apanI-apanI saskRtiyo ne bhI manuSya kI parasparatA me bAdhA DAlI hai|' --jainendrakumAra 'anantara' dillI, 1668, pR0 67 / 2 'hama apane mana se sabako nApate hai| zAyada hama vivaza hai| isalie hamame se hara eka ko nahI cAhie ki svaya ko lekara jo bhI cAhe ho, dUsare ko usa jaisA rahane de|' -jainendra 'anantara', pR0 67 /

Page #100
jainendra aura dharma bheda svAbhAvika hai, kintu apane hI mata kA Agraha vyakti athavA sampradAya ke aha kA sUcaka hai| aisI sthiti meM usakA dharma rUpa vinaSTa ho jAtA hai| dharma to vyakti ke aha ko galA detA hai, use atyadhika vinamra banA detA hai| usame dvanda kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa|' jenendra ke anusAra dharma ke sampradAyagata hone kI bhI kucha mAnyatAe hai, unakI pUrti meM hI dharma ke sampradAyagata hone kI sArthakatA hai, anyathA vaha samAja meM viSamatA ora sagharSa utpanna karane me hI sahAyaka hotA hai / koI bhI sampradAya dharmagata hokara avahelanIya nahI ho sakatA, kintu Aja dharmatatva vilIna hotA jA rahA hai| kevala nirjIva zarIra ke rUpa me sampradAya hI pracalita hai| sampradAya satya kI prApti kA sAdhana hai, use hI satya mAnakara hama satya se vimukta ho jAte hai / jainendra ke anusAra sampradAya dharma ko gherate nahI phailAte hai| satya kA jijJAsu vyakti uttarottara maulika zarIra ke bandhano se mukta hotA huA Atmatatva ke rahasya ko jAnane me rata rahatA hai, bhautikatA use ghera nahI paatii| usI prakAra saccA sampradAya matavAda ke dvandvo se pare mAnava-hita ke hetu svaya ko bandhana-mukta karatA jAtA hai / usakA jIvana mAnava sevA me hI samarpita hotA hai| ___ vastuta jainendra ne dharma ke sampradAyagata rUpa ko spaSTata svIkAra kiyA hai| kintu unakI AsthA mAnava-hita me hI kendrita hai| dharma kA guNa maitrI utpanna karatA hai / jainendra ke anusAra 'dharma vaha hai jise mAnakara buddhi me namratA AtI hai aura vidroha nahI rahatA / dhArmika sampradAyo kI yadi dharma ke prati AsthA nahI hai to ve vyartha hai / jainendra ke anusAra bAhRyADambara se adhika dharma ke prati Atmika zraddhA honI caahie| Aja logo kI dharma para se zraddhA uTha gaI hai| mAnava jIvana artha aura kAmamaya hI ho gayA hai / yadyapi artha aura kAma bhI jIvana ke puruSArtha hai kintu unakA bhI dharmamaya honA Avazyaka hai| dharma aura vijJAna Adhunika yuga vijJAna kA yuga hai / sAmAnyata logo me vijJAna ke sambandha me eka bhayAvaha dRSTi vyApta hai| unake anusAra vaijJAnika AviSkAro 1 'dharma jise galA detA hai, mata usI ko phulAne lgaa|' -jainendra . 'anantara', pR0 85 / 2 jainendrakumAra * 'manthana', pR0 171 / 3 jainendrakumAra 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAnta', pR0 131 /

Page #101
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana ne jIvana ko mazIna ke sadRzya banA diyA hai, usakI pAtmika zavita vilupta ho gaI hai| sAmAnyata dharma aura vijJAna do viparIta sthitiyA pratIta hotI hai| dharma yadi hRdaya kI vastu he to vijJAna buddhi aura taka kii| varma ke dvArA hama Atmatatva ko jAnane kA prayAsa karate he ora vijJAna dvArA brahmADa me vyApta araNa-paramAraNa ke antanihita satya ko samajhane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai| jainendra dharma aura vijJAna ke sambandha me eka navIna dRSTi apanAkara cale hai / unhone dharma aura vijJAna ke madhya kI khAI ko bharane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| unake anusAra yadi varma AtmA kI vastu hai to vijJAna zarIra kI vastu he| dono kA aTUTa sambandha honA caahie| jainendra ke anusAra Aja dharma kA astitva sthira rakhane ke lie usake prati saccI zraddhA anivArya hai| zradvAhIna dharma kI kalpanA nirAdhAra hai / bhArata dharmapradhAna deza he / sAmAnyata bhAratavarSa ko hI vizva kA ekamAtra vArmika pratinidhi samajhA jAtA hai kintu satyatA isa se pare he bhAratavAsiyo me yaha dabha he ki ve apanI AdhyAtmikatA ke kAraNa hI udyoga me pichaDe hue hai, kintu yaha unakA bhrama hai| varma kA dikhAvA karate hue bhI bhAratIyo kI AtmA varma se mukta ho gaI hai / jainendra apane yuga kI isa rigati se pUragata paricita hai| isIlie unake upanyAso me dhArmika kamakANDa Adi ke dazana nahI hote / unhone dharma ke jisa rUpa ko svIkAra kiyA hai, vaha vijJAnasammata hai| unake anusAra vaijJAnika kI satya ke prati AsthA kabhI bhI samApta yA manda nahI hotii| dharma me satya ke sambandha me vividha matabheda ho sakate hai, kintu vijJAna me satya jo hai vaha hai cAhe vaha pratyakSa rUpa se dRSTigocara ho sake yA nhii| vaha satat kAryazIla rahatA hai| jainendra ke anusAra prAvunika yuga me ekamAtra gAdhI hI dharma ke mahAna vaijJAnika hue hai / vijJAna kA viSaya 'padArtha' hai / vaha vastu ke anAsakta hokara usake sAra tatva ko grahaNa karane meM prayatnazIla hai| dharma me vastu ora nija ke prati anAsakta bhAva ke darzana hote hai / vijJAna jIvana se hI sabaddha hai| mAnava upayogitA se pRthak hokara vijJAna kA koI mahatva nahIM hai| jainendra ne dharma ko vijJAnamaya banAne ke hetu usakI AtmA ko ho grahaNa kiyI hai / kama ke prati satat niSThA hI vijJAna kA dharma hai / vastu bhalI he yA burI isase vijJAna kA koI sambandha nahI hai| dharma kA yahI svarUpa jainendra ne 'kalyANI' ma bhI vyakta kiyA hai| dhama ke vijJAna-sammata rUpa ko svIkAra karane meM varma 1 jainendrakumAra 'itastata' 186 / 2 jainendra kumAra 'itastata' 160 / 3 'upayogI karma meM apane ko bhUlakara lage rahanA hI dharma hai|' -jainendra kalyANI', dillii|

Page #102
jonma prora garma 67 ke pracAra kA gAgraha nahI hotA / Agraha bAhya jagat kI vastu hai, kintu vaijJAnika vijJApana ge dUra apanI prayoga-zAlA me kAryarata rahatA hai| usakI navIna khojo kA anAyAma hI pracAra ho jAtA hai, use payAsa nahI karanA paDatA / jainendra isI tathya ko raSTi meM lekara dharma ko bhI sahaja banAnA cAhate hai, usake pracAra me unakI prArayA nhii| unake anusAra prAsthA to karma kI dharmamayatA me honI cAhie, pagAra meM nahI, jainendra ne eka vaijJAnika ke sadRzya 'kAzmIra kI yAtrA' meM apane jIvana ko eka prayoga mAnA hai| jainendra ke anusAra vaijJAnika yadi mAnava-dharma kI ora khicegA to eka aise vizvAsa prora AsthA kA janma hogA jo sAmAnya pracalita artha se bhinna hogii| vizvArA nizcita rUpa se vaha hai jo sau phIsadI tarkAzrita nahI hai| vaijJAnika kI samasta pragati usake antara meM nihita aTUTa AsthA kA hI pariNAma hai| vijJAna nitAnta buddhi-sammata hokara mAnava jIvana kI upayogitA se taTastha ho jAtA hai| vijJAna kI mArthakatA AsthAparaka hone me hai / prAya aise udAharaNa dekhane ko milate hai, jaba ki vaijJAnika apanI pragati kI caramAvasthA me mata hAta hA dene jAte hai| jainendra ke anusAra dharma AsthA kA viSaya hai, kintu kabhI-bhI usameM itanA tarka-vitarka utpanna ho jAtA hai ki dharma kI mUla savedanA pATa ho jAtI hai| vijJAna kA tarka buddhi sammata aura satya para AdhArita hotA he / anyAtmavAdiyo kI Izvara ke astitva ke sambandha me vividha dhAraNAe pracalita hai| jainendra ne isa satya ko apanI eka kahAnI me koyale me Aga ke astitva ke AdhAra para darzAyA hai / tatvajJAnI kabhI bhI apane satya kA pUrNa pratipAdana kie binA gantuSTa nahI ho sktaa| isa prayAsa me vivAdiyo me mAra-pITa taka kI bhI sthiti yA jAtI hai, kintu koI bhI hAra mAnane ko taiyAra nahI hotA / jainendra dharma meM bAla kI khAla nikAlane ke pakSa me nahI hai| unake anusAra 'mukkA mukkI dvArA tatva nirNaya hI kAla-jJApana kA eka upAya nahI hai, anya bhI aneka karma hai| jIvana unase bhI calatA hai, balki bahasa kI jagaha una kAmo ko karanA kucha kahalA sakatA hai|" jainendra kI dhArmika vaijJAnikatA 1 jainendra 'kAzmIra kI vaha yAtrA', pR0 36 / 2 'buddhi jisako vizvAsa kA sahArA nahI, bavyA hotI hai| yaha vizvAsa buddhi kA pUraka hotA hai / vaha buddhi ko nahI, kevala usake dabha kA naSTa karatA hai aura isa taraha kevala use namratA, nAjukatA grahaNazIlatA detA hai| jainandra 'samaya aura hama' pR0 117 / 3 'samApti', pR0 304-306 / 4. jainendrakumAra . 'samApti', pR0 305 /

Page #103
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana kA AdhAra yahI karmazIlatA hai, vAda-vivAda nhii| jena dharma me anyavizvAso aura mithyA ADambaro kA unmUlana dhama ke tarka sammata rUpa dvArA hI kiyA gayA hai / yahA tarkajAla na bichAkara, korI bhAvanA me buddhi kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| dharma aura rAjanIti ___ jainendra ke sAhityika-racanA kA prArambhika kAla rAjanItika uthala-puthala kA kAla thaa| cAro ora gAdhI kA prabhAva vyApta thA / rAjanIti ko loga dharma se nirapekSa rakhanA cAhate the| unake anusAra rAjanIti ke hisAtmaka dharAtala para dharma ko ArUDha nahI kiyA jA sakatA thaa| gAdhI kA jIvana AdhyAtmikatA aura naitikatA kA spaSTa udAharaNa hai| unhone apanA sArA jIvana deza kI rAjanIti me hI lagAyA thA kintu rAjanItika-pariveza me rahate hue bhI ve rAjanetA nahI the| vaha to mahAn dhArmika aura adhyAtma puruSa the| unake anusAra rAjanIti jIvana kA aga hone ke kAraNa jIvana-dharma se vimukha nahI ho sktii| dharma-nirapekSa rAjanIti me mAnava-kalyANa ko vizeSa prazraya nahI diyA jA sktaa| usame rAjanIti kA tAtparya rAjatatra se liyA jAtA hai| jainendra ne apane jIvana kI aAvyAtmikatA ko rAjanIti me DhAlane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| jainendra' gAdhI ke yuga me hI hue hai| ve gAdhI ke vAda se badhe hue nahI hai, kintu yugIna cetanA se ve svaya ko pUrNata taTastha nahI kara ske| jainendra ke anusAra dharma kI sAdhanA rAjanetA jisa prakAra saphalatApUrvaka kara pAtA hai, utanA dharma kA netA nahI / ' dharma bhAvAtmaka hai, rAjanIti karmapradhAna hai| dhArmika siddhAto aura prAdarzI kA sakriya aura vyavasthita rUpa hI rAjanIti hai| jainendra ke anusAra sAmAnyata dhama-nirapekSatA ke do rUpa dekhane ko milate hai / eka vaha rUpa jisame dharma ke prati pUrNa upekSA bhAva rahatA hai aura dUsarA vaha jisame kisI dharma-vizeSa ko na svIkAra karate hue bhI sabhI dharmoM ke prati samAna Adara kI bhAvanA dRSTigata hotI hai| rAjanIti me jainendra ne dharma ke jisa svarUpa kA samAveza karanA cAhA hai, vaha usakA vijJAnasammata rUpa hI hai| usame pUjA-vratAdi ko prazraya na dekara dhArmika zradvA ko vizeSa mahatva diyA gayA hai / 'jayavardhana' aura 'muktibodha' me tathA kucha kahAniyo me unakI isI vicAradhArA ke darzana hote hai| unake anusAra vibhinna rASTro me dharma-yuddha kI sthiti hI svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai| sImA 1 pa0 javAharalAla neharU 'merI kahAnI', pR0 531 / 2 jainendra 'jayavarvana', pR0 366 /

Page #104
jainendra aura dharma 66 vistAra prodyogIkaraNa ke vistAra ke hetu hone vAlA yuddha pArasparika sneha ko samApta kara detA hai / jainendra ke anusAra sagharSa kI sthiti kevala sat aura asat, nyAya aura anyAya ke madhya hI svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai| aisI sthiti me yuddha dharma bhAvanA se anuprANita hokara paricAlita hotA hai| kSatriya kA dharma satya kI rakSA ke hetu yuddha karanA hai| yahI unakA dharma hai| jainendra vyakti ke dharma ko brAhmaNa, kSatriya Adi kI sImAno se mukta kara mAnava dharma ke rUpa meM dekhanA cAhate hai / vastuta jainendra vyakti kI sArthakatA dharmamaya hone me hI svIkAra karate hai| unakA vizvAsa hai ki 'gAdhI ke bAda hamane bhautika para dhyAna diyA hai, naitika kI tarapha durlakSa kiyA hai, phira bhI usa naitika bhASA kA uccAra aura udghoSa karate Ae hai| aise bAhara aura andara kI sthitiyo me pharka paDA aura hamArI sAkha TUTa rahI hai / '2 jainendra ke anusAra netA tyAga aura sevA-bhAva dvArA hI dharmavata AcaraNa kara sakatA hai, jo vyakti sevA ke hetu pada kI kAmanA karate hai, ve vAstava me duniyA ko dhokhA dete hai / sevAbhAvI ke lie pada kA lobha nirarthaka hai, kintu rAjya-vyavasthA ke hetu yadi netRtva Avazyaka hI hai to yaha Atma kendrita honA caahie| usame zAsaka kI apekSA sevaka kA dharma pramukha honA caahie| jainendra kI dRSTi me ahisA jainendra kI dhArmika-dRSTi vyakti kI hI samasyA kA samAdhAna na hokara antarrASTrIya aura vizvavyApI samasyA kA samAdhAna hai / usame rASTravAda kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| jainendra kI ahisaka dRSTi satya ko sImita karane ke pakSa me nahI hai| unake sAhitya kI AtmA aha-visarjana aura ahisA me hI nihita hai| jainendra ke manusAra ahisA eka akhaDa satya hai, yaha Atmika dharma hai| ahisA dharma ke lie koI apavAda nahI hai| kyoki vaha parama dharma hai / parama dharma to nirapavAda hotA hI hai| vyakti, paristhiti aura deza-kAla Adi ke bheda se usake svarUpa me koI antara nahI paDatA / jainendra ne svadharma ke pAlana para vizeSa bala diyA hai| svadharma-pAlana ke mUla me unakI ahisaka nIti hI vidyamAna hai| 1. jainendra 'kAladharma' (jainendra kI pratinidhi kahAniyA), dillI, 1966, pR0 236-rAjya mAnava dharma ke siddhAto ke anusAra calanA caahie|' 'kAla dharma', pR0 235 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'muktibodha', pR0 50 / 3 jainendrakumAra 'jayavardhana', 1956, pR0 147 /

Page #105
100 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana unake anusAra jaba taka hama apUrNa hai, aza he taba taka hamArA dharma ahisA he| kisI ke dharma para coTa karanA hisA hI hai| jainendra kI ahisaka nIti zArIrika hisA taka hI sImita na hokara mana aura varNAgata ahisA me bhI vyApta hai| ___ahisA jainendra kI dhArmika vicAradhArA kA mUlAdhAra he / ahisA vaha prANatatva hai, jisame vimukta hokara varma Tika nahI sakatA / jaina dharma meM ahisA para bahuta padhika jora diyA hai| unakI prahisaka nIti to vizva-niravyAta hai / jaina dharma me ahisA kA bahuta kAThoratA se pAlana kiyA gayA, usame lacaka nahI hai| jainendra ne ahisA ko mAnava-vama me antarnihita karake racanA kI hai| jainendra ke anusAra ahisA bAhyAcaraNa se adhika Antarika prema aura niSThA me vidyamArA honI caahie| aprema ke vazIbhUta hokara kiyA gayA prANaghAta hI vAstavika hisA kA dyotaka hai, anyathA deha ke marane yA mArane mAtra me hisA nahI hai|' kAraNa, prema hI bhagavAn hai, vaha prema kA ghAta bhagavad ghAta hogA, hisA vahI hai| prema niSThA, bhagavad niSThA ahisA he| jenendra ne sva-varma-pAlana me hone vAlI hisA ko pApa nahI mAnA he / sAmAnyarUpa se unhone jIva hisA ko bahuta bar3A pApa mAnA hai| vicAragata coTa bhI ugkI dRSTi meM hisAtmaka hI hai, kintu svayama pAlana me vahI hisA vyakti kA katavya ho jAtI hai, kyoki svavarma pAlana hI mAnava-dharma hai / yadyapi hisA kA yaha karma nirapekSa dRSTi se svIkArya nahIM hai, kintu sApekSa dRSTi se katavyacyuta vyakti avarmonmukha hI samajhA jAyagA / vastuta jainendra kI vicAradhArA gatizIlatA kI paricAyaka hai| usame jaDatA aura rUDhibaddhatA nahI hai| kartavya kI pUrti ke lie hRdaya ke madhura bhAvo kA bhI utsarga karanA par3atA hai| jainendra kI 'nirmama' kahAnI isa bAta kA spaSTa udAharaNa hai, usame hame gItA ke karmayoga Ara niSkAma bhAva ke darzana hote hai| zivA sainya dala kI hisA se ghabaDA kara apane hRdaya kI pyAsa ko prema ke dvArA tRpta karanA cAhatA hai, kintu guru kA 1 jainendra kumAra 'jayavardhana', dillI, 1656, pR0 148 / 'deha ke jIne marane se usakA (ahisA kA) sambandha nahI hai| maiM saba bAra bAra mArU yA saikaDo, hajAro, lAkho, karoDo me, isa sabase ahisA kA koI sambandha nahI hai| para apane bhItara ke prema ko marane dU to mujhase aparAdhI kauna hogA ?' 2 jainendra kumAra 'jayavardhana', pR0 148 / 3 sAmya gAdhI 'gAdhI vicAra dohana,' ahisA kA bhAva dRzya pariNAmo se adhika ata karaNa kI rAgadveSa-vihIna avasthA me hai /

Page #106
jainendra pora dhama Adeza use kartavya baddha kara detA hai| yaha satya hai ki pAcIna kAla se hI sva-dharma pAlana hI vyakti kA dharma rahA hai / gItA kA gamarata jJAna arjana ko svadharmonmukha karane ke lie hI kRSNa dvArA pratiphalita hugA / jainendra kI kahAniyo ora upanyAso meM anyatra bhI isa karmaniSThA ke darzana jhAle hai| unhone karmaniSThA meM bhI niSkAma bhAvanA ko prAdurbhUta karane kA sapAga kigA hai| niSkAma bhAva se kiyA gayA kArya tyAga aura parahita kI bhAvanA sa makta hotA hai| kAmanAyukta karma meM vyakti svahita kI aora adhika prAkRSTa hotA hai| isalie 'nirmama' kahAnI me guru ziSya ko sanmArga kI progrerita karate hue kahate he.-"jAmro ziva kA karma karo / zakA na karo aAkAzA na kraa|" jainendra ke vicAra --mAdhI aura jaina darzana jaina darzana kA mukhya siddhAta 'syAdvAda' hai / jainendra ke anusAra 'syAdvAda' ahisA kA bauddhika prarUpaNa hai| jo bhI kathana apane-mAga / mApekSya ho vaha nirapekSa bhAva se pUrNa nahI ho sakatA / isalie kathana ke sAmA prativAthana bhI anivArya hai| yaha bhAvanA sthAt kI apekSA ro prA / lr' ke kAraNa aneka vAda paraspara pratikUla na hokara apanI prAnI jagaH ga ga hA gakate hai| isako anekAta bhI kahA gayA hai| syAdvAda meM tanika bhi. pati pratyeka kathana svaya apane asti aora nAsti dono me vaha parata ... gabhinna hai ki 'yaha vastu nahI hai|' syAdvAda athavA anekAta dono bauddhika kSetra meM ahigA kI parcA ke kendra ke aura yaha ahisA vahI mUla tatva sva para bodhaka hai / imIni pAdAda para TIkA ho sakI hai ki vaha mana aura prAcAra kI zithilatA kA sUcaka mAnA gayA hai| kintu jainiyo ne jitanA syAdvAda para bala diyA hai usase kama samyaka dazana para nahI hai / isame zraddhA kI avicalatA kA nidarzana hotA hai / gamyam darzana prAma, apta he aura ho sakatA hai / usame kahI kisI samajhaute kI AvazyatA nahI hai| 1 'jo cIja tumhe du kha pahucAtI hai, hisA vahI karane ke lie naga bAnya ho| yaza-pratiSThA jisase tuma bhAganA cAhate ho ve hI tumhe cinI lI hai, kintu mai samajhatA hUM ziva kA vaha virATa utsarga kA prabagara / / taba jo tuma jaise viralo ko milatA hai, tuma khoproge nahI / ' - jainendra -- 'jainendra kI pratinidhi kahAniyA' (nirmaga), pa0 / 2 gItA - 2 adhyAya (zloka 11 me pUrA adhyAya) 3 jainendra kI pratinidhi kahAniyA, pR0 46 /

Page #107
102 jainendra kA jovana-darzana vaha Upara se nIce taka virodhAbhAsa lagAe hue hai / samyak darzana kA syAdvAda se mela nahI, kintu tatva kI bhUmikA para cAhe jaisA virova dIkhatA ho jIvana me sAmajasya sahaja phalita ho sakatA hai|' ___ jaina darzana me eka aora dRSTi kI mApekSatA ke darzana hote hai, to dUsarI ora Agraha pravAna hai / vastuta 'syAdvAda aura samyak dazana' paraspara virodhI hai| yadyapi jaina dArzaniko ne vyAvahArika bhUmikA para sAmajasya sthApita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, kintu tAtvika dRSTi se uname koI sagati nahI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainiyo kI ahisA kA siddhAta bhI saiddhAntika hI raha jAtA hai / jainiyo ke vicAra me bauddhika nirUpaNa adhika hai, zraddhA kA abhAva hai| ____gAdhI ne 'satyAgraha', dvArA sidvAta aora vyavahAra me sAmajasya sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / gAdhI darzana advaitavAda kA poSaka hai| jaina darzana dvaitamUlaka hai| eka me baudvika abhimata pradhAna hai to dUsare me tAtvika satya kI pravAnatA hai / jainiyo me bauddhika dRDhatA AtI hai, gAdhI ke sidvAnta me karma kI dRDhatA pAtI hai, boddhika sakIrNatA nahI AtI hai / jainendra ke anusAra jainI ahisA kI vAraNA karuNAmayI hai| advata se udbhUta nahI h| isalie usama jIva dayA kA atireka bhI ho jAtA hai / jainI ahisA me jIvana kI maraNazIlatA kama ho jAtI hai jaba ki gAdhI jI kI ahisA aikya mUlaka hai / jainI ahisA svakendrita hotI hai| jaina darzana me 'ye karo, ye na karo' kI pravatti bahuta adhika milatI hai / niSedha ke dvArA jIvana kI pUrNatA kI prApti nahI ho sktii| gAdhI darzana me vyAvahArika jIvana kI pUrNatA athavA aikya ke darzana hote hai / jaina darzana me grahIta ahisA kI jAtI hai aura kI jA sakatI hai, jaba ki Astikya vAlI ahisA bAhara kI nahI jA sakatI hai arthAt ahisA karma kA vizeSaNa athavA lakSaNa nahI raha jAtI, pratyuta jIvana se tadgata hotI jAtI hai| usa ahisA kA svarUpa bAhara se hisA jaisA hI laga jAe to asambhava nahI hai / kintu jaina darzana me hisA ko kisI bhI sthiti meM svIkAra nahI kiyA jA sktaa| gAdhI darzana me advaita bhAva kI pradhAnatA hai jisake kAraNa 'sva para' me koI antara nahI hai| 'para' ko kaSTa se mukta karane me 'sva' dvArA hisA nahI, varan aparokSarUpa se varma kA hI sevana hotA hai| gAdhI jI ne apane rugNa, maraNAsanna bachaDe ke kaSTa ko asahanIya samajhakara use jIva-mukti dene me hI dharma kA aza svIkAra kiyA, kintu jaina dharmI kabhI bhI aisA nahI kara sktaa| jainendra ke sAhitya meM 'hatyA' zIrSaka kahAnI uparokta tathya kI satyatA ko 1 jainendra se sAkSAtkAra ke avasara pr|

Page #108
jainendra ora dhama pramANita karane ke lie bahuta hI upayukta hai| usame lekhaka ne eka ora pUrNa ahisaka arthAt jainI kI 'sva para' mUlaka karuNA kI ora igita kiyA hai to dUsarI ora AstikatA pradhAna advaitamUlaka satya kI ora saketa kiyA hai| anta me advaitavAdI vyakti Astika hote hue bhI 'ghoDI' kI jIvanamukti me dharma kI jhalaka dekhatA huA use apanI golI kA zikAra banA letA hai| ghoDI ke mAlika provaramiyara ke hRdaya me apanI purAnI ghoDI ke lie ghara ke prAtmIya sambandhiyo ke sadRzya hI apAra prema hai / ve usake kaSTa ko dekhakara bahuta dukhI rahate hai kintu dUsare agreja sajjana ke hRdaya me bhI dayA kama nahI hai / kintu unakI dayA ghoDI ko maratA huA nahI rahane denA cAhatI / ' isa prakAra uparokta ghaTanA dvArA gAdhI kI ahisA aura jaina darzana kI ahisA kA antara spaSTa ho jAtA hai / jainendra para gAdhI kI hI ahisA kA prabhAva lakSita hotA hai| jainendra ne bhI karma se adhika bhAvanA para bala diyA hai| unakI dRSTi me 'sva-para' bhinna nahI hai| isalie 'para' kI du kha se mukti anivArya hai| jainendra-sAhitya me ahisA vividha sandarbho me dRSTigata hotI hai| unhone apane upanyAsa ke pAtro ke citraNa me apanI pUrNa ahisaka nIti kA hI paricaya diyA hai / ve kisI ke hRdaya ke prema ko coTa nahI pahucAnA caahte| unake pAtra svaya tila-tila kara mara jAte hai kintu apane kAraNa kisI ko kaSTa nahI dete| 'parakha' me kaTTo tathA 'tyAgapatra' kI mRNAla unake aise hI pAtra hai. jinakA jIvana kaSTa bhelane me hI bItatA hai / 'parakha' apane premI pAtra kI prasannatA ke lie apanA sarvasva nyochAvara kara detI hai| vaha nahI vAhatI ki usake kAraNa usake premI kI kaSTa ho / 'tyAgapatra' me mRNAla kA jIvana vyathA se pUrNa hai| kintu apanI vyathA ko vaha bATanA nahI cAhatI / vaha nahIM cAhatI ki usake kAraNa usakA bhatIjA kaSTa pAye / ina dono upanyAso me jainendra ne nija kI vyathA ko sahane meM hI apanI ahisaka nIti kA paricaya diyA hai / 'sukhadA', 'vivarta' me bhI jainendra ne sukhadA aura bhuvana mohinI ke pati ko unake pyAra kI rakSA ke hetu kaSTa sahate hue dikhAyA hai, kintu uparokta upanyAso me ina upanyAso kI sthiti me antara hai / unake tyAga kI carama sImA thI, tyAga saharpa thA, kintu ina upanyAso me puruSa pAtro kI durbalatA kA hI paricaya milatA hai| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki ve apanI ahisaka nIti ke kAraNa patnI ke mArga meM bAdhA nahI utpanna karate to ucita nahI pratIta hogA / 'sukhadA' aura 'vivarta' ke puruSa pAtra bahuta kAyara se pratIta hote hai / ahisA sAhasa me hai, vivazatA me nahI / 1 jainendrakumAra jainendra 'pratinidhi kahAniyA', pR0 85 /

Page #109
104 janendra kA jovana-darzana aparigraha ___ jainendra ne ahisA ke atirikta aparigraha, sevA, tyAga Adi bhAno ko bhI jIvana kI varmamayatA ke lie Avazyaka mAnA hai| pahisA me hI aparigraha garbhita hotA hai| vyakti se lekara rASTrIya aura antarrASTrIya stara taka jo parigrahI pravRtti dekhane ko milatI hai, vaha manuSya kI parigrahI pravRtti kA hI pariNAma hai / adhika se adhika baTorane kI abhilASA se hI hama eka-dUsare kI vagtu kA apaharaNa karate he aura isa chIna-jhapaTa me hisA kA praveza svAbhAvika he / vastuta jIvana kI ahisAtmaka nIti ke lie aparigrahitA anivArya hai| jaina dharma me ati sacaya kI pravRtti kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai aura digambara sampradAya ke siddhAnta isa daSTi se bahuta hI kaThora hai| unakI aparigrahI daSTi jIvana ko bahuta hI sAdA aura nIrasa banA detI hai| bAhya-zuSkatA mana kI samasta komala bhAvanApro ko naSTa kara detI hai kintu ahisaka ke lie sahRdaya honA Avazyaka hai| jainendra prAne jIvana aura sAhitya me mavyama mArga ko apanA kara cate hai| unake anusAra Izvaronmukha ko choDakara kisI bhI mArga kI ekonmukhatA * vAbhAvika nahI hai| varma hRdaya kI vastu he prata aparigraha kI bhAvanA hRdaya ma prAdurbhUta honI cAhie, kyoki prAya bAhya jIvana me aparigrahI diyA dene se vyakti kI vastu ke prati bahuta adhika Asakti hotI hai| ata anAmakta bhAva se grahaNa kI gaI koI bhI nidhi vyakti ko usake dharma se nahI girA sktii| jainendra ke anusAra 'aparigraha kI kRtArthatA vastu ke achUte rahane meM nahI hai, vastu ke madhya khule rahane me he / ' vastuta jainendra ne kisI bhI sidvAta kA andhAnukaraNa nahI kiyA hai| unakI aparigrahI pravRtti me manovaijJAnika sUjha-bUjha ke darzana hote hai| yaha manovaijJAnika satya he ki jaba vastu yA kisI pravRti para atyadhika dabAva DAlA jAtA hai to usame visphoTa honA svAbhAvika hotA hai| jisa kArya kA adhika se adhika niSeva kiyA jAtA he usa kArya kI ora unmukha hone ke lie hama adhika lAlAyita rahate hai| dhana ke yA vastu ke pratinipeva sa usakI kAmanA baDhatI hI jAtI hai| jainendra ke anusAra hamArI pravRtti sahaja honI caahie| unake anusAra jainiyo kI atiaparigrahatA kA hI pariNAma hai ki Aja adhikAza jainI nirapavAda bhAva se vaizyavargI hai / jaina dhama ke mUta sidvAta aura jainiyo ke vartamAna jIvana me bahuta antara hai aura yaha sthiti svAbhAvika hI he / jainendra ke anusAra yaha prAvazyaka nahI ki jagala me rahane vAlA vyakti 1 jenandrakumAra 'prazna aura prazna', pR0 110 /

Page #110
jainendra ra dharma 105 aparigrahI ho / " usakI tRSNA nahI samApta hotI / vivazatA me vastu kA prabhAva aparigraha nahI hai / jaba kI vastu ke hote hue bhI usame vAsanA nahI hotI tabhI parigraha ke vAstavika rUpa kA pratipAdana hotA hai / aparigraha prabhAvAtmaka nahI, varan sadbhAvAtmaka sthiti hai / " jainendra ke upanyAso prora kahAniyo me unakI parigrahI pravRtti vividha sandarbhoM me draSTavya hai / jainendra ke jIvana me bhI unakI parigrahitA ke darzana hote he / sadaiva kama-se-kama bhe hI ve kArya karane me santuSTa rahate the / unakA jIvana grADambara se dUra nitAnta sAdA hai / unake anusAra tyAga meM ahazUnyatA honI cAhie / sarvasukha kA tyAga karane vAle vyakti meM bhI yadi apane isa karma kA bodha banA rahatA hai prora vaha yaha socatA hai ki mene yaha tyAga kiyA hai, to vaha kabhI bhI apane lakSya kI prApti nahI kara sakatA / 'bAhubalI' me bAhubalI samasta rAjya - sukho ko tyAgakara bhI kaivalya gati nahI prApta kara pAtA, kintu usakA bhAI cakravatI bharata rAjya bhoga karatA huyA bhI sahaja hI mokSa ko prApta kara letA hai / vaha sasAra me rahakara bhI pranAmavata, vinamra aura nirahakArI hotA hai, kintu bAhubalI ko apane tapa aura avijita hone kA bodha banA rahatA hai, jaba vaha apane tyAga kI mahattA ko bhUla jAtA hai| tabhI vaha mukta puruSa bana jAtA he| 'lAla sarovara meM vairAgI atyadhika vinamra he vaha apana mahatva se anabhijJa hai / tyAga, sevA praura parahita kI bhAvanA usame kUTa-kUTa kara bharI huI hai / use dhana kI prAvazyakatA nahI hai, prata usakI ( dhana kI ) prApti use kaSTa detI hai, kyoki dhana samasta pranartho kA mUla hai / parigraha yadi mAnava hita kI bhAvanA se kiyA jAtA hai to yaha svIkArya ho sakatA hai, kintu svArthAn vyakti kI parigrahI pravRtti sagharSa kA kAraNa hai / sAmAnyarUpa se jainendra ne dhana ke prati anAsakti me hI aparigraha ke Adarza kI kalpanA kI hai, kintu bhAvanA kI pavitratA ke sAtha hI sAtha karmaNyatA kI bhI vazyakatA aparihArya hai / jainendra apane jIvana me adhika karmazIla nahI rahe he / jo kArya UparI dabAva ke kAraNa ho jAtA, utanA hI unake lie paryApta hotA hai / panIra se ve adhika saceSTa nahI hai / unake sAhitya meM bhI isI pravRtti 1 jainendrakumAra ' prazna aura prazna', pR0 111 / 2 jainendra ' prazna aura prazna, pR0 111 / 3 'bAhubalI' 'jainendra kI pratinidhi kahAniyA, pR0 178 / 4 'bAhubalI' 'lAla sarovara', pR0 178 / "nekAneka narthoM kA mUla yaha svarNa kahA mujhame yA gayA / he bhagavAn, mujhako aisA kaThora daNDa tumane kyo diyA ?", pR 263 /

Page #111
106 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana ke darzana hote hai / kisI ke Upara Azrita rahakara kisI prakAra jIvanayApana karanA aparigraha nahI, varan vyakti kI asalI manovRtti kA hI paricAyaka hai / jainendra ke mAmA bhagavAnadIna ke jIvana para jaina dharma ke Adarzo kI gaharI chApa dekhane ko milatI hai, jainendra unake prabhAva se mukta nahI hai / 'kAzamIra kI vaha yAtrA' unakI aparigrahI pravRtti kA spaSTa udAharaNa hai| bhagavAnadIna ke Adeza se amaranAtha kI yAtrA me ve apane pAsa kA eka-eka paisA tyAga dete hai| mArga ke kharca ke lie ve Izvara ke Azrita rahate hai| unhone vahA apane jIvana ko sAdhu ke jIvana me DhAlane kA prayAsa kiyA thA / yadyapi sAdhu gRhastha dharma ke bandhano se mukta hokara dUsaro ke sahAre jIvanayApana kara sakatA hai, kintu sAdhu ke jIvana aura gRhastha jIvana me antara hai / dharma samAja-sApekSa hai / asAmAjika hokara dhArmika vyakti ke kartavyo kI koI sArthakatA nahI hai / sasAra me rahakara jIvanayApana ke lie dhana kA sagraha Avazyaka hai, kintu jainendra eka sthala para kahate hai--'kamAI eka cintA kA cakkara hai| socA ki jIvana vaha jIkara dekhanA cAhie, jahA svaya jIvikA prazna na ho aura Astika cintA kA viSaya na ho / vaha jIvana bandhana se hIna hogA aura mukti kA kyA artha hai ?'' kintu jIvana ke sagharSa se ghabaDA kara sasAra se mukti lene vAlA vyakti kabhI bhI mahAna nahI ho sktaa| manuSya kA puruSArtha karmazIla hone me hai / 'anantara' me bhI eka sthala para aise hI vicAro ke darzana hote hai-- 'tuma jaisI koI jo paise se samartha ho aura mai usakI sevA para hokara sarvathA aparigrahI bana jAU 2 unake ina vicAro se yaha spaSTa vyakta hai ki jainendra ne 'anantara' me prasAda ko dhana ke prati Asakta hote hue bhI aparigrahI hone ke hetu prayatnazIla banAyA hai / sambhavata yaha jainendra kI anizcita vicAradhArA kA hI pariNAma hai / prAya unake sidvAnto aura pAtro ke AcaraNa me bhinnatA milatI hai| svaya dhana ke lie prayatnazIla na honA paDe, kyoki parigraha kI pravRtti prayatna me se utpanna hotI hai| kintu dhana kisI-na-kisI srota se bahakara AtA rahe / isa prakAra bhAvanA aura karma dono me doSa utpanna ho jAtA hai / upayukta uddharaNa ko dekhate hue yaha nahI kahA jA sakatA ki vaha jainendra ke vicAro kA pratinidhitva nahI karatA, vaha kisI sAmAnya pAtra dvArA vyakta vicAra hoge, kyoki unake jIvana aura 1 jainendra kumAra 'kAzmIra kI vaha yAtrA', pR0 67 / 2 jainendra kumAra 'anantara', pR0 61 / 3 'sAsa hama anAyAsa lete hai| usake lie prayatna karanA paDatA hai taba use sAsa kA roga kahate hai|' --jainendra kumAra , 'mnthn'|

Page #112
jainendra aura dharma 107 anantara ke prasAda ke jIvana aura vicAro me koI antara nahIM hai| jainendra ke vicAro ke sambandha me eka nizcita dhAraNA nahI nirdhArita kI jA sktii| unake sAhitya kA saiddhAntika pakSa unake gabhIra cintana-manana kA pariNAma pratIta hotA hai, kintu unake sAhitya sRjanAtmaka pakSa ke yatra-tatra unake siddhAto kA anusaraNa nahI ho pAyA hai| jaba ve siddhAta ora racanA me sAmya sthApita karake calate hai tabhI unake vicAro me paripakvatA ke darzana hote hai| aparigraha dharma kA anivArya aga hai / AdikAla se hI RSi-muniyo ke jIvana aura tatkAlIna sAhitya me hame aparigrahI pravRtti ke darzana hote hai, kintu samaya ke sAtha usake prayoga ke Dhaga me antara AnA svAbhAvika thaa| rAjA-mahArAjAo ke yuga me samasta sattA tathA artha kA kendrIyakaraNa rAjA ke niyatraNa me hotA thA, kintu prajAtatra me sattA yA dhana vyakti kI kendrita nahI ho sktaa| gAdhI jI ne isIlie eka navIna mArga kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / jaina tIrthakara kI kaThora aparigrahitA se pRthak gAdhI jI kI aparigrahI nIti TrasTIzipa para AdhArita hai / jainendra ke anusAra isa nIti ke pAlana dvArA aparigrahI kA dharma bhI pUrNa ho jAtA hai aura sAmAjika AvazyakatAo para AghAta nahI pahucatA / unake anusAra jisa prakAra mAnava-zarIra kI sArthakatA samaSTi kI sevA aura kalyANa me nihita hone me hai, usI prakAra vyakti kA dhana samaSTi kI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kA sAdhana honA cAhie / gAdhI jI kA jIvana aparigrahitA kA mahAna udAharaNa hai, phira bhI unhone kabhI milate hue dhana ko asvIkAra nahI kiyA / jahA se bhI dhana milA ve sacita karate rahe, unhone ekaeka paise kA hisAba rakhA / jainendra ke vicAro para gAdhI kI TrasTIzipa kA prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| 'anantara' me jainendra kI dhArmika dRSTi gAdhIjI se pUrNata prabhAvita pratIta hotI hai| unake anusAra dhana kA sagraha pApa nahI hai, yadi vyakti kI usake prati koI vAsanA na ho / dhana kA sagraha sArvajanika hita ke lie honA cAhie / Ajakala jisa prakAra dhArmika sampradAya prAsthAhIna ho gaye hai, usI prakAra bahuta se svArthI vyakti sArvajanika dhana ke svArtha-sAdhana cAhate hai| jainendra ne sArvajanika rAzi ko vyaktigata svArtha se pRthak rakhane kA 1 'gAdhI jI ne saba rAjAo ko samApta karanA cAhA thA / aura vaha cAhate vaise Apa TrasTI bane hI hai / bhItara se anAsakta hai, to prajA kI ora se Apako milA yaha TrasTa prajA kA hita hI karegA aura ApakI AtmA kA bhI ahita nahI karegA' --'anantara', pR0 116 /

Page #113
108 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana prayAsa kiyA hai|' 'anantara' me zAnti dhAma kI sthApanA ke hetu sahAyatA, amIro ke khajAne se prApta hotI hai| jainendra dhArmika sasthAo athavA anya jana hitakArI sasthAo ke hetu prApta hone vAle dhana ke mUla me AsthA ke abhAva athavA avinaya ko nahI svIkAra karate, unake anusAra dabAva athavA garva kI bhAvanA se diyA gayA dhana vArmikatA para AghAta karatA hai| vastuta jainendra ke anusAra aparigraha dhama-nIti kA anivArya aga hai| aparigrahI AcaraNa dvArA hame jIvana ke satya kA bodha ho sakatA hai / sasAra me koI kucha lekara nahI pAtA aura na kucha sAtha lekara jA sakatA hai / vastu yA dhana ke magraha me vyakti kA mai prabala ho uThatA hai / 'yaha merA he', 'yaha terA hai' yahI bhAvanA sagharSa kI preraka banatI hai| jainendra ne vyakti kI prAtyAtmika cetanA ke lie aparigraha ko gAvazyaka mAnA hai / aparigraha dvArA hama binA rakta krAti ke sAmyavAda kI sthApanA kara sakate hai| jenendra ke anusAra sasAra mithyA hai, mAnava-zarIra nazvara hai / prata sacaya kI pravRtti nirarthaka hI siddha hotI hai| apAra dhanarAzi ke hote hue vyakti svaya ko usa samasta rAzi me phaitA nahI makatA / dhana kA garva usake aha ko phulA sakatA hai kintu zarIra to sImita hI rahatA hai| jainendra jIvana ko tatvajJAnI ke sadRzya samajhane kA prayAsa karate hai| unakI dRSTi me parigraha parahita me sannihita hokara hI sArthaka hai, anyathA usakA koI mahatva nahIM hai|' 1 'anantara'--'Apa loga sArvajanika paisA rakhate hai, jisame merA haka nahI pahacatA aura isalie paisA mujhe pAsa lenA paDatA hai|', pR0 141 / / 2 'rupayA jisake pAsa gayA usakA hai / jI nahI, samAja kA hai aura dhana vAle sirpha khajAcI hai ki Aja jo sevaka hai unake hukma para rupayA dete rhe|' --'anantara', pR0 161 / 3 'anantara', pR0 160 / / 4 'padArthoM ko baTora kara unake bIca hamane rukanA cAhA, yahI hamArI bhUla hai| kyA koI kabhI ruka sakA he ?" --jainendra 'pratinidhi kahAniyA', pR0 234 / 5 'jisake pAsa saba kucha hai, vahI usa saba jo kucha ko choDakara do hAtha bhara jagaha hI basa apanA sakA hai| bichI khATa para gRhapati kA astitva kitane sakSepastha meM samApta mAlUma hotA hai| bAkI jo kucha hai so usakA hone ke lie nahIM hai bAkI saba kucha usase parAyA hai| usakI nijatA isame Age nahI hai |---jainendr 'vaha anubhava' (jainendra kI kahAniyA), pR0 127 /

Page #114
jainendra aura dharma 106 parahita ____ jainendra ke anusAra mAnava-dharma parahita kI bhAvanA para AdhArita honA cAhie, usame graha visarjana ke bhAva sannihita hone caahie| jainendra dharma me tapa athavA kAyA-kleza ko mokSa-prApti kA mArga mAnA gayA hai| unakI dhAraNA he ki zarIra ko adhika-se-adhika kaSTa dekara vyakti indriyo ko sayamita kara letA hai, usakI sAsArika viSayo me vAsanA nahI rhtii| jainendra ke anusAra hamArA dhyAna, jo tyAga kiyA hai, usakI ora na kendrita hokara, jise prApta kiyA hai, usa ora kendrita honA cAhie / zarIra vyakti kI sampatti nahI hai, use samaSTi kI sevA me rata honA cAhie / dharma sAmAjika kRtya hai| jainendra ke anusAra jo loga sasAra se virakta hokara dhArmika hone kA prayAsa karate hai, vaha unakA Dhoga hai| ____ jainendra ke anusAra kAyA-kleza ke dvArA hama apanI AtmA ke rasa ko sukhA dete hai| bUda kA astitva samudra kI apekSA me hI sambhava hai| samudra se pRthak hokara usakA astitva sthira rahI raha sakatA / jainendra ke anusAra jaina dharma me 'tapa' hI kaivalya prApti kA mArga hai| mahAvIra svAmI ne tapa dvArA kaivalya gati prApta kI thI, kintu ve tapasyA ke bAda svaya ke na rahakara, samaSTi mAnava bana gaye the| ve eka mahAna vibhUti the / ve apavAda hai / sAmAnyata kAyika tapazcaryA aha ke poSaNa meM sahAyaka hotI hai / 'bAhubalI' me bAhubalI apane tapazcaryA-kAla me sasAra se virakta hokara jina vana me kAyA ko kleza de rahe the| kintu vyakti kI mahAnatA usake sasAra ke prati sugama hone me hai, sasAra usase lAbhAnvita ho sake yahI usakA dharma hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainendra ne 'bAhubalI' ko mAnava dharmI banAne ke hetu use tapasyA se vimukha kara janahita kI ora kendrita kiyA hai| tapasyA se mukta hokara ve mAnava ho jAte hai| 1 jainendrakumAra 'itastata' dillI 1662, pR0 166 / 'kAyA kleza kI ugratA ko jaba tapasyA aura sAdhana mAnA jAtA hai to usake nIce dhAraNA yahI hai ki vyakti svaya apanA hai, vaha apane ko sukhA sakatA, galA sakatA hai, mAra sakatA hai, vaha svaya me apane ko mukta kara sakatA hai| zeSa anya para hai, vaha svaya svaya hai| yaha ekAntika dhAraNA vyakti ko apane sadarbha se toDa detI hai|' 'maiM saba ke prati sadA suprApta hone kI sthiti meM aba rahUMgA." bAhubalI ne nirmala kaivalya pAyA thaa| granthiyA saba khala gaI thii| aba unhe kisa ora se bada rahane kI AvazyakatA thI? ve cahu ora khule saba ke prati sugama rahane lage the|' --'bAhubalI', pR0 176 /

Page #115
110 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana vastuta jainendra ke anusAra dharma kA vAstavika rUpa 'sva' ke visarjana me hI nihita hai| AdikAla se hI jitanI bhI mahAna AtmAe huI, unakA jIvana parahita ke lie hI samarpita rahA hai| jIvana me dharma kI AvazyakatA jainendra ke anusAra dharma jIvana kA anivArya aga hai| mAnava jIvana ke cAra puruSArtha hai| dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa / mokSa jIvana kA lakSya hai| artha aura kAma jIvana ke do taTa hai, ina dono taTo ke madhya dharma rUpI saritA kA pravAha hI jIvana ko saphala banA sakatA hai| mAnava jIvana ke samasta karmoM kI sArthakatA usake dharmamaya hone me hai| kintu vartamAna paristhitiyo me mAnava jIvana dharma se kaTatA jA rahA hai| dhana aura usakA bhoga hI usake jIvana kA lakSya bana gayA hai| dhana ke ThekedAra loga bar3I se baDI iNDasTrI kA nirmANa karate hai, paisA unake pAsa khicatA AtA hai| unakA zarIra phUlatA jAtA hai, kintu AtmA sUkhatI jA rahI hai| mazIna ke yuga me ve mazIna ke sadRzya hI nirjIva hote jA rahe hai| Aja kA sAhityakAra bhI jIvana ke yathAtathya citraNa meM hI rata hai, usI me use Ananda milatA hai, kintu sAhitya kA uddezya korA yathArthonmukha hone me nahI ho sakatA / jainendra ne apane upanyAsa aura kahAniyo me adhikAzata aise logo kA citraNa kiyA hai, jinake lie artha aura kAma pramukha hai, dharma kA unhe koI jJAna nahIM hai, aura na hI usake prati uname koI jijJAsA _vivarta', 'kalyANI', 'anantara', 'muktibodha' Adi upanyAso me unhone arthalipsu vyaktiyo kA citraNa kiyA hai / pAzcAtya sabhyatA ke rage hue unake pAtra bhAratIya dharma kI AtmA se mukta hai| 'anantara' me jayA ati maulikatA se ghabaDAkara hI 'zAti dhAma' kI sthApanA karatI hai| usake anusAra jIvana bhogAbhimukha hotA jA rahA hai-usane sakalpa bAdhA hai ki isa girAva ko 1 'parahita sarisa dharma nahI bhAI, para pIDA sama nahi aba bhaaii|' -tulasIdAsa 'rAmacaritamAnasa' / 2 jainendra 'prazna aura prazna', dillI, 1666, pR0 265 / jainendrakumAra 'anantara',--'ye dhAma dhAma (zAti dhAma) mai nahI samajhatA / jisame rahatA hU~ vahI samajhatA huu| rupayA samajhatA huu| yaha bhI samajhatA hU, ki saba mujhe usI ke lie samajhate hai / mujhe aura kucha se matalaba nahI hai|'

Page #116
jainendra aura dharma 111 rokanA hogA, jIvana ko usakI sahI dhurI para phira se niSTha aura pratiSTha karanA hogA / vaijJAnika suvidhAo ke AdhAra para vizva - cintana' kA bhAra apane Upara dhAraNa kie hue Upara se majila khaDI hotI jA rahI hai kintu andara se usakA jIvana nIva rahita hotA jA rahA hai / jainendra ke anusAra 'dharma Avazyaka hai, usI taraha jaise makAna ke lie nIva Avazyaka hotI hai / karma kI saphalatA ke lie dharma kI sthiratA jarUrI hai / ' vicAro ke mUla me dharma kA nivAsa anivArya hai / jainendra kI AdhyAtmika cetanA sva-kalyANa me hI kendrita na hokara vizva - kalyANa kI sthApanA ke lie prayatnazIla hai / unake anusAra 'dharma se nirapekSa hokara jagata jo dhaDAdhaDa unnati karatA jA rahA hai, usase sakaTa TalatA nahI dIkhatA, balki kucha bar3ha hI rahA hai / " dharma kI isIlie jarUrata hai ki vaha unnati kI bAgaDora apane hAtha me le / " jainendra ne Adhunika yuga me jIvana ko dharmamaya banAne ke lie vijJAna ke dharma sammata rUpa ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai / vijJAna kA satya sarvatra apavAda rahita hai, usame sagharSa kI sthiti hone kI sambhAvanA kama rahatI hai / 'anantara me unhone dharma vijJAna sammata svarUpa ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai| dharma kA vijJAna sammata rUpa vyakti ko karmazIla banAne me sahAyaka hotA aura usake dharmamaya hone ke kAraNa AdhyAtmikatA kA bhI poSaraNa hotA jAtA hai / jainendra ke anusAra saccA dharma vahI hai jisame antazcetanA aura Antarika prahlAda baDhatA huA mAlUma ho / jisame citta sikuDatA, simaTatA ho vahI 1. jainendrakumAra 'anantara', pR0 56 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'anantara', pR0 41 -- -' idhara adhyAtma kA sthAna kramaza vizva aura jIvana cintana kramaza letA jA rahA hai / 3 (ka) jainendra kumAra ' itastata', pR0 168 / (kha) 'vijJAna mAna letA hai ki jo hai hai / usase jhagaDatA nahI usake mArga me utaratA hai / aise tathya ko lekara taha me jAtA hai aura usI me sataha se dUra haTatA haTatA satya ke nikaTa pahuca jAtA hai / aise, mAno kArya ke bhItara kAraNa ko pakar3a letA hai / isase ghaTanA kI hAni nahI hotI, jJAna kI vRddhi hotI hai / lagatA hai ki karmamaya jagata me uparAma pAkara yadi isI taraha manomaya jagata meM utarA jAye to hAni nahI hogI, varan karmaNyatA ke hita me kucha lAbha hI hogA / ' -- ' anantara', pR0 16 /

Page #117
112 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana adharma hai| dharma kA bhAva AtmA ke poSaNa me hI phalita hotA hai| vastuta jIvana me jina kAryoM se prAtmatuSTi aura Ananda kI vRddhi hotI he vahI dharma hai| AtmAnanda kI prApti ke lie 'sva' kA visarjana anivArya hai| 'sva' svArtha se yukta hokara 'para' kA niSedhaka athavA zoSaka bana jAtA hai| dharma AtmA ke vistAra me hai| 'sva' jitanA adhika 'para' kI ora unmukha hotA hai utanI hI usame tyAga aura samarpaNa kI bhAvanA jAgrata hotI hai / citta ke sikuDane arthAt svakendrita hone se svArthI vRtti hI vikasita hotI hai / 'svArtha' dharma kA zatru hai| varma kA mUla parahita me samAhita honA caahie| jainendra kI dRSTi me mokSa mAnava jIvana me dharma kA uddezya mokSa kI prApti karanA hai| bhAratIya darzana me dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa ke catuSTaya dvArA jIvana kI pUrNatA kI ora igita kiyA hai| varma jIvana kA AdhAra hai, nIva hai, jisa para jIvana rUpI majila AdhArita hai / mAnava jIvana satata yAtrA hai| mokSa kI prApti hI majila hai| bhAratIya dArzanika ne mokSa prApti para atyadhika bala diyA hai / mokSa jIvana kI antima pahuca hai, jahA pahuca kara jIvana ke sAre karma badhana TUTa jAte hai aura vaha karmazUnya arthAt nispRha ho jAtA hai| advaitavAdI zakara kI mukti kA svarUpa eka hI mahAvAkya me samAhita hai| 'aham brahmAsmi, jIva basava vApara' jainadharmI kaivalya kI prApti ko hI jIvana kA lakSya mAnate hai| jaina dharma me jIva aura pudgala ke sayoga ko hI bandhana mAnA gayA hai| ata jIva kA pudgala se viyoga hI mokSa mAnA gayA hai| pudgala se viyoga tabhI ho sakatA hai, jaba naye pudgala kA Azraya bada ho aura jo jIva me pahale se hI praviSTa hai vaha jIrNa ho jAya / pahale ko savara aura dUsare ko nirjarA kahate hai| vinobA bhAve ne apanI pustaka 'vicAra pothI' me mokSa ke sambandha me kahA hai--'Atmadarzana mokSa kA AsvAda lenA hai| paramAtma darzana mokSa kA peTa bhara bhojana karanA hai / pahalI bAta kA anubhava isI deha me ho sakatA hai, dUsarI kA dehAta ke anntr|' uparokta vibhinna dArzaniko ke sadRzya jainendra ne bhI brahma jIva prAdi tAtvika viSayo kA vivecana karane ke sAtha 'mokSa' athavA mukti para bhI apane vicAra vyakta kie hai| kintu jainendra ke tAtvika vicAra korI dArzanikatA se poSaka na hokara vyavahAra sammata hai| unhone jIvana kI yathArthatA se vimukha hokara kinhI 1 jainendrakumAra 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAnta', pR0 131 /

Page #118
jainendra aura dharma 113 siddhAto kI pratiSThA nahI kI hai| paramparA ke sasparza me rahate hue bhI ve paramparAgata vicAro se badhe hue nahI hai| unakI mokSa sambandhI dhAraNA nitAnta maulika hai| jainendra mokSa ko majila na mAnakara saphara mAnate hai / saphara kA Ananda tabhI taka hai jaba taka ki majila kA jJAna nahI / majila ko socakara calane me yAtrA majila ke lie hotI hai / jainendra ne 'samaya aura hama', 'prazna aura prazna' me inhI vicAro kI puSTi kI hai| unakA vicAra hai ki 'saphara jisakA kAma hai vaha musAphira majila ko mAne nahI baiThegA / mujhe to yaha lagatA hai ki jo majila ko jAna gayA, vaha kabhI bhI majila taka pahucA nahI / jainendra ke anusAra mokSa kI prApti sasAra ke tyAga me nahI, varan usake saharSa svIkAra me hI hai / jaina darzana me isa sUtra 'samyagdarzana caritrANi' (mokSa mArga) me hI mokSa kA Adarza svIkAra kiyA hai| yadyapi jainendra ne upaniSad, bhAgavat prAdi kA dArzanika dRSTi se adhyayana nahI kiyA hai tathApi upaniSadIya vicAro kI jhalaka unake sAhitya me spaSTata milatI hai| jainendra ke anusAra'jJAna, karma prora bhakti sAdhanA ke ye tIna varga samajhe jAte hai| tIna ye tIna rahate hoge taba mukti kaise milatI hogI, mai nahI jAnatA / 2 jIvana prAnanda ikAI hI jJAna, karma aura bhakti kI samagratA me hI jIvana kA lakSya pUrNa hotA hai| tIno me se kisI eka ke vikAsa dvArA jIvana ke khaNDa kA hI vikAsa hotA hai / samaSTi kA nahI / vyakti kI parAkASThA para aha kA vigalana ho jAtA hai| 'mai' kI jIvana-yAtrA kI sArthakatA 'para' kI svIkRti me hI sampanna hotI hai| jainendra ke jIvana-dArzanikatA kA mUla tatva 'aha' kA samaSTi me kho jAnA hai| aura yahI tatva unake samasta vicAro kA AdhAra bidu hai| vastuta jainendra ke anusAra 'mokSa' kA artha sasAra se mukti nahI varan 'aha' se mukti pAnA hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me mokSa me karma se mukti nahI varan karma ke lie preraNA hotI hai / jainendra ne apane navInatama sagraha 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAnta' me bhI spaSTata svIkAra kiyA hai ki 'mukti' asala me aha se mukti hai| aha kA nAza nahI ho sktaa| asmitva ke nimitta se to astitva kA bodha hotA hai| isalie jainendra ke anusAra 'mukti' astitva kA vaha visadIkaraNa hai, jahA usake astitva se bhinna athavA viruddha rahane kI AvazyakatA samApta ho jAtI hai| graha apane cAro ora phaile ina sambandha sUtro me pUrI taraha khulakara 1 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 206 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'prazna aura prazna', pR0 48 /

Page #119
114 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana baha jAne de to aise vaha mukti kI ora baDhatA hai / apanI ora lene aura simaTane me bandhana kA bodha hotA hai / 1 / ___ jainendra ke anusAra mokSa ke mArga me mukti mUlaka rukAvaTa nahI he / vaha eka ThaharAva mAtra hai| mRtyu aura janma se krama me mokSa ke lie yAtrA calatI rahatI he / kyoki mokSa ke Age kucha nahI hai dvAra banda he| jainendra mokSa kI majila taka pahucane ke lie paga-paga calakara jAnA Avazyaka samajhate hai| havA meM uDa kara nahI anyathA puruSArtha kA koI mahatva nahI raha jAyagA / 2 jainendra mokSa kI prApti ke lie cAro puruSArtha-dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa ko Avazyaka mAnate hai| usake anusAra dharmamaya dRSTi dvArA artha aura kAma ke mArga dvArA calakara hI mokSa kI majila prApta ho sakatI hai| jainendra jIvana-sagharSa se bacakara milane vAle mokSa ko acchA nahI mAnate / jainiyo kI mokSa sambandhI dhAraNA bhI jainendra ko amAnya hai / jainiyo ke anusAra AtmA aura zarIra dono bhinna hai, zarIra jaDa tatvo se banA hai, kintu AtmA cetana hai| AtmA 'sva' kI sUcaka hai aura zarIra 'para' kA sUcaka hai| jaina darzana me zarIra se athavA 'para' se chUTanA hI AtmA kI mukti hai| isa prakAra jaina tatvavAda me Atma aura 'zarIra' me 'sva' 'para' kA dvaita bhAva samAhita hai| isalie uname viccheda kI sAdhanA kA upadeza dIkhatA hai| mukti kA citra vahA sarvathA videhatA kA hai aura zuddha AtmA svarUpatA ke kaivalya, siddha rUpa me citrita kiyA gayA hai| jaina darzana me mukti vyaktitva ke kATa chATa ke mArga me hI phalita hotI hai| usame jIvana kI samagratA aura satyatA kA niSedha milatA hai| karma se mukti aura zarIra ko tapa dvArA kRSita aura vikAra rahita karane para hI mukti sabhava ho sakatI hai, kintu jainendra jainI hote hue bhI jaina darzana kI ekAgI mukti ko svIkAra karane meM asamartha hai| unhone jIvana ko samagratA me svIkAra kiyA hai| jaina darzana kI ekAgI dRSTi ko ve svIkAra karane me asamartha hai / jainendra ne apanI katipaya kahAniyo me bhI isa tathya para prakAza DAlate hue satyatA kI pratiSThA kI hai| 'bAhubalI' me bAhubalI apane zarIra ko tapa dvArA asmi mAtra kara lene para bhI kaivalya nahI prApta kara pAtA jaba ki usakA bhAI rAjya bhoga karate hue bhI kaivalya kI prApti kara letA hai / kAraNa, bAhubalI ke hRdaya se tapa dvArA apane 'avijita' hone kA abhimAna nahI dUra 1 jainendrakumAra 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAnta', pR0 66 / 2 jainendra kumAra 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAnta', pR0 206 / 3 jainendra 'pratinidhi kahAniyA', sapA0 zivanandanaprasAda, pR0 176 /

Page #120
jainendra aura dharma 115 ho pAtA hai / jaise hI use apane abhimAna kA bodha hotA hai, usake lie mokSa kA mArga kaThina nahI raha jAtA hai / vastuta jainendra ke jIvana, dharma aura darzana saba kA sAra he 'graha se mukti / ' graha se mukti prApta hone para hI mokSa kI prApti sambhava ho sakatI hai / yahI jainendra kI dhArmika dRSTi kA sAra tatva hai /

Page #121
pariccheda-4 jainendra kI dRSTi meM bhAgya, karma-paramparA evaM mRtyu bhAgyavAdI jainendra jainendra parama Astika, vicAraka aura lekhaka hai| unakI aTUTa IzvarIya AsthA kI gaharI chApa hame unake sAhitya me dRSTigata hotI hai| manuSya rUpI sUkSma yantra kA nirmAtA Izvara hai / ataeva Izvara hI apanI svecchA se yatra kI gati ko paricAlita karatA hai| jainendra ke anusAra jIvana ke sambandha me vyakti kA samasta mantavya samudra ke taTa para kauDiyo se khelane vAle bAlako ke nirNaya kI bhAti hai| phira bhI bAlako ko (manuSya kA) mastaka mila gayA hai aura hRdaya bhI mila gayA hai / ve dono niSkriya hokara to rahate nhii| isI se jo jAnane ke lie nahIM hai, use jAnane kI ceSTA calI hai|' vastuta jainendra kI dRSTi me manuSya nirjIva, jaDa, yatra nahI hai| usame viveka, buddhi tathA puruSArtha hai| ataeva vidhAtA vyakti kI gati kA avarodhaka nahI hai, varan sahayogI hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me kahAnI aura upanyAsa ke pAtro kI aDiga IzvarAsthA ko dekhate hue aisA AbhAsa hotA hai ki unakI dRSTi me kartA-dhartA ekamAtra parabrahma Izvara hI hai| Izvara kI ananta zakti ke samakSa manuSya bahuta hI tuccha hai / ataeva jainendra ke pAtra atyadhika bhAgyavAdI ho gae hai| unake jIvana kA utAra-caDhAva bhAgya kI paridhi me hI sambhava ho sakA hai| 1 jainendrakumAra 'sukhadA', pra0 sa0, 1652, dillI, pR0 sa0 18 /

Page #122
jainendra kI dRSTi meM bhAgya, karma-paramparA evaM mRtyu pAzcAtya niyativAdI aura aniyativAdI vicAra jainendra kI bhAgyavAdI dRSTi me tathA pAzcAtya niyativAdI dArzaniko me kicit vaibhinya dRSTigata hotA hai / pAzcAtya darzana ke kSetra me do pRthak vicAradhArAe dRSTigata hotI hai--(1) niyativAdI aura (2) aniyativAdI / niyativAdI vicArako ke anusAra yadi vyakti ke jIvana ke bhUta aura vartamAna ko bhalI prakAra jAna liyA jAya to usake bhaviSya ke sambandha me nirNaya diyA jA sakatA hai / niyativAdiyo ke anusAra manuSya kI sakalpa-zakti svatantra nahIM hai, pUrva nirdhArita hai| unakA kahanA hai ki nirNIta karma me sakalpa-zakti preraNA ke sAtha samIkaraNa karatI hai aura preraNA kA svarUpa vyakti ke caritra para nirbhara hai / ataeva vyakti ke caritra kA paryApta jJAna prApta kara lene para usake AcaraNa ke bAre meM bhaviSyavANI kI jA sakatI hai| niyativAdI vicAraka vyakti ke AcaraNa aura prakRti kI ghaTanAo ko eka hI niyama se sacAlita hote hue dekhate hai| niyativAdI dArzanika apane siddhAnto kI dhuna me yaha bhUla jAte hai ki vyakti prAtma-prabuddha prANI hai / usame aneko sambhAvanAe hai aura vaha una sambhAvanApro ko pUrNa karane ke lie svatantra hai| uparokta satya ko sammukha rakhate hue kAnTa ne yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki sakalpa-zakti kI svatantratA naitikatA kI Avazyaka mAnyatA hai / niyativAdiyo ke anusAra pAzcAtya aura dRDha sakalpa kA mAnava jIvana me koI sthAna nahI hai| ___ jainendra ke vicAro aura niyativAdI dArzaniko me mUla antara yaha hai ki jainendra ke pAtro kI sambhAvanAe niyati ke kAraNa vinaSTa nahIM hotii| jainendra ke sAhitya kI sarvapramukha vizeSatA yahI hai ki ve pAtro ko bhAgya ke sahAre choDa dete hai aura apanI aura bhaviSya ke sambandha me vyakti ke caritra ke sambandha me koI bhaviSyavANI nahIM krte| niyativAdI bhaviSya kI ghoSaNA nizcita rUpa se kara dete hai, kintu jainendra ke anusAra bhAvI ajJeya hai, vyakti kI pahuca se pare hai / ataeva usa sambandha me kucha bhI kahanA vyakti kI kSamatA kA ullaghana karate hue kevala ahatA ko puSTa karanA hai / jainendra ke anusAra brahma sarvavyApta hai aura vahI bhUta, vartamAna, aura bhaviSya kA jJAtA hai / vyakti apanI sImita zakti ke kAraNa vartamAna kI yathArthatA me hI jIvana vyatIta karatA hai aura bhaviSya kI sambhAvanA me AdarzoM kI pUrti ke svapna dekhatA hai| isa prakAra jainendra ke pAtra atizaya bhAgyavAdI hote hue bhI apane jIvana kI sambhAvanAo kA hanana nahI 1 zAti jozI ke 'nItizAstra' me vyakta vicAro para AdhArita, prathama sakSipta saskaraNa, dillI, 1963, pR0 sa0 82-85 /

Page #123
118 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana karate / vyakti vidhi kA dAsa hote hue bhI kama ke hetu svatantra hai / jainendra atizaya bhAgyavAdI jainendra ke sAhitya me paga-paga para bhAgya athavA vidhAtA kI pukAra ko sunakara aisA pratIta hotA he ki jainendra ke pAtro ke hRdaya me bhAgya kA bhUta savAra hai aura yaha zakA bhI utpanna hotI hai ki atizaya bhAgyavAditA kahI pAtro ke jIvana ko niSkriya to nahI banA detI ? unakI kucha kahAniyo me bArabAra becAre vidhAtA kI yAda karanI par3atI hai| 'rAjIva aura bhAbhI' me 3-4 bAra vidhi ke samakSa vyakti kI vivazatA kA ullekha kiyA gayA he / ' sAmAnyata hama nitya-prati ke jIvana me bhAgya kA sahArA lekara mana ko sAntvanA dete hai, yaha satya hai, kintu bahuta hI choTI-choTI bAto para pratipala vidhAtA ko bIca me lAnA bhI ucita nahI pratIta hotA / vastuta jainendra ke sAhitya me kisI viziSTa paristhiti me hI bhAgya-vidhAtA kA smaraNa nahI kiyA gayA hai, varana atyanta sAmAnya sthitiyo me bhI vidhAtA kA sahArA lekara vyakti kI vivazatA ko vaNita kiyA gayA hai| ---'kalyANI' me kalyANI kisI ke ghara jAne meM bhI apanI icchA-zakti para vizvAsa nahI karatI aura kahatI hai---'acchA / bhAgya hogA to kyo na AUgI / 2 bhAgyavAditA prAsthAmUlaka jainendra kI bhAgyavAdI pravRti isa tathya kI ora saketa karatI hai ki ve 1 (a) 'bhAgya hI to hai| jaba vaha khule to usa koSa me se kyA-kyA nahI niklegaa|' pR0 sa0 26 / (A) 'vahI se bhAgya deva bhI palaTa kara barasa par3ane lage'--10 sa0 26 / (i) 'kintu jaba sira para durdaiva hI khela jAe to vidhAtA ke mana kA . hAla bhalA kauna jAna sakatA hai|'---10 sa0 31 / (I) 'jaba rAjIva ne moTara kI bAta mana me pakkI kara lI taba saba prapaco ke racayitA bAbA viraci Upara baiThe-baiThe muskarAe hoge| kahate hoge-dekho laDake kI bAta--are,--hama phira kucha Thahare hI nahI / jo ye duniyA ke chokare hame bina bUjhe hI saba karane lagege to ho liyA kAma / ' --jainendrakumAra jainendra kI kahAniyA', pR0 sa0 31 / jainendra kumAra 'kalyANI', pR0 sa0 76 / 2

Page #124
jainendra kI dRSTi me bhAgya, karma-paramparA eva mRtyu 116 Izvara ko hI sarvopari mAnate hai / yadi IzvarecchA na ho to vyakti kucha bhI nahI kara sakatA / IzvarIya-AsthA me vyakti ke aha kA vigalana ho jAtA hai| aha kA zUnya bhAva brahma ko hI sarvopari pramANita karatA hai / vyakti kevala kartA hai, kintu karma kA phala bhAgyAdhArita hai| aisI sthiti me vyakti karma karatA huA bhI nirAza nahIM hotA, kyoki vaha vartamAna taka hI parimita hai, bhaviSya me usakI pahuca nahIM hai| jainendra ke anusAra bhAgya kA lekhA arthAt vidhAtA kA niyama sasAra me vyavasthA utpanna karane kA prasAdhana hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me bhAgya kA niyama atarya nahIM hai|' Izvara bhI manamAnI pakSapAta nahIM karatA / vyakti apane hI karmo kA phala bhogatA hai / bhAgya vyakti ke sacita karmo kA hI abhivyakta rUpa hai / pUrvajanma ke sambandha me koI nahI jAnatA, kintu vartamAna jIvana me vyaktivyakti ke madhya dRSTigata hone vAle vaiSamya ko dekhakara, yahI kalpanA kI jAtI hai ki vyakti ke karma-phala ke kAraNa hI paraspara garIbI-amIrI, sukhI-dukhI hone kA vaibhinnya dikhAI detA hai, kintu bhAgya vyakti ke hI pUrvajanmo ke karmo se banatA hai, isalie yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki bhAgya korI bhAvanA kA pratIka hai, adhavizvArA hai, varan bhAgya kA pariNAma tArkika rUpa se svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| jainendra bhAgya ko karmo ke AdhAra para to svIkAra karate hai, kintu use pUrvajanma ke sacita karmoM kA pariNAma nahI mAnate / bhAgya se vidroha nahIM ___ jainendra ke jIvana aura sAhitya kA pramukha Adarza IzvaronmukhatA hai| unakI dRSTi me bhAgya para Azrita rahane vAlA vyakti karma kI upekSA nahI karatA / karma usakA iSTa hai, kintu phala kI prApti na hone para vaha bhagavAna ko doSa nahIM detA, varan dukha me bhI AtmAnanda kI prApti karatA hai| jainendra kI adhikAza racanAyo ke pAtra bhAgya ke kucakra para uttejita aura Rddha nahIM hote aura na hI bhAgya se laDanA zreyaSkara samajhate hai / 'tyAgapatra' me pramoda (jaja) apanI buA kI sthiti para bahuta dukhI hotA hai, kintu buaA ko usa rAha se moDa nahI paataa| vaha jAnatA hai ki jo kucha bhagavAna karatA hai, soca-samajhakara hI karatA hai| IzvarecchA kA niSedha karake vyakti AtmA ke santopa se bhI hAtha dho baiThatA hai| isIlie 1. bhAgya kA tarka yadi kaThora hai to aisA akAraNa nahI hai 'yahA jo jaisA karatA hai vaisA hI bharatA hai|' --jainendra kI kahAniyA (vaha rAnI), dillI, 1964, pra0sa0, pR0sa0 47 /

Page #125
120 jainendra kA jIvana-dazana vaha (pramoda) kahatA hai ki 'jo huA ThIka huA, ThIka isalie ki use aba kisI bhI upAya se badalA nahI jA sktaa|' jainendra bhAgya aura du kha ke mavya vyakti kI parasparatA ke hetu bahuta satarka rahe hai| unake anusAra vyakti sneha ke AdAnapradAna ke dvArA atizaya pIDA ko jhelatA hA bhI svarga kA adhikArI hotA hai| vastuta bhAgya me jo honA hai, use to TAlA nahI jA sakatA ki pArasparika prema me manuSya kA vaza hai ataeva vaha nahI samApta honA caahie|' ____ vivarta' me bhI bhuvana mohinI rela-durghaTanA ke lie jitena ko doSI nahI tthhraatii| usakA vizvAsa he ki 'hotA honahAra hai aura saba kAla karAtA hai / 'vastuta usakI dRSTi me gADI palaTane aura isake bahAne kucha logo kI mauta hone kI ghaTanA pUrva nizcita thI, ataeva usake lie kisI vyakti ko doSI nahI ThaharAyA jA sakatA / punazca mohinI jitena ko samajhAtI huI kahatI hai-- 'jo huA, ho gyaa| honahAra kaba TalA hai / 'sukhadA' me sukhadA bhI apane pati ko kisI kArya ke lie doSa nahI detI aura kahatI hai--'unhone kucha nahIM kiyaa| saba bhAgya ke prAdhIna huA hai| vastuta jainendra ke sAhitya me vyakti kA samasta soca-vicAra vyartha siddha hotA hai| yadyapi jainendra ke pAtra satat karmazIla hai tathApi ve bhAgya se laDane me akSama hai, kyoki 'soca vicAra kucha kAma nahI paataa| dimAga socatA rahatA hai, honahAra hotA rahatA hai / socA jAtA hai vaha hotA hI nahI / 5 ___AsthAhIna vyakti karma karate hue yaha anubhava karatA hai ki kartA mai hI hu, zreya mujhe hai / jainendra ke anusAra 'graha' tathA puruSArtha kI duhAI dene vAle vyakti ke jIvana kI lacaka samApta ho jAtI hai / aise vyakti apanI AkAkSA ke pUrNa na hone para tathA prayatna me phala kI jhalaka na dekhakara nirAza hokara TUTa jAtA hai, usame puna kama se kama yukta hone kA utsAha nahI raha jaataa| aise vyakti kA jIvana usa sUkhe vRkSa kI bhAti hotA hai jo apanI kaThoratA ke kAraNa tanakara khaDA rahatA hai, kintu tUphAna kA eka jhokA use do TUka kara detA hai, kintu jhUmatA huA lacakadAra peDa TUTatA nahI, varan jhuka jAtA hai / yahI kAraNa hai 1 sneha-kyA vaha svaya me itanA pavitra nahI hai ki svarga ke dvAra usake lie khula jaae|--jainendrkumaar 'tyAgapatra', pR0 sa0 46 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'vivarta', pra0 sa0, 1653, dillI, pR0 sa0 26 / 3 jainendra kumAra 'vivarta, pR0 sa0 30 / / 4 jainendra kumAra 'sukhadA', pra0sa0, dillI, 1652, pR0 sa0 204, 177 / 5 jainendra kumAra 'vivarta', pR0 sa0 62 /

Page #126
jainendra kI dRSTi meM bhAgya, karma-paramparA evaM mRtyu ki jainendra ke pAtra viSama se viSama paristhitiyo me nirAza hokara TUTate nahI, varan sneha aura prema kI dhArA uname jIvana-zakti kA pravAha karane meM sakSama hotI hai| niSkAma-karma bhAva jainendra ke vicAro para gItA kI niSkAma karma-bhAvanA kA pUrNa prabhAva lakSita hotA hai / 'gItA' me arjuna ko karma-zIlatA kA upadeza dete hue kRSNa ne kahA hai ki 'jo puruSa saba karmoM ko paramAtmA me arpaNa karake (aura) Asakti ko tyAga kara karma karatA hai vaha puruSa jala se kamala ke patte ke sadRzya pApa se lipAyamAna nahI hotA / vyakti samasta indriyo se karma-rata hote hue bhI yaha mAne ki 'mai kucha nahI karatA hai| jainendra ke anusAra kartRtva bhAva se hIna rahane vAlA vyakti apane samasta karmo ko IzvarecchA se sacAlita hotA huA svIkAra karatA hai| usake anusAra vidhAtA hI sarvopari hai| unhone bAra-bAra apanI racanAo me isa satya kI ora saketa kiyA hai ki 'mai nahI hU, kyoki zUnya haimai kucha nahI hU yaha anubhUti hI merA saba kucha hai| jainendra ke anusAra isa prakAra kI nispRha bhAvanA vyakti ko karma se vimukha nahI karatI, varan use kartRtva ke ahakAra se mukta karatI hai / vastuta jainendra kI dRSTi me bhAgya kA nirNaya vyakti kI pragati me bAdhaka nahIM hotaa| puruSArtha jainendra ke sAhitya me abhivyakta bhAgyavAditA koI naI ghaTanA nahI pratIta hotI hai, kyoki bhAratIya, yUnAnI, islAma Adi sabhI dharmo tathA darzano me vyakti kI bhAgyavAditA kA paricaya milatA hai| bhAratIya darzana me bhI bhAgya 1 zrI madbhagavadgItA-brahmaNyAdhAya karmANi saGga tyaktyA karoti ya / lipyate na sa pApena padmapatrAmivAmbhasA // 10 // zrI madbhagavadgItA--adhyAya 5, zloka 10, gItApresa, gorakhapura / zrI madbhagavadgItA--anya zloka 12 adhyAya 6 / 27, 28 / 10 / 6, 6 / 12 2 zrI madbhagavadgItA-naiva kicitkaromIti yukto manyeta tattvavit / pazyanvizRNvanspRzajighrannaznangacchansvapajhvasan // pralapat visRjan gRhNannunmiSannimiSannapi / indriyANIndriyArtheSu vartanta iti dhArayan // 6 // adhyAya-5,zloka 8,6 3 jainendrakumAra . 'janendra kI kahAniyA' (upalabdhi tIsarA bhAga), pR0 sa0 126 / 4 hIrendranAtha datta 'karmavAda aura janmAntara', sa0 1986, ilAhAbAda, pR0 sa0 105 /

Page #127
123 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana ko pradhAna mAnA hai / yathA -- 'bhAgya' phalati sarvatra na vidhA na ca poruSam / ' kintu dUsarI ora pauruSavAdiyoM kA bhI prabhAva nahI hai, jo ki puruSArtha ke samakSa bhAgya ko nirarthaka mAnate hai / unake anusAra 'udyogI prayatnazIla manuSya ko hI sobhAgya lakSmI varaNa karatI hai / bhAgya kI duhAI to kAyara loga diyA karate hai / " uparokta bhAgyavAdI aura puruSArthavAdI vicArako kA mantavya eka pakSIya hai | atizaya bhAgyavAditA ke dvArA vyakti kI akarmaNyatA kA bodha hotA hai tathA puruSArtha se tAtparya yadi karmazIlatA se hai to pratyeka karmazIla vyakti ko samAna rUpa se parizrama karate hue bhI samAna upalabdhi kyo nahI hotI ? koI thoDe se zrama se Upara uThatA jAtA hai aura koI athaka parizrama karake bhI nirAza rahatA hai, vastuta isa vaibhinya ke mUla me pratyeka vyakti kA apanA-apanA bhAgya hI dRSTigata hotA hai / vedAnta ratna zrIyuta hIrendranAtha ne apanI pustaka me 'yAjJavatkya smRti' ke dvArA isa samasyA kA samAdhAna prastuta kiyA hai / unake anusAra 'jisa prakAra eka pahiyA lagA rahane se ratha nahI calatA, isI prakAra deva kI sahAyatA ke binA pauruSa kAma nahI detA / unakI dRSTi me nAva me pAla lagA dene se hI kAma nahI bana jAtA, usake anukUla havA kI bhI jarUrata hotI hai / kheta me bIja bo dene se hI kamala nahI khaDI ho jAtI, barasAta ke pAnI se usa bIja kI sacAI bhI honI cAhie / ataeva deva aura pauruSa dono kI prAvazyakatA hai / bhAgyavAdI kA pauruSa ko ekadama uDA denA ThIka nahI hai, pauruSavAdI kA daiva ko ekadama svIkAra kara denA bhI ThIka nahI hai / isa dRSTi se deva kA artha kismata yA bhAgya nahI hai, deva to pichale janma ke kie hue sukRta yA duSkRta se banA huA hai / " 1 hIrendranAthadatta 'karmavAda aura janmAntara', pR0 sa0 106 / udyogina puruSasahamupeti lakSmI daivena deyamiti kA puruSA vadanti / 2 daiva puruSakAre ca karmasiddhavyavasthitA / tatra daivabhivyakta pauruSa paurSadehikam // 347 // keciddevAddhAtkecitkecitpuruSa kArata / siddhamantyarthA manuSyANA teSA yonistu pauruSam // 348 // yathAhyekena cakreNa rathasya na gatirbhavet / eva puruSakAreNa rathasya na gatirbhavet / eva puruSakAreNa binA daiva na siddhyati // 346 // -- hIrendranAthadatta 'karmavAda aura janmAntara'

