Jain Sanskrit Mahakavya

Author(s): Satyavrat
Publisher: Jain Vishva Bharati
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/006165/1

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya DaoN0 satyavrata

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya (pandrahavIM, solahavIM tathA satarahavIM zatAbdI meM racita) DaoN0 satyavrata adhyakSa, saMskRta-vibhAga; rAjakIya mahAvidyAlaya, zrIgaGgAnagara (rAja0 ) jaina vizva bhAratI prakAzana

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prathama saMskaraNa : 1986 mUlya / eka sau pacAsa rupaye/prakAzaka : jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, nAgaura (rAja.) mudraka : jaina vizva bhAratI presa, lADanUM-341306 / JAINA SANSKATA MAHAKAVYA SATYAVRAT Rs. 150.00

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prakAzakIya jaina vizva bhAratI kI prakAzana yojanA ke antargata sAdhvI saMghamitrA kI - sukhyAta kRti " jaina dharma ke prabhAvaka AcArya" ke pazcAt prastuta kRti "jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya" hai jo apanI paridhi meM eka vizAla kSitija ko sameTe hue hai / isa kRti meM vidvAn lekhaka ne pandrahavIM, solahavIM tathA satarahavIM zatAbdiyoM meM racita saMskRta mahAkAvyoM kI talasparzI evaM tulanAtmaka AlocanA prastuta kI hai| zAstrIya mahAkAvya, zAstra kAvya, aitihAsika mahAkAvya aura paurANika mahAkAvya -- ina cAra vargoM ke antargata 22 kAvya-granthoM para sUkSma vivecana isa kRti meM samAviSTa hai / apane kSetra kI eka advitIya amUlya kRti ke rUpa meM isakA samucita samAdara hogA, yaha asaMdigdha hai / jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM-341306 dinAMka 3-11-8 zrIcanda rAmapuriyA ku

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AzIrvacana prophesara satyavrata kI pustaka mere sAmane hai| isameM jaina mahAkAvyoM kA anuzIlana kiyA gayA hai / anuzIlana meM adhyayana parilakSita hotA hai| Ajakala mahAprabandha kI paramparA zikhara kI ora jA rahI hai, aisA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| prophesara satyavrata ne avazya hI ArohaNa kA prayatna kiyA hai / gambhIra adhyayana se jo nikalatA hai, usameM UMcAI ko chUne kI arhatA hotI hai| ___ vaidika, bauddha aura jaina-tInoM paramparAoM meM mahAkavi huye haiM / unhoMne bar3ebar3e kAvya likhe haiM / mahAkavi kAlidAsa, mAgha, bhAravi jaise kavi bahuta prasiddha haiM / azvaghoSa bhI vizruta haiM / jaina kavi bahuta ajJAta rahe haiN| isameM jaina vidvAnoM kI udAsInatA eka kAraNa hai| isakA dUsarA kAraNa hai-unake kAvya samIkSA se vaMcita rahe haiM / kaviyoM aura samIkSakoM ko dhAraNA rahI-jaina kaviyoM ke kAvyoM meM zRMgAra aura vIra rasa nahIM hotA / unake kAvyoM meM mukhya citraNa zAnta rasa kA hotA hai| isaliye unake kAvya anya kaviyoM jitane AkarSaka aura hRdayagrAhI nahIM hote / prophesara satyavrata ne jaina kAvyoM kA anuzIlana prastuta kara ukta dhAraNA ko vikhaMDita kiyA hai| kavi Akhira kavi hotA hai| virAga apanI sAdhanA kA prazna hai| rAgAtmaka citraNa sAmAjika yA laukika pariprekSya hai / himAlayI guphA meM jIne vAlA bhI laukika vRtta kI upekSA nahIM karatA, taba samAja ke bIca jIne vAlA vyakti upekSA kaise kara sakatA hai ? prastuta anuzIlana meM hIravijaya kAvya kavi-dharma kI eka naI dizA hai| bharata-bAhubalI mahAkAvya kathAvastu kI alpatA hone para bhI kavitva kI dRSTi se kAphI praur3ha hai / pAzrvAbhyudaya ke viSaya meM lekhaka kI eka TippaNI isa prakAra hai __ pArzvanAtha kAvya meM samAsabahulA bhASA kA bahuta kama prayoga kiyA gayA hai| jahAM vaha prayukta huI hai vahAM bhI zarat kI nadI kI bhAMti vaha apanA "prasAda" nahIM chor3atI / maMgalAcaraNa ke dIrgha-samAsa anuprAsa tathA prAjaMlatA ke kAraNa artha bodha meM bAdhaka nahIM haiN| padmasundara ko zabdacitra aMkita karane meM adbhuta kauzala prApta hai / zabdacitra kI sArthakatA isa bAta meM hai ki varNya viSaya athavA prasaMga ko aisI zabdAvalI meM aMkita kiyA jAye ki pAThaka ke mAnasa cakSuoM ko tatkAla pratyakSa ho jaae| chaThe sarga meM pArzvaprabhu ke vihAra ke antargata prabhaMjana tathA mahAvRSTi ke varNana kI yaha vizeSatA ullekhanIya hai|

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chaha samAlocanA kA stara zreSTha hai / usameM adhyayana kI gambhIratA parilakSita hotI hai| jaina vizva bhAratI ke kulapati zrIcandajI rAmapuriyA tathA anya adhikArI varga ne prastuta pustaka kA prakAzana kara janatA ko yathArtha se paricita hone kA avasara diyA / saMskRta kAvya ke anuzIlana graMthoM meM yaha pustaka ucita rUpa meM samAdRta ho pAegI / jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM dinAMka 3-11-86 yuvAcArya mahAprajJa

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Amukha guNa tathA parimANa meM vipula hotA huA bhI, jaina vidvAnoM dvArA racita saMskRtasAhitya, adhikAMza meM, upekSita hai| jahA~ jaineTara adhyetAoM ne ise sAmpradAyika athavA pracAravAdI kaha kara isakA avamUlyana karane kI ceSTA kI hai, vahA~ jaina vidvAnoM kA utsAha dArzanika tathA dhArmika sAhitya para hI adhika kendrita rahA hai| lalita sAhitya kI ora unakI vizeSa pravRtti nahIM hai, yadyapi jana lekhakoM ne kAvya, nATaka, campU, vyAkaraNa, chanda, alaMkAra, koSa Adi lalita tathA zAstrIya sAhitya kI sabhI vidhAoM ke mUlyavAn granthoM se sAhityika nidhi ko samRddha banAyA hai| akele AcArya hemacandra ne uparyakta prAyaH sabhI viSayoM se sambandhita itane vizAla sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA hai ki vaha kaI zodha-prabandhoM ko upayogI sAmagrI pradAna kara sakatA hai| isa vaividhya, vyApakatA tathA guNAtmakatA ke kAraNa saMskRta sAhitya ke kramabaddha itihAsa ke jJAna, vikAsamAna pravRttiyoM ke kramika adhyayana aura tathAkathita supta yugoM kI sAhityika gatividhi se paricita hone tathA usakI samagratA kA yathArtha mUlyAMkana karane ke liye jaina saMskRta-sAhitya kI upayogitA svataH spaSTa hai| phira bhI adhikatara Alocaka jaina lalita sAhitya ke anusandhAna kI ora pravRtta nahIM hue, yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai| DaoN0 nemicandra jaina ne saMskRta-kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM ke yogadAna kA mUlyAMkana karane kA bhagIratha prayatna kiyA hai, kintu pandraha-solaha zatAbdiyoM kI virAT kAvyarAzi ke sabhI pakSoM ke sAtha eka grantha ke sImita kalevara meM nyAya kara pAnA sambhava nahIM hai| isIliye pratipAdya kI vizAlatA ke kAraNa yaha grantha Alocya kAla ke kAvya kA sakala citra prastuta karane kI bajAya usakI rUparekhA-mAtra banakara raha gayA hai| jJAta tathA aprakAzita jaina sAhitya kA sarvAMgINa vimarza svatantra granthoM ke dvArA hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| saubhAgyavaza sudhI vidvAnoM ne isa dRSTi se jaina saMskRta-sAhitya ke adhyayana meM ruci pradarzita kI hai| pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI dvArA chaha khaNDoM meM jaina sAhitya ke bRhad itihAsa kA prakAzana, isa dizA meM, parama sarAhanIya kArya hai| terahavIMcaudahavIM zatAbdI ke jaina saMskRta-mahAkAvyoM para racita DaoN0 zyAmazaMkara dIkSita ke zodhaprabandha kA prathama bhAga prakAzita ho cukA hai / prastuta grantha usa zRMkhalA kI dUsarI kar3I hai / yaha hamAre zodha-grantha kA pariSkRta, vastutaH navapraNIta, rUpa hai, jise, kabhI atIta meM, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya ne pIeca-DI. upAdhi ke liye svIkAra kiyA thaa|