Page #128
jainendra kI dRSTi me bhAgya, karma-paramparA evaM mRtyu 123 bhAgya aura puruSArtha sahayogI ___jainendra ke anusAra puruSArtha kA artha kevala zubha karanA hI nahI hai / varan zubha ke sAtha hI Izvara ke sahayoga ko bhI svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai| jainendra kI mAnyatA hai ki 'jaba puruSa apane aha se vimukta hotA hai, tabhI bhAgya se sayukta hotA he / ' bhAgya kA sahArA lekara karma karane se vyakti ko adamya utsAha aura zakti prApta hotI hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me aisA vyakti pazu tulya hai jo kevala karma aura puruSArtha para vizvAsa karatA hai tathA bhAgya ko upekSaNIya samajhatA hai| pazu ke kArya me tvarA adhika hotI hai / jainendra ke anusAra yadi manuSya pazu se mahAna hai to isI dRSTi se ki usame sneha aura sahayoga kI bhAvanA hai| korA puruSArtha ahatA ko phulAne me sahAyaka hotA hai jaise ki korI bhAgyavAditA akarmaNyatA kI poSaka hai / jainendra ke anusAra puruSArtha kA tAtparya kevala satriyatA se hai, tatva aura satya se nahI hai| puruSArtha kI upayogitA bhI sakriyatA ke hI sAtha hai, zeSa ke sAtha sahaja svIkAratA kA sambandha hai aura usakA dyotaka bhAgya hai| jahA taka sakriyatA prayatnazIla hai, vahI taka puruSArtha kI vyApti hai / jainendra ke anusAra samasta ke puruSArtha kA samaveta rUpa mAnya hai| unakI dRSTi meM rASTrIya puruSArtha bhAgya kI sApekSatA me hI grAhya ho sakatA hai / bhAgya vaha puruSArtha hai jisame pratyeka tatva bhAgya hotA aura jo vyakti kA nahI hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me bauddhika stara para hI bhAgya aura karma se kAryakAraNa ke rUpa samajha sakate hai| vastugata satya se isakA koI sambandha nahI hai / ___jainendra ke sAhitya me bhAgya kI sthiti karma ke madhya hI svIkAra kI gaI hai / jainendra kI mAnyatA hai ki 'bhAgya ke prati abhyatara me arpita hokara puruSa jo bhI puruSArtha karatA hai, vaha use uttarottara mukta aura samagrahI karatA jAtA hai / bhAgya ke prati avajJA rakhanA apane se zeSa ke prati avajJAzIla honA hai / jainendra puruSArtha me paramArtha kA yoga anivArya mAnate hai / yadi artha paramArtha me nahI juDatA to vaha sahaja svIkArya nahI ho sktaa| vyakti ke karmoM kI iti prApta kartavya me hI hai / jainendra ke anusAra bhAgya Izvara kA Adeza hai| Izvara vyakti ke viparIta koI kArya nahI kara sakatA / unhone sUryodaya kA dRSTAnta dekara spaSTa kiyA hai ki jisa prakAra sUrya ke sAmane Ane para hama use sUryodaya kahate hai, kintu pIche cale jAne para sUrya kA astitva samApta nahI hotA, varan vaha hame dRSTigata nahI hotA / vyakti kI kSamatA asIma hai| usakI pahuca 1 jainendrakumAra 'pariprekSa', pR0 sa0 114 / 2 jainendrakumAra * 'pariprekSa', pR0 sa0 118 /

Page #129
124 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana vartamAna tathA dRzya jagata taka hI sImita hai, kintu Izvara sarvavyApta hai / bhAgya kA pratyakSa prabhAva na dekhakara yaha nahI samajhanA cAhie ki bhAgyodaya nahI huA / bhAgya kA jJAta ekamAtra brahma hI hai, vyakti kI sthUla dRSTi prajeya satya kA bodha prApta karane meM asamartha hai / prayatna ke dvArA vyakti kI samagratA ko nahI jAnA jA sakatA / jainendra ke anusAra kArya me saphala na hone para prayatna kI vyarthatA nahI siddha hotI / unakI dRSTi meM bhAgya zAyada puruSa ke artha ko jyAdA jAnatA hai / ' jainendra ke sAhitya me usI karma ko saprayatna ke rUpa me svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jisame kAmanA kA na ho / bhAgya ko saharSa svIkAra karane se vyakti bhAgya ke niyatraNa me nahI rahatA / bhAgya sarvathA ajeya hai / ajJAta ke rahasya ko jAta me pUrNata utArane kA dambha mithyA hai | ajJAta asIma hai, jJAta sasIma hai / asIma ko sasIma me bAdhane ke prayatna me vyakti kA artha siddha nahI hotA / prayatna (karma) kI dhArA anantakAla taka pravAhita hone ke lie hai / vidhAtA kA virodha karane kA dRDha sakalpa mana me rakhakara bhI vyakti antata IzvarecchA para apane ko samarpita kara detA hai / vastu jainendra ke sAhitya me bhAgya kI krUratA para kSobha kA bhAva nahI dRSTigata hotA, kyoki unhe bhAgya dukha hI nahI sukha kA varadAna bhI pratIta hotA hai / sukha me vyakti vidhAtA ko bhUlA rahatA hai aura dukha me usakI yAda karatA hai / 'tyAgapatra' me eka sthAna para jainendra ne bhAgya ke samakSa vinata hone vAle pramoda (jata) kI bhAvo kI abhivyakti karate hue batAyA hai ki jo hotA hai usake lie vidhAtA ko to doSa de nahI sakatA, kyoki una taka kisI prakAra mai apanA dhanyavAda taka nahI pahucA sakatA / vastuta jainendra ke pAtra kisI ko doSI na ThaharAkara svayaM ko hI patita mAnate hai / isa prakAra ve ahatA kA niSedha karate hue Izvara kA ( bhAgya kA ) sahayoga pAkara prasanna rahate hai / uname yaha vizvAsa samAyA huA hai ki jIva brahma kA praza hai ataeva jIva ke dukha se vidhAtA nirapekSa nahI ho sakatA / karmAkarma bhAva jainendra ke sAhitya meM bhAgya sambandhI vicAro kA vizleSaraNa karate hue yaha 1 jainendrakumAra 'itastata' pR0 sa0, dillI, 1962, pR0 sa0 16 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'vivarta', pra0 sa0, dillI, 1953, pR0 sa0 217 / 3 jainendrakumAra ' tyAgapatra', pra0 sa, pR0 sa0 45 / 4 jainendrakumAra ' tyAgapatra' pra0 sa0 pR0 sa045 |

Page #130
jainendra kI dRSTi me bhAgya, karma-paramparA eva mRtyu 125 jJAta hotA hai ki unhone puruSArtha kA niSedha nahI kiyA hai / Izvara ko hI ekamAtra satya mAnane ke kAraNa unake karma sambandhI vicAro me bhI vyakti ke aha bhAva ke darzana nahI hote / jainendra ke karma sambandhI vicAro para gItA kI niSkAma karma sAdhanA tathA karma-akarma kI mAnyatA kA prabhAva spaSTata dRSTigata hotA hai| 'zrImadbhagavadgItA' me arjuna ko upadeza dete hue kRSNa ne kahA hai ki 'kama kyA hai aura akarma kyA hai isa viSaya me buddhimAna puruSa bhI mohita hai / jo puruSa karma me arthAt ahakAra rahita kI huI sampUrNa ceSTApro me akarma arthAt vAstava me unakA na honA pAnA dekhe aura jo puruSa akarma me arthAt ajJAnI puruSa dvArA kie hue sampUrNa kriyApro ke tyAga me bhI karma ko arthAt tyAga rUpa kriyA ko dekhe, vaha puruSa manuSyo me buddhimAna hai aura vaha bhogI sampUrNa karmo kA karane vAlA hai|'' jainendra ke anusAra 'karma' me 'akarma' kI bhAvanA vyakti ko vyaSTi se samaSTi kI ora unmukha karatI hai tathA vyakti svArtha ko bhUlakara paramArtha hetu hI jIvanayApana karatA hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me vyakti kA karma-zIla honA hI koI baDI bAta nahI hai| karmazIlatA ke sAtha hI usame karma ke prati anAsakti kA honA bhI Avazyaka hai| Asakta bhAva se kie gae kArya me svArtha kI jhalaka dRSTigata hotI hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me 'karma se svArtha paidA hotA hai akarma se ni svArtha hai / jainendra ne apane upanyAsa 'jayavardhana' me karma tathA akarma ke svarUpa ko jUTa ke uddharaNa dvArA bahuta hI spaSTa rUpa me vyakta kiyA hai| unake anusAra jaise 'nAriyala ke jaTAjUTa aura usake bAda ke khappara kA mUlya yahI hai ki bhItara girI hai, girI akarma hai to karma to vaha jaTAjUTa hI hai / isa dRSTAnta dvArA lekhaka ne karma ke mUla meM nihita akarma kI bhAvanA kA rUpa darzAyA hai| Upara se AkarSaka na pratIta hone vAlI vastu ke bhItara bhI vastu kA mUla artha 1 zrImadbhagavadgItA--'ki karmakima karmetikavayo'pyatra mohitA / / tatte karma prakSyAmi yajjJAtvA mokSyase'zubhAt // -adhyAya 4 2. 'kAryakartA kA kAma kArya karanA to hai hI, para bar3A kAma apane ko anA sakta rakhanA hai / anAsakti se kAma me hAra nahIM mAlUma hogI, vaha satat hogI, aura phala bhI usakA mIThA aura bar3A hogaa|' -jainendrakumAra 'jayavardhana', dillI, 1656, pR0 sa0 220 / 3 jainendrakumAra 'jayavardhana', dillI, 1956, pR0 sa0 262 / 4 jainendrakumAra 'jayavardhana', dillI, 1956, pR0 sa0 220 /

Page #131
126 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana athavA usakI sArthakatA nihita hotI hai ataeva vyakti ko karma me hI na aTaka kara akarma ke bhAva kI gaharAI me bhI praviSTa honA cAhie, anyathA korA karma nirarthaka hai / 'jayavardhana' me jainendra ne anyatra eka sthala para 'akarma' kI anivAryatA para prakAza DAlate hue batAyA hai| karma ThIka hai, kintu vaha akarma ke sAtha hI ThIka hai nahI to bacAva aura bharamAva hogaa|' punarjanma _ jainendra ke sAhitya ke sandarbha me unakI bhAgyavAdI nIti aura karma-akarma ke bhAvo kI vivecanA karate hue yaha samasyA utpanna hotI hai ki vyakti ke karmoM kA usake jIvana se kyA sambandha hai / yadyapi yaha satya hai ki vyakti akarma bhAva ko mana me rakhakara karma karatA huA bhI anAsakta rahatA hai, kintu isa satya kA bhI niSedha nahI kiyA jA sakatA ki vaha akarma arthAt kartRtva bhAva se hIna hokara karma karatA rahatA hai| usakI karmazIlatA me koI antara nahI AtA, kevala bhAvanA me hI antara AtA hai aura bhAvanA kI vizuddhatA ke kAraNa karma aura bhI mahAna ho jAtA hai| aisI sthiti me prazna uThatA hai ki vizuddha bhAvanA se kie vyakti ke karmoM kA kyA hotA hai| usane pUrva janma me jo nispRha bhAva se kArya kie hoge, unakA kyA prabhAva dRSTigata ho rahA hai aura punarjanma me kyA hogA? vyakti zubha karmoM ke dvArA apane janmo kA sudhAra kara sakatA hai ki nahI ? vividha samasyAo ke samAdhana hetu jainendra ke punarjanma sambandhI vicAro kA vizleSaNa anivArya hai| saskAra samaSTi ko prApta punarjanma me jainendra kI pUrNa AsthA hai / unake anusAra janma aura mRtyu kA cakra ananta kAla taka calatA rahatA hai| eka ke bAda dUsarA krama samApta nahI hotA, ata mRtyu ke bAda bhI janma kA krama banA rahatA hai / mRtyu me jIvana kA avasAna nahI hai / sthUla zarIra bAra-bAra janmatA aura maratA hai, kintu sUkSma AtmA amara hai| vaha Izvara arthAt paramAtmA kA aza hai| paramAtmA hI ekamAtra pUrNa zakti svarUpa hai, AtmA usa artha me nirapekSa nahI hai, jisa rUpa me paramAtmA hai / mRtyu ke anantara Atmatatva brahma me vilIna ho jAtA hai aura usake karma brahmANDa meM vyApta ho jAte hai| vyakti apane karmoM ke lie svaya uttaradAyI nahI hotA varan mRtyu ke bAda usake karmoM kA mahatva aura bar3ha jAtA hai / vyaSTi 1 jainendrakumAra 'jayavardhana', dillI, 1656, pR0 sa0 12 /

Page #132
jainendra kI dRSTi meM bhAgya, karma-paramparA eva mRtyu 127 ke guNa-dopa yukta karma samaSTi meM vyApta ho jAte hai / '' pUrva janma ke karmaphala tathA saskAra vyavita se chUTakara usI prakAra samaSTi me vilIna ho jAte hai, jisa prakAra tAlAba me uThI lahara sAre sarovara meM vyApta ho jAtI hai| usakA pArthakya miTa jAtA hai / vastuta vyakti ke saskAra jAti aura jAti ke samasta brahmANDa kA aga ho jAte hai| vyakti ke saba kAryo ke saskAra samaSTi ko goravAnvita karate hai| dUsarI ora usake duSkarma svaya taka hI sImita nahI rahate, usame sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa bhI dUSita ho jAtA hai| ata vyakti ke karma samAja ko hAni pahucAne ke lie bhI uttaradAyI hote hai| isa prakAra vyakti kA karma ke prati dAyitva adhika baDha jAtA hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me janma aura mRtyu ke anavarata ghaTanAkrama se hI samaSTi kA jIvana abhivyakti pAtA hai| samaSTi kA jIvana hI parama lakSya hai, vyakti ke janma-mRtyu kI kaDI usame sAdhana rUpa hai| saskAro kI gradhi samaSTi me bikhara jAne ke lie hI hotI hai| punarjanma se isakA koI sambandha nahI hotaa| isa sambandha me jainendra ke saskAro kI tulanA khajUra ke vRkSa se karate hai| para prativarSa paDane vAle valaya se karate hai / vRkSa ke TUTa jAne para sambhava ho sakatA hai ki vRkSa kI guThalI jamIna para girakara kisI naye vRkSa kA bIja bana jAe, kintu una valayo kA koI mahatva nahIM hotaa| ve usa guThalI se utpanna hone vAle peDa se koI sambandha nahI sthApita kara sakate / ThIka isI prakAra vyakti se pUrvajanma ke saskAra punarjanma kI sthiti ke nirdhAraNa me sahAyaka nahIM hote| saccidAnanda paramAtmA akhaNDa hai, pUrNa hai, aura vyakti apUrNa tathA atRpta hai / mRtyu jIvana kA anta nahI, varan pragati kA dvAra hai / apanI atRpta AkAkSAo, vAsanAmo kI pUrti ke lie vyakti bAra-bAra janma letA hai| jainendra saskAro kA eka janma se dUsare janma me sakramaNa svIkAra nahI karate, isalie 1 'janma-maraNa vyakti bhogatA hai, lekina isa bhoga ke dvArA mAno vaha samaSTi lIlA ko hI vyakta kara rahA hotA hai|' --jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0sa0 56 / 2, jarA sI kakarI DAlie to sarovara ke tala para siharana hotI hai, jo chora taka pahucatI hai aura phira zAnta ho jAtI hai| isI taraha saca pUchie to prApta saskAra mujha taka nahIM rahatA, mAno vizva-cetanA me samAkara vahI paryavasAna pAtA hai / ' ---jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0sa0 566 / 3 jainendrakumAra . 'samaya aura hama', pR0sa0 567 /

Page #133
128 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana vyakti kI prAsaktiyA aura anubhUtiyA cAro ora tantu rUpa me phailakara sAhitya, kalA kRti Adi ke rUpa me vyakti ke maraNoparAnta bhI jIvita rahatI hai / 'sukhadA' me lAla ke kathana se isI tathya kA bodha hotA hai--"hama tuma nahI jIte sukhadA, jItA khuda jIvana hai / vaha itihAsa me jItA hai, vikAsa me jItA hai / vaha hamArA tumhArA nahI hai, balki hama usame hai / " "isa prakAra jainendra ke anusAra mRtyu ke dvArA vyakti apanA aura kucha kA hI nahI rahatA, varan saba kA aura asatya kA ho jAtA hai / " jainendra ke anusAra janma-maraNa kA cakra vyaktitva ke athavA AtmatA ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se koI mahatva nahI rakhatA / jainendra kI dRSTi me yaha nizcita rUpa se nahI kahA jA sakatA ki AtmA, jisakA pUrva zarIra se sabadha thA, usI me praveza karegI, jisa prakAra hara patajhaDa me patte vRkSa se bhara jAte hai aura basata me phira hare-bhare patte khila Ate hai / isa prakAra vRkSa kA hI bAra-bAra navajIvana hotA hai, tathA patajhaDa aura basata rUpI janma-maraNa kA krama to vRkSa rUpa samaSTi se jIvana kA sAdhanamAtra hai / usI prakAra 'janma-maraNa vyakti bhogatA ho, lekina isa bhoga dvArA vaha samaSTi-lIlA ko hI vyakta kara rahA hotA hai / vastuta vyakti kA sambandha mRtyu ke sAtha hI samApta ho jAtA hai| usake vartamAna jIvana ke karmoM kA bhAvI jIvana se koI sambandha nahI hotA / vyakti ke karma mRtyu ke bAda samaSTi me vyApta hokara pramara ho jAte hai / kama kI sthiti vibhinna dArzanika sambandhI sadarbha jainendra ke vicAro kA uparokta vivecana karane ke pazcAt yaha samasyA utpanna hotI hai ki vyakti ke vrata vartamAna kriyAmAraNa karmoM kI kyA sArthakatA hai ? tathA vyakti kA bhAgya sacita karmoM ke abhAva me kisa prakAra nirmita hotA hai ? jainendra ke sAhitya me abhivyakta bhAgyavAdI vicAra dhArA unake punarjanma sambandhita vicAro ke sAtha sagata nahI pratIta hotI hai / bhAgya vyakti ke kriyAmANa karmo ke puNya aura pApa kA sacita rUpa hI hai / prArabdha vyakti ke saci karmo kA za hai / yadi vyakti apane vartamAna nAma aura rUpa se sarvathA asambaddha 1 jainendrakumAra 'sukhadA', pR0 171 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 601 | 3 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama' pR0 568 / 4 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama' pR0568 / 5 kriyAmANa karma se tAtparya vartamAna jIvana ke karmoM se hai /

Page #134
jainendra kI dRSTi me bhAgya, karma-paramparA eva mRtyu 126 zarIra me janma letA hai to usake pUrva karmoM ke dvArA kisa prakAra bhAgya kA nirmANa hotA hai ? jainendra ke vicAro ko lekara jo samasyA utpanna hotI hai, ThIka vahI samasyA bauddha dArzanika nAgasena ke dArzanika-vicAro me bhI dRSTigata hotI hai| bhinAndara aura manta kI vArtA ke dvArA punarjanma sabadhI vicAro para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| unakI dRSTi me nAma aura rUpa janma grahaNa karate hai| jisa nAma aura rUpa se vyakti pApa yA puNya karatA hai, una karmoM se dUsarA nAma aura rUpa janma grahaNa karatA hai / bhinAndara manta se pUchate hai ki jaba eka nAma aura rUpa se karma kie jAte hai, to ve kahA Thaharate hai ? uparokta samasyA ke samAdhAna me manta uttara detA hai ki karma chAyA kI bhAti nAma rUpAtmaka vyakti kA pIchA karate rahate hai / die kI lau kA dRSTAnta dete hue samajhAyA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra rAta ke pahile pahara me jo Tema hotI hai, vahI dUsare yA tIsare pahara me vahI rahatI hai, usake ghaTane-baDhane se lau me antara nahI AtA hai| ThIka usI prakAra kisI vastu ke astitva ke silasile me eka avasthA utpanna hotI hai, eka laya hotI hai--isa taraha pravAha jArI rahatA hai| eka pravAhI kI do avasthAo me eka kSaNa kA bhI antara nahI hotA, kyoki eka ke laya hote hI dUsarI utpanna ho jAtI hai| isI kAraNa na (vaha) vahI jIva aura na dUsarA hI ho jAtA hai / 'eka janma ke atima vijJAna (cetanA) ke laya hote hI dUsare janma kA prathama vijJAna uTha khaDA hotA hai| isa prakAra eka janma ke bAda turanta hI dUsare janma kI avasthA kA prArambha ho jAtI hai aura usake pUrva karma sAtha-sAtha calate hai / 'chAndogya upaniSad' me tathA vAdarAyaNa Adi ke dvArA bhI punarjanma aura 'karma paramparA' ke siddhAta ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jainendra kI dRSTi aura sAmAnya abhimata uparokta paramparAgata dArzanika vicAro ke sandarbha me jaba hama jainendra ke vicAro kA vizleSaNa karate hai to uname karma paramparA ke sambandha me koI sagati nahI dRSTigata hotI / jainendra ne vyakti ke punarjanma ko kaI bAra apane sAhitya me svIkAra kiyA hai tathA ve yaha bhI mAnate hai ki vyakti mRtyu ke dvAra se sIdhe nayA janma grahaNa karatA hai, kintu unake pUrva karma sambandhI vicAro kI samasyA kA samAdhAna phira bhI nahIM mila pAtA / jainendra ne 'kalyANI', 'rukiyA buDhiyA' tathA 'mauta kI kahAnI' Adi upanyAsa tathA kahAniyo me yatra-tatra 1 rAhula sAkRtyAyana 'darzana digdarzana', hajArIbAga seNTrala jela, 1942, pR0 554-55 /

Page #135
130 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana punarjanma ke sambandha me ullekha kiyA hai / 'punarjanma' zabda se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kisI viziSTa vyakti kA hI phira se janma hotA hai / punarjanma zabda vyakti sApekSa pratIta hotA hai, kintu jainendra ne sambhavata use karma kI sApekSatA se grahaNa kiyA hai / unhone vyakti se itara janma kI paramparA ko svIkAra kiyA hai / unake anusAra janma ke bAda mRtyu aura phira janma kA krama satat calatA hai, kintu yaha nahI kahA jA sakatA ki yaha paramparA viziSTa vyaktiyo ke sandarbha me cala rahI hai / tathA valaya rUpa saskAro kA mahatva ke lie koI mahatva nahI raha jAtA hai / yaha satya hai ki isa siddhAnta me jainendra ne vyakti ko svArtha se paramArtha kI ora unmukha hone kA sandeza diyA hai, kintu vyakti kI dRSTi me usakA mahatva nizeSa ho jAtA hai / sasAra karma aura bhAgya kI AsthA para cala rahA hai / janma-janmAntara me eka-dUsare se badha kara hI samagratA kA paricaya de sakate hai | anyathA vikAsa aura pragati kI samasyA phira eka prazna cinha lagA detI hai / sAmAnyata pratyeka vyakti kA aisA vizvAsa hai ki janma-janmAtara dvArA vyakti apane vyaktitva me parimArjana utpanna kara sakatA hai / vaha apanI apUrNa abhIpsA kI pUrti ke hetu janma-janmAntara taka prayatna karatA rahatA hai / kAmanA hI janma kA mUla AdhAra hai / yadi vyakti ke karma pUrva athavA punarjanma sambandhita nahI hai to kAmanA kI pUrti kA prazna hI nahI uThatA / sAmAnyata jIvana me viziSTa pratibhAsampanna pUrvajanma ke sacita karmoM arthAt bhAgya ke anusAra hI sambhava hotA hai / pratibhA adhyavasAyamUlaka jainendra ne pratibhA ke sambandha me apanI maulika dRSTi pradAna kI hai / unake anusAra 'pratibhA' vyaktigata adhyavasAya aura abhyAsa kA pariNAma hai / pUrva janma ke sacita guraNo ke AdhAra para pratibhA ko svIkAra karanA vyakti ko niSkriya nAnA hai / pUrvajanma kA punarjanma para koI prabhAva nahI paDatA / ' 'pratibhA ko me dvandvaja mAnatA hU arthAta gahare me usakA AdhAra prabhAva hai / pratibhAzAlI kelA ho jAtA hai aura anya ke sAtha usakA sambandha samatA aura samavedanA kA kama bana sakatA hai / " vizva me sRSTi kA krama to anantakAla se calA A rahA hai / isa krama kA khaNDana sambhava nahI hai / jainendra ke anusAra yadi yaha 1 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 67 // 2 jainendrakumAra, 'samaya, samasyA aura samAdhAna', pR0 233 /

Page #136
jainendra kI dRSTi se bhAgya, karma-paramparA eva mRtyu krama TUTa jAya to jIva-vijJAna, prAraNa vijJAna nirarthaka siddha hoge / AnuvazikatA kI zrRMkhalA satat calatI rahatI hai| unakI dRSTi me prAnuvazikatA ke kAraNa hI baccA apane mAtA-pitA kI sUrata tathA unake guNo ko lekara janma letA hai / isa prakAra usakA jIvana svaya me eka vizvakhalita kaDI nahI hai, varan usakA vyaktitva mAtA-pitA ke raja-vIrya ke guraNo kA sakramita rUpa hai / vastuta vyakti kA janma navInatama rUpa se hotA hai, kintu usakI cidguNatA kA nahI / " vastu jainendra kI dRSTi me vyakti kI cetanA kA prArambha kisI janma- vizeSa se nahI hotA / cetanA anantavAdI hai, kevala vyaktimattA yA nijatA kAla me sImita hai, kintu vaha bhI mRtyu ke anantara AtmarUpa me aparimita, asIma brahmANDa me lIna ho jAtI hai / 131 jIva- vaijJAnika dRSTi jainendra ke uparokta anuvaMzikatA ke vicAro para jIva- vaijJAnika aura vikAsavAdiyo kA prabhAva dRSTigata hotA hai / vaijJAniko ne vaza-paramparA (lA grApha heriDiTI) siddhAta ke dvArA punarjanma kI satyatA ko pramANita kiyA hai, kintu vaijJAniko kI dRSTi vartamAna ko lekara vizleSaNa kI ora unmukha hotI hai / ataeva vaijJAnika vicAra-dhArA pUrNata sagata hI hai / vaza-paramparAgata guNo kI samAnatA svIkAra karane para usame bhI kucha apavAda dRSTigata hote hai / prAya pratibhAzAlI mAtA - pitA kI santAne adhika kuzAgra tathA pratibhA sampanna nahI bhI hotI / kintu jainendra kisI sthiti me pratibhA ko alaukika zakti kI dena na jAnakara sAdhanA aura adhyavasAya kA pariNAma hI mAnate hai / kSatipUrti jainendra ke anusAra vyaktigata sAdhanA ke atirikta kSatipUrti kA siddhAnta bhI vyakti ko viziSTa kSetra me viziSTa pratibhA pradAna karane meM sahAyaka hotA hai / una dhAraNA hai ki kisI aga kI akSamatA zarIra ke dUsare aga kI zakti ko adhika sazakta aura sampanna banA detI hai / zarIra se hIna vyakti prAya buddhi se vilakSaraNa dekhe jAte hai / ' Izvara apanI ora se kisI ko mUrkha athavA pratibhAsampanna 1 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 sa0 66 / 2. jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 sa0 68 /

Page #137
132 jainendra kA jovana-darzana nahI utpanna karatA / vastuta jainendra brahma ko hI ekamAtra nirapekSa zakti athavA sattA ke rUpa me svIkAra karate hai, AdhyAtmika yA vyAvahArika dRSTi se punarjanma nitya satya nahI hai| vaijJAnika siddhAto ke AdhAra para avazya vaha siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai / aha ke prakaTa aura vilaya hone kA cakra calatA rahatA hai, kintu aha ke sAtha vyakti ke sUkSma mana, buddhi Adi kA mRtyu ke bAda koI sambandha nahI rahatA / usakI cetanA brahmANDa me vyApta hokara akAla kI ho jAtI hai| bhAratIya darzana aura punarjanma jainendra hindu dharma aura vizvAso ke samarthaka hai / unakA darzana AstikatA kA poSaka hai / bhAratIya darzana me AstikatA kA mUla srota vedAnta hai / vedAnta me AtmA kI amaratA ke AdhAra para punarjanma kI sthiti ko svIkAra kiyA hai| 'vAyu gadha ke sthAna se gadha ko jisa prakAra grahaNa karake le jAtA hai, vaise hI dehAdiyo kA svAmI jIvAtmA bhI jisa pahile zarIra ko tyAgatA hai, usase ina mana sahita indriyo ko grahaNa karake, phira jisa zarIra ko prApta hotA hai, usame jAtA hai / svAmI vivekAnanda ne apanI pustaka 'maraNoparAnta' me zopanahAyara ke vicAro dvArA punarjanma ke viSaya para prakAza DAlA hai| unake anusAra * 'mRtyU rUpI nIda me se nayA prANI banakara dUsarI buddhIndriya ko sAtha lekara puna prakaTa hotA hai, nayA divasa use naye pradezo kI ora lalacAtA hai / (yaha krama) taba taka calatA hai, jaba taka ki bArambAra ke naye zarIro me adhikAdhika bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke jJAna ke dvArA zikSita aura unnata hokara vaha apanA hI abhAva karake apane ko vilupta na kara de|' unake anusAra 'yathArtha me to nae prakaTa hone vAle prANiyo ke janma se jIrNa hone vAlo kI mRtyu se usakA sambandha rahatA hI hai / 'rAmacaritamAnasa' me gosvAmI tulasIdAsa jI ne bhI pUrvajanma va punarjanma ko svIkAra kiyA hai| isakA pramAraNa kAgabhuSuNDi kI kathA 1 'na jAyate mriyate vA kadAcinnAya bhUtvA bhavitA vA na bhUya / ajo nitya zAzvato'ya purANo na hanyate hanyamAne zarIre / ' -zrI madbhagavadgItA adhyAya 2 / 20 2 zarIra yadavApnoti yaccApyutkrAmatIzvara / gRhItvaitAni sayAti vAyurgandhAnivAzayAt // adhyAya 15 3. vivekAnanda , 'maraNoparAnta' pR0 12 /

Page #138
jainendra kI dRSTi me bhAgya, karma-paramparA evaM mRtyu se prApta hotA hai / uparokta vicAro ke sandarbha me jainendra ke vicAra pUrNata asambaddha pratIta hote hai / uparokta vivecana ke anantara hama isa niSkarSa para pahucate hai ki punarjanma sambandhI jainendra ke vicAra sarvathA maulika hai / 'atRptavAsanA' aura abhIpsAyo kI samasyA kA samAdhAna karate hue ve kahate hai ki atRptiyA pUrNatA ke lie prayatnazIla na hokara sAhitya, kalA Adi ke rUpa me amara ho jAtI hai / isa prakAra jo maratA hai vahI maratA hai, usake dvArA jo caritArtha huA rahatA hai, vaha nahI maratA, vaha amara banA rahatA hai| jainendra ke anusAra vyakti ko pUrvajanma kI smRti nahI rahatI, (yadyapi unake vicAro ke anusAra pUrvajanma kI smRti ke lie kucha bhI zeSa nahI rahatA) kintu ve yaha avazya svIkAra karate hai ki pUrvajanma kI smRti sambhava hone para vyakti kA vartamAna jIvana aura bhI kaSTamaya ho jAyagA / 'rukiyA buDhiyA' zIrSaka kahAnI me unhone isa tathya para prakAza DAlA hai| jainendra ke anusAra punarjanma satya hai kintu usa saba ghaTita atIta se apane ko sarvathA toDakara nae janma me hama jIte hai nahI to apane ananta itihAsa kA bojha apane mAthe para lekara hama jI sakate hai ? hamArA jJAna sakucita hai, yahI hamArA varadAna hai| hama parimita hai, yahI hamArA dhanya bhAgya hai / jainendra ke punarjanma sambandhI vicAro ko azata vikAsavAdI vicAro ke sandarbha me svIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai / svAmI vivekAnanda ke anusAra punarjanmavAdI yaha mAnate hai ki 'sabhI anubhava pravRttiyo ke rUpa meM anubhava karane vAle jIvAtmA me sagrahIta rahate hai aura usa avinAzI jIvAtmA ke punarjanma dvArA kie jAte hai aura bhautikavAdI mastiSka ko sabhI karmoM ke AdhAra hone ke aura bIjANuo 'selsa' ke dvArA unake sakramaNa kA siddhAta mAnate hai / "use (pravRttiyo ko) mAtA-pitA se putra me Ane vAlI Anuva zika sakramaNa dvArA samajhate hai| isa dRSTikoNa se jainendra ke preraka guNo ke sakramaNa kA vicAra vikAsavAdI hI pratIta hotA hai / jainendra apane vicAro kI puSTi karate hue 1 'marane ke pahale jo hotA hai use jInA kahate hai / "hama tuma nahI jIte, jItA khuda jIvana hai, vaha itihAsa me jItA hai, vikAsa me jItA hai / vaha merA tumhArA nahIM hai, mujhase tumase nahIM hai, balki hama usame hai| vaha hai, hama nahI hai|' -jainendrakumAra 'sukhadA' pR0 171 / 2 jainendra kI kahAniyA, bhAga 7, 40 sa0, dillI, 1963, pR0 103 / 3 vivekAnanda --'maraNoparAnta', pR0 32 /

Page #139
134 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana kahate hai ki, 'kyA pramANa hai ki peDa kA yaha pattA vahI hai jo pichalI patajhaDa me vRkSa kI usI zAkhA kI kisI TahanI se TUTA thA / jainendra pUrvajanma ko isI rUpa me samajha pAte hai| isake atirikta unake sampUrNa jIvana-darzana me aha ke vigalana kI bhAvanA hI dRSTigata hotI hai, ata ve vyaktimattA ko vizeSa mahatva na dekara use samaSTi ke jIvana kA sAdhana hI mAnate hai| jainendra kA punarjanma ke sambandha me apanA abhimata hai / isa sambandha me ve apane vizvAsa para hI apanI mAnyatApro kA nirdhAraNa karate hai| bhAratIya darzana me punarjanma kI paramparA me pUrvajanma kI sambadvatA svIkAra kI gaI hai| purANo me aneko aisI kathAe milatI hai, jinake dvArA isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai tathA aAdhunika yuga me bhI yadA-kadA aisI ghaTanAe sunAyI paDatI hai, jinase punarjanma kI satyatA kA pramANa milatA hai kintu jainendra do-eka ghaTanAo ko satya kI siddhi ke lie paryApta nahI samajhate / ' unakI dRSTi me jo kucha hai saba satya hai, athavA satya me hI samAhita hai| ataeva kucha viziSTa ghaTanAe satya ko pramANita karane ke lie ghaTita nahI hotii| ___sAmAnyata hamArI yaha mAnyatA hai ki pUrvajanma ke karmoM ke phalasvarUpa hI hama sukha athavA dukha bhogate hai aura punarjanma bhI isa (vartamAna) janma ke kAryo ke anusAra hI hotA hai, kintu jainendra kI aisI mAnyatA hai ki phala aura karma vicchinna nahI ho sakate ki isa janma ke karma agale janma me phala de / 'karma aura phala kI kaDI ekasUtratA me hI dekhI jA sakatI hai| unakA vizvAsa hai ki jisa prakAra sarovara me choTI-sI kakarI bhI DAlie to lahara paidA hotI hai| vaha dUsarI ko phira tIsarI ko laharAtI huI taba taka nahI rukatI jaba taka kinArA nahI pA letii| isI taraha mAnA yaha bhI jA sakatA hai ki kartA ke rUpa me jisa karma ko apanAyA hai, usakA prabhAva brahmANDa taka phaile binA nahI rahatA hogaa| isa prakAra jainendra kA dRDha vizvAsa hai ki mRtyu ke anantara vyakti kA karma akAla kA ho jAtA hai arthAt zUnya me vyApta ho jAtA hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me hamArI yaha mAnyatA tarkasaMgata nahI hai ki hama karma isa janma me karate hai aura 1 'samaya aura hama' (prAkkathana--vIrendrakumAra), pR0 36 / 2 'satya ko siddha karane ke lie kyA eka hI ghaTanA Avazyaka hai / saba kucha kyA satya ko hI nahI siddha kara rahA hai|' --jainendra ke sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para upalabdha vicAra / 3 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAta',

Page #140
jainendra kI dRSTi me bhAgya, karma-paramparA evaM mRtyu 135 usakA phala agale janma me milatA hai / unakI dRSTi me karma aura phala me aisI sambaddhatA dekhanA ucita nahI hai / unakA vizvAsa hai ki mRtyu ke bAda kyA hotA hai, koI dekhane nahI jAtA / apane vicAro ko ve ghar3e ke udAharaNo dvArA spaSTa karate hue kahate hai ki 'ghaDA TUTa jAtA hai to prazna mana me nahI uThatA ki phira vaha kyA paryAya grahaNa karatA hai / unakI dRSTi meM jisa prakAra ghaTa kA ghaTatva hamAre lie sAmayika prayojana se adhika mahatva nahI rakhatA hai, isalie usakI samApti mAna lene para kaThinAI nahI hotI / vyakti ke vyaktitva me bhI isI taraha sAmayika saMghaTanA mAnA jA sake to punarjanma Adi kI kalpanA ke lie kahI avakAza nahI raha jAtA hai / " vastuta jainendra kA uparokta abhimata tarkasagata pratIta hote hue bhI sApekSika mahatva hI rakhatA hai, kyoki ve svaya hI svIkAra karate hai ki isa jIvana ke pAra kyA hotA hai, koI nahI jAnatA / isa sambandha me hama kevala anumAna kA hI sahArA le sakate hai, use nirapekSa satya nahI mAna sakate, kyoki hamArI apanI saMskAragata mAnyatA punarjanma kI pUrvajanma se sambaddhatA ko svIkAra karatI hai / vartamAna me hama isa vizvAsa ko lekara hI jIte hai ki jo jaisA karegA usakA phala use kabhI-na-kabhI ( kisI bhI janma me ) milegA / paraloka jainendra ke pAtro ke mana meM sadaiva yaha jAnane kI jijJAsA rahatI hai ki mRtyu ke bAda kyA hotA hai / 'kalyANI' me kalyANI ke samakSa aisI hI viSama pari sthiti utpanna ho jAtI hai, jaba vaha jAnane ke lie utsuka hotI hai, ki marane ke bAda kyA hotA hai ? kalyANI ke mana meM AtmaghAta ke kAraNa pretayoni ke astitva ke sambandha me vividha jijJAsAe utpanna hotI hai / mRtyu ke bAda AtmA turanta dUsare zarIra me praveza karatI hai yA kucha kAla pretayoni me bhI use rahanA paDatA hai / 1 jainendra kumAra 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAnta' 2 3 jainendrakumAra 'kalyANI', dillI, 1956, 'maratA to AdamI jarUra hai, hara koI maratA hai, lekina marane ke bAda kyA hotA hai / marakara AdamI kI kyA gati hotI hai- kyA isa bAre me kisI ko kucha bhI patA nahI hai ? punarjanma kyA vaha hotA hai ?" rahanA 'marakara usakA janma turanta ho jAtA hai yA kucha kAla preta yoni paDatA hai ? zrAtmA to nahI maratI na ? aura mauta bhI do taraha kI hotI hai - svAbhAvika aura akAla mauta / koI apaghAta kara le yA koI mAra DAlA jAye to zrApa kyA samajhate hai ki usakI vaisI hI gati hogI, jaisI prAkRtika mauta vAle kI ?' 'kalyANI', pR0 80 /

Page #141
136 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana pretayoni aura paraloka me antara hai / punarjanma kI parikalpanA ko satya mAnane para hamAre samakSa yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki isa loka ke atirikta kyA paraloka hai ? paraloka se tAtparya svarga aura naraka se hai jahA mRtyu ke bAda kucha dina rahakara vyakti apane puNya athavA pApa karmoM kA phala bhoga kara puna dharatI para janma letA hai| paraloka me jAne vAle vyakti kI AtmA bhaTakatI nahI hai, varan karmaphala bhogane para use puna janma lenA paDatA hai, kintu pretayoni meM jAne vAle vyakti kI AtmA bhaTakatI rahatI hai vaha na jIvana me rahatA hai na mRtyu me| pretayoni me jAne vAle vyakti kI mRtyu sahaja rUpa me nahI hotii| ve AtmaghAta dvArA jIvana kI viSamatAo se mukti pAnA cAhate hai| isa prakAra kI akAla mauta me AtmA zarIra se chUTa jAne para bhI pUrNata pUrvajanma kI Apattiyo se mukta nahI hotii| ___jainendra ke sAhitya meM isa tathya para koI prakAza nahI DAlA gayA hai ki paraloka kyA hai ? tathApi unhone paraloka ke astitva ko svIkAra avazya kiyA hai| jainendra ne apane sAhitya me paraloka kI kalpanA ke mUla me vyakti ke hita kI jhalaka dekhane kI ceSTA kI hai / jainendra paraloka kI parikalpanA avazya karate hai, kintu isa sambandha me ve koI tarka-vitarka karanA upayukta nahI samajhate / unakI dRSTi me paraloka kI kalpanA hI vyakti hitArtha paryApta hai, vaha kyA hai, vaha kyA nahIM hai isakA koI mahatva nahI hotaa| unake anusAra anumAna nirbhara jo mAnyatAe hai unake bAre me kisI Agraha-vigraha kI AvazyakatA nahI hai| unake vicAra me paraloka kI parikalpanA se vyakti kI karmazIlatA ko bala milatA hai| paraloka kI parikalpanA isa preraNA ke rUpa me sArthaka ho sakatI hai anyathA paraloka isa dharatI se pare koI viziSTa loka nahI hai| ___ jainendra ne apane sAhitya me svarga aura naraka kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| svarga aura naraka kyA hai, yaha spaSTa nahI ho pAtA, kintu yaha avazya satya hai ki svarga aura naraka ke kAraNa vyakti apane karmoM kI zreSThatA ke hetu sadaiva sajaga rahatA hai| paraloka kI pUjI dharma hai| 'dharmavettA hI svarga kA adhikArI hotA hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me svarga aura naraka kA ullekha hote hue bhI use usa jagaha se pare kI sthiti ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahI kiyA gayA hai| unake anusAra svarga aura naraka yahA isa dharatI para hI hai|" mRtyu jainendra ke sAhitya me janma, punarjanma aura karma-paramparA kA vivecana karate 1 jainendra se vicAra-vimarza ke avasara para upalabdha /

Page #142
jainendra kI dRSTi me bhAgya, dharma-paramparA evaM mRtyu 137 hue unake mRtyu sambandhI vicAro kA vivecana bhI anivArya pratIta hotA hai| janma aura punarjanma ke madhya mRtyu dvAra hai, vizrAnti hai, ThaharAva hai, kintu mauta ke bAda phira janma kA krama anavarata calatA rahatA hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me mauta eka gUDha satya hai / mauta ke dvAra se jIvana ke guhyatama rahasyo kA udghATana hotA hai| mRtyu kI cetanA vyakti ke jIvana me isa prakAra vyApta hai ki pratipala usake (mRtyu) astitva kA bodha prApta karatA huA bhI vyakti karma-rata rahatA hai| mRtyu ke bAda saba vyartha hai, mithyA hai, kintu vyakti kI mauta se jagata kI anantatA me koI vyavadhAna nahI paDatA hai / jainendra kI mRtyu sambandhI mAnyatAo me unake gahana cintana kI jhalaka milatI hai / jIva aura mRtyu ke antargata rahasya kA udghATana karate hue jainendra ne vyAvahArika jIvana me vyakti kI mRtyusambandhI dhAraNAo ko apanI racanAo dvArA vyakta kiyA hai| jIvana ke unmAda me usakI cahala-pahala me vyakti mauta kI satyatA kI ora dhyAna nahI detA, use aisA pratIta hotA hai mAno jIvana hI hai usake bAda mauta nahI hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me aneko bAra mauta kI satyatA (mahattA) para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / jainendra ne apane sAhitya me aisI aneko ghaTanApro kI ora igita kiyA hai jaba ki parivAra ke kaI sadasya eka-ke-bAda-eka mauta ke grAsa bana jAte hai| mRtyu kA aisA durdAnta rUpa dekhakara hI unhe svIkAra karanA paDatA hai ki mauta akATya satya hai / sasAra mithyA hai| jainendra ne 'anantara' kahAnI me satyatA para prakAza DAlate hue batAyA hai ki mauta eka dvAramAtra hai, anyathA saba mithyA hai kevala brahma satya hai / 'rAmanAma satya hai, rAmanAma satya hai / ' mAno rAma nAma satya ke Age mauta jhUTha ho jAtI hai, mAno niyati ke AdhAra para hamArA eka uttara hai / eka rAma nAma se milakara hI saba mithyA ho jAtA hai| eka ko zmazAna ghATa pahucAyA jAtA hai aura dUsarA jAne ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai, kintu vyakti kA karma (jIvita rahane ke kAraNa) zeSa hai aura aura logo ko bhI maranA hai / vastuta ekamAtra vahI satya hai aura vaha satya hai Izvara / mRtyu : eka anivArya satya jainendra ke anusAra mRtyu jIvana kA anivArya satya hai / usakI kalpanA jIvana ke lie bahuta hI sahayogI tathA zAntidAyaka siddha hotI hai| 'jagata ke jIvana ke lie mRtyu varadAna hai / ' janma kI ekapakSIya dhArA jIvana ko gadalA 1 jainendrakumAra 'jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 2, 'anantara,' cauthA saskaraNa, 1666, pR0 s01|

Page #143
138 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana kara degI / jisa prakAra tAlAba kI svacchatA ke lie nirantara svaccha jala kA Agamana aura asvaccha jala kA nigamana anivArya hai usI prakAra jainendra ne jagata kI svacchatA aura svAsthya ke hetu mRtyu ko anivArya mAnA hai / ' unhone 'mauta kI kahAnI' me apane vicAro ko vyakta karate hue batAyA hai ki - 'mota kA silasilA banda ho jAyagA to janma kA silasilA bhI roka denA paDegA / nahI to dharatI para aisI kicamica macegI ki sAsa lene ko bhI jagaha na rahegI / " mRtyu kI goda me kevala 'AtmatA' kA hI prastitva rahatA hai, vyaktimattA ( nijatA ) samApta ho jAtI hai| garIbI aura amIrI kA bhedabhAva mauta me samApta ho jAtA hai / 'bheda' jagata kI sApekSatA me sambhava hotA hai, kintu sasAra kI parimiti se pare saba eka hai, abhinna hai / jainendra ne jIvana me aura jIvana ke anantara bhI ekamAtra sneha aura pArasparika prema ko hI anivArya mAnA hai, kyoki mauta ke bAda kucha bhI zeSa nahI rahatA, kevala vyakti ke sneha kI smRti sthAyI rahatI hai / smRti ke sahAre hI vyakti mara kara bhI amara hai aura avismaraNIya ho jAtA hai / mauta ke bAda vyakti ke samasta sambandha chUTa jAte hai aura vaha kisI kA na hokara zUnya sA ho jAtA hai / 'vivarta' me isa satya para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / " jainendra ke vicAro ke mUla me unakI dhArmika prAsthA aura nIti ke darzana hote hai / dharmapUrvaka AcaraNa hI unakI sabase baDI naitika mAnyatA hai / unakI 'mauta sira para hai, yaha yadi hama yAda rakhe to dharma prAcaraNa sahaja hotA hai / ' mRtyu kI satyatA kA bodha yadi vyakti ke mana me banA rahe to vyakti dharma ke vimukha hokara kSudratA me nahI gira sakatA / 1 'mai mRtyu kA kAyala hU / jIvana se adhika usakA kAyala hU / vaha paramezvara kA varadAna hai / mai mRtyu ko samApta nahI cAhatA hU / usake binA jIvana asahya ho jAyagA / ' 1 -- jainendrakumAra ' itastata', pR0 113 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'jainendra kI kahAniyA', tR0 sa0, 1963, pR0 68 / 3 'yo hama kaba eka dUsare ke hai, koI kevala apanA nahI hai, lekina kSaraNa hai ki hama Apasa ke raha hI nahI pAte, kahI kisI apara ke ho jAte hai / taba mAlUma hotA hai ki ApasIpana khisakakara proDhe kapaDe ke mAninda hamase nIce utara gayA hai / hama kisI ke bhI nahI rahe, apane bhI nahI rahe, mAne sirpha nahI ke ho gae hai / kyA yahI kRta kRtyatA hai ? yA ki yaha mRtyu hai / ' - jainendra kumAra 'vivarta', pR0 217 / 'jainendra kI kahAniyA' (anantara ), bhAga 2, pR0 7 / 4

Page #144
jainendra kI dRSTi me bhAgya, dharma-paramparA evaM mRtyu mRtyu kI sArthakatA jainendra mRtyu ko sArthaka banAnA cAhate hai / mauta kI satyatA athavA usakI cetanA vyakti ko bhayabhIta rakhane ke lie nahI hai / mauta se bhayabhIta hue vyakti ke hRdaya se karma ke prati bhAvanA kI zuddhatA samApta ho jAtI hai / yadi vyakti mRtyu kI cetanA dvArA svakendrita hokara adhikAdhika sukha bhoga kA prayatna karatA hai, aisI sthiti me jaba vyakti jIvana me lipta hone lagatA hai taba mRtyu kA Agamana usake lie bahuta kaSTamaya pratIta hotA hai / apane svArtha ke lie jIne vAlA vyakti apanI kAmanAo aura unase cipaTA rahatA hai / jainendra ke anusAra jo vyakti nirbhIka hokara karma karate hai, mRtyu kA bhaya unakI sadvRtti me bAdhaka nahI banatA / ve na to mRtyu kI ora AkarSita hote hai aura mauta ke Ane para usakA saharSa AliMgana karate hai / unhe yama kA sparza varadAna ke sadRzya pratIta hotA hai / prapanI jIrNatA ko mRtyu ke dvArA puna navInatA me parivartita karane 136 khinna nahI hote, kyoki ve vaha mAnate hai ki mRtyu ke anantara bhI jIvana kA krama calegA / ataeva jIvana sArthakatA aura sApekSika pUrNatA ke hetu mRtyu me virAma anivArya hai / " mauta na ho to jIvana svaya me rukAvaTa pratIta hone lagegA | jainendra ke anusAra mauta ke dvArA vyakti ke jIvana ko rAstA milatA 1 ' darzana kI rAha " zIrSaka kahAnI me jainendra ne jIvana aura mRtyu ke gahana satya ko udghATita kiyA hai| jIvana aura mRtyu ke aise kaThora satya ko dekhakara vyakti sahasA stambhita ho jAtA hai / jIvana me zarIra ko atyadhika mahatva dene tathA bhoga-vilAsa kA sAdhana samajhane vAlA vyakti mauta ke dvArA 'padArtha' bana jAtA hai, kintu Azcarya yaha hai ki usakI padArthatA ko dekhakara bhI zeSa vyakti satyatA kI ora unmukha hone se bacAva karate hai / gADI se kucalA huA adhamarA vyakti mRtaka me padArthavat uThAkara DAla diyA jAtA hai aura zeSa darzaka gADI ke leTa hone kI cintA me hI vyasta rahate hai / isa ghaTanA ko lekara lekhaka ne eka aise vyakti ke jIvana kI ghaTanA kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo aise hRdaya - vidAraka dRzya ko dekhakara bhI apanI navavivAhitA patnI ke sAtha bhoga-vilAsa me DUba jAnA cAhatA hai, kintu AdarzavAdinI patnI apanI AtmahatyA ke dvArA 1 'jIvana kA kucha artha hI nahI agara mauta usake Age phulasTApa kI taraha baiTha jAe / isalie mRtyu sthAI vastu nahI hai / ' -- jainendra kI kahAniyA, pR0 68 ( bhaya-mauta kI kahAnI ) 2 jainendrakumAra 'jainendra kI kahAniyA', pR0 104 /

Page #145
140 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana pati kI Akha kholane meM samartha hotI hai aura usakA pati anta me yaha svIkAra karatA hai--ki 'mRtyu ke dvAra me se hI satya ko prApta karanA hogaa|' 'jInAmaranA' zIrSaka kahAnI me bhI isI tathya kI satyatA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai ki mRtyu ke bAda zava kI kyA sthiti hotI hai / lekhaka ne aisI sthiti kA citraNa kiyA hai jo marma ko jhakajhora dene meM sahAyaka hotI hai| aspatAla meM garmI me lAze adhika ho jAne ke kAraNa bAksa me bhara die jAte hai, AlamArI bhI isI kArya ke hetu prayukta hotI hai / 'bhara diye jAte hai' sunakara sahasA zarIra kApa uThatA hai, kintu satya yahI hai / yaha jainendra ke antas kI gahanatA kA hI paricAyaka hai ki unhone jIvana ke aise yathArtha satyo ko spaSTata abhivyakti pradAna kI hai| eka ora jIvana kI ragareliyA dUsarI aura mauta kA kara satya'", * dono ke madhya vyakti mana sthitiyo ko vyakta karate hue jainendra ne batAyA hai ki vyakti mauta kI satyatA kI cAhe kitanI hI upekSA kare, kintu vaha sadaiva jIvana ke samakSa eka vyagya-cinha-sI dRSTigata hotI hai| 'tolae' zIrSaka kahAnI me bhI jainendra ne jIvana aura mRtyu ke gambhIra satya kA vivecana kiyA hai| mRtyu kI ora pahucatA huA vyakti jIvita vyaktiyo ke ke lie arthazUnya ho jAtA hai / jIvana me usakI upayogitA samApta ho jAtI hai| mAnava jIvana me vahI vastu yaha vyakti grAhya hai, jo ki upayogI hai-anyathA prANayukta vyakti bhI tuccha padArtha kI bhAti isa lIlA kA anta karane ke lie vivaza hotA hai, kyoki marane vAle ko maranA to hai hI, parantu usake kAraNa gandagI bhI phailatI hai aura usakI dina-rAta kI kho-kho bhI parezAna karatI hai| isa kahAnI me bhI lekhaka ne klaba ke bhoga-vilAsamaya jIvana ke samAnAntara mauta kI satyatA kA citraNa kiyA hai / unake anusAra 'maranA jIvana ko rAha detA hai| hama kahI bana gaye hote hai / kAma A cuke hote hai| sasAra me kucha mlh sm 1 jainendra kI kahAniyA (darzana kI rAha), bhAga 7, tR0 sa0 118, 1663 / jainendrakumAra jainendra kI kahAniyA' bhAga 10, 'jInA-maranA' pra0 136 / 3 'vaha gussA sirpha isa para thA ki mauta hai| mAno vaha jindagI ke Age vyaga cinha hai / usako sAmane rakhakara jiyA kaise jAe ? para hamezA pITha pIche bhI use kaise jiyA jaay| -jainendrakumAra jainendra kI kahAniyA', pR0 132 / 4 jainendrakumAra 'jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 7, 1963, dillI, pR0 116 / 5 'jaise eka dina hokara aura kucha dina rahakara hama bisara jAte hai ki yaha honA rahanA kAla kA hI khela thA usa khela ke lie aba hamArA na honA sagata ho gayA hai|' --jainendrakumAra 'itastata', pR0 106 /

Page #146
jainendra kI dRSTi meM bhAgya, dharma-paramparA eva mRtyu 141 dina rahakara vyakti kI mRtyu anivArya ho jAtI hai / isa prakAra jainendra ne uparokta kahAnI dvArA isa tathya ko pramANita kiyA hai ki mRtyu anivArya hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me unakI mRtyu sambandhI vivecanA do rUpo me abhivyakta huI hai / eka svIkArAtmaka tathA dUsarA niSedhAtmaka | jainendra kA vizvAsa hai vyakti kA AkarSaNa jisa prora hotA hai, usakI viparIta dizA meM hI vaha bhAgatA hai / yaha eka manovaijJAnika satya hai jisakI satyatA vyAvahArika jIvana me spaSTata dRSTigata hotI hai / mRtyu ke dvAra se amaratva jainendra ke anusAra zahIda tathA paramArtha kI ora unmukha rahane vAle vyakti ko mauta kI koI cintA nahI hotI / vaha apane kartavya me itanA lIna rahatA hai| ki usake samakakSa nirarthaka siddha hotA hai / jainendra ke upanyAsa aura kahAniyo me jIvana kI Ahuti dene vAle pAtra saharSa mRtyu kA AliMgana karate hai, kintu mauta ke lie utsuka nahI hote / unakI dRSTi me 'mauta' aisI tuccha vastu hai, ki usakA cAhanA lajjAspada hai / cAhane ko mere pAsa baDI vastu hai / "phAsI" me zamazera mauta ke prAcala me muha chipAkara jIvana sagharSa se bacanA nahI cAhatA, kintu jaba mauta ke dvArA hI paramArtha sambhava ho rahA hai to vaha usakI upekSA bhI nahI karatA / yahI jainendra ke sAhitya kA abhISTa hai / unake anusAra jIvana kI sArthakatA mauta ke sambandha me vicAra karane se adhika use sAmane lene hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me vyakti mara kara amaratva prApta karane meM AsthA rakhatA hai / mRtyu para koI vijaya nahI prApta kara sakatA, kintu marakara vyakti sahaja hI amara ho jAtA hai / jIvana aura mRtyu ke bIca jaise rekhA unake lie huI hI nahI / ' ' kahAnI kI kahAnI' me lekhaka ne gAdhI jI kI mauta dvArA unakI 1 merI mauta me duniyA kI artha siddhi hai, merI bhI paramArtha siddhi hai / vizva, kA artha siddha karane vyakti kI mauta AtI hai / paramAtmA use bhejatA hai / vyakti kyo na use sAtha le ora Age baDhe / ' jainendra 'pratinidhi kahAniyA', sampAdaka- zivanandanaprasAda, pra0 sa0, pR0 24 / 2 'mauta ko sAmane lo'-' -'jainendra kI kahAniyA', (darzana kI rAha ), pR0134 / 3. jainendrakumAra 'anatara', pR0 47 / *

Page #147
142 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana amaratA kI ora igita kiyA hai / jainendra ke anusAra jIvana kI pUrNatA mauta me bhI jIvana kI jhalaka dekhane para hI sambhava hotI hai|' mRtyu kA bhaya ___ jainendra ke sAhitya me jaba hama mauta ke niSedhAtmaka pakSa kA avalokana karate hai to hame unakI kaI kahAniyo me unake pAtro ke mana me avasthita mauta ke bhaya kA saketa milatA hai / 'mauta kI kahAnI' isa dRSTi se bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa hai| isa kahAnI me lekhaka ne mauta ke pUrva utpanna hone vAle bhaya kA baDA hI svAbhAvika aura jijJAsApUrNa citraNa kiyA hai| tambAkU na khAne vAlA vyakti anajAne me tamAkhU khA letA hai, usakI jo pratikriyA hotI hai, usase vaha svaya ko zata-pratizata mRtyu ke nikaTa AyA huA hI anubhava karatA hai / vaha yaha nahI jAnatA ki usakI samasta vikRta ceSTAo kA kAraNa tambAkU kA nazA hai| aisI sthiti me usake dvArA jo bhAvAbhivyakti hotI hai, usase usake hRdaya me sthita mRtyu ke bhaya se sambaddha vicAro kA pUrNa paricaya milatA hai / jainendra ke anusAra 'mauta kaisI hotI hai koI nahI jaantaa|3 _ 'mauta kI kahAnI' me yama ke bhayAvaha rUpa para prakAza DAlate hue spaSTa kiyA hai ki 'yama nAma kA deva hai, sacamuca baDA DarAvanA hai| vAstava meM vaha kisI astra-zastra se AdamI ko nahI mAratA, dara asala vaha mAratA hI nahI hai, AdamI use dekhakara Dara ke mAre svaya hI mara jAtA hai| 'patnI' zIrSaka kahAnI me bhI lekhaka ne mRtyu ke bhaya para prakAza DAlate hue batAyA hai ki pratyeka vyakti isa satya se avagata hotA hai ki use eka-na-eka dina maranA avazya hai, kintu mRtyu kI kalpanA hI use bhayabhIta kara detI hai| vyakti ke antarnihita mAra ne hI yama ke 1 'jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 8, pR0 sa0 52 / 2 'jo pUrA jItA hai vaha mauta me bhI jIvana dekha sakatA hai| vahI jisake pAsa jIne ke lie kucha hai aura vahI marane ke lie hai|' -jainendra kI kahAniyA, bhAga 2, pR0 45 / 3 jainendra kI kahAniyA (mauta kI kahAnI), pR0 68 / 4 jainendra kI kahAniyA (mauta kI kahAnI), pR0 68 / 5 'yadyapi vaha jAnatI hai ki maranA saba ko hai-usako maranA hai-usake pati ko maranA hai para usa tarapha bhUla se chata para dekhatI hai to bhaya se mara jAtI hai|' -jainendra kI kahAniyA /

Page #148
jainendra kI dRSTi se bhAgya, karma-paramparA eva mRtyu 143 rUpa kI kalpanA ko bhayakara aura vikarAla banA diyA hai / ' anyathA yamarAja to vyakti kI vipadAo se mukti dilAne me hI sahAyaka hai / mauta ke sambandha me atyadhika satarkatA rakhane tathA usa sambandha me adhika upadezAdi dene se mauta kI uttIrNatA nahI vyakta hotI varan mauta kA mana hI pratIta hotA hai / " jainendra ke anusAra 'usakA ( mauta kA ) zrAkarSaNa hai to samajho usakA bhaya hai / ' jaba vyakti vairAgya kA bahuta adhika upadeza detA hai aura mana kI saccAI ko vyakta karanA cAhatA hai, taba usake mana me nizcaya hI koI avazya chipA hotA hai / aura vaha bhoga se bhoga kI ora hI unmukha honA cAhatA hai / yAna 'mauta para" kahAnI me mauta ke astitva aura usakI satyatA para lambA pravacana diyA gayA hai, kintu anta me vahI pravaktA apanI bhAvanAo ko niyaMtrita nahI kara pAtA aura atata bhogonmukha hI hotA hai / " mauta se bacane aura Darane vAlA vyakti sadaiva jIvana se cipaTA rahatA hai / 'jayavardhana' me jainendra ne batAyA hai ki 'mauta ko satat bhItara lekara jInA asala jInA hai / yaha jInA mara kara hotA hai / " 'jainendra - sAhitya kA pramukha Adarza tyAga aura paramArtha me hI phalita hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki unhone 'jayavardhana' me dvija se saya vyakti ke balidAna kI bhasma se phUTane vAle jIvana ko hI saccA jIvana mAnA hai / unakI dRSTi me jIvana pakaDane me nahI choDane me hai, bhoga me nahI yajJa me hai / " jaba vyakti kI vAsanA sAsArika bhogo me lagI hotI hai, tabhI vaha mauta se citita pratIta hotA hai / jainendra ke uparokta vicAro meM unakI dArzanikatA kI spaSTata jhalaka milatI hai / darzana koI viziSTa prakriyA nahI hai / darzana jIvana ke vividha zAzvata satyoM ko gaharAI se dekhane kI antadRSTi hai / jainendra ne janma-mRtyu ke AdhyAtmika 1 'yama kA rUpa vikarAla hai kyoki vaha hamAre hI bhaya kA rUpa hai / kalpanA kI vikRti hai vastuta vidhAtA kI ora ke ye jo yamarAja hai vahI to dharmarAja hai / ' - jainendra kumAra ' itastata', pR0 106 / 2. ' mauta se ghabaDAnA mauta bulAnA hai' -- jainendrakumAra 'sAhitya kA zreya aura preya' pR0 238 / 3 jainendra kI kahAniyA, bhAga 8, pR0 176 / 4. jainendrakumAra 'jayavardhana' pR0 11 / 5. jainendrakumAra ' jayavardhana' pR0 11 /

Page #149
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana tathA vyAvahArika pahalU ko bahuta hI vyApaka aura sUkSmadRSTi se vivecita kiyA hai| samasta vicAro ke mUla me unakI IzvarIya AsthA kI spaSTata jhalaka milatI hai / unake sAhitya me abhivyakta tyAga, bhoga Adi bhAvo ke mUla me unakA pAramArthika dRSTikoNa hI lakSita hotA hai / jainendra isa satya se pUrNata avagata hai ki mRtyu ke Ane para vyakti kA sarvasva yahI rakhA raha jAyagA aura vaha bhI apanI majila para pahuca jAyagA / jIvana ke sAre rizte nAte tathA samasta sampadA mauta ke Ane para vyartha ho jaaygii| jainendra ke anusAra satya kI prApti jIvana se pAra jAne me hI sambhava ho sakatI hai| jIvana ke pAra jAne kA ekamAtra yAna mRtyu hI hai / mRtyu me vyakti kA aha ni zeSa ho jAtA hai / 'upalabdhi' me lekhaka ne isa tathya para prakAza DAlate hue batAyA hai ki vyakti ke aha kA svarUpa namaka kI DalI ke sadRzya hai| namaka kI DalI yadi samudra meM DAla dI jAya to vaha usI me samAkara astitva zUnya (ahazUnya) ho jAtI hai, isI prakAra vyakti kA aha mauta ke dvArA virATa me lIna ho jAtA hai / vyakti zUnya me samA jAtA hai / isa prakAra nizcaya hI mauta yama kA krUra AghAta na hokara Izvara kI kRpA hI hai, jisake dvArA vyakti apanI nijatA ko choDakara samaSTi kA bana jAtA hai| anyatra unhone yaha bhI svIkAra kiyA hai ki jIvana kI ulajhana me mauta samApti kI bhAti Akara acchA hI karatI hai| jainendra ke pAtro ko mauta ke adhere me paramezvara ke darzana hote hai| manuSya ke pAsa sabase baDA satya yahI hai ki Izvara hai aura vaha ( vyakti ) nahIM hai| isa satyatA kI puSTi mauta me hI hotI hai, isIlie mauta satya hai| 1 ka) 'eka dina mauta AegI aura saba raha jaaegaa|' --jainendra kI kahAniyA, pR0 167 / kha) 'manuSya kA nizcaya mauta nAma kI vastu ke Ane para rakhA hI raha jAtA hai|' --jainendrakumAra 'sunItA', pR0 32 / 2 a) jainendra kI kahAniyA, bhAga 3 (upalabdhi), pR0 157 / ba) jainendra kI kahAniyA 'mauta jise kahate hai jAna gayA hai vaha terA hI hAtha hai / o chaliyA tU adherA banakara isI se AtA hai tAki Akhe tujhe na phcaane|' pR0 158 / sa) jainendra kI kahAniyA, pR0 126 / 'maiM nahI hai kyoki zUnya hai aura maiM zUnya hU / maiM kucha nahI hU yaha anubhUti hI merA saba kucha hai / '

Page #150
pariccheda-5 jainendra ke ahaM sambandhI vicAra jainendra ke sAhitya meM graha kI sthiti ___ jainendra-sAhitya kI AtmA athavA usakA mUla svara unake aha sambandhI vicAro me hI mukharita huA hai / jainendra ke sampUrNa sAhitya me ahabhAva vibhinna sandarbho me vyApta hai| aha hI vaha bindu hai, jisase unakI samasta sAhityaracanA prasphuTita hotI hai| jainendra kA sAhitya vastu-jagata ke Avega aura pradarzana se abhipreta na hokara atas kI vyathA se hI anuprANita hai / antarvedanA hI vaha mUla strota hai, jahA se unakI sampUrNa sAhitya-saritA pravAhita hotI hai / vyathA antarmukhI hai, kintu usakI abhivyakti kA AdhAra vyakti kI ahatA hI hai| aha arthAt mai ke astitva dvArA hI ata dhArA bahirgata ho sakatI hai| vastuta aha Atmajagata aura vastujagata ke madhya dvAra ke sadRzya hai / jainendra ne aha ko dvAra mAtra hI mAnA hai|' dvAra kA kArya Atarika aura bAhya jagata me sAmajasya sthApita karanA hI hai / dvAra svaya me kisI jagata kA pratinidhi nahI bana sakatA, yahI dhAraNA jainendra ke aha sambandhI vicAro kA AdhAra hai| unake sAhitya kA preraka tatva acetana mana (anakAnzasa mAiNDa) nahI hai, varan atas vyathA hai| yahI jainendra kI aha sambandhI vicAra kA mahatvapUrNa aga hai, jo unake sAhitya me vibhinna pariprekSo me abhivyakta huA hai| mAnava-zarIra aura AtmA kA antara 1 jainendrakumAra * 'samaya aura hama', pra0 sa0, 1962, dillI, pR0 6 / 'aha nijatA aura vizvatA ke bIca dvAra'

Page #151
146 jainendra kA jIvana-dazana aura bAhya jagata kI samaSTi hai / pIDA aha arthAt vyakti kI sApekSatA me hI sambhava ho sakatI hai| jainendra kI graha sambandhI vicAradhArA unake gahana cintana aura manana kA pariNAma hai| unakA cintana aura manana zAstrIya jJAna para avalambita na hokara svAnubhava para hI AdhArita hai| prAtmaniSTha hone ke kAraNa jainendra svAnubhava ko hI apane vicAro kI abhivyakti kA AdhAra mAnate hai| unhone apane vicAro ke vizleSaNa ke lie bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya darzana-zAstra athavA manovijJAna kA manthana nahI kiyA hai| vyaktigata jIvana ke Asa-pAsa ke vAtAvaraNa ke sUkSma adhyayana aura antazcetanA ke AdhAra para hI unhone apane vicAro kI pratiSThApanA kI hai| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki vicAro kI puSTi athavA prAmANikatA ke hetu unhone kisI viziSTa dArzanika paramparA ko nahI apanAyA tathApi saskAravaza svAbhAvika rUpa se hI una para vibhinna pAzcAtya tathA pUrvAtya dArzanika vicAro kI jhalaka spaSTata dRSTigata hotI hai / vyakti svaya ko paramparA aura pariveza se pUrNata mukta nahI kara sakatA, tathApi vaha usa paramparA me apanI maulika sUjha-bUjha kI sthApanA ke hetu pUrNata svatantra hai| vastuta jainendra ke vicAro para anAyAsa hI bhAratIya advaita vedAta aura sAkhyadarzana tathA katipaya pAzcAtya dArzaniko kI chAyA parilakSita hotI hai / jainendra ne Atmagata jIvana se pare rAjanaitika, sAmAjika, dhArmika, Arthika Adi vibhinna kSetro me aha kI vivecanA kI hai| jainendra ke vicArAtmaka nibandha tathA praznottara rUpa me sagrahIta vicAra unake AdhyAtmika cintana kA pUrNa pratinidhitva karate hai / 'samaya aura hama' pustaka me unhone aha kA AdhyAtmika aura manovaijJAnika rUpa prastuta kiyA hai| unake upanyAsa aura kahAniyA bhI aha sambandhI vicAro kI vyAvahArikatA ko prastuta karane meM sahAyaka hai| aha kA svIkArAtmaka arthAt astitvabodhaka rUpa aura usakA niSedhAtmaka arthAt ahakAra sUcaka rUpa jainendra ke upanyAsa aura vizeSata kahAniyo me parilakSita hotA hai / 'samaya aura hama' me praznakartA ne upodghAta me jainendra ke jIvana-darzana ko cAra bhAgo me vibhAjita karake unakI vivecanA kI hai / cAro vibhAgo me parokSa athavA aparokSa rUpa se unake aha sambandhI vicAra vyApta hai / aha hI vaha sUtra hai jo jIvana kI vividhatA me vyApta hokara bhI ekatA kI prApti kI ora prayatnazIla hai / jIva brahma se tAdAtmya, ahatA aura AtmatA tathA parasparatA aura ahisA sambandhI dRSTikoNa me jainendra kI aha dRSTi hI anuprANita hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me aha kI vizad vivecanA ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue usake svarUpa ko jAnanA anivArya hai / sarvaprathama prazna uThatA

Page #152
jainendra ke graha sambandhI vicAra 147 hai ki jainendra kI dRSTi meM aha kyA hai tathA unhone aha ko kina artho me svIkAra kiyA hai aura unakI vicAradhArA paramparAgata dArzanika aura manovaijJAnika vicAradhArA se kahA taka svatantra athavA prabhAvita hai ? jainendra ke sAhitya me sAmAnyata 'aha' zabda sandarbha sApekSatA me vibhinna arthoM meM prayukta huA hai| aha kA mUla bhAva vyakti ke 'mai' bhAva se sambandhita hai| 'mai' astitva bodhaka hai| samasta sRSTi ekamAtra 'mai' ke astitva para hI nirbhara hai / 'mai' cetanA yukta hai / cetana zakti ke kAraNa hI vyakti ko apane astitva kA bodha hotA hai / cetanA ke abhAva me 'mai' kA astitva arthahIna siddha hogaa| jaDa vastuo kA astitva bhI cetana jIva ke aha-bodha dvArA hI grAhya ho sakatA hai / jainendra ne aha ko do viziSTa artho me svIkAra kiyA haipahalA astitvabodhaka, dUsarA ahakAra sUcaka / prathama artha me sRSTi-vistAra kA bodha hotA hai tathA dvitIya artha me vinAza sUcaka hai / jainendra sAhitya me aha ke ina do rUpo ko bahuta hI vyApaka rUpa se maulikatA kA puTa dekara vivecita kiyA gayA hai / aha kA artha : bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya darzana bhAratIya darzana tathA manovijJAna me aha se samAnArthI vibhinna zabdo kA prayoga prApta hotA hai / darzana zAstra me 'sva' tathA Atmatatva aura manovijJAna me igo ke rUpa me aha zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / phrAyaDa manovijJAna ko choDakara sAmAnyata sva aura igo dono hI ahabodhaka hai / sva mai kA paryAya hai tathApi mai astitvabodhaka hai aura sva AtmatA kA sUcaka hai / isI prakAra sImita mai athavA aha bhAva ahakAra sUcaka hai / igo dvArA vyakti kI AtmatA se merI adhika usakI mAnasika saracanA kA bodha hotA hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se vyakti kA mastiSka cetana, avacetana tathA acetana staro me vibhAjita hai| 'Igo' vyakti ke acetana mana kI abhivyakti kA sAdhana hai / vaha cetana mana se sambandhita hai| uparokta dArzanika aura manovaijJAnika dRSTikoNo me bhinnatA lakSita hotI hai / darzana vyakti ke 'sva' ko lekara calatA hai / usake vivecana kA AdhAra vyakti kA Atmatatva hai / manovijJAna me vyakti kI AtmatA se itara mAnasikatA ko vizeSa prazraya prApta huA hai / eka kA vivecana adhyAtmaparaka (meTAphijikala) hai, dUsare kA vastuparaka (meTIriyalisTika), jainendra kA sAhitya adhyAtma aura bhautikatA kI samaSTi hai| isalie unake sAhitya me darzana aura manovijJAna kA sAmajasya honA svAbhAvika hai|

Page #153
148 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana 'aha' zabda kI sAmAnya vivecanA karane para prazna uThatA hai ki 'aha' mAtra zarIra bodhaka hai athavA mana se sambaddha hai yA vyakti kI sampUrNatA se sambandhita hai / sAmAnyata 'aha' bhAvabodhaka hai, kintu ahabhAva zarIra kI sApekSatA me hI sambhava ho sakatA hai| zarIra ke abhAva me aha-cetanA kA prazna hI nahI utthtaa| ataeva aha bhAva ke lie zarIra ke sAtha cetanA anivArya hai / kintu zarIra aura cetanA (kAnzesanaisa) svaya me prANa tatva (AtmA) ke abhAva me paryApta nahI hai / aAtmahIna zarIra me cetanA avidyamAna rahatI hai / jainendra ke anusAra zava ke netro me bhI bimba banate hai, kintu use usakA bodha nahI hotA hai|' ataeva 'aha' kA pUrNa aura vAstavika jJAna samagratA me hI sambhava ho sakatA hai / isa sambandha me vicArako ne vibhinna dRSTikoNa prastuta kiye hai / pAzcAtya darzana pAzcAtya dArzaniko ne aha athavA selpha ke sambandha meM vibhinna dRSTikoNa prastuta kie hai / zrImatI rAya ne apane zodha-prabandha me pAzcAtya dArzaniko ke vicAro kI pUrNa vivecanA kI hai| arastU ne aha ko pAramArthika tatva ke rUpa me svIkAra kiyA hai| yaha tatva zarIra meM rahate hue bhI usase asambaddha rahatA hai| DekArTa ne sarvaprathama isa tarka kI hI puSTi kI hai ki 'sva' athavA 'mai' kA astitva hai yA nahI, kyoki pAzcAtya dArzaniko me prAya aha ke astitva ke sambandha me sandeha utpanna hotA rahA hai| DekArTa mahodaya ne sva ko vicAraka ke rUpa me svIkAra kiyA hai / usake anusAra 'mai vicAra karatA hU~ isalie maiM haiN|' isa prakAra unhone aha ko cintanazIla tatva ke rUpa me svIkAra kiyA hai / lAka ne 'sva' ko pratyaya ke AdhAra para svIkAra kiyA hai| DekArTa kA cintanazIla 'sva' buddhiparaka hai, usame tarka ke dvArA 'mai' kI siddhi kI gayI hai, kintu jainendra kA aha athavA mai adhyAtmaparaka hai tathA lAka kA pratyayavAdI dRSTikoNa 'aha kI AtmatA ko siddha karane meM asamartha hotA hai / jainendra ke vicAro para prasiddha dArzanika varkale ke vicAro kI jhalaka dekhI jA sakatI hai| jainendra ne 'aha' ko aza ke rUpa me svIkAra kiyA hai ataeva vaha AtmatA se nirapekSa pUrNata vastusatya nahIM bana sakatA / isa prakAra vaha anubhavavAdI vicAra-dhArA ke AdhAra para hI siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| varkale ke anusAra bhI pratyaya ke rUpa meM aha kI 1 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', 2 kamalArAya 'kAnsepTa Apha selpha', pra0 sa0, kalakattA, 1966, pR0 sa0 8 /

Page #154
jainendra ke graha sambandhI vicAra 146 kalpanA nahI kI jA sakatI / pratyayo kA koI kAraNa avazya hai aura vaha hai 'aha' ( mAiselpha) jIva (sola) yA 'AtmA' (spiriTa ) AtmA kA jJAna pratyayo ke rUpa me nahI ho sakatA, kyoki prathama jaDavata hai aura AtmA cetana tathA sakriya hai / antata varkale ne AtmA athavA graha ke astitva ko antarbodha ( nozana) ke AdhAra para siddha kiyA hai / isa prakAra varkale ke adhyAtmavAdI vicAro se jainendra me sAmya pratIta hotA hai / jainendra ke vicAro para bhI AdhyAtmikatA kI pUrNa chApa dRSTigata hotI hai / jainendra aura varkale ke vicAro ke mUla meM sAmya hai, vaha varkale ke vicAro kI prAdhyAtmikatA ke kAraNa hI sambhava hai / vastuta jainendra ke graha sambandhI vicAro para varkale kA hI prazika prabhAva lakSita hotA hai / sArAzata jainendra ke sAhitya kA vivecana karate hue hama unake vicAro ko pUrNarUpa se kisI bhI pAzcAtya dArzanika ke nikaTastha nahI rakha sakate / bhAratIya darzana bhAratIya darzana kI paramparA me jainendra ke vicAro ko mukhyata advaita vedAnta, sAkhya darzana aura jaina darzana ke saMbadha me vivecita kiyA jA sakatA hai| zakara ke Atma sabadhI vicAro kI chApa jainendra ke vicAro para spaSTata parilakSita hotI hai| zakara ke anusAra 'Atmatatva', 'paramatatva' abhinna hai| AtmA kA svarUpa hai, AtmA-paramAtmA me jo bheda dRSTigata hotA hai, vaha ajJAna tathA bhrama ke kAraNa hI pratIta hotA hai / anyathA dono eka hai| zakara ne pAramArthika satya se pare vyAvahArika dRSTi ke AdhAra para 'jIvAtmA' ko bAhya jagata kA bhoktA svIkAra kiyA hai| zakara kI pAramArthika dRSTi advaitavAdI hone ke kAraNa AtmA ko anekatA kA hetu nahI mAnatI / jagata me vyApta anekatA kA kAraNa mAyA hai jo jIva me AtmA aura brahma kI ekatA ko sthApita karane meM asamartha hai| zakara ke anusAra prajJAna kA adhakAra dUra ho jAne para AtmA aura brahma kI advaitatA kA bodha ho jAtA hai / jagata mithyA hai, ataeva anekatA bhI asatya hai| ekatA kI prApti hI jIvana kA parama lakSya hai / jainendra-sAhitya para advaita vedAnta kA bahuta adhika prabhAva dRSTigata hotA hai / jainendra sAhitya me jIvana ke 1. kamalArAya 'kAnsepTa grApha selpha', pR0 15 / 2. ' eka sat aura viprA bahudhA vadati / - ' eka aneka vaha aura mai / ' -- jainendra 'anantara', pR0 sa0 85 / 3 DA0 rAdhAkRSNan 'iNDiyana philAsaphI', pR0 sa0483 /

Page #155
150 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana pratyeka kSetra me anekatA se Upara uThakara ekatA kI ora unmukha hone kI ceSTA parilakSita hotI hai| zakara ke anusAra 'dvaita' tathA anekatA avidyA kA hetu hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me jagata mithyA nahI hai / sasAra indriya gamya hai ataeva zarIragata ahatA bhI bhrama nahI hai / jainendra Atmagata ekatA ko svIkAra karate hue bhI vastugata anekatA ko anivArya mAnate hai / jainendra ke anusAra jIvAtmA vyakti ke hone kI dyotaka hai / ahatA ke mAdhyama se hI advaita satya kA bodha ho sakatA hai / antata jainendra ke sAhitya me advaitavAdI Atmagata ekatA hI mUlata svIkArya hai| bhinnatA vastugata hai, kintu ekatA Atmagata hai / saba prANiyo ke antas me eka hI prAtmA kA nivAsa hai| isa prakAra mUlata saba eka hai| jainendra ne apane sAhitya me ekatA kI prApti kI ora vizeSata nirdiSTa kiyA hai / jainendra kI dhAraNA vyAvahArika dRSTi se bahuta hI upayukta tathA mahatvapUrNa hai / sAmAnya vyakti AdhyAtmika jJAna se anabhijJa hotA hai / AtmA aura brahma kI ekatA kA darzana use tAtvika-viSaya pratIta hotA hai| jainendra ne tatva me bhAva kA samAveza karake apane vicAro ko vyAvahArika banA diyA hai| zakara ne prAtmA ko aha se itara mAnA hai / unakI dRSTi me sAmAnya rUpa se hama jisa aha (mai) kI parikalpanA astitva-bodha ke rUpa meM karate hai, use jIvAtmA ke rUpa me hI samajhA jA sakatA hai / vastuta jainendra kA ahatA aura zakara kI jIvAtmA samAnArthI hai / jIvAtmA zarIragata cetanA se tadgata hai / ahatA athavA mai aura jIvAtmA ko zakara ne zUnya (nigeTiva) rUpa me svIkAra kiyA hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me ahatA (mai) sasAra ke tyAga dvArA nahI, varan prema aura samarpaNa bhAva dvArA hI satya kA bodha prApta kara sakatI hai| yahI jainendra aura zakara kI dRSTi me mUla meda hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me aha ke pArthakya ko sAsArika kriyA-kalApa ke hetu anivArya mAnA gayA hai, kintu mUla tatva samarpaNa kI bhAvanA me hI samAhita hai| 'mai' 'para' paraspara prema ke dvArA isa prakAra ekatva ko prApta kara lete hai ki unake madhya dvaita bhAva miTa jAtA hai / 'sva' aura 'para' zUnyavat hokara paramAtmonmukha ho jAte hai| brahma kI prApti Atmonmukha hokara hI sambhava hai / jainendra ke sAhitya 1 DA0 rAdhAkRSNan 'iNDiyana philAsaphI', vailyUma 2, AThavA saskaraNa, landana, 1658, pR0 sa0 480 / 'asmi aura asta ke isa khicAva ke bIca yaha hamArI saba sabhavatA hai| usI me se AtA hai puruSa kA puruSArtha / yA to asmi asti me DUba jAe yA asti asmi me bharapUra ho jaae|' ---jainendrakumAra 'anantara', pR0 85 /

Page #156
jainendra ke aha sambandhI vicAra 151 me zunyatA bhAva rUpa me svIkRta kI gaI hai, astitva ke niSedhAtmaka rUpa me nhii| zakara ne aha ko Atmagata satya (sabjekTiva) ke rUpa me svIkAra kiyA hai| unhone vastugata (AbjekTiva) sattA kA niSedha kiyA hai / sAkhya darzana me ahagata anekatA ko satya rUpa me svIkAra kiyA hai / DA0 rAdhAkRSNana ne 'iDiyana philAsaphI' me sAkhya darzana kI anekatA kI ora nirdiSTa kiyA hai| unake anusAra sAkhya darzana me jIvAtmAno ke anekatva ke lie koI vivAda nahI hai|' sAkhya darzana me prakRti aura puruSa do pRthak tatva hai / puruSa bhovatA hai aura prakRti bhojya hai| puruSa ko hI Atma (selpha) rUpa me svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / puruSa kI sthiti prakRti se pUrNata svatantra hai / puruSa arthAt prAtmA zarIra se tadgata nahIM hai|' puruSa svaya prakAzya hai / puruSa Antarika viSaya hai aura prakRti vastu hai| puruSa ke Atmatva tathA jIva ke aha bhAva me antara hai / ahakAra se yukta puruSa hI jIva (aha, mai) hai / vAstavika AtmA jIva se pare aura Antarika hai / vastuta jainendra kI Atmagata ekatA sAkhya ke puruSa kI samAnArthI hI hai| ____ viziSTAdvaitavAdI rAmAnuja ke anusAra 'aha buddhi" ke jAgrata hone para hI ahatA (sva) kA bodha hotA hai / sAkhya darzana kI anekatA jainendra ke ahabhAva kI puSTi karatI hai tathA puruSa kA nirapekSa rUpa bhI jainendra kI AtmatA ke samakakSa hai, kintu sAkhya darzana kI anIzvaravAdI vicAradhArA jainendra kI AstikatA se sagata pratIta nahI hotI / jainendra ne prakRti ko ahayukta mAnA hai isa dRSTi se hI kevala unhe sAkhya darzana ke samparka me samajhA jA sakatA hai| sAkhya darzana me anekatA para prazraya diyA gayA hai / jainendra ne anekatA ko svIkAra 1 DA0 rAdhAkRSNan 'iNDiyana philAsaphI', pR0 281-282 / 2 DA0 rAdhAkRSNan 'iNDiyana philAsaphI', pR0 285 / 3 kamalArAya 'kAnsepTa Apha selpha', pR0 181 / 4 kamalArAya 'da puruSa ija di eTaranala sabjekTa aiNDa prakRti ija di eTaranala AbjekTa', pa0 sa0181 / Vijnanabhiksu says that Purusa with ahamkara is the Jiva and not Purusa itself The Ego (Jiva is an item in the natural would while the Purusa is eternally one with itself The Empirical Ego is the mixture of free spirit and mechanism of Purusa and Prakrti.' 'Concept of Self' (p. 184) Aham budhi consciousness is the characteristic essence of the Individual "Concept of Self' (P 188)

Page #157
152 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana karate hue bhI use antima satya nahI mAnA hai / vastuta jainendra ke anusAra 'aha bhautika jagata kA eka anivArya satya hai / zAzvata satya AtmA tathA paramAtmA hai| sasAra kI sthiratA tathA sakriyatA ke hetu graha kA astitva anivArya hai| jainendra kI ahatA aza rUpa hote hue bhI brahma se pRthaka nahI hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me praha jainendra kI dRSTi me aha azatA athavA khaNDatA kA bodhaka hai| pUrNa athavA samagra aura akhaNDa ekamAtra 'bhagavat-bhAva' hai| aha me usa samagratA kA aza kama hai / vaha sasAra kI sApekSatA me hI pUrNatA prApta kara sakatA hai / pratyeka vyakti me apanA nijatva hotA hai, vahI usakA ahabhAva hai / isa prakAra aha sakhyAtIta hai / vahI jagata me anekatA kA hetu hai / mai tuma kA bheda anekatA ke kAraNa ho vikasita hotA hai / azarUpa aha akhaNDatA kI prApti ke hetu prayatnazIla rahatA hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me anekatA ke madhya ekatA ko sthApita karane ke hetu aha kI bhagavatonmukhatA ko anivArya rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| aha kA svarUpa jainendra ne zakara ke sadRzya jagata ko mithyA nahI mAnA aura na hI sAkhya kA nirIzvaravAdI dRSTikoNa hI apanAyA hai / jainendra ne mAnava jIvana kI samagra vivecanA kI hai / 'aha' kA astitva jagata ke astitva me hI sambhava ho sakatA hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me aha kI pArthakya aura astitvamUlaka arthavattA svIkAra karate hue yaha prazna uThatA hai ki aha kA svarUpa vastumaya (jaDa) hai athavA cetana ? pAzcAtya darzana me adhikAzata aha ko vastu (AbjekTa) rUpa me svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| lAibanIja Adi vicArako ke anusAra aha pratyayagata tathA jaDa hai| bhAratIya darzana me zakara ne hI viziSTa rUpa se aha ko AtmarUpa (sabjekTa) me svIkAra kiyA hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me aha ko kartA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| aha me bhAva hai jo 'para' se pArthakya ko igita karatA hai| sabjekTa aura AbjekTa kA pUrNa bheda spaSTa nahI ho sakatA, 1 jainendrakumAra 'jayavardhana', pra0 sa0, dillI, 1956, pra0 sa0 224 / 2 'astitva svaya me prazna nahI honA caahie| prazna hotA hai jaba astitva alaga hote hai / hama saba alaga hI hai| astitva kI jagaha hama astitva hai| isa asmi ke bhAva me asti se apanA antara DAlate hai|' -jainendrakumAra 'anantara', pR0 sa0 85 /

Page #158
jainendra ke aha sambandhI vicAra kyoki eka hI vastu sandarbha bheda ke kAraNa kartA hai aura kRtya bhI hai| pAzcAtya darzana kA vivecana karate hue zrI alabarI kAsTala mahodaya ne aha ke sabjekTiva aura AbjekTiva rUpa kI pUrNa vivecanA kI hai| jainendra ke sAhitya kA vivecana karate hue jJAta hotA hai ki aha cetanajIva athavA mAnava prANI me hI nahIM hotA, varan jaDa padArthoM me bhI ahatA vidyamAna hotI hai| peDa, paudhe, ITa, patthara Adi jaDa padArthoM meM bhI ahabhAva hotA hai, kyoki ve svaya me viziSTa hai| kintu jaDa vastu kI ahatA tathA cetana vyakti kI ahatA me antara hai| vyakti cetana prANI hai, usame Atmonmukha hone kI kSamatA hai / vaha prema, ghRNA Adi bhAvo se yukta tathA savedanazIla hai, kintu jaDa padArtha cetanA hIna hai| padArtha kI vastutA vyakti kI ahatA dvArA hI jJAta hotI hai| 'mai' ha ke sAtha hI merI sapatti bhI mai se sabaddha hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me prakRti ko pratIka rUpa me variNata karate hae use ahabhAvanA se yukta kiyA hai| 'tatsata kahAnI me 'maiM' 'tama' kA bheda vana ke vRkSo me aha bodha ko jAgrata kara detA hai| ve samaSTi rUpa me svaya ko nahIM samajha pAte / bAsa kA vRkSa kevala 'bAsa' hI hai vaha jagala nahI hai| isa prakAra unakI aha bhAvanA hI unhe samagra bodha se pare rakhatI hai / unake sAhitya me prakRti ahatA kA visarjana karate hue hI dRSTigata hotI hai| sUrya pRthvI ke AkarSaNa tathA virAT prakRti ke vinata samarpaNa me ahatA ke visarjana kA hI bhAva pradarzita hotA hai / jainendra ke anusAra jaDa cetana pratyeka me eka hI AtmA kA nivAsa hai| samasta sRSTi me eka parabrahma kI hI sattA vyApta hai / arastU ke anusAra jaDa, cetana, pazu Adi me bhinna prAtmAe nivAsa karatI hai| uparokta vicAro se itara jainendra ne aha ke sambandha me apanI maulika vicAradhArA prastuta kI hai / unhone aha ko 'krAsa pvAiNTa" ke rUpa me svIkAra kiyA hai| krAsa pvAiNTa se unakA tAtparya usa bindu se hai jisa bindu para kAla aura AkAza eka-dUsare ko kATate hai| kAla aura AkAza ananta hai, ve 1 'merI sampatti, merI cIja Adi vaha bhI apane Apa me ahazUnya hai| usame bhI sabjekTiviTI hai|'-jainendrkumaar jainendra ke vicAra', dillI, pR0 sa0 60 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'jainendra pratinidhi kahAniyA,' pR0 164 / 3 "Aristotle no doubt draws a line of distinction between the Plant soul, the animal soul and the human soul' ___Roy -'Concept of self'-(p 8) 4 jainendra kumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 sa0 528 /

Page #159
154 jainendra kA jovana-darzana pratyeka bindu para eka-dUsare ko kATate hai| ataeva aha bindu bhI ananta he / jainendra ke anusAra aha bindu kA brahmANDa se AkarSaNa aura apakarSaNa kA sabadha hI sambhava ho sakatA hai| jainendra kI uparokta mAnyatA tathya ko itanA sUkSma banA detI hai ki usakI pakaDa saralatA se sambhava nahI ho sktii|' jainendra ke anusAra kula astitva akhaNDa hai| kucha me jo khaDitatA kI pratIti AI he use hama do AyAmo me vibhakta dekhate hai kAla aura AkAza / kAla aura AkAza ke madhya cetanya bindu aha kA svarUpa letA hai / vaha una do yathArthoM ke mela athavA kATa kA hI bindu ho sakatA hai / aha pArthakya poSaka hai| kAla aura AkAza ke milana-bindu me cetanA kA pravAha hone se pRthaktA athavA 'mai' kA bodha hotA hai / jainendra ke anusAra samagra satya me kisI kriyA kI bhI dhAraNA nahI rakhI jA sakatI, kintu hara gati ke lie 'kahI se' aura 'kahI ko' binduno kI parikalpanA Avazyaka hai arthAt 'kriyA' aura 'cetanA' / vastuta jainendra kI uparokta vicAradhArA pUrNata spaSTa to nahI ho pAtI tathA pi usame itanA avazya spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki aha azatA kA bodhaka hai| akhaNDa brahma jo ki kriyAzUnya hai, kintu 'aha' cetanA aura kriyA se yukta hokara hI apane pArthakya kA bodha kara pAtA hai| mai 'ha' kA bodhaka hai| mai ke sAtha hI sAtha 'para' kI sthiti bhI anivArya hai| aisA nahI ho sakatA ki sasAra me kevala merA svatva hI astitva rakhatA hai| mere jaise ananta aha kI sthiti sasAra me dRSTigata hotI hai| 'hU' aura 'hai' ke bIca hI jagata kI sArI prakriyA ghaTita hotI hai| 'hUM' jagata kI prakriyA ke sadarbha me hI satya hai aura sArthaka he kintu zAzvata satya jo hai vahI hai, itara saba mithyA hai| 'hai' Izvara kA bodhaka hai, kyoki vahI ekamAtra satya hai / jainendra ke anusAra 'mai' kA prArambha janma se aura ata mRtyu me hai| Ayu 'mai' kI hotI hai| ___'mai' kA bindu hI hai jahA se caitanya kA kendra aura kriyA prArambha huI / isa dRSTi se jo 'sva' nija athavA aha kA bindu hai vaha acintaya sArthaka ho jAtA hai / graha kI amiSTatA aura avabhISTatA vahA se zurU hotI hai jahA cetana usa kendra ke cahu ora baDhane ke bajAya vahI kendrita ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra aha kA kendra virATa kI ora baDhane kI bajAya apane me simaTa kara aura itara se 1 jainendra se sAkSAtkAra karane ke pUrva 'aha krAsa pvAiNTa' kI dhAraNA meM aha gata jaDatA kA hI bodha hotA thaa| usake mUla me nihita caitanya prakriyA kA jJAna nahIM ho sakA thA, kintu unase vicAra-vimarza karane para 'aha' ke svarUpa ko samajhane me sahAyatA milI / (20 5-71) /

Page #160
jainendra ke praha sambandhI vicAra 155 vicchinna hokara aha ke lie khatarA hai aura jisake kAraNa aha se bacane kI AvazyakatA hai / sneha se aha ko mukta vistAra milatA hai|' ahaM aura prAtmA jainendra ke sAhitya kI graha sabadhI vivecanA karate hue jainendra kI dRSTi me aha aura AtmA ke atara ko samajhanA anivArya hai / prAya dArzanika tathA vyAvahArika kSetra me bhramavaza ahatA ora aAtmatA (AtmA) ko eka hI samajha liyA jAtA hai| aisI sthiti me zAzvata satya aura laukika satya ke bIca atara karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai| jainendra ne ahatA aura AtmatA me spaSTata antara vyakta kiyA hai| unakI dRSTi me aha zarIra indriya aura cetanA kA samuccaya hai| vIrendrakumAra gupta ne jainendra ke graha aura Atma sambandhI bheda ko bahuta hI spaSTarUpa se vyakta kiyA hai / unake anusAra jainendra ke ahatA aura AtmatA ko pracacita laukika athavA naitika artha me na lekara vaijJAnika artha me hI lenA hogaa| ahatA arthAt aza kA pUrNa se bhinna astitva aura AtmatA arthAt praza kA samagna vyaktitva / jainendra vyaktigata astitva ke aha ko sRSTi aura jIvana kA kendra mAnate hai kyoki graha kI sattA ke sAtha hI sRSTi aura jIvana kA prArambha hotA hai aura usake sAtha hI usake kSaya ke sAtha usakA vilaya / ' AtmA cetana hote hue bhI niSkriya hai| aha AtmA kI cetana zakti kA sakriya rUpa hai / aha athavA jIva ananta hai| pratyeka jIva me aha bodha hone ke kAraNa 'sva' 'para' ke pArthakya kI cetanA hotI hai| zarIra athavA jIva ko prAtmA kI saMjJA nahIM dI jA sakatI aura na hI AtmA ko aha yukta mAnA jA sakatA hai| mAnava prANI me sva-para bheda kI pUrNa cetanA hotI hai / jo mai hU vaha vaha nahI hai| vastuta aha sImita bhAva hai, kyoki pratyeka vyakti aha bodha se jAgrata hote hI para se pRthak ho jAtA hai| jainendra ke anusAra aha zarIragata hote hue bhI zarIra meM sthiti kisI avayava yA aga se tadgata nahI hai / aha vaha hai jo sukha-du.kha ko apanA karake use mAnatA hai| 'vastuta jainendra ke anusAra aha bhAva jo vyakti ko apane astitva kA bodha karAne meM samartha hai / praha bhAva athavA mai kI cetanA kA srota athavA avalamba AtmA hai| aha anekatA, vaibhinya aura dvandva mUlaka hai| prAtmA aikya aura advaita tathA 1 jainendra se vicAra-vimarza ke avasara para upalabdha / 2 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 sa0 20 / 3 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 20 / 4 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR063 /

Page #161
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana prema aura abheda mUlaka hai| jainendra ke anusAra ahagata anekatA atima satya nahI hai| AtmamUlaka abhedatva kI prApti hI jIva (ahatA) kA parama lakSya hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me eka 'parama brahma' kA hI prakAza samAnarUpa se dIpta hotA hai| ata bAhya rUpa me jo bheda-bhAva dRSTigata hotA hai, vaha atas AtmA ke aikya me vilIna ho jAtA hai| jainendra ke jIvana aura sAhitya kA Adarza abhedatva kI prApti hai| bheda athavA dveta bhAva jAgatika satya hai| jainendra ne aha ke Atmonmukha hone ko hI parama Adarza mAnA hai| jainendra ke anusAra samAja va deza meM vyApta samasta matavAda Atmonmukha hokara astitvahIna ho jAte hai / jainendra-sAhitya me aha ko kevala dvAra rUpa me hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ataeva yadi aha rUpI dvAra para hI sthira rahane vAlA vyakti AtmarUpI lakSya kI prApti ke mArga se vimukha ho jAtA hai aura usake lie mokSa kI prApti kaThina ho jAtI hai| jainendra kI Atma sambandhI dhAraNA para zakara aura sAkhya darzana kA prabhAva dRSTigata hotA hai| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki unhone saprayAsa kisI bhI darzana ke siddhAnto ko grahaNa nahI kiyA hai tathApi bhAratIya darzana kI AtmA kI satyatA se bhI taTastha nahI hai / zakara ke anusAra prAtmA karma se svatantra hai, zarIra tathA mana ke bandhana se bhI svatantra hai| AtmA aura zarIra eka nahI hai| aha bhAva zarIra me hai| zakara usa AtmA me jo samasta anubhava me upalakSita hotI hai aura usa AtmA me jo antadRSTi ke dvArA jAnA gayA eka nizcita tathya hai, eka AdhyAtmika viSayI 'maiM' aura manovaijJAnika viSayI 'mujhako' me bheda karate hai|' DA0 rAdhAkRSNan ke anusAra zakara kI dRSTi me aha pratyaya kA viSaya vizuddha AtmA nahI hai, jo sAkSI hai varan vaha hai jo kriyAzIla hai, kartA tathA phalopabhoga karane vAlA jIvAtmA hai, jisame viSayaniSTha guNo kA samAveza hai, aisI AtmA viSaya hai| sAkhya darzana me puruSa ko nitya tathA AtmarUpa mAnA gayA hai / dehastha kriyAno kA kartA puruSa nahI hai| puruSa niSkriya hai / sAkhya ke anusAra jIva prAkRtika jagata kA aza hai| jIvana aura AtmA ke sambandha me zakara aura vedAnta me bahuta sAmya dRSTigata hotA hai| uname mUla bheda prAdhyAtmika dRSTi ke kAraNa hI utpanna hotA hai / jIva aura AtmA kA svarUpa to jainendra ke sAhitya me uparokta rUpa me dRSTigata hotA hai, kintu sAkhya darzana me puruSa parabrahma kA aza rUpa nahI hai, jaba ki jainendra ne vedAnta ke azarUpa Atmatatva ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai| sAkhya me prakRti aura puruSa ke milana se vikSobha 1 DA0 rAdhAkRSNan 'iNDiyana philAsaphI', pR0 sa0 476 / 2 DA0 rAdhAkRSNan 'iNDiyana philAsaphI', pR0 sa0 476 /

Page #162
jainendra ke aha sambandhI vicAra 157 utpanna hone para sRSTi kI racanA hotI hai, kintu jainendra ke anusAra ahatA aura prAtmatA ke milana se sRSTi hI nahI hotI, varan dono (sva-para) paraspara milakara svatvahIna tathA zUnyavat hokara brahmonmukha ho jAte hai| yahI jainendra kI ahatA kA parama lakSya hai| paraspara samarpaNa me hI ahatA kA tirobhAva sabhava hotA hai| ___ jainendra ke sAhitya me aha aura AtmA kA vivecana adhikAzataH unake nibandho dvArA hI huA hai| upanyAsa tathA kahAniyo me unhone apane AdarzoM ko vyAvahArika jIvana ke dharAtala para prastuta kiyA hai kintu uname manovijJAna ke prabhAva ke kAraNa kucha antara avazya A gayA hai| jainendra ke sAhitya kA saiddhAntika pakSa darzanazAstra se prabhAvita ho usame zAzvata satyo kI vizad vivecanA kI gaI hai tathA AtmA ke sandarbha me zakara kI pAramArthika dRSTi kA sahArA liyA gayA hai| zakara ne apane darzana ko pAramArthika tathA vyAvahArika dharAtala para prastuta kiyA hai| pAralaukika jIvana ke hetu unhone pAramArthika dRSTi ko apanAyA hai, kintu lokika jIvana ke kSetra me unhone vyAvahArika dRSTi svIkAra kI hai| korI pAramArthikatA jIvana ko vyavahAra tathA nIti-zUnya banA detI hai| usame bhale-bure, sata-asat kA prazna hI nahI utthtaa| ataeva vyAvahArikatA kI svIkRti anivArya thii| ina AdarzoM ke samakakSa jaba hama jainendra ke aha sambandhI vicAro ko vyAvahArika jIvana kI pRSThabhUmi me dekhate hai to hame unake vicAro kI vyAvahArikatA tathA manovaijJAnikatA spaSTata dRSTigata hotI hai| jainendra ke vicAro kI viziSTatA manovaijJAnika athavA yathArtha jIvana kI ghaTanAo me pAramArthika satya kA samAveza karane me hI parilakSita hotI hai| jainendra kI ahaM dRSTi aura manovijJAna jainendra ke upanyAsa aura kahAniyo me darzana ke sAtha hI sAtha manovijJAna kA bahuta adhika prabhAva lakSita hotA hai| aha ke aza rUpa tathA 'mai' 'tuma' ke bheda kA saiddhAtika rUpa manovijJAna ke sahAre hI pUrNAbhivyakti me samartha huA hai| manovijJAna vyakti jIvana ke rahasyodghATana kA eka mAtra sAdhana hai / vyakti kyA hai ? usake vicAro aura AdarzoM kA mUla udgama kyA hai -? Adi bAto kA jJAna vyakti kA mAnasika vizleSaNa karane para hI jJAta hotA hai| sAhitya nirA siddhAMtamaya nahI hai| usame darzana aura manovijJAna kA zAstrIya se itara vyAvahArika rUpa hI grAhya ho sakatA hai| jainendra ke pAtro kI AtmA me adhyAtmika satya antaniSTha hai to vyAvahArika jIvana manovijJAna ke pariprekSa me prastuta huA hai|

Page #163
158 phrAyaDa manovijJAna manovijJAna me 'mai' athavA graha ke hetu 'igo' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / ' suprasiddha manovaijJAnika phrAyaDa ne manovizleSaraNa ke dvArA mAnava jIvana ke guhya rahasya kA udghATana kiyA hai / sAhitya para phrAyaDa ke siddhAtoM kA bahuta adhika prabhAva lakSita hotA hai / yadyapi jainendra svaya ko phrAyaDa ke siddhAta se paribaddha nahI mAnate, phira bhI unake sAhitya me phrAyaDIya manovizleSaNa kI jhalaka pUrNata dRSTigata hotI hai / manovaijJAnika dRSTi se igo' zarIra tathA 'mAnasika saghaTana" kA sUcaka hai / mAnava mastiSka ke cetana, ardhacetana tathA pracetana tIna pahalU hai, jinapara samasta mAnasika saghaTana AdhArita hai | cetana-pakSa varNanAtmaka hotA hai / vyakti kA abhivyakta rUpa cetana hai / cetanA ke dvArA hI vaha bAhya jagata ( riyalTI) se sambandha sthApita karatA hai | cetanA pratyakSa - bodha ( parasepzana ) para AdhArita hotI hai, isalie usakA sthAyitva hotA hai | cetana ke bhItara vyakti kA acetana mana vidyamAna hai / phrAyaDa ke anusAra vyakti kA cetanapakSa arthAta kAnzasa hI igo hai aura acetana pakSa 'iDa' hai / phrAyaDa ke anusAra avacetana mana hI vyakti kI samasta kriyAyoM kA preraka srota hai / igo athavA graha acetana (iDa) kA vaha praza hai jo bAhya jagata ke prabhAva ke kAraNa sazodhita ho jAtA hai / igo ke sazodhana me pratyakSa-bodha kA bahuta adhika sahayoga rahatA hai / vastuta phrAyaDa kI dRSTi me igo (ha) ata jagata kI abhivyakti tathA bAhya jagata se sambandha sthApita karane kI kaDI hai / phrAyaDa kI dRSTi me igo kA prAtmA athavA paramAtmA se koI sambandha hI nahI hai / igo mAnasika saghaTana kA hI eka aza hai| usakA svaya me koI mahatva nahI hai / igo kA kArya acetana mana iDa kI udhAra lI huI zakti ke dvArA abhiprerita hotA hai / phrAyaDa ne igo ko avacetana mana kA sevaka mAnA hai / acetana mana vyakti kI icchAo kA kendra hai / acetana ke mUla meM liviDo arthAt kAma pravRtti sakriya rahatI hai / phrAyaDa ke anusAra graha arthAt vyakti kI samasta icchAo kI preraka kAma pravRti hI hai / sAmAjika maryAdA ke kAraNa vyakti apanI damita vAsanA kI svacchandAbhivyakti me asarmatha hotA hai / ataeva jainendra kA jIvana-darzana 2 1 sigamaMDa phrAyaDa 'di igo eNDa di iDa', cothA saskaraNa, 1647, pR0 15 / 'di igo ija pharsTa eNDa e bADI.. igo'.. phrAyaDa 'igo eNDa di iDa', pR0 31 / phrAyaDa 'igo eNDa di iDa' / phrAyaDa 'igo eNDa di iDa', pR0 26 / 3 4

Page #164
jainendra ke graha sambandhI vicAra 156 pracetana mana vyakti kI kAma vAsanA ko sazodhita karake hI cetana stara para Ane kI anumati detA hai / phrAyaDa ke anusAra igo kA pratinidhitva pratyakSa-bodha (parasepzana) dvArA hotA hai yathA acetana mana (iDa) kA pratinidhitva mUla pravRtiyA karatI hai / acetana ke satahI arthAt UparI bhAga me sthita icchAe sadaiva cetana stara para pAne ke hetu prayatnazIla rahatI hai aura avasara milane para abhivyakta ho jAtI hai, kintu pUrNata damita icchAe apane vAstavika rUpa me abhivyakti prApta karane meM asarmatha hotI hai| cetana aura acetana mana ke saMgharSa ke pariNAma svarUpa supara igo kI utpati hotI hai| ___ phrAyaDa ne vyakti ke acetana mana para hI vizeSa rUpa se kArya kiyA hai| acetana mana me do prakAra kI mUla pravRtiyA (inasTinkTa ) sadaiva saMgharSa rata rahatI hai kAmecchA athavA svarakSA kI pravRti aura dUsarI vinAza kI(DisTrakTiva)pravRti / cetana jagata me yahI pravRtiyA prema (lava) aura ghRNA ke sazodhita rUpa me vyakta hotI hai / ye do pravRtiyA hI phrAyaDa kI dRSTi me vyaktitva ke nirmANa kI AdhArazilA hai| kAmecchA vyakti kI prabalatama pravRti hai, usake pUrNa na hone para vyakti apane 'pAbjekTa' ko vinaSTa karane lagatA hai / sAmAjika maryAdA kI dRSTi se phrAyaDa ne kAmecchA ke udAttIkaraNa (sablImezana) ko Avazyaka batAyA hai jisase vyakti kalA, sagIta Adi me apanI pravRtiyo ko sthAnAntarita karake svastha vyaktitva kA nirmANa karatA hai| phrAyaDa aura jainendra phrAyaDa ke vicAro kA spaSTa vivecana karane para hama isa niSkarSa para pahucate hai ki jainendra ke sAhitya me phrAyaDIya manovizleSaNa kA pUrNata niSedha nahI kiyA jA sakatA, yadyapi yaha satya hai ki dono ke vicAro ke mUla me gaharA antara hai / phrAyaDa vastuvAdI vicAraka hai aura jainendra adhyAtmavAdI / phrAyaDa aura jainendra me yadi sAmya hai to vaha kAma-pravRtti kI svIkRti me hI dRSTigata hotA hai| jainendra ke upanyAsa aura kahAniyo me strI-puruSa sambandhI vivecana kI atizayatA ko dRSTi me rakhate hue ni sandeha hI jainendra ke sAhitya para phAyaDa ke prabhAva ko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / tAtvika dRSTi se jainendra aura phrAyaDa ke vicAro me antara hai| jainendra ne aha ko bAhya jagata aura anta jagata ke madhya dvAra rUpa me svIkAra kiyA hai| unake anusAra prAtmajagata kA vastu jagata se ghaniSTha sambandha hai| vastu jagata me karmazIla vyakti hI Atmonmukha hokara mokSa kI prApti kara sakatA hai / antazcetanA se prerita hokara karma karatA huA vyakti puna. Atmonmukha hokara mokSa prApti kA prayAsa karatA hai| vyakti athavA

Page #165
160 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana ahatA svaya me apUrNa hai, isalie usakI uparokta prakriyA sadaiva calatI rahatI hai| jaba ahatA 'para' me samarpaNa karake zUnyavata arthAt ahazUnya ho jAtA hai tabhI use parama satya arthAt mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| jainendra ko maulikatA phAyaDa ne acetana mana ko aparAdha kI bhAvanA arthAt pApa kA mUla mAnA hai| jainendra ke anusAra vyakti antas preraNA se kArya karatA hai, kintu unakI dRSTi me vyakti ke antasa me pApa athavA aparAdha kA bhAva nahI hai / jainendra ke sAhitya kI pramukha vizeSatA yahI hai ki ve ahatA ke marmAtimarma me bhagavattA kA nivAsa mAnate hai / bAhya aura ata jagat me sadaiva dvandva calatA rahatA hai| jainendra ke sAhitya kA avalokana karane se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki anta aura bAhya jagata ke dvandva ke kAraNa jo bhAvanAe abhivyakti prApta karanA cAhatI hai, ve anaitika athavA aparAdhamUlaka nahI hai / acetana mana me vyakti kI suSupta cetanA nivAsa karatI hai| usakA niSedha nahI kiyA jA sakatA / jainendra ke anusAra anta karaNa me sthiti bhAva aura pravRttiyA hamAre vyaktitva kA hI aga hai| unake anusAra antas bhAvo kI abhivyakti kA niSedha karanA, vyaktitva ke samucita vikAsa me avarodha utpanna karanA hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me cetana aura acetana mana kA dvandva satat calatA rahatA hai / unakI kahAniyo upanyAso ke pAtro me adhikAzata acetana mana me gaharA dvandva vidyamAna rahatA hai / jainendra ke sAhitya kI samasta kathAvastu cetana aura acetana ke dvandva svarUpa hI vikAsita hotI hai / jainendra aha aura kAzasa kI utpati lAbha mAnate hai|' unake sAhitya me bAhya aura acetana atarajagata me jo dvandva dRSTigata hotA hai, vaha cetana aura acetana ke stara se Upara ahatA aura bhagavattA kA dvandva hai| jainendra ke anusAra acetana me pApa nahI hai, varan bhagavat sattA kA nivAsa hai| cetana acetana ke dvandva me pApa kI abhivyakti na hokara antarbhUta bhagavat bhAvanA hI abhivyakta hone ke lie becaina rahatI hai| jainendra ke vicAro me unakI AstikA pUrNata chAyI huI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki ve phrAyaDIya acetana mana kI parikalpanA ko svIkAra karane meM asamartha hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se cetanaacetana ke dvandva me sadaiva cetana mana acetana ko damita karane ke lie prayatnazIla rahatA hai aura acetana mana cetana stara para Ane ke hetu vikala rahatA hai / jainendra sAhitya me ahatA aura bhagavattA kA dvandva eka-dUsare ko avadamita karane ke hetu 1 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 543 /

Page #166
jainendra ke aha sambandhI vicAra 161 prayatnazIla nahI hotaa| bhagavattA kI abhivyakti vyaktitva kI vAstavikatA ko abhivyakta karane meM samartha hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainendra acetana mana ko pApa kA puja nahI mAnate aura vyakti kI suSupta cetanA ko abhivyakti kA avasara dekara use sahaja aura svastha banAne kA prayAsa karate hai| ahacetanA bhagavata cetanA kA hI pratinidhitva karatI hai| jainendra ne aha ko bahuta hI vyApaka aura gUDha tathA maulika rUpa me svIkAra kiyA hai| unakI aha sabadhI maulika dRSTi unake sAhitya me eka adbhuta zakti kA prasAra karatI hai, jisase jainendra-sAhitya samasta hindI sAhitya me apanA abhUtapUrva sthAna rakhane meM samartha ho sakA hai| jainendra kI prakriyA ekAgI nahI hai| unake sAhitya me acetana athavA bhagavatbhAva kI abhivyakti karane vAle ahatatva ko sarvasva mAnakara aha sambandhI vivecana ko sImita nahI kiyA gayA hai| antas bhAva bahirmukhI hone ke anantara puna antarmukhI hone ke hetu bhI prayatnazIla rahatA hai / yaha AtmonmukhatA hI jainendra ke sAhitya kA parama Adarza hai| jainendra aha kI AtmonmukhatA me hI bhagavata prApti kA mArga darzAte hai / AtmA paramAtmA kA aza hai| prAtmonmukha hokara hI jIva samasta bheda-bhAva se Upara uThakara svatva visarjana meM samartha ho sakatA hai| manovijJAna dvArA vyakti ke mana me jhAkane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, AtmA me nahI / jainendra kI AsthA mana se bhI pare AtmA me bhagavattA ke darzana karatI hai / phrAyaDa ne cetana aha ko acetana mana kA aza mAnA hai| jainendra acetana ko sarvezvara nahI mAnate / unakI dRSTi me parama satya Izvara hI hai aura samagra AtmA brahma kA aza hai aura AtmA me sakriyatA ahatA ke kAraNa hI prApta hotI hai| jainendra kI racanAmo me ahaM kI sthiti uparokta vivecana ke pariNAmasvarUpa hama isa niSkarSa para pahucate hai ki ahatA aura bhagavattA kA milana hI vaha lakSya hai, jisa ora unakI aha sabadhI samasta prakriyA unmukha hotI hai / jainendra ke jIvana aura sAhitya kA prANa tatva aha visarjana hI hai| unake sAhitya ke roma-roma me samarpaNa-bhAva hI dhvanita hotA huaA dRSTigata hotA hai / upanyAsa, kahAnI Adi unakI samasta racanAo me dvaita-advaita kI prApti kI ora unmukha hai / isa prakAra hamAre lie yaha jAnanA anivArya ho jAtA hai ki ve kauna se mArga hai, jinake dvArA jainendra ne ahatA kA 1 'bhagavattA me sthiti hI hai gati nahI hai / gati ke lie ahatA kA udaya huA hai|' -jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 sa0 567 /

Page #167
162 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana vigalana kiyA hai tathA pAtro ke mana me kina tathyo ko lekara dvandva jAgrata hotA hai ? isa dRSTi se jainendra ke sampUrNa kathAtmaka sAhitya kA manthana Avazyaka hai / jainendra sAhitya ke avagAhana tathA usakI spaSTa grAhyatA ke lie jainendra ke graha sambandhI vicAro ko jAnanA anivArya hai / unakI sAhitya-racanA kA mUla bhAva prabhAva ( maiM ) kA visarjana he / sAmAnyata ekAkI mana apanI mahatA ko sAmAjika jIvana me vigalita hote hue na dekhakara sAhitya ke mAdhyama se hI apanI AtmAbhivyakti tathA AtmapariSkAra karatA hai / jainendra ne bhI sAhitya-sRjana me apane aha bhAva ke pariSkAra kA mArga hI khojA hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me zUnyatA, bhAva, samarpaNa Adi vividha rUpo me grahabhAva kI abhivyakti huI hai / jainendra ke sAhitya prabhAva ko bahuta hI vyApaka pariprekSya me svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / rAjanIti, samAja, dharma Adi vividha kSetro me nihita aha sambandhI vicAro ko samajhe binA unake sambandha meM koI bhI vivecana pUrNa nahI ho sakatA | jainendra ke anusAra jisa prakAra vyakti me grahabhAva hotA hai, usI prakAra samUha kI bhI grahatA hotI hai / deza rASTra Adi sabhI 'sva-para' ke bheda ke kAraNa graha-bhAva se yukta hai| jIvana ke vyApaka kSetra me jainendra ne apanI ahisAtmaka dhAraNA dvArA sva-para ke bheda ko miTAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / ' jisa prakAra vyakti 'maiM' bhAva ke kAraNa 'para' kA niSedha karatA hai usI prakAra pUre samUha kA graha bhAva bhI 'para' kA niSedha karatA hai / jainendra ne apanI zrahisaka nIti ke AdhAra para vibhinna matavAdo, dala tathA rASTragata mahatA kA niSedha karate hue samaSTi mAnava prema tathA AtmIyatA kA bhAva utpanna karane kI ora bala diyA hai / vicAro me matabheda honA svAbhAvika hai, kintu yadi koI viziSTa sampradAya apane hI mata athavA siddhAnto ko satya mAna kara dUsare sampradAya ke vicAro kA khaNDana karatA hai to isa prakAra samAja me dvandva hI bar3hatA hai / jainendra ke anusAra bhautikatA ke vartamAna yuga me nitya prati hone vAle sagharSa ke mUla me sAmUhika grahatA hI vidyamAna hai / vyakti kI svArtha bhAvanA hI samUha kI ahatA ko puSTa karane meM sahAyaka hotI hai / jainendra ke pAtra sadaiva tyAga aura para-hita kI kAmanA ke dvArA apanI grahatA ko 'para' ke hita me samarpita karane ke lie tatpara rahe hai / uname pada kA lobha nahI hai / 'muktibodha', 'jayavardhana' me unake inhI vicAro kI jhalaka spaSTata dRSTigata hotI hai / prajAtAtrika nIti para bala dete hue unhone sva-para ke bheda ko vRhadtara hone se bacAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / sabako apanA haka mile yahI unakA mUlAdarza hai / unakI dRSTi me para ko 1 jainendra kumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 616-20 /

Page #168
jainandra ke aha sambandhI vicAra usI prakAra hone kA haka hai, jaise sva ko / ahisA kA mUlAdarza isI tathya me nihita hai / jainendra kisI kSetra me haThavAditA ko prazraya nahI dete / unakI yaha daSTi jaina darzana ke anekAnta athavA syAdvAda se prabhAvita hai / jaina darzana me pratyeka mata sImita athavA sApekSa dRSTi se satya hai, usI prakAra jainendra ke anusAra vibhinna dala sampradAya sva taka hI sImita rahane ke lie nahI hai| unhe para kI svIkRti bhI karanI caahie| matavAda ke kSetra me ve kisI ko khaNDita na karate hae saba ko apanI nijatA ke sthAyitva kA avasara pradAna karate hai| yahI jainendra kA sAmUhika aha hai aura ahisA sAmUhika aha kI sakriyatA pradAna karane kA mUlAdhAra hai| zrI vIrendrakumAra gupta ne bhI isI satya kI ora igita kiyA hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me vyakti kI ahatA kA vigalana sarvAdhika kAma-pravRti ke dvArA huA hai / yadyapi Atma-samarpaNa ke vibhinna mArga hai, kintu jainendra kI dRSTi meM kAma (seksa) ke kSetra me vyakti kA sva jitanA zUnyavat ho jAtA hai, utanA hI anya bhAva ke dvArA nahI / yahI kAraNa hai ki unake sAhitya me kAma-bhAvanA kI atizayatA dRSTigata hotI hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me kAmabhAvanA kI atizayatA ko dekhakara sAmAnyata vaha AlocanA kI jAtI hai ki unake sAhitya me kAmukatA adhika hai, kintu kAmukatA aura kAma-bhAvanA me bahuta antara hai| jainendra ke sAhitya kA avalokana karate hue yaha bAta pUrNata spaSTa ho jAtI hai| samarpaNa bhAva : ___jainendra ne mAnava-mAnava kI parasparatA para bahuta adhika bala diyA hai| vIrendrakumAra gupta ke anusAra parasparatA kA mahatvapUrNa aga nara-nArI sayoga arthAt saiksa hai / strI-purupa sambandha ko hI kendra me rakhakara jainendra ne apane sampUrNa sAhitya kI racanA kI hai| jainendra ke anusAra nara aura nArI sRSTi ke do aga hai| dono svaya me apUrNa hai / dono apanI prazatA athavA apUrNatA me pUrNatA kI ora unmukha hote hai / unake sAhitya me strI-puruSa ke madhya jo AkarSaNa dRSTigata hotA hai, vaha unakI apUrNatA ke kAraNa hI hotA hai| 'jayavarddhana' bhe unhone spaSTata vyakta kiyA hai ki strI-puruSa kA AkarSaNa .. eka prakAra ke khaNDa kA akhaNDatA ke aza kA pUrNatA ke prati AkarSaNa hai / jIvAtmA paramAtmA kA AkarSaNa hai|' unakA vicAra hai ki strI aura puruSa jaba paraspara itane lIna 1 janendra kumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0sa0 26 (upodghAta se)| 2. jainendrakumAra 'jayavardhana' (1956), dillI, pR0 324 /

Page #169
164 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana ho jAte hai ki uname svatva aura paratva kA bheda miTa jAtA hai tathA ve svatvahIna ho jAte hai, tabhI unhe prabhedatva arthAt paramatva kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai / isa prakAra unakI ahatA AtmonmukhatA me vilIna ho jAtI hai / ' jainendra ke sAhitya me 'asmi' aura asti kA dvandva strI aura puruSa ko lekara hI ghaTita hotA hai / anantara meM eka sthala para unhone spaSTata svIkAra kiyA hai ki mUla dvaita vahI hai - 'strI-puruSa' / dvaita yathArtha jagata kA satya hai, pAramArthika jagata kA satya nahI hai / antima satya advaita hai / sasAra puruSamaya hai / yadi dvaita ko satya mAna liyA jAya to sasAra dvaita ke sthAna para dvandvamaya hI raha jAyagA, kintu mAnava prANI zAntipriya hai / Upara se kitanA hI dvandva kyo na calatA rahe, kintu usakI antsa AtmA abhedatva tathA prema aura zAnti ke lie taDapatI rahatI hai / jainendra ke sAhitya kA dvandva strI-puruSa athavA sva-para athavA ta aura bAhya jagata ko lekara hI phalita hotA hai, kintu saba ke mUla me prema kA abhAva, samarpaNa kI upekSA hI vidyamAna hai / jainendra prema ke dvArA hI pArasparika alagAva athavA dvaita ko dUra karane ke pakSa meM hai / 'anantara' me unakI isa advaitapriyatA ke darzana hote hai / unake anusAra sasAra me vyApta dvaita bhAva phaTakara do nahI ho sakatA, kyoki unake bIca sneha kI vivazatA hai / strI aura puruSa ko sneha kI cumbakIya zakti hI paraspara vilaga hone se vacita rakhatI hai / jainendra ke anusAra 'dono usI me saphala hone ko vivaza hai / ( usakA hame kyA abhinandana karanA cAhie ? ) " strI aura puruSa asti ke bhAva se yukta hai, kintu yaha 'maiM' 'para' bhAva sthAI nahI hai / mahatA sadaiva samarpita hone ke hetu vivaza hai / 'sva' 'para' me jahA hoDa hai, vahI paraspara samarpita hone kI bhI utkaTa lAlasA hai / ' 'sva' 'para' me khokara hI parama satya kA bodha prApta karane meM sakSama hai / 1 'sva' 'para' ke vibhinna se bane una saba dvando kI samApti vahA hI prApya ho sakatI hai jahA sva-para bheda pahucatA hI nahI hai / usI ko bhagavata - cetanA kA stara kahA jAtA hai graha usame vigalita hotA hai / ' -- jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 537 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'anantara', pR0 sa0 36 / 3 jainendra 'anantara' pR0 36 / 4 ' eka me dUsare para vijaya kI bhUkha hai, kintu eka ko dUsare ke hAtho parAjaya kI bhI cAhanA hai hI / dono me paraspara hoDa hai, utanI hI tIvra jitanI * dono me paraspara ke lie utsarga hone kI abhilASA / ' - jainendrakumAra 'sunItA', 1964, dillI, pR0 sa0 136-137 /

Page #170
jainendra ke aha sambandhI vicAra 165 jainendra ke sampUrNa sAhitya me ahatA aura paratA kA dvandva vidyamAna hai, kintu isa dvandva me paraspara vaimanasya nahI baDhatA, varan antarmana ko vyathA kI TIsa sAlatI rahatI hai| unake adhikAza pAtra ahatA se pIDita tathA vyathita hai| unakA dukhI mana nirantara sahaja hone kA mArga DhUDhatA rahatA hai / abhAvagrasta mana sadaiva pUrNatA kI khoja me vikSipta rahatA hai| jainendra ke sAhitya kA jo viSaya sAmAnyata unakI AlocanA kA viSaya hai tathA satya kI upekSA karake Adarza aura maryAdA kA DakA pITA jAtA hai, vaha nirA dambha hai / jainendra ne jIvana ke aise satya ko udhAra kara rakha diyA hai jo pratyeka AdarzavAdI tathA sanyAsI aura paDita ke mana ko bhI kuredatA rahatA hai / antara yaha hai ki loga usa kureda ko pApa samajha kara pacA lete hai aura abhivyakta karane kA sAhasa nahI kara pAte, kintu jainendra ne baDe sAhasa ke sAtha jIvana ke mahatvapUrNa satya ko dArzanika aura manovaijJAnika pariprekSya me prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / yaha satya hai ki unake sAhitya me strI-puruSa sambandha ke varNana kI atizayatA hai, kintu yaha atizayatA kAmukatA (aindriyakatA) kI paricAyaka nahI hai| yaha to lekhaka kI viziSTatA kI hI paricAyaka hai / lekhaka ne eka kSetra me AtmasAt hokara mAnava jIvana kI satyatA ko svAnubhava kI pIThikA para citrita kiyA hai / zAstrIya jJAna me khaTakane vAlI bAta ho sakatI hai, kintu svAnubhava to satyatA ko hI abhivyakta karane me samartha hai| pratyeka vyakti meM apane astitva kA bodha hote hI riktatA kI anubhUti hone lagatI hai / 'mai kyo' kA prazna pratikSaNa use sAlatA rahatA hai / isa prazna ke sAtha hI usame yaha bhAvanA jAgrata hotI hai ki 'mai usame hoU~' 'vaha mujhame ho' / isa prakAra dono eka-dUsare me khokara apane astitva ko sArthaka karanA cAhate hai| ekAkI aha athavA dvaita sabhava hI nahI ho sktaa| jainendra kI samasta kahAniyo me samarpaNa-bhAva kUTa-kUTa kara bharA huA hai| 'ekarAta', 'grAmophona kA rikArDa','priyavrata', 'mitra vidyAdhara','gavAra', 'ratnaprabhA','TakarAhaTa', 'rAnI mahAmAyA', 'dina-rAta-saverA' eva 'avijJAna' Adi kahAniyo me 'sva'-'para' dvandva tathA samarpaNa kI bhAvanA spaSTata dRSTigata hotI hai / 'eka rAta'' zIrSaka kahAnI me jainendra ne jayarAja aura sudarzanA ke samarpaNa kA jo svarUpa prastuta kiyA hai use dekhate hue mana Ardra ho uThatA hai / vAsanA koso dUra calI jAtI hai| jayarAja pratibhAzAlI vyakti hai| use cAro ora se mAna-sammAna kI prApti hotI hai, 1 sa0 zivanandanaprasAda 'jainendra pratinidhi kahAniyA', pra0 sa0, dillI, 1666, pR0 sa0 106 /

Page #171
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana kintu phira bhI usake mana me eka kATA cubhatA rahatA hai| vaha nahI jAnatA ki aisA kyo hai ? usake acetana mana me jo kATA hai vahI use asantulita kie rahatA hai| vaha rASTra-sevA me vyasta rahakara apane mana ke prabhAva aura satyatA kI upekSA karatA rahatA hai / sudarzanA ke unmukta samarpaNa ko bhI vaha sahasA svIkAra nahI kara paataa| usakI ugra ahatA haThIlI banI rahatI hai kintu jisa kSaNa sudarzanA apanA svatva jayarAja kI goda me samarpita kara detI hai, usa kSaNa jayarAja me eka adbhuta snigdhatA kA prasAra hotA hai / vastuta ahatA samarpaNa ke abhAva me zuSka aura kaThora banatI hai| sayama vyakti kA dambha hai| eka rAta' me sudarzanA kA samarpaNa itanA pratIndriya hai ki usame vAsanA kA leza bhI nahI mila pAtA / Atma-visarjana dvArA vaha itanI pUrNa ho jAtI hai ki virATa prakRti meM usake lie kucha bhI azeSa nahI raha jAtA hai / vaha sarvasva sva me samAkara brahmANDa kI virATatA me kho jAnA cAhatI hai / 'grAmophona kA rikArDa' Adi kahAniyo me bhI pAtro kI samarpaNa-bhAvanA utkRSTa rUpa me lakSita hotI hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me strI-puruSa kI ahatA athavA 'maiM' 'para' kA bheda samarpaNa me tirohita hokara unhe zUnya banA detA hai| usa zUnyatA me parabrahma kI sattA kA sAkSAtkAra prApta karane meM samartha hote hai| ahatA kI paramAtmonmukhatA hI jainendra kA parama Adarza hai / 'ahatA' aura 'paratA' kA dvaita hI dvandva kA mUla hai / jaba dvaita miTa jAtA hai aura vyakti svatvahIna ho jAtA hai tabhI use parabrahma kI prApti hotI hai| azatA pUrNatA me vilIna ho jAtI hai| jainendra ke anusAra 'strI' para hai taba taka use parAbhUta karane kI AvazyakatA hamame rahane hI vAlI hai| vahI strI me puruSa ke prati / vaha 'paratA' prema kI saghanatA me miTa sakatI hai / taba paraspara skhalana kI vAsanA raha nahI jaatii| kAma vahI taka hai jahA taka bhAna hai / pralaya dvandva me mAtra dvaita kI hI krIDA hai / strI jisa guNa kI pratIka hai, vaha hamame AtmasAt ho rahe to paratva bhAva miTa jAya / vastuta jainendra-sAhitya me ahatA kA samarpaNa sarvAdhika strI-puruSa ke sambandha dvArA hI vizuddha rUpa me sambhava ho sakatA hai| 1 'maine apane sneha ko svIkAra karanA na caahaa| maine ise ikAra kara zUnya kara denA caahaa| Aja tumane mujhe sIkha dI ki yaha saba vRthA thA, merA ahakAra thaa| isa ahakAra me mujhase yajJa kyA banatA ? rASTra-sevA kyA banatI ? Aja maine jAnA, sneha agIkaraNa ke lie hai, asvIkaraNa ke lie nhii| ' -jainendra 'pratinidhi kahAniyA', pR0 116 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'jayavardhana', pR0 sa0 324 /

Page #172
jainendra ke graha sambandhI vicAra 167 jainendra ne rAdhA-kRSNa ke pradarza ko apane sAhitya meM sthApita kiyA hai / unake sAhitya me rAdhA - kRSNa tathA gopI prema kA Adarza spaSTata parilakSita hotA hai / purANo me yaha kathA pracalita hai ki gopiyo meM rAdhA ke prati IrSyA hotI hai tathA usame svaya aura kRSNa ke madhya dvaita bhAva vidyamAna hotA hai / kRSNa kI alaukika mAyA ke kAraNa rAsa lIlA karatI huI gopiyA itanI kRSNamaya ho jAtI hai ki unhe apane svatva kA bodha bhI nahI raha jAtA aura ve kRSNamaya ho jAtI hai / yahI hai jainendra kA Adarza, jisake kAraNa 'maiM' bhAva 'para' meM samarpita hokara itanA lIna ho jAtA hai ki dvandva kA prazna hI nahI uThatA / 'sunItA' me hariprasanna svaya ko avijita samajhatA hai, kintu yaha usakA vibhrama hai / jaba taka vaha apane antarmana ke rahasya ko nahI kholatA, taba taka vaha atRpta aura becaina rahatA hai| sunItA kA pUrNa samarpaNa hariprasanna ke atRpta mana ke dvandva ko zAnta kara detA hai / " 'kalyANI' graha visarjana ke abhAva me kabhI bhI sahaja nahI ho paatii| use apanA prastitva sadaiva pIDita karatA hai / usakA jIvana bojha bana jAtA hai / vaha DA0 asArI kI vivAhitA avazya thI kintu pati ke samakSa vaha pUrNa samarpaNa me asamartha hotI hai, kyoki pUrNa samarpaNa to prema me hI sabhava ho sakatA hai / vaha paristhitivaza apane premI se dUra ho jAtI hai / ataeva usakI 'mai' bhAvanA use vikSipta kie rahatI hai / unake mana me antardvandva banA rahatA hai, jisake kAraNa vaha kisI bhI kArya me sahaja nahI ho pAtI tathA pariSkAra karane kA prayatna karatI hai / usakI pUjA-arcanA me bhakti bhAva se adhika mAnasika dvandva kI hI abhivyakti hotI hai / sAmAnyata vyakti apane mana kI satyatA ko vyakta karane asamartha hone ke kAraNa use vibhinna kAryoM me prakSepita karatA hai / kalyANI ke samasta kriyA-kalApa usake ahatA kI prabhAvagrastatA ke hI pariNAma hai / yadi vaha prImiyara ke samakSa samarpita ho sakatI to sambhavata usakA mana itanA pIDita na hotA aura vaha apane gRhastha jIvana ko bhI vyavasthita banA letI / 'tyAgapatra' me mRNAla kA sAmAjika dRSTi se jo adha patana hotA hai, vaha usake Atmavigalana kA hI pariNAma hai / vaha svaya ko adhika se adhika kaSTa dekara 1. 'sakucana me se hI ahakAra kA udaya hai, bhaya kI bhIti hai / mAno kucha usake bhItara se vyagya karatA huA uThatA hai--kyo tU avijita hai ? tU jayI hai ? re tU to adhama hai, adharma hai / -- jenendrakumAra 'sunItA', pR0 126 /

Page #173
168 apane mana ke prema ko puSTa karatI hai / " vastuta jainendra- sAhitya me bAhyarUpa me jise hama pApa samajhate hai, athavA bhautika samajhate hai, ucita nahI hai / jainendra ke anusAra jo pApI dikhAI detA hai vaha mUla me dukhI hI hai / ' 'pAnavAlA' kahAnI me pAnavAlA dekhane me duzcaritra lagatA hai| mahilAo kI ora usakI tAka - bhaoNka me ziSTatA hI pradarzita hotI hai / usakI pUrI kahAnI se paricita hone se pUrva kauna kaha sakatA hai ki usake mana ke kone me kitanA gaharA darda bharA hai jo use aisA kRtya karane ke lie vivaza kie hue hai / prema ke kAraNa vaha svayaM ko trAsa dekara apanI AtmA kA pariSkAra tathA prAyazcita karatA hai / jainendra kA jovana-darzana isa aura saiDijma phrAyaDa ke anusAra mAnava ke acetana mana me do prakAra kI mUla pravRttiyA hotI hai-- pahalI irosa yA kAma bhAvanA, jise prAtmarakSA kI prakRti bhI kaha sakate hai aura dUsarI seDijma arthAt para- pIDA rati / jainendra- sAhitya meM uparokta dono pravRttiyA dRSTigata hotI he / kAma pravRtti ( libiDo ) kA sva-rakSA ( selpha Dijaviga ) rUpa jainendra ke sAhitya meM astitva aura sRSTi vistAra ke rUpa me prApta hai / kAma-bhAvanA ke dvArA hI sRSTi kA vikAsa honA hai / seDijma arthAt para pIDA rati dvArA vyakti kI atA paratA ko trAsa dene meM hI santuSTa hotI hai / kAma arthAt strI-puruSa sambandha me parapIDA rati hI vizeSa rUpa se sahAyaka hotI hai | trAsa dene aura lene me hI Ananda kI upalabdhi hotI hai / kevala kAma-pravRtti ke kSetra me trAsa dene meM ahatA kA vigalana hotA hai, kintu isase pare vyakti svaya kaSTa jhelakara hI Atma-pariSkAra kara sakatA hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me 'grAmophona kA rikArDa', 'eka rAta' eva 'vijJAna' Adi kahAniyo me sva ko miTA dene kI utkaTa lAlasA dRSTigata hotI he / 'grAmophona kA rikArDa' me para- pIDana ke prabhAva me mAnasika vikSobha mana ko vyAkula kara detA hai aura anta meM 'maiM' ko kucala dene kI abhIpsA jAgrata hotI hai / prAya dekhA jAtA hai ki kAma bhAvanA se grasta vyakti para 1 'pazu pApa nahI kara sakatA, manuSya kara sakatA hai to isalie ki vaha usa paddhati se AtmAviSkAra kara sake / ' - jainendra kumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 544 / 'samaya aura hama', pR0 544 / 2 'pApI ko dukhI hI mAnie- - jainendra kumAra 3 jainendra kI kahAniyA [ bhAga cha ], pR0 52 /

Page #174
jainendra ke aha sambandhI vicAra 166 (AbjekTa) ko mArane me apanI ahatA kI tuSTi karatA hai tathA 'para' (strItva) pITe jAne me hI satuSTa hotA hai / 'mRtyudaNDa'' zIrSaka kahAnI meM pati dvArA patnI ke pITe jAne me eka prakAra se kAma bhAvanA aura ahatA kA hI poSaNa hotA hai| kalyANI ko jaba pITA jAtA hai to vaha svaya ko apamAnita nahI samajhatI varan isa prakAra vaha apanI AtmA kA pariSkAra hI karatI hai| mAno tADanA hI usakA bhogya hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me para-pIDana-rati se adhika 'Atma-pIDana' kI bhAvanA hI prApta hotI hai, kyoki unake pAtra dUsare ko trasita karane se adhika 'sva' ko vigalita aura dalita karane meM adhika santuSTa hote hai / jainendra kA Adarza Atma pIDana me vizeSata phalita hotA hai| mRNAla svaya ko kaSTa dene ke lie hI apane bhatIje ke pAsa nahI jaatii| vaha nahIM cAhatI ki usake kAraNa koI apamAnita ho / ataeva vaha svaya sAre kaSTa jhelate hue bhI AtmatuSTi kI prApti karatI hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me AtmapIDana kI bhAvanA sAmAjika stara para bhI dRSTigata hotI hai / 'sAdhu kI haTha' zIrSaka kahAnI me Atma-pIDana kA utkRSTa rUpa prApta hotA hai / sAdhu eka gRhastha ke ghara bhIkha mAgane jAtA hai, kintu pratiphala me use zarIrika tADanA milatI hai tathA gRhasvAminI ko bhI atyadhika pITA jAtA hai / becArA sAdhu bahuta dukhI hotA hai / usake mana me yahI bhAvanA jAgrata hotI hai ki sambhavata usame kahI ahatA chupI hai athavA usake AcaraNa me hI doSa hai, usakI bhakti me doSa hai jisake kAraNa becArI gRhasvAminI ko pati dvArA burI taraha pITA jAtA hai / sAdhu Izvara ke samakSa apane ko svatvahIna tathA ahakArazUnya banAne ke hetu prArthanA karatA hai| pati (darogA) ke krodha me use apanA hI doSa prajjavalita hotA huA dRSTigata hotA hai| isa prakAra vaha antata svaya pITA 1 jainendra kI kahAniyA, navA bhAga, pra0 sa0, 1664, dillI, pR0 sa0 78 / 2 jainendra kumAra jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 6, tR0 sa0, 1963, pR0 5 / 3 ... aoha prabhu kyA maine nahI cAhA ki vaha saba kucha mujhame se miTa jAya jo terA nahI hai ? kyA apane ko tujhe saupa kara tujhase nahI prArthanA kI ki mujhame, mere roma-roma me, mere aNu-aNu me tU aisA rama baiThe ki kisI ora bhAva ko kahI sthAna hI na rahe ? . 'maiM kyA karU, jisase vaha vyakti usa krodha ke pariNAma se dhula jAya, jo mere kAraNa usame paidA huA hai ? usa becAre kA aparAdha nhii| ...usakI AtmA ko prAtma-pIDana aura AtmatrAsa ke bhAra se halakA kara denA hogaa| agara mai gussA paidA kara sakatA ha to gusse kI mAra bhI jarUra mujha para paDanI cAhie, lekina usa mAtA ko kyo tU piTane de sakA ?... / -jainendra kumAra 'jainendra kI kahAniyA,' bhAga 6, tR0 sa0, 1963, pR0 14 /

Page #175
170 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana jAkara usa vyakti ke antasa se krodha (ahakAra) ko naSTa karanA cAhatA hai| anta me vaha saphala bhI ho jAtA hai| sAdhu ke dvArA jainendra ne Atma-pIDana kA bahuta uccAdarza vyakta kiyA hai / koI bhI vyakti kisI ko kaSTa dekara svaya santuSTa nahI ho sakatA / pati bhI jaba taka vinamra nahI ho jAtA taba taka usakI (pati kI) ahatA use pAgala banAe rahatI hai| prema aura samarpaNa me hI ahatA ke pariSkAra kI sambhAvanA dekhI jAtI hai / samarpaNa antata Izvaronmukha hI hotA hai| ___ uparokta saiDijma (para-pIDA) aura kAma-pravRtti kA pratinidhitva prema aura ghRNA kI pravRttiyo dvArA hotA hai / prema me AtmarakSA kI bhAvanA hotI hai, kintu ghRNA me vidhvasAtmaka pravRti jAgrata ho jAtI hai, jise phrAyaDa ne 'Detha insTikTa' kahA hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me ghRNA kA pratirUpa dhvasAtmaka pravRti ke rUpa me phalita hotA hai / jitena apane prema-pAtra kI aprApti tathA samarpaNa ke abhAva me pratikriyAvAdI ho jAtI hai / usakI ahatA toDa-phoDa me hI tuSTi prApta karatI hai / jitena dvArA gADI ke palaTane bhuvana mohanI ko jagala me le jAkara bhayabhIta karane me usakI ugra ahatA kA hI pradarzana hotA hai / kintu isa vasAtmaka ceSTA se ahatA vigalita nahI hotA, varan aura bhI kaThora banatA jAtA hai| 'ratnaprabhA'3 zIrSaka kahAnI me ratnaprabhA kA ekAkI jIvana use vikSipta tathA kaThora banA detA hai / kisI ke svecchada hAsa-parihAsa se usake mana me kacoTa hotI hai / usake acetana mana me vAsanA kA jo rUpa suSupta hai, vaha cetana para satoSa prApti kA vikRta mArga DhUDhatA hai| choTe-se bhole bAlaka ko vaha kAmottejaka pustake becane ke lie DATatI hai| usake mana me kahI se AvAja AtI hai ki vaha aisI pustake svacchanda rUpa se kyo becatA hai / usakA mana khula nahI paataa| usame kuThA hotI hai, isIlie vaha bAlaka ko pITatI hai / vaha use pITa kara apanI ahatA ko puSTa karanA cAhatI hai, isa prakAra usakA ahabhAva aura bhI ugratara hotA jAtA hai| use Atma-trANa nahI mila paataa| usake hRdaya ke prema ne niSedhAtmaka AcaraNa apanA liyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bholA bAlaka usake vaibhava kI ora bhI AkRSTa nahI hotA / ratnaprabhA apane vaibhava ke mada me cUra hotI hai| bAlaka ko lekara vaha ekAnta me rahane ke lie nainItAla bhI jAtI hai, kintu vahA bhI use santoSa nahI 1 Fraud - 'Ego and the Id' 2 jainendrakumAra 'virvata', 1653, pra0 sa0, dillI, pa.0 256 / 3 jainendra 'pratinidhi kahAniyA' (sa0 zivanandanaprasAda), dillI, 1966, pR0 276 /

Page #176
jainendra ke graha sambandhI vicAra 171 milatA / aura anta me vaha viSAda-roga (melana koliyA) se grasta ho jAtI hai, kyoki koI usakI antas-pIDA ko nahIM samajha pAtA aura na hI vaha use khulakara vyakta karane meM samartha hotI hai / vaha nahI jAnatI kI vaha kyA cAhatI hai, phira bhI andara se saba zUnya hai / bImArI kI avasthA me jaba acAnaka vaha bAlaka usake samparka me AtA hai to vaha phUTa paDatI hai| usakA antas vigalita ho uThatA hai aura vaha bAlaka ke netro me chalakate sneha-rasa me saba kucha pAkara tuSTa ho jAtI hai| antata bAlaka kI vinata karmazIlatA hI ratnaprabhA ke aha ko pariSkRta karake Izvaronmukha karane meM samartha hotI hai| ratnaprabhA kA dhana-mada cUra ho jAtA hai / ahakAra ke kAraNa hI vaha akicana bAlaka kA sneha prApta karane me asamartha thii| dhana ke vaibhava se pUrNa hote hue bhI vaha sneha ke abhAva me zuSka banI rahatI hai| anta me use jJAta hotA hai ki 'lakSmI cacala hai aura akicana bhakti hI vyakti kA sarvasva hai| yaha mai tumame dekha sakI / ahakAra kI jagaha yaha bAta mujha me basI rahe isake lie sadA tumhArA dhyAna dhruugii|3 jainendra ke sAhitya me ahatapta cetanA mAno sadA hArane ko taDapatI rahatI hai| pratiSThA aura mAna-sammAna kI prApti ke anantara bhI mana me eka riktatA banI rahatI hai / vyakti use kitanA bhI dabAnA cAhe tathA svaya para vijaya prApta karanA cAhe kintu vaha sarmatha nahI ho pAtA / ekAnta me ekAkI aha vikSipta ho uThatA hai, use apanI ahatA kA bodha trAsa dene lagatA hai / samarpaNa ke abhAva me saba kucha vyartha pratIta hotA hai| aisI sthiti me jo ceSTAe hotI hai, ve hisTIriyA kI hI paryAya hotI hai / hisTIriyA me vyakti kI aha-cetanA itanI 1 'isa chadmaveza me kyo jI, tuma kyo Ae ? yaha to parIkSA kA kAyadA nahI hai / lekina jaba maiM tumhe pahacAna gaI hU, chalanA me Ane vAlI nahI huuN| mere jJAna kI parIkSA hI lene Ae ho na tuma, bairAgI ? mujhe mAna para caDhAkara jhukate cale gaye, jhukate cale gaye / aba mai yaha khela samajha gayI hU, mere mhAne cAkara rAkho jI, prabhu mhaane...|' ---jainendra pratinidhi kahAniyA, pR0 265 / 2. mUla dvandva 'mai' aura 'sva' me hai usI ko kahie aha kA aura akhila kA dvandva / bhagavAna samaSTi me vyApta hai-'vaha sAgara hai mai bUda hU~' / yahI mUla dvandva hai| -jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 sa0 536 / 3 jainendra pratinidhi kahAniyA, pR0 266 / 4. jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 536 /

Page #177
172 jainendra kA jovana-darzana ugra ho jAtI hai ki sAmane hI samarpaNa na milane para vaha apane zarIra ko hI nocatA khasoTatA hai| aisI sthiti 'phobiyA'' me bhI pAI jAtI hai / 'dina rAta saberA'2 me mAnanIya kaviyatrI apane ahatA ke bojha ko sahana nahI kara pAtI 'vaha jaise cAhatI hai ki zarIra hI na raha jAe, saba barpha kI sila hI bana jaae| saba savedana jaDIbhUta hokara zUnyavat ho jAya / mai hokara jo tU ko khojanA aura yAda rakhanA paDatA hai so musIbata ke sivA kyA hai ? mai hI miTe to kitanA acchA ki saba 'usa' aura 'tuma' ko eka bAra hI chuTTI mila jaae|' usake mana me yahI cItkAra uThatA hai ki 'mai kyo, mai kyo ? aura vaha svaya ko dalita hote hue pAtI hai| hipanosisa kI sthiti me vaha svaya nocatI-khasoTatI hai / unmAdAvasthA me vaha dekhatI hai ki 'usako dalA aura masalA jA rahA hai unakA hI ceharA pIDA se aura Ananda se vihvala huA jA rahA hai| apanI hI kAyA dIkhatI hai aura hara ghoratA, hara barbaratA, hara abhyarthanA ora hara pUjA me use apanI kAyA me pulaka bharatA bhI dIkhatA hai / isa prakAra kaviyatrI apane ahatA ko vigalita karatI hai| usakA vahazIpana kAmukatA nahIM, varan sahajatA kI prApti kA prayAsa hai| pratyakSata vaha puruSo me mAnanIya samajhI jAtI hai| use una para hI uThAyA jAtA hai, kintu unakI ahatA kinhI caraNo me visarjita hone ke hetu unmatta rahatI hai| ataeva vaha parikalpanA me nahI para kI upasthiti kI anumati karatI hai / jainendra ke anusAra mAnava jIvana ke isa mahatvapUrNa satya kI upekSA nahIM kI jA sakatI / samAja me vyakti maryAdita ho sakatA hai, vahA usakI vivazatA hotI hai, kintu ekAnta me vaha apane antas me Alokita satya kI abhivyakti kie binA sahaja nahI ho pAtA / jainendra ke anusAra satya kI upekSA karake kabhI bhI sahajatA aura svAsthya kI kalpanA nahI kI jA sktii| unake sAhitya me kAmajanya jo bhI ceSTAe ghaTita hotI hai, uname kahI bhI apanI ora se hotA huA prayatna dRSTigata nahI hotaa| prayatna me vyakti kI aindrikatA kA bhAna hotA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vaha sva ke prati bahuta sajaga hai, kintu 'ni sva hokara ghaTita hone vAle bhAva me antarmana kI jaTilatA 1 jArja elina 'sAikoenAlisisa-TuDe', pra0sa0, 1648, briTena, / 2 jainendrakumAra jainendra kI kahAniyA, navA bhAga, pra0sa0, dillI, 1664 / 3 jainendra kI kahAniyA, navA bhAga, pra0sa0, dillI, 1964, pR0 176 / 4 'sabhya vyApAra me jinhe barbara aura amAnuSika mAnate hai, aise kATane-nocane Adi ke kRtyo mAno paraspara ko Ananda aura tRpti dene vAle hote hai| isa mithuna yoga me mAno hamArA kaba ahakRta lupta ho jAtA hai|' -jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0sa0 525 /

Page #178
jainendra ke graha sambandhI vicAra 173 hI sahajonmukha hotI hai / " yahI kAraNa ki jainendra kI dRSTi me pApa zarIra taka hI sImita nahI hai / unake anusAra pApa para ke niSedha me hai satya ke durAva me hai, satya kI svIkRti me nahI / jainendra ke sAhitya me grahacetanA se tapta vyakti phUTa-phUTa kara rote hue pAe jAte hai / rokara ve apanI AtmA kA pariSkAra tathA svatva kA visarjana karate hai / kAma aura brahmacarya jainendra ke sAhitya me sadaiva mahatA parAjita hote hue bhI dRSTigata hotI hai / unakI racanAo me graha ko vijita karane kA dambha sadaiva parAbhUta huA hai / ha ko vijita karake brahmacarya kI prApti ho sakatI hai yaha vyakti kA bala hai / yadi koI vyakti kAma kI upekSA karake svaya ko devatva ke Asana para pratiSThita karanA cAhatA hai, to use antata nirAzA aura azAnti kI prApti ho sakatI hai / sAsArika sambandho kI upekSA karake tathA indriyo ko pUrNata sayamita karake brahmacarya kI sAdhanA karane vAlA vyakti apanI atRpta vAsanA ke kAraNa kahI kA bhI nahI rahatA / unake mana me bhAvanA basa mathatI rahatI hai ki vaha vijita hai usane sva ko vaza me kara liyA hai / jainendra ke anusAra brahmacarya kI prApti brahma kI caryA me hI sabhava ho sakatI hai| pratyeka jIva me brahma kA nivAsa hai / para ke niSedha se graha - rati baDhatI hai| mAnava prANI vyAvahArika 1 'aisA nahI pratIta hotA ki hamane ceSTA karake AvaraNo ko eka-eka kara haTAyA hai, mAlUma aisA hotA hai ki jo saca hI thA use sahaja svIkAra kara liyA hai, vizeSa ceSTA kI AvazyakatA nahI huI hai / ' - jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 548 / 'nara-nArI kA dvandva dvaivata Adima hai, maulika hai| isI kujI se mAnava vyavahAra khulegA to khulegA / duniyA me zAnti aura yuddha kA prazna hai| ghaTanA ke paTa para rakhakara dekhe to vaha hisA-ahisA kA prazna ho jAtA hai / para dIkhatA hai ki vaha kAma aura brahma kI caryA se alaga prazna nahI hai / ' -- jainendrakumAra 'ananta', pR0 66 / 3 ' hamame jitanA jo hai, vaha apane Apa me para hai / aba bhagavAna vaha jo para hai, sva me bhI hai / graha vaha jo sva me hI hai, para me ekadama nahI hai / ' - jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 536 / 4 'jisako dRDhatA samajhA jAtA hai vaha kahI bhItara kI riktatA to nahI hai / merI svAvalambitA kahI merI sva-rati to nahI hai / apane ko bATA nahI hai pUrI taraha sayukta jo rakhA hai-- so yaha nipaTa graha kA avalamba to nahI hai / ' -jainedrakumAra 'vyatIta', dillI, pra0 sa0, pR0 sa0 10 / me 2

Page #179
174 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana jagata me rahakara hI pratibhAzAlI tathA mahAna bana sakatA hai, kintu sasAra kI upekSA karake devatva ko prApta karane kI abhilASA mAtra dambha nahI hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me hame brahmacarya kI nitAta vyAvahArika dRSTi ke darzana hote hai| 'bAhubalI', 'vicArazIla', 'vyartha prayatna', 'TakarAhaTa' tathA 'jayavardhana' Adi kahAniyo me jainendra ne ahatA kA niSedha karate hue samaSTi mAnava kI svIkRti ko hI parama Adarza mAnA hai| bAhubalI rAja-pATa tyAga kara apane zarIra ko tapa se kRSita karatA hai, phira bhI use mokSa nahI mila pAtA aura sasAra kA bhoga karane vAle bharata ko kevalya kI prApti ho jAtI hai, kyoki usame 'sva' ko vijita karane kI ahatA nahI hotI, vaha svaya ko mAnava-sevA me samarpita kara detA hai kintu bAhubalI ke mana me vaha ahakAra utpanna ho jAtA hai ki maiM vijita hai / yahI kATA usake kevalya kI prApti me bAdhaka hai| isIlie bAhabalI tapasyA choDakara saba ke prati prApya bana jAtA hai|' 'vicAra zakti' me rAkeza AcArya ke sAnnidhya me bahuta hI sayamapUrvaka rahatA hai / bhaktagaNa taka unakI pUjA karate hai kintu rAkeza kA mana bhItara se azAnta aura udvigna banA rahatA hai| usake mana me apanI ahatA tathA jhUThe Dhoga kA bodha hotA hai aura vaha apane prANa pAne ke hetu vikala rahatA hai| vaha sahaja bananA cAhatA hai / vaha socatA hai ki kyA indriyo ko vaza me karane ke kAraNa hI pUjya hai| usake mana me antardvandva calatA rahatA hai / kabhI vaha sasAra kI ora jhukatA hai aura kabhI jhUThI maryAdA use apanI ora khIcatI hai / antata vaha sasAra kI upekSA nahI kara paataa| sAsArika strI ke samakSa vaha apane mana ke rahasya ko bAra-bAra chipAtA hai, use 'mAtA' kahakara sambodhita 1 'bAhubalI vijita hai / yaha vaha becArA nahI bhUla sakatA hai|' -jainendra 'pratinidhi kahAniyA', pR0 178 / 2 'mai saba ke prati sadA suprApta rahane kI sthiti meM hI aba rhuugaa|' --janendra 'pratinidhi kahAniyA', pR0 176 / 3 bAhara kI ora khulane vAlI saba indriyo ko apane me prAtmastha karanA paDatA hai| isa sabase hI kyA vaha manuSya na hokara deva ho gayA hai ? yA sAmane pasArI jana manuSya se pazu bana gaye hai| -jainendra kI kahAniyA, navA sa0, pR0 161 / 4 'sasAra nindanIya aura vandanIya nahI hai|' -jainendra kI kahAniyA, navA sa0, pR0 135 /

Page #180
jainenda ke graha sambandhI vicAra 175 karatA hai, kintu anta me sAsArika prANiyo dvArA hI unakA mada cUra ho jAtA 'jayavardhana' me ilA nahIM cAhatI ki jaya devatA banA rhe| use alaukika puruSa banAkara atRpta nahI rahanA caahtii| antata usakA sneha hI vijita hotA hai| vastuta jainendra ke anusAra sasAra kI upekSA karake devatva kI prApti kI ceSTA me vyakti kI ahatA kA hI pradarzana hotA hai jo ki sahaja aura svAbhAvika nahI hai| ahakAra jainendra ne mAnava jIvana me kone se pare aha ke niSedhAtmaka ahakAramUlaka rUpa kA bhI vivecana kiyA hai / aha bhAva Atmarati se pare pratiSThA, parigraha, padalolupatA ke rUpa me bhI phalita hotA hai / jainendra ke anusAra ahakAra hisAkArI paryAya hai / sasAra me vahI vyakti vAstavika rUpa me pUjya aura, mAnanIya bana sakA hai, jisane svaya ko kucha bhI nahI samajhA / gAdhI, IsA Adi apane lie nahI jie aura na hI apane lie mare / unakA jIvana mAnavatA ko samarpita thA / svArtha bhAva se yukta vyakti kyA devatA bhI zAnti nahI prApta kara sktaa| jainendra kI 'bhadrabAha' zIrSaka kahAnI me indra abhimAna ke kAraNa Upara uThane kI lAlasA me nIce nahI dekhanA caahtaa| vaha svaya ko hI sarvezvara samajhatA hai kintu use caina nahI milatA vaha avijita hone kI lAlasA me vyAkula rahatA hai, kintu insAna kucha nayA hokara hI ajeya bana jAtA hai / abhimAnI dvandva mAnava jItanA cAhatA hai kintu vaha nahIM jAnatA ki ahazUnya hokara hI kisI ko jItA jA sakatA hai, kyoki vAstavika jaya to hRdaya ko jItane me hai aura vaha prema aura namratA ke mArga me hI sulabha ho sakatI hai| ___ vastuta jainendra ke sAhitya me abhimAnI vyakti kA mada prema ke samakSa sadaiva hI parAbhUta huA hai| usake samakSa satya eka hai anekatA sthira nahI raha sakatI / dveta 1 jainendra kI kahAniyA, navA sa0, pR0 135 / 2 'jaba vaha kucha nahI cAhatA tabhI vaha ajeya hai|' -jainendra pratinidhi kahAniyA, pR0 186 / 3 'abhimAna rakhakara kisI kA bhAva toDA nahI jA sakatA hai| para jisake pAsa nahI hai, usake pAsa AsU le ke jAyagA tabhI jiitegaa|| -janendra pratinidhi kahAniyA, pR0 187 / 4. 'prema me astitva galatA hai|' janendrakumAra 'anantara', pR0 140 /

Page #181
176 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana prema ke AkarSaNa dvArA hI advaita kI ora unmukha hotA hai / strI-puruSa kA sambandha ho athavA bhUta prakRti kA saba ke mUla me prema tatva hI pradhAna hai / 'me' 'tuma' kA bheda dvandva kA mUla hai jaba taka dvaita hai taba taka vyakti svaya se hI samAhita satyatA kA jJAna nahI prApta kara sakatA / jaba taka vyakti nispaha bhAva se paraspara milakara rahatA hai taba taka pragati usake caraNa cUmatI hai anyathA 'mai' 'tuma' ahisA ke prema taka mArga kI upekSA karake Apasa me hI vinaSTa hotA hai / 'nArada kA ardhya' kahAnI me ahakArI mAnava-prANI ke mana me cAro ora laharAtI khetI ko dekhakara lobha utpanna ho jAtA hai aura prema se milakara kAma karane vAle do sAthI svArthamaya parigrahI pravRtti ke kAraNa do pRthaka-pRthak aga bana jAte hai| 'apanA', 'merA' kA krIDA dono ke bhItara baiTha jAtA hai aura dono ne jhopaDe me Aga lagAkara apane sayukta prema ko svAhA kara diyA / ' 'isa prakAra dvaita bhAva ke jAgrata hote hI hisAtmaka pravRtti utpanna ho jAtI hai| ataeva jIvana me satya kI prApti ke lie dvandva se prema aura zAnti ke mArga ko apanAnA hI zreyaSkara hai aura vaha mArga 'advaita' arthAt abheda dRSTi kI prApti para hI sulabha ho sakatA hai| 'tatsat' kahAnI me vana ke vibhinna peDa podhe eka-dUsare se prazna karate hai ki 'vana kyA hai ?' kintu koI bhI nahIM samajha pAtA / bAsa apane ko kevala bAsa kA vRkSa samajhatA hai saba sva taka hI sImita hai| ve yaha nahI jAnate ki unakI samaSTi hI vana hai / jahA unakI ahatA (mai tU kA bheda) vilupta ho jAtA hai / usa ekatva me parama satya kA jJAna prApta ho jAtA hai ki vaha hai / 'saba kahI hai / saba kahI hai' 'hama nahI hai, vaha hai|' jainendra ke uparokta vicAro para gesTAlavAda kI pUrNa chApa dRSTigata hotI hai| gesTAla siddhAnta ke anusAra anekatA athavA rekhAe satya nahI hai| satya samaSTi me samAhita hai / jainendra ke sampUrNa sAhitya me gesTAlavAda ke samagratA ke siddhAta kI chApa dRSTigata hotI hai / jainendra ke anusAra akhaNDa Izvara kI prApti svatva ke visarjana dvArA hI ho sakatI hai| jaba taka vyakti aha cetana se tRpta rahatA hai taba taka vaha satya 'paramezvara AdamI kI isI apanI-apanI masyatA me paDhakara khaDa-khaDa ho gayA / aura una khaNDo ko lekara Adamiyo me asmitA kI utAvalI macane lgii|' -'anantara', pR0 85 / 2 jainendra 'pratinidhi kahAniyA', pR0 165 / 3 'dUra taka usakI tU-tU, maiM-maiM sunAI detI thii|' -jainendra . 'pratinidhi kahAniyA', pR0 163 /

Page #182
jainendra ke graha sambandhI vicAra 177 ko jAna hI nahI sakatA / 'maiM' avijita samajhane vAlA vyakti sadaiva grahatA se pIDita rahatA hai / 'vyartha prayatna' me cintAmariNa sAsArika viSaya-vAsanAo se Upara uThakara svayaM para vijaya prApta karanA cAhatA hai / vaha apane mana kI durbalatA ko vijita karanA cAhatA hai, kintu usakA dabha use hI pIDita karatA rahatA hai, kyoki satya mai ke samarpaNa dvArA hI prApya hai / samarpaNa prema me sambhava hotA hai / jJAnI jhukatA nahI, TUTa jAtA hai / isIlie jainendra jJAna ko dambha mAnate hai / 'vicAra' me yadi vyakti kA abhAva bahuta adhika sajaga rahe to vyaktitva santulita ho jAtA hai / 'vyartha prayatna' me cintAmaNi ke vicArapravAha me usakI hatA bahuta ugra rahatI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki graha kA vyaktitatva bahuta asantulita rahatA hai / niSkarSata jainendra ke sAhitya me graha kI sArthakatA astitva ke artha me hI svIkAra kI gaI hai, anyathA graha (jIva ) kI grahakAra mUlaka bhAvanA kA sadaiva niSedha kiyA gayA hai / 1. soca-vicAra me manuSya kA aham bahuta milA rahe to jaDa hotI hai usI ko kahate hai 'selpha kAzasa' / isa sthiti meM manuSya ke vyavahAra kA sarala bhAva naSTa ho jAtA hai / -- jainendrakumAra 'sunItA', pR0 sa0 135 /

Page #183
pariccheda - 6 jainendra aura samAja premacanda yuga IsA kI unnIsavI zatAbdI sAhitya kI dRSTi se pratyanta mahatvapUrNa hai / premacanda - yuga me mAnavatAvAdI rASTrIya bhAvanAo ko protsAhana milA / premacanda kA sAhitya sAmAjika dRSTi se bahuta adhika mahatva rakhatA hai / sAmAjika hita kI ora adhikAdhika dhyAna kendrita rakhane ke kAraNa hI ve yuga-puruSa bana gae / unhone apane upanyAsa aura kahAniyo dvArA sAmAjika kurItiyoM aura tatkAlIna vyavasthA kI ora dRSTipAta karate hue mAnava jIvana kI nirAzAjanaka sthitiyo me AzA kA sacAra kiyaa| unake sAhitya kA vyApaka pariveza samAja kI samasyA aura unake sudhAra kI bhAvanA se hI tadgata hai / jIvana kI yathArthatA unake sAhitya meM ghaTanAo ke kalevara me abhivyakta huI hai / premacanda kI yathArtha dRSTi tatkAlIna sthitiyo kA hI udghATana karane meM sakSama hai / usame AtmaniSTha satya se adhika sthitigata tathya kA prabhAva dRSTigata hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki premacanda ke sAhitya meM ghaTanAo kA bAhulya hai / unake pAtra tyAga sevA, sahAnubhUti, sahanazIlatA Adi mAnavIya guNo ke pratIka hai / yathArtha kA AdhAra lekara unhone apanA ArdazavAdI dRSTikoNa kA parityAga nahI kiyA hai / satya to yaha hai ki premacanda sAhitya sAmAjika aura naitika prAdarzo kA hI pratinidhitva karatA hai / yathArtha meM ye itanA nahI DUbe hai ki Adarza unase chUTa gayA ho / premacanda kI dRSTi me sAmAjika nIti aura maryAdA itanI prAvazyaka hai|