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ATha pandrahavIM, solahavIM tathA satarahavIM IsvI zatAbdiyoM meM, rAjanItika tathA dhArmika paristhitiyA~ anukUla na hone para bhI, jaina sAhitya kI gatividhiyA~vizeSataH kAvya racanA-prabala rahI haiM / isa yuga meM praNIta jaina saMskRta-mahAkAvyoM kA paryAlocana prastuta grantha kA viSaya hai / Alocya yuga ke jaina saMskRta -mahAkAvya cira-pratiSThita mahAkAvya-paramparA kA prasAra hai / yaha satya hai ki ve samavartI pravRttiyoM, apane racayitAoM ke pariveza tathA upajIvya granthoM ke prabhAva se anuprANita haiM, kintu unameM kramAgata paramparA se tAttvika bheda adhika dikhAI nahIM detaa| phira bhI jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM kI nijI vizeSatAe~ tathA pravRttiyA~ haiM / ataH vivecya mahAkAvyoM ke svarUpa ke samyak jJAna ke liye, prathama adhyAya meM, una preraNAoM tathA pravRttiyoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai, jo ina kAvyoM kI preraka haiM tathA jinhoMne inakA svarUpa nirdhArita kiyA hai / eka artha meM, yaha adhyAya, vivecita mahAkAvyoM kI zilpa evaM svarUpagata vizeSatAoM kA Akalana hai| agale cAra adhyAyoM meM Alocya yuga ke mahAkAvyoM kA sAMgopAMga vivecana kiyA gayA hai, jo grantha kA sarvasva hai / zailI ke AdhAra para mahAkAvyoM kA zAstrIya, zAstra, aitihAsika tathA paurANika ina cAra anubhAgoM meM vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| zAstrakAvyoM meM eka aisA kAvya (saptasandhAna) bhI hai, jo ukta zatI kI kRti na hone para bhI usa kavi kI racanA hai jisakA adhikatara jIvana satarahavIM zatAbdI meM bItA hai / zAstrIya mahAkAvyoM ke gaurava ke anukUla unakI samIkSA pahale kI gayI hai, tatpazcAt kramazaH zAstra, aitihAsika tathA paurANika mahAkAvyoM kI / isase vivecita mahAkAvyoM ke tithikrama kA kucha vyatikrama hotA hai| katipaya paurANika mahAkAvya kucha zAstrIya tathA aitihAsika mahAkAvyoM se pUrva kI racanAyeM haiN| kintu isa vyatikrama kA parihAra kisI bhI vaijJAnika vargIkaraNa se nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH mahAkAvyoM ke mahattva ke AdhAra para vargIkaraNa kA ukta mAnadaNDa anucita nahIM hai| prastuta yuga meM zAstrIya mahAkAvyoM kI racanA kama nahIM huI, yaha sukhada Azcarya hai| grantha meM ATha zAstrIya mahAkAvyoM kA vivecana milegA, yadyapi unameM se kucha ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM matabheda sambhava hai / Alocya kAla ke aitihAsika mahAkAvya do prakAra ke haiM / prathama prakAra ke aitihAsika mahAkAvya itihAsa ke prasiddha zAsakoM athavA mantriyoM ke vRtta para AdhArita haiM / dUsarI prakAra ke mahAkAvya, paramparAgata artha meM, aitihAsika pAtroM se sambaddha nahIM haiN| unameM jaina dharma ke bahumAnita AcAryoM evaM prabhAvakoM kA carita nirUpita hai / saba milAkara grantha meM 22 mahAkAvyoM kA paryAlocana kiyA gayA hai / inameM ATha zAstrIya mahAkAvya haiM, do zAstra kAvya, chaha aitihAsika tathA zeSa paurANika racanAe~ haiM / katipaya kAvyoM se to jaina vidvAn bhI, prathama bAra, isa grantha meM paricita hoNge|

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mahAkAvya kI samIkSA kI hamArI nizcita praNAlI hai / prArambhika paricaya ke pazcAt mahAkAvya ke svarUpa-nirmAtA tattvoM kA saMketa karate hue una pravRttiyoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jinake AdhAra para amuka racanA ko zAstrIya, aitihAsika athavA paurANika mahAkAvya mAnA gayA hai / taduparAnta kAvyakartA kA paricaya dekara tathA kAvya kA racanAkAla nizcita karake kathAvastu ke nirvAha, rasavidhAna, prakRticitraNa, caritracitraNa tathA bhASA-zailI kI kasauTI para mahAkAvyoM kA mUlyAMkana kiyA gayA hai| vibhinna mahAkAvyoM ke vivecana meM, ina tattvoM ke krama meM, unakI mahattA ke anurUpa, kamabeza parivartana karane kI svatantratA hamane avazya lI hai| jina mahAkAvyoM meM samasAmayika samAja kI mAnyatAoM athavA jaina dharma evaM darzana kA prasaMgavaza nirUpaNa huA hai, unakA vizleSaNa bhI vivecana ke antargata yathAsthAna kiyA gayA hai / aitihAsika mahAkAvya kI sArthakatA usake itihAsa evaM kAvyatva kI samAna saphalatA meM nihita hai| ataH aitihAsika mahAkAvyoM kA kavitva kI dRSTi se mUlyAMkana karane ke pazcAt unakI aitihAsikatA kI prAmANikatA kA parIkSaNa bhI kiyA gayA hai / jainAcAryoM ke jIvanavRtta para AdhArita katipaya mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA meM bhI isI praNAlI ko apanAyA gayA hai / isa yuga ke mahAkAvyoM ne pUrvavartI prakhyAta mahAkAvyoM kI dharohara ko kisa prakAra AtmasAt kiyA hai, isakA vizada vivecana hamane yathAprasaMga kiyA hai| vivecita mahAkAvyoM ke AdhAra-srotoM ko khojakara unase, sambandhita kAvya ke kathAnaka ke viniyoga tathA bhAva evaM bhASAgata sAmyAsAmya kA vimarza, prathama bAra isa grantha meM milegaa| yathAprasaMga vidita hogA ki mahApurANa tathA triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita prastuta mahAkAvyoM ke mukhya srota rahe haiN| tulanAtmaka adhyayana rocaka hone para bhI kitanA kaSTasAdhya hotA hai, isakA AbhAsa prabandha ke prAsaMgika aMzoM se hogaa| isa prakAra vivecana ko yathAzakya sampUrNa banAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai / samIkSA kA kalevara sarvatra kRti kI mahattA tathA viSayasamRddhi ke anurUpa hai / usameM vibhinna mahAkAvyoM se sambandhita sabhI Avazyaka bAteM sameTane kI tatparatA hai / vistAra ke prati hamArA Agraha nahIM hai, kintu katipaya mahAkAvya itane sundara haiM ki una para vistAra se likhanA anivArya ho jAtA hai| vivecya yuga meM do prakAra ke mahAkAvya prApta haiN| eka to ve, jo abhI taka aprakAzita haiM aura hastalikhita pratiyoM ke rUpa meM, deza ke vibhinna grantha-bhaNDAroM athavA vidyAvyasanI vyaktiyoM ke nijI saMgrahoM meM hI, upalabdha haiN| dUsare kAvya ve haiM, jo sAhityapremI zrAvakoM athavA dhArmika evaM sAhityika saMsthAoM kI udAratA se prakAzita ho cuke haiN| grantha meM jina mahAkAvyoM ko adhyayana kA viSaya banAyA gayA hai, unameM 17 prakAzita haiM, zeSa aprakAzita / hastapratiyoM ko prApta karane tathA unake prAcIna lekha ko par3hane meM kitanI kaThinAI hotI hai, yaha isa kSetra meM kAma karane vAle pratyeka vyakti ko vidita hai| bhaNDAroM ke adhipatiyoM ke svanirmita niyamoM kI

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dasa ber3iyoM se isa sAhityika nidhi ko mukta karavAnA prAya: asambhava hai / isa kaThora bandhana ke kAraNa hI sumatisambhava ke adhyayana ke liye usakI phoToprati se 'saMtoSa karanA par3A hai / kucha prakAzita mahAkAvya bhI aprakAzita jaise hI haiN| ve atIta meM idhara-udhara mudrita hue the / unheM bar3I kaThinAI se, vividha srotoM se, prApta kiyA gayA / uparyukta mahAkAvyoM kA prathama bAra isa graMtha meM samucita adhyayana kiyA gayA hai / aprakAzita racanAoM ke paryAlocana kI bAta to dUra unameM se sumatisambhava, sthUlabhadraguNamAlA, yazodharacarita ke astitva kA bhI adhikatara vidvAnoM ko patA nahIM thA / yadusundara kI ekamAtra upalabdha hastaprati kI jAnakArI svayaM hameM bahuta bAda meM milI thI / mUla prabandha meM yadusundara kA vivecana nahIM thA / prakAzita mahArajoM meM se bhI kucha kA chiTa-puTa saMketa mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI ke 'jaina sAhitya no saMkSipta itihAsa' tathA hIrAlAla kApar3iyA ke 'jaina saMskRta sAhitya no itihAsa' meM kiyA gayA hai / kintu mAtra ullekha sarvAMga adhyayana kA sthAnApanna nahIM ho sakatA / yaha bhI katipaya sujJAta mahAkAvyoM taka sImita hai / DaoN0 gulAbacanda caudharI ne 'jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa', bhAga 6, meM apekSAkRta adhika mahAkAvyoM kA paricaya diyA hai, kintu kucha mahattvapUrNa grantha unase bhI chUTa gaye haiM / jahA~ taka hameM jJAta hai, kevala hammIramahAkAvya kA itihAsa tathA kAvya donoM dRSTiyoM se, vistRta mUlyAMkana sudhI AlocakoM ne kiyA hai| hamane una sabakA yathAsambhava avalokana kiyA hai tathA AvazyakatAnusAra apanI samIkSA meM unakA sAbhAra prayoga kiyA hai / jaina kAvya racanAoM kA mahAkAvyatva nirNIta karanA dussAdhya kArya hai / jaina kaviyoM ne katipaya aise kAvyoM ko bhI udAratApUrvaka mahAkAvya ghoSita kiyA hai, 'jinameM sthUla lakSaNoM ke atirikta mahAkAvya kA koI svarUpavidhAyaka tattva nahIM hai| isake viparIta kucha racanAe~ aisI haiM, jinakI antarAtmA to kAvya kI hai, kintu unameM bAhya rUr3hiyoM kA nirvAha nahIM huA hai / isa viSaya meM hameM daNDI kA mata - nyUnamapyatra yaiH kaizcidaMge: kAvyamatra na duSyati - vyAvahArika pratIta hotA hai / jisa kAvya meM kathAnaka mahAn hai, rasAtmakatA hai, caritra kI udAttatA hai, bhASA-zailI meM yatheSTa paripakvatA hai, hamane use nissaMkoca mahAkAvya svIkAra kiyA hai, bhale hI unameM bAhya niyamoM kA pAlana na kiyA gayA ho| jinakI AtmA mahAkAvya ke anukUla nahIM hai, unheM mahAkAvya-kSetra se bahiSkRta kara diyA gayA hai / jayAnandakevalicarita, vikramacarita tathA karakaNDucarita ko mahAkAvya na mAnane kA yahI kAraNa hai / ina cAra adhyAyoM meM Alocya mahAkAvyoM ke sarvAMgINa vimarza ke pazcAt, upasaMhAra meM, pUrvavivecita mahAkAvyoM para vihaMgama dRSTi DAlakara saMskRta ke pratiSThita mahAkAvyoM kI paMkti meM unake sthAna kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai|