Page #184
jainendra aura samAja 176 ki vyakti una sAmAjika maryAdApo se pare jIvana ke satya ko samajhane me asamartha hai / satya to antarbhUta hI ho sakatA hai| ataeva jIvana ke satya kA bodha prApta karane ke lie bAhya jIvana kI ghaTanApro aura dvandvo se Upara uThanA Avazyaka hai / premacanda kA sAhitya tatkAlIna samAja kA korA phoTogrApha to nahI hai, tathApi usame sAmAjika jIvana kI pUrNa aura spaSTa abhivyakti huI hai| unakI kalAdRSTi tatkAlIna sthiti ke aga-pratyaga kA spaSTa citra abhivyakta karane meM sakSama hai| usame samAja kA eka-eka aga ubhara kara spaSTarUpa se prastuta huA hai / ghaTanAo ke sadRza hI lekhaka ne vyakti ke vyaktitva ko bhI aise aigila se dekhA hai, jisase usakI bAhyAvRtti pUrNata pratibimbita ho sakI hai, kintu yaha Avazyaka hai ki pratyeka vyakti eka vastu aura sthiti ko eka hI koNa se dekhe / dRSTi-bheda ke kAraNa abhivyakti ke svarUpa me bhI antara pAnA svAbhAvika hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me sAmAjika maryAdA kA ullaghana nahI kiyA gayA hai, tathApi unhone samAja ko isa dRSTi se dekhA hai, jisame bAhya sthUlatA se adhika Atmagata sUkSmatA hI lakSita hotI hai| jainendra ke sAhitya meM bhI jIvana kI yathArthatA Adarza se asampRkta nahIM hai, kintu unakI dRSTi me yathArtha ghaTanAbaddha na hokara satya se yukta hai aura Adarza kinhI nizcita mAnadaNDo taka hI parimita na hokara yathArtha se Upara uThane kI ceSTA me hI lakSita hotA hai / vastuta jainendra ne samAja kI sthitiyo se adhika sAmAjikapariveza me jIne vAle AdhAra rUpa vyakti ke antardvandvo ko abhivyakti dI hai| unakI kalAtmaka abhivyakti vyakti aura vastu ke sarvAgo ko ubhArane se adhika vyakti kI mana sthitiyo ko citrita karane meM sakSama hai| isa prakAra jainendra ke pAtra hame sthitigata kSobha na dekara apanI antarvyathA kA rasa dete hai / ve jIte to samAja me hI hai, kintu ve samAja ke ghAta-pratighAta ko svaya hI jhela lete hai / apanI pIDA ko lekara ve samAja para utbuddha nahI hote, yahI kAraNa hai ki jainendra ke pAtro dvArA hamAre samakSa sAmAjikatA gauNa ho jAtI hai aura antardvandva pramukha ho uThatA hai| jainendra ne sAmAjika samasyAlo se adhika samasyAo ke utsa ko hI prakaTa karane kI ceSTA kI hai| Adarzo kI ghisI-piTI sImAo me calatI huI vyakti-cetanA arthAt 'sva' ko jAnane kA prayAsa kiyaa| premacandayuga me sAmAjika nIti aura maryAdA ke kAraNa vyakti ke antas bhAvo kI pUrNAbhivyakti sambhava nahI ho sakI thii| vyakti samAja ke sandarbha me hI apane vyaktitva kA vikAsa karatA hai| ataeva samAja kI upekSA to sambhava ho hI nahI sakatI, kintu samaya ke sAtha sAmAjika niyamo me parivartana upasthita honA Avazyaka hai|

Page #185
180 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana jainendra ko sAmAjika dRSTi jainendra yathArthAnmukhI AdarzavAdI lekhaka hai / Adarza kI dharatI para paira Teka kara hI ve yathArtha ke unmukta pariveza me sacaraNa karate hai| bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUlabhUta AdarzoM kI rakSA karate hue hI unhone apane kathA sAhitya kI racanA kI hai / jainendra ke anusAra apanI saMskRti aura sabhyatA kA unmUlana karane vAlA samAja kabhI bhI pragati nahI kara sktaa| Aja pAzcAtya sabhyatA ke prabhAvasvarUpa sAmAjika maryAdAe samApta hotI jA rahI hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me strI-puruSa svAtantrya kA jo svarUpa dRSTigata hotA hai, usase yaha anumAna nahI lagAyA jA sakatA ki jainendra ne nitAnta svacchandatAvAdI dRSTikoNa ko apanAkara sAmAjika bandhana ko zithila kiyA hai / jainendra ne strI-puruSa sambandha me apanI svatantra-dRSTi dvArA jIvana ke prAkRtika aura mUlabhUta satya ko udghATita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| satya kA samAja aura maryAdA se koI sambandha nahI hai| jainendra ne samAja ke pariprekSya me mAnava-jIvana ko jisa rUpa me dekhA hai, usake mUla me strI-puruSa kA ardhanArIzvara bhAva hI pradhAnata mukharita huA hai| strI-puruSa svaya me apUrNa hai| ata unakA praraspara AkarSaNa svAbhAvika hI nahI, anivArya bhI hai| sRSTi ke Arambha se hI ardhanArIzvara kI bhAvanA mAnava jIvana meM vyApta rahI hai / rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, purANa Adi grantha isake sAkSya hai|' premacanda-yuga ke antima caraNa me sAhitya aura samAja me navIna mAnyatAo ko lekara bhAvAbhivyakti kA prayAsa huA hai| premacanda kI sAmAjika dRSTi / sudhAravAdI thii| samAja kI Arthika viSamatA se Uca-nIca ke bheda-bhAva lekara aneko samasyAe utpanna ho gaI thii| unhone gharelU jIvana se lekara rAjanaitika pariveza meM vyApta dvandvo kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai / jIvana me utpanna vividha samasyAno kI bhAti naitikatA aura anaitikatA kA prazna bhI samAja-sApekSya hI hai| samAja me jo prazna naitika aura anaitika kA rUpa letA hai, sAhitya me vahI zlIla aura azlIla rUpa me vivecita kiyA gayA hai / samAja me strI-puruSa sambandha nirvaiyaktika na hokara sambandha-sApekSya rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| strIpuruSa paraspara bhAI-bahana, mAtA-pitA, pati-patnI Adi sabadha sUtro me Abaddha hote hai| premacanda ne apane upanyAsa aura kahAniyo kA kathAnaka pArasparika rizte-nAto se hI DhUDhA hai / jainendra ne pati-patnI, va bhAI-bahana Adi sambandho 1 'sItA-rAma', 'rAdhAkRSNa', 'ziva-pArvatI' kI ardhanArIzvara kI mUrti isa kA pramANa hai|

Page #186
jainendra aura samAja 181 se pare strI-puruSa ko unake prakRta rUpa me svIkAra kiyA hai, yahI jainendra kI maulika dena hai| jainendra ne sAmAjika vyavasthA ko anivArya rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai| vyakti samAja me rahakara hI apane vyaktitva kA samucita vikAsa karatA hai tathA samAja hI use mAna aura pratiSThA pradAna karatA hai| yadi samAja na ho to vyakti kA vyaktitva svaya me arthahIna ho jAtA hai / 'tyAgapatra' me jainendra ne sAmAjika maryAdA kA jo rUpa pastuta kiyA hai, vaha unakI sAmAjika dRSTi ko vyakta karane me pUrNata sakSama hai| 'mRNAla' samAja kI krUra chAyA ke bhItara jIvanayApana karatI huI sAmAjika maryAdA ko antima sAsa taka banAe rakhatI hai| yadyapi yaha sthiti kabhI-kabhI atirajanApUrNa pratIta hone lagatI hai, kintu usame kahI jhUTha kI dIvAra nahI khaDI kI gaI hai| samAja ke krUra hAtho me dayA kA koI sthAna nahIM hai| vastuta 'tyAgapatra' me jainendra ne samAja ke tiraskRta tathA nitAnta avahelanIya pakSo ko apanI hArdikatA ke sasparza se ubhArane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, jisase unake dvArA prastuta vyakti ke prati hamame gaharI sahAnubhUti jAgRta ho uThatI hai| mRNAla apanI vyathA ko antas me chipAe hue pratiSThita samAja kI dRSTi se dUra calI jAtI hai / vaha svaya TUTa sakatI hai, kintu samAja me svaya ko lekara krAnti utpanna karanA use svIkAra nahI hai|' 'tyAgapatra' me mRNAla samAja kI maryAdA ko proDhe hue AtmapIDana ko hI prazraya detI hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa viSama sthiti me hI usake antas me koI aisI zakti avazya hai, jo use sadaiva jIvana se vimukha hone se vacita kie rahatI hai, aura vaha zakti hai, usakA antaniSTha prema / apane prema ko sArthakatA pradAna karane ke lie hI vaha apane jIvana ko nitAnta vastutA pradAna kara detI hai| mara kara vaha prema ke prati kRtArtha nahI ho sakatI thii| ataeva prema kI pIDA ko lie hue hI vaha apane jIvana kI iha lIlA samApta karatI hai / vastuta jainendra ne sAmAjika satya ke mUla me vyakti satya ko jIvana-zakti ke rUpa me antarbhUta kiyA hai| ve kahI bhI vyakti-nirapekSa hokara samAja kA citraNa nahI karate / jainendra ke sAhitya kA yaha sanAtana siddhAnta hai| parivAra aura vivAha sasAra strI-purupamaya hai| sRSTi ke prArambha se hI sasAra kevala strI-puruSa 1. 'maiM samAja ko toDanA-phoDanA nahI cAhatI hU, samAja TUTI ki phira kisake bhItara bnege|' - jainendrakumAra . 'tyAgapatra', pR0 sa0 72 /

Page #187
182 jainendra kA jovana-darzana ke nAnA sabadho dvArA cala rahA hai / kartA ekamAtra Izvara he, kintu pratyakSa jagat me kevala yahI do vyaktitva sakriya rahe hai / Adima yuga me mAnava jIvana kI koI vyavasthA nahI thI / manuSya apanI mUla pravRtiyo ko svacchanda rUpa santuSTa karatA thA / sabhyatA ke vikAsa ke sAtha strI-puruSa ke sambandha adhika vyavasthita hone lage hai / jyo- jyo uname viveka buddhi jAgrata huI ve jIvana kI vividha samasyAoM kI ora unmukha hue / parivAra vyavasthA ke krama meM hI eka mahatvapUrNa sopAna hai / parivAra vaha kendra hai, jahA strI-puruSa ke vivAha ke dhArmika saskAra ko sampanna karate hue santAnotpati tathA zArIrika, mAnasika, aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ora unmukha hote he / vaidika kAla se hI parivAra ke vyavasthita rUpa kA pramANa milatA hai / rAmAyaNa mahAbhAratakAlIna sabhyatA me pArivArika vyavasthA ko pUrNa prazraya prApta thA / bhArata me bIsavI sadI se pUrva adhikAzata sayukta parivAra kA hI pracalana yA kintu samaya ke parivartana ke sAtha-sAtha sayukta parivAra vighaTita hote gae / samAjavAdI yuga me sayukta parivAra kA koI mahatva nahI raha gayA hai / premacanda ke upanyAsa meM vikAzata saMyukta parivAra kI ghaTanAe hI kathAtmaka rUpa me hI prabhivyakta huI hai / gharelU jhagaDe, kalaha Adi kA citraNa unhone apane upanyAso me bahuta svAbhAvika rUpa se kiyA hai / jainendra ke upanyAso me sayukta parivAra kA vizeSata ullekha nahI huA hai / unake kathA sAhitya kA nikhAra vyakti ke saMdarbha meM hI dRSTigata hotA hai, parivAra ke pariveza me nahI / arthAt dvandva kA kAraNa pArivArika samasyAe na hokara, prAntarika utpIDana se udbhuta antardvandva hai / parivAra ko unhone vaivAhika jIvana ke lie anivArya mAnA hai / ve vivAha ko kisI bhI sthiti me upekSaraNIya nahI mAnate / ataeva vivAha ke sAtha parivAra kA honA svAbhAvika hI hai / ' jainendra bhAratIya saskRti ke pUrNa samarthaka hai / unakI dRSTi me vyavasthAhIna samAja Adima sabhyatA kA hI pratIka ho sakatA hai / kRSipradhAna yuga me sayukta parivAra hI vizeSarUpa se prApta hote the kintu isa udyogavAdI yuga me parivAra kevala pati-patnI taka simaTa gayA hai| itanA hote hue bhI jIvana nitAta parIkSaNa 1 'vivAha hI hai jo hame sasAra me pahucane kA rAstA detA hai / ' bIsa kI pUrNatA hote hI ikkIsavA varSa apane Apa usa para A jAyagA / vivAha kI aisI hI sahaja pariragati maiM mAnatA hU / ' - jainendrakumAra 'kAma, prema aura parivAra', 1661, pra0 sa0 dillI, pR0 sa0 20-21 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 sa0 137 /

Page #188
jainendra aura samAja athavA mukta prayoga nahI ho sakatA / usake lie avalamba hI AvazyakatA hai| mAnavatA isI rUDha sasthA (parivAra) para kAyama hai jo ki svaya vivAha para TikI hai| jainendra ne vivAha ko eka sAmAjika saskAra mAnA hai| strI-puruSa vivAha dvArA hI paraspara milate tathA santAnotpAdana me sahAyaka hote hai / jainendra ke upanyAsa bauddhika yuga kA pratinidhitva karate hai| uname vyakti kI aAtmika samasyA aura antardvandva kA vizeSa rUpa se vivecana kiyA gayA hai / janendra ne nAnA sambandho se pare unhe mAtra strI-puruSa ke rUpa me samajhane kI ceSTA kI hai| unhAne strI-puruSa ke antarmana kI gaharAI me praveza karake dalita bhAvo kI sahajAbhivyakti kA prayAsa kiyA hai| prAcIna rUDhigata, pardA aAdi prathAno para unhone vicAra nahI kiyA hai / yugAnurUpa unake pAtra pragatizIla tathA svacchanda vicAro ke poSaka hai| unake anusAra-'jIvana mUlya tejI se Arthika banate jA rahe hai| usa vega me jAna paDatA hai ki parivAra aura sammilita parivAra kA rUpa choTA ho jAne ko bAdhya hai| mAlUma hotA hai ki yadi Arthika sabhyatA kA daurAdaura rahA to yaha pariNAma ghaTita hue binA na rhegaa| lekina pArivArika ikAiyA svaya usa Arthika sabhyatA kI bADha ko roke hue hai| vastuta jainendra vivAha aura parivAra ko anivArya rUpa se svIkAra karate hai / unake upanyAsa aura kahAniyo kA kathAnaka vaivAhika aura pArivArika-pariveza me hI phalita huA hai| unake do navInatama upanyAsa 'mukti-bodha' aura 'anantara' kI kathA me pArivArika sambandho ke madhya hone vAle matabheda ko bhI vizeSata prazraya milA hai| pitA-putra, tathA beTI-dAmAda ke madhya ghaTita ghaTanApro ko pArivArika stara para hI citrita kiyA gayA hai| anya prArambhika upanyAso me parivAra to hai, kintu parivAra kI ghaTanApro athavA samasyAo kI ora koI dhyAna nahI diyA gayA hai / vahA bAhya ghaTanA se adhika mAnasika tanAva dRSTigata hotA hai| ___ jainendra ke upanyAso me parivAra kI sthiti bahuta hI nirbala hai| unhone parivAra ko vaivAhika saskAra sampanna karane kA hetu-mAtra hI mAnA hai| ghara me bAhara ke praveza dvArA unhone parivAra ko svastha banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| parivAra ke dAyitva ko vivAha me hI sImita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / vivAha ke pare bacco kI zikSA-dIkSA Adi ke hetu bhI parivAra kA astitva anivArya hai| vyaktitva kA samucita vikAsa parivAra ke sauhArdrapUrNa pariveza me hI sambhava ho sakatA hai / jainendra ke upanyAso me parivAra kA koI ucca Adarza dRSTigata / 1 jainendra 'prazna aura prazna', 1966, pra0 sa0, pR0 sa0 174 /

Page #189
184 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana nahI hotA / 'sukhadA' meM pArasparika tanAva ke kAraNa bacce kI zikSA svaya me eka samasyA bana jAtI hai / pArivArika tanAva kI sthiti me vyaktitva kA vikAsa avaruddha ho jAtA hai / jainendra ke pAtra vyaktigata jIvana kI mAnasika ulajhana ke kAraNa samAja me apanA viziSTa sthAna nahI banA pAte / jainendra kI racanAo me utanA vaiSamya dRSTigata hotA hai ki unake sambandha me koI nizcita fort nahI banAyA jA sakatA / 'kalyANI' me jo vyathA hai, vaha 'mukta - prayoga' kI svacchandatApUrNa paristhiti meM sambhava nahI ho sakI hai / bhAratIya saskRti ke Adarza usame luptaprAya ho jAte hai / 'tyAgapatra' me eka vivAha saphala na hone para dUsarA sabhava nahI huA hai kintu 'mukti prayoga' me vaivAhika anubandha bhI prayoga mAtra raha gae hai| eka ke bAda dUsare sambandha kI ora unmukhatA hI pramukharUpa se dRSTigata hotI hai / uparokta virodhAbhAsa ko dekhate hue unake vicAro ke sambandha me eka sunizcita vicAra nirdhArita karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai / tathApi yaha satya hai ki jainendra parivAra ke astitva kA khaNDana samAja ke hita ke lie upayogI nahI samajhate / parivAra aura vivAha samAja kI bAhya aura anivArya sthitiyA hai / jainendra ke sAhitya meM utpanna hone vAlI viSamatA samAja ko lekara nahI hai, varan vyakti kI saccAI ko lekara udbhUta huI hai / unake sambandha me yaha kahanA ki unhone samAja kA virodha kiyA hai, ucita nahI hai / samAja satya hai, kintu samAja ke sAtha vyakti kI satyatA kA niSedha nahI kiyA jA sakatA / samAja vyakti se hI hai aura vyakti kI sArthakatA bhI samAja me hI sambhava hai / " vivAha aura prema jainendra ke sAhitya kI sabase baDI samasyA vivAha me prema ko svIkAra karane ke kAraNa hI utpanna hotI hai / vivAha aura prema ( dAmpatya aura romAsa ) ko ve jIvana saritA ke do samAnAntara kinAro ke rUpa me svIkAra karate hai / unake anusAra vaivAhika jIvana me yadi bAhara se Ane vAle prema ko niSiddha kara diyA jAya to vaivAhika jIvana me eka ghuTana sI utpanna ho jAyagI / vaivAhika jIvana gavAkSa hai, koTharI nahI hai / 'sunItA' me pArivArika jIvana kI udAsInatA se mukti pAne ke hetu hI sunItA aura zrIkAnta ke madhya hariprasanna kA praveza hotA hai / 'sukhadA' me sukhadA vivAha se pUrva apane bhAvI jIvana ke sambandha me jo 1 'vaiyaktika nirA kucha bhI nahI hotA, saba kucha sAtha hI sAmAjika hone ko vivaza hai / ' -- jainendrakumAra 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAnta' ( prakAzita) /

Page #190
jainendra aura samAja 185 svapna dekhatI hai, ve pUrNa nahI ho pAte / abhAvagrasta sthiti use bAhara se Ae AkarSaNo kI ora unmukha karatI hai, kyoki yaha manovaijJAnika satya hai ki viSama mana sthiti me vyakti kA jhukAva tvarA aura bAhya AkarSaNa kI ora hI adhika hotA hai| lAla kA bhavya vyaktitva use isIlie prabhAvita karane me sakSama ho sakA hai, aisI sthiti me ghara kA vAtAvaraNa asantoSajanaka ho jAtA hai| pati-patnI kA Atmika milana sambhava nahI ho paataa| 'kalyANI' me kalyANI aura usake pati kA sambandha itanA zakAgrasta hotA hai ki uname ekadUsare ke prati samarpaNa bhAva jAgrata hone kA prazna hI nahI utthtaa| jainendra ke anya upanyAso me pati kI ora se patnI ko prema sambandha kI pUrI chUTa rahatI hai| pati kabhI bhI patnI ke prati utkuddha nahI hote, kintu kalyANI apane pUrva premI ke prati apane prema-bhAva ko prakAzita karane meM asamartha hotI hai / usakA prema bhItara hI bhItara sulagatA rahatA hai| usakI samasta vedanA ke mUla me prema kI aprApti bhI hai / 'muktibodha' tathA 'anantara' me pati ke jIvana me premikA kA praveza hotA hai| __yadyapi yaha satya hai ki dAmpatya jIvana ko ghara kI dIvAro me hI sImita kara dene se jIvana bojha bana jAtA hai| sukhI jIvana ke lie Avazyaka hai ki pati-patnI eka-dUsare ke prati vizvasta ho, uname aprema athavA ghaNA kA bhAva nahI honA caahie| jIvana meM pratyeka strI-puruSa pati-patnI ke atirikta bAhara se milane vAle prema ke bhI prArthI hai| sneha aura vAtsalya ke atirikta uname rAgAtmaka bhAva kI ora bhI unmukhatA hotI hai| yaha jIvana kA satya hai, satya ko chipAkara chala se koI prAdarza sAdhanA nahI ho sktii| jainendra ke anusAra samAja ke niyama samaya-sApekSa hote hai| satya ke mArga me sadAcAra bAdhaka nahI bana sakatA / satya ko dRSTi me rakhate hue sadAcAra kA rUpa bhI parivartita honA Avazyaka hai| jainendra vaivAhika jIvana me prema ko anaitika kRtya nahI mAnate / ve ni sakoca rUpa se apanI samasta kahAniyo aura upanyAso me aisI vicAradhArA 1 'sAmAjika maryAdA satya kI sAdhanA kI rAha me Apa hI banatI hai / Azaya ki samAja kI maryAdA svaya sthira nahI hai, vikAsazIla hai / sadAcAra me prAcAra ko pIche mAnie, sat pahale hai / sat ke anusandhAna me AcAra ko Age bar3hate hI jAnA hai / isa taraha rUDha sadAcAra aura sajIva sadAcAra me hara kArya me kucha antara dekhA jA sakatA hai|' -jainendrakumAra 'kAma, prema aura parivAra', pR0 sa0 67 /

Page #191
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana ko AdhAra banAkara cale hai| unakI dRSTi me vaivAhika jIvana me prema sambandha kI svIkRti se sAmAjika-maryAdA bhaga nahI hotI / ve prAdarza nArI kI parikalpanA ko kisI spaSTa maryAdA-rekhA para AdhArita nahI karate / isa sambandha me sAmAjika hastakSepa ko bhI ve ucita nahI smjhte| vastuta jainendra ke anusAra maryAdA kA prazna kevala vaivAhika jIvana kI svIkRti taka hI sImita hotA hai| prema maryAdA ke badhana se mukta hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me 'vivAha sAmAjika sasthA hai, usase parivAra banatA hai| use kevala do kA nijI sambandha samajhanA aura usa AdhAra para vivAha ko sthApita karanA galata hogaa| kyoki taba usakI pUrNatA sAmAjika na hokara kAmuka hogii|'2 pati-patnI kA sAmAjika honA Avazyaka hai| deza, samAja aura rASTra ke prati bhI unakA kucha kartavya hai jise ghara kI dIvAro se bAhara Akara hI pUrNa kara sakate hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me 'vivAha dAyitva lAtA hai aura prema mukta hai / usa para jimmedArI nahI AnI cAhie / jainendra kI vivAha aura prema mambandhI parikalpanA 'vivarta' meM hI saphala ho sakI hai| vahA vivAha saura prema samAnAntara rUpa se calate haiN| dono sambandho me prema aura Adara kA bhAva vidyamAna rahatA hai / premI aura pati ko lekara mAnasika tanAva kI sthiti nahI utpanna hotii| pati Arthika dRSTi se atyanta samRddha tathA suzikSita aura ni zaka prakRti ke he / isIlie pati kI ora se koI dabAva nahI utpanna hotA hai| bhuvanamohinI aura jitena ke prema sambandho ke kAraNa parivAra para koI prAca nahI aatii| jitena kI prema-bhAvanA atRpti ke kAraNa krAnti me sthAnAntarita ho jAtI hai| jitena kI samasta visphoTaka ki yAe aprApti me se hI udbhUta hotI hai, kintu una samasta kriyAo kA bhuvanamohinI para koI prabhAva nahI pddtaa| vaha jitena kI vivazatA ko jAnate hue usake prati agAdha sneha rakhatI hai| jainendra kA lakSya vivAha me prema dvArA svastha vAtAvaraNa ko udbhUta karanA hai / ve patipatnI kI nikaTatA ke lie bAhara se Ane vAle prema ko Avazyaka samabhate hai| rAdhA-kRSNa aura mIrA ke jIvanAdarza kI aora igita karate hue yaha mAnate hai ki vivAha aura prema me, pati-patnI ke madhya Adara kA bhAva kama nahIM hotaa| mIrA rANA se ghRNA nahIM karatI, vaha unake dvArA die gae sabhI padArthoM kA 1 'vivAha ke atirikta samAja kI garyAdA dUsarI aura kyA hai ?' __-~-jainendra kumAra 'kAma , prema aura parivAra', pR0 sa0 110 / 2 jainendra kumAra 'kAma prema aura parivAra', pR0 sa0 16 / 3 jainendra kumAra 'itastata', pR0 sa0 35 /

Page #192
jainendra aura samAja hArdika zraddhA ke sAtha upabhoga karatI hai, kintu mIrA aura rAdhA asAmAnya Adarza hai| sAmAnya jIvana me unake Adarzo kI parikalpanA sambhava nahI ho sakatI, kyoki mIrA jIvanaparyanta kRSNa kI dIvAnI rahatI hai| usake jIvana me parivAra kA koI sthAna nahI raha jaataa| jainendra ke pAtra bhI apane prema ke kAraNa hI vivAha se prApta hone vAlI viSama sthitiyo ko saharSa hI jhelate hai| 'sunItA' me vIrAna jagala me jaba sunItA hariprasanna ke samakSa pUrNa-samarpaNa karane ke bAda lauTatI hai to unakA mana zAnta rahatA hai / vaha puna apane parivAra me sukha-zAnti kA vAtAvaraNa udbhUta karane meM sakSama hotI hai| sunItA me jainendra kA prAdarza apanI pUrNatA me parilakSita hotA hai / kintu rAdhA aura mIrA ke jIvana ke sAtha sunItA ke jIvana me samatA nahI dikhAyI jA sktii| rAdhA aura mIrA me atRpti nahI hai| ve svecchA se kRSNa ke samakSa pUrNa AtmasamarpaNa karatI hai| jainendra ke upanyAso kA dvandva kevala prema ko lekara hI nahI utpanna hotA, usame 'ghara-bAhara' ke madhya asantulana kI sthiti hI vizepata khaTakatI hai| unhone vivAha me prema ko do-cAra sthalo me hI ghaTita hote hue nahIM darzAyA hai, varan unakA samasta kathA-sAhitya isI dhurI para AdhArita hai| unake anusAra pati-patnI me premI-premikA samApta nahI ho sakate / alaga se unhe honA hI hai| dono kA honA banda nahI hone vAlA / ' jainendra kI vivAha aura prema sambandhI vicAradhArA samasAmayika adhikAza lekhako me dRSTigata hotI hai| suprasiddha vidvAna haivalAka elisa isa sambandha me yaha spaSTata svIkAra karate hai ki-'hara puruSa aura striyo me dUsare vyaktiyo ke prati kamobeza kAmAtmaka rUpa me atirajita sneha rahane kI kSamatA hotI hai| cAhe vaha vyakti apanI kendrIya sneha ke prati kitanA hI ekagAmI ho / 3 elisa ke anusAra dAmpatya jIvana me prArambha me saba kucha ajJAta rahatA hai / ata dhIre-dhIre pati-patnI ke madhya snehapUrNa sambandha sthApita ho sakatA hai aura unakA bAharI khicAva kama ho jAtA hai| vastuta jainendra ke anusAra-'vivAha jIvana ko vistAra detA hai, paridhIya kendra nahI detaa| vivAha dvArA hama apane prema kA vistAra karane kA avakAza 1. jainendra kumAra 'itastata', pR0 sa0 68 / 2 rAmezvara zukla 'ulkA' hindI pracAraka, pR0 sa0 185 / tathA ajJeya 'nadI ke dvIpa meN| 3 haivalAka elisa 'yauna manovijJAna', pR0 270 /

Page #193
180 jainendra kA jovana-darzana pAte hai / yadi vivAha prema ko gherane vAlI cIja ho jAya to parivAra jela hai / svatvamUlaka parivAra jakaDabanda bana jAtA hai / usame jIvana kA vikAsa avaruddha ho jAtA hai / kintu vivAha dvArA prema banda nahI hotA, varan phailane ke lie kendra prApta kara letA hai, tabhI usakI sArthakatA hai / " jainendra kA vizvAsa hai ki ghara me prema Atithya ke rUpa me AtA hai / jisa prakAra pratithi kA satkAra gRhasvAmI aura gRhasvAminI kA dharma he isI prakAra bAhara se Ae hue prema kI svIkRti bhI unakA dharma hai / svIkRti meM tiraskAra kI bhAvanA nahI baDhatI, varan jIvana me sahajatA kA samAveza hotA hai aura pArasparika tanAva nahI baDha pAtA / prAya dekhA jAtA hai ki parivAra me bAhara se Ane vAle vyakti para bahuta kaDI dRSTi rakhI jAtI hai, jisase sahajatA dabAva ke kAraNa vyabhicAra meM pariNata ho jAtI hai / jainendra ke anusAra paraspara vizvAsa rahane ke kAraNa Ane-jAne vAlo ko burA nahI lagatA aura parivAra kA svAsthya banA rahatA hai / avizvAsa me chala aura kapaTa kI bhAvanA paidA hotI hai / usa sthiti me vyabhicAra kI ora abhimukhatA banI rahatI he / jainendra ke anusAra vivAha me bAhara anupasthita rahe to jIvana udAsIna ho jAtA hai / jahA praveza niSiddha hai, vahA utkarSa nahI / ghara kI sArthakatA bAhara baDhane ke lie suvidhA dene me hai / jainendra kI uparokta mAnyatA unake sampUrNa sAhitya me dRSTigata hotI hai / jahA kahI parivAra TUTatA hai athavA nirbata pratIta hotA hai, usake mUla me zakA janya avarodha hI vidyamAna hai / jainendra kA yaha vizvAsa hai ki samAja kI maryAdA - rekhA kisI viziSTa sthAna yA sthiti para khicI huI nahI mAnI jA sakatI / unake anusAra --- 'maryAdA kI rakSA ( sAmAjikatA kI ) aura sArthakatA ( prema kI ) -- isase siddha hotI hai jahA ina dono kA samanvaya baiThatA ho vahI maryAdA kI rekhA hai / yadi surakSA yA sArthakatA akele cale to pragati aura asantulana utpanna ho jAegA aura uccha khalatA A jAegI / " jainendra ke anusAra maryAdA aura prema ke bIca chala ke praveza se maryAdA kI surakSA nahI ho sakatI / vastuta jainendra prathama lekhaka hai, jinhone sAmAjika niyama, mAnyatAo kA dhyAna rakhate hue bhI jIvana me prema ko anivArya rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai / unakA vicAra sAmAjika mAnyatAo ko khaNDita karanA nahI hai / Adhunika lekhako ke saha pracalita mAnyatAo ko ukhADa phekanA ve ucita nahI samajhate / unhone navInatA ke poSaNa hetu koI kadama nahI uThAyA / unake jIvana aura 1 jainendra se sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para prApta vicAra | 2 jainendra se sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para prApta vicAra /

Page #194
jainendra aura samAja 186 sAhitya kA ekamAtra lakSya satya kA udghATana karanA hai / jainendra kA sAhitya samAja kA hI darpaNa nahI hai, varan vaha vyakti jIvana ke antardvandva ko ubhArane me bhI sahAyaka hai / parivartanazIla mAnyatAe samAja me rahakara usakI maryAdAo kI upekSA nahI kI jA sakatI / kintu unakI dRSTi meM sAmAjika niyama bhI patthara kI rekhA nahI hai / jIvana parivartanazIla hai / ataeva sAmAjika niyamo kA bhI parivartanIya honA Avazyaka hai / anyathA 'pragati' zabda nirarthaka hI pratIta hogA / vyakti sAmAjika prANI hai / ataeva usa para samAja kI maryAdAo kA lAgU honA sagata hai kintu jainendra ke anusAra prema sAmAjika maryAdA ke antargata nahI AtA / ' ve samAja kI maryAdAko antima vastu nahI mAnate / unakI aisI dhAraNA hai ki 'sva' se mukta hokara hI vyakti athavA samAja kI pragati sambhava ho sakatI hai / prema ke mArga me jo loga samasta bandhano kI upekSA karate hue Age baDhate jAte hai, ve hI kAlAntara me pUjya bana jAte hai / isa dRSTi se mIrA kA Adarza spaSTa pramANa hai / mIrA yadi prArambhika bAdhAo se vicalita hokara prema se vimukha ho jAtI to Aja vaha itanI mAnya nahI ho sakatI thI / jainendra ke jIvana aura sAhitya kA mUla svara prema hone ke kAraNa, kisI bhI sthiti me asvIkArya nahI ho sakatA | jainendra ke anusAra samAja me naitikatA kI jo duhAI dI jAtI hai, vaha kevala Upara se thopI huI mAnyatA hai unakI dRSTi meM saccI naitikatA to paraspara ke vizvAsa me se phalita hotI | vivAha ke vartamAna rUpa me sArA dhyAna vivAhettara sambandho para itanA kendrita rahatA hai ki vyabhicAra kahakara hama usI kI duhAI dete raha jAte hai aura samAja ke zarIra me vivAha kI rUDha praNAlI se roga ke gahare kITANuo kI ora se vimukha bane rahate hai / vivAha ke nIce kitanA saDAdha, kaluSa aura mAlinya upajatA aura jamA hokara roga utpanna karatA hai, isakA hama lekhA-jokhA hI nahI lete| aisI sthiti me bhI hama Upara se sAmAjika bane rahane kA garva karate hai / vastuta aise moTApe se kyA lAbha jo zarIra ke roga ko chipAe hue ho / vAstavikatA yahI hai ki Aja kA samAja UparI maryAdA aura Adarza kA colA pahane hue bhItara kAlimA se lipaTA hai / ataeva yadi sAhityakAra usa kaluSa ke ukta kI ora dhyAna kendrita karatA hai / 1 jainendra kumAra 'kAma, prema aura parivAra', pR0 143 // 2. jainendra se sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para prApta vicAra /

Page #195
160 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana to samasyA kA nidAna bAhara nahI DhUDhanA pddegaa| jainendra ke anusAra 'saskRti svIkAra pUrvaka hI prakRti ko saskAra de sakatI hai, usakA ikAra nahI kara sakatI / kAmAkarSaNa sarvatra vyApta hai| nara-nArI yoga para sRSTi TikI hai| kyo na kahA jAya ki brahmANDa TikA he, kAraNa, vaha AkarSaNa cara me hI nahI, acara me bhI vyApta hai|' ___ jainendra ke anusAra sambandha ke vistAra me patnI kA satItva bhaga nahI hotA varan aura bhI puSTa hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki ve satI ko patnI se adhika mahAnatA pradAna karate hai| unakI dRSTi me satI visarjitA hai aura patnI kevala vivAhitA / agara vivAhita hokara patnI visarjitA na ho jo ki sambhAvya hI nahI, balki aha hai, to satItva se vaha patnItva ulTA paDatA hai / jaba ki jainendra ke anusAra binA vivAha ke eka kumArI bhI prema me kisI ke prati visajitA hokara Adarza satI ho jAtI hai| jina satiyo kA purANo me mAhAtmya hai ve patnI kI paribhASA para kharI utarane vAlI hai / rAdhA satIziromaNi samajhI jAtI hai, para kRSNa ke kAraNa, jo unake vivAhita pati nahI the / vastuta jainendra kI dRSTi me patnI sAmAjika hotI hai aura satI AdhyAtmika / prema-vivAha jainendra prema aura vivAha ko samAnAntara rUpa se svIkAra karate hue bhI prema-vivAha ke pakSa me nahI hai / unhone apane kathA-sAhitya me prema-vivAha ko kisI bhI sthiti me svIkAra nahI kiyA hai / yadyapi premamUlaka svatantratA ko dekhate hue unakA yaha dRSTikoNa asagata-sA pratIta hotA hai / jainendra ke anusAra vivAha sAmAjika saskAra hai, ata usame samajhaute ke hetu avakAza rahatA hai| prema vivAha vyakti aura samAja dono dRSTiyo se hAniprada hai / unake vicAra me vivAha jaisA pavitra saskAra mAtA-pitA ke AdezAnusAra hI sampanna honA caahie|' prema-vivAha Avega aura bhAvAveSa kI sthiti me hI hotA hai / usa samaya viveka buddhi kArya nahI karatI / prema mukta hotA hai / vaha dAyitva nahI grahaNa karatA kintu 1 jainendra kumAra 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAnta' (aprkaashit)| 2 jainendra se sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para prApta vicAra / 3 'vivAha me prema kA Agraha itanA anivArya nahI, jitanA mAtA-pitA, gurujana, bandhu-bAdhava kA sayoga aura aashiirvaad|| ---janendra kumAra : 'kAma, prema aura parivAra' pR0 sa0 40 /

Page #196
jainendra aura sagAja 161 jaba prema ko vivAha me prAbadva kara diyA jAtA hai to usame pArasparika sohArda se adhika tanAva kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai / gRhasthI yathArtha jagata kI ghaTanA hai| prema atIndriya tathA prAtmaloka kI abhivyakti hai| jainendra ke anusAra vyavasthita vivAha me pArasparika tanAva hone para bhI eka-dUsare ke prati ghRNA aura tiraskAra kI bhAvanA nahI utpanna hotii| 'pyAra kA tarka' kahAnI me unhone prema-vivAha kA pUrNa niSedha kiyA hai| isa kahAnI me unhone prema vivAha sambandhI vicAro ko bahuta spaSTatA ke sAtha vaNita kiyA hai| jainendra ke anusAra prApti kI kAmanA me prema kA poSaNa nahI hotA / prema me tyAga anivArya hai| prema-pAtra se dUrI hone para bhI Atmika stara para milana-sukha kA-sA Ananda prApta hotA hai, kintu prema me vaivAhika bandhana utpanna karane se ghRNA athavA tanAva kI sthiti utpanna ho jAtI hai| jo ki asahyanIya hai| prema ke abhAva me jIvana kisI prakAra sambhava ho sakatA hai, kintu ghRNA vyakti ke pArasparika sneha aura prema ko sadaiva ke lie vinaSTa kara detI hai| vivAha rumAnI prema para nahI Tika sakatA / 'jisa prema para vivAha sacamuca TikA raha sakatA hai, vaha vyakti prema nahI, dharma prema hotA hai / vaha kartavya ke nAte prema hotA hai, rUpa ke nAte prema nahI huA krtaa|'' jainendra vivAha ke sambandha me puruSArya se adhika bhAgya ko mahatvapUrNa mAnate hai / bhAgya ke nirNaya para vyakti santuSTa rahatA hai, usame dvandva yA Agraha kI sthiti nahI utpanna ho sakatI / puruSArtha me vyakti kA aha prabala rahatA hai aura dono ora se Agraha hone ke kAraNa jIvana tanAvapUrNa tathA asatoSajanaka sthiti se gujaratA hai / jainendra vivAha ke hetu svaya vara ke cunAva ko ucita nahI maante| ve vivAha me dhArmika vRtti ko Avazyaka samajhate hai| vastuta jainendra ke sAhitya me prema-vivAha ko kisI bhI sthiti me svIkRti nahIM mila sakI hai| unake upanyAso me prema-sambandha adhikAzata vivAha ke bAda hI dRSTigata hotA hai / 'vivarta' me vivAha ke pUrva hI prema sabadha kI parikalpanA kI gayI hai, kintu prema-vivAha sambhava nahI ho sakA hai| jainendra ke anusAra prema jIvana kA anivArya aga hai| prema ke abhAva me jIvana jaDavat 1. jainendra kumAra 'prazna aura prazna', pR0 sa0 166 / 2 'apane ko lekara strI yA puruSa ko vivAha ke kSetra me sAthI cunane ke lie nikala jAnA paDe, isa avasthA ko mai bahuta unnata sAmAjika vyavasthA nahI maantaa|' -jainendrakumAra . 'prazna aura prazna', 1662, pra0 sa0, pR0 168-66 /

Page #197
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana 162 ho jAtA hai, kintu prema-vivAha dvArA prema me utsarga ke sthAna para dAyitva kA bhAva baDha jAtA hai / vyavasthita vivAha ke pazcAt bhI prema sthAyI rahatA hai vastuta 'jainendra ne prema ke sthAyitva ke hetu prema vivAha kA niSedha kiyA hai / 'tyAgapatra' me mRNAla kA prema-vivAha sambhava nahI ho sakA hai / mRNAla sAmAjika maryAdA ko sthAyI rakhate hue bhI apane grantas ke prema ko vinaSTa nahI hone detI / usake hRdaya me apane premI pAtra ke prati ghRNA kI bhAvanA nahI jAgrata hotI / jainendra ke pAtra jIvanaparyanta bhAgya ke thapeDe khAte hue bhI vivAha ke dAyitva ko sAmAjika maryAdA ke antargata hI svIkAra karate hai / vaivAhika jIvana cAhe kitanA bhI kaSTamaya kyo na ho jAya kintu ve apane Adarza se vicalita nahI hote / 'triveNI' me prema-vivAha sambhava na ho sakane ke kAraNa triveNI kA jIvana bahuta khinnatApUrvaka vyatIta hotA rahatA hai / vivAha ke bAda bhI usakA prema vinaSTa nahI hotA / ghara para premI ke Ane se usakI sArI mana sthiti abhibhUta ho uThatI / isame prema kI pIDA se chuTakArA nahI cAhA gayA hai / prema vAtsalya meM pariNata hokara sArA kA sArA prabhAva bhAva se bhara detA hai / triveNI kI kujhalAhaTa usakI vipannatA kI ora bhI igita karatI hai / niSkarSata jainendra kI dRSTi me prema vivAha ucita nahI hai kintu vivAha ke bAda bhI prema banA hI rahatA hai / prema ko jIvata banAe rakhane ke lie dUrI zrAvazyaka pratIta hotI hai / elisa mahodaya bhI prema-vivAha ke pakSa me nahI hai / jainendra ke vicAro se uname spaSTata sAmya dRSTigata hotA hai / unhone prema-vivAha ke niSedha ke hetu samAja tathA parivAra kI ora se utpanna hone vAlI bAdhAmro ko Avazyaka mAnA hai / ' jainendra ke vicAro para bhAratIya saMskRti kA bhI prabhAva lakSita hotA hai / jainendra ke anusAra vivAha ko bhoga meM hI sImita kara denA aniSTakara hai / " vivAha viccheda jainendra ne jisa prakAra prema vivAha ko asvIkAra kiyA hai, usI prakAra vivAha - viccheda ( talAka) kA bhI pUrNa niSedha kiyA hai / jainendra ne sAmAjikasamasyAo ko AdhyAtmika stara para sulajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| pati-patnI kA sambandha sAmAjika hai, kintu bAhya sthUlatA me garbhita sUkSmatA vyakti kI AtmatA kA krodha karAtI hai / koI bhI vyakti pUrNa rUpa se na acchA hai aura na 1 haivalAka elisa 'yauna manovijJAna', pra0 sa0, pR0 sa0 255 / 2 jainendra kumAra 'jainendra kI kahAniyA,' bhAga 7, pR0 sa0 115 /

Page #198
jainendra aura samAja 163 hI burA hai / strI-puruSa bhI paraspara doSapUrNa hai| yadi eka-dUsare ke doSo ko dekhakara sambandha viccheda kI ghaTanA ghaTita hotI hai to use svAbhAvika nahI mAnA jA sakatA / jainendra ke anusAra pratyeka vyakti cAhe strI ho yA puruSa, sadoSa hai, ataeva samAja aura parivAra me samajhaute ke binA eka paga bhI nahI calA jA sktaa| jainendra pati-patnI ke Ajanma sambandha viccheda ko ucita nahI mAnate / unake anusAra kinhI viSama paristhitiyo me pati-patnI kA sAtha rahanA pArasparika sahAnubhUti ko pUrNatayA vinaSTa karane vAlA ho jAtA hai, taba unhe kucha kAla taka eka dUsare se alaga rahanA cAhie / alaga rahane me pArasparika sahRdayatA pUrNatayA vinaSTa nahI hotI, kevala vaicArika tanAva banA rahatA hai| tanAva me dUrI upayukta hai kintu sambandha toDa dene se bhaviSya me prema kI sambhAvanA kA prazna hI nahI uThatA / jainendra kA pramukha siddhAnta prema ko sthAyI rakhanA hai| unake anusAra sAhitya kA mUla svara prema hai / aprema me ve sukhI jIvana kI kalpanA hI nahI karate / 'viccheda' kahAnI me unhone vaivAhika jIvana me utpanna hone vAle tanAva se bacane ke lie samajhaute ko Avazyaka mAnA hai| vastuta jainendra ke pAtro ko vaivAhika jIvana me cAhe kitanA hI kaSTa kyo na sahanA paDe kintu ve kAnUnI rUpa se sabadhaviccheda nahI karate / vyaktigata sambandho me kAnUna ko lAkara ve paraspara kI niSThA ko viniSTa karanA zreyaskara nahI samajhate / kabhI-kabhI vivAha unake samakSa vivazatA bana jAtA hai, kintu ve apane AdarzoM se vicalita nahI hote / yahI kAraNa hai ki unakI premikAe pati ke prati ghRNA yA upekSA kA bhAva nahI rakha paatii| unake pati-pAtra bhI adhikAzata bahuta namra hai / ve Antarika pIDA kI pUjI ko sajoe hue sArA jIvana vyatIta kara sakate hai, kintu sambandhaviccheda kI kalpanA bhI nahIM krte|' 'sukhadA' me pati-patnI eka dUsare se dUra cale jAte hai, kintu pratyakSa rUpa se sambandhaviccheda nahI karate / aisI sthiti meM unake hRdaya kA prema samApta nahI hotA, varan prAyazcita me pariNata hokara aura bhI saghana ho jAtA hai / 'tyAgapatra' me mRNAla sambandhaviccheda ko Avazyaka nahI smjhtii| pati ke dvArA ghara se nikAla die jAne 1 'merA mAnanA hai ki duniyA me koI do vyakti aise nahI hue jo eka-dUsare ke lie janame kahe jA ske| khicAva aura tanAva to strI-puruSa me prakaTa aura sahaja hai| sAmanjasya isalie sahaja nahI hai, use sAdhanA hotA hai| usake lie sayama aura abhyAsa kI AvazyakatA hai|' -jainendrakumAra . 'kAma, prema aura parivAra', pR0 sa0 66 /

Page #199
164 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana para hI vaha bAhara jAtI hai / vastuta viccheda svaya me zreyaSkara nahI hai / antarjAtIya vivAha jainendra ke upanyAsa aura kahAniyo me prema aura vivAha ko lekara hI vizeSa rUpa se vivecana kiyA gayA hai, kintu antarjAtIya vivAha kA sAmAjika dRSTi se niSedha nahI kiyA hai / jainendra kI samasta racanAo me jAtivAda ko lekara koI samasyA hI nahI utpanna hotI / unhone kahI bhI yaha nahI prakaTa kiyA hai ki jAti-bheda ke kAraNa vivAha sambhava nahI ho sktaa| vivAha ke sambandha me unhone antarjAtIya vivAha ko pUrNata svIkAra kiyA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki unhone jAti-bheda kI samasyA ko apanI racanAo me gambhIratA se vivecita nahI kiyA hai / 'kalyANI me unhone antarjAtIya vivAha ke kAraNa hone vAle lAbha para bhI prakAza DAlA hai / vastuta jainendra chUta-achUta, nIca-Uca Adi ke prazna ko lekara sahaja rUpa se hI nirmala siddha kara dete hai| jisa prakAra unhone apane sAhitya me jAti-bheda ke prazna ko sAmAnya samajhakara choDa diyA hai, usI prakAra samAja ke achUta varga para bhI alaga se vicAra nahI kiyA hai / satyatA yaha hai ki ve vyakti ko mAtra 'vyakti' ke rUpa meM hI samajhane kA prayAsa karate hai| isalie unakI dRSTi me jAti-bheda athavA Uca-nIca kA bheda vizeSa mahatva nahI rkhtaa| kAma bhAvanA 'sRSTi ke mUla meM' 'kAma' hai / sRSTi Izvara kI kAmanA kA hI pariNAma hai| sasAra strI-puruSamaya hai| unake madhya AkarSaNa kA kendra kAma-bhAvanA hI hai| ekAkI jIvanayApana kI kalpanA nirAdhAra hai| jainendra ke anusAra akelApana ghera letA hai tabhI kAma usase uddhAra karane ke lie AtA hai| kAma jIvana kA anivArya satya hai| mAnava jIvana kI pUrNatA cAra puruSArtha, arthAt artha, dharma, kAma aura mokSa kI prApti me hI sambhava hai| jainendra ke anusAra mokSarUpI majila dharmapUrvaka artha aura kAma ke mArga se gujara kara hI prApta ho sakatI hai| yadyapi zukadeva jaise apavAda zAstro me avazya milate hai, jo bAlabrahmacArI rahakara mokSonmukha hue kintu sAmAnyata isa jIvana me kAma kI upekSA nahI kara sakate / jainendra ke sAhitya me kAma dvArA bhogonmukhatA ko prazraya na mila kara usake premamUlaka rUpa ko hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / prema me AtmadAna ke sAtha zarIra-dAna bhI anivArya hI nahIM, svAbhAvika bhI hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me 'prema' zabda kA vyApaka arthoM meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai| apanI

Page #200
jainendra aura samAja 165 samagratA me prema me kAma varjita nahI hai / rAdhA aura mIrA ke Adarza ko hI unhone prapane sAhitya me vizeSata svIkAra kiyA hai / rAdhA-kRSNa aura mIrA bhAratIya sAhitya hI nahI, jIvana ke aise do asAmAnya aura cirantana Adarza hai, jinake prema ke sambandha me zakA kA prazna hI nahI utthtaa| unake vaivAhika jIvana me bhI prema apanI carama sImA para ArUDha thA / rAdhA aura mIrA ke prema me indriya- upekSA nahI hai, varan uname atIndriyatA dRSTigata hotI hai / jainendra ke anusAra atIndriyatA indriyo kI sampUrNa svIkRti me hI sambhava ho sakatI hai / vyakti indriyamArga se itanA pare calA jAe ki use sthUla indriyagata AkarSaNa kA hI na raha jAya / pratIndriyatA kA bodha prAtmatatva me lIna hokara hI sambhava ho sakatA hai / 'kAma' indriyagata ceSTA hai, vaha prema kA hI aga hai / sAmAnyata kAma ke sambandha meM atyanta hI aprAkRtika tathA asvAsthyakara dRSTikoNa pracalita rahA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki kAma pravRti avadamita hotI rahatI hai| nadI ke prakRta pravAha ke sadRza kAma bhAvanA kA sahaja pravAha hAniprada nahI ho pAtA, kintu badhe hue jala ke sadRza avadamita kAma vAsanA sahaja mArga ko choDakara vikRta rUpa me prakaTa hotI hai / usa samaya usakA svarUpa visphoTaka aura vidhvasAtmaka ho jAtA hai / aisI sthiti meM vyakti me aneka zArIrika vikRtiyA tathA manovikAra utpanna ho jAte hai / vastuta jainendra ne apane sAhitya me kAma ke sahaja pravAha ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai / Adhunika manovaijJAniko ne 'kAma' ke prati hamAre dRSTikoNa ko svastha banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| sAhitya aura manovijJAna kA ghaniSTa sambandha hai, kyoki dono me vyakti kI samasyA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| Adhunika yuga me sAhitya para manovijJAna kA atyadhika prabhAva dRSTigata hotA hai / pAtro kI samasyA sAmAjika se adhika vyaktigata aura manograsta hai / upanyAsakAra jainendra ke sambandha me prAya yahI dhAraNA pracalita hai ki unakI racanAe kAmapradhAna tathA asAmAjika hai / yaha satya hai ki jainendra hI prathama lekhaka hai, jinhone jIvana ke upekSita pakSa ko ni sakoca rUpa se samAja ke stara para abhivyakti pradAna kI hai / barTeNDa rasela ke anusAra 'isa jamAne meM do prabhAvazAlI vicAra vAle loga hai, usame se eka pratyeka bAta ko Arthika sUtra se prApta karate hai, dUsarA pratyeka bAta ko maithunAtmaka sUtra se prApta karatA hai / iname pahalA mArksa kA vicAra hai aura dUsarA phrAyaDa kA / " jainendra artha aura kAma dono me se kisI ko antima nahI mAnate / artha aura kAma to jIvana kI samAnAntara 1 elisa kI 'sAikAlajI Apha seksa' se uddhRta /

Page #201
166 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana rekhAe haiM, jinake madhya jIvana-yAtrA sabhava hotI hai / jainendra phrAyaDa kI bhAti kAma ko bhautika aura daihika stara para svIkAra nahI karate, varan unhone kAma ko AdhyAtmika stara para bhI svIkAra karake sAmAjika svIkRti pradAna karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / unhone sRSTi ke mUla me bhI IzvarIya zakti kI kalpanA kI hai / jainendra ke anusAra sambhoga kI sthiti me strI-puruSa itane mahazUnya ho jAte hai ki unhe apane astitva kA bhI bodha nahI rahatA / usa sthiti me sRSTi sambhavata IzvarIya zakti kA pariNAma pratIta hotI hai / " jainendra kI dRSTi me trAsa kI carama sthiti hI paramAnanda kI avasthA hai / paramAnanda brahmAnanda se pare kucha nahI hai / phrAyaDa ke anusAra seksa vaha cIja hai jisame liMga bheda, prAnandajanaka, uttejanA aura parituSTi, prajanana kArya, anucita kI dhAraNA aura chipAne kI AvazyakatA sambandhI saba bAte ikaTThI yA jAtI hai / jainendra ne seksa ko mAtra bhogAkAkSA ke rUpa me hI svIkAra nahI kiyA hai / unake samakSa ardha-nArIzvara kA bhAva hI vaha mUla sUtra hai, jisase strI-puruSa paraspara badhe he / unake prAka raNa ke mUla me nija kI apUrNatA hI vizeSa rUpa se dRSTigata hotI hai / strI aura puruSa dono apane me apUrNa hai / ve eka-dUsare me apane prabhAva kI hI sampUti nahI karate, varan ve pUrNatayA ekameka hokara apane graha ko vigalita karate hai / unhone apanI ardhanArIzvara sambandhI dhAraNA ko manovijJAna, jIvavijJAna aura adhyAtmavAda ke AdhAra para prastuta kiyA hai / manovaijJAnika dRSTi se strI-puruSa kA ekAkIpana dusaha ho uThatA hai / kAma me strI tathA puruSa eka-dUsare me kho jAne ke hetu pratyanazIla rahate hai / jainendra ke anusAra jo adhUrA hai, vaha tRSNArta hai, jo pUrA hai, arthAt jisa samarpaNa me apanA kucha bhI bacAkara nahI rakhA gayA hai, apanA aga taka bhI nahI vaha yathArtha hai / pavitratA ke lie vaha Adarza banatA hai / ' jainendra ne phrAyaDa ke sadRza kAma ko zarIra kI bhUkha ke rUpa me avazya svIkAra kiyA hai, kintu unhone use kevala zarIra ke stara taka hI sImita nahI rakhA hai / unakI dRSTi me kAma bhAvanA vaha kendra hai, jisame vyakti kA prabhAva visa jita hote hue dRSTigata hotA hai / havisarjana hI jainendra ke sAhitya aura jIvana kA mUla tatva hai / jainendra ne kAmabhAvanA me zArIrika se adhika Atmika sthiti ko svIkAra kiyA hai / kAma bhAvanA yadi zarIra taka hI kendrita rahe to usame 1 jainendrakumAra 'kAma, prema aura parivAra', pR0 sa0 116 / 2 jainendra se sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para prApta vicAra / 3 jainendrakumAra 'kAma, prema aura parivAra', pR0 sa0 33 /

Page #202
jainendra aura samAja 167 tRpti kI bhAvanA nahI utpanna ho sktii| jaba vaha zarIra se AtmA kI ora unmukha hotI hai, tabhI usame virikta aura santuSTi kI bhAvanA jAgrata hotI hai| jainendra kI bhoga me yogadRSTi khojane kA ekamAtra yahI AdhAra hai, jo unakI prema aura kAma sambandhI vicAradhArA ko mahimAnvita karatA hai| unakI dRSTi me.. 'akelepana ko lekara vyakti calatA hai aura usa bheTa ko kisI kI goda me DAlakara mAno sAsa aura jIvana pA jAtA hai| yaha mAnavIya parasparatA anivArya hai| yaha akelApana ho nahI sakatA ki vaha dukelepana ko na DhUDhe / ' jIvana me kAma kI anivAryatA svIkAra karate hue jainendra ne sAhitya me bhI usakI apekSA svIkAra kI hai| unakI dRSTi me 'agara jIvana me se seksa ko bAhara nikAlA jA sakatA to sAhitya, jIvana marma kI zodha me sRSTi pAtA hai, jo jIvana ke pratiphala me sundara, subhaga aura samRddha karatA hai, vahI usako vahiSkaraNIya kaise mAna sakatA hai ?' unakA sAhitya isI satya kI svIkRti me phalita huA hai / 'eka rAta', 'ratna prabhA', 'nirmama', 'rAjIva' aura 'bhAbhI' Adi kahAniyo me unhone strI-puruSa ke niyaktika sambandha ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai| vastuta jainendra ke anusAra kAma ko vAsanA mAnane me ghabaDAne kI jarUrata nahI hai / isIlie zabda se aAzaya itanA hI lenA cAhie ki vahA ThaharanA nahI hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me deha rahate vAsanA se chuTakArA nahI ho sktaa| sArAzata jainendra kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki vAsanA yA kAmanA hamako anya ke prati unmukta karatI hai yA apane-Apa me isa artha me abhISTa hI hai ki vaha hamako apane aha ke vrata se bAhara lAtI aura sambaddhatA me vistRta karatI hai| jainendra uparokta sambaddhatA ko vyakti ke hita ke lie Avazyaka mAnate hai / jainendra ke anusAra 'para' kI svIkRti me sAmAjikatA svaya hI garbhita hai| jenendra ne kAma ko 'yajJa' ke rUpa me svIkAra kiyA hai / 'kAma me vyakti jhapaTa kara bhoga lenA cAhatA hai, yajJa me kahI bichakara miTa jAnA cAhatA hai|" bhoga me yoga kA bhAva bhoga ke samasta abhAvo ko dUra kara detA hai| 'sunItA' tathA 'eka rAta' Adi upanyAsa tathA kahAniyo me AtmatuSTi ke anantara ekadUsare se dUra rahane me unhe zAnti hI milatI hai| kAmajanya chaTapaTAhaTa samApta ho jAtI hai| isalie jainendra ne kAmacaryA ko brahmacaryA ke rUpa meM svIkAra 1 jainendrakumAra 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAnta' (aprkaashit)| 2 sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para prApta vicaar| . 3 janendra kumAra 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAnta' (aprkaashit)| 4 jainendra kumAra 'kAma prema aura parivAra', pR0 123-24 /

Page #203
168 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana kiyA hai, kyoki usa avasthA me vyakti kI grahacaryA pUrNata vinaSTa ho jAtI hai / 'kAmasUtra' me prAcArya vAtsAyana ne kAma sakalpa ke bhautika mahatva kI apekSA pAramArthika mahatva ko pradhAna batAyA hai / unake anusAra vAstavika sukhAnubhUti kA sambandha na to indriyo se hai aura na mana se hai, varan AtmA se hai / isa prakAra ve 'kAma' me bhautika jIvana kI pUrti ke sAtha-sAtha pAramArthika jIvana kI unnati kA srota bhI dekhate hai / strI-puruSa sambandha ligatva zUnya jainendra kI arddhanArIzvara sambandhI vicAradhArA para AcArya vAtsAyana ke vicAro kA prabhAva spaSTata parilakSita hotA hai / unake anusAra pratyeka puruSa ke bhItara strI kI aura pratyeka strI ke bhItara puruSa kI sattA satat vidyamAna rahatI hai / vAtsAyana kI dRSTi me yahI bAta RRgveda ke 'asya bhAvIya sUkta' me isa prakAra kahI gaI hai ki jinhe puruSa kahate hai, vastuta ve striyA hai / 'sAkhyadarzana ' isa dvandvako guNa-kSobha kahA gayA hai / jainendra bhI svIkAra karate hai ki 'hareka me strI-puruSatva dono rahate hai nitAnta strI aura nitAnta puruSa vyaktitva pAtA hI nahI / ' unhone strI-puruSa ke vizuddha pArthakya ko svIkAra nahI kiyA hai, aisI sthiti me strI-puruSa ke milana me ligatva-bheda ko miTAkara atIndriyatA kI prApti kI kAmanA vidyamAna rahatI hai / jainendra ke katipaya Alocaka, jinakI uparokta ligahIna vicAradhArA ko napusakatA kA dyotaka batAte hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me ligahInatA ko sAmAnya arthoM me nahI grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / unake sAhitya me ligahInatA eka pratItimAtra hai / usa pratIti ko napusakatA se joDanA sagata nahI hai / unakI dRSTi me ligahInatA kI pratIti zarIra para vyAna kendrita rakhate hue nahI ho sakatI / usake lie vyakti kI AtmonmukhatA anivArya hai / 'jayavarddhana' me kAma dvArA prakAma kI ora unmukhatA ke darzana hote hai / jaya ke vicAro se spaSTata jJAta hotA hai ki 'kAmaceSTA ke prabhayantara me jo anivArya, Akula AtmaceSTA hai, vahI usakA sAra aura rahasya hai / ' kAma ke kSaya ke lie jaya AtmonmukhatA ko anivArya mAnatA hai / unakI dRSTi me AtmA me hokara puruSa puruSAtIta bhI ho jAtA hai / usa avasthA me vaha strI se bhinna nahI rahatA hai / AtmA me ligatva nahI hai / bheda nahI hai, 'sva' para bheda 1 jainendra kumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 628 / jainendra kumAra pratinidhi kahAniyA, sa0 zivanandanaprasAda, pR0 371 /

Page #204
jainendra aura samAja taka nahI hai / vastuta jainendra ke anusAra puruSAtIta avasthA me puruSa me strItva svaya garbhita ho jAtA hai aura yahI sthiti strI me bhI hotI hai| isa prakAra jainendra kI dRSTi me ligahInatA napusakatA kI paryAya nahI pratIta hotI hai / jainendra ne ligahInatA ko vyaktitva kI samagratA ke artha me grahaNa kiyA hai / unhone mahat Adarza ko liga kI ubhayatA ke pAra dekhane kI ceSTA kI hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me yaha Adarza asAmAjika aura aprAkRtika na hokara atyanta hI vyAvahArika hai / pratyeka sthiti me apane puruSatva tathA strItva ke pradarzana me se vyaktitva kA chichalApana hI prakaTa hotA hai| jainendra kI kahAniyo me adhikAzata yahI sthita dRSTigata hotI hai, jaba ki unake pAtra samarpaNa dvArA nitAnta ahazUnya ho jAte hai aura unhe apane strItva athavA pauruSa kA hI bodha nahI rhtaa| ve kAlakhaNDa se Upara, bhautika dvaita se pare advaita kI anubhUti karate hai / vastuta strI-puruSa sambandha me kAmabhAvanA svata hI tirohita ho jAtI hai| jainendra ke anusAra 'kAma' akelepana ko khone kI auSadhi ke rUpa me AtA hai aura roga vaha nahI hai / kAma me prema dvArA dvaita ko abhedatva kI ora unmukhatA prApta hotI hai / naitikatA jIvana me kAma ko asvIkAra karake brahmacarya kI sAdhanA karanA bhI vyakti kA dharma tathA ahakAra hai / satya kI zakti ke kAraNa hI mana kA jhUTha parAjita ho jAtA hai aura vyakti ko TUTanA paDatA hai / 'akelA' zIrSaka kahAnI me sAdhu brahmacarya kI kAmanA karane vAlA vyakti svaya ko dhokhA nahI de pAtA hai aura kahatA hai, 'akelA mai nahI raha sakatA, priye / akelA rahanA mere lie adharma hai|' jainendra ke anusAra jhUTha ke DaDe para caDhakara samAja me UcA uThane se acchA hai, mana ke satya ko svIkAra karake svaya ko samarpita kara denA, kyoki satya bAhya AcaraNa me hI nahI, antas aura bAhya kI samagratA me hI sambhava hai| jainendra kI katipaya kahAniyo para asAmAjikatA aura anaitikatA kA doSAropaNa kiyA jAtA hai isa dRSTi se unakI 'vi-jJAna' kahAnI vizeSa rUpa se carcita rahI hai / yaha kahAnI sAhitya-jagat me atyadhika vAda-vivAda kA viSaya rahI hai| 'vi-jJAna' me sthUlata aisA pratIta hotA hai, mAno lekhaka aisI kAla 1. jainendra kumAra . 'jayavardhana', pR0 324 / 2. lava meksa vana Apha TU 'vRTja viTelsa kriTika Apha lava, pra0 sa0, landana, 1630, pR0 256 /

Page #205
200 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana garlsa taiyAra karane ke pakSa me hai jo ki antarrASTrIya sambandha sthApita karane me samartha ho sakatI hai| isa prakAra jainendra para sAmAjika maryAdApro ko bhaga karane tathA bhraSTAcAra ko baDhAne vAlI sasthAno ko protsAhita karane kA prAropaNa lagAyA jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se to jainendra ke sambandha me hamArI pUrvokta sArI parikalpanA ulTI hone lagatI hai| kyoki 'vi-jJAna' kahAnI meM nArI kI pIDA ko mUla me na lekara usake zarIra ko hI mukhyAdhAra banAyA gayA hai / zarIra kI sAdhanA me mana apane ko pUrNata taTastha rakhatA hai| kintu kyA tana aura mana kabhI alaga ho sakate hai ? tana aura mana ke dvaita ke kAraNa hI kAma aura prema kI samasyA utpanna hotI hai / yadi zarIra aura mana eka-dUsare ke pUraka rahe to atata prema hI vijayI hogA / tana usa para hAvI nahIM ho skegaa| 'vijJAna' me mana ke brahmacarya para bala diyA gayA hai| kintu saccI brahmacarya-sAdhanA eka ko grahaNa karane aura dUsare ko tyAgane me pUrNa nahI ho sktii| isa prakAra samAja me vyabhicAra phailane kI sambhAvanA adhika rahatI hai| isalie zunya brahmacarya sAdhanA vyaktitva kI kSatigrastatA kI hI paricAyaka hai / isa dRSTi se kAlagarlsa kI zarIra-sAdhanA atata koI mahatva nahI rkhtii| yaha satya hai ki prAcInakAla se hI nArI apane rUpAkarSaNa dvArA rASTrasevA ke hetu prastuta rahI hai| rAmAyaNakAlIna madhura bhASiNI vezyAe prAya senA ke sAtha rahatI thI, vahI prAya dUtI kA kArya bhI karatI thI, kintu usa samaya bhI strI ke zarIra kI aisI nApa-jokha bhI hotI thI, jaisI ki vaijJAnika vRti ke prabhAva ke kAraNa 'vi-jJAna' kahAnI me dRSTigata hotI hai| prabhAvahIna kAma kI kalpanA aprAkRtika hai / kAlagarlsa ke lie jisa brahmacarya kI kalpanA kI gaI hai, vaha atyadhika duSkara hai / strI nirI vastu nahI bana sakatI, kyoki usake pAsa kevala zarIra hI nahI hai, hRdaya bhI hai / yaha sambhava ho sakatA hai ki vaha AtmA kI pipAsA ko zAnta karane ke lie svaya ko kisI ke samakSa samarpita kara de| uparokta vivecana me 'vi-jJAna' kahAnI ke mUla meM nihita strI kI brahmacaryasAdhanA dvArA antarrASTrIya sambandha sthApita karane kI yojanA kI nissAratA hI mukharita hotI hai aura anta me kahAnI me sekreTarI dvArA satya prakaTa hue binA nahIM raha pAtA, kyoki usakI dRSTi me strI kevala prayojanavatI hI nahI hotI, usakI arthavattA prayojana se pare hai / saikreTarI zrI eksa0 kI aora igita karate hue kahatA hai ki-'kyA Apake jIvana me strI prayojana se adhika baDhakara koI AI hI nahI ?' isa prazna ke uttara me zrI eksa kA yaha kathana ki 'dhanyavAda, tuma jA sakate ho / kyoki me bhI isa bAre me cupa rahUgA / atIta ko kATakara mai

Page #206
jainendra aura samAja 201 apane se alaga pheka cukA hU / " "unakI bhujhalAhaTa tathA apane Upara DAle Te aprAkRtika dabAva kI ora iMgita karatA hai / isase spaSTa hai ki unakI prakriyA sahaja na hokara unake rugNa mana kI hI paricAyaka hai / vastuta jainendra kI 'vijJAna' kahAnI me rugNa mAnasikatA hI dRSTigata hotI hai / jitanI vaijJAnika vRtti dRSTigata hotI hai, usame pratikriyA hI hai, satya nahI hai / isa kahAnI me prakRta manuSya kSatigrasta hotA hai, jo kSatigrasta hai, vaha nizcaya hI pUrNa nahI hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me vijJAna aura vaijJAnika vRtti apane me paripUrNa nahI hai| usame savedanA aura manuSyatA ke sasparza kI AvazyakatA banI hI rahatI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki anta me brahmacaryaM kA Dhoga TUTatA hai aura satya prakaTa ho jAtA hai / vastuta jainendra ne kAma kI carcA karate hue usake mUla me sneha kI snigdhatA ko anivArya rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai / 'vijJAna' kahAnI me lekhaka ke vicAra kahAnI kI ghaTanAo me nahI prApta hote hai / lekhaka kI dRSTi kahAnI se taTastha hokara dekhane para hI prApta hotI hai / vastuta jainendra para anaitikatA athavA asAmAjikatA ke prasAra kA AropaNa mithyA pratIta hotA hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me satya para hI naitikatA kA mAnadaNDa nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai / jhUTha me hI pApa palatA hai / jainendra ne apane eka navInatama nibandha 'kalA aura azlIlatA' me satya ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlate hue batAyA hai ki satya ko saskRti kI maryAdA me hI vivecita kiyA jA sakatA hai / unake anusAra satya prakRti taka hI nahI hai, saMskRti me bhI vyApta hai / 'saMskRti' zabda me prakRti kA jyo kA tyo svIkAra nahI hai, balki usake saskAra kI anivAryatA kA bhI saketa hai| jainendra ke sAhitya ne satya kA nagna pradarzana vahI taka svIkAra hai, jahA taka ki usame asatya athavA mithyAcAra kA mizraNa nahI hai / jainendra ke anusAra jIvana ke satya aura kalA ke satya me antara hai / samAja me jo maryAdA honI cAhie vaha kalA me usI rUpa me upayukta nahI kI jA sakatI / usame bandhana DhIlA karanA kalA kI dRSTi se anivArya hai / jainendra ne 'dharmAbhimukha kalA ko hI chUTa 1. jainendra kumAra 'jainendra kI kahAniyA', pra0 sa0, bhAga 1, pR0 sa0 112 / 2 uparokta vicAra jainendra se sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para prApta hue / unake vicAro se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki ve 'vijJAna' kahAnI me nArI zarIra ko lekara abhivyakta vaijJAnika vRtti ke pakSa me nahI hai / 3. jainendrakumAra 'kalA aura azlIlatA' (prakAzita sAptAhika hindustAna ), 8 navambara 1970 I0, pR0 sa07 /

Page #207
202 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana kI avikAraNI mAnA hai| unake anusAra digambaratva kA Adarza bhI dharmoMnmukha hone ke kAraNa hI svIkArya ho pAtA hai / vastuta jainendra kalA ke dharmayukta rUpa ko svIkAra karate hai, kintu satya yaha hai ki dharma kI oTa me hI samAja me nAnA vyabhicAra hote rahate hai / dhArmika maTho ke adhiSThAtA, dharmaguru Adi dharma ke nAma para samAja ke vAtAvaraNa ko dUSita karane meM sahAyaka hote hai / ataeva kalA kI dharmonmukhatA me pavitratA kI bhAvanA honA nizcita nahI hai| dharma se vimukha hokara koI racanA kara sakatA hai, aisI sthiti me samAja dvArA kalAkAra kI svatantratA para dabAva nahI DAlA jA sakatA, kintu kalAkAra kI amuka kRti ko amAnya ThaharAyA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra jainendra kalAkAra kI svatantratA ko sthAyI rakhate hue bhI samAja kI maryAdA kI rakSA para vizeSa bala dete hai / samAja ke naitika svAsthya kI rakSA ke hetu ve kavi athavA lekhaka kI racanA kI mahatA kA svarUpa nirNaya samAja para hI choDa dete hai| jainendra kI naitikatA kA mAnadaNDa bahuta hI vyApaka dRSTikoNa kA paricAyaka hai| sAmAnyata naitikatA ko strI-puruSa sambandha me sImita rakhA jAtA hai / kintu jainendra isa rUDhi se Age baDha kara naitikatA ko jIvana ke vyApaka pariprekSya me svIkAra karate hai| unakI dRSTi me pArivArika naitikatA vyakti ko svArthI banA detI hai / sAmAjika aura rASTrIya naitikatA hI vyaktitva ke vikAsa me sahAyaka hotI hai / maryAdA ke ghere me Abaddha vyakti 'para' kI ora unmukha nahI ho pAtA / 'anantara' me eka sthAna para saketa kiyA gayA hai ki samAja me strI-puruSa ke sambandha ko bahuta hI bhayAvaha banA diyA hai| 'anantara' me strI ke samagra samarpaNa se bhayabhIta 'prasAda' kA manovaijJAnika manovizleSaNa bahuta hI svAbhAvika rUpa se prastuta kiyA gayA hai / sahaja aura anAyAsa rUpa se sampanna kArya ko anaitika nahI kahA jA sakatA / 'anantara' me aparA kI sahajatA ke samakSa prasAda kA asahaja honA hI usake mana kI durbalatA kI ora saketa karatA hai| 1 jainendrakumAra 'kalA aura azlIlatA', pR0 sa0 7 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'kalA aura azlIlatA', pR0 sa0 7 / (ka) 'strI-puruSa kA sambandha vaha nahI hai, jisa para nIti yA dharma ko khaDA honA cAhie / ' jainendrakumAra jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 5, pR0 sa0 42 / (kha) 'prAdamI AdamI ke bIca jisane zakA paidA kara dI hai, use, naitikatA kahate hai| ---jainendrakumAra 'anantara', pR0 sa0 61 /

Page #208
jainendra aura samAja 203 jainendra ke anusAra hamArI naitika mAnyatAe vyakti ke svAsthya se adhika samAja kI vyavasthA para AdhArita hai| kintu isa prakAra vyabhicAra dUra hone ke sthAna para aura bhI puSTa hotA hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me anaitikatA kA mUla kAraNa prema ke niSedha me hI phalita hotA hai| prema kA avizvAsa karane aura usake prakaTa sacaraNa ke mArga me avarodha lAne ke kAraNa hI samAja me avyavasthA utpanna hotI hai| isIlie ve svIkAra karate hai ki-'hamArI naitika dhAraNAe sAhasa aura zraddhA ke sparza se jvalanta ho aura kevala ve samAja vyavasthA kI cintA se trasta, bhIta aura kAtara na ho|" unakI dRSTi me vaha saba prAcAra vyabhicAra hai, jo hArdika nahI hai aura jisame bhaya sacaya hai| vastuta jainendra usa AcaraNa ko hI naitika mAnate hai, jisame vyakti kI upekSA kI jAtI hai tathA artha aura padalolupatA hI pradhAna hotI hai| vezyAvRtti sAmAnyata vezyA banI nArI ko kAmukatA kI pratimA mAnA jAtA hai, mAno strI svecchA se hI yaha kalaka apane lalATa para lagAtI hai| yadi 'vezyA' zabda taka hI sImita rahatA to vaha vyaktigata samajhA bhI jA sakatA thA, kintu sAtha juDe hue 'vRtti' zabda se vezyAvRtti kI sAmAjikatA kA bodha hotA hai / jainendra vezyAvRtti ke mUla me strI ko doSI na mAnakara puruSa ko hI doSI svIkAra karate hai / puruSo me bhI vezyA kI ora tabhI unmukhatA huI hai, jaba ki unake pAsa artha vidyamAna rahatA hai / jainendra ke anusAra sRSTi ke prArabha me nara aura nArI do hI the / samAja me vezyA ko sthAna to arthavRddhi hone para hI Arambha huA thaa| ve vezyAvRtti ke mUla me arthAsakti ko sAdhya tathA kAmavRtti ko sAdhana ke rUpa me svIkAra karate hai / jainendra ne samAja me phailI huI aisI vezyA-sasthAno para prakAza DAlA hai, jinake sasthApako ko bhogavRtti ke prati anicchA hotI hai, kintu sasthA ke dvArA adhika-se-adhika dhanopArjana kI ora unakI dRSTi kendrita rahatI hai / isa prakAra samAja se vezyAvRtti kA 1 jainendrakumAra 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAnta', (aprakAzita) 2 'vezyA paise ke prArambha se pahale ho hI nahI sakatI "ujarata aura kImata dekara jaba bhoga ke lie nArI ko prApta karate hai, tabhI to use vezyA kahate hai| kImata paise ke rUpa me cukAne kI vidhi hI na ho, to vezyA kI sthiti nahI bana sktii|' jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama,' pR0 sa0 345 /

Page #209
204 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana unmUlana bahuta kaThina pratIta hotA hai / jainendra ke anusAra--'vezyA vaha nahI hai jo aneka ko prema karatI hai| vezyA vaha hai, jo paise ke evaja-me apane ko detI hai / ina zabdo dvArA jainendra ne vezyA sambandhI gambhIra satya kI ora igita kiyA hai| sAmAnyata vezyA ko aneka puruSo se sambandha sthApita karane ke kAraNa hI heya mAnA jAtA hai| kintu vezyAvRtti ke mUla me nihita nArI kI vivazatA kI ora hamArA dhyAna nahI jAtA / vaha artha ke lie apane ko detI hai / vezyAvRtti ke sadarbha me carcA karate hue jJAta hotA hai ki puruSa kI kAmukatA hI nArI ko vivaza banAtI hai / jainendra vezyA ko kisI bhI zarta para amAnya nahI mAnate / unakI dRSTi me yadi samAja vezyA ko heya mAnatA hai to vaizya kyo sammAnIya ho sakatA hai ? vaizya kI arthalolupatA vezyA se kahI adhika ghAtaka hai / kyoki vezyAvRtti kA svarUpa to samAja me prakaTa hai, kintu vaizya to sAmAjika dRSTi se sammAnIya banakara samAja ke zarIra me jhUTha, corI aura beImAnI kA ghAtaka viSa phailAtA hai / vastuta jainendra kI dRSTi meM vezyAvRtti kI jaDa me zuddha arthAsakti vidyamAna rahatI hai / vezyAvRtti pUjIvAdI nIti kA hI pariNAma hai| bhArata me hI nahI, grIka, bebIlona tathA roma me yaha vRtti prAcInakAla se calI A rahI hai| zrI pArnara ke anusAra vezyAvRti kA mukhya kAraNa samAja meM vyApta garIbI hai|" unake anusAra pati bhI patnI ko bahukendrita hone ke lie vivaza kara dete hai| jainendra ke upanyAsa aura kahAniyo me vezyAvRtti kA jo svarUpa dRSTigata hotA hai, usake mUla me garIbI hI vidyamAna hai / nirdhanatA ke kAraNa vezyA banI nArI samAja se tiraskRta hokara apane pati kI Arthika sahAyatA karatI hai| 'adhe kA bheda' zIrSaka kahAnI me adhA bhikhArI galI-galI gAkara bhIkha mAgatA hai aura usakI patnI parivAra se dUra samAja ke kIcaDa me paDI gRhasthI ko calAne 1 'lekina artha-vyApAra ke vicAra se alaga vezyA ke prazna kA vicAra pallavagrAhI hogA, yathA mUlagrAhI nahI hogA, yaha acchI taraha samajha lenA cAhiye / ' --jainandrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 sa0 347 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama,' pR0 sa0 351 / 3 jainendra se sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para prApta vicAro para AdhArita / 4 'pAvaraTI ija vana Apha da mena rIjana bAI so menI garlsa eNDa vImena bIkema prAsTIcyaT' pArnara 'elimeNTsa Apha sozalijma', nyUyArka /

Page #210
jainendra aura samAja 205 ke lie dhanopArjana karatI hai| vaha apane hAtho se apane pati kI Akhe phoDa detI hai, jisase vaha usake kukarmo ko dekhakara dukhI na ho / usakI AtmA patita nahI hotI / kintu bAhya rUpa me vaha jo kucha bhI karatI hai, kisI taraha hI sahana karatI hai / jainendra ne apanI isa kahAnI me vezyA nArI kA jo rUpa prastuta kiyA hai, vaha marmAtimarma ko chU letA hai / vastuta jainendra kI dRSTi me vaizyA samAja-upekSitA banakara bhI sahAnubhUti kI prArthinI banI rahatI hai / 'bikharI' kahAnI me patnI nirdhanatA ke kAraNa svaya ko aisI sasthA se sambaddha kara detI hai, jisakA lakSya usake mAdhyama se arthopArjana karanA hai| 'tyAgapatra' me mRNAla sAmAjika maryAdA kI surakSA ke hetu svaya ko samAja ke usa upekSita sthAna me le jAtI hai, jahA mAnava jIvana kI samasta savedanA tathA pArasparika sahAnubhUti pUrNata samApta ho jAtI hai| nArI kevala jaDapadArtha ke rUpa me upabhogya bana jAtI hai / 'tyAgapatra' me mRNAla nirdhanatA ke kAraNa bhI samAja ke usa dalita sthala ko svIkAra nahI karatI, varan svaya ko samAja se dUra rakhakara samAja kI vyavasthA ko sthAyitva pradAna karatI hai / vastuta jainendra ke upanyAsa aura kahAniyo me nArI adhikAzata arthAsakti ke kAraNa hI vezyAvRtti svIkAra karatI hai / jainendra atata vezyAvRtti ke unmUlana kA koI nidAna prastuta karane meM samartha nahI ho sakege / 'tyAgapatra' kI samasyA isa bAta kA pratyakSa pramANa hai / vastuta jainendra sudhAra ke pakSa me nahI pratIta hote / unakI dRSTi me sAmAjika-sudhAra ke lie Avazyaka hai ki vyakti kI manovRtti me sudhAra kiyA jAya / samAja meM strI kA sthAna jainendra ke sAhitya me jahA strI-puruSa ko unake prakRta arthAt nirvayaktika rUpa me svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, vahA jainendra ke vicAro kI maulikatA tathA navInatA spaSTata. dRSTigata hotI hai| kintu nArI ko vyaktitva pradAna karate hue unhone usake svarUpa ko rAjanIti, samAja, parivAra Adi vibhinna pariprekSyo me vibhinna rUpo me dekhA hai| jainendra ke sAhitya kA adhyayana karane para yaha vidita hotA hai ki unake nArI pAtra atyanta svatantra vicAro ke hai / uname bhAratIya saMskRti aura maryAdA kI cetanA nahI hai, kintu satyatA yaha hai ki jainendra ke pAtra bhUta kA sparza karate hue bhI vartamAna me jIte hai| apanI saMskRti kI ve kabhI bhI upekSA nahI karate / bhautikatA ke yuga me sAmAnyata strI-puruSa me hoDa lagI huI hai / strI puruSa se Age bar3hane ke lie tatpara hai kintu jainendra ke anusAra strI kI puruSa se