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gyAraha una saba hitaiSI vidvAnoM ke prati AbhAra prakaTa karanA merA naitika kartavya hai, jinase mujhe grantha-praNayana meM sahAyatA milI hai / prastuta grantha jaina sAhitya ke vikhyAta vidvAn, smRtizeSa zrIyuta agaracanda nAhaTA ke pathapradarzana tathA protsAhana kA pariNAma hai / mujhe jaina sAhitya meM dIkSita karane kA zreya unhIM ko hai| apane prati unake upakAroM ke liye maiM sadaiva unakA kRtajJa rhuuNgaa| DaoN0 kRSNaveMkaTezvara zarmA, bhUtapUrva nidezaka, vizvezvarAnanda zodha saMsthAna, hoziyArapura, ne aneka sAhityika granthiyoM kA bhedana kara merA mArga prazasta kiyA, isake liye maiM unakA AbhArI huuN| muni zrI nathamalajI (vartamAna yuvAcArya mahAprajJa), DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, zrIyuta dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara tathA svargIya pro0 pRthvIrAja jaina ke sahayoga ke binA grantha adhUrA raha jAtA / ina mahAnubhAvoM ne mujhe durlabha granthoM tathA hastapratiyoM ke adhyayana kI suvidhA pradAna kI / maiM ina sabake prati hArdika kRtajJatA jJApita karatA huuN| mere zodha-nidezaka, DA0 sudhIrakumAra gupta kA mArgadarzana tathA AzIrvAda mujhe sadaiva sulabha rahA hai / tadartha maiM unakA RNI hUM / maiM una saba vidvAnoM kA bhI AbhArI haiM, jinakI kRtiyoM kA prayoga maiMne prabandha meM kiyA hai / sahadharmiNI vimalA ne apanI akAdamika tathA pArivArika jimmevAriyoM ke sAtha-sAtha mere dAyitvoM ko bhI saharSa oThakara mujhe sAhityika kAryoM meM ekAgramana se pravRtta hone kA vAtAvaraNa pradAna kiyA, ataH vaha bhI dhanyavAda kI pAtra hai| grantha kA prakAzana paramapUjya AcArya zrI tulasI evaM yuvAcArya mahAprajajI ke AzIrvAda kA phala hai| jaina vizvabhAratI ke kulapati, sAdhumanA AdaraNIya zrIcaMda jI rAmapuriyA ne usa AzIrvAda ko mUrta rUpa diyA hai| maiM ina pUjyajanoM kI kRpA kI kAmanA karatA huA inakI caraNavandanA karatA huuN| yadi jana saMskRta-mahAkAvya ke prakAzana evaM mUlyAMkana meM athavA mahAkAvyaparamparA ke pariprekSya meM jaina sAhitya ke yogadAna ko samajhane meM prastuta grantha se tanika bhI sahAyatA milI, hamArA zrama sArthaka hogaa| satyavrata

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viSayAnukrama 17-222 16-47 48-74 75-66 100-123 124-152 153-184 185-207 208-222 prathama adhyAya Alocya mahAkAvyoM kI pravRttiyA~ tathA vizeSatAe~ dvitIya adhyAya zAstrIya mahAkAvya jainakumArasambhava : jayazekharasUri kAvyamaNDana : maNDana neminAthamahAkAvya : kItirAja upAdhyAya yadusundaramahAkAvya : padmasundara hIrasaubhAgya : devavimalagaNi bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya : puNyakuzala sthUlabhadraguNamAlAcaritra : sUracandra digvijayamahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi tRtIya adhyAya zAstra-kAvya devAnandamahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi saptasandhAnamahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi caturtha adhyAya aitihAsika mahAkAvya hammIramahAkAvya : nayacandrasUri kumArapAlacarita : cAritrasundaragaNi vastupAlacarita : jinaharSagaNi somasaubhAgya : pratiSThAsoma sumatisambhava : sarvavijayagaNi vijayaprazastimahAkAvya : hemavijayagaNi 223-256 225-236 240-256 257-364 256-262 263-305 306-320 321-336 337-351 352-364

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caudaha 365-485 paMcama adhyAya paurANika mahAkAvya zrIdharacarita : mANikyacandra sUriyazodharacaritra : padmanAbhakAyastha pArzvanAthakAvya : padmasundara pArzvanAthacarita : hemavijayagaNi jambUsvAmicarita : rAjamalla pradyumnacarita : ratlacandragaNi upasaMhAra sandarbha-grantha : zuddhi patra 367--362 363-404 405 - 416 420-442 443-464 465-485 486-488 489-462 463-464

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prathama adhyAya

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Alocya mahAkAvyoM kI pravRttiyA~ tathA vizeSatAe~ prathamAnuyoga ke zikhara se kAvya kA jo mahAnada pravAhita huA, usakI mukhya dhArA kA nAma jaina lalita sAhitya hai| samavAyAMga ke rekhAtmaka caritavarNana se saMketa pAkara paravartI jaina lekhakoM tathA kaviyoM ne apane sRjana ko gauravAnvita karane ke liye zalAkA puruSoM ke jIvanavRtta ko utsAhapUrvaka usakA viSaya banAyA hai| dhArmika Adarza tathA AcAra ko jana-jana taka pahuMcAne ke liye kAvya tathA kathA kA sarasa mAdhyama sarvatra upayogI hai| vastutaH jaina vAGmaya meM zAstra tathA sAhitya kI bhedaka rekhA adhika sthUla nahIM hai| pAMcavIM zatAbdI IsvI meM, valabhIpAcanA ke phalasvarUpa jaina Agama ke vyavasthita rUpa meM lipibaddha hone se pUrva Agametara sAhitya kA nirmANa Arambha ho cukA thA jisase jaina sAhitya kI ye donoM zAkhAeM eka-dUsare ke adhikAra-kSetra kA atikramaNa karatI dikhAI detI haiN| jaina mahAkAvya meM prAcIna mahAkAvya-paramparA se tAttvika bhinnatA nahIM pAyI jaatii| vaha usa gauravazAlI paramparA kA uttarAdhikArI hai, jo azvaghoSa se Arambha hokara zrIharSa ke samaya taka, apane samasta guNa-doSoM ke sAtha, pratiSThita ho cukI thii| aura isameM sandeha nahIM ki jaina kaviyoM ne, vivekI dAyAdoM kI taraha, usa pUMjI kA dakSatA se upayoga kiyA hai| yadyapi jaina kAvyazAstriyoM ne mahAkAvyasambandhI paribhASAoM kI tattvagata vizeSatAoM ko bahulAMza meM grahaNa kiyA hai, tathApi jinasena ke sUtra-mahApurANasambandhi mahAnAyakagocaram'--ne jaina kaviyoM ko isa gaharAI se prabhAvita kiyA ki jaina mahAkAvya purANonmukhI bana gyaa| vastutaH jaina sAhitya meM purANa mahAkAvya ke agragAmI tathA preraka haiN| yaha satya hai ki brAhmaNa purANoM ke viparIta jaina purANoM kA kAvyagata mUlya bahuta UMcA hai aura unake kaI prakaraNa AmUlacUla mahAkAvya kA AbhAsa dete haiM, para isa tathya kA bhI apalApa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki isa purANa-nirbharatA ke kAraNa adhikatara jaina mahAkAvyoM meM, purANoM kI bhAMti, pracAravAdI bhAvanA kucha adhika mukharita hai aura unakA pratyakSa athavA apratyakSa uddezya ratnatraya para AdhArita jaina siddhAnta tathA anuzAsana ko grAhya banAnA hai|' katipaya apavAdoM ko chor3akara jaina kaviyoM ne kAvya 1. kAvyAnuzAsana, 8.6 tathA vRtti, pR0 446-462 2. mAdipurANa, 1.66 3. padmapurANa (raviSaNa), 1.1

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya ko paMcavrata, syAdvAda, jIvAjIva, karma Adi siddhAntoM ke vAhana ke rUpa meM prayukta kiyA hai / raMjana tathA upayogitA kA yaha gaThabandhana vahIM taka atyAjya hai jahAM taka yaha kAvya kI AtmA ko abhibhUta athavA vikRta nahIM karatA / jainetara kAvyazAstriyoM ne bhI kAvya meM dhArmika tathA naitika upadeza ko sarvathA nakArA nahIM hai para isa viSaya meM unake dRSTikoNa kA saccA pratinidhitva viSNudharmottarapurANa kI yaha ukti karatI hai dharmArthakAmamokSANAM zAstraM syAdupadezakam / tadeva kAvyamityuktaM copadezaM vinA kRtam // 15-1-2 unake liye zAstra tathA kAvya kA vibhAjaka tattva 'dharmopadeza' hai / jisa kAvya ko tattvajJAna kA kSetra banA diyA jAtA hai, vaha unakI dRSTi meM zAstra ke nikaTa hai aura use kAvyamaya zAstra kahanA adhika upayukta hogaa| jaina kaviyoM ke AdhyAtmika cintana tathA saMskAragata pariveza meM isa tAttvika antara kI arthavattA adhika nahIM hai| __ kAvya kI pazcAdvartI samUcI gatividhiyoM kA srota jaina purANa haiM / katipaya purANakAroM ne apane triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita jaise virATkAya granthoM ko mahAkAvya kI saMjJA dekara prakArAntara se, unake Akara-svarUpa ko rekhAMkita kiyA hai| jaina kaviyoM ne apanI racanAoM se yaha udAhRta tathA pramANita kiyA hai ki dharmabhAvanA sAhitya ke lie hI nahIM, samAja ke liye bhI sphUti tathA preraNA kI akSaya saMjIvanI hai| paravartI kaviyoM ke liye jaina purANa Adarza ke dIpastambha haiN| jaina kaviyoM ne mAnya zalAkApuruSoM athavA anya mahaccarita ke AdhAra para, nAnA prakAra ke mahAkAvyoM kI vizAla rAzi kA nirmANa kiyA hai, jinameM se kucha apane kAvyaguNoM tathA anya viziSTatAoM ke kAraNa samagra sAhitya ke gaurava haiN| mahAkAvya ke tathAkathita zuSka yuga meM jaina kaviyoM ne mUlyavAna mahAkAvyoM ke dvArA kAvya-paramparA ko na kevala jArI rakhA hai balki use samRddha bhI banAyA hai| janetara mahAkAvya ke patana kA yuga jaina mahAkAvya ke utthAna kA kAla hai| pahale kahA gayA hai ki jaina kaviyoM ne pUrvavartI mahAkAvya-paramparA meM krAntikArI parivartana nahIM kiye haiN| ApAtataH jainetara tathA jaina kaviyoM dvArA praNIta mahAkAvyoM meM Antarika bheda dikhAI bhI nahIM detaa| parantu jaina matAvalambI kaviyoM ne, jo lagabhaga zata pratizata dIkSita sAdhu the, apane uddezyoM tathA AvazyakatAoM ke anurUpa, mahAkAvya-paramparA meM kucha ullekhanIya parivartana kiye haiM tathA unakI kucha nijI pravRttiyA~ haiM jinakA vizleSaNa jaina mahAkAvyoM ke svarUpa ke samyak bodha ke liye Avazyaka hai|