Page #211
206 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana pratispardhA ucita nahI hai / ' unakI dRSTi me striyo ke naukarI karane kA lakSya svatantratA aura naukarazAhI kA na hokara sahayoga kA honA cAhie / jainendra ke anusAra strI puruSa kI hoDa me Age nahI baDha sakatI, varan isa prakAra laDakhaDA sakatI hai ki usakI pragati kA mArga hI avaruddha ho jAya / jainendra ke upanyAso aura kahAniyo me strI pAtro me vivAha ke ghere se bAhara unmukta rUpase sAsa lene kI kAmanA hai, kintu sArvajanika kSetro me ve pUrNa svatantratA ke pakSa me nahI hai| 'sukhadA' me sukhadA ghara se bAhara nikalane para svaya me eka hInatA kA anubhava karatI hai / use aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ghara se bAhara rAjanIti me Akara usane apanI maryAdA ko bhaga kiyA hai / jainendra ke nArI pAtra sArvajanika kSetro me eka kuNThA lie hue hI avatarita hote hai / unake mana kI granthi hI unhe rAjanIti me praveza karane ko vivaza karatI hai| jainendra ne sAmAjika sandarbha me ati svAtantrya kA virodha kiyA hai, kintu pArivArika stara para patnI kI dAsatA kA niSedha kiyA hai / 'sukhadA', 'sunItA, 'vivarta' Adi upanyAsa unakA yaha Adarza prastuta karane ke lie paryApta hai| 'kalyANI' tathA 'sukhadA' me unhone spaSTata svIkAra kiyA hai ki patnI pati kI sampatti nahI hai| pUjIvAdI vicAraka jaDa padArtha ke rUpa me hI svIkAra karate hai| unake anusAra anya bhautika padArthoM ke sadRza strI kI bhI apanI koI svatantra sattA nahI hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me 2trI-svAtantrya kI kAmanA krAntikArI rUpa me vyakta huI hai, kintu samAja kI maryAdA se badhI nArI kabhI bhI sAmAjika sImA kA ullaghana nahI kara paatii| jainendra ke upanyAso me svatantratA kA jo rUpa dRSTigata hotA hai, vaha kevala prema ke sambandha me vyakta huA hai / prema se itara jIvana sabhI dRSTiyo se maryAdita hai / 'tyAgapatra', 'parakha' Adi me jIvana kA jo Adarza vyakta huaA hai, vaha sAmAjika maryAdA kA poSaka hI hai / jainendra ke anusAra strI kA rAjanIti meM praveza ucita nahI hai| unakI dRSTi me strI-prema aura preraNA kI mUrti hai, prema zakti hai| premikA banakara vaha puruSa ko pragati kI ora agrasara karatI hai| 'muktibodha' me unhone rAjanIti meM praveza 1 'strI kI Arthika svatantratA kI cAha ko ucita nahI mAnatA / strI puruSa ke bhI sneha-bhAvanA kI jagaha hisAbI buddhi A jAya to jIvana lAbha kI dRSTi se usame koI unnati nahI kaha sakUgA . / ' --jainendrakumAra 'samaya, samarayA aura samAdhAna', (aprakAzita) /

Page #212
jainendra aura samAja 207 karane vAlI strI ko prabhAgina taka kahA hai| strI kA rAjanIti meM praveza vahI taka svIkAra hai, jahA taka ki vaha pati athavA premI kI preraNA srota banI rahatI hai| 'nirmama' me prema ke vazIbhUta huI nArI apane samarpaNa se zivA ke prati apane prema ko sthAyitva pradAna karatI hai| 'dhruva-yAtrA' me lekhaka ne prema aura kartavya kA adbhuta Adarza prastuta kiyA hai| premikA premI ko gRhasthI ke bandhano me bAdhakara usakI pragati ke mArga ko avaruddha nahIM krtii| varan svaya kaSTa jhelate hue Age baDhane kA sadupadeza detI hai| puruSa ke jIvana me kucha mahatvAkAkSAe hotI hai / strI unakI pUrti me sahAyaka hotI hai / 'muktibodha' me nIlimA kahatI hai--'AdamI sapane ke lie jItA hai aura aurata usa sapane ke AdamI ke lie jItI hai|3 'jayavardhana' me ilA pratikSaNa jaya ke sAtha rahatI huI bhI rAjanItika pariveza me usake sAtha kadama milAkara nahI calatI, vaha jaya ke sAtha rahatI hai, parantu antarnihita hArdikatA athavA AtmatA kI bhAti hI, usakA bAhma aura sakriya rUpa to jaya svaya hotA hai| jainendra kI ardha nArIzvara kI bhAvanA bhI strI puruSa ke isa antaniSTha aura bahiniSTha vyaktitva me sadA hI samAhita ho jAtI hai| ___ jainendra ne strI ke mAtRtva rUpa ko bahuta adhika mahatva pradAna kiyA hai| premikA hone ke sAtha hI sAtha vaha mAtA bhI hai / dono bhAgo se vaha prema aura sneha kI vRSTi karatI hai / Adhunika sabhyatA me Arthika vivazatA ke kAraNa mAtA ghara se bAhara kamAne ke hetu jAtI hai| isa prakAra vaha apane mAtRtva ke kartavya ko pUrNa nahI kara pAtI / yahI kAraNa hai ki jainendra strI kA ghara se bAhara Arthika kSetra me puruSa kI sahagAminI ke rUpa me AnA ucita nahI maante| unakI dRSTi 1 (ka) 'abhAgina hai vaha strI jo strI hai aura rAjanIti me AtI hai yA usakA vicAra bhI karatI hai|' -jainendrakumAra 'muktibodha', pR0 62 / (kha) 'rAjanIti striyo ke lie nahI hai|' -jainendrakumAra 'jayavardhana', pR0 275 / 2 'merI aura bacco kI cintA jarUra tumhArA kAma nahI hai / maine kitanI bAra tumase kahA ki tuma usase jyAdA ke lie ho|' -jainendrakumAra 'dhruvayAtrA', pR0 sa0 64 / 3. jainendrakumAra 'muktibodha', pR0 63 / / 4 'mai nahI cAhUgA ki mAtA kamAne ke lie daphtara me jAya aura dhAya kAma karane ke lie bacco ko apanA dUdha pilAne prAya / ' -jainendrakumAra . 'kAma, prema aura parivAra', pR0 sa0 151 /

Page #213
208 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana me 'strI kI sArthakatA mAtRtva hai / mAtRtva dAyitva hai / vaha svatantratA nahI hai / strI nipaTa svacchanda rahanA cAhatI hai, to usake mUla me yahI abhilASA hai ki mAtA banane se vaha bacI rahe aura puruSa ke prati usakA preyasI rUpa hI pratiSThita rhe| vastuta jainendra kI dRSTi me strI mAtRtva se bacakara svaya me apUrNa rahatI hai / jainendra kI kahAniyo me mAtRtva kI prabala AkAkSA dRSTigata hotI hai| pati kA atizaya prema aura sahAnubhUti prApta karake bhI nArI svaya me abhAvagrasta rahatI hai / mAtRtva me hI usakI pUrti nihita hai, jo kore pyAra me upalabdha nahI ho paatii| 'grAmophona kA rikArDa' aura 'mAsTara jI' me nArI kI vikSubdhatA vAtsalya bhAva kI pUrti ke abhAva ke kAraNa hI prakaTa huI hai| mAtRtva ke sAtha hI jainendra kI kahAniyo me vAtsalya bhAva kI bhI abhivyakti huI hai| isa dRSTi se unakI kaI kahAniyo--'phoTogrAphI', Adi vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai / vastuta jainendra ne vyakti aura samAja ke vividha pakSo ko sAhitya me apane vicAro aura Adarzo kI chAyA me vivecita kiyA hai| 1 jainendrakumAra 'kalyANI', pR0 71 /

Page #214
pariccheda-7 jainendra aura vyakti jainendra ke sAhitya me vyakti jainendra-sAhitya mAnava-jIvana aura vyakti kI samasyAo kA amita bhaDAra hai| mAnava virAT akhaNDa brahma kA aza hai / aha brahma kA aza rUpa hai / aha kA sAkAra pratinidhitva, vyakti ke dvArA hI hotA hai, kyoki aha bhAvanA hai, usakA prAdheya vyakti hI hai / Izvara sarvatra vyApta hai, kintu Izvara kA astitva bhI jIva ke dvArA hI caritArtha hotA hai / vyakti hai, ataeva usame apane akhaNDa rUpa ko jAnane kI jijJAsA bhI anivArya hai / vyakti apUrNa hai, brahma pUrNa aura akhaNDa hai / vyakti ko kendra me sthita karake hI jIvana kI bahumukhI dhArA vikasita hotI hai / jainendra kA sampUrNa sAhitya vyakti kI vyathA se ApUrNa hai / vyakti kI AtmA me jhAkakara usake Atmastha satyo kA udghATana tathA anta bahirdvandva se utpanna viSama paristhitiyo ko citrita karanA hI unhe zreyakara rahA hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me vyakti hI vaha AdhAra-bindu hai, jisapara samasta jIvana kI bhIti prArUDha hai / jo samaSTi me hai, vahI vyaSTi me hai / ataeva jainendra ke sAhitya me vyaSTi dvArA samaSTi kI arthAt samasta mAnava jAti ke sAnnidhya kI prApti kA prayAsa dRSTigata hotA hai| ___jainendra vyaktivAdI sAhityakAra hai| jainendra se pUrva premacanda ke upanyAsa samAja kI samasyAoM ko hI AdhAra banAkara likhe gae hai / vyakti aura vyakti-jIvana ke dvandvo kI ora unhone vizeSa dhyAna nahI diyaa| unake upanyAso me vyakti kI apekSA ghaTanA kA prAdhAnya thA / dvitIya vizva-yuddha ke bAda mano

Page #215
210 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana vijJAna ke vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha vyakti kA mahatva baDhatA gayA / manovijJAna dvArA vyakti ke Antarika sagharSa ko samabhAne kI ceSTA kI gaI hai / vyakti kA bAhyarUpa hI usake sampUrNa vyaktitva kA paricAyaka nahI hai / jainendra ne apane sAhitya me vyakti ke samagra rUpa kI abhivyajanA kI hai / acetana mana athavA antaniSTha cetanA vyakti ke samasta vyavahAro kI niyAmaka hai / jainendra ke anusAra acetana mana vyakti kI kutsApro aura jugupsAmro kA kendra na hokara, usakI abhIpsAyo kA strota hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me vyakti ke antartama satyo kI spaSTatama abhivyakti dRSTigata hotI hai / unake sAhitya me vyakti jIvana kA vahI rUpa dRSTigata hotA hai, jaisA ki hama vyAvahArika jIvana me dekhate aura vicAra karate hai / vyAvahArika jIvana me vyakti satyatA para AvaraNa DAlakara apane hRdaya rUpa ko hI vyakta karatA hai, jisase usakA vAstavika rUpa prakaTa nahI ho pAtA / sAhitya kA kArya vyakti kI antanihita satyatA kA udghATana karanA hai| vyakti samAja me apane guNa-doSa me vyaktitva ko prakaTa karane me sakoca karatA hai / vaha apane AcaraNo ko bahuta hI sazodhita tathA Adarza rUpa me vyakta karatA hai| kintu vyakti kA jIvana nirdoSa nahI hai / vaha sad-asad guNo kA mizraNa hai / jainendra ke anusAra vyakti me rAga, dveSa, prema aura ghRNA Adi mAnavIya bhAvanAo kA honA svAbhAvika hI hai / unake sAhitya me abhivyakta, vyakti na devatA hai aura na hI pazu hai / vaha to nirA vyakti hai / vyakti kA Adarza pazutva se uThakara devatva kI prApti kI ora unmukha honA hai| vyakti ke sambandha me jainendra kI dRSTi nitAnta achUtI aura sahajatA kI paricAyaka hai| unakI dRSTi me vyakti sadaiva urvatA kI ora unmukha hai / vaha na to Adarza kI sImA me Abaddha hokara jaDita aura cetana zUnya hai aura na hI pAzavika pravRttiyo se yukta dAnava hai / manuSya devatA aura dAnava ke bIca kI sthiti hai| ____ jainendra ke sAhitya me vyakti ke svarUpa samAja me usake astitva, tathA usakI ataniSTha bhAvanAo kA pUrNa prakAzana dRSTigata hotA hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me vyakti ke yathArtha jIvana kA bimba hI nahI prastuta kiyA gayA hai, varan uname vyakti ke Adarzamaya jIvana kI sambhAvanApro kI ora bhI lakSya kiyA gayA hai / unake sAhitya me vyakti yathArtha aura Adarza kI pUrNa ikAI hai| jainendra ke pAtra yathArtha jagata ke vyakti hai, purANa puruSa nahI hai| unakI jina kahAniyo kA viSaya paurANika hai, uname bhI mAnavIya bhAvo aura kRtyo kA udghATana kiyA gayA hai / ahaniSTha devatva me AtmasamarpaNa ke bhAvo kI preraNA jAgrata kI gaI hai| unakI dRSTi me manuSya devatApo se bhI Upara hai, kyoki usakI sambhAvanAe ananta hai / prAtmadAsa dvArA vaha svarga ke rAjya ko bhI tuccha siddha kara sakatA

Page #216
jainendra aura vyakti 211 hai / jainendra ke pAtro kI atizaya sahajatA pAThaka ke bhAvo aura vicAro ke sAtha sAdhAraNIkaraNa karane meM samartha hotI hai / premacanda ke pAtro kA jIvana pradarza kI sImA me Abaddha hai / unake vyakti pAtra nirdiSTa Adarzo kA hI anusaraNa karate hai / jisa prakAra 'rAmacaritamAnasa' me tulasIdAsa kabhI yaha nahI bhUla pAte ki- rAma bhagavAna hai usI prakAra premacanda ke pAtra bhI apane Adarzo kI lakSmaNa-rekhA pAra karane kA sAhasa nahI karate, yadi unase kabhI aisI truTi 1 jAtI hai to ve zrAtmahatyA karake athavA zahIda hokara prAyazcita ke lie tatpara rahate hai / mAnava jIvana nire AdarzoM kI nizceSTa pratimUrti nahI hai / yathArthatA haTakara banane vAlA prAdarza nitAnta aprAkRtika pratIta hotA hai| jainendra Adarza ke lobha me vyakti - jIvana kI sambhAvanAo kA damana nahI karate aura na hI pUrva niyojita prAdarzoM kI sImA me paribaddha hokara unake vyakti pAtra jIvana kI sahajatA aura yathArthatA kA niSedha hI karate hai / premacanda ke pAtro kA Adarza mahatvapUrNa hotA hai / kintu unakI mahattA mAnava jIvana ke anta dvandva kA samAdhAna nahI prastuta karatI / sAhitya kA udezya Adarza kI pratiSThA karanA hai, kintu Adarza kI prApti yathArtha kI bhUmi para hI sambhava ho sakatI hai / premacanda ne samAja kI vibhinna samasyAo para prakAza DAlA hai / unakA lakSya vyakti ke bahirjagata ko rUpAyita karanA hai, jainendra kA Adarza anta jagata se sambaddha hai| vyaktivAdI jainendra vyaktivAditA haThavAda ahita nahI sahana kara (samarpaNa) hI unake jainendra vyaktivAdI upanyAsakAra hai, kintu unakI ko prazraya nahI detI / ve vyakti ke hitArtha samAja kA sakate / vRhadtara svArtha ke hetu laghutara hita kA tyAga sAhitya kA parama Adarza hai / unakA vyakti grahaniSTha athavA ahakArI nahI hai / unake antas me svatva ke samarpaNa kA bhAva nihita hai| vastuta jainendra ke sAhitya me vyaSTi kI svIkRti dvArA samaSTi kI upekSA nahI kI gayI hai, varan vyaSTi dvArA samaSTi kI ora unmukha hone kI ceSTA satat dRSTigata hotI hai / jainendra kI vyaktivAdI dRSTi sAhitya me pracalita pUjIvAdI vyaktivAda se nitAnta bhinna hai / san 1850 ke bAda se hindI me eka mahAn parivartana hone lagA thA / prathama mahAyuddha ke bAda parivartana kA eka daura pUrA ho gayA / usa yuga me deza kI Arthika paristhitiyo ke kAraNa jo vidroha utpanna huA vaha dharma, darzana, samAja, nIti aura rAjanIti Adi dvArA vibhinna rUpa dhAraNa karake viruddha uThate hue vyakta huA / ' yaha vidroha sAmantavAda aura sAmrAjyavAda

Page #217
212 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana pUjIvAda kA vidroha thA bhArata me pUjIvAda ke vikAsa ke sAtha vyatitavAda kA vikAsa huA aura * sAhitya me vyaktivAdI bhAvanA hI aneka rUpo me abhivyakta huI / uparokta vyaktivAdI vicAradhArA kA abhyudaya sAmAjika aura Arthika paristhitiyo ke kAraNa huA thA kintu jainendra kI tyavitatAdI dRSTi sAhityika-stara para svIkRta hai / sAhitya me bAhya jIvana aura ghaTanAyo kA citraNa adhika hone ke kAraNa vyakti ke antarbhUta bhAvo aura vicAro kI abhivyakti kA avasara nahI rahatA thaa| jainendra-sAhitya me vyaktivAda vyaktisvAtantrya kI samasyA ko lekara nahI calA hai / usakA pramukha viSaya vyaktijIvana ho samagra svIkRti se sambaddha hai / jainendra se pUrva bAhya ghaTanAgro ke vizleSaNa me anta jagata kI upekSA hotI rahI hai| samUha, samAja aura saMsthA Adi kI tulanA me vyakti gauNa mAnA jAtA hai / isa prakAra vAda-vivAda pramukha ho jAtA hai aura vyakti-jIvana gauNa / jainendra kA Adarza vyakti-jIvana ko pramukhatA pradAna karanA hai| pAzcAtya sabhyatA ke prabhAva ke kAraNa mAnava jIvana ke prati prAsthA vilupta ho gaI hai| vijJAna kI pragati uttarottara tIvratara hotI jA rahI hai / bhautikatA ke vikAsa ke sAtha bAhya jIvana adhikAdhika sampanna prora samRddha ho gayA hai, kintu antazcetanA bhautikatA kI cakAcaudha me vilIna ho gaI hai / Adhunika yuga me rAjanIti, dharma aura samAja meM vyApta samasta dvandvo kA mUla kAraNa 'para' kA niSedha hai| pariNAmasvarUpa matavAda, vAda-vivAda tIvra gati se baDhatA jA rahA hai| vAdo ke isa dvandva me vyakti kA astitva kSINa hotA jA rahA hai aura vAda pradhAna ho gayA hai / jenendra-sAhitya me vyakti vAda-vivAda se Upara hai| unakI dRSTi me samAjavAda, sAmyavAda, pUjIvAda sabake mUla me dhArmika dRSTi anivArya hai / dhArmika bhAvanA vyakti kI naitikatA kA kavaca hai / unake vyaktivAdI vicAra mAnavIya bhAvo aura AdarzoM ke sarakSaka hai / pratyeka vAda prArambha me vyakti ke hita kA hI nArA lagAtA hai, kintu antata unakI svAtha-dRSTi hI pramukha ho jAtI hai| mAnava samAja kA hita gauNa ho jAtA hai / pUjIvAda, samAjavAda, sAmyavAda me vyakti aura samAja ke hito kA pUrNa rUpa se dhyAna rakhA gayA thA kintu antata ve arthapradhAna ho gae hai / uname paramArtha kA prabhAva 1 hindI sAhitya, tRtIya khaNDa---bhAratIya hindI pariSad, prayAga, pra0 sa0 1966, pR0 sa0 168-174 / 2 jainendrakumAra jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 8, (vaha kSaNa), tR0 sa0, 1664, dillI, pR0 sa0 65 /

Page #218
jainendra aura vyakti viluptaprAya ho gayA hai| pAramArthika dRSTi jainendra kA mUlAdarza vyakti ke jIvana me pAramArthika dRSTi kI pratiSThApanA karanA hai / paramArtha hI jainendra ke sAhitya kI pramukha naitikatA aura lakSya hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me nIti aura anIti kA prazna ahisA aura hisA ke sandarbha me prAdurbhUta hotA hai / unake sAhitya me vyakti ke pArasparika sneha aura prema me, cAhe vaha strI-puruSa sambandha me ho athavA kisI bhI mAnavIya sambandha ko lekara phalita ho, anaitika nahIM hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me jahA prema hai, vahA pApa aura anaitikatA kI kalpanA sarvathA tyAjya hai / prema pavitra hai / jainendra kI pApa aura puNya kI dRSTi sakIrNatA kI poSaka nahIM hai, unakI dRSTi me pApa kA mUla 'ahaniSThA' tathA 'para' ke niSedha athavA aprema me hI vidyamAna hai| mAnava-nIti jainendra-sAhitya me vyakti ke antarjagata aura bAhya jagat kI samaSTi kI jhalaka dRSTigata hotI hai / anta jagat kA vivecana karate hue unhone yathArthavAda aura prAdarzavAda kA avalamba liyA hai / yadyapi yathArthavAda bAhya jIvana se sambaddha hai, kintu jainendra ke sAhitya me usakI sImA vyakti kI nijatA me hI kendrIbhUta hai| jainendra ne bAhya-sthitiyo kA bahuta vistRta vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| unhone samAja, dharma, rAjanIti aura artha-nIti ke sandarbha me vyakti-jIvana ko ghaTita hote hue darzAyA hai / jainendra ne zoSaka-zoSita, zrama-pUjI, mazIna-udyoga tathA vibhinna rAjanItika vAdo ke sandarbha me vyakti jIvana kI hI vivecanA kI hai / vyakti akelA jIvita nahIM raha sktaa| usake lie sAmAjika, rAjanItika Adi vyavasthApro kA honA Avazyaka hai / vyakti samAja, rAja, rASTra aura vizva se Upara 'mAnava' hai / ataeva unake sAhitya me rASTravAda, samAjavAda, sAmyavAda Adi ke mUla me 'mAnava-nIti' kA hI prAdhAnya hai / ve vizva ke stara para paDausI ko bhUla jAnA ucita nahI samajhate / yadyapi yaha satya hai ki bRhadatara hita ke hetu laghutara hita kA tyAga sarAhanIya hai, kintu paDausI ke dukha-darda kI upekSA karake hone vAlI vizva-pragati mAnavatA se viparIta hai / vastuta jainendra ke vyakti sambandhI dRSTikoNa ko vyaktigata aura sAmAjika pariprekSya me vyakta kiyA gayA hai| jIvanAdarza : dArzanika dRSTi Adarza aura yathArtha do jIvana-dRSTi hai| eka Atmagata satya ko svIkAra

Page #219
214 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana karatI hai, dUsarI bAhya jagata kI satyatA ko svIkAra karatI hai / 'yathAtha' samayasApekSya satyatA (riyalTI) kA sUcaka he / 'Adarza' zrAtmagata satya hone ke kAraNa yathArtha ke sadRza parivartanIya nahI he tathApi vyakti bheda ke kAraNa yAdarza kI mAnyatApro me bhI antara dRSTigata hotA hai / eka lekhaka kI STa me jo nitAnta yathArtha hai, dUsare kI dRSTi me vahI Adarza he / bhAratIya tathA pAzcAtya dazana me 'zAzvata satya' kI khoja ke hetu prAtmagata prAdarzavAdI dRSTi (sabjekTiva prAiDiyalijma) hI vizeSata dRSTigata hotI hai / Izvara, jIva, grAtmA Adi viSayo kI satyatA kA bodha AtmacetanA dvArA hI sulabha ho sakatA hai / bhAratIya darzana me cAravAka darzana ko choDakara zeSa sabhI darzano me pradarza nItiparaka jIvana ko hI parama Adarza ke rUpa me svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / artha, dharma, kAma, mokSa me, mokSa kI prApti ko hI mAnava jIvana kA lakSya mAnA gayA hai / unakI dRSTi me bhautika jagata se itara prAdhyAtmika jagata hI ekamAna satya hai / vastugata mAyA-moha prAdi nAnA vikAro kA kendra he / zrAtmonmukha vyakti samasta sAsArika bandhano se mukta hokara IzvarIya sAkSAtkAra ke hetu prayatnazIla hotA hai | advetavAdI zakarAcArya ke anusAra jagata mithyA hai / gautamabuddha ne saMsAra ko dukhamaya mAnA hai / bauddha tathA jaina dharma me sasAra se mukti prApta karane kA prayatna vizeSata dRSTigata hotA hai / jaina dharma meM bhI kaivalya kI prApti hetu tyAga, tapazcaryA, brahmacarya Adi para bala diyA gayA hai, kintu cAravAka darzana me bhautika sukha ko vizeSa mahatva pradAna kiyA gayA hai / cAravAka darzana me artha aura kAma ko hI pradhAnatA milI he / zrAtmA, Izvara, svarga, karma aura moha kI dhAraNAo kA nirAkaraNa karake cAravAka ne tyAga aparigraha, sanyAsa, paropakAritA Adi kI upekSA kI hai / unakI dRSTi me bhautika sukha hI ekamAtra satya hai / " 'gItA' me yaha samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki apanI cetanA ke uccatama stara me rahakara bhI vyakti kama kara sakatA hai / isalie usane sadAcAra ke prazna ko uThAkara kartavya kA sandeza diyA hai / kartavya ke sandeza ke mUla me jagata kI satyatA kI dhAraNA hI dRSTigata hotI hai| gItA akarma eva karma tyAga yA kama sanyAsa ko svIkAra nahI karatI / gA~dhIjI ne vyakti ke durbala tathA unnata dono pakSo para dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai / manuSya pazutA se Upara uThakara AtmAnanda kI prApti kara sakatA hai / 'nItizAstra', pR0 sa0 322 / 1 zAnti jozI 2 zAnti jozI 'nItizAstra', pR0 sa0 321 / 3 'zrImadbhagavadgItA', pratyAya 2, zloka 46-50 /

Page #220
janendra aura vyakti 215 jainendra kI dRSTi me prAnanda aura yathArtha __hindI sAhitya me bhAratIya darzana kI paramparAgata vicAradhArAmo kI pUrNata abhivyakti kI gaI hai| bhAratIya darzana meM naitikatA kA viziSTa sthAna hai| Adarza me bhI naitikatA kA paryApta sthAna hai / jainendra se pUrva ke upanyAsakAro ne apane sAhitya me naitikatA ko vizeSata prazraya diyA hai| mAnava jIvana ke antas aura bAhya kA dvaita sAhitya me AdarzavAda aura yathArthavAda ke rUpa meM prApta hotA hai / jainendra kA sAhitya vAda kI pAribhASika sImA se unmukta hai / usame jIvana kI yathArtha aura Adarza-dRSTi samAnarUpa se parilakSita hotI hai / yathArtha kI atizayatA me unake pAtra apanI Atmazakti ko kSINa rahI karate / vastujagata, jisakA hama upabhoga karate hai, jo indriya-jagata kA upabhoga viSaya hai, usakI upekSA nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| bhAratIya darzana me samasta indriyo ko vazIbhUta karake parama satya kI ora unmukha hone kI ceSTA dRSTigata hotI hai, kintu jainendra ke pAtra jIvana kI yathArthatA kI upekSA nahIM karate / unakI dRSTi me vastujagata jIvana kA sthUla aura vyAvahArika satya hai / sthUlatA se hI sUkSmatA kI ora unmukha huA jA sakatA hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me yathArtha kA jo svarUpa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, vaha prApya hai aura vartamAna se sambaddha hai| Adarza aprApya aura asIma hai| korA Adarza AkAzIya kusuma ke sadRza hotA hai / Adarza mahAna hai, kintu mahAnatA kI prApti ke hetu nimnatA athavA tucchatA kA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / jainendra ke pAtra yathArtha kI dharatI para jIte aura marate hai|' vyakti sasIma hai, Adarza asIma hai / ataeva vyakti kI apUrNatA yathArtha hai aura pUrNatA arthAt Adarza kI prApti hI usakA lakSya hai| yadi vyakti ko Adarza kA putalA banAkara citrita kara diyA jAya to usake samakSa karane ke hetu kucha zeSa nahIM raha jaataa| jagata kI yathArthatA athavA usakA astitva karma-kauzala me hI nirbhara rahatA hai / pUrNatA kI prApti hone para karma akarma kA prazna hI nahI utthtaa| katipaya sAhityakAro ke anusAra koI bhI kalAkAra yA to yathArthavAdI ho sakatA hai yA aadrshvaadii| dono kA mizraNa kisI eka racanA me sambhava nahI hai / usake anusAra sAhityaka-nirmANa me yathArthonmukha prAdarzavAda yA Adarzonmukha 1 jainendra kumAra 'sukhadA', prathama sa0, 1652, dillI, pR0 sa0 160 / 2 'kalpanA me hama dimAga ko rakha sakate hai / para isa para pAva nahI TikA sakate / Daga rakhakara baDhanA dharatI para hotA hai|' -jainendrakumAra . 'jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 8, (praNayadaza) pR0 sa0 135 /

Page #221
janandra kA jIvana-dazana yathArthavAda nAma kI vastu nahI ho sktii| kintu mAnava jIvana akhaNDa dhArA hai / vaha Adarza aura yathArtha ke khaNDo me vibhAjita nahI ho sktii| mahAdevI jI ke anusAra kisI bhI yuga me Adarza aura yathArtha yA svapna aura satya kurukSetra ke una do virodhI pakSo kI taraha parivartita karake khaDe nahI kie jA sakate, jiname se eka yuddha kI Aga me jala jAya aura dUsare ko pazcAtApa kI agni meM jala jAnA pdd'e| ve eka-dUsare ke pUraka rahakara hI jIvana ko pUrNatA de sakate hai / ata kAvya unhe virodhiyo kI bhUmikA dekara jIvana me eka naI viSamatA utpanna kara sakatA hai, sAmAnjasya nahIM / vastuta prAdaza aura yathArtha jIvana kI vipakSIya dhArAe na hokara eka-dUsare kI pUraka he / jayazakara prasAda ne yathArtha aura Adarza kI samanvita dRSTi apane nibandha me prastuta kI hai / unhone Adarza kI prApti ke hetu yathArtha kI upekSA nahI kI hai| unake anusAra-'yathArthavAdI sAhitya me vyakti kI durbalatAyo kI ora igita kiyA jAtA hai / unakI dRSTi me yathArthavAdI sAhitya me laghutA aura dukha kI pradhAnatA tathA dukha kI anubhUti Avazyaka hai|'' yathArtha vyathAmUlaka jainendra ke sAhitya me abhivyakta yathArthavAdI dRSTi 'prasAda' ke prAdarzo ke samakakSa prastuta kI jA sakatI hai| yadyapi 'prasAda' aura jainendra me sAmya kA koI prazna hI nahI uThatA tathApi mAnavIya vedanA aura prabhAva kA sAdRzya dono me dRSTigata hotA hai| jainendra ne apane sAhitya me yathArthatA kA jo svarUpa abhivyakta kiyA hai, vaha mAnava-AtmA kI vedanA aura pIDA se sambadva hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me yathArtha sthiti se adhika mana sthiti ke darzana hote hai| unake upanyAsa aura kahAniyo ke adhyayana se mana me yathArtha jIvana kI vIbhatsatA, kutsA Adi kA prakRta rUpa dRSTigata nahI hotA / vaha to mAnava-vyathA se apUrNa hai| unake pAtra Adarza ke pratIka hokara hamAre mana me zradvA aura bhakti kI bhAvanA jAgrata nahI karate, varan unakA vyaktitva hamAre hRdaya ko sahAnubhUti aura karuNA s 1 DA0 jayanArAyaNa maNDala 'hindI upanyAso kI yathArthavAdI paramparA', pra0 sa0, 1968, paTanA, pR0 sa0 4 / 2 mahAdevI varmA 'sAhitya kI AsthA tathA anya nibandha' cayanakartA gagA prasAda pANDeya, ilAhAbAda, 1662, pR0 sa0 142 / jayazakara 'prasAda' 'kAvya kalA tathA anya nibandha', ilAhAbAda, 10 ma0 138 / s

Page #222
jainendra ora vyakti 217 se prAI kara detA hai / jainendra ke pAtra apane mahimAnvita vyaktitva se pAThaka ko cakAco nahI karate, varan jIvana kI sahajatA me pUrNata lIna kara dete hai, jisase jIvana kI satyatA ke prati Akhe khula jAtI hai / jainendra ke anusAra sammAnanIya nahI nahI he jo mahAna hai, pratiSThita hai varan vaha bhI hai jo pApI dikhAyI detA hai, parantu vyathA me pUrNa hai / ' 'tyAgapatra' meM mRNAla kA jIvana mAno vyathA kA gaharA sAgara hai / usame jitanA hI DUbate jAmro utanI hI gaharI pIDA kA anubhava hotA hai / jainendra ke sAhitya meM vaha samAja ke nitAnta upekSita, ghRNita sthala me pahucakara bhI sammAnanIyA banI rahatI hai| usake prati mana me AkroSa nahI utpanna hotA / varan hRdaya me pIDA kI gaharI TIsa jAga uThatI hai jo samasta cetanA ko jhakabhora detI hai / vaha eka-ke-bAda-eka viSamasthiti kA sAmanA karatI hai / sAmAjika dRSTi meM vyabhicAriNI samajhI jAne vAlI usa nArI kI AtmA kI vizuddhatA aura pavitratA para tanika bhI grAca nahI AtI / vastuta jainendra ke pAtra jitanA adhika pA rahe hote hai utanI hI prAnanda-sRSTi me sakSama hote hai / eka prora pIDA marma ko kacoTatI hai to dUsarI ora vahI Atma-tRpti bhI detI hai / vastuta jainendra ke anusAra vyakti ke karmoM se hI usakI naitikatA tathA mahAnatA kA bodha nahI hotA, niSkaluSa AtmA hI vyakti kA vAstavika svarUpa vyakta karane meM sakSama ho sakatI hai / pUrNatAvAdI vicAra jainendra ke pradarzavAdI vicAra pUrNatAvAda' ke sadRza pratIta hote hai / pUrNatA - bAda me sAhityika yathArtha aura Adarza ke sadRza buddhi aura bhAvanA kA dvaita dRSTigata hotA hai / jainendra kA prAdarza pratata Atmonmukha honA hai / pUrNatAvAdiyo ne bhI prAtmakalyANa, Atma-sAkSAtkAra tathA AtmasantoSa kI ora vizeSata dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai / pUrNatAvAdiyo kI dRSTi me 'manuSya kA svabhAva aneka pravRtiyo, icchAo aura bhAvanAo kA janma sthala hai| isa svabhAva me kucha bhI aisA nahI hai jo pUrNarUpa se burA ataeva tyAjya ho / " unake anusAra AtmA kA rUpa na to kevala aindrika hai aura na kevala bauddhika / isa dRSTi se breDale ke anusAra - - prAtmA kA apane pUrNarUpa me santuSTa honA arthAt sampUrNa AtmA 1 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 sa0 546 / 2. zAnti jozI 'nItizAstra' pra0 sa0, 1966, dillI, pR0 sa0 287 / ,

Page #223
218 kA santoSa hI, AtmasantoSa hai / ' vastuta jainendra ke sAhitya me vyaktitva kI pUrNatA hI viziSTata lakSita hotI hai / unake anusAra Adarza jIvana pUrNatA kA paricAyaka hai / yaha Adarza yathArtha jIvana kI ghaTanAo se prApta ho sakatA hai / Adhunika sAhitya meM manuSya ke samagra vyaktitva kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / jainendra kA sAhitya sAmAjika pariveza ke bhItara se vyakti kI AtmA me sisakate hue svara ko dhvanita karane me sakSama rahA hai / sudhAravAdI lekhaka bAhya samasyAo me hI ulajhe raha jAte hai, kintu vyaktivAdI lekhaka vyakti ke sAtha AtmasAt hokara hI usake jIvana kI satyatA ko abhivyajita karatA hai / jainendra ne bahuta gaharAI se mAnava - zrAtmA me jhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / jainendra kA jIvana-darzana vyakti apUrNa jainendra ke anusAra vyakti apUrNa hai / ataeva usame guNa-doSa kA sammizraNa honA svAbhAvika hI hai / vyakti pUrNa sat svarUpa nahI ho sakatA / punarjanma ke mUla me vyakti kI apUrNatA hI vidyamAna hai| 'pUrNAtpUrNamidam' ekamAtra brahma hI hai / vyakti ke pUrNa hone kA tAtparya mokSa kI prApti hai kintu mokSa kI prApti ke pazcAt vyakti karmAkarma zUnya ho jAtA hai / sAsArika vyakti ananta icchAo aura lAlasAno kA bhaNDAra hai / vaha apanI apUrNa icchAo kI pUrti ke hetu bAra-bAra janma letA hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki jainendra ke dvArA viracita vyakti apUrNatA ke pratIka hai / ve kisI mahat Adarza ke pratIka nahI hai / jainendra ke pAtra aise sAce me nahI Dhale hai, jo saba ora se sama pratIta ho / vyakti jaDa nahI hai ata usame asamAnatA kA honA svAbhAvika hai / premacanda ne pAtro ko Adarza kA jo colA pahanA diyA hai, ve antata usI Adarza ke ghere meM ghuTate hue bhI mAnavIya sahaja kriyAo aura pravRttiyoM kI pUrti se vacita rahate hai / jainendra ke pAtro ke jIvana me kucha bhI asambhAvya nahI hai / 'ekarAta' kahAnI meM jayarAja kA Adarza vyaktitva jIvana kI yathArthatA kI svIkRti ke abhAva me apUrNa aura atRpta rahatA hai / prema kI prApti hI use pUrNa santoSa pradAna karatI hai / premacanda kI dRSTi me kAma, (seksa) vyakti kI nyUnatama pravRti kA paricAyaka hai / kintu jainendra strI-puruSa ke sahaja sambandho me anaitikatA kA leza bhI nahI dekhate / premacanda ke anusAra sAhitya kA uddezya vyakti ke 'nItizAstra', pra0 sa0, 1666, dillI, pR0 sa0 1 zAnti jozI 287 /

Page #224
jainendra aura vyakti 216 ujjavala pakSa kI abhivyakti karanA hai| isa prakAra unake sAhitya me vyakti kI hInatA avadamita raha jAtI hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me mahAnatA kA kalpita Adarza nahI prastuta kiyA gayA hai, varan vyakti caritra ke prakSipta azo ko ubhArane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / jainendra ne Adarza kI nizcitatA se adhika usakI sambhAvanA para bala diyA hai / AdarzavAdI dRSTi 'kyA hai' se adhika 'kyA honA cAhie' para AdhArita hai| AdarzavAdI lekhako ne mAnava jIvana kI kurUpatAo ke bIca mAnava jIvana aura caritra ke ujjavala pakSa ko udghATita karane kI ceSTA kI hai / DA0 sarvajItarAya ke anusAra--'abhAva ke kAraNa hI vyakti dukhI hotA hai| AdikAla se hI mAnava jAti urdhvavettA banane kI ora prayatnazIla rahI hai, kyoki aAdarza kI sImA me Abaddha vyakti pUrNa hote hue bhI adhika savedanIya nahI ho pAtA / jainendra ke anusAra yathArtha (satya) kI abhivyakti azlIlatA kI paricAyaka na hokara vyaktitva kI pUrNatA kI sUcaka hai / guNa yadi vyakti ke Adarza svarUpa kA dyotaka hai to doSa bhI usake jIvana kA yathArtha satya hai / jainendra ke anusAra durbalatA tathA kSudratA vyakti kI prakRti hai / prakRti kA niSedha karake mahAna banane kA dambha mithyA hai / aisI mahAnatA ke yadA-kadA TUTane kA bhI bhaya rahatA hai, kyoki usake antas me atRpti banI rahatI hai| mAnava-prakRti kA niSedha karake prApta hone vAlI mahAnatA bAhya rUpa me Adarza aura maryAdita pratIta hotI hai, kintu bhItara-hI-bhItara mana kA chala vyakti ko kuredatA rahatA hai aura vaha antara aura bAhya ke dvandva me zAnti nahI prApta kara pAtA / chala aura kapaTa ke bhAva vyakti ko karma me AtmasAt hone se vacita rakhate hai| 'dina, rAta aura saverA' meM mAna aura pratiSThA ke madhya rahane vAlI kaviyatrI apanI antas kI yathArthatA ko abhivyakta nahI kara paatii| samAja kI maryAdAno se bAhara vaha svaya me hotI hai, jahA use sArI mAna-pratiSThA mithyA pratIta hotI hai, kyoki vaha apanI ahatA ko bAhyarUpa me visarjita karane meM asamartha rahatI hai| 'TakarAhaTa', 'vicArazakti', 'grAmophona kA rikArDa', 'ratnaprabhA' va, 'gavAra', 'akelA' Adi kahAniyo me vyakti ke antas ke yathArtha rUpa kA udghATana kiyA hai| strI aura 1 'sabhI dharmoM me mAnava jIvana aura svabhAva para akuza lagAne kI ceSTA kI kI gaI hai / tAki usake bhItara kA chipA huA pazutva muha na uThA sake / ' --DA0 sarvajItarAya 'hindI upanyAsa sAhitya me AdarzavAda', pra0 sa0, 1666, ilAhAbAda, pR0 sa0 12 / 2. jainendrakumAra jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 6, pra0 sa0, 1964, dillI, pR0 sa0 172-181 /

Page #225
220 jainendra kA jovana-dazana puruSa svaya me apUrNa hai| pUrNatA arthAt strI-puruSa ke paraspara sayoga dvArA hI jIvana kA lakSya pUrNa ho sakatA hai / jainendra yathArthatA ko pApa athavA anaM tika nahI samajhate / satyatA para AvaraNa DAlakara satya kA niSedha nahI kiyA jA sakatA / jainendra ke sAhitya me vyakti kA Adarza kRtya me na hokara kRt kI bhAvanA me sannihita hotA hai / unakI dRSTi me naitikatA kA mUla bhAnadaNDa mAnava, mAnava kI parasparatA hai / pArasparika sneha aura sahAnubhUti me maryAdA kI sImA upasthita karanA naitikatA nahI hai / mAnava jIvana kA uddezya mokSa kI prApti he, kintu mana kI vyAkula, apUraNa tathA atRpta avasthA meM mAdakSa kI prApti sambhava nahI ho sakatI / mokSa kI prApti ke hetu mana kI vivAnti anivArya hai| jainendra ke anusAra--'prAdamI me jo hai usa saba ko svIkAra nahI kareMge to use hrasva hI karege, mahAna na banAege / AdamI me se kucha alaga kATakara usako pUrA nahI kiyA jA sktaa| jainendra kI dRSTi me pApa-puNya kA kSetra bahuta hI vyApaka hai, vaha strI-puruSa ke sambandho taka hI parimita nahI hai / strI-puruSa sambandha to svAbhAvika aura sahaja hai| jisa prakAra vyakti guNo ke sambandha me apUrNa hai, usI prakAra jaivika dRSTi se strI-puruSa ke rUpa me apUrNa hai ataNva dono kA milana sAmAjika dRSTi se aparihArya nahI hai| sAbhAnyata jina sAmAjika maryAdApo ke pAlana me vyakti garvAnubhUta hotA hai, use janendra mithyA Dhoga aura abhimAna kA sUcaka mAnate hai / unake anusAra 'nara-pugava aura nara kesarI UparI zobhA ke lie ho sakate hai, jAti kI svAsthya zakti aura sauSThava unase nahIM hai| kyoki samAja meM kucha aise vyakti hote hai jo bAhya rUpa me Adarza ke pratIka hote hai, kintu bhItara-hI-bhItara apanI duzcaritratA kA viSa phailAye rahate hai| ve chadmarUpa me apanI vAsanA ko zAnta karate hai, kintu samAja ke samakSa apanI mahAnatA kA Dhoga racate hai| aise puruSa samAja sudhAraka hokara bhI samAja aura jAti ke svAsthya ko naSTa karane ke bhAgI hote hai / vyakti devatA nahI jainendra ke anusAra vyakti kA devatA banane kA prayAsa korA dambha hai| uttarottara devatva arthAt sadguNo kI prApti manuSya kA Adarza hai, kintu devatA 1 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 sa0 557 / 2 jainendra kumAra 'sukhadA', pR0 sa0 161 / 3 jainendra kumAra 'sukhadA', pR0 sa0 101 /

Page #226
jainendra aura vyakti 221 banakara svayaM ko sahaja mAnavIya bhAvanAo se pare rakhanA nitAnta aprAkRtika hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me vyakti devatA banane ke lobha me mAnavIya bhAvo aura pravRttiyo kA damana nahI krte| korA Adarza vyakti ko jaDa banA detA hai tathA vyaktigata bheda ko miTAkara sabhI ko Adarza kI pakti meM AsIna kara detA hai / 'TakarAhaTa' tathA ' jayavarddhana' meM kailAza aura aise pAtra hai jo svaya ko mAnavIya durbata se dUra rakhakara janahita karanA cAhate hai / ve apane jIvana me pradarza kI aisI pAcIra khaDI kara lete hai, jisame unakA jIvana zuSka-sA pratIta hone lagatA hai aura ve yantra- puruSa ke sadRza karma karate hai / kailAza ne eka aise grAzrama kI sthApanA kI hai, jisame rahakara vyakti jaDa ho jAtA hai, usakI mUla pravRttiyo ke vikAsa kA pravasara nahI milatA / jainendra ke anusAra vyakti jaDIbhUta hokara zAnta nahI ho sakatA / usake anta me halacala banI hI rahatI hai / svaya se bacakara Azrama meM rahanA mithyA hai / tapasvI banane me vyaktitva kA hrAsa hotA hai / vyaktitva kA samucita vikAsa to sahajatA me hI sambhava hai / ' 'jayavardhana' meM ilA jaya ko devatA nahI banane denA cAhatI / vaha prema cAhatI hai / prema kI prApti ke hetu usakA mAnavIya rahanA granivArya hai / ilA ke prema kAraNa hI jaya kA jIvana kaThora nahI ho pAtA / 'TakarAhaTa' meM bhI lIlA zrAzrama meM zAnti prApta karane AtI hai, kintu vahA rahakara vaha apane prati chala nahI kara pAtI aura vApasa calI jAtI hai / vastuta jainendra ke anusAra 'vyaktitva meM khuraca kara aura chIlakara kucha nikAlA nahI jA sakatA / " "vicAra - zakti', 'vijJAna' grAdi kahAniyo me lekhaka ne isa tathya kI satyatA para prakAza DAlate hue batAyA hai ki tyAga aura sayama Adi ke Upara 'vyakti' hai / isa satya kA niSedha karake vaha pUrNatA kI prApti nahI kara sakatI / zabdo kI lapeTa me 1 jenendra kumAra 'jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 7, tR0 sa0, 1963, pR0 sa 14 / 2 jainendra kumAra 'jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 7, tR0sa0 1663, pR0sa06 / 3 jainendrakumAra ' manthana', pra0 sa0, dillI, pR0 sa0 122 / 4 'sabhya ho, sayamI ho, udAtta ho, tyAgI ho| ina saba ke nIce mai batA denA cAhatI hU ki tuma prAdamI bhI ho| isa satya se AAkha bacAkara tuma bhAganA cAhate ho, to jAo, maiM kaba rokatI hU / ... koI phariztA ho sakatA, yaha bhUla maiM tumame Tikane na dUgI / ' -- jainendrakumAra 'jainendra kI kahAniyA, bhAga 8 tR0 sa0, 1664, pR0 sa0 135 / *

Page #227
222 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana saccAI chipa jAtI hai, kintu satyatA zabda me hI sImita nahIM hotii| vyakti netA aura pravaktA banane para bhI vyakti hI rahatA hai / devatA banane ke lobha me vyakti kA vyaktitva vikRta aura vikAragrasta ho jAtA hai / mAnasika svAsthya ke hetu chala kA nirNaya anivArya hai| jainendra ke anusAra- 'vyaktitva kI pUrNatA ke lie satya kI svIkRti anivArya hai|' dalita bhI mAnanIya prAcIna sAhitya me mahat pratibhA sampanna vyakti hI kathA kA nAyaka hone kA adhikArI thaa| kintu Adhunika sabhyatA aura saskRti ke navIna unmeSa ne jIvana ke sAtha sAhitya kI dhArA ko bhI navIna moDa pradAna kiyA hai / Adhunika samAja me jAgita bheda kA koI mahatva nahI raha gayA hai / dalita aura nimnavargIya vyavita bhI sAhitya ke uccAsana para ArUDha hone kA adhikArI hai| vastuta jainendra mahAna aura pratibhAzAlI vyakti ko hI pUjya nahI mAnate, varan unakI dRSTi me vyathA se pUrNa bhikhArI aura cora tathA DAkU bhI utanA hI mahAna hai jitanA AdarzavAdI netA athavA sudhAraka / nimnatA tathA kSudratA kI abhivyakti karane vAle pAtra hRdaya me pIDA utpanna karake hamAre prAtmIya bana jAte hai| kyoki unakI AtmA apane kartavya ke prati jAgarUka hotI hai, unameM prema, dayA aura tyAga kI bhAvanA kUTa-kUTakara bharI hotI hai / 'adhe kA bheda' kahAnI me adhe bhikhArI ke jIvana ko dekhakara kauna kaha sakatA hai ki usake antas me kitanI gaharI vyavasthA chipI huI hai aura vaha usa sAre uphAna ko dabAe hue galiyo me bacco ke sAtha gAtA phiratA hai / bhikhArI ke jIvana kA itihAsa jAnane ke hetu gadI bastI me tathA samAja ke upekSaNIya sthalo para jAnA par3atA hai| usakI jIvana-gAthA kA rahasya hRdaya ko sahasA jhakajhora detA hai| bhikhArI kI patnI vezyA hote hue bhI kama sammAnanIyA nahI hai, kyoki usakA pezA paristhiti aura vivazatA kA pariNAma hai, kintu usake saskAra bahuta ucca hai / kaSTa jhelakara bhI vaha prAtma-pariSkAra karane meM samartha hai jisase usakI AtmA kI pavitratA para vyavasAya kI kAlimA kI chAyA bhI nahI paDa pAtI / vastuta jainendra 1 / tuma bhI pravaktA aura tatvajJAtA ke vAkyo ke nIce jo ho vahI ho| satya lapeTa me nahI hotaa|' jainendra kumAra jainendra kI kahAniyA', pR0 sa0 125 / 2 jainendra kumAra pratinidhi kahAniyA, sa0 zivanandanaprasAda, 1966, pra0sa0, pR0 sa0 57 /

Page #228
jainendra aura vyakti 223 ke anusAra vyakti kI mahAnatA karma me na hokara usakI bhAvanA me hI nihita hotI hai / jainendra ke anusAra vyakti ke pApI prathavA puNyAtmA hone kA dAyitva usI para nahI hai / paristhiti kI vivazatA bhI vyakti ko sad grasad karmo kI aura unmukha karatI hai / ' 'corI' zIrSaka kahAnI meM lekhaka ne yaha darzAyA hai ki kisa prakAra vyakti na cAhate hue bhI corI karane ke lie vivaza hotA hai / sAmAjika viSamatA tathA avyavasthA ke kAraNa sajjana vyakti ko bhI corI karanI paDatI hai / ' 'phAsI' zIrSaka kahAnI me zamazera DAkU hI nahI, sahRdaya beTA bhI hai| usake hRdaya meM pyAra, mamatA Adi bhAvo kA AgAra hai / usame atithisammAna kI bhAvanA bhI vidyamAna hai kintu kartavya ke mArga me usakI bhAvukatA bAdhaka nahI banatI / zatru ke samakSa vaha krUratA kI pratimUrti hai, to mA ke samakSa bholA bAlaka hai | krUratA usakA doSa nahI hai, varan AbhUSaNa hai / ' 'sAdhU kI haTha' kahAnI me dArogA ghara Aye sAdhu ke kAraNa apanI patnI ko bahuta burI taraha pITatA hai, kintu sAdhu kI atizaya sahanazIlatA usa niSThura vyakti ke hRdaya kI karuNA aura dayA ko jAgrata kara detI hai| vastuta pratyeka vyakti santa aura duSTa dono hai / " na koI bahuta nindanIya hai aura na hI koI vizuddhata bhalA hI hai / uparokta kahAnI 'sAdhu kI haTha' me dArogA kI krUratA kA kAraNa usakA nisantAna honA hai / ataeva niSThuratA usakI vivazatA hai / sahRdayatA mAnavIya saskAra hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki antata mAnavIya guNo kI hI jaya hotI hai / jainendra ke anusAra vyakti vyakti ke bIca zreNI - vibhAjana karanA nitAnta asaMgata hai / unakI dRSTi me vyakti kA Adarza acchAI aura burAI se Upara uThanA hai, kintu acchAI aura burAI kA lebila lagA lene se paraspara dveSa kI bhAvanA utpanna ho jAtI hai / vyakti : TAipa nahIM jainendra ke sAhitya me abhivyakta vyakti pratIka hai / na vaha 'TAipa' hai, na 'pApI pApI nahI hai, puNyAtmA puNyAtmA nahI hai... kisI ke kucha hone ke lie sahasA doSa mai usako nahI de pAtI / ' - jainendrakumAra 'sukhadA', pR0 sa0 72 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 6, pR0 sa0 150 / 3 jainendrakumAra : 'pratinidhi kahAniyA', sa0 zivanandanaprasAda, pR0 sa0 22 / 4. jainendrakumAra : 'jainendra kI kahAniyA' bhAga 6, pR0 sa0 27-28 / 5. jainendrakumAra : 'jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 6, pR0 sa0 162 /

Page #229
224 jainendra kA jovana-darzana caritra / kinhI nizcita mAnyatAo kI sImA me ve vyakti kI kalpanA nahIM karate / premacanda ke pAtra 'TAipa' hai / upanyAsa prArambha karate hI hamAre mana me unake pAtro ke sambandha me eka nizcita avadhAraNA bana jAtI hai ki amuka pAtra amuka 'TAipa' kA hogA / unake upanyAsa kA nAyaka doSayukta nahI ho sakatA, kintu jainendra ke anusAra atyanta pratiSThita vyakti bhI doSayukta ho sakatA hai tathA nimnatama vyakti bhI Adarza guNo kA pratIka bana sakatA hai / jainendra ke pAtro ke sambandha me koI bhI dhAraNA pahale se nizcita nahI kI jA sktii| unake pAtra sadaiva apane adhUre vyaktitva kA hI paricaya dete hai| jainendra ke anusAra kisI bhI vyakti kA hama saba kucha nahI jAna sakate, kyoki zeSa jIvana me bhI usame parivartana sambhava ho sakatA hai| ataeva usake sambandha me antima nirNaya denA ucita nahI hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me jisa prakAra brahma ajJeya hai aura usake sambandha me hamArI sambhAvanAe sadaiva banI rahatI hai, usI prakAra vyakti kA bhaviSya ajJeya hai / ajJeyavastu ke sambandha me nizcita nahI kahA jA sakatA / jainendra ke anusAra 'mahAna pAtra pAThaka kI ruci aura kalpanA ko bAdhate nahI hai, balki sphUrta karake mukta karate hai| unake prati barAbara eka cAha, eka utsukatA banI rahatI hai mAno ve muTThI me samAne ke lie nahI hai / __ vastuta jainendra ke vyakti na to 'TAipa' hokara nizceSTa ho gae haiM aura na hI apane me sImita hai / jainendra kA Adarza eka kA hara eka me ho jAnA he / unake anusAra vyakti svaya ko nahI, varan apane mAdhyama se satya kI jhAkI ko mUrta karatA hai| vyakti aura manovijJAna jainendra kA vyaktivAdI dRSTikoNa manovijJAna se prabhAvita pratIta hotA hai| kintu manovijJAna se prabhAvita hote hue bhI usakI (manovijJAna kI) manovizleSaNAtmaka nIti unhe grAhya nahI hai / unhone manovijJAna ko sAhitya ke stara para jisa rUpa me svIkAra kiyA hai, vaha vyakti ke mana se vijJAna arthAt usakI prakRti kI satyatA kA udghATana karane meM sakSama hotA hai| kintu satyatA kA prakaTIkaraNa apanI samagratA me hI sambhava ho sakA hai / manovijJAna dvArA vyakti kI mAnasika cetanA kA isa prakAra manovizleSaNa kiyA jAtA hai ki vyaktitva kA sampUrNa rUpa spaSTa nahIM ho pAtA / 1 jainendra kumAra sAhitya kA zreya aura preya' pR0 sa0, 1953, dillI, pR0 sa0 181 /

Page #230
jainendra aura vyakti 225 yathArtha : prakRtivAda kA paryAya nahI niSkarSata jainendra ke sAhitya me Adarza aura yathArtha kI nitAnta maulika dRSTi prApta hotI hai / unhone yathArtha kA jo svarUpa svIkAra kiyA hai, vaha prakRtivAdI sAhityakAro ke sadRza nagnatA kA ghinaunA citraNa nhii| jainendra ke sAhitya me abhivyakta yathArtha satya se sambandhita hai / usame yathAtathya citraNa hote hae bhI vIbhatsatA ko svIkRti nahI milatI hai| yathArthavAda yathArtha ke nAma para uttarottara prakRtivAda kI ora unmukha huA pratIta hotA hai / usame bandhanahInatA phaizana bana gaI hai| jainendra kA sAhitya phaizana ke bahAva se dUra nijatA kI vAstavikatA se yukta hai / yathArthavAdiyo kA nArA hai ki ghinaunA, phUhaDa, vIbhatsa saba calegA, kevala Adarza nahI calegA / jainendra kA Adarza se koI virodha nahI hai / unakI dRSTi me Adarza kA niSedha vyakti ko pUrNatA pradAna karane me kadApi saphala nahI ho sktaa| jainendra ke pAtro kA Adarza unake svapnadraSTA hone me hai / svapna arthAt sambhAvanA me hI unake pAtra apane Adarza jIvana kI parikalpanA karate hai / isa prakAra Adarza prApti dvArA vyakti kI sambhAvanAo kA hanan nahI hotaa| jainendra ke anusAra 'jo hama hai vahI hamArA jIvana nahI hai| jo honA cAhate hai, hamArA vAstava jIvana to vahI hai / jIvana eka abhilApA hai|" parasparatA jainendra-sAhitya kA sarvopari Adarza hai ki vyakti, vyakti ke bheda ko miTA diyA jAya / isa abhinnatA se unakA tAtparya paristhitigata samAnatA se na hokara hRdayagata samAnatA aura ekya se hI hai / vyakti me antara ho sakatA hai, kintu pArasparika bhAvo me antara hone ke kAraNa matabheda nahI utpanna hotA / jainendra kI dRSTi bahuta hI vyAvahArika hai / isalie ve vyakti ko Adarza me nahI varan vyavahAra meM kendra mAnakara calate hai / Adarza bAhara nahI, vyakti-citta me nihita hotA hai / ' unakA vizvAsa hai ki viziSTa mAnyatAe prApta karane se vyakti svaya ko samAja kA Adarza samajhane lagatA hai / usake mana me yaha bhAva jAgrata ho jAtA hai ki vaha sadAcArI hai, ataeva usase koI truTi ho bhI nahI sktii| sadAcAra kI oTa me vaha svArtha kA bIja bone me hI sahAyaka hotA hai| Adhunika samAja me aise hI gaNyamAnya vyakti adhika hai, jinake mana me svArtha, 1. harSacandra 'sUkti sacayana', pra0 sa0, 1965, dillI, pR0 sa0 113 / 2, jainendra kumAra , 'samaya aura hama', pR0 sa0 64 /

Page #231
226 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana lolupatA Adi dUSita bhAvanAe bharI huI hai, kintu Upara se ve Adarza bane rahate hai| vyakti kI aisI pravRttiyo ke kAraNa hI jainendra Adarza ko mAnava ke antas me khojanA zreyaskara samajhate hai / Atma-pariSkAra jainendra ke sAhitya me bhale-bure kI AlocanA ke sthAna para Atma-nirIkSaNa aura Atma-pariSkAra para hI bala diyA gayA hai / unake anusAra dUsare kI AlocanA karane se eka ora to 'para' kA niSedha hotA hai, dUsarI ora 'sva' kA ahabhAva puSTa hotA hai, kintu AtmanirIkSaNa dvArA vyakti adhikAdhika vinamra tathA sahanazIla banatA hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me hArdikatA aura prAsAdikatA kA Adhikya hai / Atmagata sneha, sahAnubhUti aura AtmasamarpaNa kA bhAva hI vaha zastra hai, jisase unake pAtra anya para vijaya prApta karane meM samartha hote hai| vastuta jainendra kI vyakti sambandhI dRSTi vyAvahArika jIvana kI satyatA para AdhRta hai, Adarza kI thothI bhUmikA para nhii| ___ jainendra ke anusAra vyakti yathArtha jIvana kI gaharAI se hI prAdarza kI UcAI kI ora unmukha hotA hai / AdarzavAdI sAhityakAra vyakti ke pUrNa rUpa ko apane sAhitya me vivecita karate hai| kintu jainendra ke anusAra vyakti apUrNa hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki vaha hai| vyakti aura samAja vyakti samAja kI sApekSatA me hI apane astitva ko sthira rakha sakatA hai| samAja se bacakara alaga rahane me vyakti ke svarUpa aura usakI prakRti kA koI mahatva nahI rahatA / ataeva vyakti ke sampUrNa jIvana kA jJAna prApta karane ke lie usakI nijatA ke sAtha hI sAtha sAmAjikatA kA jJAna bhI anivArya hai| rAjanIti, samAja, dharma, artha Adi vibhinna kSetro kI sApekSatA me hI vyakti jIvana kI sArthakatA sambhava hai / jainendra ke anusAra vyakti antarmukhI hote hue bhI samAja ke prati uttaradAyI hai / vaha samAja kA avibhAjya aga hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me 'vyakti jIvana kA uddezya apanI nijatva ko samagra eva samagra ko nijatva me dekhanA hai|" jainendra ke sAhitya me samAja kI sImAno aura maryAdApo kA pUrA 1 jainendra kumAra 'jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 6, tR0 sa0, pR0 sa0 110 / 2 jainendra kumAra jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 6, tR0 sa0,pR0 sa011-13 / 3 jainendra kumAra 'kalyANI', 1956, 10 sa0 85 / jainendra kumAra 'vivarta', pR0 sa0 40 / ir nr x

Page #232
jainendra aura vyakti 227 dhyAna rakhA gayA hai / samAja kI pRSThabhUmi para hI vyakti-jIvana kA vikAsa hotA hai| vyakti svaya me hI sImita nahI hai| usakI sArthakatA 'para,' ke sandarbha me hI sambhava hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me 'sva' para arthAt vyakti, vyakti kI parasparatA kI ora vizeSata dRSTipAta kiyA gayA hai / sAmAjika prANI vibhinna dvandvo ke madhya jIvanayApana karatA hai| rAjanItika, dhArmika, Arthika sthitiyA jIvana me nAnA dvandvAtmaka rUpa utpanna karatI hai| ___tyAga kI bhAvanA se yukta hokara hI vyakti samAja kA hita kara sakatA hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me vahI vyakti samAja ko nayA moDa aura naI cetanA de sakatA hai, jisame samAja kI ora se prApta hone vAlI yAtanAyo ko sahane kI kSamatA hai| unakI dRSTi me gAdhI aura IsA eka mahAna Adarza hai| samAja dharma kI pratiSThA me hI IsA ko sUlI para caDhanA paDA thaa| vastuta vyakti samAja se nirapekSa nahI ho sktaa| samAja se svatantra hokara calane me samAja dvArA prApta hone vAle daNDa se nahI bacA jA sakatA tathApi pAramArthika vyakti svaya kaSTa jhela karake hI 'para' ke hita me rata rahatA hai / / vibhinna jIvanadRSTi vyakti aura samAja ke jIvana kI abhivyakti ke lie vibhinna vicAradhArAe pracalita hai| ye vibhinna dhArAe jisa dRSTi se vyakti-jIvana kI samasyAno aura vyavasthA kA vivecana karatI hai, unakA tatkAlIna sAhitya para prabhAva paDanA anivArya hai| sAhitya yuga kI dena hai / Adhunika yuga me sAhitya ke stara para tIna pramukha vicAradhArAe aura jIvana-nItiyA dRSTigata hotI hai| pahalI manovaijJAnika dhArA hai, jisake praNetA phrAyaDa hai| phrAyaDa ne vyakti ke mana kA vizleSaNa karate hue usake cetana-acetana mana ke rahasyodghATana kA prayatna kiyA hai| dUsarI ora kArlamArksa ne bhautika jagata kI viSamatAo se AkrAnta mAnava jAti ke varga-bheda ko miTAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / prathama phrAyaDIya dRSTi vyaktivAdI thii| dUsarI mArksavAdI dRSTi vastuvAdI athavA samAjavAdI hai| mArksa-darzana kA mUlAdhAra vyakti na hokara sAmAjika aura Arthika viSamatA se udbhUta samasyAe hai| unakI dRSTi artha pradhAna hone ke kAraNa tathA rAjanIti ke sasparza se vizvavyApI bana gaI hai| mArksa ke samAnAntara calane vAle jisa darzana me mAnava jIvana aura sAhitya tathA rAjanIti ko sabase adhika abhibhUta 1. jainendrakumAra * 'jainendra kI kahAniyA, bhAga 1, tR0 sa0, 1962, dillI, pR0 sa0 186 /

Page #233
228 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana kiyA hai, vaha gaoNdhI-darzana hai / gAdhI aura mArksa mAnava jIvana prora samAja ko lekara aise moDa para pahucate hai, jahA ve eka na hokara bhI nahI bana paate| matavAda mAnava samAja me vibhinna vAda-prativAda dRSTigata hote hai| vibhinna vAdo kA pramukha uddezya vyakti aura samAja kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna karanA hai / sAhitya kA kAya mAnava jIvana ke sandarbha me vibhinna vAdo kA vivecana prastuta karanA hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me kisI vAda-vizeSa kA sahArA nahIM liyA gayA hai / unakI dRSTi me kevala-hita pradhAna hai, vAda-vivAda kI sakIrNatA unhe grAhya nahI hai| vibhinna sAhityakAra apane sAhitya dvArA vibhinna vAdo kA pracAra karate hai / sAhitya kA kArya pracAra karanA nahIM hai, kevala dRSTi-dAna karanA hai| yazapAla ke sAhitya me mArksavAda kA svara vizeSata mukharita huA hai| unhone mArksavAda ko svIkAra karate hue gAdhIvAdI nIti kA virodha kiyA hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me Agraha kI pravRti kahI bhI lakSita nahI hotI / jaina dharma ke prabhAva ke kAraNa ve dRSTi-vizeSa ko satya mAnakara anya kA niSedha karanA ucita nahI samajhate / vibhinna vAda svArthapUrNa dRSTi rokara apane mata ko anya para thopane kA prayatna karate hai, kintu sAhitya kA Adarza rAjanItika vAda-vivAda se pRthaka hai| sAhitya me vAda AgrahamUlaka na hokara mAnava-hita kA poSaka hotA hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me mAnava jIvana kI vividha samasyAoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| garIbI-amIrI, zoSaka-zopita, udyoga varga, praudyogIkaraNa, majUramAlika, prajAtantra Adi viSayo para vizeSa rUpa se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| amIrI tathA pAzcAtya sabhyatA ke raga me DUbe hue samAja aura sabhyatA ke bIca taDapate aura antima sAsa lene vAle vyakti se lekara, samAja meM viSAkta phaitAne vAle pUjIvAda kA unhone sUkSma vivecana kiyA hai / unake sAhitya ma viSaya kI vizuddhatA se adhika usakI gahanatA dRSTigata hotI hai / arthanIti se itara rAjanIti me hisAtmaka nIti kA unmUlana karake ahisaka nIti dvArA deza meM zAnti aura zAsakahIna rAjya kI sthApanA kI ora unhone vizeSatayA dhyAna AkarSita kiyA hai| jainendra ne mArksavAda, samAjavAda, sAmyavAda kI vividha sthitiyo kA sarvakSaNa karate hue apane sAhitya me gAdhI kI sarvodaya nIti ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai / jainendra kA sAhitya bhAratIya saMskRti kA poSaka hai| unakI racanAmo me bhAratIya saskRti aura surakSA kA prayatna pUrNata lakSita hotA hai| phrAyaDa aura mArksavAdI dhArAe unake sAhitya aura vicAro ko pUrNata, abhibhUta nahIM kara

Page #234
jainendra pora vyakti 226 pAtI / jainendra kI anubhavagamya dRSTi unhe siddhAnta se adhika vyAvahArikatA ko AdhAra banAne kI ora unmukha karatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki ve kisI pracalita siddhAnta pora prAdarza ko apane anubhava kI kasauTI para parakhe binA svIkAra nahIM krte| Athika vaiSamya jainendra ke sAhitya me sAmAjika aura Arthika viSamatA kA spaSTa svarUpa dikhAyI detA hai / unhone apane nikaTa kI paristhiti se AtmasAt hokara usame nihita satya ke udghATana kA prayAsa kiyA hai / baDe-baDe zaharo jahA cAro ora cahala-pahala tathA bhavya prAkarSaNa ke dRzya dikhAyI dete hai, vahI garIbI bhI dubakI huI karAhatI rahatI hai| dillI ke bAjAra hai jahA amIrI tanakara apanA pradarzana karatI phiratI hai aura jahA garIbI apane ko amIrI vANI me chipAe, zarmAe calatI hai| unakI racanAo me bhavyatA va dAridraya ke vaiSamya kA baDA hI marmasparzI citra prApta hotA hai, jisase jainendra kI sUkSma paryavekSaNa-zakti tathA gAnava jIvana ke prati unakI aTUTa niSThA paricaya prApta hotA hai| 'apanA pradarzana apanA bhAgya'' zIrSakA kahAnI isa dRSTi se bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa tathA upayukta hai / isa kahAnI ma jainendra ne dhArmika viSamatA se utpatra garIbI ke kAraNa mauta ke zikAra banane vAle bAlaka kA aisA mantika citra prastuta kiyA hai jo sahasA pApANa-hRdaya ko bhI jhakajhora dene meM samartha hai| uparokta kahAnI me lekhaka ne sAmrAjyavAdI agrejo ke zAsana-kAla kI sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA citra prastuta kiyA hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me vyakti kA hita hI pradhAna hai, isa dRSTi se unhone mAnava-pIDA ke vividha stroto kI ora dRSTipAta kiyA hai| mAnava ko pazu samajhane vAlI usa agareja jAti kI ora bhI unhone igita kiyA hai, jo ghoDe ke sadRza kisI hindustAnI vyakti para bhI koDe mArane me nahI hicakicAte the| isa bahAnI me lekhaka ne viSamatA kA vaha citra prastuta kiyA hai, jisame sapannatA ke kAraNa AvazyakatA se adhika sukha-suvidhA prApta karane vAle kucha aise vyakti hai, aura kucha aise hai jo yA to sAhaba kI 'mAra' se mara jAte he athavA nainItAla kI pahADiyo me ThaDaka se sikuDa kara prANa tyAgane 1 jainendrakumAra 'jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 2, cauthA sa0, 1666, dillI, pR0 sa0 136 / 2 'hindI kI sarvazreSTha kahAniyA', sa0 gaNezapANDeya, pra0 sa0, 1956, pR0 sa0 80 /

Page #235
230 jainendra kA jIvana-dazana ko vivaza hote hai| agarejI rAjya ke anantara bhI garIbI aura amIrI kA kA bheda kama nahI huA hai / garIba Aja bhI samAja kA ucchiSTa aga hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me vyakti-vyakti ke madhya praprema aura ghRNA kI gaharI khAI utpanna karane kA ekamAtra kAraNa dhanika varga kI jhUThI zAna aura pratiSThA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainendra ne apane sAhitya meM pratiSThita mAne jAne vAle vyaktiyo ko hI viziSTatA nahI pradAna kI hai| unakI dRSTi me nirdhana vyakti bhI apanI AtmA kI uccatA ke kAraNa sammAnanIya sthAna prApta karane kA adhikArI hai / yadyapi amIrI pApa nahI hai, kintu amIrI ke kAraNa hI vyakti kI naitikatA aura Atma-cetanA kA patana ho jAtA hai| dhanika samAja me cora, beImAna, caritrahIna vyakti kA saccA nirNaya nahI ho pAtA, kyoki ve paise ke bala para ImAnadAra aura caritravAn bane rahate hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me samAja ke aise varga para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai jahA sajjanatA ke pIche duSkarmo kI bU milatI hai / jainendra kI 'ekaTAipa' tathA 'Atithya' kahAnI isa tathya kI puSTi me prastuta kI jA sakatI hai| 'ekaTAipa' me eka aise vyakti kA paricaya prApta hotA hai, jo sacamuca TAipa hI hai| vaha rela me saphara karate hue pUre samaya taka 'zAntAkAram bhujaga zayanam' kA pATha apane Dhaga se karatA rahatA hai| use dekhakara koI nahI vizvAsa kara sakatA ki usakI sAdagI ke pIche hI koI kAlimA ho sakatI hai| kintu jainendra ne apane sAhitya me aise vyaktiyo ke jIvana kA rahasyodghATana kiyA hai, jo hara bhAti sambhrAnta dIkhate hai, dekhate hI unake bhItara Adara honA svAbhAvika hai| unake jIvana me aura unake mana me zakA kA kIDA kahI nahI diikhtaa| kintu thoDI AmadanI hone para bhI ve UparI AmadanI ke sahAre lambe kharca karate hai aura baDe garva ke sAtha kahate hai ki 'tanakhAha bIsa (rupae) se hI zurU huI thI, lekina usI ke bharose kauna rahatA hai| aise DhogI bhadra vyaktiyo ke prati jainendra ke - 1 'batalAne vAlo ne batAyA ki garIba ke muha para, chAtI, muTTiyo aura pero para, barpha kI halkI-sI cAdara cipaka gaI thii| mAno duniyA kI behayAI ghaTAne ke lie prakRti ne zava ke lie sapheda aura ThaNDe kaphana kA prabandha kara diyA thA / --'hindI kI sarvazreSTha kahAniyA', sampA0 gaNeza pANDeya, pra0 sa086 / 2 'zAntAkAram bhujagazayanam padmanAbha suresam / ' -jainendrakumAra 'jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 6, pR0 sa0 37 / 3 jainendrakumAra jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 6, pR0 sa0 34-36 /

Page #236
jainendra aura vyakti 231 hRdaya me ghora vitRSNA aura anutApa hai, jo ki unake sAhitya me spaSTata vyakta huA hai| 'Atithya' kahAnI me lekhaka ne aise vyakti kA citraNa kiyA hai, jisakI dRSTi me munAphA aura svArtha pramukha hai, mitratA gauNa hai / vaha apanI Amatrita atithi (mitra) ko apanI gozAlA, DerI Adi ke sambandha me savistAra paricaya detA hai, kintu atithi-satkAra ke nAma para mitra ke bacco ko chaTAka bhara dUdha dene me vaha apanI asamarthatA hI vyakta karatA hai / prastuta kahAnI dvArA lekhaka ne vyakti kI svArthI manovRtti kA bahuta hI spaSTa rUpa vyakta kiyA hai| sadAcaraNa jainendra ke sAhitya me sadAcaraNa kI ora bhI dRSTipAta kiyA gayA hai / jainendra ke anusAra bhraSTAcAra ko dUra karane kA ThekA lene vAle netA athavA sudhAraka sahI rUpa me samAja kA sudhAra nahIM kara sakate, kyoki samAja me durAcAra aura sadAcAra kI mAnyatAe jIvana ke bAhya svarUpa para AdhArita hai / Adhunika yuga meM vahI vyakti sadAcArI aura sambhrAta samajhA jAtA hai, jisake pAsa adhikAdhika dhanArjana karane ke sAdhana hai tathA jisakA jIvana-stara UcA hai / bhraSTAcAra ko dUra karane kA ThekA bhI aise hI vyakti lete hai, jinake pAsa kisI bhI vastu kA prabhAva nahIM hai / apane me pUrNa hokara ve sudhAra karanA cAhate hai / Aja sadAcAra kA mAnadaNDa lambI-coDI dAvate dene tathA jI kholakara svAgata aura satkAra karane me hai / kharca karane me sadAcArI vRtti kA hAsa hotA hai| jainendra ke anusAra Adhunika yuga me sadAcAra ke prasAra kA kArya rAjanetAmo taka hI parimita ho gayA hai, kintu jainendra kI dRSTi me rAjanItika hokara sadAcArI bane rahanA sambhava nahI hai / unakA vizvAsa hai ki yadi arthavRddhi se sadAcAra baDhatA huA mAnA jAtA hai to durAcAra bhI AmadanI ko baDhAne caDhAne kI ceSTA me hI hotA hai / 'cakkara sadAcAra kA' kahAnI jainendra ke vicAro kI pratinidhitva karane me pUrNata samartha hai| misTara varmA kI sadAcAra ke prasAra kI nIti ke prati aruci tathA udAsInatA isI tathya ko dyotita karatI 1. jainendrakumAra : 'janendra kI kahAniyA, bhAga 6, pR0 sa0 115 / 2 'sadAcAra binA baDhI-caDhI Aya ke ho nahI sakatA / baDhI-caDhI pAya ke lie hI durAcAra kiyA jAtA mAlUma hotA hai|' -~-jainendrakumAra 'jainendra kI kahAniyA~', bhAga 10, pra0 sa0, 1666, pR0 sa0 157 /

Page #237
232 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana hai ki ve samAja-sudhAra aura sudhAraka- sasthAo me vizvAsa nahI karate / unakA vizvAsa hai ki sudhAra ke lie Avazyaka hai hRdaya parivartana / antas se hone vAlI sudhArecchA hI satya hai / Upara se sudhAra kI pracAraka vRtti dvArA bhraSTAcAra kI hI vRddhi hotI hai / jainendra ke anusAra 'sasAra kA tathA rASTra kA bhalA netA nahI kara sakatA, kyoki usame rASTrIya nItiyo kA bAhulya hotA hai / 'unakI dRSTi me yadi sudhAra sambhava ho sakatA hai to gAdhI aura IsA jaise zahIdo ke dvArA hI ho sakatA hai / vastuta artha-vRddhi dvArA jIvana stara ko baDhAte hue sudhAra karane ke prayatna me vyakti ke apane hI pApa ko chipAne kA bhAva lakSita hotA hai / paisA aura vyakti jainendra kI dRSTi me samAja ke stara ko baDhAne ke lie AvazyakatA hai, pArasparika sneha, dayA aura mamatA kI / unake sAhitya kA pravalokana karate hue yaha jJAta hotA hai ki jaba taka hamArA amIrI ke prati mizyA dambha samApta nahI hogA, taba taka parasparatA kI kalpanA karanA nirarthaka hai / jainendra ke hRdaya meM vyakti ke tiraskAra aura artha ke satkAra ko lekara gaharA vikSobha hai, kyoki sasAra me prAya aisA ghaTita hote hue dekhA jAtA hai ki mArga me paDA huA paisA uThA liyA jAtA hai aura dukha se karAhatA huA vyakti choDa diyA jAtA hai / paise kI zakti kA jJAna prabodha bacce ko bhI hotA hai, kyoki paise se vyakti kA hita jur3A hotA hai / paise kI zakti ne hI garIba aura amIra ke bIca gaharI khAI utpanna kara dI hai, jisase vyakti, vyakti ko pahacAnane meM asamartha haiM / jainendra kI dRSTi me jaba taka hamArI artha mAnasikatA ke svarUpa meM antara nahI AyegA, taba taka mAnava jIvana yo hI tiraskRta hotA rahegA aura sacita dhana samAja kA koDha banA rahegA / unakI dRSTi me mAladAra banane kI icchA manuSyatA kI nidhi me nakAba lagAkara corI karane kI icchA se kama yA bhinna nahI hai / ' pU~jIvAdI dRSTi jainendra ke sAhitya me pUjIpatiyo ke prati unakA gaharA prakopa prabhivyakta huA hai| samAja meM utpanna prArthika vaiSamya kA dAyitva pUjIpatiyoM para hI hai / 1 jainendrakumAra ' soca-vicAra', pR0 sa0 88 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'soca-vicAra', pR0 sa0 88 / 3 jainendrakumAra 'soca-vicAra', pR0 sa0 63 /

Page #238
jainendra mora vyakti 233 pUjIpati vahI hai, jo pUjI baDhAne kI hI kalA jAnatA hai / kharca karane kI nahI jAnatA hai / isa prakAra kendrIbhUta pUjI samAja ke zarIra ko viSAkta karane me sahAyaka hotI hai / jainendra ke anusAra jisa prakAra zarIra ke svAsthya ke hetu rakta kA samucita pravAha anivArya hai, usI prakAra samAja rUpI zarIra ke svAsthya ke hetu dhana kA sacita vitaraNa anivArya hai / sarakArI mohara lagane para hI pUjI kI sArthakatA nirbhara karatI hai, anyathA vaha svayaM me jaDa hai / jainendra ne apanI racanAo me 'sarakArI mohara' zabda kA bAra-bAra prayoga kiyA hai, jisase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki dhana ke sarakArI sarakSaraNa ko ve ucita nahI mAnate / 'vivarta', 'sukhadA', 'sunItA', 'jayavardhana' me pUjIpatiyoM kI kaTu AlocanA kI hai / ' jainendra ke anusAra pUjI svaya me doSa nahI hai, kintu usakI vRddhikAraka pravRtti samAja ke zarIra me gaharA ghAva hai / pUjI vRddhi kA sarvotkRSTa sAdhana utpAdana kSetrakA pradhikRta karanA hai / pUjIpatiyo kI dRSTi me svArtha kI bhAvanA bahuta pradhika hotI hai / pratiSThA eva aizvarya ke samakSa deza va rASTra kA hita bhI unakI dRSTi meM gorA hotA hai| jainendra ne bhautikatA ke raMga meM raMge hue arthavRddhi ke lie saceSTa rahane vAle samAja kA citraNa karate hue spaSTa kiyA hai ki aise vyaktiyo ko zrama bhI nahI karanA paDatA aura pUjI baDhatI jAtI hai / sAmAjika sasthA ko dAnasvarUpa kucha sampatti dekara ve prema ko bahuta pratiThita samajhane lagate haiM, 'anantara' me prAditya aisA hI vyakti hai, jisakA lakSya jIvana stara ko baDhAnA hai| dharma, naitikatA, paramArtha grAdi bhAvanAe usakI dRSTi me nirarthaka hai / " 'vivarta' meM bhI lekhaka ne aise parivAra kA citraNa kiyA hai, jahA pratikSaNa sukha bhoga meM vyatIta hotA hai| unake jIvana me prabhAva nAma kI koI vastu hI nahI hotii| ve apane sukhamaya jIvana meM kabhI apane se nIce dekhane kA kaSTa nahI karate / jainendra ne aise vyaktiyo para gaharA vyagya kiyA hai| eka prora AvazyakatA se adhika dhana hone ke kAraNa jIvana krIDA bana jAtA hai / dUsarI cora kucha rupayoM ke lie beTiyA becI jAtI hai / samAja me yaha bheda dhana ke kAraNa hI utpanna hotA hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me pUjIpatiyo kI svArthamayI dRSTi ne samAja me aisA vipa phailA diyA hai, jise dUra kie binA samasta mAnava -saskRti kA vinAza nizcita hai / aisI viSama sthiti me jAgarUka krAntikArI samAja ke bhItara vyApta artha kI zakti kA visphoTa karane ke lie vivaza hai / 'sukhadA ' 1. jainendrakumAra 'soca-vicAra', pR0 sa0 145 / 2. jainendrakumAra 'antara, 1668, pra0 sa0, dillI /