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bAlocya mahAkAvyoM kI pravRttiyA~ tathA vizeSatAe~ jaina mahAkAvya-praNetAoM ne maMgalAcaraNa ke zAstrIya vidhAna ko yathAvat svIkAra kiyA hai| jaina mahAkAvyoM ke maMgalAcaraNa adhikatara namaskArAtmaka athavA AzIrvAdAtmaka haiN| jayazekhara, puNyakuzala Adi ne sIdhA kathAvastu kA prArambha kara vastunirdeza-maMgalAcaraNa kI paramparA kA pAlana kiyA hai| sAhityazAstra ke niyama ke atirikta unake sAmane kAlidAsa (kumArasambhava), bhAravi Adi prAcIna mahAkaviyoM ke Adarza the| jaina mahAkAvyoM ke maMgalAcaraNoM kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve sadaiva eka padya taka sImita nahIM haiM, na unameM kevala abhISTa deva kI stuti kI rUr3hi ko svIkArA gayA hai| katipaya mahAkAvyoM meM, ekAdhika padyoM meM, jinezvara ke atirikta, siddhoM, gaNadharoM, vAgdevI athavA ratnatraya kI stuti/vandanA pAyI jAtI hai| anya pakSoM kI bhAMti hammIramahAkAvya kA maMgalAcaraNa bhI krAntikArI hai| isake sAta padyoM ke maMgalAcaraNa meM 'parama jyoti' kI upAsanA, zliSTa vidhi se RSabha, pArzva, mahAvIra, zAntinAtha, neminAtha ke sAtha-sAtha kramazaH brahmA, puruSottama, zaMkara, bhAskara, zazizekhara maheza tathA sarasvatI kI AzIrvAda-prApti ke liye udAtta bhAvapUrNa stuti kI gayI hai| yaha sAmpradAyika AgrahahInatA nayacandra kI udAratA tathA vyApaka darzana kA saMketa detI hai| AkAra kI daSTi se digvijaya-mahAkAvya kA maMgalAcaraNa saba sImAoM ko pAra kara gayA hai| isake pUre caubIsa dIrgha chandoM meM kramazaH caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti hai| Alocya yuga ke do mahAkAvya aise bhI haiM, jinake lekhakoM ne pratyeka sarga ko maMgalAcaraNa kI dRSTi se svatantra ikAI mAnA hai| rAjamalla ke jambUsvAmicarita meM yaha aura anUThApana hai ki isake sabhI bAraha sarga do-do jinezvaroM kI stuti se Arambha hote haiN| isa prakAra isameM sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke prati maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM zraddhA vyakta kI gayI hai| jainetara mahAkAvyoM meM isa prakAra ke vistRta tathA vaividhyapUrNa maMgalAcaraNa akalpanIya haiM / mahAkAvya ke isa ati sthUla tattva meM jaina kaviyoM ne mUla ko svIkArate hue bhI itanA parivartana kiyA hai ki ve AcArya hemacandra ke niyama se bhI bahuta dUra cale gaye haiN| neminAtha mahAkAvya Alocya yuga kI eka mAtra aisI racanA hai, jisake maMgalAcaraNa meM svayaM kAvyanAyaka nemiprabhu kI vandanA se puNyArjana kI balavatI spRhA hai / ' paribhASA ke anusAra jaina mahAkAvyoM kA kathAnaka prakhyAta athavA sadAzrita 4. Adau namaskriyAzIrvA vastunirdeza eva vaa|-saahitydrpnn, 6.316 AzIrnamaskAravastunirdezopakramatvam |-kaavyaanushaasn, 8.7 (pR.456) 5. vande tanneminAthasya padadvandvaM zriyAM padam / nAyarasevi devAnAM yan bhRgariva paMkajam ||-neminaath mahAkAvya, 1.1.

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya hai| jaina kaviyoM ke aitihAsika mahAkAvyoM ke atirikta sabhI mahAkAvyoM ke kathAnaka purANoM se gRhIta haiN| isIliye unameM, cAhe ve zAstrIya hoM athavA paurANika yA zAstrakAvya, bahudhA tIrthaMkaroM Adi zalAkApuruSoM ke samanvita athavA pRthak carita nirUpaNa karane meM kavikarma kI sArthakatA mAnI gayI hai| isa purANAzraya ke kAraNa jaina mahAkAvya, tAttvika rUpa se purANoM se bhinna hone para bhI, purANApekSI haiN| zAstrIya mahAkAvyoM ke racayitAoM ne purANa-prathita kathAnaka ke akAvyocita sandarbho kI yathAmati kAMTa-chAMTa kI hai parantu unakI pracAradharmI antarvatti unheM mahAkAvya meM paurANikatA kA samAveza karane ko bAdhya karatI hai| kAvyanAyaka ke kAryakalApa meM devavarga kA avicchinna sAhacarya, usakI viSaya-parAGmukhatA, svadharma kA gauravagAna tathA paradharma kI gardA paurANika racanA ke adhika anukUla haiN| zAstrIya kAvyoM meM suniyojita devastuti bhI usI vRtti se prerita hai| kAlidAsa ne bhI apane donoM kAvyoM meM eka-eka stotra kA samAveza kiyA hai kintu unake stotra kathAvastu ke svAbhAvika avayava haiM aura unameM pravAhita darzana kI antardhArA kAvyaguNoM ko Ahata kiye binA unheM ucca dharAtala para pratiSThita karatI hai| jaina kAvyoM meM stotrajAnabUjha kara Aropita kiye gaye pratIta hote haiN| unakA kAvyagata athavA dArzanika mahattva bhI adhika nahIM hai| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki jaina kaviyoM ke zAstrIya mahAkAvyoM se paurANikatA raha-raha kara jhAMkatI hai| purANocita sAmagrI ko yathAzakya chor3akara, jaina kaviyoM ne, mAgha Adi kI bhAMti, avaziSTa kathAnaka ko viSayAntaroM se mAMsala banAkara, kAvya zailI ke alaMkaraNa ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai jisase varNya viSaya varNana-prakAra kI tulanA meM gauNa pratIta hotA hai| isa dRSTi se unakA Adarza kAlidAsa nahIM balki patanonmukha kAla ke ve kavi haiM, jo kAvya kI kalAtmaka sajAvaTa ko mahAkAvya kA sarvasva mAnate haiN| paurANika mahAkAvyoM meM, purANa-gRhIta kathAnaka, AdyopAnta usI pariveza tathA zailI meM nirUpita haiM / purANoM ke atizaya prabhAva ke kAraNa, ina kAvyoM meM, karmaphala kI aparihAryatA ke pratipAdana ke liye, kAvyanAyaka ke pUrvabhavoM ke vistRta varNana pAye jAte haiM, jinhoMne do-do, tIna-tIna sarga, aura kabhI-kabhI kAvya kA AdhA bhAga lIla kara kathAnaka ko cakanAcUra kara diyA hai| paurANika mahAkAvyoM meM alaukika tathA ati prAkRtika ghaTanAoM kI bharamAra hai| siddha, gandharva, vidyAdhara Adi devI tathA arddha daivI pAtra kAvyanAyakoM ko alaukika zaktiyAM, amogha mantra tathA citra-vicitra vidyAeM dekara, unake mAnavI rUpa ko divyatA meM pariNata kara dete haiN| jaina kaviyoM ne apane paurANika kAvyoM meM romAMcakatA kA samAveza karane meM bhI kaMjUsI nahIM kI 6. itihAsomavaM vRttamanyadvA sajjanAzrayam |-saahitydrpnn, 6.318

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Alocya mahAkAvyoM kI pravRttiyA~ tathA vizeSatAeM hai| yaha spaSTataH apabhraMza kAvyoM ke prabhAva kA phala thaa| inameM rUpa-parivartana, kanyAharaNa, pAtAlagamana Adi lokakathAoM kI rUr3hiyoM ko paryApta sthAna milA hai / paurANika kAvyoM ke maMca ke adhikatara abhinetA devatA haiM / vAstava meM ina kAvyoM kA saMsAra atizayoM, alaukikatAoM tathA asambhAvanAoM kA avizvasanIya saMsAra hai / jaina paurANika mahAkAvya mUlataH dhArmika racanAeM haiN| unakA uddezya kathA ke vyAja se dharma kA upadeza denA hai| isaliye inameM kathArasa gauNa aura dharmabhAva pradhAna hai| jagat kI nazvaratA, bhogoM kI duHkhamayatA, vairAgyabhAva, AtmajJAna tathA sadAcAra Adi ke AdarzoM kA nirUpaNa karanA una kAvyoM kA mukhya viSaya hai / Alocya yuga meM do prakAra ke aitihAsika mahAkAvyoM kI racanA huI hai| hammIramahAkAvya, kumArapAlacarita tathA vastupAlacarita itihAsa ke suprasiddha zAsakoM tathA nItikuzala mantriyoM se sambandhita haiM, jo apane zaurya, utsarga tathA kUTanItika nipuNatA ke kAraNa rASTra ke Adara ke pAtra haiN| jahAM hammIra-mahAkAvya tathA vastupAlacarita kA itihAsa-pakSa prAmANika hai aura nayacandra apanI anveSaNavRtti yathA taTasthatA ke kAraNa Adhunika itihAsakAra ke bahuta nikaTa A jAte haiM, vahAM kumArapAlacarita meM kavi ke dhArmika Aveza tathA aitihAsika viveka ke abhAva ne itihAsa para haratAla pota dI hai| dUsarI koTi ke aitihAsika mahAkAvyoM meM jaina dharma ke tapasvI tathA niHspRha AcAryoM kA jIvanacarita nibaddha hai| tathyAtmaka nirUpaNa ke kAraNa ye kAvya sambandhita AcAryoM ke dhArmika itihAsa kI jAnakArI ke liye atyanta vizvasanIya tathA upayogI haiN| ina donoM zreNiyoM ke mahAkAvyoM meM se kucha, kAvya kI dRSTi se bhI, ucca pada para pratiSThita haiN|" isa yuga ke zAstrakAvyoM kA Adarza, bhaTTikAvya kI taraha vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM ko udAhRta karanA nahIM hai / sambandhita do mahAkAvyoM meM se eka meM samasyA pUrti kA camatkAra hai, dUsare meM zleSa ke dvArA sAta mahApuruSoM kA jIvana grathita karane kA udyoga hai / donoM bhASA ke utpIDana tathA bauddhika vyAyAma ke pratIka haiN| ___ kAvyazailI ke isa caturvidha vibhAjana ke bAvajUda jaina mahAkAvyoM meM uparyukta zailiyoM kA sammizraNa dikhAI detA hai / katipaya kAvyoM ko zailI-vizeSa kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa ukta vargoM meM sthAna diyA gayA hai| udAharaNArtha, mANikyacandrasUri kA zrIdharacarita chandazAstra ke sAmAnya vizleSaNa tathA vibhinna jJAtAjJAta chandoM ko udAhRta karane ke kAraNa zAstrakAvya kI padavI kA aura praur3ha bhASA tathA abhivyaMjanA zailI kI prabalatA ke kAraNa zAstrIya kAvya ke pada kA adhikArI hai, parantu antima 7. svAduMkAramimAH pibantu ca rasAsvAdeSu ye sAvarAH / -hammIramahAkAvya, 14.45.

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya do sargoM ke sindhuprabAha ne usake anya guNoM ko isa prakAra majjita kara diyA hai ki use paurANika kAvyoM meM sammilita karane ko vivaza honA par3atA hai| samrATa akabara tathA hIravijayasUri ke dhArmika tathA AdhyAtmika sambandhoM aura AcArya ke sAdhujIvana kA prAmANika srota hone ke nAte hIrasaubhAgya ko aitihAsika kAvya mAnA jA sakatA thA para yaha naiSadhacarita kI paramparA kA antima samartha uttarAdhikArI tathA vividha kAvyaguNoM se bhUSita hai| ataH isakA vivecana zAstrIya kAvyoM meM kiyA gayA hai| jaina mahAkAvyakAroM ne nAyaka se sambandhita zAstrIya vidhAna kA AMzika pAlana kiyA hai / devoM tathA kSatriya kula ke mahApuruSoM ko nAyaka banAnA zAstrIya bandhana kI svIkRti hai| parantu jaina kaviyoM ne vaNikvaMzotpanna vairAgyazIla tapasviyoM ko nAyaka ke gauravazAlI pada para AsIna kara mahAkAvya-paramparA meM navInatA kA sUtrapAta kiyA hai aura use devI-devatAoM ke vAyavIya vAtAvaraNa se utAra kara yathArtha ke dharAtala para pratiSThita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, yadyapi unake ina kAvyoM meM bhI alaukika tathA adbhuta prasaMgoM kI kamI nahIM hai / hIrasaubhAgya, somasaubhAgya, sumatisambhava Adi ke pUjya nAyaka vaizyavaMza kI vibhUtiyAM haiN| va raghuvaMza Adi kI bhAMti katipaya jaina mahAkAvya aise bhI haiM, jinameM ekAdhika pAtra nAyaka kI padavI para ArUr3ha haiM, yadyapi ve sadaiva eka vaMza ke vibhUSaNa nahIM haiM (ekavaMzabhavAH) / bharata-bAhubali-mahAkAvya meM bAhubali ko, kAvya ke kalevara ke roma-roma meM vyApta hone tathA usakI udAtta pariNati ke kAraNa kisI bhI prakAra nAyaka ke pada se cyuta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / vyaktitva kI garimA tathA pavitratA ke kAraNa hIravijaya bhI apane ziSya vijayasena ke samAna, vijayaprazasti ke nirvivAda nAyaka haiN| kAvyamaNDana tathA saptasandhAna meM nAyakoM kI saMkhyA, kramazaH pAMca tathA sAta taka pahuMca gayI hai / saptasaMdhAna ke sAtoM nAyaka sAta vibhinna kuloM ke vaMzaja haiN| yaha saMyoga hai ki ve sabhI jAti se kSatriya haiN| jaina mahAkAvyoM ke adhikatara nAyakoM meM ve samUce zAstravihita guNa haiM, jinake kAraNa nAyaka ko dhIrodAtta mAnA jAtA hai| para aise kAvya bhI kama nahIM haiM jinake nAyaka apanI nirliptatA tathA sthitaprajJA ke kAraNa 'dhIraprazAnta' zreNI meM Ate haiN| neminAthamahAkAvya, somasaubhAgya tathA jambUsvAmicarita meM nAyakoM kI dhIra prazAntatA kI pAvanatA hai / ratnacandrakRta pradyumnacarita ke pradyumna meM dhIroddhata nAyaka kI vizeSatAoM kA bAhulya hai| udhara padmanAbha ke yazodharacarita kA nAyaka Atma8. sadvaMzaH kSatriyo vApi dhIrodAttaguNAnvitaH / ekavaMzabhavA bhUpAH kulajA bahavo'pi vA ||-saahitydrpnn, 6.316

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-Alocya mahAkAvyoM kI pravRttiyA~ tathA vizeSatAe~ saMyama, viveka, dUradarzitA Adi nAyakocita guNoM se zUnya hai / zAstrabAhya varga se nAyaka cunakara dhIrodAtta ke atirikta dhIraprazAnta aura dhIroddhata vyakti ko bhI usa pada para AsIna karanA, jaina mahAkAvyoM kI eka anya vizeSatA hai / mahAkAvya meM zAntarasa kI pramukhatA siddhAnta se anumodita hai, para jainetara kavi isakI ora adhika AkRSTa nahIM hue haiM / aise jainetara mahAkAvyoM kI saMkhyA atyalpa hai jinameM zAntarasa ko aMgI rasa kI pratiSThA milI hai / jaina kaviyoM ne zAstramAnya zAnta rasa kI vyAvahArika niSpatti se use abhUtapUrva gaurava pradAna kiyA hai / yaha pAThaka ko viSayabhoga se vimukha kara nirveda kI ora pravRtta karane ke unake lakSya ke anukUla hai | kannaDa kavi ranna ( dasavIM zatAbdI) dvArA aMkita prAcIna jaina paramparA meM jinendra ekamAtra zAntarasa ke poSaka haiM aura usakA sthAyI bhAva 'tattvajJAna' hai ( ninage rasamonde zAnta me jinendra ) " / AcArya hemacandra kA kAvyAnuzAsana prakArAntara se isakA samarthana karatA hai" / Alocya yuga ke jaina kaviyoM ke liye zAnta sAdhirAja hai aura kAvya kI sArthakatA usake zAntarasa se paripUrNa hone meM" hai / jaina paurANika mahAkAvyoM meM to isa 'rasAdhipa' kI ucchalatA svAbhAvika thii| jina mahAkAvyoM kA aMgI rasa zRMgAra athavA vIra hai, unameM se bhI adhikAMza kI pariNati zAntarasa meM huI hai / zrIdharacarita tathA bharata - bAhubali - mahAkAvya isa dRSTi se vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / mahAkAvya meM zAntarasa ko mukhya rasa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karanA jaina kaviyoM kI zlAghya upalabdhi hai / kAvya meM zRMgAra rasa kI sthiti ke sambandha meM jaina kaviyoM kA dRSTikoNa aspaSTa, balki parasparavirodhI hai / ratnacandra ke liye zRMgAra kipAka ke samAna tyAjya hai" / padmasundara ne zrRMgAra ko rasarAja kA pada diyA hai aura usakI tulanA meM anya rasoM ko tuccha mAnA hai" / yadyapi nayacandra bhI Aveza meM 'ratirasa' ko 6. zrRMgAravIrazAntAnAmeko'GgIrasa iSyate / - sAhityadarpaNa, 6 / 317 10, Contribution of Jainism to Indian Culture ; Ed. R. C. Dwivedi, P. 43. 11. tathA hi tattvajJAnasvabhAvasya zamasya sthAyinaH........ / - kAvyAnuzAsana, vivaraNa, pR0 121 12. rasAdhirAjaM sevasva zAntaM zAntamanAzciram / - pradyumnacarita, 12-243 zAntaH rasaH pUritaH / - hIrasaubhAgya, 11-64 bhaja zAntarasaM tarasA sarasam / - bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya, 17-74 13. kipAkasadRzaM muMca zRMgAraM virasaM puraH / pradyumnacarita, 12.243 14. anyarasAtizAyI zrRMgAraH / - yadusundara, 6.53

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 'paramAtmarasa' se zreSTha ghoSita kara gaye" tathApi unakA vivekasammata mata yaha pratIta hotA hai ki kAvya meM pradhAnatA kisI bhI rasa kI ho, zrRMgAra kA puTa kAvyAsvAda ko dUnA kara detA hai / " jaina kaviyoM kI nivRttivAdI vicAradhArA aura zrRMgAra rasa meM spaSTa virodha hai kintu unhoMne zRMgAra ko na kevala apane mahAkAvyoM pramukha sthAna diyA hai apitu kucha kAvyoM meM, mAgha Adi ke anukaraNa para, usakA isa muktatA se citraNa kiyA hai ki ve ' kAmakalA' ke siddhahasta AcArya pratIta hote haiM / yaha bhI mAgha ke atyadhika prabhAva kA pariNAma hai ki katipaya vIrarasapradhAna kAvyoM meM kirAtArjunIya tathA zizupAlavadha ke samAna zRMgAra kA kAmazAstrIya zailI meM itanI pragADhatA se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai ki unameM gauNarasa (zRMgAra ) ne aMgI rasa ko rauMda Aster hai aura ye zRMgArapradhAna racanAoM kA AbhAsa dete haiM / zRMgAra ke citraNa meM khaNDatA, kalahAntaritA, mugdhA Adi nAyikA - bhedoM tathA sambhoga evaM viparIta rati ( puMzceSTitamAtatAna - yazodharacarita, 3.87 ) kA khulA varNana 'AtmA ko jAgrata karane vAlI manuhAra' kaise hai, yaha niSpakSa samIkSaka kI samajha se pare hai / para yaha tathya hai ki zRMgAra kA svacchanda citraNa karane vAle jaina kaviyoM kI bhI vRtti usameM nahIM ramatI / azvaghoSa kI taraha unheM bhI nArI malamUtra kA kutsita pAtra pratIta hone lagatI hai / 7 10 itihAsa prasiddha vRttoM para AdhArita mahAkAvyoM ke atirikta katipaya zAstrIya mahAkAvyoM meM bhI vIra rasa kI aMgI rasa ke rUpa meM niSpatti huI hai / zRMgAra ko brahmAnanda se zreSTha mAnane vAle nayacandra ko aba 'samarasambhavarasa' ko 'ratirasa' se uccatara dharAtala para pratiSThita karane meM saMkoca nahIM hai / " jaina mahAkAvyoM meM vIra rasa ke nAma para adhikatara vIrarasAtmaka rUr3hiyoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai, jinameM yoddhAoM kI vIratA kI apekSA yuddha ke pUrvaraMga ke rUpa meM dhanuSoM kI TaMkAra, kabandhoM ke nartana, 15. ratirasaM paramAtmarasAdhikaM kathamamI kathayantu na kAminaH / - - hammIra mahAkAvya, 7. 104 16. raso'sti yaH ko'pi paraM sa kiMcinnAspRSTazRMgAraraso rasAya / - vahI, 14-3617. purISamUtramUSAsu yoSAsu / - zrIdharacarita, 6-144 yatra garhitaM kicittatsarvaM strIkuTIrake / varcomUtrAdyasRGmAMsasambhRte kIkasoccaye // -- jambUsvAmicarita, 10-13 tulanA kIjiye - vanmUtraklinnaM karivarazirasspadhi jaghanam / - puruSArthopadeza, 28 15. zrRMgArataH samarasambhavo raso nUnaM vizeSamadhuratvamaMcati / - hammIramahAkAvya. 12.13