Page #239
234 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana me lAla aisA hI krAntikArI vyakti hai, jisakI dRSTi me paise ne apane dAta se kATa-kATa kara jagaha-jagaha samAja ke zarIra me jo ghAva kara rakhe hai una ghAvo kA dhonA aura bahA denA hI unakA pramukha zauka hai| dhana ke isa prakAra pUjIkRta hone se garIba garIba hote gaye hai, amIra adhika amIra hote gaye hai / isa prakAra garIbI aura amIrI do aise kinAre bana gaye hai, jiname milana arthAt pArasparika prema kI koI sambhAvanA hI nahI dRSTigata hotii| jainendra ke anusAra pUjI ne vyakti ko prAdamiyata se adhika haisiyata se joDakara jhUThI maryAdA aura pratiSThA ko baDhAne me hI sahayoga diyA hai / jainendra ke sAhitya dvArA dhanI varga ke prati unakI ghora vitRSNA kA bhAva lakSita hotA hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me pUjIpatiyo ke viruddha hisAtmaka vRtti bhI lakSita hotI hai, kintu isa vRtti dvArA lekhaka kA uddezya pUjIpatiyo ke prati apane prAkroSa ko hI vyakta karanA hai| 'vivarta' aura 'sukhadA' me hame jainendra ke inhI vicAro kI jhalaka milatI hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me pUjIvAdI sabhyatA me AdamI kI nahI, varan paise kI pUjA hotI hai / vastuta jainendra ke sAhitya kA avalokana karate hue hama isa niSkarSa para pahucate hai ki dhanika varga kI jhUThI aura chalI sabhyatA ke prati unake mana me tanika bhI AsthA nahI hai| unakA Adarza mAnavamAnava kI parasparatA me hI pUrNa hotA hai| unhone apane sAhitya dvArA samAja ke isa doSa ko dUra karate hue premamaya bhAvo ke prasAra kA prayatna kiyA hai| sAmyavAdI dRSTi uparokta sthitiyo ko dekhate hue prazna uThatA hai ki kyA jainendra apane sAhitya dvArA samAja kI viSamatA kA unmUlana karate hue Arthika samAnatA lAnA cAhate hai / kyA ve aise samAja kI sthApanA karanA cAhate hai, jisame samasta mAnavatA eka hI sAce me DhalI ho| isa tathya kI puSTi ke hetu jainendra ke sAhitya me sAmyavAdI aura samAjavAdI prabhAvo ko dekhanA anivArya hai| mArksavAda eka rAjanItika tantra hone ke pUrva eka dArzanika dRSTi hai| kArla mArksa ke anusAra mAnava jIvana kI viSamatA aura samasta dukho kA ekamAtra kAraNa Arthika viSamatA hai / artha jIvana kI sukha-suvidhAo kA AdhAra hai / usake anucita vibhAjana ke kAraNa hI mAnava jIvana me azAnti aura vidroha kI bhAvanA jAgrata hotI hai / mArksavAdI nIti kA vizva sAhitya para bahuta adhika prabhAva lakSita hotA hai / jisa prakAra phrAyaDa ne manovizleSaNavAdI 1 jainendrakumAra 'sukhadA', pR0 sa0 107 /

Page #240
jainendra prora vyakti 235 vicAro ke AdhAra para vyakti ke anta mana ko vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai, usI prakAra mArksa dvArA bAhya jIvana ke dvandvo ko 'artha' ke AdhAra para vivecita kiyA gayA hai| ___mArksa kI samAjavAdI nIti kA Adarza samAja se Arthika viSamatA ko dUra kara mAnava-ekatA kI sthApanA karanA hai, jahA zoSaka aura zoSita kA bheda pUrNata samApta ho jAya / samAjavAda dvArA vargahIna samAja kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai| isame sArI sattA sTeTa me kendrita ho jAtI hai tathA vyaktigata sattA ko (pUjI) prazraya nahIM mila pAtA / samAjavAda kA kArya samAja me krAnti utpanna karake parivartana lAnA hai / sabhyatA kA vikAsa tathA vijJAna kI pragati dvArA jIvana ko adhikAdhika sukhamaya banAnA hI samAjavAdI athavA sAmyavAdI nIti kA uddezya hai / unhone jIvana-stara ke baDhAne para vizeSa bala diyA hai| mArksa ke anusAra hamArA sAhitya, saMskRti, kalA Adi kA uddezya vyakti kI Arthika sthiti ko adhikAdhika samRddha banAnA hai / mArksavAda me naitikatA para bala nahI diyA gayA hai, usame bhautikatA tathA audyogika pragati para adhika dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA gayA hai tathA ekatA ke hetu raktakrAnti ko anivArya batAyA gayA hai| vastuta samAjavAda me sAmAjikatA para bala diyA gayA hai aura vyakti-hita kI avahelanA kI gaI hai| unakI dRSTi me 'cetanA' aura bhautika padArtha me koI antara nahI hai / dono ke saMgharSa ke pariNAmasvarUpa bhI bhautika-sabhyatA kA vikAsa hotA hai| uparokta sAmyavAdI dRSTi kA vivecana karate hue jaba jainendra ke sAhitya kA avalokana karate hai, to hama isa niSkarSa para pahucate hai ki mArksavAda aura jainendra kI dRSTi me mUlata antara hai / eka bhautikatA pradhAna hai, dUsare me AdhyAtmikatA kA prAcurya hai / mArksa kI dRSTi me samasyA kA mUla kAraNa Arthika hai, jainendra kI dRSTi me mAnava jIvana ke samasta zabdo kA mUla kAraNa "The socialism solution, as it ought to be clear from our analysis of the process of accumulation of wealth, is to abolish private ownership of the means of production and to cstablish over the ownership of the whole community 'J. P Naran-Soc , Sar & Democracy-1964 Bom (P.13). 2. mahAtmA gAdhI 'di vAyasa Apha TUtha', pR0 242 / 3. jayaprakAza nArAyaNa . 'sozalijma sarvodaya eNDa DemokresI', pR0sa0 153 /

Page #241
236 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana pArasparika prema kA AdhAra hai / jainendra ke anusAra mArksa kA dRSTikoNa sarAha - nIya hai, kintu vaha apane lakSya kI pUrti ke hetu jina sAdhano kI kalpanA karatA hai, ve pragrAhya hai / ' jainendra kI dRSTi me mArksavAdI naitikatA prakRtta nahI hai / unakI dRSTi me jabardastI dhana kA apaharaNa karake samatA lAne kI nIti pranetikatA tathA anaucitya ko baDhAvA detI hai / jainendra ne apane sAhitya meM artha kI AvazyakatA kA niSedha nahI kiyA hai kintu usakI prApti ke lie dharma ko Avazyaka batAyA hai / jainendra ne dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa kI samaSTi meM hI vyakti kI pUrNatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai / unake anusAra arthaprApti kI vamamUlaka dRSTi hI mAnava kalyANa meM sahAyaka ho sakatI hai / unake anusAra pratha dharma ke sthAna para rAjanIti se juDakara kabhI bhI vyakti ke hita kA popaka nahI ho sakatA / jainendra ke sAhitya meM bhI vargahIna samAja kI sthApanA para bala diyA gayA hai / 'soddezya' kahAnI me ve sAmyavAdiyo kI bhAti aise rAjya kI sthApanA karanA cAhate hai, 'jisame jo dIna he, ve dIna nahI rahege, jinake hAtha meM zrama hai, ve hI vidhAtA hoge / " jainendra ke dvArA kalpita vargahIna samAja me vyakti kI sambhAvanAe vinaSTa nahI hotI / unakA Adarza vyaSTi aura samaSTi, bhautika aura AdhyAtmika, dharma aura prartha Adi do kinAro ke madhya sAmajasya sthApita karanA hai / jainendra ke anusAra vastu ke adhikAdhika utpAdana prora vitaraNa ro hI jIvana kI samasta samasyAo kA samAdhAna sambhava nahI ho sakatA / ve sukhamaya jIvana ke lie Atmagata sukha aura zAnti ko anivArya mAnate ha / jainendra kI dRSTi me vyakti, samAja aura rASTra hI nahI varan vizva ke mUla me prema hI pradhAna hai / " jainendra para gAdhI jI ke AdarzoM kI gaharI chApa dRSTigata hotI he / 1 'mArksa se mai sarvathA sahamata ho sakatA hU, lekina hisA ko galata aura ahisA ko ThIka samajhane se chuTTI nahI pA sakatA / ' -- jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 77 / 2 mArksa ke anusAra -- ' dharma janatA ke lie aphIma he tathA samAja kA roga hai / ' 'mArksavAda aura mUla dArzanika prazna', pR0 sa0 86, 60 / 3 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 sa0 188 / 4 jainendrakumAra jainendra kI kahAniyA, bhAga 7, pR0 sa0 46 | 5 ' vargahIna samAja vaha hogA, jo prema kI zakti se calegA / ' -- jainendrakumAra ' samaya aura hama', pR0 83 / *

Page #242
jainendra aura vyakti 237 gAvI jI bhI adhikatama saMkhyA ke adhikatama sukha me vizvAsa nahIM krte| inakI dRSTi me mAnavamAtra kA sukhI honA anivArya hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me bhArata jaise garIba deza ke lie jIvana stara baDhAne se pUrva garIbI ko dUra karanA Avazyaka hai| TrasTIzipa garIbI ko dUra karane ke lie amIro se dhana chInane kA kArya samatA kI dRSTi se pUrNata saphala nahI ho sktaa| Upara se thopA gayA koI bhI niyama, kAnUna adhika sthAyI nahI hotA / jaba ki hRdayagata preraNA cirasthAyI hotI hai / gAdhI jI sampatti ke isa apaharaNa ko anaitika kRtya mAnate hai| unakI dRSTi me hRdaya parivartana-dvArA hI mAnavatA kA saccA hita sambhava ho sakatA hai| ve yaha Avazyaka nahI mAnate ki amIra garIba ho jAya aura usakA dhana chIna liyA jAya / unake anusAra vyakti kA nijI sampatti para adhikAra usI prakAra honA cAhie, jisa prakAra TrasTI kA TrasTa ke dhana para hotA hai / isa prakAra samAja me samAnatA kI bhAvanA hI utpanna hotI hai tathA raktakrAnti kI AvazyakatA bhI nahI pddtii| gAdhI jI ne sAdhana aura sAdhya dono kI vizuddhatA para bala diyA hai| gAdhI jI kI isa aparigrahI nIti kA jainendra ke sAhitya para bahuta adhika prabhAva lakSita hotA hai / jainendra ke anusAra, 'apanA kahane ko hamAre pAsa kucha bhI nahI honA cAhie / " jainendra artha ke sTeTa me kendrita hone kI nIti ke prabala virodhI hai| aise samAjavAda ko ve rAjakIya pUjIvAda (sTeTa kaipiTalijma) kI sajJA dete hai| jainendra ke anusAra kAnUna ke jora se sampatti para se nijI adhikAra uThA dene aura sArvajanika adhikAra banA dene se jaDa aura naukarazAhI kA aisA kasA zikajA hI khaDA ho sakatA hai, jisame mAnava-sambhAvanAe khilane ke bajAya murajhA jAyagI / isa prakAra mAnava-vikAsa kula milAkara ghATe me nahI rhegaa|" jainendra ke anusAra garIbI aura amIrI ke bheda ko pUrNata miTAyA ? 'I do not believe in the doctrine of the greatest good for the greatest number - Mahatma Gandhi 'The Voice of Truth' (P 230, 237) 2 'greTaisTa guDa Apha pAla', pR0 sa0 237 / 3 jainendrakumAra . 'samaya aura hama', pR0 sa0 406 / 4. jainendrakumAra 'kalyANI', pR0 sa 142 / 5. jainendrakumAra . 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAnta' (aprkaashit)|

Page #243
238 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana nahI jA sakatA / samAja me garIba aura amIra sadaiva bane hI rhege| yAntrika samAnatA utpanna karanA nitAta asvAbhAvika hai| jainendra ke anusAra TrasTIzipa kI bhAvanA hI rASTra kA kalyANa karane meM samartha ho sakatI hai| dhana-sacaya kA niSedha karate hue unhone artha kI paramArthonmukhatA para bala diyA hai| pUjIpati ko ve sampatti kA sarakSaka hI samajhanA cAhate hai, upabhoktA nhii| ___ jainendra ke sAhitya me TrasTIzipa kI bhAvanA spaSTata lakSita hotI hai| 'kalyANI' tathA 'anantara' me isa tathya para vizeSata bala diyA gayA hai| kalyANI bhagavAna ke mandira ke nAma se jo dhana sacita karatI hai, vaha paramArtha hetu hI prayukta hotA hai / 'anantara' me 'zAnti dhAma' kI jaisI vyavasthA vyakta kI gaI hai, usapara gAdhI jI kA prabhAva spaSTata parilakSita hotA hai| usame vyakta kiyA gayA hai ki 'samasta ekatrita dhana samAja kA hai aura dhana vAle sirpha khajAcI hai / pUjIpati kA kArya samAja kI AvazyakatAnusAra dhana kA vyaya karanA hai|3 'jitanA jisake pAsa atirikta hai, choDanA hogaa| vastuta jainendra ne pUjI kA niSedha na karake vyakti kI svArthamayI pravRti kI hI avahelanA kI hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me vyakti bhAgya aura paristhiti ke anusAra bhI garIba tathA amIra dikhAyI dete hai| bhAgya ke pariNAma kA nirAkaraNa sabhava nahI ho sktaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainendra kI dRSTi me pUrNa samatA sabhava nahI ho sktii| __mArksa sAmAjika viSamatA ke mUla me Arthika sthiti ko hI pradhAna mAnate hai, kintu jainendra ke anusAra garIbI kA savAla ekadama Arthika nahI hai / sirpha dhana kA na honA daridra kA lakSaNa nahI hai / usakA sahArA lekara jo bebasI aura aochAI kI bhAvanA prAdamI me samA jAtI hai, asalI roga to vaha he aura isa lihAja se raka aura dIna kA prazna naitika prazna hai / vastuta jainendra ke anusAra garIba aura amIra ke madhya kI khAI bhAvanA kI vizuddhatA, prema aura sauhArdra ke 1 'AI DU nATa bilIva ina DIDa ina yUniphArmiTI' jayaprakAzanArAyaNa 'sozalijma sarvodaya eNDa DaimokresI', pR0 sa0 340 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'kalyANI', pR0 sa0 143 / 3 'zoSaNa ko samApta karanA koI nirA Arthika aura rAjanItika kAryakrama nahI hai, balki usake aga rUpa me brahmacarya aura aparigraha Adi bhI anivArya hote hai| --jainendrakumAra 'antara', pR0 161 / 4 jainendrakumAra 'anantara', pR0 161 / 5 jainendrakumAra 'soca vicAra', pR0 sa0 136 /

Page #244
jainendra aura vyakti 236 dvArA hI miTAyI jA sakatI hai, raktakrAnti dvArA nahI / Arthika dAna dekara athavA dhana kA hastAntaraNa karake garIbI ko miTAyA nahIM jA sakatA, varan mAnava AtmA ke bIca tanAva hI utpanna kiyA jA sakatA hai / vastuta jainendra ne bhI apane sAhitya me gAdhIvAdI sAdhana aura sAdhya kI zuddhatA para bala diyA hai| unake anusAra samAnatA lAne kA prAdhAra AtmadAna hai / ve Arthika viSamatA kA kAraNa Arthika sthiti meM hI nahI, hArdika vedanA athavA savedanIyatA ke abhAva me hI dekhate he| vastuta jainendra jisa samAnatA kI kalpanA karate hai, vaha vastugata na hokara Atmagata hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me vyakti hisAba, zreNI, vAda, aura stara se Upara bhAvapradhAna hai| baDe banane kI bhAvanA hI pUjIvAdI sabhyatA kA mukhya doSa hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me 'Arthika' kI jagaha pAramArthika mUlya ho, to vyakti apane paDosI kI kImata para baDe banane kA vicAra nahI apnaaegaa| manuSya aura mazIna ___jainendra ke anusAra bhautika stara ko baDhAne ke lie nityaprati naI-naI mazIno kA AviSkAra ho rahA hai, kintu pratikriyAsvarUpa mazIna mAnava ke astitva ke lie eka khatarA bana gaI hai / 'zrama para pUjI savAra hai' mazIna pUjIkRta hai aura mAnava zramaniSTha hai| isa prakAra mAnava aura mazIna kI samasyA zrama aura pUjI kI samasyA ke rUpa me lakSita hotI hai| jainendra ke anusAra- 'jo sirpha sat hai vaha jaDa, jisame sAtha citta bhI ho vaha cetana / sat me cit garbhita rUpa se hai hii| jisame cit jagA huA hai use kisI taraha sulAyA jA sake to cetana bhI jaDa ho jAya / cit jagAyA jA sake to jaDa bhI cetana ho jAya / kintu Adhunika yuga jaDatA-pradhAna hI ho gayA hai / mazIna dvArA duniyA ko svarga banAne kI ceSTA kI jA rahI hai, kintu jainendra kI dRSTi me yaha vRtti mAnava kI mRgatRSNA ke sadRza pratIta hotI hai / bhautika sukha ke unmeSa me vaha bahatA jA rahA hai, kintu usakI Antarika tRSA zAnta hone ko nahI hai| munAphe kI 1 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 sa0 84 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 sa0 84 / 3 jainendrakumAra . 'anantara', pR0 sa0 86 / 4. jainendrakumAra * 'soca vicAra', pR0 sa0 217 / 5. 'pUjI aura zrama kA savAla mujhe jaDa cetana kA hI savAla lagatA hai|' -jainendrakumAra 'soca vicAra', pR0 sa0 217 /

Page #245
240 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana vRtti hI mazIna kI vRddhi ko protsAhita karane kA ekamAtra kAraNa hai| jenendra ke anusAra jaba taka manuSya kI amoghatA kI ora dhyAna AkRSTa nahIM hogA, taba taka bhautika sukha-suvidhA ke dvArA sthApita saskRti aura sabhyatA nirmUlya hI rhegii| ___ zrAvunika sabhyatA budvipradhAna he, AsthA aura prAtmabala usame se luptaprAya ho gaye hai| isa prakAra sAmyavAdI nIti jo ki pUjIvAda ke virodha me phalita huI thI vaha bhI apane lakSya ko pUrNa karane meM samartha na ho sakI / jainendra kI dRSTi me pUjIvAda me yadi Arthika viSamatA thI to sAmyavAdI vicAra Arthika khuzahAlI ke lie hI pratyanazIla hai| jainendra ke anusAra pUjIvAda ke unmUlana se mahAjana kA astitva nahI rahatA hai, kintu mazIna kI adhikatA majUra aura mAlika ke bheda ko miTAne me saphala nahI ho sktii| 'anantara' me jainendra ne sAmyavAda ke dvArA hone vAlI pratikriyA para prakAza DAlA he / unakI dRSTi me jaba taka pratyeka vyakti sevA-bhAva se yukta hokara choTe-se-choTA kArya karane hetu tatpara nahI hogA, taba taka vyakti-bheda kA doSa samAja se dUra nahI kiyA jA sktaa| vastuta jainendra mAnava samAja kI pragati tathA ekatA ke hetu iNDasTrI ko vizeSa lAbhaprada nahI mAnate / unake anusAra 'iNDasTrI ke bharoge deza kA kAma nahI clegaa| isase samaya kA apavyaya bhI hotA hai / ataeva udyogo dvArA hI mAnavatA kA pUrNa kalyANa sambhava ho sakatA hai / jainendra ke anusAra vyAvasAyika udyoga se mukti prApta karane ke lie choTe-moTe udyogo ko protsAhana denA Avazyaka hai| 1 'pUjIvAdI vicAra prakaTa me hI Arthika hai| sAmyavAdI vicAra bhI sarvathA Arthika hai, isakI mUla preraNA prArthika khuzahAlI hai| kuncha kI Arthika sampannatA ke prati AkAkSA aura sampannatA ke vartamAna bhoktAno ke prati vidveSa jagAne se usakA kAma sadhatA hai|' --jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 112 / 2 'saba svecchA se majUra bana jAte to zAyada vaha alaga se nahI bhI rhtaa| para vaha to huA nahI / socA ki mazIna se majUra ko haTA dege / vaha bhalA kaise ho sakatA thA ? aura jo huA vaha yaha ki majUra rahA aura mahAjana haTA to usakI jagaha hajUra Akara virAjamAna ho ge|' ---jainendrakumAra 'anantara', pR0 sa0 86 / 3 janendrakumAra 'anantara', pR0 sa0 80 /

Page #246
jainendra aura vyakti 241 zArIrika zrama ___ jainendra pazcima kI vyAvasAyika dRSTi ko mAnava-kalyANa me bAdhaka samajhate hai| unake sAhitya me isIlie zArIrika zrama aura udyoga para vizeSatayA bala diyA gayA hai, tathA unhone carkhe ke prayoga para bhI jora diyA hai / 'jayavardhana', 'muktibodha' tathA 'viccheda' Adi upanyAsa aura kahAniyo me unake AdarzoM kI pUrNa jhalaka dRSTigata hotI hai / 'sunItA' me jainendra ne zArIrika zrama para sarvAdhika bala diyA hai| hariprasanna kahatA hai-'paisA zrama kA honA cAhie, mUrta va cAturya kA nahI / usake anusAra zArIrika astitva ke lie zArIrika zrama para nirbhara rahanA atyanta Avazyaka hai| hariprasanna svaya ko zramika varga kA hI kahalAnA cAhatA hai| mAnava-caritra aura vijJAna ___ Adhunika yuga vijJAna kA yuga hai| jainendra ne apane sAhitya me vaijJAnika pragati kA bahiSkAra nahI kiyA hai, tathApi use vizeSa prazraya bhI nahI pradAna kiyA hai| unakI dRSTi me vijJAna kI pragati tabhI taka grAhya ho sakatI hai, jaba taka vaha mAnava-caritra ke vikAsa me bAdhaka nahI hotii| mAnava-caritra kA AdarzarUpa vyakti ke sneha kI surakSA me hai / jainendra aisI sabhyatA (sAmyavAdI) ko kadApi svIkAra karane ke pakSa me nahI hai jo mAnava mAnava ke madhya dUrI utpanna kara detI hai| jayaprakAzanArAyaNa ke anusAra vijJAna ke prabhAva ke kAraNa hI Aja paDosI aparicita ho gayA hai| 'anantara' me jainendra ke pragatizIla vicAro kI spaSTatA kI jhalaka milatI hai / vijJAna ne mAnava jIvana ko adhikAdhika bhautika banA diyA hai, jisase AdhyAtmika dRSTi kA lopa hone lagatA hai| pAzcAtya saMskRti ke prabhAva se bhAratIya saskRti kI sthiti bahuta dayanIya ho gaI hai| 'anantara' me vijJAna ke prati apane AkroSa ko vyakta karatI huI vanAni kahatI hai ki 'vijJAna baDhe to kyA, mAnava-caritra ko bhI ghaTanA hI 1 jainendrakumAra 'sunItA', pR0 sa0 72 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'sunItA', pR0 sa0 72 / 3. jainendrakumAra 'anantara', pR0 sa0 56 / 4. "Science has turned the whole world into a neighbourhood, but man has created a civilization that has turned even neighbours into strangers' -Jayaprakash Narayan'Socialism, Sarvodaya and Democracy'-(P 162).

Page #247
242 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana caahie| jainendra ke sAhitya me sAmAjika vyavasthA aura pragati ke hetu krAnti kA udghoSa dRSTigata hotA hai| yaha krAnti deza, samAja aura rASTra se adhika apane paDosI ko lekara phalita hotI hai, kyoki Aja vyakti AkAza kI ora dauDa rahA hai, kintu dharatI para apane paDosI se aparicita hai / jainendra ke anusAra 'samAja aura deza kA prArambha paDosI se hai, anyathA deza, samAja, prAnta dhAraNAe hai, aura ve kahI hai hI nahI / '2 jainendra ke sAhitya kA sarvekSaNa karane se jJAta hotA hai ki vizva ke samasta dvandvo kA mUla vyakti kI svArthavRtti hI hai / 'sva' aura 'para' cAhe vyakti, vyakti ke samparka me ho athavA rASTra, aura rASTra ke sandarbha me ho, dvandvAtmaka sthiti utpanna karane me hI sahAyaka hote hai / jainendra ke anusAra vAstavika pragati svArthavRtti ke niSeva me hI sambhava ho sakatI hai| sacce krAntikArI kA uddezya vyakti me paramArtha kI bhAvanA kA udaya karanA hai, jisase vaha mAnavatA ke hita ke lie unmukha ho sakatA hai| jainendra kI pAramArthika dRSTi pUrNatAvA diyo ke sadRza hI mAnava jAti ke hita kA udghoSa karatI hai| prajAtantra __uparokta sabhI vAda-pUjIvAda, samAjavAda, sAmyavAda vyakti jIvana kI samasyA kA samAdhAna karane meM asamartha hai / prajAtantra dvArA yaha kalpanA kI jAtI 1 jainendrakumAra 'anantara', pR0 sa0 56 / 2 jainendrakumAra jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 8, tR0 sa0, pR0 76 / 3 'pazu bhI svatva ko lekara janmatA hai, manuSya hI hai jo parivAra me aura samAja me janma letA hai / vahI hai aatm| 'prAdarza ke lie jIne me isalie utanI mahimA nahI hai, jitanI paDosI ke lie jIne me hai'| ___ --jainendrakumAra jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 8, pR0 sa0 76 / 'jisa svArtha aura paramArtha ke prazna ko anya vicArako ne zAzvata samasyA kA rUpa de diyA thA, use pUrNatAvAdiyo ne mAnava-satya ke AdhAra para samajhAyA aura use AkarSaka, sundara, vyApaka, vAstavika tathA kalyANakArI rUpa diyA / yadi isa satya ke AdhAra para Aja ke vizvavyApI zoSakazoSita ke prazna ko sulajhAye to vyakti aura rASTra ke dhvasa ke badale eka unnata mAnava jAti kA nirmANa ho jAyagA, jise pAzavika pravRttiyA chipAye hue hai|' --zAnti jozI 'nItizAstra', pR0 267-68 /

Page #248
jainendra aura vyakti 243 hai ki usame prajA dvArA arthAt janatA dvArA janatA ke hita para hI dhyAna diyA jAyagA / bAhya rUpa me dekhane para prajAtantra kI praNAlI rAjakIya vyavasthA ke hetu zubha pratIta hotI hai / jainendra ne apane upanyAsa 'muktibodha' me prajAtAtrika praNAlI kI vivecanA kI hai| unake anusAra 'prajAtAntrika praNAlI mepAliyAmeNTa me basa do-cAra barasa uchalakUda karane kA maukA mila jAtA hai / bAhara ke loga dekhate rahate hai ki hamArA AdamI kyA kara rahA hai, isa taraha nakela to bAhara hama logo ke hAtha hI rahatI hai / nahIM to janatantra ke mAne kucha nahI raha jAte / vastuta jainendra kI dRSTi me prajAtantra svaya me sadoSa nahI hai| usakA uddezya janatA me hI pUrNa hotA hai, kintu prajAtantra me bhI kucha aise doSa vidyamAna hai, jinake kAraNa janatA aura pArliyAmeNTa ke sadasyo ke madhya puna dUrI utpanna ho jAtI hai aura netA svaya ko prazAsaka samajhane lagate hai| bhArata jaise garIba deza ke muTThI bhara netA janatA ke paise kA sukhabhoga karate hai| unhe paryApta mAtrA me bhattA prApta hotA hai / prajAtantra me 'nepoTijma' kI bhAvanA ko AdhAra milatA hai| sasada kA sadasya janatA se adhika apane bhAI-bhatIjo kA sevaka hotA hai / parivAra ke loga apanI pratiSThA aura pragati ke hetu hI apanA pratinidhi sasada me bhejate hai| isa dRSTi se jainendra ke upanyAsa 'muktibodha' ke vicAra bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa hai| 'muktibodha' kA nAyaka prasAda svacchanda rUpa se janasevA karane ke hetu pArliyAmeNTa se tyAgapatra lenA cAhatA hai| vaha apane parivAra ke logo kI svArtha pravRti se pUrNata avagata hai| isalie vaha pada se mukti cAhatA hai / usake padArUDha hone se anya loga anucita lAbha uThAnA cAhate hai| isalie use bAra-bAra padagrahaNa ke hetu vivaza kiyA jAtA hai / ' prasAda ke pada-tyAga karane se usake putra kA bhaviSya nahIM bana sakatA / samAja me use pratiSThita sthAna nahI prApta ho sktaa| prasAda antata sadasyatA se mukti prApta karane ke lie hI prayatnazIla rahatA hai| anta me jaba use vivaza hokara pada grahaNa karanA paDatA hai taba usakI dRSTi me 1 jainendra kumAra 'muktibodha', pra0 sa0 1665, pR0 sa0 24 / 2 pArliyAmeNTa me hamane acchA khAsA bhattA apane lie taiyAra kara rakhA hai, usase pahale jAnate ho aura bhI ThATha the / ' -jainendra kumAra 'muktibodha', pR0 sa0 43 / 3. jainendrakumAra : 'muktibodha', pR0 sa0 13 / ___'ApakA mana bhara cukA hogA, para hame to abhI saba kucha pAnA hai|..' 4. jainendrakumAra : 'muktibodha', pR0 sa0 62 /

Page #249
244 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana niyama aura Adarza hI pramukha ho jAtA hai, laDakA yA dAmAda kA svArtha nhii| vaha apanI dRDhatA ke kAraNa apane hI parivAra ke logo kI beImAnI kA rahasyodghATana karane me sakoca nahIM karatA / vastuta jainendra-sAhitya ke mAdhyama se jJAta hotA hai ki prajAtatra me zAbdika AkarSaNa avazya hai, kintu mUla me vyakti kI svArthamayI pravRti hI pradhAna hai| niSkarSata sAhitya me jainendra ne kisI bhI vAda-vizeSa kA sahArA nahI liyA hai| unakI dRSTi me mAnava-hita kI kAmanA hI mukhya Adarza hai, anya saba vAda jo ki Adarza kA Dhoga karate hai, kevala aha ko puSTa karane me hI saphala hote hai, vyaktirUpa me nahI / vyakti-hita athavA mAnava jAti kI unnati ke hetu 'sva' kA samarpaNa anivArya hai| jainendra ne apane sAhitya me 'sva' ko bahuta hI vyApaka pariprekSya me grahaNa kiyA hai , unake anusAra pratyeka rASTra kA apanA 'sva' hotA hai| yaha svatvamUlaka bhAvanA hI vyakti me rASTrIyatA kI bhAvanA ko udbhUta karatI hai| rASTra-prema me apanatva kA bhAva antarnihita rahatA hai, kintu jainendra jIvana ke kisI bhI stara para svArtha ko nahI Tikane denA cAhate / ataeva vizva ke lie rASTrIya svArtha kA tyAga bhI mAnavatA kA parama Adarza hai / jainendra ke sAhitya kI mahattA isa tathya meM samAhita hai ki ve deza aura rASTra ke lie ksiI bhaugolika-sImA ko svIkAra nahI karate / unakI dRSTi me sImA-rekhA khIcane se Adarzagata bhinnatA hote hue bhI bhAvanAmo me antara nahI AtA / isIlie unake sAhitya meM bAra-bAra sampUrNa mAnava jAti ke aikya tathA dezavideza ke bheda ko dUra karake prema para AdhRta abhedamUlaka dRSTi kI pratiSThApanA kI hai / 'muktibodha', 'anantara', 'jayavardhana' Adi upanyAso tathA 'vI'Tisa' Adi kahAniyo me yahI mahatvapUrNa dRSTikoNa dRSTigata hotA hai / jainendra kI mAnavatAvAdI dRSTi ke mUla me gAdhI kI ahisaka nIti kI jhalaka dRSTigata hotI hai| 'sva' aura 'para' ke mUla me unakI ahiMsAtmaka dRSTi hI pradhAna hai / ahisA aura prema eka hI sikke ke do pakSa ke sadRza hai| jahA~ prema hai vahA hisA kA prazna hI nahI utthtaa| jainendra ne apanI ahisAtmaka nIti ke kAraNa hI sAmyavAdI raktakrAnti kA niSedha kiyA hai| sarvodaya ___jainendra kI dRSTi me samasta matavAda ahatAmUlaka hai, kyoki unakI dRSTi sImita svArtha taka hI kendrita hai / yadi vyakti kI dRSTi meM apanA yA viziSTa sasthA athavA mata kA hI hita pradhAna na hokara sArI mAnava jAti ke hita kI bhAvanA pradhAna ho to, sArA dvandva aura bheda aikya aura abheda ke sAgara me vilIna

Page #250
jainendra aura vyavita 245 hokara samApta ho jaaygaa| jainendra ke sAhitya me Uca-nIca, garIba-amIra Adi ko zreriyo me na vibhAjita karake kevala vyakti rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra unakI dRSTi me vyakti arthAt 'sarva' ke udaya me hI saccI pragati kA bhAva nihita hai / sarvodaya kA ekamAtra AdhAra prema hai / yadi paraspara prema kA bhAva tathA ahazUnyatA ho to 'para' ke niSedha se utpanna sAre dvandva svata hI samApta ho jAyage / jainendra kI mAnavatAvAdI dRSTi gAdhI ke sarvodaya ke siddhAta se hI prabhAvita pratIta hotI hai / vastuta jainendra ne apane yuga kI rAjanItika, sAmAjika, Arthika Adi paristhitiyo kA citraNa tathA una paristhitiyo me vyakti ke uThate-girate mUlyo, badalate parivezo ko apane Adarza ke dharAtala para vivecita kiyA hai / jainendra ke sAhitya kI viSayavastu bahuta hI vyApaka hai| yadyapi unhone pramukhata vyakti-jIvana kI antaniSTa satyatA ko hI udghATita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, tathApi vyakti ke caturmukhI vikAsa kI hI avahelanA nahI kI hai / unhe samAja kI ve hI vicAradhArAe abhibhUta kara sakI hai, jo vyakti-hita me kendrita hai| isa prakAra unakI sAhityika pratikriyA vyakti ko kendrastha mAnakara dvandvAtmaka sthitiyo se gujaratI huI agrasara hotI hai| jainendra kI dRSTi samasta vAdo se taTastha pratIta hote hue bhI gAdhI kI sarvodaya nIti kI ora jhukI huI hai| prAdhyAtmika mUlyo kI pratiSThA ___ jainendra ke anusAra mAnavamAtra kI pragati kA AdhAra jIvana me AdhyAtmika mUlyo ko pratiSThita karane me hI nihita hai / jainendra ne apanI navInatama kRti 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAnta' me spaSTata svIkAra kiyA hai ki--'bhautika vyavasthA kI AvazyakatA ke nIce AdhyAtmika mUlyo ko apanAne se sattA aura sampatti kA svayaM avamUlyana hogA / ApasI pratispardhA aura ApAdhApI kI vRtti anAvazyaka hokara jharegI, taba mUlya bAhya padArtha se haTakara bhItarI caritra me niSTha hogA aura dekha sakegA ki jo samatA sAmyavAda se aura sAmAjika samAjavAda se lAnI azakyaprAya thI vaha anAyAsa bhItara se uThatI jA rahI hai|" 1 jainendrakumAra . 'samaya, samasyA aura samAdhAna', (aprkaashit)|

Page #251
pariccheda-8 jainendra : paramparA aura prayoga sAhitya me upanyAsa kA mahatva prAdhunika hindI sAhityAkAza me 'upanyAsa-kalA' apanA eka abhUtapUrva sthAna rakhatI hai| yo kavitA, nATaka aura AkhyAna ke dvArA mAnava jIvana kI abhivyakti kA prayatna hotA rahA hai, kintu uname jIvana kI samagratA aura sahajatA kA abhAva thaa| vyakti kA jIvana prema, ghRNA aura sahAnubhUti tathA dveSa Adi se pUrNa hai| usame rAjanIti, samAja, dharma, artha Adi kI sApekSatA me nAnA sagharSamUlaka ghaTanAe ghaTita hotI rahI hai| jIvana me jahA saundarya, AkarSaNa tathA zAnti hai, kurUpatA aura kSudratA tathA azAnti kA bhI sthAna hai| mAnava jIvana ke itane vyApaka pariveza kI samagra abhivyakti ekamAtra upanyAso ke dvArA hI sambhava ho sakatI hai| mAnava jIvana kI yathArthatA kI abhivyakti me upanyAsa jitanI upayukta vidyA hai, utanI sAhitya kI anya koI vidyA nahI hai| upanyAsa kA sAhitya me vahI sthAna hai, jo prAcInakAla me mahAkAvya kA thaa| 'kavitA me zabdo para adhika bala diyA jAtA hai aura usame eka prakAra kI apArthivatA rahatI hai|' upanyAsa hamAre paricita samAja, vyaktiyo aura tathyo kA citraNa karatA hai, tabhI to upanyAsa paDha lene ke uparAnta hama kaha uThate hai-'aisA hI hotA hai|' isa prakAra sAhitya ke anya rUpo kI apekSA upanyAsa me jIvana kI yathArthatA, satyatA, AvazyakatAe, sambhAvanAe aura svatantratA,

Page #252
jainendra paramparA aura prayoga 247 vyaktitva aura mUlyo kA nirUpaNa adhika hotA hai|' upanyAsa sAhitya ko paramparA upanyAsa-sAhitya ke AvirbhAva-kAla se lekara Aja taka kI racanAyo me paristhiti aura AvazyakatAgata anekAneka moDa (parivartana) dRSTigata hote hai| prArambha me upanyAsa aura kahAniyA jAdU, camatkAra Adi vicitratApro se pUrNa hotI thii| kizorIlAla gosvAmI, devakInandana khatrI Adi ne upanyAsa-jagata ko apanI dena se gauravAnvita to avazya kiyA, kintu uname aisI jIvanta zakti nahI thI jo kAla kI sImA ko pAra karatI huI sthAyitva grahaNa kara sktii| uname na to tatkAlIna paristhitiyo kA citraNa hai aura na hI mAnava jIvana kI antazcetanA kI vaha abhivyakti jise sahaja hI svIkAra kiyA jA ske| upanyAsakAra premacanda upanyAsa-kalA kA pUrNa vikasika rUpa hame premacanda ke upanyAso me hI prApta hotA hai / premacanda ke upanyAsa jIvana ke jitane vyApaka pariveza ko apane me sameTe hue hai, utanA kisI anya upanyAsakAra ke dvArA sambhava nahI ho rAkA hai / jIvana kI bahumukhI dhArA unake sAhitya me vividha sroto se pravAhita huI hai| tatkAlIna jIvana kI aisI koI bhI samasyA na thI, jo premacanda kI lekhanI ke dvArA baca nikalI ho / 'ghara aura bAhara' arthAt bhAI-bhAI ke jhagaDe, jamIna aura jAyadAda se lekara, rAjanIti aura samAja kI vividha samasyAe premacanda ke upanyAso kA viSaya bnii| isa prakAra upanyAso dvArA sAhitya meM vividhatA kA samAveza huA usame mAnava jIvana se sAnnidhya sthApita karane kI preraNA udbhUta huii| sAhitya kA parivartanazIla satya jisa prakAra kathA sAhitya kI paramparA me premacanda ke upanyAsa eka navIna kaDI ke rUpa me prApta hue tathA unake dvArA sAhitya-jagata ko eka navIna dRSTi, cetanA aura sphUrti prApta huI, usI prakAra premacandottara sAhitya me jainendra bhI eka navIna cetanA lekara avatarita hue / kAla ananta hai| akhaNDa hai kintu vikAsa athavA pragati kAla kI sApekSatA me hI phalita hotI hai| vividha pravRttiyA apanI viziSTatA ke kAraNa yuga-vizeSa kA pratinidhitva karatI hai aura 1. DA0 lakSmIsAgara vASrNeya * 'bIsavI zatAbdI . hindI sAhitya naye sadarbha' prathama sa0, 1966, ilAhAbAda, pR0 251-252 /

Page #253
248 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana sAhityika jIvana me navInatA kA sacAra karatI hai / kAlAntara me vahI pravRttiyA prAcIna aura paramparAgata samajhI jAne lagatI hai| kAla kI anantatA me hI paramparA aura prayoga kA dvaita samAyA huA hai / mAnava jIvana aura kAla satat parivartanazIla hai / Aja jo hai, vaha kala nahI rahegA / kala hone vAlA parivartana Akasmika na hokara svAbhAvika hI hotA hai| yadi pragati eka sthAna para jaDavata ho jAya, Age kA mArga avaruddha ho jAya to vaha pragati, pragati na hokara avanati hI siddha hogii| ___ muzI premacanda ke upanyAsa sAhitya jagat me apanA goravapUrNa sthAna rakhate hai, kintu premacanda kI mahAnatA ke sAtha kAla kI gati jaDabaddha nahI ho sktii| yadi premacanda ke upanyAso ko hI upanyAsa-sAhitya kA carmotkarSa mAnakara bhAvI upanyAsa-sRjana ke hetu unhe hI kasauTI banAyA jAya to kicit asagati hI pratIta hogii| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki premacanda ne apane upanyAso aura kahAniyo me sama-sAmayikatA se Upara uThakara mAnava jIvana ke sArvabhauma rUpa kI abhivyakti kI hai tathApi premacanda ko hI sAhitya Adarza kI AdhArazilA mAnane se bhAvI sAhitya me dRSTigata parivartana nirarthaka siddha hogA / vastuta kAla kI gati kisI kendra se baddha nahI hai, varan satat pravAhazIla hai / kintu parivartana anivArya aura svAbhAvika hote hue bhI kabhI bhI paramparA se pUrNata vicchinna nahI hotaa| kAla kI anantatA ke mUla me eka zAzvata satya sadaiva vidyamAna rahatA hai, jisase paraparA aura parivartana ke bIca koI eka rekhA nahI khIcI jA sktii| satya kI sarvavyApti ke kAraNa hI kAla kI anviti banI rahatI hai / vastuta navInatA, prAcInatA athavA paramparA ke niSedha kA pratiphala nahI hai| paramparA kI bhUmi para hI navajAgaraNa kI pratikriyA sambhava hotI hai / jainendra paramparA se pragati kA virodha nahI mAnate / isIlie ve pragati me prema rakhate hue bhI paramparA ke prati Adara rakhate hai| unhe vismaya hai una vyaktiyo para jo paramparA ke viccheda se pragati kA prArambha cAhate hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me paramparA se hI jo puSpita aura phalita nahI hotI, vaha pragati nahI hai / jainendra ke anusAra 'paramparA ko vaha nahIM jAnatA, nahI mAnatA jo use atIta se jaDita aura bhAvI se vihIna karatA hai / vastuta paramparA kA vaha prema jo usa pravAha ko rokatA aura bAdhatA hai, gati me anargalatA kA haTha paidA karatA hai| vaha gati nirakuza aura bhogavAdI hotI hai| sAhitya kI viSayavastu aura usake 1 jainendra kumAra 'itastata' pra0 sa0 1962, pR0 sa0 4-5 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'itastata', pR0 sa0 5 /

Page #254
jainendra paramparA aura prayoga 246 prAkAra-prakAra, rUpa-yojanA Adi me AvazyakatAnusAra parivartana hone se sAhitya kI AtmA meM parivartana nahI hotA / sAhitya meM jainendra kA zrAvirbhAva upanyAsa samrATa premacanda ke pranantara jainendra sAhitya - jagata me eka navIna prayoga ke rUpa meM avatarita hue hai / yadyapi jainendra kA uddezya sAhitya me navIna prayoga prastuta karanA nahI rahA hai, aura na hI ve prayoga ke pakSa meM hai, kyoki unakI dRSTi me prayoga ke prayAsa meM lekhaka ke 'graha' athavA grAgraha kI hI puSTi hotI hai, jaba ki jainendra kA sampUrNa sAhitya graha visarjana kI bhAvanA ko lekara hI phalita huA hai / Adarza aura maryAdA ke sImita pariveza me Abaddha vyakti cetanA nisteja aura jaDa ho cale the / bAhya jIvana kI samasyA tathA unake sudhAra me sAhityakAra itane vyasta the ki ananta jagata kI AvAja unase anasunI-sI hI raha gaI / vyakti-pariveza aura paristhitiyo me hI nahI jIvita rahatA, use apanA jIvana rasa zrAtmA se hI prApta hotA hai / vyakti kI vAstavikatA aura usakA sat svarUpa usake anta me hI nihita hotA hai / satya ke bhItara hone ke kAraNa hI hama usa para apane chala kA AvaraNa DAlane me saphala hote hai / kintu satya to vijeya hai / satya ke avadamita rUpa kA kabhI-na-kabhI visphoTa avazyambhAvI hai / premacanda kA sAhitya jIvana ke samatala dharAtala para sahaja gati se bahane vAlI saritA ke sadRza bahatA calA gayA, na usame kabhI tvarA AI aura na hI koI avarodha hI aayaa| usame Antarika dvandva, manasthitiyA tathA vyaktigata jIvana kI satyatA aura vyaktitva ke vidhAyaka tatvo kI prora dRSTipAta nahI kiyA gayA hai| vastuta premacandottara kAla ke sAhitya me Adarza kI bhAva-dhArA yathArtha meM pravAhita hone ke lie mArga DhUr3ha rahI thI / 'kyA honA cAhie' se itara 'kyA hai' ko jAnane kI utkaTa lAlasA sAhityakAro ko bhI pIDita karane lagI thii| aisI hI abhAvajanya sthiti me jainendra kA sAhitya eka navIna dizA ke nirdeza ke rUpa me zravatarita huA / yadyapi premacanda bhI apane jIvana kI antima racanAo me yathArtha jIvana kI pUrNa abhivyakti kI hai, kintu yathArthatA kA pUrNa vapana jainendra ke sAhitya meM hI saMbhava ho sakA hai / premacanda - sAhitya kI vyApaka dhArA simaTa kara eka sakarI dhArA me pravAhita hone lagI / vyApakatA kI pratikriyA ke kAraNa usame saghanatA kA prAdurbhAva huA | jainendra ke sAhitya kI saghanatA hI unhe bAhya jagata se antarjagat kI gaharAI kI ora le gaI / prakRti kA niyama hai ki bAhya jIvana kI samasyAo

Page #255
250 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana se ghabaDAyA huA vyakti ekAnta, nIrava sthala para Atmacintana dvArA vizrAnti prApta karane kI ceSTA karatA hai / jainendra kA sAhitya bhI mAno Atmacintana aura AtmAbhivyakti kA kAla hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me samaSTi se vyaSTi ko pRthaka karake pahacAnane kI ceSTA kI gayI hai tathA puna samaSTi ke pati samarpita hone kA prayAsa dRSTigata hotA hai / jainendra kI sAhityika - saracanA sAhitya - jagata me eka navIna cetanA kA sacAra karatI hai / jainendra ke sAhitya meM navInatA kI carcA karate hue yaha bhrama utpanna ho sakatA hai ki unhone saprayAsa premacanda kI sAhityika - dizA me navInatA lAne kI ceSTA kI hai aura vyavasthita tathA sudhare hue vyakti cintana meM uthala-puthala karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / kintu uparokta dRSTikoNa jainendra ke sAhitya kI saccAI ko nahI vyakta karatA / jainendra ne vicAra aura tarka ke AdhAra para pAramparita vicAradhArA ke mArga ko avaruddha nahI kiyA hai, varan bhAva aura hArdikatA ke sahAre mAnava jIvana kI gutthI ko sulajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / jainendra ke sAhitya kA mukhya svara- -mAnava jIvana kI sahajatA aura satyatA kI abhivyakti me hI mukharita huA hai / nityaprati ke jIvana me vyasta vyakti prasatuSTa, udvigna aura utpIDita hai, kintu vaha nahI jAnatA ki usake asantoSa kA utsa kahA garbhita hai ? vaha paristhiti ke samakSa vivaza - sA banA rahatA hai / pArasparika tanAva, vidroha aura vikSobha ke kAraNa vaha vyakti, vyakti ke madhya eka gaharI khAI utpanna kara detA hai, kintu yaha jAnane kI ceSTA nahI karatA ki aisA kyo hai ? kyo usakI nijatA athavA 'sva' 'para' se vimukha hokara dveSa aura ghRNA kA kAraNa banatI hai ? jainendra ne kastUrI mRga ke sadRza bhramita mAnava ko svakendrita grahatA bodha karAyA, jo samasta dvandvo kA mUlAdhAra banI huI hai / vyakti aura antazcetanA jainendra ke sambandha me sAmAnyata yaha dhAraNA pracalita hai ki unakA sAhitya vyakti pradhAna hai, usame samAja ke sagharSoM aura samasyAo kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / mAnava jIvana meM hone vAlI vividha sAmAjika samasyAo se jainendra ke sAhitya vimukhatA dRSTigata hotI hai / jainendra ke sAhitya ko svarati kA poSaka mAnA jAtA hai / yaha satya hai ki jainendra ne bAhya pariveza se adhika Antarika dvandva ko ubhArane aura usake kAraNo se nidAna pAne kA prayAsa prastuta kiyA hai / jainendra ke anusAra yadi bAhya dvandvakA kAraNa grAhya ho sake to bAhya sthiti se ulajhane kI koI AvazyakatA nahI hai / saccAI tala meM nihita hotI hai, sataha para tala meM sagA - hita kura hI prasphuTita hote hue dekhe jAte hai / jainendra se pUrva ke upanyAsakAra

Page #256
jainendra paramparA aura prayoga 251 bAhya sthitiyo se itane ulajhe hue the ki antarbhUta satya ko jAnane kA unhe avasara hI nahI milA / jainendra ke sAhitya me antazcetanA kI abhivyakti ke prayAsa ko dekhakara unhe vyaktivAdI nahI mAnA jA sakatA / bAda me Agraha kA bhAva samAhita hotA hai / pariccheda cha me jainendra ke vyakti sambandhI vicAro para vicAra karate hue jainendra ko vyaktivAdI mAnA gayA hai, kintu vahA bhI vyaktivAda kA tAtparya kevala vyakti ke hita ko pramukhatA pradAna karanA thA / vyakti ke hita me ananta vyakti mAnava kI nijatA svata hI samAhita ho jAtI hai / jainendra kA lakSya dharma, artha aura rAjanIti ke madhya vyakti ke hita ko pramukhatA denA rahA hai / kintu prastuta pariccheda me jainendra kI vyakti pradhAna dRSTi unakI AtmaniSThA kI ora iMgita karatI hai / isI prAtmaniSThA ke AdhAra para Alocako ne unake sAhitya me sAmAjikatA ke prabhAva kI ora saMketa kiyA hai / isa sambandha me jainendra kA vicAra hai -- ' antazcetanA kA srota antarmukhI hai, kintu usakI abhimukhatA kabhI bhItara hotI hI nahI / vaha sadA hI itara ke sambandha me hotI hai / vaha bahirmukha hone, lokAbhimukha hone ko bAdhya hai / vyaktivAditA kA prazna pratikriyA hai, jo cetanA lokAbhimukha hai, usame parAmukhatA svIkAra kare taba vaha vyaktivAditA banatI hai arthAta indriyA to bahirmukha hotI hI hai / cetanA kA kArya doharA hai -- bAhya kA sparza aura usakA savahan / vastuta sArA jIvana agronmukhI hai / yadi aisA nahI hai to yahI samajhanA cAhie ki kahI avarodha A gayA hai aura usa pravarodha kA prazna cihna pravAha ko kholane se hai / ' vastuta jainendra ke sAhitya me AtmapradhAnatA hote hue bhI 'para' ar frSedha nahI kiyA gayA hai / strI-puruSa sambandho me jo svaratimUlaka bhAva dRSTigata hotA hai, vaha bhI 'para' kI svIkRti me hI ho sakA hai| jainendra isa tathya kA pUrNata khaNDana karate hai ki unhone sAmAjikatA se pare kevala AtmonmukhatA ko hI prazraya diyA hai / pAramparika vicAro se uname jo mukhya bhinnatA ta hotI hai, vaha hai antas kI svIkRti / vyakti bheda ke kAraNa abhivyakti me bhI antara AnA svAbhAvika hI hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me abhivyakta antazcetanA Atmagata satyatA para hI avalambita hai / jainendra ke anusAra yadi bAhya jIvana kA bodha antarmukhI hotA huA puna bAhyonmukha na hotA to vyakti jIvana kA samAja me koI mahatva na rahatA / 'sva' 'para' se vicchinna hokara apanI nijatA arthAt hatA ko hI puSTa karatA hai / kintu jainendra kI mAnyatA hai ki bAhya dRzya yA sthiti AtmA ke sparza se adhikAdhika mahimAmayI bana jAtI hai / sva 1. jainendra se sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para prApta vicAra /

Page #257
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana sArthakatA hI nahI, yadi para kI svIkRti na ho to / sva aura para hI sRSTi ke AdhAra hai / isa prakAra para kI svIkRti dvArA samAja se vimukhatA kA prazna hI nahI uThatA / varan samAja kI ora unmukhatA ko hI prazraya milatA hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me dRSTigata zrAtmaniSThA kA AdhAra manovijJAna hai / jainendra ne apane pAtro ke acetana mana me avasthita granthiyo ko sulajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / vyakti ke prAcaraNa meM jo vikRti aura vaicitrya dRSTigata hotA hai usakA kAraNa usake anta me nihita koI aisI granthi hai jo use sahaja nahI hone detI / jainendra ne manovijJAna ke sahAre vyakti kI anta prakRti kA udghATana kiyA hai / sAmAnyata hama vyakti ke bAhya AcaraNa me utpanna doSa ke kAraNa vyakti vizeSa ko acchA yA burA, doSI yA nirdoSa samajhane lagate hai, kintu yaha jAnane kI ceSTA nahI karate ki aisA kyo hotA hai ? jainendra ne vyAvahArika manovijJAna ke dvArA AcaraNa ke utsa ko jAnane kI ceSTA kI hai / isalie ve kArya se adhika kAraNa para bala dete hai / 'sukhadA', 'vivarta' aura 'sunItA' me 'sukhadA, jitena aura hariprasanna ke mana me eka gaharA antardvandva hai, jisake kAraNa ve sAmAnya kArya karate hai aura ve yaha nahI samajha pAte ki unake AcaraNa me Ane vAlI vicitratA aura dhvasAtmakatA kA kyA kAraNa hai ? kintu satya spaSTa hai ki vidroha aura krAnti kA kAraNa Antarika prabhAva aura pArasparika dUrI hI hai / isalie jainendra apane pAtro dvArA hone vAlI bAhya ceSTAo, toDa-phoDa me koI sAra nahI dekhate, kyoki satya to kArya ke kAraNa satya kI svI 252 samAhita hotA hai / vastuta jenendra ke anusAra yadi kAraNa kRti ho jAya to kArya kI pratikriyA kA prazna hI nahI uThatA / jainendra sudhAravAdI nahI jainendra AtmaniSTha lekhaka hai / vyakti kI Atarika sthiti hI bAhya dvandva athavA samasyA kA kAraNa hai / isalie upara se sudhAra kA prazna vyartha hai / jainendra svaya ko sudhAravAdI nahI mAnate / ' jainendra se pUre sAhitya kI mahattA kA mUlAdhAra unakI sudhAravAdI pravRtti me hI antarbhUta thA, kintu jainendra kA vizvAsa hai ki jo sAmAjika mAnyatA prakRtigata satya ko svIkAra karane ke lie nahI banI hai, vaha adhika dina nahI cala sakatI / sudhAra samaya sApekSa hotA hai / prAja . 'satya ko svIkAra karake Aja kI mAnyatAo ko usase jor3a de to vaha mAnya ho jAyagA, isalie mai sudhAravAdI nahI hU / ' ( sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para prApta )

Page #258
jainendra paramparA aura prayoga 253 eka samasyA utpanna hotI hai aura usame sudhAra kI AvazyakatA kA anubhava hotA hai / aisI samasyAo ko lekara likhA gayA sAhitya kArya- vizeSa me hI jItA hai aura apanA prabhAva DAlatA hai, kintu sImita kAla ke anantara usakA mahatva samApta ho jAtA hai aura vaha bAsI puSpa ke sadRza prabhAvotpAdaka pratIta hotA hai / jainendra ke anusAra sudhAra kI pravRtti sama-sAmayikatA ko lekara hI hotI hai / unakI dRSTi me sudhAra to sadaiva bAhya sthitiyo kA hI hotA hai / usame jitanA bhI UparI pariveza hai, usame kitanA bhI sudhAra ho, hamezA aparyApta rahegA / unakI dRSTi me vRkSa yadi sUkhatA hai to usake Uce se hariyAlI lAne se kyA lAbha ? Antarika rasa se hI usame sacce rUpa me hariyAlI A sakatI hai / UparI AkAra (phArma) me idhara-udhara se parivartana Ane se samasyA kA samAdhAna sambhava nahI ho sakatA / vastuta Aja sAhitya ke lie zrAvazyaka hai -- cetanA kA ubhAra aura saskAra / jainendra ke anusAra sAhitya kA dhyAna usI para kendrita honA cAhie | sAmAjika rIti-nIti para aTakane se samasyA kA sahI nidAna nahI prApta hotA hai / jo Upara se dikhatA hai vaha kSaNika tathA nazvara hai, usame sthAyitva kI kSamatA nahI hotI, ataeva sAhitya aura jIvana ke svAsthya ke lie Avazyaka hai prema kI svIkRti / jo mAnyatAe rUDha aura jaDa ho gaI hai, uname nizcaya hI jIvana kA rasa pravAha ruka gayA hai / Aja sAhitya kI AvazyakatA, jIvana me rasa ke prAdurbhAva aura sacAra me hI pUrNa ho sakatI hai / vastuta: jainendra kI dRSTi apane pUrvavartI sAhityakAro se pUrNata bhinna hai / ve kisI bhI sthiti ko AtmatA se nirapekSa rahakara svIkAra karane meM asamartha hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki inake sAhitya me, vidhavA vivAha, vezyAvRti unmUlana Adi kisI bhI samasyA ke sudhAra kA bIDA nahI uThAyA gayA hai / 'parakha' me bAla vidhavA kaTTo ke prati lekhaka me pUrI sahAnubhUti hai, kintu ve cAhate hue bhI vidhavA-vivAha ko sAmAjika stara para sampanna hote hue nahI dikhA sake hai aura na hI isa sambandha me sudhAra ke hetu unhone koI sudRDha kadama hI uThAyA hai / unakA vizvAsa hai ki sudhAra Upara se thopI huI vastu hai / yadi sudhAra kI dRSTi anta prasUta ho to usame dabAva ke sthAna para svecchA aura sahajatA kA prAdurbhAva 1. 'Aja AvazyakatA ke dabAva meM Akara hama rASTrIya racanA mAga sakate hai aura usakI abhyarthanA kara sakate hai / lekina kAma nikalane para vahI hamAre lie bhUla jAne lAyaka padArtha bana sakatA hai / jisakA aisA bhAgya ho, use sAhitya nahI kahate / ' -- jainendrakumAra 'jainendra kI kahAniyA,' bhAga 6 ( bhUmikA se ) /

Page #259
254 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana hogA / isa prakAra kisI samasyA kI pratikriyA kI sthiti nahI utpanna hogI aura samAja me hArdikatA kA sanniveza hogA / premacanda ne sudhAra para bala diyA thA, antazcetanA para nahI / kintu eka ke sudhAra se dUsare kI samasyA kA samAdhAna nahI hotA / eka samasyA dUsare sthAna para apanA mArga khojatI hai aura sudhAra kI antima sthiti kI sambhAvanA kahI bhI nahI kI jA sakatI / kintu jainendra kA vizvAsa hai ki yadi sudhAra 'mUla' (rUTa kAja ) me ho to UparI rUpAkAra para aTakane kI AvazyakatA nahI hogI / jainendra ne samAja kI kurItiyo aura rUDhiyo me sudhAra na karane ke sAtha hI sAmAjika, rAjanItika aura Arthika sthitiyo me sudhAra ke prazna ko nirAdhAra siddha kiyA hai / jainendra kI dRDha mAnyatA hai ki prema kI svIkRti me zoSaka aura zoSita kI samasyA kabhI bhI utpanna nahI ho sakatI / unake anusAra jisame pIDAtmaka prema hogA, vaha zoSaka aura dhanADhya banegA hI nahI / dUsare ke zoSaNa me apanA poSaNa hotA hai / apanA poSaNa apane Apa me koI sArthakatA nahI rakhatA / ataeva zoSaNa ko samApta karane ke lie zoSaNa kI jaDa ko hI samApta kara denA hogA / vastuta zoSaNa ko samApta karane se adhika, jahA se zoSaNa kI vRtti nikalatI hai, use rokanA hI saccI sAmAjikatA hai| jainendra ke anusAra saccI sAmAjika cetanA, mAnava savedanA se pRthaka ho hI nahI sakatI / mAnavasavedanA hI mAnava jIvana kA parama sAdhya hai| kAnUna aura niyama ke AdhAra para aft sAmAjikatA me hArdikatA kA abhAva rahatA hai / jainendra ke sampUrNa sAhitya hI mAnava vedanA kA svara mukharita hotA huA dRSTigata hotA hai / unhone 'sva' 'para' kI samasyA ko hI samasta dvandvo kA AdhAra mAnA hai / jaba taka svArthaniSTha hai, taba taka samAja kA kalyANa sambhava nahI ho sakatA / yadi 'sva' me 'para' ke prati parasparatA athavA prema kI bhAvanA kA samAveza ho jAya to vidroha kI sthiti hI nahI utpanna hogI / deza hI nahI, vizva me vyApta sAre sagharSoM kA mUla kAraNa svArtha arthAt 'para' kA niSedha hai / para ke satkAra me satya kI svIkRti hotI hai, isalie sAre vikAra satya me samAhita hokara svata hI nirmala ho jAte hai / jainendra ne strI-puruSa ke jIvana me 'sva' 'para' kI sArthakatA se lekara rASTra ke hita me bhI 'sva' aura 'para' kI bhAvanA ko hI AdhAra banAyA hai / mAnava jIvana kI virAT bhUmi unake sAhitya me simaTa kara samA gaI hai, antara yahI hai ki unheM ghaTanAo kA jAla nahI phailAnA paDA, kyoki vividhatAo kA mUla eka hI rahA hai / jIvana kI vyApti ko sImita pariveza me lene ke kAraNa usame prabhAvotpAdakatA utpanna ho gaI hai / yahI vaha mApadaNDa hai, jisame ve vyakti ke sAtha samAja ko bhI

Page #260
jainendra paramparA aura prayoga 255 svIkAra karate hue agronmukhI hue hai| ataeva yaha kahanA ki jainendra ke vyakti samAja ke sAtha jUjhate nahI hai, ucita nahI pratIta hotA hai / sAhitya * kalyANamaya sudhAravAdI lekhaka ke samakSa sAhitya kI upayogitA kI dRSTi pradhAna hotI hai| upayogitA ko lakSya banAne meM vyakti kA ahabhAva pradarzita hotA hai| kintu saccA mAhitya aha ke visarjana me se hI prApta ho sakatA hai| vastuta upayogitA ko dRSTi me rakhakara jo sAhitya-sRjana hogA, vaha uttama sAhitya nahI mAnA jAyagA / upayogI hone me sAhitya kI AtmA athavA rasAnubhUti kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| isIlie sAhitya kA svarUpa zivamaya athavA kalyANamaya hotA hai / kalyANakArI honA nahIM hai / zivamayatA hI sAhitya kI satyatA hai / sAhitya bhAvamaya hotA hai| usame kartRtva kA bhAva nahI rahatA / ataeva jisako vicAra vyakta kahe, vaha sAhitya kA Adarza nahI ho sakatA / sAhitya kA Adarza vahI ho sakatA hai jo vividha vRtti ke vyaktiyo ke lie samAna ho ske| sAhityagata vibhinna vAda upayogitAvAda ko hI AdhAra banAkara likhe gae hai| pragativAdI sAhitya sAmAjika viSamatAo aura dAridraya ko dUra karane ke prayatna meM hI racita hai / mArksavAdI vicAraka, sAhitya dvArA Arthika viSamatA ko dUra karane ke hetu prayatnazIla rahe hai / vibhinna vAda-prativAda apane pakSa kA samarthana karate hai kintu sAhitya kA satya vAda-vivAda ke dvandva me parivartita nahI hotA / sAhitya kA Adarza vahI ho sakatA hai jo sArvabhauma aura sarvakAlIna ho| isa prakAra 'sva-para' dono dRSTiyo se sAhitya ke svarUpa me koI antara nahI dRSTigata hotaa| prAtmapekSI bhASA me vahI AtmalAbha hai aura vastupekSI bhASA meM prema-lAbha / ' premAspada hamase bhinna hokara vastulakSI ho jAtA hai kintu Atma aura vastu, 'sva' aura 'para' ke hita me antara nahI pratIta hotaa| ___ jainendra ke anusAra jIvana kA artha sImA kA asvIkAra nahI hai| sAre prayojana sImA ke sAtha hai, lekina AsthA asIma kI ora calatI hai aura vahI mUla pUjI hai / sAhitya kA prayojana tatkAlInatA me athavA sama-sAmayikatA me paribaddha honA nahI hai| sAmayikatA kA sparza karate hue usakI gati kAla ke pAra honI cAhie, jahA samasta vibhaktatAe eka satya me samAhita ho jAtI hai| kintu jainendra ke anusAra- 'jaba hama prayojana ko hI apane-Apa me poSanA aura 1 jainendra se sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para prApta vicAra /

Page #261
256 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana pAlanA cAhate hai to vaha dUsare athavA dUsare ke prayojana ke Takkara me A jAtA hai|" isa prakAra sAhitya me rAga-dveSa kI bhAvanA panapane lagatI hai| kintu sAhitya kA lakSya prema kI pUjI ko dhanIbhUta karanA hai / jainendra kA sAhitya sthUla se sUkSma kI ora eka pratikriyA hai / AtmaniSTha satya, unake sampUrNa sAhitya me yahI svara mukhya rUpa se mukharita huA hai / vastuta jainendra ke sAhitya kA satya usakI upayogitA athavA samAja ke sudhAra meM nihita hokara vyakti kI AtmA me antarbhUta hai| jainendra ne viSaya ke kSetra me hI nahI, varan TekanIka ke kSetra me bhI sAhitya-jagata me bhI sahajatA kA sUtrapAta kiyA hai| sAhitya aura samAja jainendra kI dRSTi me lekhaka kA kartavya samAja ke eka rukha ke sAtha calanA nahI hai| samAja ke sAtha calane vAlA lekhaka samAja kI maryAdA ke dabAva me jIvana kI satyatA kA udghATana karane meM asamartha hotA hai| dabAva meM Akara sAhitya-sRjana kI prakriyA satya-asatya kA nirNaya karane meM asamartha hotI hai| isIlie jainendra samAja ke rukha se adhika usake roga kI ora dekhanA adhika upayukta samajhate hai| jainendra samAja kI paramparAgata lakIra pITane me svaya ko asamartha pAte hai| unakI dRSTi me yaha Avazyaka nahI ki pratyeka racanA sAmAjika dRSTi se svIkRta ho hii| kintu jainendra samAja kI svIkRti kI cintA meM apane AdarzoM se vicalita nahI hote / jisa samaya jainendra ne sAhitya-jagata me padArpaNa kiyA, usI samaya unhe lekara bahuta TIkA-TippaNI huii| kitu unhone apanI AlocanA se ghabaDAkara samAja ke samakSa ghuTane TekanA Avazyaka nahI smjhaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki ve antata apane vaicArika satya kA anugamana karate rahe hai| vastuta jainendra ke anusAra--'sAhitya patha-nirdeza yadi karatA hai to irAde se nahI patha prakAzita karatA hai| sAhitya usa srota kA udghATana karatA hai, jise prakAza kA mUla kahanA caahie| agara usase jIvana ke satya ko spaSTatA prApta hotI hai aura jagata kI pahelI bhI spaSTa-sI lagatI hai to yaha pariNAma kahA se anAyAsa prApta hote hai, sAhitya kA apanA abhipreta nahI hai, vaha to mAtra satya zodha yA AtmAvagAhana hai / 2 jainendra samAja ke sAtha-sAtha calane ke pakSa me nahI hai / isIlie unake sAhitya me vartamAna se Upara uThane kI ceSTA lakSita hotI hai / samaya se badha kara sAhitya 1 jainendrakumAra jainendra kI kahAniyA~', bhAga 6, pR0 sa0 13 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAnta' /

Page #262
jainendra paramparA aura prayoga 257 kA svarUpa cirasthAyI nahI ho paataa| ataeva sAhitya ke lie kAlAtIta honA Avazyaka hai| unakI dRSTi meM zeSa sAhitya vahI hai jo kAla ko jItatA huA TikA raha jAtA hai| sAhitya me eka kA ekatva vilIna hokara sarvatva me samA jAtA hai| isa prakAra sAhitya viziSTa vyakti aura sthiti kA pratinidhi na hokara sarvakAla kA ho jAtA hai / jahA sAhitya tatkAla kI yathArthatA se Age nahI jA pAtA, vahA sAhitya apane sthAyitva kI kSamatA ko kho baiThatA hai| sAhitya kA lAbha hI yaha hai ki vaha tatkAla ko aura yathArtha ko bhAvI sambhAvanApro kI dizA me AkarSita karatA hai aura jIvana ko mArgadarzana detA hai / yaha samajhanA ki sAhitya mAtra sAmAjika yathArtha kA darpaNa hai, jainendra ko mAnya nahIM hai| hajAro varSoM ke bAda Aja bhI yadi zAstra hamAre lie jIvita hai to yahI kAraNa hai ki kathA ke sAtha hI usame jIvana, dharma aura jIvana karma ko udghATita karane kI kSamatA vidyamAna hai / isIlie sAhitya vaha tatva bana pAtA hai, jo kAla kI vibhaktatA ko apane bhAva se bhara detA hai tathA hamame cirantana, zAzvata satya ko jAgrata karatA hai| jainendra ke sAhitya ke sambandha me isIlie asAmAjikatA kA AropaNa kiyA jAtA hai| kintu jise hama sAmAnyata asAmAjikatA samajhate hai, vaha jainendra ke kAlAtIta vicAro kA dyotaka hai / sAhitya me kucha azo me atireka bhI svIkArya ho sakatA hai / ravIndranAtha Taigora ne bhI yathArtha satya kI abhivyakti ke hetu sAhitya me atizayokti ko Avazyaka mAnA hai / yathArtha ke satya ko yathAtathya rUpa me grahaNa karane se usakI abhivyakti me bhAvo kI prabhAvotpAdakatA utanI adhika nahI ho jAtI, jitanI ki atizyokti ke AdhAra para hotI hai| sAhitya aura TaikanIka ___ bhAva ke anukUla hI jainendra ne bhAvAbhivyakti bhI kI hai| jisa prakAra viSaya kAla kI sImA me parimita nahI hai, usI prakAra unakI abhivyakti kI kSamatA bhI naye-purAne ke bandhana se pUrNata unmukta kevala abhivyakti hI hai / unakI dRSTi me bhAva na kabhI naye banate hai aura na purAne hote hai / bananA kevala AkAra kA hI hotA hai| kintu AkAra kI bhI sImA hai / lekhaka ke lie yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki kahI bhAva kalA itanI pramukha na ho jAya ki bhAva daba jaae| 1 jainendra se sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para prApta vicAra / 2 ravIndranAtha Taigora : 'sAhitya', pR0 22 /

Page #263
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana pIlI prakRti ke bhItara sAhitya-sRjana karane se AkRti pradhAna ho jAtI hai aura sRjana kArya gauraNa ho jAtA hai / jainendra ke anusAra AtmA sUkSma hai / vaha antarniSTha hai / zarIra ke DhAce se AtmA kA koI sambandha nahI hai / zarIra to kevala AtmAbhivyakti kA sAdhana hai / jainendra ke sAhitya kA adhyayana karane se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki unhone upanyAsa athavA kahAnI kI kalA se adhika usake satya para bala diyA hai / unakA vizvAsa hai ki kahAnI kalA ke jJAna ke prabhAva me bhI mahAnatama kRti kI racanA sambhava ho sakatI hai / jainendra ke anusAra 'kyA koI zizu aisA ho sakatA hai, jisake bhItara vaha jaTila yantra na ho, jise mAnava yaSTi kahate hai ? lekina eka abodhA bhI mAtA bana jAtI hai aura use usa jaTilatA kA kucha patA nahI hotA / jisakA niSpanna rUpa usakA zizu hai / " vastuta jainendra ke anusAra jisa prakAra zarIra ke yantra kA sampUrNa jJAna hone para bhI koI vaijJAnika zizu kI sRSTi nahI kara sakatA, usI prakAra sAhitya kI TaikanIka ko jAnane se hI sAhitya-sRjana sambhava nahI ho sakatA / jainendra kI dRSTi me sAhitya ke sRjana ke lie zrAvazyaka hai Atmabodha athavA pIDA / pIDA ke rasa se huA vyakti hI saccA sAhityakAra bana sakatA hai / jainendra ke sAhitya kA utsa unakI pIDA me hI samAyA hai, isIlie unake pAtro ke jIvana me AtmapIDana kA bhAva adhika dRSTigata hotA hai / 258 Adhunika sAhitya me viSaya se adhika AkAra ko pradhAnatA dI jAtI hai / nayA - purAnA sAhitya paramparAgata sAhitya se atirikta koI nitAta navIna sthiti athavA svarUpa nahI hai / nayA kucha paidA nahI hotA aura purAnA tyAjya nahI hotA, zarta yaha hai ki jo svIkRta ho vaha kAla kI vibhaktatA se pare ho tathA usame upayogitA se adhika satyatA kA samAveza ho / jainendra ke anusAra naye purAne zabda kI sArthakatA eka sthiti taka hI lAgU ho sakatI hai / usake Age usakI sArthakatA nahI hai / ve UparI hai tathA rUpa sajjA kI apekSA se hai / jainendra ke anusAra Arambha se hI nAnA vAdo ke dvArA vividha bhAvo kA pratinidhitva hotA rahA hai, kintu Adhunika kAla me jhagaDA pravRtti ke zabda para hI aTaka gayA hai, 'nayApana' athavA purAnApana / nayepana ke joza ne sAhityakAro ko purAne sAhitya ke prati prasthAzUnya banA diyA hai| jainendra naye-purAne ke bheda ko samane me svayaM ko asamartha pAte hai / unakI dRSTi se to Ane vAlA hara kSaNa hI navIna hai aura bItA huA hara kSaNa purAnA hai / kSaNa ke purAne aura naye hone se sAhitya kI akhaNDatA me koI parivartana nahI hotA / kintu prAjakala nayepana 1 jainendrakumAra 'jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 8, pR0 sa0 26 ( bhUmikA se ) /

Page #264
jainendra paramparA aura prayoga 256 dvArA adbhuta kI sRSTi kI jA rahI hai| jainendra ke anusAra adbhuta ke prati utsukatA sadA rahI hai aura rahegI / adbhuta kA nayApana jyAdA TikAU hai| tIna TAga kA prAdamI Aja yadi paidA ho, to kyA vaha jaldI purAnA paDa jAyagA...?' jainendra ke anusAra navInatA kA yaha prema sanAtana satya ko abhivyakta karane me asamartha hai| nayApana tabhI svAbhAvika ho sakatA hai, jaba vaha anta prasUta ho| kevala rUpakAra me navInatA lAne kA prayatna TikAU nahI hotaa| vaha kevala phaizana kA dyotaka hai| jainendra kahAnI-lekhana ko koI aisI sAdhanA nahI mAnate jisake lie abhyAsa karanA pdde| kahAnI ko akahAnI kahakara usame navInatA kA bodha karAnA asvAbhAvika hai| unakI dRSTi me kahAnI kI vidyA kA kSetra kitanA vyApaka hai ki usame kahAnI aura akahAnI sabhI samA jAtI hai| ___ jainendra ne apanI kahAniyo ke sambandha me spaSTata svIkAra kiyA hai ki ve kahAnI-lekhana kI kisI paripATI se badhe na rahane ke kAraNa unakI pratyeka kahAnI svaya me sahaja hI navIna bana gayI hai / 'eka kahAnI dUsarI jaisI nahI bnii| saba apane-Apa me svatantra aura bhinna banatI calI gayI hai| vastuta jainendra kisI paripATI se pRthak sahajAbhivyakti ko hI apanI kalA kA iSTa mAnate hai / 'unakI dRSTi me' hara vyakti ko sAhitya ke kSetra me himmata honI cAhie ki vaha apanI kalama ke sAtha akelA khaDA ho, gola yA jhuNDa bAdhakara jIne kI Adima Adata ko cunautI detA rhe| vastuta jainendra kA sAhitya kalA ke bojha se dabA na hote hue bhI bhAvagarimA kI dRSTi se utkRSTa hai| jainendra ko hama kabIra ke stara me rakhakara adhika spaSTatA se samajha sakate hai / kabIra kI bhASA sadhukkaDI hote hue bhI prabhAva kI dRSTi se avismaraNIya hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me bhI prabhAva kI garimA spaSTata dRSTigata hotI he / abhivyakti me sahajatA lAne ke lie yatra-tatra unakI abhivyakti racanAyo me citramayatA spaSTarUpa se lakSita hotI hai / TUTe-phUTe zabdo ke mAdhyama se bhI bhAva-bhagimA pUrNata spaSTa ho jAtI hai| kabhI-kabhI lekhaka kA eka hI vAkya anta' aura bAhya prakRti ke dvandva ko vyakta karane meM sakSama 1 jainendrakumAra . 'itastata.', pR0 133 / 2 jainendrakumAra . 'kahAnI . anubhava aura zilpa', 1967, pra0 sa0, dillI / 3. 'vaha kSaNa bhara mujhe dekhatI sI dekhatI raha gayI, mAno biMdhI hiriNI ho| bidha kara hI bAdhina bana uThI hUM, lekina hU~ prakRta hiriNI hii|

Page #265
260 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana hotA hai, yathA--'kalyANI' me eka karuNa muskarAhaTa ke bhAva se unakA ceharA pIlA paDa gayA / uparokta karuNa muskarAhaTa se kalyANI ke antas kI pIDA ora dvandva sahaja hI mukharita ho uThatA hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me manovijJAna ke prabhAva ke kAraNa vastutA se adhika anta prakRti para bala diyA gayA hai| ____ jainendra se pUrva ke upanyAsakAro ne manovijJAna kI AvazyakatA kA anubhava nahI kiyA / jainendra ne manovijJAna ke zAstrIya rUpa kA anugamana na karake vyAvahArika rUpa ko hI apanAyA hai / manovijJAna ke prabhAva ke kAraNa lekhaka kI abhivyakti ke rUpa me bhI antara dikhAyI denA svAbhAvika hI hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me viSaya-vistAra aura pAtro kI sakhyA kA abhAva hai / eka kSaNa kI anubhUti bhI kahAnI kA viSaya bana jAtI hai| vyakti-vizeSa ke jIvana kI ghaTanA bhI upanyAsa kA viSaya banatI hai / jainendra ko upanyAsa-racanA ke lie pIDhIdara-pIDhI sambandha DhUDhane kI AvazyakatA nahI huI / unakI kahAnI tathA upanyAso me bikharAva se adhika saghanatA hai / pAtra bhI bhAvAbhivyakti me vistAra se adhika saketa se kAma calA lete hai / premacanda ke upanyAso me pAtro kI sakhyA itanI adhika hotI hai ki uname bahuta se caritra apane utkaSa para pahuMce binA bIca me hI samApta ho jAte hai| kathA kA anta dikhAne me lekhaka ke samakSa kaThinAI upasthita hotI hai, kintu jainendra ke sAhitya me aisI sthiti nahI hai| unake upanyAso me pAtro kI bhIDa dekhane ko nahIM miltii| manovaijJAnika lekhaka ke lie aisA sambhava bhI nahI ho sktaa| yahI kAraNa he ki jainendra ke sAhitya me antardvandva pradhAna hai| ___ jainendra ke pAtro kA vyaktitva sadaiva sambhAvya hotA hai| unake sambandha me pUrNa nirNaya nahI prastuta kiyA jA sakatA / ve eka aisI anabUjha pahelI hai, jinhe samajhanA muTThI me bAdhanA hai| unake jIvana ke sambandha me ananta sambhAvanAe hai| ve pUrva nizcita mArga para calane ke lie bAdhya nahI hai, varan parivartanazIla jIvana ke satyo aura bhAvI jIvana kI sambhAvanAo kI ora utsukatA banAe rahate hai| premacanda ne jisa pAtra ko prArambha me jisa stara kA gaDha diyA hai, vaha antata usI stara kA banA rhegaa| Adarza samajhA jAne vAlA pAtra atata kabhI bhI koI truTi nahI krtaa| jainendra ke pAtra isa kRtrimatA se vacita hai| jainendra premacanda ke sAnnidhya me rahate hue bhI unakI paripATI kA anusaraNa nahI kara sake hai| jainendra ke anusAra premacanda apane pAtro ke caritra kI sakSipta rUpa-rekhA pahale se hI apanI DAyarI me likha lete the, yathA . 'damayantI sAdhAraNa sundara / zIla kA garva rakhatI hai| kama para teja bolane vAlI hai| vAtsalyamayI

Page #266
jainendra paramparA aura prayoga 261 para IrSyAlu ityAdi / isase spaSTa hotA hai ki premacanda ke pAtra eka nizcita rUpAkAra me Dhalakara hI vikasita hote hai / unake pAtro ke sambandha me saba kucha spaSTa hotA hai / isIlie unakA caritra samajhane meM kaThinAI bhI nahI hotii| ve relagADI ke saha apanI paTarI se idhara-udhara nahI jAte, kyoki uname jokhima uThAne kA sAhasa nahI hai| jabaki jainendra ke pAtro kA vyaktitva saspesa kI sthiti meM pAThaka ko bharamAtA rahatA hai / unakI adhikAzata sabhI racanAo me pAtro kI yahI prakRti hai / 'tyAgapatra' kI mRNAla ho athavA 'kalyANI' me kalyANI ke sambandha, hamAre mana me sadaiva eka gahare sazaya kI sthiti banI rahatI hai / sIdhI-sAdI mRNAla ke sambandha me bhalA yaha kalpanA kI jA sakatI thI ki vaha koyale vAle kI gandI koTharI me jAkara rahegI aura phira vahA bhI na ruka sakegI / kalyANI ke vyaktitva me kahI bhI ThaharAva nahI hai / vaha kabhI kucha kahatI hai aura kabhI kucha | kabhI lekhikA banatI hai, kabhI gRhiNI aura kabhI krAnI / ina saba se pare usakA antardvandva bAhya jIvana ko udvelita kie rahatA hai / usake vyaktitva kA rahasya usake bAhya jIvana se prApta nahI ho sakatA / bAhya sthiti to hame eka ulajhana me DAla detI hai / hama kevala 'dhe kA bheda', va 'gavAra', 'kaha pathA' Adi kahAniyo meM hama satya kA rahasya jAnane ke lie pratipala utsuka rahate hai| yaha utsukatA hI jainendra ke sAhitya kA prANa he / yadi jijJAsA samApta ho jAya to sAhitya jIvana-zakti zUnya pratIta hogA / lekhaka pAtro ke sAtha hI pAThaka ko bhI makaDI ke jAle ke sadRza apane meM hI ulajhAye rahatA hai / jainendra kI sabase baDI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unake pAtra pAThaka ko sambhAvanA ke viparIta kyo na jAye, kintu ve pAThaka kI savedanA se vacita nahI ho pAte / kauna aisA vyakti hogA, jise ' tyAgapatra' kI mRNAla ko apanI hArdikatA arpita karane me sakoca ho athavA kalyANI ke vikSobha aura pIDA para kisakA mana bhujhalAhaTa ke sAtha hI sAhanubhUti se na bhara uThegA / jainendra kI racanAo kI sabase baDI samasyA hai, usakA samajha meM na AnA / unakI kucha racanAo ko choDakara adhikAzata sabhI ke sAtha hame kaThina sAdhanA karanI paDatI hai / 'kalyANI' jaise zreSTha upanyAsa kA rasAsvAdana karane ke lie use eka bAra paDhanA hI paryApta nahI hai / kyoki jainendra ne pAtro ke jIvana me itane gaipa dikhAe hai ki unhe bhalI prakAra samajhe binA unake vyaktitva ko samajhanA dUbhara hai / ataeva unakI racanAo ko paDhate samaya pAThaka ko bahuta 1. jainendrakumAra 'kahAnI anubhava aura zilpa, pR0 sa0 38 /