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Alocya mahAkAvyoM kI pravRttiyA~ tathA vizeSatAe~ 11 1 dvandva yuddha Adi ko vIrarasa kA paryAya mAna liyA jAtA hai" / vIra rasa kA sabase aTapaTA citraNa zrIdhara-carita meM huA hai / daivI zaktiyoM ke hastakSepa, vividha vidyAoM ke prayoga tathA nAyaka kI dayAlutA ke sahasA udreka ne mANikyasundara ke yuddha-citraNa ko kalpanAloka kA viSaya banA diyA hai / parantu isameM sandeha nahIM ki jaina kaviyoM kI mUla vRtti hiMsA ke viruddha hai / ataH yuddhavarNana unake liye zAstrIya vidhAna kI pUrti kA sAdhana hai anyathA unake liye saMgrAma viSa hai aura zastra kI to bAta kyA, puSpa se bhI yuddha karanA pApa hai"| rAjapUtI tathA khiljI senAoM ke ghanaghora yuddhoM kA jama kara varNana karane ke pazcAt nayacandra kI yaha ukti--na puSpairapi praharta - vyavidhividheyaH 21- - ekadama hAsyajanaka hai / karuNarasa ke citraNa meM jaina kaviyoM kA Adarza bhavabhUti kA uttararAmacarita rahA hai, jisameM pASANa ko rulAne tathA vajra ko vidIrNa karane meM karuNa rasa kI saphalatA mAnI gayI hai 12 / jaina mahAkAvyoM kI karuNA bhI cItkAra - krandana para AdhArita hai / phalataH vaha kAlidAsa kI painI vyaMjanA aura mArmikatA se zUnya hai / yadyapi vaha kabhI-kabhI hRdaya kI gaharAI ko avazya chUtI hai para isameM sandeha nahIM hai ki jaina kavi mAnava hRdaya kI karuNA ko ubhArane kI apekSA mRta vyakti ke guNoM ko smaraNa karane tathA vidhi ko dhikkArane meM hI karuNa rasa kI sArthakatA mAna lete haiM / use 'hRdaya ko vigalita karane vAlI karuNA kI barasAta kI saMjJA denA jaina kaviyoM ke karuNasacitraNa kA bhAvukatApUrNa mUlyAMkana hai / 123 karuNa ke samAna anya rasa bhI aMga rUpa meM jaina mahAkAvyoM kI rasAtmakatA kI vRddhi karate haiM / saMskRta sAhitya meM bIbhatsa rasa kA bahuta kama citraNa huA hai / kAvyamaNDana tathA kumArapAlacarita ke bIbhatsa varNana sAhitya ke apavAda rUpa sthaloM meM haiM / nayacandra Adi katipaya mahAn kavi mahAkAvya meM rasa ke mahattva se sarvathA abhijJa haiM" / yadusundara bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya, zrIdharacarita tathA hammIra mahAkAvya meM vastutaH vibhinna rasoM kI itanI pragAr3ha niSpatti hai ki unheM sAhitya zAstra kI bhASA 16. jambUsvAmicarita, 7. 231-241, yadusundara, 10.33- 42 Adi / 20. saMgaro gara ivAkalanIyaH / -ma0 bA0 mahAkAvya, 16.21; vigraho na kusumaM - rapi kArya: / - vahI, 16.24 21. hammIra mahAkAvya, 12.83 22. api grAvA rodityapi dalati vaktrasya hRdayam / - uttararAmacarita, 1.28 23. rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya, bhUmikA, pR0 17 24. vadanti kAvyaM rasameva yasmin nipIyamAne mubameti cetaH / - hammIra mahAkAvya, 14-35

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12 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya meM 'prapAnaka rasa' kA Akara kahA jA sakatA hai| isake viparIta katipaya kAvya 'AtmA' se lagabhaga zUnya haiN| unameM rasa ke kucha kaNa hI hAtha lagate haiN| vastupAlacarita, sumatisambhava, vijayaprazasti, devAnanda mahAkAvya tathA saptasandhAna isa dRSTi se nirAzAjanaka haiN| - kathAnaka ko puSTa banAne tathA usameM vividhatA aura rocakatA lAne ke lie jaina mahAkAvyoM meM vastuvyApAra ke nAnA varNana milate haiM / ina saba kA siddhAnta meM vidhAna hai25 / ina varNanoM kI doharI upayogitA hai| eka ora inameM kaviyoM kI kAvyapratibhA kA bhavya unmeSa huA hai, dUsarI ora ye samasAmayika samAja kA citra prastuta karate haiN| sabhI kAvyoM meM kAlidAsa jaisA yugacitraNa sambhava nahIM hai kintu kucha jaina mahAkAvyoM meM samAja ke vibhinna pakSoM kI rocaka jhalaka dikhAI detI hai / ina vastuvyApAroM meM se kucha kI varNanazailI tathA unameM prayukta rUr3hiyoM ke lie jaina kavi kAlidAsa, mAgha Adi prAcIna mahAkAvyoM ke RNI haiM / raghuvaMza ke prabhAtavarNana (paMcama sarga) ne katipaya jaina mahAkAvyakAroM ko bahuta prabhAvita kiyA hai| unhoMne na kevala ise sargAnta meM sthAna dekara kAlidAsa kI paramparA kA nirvAha kiyA hai balki usake antargata prAtaHkAla hAthI ke jAga kara bhI mastI se AkheM mUMda kara par3e rahane tathA karavaTa badalakara zrRMkhalA rava karane aura ghor3oM ke namaka cATane Adi rUDhiyoM kA bhI rucipUrvaka prayoga kiyA hai| vIratApUrNa kathAnaka meM puSpAvacaya, jalakrIr3A, surApAna tathA surata ke kAmukatApUrNa varNanoM para mAgha kA prabhAva spaSTa hai / inake antargata nAyikAbheda ke tatparatApUrNa nirUpaNa tathA sambhoga kI vividha mudrAoM kA srota bhI zizupAlavadha meM DhUMDhA jA sakatA hai / bhAravi tathA mAgha ne ina prasaMgoM ke dvArA apanI asandigdha kAmavizAradatA prakaTa kI hai parantu bAda meM ina prakaraNoM ne rUDhi kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA hai / inheM una kAvyoM meM, jinameM inheM Aropita karane se unakA uddezya tathA gaurava Ahata hotA hai, ThUsane meM pavitratAvAdI jaina kaviyoM ko koI vaicitrya nahIM dikhAI detA, yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai / jaina mahAkAvyoM ke prakRticitraNa bhI bahudhA mAgha se prabhAvita haiN| usI ke anukaraNa para jaina kaviyoM ne prakRti kA alaMkRta citraNa kiyA hai aura yamaka kA jAla bunane meM prakRticitraNa kI saphalatA mAnI hai / svayamvara aura usake pazcAt svIkRta yuvA nareza tathA tiraskRta rAjAoM ke yuddha kA prathama varNana raghuvaMza ke indumatIsvayamvara meM milatA hai, jise zrIharSa ne 25. kAvyAnuzAsana, pR0 458-456 ____ sAhityadarpaNa, 6-322-324 26. jainakumArasambhava, 10.80-84; yadusundara, 7.74-82 Adi / 27. raghuvaMza, 5.72-73; mAgha, 11.7; neminAthamahAkAvya, 2.54

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bAlocya mahAkAvyoM kI pravRttiyA~ tathA vizeSatAeM ananta vistAra tathA devI sahabhAga se asambhAvanAoM kI paratoM meM dabA diyA hai| kAvyamaNDana aura zrIdharacarita kA svayamvara-varNana kAlidAsa se prerita tathA prabhAvita hai; padmasundara kA Adarza naiSadhacarita kA svayamvara varNana rahA hai| purasundariyoM kA sambhramacitraNa mahAkAvyoM kI eka aisI rUDhi hai, jisake viSaya meM sAhityazAstra mauna hai / buddhacarita se udbhUta isa rUDhi ko pallavita karane meM kAlidAsa, mAgha tathA zrIharSa kA vizeSa yoga rahA hai / jainamahAkAvyakAroM kA isake prati kucha aisA anurAga hai ki aneka samartha kaviyoM ne isa prasaMga ko apane kAvyoM meM sotsAha sthAna diyA hai| jahAM jayazekhara aura padmasundara ne isakA prayoga vivAha ke saMdarbha meM kiyA hai, vahAM neminAthamahAkavya, bha. bA. mahAkAvya, hIrasaubhAgya, sumatisambhava tathA vijayaprazasti meM pravrajyA grahaNa karane ke liye jAte samaya kumAra ko dekhane ke prasaMga meM paurAMganAoM kI adhIratA kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| kAlidAsa ne isa sambhramacitraNa ko kavitva ke carama vindu para pahuMcA diyA thaa| ataH isa rUDhi ke prati asandigdha pakSapAta ke bAvajUda anya jainetara tathA jaina mahAkAvyoM meM kAlidAsa ke bhAvoM kI pratigUMja hI sunAI par3atI hai / nAyaka tathA pratinAyaka (?) ke dvandva yuddha se pUrva vipakSI senAoM kI bhir3anta ke varNana para mAgha ke samAnAntara varNana kA spaSTa prabhAva hai / bhAravi ke varNana bhI jaina kaviyoM ke antarmana meM avazya rahe hoMge / vastuvyApAra ke ye varNana sabhI mahAkAvyoM meM kamaveza pAye jAte haiM, yadyapi unakA guNAtmaka mUlya bhinna-bhinna hai| sAhitya kI anya vidhAoM ke samAna jaina mahAkAvya bhI prAcIna labdhapratiSTha mahAkAvyoM kA samAnAntara prastuta karane kI bhAvanA se prerita haiM / mAgha kI kAvyarUDhiyoM ne katipaya jaina mahAkAvyoM ko kitanA gaharA prabhAvita kiyA hai, isakA saMketa kiyA jA cukA hai / kucha kAvya pUrNatayA prAcIna kAvyoM para AdhArita haiM / bha. bA. mahAkAvya kathAnaka ke viniyoga meM mAgha kA RNI hai / ghaTanAoM ke saMyojana, rUDhiyoM ke paripAlana tathA rasacitraNa meM puNyakuzala mAgha ke paga-cihnoM para calate dikhAI dete haiM / devAnandamahAkAvya na kevala kathAnaka kI dRSTi se zizupAlavadha kA anugAmI hai apitu isameM mAghakAvya ke prathama sAta sargoM kI samasyApUrti ke dvArA mAgha-sadRza pANDitya sthApita karane kA ghanaghora udyoga kiyA gayA hai| mAgha vastuta: kAlidAsottara saMskRta-mahAkAvya ke ekacchatra samrATa haiM jinake sarvavyApI prabhAva se nayacandra jaise itihAsakAra bhI nahIM baca sake / jahAM ye kAvya, AMzika rUpa se, mAgha se prerita haiM, jainakumArasambhava kI racanA kAlidAsakRta kumArasambhava kA jaina samAnAntara prastuta karane ke uddezya se kI gayI hai / yadusundara ko zrIharSa ke bharakama kAvya kA laghu saMskaraNa kahA jA sakatA hai / kucha anya kAvyoM para bhI, vibhinna rUpoM meM, prAcIna kaviyoM kA nyUnAdhika prabhAva hai|