Page #267
262 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana sajaga rahanA par3atA hai| unake pAtro ke sAtha hI pAThaka ko bhI bhAganA paDatA hai| eka pakti kA bhI sAtha chUTA ki basa gaDabaDa huI / isa prakAra unakI racanA ke pratyeka zabda para dhyAna denA Avazyaka hai| unake sAhitya me yatra tatra prayukta rikta sthAno ( ) kA bahuta hI mahatva hai| 'kalyANI' me aise uddharaNa bahuta milate hai / ina abhAvo ke kAraNa hI jainendra ke sAhitya me hama kevala sambhAvanA para hI calate hai| jainendra ke upanyAso me ghaTanAe to adhika nahI he ki unake pAtro ke sahAre vyaktitva kI gutthI sulajha sake / ataeva anubhUtigata sUkSmatA eva vicAra-tatva ko grahaNa karane ke lie unake sAhitya ke adRzya sUkSma satya ko jAnanA Avazyaka hai / jainendra ke anusAra kahAnI kA satya ghaTanA me nizrita hotA hai / ata use ghaTanAo me hI DhUDhanA paDatA hai, zabdo me nahI / 'kalyANI ke vyaktitva kI sArI samasyA taba sahaja hI spaSTa ho jAtI hai, jaba ki usakI samasta kriyAoM ke preraka anta mana me hama praveza karate hai| vaha prema ke abhAva me karttavya karate hue bhI vikSipta-sI rahatI hai, jisake kAraNa usake jIvana meM santulana aura vyavasthA kA abhAva rahatA hai| isI prakAra 'gadara ke bAda', va, 'gavAra', 'pAna vAlA' Adi kahAniyo me satya kI pakaDa ke abhAva me kahAnI ke sAtha AtmasAt honA kaThina ho jAtA hai| jainendra ke anusAra mAnava jIvana kA anta sadaiva sambhAvya hai, nizcita nahI hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki ve apane pAtro ke jIvana kI antima pariNati nahI dikhAte / isa prakAra ve apanI racanAyo kI pUrNatA me bhI apUrNatA kA saketa dete hai / 'jAnane ko zeSa banA hI rahatA hai' yahI unake jIvana-darzana kA pramukha Adarza hai| vyakti jAnane ke lie prayatnazIla hai| kintu sRSTi kA sArA-kA-sArA rahasya vaha nahI jAna sakatA, kyoki vaha svaya apUrNa hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me pAtro ke jIvana ko adhikAdhika sAketika rekhAyo ke dvArA hI vyakta kiyA gayA hai| kahI-kahI to antarkathAo kA eka-do zabdo meM saketa bhara kara diyA gayA hai, yathA-'kalyANI' me kalyANI apane vivAha se pUrva jIvana kA vRtAnta batAtI hai, para vistAra se nahI, usame sakSiptatA me rahasya banA hI rahatA hai / pAThaka ke mana kI jijJAsA aura bhI tIvra ho uThatI hai / eka sthala para katyANI kahatI hai- 'khaira, vivAha huA * vaha bhI eka kahAnI hai para choDie / ' aura vaha turanta viSaya badalatI huI kahane lagatI hai --- 'vivAha se strI patnI banatI hai ' isa prakAra vaha yaha nahI spaSTa karatI ki usake vivAha se sambandhita kahAnI kyA hai ? aisI sthitiyA jainendra kI racanAyo me bahuta adhika milatI hai / vastuta jainendra kI kahAniyo aura upanyAso me

Page #268
jainendra paramparA ora prayAga pratyeka vyakti apane zAva ko pItA huA calA jAtA hai, kisI para apane bhAva uDelatA nahI, bikheratA nahI / ' rahasyamayatA jainendra ke upanyAsa aura kahAniyo kI eka bar3I vizeSatA, usame nihita guhyatA aura rahasyamayatA hai / jainendra ke pAtro kA jIvana aisI bhUla-bhulaiyA hai jisame bhaTakane kA bhaya sadA hI banA rahatA hai| usame ghaTanAo dvArA eka-kebAda dUsare satya kA udghATana isa prakAra hotA hai ki hama kSaNa bhara ke lie stambhita raha jAte hai / racanA kA prArambha hI kucha aise Dhaga se hotA hai ki kahAnI kI bhAvI ghaTanA kA kucha AbhAsa hI nahI milatA / usa dRSTi se 'adhe kA bheda' tathA 'pAna vAlA' kahAnI apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhatI hai| eka sAmAnya andhe bhikhArI kI kathA hame kahA se kahA le jAegI, isakA hama prArambha me anumAna bhI nahI lagA sakate / rahasya ke khulate hI adhA bhikhArI hamArI raSTi me itanA UcA uTha jAtA hai ki hama usakI kalpanA bhI nahI kara sakate / unI bhAti Akho me suramA DAle chabIle pAna vAle kA kyA itihAsa ho sakatA hai tathA bAhya sAja-sajjA aura cacalatA ke pIche eka gahana pIDA me vaha karAha rahA hai, isakA hama anumAna hI nahI kara sakate / vaha kautUhala utpanna karane vAlA vyavita anta me barabasa hamArI sahAnubhUti kA pAtra bana jAtA hai / vastuta hama isa nizkarSa para pahucate hai ki jainendra ghaTanAo me hI nahI, varan pAtro ke vyaktitva kI bhI rahasyamaya sRSTi karane me dakSa hai| ghaTanAtmaka dRSTi se jainendra kI 'mauta kA bhaya' kahAnI me satya ko itanI saphAI aura sUkSmatA se chipAte hue calate hai ki kahAnI kA mUla bhAva uttarotara bhaya mizrita jijJAsA utpanna kara detA hai / jaba hamArA bhaya aura utsukatA apane utkapaM para pahucatI hai taba ve apanI itanI saphAI ke sAtha dhIre se do-eka zabdo me satya kA udghATana karake taTastha ho jAte hai aura pAThaka lekhaka kI caturAI aura lekhana-kSamatA para cakita ho uThatA hai / prastuta kahAnI me lekhaka kA uddezya mRtyu dikhAnA nahI hai, varan usakA bhaya dikhAnA hai / jisame vaha pUrNata saphala hotA hai / isa prakAra lekhaka ne apane varNana-kauzala dvArA jIvana ke mahAna matya kA udghATana kiyA hai| mauta ke bhaya mAtra se vyakti kI sthiti kitanI dayanIya ho jAtI hai aura vaha socane ko vivaza ho jAtA hai ki mauta kitanA bhayakara matya hai, jisake bhaya mAtra se hI vyakti kI sthiti viSama ho jAtI hai| vastuta. jainendra ke anusAra jisa prakAra mAnava jIvana sambhAvanApro para

Page #269
264 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana calatA hai, usI prakAra sAhitya-prakriyA bhI sambhAvita hI honI cAhie / yahI kAraNa hai ki jainendra kI racanAyo ko paDhakara hI samApta kara lene para pAThaka kA kartavya pUrA nahI ho pAtA, kyoki racanA kA anta to use svaya hI socanA paDatA hai| isa sambandha me jainendra ne spaSTata svIkAra kiyA hai ki 'bhAgya ke prati jo sAzcarya nahI hai, vaha pahale se jIvana ke bheda ko yadi kisI thiyarI ke rUpa me muTThI me bAdhe hue hai, to pAThaka ko kisa AkarSaNa se khIca skegaa|'' jainendra kI dRSTi me sunizcita, sunirdiSTa prayojana me bAdhakara hone vAlI racanA sAhityika sRSTi na ho skegii| usame buddhi kA dabAva hI adhika rhegaa| jainendra kI adhikAza kahAnI tathA upanyAso me yaha zailI spaSTata daSTigata hotI hai / 'mAsTara jI', 'ka pathA', 'pAjeba', 'AtmazikSaNa' Adi kahAniyo me eka ajJAta utsukatA anta kI ora khIcatI hai| kintu kabhI-kabhI to anta me bhI saccAI aspaSTa banI rahatI hai| jainendra kI bhASA jainendra ke sAhitya me bhASA pratIka rUpa meM prayukta huI hai / vaha sAdhana hai, sAdhya nahI / satya kI pakaDa bhApA dvArA sambhava nahI ho sakatI / satya ko zabdo me sImita karake hama satya kI mahattA ko kSINa kara dete hai| 'kalyANI' me zabda kI asamarthatA kI ora igita kiyA gayA hai| unake anusAra 'zabda' buddhinirmita 'zabda' sataha kI laharo ko ginate hai, gaharAI ko ve kahA nApate hai ? kyA ve usako tanika bhI pAte hai, jo antargata hai ? jo anubhava hotA hai, kyA vaha zabdo me AtA hai ? rekhA me badhatA hai 12 jainendra ke sAhitya me viSayAnukUla bhASA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| bhAvAtmaka sthalo kI abhivyakti ke lie unake samakSa bhASA asamartha-sI pratIta hotI hai| aisI sthiti me mauna hI sambhASaNa kI bhASA banatI hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me aise anaginata sthala hai, jahA unake pAtra vANI dvArA jo kahane meM asamartha hote hai, use ve mauna dvArA nivedita karate hai / jainendra kI bhASA kI sajIvatA, prabhAvotpAdakatA, cakSopamattA aura hArdikatA kA jo svarUpa 'parakha' me milatA hai vaha hindI sAhitya-jagata me apanA bejoDa sthAna rakhatA hai| bihArI ke dvArA pUche gae prazno ke uttara me 1 jainendrakumAra 'sAhitya kA zreya aura preya', pR0 sa0 40 / 2 jainena kumAra 'kalyANI', pR0 sa0 100 / 'bhASA paharAvana hai aura zabda koI bhI sAra satya ko nahI pakaDa sktaa|' 3 jainendrakumAra 'kalyANI', pR0 sa0 101 / 4 jainendrakumAra 'parakha', pR0 75-76 / <

Page #270
jainendra paramparA aura prayoga 265 kaTTo kA mauna paristhiti ko aura bhI bhArI banA detA hai| bihArI ke hara prazna ke uttara me 'kaTTo cupa-suna / ' 'kaTTo suna--mUrtivat / ' 'kaTTo mUrtisarIkhI-jaDavat / ' 'kaTTo jaDavat--aceta para dekho-dekho, kaTTo aceta mUchita hokara girI jA rahI hai | kI sthiti hamAre hRdaya para lagAtAra aisA prahAra karatI hai ki hama kaTTo ke sAtha hI jaDavat ho jAte hai / ' zabda ke abhAva me bhI kaTTo ke hRdaya kA udgAra hamAre antas ko bhigotA hI nahIM, varan AkaNTha bhara detA hai / hama cetanAzUnya ho uThate hai / mAnasika sthiti kI itanI sundara abhivyakti jainendra kI pratibhA se hI sambhava ho sakI hai| usame banAvaTa se koso dUra sahajatA aura bhAvodreka kA apAra sAgara umaDA paDatA hai| jainendra bhASA kA bandhana nahI svIkAra karate / unakI dRSTi me yadi bhASA bhAvo kI abhivyakti me bAdhaka rahatI hai to usakI upAdeyatA mahatvahIna ho jAtI hai| jainendra ne apanI racanA-kAla ke prArambha se hI sahaja tathA bhAvAnukUla bhASA kA hI prayoga kiyA hai / bhAva-bhASA ke jisa rUpa me baha nikalA use unhone rokane kI ceSTA nahI kii| 'phAsI', 'ekarAta' Adi kahAniyo me tathA 'anantara', 'muktibodha' Adi upanyAso me agarejI ke zabdo kA hI nahI, pUre-kepUre vAkyo kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / jo ki pAtro ke anukUla hI hai / usame jabardastI hindI kA lobha pradarzita karanA ve ucita nahI samajhate / jainendra ne agarejI hI nahI, urdU bhASA ke zabdo kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / kahI-kahI unhone bahuta hI zAyarAnA Dhaga se bhAva vyakta kiyA hai / isake atirikta pAtra, varga aura mana sthiti ke anukUla bhI zabdo kA prayoga milatA hai, jisase viSaya kI mahimA dviguriNata ho gaI hai| sArAzata. jainendra ke sAhitya me mana sthitiyo kA hI udghATana huA hai| jainendra kI kahAniyo yA upanyAso me hI nahI, varan adhikAzata naI kahAniyo me ghaTanApro kA ghaTATopa kama hai, jise jainendra zubha mAnate hai / upanyAsa aura kahAnI ke sadRzya hI jainendra ke nibandha bhI sAhitya me apanA mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhate hai| unake nibandho kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA unakI sarasatA aura vyAvahArika viSayo kI svIkRti me hI lakSita hotI hai| unhone gambhIra se gambhIra viSaya kA vivecana nitya-prati kI ghaTanAo ke AdhAra para itanI sarala bhASA aura zailI me kiyA hai ki usame kathA kI-sI rasAnubhUti prApta hotI hai| 'soca-vicAra', 'itastata', 'pariprekSa', jainendra ke vicAra me sagrahIta nibandha isI zailI para AdhArita hai / nibandho me bhI satya ko spaSTa rUpa meM vyakta na karake saketa dvArA hI kAma calAyA hai / 'dahI aura samAja', 'jarUrI

Page #271
266 janandra kA jIvana-darzana bhedAbheda', 'vyavasAya kA satya' Adi nibandho dvArA aparokSa rUpa se samAja ke dhanI varga para prahAra kiyA hai| lokottara tathA mAnavettara viSaya jainendra ne lokottara tathA mAnavettara viSayo ko apanI racanA kA viSaya banA kara sAhitya me eka navIna kaDI joDo hai| 'nIlama pradeza kI rAja kanyA' isa dRSTi se hindI sAhitya me apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhatI hai / lekhaka ne kalpanA kI tUlikA se mAnavIya bimba prastuta karane kI saphala ceSTA kI hai| uparokta kahAnI kA sAmAjika yathArtha kI dRSTi se koI mahatva nahI hai, kintu AdhyAtmika dRSTi se nIlama deza kI rAjakumArI ke vicAra jainendra kI sApekSika (syAdavAda) kI dRSTi ke poSaka hai| ___ mAnavettara kahAniyo me 'eka gau' tathA 'do ciDiyA' aura 'ciDiyA kI baccI' atyanta mArmika aura satyAnubhUti kA udghATana karane vAlI kahAniyA hai| jainendra kI dRSTi meM prema mAnava jIvana kI hI anivAryatA nahI hai, varan buddhi zUnya pazupakSI bhI hRdaya aura prema kI bhApA pahacAnate hai / jau prakRti ko bhI unhone prema ke AkarSaNa se pUrNa mAnA hai| jenendra kore vicAraka hI nahI hai, sahRdaya vyakti bhI hai / apAra sahRdayatA ke kAraNa hI unheM cahavahAtI ciDiyA ke yauvana kAla me bhI mAnavIya prema ke darzana hote he / choTI ciDiyA me bhI prema kA akura hotA hai, jo vaya prApta karate hI prasphuTita ho uThatA hai| ciDiyA kI AtmavibhoratA aura cahacahAhaTa ke dvArA lekhaka ne usake hRdaya meM utpanna hone vAle prema ko vyakta kiyA hai / 'ammA-ammA' kahakara vaha apanI antas ke prema kA hI udghATana karatI hai| usake pAsa bhAvAbhivyakti ke lie zabda nahI he, kintu usakI cacalatA hI abhivyakti kA prasAdhana hai| vaha prakRti se kevala pyAra hI nahI karatI, varan pyAra me milane vAle kaSTa ko bhI bhUla jAtI hai| use 'zAma' ke rUpa me priya ke darzana hote hai / usa milana me use apanI bhIge tana kI bhI sudhi nahI rhtii|' sacamuca lekhaka ne isa kahAnI me ciDiyA me eka vaya prApta kizorI ke premapUrNa ullasita, hRdaya ke bhAvodgAro kI baDI sundara abhivyakti kI hai| usakI bhAvAbhivyakti me apAra snigdhatA tathA hArdikatA ke darzana hote hai| ___'eka gau' me lekhaka ne eka gAya ke apane mAlika ke prati aTUTa prema aura nisvArtha bhAva kA hRdayasparzI citraNa kiyA hai jise paDhakara pazu meM bhI nihita 1 jainendrakumAra 'jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 3 /

Page #272
jainendra paramparA aura prayoga 267 mAnavIya saMvedanA ke darzana prApta hote hai / uparokta kahAnI ko pradyAnta paDhane se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki mAno lekhaka ne manuSya hI nahI, pazu ke antas me nihita prema-maraNa ke dvArA apane sAhitya ko dIpta kiyA hai| pazu bola to nahI sakatA, kintu vaha bhI prema kI bhASA pahacAnatA hai / sundara gAya kA svAmI paristhitivaza apanI pyArI gAya ko beca detA hai| gAya vivaza hokara calI to jAtI hai, kintu vahA svAmI ke vichoha se dukhI hone ke kAraNa usakA dUdha kama ho jAtA hai / apane mAlika dvArA kAraNa pUchane para vaha kahatI hai- 'mai gau ha rupae ke lena-dena se adhikAra kA aura prema kA lena-dena jisa bhAva se tumhArI duniyA me hotA hai, use mai nahI jAnatI / phira bhI tumhArI duniyA me tumhAre lie mAnatI jAUgI / " gAya kA uparokta kathana barabasa hI hRdaya ko kacoTa letA hai aura hame gAya dvArA lekhaka kI pratizayabhAvukatA ke samakSa vinata ho jAnA paDatA hai / vastuta jainendra ne pazu-pakSiyo ko bhI Izvara kA praza mAnate hue unhe mAnavIya bhAvo ke pratIka ke rUpa me prastuta kiyA hai / 'ciDiyA kA 'baccA' me jainendra ne unmukta prakRti kI goda me vicaraNa karane vAlI ciDiyA kI anta prakRti kA bahuta hI prabhAvotpAdaka citraNa kiyA hai / kahAnI me lekhaka ne dhanI mAghavarAma seTha kI lobhI, ahakArI vRtti tathA ciDiyA kI baccI kI svacchandapriyatA aura bholepana kA citraNa kiyA hai / seTha apane bAga meM AyI huI sundara ciDiyA ke bacce ko dhana kA pralobhana dekara banda kara lenA cAhatA hai / kintu vaha to dhana-daulata kI bhASA jAnatI nahI aura kahatI hai- 'merI to choTI-sI jAna hai / Apake pAsa saba kucha hai / taba mujhe jAne dIjie / 2... sArAzata lekhaka ne vyakti ke graha tathA ciDiyA ke bhole bhAva ko pratIkAtmaka rUpa me vyajita kiyA hai / paurANika viSaya jainendra ne mAnavettara viSayo ke atirivata paurANika kathAo ke mAdhyama se bhI mAnavIya bhAvo kI abhivyakti kI hai / 'devI-devatA', 'bAhubalI', 'tad 0 ' 'urdhva bAhu', 'bhadrabAhu', 'guru kAtyAyana', 'nArada kA ardhya', 'yamapura kA nivAsI' 'kAmanApUrti' zrAdi kahAniyA vividha paurANika prAkhyAno ko lekara mAnavajIvana ke sandarbha me ghaTita huI hai / 1 jainendrakumAra jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 3 | 2 jainendrakumAra 'jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 3 |

Page #273
268 jainenda kA jIvana-darzana sAhitya-prAstikatA jainendra kA sAhitya unake dArzanika cintana se abhibhUta hai / premacandra mAnavatAvAdI upanyAsakAra hai| unhone Adarza jIvana ke lie mAnavocita sevA, tyAga, dayA Adi guNo ko apane pAtro me ghaTita hote hue darzAyA hai / premacanda IzvaravAdI nahI hai| kintu jainendra kA sAhitya unakI AstikatA se anuprANita hai| unakI dRSTi me Izvara hI satya hai aura Izvaronmukha honA satsAhitya kA lakSaNa hai| unake sAhitya ke roma-roma me IzvarIya AsthA samAhita hai / unhone apane pAtro ke mAdhyama se dharmamaya jIvanadRSTi para bala diyA hai| vastuta jenendra ne kathAsAhitya ko darzana kI bhUmi para AdhArita karake sAhitya jagata ko eka navIna dRSTi pradAna kI hai| unake AdhyAtmika manobhAva ke dvArA jIvana ke gambhIra satyo kA udghATana huA hai / 'vyartha-prayatna', 'darzana kI rAha', 'tatsata' Adi kahAniyA tathA upanyAno me unakI dArzanikatA kI spaSTa jhalaka milatI hai| jainendra ke sampUrNa sAhitya me unakI dArzanika dRSTi parokSa athavA aparokSa rUpa se samAyI huI hai| jainendra kI dArzanikatA ke kAraNa kabhI-kabhI sAhitya ke komala pakSo para Thesa bhI lagI hai / yathA 'khela' kahAnI me abodha bhAI-bahano ke sarala, svacchanda, hAsa-parihAsa aura dvandva ke bIca vidhAtA ko lAkara khaDA karanA bahuta hI asvAbhAvika pratIta hotA hai / tathApi kucha sthalo para jainendra kI dArzanika dRSTi mAnava jIvana kI satyatA kA udghATana karane meM samartha hai| sAmAjika dRSTi cirantana satya jainendra kI sAhityagata satyatA ko jAnane ke anantara unake vicAro ke sambandha me utpanna sArA dhana nirAdhAra siddha ho jAtA hai| jainendra ke sAhitya kI pramukha samasyA strI-puruSa sambandha tathA vivAha me prema ke praveza ke kAraNa hI utpanna hotI hai| jainendra se pUrva upanyAsakAro ne aura vizeSata premacanda ne strI ko bhaginI, mAtA aura patnI ke rUpa me hI dekhA hai kintu jainendra ne sarvaprathama strI-puruSa ko niyaktika rUpa me svIkAra kiyA hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me naitika aura anaitika kI samasyA strI-puruSa sambandha me kendrita nahI hai / jainendra ke pAtra premacanda se bahuta Age hai| unhone ghara aura bAhara kI samasyA dvArA mAnava jIvana ke cirantana prazna kA samAdhAna prastuta kiyA hai| ___jainendra ke sAhitya ke sambandha me kucha vidvAno kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki ve jIvana kI vAstavikatA aura anubhava se itara kalpanA aura vicAro kI pratimUrti hai| unake anusAra jainendra ne apane sAhitya me anubhUti kI upekSA karate

Page #274
jainendra paramparA aura prayoga 266 hae apane tarka-jAla ko phailAne kI ceSTA kI hai, kintu jainendra-sAhitya kA samagra vivevana karane ke anantara yaha dhAraNA asagata nahI pratIta hotI hai / ' 1. jainendra kumAra : 'kahAnI : anubhava aura zilpa' (vijayendra snAtaka), pR0 16 /

Page #275
pariccheda-6 jainendra aura satya satya jijJAsAmUlaka mAnava-prANI jijJAsA pradhAna hai| vyakti kI jijJAsA kA prabalatama AkarSaNa ajJeya athavA adRzya kI ora vizeSatayA dRSTigata hotA hai| AdikAla se hI dArzaniko me brahma ko jAnane kI jijJAsA banI rahI hai / brahma ko hama 'neti-neti' kahakara samajhane kI ceSTA karate hai| jo dRzya hai, pratyakSa hai, jJeya hai vaha saba apUrNa aura mithyA hai / antima satya ko hama nahIM jAna pAte / kintu satya pUrNa hI ho sakatA hai| brahma pUrNa hai, usakA astitva nirapekSa hai| vaha satya hai / jIva nazvara aura sasIma hai / ataeva jo nAzavAn hai vaha satya kaise ho sakatA hai ? satya to vahI ho sakatA hai, jisake sAtha 'asti' kA bhAva prApta ho sake / veda, purANa Adi sabhI dharmazAstro me jagata ko mithyA mAnA gayA hai| jIvana aura jagata antima satya nahI hai| jina dArzaniko ne jagata kI satyatA para bala diyA hai, unakI dRSTi jIvana kI vyAvahArikatA para AdhArita rahI hai| kintu jagata nAzavAn hI hai| jainendra kumAra satya 'sat' kA bhAva dhAraNa karatA hai| sat kA tAtparya hone se hai, jo vastu yA zakti sadaiva sthira rahatI hai, jisakI na kabhI utpatti hotI hai aura na kabhI vinAza, usI kA honA hI vAstavika honA hai| aisI satsvarUpa zakti hI 'satya' kI sajJA se yukta kI jA sakatI hai| parama satya advata vizva ke samasta dArzaniko ke samakSa pramukha samasyA yahI rahI hai ki satya

Page #276
jainendra ora gatya 271 kyA hai ? satya ko jAne binA sArA mAna-vijJAna aura darzana korI kalpanA hI pratIta hotA hai / satya kI nIva para hI samasta dArzanika-cintana ArUDha hai / satya ke sambandha meM vibhinna vidvAno ne vibhinna vicAra prastuta kie hai| kintu sabakI dagni me satya eka hai| uso svarUpa ke sambandha meM koI nirapekSA nirNaya nahI diyA jA sakatA / vibhinna dharma aura sampradAya ke vicAraka tathA dArzanika vibhinna mArgoM se hokara kahI lakSya kI dizA meM prayatnazIla hai| sabhI garmoM me vibhinna majJAo dvArA eka hI rAtya kI satyatA svIkAra kI gaI hai / nAma aneka hai, kintu saba eka hI satya kA pratinidhitva karane ke kAraNa mUlata eka hI hai| 'bhAratIya vedAnta darzana' me ekamAna brahma ko hI satya mAnA gayA hai / 'brahma satya jagadmizyA' ke siddhAnta ke dvArA brahma kI satyatA aura jagata kI nissAratA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| zakara ke anusAra sasAra kA astitva kevala mAyA se tathA ajJAna ke kAraNa hI pratibhAsita hotA hai, anyathA usakA koI astitva nahI hai, kevala saritamAn brahma hI saba kAlo me sthAI rahatA hai| eka hI satya ko vibhinna rUpo meM pAyita kiyA gayA hai---- 'eko satyam viprAbahudhAvadanti / ' ___parama satya' yakti kI pahuca ke pare hai| vaha use jAnane ke prayatna dvArA use jAna nahI mAtA / usakA anubhava hI apUrNa prAggiyo ke lie paryApta hai| mIlie janA mAtrA ko carcA kA viSaya nahIM mAnate / ekamAtra satya brahma hai, atAna usakI mAM athavA vAda-vivAda karanA vyartha he / jahA vyakti kI pahuMca na ho bahA barabama apanA abhimata prastuta karane meM vyakti kI ahatA kA hI prasTIkaraNa hotA hai| isIlie jainendra satya ko vAda-vivAda kI sakIrNatA se Upara mAnA hai| apane abhimana dvArA hama satya kA niSedha karate hue mata ko hI pramukhatA pradAna karate hai| 'Atma zikSaNa' ora pAjeba' mAdi kahAniyo me vyaktigata abhimata dvArA matya ko balapUrvaka nakArane kI ceSTA kI gaI hai, jaba taka abhimata pradhAna rahatA hai taba taka satya kA bodha prApta honA kaThina ho jAtA hai aura jhUThI ghaTanA hI balapUrvaka satyasiddha kI jAtI hai / kintu ata me satya mata se pare hI siddha hotA hai| sAhitya me satya kA svarUpa ___adhikAzataH satya kI khoja dArzaniko kI jijJAsA kA vilaya rahI hai, kintu satya kI khoja kA prayatna dArzaniko kI hI bapautI nahI hai| sAmAnya jIvana ke 1 jainendrakumAra' . 'janendra kI kahAniyAM', dvitIya bhAga, pR0 20,43 /

Page #277
272 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana bhI vyakti apane bAhya jIvana ke saMgharSoM se itara Atmika satya ko jAnane ke lie prayatnazIla hai| kavi ho athavA lekhaka athavA vicAraka-sabhI kI dRSTi me satya ke sambandha me eka dhAraNA hotI hai / vaha satya asatya ko dRSTi me rakhakara hI sAhitya-racanA ke hetu pravRtta hotA hai| vaise to satya ke svarUpa ko jAnA nahI jA sakatA kintu jIvana me usakI anubhUti Avazyaka hai / satya kI anubhUti ko mana me dhAraNA kie binA sAhitya-racanA nirI kapola-kalpanA hI pratIta hogI / satya mAnava jIvana kA upajIvya hai, kintu satya ke sAtha sundara kA samAveza hone para hI sAhityika satya kI svIkRti hotI hai / jainendra ke sampUrNa sAhitya kA adhyayana karake hama isa niSkarSa para pahucate hai ki unake sAhitya me satyAbhivyakti kI pUrNa ceSTA kI gayI hai / satya ke sUkSma aura sthUla, vyApaka aura sImita, AdhyAtmika aura bhautika Adi vibhinna rUpo kA unhone vizad vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me satya kI vyApakatA kA avalokana karane se pUrva satya ke artha ko jAnanA Avazyaka hai| jainendra kA sAhitya samagra jIvana kI abhivyakti karane meM sakSama hai| unhone jIvana ke vividha rAjanItika, sAmAjika, Arthika, dhArmika Adi pakSo kA vivecana karate hue unake gUDha satyo kA udghATana kiyA hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me abhivyakta satya ko mAnava kI sApekSatA me hI jAnane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| sat kA bhAva satya jainendra ne satya ke sUkSma svarUpa kA vivecana karate hue paramparAgata bhAratIya dArzaniko kI vicAradhArA kA hI avalamba liyA hai| Adhunika vicArako aura dArzaniko me gAdhI ke AdarzoM kI spaSTa jhalaka jainendra ke vicAro me dRSTigata hotI hai| jainendra ke anusAra 'sat' kA bhAva satya hai / jo hai vaha usake kAraNa hai, aura usake lie hai / isa prakAra jo hai vaha sat aura jo usako dhAraNa karatA hai vaha satya hai|' gAdhI ne bhI satya ko uparokta rUpa me hI vivecita kiyA hai| jainendra ke anusAra ekamAtra satya kA hI astitva sabhava ho sakatA hai| asat se tAtparya na hone se hai / ataeva jo nahI hai, usake hone kA prazna hI nahI utthtaa| unake anusAra jo nahIM hai, usake lie yaha 'asat' zabda bhI adhika hai| jainendra 'asat' zabda kI svIkRti me bhI vyakti kI ahatA ke hI darzana hote hai| unakI dRSTi me jo nahI hai, use jora dekara asat kahane meM vyakti ke ahakAra kA 1 mahAtmA gA~dhI 'di vAyasa Apha Tra tha' 2 mahAtmA gA~dhI 'di vAyasa Apha da tha'

Page #278
jainendra prora satya pradarzana hotA hai / 273 pUrNa satya zrajJaya prazna uThatA hai ki 'satya' kyA hai ? jainendra ke anusAra 'satya' nirguNa aura nirAkAra hai / " gAdhI ne to 'satya' ko hI Izvara mAnA hai / jainendra ke pAsa eka akelA anubhava Izvara hI hai, usase bar3hakara koI saccAI ho nahI sakatI / vyakti apUrNa hai, rAjya pUrNa aura nirapekSa hai / ataeva vyakti ke dvArA abhivyakta vicAra bhI pUrNa satya kI abhivyakti karane meM sambhava nahI ho sakatA / satya kA nirapekSa rUpa 'satcidAnanda' he / sUkSma athavA nirapekSa satya ke sambandha me bhI zranekAneka abhimata pracalita hai, kintu ve satya kI sApekSatA ko hI vyakta karate hai / jaina darzana se prabhAvita hone ke kAraNa jainendra ne syAdavAda ke AdhAra para satya ke sApekSa rUpa ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai| jainendra ke anusAra satya ananta hai, akalpanIya hai, ata hama jo kucha jAna sakate hai, cAha sakate hai, vaha ekAgI satya hai / dUsarI dRSTi se vaha prasatya bhI ho sakatA hai / sampUrNa satya vaha nahI hai, ' vastuta satya ko jAnane se adhika use jAnane kI jijJAsA banAe rakhanA hI paryApta hai / ' jainendra ke anusAra paramezvara kA pUrI taraha jAna lene kA zrAzaya he vyakti kA Izvara se Upara AsIna honA / vastuta jAnane ke prayatna me kucha zeSa banA hI rahatA hai, jo vyakti kI apUrNatA kA bodha karAtA hai| jainendra ke vicAra bhAratIya vidvAnoM ke samakakSa hI pratIta hote he / antima satya ko hama nahI jAna sakate / jo jAnate hai, vaha satya nahI hai / jainendra ne spaSTata svIkAra kiyA hai ki satya vyakti kI apUrNatA kA bodha karAtA hai| Adarza to akhaNDa hai, dvai yathArtha meM hI vyakti kI pahuca hai, zrataeva jIvana kI yathArthatA ( satyatA ) hI carcA kA viSaya banatI hai / satya to hone mAtra meM hai, jAnane me nahI / satyabodha anubhavAzrita jainendra ke sAhitya meM satya ko anubhUtigamya aura sambhAvya mAnA gayA 1. 'satya ke nirguNa rUpa ko Izvara kaheMge, vaha parama kalyANamaya hai / ' jainendrakumAra 'prazna aura prazna', pR0 136 / 2. "The greatest trouble with us is that we can know and live in only bits of truth at a time and not all of it"'Glimpse of Truth' (p. 97) 3. 'Some may know more, some may know less, what is important is to keep discovery. 'Glimpse of Truth - ( P. 22.)

Page #279
274 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana hai / jAnanA buddhi ke dvArA hotA hai, tathA tarka dvArA use pramANita kiyA jAtA hai, kintu tarka dvArA use hI siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai, jo pratyakSa aura dRzya hai / adRzya aura sUkSma satya ke sambandha me vyakti kevala kalpanA kara sakatA hai / 'jayavardhana' me isa tathya kI puSTi kI gayI hai| 'satya' hunara jyAdA hai, jAnanA kama hai| satya ke jJAna ko sadaiva apane ajJAna ke rUpa me hI mAnate rahane me vyakti kI kRtArthatA hai| 'kalyANI' me kalyANI satya kI siddhi ke lie tarka ko sarvathA nirarthaka rUpa meM hI svIkAra karatI hai| usake anusAra--'tarka saccAI ko lapeTa nahI pAtA hai, samajhanA kabhI pUrA ho nahI sakatA / ' jijJAsA sat kA svarUpa neti-neti raha jAtA hai| yahI vedAntika satya hai / jainendra ke anusAra 'na' kAra se yaha tAtparya nahI hai ki satya hai hI nahI, varan neti-neti se tAtparya yaha hai ki vyakti usa 'iti' ko jAna nahI sakatA, jo jAnatA hai vaha 'neti' hai| isIlie jainendra satya ke jijJAsu me apAra dhairya kI AvazyakatA kA anubhava karate hai / satya yadi vyakti kI pakaDa me A jAya to vaha satya nahI rhegaa| 'kalyANI' me lekhaka ne satya ke sambandha me vyakti kI jijJAsA ko eka cunautI ke rUpa me svIkAra kiyA hai| unake anusAra--'jahA cunautI nahI hai aura jo buddhi ke hAtho me pAlatU-sA dIkhatA hai, vaha satya bhI nahI hai / ataeva AvazyakatA hai ki satya ke prati vyakti sadA saprazna aura natamastaka rahe / 'sat-jJAna' satta jijJAsA me hai / ' 'vyartha prayatna' me bhI satya ko buddhi dvArA jAnane ke prayatna ko antata parAbhUta hote hue darzAyA hai / cintAmaNi zUnya me Akha gaDAkara usa satya ko dekhanA cAhatA hai| kAla kI anantatA me adRzya satya ko dekhane me usakI AsthA nahI hai| vaha satya ko pratyakSa dekha lenA cAhatA hai, kintu satya to zUnya me hai / vaha zUnya ko bhedanA cAhatA hai, kintu usakI bauddhika pipAsA zAnta nahI hotii| veda, purANa, upaniSad Adi kA adhyayana bhI use satya kA bodha karAne meM asamartha hotA hai| usakI Antarika azAnti bar3hatI hI jAtI hai tathA use apanA ApA bhI bhArI pratIta hotA hai / antata samarpaNa kI bhAvanA hI use Izvara kA anubhava karAne me samartha hotI hai| jainendra ke anusAra satya ajJAta hai aura jijJAsA sadaiva ajJAta meM se pAtI 1 jainendrakumAra 'kalyANI', pR0 sa0 68 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'kalyANI', pR0 sa0 68 / 3 jainendrakumAra 'kalyANI', pR0 sa0 68 / 4 jainendrakumAra . 'jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 7, pR0 sa0 126-126 /

Page #280
jainendra aura satya 275 hai, kintu ajJAta kI ora se Ane vAlI cunautI kA sAmanA karane ke lie vyakti prayatnazIla hI ho sakatA hai, pUrNata. samartha nahI ho sakatA, kyoki jijJAsA samApta ho jAya to jIvana kA pravAha hI samApta ho jaaygaa| jainendra ke anusAra satya kI khoja me DUbakara hI vyakti katArtha hotA hai / ahatA ke vigalana athavA satya ke samarpaNa dvArA hI parama satya kI upalabdhi kA Ananda prApta ho sakatA hai| jainendra kI racanAo ke pAtra sadaiva jIvana me karmarata rahate hue bhI Izvaronmukha hone ke lie prayatnazIla rahate hai| vinamratA, ahazUnyatA, aura prema hI satya kI prApti ke vividha sopAna hai| jIvana satat yAtrA hai| jainendra kI daSTi me jIvana kI sArthakatA calane me hai, rukane me nhii| satya sambandhI uparokta vivecana ke AdhAra para para hama isa niSkarSa para pahucate he ki satya kA sUkSma rUpa zAzvata hai / vaha vyakti kI pahuca se pare hai, ataeva vaha carcA kA viSaya bhI nahI bana sktaa| vaha kevala anubhUti kA hI viSaya ho sakatA hai| ekamAtra satya vahI Izvara hai aura saba usI ke hone se sabhava hai|' prazna IT hai ki jaba sUkSma satya vyakti kI carcA kA viSaya nahI bana mamatA tathA taba vyakti ke jIvana me kauna-sA aisA satya hai, jise sAhityakAra sAhitya ke mAdhyama se svIkAra karatA hai / sAhitya kA vaha kauna-sA satya he jo jIvana kA sahajatA pradAna karane meM samartha hotA hai| jainenma ke anusAra jIvana ke viSaya pariprekSo me satya kI svIkRti bhI sAhitya kA iSTa hai / sukSma satya se para vyAvahArika jIvana me satya kI jo sthiti svIkAra kI gayI hai, usakI svIkRti meM hI jIvana kI sahajatA sambhava hai| jainendra ke sAhitya meM vyAvahArika satya ko kisI sImita kSetra me hI nahI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai , varan dharma, samAja, rAjanIti Adi me bhI nihita satya kI abhivyakti kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| 'vyavasAya kA satya', 'mAnava kA satya' Adi sajJAmo se jainendra ne satya sambandhI apane vicAro kI abhivyajanA kI hai| satya kA svarUpa kAla se tabgata nahIM jainendra ke mAhitya meM satya kI sthiti jAnane se pUrva usakI viziSTatA ko jAnanA anivArya hai| jainendra ke anusAra satya ko kAla kI dRSTi se dekhanA adhika vizvamanIya nahI hai| unakI daSTi se vibhinna yugo ke sAhitya me dRSTigata hone vAle rAsya kI parakha kAla ke vibhAjana ke AdhAra para karanA ucita nahIM hai / prAyaH yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki eka hI kAla ke lekhakoM ke satya sambandhI 1. jainendra meM sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para prApta vicAra /

Page #281
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana dRSTikoNa me antara hotA hai / yathA premacanda aura jayazakara 'prasAda' samakAlIna hote hue bhI dRSTi-bheda ke kAraNa kAla kI sApekSatA me rakhakara vivecita nahI kie jA sakate / jainendra ke anusAra satya kA svarUpa lekhaka kI yA vyakti kI Atma-cetana para nirbhara hotA hai, na ki kAla para / ataeva sAhitya me prApta hone vAlI satyatA me jo antara dRSTigata hotA hai, vaha lekhaka kI dRSTi-bheda kA hI sUcaka hai / satya kAlAtIta hokara hI vaha sthAyitva grahaNa karatA hai / " jainendra ne apane sAhitya me satya kA jo svarUpa svIkAra kiyA hai, vaha sama-sAmayikatA kI mAga se Upara hai / unake cintana kA paricaya bAhya pariveza se adhika Antarika dvandva hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki unhone antas cetanA ke AdhAra para hI satya kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / satya kA sthUlarUpa nirguNa na hote hue bhI bAhya sthitiyo me lakSita nahI hotA, varan antarbhUta hotA hai / isIlie sAhitya me jIvana ke satya kI abhivyakti ke lie antardRSTi anivArya hai / 276 satya ziva sundaram sAhityaka - satya aura dArzanika satya kI apanI sImA hai / dArzanika dRSTi se satya ko jisa rUpa me graharaNa kiyA jAtA hai, use ThIka usI rUpa me sAhitya me nahI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA / darzana kA satya cintana - pradhAna hotA hai / usame vaicArika pramukha hotI hai, kintu sAhityika satya me vicAra se adhika bhAva aura vyAvahArikatA kA samAveza hotA hai / sAhitya me korA satya kevala bauddhika tarka-jAla phailAne me hI sahAyaka hotA hai / usame vyakti ke jIvana me AtmasAt hone kI kSamatA nahI hotI / sAhitya kA 'satya zina aura sundaram' ke do taTo ke pAra kI sthiti hai, kintu pAra jAne ke lie taTa kA niSedha bhI nahI ho sakatA / mAno ziva aura sundara ke taTo kA sparza karatI huI sAhitya-dhArA satya ke sAgara me samA jAtI hai / sundaratA aura zivatva satya ke pUraka hai / sAhityakAra kA lakSya apanI racanAo ke dvArA satyonmukha honA hI hai | jainendra ke anusAra satya kI zodha, satya kI caryA aura satya kI pUjA ke lie hI lekhana kArya honA caahie| unakI dRSTi me ' ziva aura sundaram' satya ke do pahalU hai, parantu apane-Apa me simaTate hI dono me anabana ho rahatI hai / sAhitya athavA kalA kA pradhAna gugNa sundaratA hai / satya kA sundara rUpa hI sAhitya me grAhya ho sakatA hai / prayojanIyatA sAhitya kA goraNa pakSa hai / 1 jainendra se sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para prApta vicAra / 2. jainendrakumAra 'sAhitya kA zreya aura preya', pR0 sa0 283 /

Page #282
jainendra aura satya 277 prayojanIyatA anya zAstro kA iSTa ho sakatI hai, kintu sAhitya me korI prayojanIyatA aniSTa hI karatI hai| jainendra ke anusAra saundarya hI vaha AdhAra hai, jisapara kalA AmIna hotI hai / 'prAkRtika saundarya'...kalA ke lie prayojanIya hai, usa hetu me satya nahIM hai| usake lie to saba prayojana se kahI baDe usa hetu se satya hai ki ve sundara hai| saundarya kalA ke lie satya kA pradhAna rUpa hai| jainendra ke anusAra saundarya hame indriyo se prApta hotA he aura sundara, ziva ke upa rAta satya vaha saundarya hai, jo AsthA me hI uddhata hai arthAt agara satya hamako prArathA me sundara na pratIta hotA ho to satya rahegA hI nahI / sundara jise hama kahate hai vaha sAmane hI hai| vastuta jainendra kI dRSTi meM sAhityika satya kA saundarya se yukta honA anivArya hai| unakI dRSTi me sUkSma satya athavA geya satya yA mArthaka satya kalA ke siMhAsana para nahIM hai / sAhitya ke sihAsana para tA satya sundara hokara hI jAne vAle hai| sAhitya meM satya upanyAsa tathA kahAnI kI ghaTanA me nimRta eva guDha hotA hai| ghaTanA hI satya ko mukharita karane vAlI vANI hai| ghaTanA dIkhatI hai, satya ko usameM DhUDhanA patA hai / ima eNTi se jainendra ke mAhitya kA avalokana karane para unake vicAroM kI pUrNata puSTi prApta hotI hai| jainendra ke sAhitya kA pAkarSaNa unakI satyAbhivyakti me hI samAhita hai| satya aura vAstava jainendra ke sAhitya meM satya ke svarUpa kA vivecana karane se pUrva unakI dRSTi me satya aura vAstava kA antara jAna lenA bhI anivArya hai / sthUlata satya aura vAstava TUtha aura phaikTa ke samAnArthI pratIta hote hai| kintu zabda saketa mAtra hai| artha pIra bhAva zabda kI gaharAI meM hI prApta hotA hai / jainendra ke anusAra upanyAga racanA kA lakSya satya kI zodha karanA hai| racanA dvArA 'sva' kI puSTi karanA hI paryApta nahI hai. varan usake dvArA samaSTi ko satya kI dizA me denA Avazyaka hai| vAratava yathArtha se sambaddha hai| 'vAstava para satya kI sImA nahI hai / vAstava meM pare bhI satya hai, isalie hamAre vAstava kI sImA hamArI hI sImA hai, satya to pramIma hai| vAstava hai 'phaikTa' aura satya hai 'Tra tha' / jainendra kA Adarza vAstava se gatya kI ora unmukha honA hai| vAstava satyAbhivyakti 1. jainendra se gAkSAtkAra ke avasara para prApta vicAra / 2 janendra kumAra * sAhitya kA zreya aura preya' / / 3, unakI abhilASA vAstava meM nahI ho sktii| upanyAsa kA hArda satya hai, phevana usakA zarIra vArarAva meM hai| 'jIne ke lie zarIra cAhie, para vaha AramA ka mandira pa ma ho|' janendrakumAra : 'sAhitya kA zreya aura preya', pR0 saM0 170 /

Page #283
278 jainandra kA jIvana-dazana kA AdhAra hai| jainendra ne apane sAhitya me vAstava kA jo rUpa svIkAra kiyA hai vaha jIvana kI yathArtha bhAvanApro aura sthitiyo kA udghATana karane me samartha hai| unhone apane jIvana me Asa-pAsa kI ghaTanAo aura sthitiyo kI saccAI ko apane sAhitya me abhivyakta kiyA hai| unhone yathArtha sthiti ko jyo-kA-tyo hI nahI citrita kiyA hai, varan sthiti ke mUla meM nihita satya ko ughArane kI ceSTA kI hai / jainendra kA samagra sAhitya isa tathya kA pramANa hai| jainendra-sAhitya kA mUlya satya jainendra ke sAhitya kA mUla satya jIvana kI cirantana sthitiyo ko lekara hI abhivyakta huA hai| jainendra ke anusAra vyakti sAmAjika maryAdA ke bhaya se apane antas ke satya ko svIkAra karane me akSama hotA hai| usame itanA sAhasa nahI hotA ki vaha apanI prakRti ko svIkAra kara sake / satya ke asvIkAra me vyaktitva me nAnA vikRtiyA utpana ho jAtI hai, jinhe vaha apane sAtha cipaTAye hue jItA rahatA hai / jainendra kI dRSTi se vyakti kA tIna cauthAI bhAga bhItara hai aura eka cauthAI bAhara hai / hama usa eka cauthAI ko hI dekhate hai, kintu jo kucha dikhatA hai, satya vahI nahI hai / satya bhItara yAtmaguhA me nimRta hai / ataeva vyakti jIvana kI pUrNatA ke hetu satya kI sampUrNatA kA jJAna aura usakI svIkRti anivArya hai| vyakti ke antas meM kAma aura prema ke bhAva vidyamAna hote hai| jinakI abhivyakti karane me vaha bhaya kI jaDatA se badhA rahatA hai| kAma sRSTi kA niyama hai / jainendra ke anusAra 'seksa meM' se sRjana hai, sRSTi maithunI hai, kintu yaha samasyA bhI hai / samasyA seksa me se nahI, mithuna meM se prApta hotI hai / mithuna me se bhagavatasvarUpa zizu prApta hotA hai aura mithuna me se hI pApa kA dabAva bhI upajatA hai| isIlie unakI dRSTi me sAhitya ke samakSa yahI dhruva pahelI hai aura yahI cunautI hai, jisake uttara meM sAhitya-racanA ho sakatI hai| vastuta jainendra ke sAhitya ke sambandha me sArA bhrama ekamAtra isI samasyA ko lekara hI uThatA hai / unake sAhitya me kAma aura prema kI svIkRti eka aisI jATila pahelI hai jo sadaiva aspaSTa hI banI rahatI hai| __ jainendra ke sAhitya me kAma aura prema kI samasyA ko sAhitya meM eka navIna prayoga mAnA jAtA hai, kintu jise hama prayoga samajhate hai, vaha satya hI hai / prayoga 1 jainendrakumAra 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAnta' (aprkaashit)|

Page #284
jainendra aura satya 276 paramparA ge eka paDI hai, kintu satya to sanAtana hai| yo satya kA svarUpa bhI parivartanIya ho gakatA hai, kintu svarUpa ke parivartana se AtmA kI sthiti meM koI antara nahI paataa| jainenda ke sAhitya meM kAma aura prema ko satya ke rUpa me svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| ataeva unakI racanAo meM garbhita kAma aura premamUlaka satyatA ko jAnanA anivArya hai| yadyapi pacama pariccheda meM uparyukta tathya kI ora igita kiyA gayA hai, tAgi janendra ke sAhitya meM satya kA vizleSaNa karate hue unakI samagra piTa kA vivecana anivArya pratIta hotA hai / jainendra ne jIvana kI vividhatA ma premamUlaka satya kI aisI ekasUtratA kI sRSTi kI hai, jisameM samasta pArthakya prema dvArA udbhuta ainaya meM vilIna ho jAtA hai| jainendra ke anusAra mAnava jIvana kA sAra hRdayagata pIDA me nihita hai| pIDA athavA vyathA hI vaha pUMjI hai, jise apane meM sameTakara jIvana sArthaka ho jAtA hai / pIDA me prema kA rasa hai| jainendra ke anusAra jIvana me 'parama dukha' kA kSaNa hI parama sukha kA kSaNa hai| jisa kSaraNa hama atyadhika trAsa pA rahe hote hai, usI samaya mAno rasa kI parama anubhUti hotI hai| ataeva dukha me hI jIvana kA svAda hai| pIDA viraha udbhuta hai| viraha me hI prema kA AkarSaNa hai| prema meM prApti athavA dAyita hA gAva na hokara visarjana kA bhAva hotA hai| prema ge kAma antarbhUta hainAma kI spIti meM hI prema kI pUrNatA hai| pUrNatA arthAt satya kI prApti ke mArga meM hara kadama apanI sArthakatA rakhatA hai| prema kI pUrNatA ke mArga meM kAma kI svIkRti anivArya hai| jainandra ne spaSTata svIkAra kiyA hai ki 'prema samagra hokara indriyo ge svatantra yA indriyAtIta ho jAyegA / phira vahA pratispardhA kA savAla hI po rahanA cAhie ? pati patnI sambandha sAmAjika hai, indriyAvalambI hai, prema bharapUra hote hote itanA adhika ho jAtA hai ki pAlambana kI use AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| ataeva prema kI pUrNatA ke lie indriyo ko mArga rUpa meM svIkAra karanA anivArya hai| jainendra ke anusAra prema meM tIkhApana Ane se hI pratIndriyanA nahIM prApta ho sktii| atIndriya prema me zarIra ko aura indriyo ko kRtakAmatA anubhava honI naahie| jainendra ne apane sAhitya meM satya ko saharSa svIkAra kiyA hai / sakoca athavA lajjA ke kAraNa tiraskAra nahI kiyA hai| unake sAhitya me dRSTigata prema ke mUla meM garIra aura AtmA kI pUrNatA hI dRSTigata hotI hai| jainendra ke anugAra yaha prAmaceSTA pratyeka kAma aura bhoga me se atRpti hI banI calI jAtI hai| anavarata pa meM irA sthiti se gujaratI huI vaha pAtI hai ki upalakSya phira 1. janedra kumAra kAga, prema aura parivAra', pR0 sa0 100 /

Page #285
280 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana lupta hI banA raha gayA hai| isa sthiti me se hI eka dina kAma ko akAma ho jAnA he / vastuta kAmendriyo ke mArga se AtmonmukhatA kI prApti sambhava ho sakatI hai| satya utsarga meM jainendra ke anusAra bhoga athavA sambhoga ke mUla me jo doSa hai, vaha eka kA eka se sambandha hone ke kAraNa hI sambhava hai, yadi eka kA sambandha eka taka sImita na hokara sarva me prApta ho jAya to usame dAyitva kA bhAva zithila paDa jAyagA / dAyitva me hI kAma kI tIvratA jAgrata hotI hai / kintu jainendra kI dRSTi me jaba eka kA eka se aneka ke sAtha abhinnatA kA sambandha ho, taba phira eka ke sAtha sambandha kI vyApakatA nahI raha jaatii| unakI dRSTi meM apane ko dene aura anya ko pAne me bhoga to bIja rUpa me rahegA hii| usakI sImitatA kAma kI nyUnatA hai, kyoki vahA eka kA eka se sambandha hI kAma prema kI abhivyakti kA rUpa mAnA jA sakatA hai / parantu unakI dRSTi me kAma hI prema me bAdhA hai / prema uttarottara atIndriya hone ke lie hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me vivAha me prema kI svIkRti kI sArthakatA dAyitva ko samApta karane meM hI hai| vivAha ke dvArA vyakti yadi eka se badha jAya athavA e ko apane 'sva' se itanA bAdha le ki use sarva taka phailane na de to vaha vivAha jakaDabanda ho jAyagA / jainendra ke anusAra jIvana kA satya svArtha me na hokara utsarga meM hai| unakI dRSTi me bhoga me 'sva' kI kirakirAhaTa banI hI rahatI hai| prAsU bahAne me jitanA sva kA lAbha hotA hai, utanA bhoga se nahI / bhoga me yoga kA bhAva visarjana athavA prAtmotsarga dvArA hI sambhava hotA hai| jaba priya ko hama apanI kAmanA se mukta karate hai, taba eka Antarika upalabdhi hotI hai| vahI satya hai| jainendra ne kAma aura prema kI samasyA ko kisI vivazatAvaza svIkAra na karake apane antas kI mAga ke kAraNa svIkAra kiyA hai / umakI dRSTi me dukha meM sukha gabhita hai| jisa prakAra hisA ke mUla me ahisA kA bhAva antamUrta rahatA hai| kAma ke sUkSma bindu me do vyakti parasparatA me svaya ko kho dete hai| unakI dRSTi me jIvita rahate hue bhI jo mRtyu kA sukha de sake vahI parama siddha hai| jo dukha kA kSaraNa hai, vahI sukha kA kSaraNa hai / 'apane maraNa' arthAt svatva ke na hone ke bhAva se baDA koI bhAva nahI hai| usa sthiti me dvaita kA bhAva vilIna 1 jainendrakumAra 'jayavardhana', pR0 sa0 324 / 2 sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para prApta vicaar|

Page #286
jainendra ora satya 281 ho jAtA hai / jenendra kI dRSTi meM advaita kA kSaraNa athavA bindu hI hai jisake lie kAmAkaraNa re sagAra me vyApta hai / usI kSaNatA ke kAraNa AdamI prabhAva pUrvaka jI pAtA hai / jAne-anajAne usa kSaraNa kI anubhUti dvArA vyakti graha kI galAkara panA svAsthya prApta karatA hai| jainendra ne apanI uparokta mAnyatA ko ke dAna dvArA spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| unakI dRSTi me jisa prakAra kA ko sUlI para caDhane ke samaya bhI parama sukha kA anubhava huA hotA hai, apane zarIra para prApta hone vAlI yAtanA me bhI unhe parama sukha kI anubhUti hotI hai| vaha kSaraNa unheM apanI dhanyatA tathA jIvana kI sArthakatA kA pratIta hotA hai / unI prakAra kAmAkaraNa meM parama pIDA kA kSaraNa hI, parama dhanyatA kA kSaNa hai / pi ve yaha spaSTata svIkAra karate hai ki dhanyatA kA kSaNa TikatA nahI hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki usake prati AkarSaNa banA rahatA hai kintu jaba vyakti kI anubhUti sthAyitva grahaNa kara letI hai, taba use Atmika sukha milatA hai aura usa kSaraNa kI punarAvRtti svata. hI nirarthaka ho jAtI hai / jainendra kI ati meM 'sva' ke visarjana kA yaha mArga svata hI grAtmonmukhatA athavA bhagavatprApti kA prAnanda pradAna karane meM sakSama hotA hai| isIlie jainendra ne apanAnA ke jIvana meM prApta hone vAle pracalatama zrAkarSaNa ke kSaraNo kA niSedha nahIM kiyA hai| 'eka rAta' meM jayarAja sakalpapUrvaka calatA hai aura eka bindu kA AkarSaNa ra pUrvaka asvIkAra karanA cAhatA hai, kintu usa bindu kA AkarSaNa usapara itanA hAvI ho jAtA hai ki vahI jItatA hai aura jaya kA sakalpa hAratA hai / jainendra kI hRSTi meM sakalpa ke virodha me dRSTigata hone vAlA pApa bhI satya kI svIkRti ke mArga me, usakI sthApanA me svata hI nirmala ho jAtA hai| sudarzanA ke pati ke ghara se Ane meM jo pApa kA zaSTigata hotA hai vaha gatya meM nahAkara pavina ho jAtA hai / pratata arthAt sudarzanA kI jaya hotI hai aura sakalpapUrvaka calane vAlA jaya parAjita hotA hai| jainendra kI STa ma pApa vaha hai jisase vyaktitva kA kucha aza pIche haTa rahA ho, kintu jahA sahaja bhAva se samagra samarpaNa kI sthiti ho, vahA citta me vikAra prathavA uttejanA nahI AtI / citta para jora tabhI paDatA hai, jaba durAva kA bhAva mana meM banA rahatA hai| jainandra kI dRSTi se pApa yadi kucha hai to jhUTha hai| ga meM burAI nahI ho sktii| unake anusAra satya ke sAmane jhUTha kokanA hI par3atA hai| isa sabaMdha meM unhone spaSTatA se svIkAra kiyA hai ki 'avArDa gujhe manAI meM garbhita dIkhatI hai, isIlie acchA kI jagaha gaccA pApa 1. sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para prApta vicAra /

Page #287
282 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana honA mujhe ISTa hai| saccA hokara koI burA bhI nikale to mujhe asahya na hogaa| utTe jhUThA hokara koI ziSTa, sabhya, sambhrAnta, zAnta Adi dikhe to merI sahyatA TUTane laga jAtI hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me satya chala me nahI hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me satya ko samajhane ke lie unakI racanAo me satya kA vAstavika rUpa dekhanA anivArya hai| kahAnI ke dvArA lekhaka kI sahI dRSTi ko prApta karanA aura usake AdhAra para hI nirNaya prastuta karanA Avazyaka hai| prAya jainendra ke sAhitya me abhivyakta satya ke sahI rUpa ko na jAnane ke kAraNa hI unake sambandha me bhrama utpanna ho jAtA hai / 'sunItA' pe lekhaka kA uddezya pArivArika avasAda ko dUra karane ke sAtha hI hariprasanna ke avadamita mana ke bhItara chipI huI satyatA ko bhI prakAzita karanA hai, kyoki Atma-parivAra athavA Atmonnati satya kI svIkRti me hI sambhava ho sakatI hai| satya ke niSedha me bAhya rUpa se dikhAI dene vAlI sArI ceSTA arthahIna sidva ho jAtI hai| hariprasanna kA vyaktitva manovijJAna kI bhUmi para hI abhivyakta huA hai / usake vyaktitva ke sambandha me hamAre mana me eka Adarza parikalpanA hotI hai| usake vicAro me hame sAtvikatA ke darzana hote hai, kintu anta me usagI jo pratikriyA hotI hai, use hama pApa samajhate he aura usa sthiti ko azlIlatA kI sUcaka mAnate hai / kintu jainendra kI dRSTi me vahI satya hai| jaba taka vyakti apane mana kI saccAI ko svata hI svIkAra nahI karatA athavA usake prati sajaga nahI hotA, taba taka usake vyaktitva ke sambandha meM diyA jAne vAlA nirNaya usake apUrNa vyaktitva kI pratikriyA hogA, kyoki maccAI Upara nahI dikhAyI detii| sunItA ke pUrNa samarpaNa ke samakSa hariprasanna Tika nahI paataa| upanyAsa me usakI jo pratikriyA dikhAyI detI hai, usase sAmAnyata yahI pratIta hotA hai ki hariprasanna apane icchita upalakSya ko pratyakSa dekhakara mAnasika rUpa se hI santuSTa ho jAtA hai| kintu jainendra kI dRSTi meM satya isase pare hai| Upara se Adarza pratIta hone vAle vyakti ke antas kI saccAI ko koI nahI jAnatA, isI sahAre vaha duniyA kI Akho me Adarza pratIta hotA hai, kintu yadi use patA cala jAya ki loga usake bhItara kI satyatA ko jAnate hai to vaha unase dRSTi na milA sakegA, ThIka yahI sthiti hariprasanna kI hotI hai| jainendra ke anusAra---'AdamI kA darpaNa me apanA hI citra mila jAya to vaha ekAeka sabhala jAtA hai| apane sabadha meM jitanA bhI Atma sammAna kA bhAva hai--usakI rakSA ke lie vaha lauTa jAtA hai / sunItA hariprasanna ko cunotI 1 jainendrakumAra jainendra 'pratinidhi kahAniyA', pR0 366 /

Page #288
jainendra aura matya 283 detI hai ki kyA tuma cAhate ho, lo---aura hariprasanna socatA hai ki kyA meM yahI cAhatA hai aura yaha soca kara usake AtmasammAna ko jo apane lie vaha rakhatA thA, use Thesa pahucatI hai / use uddiSTa kI nagnatA me apanA citra kAmuka dikhAyI detA hai aura prapanI kAmukatA ke citra ko dekhakara viparyastha ho jAtA hai| jainendra ke anusAra bhoktA kI sthiti me draSTA miTa jAtA hai, para draSTA jAgrata ho jAya to bhoktA kA Adhipatya samApta ho jAya / sunItA kI nagnatA ke darpaNa me hariprasanna apane hI kAmuka kapa kA draSTA bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra jainendra kI dRSTi meM prema apane-Apa meM hI prauSadhi he / zuddha prema me se svata hI usakA samAdhAna mila jAtA hai / yadi sunItA me itanA gaharA AtmavizvAsa na hotA, jisake sahAre vaha hariprasanna ke samakSa saccAI ko prakaTa kara sakI thI to sambhavata hariprasanna kA damita mana jina mArgoM se apanI tuSTi karatA, vaha sunItA ke satItva ko bhI apane me lapeTa letA, kintu satyatA jaba sahaja bana jAe taba samasyA uThane kI sambhAvanA nahI raha jAtI / prema kA samagra aura sahaja honA anivArya hai / prema : samagra aura sahaja jainendra ke anusAra prema kI pUrNatA vahI hai, jahA samagratA aura sahajatA hai| seksa ke prati jugupsA kA bhAva sAtvika Ananda kI sRSTi karane meM asamartha hotA hai / upanyAsa aura kahAniyo me dRSTigata saiksa ke prati yadi lekhaka me anAdara kA bhAva nahI hai, use hIna athavA tiraskRta nahI mAnA jA sakatA / 'grAmophona kA rikArDa' me lakSita kAma bhAva ke prati lekhaka me anAdara kA bhAva nahI hai / isalie use pApa athavA ghRNA kI dRSTi se nahI dekhA jA sktaa| pUrNa kahAnI me jo satya nizrata hai, use 'kAma' ke AdhAra para avahelanIya nahI samajhA jA sktaa| kahAnI kI vijayA ke prati lekhaka kI pUrNa sahAnubhUti hai| vijayA ke dvArA jo aghaTita ghaTita hotA hai, usame doSa nahI hai| strI hone ke nAte usame mAtRtva kI prabala AkAkSA hai kintu pati kI asamarthatA ke kAraNa usakA mana Andolita hotA rahatA hai / use apanA svatva bojha svarUpa pratIta hotA hai| aisI sthiti meM usake ghara Ane vAle vyakti ke prati jo AkarSaNa dRSTigata hotA hai, vaha svAbhAvika hI hai| kintu ghaDI kI 'Tanna' kI AvAja usakI cetanA ko jAgarUka kara detI hai aura vaha apane kie para prAyazcita karane ke lie pati ko chor3akara calI jAtI hai| pati se dUra rahakara vaha apane ko kaSTa hI detI hai| 1. gAkSAtkAra ke avagara para prApta vicAra /

Page #289
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana isa prakAra uparokta kahAnI me DhUDhane para bhI azlIlatA kI jhalaka nahI milatI / jo kucha bhI hai, saccAI me se hI hotA hai / jainendra ke anusAra azlIlatA zarIra ke sparza me na hokara vyakti kI bhAvanA meM nihita hotI hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me mana kA kucha hI bhAga hamArI samajhI jAne vAlI icchAo aura vAsanAo se juDA rahatA hai / adhika bhAga to usakA pIche grAtmA se kahA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra antata antara kI satyatA aura pIDA se hI udbhUta hotA hai / 284 antarbhUta pIDA jainendra ke sAhitya kA parama satya unake pAtro ke anta meM nihita pIDA athavA vyathA hI hai / unakI samasta ceSTAo ke mUla me unakI antazacetanA kA vega hI samAhita hai, jo hame jainendra ke sAhitya kI azlIlatA pratIta hotI hai, vaha pIDA kI pUjI se sahaja hI pAvana ho uThatI hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me pIDA kI gahanatA hI to he jo ghanIbhUta hotI huI jIvana ko snigdhatA aura prabhaviSNutA pradAna karatI he / bAhya rUpa me dRSTigata vAsanA to prANika hI hai, pUrNatA to grantas kI vyathA ke yoga se hI prApta hotI hai / vyathA, viraha kI hI upalabdhi hai / jainendra ke sAhitya meM prema pradhAna hai| prema prApti meM na hokara aprApti meM hI dRSTigata hotA hai / isalie jainendra svIkAra karate hai ki 'hara zrAdamI usakA hai, jisako vaha kabhI prApta nahI kara pAtA / yaha prema saghana hotehote apane AdhAra pradheya ko pratikramika kara jAtA hai arthAt vaiyaktika hokara hI nirvaiyaktika banA rahatA hai / ' jainendra ke sAhitya meM 'jIvana prAraNa kA mUla guraNa sukha aura zAnti nahI hai / vaha to becainI aura vyathA hai / " jainendra kI racanAo me yatra-tatra jaba kabhI trAsa dene kA bhAva dRSTigata hotA hai, to vaha kevala dekhane me hI AtA hai / eka ora se trAsa aura dUsarI ora se sahanazIlatA me virodha aura dUrI na hokara aura bhI saghanatA hotI hai / jainendra ke anusAra - 'jo jaisA dIkhatA hai vaisA nahI bhI hai yAnI kaSTa binA kisI ko iSTa nahI hai, jo isa prakAra kaSTa kara vyavahAra karatA hai vaha gaharI bebasI ke kAraNa / vaha vyavahAra ucita hai, sahana kA yaha matalaba nahI / Azaya itanA hI hai ki usa vyavahAra para hI kSamA praura karuNA kI vRtti hI sambhava nahI hai, sneha bhI sambhava hai aura vaha ucita bhI hai / " uparokta vicAro kI yathAtathya hame 'vivarta' meM prApta hotI 1 jainendra kumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 sa0 542 / 2. jainendra kumAra 'kAma, prema' aura parivAra, pR0 88 /

Page #290
jainendra aura satya hai| prema kI prApti ke abhAva me jitena kA vyavahAra itanA pratibiyAtmaka ho jAtA hai ki vaha apanI premikA bhuvanamohinI ke vaivAhika jIvana ke sukha ko dekhakara vyagyAtmaka bauchAre karane lagatA hai / isa prakAra vaha use coTa dekara apane bhItara kI jvAlA ko zAnta karatA hai / jitena ke dvArA hone vAlI samasta visphoTaka aura bhAntikArI prakriyA ekamAtra prema kI aprApti kA hI pariNAma hai| usake mUla me aprApti janita pIDA he / pIDita vyakti apane priya ko hI pratADita kara gakatA hai, isI me use satoSa hotA hai / jitena bhUvanamohinI ko jagala me le jAtA hai aura nirjana vana me jhopaDI me DAlakara usake sAtha bahuta hI barbaratApUrNa, amAnavIya vyavahAra karatA hai / kintu, badale me bhuvanamohinI usake caraNa chUne ke lie hI jhukatI hai| bhUvanamohinI ke prati jitena ke vyavahAra ko dekhakara yaha kahA jAtA hai ki 'kisI strI kA itanA apamAna nahI kiyA gayA, jitanA jainendra ne kiyA hai|' kintu jainendra isI sandarbha me apane vicAro ko spaSTa karate hue kahate hai-'ki strI ko maine itanI UcAI dI hai ki jo use trAsa de rahA hai, usake mUla ko vaha dekhatI hai, aura usake prati usame anukampA kA bhAva hai / anukampA ke bhAva se dravita hai 'jo itanA gaharA trAsa pA rahA hai, uge pAsapo se apanAyA jA sakatA hai|" pariNAmasvarUpa bhuvanamohinI jitena dvArA dI gaI yAtanA ko saharSa svIkAra karatI hai aura trAsa dene vAle kI vivazatA ko jAnakara usakA hRdaya kisI bhI prakAra kA pratikAra karane me samartha nahI ho pAtA / mohinI jitena ko prema aura sahAnubhUti detI hai / kintu jo vaha cAhatA hai, (bhoga) ume vaha nahI de pAtI / jainendra kI dRSTi me 'prema ko vaha (bhuvanamohanI) asvIkAra nahIM karatI, parantu dUsarI cIja (bhoga) ko avakANa nahI detI / usakA vyavahAra baDA dhudhAtmaka ho jAtA hai / rugNa ko mamatA detI hai, parantu uddhata ko protsAhana nahI detI / pariNAmata atRpta kA vyavahAra dhvasAtmaka dinAyI detA hai, kintu mUla me vyathA hai, aprema nahI / antima pariNati prema aura samarpaNa me hI hotI hai, jo kucha hotA hai ajJAta rUpa se hotA hai, isIlie jitena kahatA hai-''"jahara mujhame thA saba to yahI jAnate the ki vaha AjAdI kA, krAnti kA, vizva kI zAnti kA kAma kara rahe haiN| yaha maiMne unheM batAyA thA lekina bhItara maiM hI yaha khuda nahI jAnatA thA ve loga yaha jAnate the aura mAnate the| maiM jAnatA bhI nahI thA, mAnatA bhI nahI thA / apane zabda se maiM alaga thaa|' spaSTa hai ki jitena me jo kucha dikhAI detA hai vaha 1 jainendra se sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para prApta vicAra / 2. sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para prApta vicAra /

Page #291
286 jainendra kA jovana-darzana satya nahI hai / usake dala ke loga use netA samajhate the kintu usake mana ke jahara ko koI nahI jAnatA thA, jo saca thaa| phira asat ghaTita hotA hai, vaha kyo? yahI prazna usake antas ko jhakajhoratA rahatA hai / jitena koTharI kI nagI ITa kI pharza bhuvanamohinI ko sone ke lie detA hai, kambala kA aoDhana ora bichAvana detA hai / parantu vaha yaha nahI jAnatA ki yaha saba saca nahI thA, tabhI to usake mana me prazna uThatA hai ki 'nahI hI kaise ho jAtA hai / ' vyakti zaitAna kaise bana jAtA hai / saba ke mUla me kucha aura hI hai, kisake kAraNa atizaya prema ke prati bhI bAhya rUpa me ghRNA dikhAyI detI hai| kintu ghRNA satya nahI hai satya to apane mana kI saccAI ko prakaTa karane me hai / antata jitena kI dRSTi me jo sat hai, vaha samarpaNa me hI hai / jela me rahakara hI vaha apanI aha se mukti prApta kara pAtA hai aura apanI saccAI ko bhuvanamohanI ke samakSa prakaTa kara detA hai| mohinI prArambha se hI saccAI se avagata rahatI hai, isIlie usake vyavahAra me sahAnubhUti hI jhalakatI hai, tiraskAra kA bhAva nahI A paataa| vaha jAnatI hai ki buddhi ke bala se saca ko dabAyA nahI jA sktaa| damana me jhUTha hI jhalakatA hai / satya sneha hai| usakI dRSTi me sneha nAte khojatA hai / isakA, usakA, sabakA use saga cAhie / vaha apane me nahI hai, anya me hokara hI hai| saba sambandha anta me bandhana hI to hai / sneha una bandhano ko racatA aura phailAtA hai| inhI tAro se vaha hame yahA bAdhatA hai ki ekAkI hokara hama sUkha na jAya / kintu satya aura sneha kA yoga bahuta kaThina hai, para satya vahI hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me sneha vyakti kA jIvana hai, to satya usakA jIvya hai / vyakti ke bhItara kA aparUpa aura dvandva kadarpa bAhara prakaTa hone ke lie hai / damana me sahajatA nahI hai / jo sahajatA me hai, satyatA me hai, vaha sAvadhAnatA aura caturatA me nahI hai| paraspara kI upalabdhi nahI ho pAtI, baddhi ke prAgalbha se / hRdaya ke anudAna se vaha sahaja hotI hai| ___ 'jayavardhana me bhI satya tala me hI rahatA hai, abhivyakti me nahI A paataa| jaya kA jIvana jo rAjanIti me dRSTigata hotA hai, vahI satya nahI hai, satya usase pare hai / ilA jaya ke sambandha me kahatI hai-'loga rAjanIti meM unhe jAne vaha jAnanA nahI hai| vaha sataha kA hai aura bAharI hai..|' ilA ke antas kI pIDA bAhya rUpa me prakaTa nahI ho pAtI / vaha apane jIvana me jaya ko kartavya kI ora unmukha hote hue hI dekhatI hai kintu usakI vyathA usake hara zabda me 1 jainendra kumAra vivrt'| 2 jainendra kumAra 'vivarta', pa0 sa0 157 /

Page #292
jainendra pAra gatya 287 phuTI paDatI hai vaha kahatI he---bIsa gAla ho gae hai, zAyada adhika...AkhegerI uThI he aura sAmane kI Akho me maine cAha cInhI hai / para taba bhI Akhe muda gayI hai aura mudI rahI hai / ugaliyo ke poro me lAlamA lahakI dikhI hai, ki ve aba bhegii| lekina nahI, nAma ke nApa meM unhe apanI hI ora se liyA gayA hai|...isii taraha eka dina, do dina, tIna dina.. hara dina agale ke intajAra meM bItatA gayA hai, para kucha nahI huA hai aura paccIga varSa ho gae hai...para AzA TUTatI ..zAyada hI ki baz2a pighale / ..' ilA kA pratyeka zabda nArI hRdaya kI uga pIlA kI abhivyakti me samarNa hai, jisame varSoM kI pyArA chipI he aura nArI kI sabase baDI kAmanA mAtRtva kI cAha bhI to ho sakatI hai| ilA jaya ke nikAra rahate hue bhI viraha kI vedanA ko sahana karane meM hI apanI kRtArthatA samajhatI hai| usake bhItara abhAvajanya eka gahana pIDA kI siskana banI rahatI hai| urAka antas me prema hai / isa kAraNa vaha viyoga sahane meM bhI samartha hotI hai| yadi prema hI sabhava na hotA to usake vyaktitva me itanI gaharAI nahI A sakatI thii| jainendra ne eka gthala para svIkAra kiyA hai ki abhyantara meM yadi svIkRti ho, to.. taba bAharI viyoga kA bhAra uThAnA kaThina nahI hotA, balki salle priya hI ho jAtA hai|.. prema svaya apanI vyathA sahanA mikhAtA hai|' viraha me mahanazakti hI prema ko jIvanta banAe rakhatI hai| jainandra ke sAhitya meM nArI pAtro kI sahanazakti kA advitIya rUpa prApta hotA hai| 'tyAgapana' kI mRNAla aura 'kalyANa' me kalyANI kA jIvana mAno pIDA kI gAkAra pratimUti hI hai| kalyANI kA vyaktitva Arambha se hI itanA ulajhA hA hai ki gatyatA prayatnapUrvaka bhI grAhya nahIM ho pAtI kAraNa, prema kI pIDA unake antas me itanI gaharAI se bidhI huI hai ki vaha kisI kSaNa bhI usameM mukA nahIM ho pAtI / vaha jAnatI hai ki usake jIvana me kucha anavAhA ghaTita ho gayA hai, jo usake bhItara kI zAnti ko bhaga kie rahatA hai| kalyANI dvArA likhe gae eka lekha meM usake antardvandva kI pUrNAbhivyakti hotI hai / vaha prema ko sarvasva mAnatI hai kintu prema kI mahattA prApti me nahI hai / vaha kahatI he 'prIti itanI rIti hai bhAratI, prasAda hai usakA viyoga / '5 'gavAra' kahAnI meM bhI isI zakti kI abhivyakti huI hai|' jainendra kI mAnyatA hai ki 1. jainendra kumAra , 'jayavardhana', pR0 133 / 2 jainendrakumAra . 'kalyANI', pR0 82 / 3. jainendrakumAra : janendra kI kahAniyAM', bhAga 6, pR0 205 / 'vaha prema bhayAvaha hai jisameM prabhAva nahI, tRpti hai,-vaha tabhI ghRNya ho uThatA hai|'

Page #293
288 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana unakI bhItara kI usa prANo kI preraNA pAte rahane ke kAraNa vaha kArya bAharI AkAkSAo se malina na hogA aura isa taraha ulajhana paidA karane ke bajAya usako kaattegaa| ___ 'mAsTara jI' kahAnI ke mUla me eka gaharA prabhAva he jo nokara ke sAnnidhya kI ora AkarSita hotA he / mAsTara kI patnI kA yaha vyavahAra prAkRtika aura manovaijJAnika hI hai, use doSI nahI ThaharAyA jA sakatA / strI me sadaiva mAtRtva tathA trAsa pAne kI prabala AkAkSA hotI hai| kintu trAsa ke badale meM milane vAle mAna meM vaha apamAna kA anubhava karatI hai jisa prema meM 'cAha kI dhAra' na ho use vaha apamAna hI samajhatI hai / usake mana me apane hI prazno ko lekara eka Andolana-sA utpanna hotA hai aura vaha ghara ke uddhata aura javAba dene vAle naukara se jhIka kara bhI bhItara hI bhItara garva kA anubhava karatI he . isa naukara ko lekara aha ko tRpti milatI hai use kucha apanI sArthakatA anubhava hotI hai| mAsTarAnI naukara ke sAtha ghara choDakara calI jAtI hai| patnI ke viyoga me mAsTara jI kI pIDA-marma ko jhakajhora DAlatI hai| usakA sAtvika prema aura vizvAsa satya se anabhijJa hotA hai / mAsTarAnI dIvAlI kI rAta ko lauTa AtI hai aura apane prati pati ke prema ko dekhakara usakA hRdaya kacoTa uThatA hai| vastuta usakI kriyA aura pratikriyA dono hI svAbhAvika hai| niSkarSata yaha akATya satya hai ki prema me athavA prema ko lekara pApa-puNya kA bheda Tika nahI paataa| sAre naitika mAnadaNDa prema ke samakSa arthahIna siddha hote hai| sAhityAdarza satya kI svIkRti __jainendra ke sAhitya kA Adarza satya kI svIkRti me hI pUrNa hotA hai| jainendra kI dRSTi meM 'satya baDI cIja hai / usase bar3A dharma nahI hai| niSpApa to koI ho nahI sakatA hai| apane sAtha ImAnadArI baratane se Age AdamI kA vaza nahI hai|' isa prakAra satya kI svIkRti me bhItarI kutsA aura jugupsA kA bhAva nahI A pAtA / unakI dRSTi meM saca maryAdA meM nahI paataa| Upara se lAdI huI naitikatA bAhya rUpa me Adarza to pratIta hotI hai para usakA astitva nirjIvatA ke sAtha hI sambhava hotA hai aura aise naitikatA prApta samAja ke andara 1 jainendrakumAra 'kalyANI', pR0 sa0 82 / 2 jainendrakumAra jainendra kI kahAniyA', bhAga 4, pR0 17 / 3 jainendrakumAra 'muktibodha', pR0 sa0 28 /

Page #294
janendra prora gatya 286 pApa kA mala ora gaDAdha rahatI hai|' satya jagata-sApekSa bastuta gatya kI upalabdhi jIvana aura jagata kI svIkAratA me hI rAmbhava ho sakatI hai| vyAvahArika athavA sthUla zakti ko prApti ke lie dvaita kA bhAva anivArya hai| 'sva', 'para' ke do taTo ke madhya hI jIvana kI sArthakatA hai / sasAra meM dura jAkara rahane ma sva-malakA bhAva kI puSTi hotI hai| 'para' kI nahI, kintu 'sva', 'para' ke prabhAva meM sva kendrita hokara vistArazUnya ho jAtA hai| jainendra kA vizvAsa hai ki zarIra rahate asAgArika hone kI AzA anAvazyaka hai| 'samAra yadi bhagavAna kA he to sAsArika honA bhagavadroha kyo ? yadi bhagavAna nahI hai to phira samAra hI nhii| isalie sarAAra aura bhagavAna ko virodha kI bhASA dekara TakarAne se koI lAbha nahI diikhtaa|' manendagAra, 'agavana', pR. 77 / 2. jainendrakumAra : 'kAma, prema aura parivAra', pR0 saM0 36 /

Page #295
pariccheda-10 jainendra : jIvana kA saMzleSaNAtmaka dRSTikoNa darzana akhaNDatA bodhaka jainendra kA sAhitya dArzanikatA se anuprANita hai / unakI sAhityika prakriyA jIvana ke sazliSTa rUpa kA hI pratinidhitva karatI hai / 'darzana' kA artha hI hai 'dekhanA' / kintu dArzanika dRSTi tathA sAmAnya dRSTi me antara hai| sAmAnyarUpa se vyakti vastu yA sthiti ke sthUla aura Azika rUpa ko dekhakara hI santuSTa ho jAtA hai| usakI dRSTi pratyakSa ko hI dekhatI hai, usake pAra dekhane kI kSamatA usame nahI hotI / kintu dArzanika dRSTi hI nahIM, varan sUkSma draSTA bhI hotA hai| usakI dRSTi sampUrNa ko dekhatI hai / deza aura kAla kI sImA usake lie koI mahatva nahI rkhtii| vaha kAlabaddha cetanA se Upara uThane ke lie prayatnazIla hotA hai| itihAsa kA satya kAla me tadgata hotA hai / arthazAstra, rAjanIti, manovijJAna Adi vibhinna zAstra jIvana ke viziSTa pakSa para hI prakAza DAlane me samartha hai / apane kSetra me hI unakI pUrNatA lakSita ho sakatI hai| vividha zAstra mAno sampUrNa zarIra ke agarUpa hai / aga kA mahatva hai, kintu eka-dUsare kA astitva sApekSatA me hI svIkArya ho sakatA hai| mAnava jIvana kI akhaNDatA kA bodha karAne vAlA ekamAtra darzana zAstra hI hai / darzana zAstra kA kArya jIvana, jIvana ke viziSTa pakSa para dRSTipAta karanA nahIM hai, usakA lakSya to jIvana ko samagra rUpa meM dekhanA hai / dArzanika mAnava jIvana kI atala gaharAI me jhAkakara satya