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya yaha saca hai ki jaina kaviyoM ke liye sAhitya kalAbAjI' nahIM balki dhArmika AcAra kI pavitratA aura sAdhanA kA aMga hai; parantu bhASA pANitya kI dyotaka hai, jaina mahAkAvyakAra isa tathya se bhalI prakAra paricita haiM / jaina mahAkAvyoM meM bhASA ke kaI stara dikhAI dete haiM / ye stara zailI-vizeSa ke anurUpa nahIM haiN| prAcIna kaviyoM kI paramparA meM racita adhikatara zAstrIya mahAkAvyoM tathA kucha aitihAsika mahAkAvyoM kI bhASA praur3ha tathA pariSkRta hai| inameM bhASA ko nAnA upakaraNoM se alaMkRta karane kI pravRtti pAyI jAtI hai / jainakumArasambhava. hammIramahAsAvya, yadusundara tathA hIrasaubhAgya meM vyAkaraNaniSTha prayogoM kI kamI nahIM hai| hIrasaubhAgya to naiSadhacarita ke vidvattApUrNa prayogoM se isa taraha bharapUra hai ki unakI sambI sUcI taiyAra kI jA sakatI hai / meghavijaya ke mahAkAvyoM meM, cAhe ve zAstrakAvya hoM asA zAstrIya zailI kA digvijayamahAkAvya, bhASA kI praur3hatA kRtrimatA tathA dulhatA meM pariNata ho gayI hai| inameM se adhikatara kAvyoM meM zleSa tathA yamaka kA adhika prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jisase inakI bhASA kahIM-kahIM bojhila bana gayI hai| neminAthamahAkAvya, sumatisambhava, yadusundara tathA digvijayamahAkAvya meM nAnA prakAra ke citrakAvya ne inakI bhASA ko dussAdhya banA diyA hai| zrIdharacarita meM apabhraMzabhASAcitra, prahelikA tathA samasyApUrti ke hathakaNDe bhI apanAye gaye haiM, yadyapi yaha mukhyataH paurANika zailI kA kAvya hai| dharmazarmAbhyudaya, naranArAyaNAnanda Adi pUrvavartI kAvyoM kI bhAMti Alocya yuga ke kisI mahAkAvya meM, pUre eka sarga meM, citrakAvya kI yojanA nahIM kI gayI, yaha saMtoSa kI bAta hai| devAnandamahAkAvya kI racanA mAghakAvya kI samasyApUrti ke AdhAra para huI hai, jisase yaha saptasandhAna kI taraha durbhedya bana gayA hai / dUsarI ora bha. bA. mahAkAvya hai, jo zAstrIya zailI kI racanA hone para bhI bhASA kI prAMjalatA tathA prAsAdikatA kA kIrtimAna sthApita karatA hai| paurANika mahAkAvyoM kI racanA vidvadvarga ke liye nahIM apitu sAmAnya janoM ko jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM kI zikSA dene ke liye huI hai / ataH inakI bhASA subodha tathA sarala hai / uddezya prApti ke Aveza meM ina kAvyoM ke praNetAoM ne bhASA kI zuddhatA ko adhika mahattva nahIM diyA hai / dhArmika tathA dArzanika siddhAntoM aura anya AdoM ke samarthana ke liye paurANika kAvyoM meM prAkRta gAthAeM tathA pararacita padya udAharaNa ke rUpa meM uddhRta kiye gaye haiM / zailI tathA viSayavastu meM ye kAvya purANoM ke adhika nikaTa haiN| 28. rAjasthAna kA na sAhitya, bhUmikA, pR0 20 29. AkRtyavAvajulaMca pANDityamiva bhASayA |--paarshvnaathcrit, 3.161 / /

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Alocya mahAkAvyoM kI pravRttiyA~ tathA vizeSatAeM 15 jaina kavi vidvattA pradarzita karane ke lie sAhitya-racanA meM pravatta nahIM hue, yadyapi unakI vijJatA meM sandeha nahIM hai / meghavijaya ke ekamAtra apavAda ko chor3akara Alocya kAla ke kaviyoM ke lie alaMkAra sAdhya nahIM haiN| ve abhivyakti ke sAdhana haiN| jaina kavi kAvyasaMdarbha' kI saundaryavRddhi ke upakaraNa ke rUpa meM alaMkAroM ke mahattva se pUrNatayA paricita haiM, parantu unhoMne alaMkAroM ke aucityapUrNa prayoga kA hI samarthana kiyA hai| phira bhI zAstrakAvyoM tathA katipaya zAstrIya mahAkAvyoM meM na kevala zleSa tathA yamaka ke dvArA racanAkauzala pradarzita karane kA sAgraha prayatna dikhAI detA hai balki citrakAvyoM ke vividha rUpoM se camatkAra bhI utpanna kiyA gayA hai / zleSa tathA yamaka kA jaghanyatama rUpa devAnandamahAkAvya, saptasandhAna tathA digvijayamahAkAvya meM milatA hai| arthAlaMkAroM meM se upamA se ina kaviyoM kA vizeSa anurAga hai / kucha kAvyoM meM prayukta upamAoM kI gaNanA sAhitya kI uttama upamAoM meM kI jA sakatI hai| prAcIna mahAkAvyoM kI taraha inameM jIvana ke vibhinna kSetroM tathA zAstroM se aprastuta grahaNa kiye gaye haiN| utprekSA, atizayokti, aprastuta prazaMsA, arthAntaranyAsa, dRSTAMta, prativastUpamA, tulyayogitA, samAsokti Adi camatkArajanaka alaMkAroM kI bhI jaina mahAkAvyoM meM kamI nahIM hai / vivecya yuga ke mahAkAvyoM ne chandoM ke prayoga meM zAstrIya niyama kA pAlana kiyA hai / sarga meM eka chanda kI pradhAnatA, sargAnta meM chandaparivartana tathA eka sarga meM nAnA chandoM kA prayoga-yaha zAstrIya bandhana ina kaviyoM ko mAnya hai| paurANika kAvyoM tathA sthUlabhadraguNamAlA meM Adyanta anuSTup kA prayoga saralatA kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| zrIdharacarita meM chandoM ke prAyogika udAharaNa prastuta karane kI vyagratA ke kAraNa 66 chanda prayukta kara kIttimAna sthApita kiyA gayA hai| inameM ekAkSara 'zrI' se lekara 'daNDaka' taka vividha chanda zAmila haiN| zrIdharacarita kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM pahale chandoM ke lakSaNa diye gaye haiM, phira unheM udAhRta kiyA gayA hai / isameM vadanaka, aDillA, AkhyAnakI, SaTpadI, caNDakAla, mRdaMga, krauMcapadA, halamukhI, paddhaTikA, sudattam Adi aise chanda bhI haiM jinakA zAyada hI anyatra prayoga huA ho / anya mahAkAvyoM meM bhI apracalita chandoM ke prayoga ke dvArA chandazAstrIya jJAna prakaTa karane kI pravRtti hai| kucha chanda prAkRta tathA apabhraMza se prabhAvita haiN| 30. sAlaMkAraH kake kAvyasamarma iva vyabhAt |-paarshvnaathmhaakaavy, 3.156 31. yayaucityamalaMkArAn sthApayAmAsa paarthivH|-paarvnaathcrit, 4.261

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dvitIya adhyAya zAstrIya mahAkAvya

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1. jainakumArasambhava : jayazekharasUri meghadUta kI bhAMti kAlidAsa ke kumArasambhava ne kisI abhinava sAhityika vidhA kA pravartana to nahIM kiyA, kintu mahAkavi ke isa kAvya se preraNA grahaNa kara jina tIna-cAra kumArasambhava-saMjJaka kRtiyoM kI racanA huI hai, unameM, jayazekharasUri kA jainakumArasambhava (jai. ka. sambhava), apane vividha guNoM tathA mahAkAvya-paramparA ke samyak nirvAha ke kAraNa vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / kAlidAsakRta kumArasambhava ke samAna jaina. ku. sambhava kA uddezya kumAra (bharata) ke janma kA varNana karanA hai, kintu, jisa prakAra kumArasambhava ke prAmANika bhAga (prathama ATha sarga) meM kAttikeya kA janma vaNita nahIM hai, usI prakAra jaina kavi ne bhI apane kAvya meM bharatakumAra ke janma kA pratyakSa ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / isa dRSTi se donoM kAvyoM ke zIrSaka unake pratipAdita viSaya para pUrNatayA caritArtha nahIM hote / parantu jahAM kAlidAsa ne aSTama sarga meM, pArvatI ke garbhAdhAna ke dvArA kumAra kAttikeya ke bhAvI janma kI vyaMjanA karake kAvya ko samApta kara diyA hai, vahAM jainakumArasambhava meM sumaMgalA ke garbhAdhAna kA saMketa karane ke pazcAt bhI (6/74) kAvya ko pAMca atirikta sargoM meM ghasITA gayA hai / yaha avAMchanIya vistAra kavi kI varNanAtmaka prakRti ke anurUpa hai, para isase kathAnaka kI anviti chinna ho gayI hai aura kAvya kA anta atIva Akasmika huA hai| jainakumArasambhava kA mahAkAvyatva bhAmaha se lekara vizvanAtha taka, saMskRta ke prAcIna samIkSaka AcAryoM ne mahAkAvya kI antarAtmA kI apekSA usake sthUla zarIra kA adhika nirUpaNa kiyA hai| isa sthUlatAvAdI dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa bhAmaha ke pazcAt kAvyAcAryoM ke mahAkAvya-sambandhI lakSaNa uttarottara saMkalanAtmaka hote gaye / caudahavIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha sAhityazAstrI vizvanAtha ne apane lakSaNa meM pUrvavartI mahAkAvya-paribhASAoM meM nirdiSTa sabhI sthUlAsthUla tattvoM kA samAhAra karane kI ceSTA kI hai| ina paribhASAoM ne mahAkAvyakAroM ke liye eka durbhedya cAradIvArI nirmita kara dI hai| usa paridhi ke bandhana meM hI saMskRta mahAkAvyoM kI racanA huI hai / mahAkAvya meM sabhI 1. AryarakSita pustakoddhAra saMsthA, jAmanagara, samvat 2000 .. 2. sAhityadarpaNa, 6/315-24