Page #296
jainendra jIvana kA sazleSaNAtmaka dRSTikoNa 261 kI abhivyakti kA prayAsa karatA hai / vaha gaharAI meM jAtA huA bhI sazliSTatA kA hI samarthaka hotA hai| vyakti kI Atmagata satyatA kA bodha prApta karane ke lie satya ko gaharAI se jAnane ke lie zarIra kA vizleSaNa nahI karanA paDatA / dArzanika satya ke bodha ke lie buddhi se adhika sambuddhi kA sahArA letA hai| darzana dvArA jIvana ko AdhyAtmika dRSTi prApta hotI hai / AdhyAtmika dRSTi AsthAparaka hai| prAsthA vizleSaNa kI ora na jAkara sazleSaNa kI ora unmukha hotI hai| vijJAna : vizleSaNAtmaka ___Adhunika yuga vijJAna kA yuga hai / mAnava jIvana kA aisA koI bhI kSetra nahI hai, jo ki vijJAna ke prabhAva se vacita ho / sAhitya, samAja, artha, dharma aura rAjanIti Adi vibhinna kSetro me vijJAna kA prabhAva spaSTata lakSita hotA hai / vaijJAnika anveSaka aura vicAraka satya kI khoja me vastu kI taha para taha kholate cale jAte hai| apanI ananta jijJAsA me ve sadaiva tRSita hI rahate hai, kyoki bauddhika jijJAsU vizvAsa ke dvArA kisI sthiti para ThaharatA nahI hai, varana tarka ke sahAre sthUla se sUkSma aura sUkSmatara aura sUkSmatama kI ora bar3hatA jAtA hai| vaijJAnika satya ko khaNDa-khaNDa meM vibhAjita karake dekhane kI prakriyA apanAtA hai, kintu dArzanika akhaNDatA aura avibhAjyatA me satya ko dekhane kA prayatna karatA hai| vaijJAnika upakaraNo dvArA jIvana adhikAdhika suvidhAmaya hotA jA rahA hai| kintu bAhya jIvana kI suvidhAe AtmA ko paritRpta nahI kara sktii| sAhitya, vijJAna aura darzana ke madhya kI vaha kaDI hai jo mAnava jIvana ko vyAvahArika dRSTi pradAna karane meM samartha hai / darzana kI samagra dRSTi kA prarUpaNa sAhitya ke dharAtala para hI sambhava hotA hai / sAhitya mAnava jIvana kI samagratA kA vyavahArika pahalU hai| jainendra kA saMzleSaNAtmaka dRSTikoNa jainendra kI jIvanadRSTi unake sAhitya me pUrNataH parilakSita hotI hai / sAhitya lekhaka ke vicAro kA hI pratibimba hai| jainendra ke sAhitya kI aikyAnubhUti unake vicAro kI sazliSTatA kI hI paricAyaka hai / unake sAhitya me jIvana kI AdhyAtmika pRSThabhUmi, manovaijJAnika dRSTi, sAhityaka vicAra aura bhAvagata cetanA ke mUla meM akhaMDatA athavA advaitA ke hI darzana hote hai / unake sAhitya kI AtmA vyaSTi aura samaSTi, ahaMtA aura bhagavattA, cetana aura acetana, yathArtha vA Adarza tathA prAdhyAtma aura bhautikatA ke aikya kA pUrNa nidarzana prApta

Page #297
262 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana hotA hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me bheda athavA dvaita, bAhya aura indriyagata hai, kintu indriyA mArga hai, gantavya athavA majila nahI hai / mArga kI dvaitatA satya nahI hai, satya to majila hai, jahA pahucanA hai / dvaita yathArtha aura jAgatika satya hote hue bhI sUkSma satya nahI hai| sArvabhauma dRSTi se akhaNDatA hI ekamAtra satya hai / jainendra ke sAhitya kA uddezya eka ke niSedha dvArA anya ko svIkAra karanA nahI hai| unake sAhitya me eka aura aneka ke pArthakya ko miTAte hue parasparatA para bhI bala diyA gayA hai / advaita tathA aivaya kI prApti kA ekamAtra AdhAra prema hai / prema anta prasUta tathya hai, ataeva aikyAnubhUti bhI prAtmaprasUta hI hai| aAntarika ekatA kA svarUpa sahaja aura sthAyI hotA hai| Upara se lAdI huI ekatA me parasparatA aura AtmatA kI sahajAbhivyakti sambhava nahI hotii| nAnA matavAda vivAdamUlaka hI hai, kintu satya vAda-vivAda se Upara aikya me hI samAviSTa hai| advaita carcA kA viSaya nahI jainendra kI dRSTi me dvaita me se hI jJAna-vijJAna kI pragati hotI hai / sabhyatA bhedamUlaka hai, satya abheda-mUlaka / unakI dRSTi me jIvana kI sArI bhASA arthAt dvandva dvaita me hI sambhava hai / jainendra ke anusAra advaita carcA kA viSaya nahI hai| advaita ke taTa para buddhi ko to pahucA hI nahI sakate / isalie ve advaita ko usa bhUmikA ke taura para rahane denA cAhate hai, jisa para saba sambhava banatA hai| advaita garbhita hI hai| unake vicAra me jisa prakAra jisa dharatI para hama baiThe hai, vaha carcA kA viSaya nahI bntii| usI prakAra advaita mUlAdhAra hai, vaha vAda-vivAda kA viSaya nahI bntii|' unakI dRSTi me advaita para pahucanA nahI hotA kyoki jIvana ananta yAtrA hai / jAnane ke prayatna me vyakti kA abhimata pramukha hotA hai, satya gauraNa / satya sazliSTa hai, ataeva jainendra jAnane ke sazliSTarUpa kI satya me gujAiza nahI mAnate / unakI dRSTi se satya sazliSTa aura abheda hai, use jAnA bhI nahI jA sktaa| dvaita se advaita kI ora jIvana kA satya akhaNDa hai, kintu vyAvahArika jIvana dvaitAzrita hai| vyAvahArikatA, prema, anukampA yAnI ahisAmUlaka hai / jIvana kI sakriyatA prema, dayA, pyAra, sahAnubhUti Adi ke sandarbha me hI ghaTita hotI hai / jainendra kI dRSTi 1 janendra se sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para prApta vicAra /

Page #298
jainendra jIvana kA sazleSaNAtmaka dRSTikoNa 263 me dvaita ke kAraNa hI to jIvana me gati AtI hai / advaita kriyAzUnya hai / strIpuruSa kA dvaita sRSTi kA AdhAra hai / 'sva' 'para' kA bheda lekara sRSTi kA vikAsa sambhava hotA hai / tathApi dvaita madhya kI sthiti hai, anta nahI hai / jainendra ke sAhitya kA avagAhana karane se vidita hotA hai ki jIvana kI dhArA do taTo ke madhya pravAhita hotI hai / parantu taTo kA dvaita hI satya nahI hai / atima sthiti advaita meM hI prApta hotI hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me isa satya kI spaSTa abhivyakti prApta hotI hai| 'jayavardhana' me satya kA sazliSTarUpa spaSTata daSTigata hotA hai| jIvana akhaNDa . ikAI ___ jIvana sazlepaNa kA tAtparya jIvana kI samagratA kA bodha karAnA hai / jainendra ke anusAra satya kA svarUpa kATa-chATa ke mArga se kahI bhI upalabdha nahI ho sakatA / unhone apane sAhitya me samagra jIvana kI abhivyakti kI hai| samagratA meM bhalAI aura burAI, mahAnatA aura tucchatA, Adarza aura yathArtha sabhI samAviSTa hai / jIvana kI vaha abhivyakti saccI nahI hai, jo kucha ko chor3atI aura kucha ko apanAtI hai| unakA yaha daSTikoNa pUrNata satya pratIta hotA hai, kyo ki jisa prakAra 24 ghaNTe kA dina pUrI ikAI hai / yadi sUrya ke prakAza meM dina ko hama apane lie upAdeya mAne aura rAtrI ke adhere ko tiraskRta kara de, to aisA sambhava nahI ho sakatA / dina kI pUrNatA me rAtri aura dina gabhita hai| isa dRSTi se jainendra ke sAhitya me abhivyakta vyaktitva kI pUrNatA sahaja aura satya hai / unhe cAhe hama carcA me le athavA na le kintu unakA astitva nahI miTa sakatA / jIvana pUrNa ikAI hai, usake kucha azo ke satkAra aura kucha ke tiraskAra dvArA tiraskRta vastu yA vyakti kA niSedha hI sambhava ho sakatA hai| jainendra meM jo kucha bhI dRSTigata hotA hai, vaha satya ke kAraNa hI hai / jainendra ke anusAra satya se bahirgata kucha bhI nahI hai / hone me hI sat kA bhAva samAhita hai| kAla-khaNDa jainendra ke sAhitya meM eka mAtra akhaNDa satya kI svIkRti para hI bala diyA gayA hai| deza aura kAla mAnava nirmita kisI parimita AyAma se paribaddha nahI hai| kAla ananta hai / bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya sabhI usakI anantatA meM samAhita haiN| bAhya rUpa meM suvidhA hetu dikhAyI dene vAlI kAlagata sImA zAzvata nahI hai / bIte kSaNa aura bhAvI kSaNa ke bIca koI vibhAjana-rekhA nahI

Page #299
264 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana hai / ' jainendra kI dRSTi me hara bItA huA kSaraNa bhI purAnA hai aura Ane vAlA kSaraNa navIna hai / jIvana kA satya kAla se baMdhA huA nahI hai, vaha to sarvakAla vyApI hai / unakI dRSTi me kAla se tadgata hokara calane vAlA sAhitya zAzvata aura 'sanAtana nahI ho sktaa|' isIlie ve sAhitya ke sambandha me naye purAne athavA Adhunika aura prAcIna ke bheda ko svIkAra karane ke pakSa me nahI hai / kyoki kAla kI anantatA me kucha bhI nayA purAnA nahI hai / sthUla rUpa se dRSTigata hone vAlI ghaTanA hI purAnI hotI hai, usame vyApta satya sadaiva eka hI rahatA hai / sAhitya kA Adarza ghaTanA ke mAdhyama se satya ko hI udghATita karanA hai / jainendra ke sAhitya kAlakhaNDa se Upara uThane kA bhAva lakSita hotA hai / unake pAtra yathArtha se jaDita nahI hai / bhAvI jIvana kI kalpanA para hI jIvanazakti graharaNa karate hai / sAhityakAra draSTA ke sadRzya bhAvI sambhAvanAo para apane kathAsUtro ko vikasita karatA hai / sAhitya - prakriyA itihAsa ke sadRza kAla ke nizcita AyAma me paribaddha nahI hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me jo hame prayathArtha pratIta hotA hai vaha prayathArtha na hokara sambhAvita bhI hai / sAhityakAra hajAro varSoM kI bItI ghaTanA ko athavA bhAvI parikalpanA ko apane sAhitya me pratiSThita kara sakatA hai| jainendra kI 'nIlama pradeza kI rAjakanyA' me mAnavIya anubhUti aura savedanA ke sasparza se hajAro varSa pUrva kA jIvana vartamAna kI pIThikA para citrita hone meM samartha ho sakA hai / ' dina, mAha, varSa Adi hamArI parikalpanAe hai / anyathA kAla kA bodha kSaraNa kI anubhUti me hI hotA hai / jainendra ke sAhitya kA avalokana karane se yaha vidita hotA hai ki kAla kI gaNanA mAnava nirmita tathya hai / vizvAtmA ke nikaTa vaha pala ke samAna hai / 'jaise hama parakAra paimAne se brahmANDa khIcate hai, vaise itihAsa se kAla gherate hai, para samaya anubhUti me hai, cetanA se vilaga vaha saccAI nahI / " 1 'mai kAla ko vibhakta karake pakaDane ke khilApha hU / jo loga aisA karate hai, ve satya ko jaDita karate hai / kAla to pravAhI hai / kAla ke taTa para satya abhivyakta hotA rahatA hai| isalie kAla kI amuka avadhi me sAhitya kI satyatA ko abhivyakta nahI kiyA jA sakatA - jainendrakumAra 'kahAnI anubhava aura zilpa / 2 ' vyakti kA jIvana jitanA yathArtha para nahI, utanA svapna para TikA hai / kahAnI, lekhaka kI ora itanA baDA yathArtha hai ki usame hajAro varSa kA jIvana jisake kAraNa bharapUra banA rahatA hai / - sAkSAtkAra ke avasara para prApta vicAra / 3 jainendrakumAra ' jayavardhana' pR0 sa0 72 /

Page #300
jainendra * jIvana kA sazleSaNAtmaka dRSTikoNa 265 vastuta kAla ko vibhAjita karake prApta hone vAlA satya sampUrNatA kA pratinidhitva nahI kara sktaa| deza : avibhAjya ___ kAla kI anantatA ke sadaza hI deza bhI avibhAjya hai pUrva aura pazcima kI sImA kA nirUpaNa mAnava nirmita hai / mUlata. samasta brahmANDa eka hai| isapara kahI se aisI koI rekhA nahI khicI jisake dvArA yaha jAnA jA sake ki amuka sthAna para eziyA athavA yorapa kI sImA samApta ho jAtI hai| jainendra ke sAhitya me isa tathya ko vizeSa rUpa se vivecita kiyA gayA hai / deza-videza kI sImAe vyavasthA kI dRSTi se hI upayukta hai, kintu jaba yahI sImA mAnavatA ke hita para kuThArAghAta karatI hai taba ghAtaka bana jAtI hai / vyakti mAnavIya guNo kA pratinidhitva na karake viziSTa deza athavA rASTra kA pratinidhi hotA hai / rASTra ke sAtha 'sva' aura 'para' kA bheda utpanna ho jAtA hai| 'sva', 'para' bheda dvandvAtmaka siddha hote hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me 'rAjya kI hadabadI...mAno sahAnubhUti ke prakaTa sUtro ko kATe-toDe binA nahI hotI una sImA-rekhAo ke ArapAra ke sambandha sahaja mAnavIya nahI raha jAte, rASTrIya ke nAma para viSama sadigdha bana jAte hai / ataeva unake sAhitya meM rAjya se para carcA karate hue bhI vyakti kI akhaNDatA aura abhagatA ke mUlyo kA nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jainendra ke anusAra jo brahmANDa me hai vahI piDa me hai / ata rASTra aura mAnava-hita meM atara nahI hai| mAnava nIti para AdhArita rAjanIti hI aikyamUlaka ho sakatI hai, anyathA rAjanIti kA kArya to bheda-nIti para hI calatA hai / jainendra ke uparokta Adarza kI jhalaka 'jayavardhana' me spaSTata dRSTigata hotI hai| jaya kI dRSTi meM pUrva aura pazcima do nahI hai| uname nAmagata bheda kevala sUcakamAtra hai, anyathA donoM eka hai| vilavara hUsTana ke samakSa bhAratIya rAjanIti ke prAdarza ko prastuta karatA huA jaya kahatA hai-'tuma mujhe pUrva kA kahate ho, pazcima kyo mujhase alaga hai ? pazcima kA yaha mAnanA hI usakA doSa hai |...puurv pazcima saketa bhara hai, sajJA nahI hai / jaya duniyAM me jhAkanA nahIM cAhatA vaha to pArasparika prema ko hI mahatvapUrNa mAnatA hai| usakI dRSTi me mAnava kA pakSa hI vizva kA pakSa hai / jainendra kI dRSTi meM nakze para khiMcI rekhAe satya nahIM hai, satya to prema hai jo ki deza aura kAla kI sImA ko pAra karatA 1. jainendrakumAra : 'rASTra aura rAjya', pR0 sa0 34 / 2 jainendrakamAra * 'jayavardhana', pR0 sa0 16 /

Page #301
266 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana huA bhI sthAyI rahatA hai / jainendra ke upanyAsa aura kahAnI ke pAtro ke jIvana me mAnavIya sambandho kI ekatA para hI bala diyA gayA he / vastuta deza aura kAlagata avibhAjyatA dvArA jainendra ne apane sAhitya meM mAnava sambandho kI parasparatA para hI vizeSata bala diyA hai| deza-videza kI sImA sambandha ko sakIrNa banA detI hai kintu sAhitya kI vyApaka bhUmi para bhaugolika rekhAe mAnya nahI ho sakatI / vibhAjana kI rekhA dvandvamUlaka hai, kyoki pratyeka rASTra apanI pragati aura hita ke lobha me dUsare rASTro ke svArtha para prAghAta karane me sakoca nahI karate, kintu parasparatA kI bhAvanA samasta mAnavatA ko eka aise sUtra me bAdha detI hai, jisase ve sthUlata vilaga hote hue bhI mUlata eka hI rahate hai / aikya-bodha graha visarjana jainendra kI dRSTi meM vyakti kA jIvana rAjanIti, dharma, samAja, artha-nIti prAdi kI samaSTi hai / mAnava jIvana santulana aura samanvaya para hI AdhA rita hai / unake sAhitya me vyakti kI ghaTanAe vividha pariprekSo meM ghaTita hotI hai, tathApi unake mUla me AtmonmukhatA kI pravRtti vizeSata dRSTigata hotI hai / vividhatA ke mUla meM ekatA kI pratiSThApanA hI jainendra ke sAhitya kA pramukha Adarza hai / anekatA grahamUlaka hai, ekatA brahmamUlaka / graha arthAt jIva brahma kA hI praza hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me 'maiM' kI cetanA jAgrata hote hI brahma, jIva me pArthakya pratIta hone lagatA hai / 'maiM' bhAva jitanA svakendrita hotA hai, utanA hI usame para ke niSedha kA bhAva utpanna hotA hai / jainendra kA Adarza 'sva' para ke madhya parasparatA kA bhAva utpanna karanA hai / vyaSTi kA kartavya samaSTi kI ora unmukha honA hai / jainendra prabhAva ko damita karane ke pakSa meM nahI hai / unakI dRSTi me ahatA yadi bhagavattA meM lIna ho jAya to dvandva kA prazna hI nahI uThatA, kyoki mUlata graha ke mUla me sthita zrAtmatA aura bhagavattA ke madhya koI antara nahI hai / yadyapi jIva me Izvara ke guraNa pratyakSa rUpa se dikhAI nahI dete tathApi jainendra ke anusAra yadi kisI vyakti ke vyaktitva ke guraNa yadi usake praga-pratyaga me dekhane kI ceSTA kI jAya to nirAzA hI hogI / isIlie jainendra spaSTata svIkAra karate hai ki yadi dikhane vAle jagata me Izvara na dikhAI de to ghabaDAne kI AvazyakatA nahI hai / zarIra jaDa hai, aga-pratyaga bhI as ke sUcaka hai / bhAva cetanAyukta hai / ataeva sampUrNa satya aza me garbhita to hotA hai kintu viccheda dvArA usakI prApti nahI ho sakatI / satya kI pratIti hI sabhava hotI hai / graha visarjana ke dvArA hI 'bhagavatbhAva' arthAt samagra zakti kA

Page #302
jainendra jIvana kA sazleSaNAtmaka dRSTikoNa 267 anubhava ho sakatA hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me-'jIva kA astitva apane me adhUrA hai, hamame eka-dUsare aura phira zeSa kI AvazyakatA me rahatA hai / isalie saba jIvAtmA kA jo akhaNDa cinmaya srota hai, dambha-vahI hai| aisA mAnakara hamArA jIvana khaNDita hone ke bajAya akhaNDa hotA hai|' arddhanArIzvara * addhata bodhaka ___ jainendra kI dRSTi me ahatA athavA 'mai' kA sarvAdhika vigalana kAma ke mArga se hI sambhava hotA hai| strI-puruSa svaya me apUrNa hai| eka-dUsare kI prApti ke dvArA hI pUrNa ho sakate hai| ardhanArIzvara kI parikalpanA dvArA zAstro me nara-nArI kI pUrNatA kI ora bhI igita kiyA gayA hai| mAnava jIvana kI sazliSTatA strI aura puruSa ke paraspara sAnnidhya dvArA hI sambhava ho sakatI hai| prema kI cumbakIya zakti ke dvArA strI-puruSa parasparatA ke dvArA ahazUnya hote hae bhagavattA meM vilIna hone kA prayAsa karate hai| prema kI pUrNatA ke lie AtmA aura zarIra dono kA yoga anivArya hai| prema me zarIra kA niSedha nahI hai, kintu zarIra ko lekara hI prema pUrNa nahI hotA / 'yAmAdipiTa' meM bhI isa satya kI ora igita kiyA gayA hai| usame eka sthala para svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki 'prema ? prema yaha do bhinna dhArApro ke, do hRdoM ke, AtmAno ke, do vyaktiyo ke milakara eka ho jAne kA nAma hai| sirpha zarIro kA sayoga nahIM hai|' ataeva vyakti ke jIvana kA uddezya dvaita ko utsarga dvArA advaitatA kI ora unmukha karanA hai| mAnasika saracanA : prakhaNDa jainendra ne strI-puruSa ke aikya' para bala dete hue unakI anta prakRti aura vAhya pariveza para prakAza DAlA hai / vyakti kA vyaktitva anta aura bAhya kI samaSTi hai| bAhya-pariveza kI dvandvAtmaka sthitiyo ke citraNa dvArA jIvana kI samagratA kA bodha kadApi nahI ho.sktaa| jainendra ne anta.prakRti ke bodha ke lie vyAvahA 1. prema eka jabardasta prabala bhAvanA hai| vizvavyApta, vaisI hI zaktimAna / sAtha bistara para rahanA hI prema nahI hai, luI vaisA prema hama dono me nahI hai yadi vaha AyegA to mere tumhAre lie paraspara svarga upasthita ho AegA / ' ---'yAmAdipiTa' alekjeNDara kyuprina, anu0 jainendra kumAra, 1658, dillI pR0 sa0 265 /

Page #303
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana rika manovijJAna kA Azraya liyA hai| unakA manovaijJAnika vivecana kI vizleSaraNAtmaka praNAlI para AdhArita nahI hai / unakA manovaijJAnika vivecana adhyA tmamUlaka hai / manovizleSaNavAdI manovijJAnika mana kI zaktiyo ko cetanaacetana Adi khaNDo meM vibhAjita karake samajhane kA prayAsa karate hai / manovijJAna dvArA damita vikAro kA hI prakaTIkaraNa hotA hai, kintu vyakti kI ata cetanA aura bAhya cetanA ko AtmonmukhatA kI ora prerita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra prata aura bAhya prakRti eka aisI avicchinna kaDI se sambaddha hai ki usame pArthakya kA prazna hI nahI uThatA / jainendra kA uddezya manovizleSaNa dvArA ata prakRti ko udhAra kara rakha denA nahI hai varan prakRti ke mUla me satya kI abhivyakti karanA hai / manovizleSaNavAdI vicAro ke viruddha unakI mAnyatA hai ki -- buddhi ke tIkhe nakho se pAtra ke mana kI cIraphADa se kalA kI chIchAledara kI jA sakatI hai / aisI kalA se tAtparya -- siddhi to nahI hotI / anavaya-samanavaya me sArthaka hai aura vizleSaNa yadi sArthaka hai to tabhI jaba vaha kucha sazliSTa bhAva utpanna karane meM sambhava ho / vastuta jainendra ke sAhitya me vizleSaNa hI nahI hai, varan satya ko abhivyakta karane kI utkaTa abhilASA bhI hai / satya sazliSTa hI hai / DA0 devarAja upAdhyAya ne jainendra ke upanyAso kA manovaijJAnika vivecana karate hue unake sazleSaNAtmaka rUpa para prakAza DAlA hai / unakI dRSTi me jainendra- kisI samasyA para vicAra karate samaya use paripAtrita sthiti se toDakara dekhanA nahI cAhate, use jIvana ke pravAha ke rUpa me gatimAna dekhate hai|" 268 jainendra kI dRSTi meM mAnava prakRti ke sadRza hI zarIragata prabhAva ke hetu rUpAkAra kI samagratA bhI anivArya hai sampUrNa zarIra hI saundaryagata prakarSaraNa ko utpanna karane meM sakSama ho sakatA hai / aga pratyaga ko china bhinna karake dekhane se samasta AkarSaNa vinaSTa ho jAtA hai / 'vijJAna' kahAnI me strI kI nApa-jokha karane se saundarya kI anviti hI nahI samApta hotI, varan usame hArdikatA bhI vinaSTa ho jAtI hai / kyoki vizleSaNa kI pravRtti cAhe, vaha kisI sandarbha me dRSTigata hotI ho, Atmagata hArdikatA kA bodha nahI karA sakatI / sAhitya kA uddezya prAtmika saundarya sRSTi kA bodha karAnA hai / 1 jainendrakumAra 'sAhitya kA zreya aura preya', pR0 183 / 2 To devarAja upAdhyAya 'jainendra ke upanyAso kA manovaijJAnika adhyayana', pra0 sa0, 1668, dillI, pR0 sa0 46 /

Page #304
jainendra jIvana kA saMzleSaNAtmaka dRSTikoNa 263 bhautika aura prAdhyAtmika aikya jainendra ne vyakti se itara bAhya pariveza ke citraNa me hI samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa ko hI apanAyA hai| bhautika aura AdhyAtmika jIvana ke madhya unhone ekatA sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| unhone sAhitya me vaijJAnika upakaraNo ke prati anAsthA nahI vyakta kI hai, unakI dRSTi me yadi vaijJAnika ahabhAva ko tyAga kara zraddhA aura prema dvArA apane gantavya kI ora agrasara ho to jIvana meM vinAza ke sthAna para pragati kA mArga khula jaaygaa| jainendra ne 'vaijJAnika adhyAtma' dvArA vijJAna aura adhyAtma kI ekatA kI ora igita kiyA hai| unakI dRSTi me bhautikavAda aura vijJAna ko 'pare pare' karanA AstikatA se inakAra karanA hai| kyoki ye dono bhI bhagavAna kI hI dena hai / ' unakA pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki vijJAna aura adhyAtma jaba paraspara sApekSa hokara ghulemilege, to usakA suphala yahI ho sakatA hai ki rASTro ke bIca parasparatA aura prIti bar3he, yuddho kI sambhAvanA kama ho aura eka vizva-saskRti kA vikAsa ho / '2 jainendra ne vijJAna aura adhyAtma ke saiddhAntika pahalU ko vyAvahArika jIvana meM sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / dhArmika dRSTi jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM AsthA aura parasparatA kA bhAva jAgrata karane meM sakSama hai| jainendra ke anusAra kevala bhAvanA me rahane vAlI dhArmika AsthA jIvana ke lie upayogI nahI ho sktii| dhana kI sArthakatA aura pUrNatA usakI sakriyatA me hI hai| yadi dhArmika bhAva se anuprANita hokara vyakti karmazIlatA kI ora unmukha ho to vijJAna aura adhyAtma kI dUrI svata ho vilIna ho jAya / mahAtmAgAdhI ke jIvana ko jainendra ne sazliSTa Adarza ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| unakI dRSTi me gAdhI kI mahAnatA kA rahasya yahI hai ki unhone bheda me se abheda ko aura jIvana vijJAna se adhyAtma vijJAna ko kSaNa ke lie vimukha aura vilaga nahI ho ne diyaa| jainendra kI dRSTi me bhautika aura Atmika dvaita advaitatA ekatA me arthAt ekatA meM vilIna hone ke lie hI hai| jainendra ne artha, rAjanIti Adi kSetro me dhArmika AsthA kA sanniveza karake hiMsA aura zoSaNa kA niSedha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| rAjanIti aura arthanIti ko mAnava nIti se sayukta karake unhone bhautika jIvana ko Atmika pRSThabhUmi pradAna karane kA Adarza prastuta kiyA hai / paripUrNa 1. jainendrakumAra . 'samaya aura hama' (upodghAta se), pR0 sa0 40 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama' (upodghAta se), pR0 sa0 40 / 3 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 sa0 122 /

Page #305
300 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana vyaktitva me hisA ke bhAva yA karma ke lie avakAza nahI rahatA / jainendra kI dRSTi me mAnava-vyaktitva kI akhaNDa yuktatA kaThoratA me nahI, varan komalatA me hI hai| unakA vizvAsa hai ki kaThoratA me se ekAgratA kI sAdhanA karane vAle tapasvI anta me TUTate hI hai| unakI ekAgratA prema kI snigdhatA ke abhAva me zuSka hokara TUTa jAtI hai / jainendra ke upanyAsa aura kahAniyo me aise vyaktiyo kI apUrNatA para anekAneka sthalo para varNana kiyA gayA hai| vyaktitva akhaNDa jainendra ke sAhitya me bAra-bAra vyaktitva kI samagratA para hI bala diyA gayA hai / kyoki unakI dRSTi me saccAI pUrNatA me hI hai / jhUTha ke Agraha dvArA saca banAne kA prayAsa nahI kiyA gayA hai / jahA aisI sthiti lakSita hotI hai, vahA Agraha atata parAbhUta hote hue dekhA jAtA hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me 'jindagI eka sAbata cIja hai usame khAne nahI hai, vibhAga nahI hai| vaha akhaNDa hai ora samagra hai| akhaNDatA meM bhI jIvana kI sArthakatA hai kintu akhaNDatA budvi dvArA agrAhya hai aura vyakti apane jJAna ke darpa ke kAraNa pUrNatA ko khaNDa-khaNDa me vibhAjita karake jAnane ke prayatna me lagA hI rahatA hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me satya me jAnatA kucha nahI hai, saba honA hai| yadi use jAnanA hI hotA to sambhavata vaha satya hI nahIM rhtaa| vibhAjana kI yaha prakriyA vaijJAnika kSetra me hI nahI parimita hotii| jainendra ke anusAra naitikatA vyakti-sApekSya hai| vyakti ke jIvana ko naitika aura anaitika ke AdhAra para ucca aura nimna staro me vibhAjita karake parakhA jAtA hai| hamAre zAstro me bhI vibhAjana kI yaha prakriyA spaSTata dRSTigata hotI hai| triguNAtmaka sRSTi kI carcA zrImadbhAgavatagItA me bhI milatI hai| guNo kI prakRti kA vizleSaNa karate hue yaha samajhanA ki satvaguNa pradhAna vyakti kA jIvana viSaya-vikAra se hIna hotA hai tathA tamoguNIvyakti me sAtvika guNo ke darzana nahI hote, nitAnta asvAbhAvika pratIta hotA hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me vyaktitva satya raja aura tama me vibhAjita nahI hai / ye tIno vyaktitva ke aise guNa hai jinhe vibhAjana-rekhA dvArA vibhAjita nahI kiyA jA sktaa| jainendra ne satya, raja aura tama ke rUpa kI baDI sundara abhivyakti kI hai| unakI dRSTi me tIno guNa jIvanarUpI majila ke tIna khaNDo 1 jainendra kumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 sa0 125 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 sa0 127 / 3 jainendra kumAra 'itastata', pR0 sa0 257 /

Page #306
jainendra jIvana kA sazleSaNAtmaka dRSTikoNa ke sadRza hai / isa prakAra jIvana tIna khaNDo me baTA hai| yadi tIno majilo ke bIca AvAgamana kI suvidhA na ho to pratyeka khaNDa apane me kaTA raha jAyagA / yaha sthiti nitAnta aprAkRtika hai| jainendra kI dRSTi me, 'makAna vaha tabhI kAma de sakatA hai, usame rahA-sahA jA sakatA hai, jaba una majilo me Apasa me AvAja AyI ho| eka jInA ho jo tIno ko joDatA ho eka mulAjima ho jo tIno kA khyAla aura intajAma rakhatA ho| jainendra ke anusAra timajile makAna kA saphala svAmI vahI ho sakegA, jo nIce kI majila kA dhyAna utanA hI rakha sake jitanA Upara vAlI kA rakhA jAya to jIvana sukhamaya aura sahaja ho sakatA hai| satva, raja, tamaH sazliSTa ___ gItA me ina tIno guNo kI sazliSTa abhivyakti hI huI hai / kRSNa arjuna ke samakSa upadeza dete hue batAte hai ki jisa kAla me draSTA tIno gurago ke sivAya anya kisI ko kartA nahI dekhatA hai, arthAt guNa hI me baratate hai, aisA dekhatA hai aura tIno guNo se pare saccidAnanda svarUpa mujha paramAtmA ko tatva se jAnatA hai, usa kAla me vaha puruSa mere svarUpa ko prApta hotA hai / isa prakAra guraNo me hI nivAsa hai, kintu vyakti kA svaya nirguNa honA hI sArthaka hai| jainendra ne gItA kI AdhyAtmika dRSTi ko jIvana ke vyAvahArika dharAtala para vivecita kiyA hai| guNo ke vaibhinya ke kAraNa vyaktitva khaNDita nahI hotA, varan guNa se tadgata hokara vaha pUrNa hI hotA hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me AtmA na satoguNI hai na tamoguNI / vaha sabake Upara hai| ___ mAnava-vyaktitva kI pUrNatA uparokta tIno guNo ke sazliSTa rUpa kI svIkRti meM hI sambhava hai| jainendra kI dRSTi meM kevala satva kI svIkRti aura raja tathA tama ke niSedha se vyaktitva me samagratA nahI A sktii| rajas aura tamas se anabana karake jIvanayApana karane vAlA vyakti apane AcaraNa me kabhI bhI sahaja nahI ho sktaa| manovaijJAnika satya hai ki niSedhAtmaka pahalU kI ora vyakti kI pravRttiyo kA jhukAva adhika hotA hai| jisa aura jitanA damana kA bhAva hotA hai, utanI hI usakI pratikriyA kI sambhAvanA banI rahatI hai / yadi mAnavIya pravRttiyAM sahaja rUpa se apane kSetra me gatizIla hotI huI uttarottara akarma athavA zUnya kI ora bar3hatI hai to uname damana kA bhAva na hokara sahajatA aura pUrNatA hI lakSita hotI hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me khaNDita vyaktitva me kRzatA, 1. jainendra kumAra * 'itastata', pR0 sa0 258 / 2. zrImadbhAgavadgItA, adhyAya 14, zloka 16 /

Page #307
302 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana atRpti aura asantuSTi adhikAdhika baDhatI jAtI hai / aise vyaktiyo dvArA pApa kA bhaya sadaiva hI banA rahatA hai / bhaya ke kAraNa hone vAle AcaraNa me sahajatA kA abhAva rahatA hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me vyaktitva kA khaNDita rUpa mAnya nahI hai / unake sAhitya me baDe-se-baDe netA bhI pravRtti ke mArga se mahAna bane hai / jaba kabhI nivRtti ke dvArA unhone tyAga aura tapasyA ke dvArA apane jIvana ko sukhAne kI ceSTA kI hai to unhe parAjaya hI milI hai / jainendra ke pAtra satya ke samakSa natamastaka hote hue dekhe jAte hai / unake sAhitya me cAhe koI bhI vyakti ho, vaha apanI antas kI tRSA ko tRpta kie binA kabhI bhI sahaja nahI ho pAtA / haThAt apanI antazcetanA ke satya ko ThukarAkara vaha klIva hI banatA hai, mahAna nahI / deza ke variSTha netAo ke prati sAmAnyatayA hamAre mana me Adara kA bhAva hotA hai, kintu jaba kabhI hama unake vyaktigata jIvana ke rahasya se paricita hote hai, to hamArA Adara kA bhAva ghRNA me parivartita ho jAtA hai aura hama yaha bhUla jAte hai ki netA hone para bhI vaha vyakti hai / uname mAnavocita guNa aura doSo kA honA anivArya hai / mAnavIya guNo ke niSedha dvArA brahmacarya sAdhanA kA prayatna nirarthaka hI pratIta hotA hai / satya yoga me hI hai, kintu bhoga kA niSedha karake hone vAlI yoga-sAdhanA pUrNa nahI ho sakatI / 'bAhubalI' me bAhubalI ke mana me jo phAsa hotI hai, usake nikAle binA usakI pUrNatA kI prApti kA prayatna vyartha siddha hotA hai / 'ka pathA' kahAnI me satya kA niSedha karake zarIra ko tapa dvArA adhikAdhika sukhAne se antara kI pipAsA zAnta nahI hotI aura antata uparokta kahAnI me lAlacandra ko vikSipta hote hue dekhA jAtA hai / 'sukhadA' me sukhadA ko ghara choDakara bAhara jAne vAlI netrI hI samajhA jAtA hai kintu usake antardvandva ko jAnane kI ceSTA nahI kI jAtI / prabhAva ke kAraNa vaha bAhara kI ora AkarSita hotI hai, kintu ghara se usakA virodha nahI hotA / vaha cAhatI hai ki ghara para use prAtmika vizvAsa aura prema mile kintu vaha sambhava nahI ho pAtA, jisake kAraNa vaha kahI kI nahI raha pAtI / 'muktibodha' aura 'anantara' me pApa ke bhaya ke kAraNa tathA sAmAjika maryAdA ke hetu strI se dUrI kA bhAva lakSita hotA hai / 'muktibodha' meM 'prasAda' mana kI durbalatA ke kAraNa hI nIlimA kI nagI tvacA ke sparza se kruddha ho uThatA hai aura usake AcaraNa ke prati apanI khIjha vyakta karatA hai / yadi 'prasAda' ke bhItara nagnatA itanI mahatvapUrNa na hotI to usame nArI-zarIra ke sparza mAtra se jhujhalAhaTa na pratI aura vaha sahaja banA rahatA / vastuta jainendra ne vyakti ke rAjanItika jIvana 1 jainendrakumAra 'muktibodha', pR0 65 /

Page #308
jainendra . jIvana kA sazleSaNAtmaka dRSTikoNa ke sAtha usake vyaktigata jIvana kI satyatA ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai / rAjanIti athavA dharma ko lekara vyakti svaya se itanA TUTa nahIM jAtA ki vaha vyakti hI na rhe| ___jainendra mana ko pratADita karate rahane kI paripATI ke kAyala nahI hai / unakI raSTi me vaha saba prAcAra vyabhicAra hai, jisame bhaya aura sazaya hai / bhaya se sAdhI jAne vAlI naitikatA samAja me aisI saDAdha utpanna karatI hai, jisake bIca ghuTatA huA jIvana svaccha vAyu ke abhAva me niSprANa pratIta hone lagatA hai / vastuta: vyakti kA jIvana eka akhaNDa ikAI hai / jisa prakAra nakze kI moTI lakIra jamIna para nahI milatI, usI prakAra jindagI para tatvavAdI kI lakIra bhI nahI hai / dharatI eka hai| hara bindu para vahA uttara-dakSiNa milA huA hai, isI taraha jindagI eka cIja hai aura usake hara jIvana-karaNa-kaNa para satva-raja aura tama mila jAte hai| jainendra guraNo ke bheda ko svIkAra karate hai tathApi guNa-bheda ke dvArA jIvana kI akhaDatA ko vibhAjita karane ke pakSa me nahI hai| niSkarSata. jainendra ke sAhitya kA iSTa akhaNDatA kI bhAvanA hI hai, unhone svaya hI yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki unake mana meM eka gaharA antardandva hai, akulAhaTa hai jo prakaTa hone ke lie becaina hai / aura vaha hai yahI akhaNDatA kI bhAvanA / apanI isa Antarika udvelana ko prakaTa karane ke lie upanyAsa aura kahAnI kI racanA kI hai| unakI dRSTi me akhaNDatA kA bodha hI vaha kujI hai, jo jIvana kI bar3I se bar3I samasyA ke samAdhAna meM sahAyaka ho sakatI hai kintu yaha akhaNDatA hI vyakti kI pakaDa se bAhara ho rahI hai| jainendra ke anusAra isa akhaNDatA ko DhUDhane kA eka mAtra sAdhana hai-prema aura ahiMsA / jainendra kA sampUrNa sAhitya prema aura hisA ke arthoM ko hI vyAkhyAyita karatA huA pratIta hotA hai| unakI dRSTi meM prema aura ahiMsA kA artha hai, dUsare ke lie apane ko pIDA denaa| pIDA me hI paramAtmA basatA hai| unhone spaSTata svIkAra kiyA hai ki 'mere upanyAsa AtmapIDana ke hI sAdhana hai aura isIlie maiMne uname kAmapravRtti kI pradhAnatA rakhI hai, kyoki kAma kI yAtanAo me hI AtmapIDana kA tIvratama rUpa hai|" unakA vizvAsa hai ki unake upanyAsa pAThaka ko jitanI AtmapIDana kI preraNA dete haiM, jitanA usake hRdaya me prema paidA karake jIvana kI akhaNDatA kA anubhava karAte hai, utane hI saphala kahe jA sakate hai| jainendra kA samagra 1. jainendra kumAra 'itastata', pR0 256 / 2. DA0 nagendra : "prAsthA ke caraNa', pra0 sa0 300 / 3. DA0 nagendra : "prAsthA ke caraNa', pa0 sa0 300 / 4. DA0 nagendra : 'AsthA ke caraNa', pR0 saM0 300 /

Page #309
304 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana sAhitya isa satya kI abhivyakti karAne meM samartha hai| unake pAtro kI pIDA hamase chipI nahIM hai| mRNAla aura kalyANI apanI pIDA se svaya hI vyathita nahI hotI, varan pAThako ke hRdaya me bhI eka gaharI TIsa utpanna karane me sakSama hotI hai| sRSTi-prakhaNDa sAhitya, kalA aura saMskRti kA utsa vibhAjana me na hokara aikya me hI samAhita hai / jainendra ne sRSTi ke mUla me garbhita satya kI itanI akATya abhivyakti kI hai, jise svIkAra kie binA koI bhI sRjana-prakriyA pUrNa aura Atmika nahI ho sakatI / 'sRSTi vahA se hai jahA AdamI lIna ho jAtA hai, jahA vaha apanI vibhakti bhUla jAtA hai| jahA vaha na acchA rahatA hai, na burA rahatA hai| jahA vaha baTA nahI hotA, ekAgra aura samagra ho jAtA hai / jahA vAsanA aura bhAvanA me prakharatA nahI raha jAtI / jahA vyakti apane ko pUrA agIkAra karatA aura phira pUrA-kA-pUrA nichAvara kara DAlatA hai| jahA apane kisI aza ko pIche rokatA nahI aura sarvAMza ko svAhA karake dhanya ho jAtA hai|' 'jainendra ke uparokta kathana me unake cintana kA sAra spaSTata dRSTigata hotA hai / unake sAhitya me inhI tatvo ko jIvana me ghaTita hote hue darzAyA gayA hai| unakI dRSTi me sRSTi jJAna me se na hokara abodhatA me se hI sambhava ho sakatI hai / jJAna me vibhAjana hai| vizva kI mahAn pratibhAe svIkAra aura samanvaya ke mArga kA anusaraNa karane ke kAraNa hI sambhava ho sakI hai / jainendra kA dRDha vizvAsa hai ki vibhakta mAnasikatA me se bane hue manamAne AdarzoM ke nAma para kucha sAdhanA karate hue jo nisteja, niSprANa aura khaNDita vyaktiyo ke namUne nIti aura dharma ke kSetra me dekhane meM Ate hai, so isI kAraNa ki unakI vaphAdArI jIvana aura jagata ke prati na hokara siddhAto ke prati hotI hai| jIvana me pUrNatA ekamAtra prema aura svIkAratA me se hI sambhava hai| prema kI sakriyatA parasparatA me hI lakSita hotI hai| sAhityika prakriyA * saMzleSaNAtmaka __ jainendra kI jIvana-dRSTi sazleSaNAtmaka hone ke sAtha hI unakI sAhityika prakriyA bhI sazliSTatA se anuprANita hai / jIvana kI akhaNDatA ko buddhiprasUta 1 jainendra kumAra 'itastata pR0 sa0 260 / 2 jainendrakumAra . 'itastata.', pR0 260-261 /

Page #310
jainendra jIvana kA sazleSaNAtmaka dRSTikoNa 305 vizleSaka prakriyA dvArA ve khaNDita karane ke pakSa me nahI hai / prakhaNDa satya ko ve jJAna kA viSaya na mAnakara sambuddhi kA viSaya mAnate hai / sambuddhi me pradRSTi kI pradhAnatA hotI hai / arntadRSTi dvArA satya ko samagra rUpa meM dekhane kI ceSTA kI jAtI hai / jainendra ke anusAra upadeza mUlaka, AlocanAtmaka dRSTi se sRjanAtmaka sAhitya me abhivyakta jIvana kI sahajatA aura sajIvatA kA digdarzana sambhava nahI ho sakatA hai / AlocanAtmaka prakriyA dvArA vastu ko akhaNDa rUpa me na dekhakara use bhinna-bhinna karake dekhA jAtA hai / yathArtha kI abhivyakti ke lobha me vyakti ko pUrNatayA vizliSTa karake dekhane se satya kI anubhUti nahI ho sakatI / vizleSaNa ke dvArA anekatA aura vicchinnatA hI yathArtha bana jAtI hai aura yathArtha ke mUla me antarbhUta satya adRzya ho jAtA hai / jainendra ke anusAra yathArtha ke Agraha me saudarya chinna-bhinna ho jAtA hai / vastu kI anekatA behada ubhara paDatI hai / jaise saba kucha paraspara ko vyakta karatA huA sirpha kaTA-phaTA hai / sAhitya-vastu kI anekatA me se apekSAkRta dRzya eva darzana kI ekatA kI sRSTi karatA / " jainendra kI dRSTi me sAhitya kA uddezya jIvana kI vividhatA me eka amodha aura prazya sUkSma satya kI pratiSThA karanA hai / 1 jIvana ke sAtha hI sAhitya - prakriyA bhI vaijJAnika paddhati se anuprANita hai / vaijJAnika buddhi pranvayaparaka adhika hotI hai, kintu sAhitya anya aura vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para rasAnubhUti aura prabhAvagata anviti se zUnya ho jAtA hai / jainendra kI DhaSTi meM satya ziva sundaram kI pUrNatA sAhitya me rasAnubhUti aura sthAyitva utpanna karane ke lie Avazyaka hai / yathArtha kI prApti ke lobha meM vastugata samagratA vinaSTa ho jAtI hai, kyo ki satya ziva sundarama ina tIno me se kisI eka ke bhI prabhAva athavA anya ke varNana kI pratizayatA se sAhitya kA svarUpa pUrNa nahI ho sakatA / jainendra ke anusAra vaijJAnika paddhati se satya ke anusadhAna meM hama kitane bhI dUra jA sake, citta satya taka nahI pahuca sakate hai / nahI pahuca sakate hai, isalie hai ki vahAM pahucane vAlA vyakti aura pahucane kI maMjila jo bane rahate he | jainendra jIvana aura sAhitya ke lie zraddhAparaka jJAna ko hI svIkAra karate hai / unakI dRSTi me prAsthAyukta buddhi dUsare ko khaNDita karake calane ke bhrama meM nahI paDatI / zraddhA aura vizvAsa ke dvArA Agraha kA bhAva prakhara nahI hotA / isame samarpaNa aura svIkAratA kI bhAvanA hI vizeSarUpa se jAgrata hotI hai, to usame zabda aura rUpAkAra gauraNa ho jAte hai, bhAva-garimA hI zabdoM dvArA dhvanita hotI hai / jainendra ke sAhitya meM prApta hone vAle dArzanika-bodha ke 1. jainedrakumAra 'kahAnI anubhava aura zilpa', pR0 131 /

Page #311
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana AdhAra para hama unhe jJAtA se adhika eka draSTA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara sakate hai / jJAtA hone me jJAtA aura jJeya kA dvaita banA rahatA hai| kintu anrtabuddhi ke sahAre satya ko jAnane me lInatA kA bhAva lakSita hotA hai|' satyabodha zraddhAmUlaka jainendra ke sAhitya me zraddhA kA bhAva vividha rUpo me abhivyakta huA hai| inakI dRSTi me zraddhA Upara se thopI nahI jAtI, vaha to 'marma kI ora se zAyada vyathA hai / 'vyakti, vyakti me jJAna kA dambha to ho hI nahIM sktaa| zradvA ke kAraNa vaha kevala samarpita hI hotA hai|' 'anantara' me jJAna aura vijJAna ke aikya ke lie zraddhA kI anivAryatA para bala diyA hai| zraddhA ke aikya se jJAna aura vijJAna paraspara pUraka ho sakate hai| zraddhA aikyamUlaka hai| vaha vyavaccheda para Azrita nahI hai| jainendra kA aTUTa vizvAsa hai ki jo jAnane me upalabdha nahI ho sakatA vaha vinamra zraddhA ke dvArA sahaja ho jAtA hai| jainendra ke anusAra nyUTana ko gurutvAkarSaNa kI zakti kA bodha vizleSaNAtmaka buddhi se nahIM, varan sabuddhi se prApta hunA thA, jise hama prajJA bhI kahate hai| vyartha prayatna me cintA mana ko satya kA bodha zraddhA se jhuka jAne aura samarpita hone me hI prApta hotA hai| zraddhAlu ke hRdaya me jJAtA aura jJeya kA pArthakya miTa jAtA hai kintu bauddhika jJAna jJAtA aura jJeya ke pArthakya para hI AdhArita hotA hai| gesTAlTa manovijJAna jainendra ke sAhitya me abhivyakta jIvana sazleSaNAtmaka dRSTikoNa ko gesTAlTa manovijJAna kI samakakSatA me vivecita kiyA jA sakatA hai / DA0 devarAja upAdhyAya ne jainendra ke upanyAso kA manovaijJAnika vivecana karate hue unhe gesTAlTavAdI manovijJAna kI samakakSatA me hI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| unake anusAra jainendra kA sazleSaNAtmaka dRSTikoNa gesTAlTa ke sampUrNatAvAda se abhinna hai / upAdhyAya jI kI dRSTi me 'gesTAlTa manovaijJAnika varatu ko AkAra se bhinna nahI dekhatA, tIna yA cAra bindupro ko dekhate hI vaha eka trikoNa yA 1 'jaba hama kisI kAraNa apane ko sarvathA bisare rahate hai, mAno zUnya ho jAte hai, caitanya hamame soyA nahI rahatA, para pravRtta bhI nahIM hotA aura kevala jAgrata bhara rahatA hai, taba sabuddhi kAma kara jAtI hai|' -jainendrakumAra 'samaya aura hama', pR0 sa0 615 / 2 jainendrakumAra 'anantara', pR0 sa0 100 /

Page #312
jainendra jIvana kA sazleSaNAtmaka dRSTikoNa 307 catuSkoNa ko dekha letA hai, mAno vaha trikoNa yA catuSkoNa vahA binduo ke astitva me Ane se pUrva hI kisI rahasyamaya rUpa me upasthita ho aura rekhAo ko sArthakatA pradAna karate ho / " jainendra kI kahAniyoM aura upanyAso me prApta hone vAlI riktatA ko bhI khaNDita rUpa me na dekhakara bhAvagarimA se yukta karake rUpa meM dekhA gayA hai / upAdhyAya jI ke anusAra riktatA me hI jainendra ke sAhitya kA vaiziSTya garbhita hai / ' upAdhyAya jI kI dRSTi meM gesTAlTavAdI dRSTi se dekhane para - - Tuka : nahI dIkha paDate hai, parantu unake bIca me jo vyavasthA hai, pArasparikatA hai, vahI sabase pahale dIkha paDatI hai / usI vyavasthA aura paraspara baddhatA ke madhya paDe dIkhane ke kAraNa ve khaNDa apUrNa praza khaNDita nahI, para vyavasthita aura saMgaThita rUpa meM dIkhate hai / " jainendra ko khaNDa dRSTi aura gesTAlTa jainendra ke sAhitya me sampUrNatAvAdI dRsTikoNa kA prabhAva pUrNata dRSTigata hotA hai, tathApi jainendra kA cintanapakSa kisI vAda - vizeSa se paribaddha nahI hai / unake gAhitya se prApta hone vAlA sampUrNatAvAdI dRSTikoNa unakI prAstikatA ke sparza se manovaijJAnika tathya na rahakara prAdhyAtmika viSaya bana jAtA hai / gesTAlTa ne vastu ko prakAra se bhinna rUpa meM samajhane kI ceSTA nahI kI hai / unakA cintana vastugata hai, kintu jainendra ke sAhitya me sampUrNatAvAdI dRSTikoNa kI jhalaka unakI prAdhyAtmika dRSTi ke sandarbha me hI dekhI jA sakatI hai| isa dRSTi se unakI 'tatsata' kahAnI bahuta hI upayukta pratIta hotI he / 'tatsata' kahAnI meM pratyeka vRkSa apane sambandha me itanA grahaniSTha hai ki vaha 'svaya' ko samaSTi kI sApekSatA meM vana athavA jagala ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane meM asamartha hotA hai / hajAra ceSTA karane para bhI unheM yaha samajha me nahI zrAtA ki vana kyA he ? ve paraspara vivAda karate hue kahate he -- 'mai jaMgala huuN| taba babUla kauna ?" isI prakAra bAsa kahatA hai- 'jhUTha hai 1 kyA mai yaha mAnU ki mai bAsa nahI, jagala haiM, merA roma-roma kahatA hai, mai bAsa hU~ / ' 'aura mai ghAsa " aura mai 1 1. DA0 devarAja upAdhyAya 'jainendra ke upanyAso kA manovaijJAnika adhyayana', pR0 sa0 115 / 2. DA0 devarAja upAdhyAya 'jainendra ke upanyAso kA manovaijJAnika adhyayana', pR0 sa0 121 / 3. DA0 devarAja upAdhyAya 'jainendra ke upanyAso kA manovaijJAnika adhyayana', pR0 sa0 121 /

Page #313
308 jainendra kA jIvana-darzana 'vaha hai, vaha he / ' zera / ' isa prakAra yaha nahI samajha pAte ki jagala kahI bAhara yA dUra nahI hai, varan unakI samaSTi me hI jagala hai / anta me eka vijJa puruSa baDadAdA ke sahayoga se unhe satya kA bodha karAne meM sakSama hotA hai / isa prakAra unhe yaha bodha hotA hai kula hai, kucha nahI hai, unakA yaha samajhanA ki mai bAsa hU, mai semara hU~, bhrama hai / satya kA bodha hote hI baDadAdA kaha uThate hai'saba kahI hai / saba kahI he aura hama ? 'hama nahI, vaha hai ?" isa prakAra satya kI nubhUti samagratA me hI sambhava ho pAtI hai / satyakhaNDa me bhI arntabhUta hai, kintu khaNDa athavA aza koI satya mAnakara calane me grAmavAditA lakSita hotI hai / isa tathya ke dvArA yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jainendra kI dRSTi me 'maiM' athavA azata satya nahI hai, satya 'vaha' hai arthAt Izvara hai jo ki pUrNa hai / jainendra kI uparokta prAdhyAtmika dRSTi unake pAtro ke vyAvahArika jIvana bhI lakSita hotI hai / jainendra ke sAhitya meM lakSita vyaktitva kI samagratA ke Adarza me bhI yahI sampUrNatAvAdI dRSTi ke hI darzana hote hai / jIvana kA koI bhI pakSa khaDita hokara niSedha dvArA pUrNa nahI ho sakatA / jIvana kI pUrNatA satasat kI svIkRti dvArA uttarottara usase pAra uThane me he / jainendra ke anusAra satya avibhAjya hai, ataeva ise khaNDita karake samajhane kA prayatna mithyA hai| unakA vizvAsa hai ki graha ke dvArA vyakti akhaNDa sRSTi se nahI varan vastu ke rAga se hotA hai /

Page #314
upasaMhAra jainendra ke vahad sAhitya-sAgara me avagAhana karane ke anantara hame jo katipaya vicAra-bhauktika prApta hote hai, ve kathA-sAhitya-jagata me apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhate hai / jainendra ke sAhitya me upalabdha ye bhauktika unake apane hI hai, kisI se udhAra lie hue nahI hai| yahI hai unakI vaicArika viziSTatA kA mUlAdhAra / unhone apanI bhAvAbhivyakti meM na to paramparA se badhane kI hI ceSTA kI hai aura na hI sAyAsa usase sambandha toDane kA prayatna kiyA hai| unakI bhAva aura vicAragata navInatA anta prasUta hone ke kAraNa Agraha se sarvathA unmukta hai| jainendra ke sAhitya kA utsa unakI antarvyathA hI hai / abhAvajanya vedanA hI unake sAhitya kA utsa banI hai| vastuta 'sva' se 'para' kI ora arthAt apanI nijatA ko lekara paratA kI ora unmukha hone ke kAraNa unake sAhitya me prAtmAnubhUti . aura satya' kA samAveza sahaja rUpa se hI hotA gayA hai| bAhya-pariveza unake boddhika dharAtala se TakarA kara hI raha gayA hai, varan vaha antazcetanA ke rasa kA sasparza karatA huA puna. sAhitya ke mAdhyama se bAhyamukhI huA hai| " ___ jainendra se pUrva sAhitya-sRjana kI prakriyA bAhya sthiti aura samasyAyo ko lekara gatizIla huI thii| sama-sAmayikatA ke prabhAva ke kAraNa unakI racanAo me samaya se Upara uThane kI pravRtti dRSTigata nahI hotI, kintu jainendra kA sAhitya kAla se jaDita nahI hai / usame deza aura kAla se Upara uThakara mAnava jIvana ke zAzvata aura cirantana satyo kI abhivyakti dRSTigata hotI hai / jainendra ne antazcetanA ko pramukhatA dete hue bhI bAhya sthitiyo kI avahelanA nahIM kI

Page #315
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana hai| kyoki unake cintana kA AdhAra to bAhya-pariveza hI thA / antara kevala usakI abhivyakti ke kAraNa hI utpanna hotA hai| ___jainendra ne apane sAhitya me manuSya dvArA vikasita jIvavijJAna, arthazAstra, rAjanIti, dharma prAdi kA mAnava jIvana kI sApekSatA me vivecana kiyA hai| mAnava jIvana kI pUrNatA, paristhiti aura pariveza kI sApekSatA me hI sambhava ho sakatI hai, kintu pariveza bAhya rUpa taka hI sImita hai / bAhA rUpa para sAmAnyata sabhI kI dRSTi paDatI hai| kintu mahattA usakI hai, jo sthiti ke mUla me adRzya satya ko pakaDane kI ceSTA karatA hai aura bAhyAkarSaNa me hI apane ko parimita nahI rakhatA / jainendra ne pariveza rUpa pallava ora zAkhApro ke rUpAkAra me phasakara usake mUla kI avahelanA nahIM kI hai| yaha Avazyaka nahI ki jIvana athavA sAhitya kA utsa AkarSaka hI ho, kintu satya, satya hai| usake sundara-asundara, bhale-bure hone se koI antara nahI AtA / yaha satya hI jainendra ke samagra sAhitya me sahaja rUpa se abhivyakta hotA huA dRSTigata hotA hai| yadi hama jainendra ke sAhitya kA sUkSma avagAhana kare to usake mUla meM hame ekamAtra satya kA svara hI vvanita hotA huA dRSTigata hogA / samasyA choTI hA, yA baDI, zAzvata ho yA cirantana, ghara kI ho yA bAhara kI- saba ke mUla meM unhone satya ko grahaNa karane kI ceSTA kI hai| ___sarvaprathama jainendra ke vicAro kA mUla svarUpa hame unakI jIvavaijJAnika dRSTi me upalabdha hotA hai / mAno vahI rUpa unake samasta sAhitya me chAyA humA hai / suprasiddha jIva vaijJAnika DArvina ne jIvana kA vikAsa pazu se mAnA hai| jainendra DArvina ke isa vicAra se sahamata hai, kintu ve vaijJAnika hI nahI hai, dArzanika bhI hai| unakI dRSTi vartamAna taka hI sImita na rahakara usake pUrva athavA usake utsa ko jAnane kI ceSTA karatI hai / jainendra ne sambuddhi ke dvArA Avina ke vicAro se eka kadama pIche haTane kI ceSTA kii| unhone pazutA ke mUla me satya ko dekhane kA prayAsa kiyaa| jainendra ne vikAsavAdI pazutva ke mUla me devatva ko hisA me ahisA kI sthiti ke AdhAra para spaSTa karane kI ceSTA kI hai| pazutva ke mUla me devatva kI bhAvanA unake sAhitya me sarvatra dRSTigata hotI hai| jainendra ne jIvana ke zAzvata satyo yathA ---Izvara, jIva, janma, mRtyu Adi ke sambandha me AtmAnubhUti satya kA prakaTIkaraNa kiyA / jainendra kI dRSTi meM Izvara satya hI nahIM he, varan vahI ekamAtra satya hai / usase pare saba mithyA he / satya advaita hai / vaha carcA kA viSaya nahI bana sakatA kintu vyAvahArika jIvana me vahI satya Izvara ke nAnA rUpo me grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / bhakta apanI anubhUti ke anukUla use pratimA pradAna karatA hai / jainendra kI IzvarIya AsthA

Page #316
upasahAra 311 unake samasta sAhitya me zraddhA aura AtmavizvAsa tathA bhAgya nirbharatA ke rUpa me lakSita hotI hai| ___ jainendra ke anusAra vyakti kI samasta kriyAo kA mUlAdhAra usakI dhArmika daSTi meM hI samAviSTa hai| unhone dharmapUrvaka hI rAjanIti, dharma aura samAja Adi samasyAoM ko sulajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / jainendra kI dRSTi me dharma paramparAgata karmakANDa se pRthak jIvana kI sahajatA athavA prakRti kI svIkRti me hI samAhita hai / ahisA, aparigraha, dayA, pyAra, sevA Adi mAnavIya guNo kA bhI unhone yatra-tatra vivecana kiyA hai / unakI dRSTi me mokSa jagata se mukti nahI hai, varan aha se mukti he / vastuta sasAra me rahakara bhI vyakti mokSa kI prApti kara sakatA hai / isa sambandha me jainendra jaina darzana se taTastha hai / jainiyo kA kaivalya unhe svIkAra nahI hai| jainendra ne aha ko azatA ke rUpa me svIkAra kiyA hai| unake anusAra kula astitva akhaNDa hai| kula me jo khaNDitatA kI pratIti AI hai, use hama do mAyAmo me vibhAjita kara sakate hai----kAla aura AkAza / ina do AyAmo ke mela athavA kATa kA bindu hI aha bindu hai / kAla aura prAkAza ke milana-bindu me cetanA kA pravAha hone se pRthakatA athavA 'maiM' kA bodha hotA hai| jainendra ne 'aha' zabda ko kaI arthoM meM svIkAra kiyA hai| prathamata aha astitvabodhaka hai / 'maiM' kA apara rUpa ahakAra bodhaka hai / jainendra ke anusAra aha kA visarjana arthAt 'me' bhAva kA tyAga hI jIvana kA pramukha lakSya hai / 'mai' aura 'para' ke prazna ko unhone 'sva' para ke rUpa meM bhI liyA hai| 'mai' athavA 'sva' kI paronmukhatA hI unake sAhitya kA iSTa hai| samAja aura rAjanIti meM 'maha' kA yaha rUpa vyakti ke rUpa meM prApta hotA hai| ___sAmAjika stara para jainendra ne strI-puruSa sambandha ko lekara hI tatsambandhita vibhinna samasyAo kI aora dRSTipAta kiyA hai| parivAra, vivAha, prema-vivAha vaivAhika jIvana meM prema, kAmabhAvanA, vezyAvRtti Adi viSayo kA vivecana unhone apanI anubhUti ke AdhAra para prastuta kiyA hai| jainendra ne sAmAjika maryAdA kA niSedha nahI kiyA hai aura na hI ve parivAra ko toDane ke pakSa meM hai, kintu jahA taka prema kA sambandha hai, use ve sAmAjika bandhana se mukta mAnate hai| kAma aura prema ko lekara unake sAhitya me anekAneka samasyAe dRSTigata hotI hai / yaha satya hai ki vivAha me prema dvArA jainendra ne jIvana ke eka mahatvapUrNa satya kI ora dRSTipAta kiyA hai, kyoki isa satya se koI nakAra nahI sakatA ki vivAha ke bAda pati-patnI kA AkarSaNa bAhara kI ora se pUrNatayA samApta ho jAtA hai aura ve parivAra ke ghere me banda ho jAte hai / hama vyakti

Page #317
312 jainendra kA jovana-darzana gata anubhava ke AdhAra para yaha kaha sakate hai ki vivAha ke anantara bhI prema kI sthiti banI rahatI hai / yaha bAta dUsarI hai ki vaha kAma ke stara para ghaTita hotA huA na dikhAyI de| kintu sAhitya me saccAI ko na bhI vyavata karake sadaiva maryAdA ko hI abhivyakti pradAna kI gayI hai / satya ke chipAva me vyakti kA chala hI antarbhUta hotA hai / yadi jIvana ke sambandha sahaja ho to uname vikRti Ane kA prazna hI nahI utthtaa| jainendra ke anusAra vyakti sat-asat guNo kI samaSTi hai| mahattA athavA tucchatA usake vyaktitva kA aga he / eka kI svIkRti aura anya ke niSedha me vyaktitva kI pUrNAbhivyakti sambhava nahI ho sakatI / vyaktitva kI pUNatA ke lie usakA saba kucha svIkAra karanA hogA / jainendra ke anusAra vyakti devatA aura pazu ke bIca kI kaDI hai / ataeva usame dono ke azo kA honA svAbhAvika hI hai / jaba kabhI vaha apane antas kI tucchatA ko dabAne kA Agraha karatA hai to usake vyaktitva me vikAra utpanna ho jAtA hai / jainendra ke anusAra sAhitya me tuccha athavA dalita vyakti bhI utanA hI mAnanIya hai, jitanA pratiSThita / jainendra ne jIvana kI rAjanItika, sAmAjika Adi samasyAo ko vyakti kI sApekSatA me hI svIkAra kiyA hai / rAjanIti meM pracalita vibhinna vAdo me unakI dRSTi me vahI vAda satya athavA svIkRta ho sakatA hai, jisame vyakti kA hita pradhAna ho / vyakti kI upekSA karane vAlA vAda svArtha kA hI poSaka hai| ___ jainendra ne bhAgya, karma, paramparA tathA jIvana-mRtyu ke sambandha me apane maulika vicAro kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| unakI parama AstikatA unheM kisI pala bhI bhAgya ke cakra se mukta nahI hone detii| unake pAtra atizaya bhAgyavAdI hai / jainendra ke anusAra puruSArtha kI sArthakatA kevala karmazIlatA me hI hai| bhAgya puruSArtha kA sahayogI hokara hI calatA hai| puruSArtha me jaba nirAzA milatI hai to bhAgya ke sahAre unake pAtra TUTane se baca jAte hai / jainendra ne karma-paramparA ko pUrva janma athavA punarjanma kI zRkhalA se nahI joDA hai| unake anusAra punarjanma hotA hai, yaha satya hai, kintu koI yaha nahI dekhane jAtA ki punarjanma dvArA pUrvajanma ke karmoM aura sambandho me sambanddhatA hotI hI hai| isa tathya ko jainendra ne patajhaDa ke AdhAra para spaSTa kiyA hai / unake anusAra prativarSa patajhaDa me patte jhara jAte hai aura puna bahAra Ane para uname naye pallava A jAte hai, kintu kaha kauna sakatA hai ki ye vahI pallava he jo ki pichalI patajhaDa me jhare the| isa prakAra jainendra isa janma ko pUrva athavA punarjanma se sambaddha nahI mAnate / unakI dRSTi me punarjanma kI sArthakatA kevala vyukti ke bAra-bAra janma hone me hI hai / jainendra ke anusAra vyakti ke karma mRtyu ke bAda

Page #318
upasaMhAra 313 usake sAtha nahI jAte varan yahI kAlAkAza me vyApta ho jAte he tathA sAhitya aura itihAsa ke rUpa meM sthAyI rahate hai| jainendra ke anusAra mRtyu me jIvana kA anta nahI hai / mRtyu jIvana kA dvAra hai / mRtyu kI cetanA se vyakti satat karmazIla rahatA hai kintu matyu kA bhaya apekSita nahI hai / jainendra ne mAnava jIvana kA sazleSaNAtmaka svarUpa vyakta kiyA hai| unhone mAnava jIvana ko khaNDa rUpa me na dekhakara pUrNa ikAI ke rUpa me vivecita kiyA hai| isIlie ve vyaktitva me hone vAlI kATa-chATa ko ucita nahI samajhate / unhone jIvana kI samagra abhivyakti kI hai| unake sazleSaNAtmaka dRSTikoNa ko gesTAlTavAda ke samakakSa me vivecita kiyA jA sakatA hai, tathApi uname kucha mUlabhUta antara dRSTigata hotA hai, jisake kAraNa ve gesTAlTa ke vicAro se taTastha pratIta hote hai| jainendra-sAhitya kA adhyayana karane ke anantara hama isa niSkarSa para pahucate hai ki unake vicAro para bhAratIya tathA pAzcAtya vicArako kI chApa tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa yatra-tatra dRSTigata hotI hai / tathApi jainendra ko kimI vAda vizeSa kA pracAraka athavA anugAmI nahI mAnA jA sktaa| kyoki ve paristhiti kI sApekSatA meM bhI apanI anubhUti kI satyatA se vacita nahI rahe hai| jainendra ke sama-sAmayika phrAyaDa, mArksa Adi vicArako me bhautikatA kI ora adhika unmukhatA hai / phrAyaDa ne manovizleSaNa ke AdhAra para vyakti kI samasta kriyAo kA mUla 'nibiDo' me dekhA hai| unake anusAra kAma hI vyakti kI samasta kriyAo kA sacAlaka hai| unhone acetana mana ko damita vAsanA kA kendra mAnA hai| kintu jainendra kAma ko jIvana kA anivArya aga mAnate hue bhI use phrAyaDa kI dRSTi se svIkAra nahIM karate nA hI unhone mana ko cetana, acetana, avacetana staro me vibhAjita hI kiyA hai| vizleSaNa ke dvArA vyaktitva kI samagratA vinaSTa ho jAtI hai / tathA hArdika savedanA ke lie bhI koI sthAna nahI rahatA / phrAyaDa aura jainendra kI dRSTi me mUla pArthakya jainendra kI prAdhyAtmikatA ke kAraNa utpanna hotA hai| jainendra ne acetana mana ko bhagavattA athavA satya kA kendra mAnA hai, pApa kA puja nahI / isa prakAra acetana dvArA prerita kriyAe satyonmukha hotI hai, kAmonmukha nahI / ____ mArksa kI dRSTi arthapradhAna hai / unhone bhautika-sukha-suvidhA ke lie hI adhikAdhika dhana vRddhi tathA samatA para jora diyA hai| mArksa kI dRSTi me artha kA samAna vitaraNa atyadhika Avazyaka hai / isa hetu ve hisAtmaka krAnti kA sahArA lenA Avazyaka hI nahI, anivArya samajhate hai| kintu jainendra sAdhana kI zuddhatA ke AdhAra para prApta hone vAle sAdhya ko hI svIkAra karate hai / ve rakta

Page #319
jainendra kA jIvana-darzana krAnti ke dvArA lAyI jAne vAlI samAnatA ke pakSa me nahI hai| unakI dRSTi me isa prakAra kI samAnatA Upara se thopI huI hai| isalie kabhI-na-kabhI usakI pratikriyA kI sambhAvanA banI hI rhegii| isIlie jainendra paristhiti aora samasyA ko lekara kiye jAne vAle sudhAra ke pakSa me nahI he / unakI dRSTi me yadi sudhAra honA hI hai to vaha vyakti kI antazcetanA me hI honA cAhie / yadi vyakti ke mana me hI svArtha kI bhAvanA na hogI to vaha svata hI Adarzonmukha pratIta hogaa| vastuta sudhAra kI bhAvanA anta prasUta honI caahie| isakA mUla AdhAra vyaSTi dvArA samaSTi ke prati visarjita hone me hI lakSita hotA hai / mArksa kI samasyA artha pradhAna thii| jainendra ne bhI artha ko mahatvapUrNa mAnA hai, kintu unakI dRSTi me artha hI sAdhya nahI ho sakatA, isa prakAra ve artha aura kAma ko mArga me hI mAnate hai| unake anusAra dharmapUrvaka artha aura kAma ke mArgo se gujarate hue mokSa kI ora unmukha honA hI jIvana kA lakSya hai| jainendra ke vicAro para yadi kisI kA prabhAva paDA hai to vaha gAdhI jI hai| jainendra gAdhI se prabhAvita hai, para gAdhIvAda se badhe nahI hai| unhone vicAro kA sAra grahaNa kiyA hai, vAda se svaya ko jaDita nahI kiyA hai| isIlie ve gAdhI se itanA prabhAvita hote hue bhI apane ko gAdhIvAdI nahI mAnate / gAdhI kI ahisA-nIti, sarvodaya bhAvanA, kuTIra udyoga, advaita niSThA, AtmapIDana Adi kA prabhAva jainendra ke sAhitya me spaSTata dRSTigata hotA hai / jainI hone ke kAraNa jainendra para dharma kA prabhAva paDanA bhI svAbhAvika bhI hai, kintu ve jaina dharma se prabhAvita hote hue bhI usakI mAnyatApro ke pakSa me nahI hai| unake anusAra niSedha athavA nakAra ke dvArA koI bhI dharma pUrNa nahI ho sktaa| jaina dharma meM jIvana ke sukha tathA mAnava prakRti kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / jainendra ne jaina dharma kI tapazcaryA dvArA kaivalya kI prApti ko svIkAra nahI kiyA , kyoki usame vyaktitva ko pUrNatA nahI prApta hotii| jaina dharma kI ati ahisAtmaka dRSTi bhI unhe mAnya nahI hai / jainendra ke anusAra bhAvanA kI zuddhatA dvArA yadi kabhI hisA ho jAya to vaha pApa nahI hai / jainendra kI ahisA-nIti gAdhI kI advaita vAdI vicAradhArA se adhika abhibhUta hai / jaina darzana kI sva para mUlaka dhArA unhe prabhAvita nahIM kara sakI hai| jaina dharma me zarIra ko 'para' tathA prAtmA ko 'sva' mAnA hai| 'para' se mukti hI unake dharma kA uddezya hai jo jainendra ko svIkAra nahIM hai| yadi jainendra jaina dharma ke kisI tathya se prabhAvita hai to vaha hai syAdavAda jo ki vizvavyApI mahatva rakhatA hai|

Page #320
sahAyaka grantha-sUcI jainendrakumAra 'itaratata' 'samaya aura hama' 1962 pra0sa0 dillI 'sAhitya kA zreya aura preya' , 1653 / / 'pariprekSa' ,, 1965 // 'akAla puruSa gAdhI' ,, 1968 , 'moca-vicAra' dvi0sa0 1664 'prazna aura prazna' pra0sa0 1666 , 1962 'kAzmIra kI vaha yAtrA' 1968 'ye aura ve' 1954 'prastuta prazna' 'rASTra aura rAjya' 'kAma, prema aura parivAra' dvi0sa0 1661 'pUrvodaya' 'kahAnI anubhava aura zilpa' pra0sa0 1967 'manthana' 'samaya, samasyA aura siddhAta (aprakAzita) 'parakha' dazama sa0 1966 'tyAgapatra' 'sunItA' 1664 dillI 'sukhadA' pra0sa0 1652 // 'vivata' " 1653 , 'kalyANI' 1956 dillI 'vyatIta' tR0sa0 1662 // 'muktibodha' pra0sa0 1665 // 'jayavardhana' 1656 // bambaI

Page #321
jainendrakumAra 'anantara' pra0sa0 1968 dillI sa0 zivanadanaprasAda 'pratinidhi kahAniyA' pra0sa0 1666 , jainendrakumAra 'jainendra kI kahAniyA', prathama bhAga, tR0sa0 1662 ,, dvi0 bhAga, caturtha sa0 1966 tR0 bhAga, cauthA bhAga, tR0sa0 1663 ,, pA~cavA bhAga, 1963 chaThA bhAga, tR0sa0 1963 sAtavA bhAga, tR0sa0 1663 AThavA bhAga, tR0sa0 1964 navA bhAga, pra0sa0 1664 10vA bhAga, pra0sa0 1666 ,, anu0 1958 'yAmA' (sahAyaka pustake) DA0 devarAja upAdhyAya 'jainendra ke upanyAso kA manovaijJAnika adhyayana', pra0sa0, 1968, dillI prabhAkara mAcave 'jainendra ke vicAra', bambaI premacanda 'kucha vicAra' vartamAna sa0, 1965, ilAhAbAda DA0 tribhuvana siha 'hindI upanyAsa aura yathArthavAda', pra0sa, 2012 vi0, banArasa DA0 lakSmIsAgara vArSNeya 20vI zatAbdI hindI sAhitya naye sadarbha', pra0sa0, 1666, ilAhAbAda DA0 dhIrendra varmA Adi 'hindI sAhitya' tRtIya khaNDa, pra0sa0, 1666, ilAhAbAda rAhula sAskRtyAyana 'darzana digdarzana' sagarmalAla pANDeya 'gAdhI kA darzana', pra0sa0, 1657, ilAhAbAda kamalezvara 'naI kahAnI kI bhUmikA', pra0 sa0, 1966, ilAhAbAda khalIla jibrAna 'di propheTa' (anu0 satyakAma vidyAlakAra) DA0 sarvajIta rAya 'hindI upanyAso meM AdarzavAda', pra0sa0, 1966, ilAhAbAda

Page #322
DA0 jayanArAyaNa maNDala 'hindI upanyAso kI yathArthavAdI paramparA', pra0sa0, 1668, paTanA jayazakara 'prasAda' 'kAvya kalA tathA anya nibadha', ilAhAbAda mahAdevI varmA 'sAhityakAla kI AsthA tathA anya nibadha', 1962, (cayana gagAprasAda pANDeya) ilAhAbAda vivekAnanda 'maraNoparAnta' vijayadharma sUri 'Atmonnati darzana' pa0 javAharalAla neharU 'AtmakathA', pAThavA sa0, 1952 hIrendranAtha datta 'karmavAda aura janmAntara', sa0 1986, ilAhAbAda zAnti jozI 'nItizAstra', pra0 sa0, 1666, dillI rAmaprakAza jaina 'pAzcAtya darzana', pra0sa0, 1650, ilAhAbAda DA0 nagendra 'AsthA ke caraNa' sAptAhika hindustAna, 8 navambara 1970 kalA aura azlIlatA kalpa pAkSika, 1671, dillI zrImadbhAgavatagItA, gItApresa, gorakhapura

Page #323

Page #324
INDEX (For English reference books) 1 Kumla Roy"Concept of self' First Edition, 1966 - Calcutta 2 Dr R Krishnan 'Indian Philosophy 3 A Castell 'The Self in Plulosophy', First Edition 1965- America 4. S. Fiued: The Ego & The Id', Fourth Edition, 1847 5 "Psycho Analysis To-day', First Edition, 1948 - Gicat Britain Edited by Sandor---Lorand-George Allen & Unwis Winterjnitz 'A History of Indian Literature-Calcutta University 7 V. R. Gandhi "The Jain Philosophy', Second Edition, 1924 Bombay. 8 Arner "Elements of Socialism'-New York 9 Hevloc Ellis, "Sex Psychology'. 10 John Richman "A general Selection from the work of S Frued', First Publication in India, 1941--Allahabad 11 Vritz Writtels 'Critique of Love', First publishod in Great Britam, 1930-Copy right in U.S.A 12 Mahatma Gandhi. "The Voice of Truth", 1968- Ahmedabad. 13. Jayaprakash Narain. 'Socialism, Sarvodaya & Demo cracy'. 14. "Glimpse of Truth"

Page #325

Page #326
jenendra kA jIvana-darzana pRSTha prazasabhara paSTha prazuddha kI 28 nihAya mAgi 101 zuddha pAya paDhe--syAdAda meM phAyAzI tanika bhinnatA to yaha hai ki pratyaka kathana svaya apane 51 bArA bhAgya bAdhitA meM 'asti' aura 'nAsti' dono 53 meM ho| isameM gabhita hai ki vaha 'vastu hai, vaha vastu nahIM hai|' 'anantara' 103 parAba' apane 'parakha' me kaTTo apana hamama patyeka 10. sAhitya sAhitya ke mRjanAmA sRjanAtmaka pakSa meM... samabhAga samabhAnA 107 dhana ke dhana se svArtha padhikAza pAtra svArtha-sAdhana sAdhanA 71 kI prazraya nahIkA prazraya nahI 106 jainendra-dharma jaina dharma 71 mAga mahaza 113 jIvana 'prAnanda ikAI hI-- 71 satya ke 72 sahazya mahaza 113 visadIkaraNa vistAra ho to 114 asmi asthi 73 gatya svIkArya 126 manta mahanta rUpa 140 'nolae' 'to lAe' 75 pAramparika pAramparika 143 mana manamaya oo hy'| maza 147 aha se aha ke 76 paricAyikA paricAlikA 151 bhojya bhogya 76 abhimAnatA nirabhimAnatA 158 usakA usameM 80 mujhe 160 Astika AstikatA 82 sapazya saraza 163 aha kI aha ko 82 sukhadA se 'sukhadA' me 163 vaha AlocanA yaha AlocanA 87 'mudgala' pudgana' 175 hiMsAkArI hiMsA kA hI 88 jisameM jisase 176 bhUta

Page #327
pRSTha azuddha zuddha pRSTha azuddha zuddha 192 176 utbuddha utkaddha 256 rUpakAra rUpAkAra 162 avalamba hI avalamba kI 256 vidyA kA kSetra vidhA kA krodha 'bodha' kitanA kSetra itanA 167 samRddha karatA samRdva pratIta 256 abhivyakti abhivyakta 261 kaha panthA ka panthA 197 nirvaiyaktika nirvaiyaktika 262 nizrita / nihita 200 'vijJAna' 'vi-jJAna' 264 sAhitya- sAhityika 201 sAhitya ne sAhitya me prakriyA prakriyA 201 mizraNa nahI hai mizraNa hai 268 sArA dhana sArA bhrama 203 naitika anaitika 266 nahI pratIta pratIta hotI 210 hRdaya rUpa chadma hRdaya rUpa hotI 210 AtmadAsa AtmadAna 270 jainendrakumAra jainendra ke 215 Ananda aura Adarza aura anusAra yathArtha yathArtha 271 use 216 apUrNa prApUrNa 277 nimRta nibhRta 222 nirNaya niSedha 278 jIvana me jIvana ne 222 jAgitabheda jAtigata bheda 278 nimata nisRta 222 gaharI vyavasthA gaharI vyathA 276 tadyapi tathApi 226 apanI nijatva apane nijatva 280 antabhUta antarbhUta 226 'apanA pradarzana 'apanA-apanA 283 kyA meM yahI kyA mai yahI apanA bhAgya bhAgya' 284 ko atikramika ko atikramaNa 226 dhArmika Arthika 284 kI yathAtathya kI yathAtazya 235 zabdo kA dvandvo kA jhalaka 236 prema kA prema kA 285 dhudhAtmaka dvandvAtmaka AdhAra abhAva 287 'kalyANa' 'kalyANI' 238 niSedha na karake niSedha karake 287 'prIti itanI prIti kI 246 vidyA hai vidhA hai 265 rAjya se para rAjya se pare 247 AvazyakatAgata AvazyakatAvaza 300 me jAnatA kucha me jAnanA kucha 247 vikasika vikasita nahI hai, nahIM hai, 250 pAramparita pAramparika 308 Ama vAditA ahavAditA 252 jenendra jainendra 306 vicAra-bhauktika vicAra252 jainendra se jainendra ke mauktika 257 zeSa sAhitya zreSTha sAhitya 306 ye mauktina' ye mauktika REENTERTREERa hama