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya lakSaNoM kA yathAvat nirvAha karanA na sambhava hai, na vAMchanIya / zAstravihita tattvoM meM se kucha ke abhAva meM, koI mahAkAvya mahAkAvya-pada se cyuta nahIM ho jAtA / daNDI ne isa vAstavikatA ko bahuta pahale svIkAra kiyA thaa| mahAkAvya kI rUDha paramparA ke anusAra jai. ku. sambhava kA Arambha magalAcaraNa se huA hai, jo usake AdarzabhUta, kAlidAsa ke kumArasambhava ke samAna vastunirdezAtmaka hai| RSabhacarita kA jambUdvIpaprajJapti, AdipurANa, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita Adi jaina srotoM ke atirikta brAhmaNapurANoM, vizeSataH bhAgavatapurANa, meM savistAra nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / bhAratIya samAja kI vaidika tathA zramaNa donoM dhArAoM meM mAnya hone ke kAraNa jainakumArasambhava ke kathAnaka ko nyAyapUrvaka 'prakhyAta' (itihAsakathodbhUta) mAnA jA sakatA hai| vizvanAtha ne devatA athavA dhIrodAttatvAdi guNoM se sampanna sadvaMza kSatriya ko mahAkAvya kA nAyaka mAnA hai| RSabhadeva mahAn ikSvAkukula ke vaMzaja haiM tathA unameM ve samagra vizeSatAeM nihita haiM, jo dhIrodAtta nAyaka meM apekSita haiN| rasa kI dRSTi se jai. ku. sambhava kI vicitra sthiti hai / RSabhadeva ke vivAha tathA bharata ke janma se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa isameM zRMgAra kI pramukhatA apekSita thI, parantu jayazekhara ne RSabha ko muktikAmI vItarAga ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai jisase usakA kAvya zRMgAra kI pragADhatA se vaMcita ho gayA hai / zAntarasa bhI sUkSma saMketoM ke atirikta aMgI rasa ke rUpa meM paripakva nahIM ho sakA hai / phalataH jai.ku. sambhava meM koI bhI rasa itanA uddAma athavA puSTa nahIM hai ki use pradhAna rasa ke pada para AsIna kiyA jA sake / sAmAnyataH zrRMgAra ko jai. ku. sambhava kA abhilaSita aMgI rasa mAnane se paramparA kA nirvAha ho sakatA hai| puruSArthacatuSTaya meM se jainakumArasambhava kA uddezya eka dRSTi se dharmasiddhi hai aura dUsarI dRSTi se artha kI sAdhanA / Adideva ke carita ke mAdhyama se jaina dharma ke gaurava kA nirUpaNa karanA kavi kA parokSa prayojana hai| jai. ku. sambhava ke pariveza meM arthasiddhi kA tAtparya laukika abhyudaya hai| cakravartI putra kI prApti se pArivArika evaM rASTrIya jIvana ke utthAna ke Adarza se jai. ku. sambhava satata anuprANita hai / kAvya kA zIrSaka isake abhISTa pratipAdya para AdhArita hai, yadyapi vaha vartamAna varNita viSaya para pUrNatayA ghaTita nahIM hotA / sumaMgalA ke garbhAdhAna ko kumAra ke janma kA pUrvAbhAsa mAnane se sambhavataH isa kaThinAI kA nirAkaraNa ho sakatA hai| aSTama sarga ke nAma 'caturdazasvapnAvadhAraNa' se dyotita hai ki sargoM ke nAmakaraNa meM bhI kavi ko paramparAgata niyama mAnya thA / jayazekhara ne chandoM ke vidhAna meM zAstra kA yathAvat pAlana kiyA hai / kAvya meM vivAha, rAtri, candrodaya, prabhAta, sUryodaya, madhyAhna Adi 3. nyUnamapyatra yaH kazcidaMgaiH kAvyaM na duSyati |-kaavyaadrsh, 1/20

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jainakumArasambhava : jayazekharasUri 21 ke kalpanApUrNa varNana isakI kathAvastu ko samRddha banAte haiM / isakI bhASA meM mahAkAvyocita prauDhatA tathA pariSkAra aura zailI meM kAmya bhavyatA hai / jainakumArasambhava meM yuga jIvana, vizeSakara vaivAhika paramparAoM kA vistRta citraNa kavi ke sAmayika bodha tathA saMvedanazIlatA kA dyotaka hai / ye vizeSatAeM jai. ku. sambhava ke mahAkAvyatva kI pratiSThA ke AdhAra haiM / jainakumArasambhava kA svarUpa jayazekhara ne purANavarNita RSabhacarita ko mahAkAvya kA viSaya banAyA hai / jai. ku. sambhava meM devoM kA kAvya ke pAtroM se itanA ghaniSTha sambandha hai ki ise nissaMkoca devaveSTita kahA jA sakatA hai / sUtradhAra kI bhAMti jo pAtra kAvya ke kAryakalApa kA Adyanta saMcAlana karatA hai, vaha devAdhipati indra hai / kintu martya aura amartya ke isa milana ke kAraNa jai. ku. sambhava ko paurANika kAvya mAnanA ucita nahIM hai | kAvya ke svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa kathA - pariveza ke AdhAra para nahIM apitu usake prastutIkaraNa, kAvya kI bhASA-zailI tathA usake vAtAvaraNa kI samagratA ke AdhAra para honA cAhiye / isa dRSTi se dekhane para jai. ku. sambhava ke zAstrIya zailI kI racanA hone meM sandeha nahIM rahatA / isakI purANagRhIta kathAvastu ko parimArjita tathA garimApUrNa bhASA-zailI meM varNita kiyA gayA hai, jo kavi kI bahuzrutatA ko bimbita karatI hai / paurANika kAvyoM kI taraha jai. ku. sambhava meM pratyakSataH dharmapracAra kA Agraha nahIM hai / yaha avAntara kathAoM tathA pUrvabhavoM ke paurANika varNanoM se bhI mukta hai / isake viparIta zAstrIya zailI ke mahAkAvya kI prakRti ke anurUpa jai. ku. sambhava meM varNya viSaya kI apekSA abhivyaMjanA zailI adhika mahattvapUrNa hai / svalpa kathAnaka tathA kAvya ke AkAra meM antara isI pravRtti kA pariNAma hai / kaviparicaya tathA racanAkAla jainakumArasambhava se isake yazasvI praNetA jayazekharasUri ke jIvanavRtta athavA kAvya ke racanAkAla kA koI vizvasta sUtra hastagata nahIM hotA / kAvya meM prAntaprazasti ke abhAva kA yaha duHkhada pariNAma hai / jayazekhara paTTadhara nahIM the, ataH paTTAvaliyoM meM bhI unakA vivaraNa prApta nahIM hai / jaM. ku. sambhava ke pratyeka sarga kI TIkA ke anta meM TIkAkAra dharmazekhara ne jayazekhara kI sAhityika upalabdhiyoM kA jo saMketa kiyA hai. usase vidita hotA hai ki jayazekhara kAvyasaritA ke 'udgamasthala' tathA 'kavighaTA' ke mukuTa the / jainakumArasambhava ke racayitA kI kavitvazakti tathA kAvyakauzala ko 4. sUri : zrIjayazekharaH kavighaTA koTI rahI racchaviH - dhammalAdimahAkavitvakalanA kallolinIsAnumAn /

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22 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya dekhate hue yaha ziSya (TIkAkAra) kI gurubhakti se utprerita zraddhAMjali mAtra nahIM hai| dhammilakumAracarita kI prazasti meM jayazekhara ne svayaM kavicakradhara' vizeSaNa ke dvArA apanI prabala kavitvazakti ko rekhAMkita kiyA hai| dhammilacarita kI prazasti meM nirUpita aMcalagaccha kI paramparA se spaSTa hai ki jayazekhara, aMcalagaccha ke prakhyAta paTTadhara, mahendraprabhasUri ke dvitIya ziSya the| sahasragaNA gAMdhI govinda seTha ne, samvat 1414 meM, ratnapura meM, jo jinaprAsAda banavAyA thA, usakI pratiSThA jayazekhara kI preraNA se kI gayI thii| pethApura ke jinAlaya kI dhAtumUrti para aMkita lekha meM jayazekharasUri kA ullekha hai, kiMtu usameM nirdiSTa varSa (samvat 1517) bhrAmaka hai| yadi varSa zuddha hai to jayazekhara kA ullekha asaMgata hai / saM0 1517 ko nirdoSa mAnane se, ukta mUrti kI pratiSThA ke samaya, jayazekhara kI dIrghAyu (lagabhaga 125 varSa) kI puSTi kisI anya sAdhana se nahIM hotii| dhammilacarita ke racanAkAla, samvat 1462, taka unakI sthiti asandigdha hai| jayazekhara zAkhAcArya, bahuzruta vidvAn tathA pratibhAzAlI kavi the| saMskRta, prAkRta Adi bhASAoM meM nirmita unakI vibhinna kRtiyAM, unakI vidvattA kI dyotaka haiM / prabodhacintAmaNi kI racanA samvat 1436 meM sampanna huI thii| upadezacintAmaNi tathA dhammilacarita eka hI varSa, samvat 1462 meM likhe gaye the| kumArasambhava unakI sarvottama racanA hai / jayazekhara ko sAhitya meM jo yaza prApta hai, usakA AdhAra yahI jainakumArasambhava hai / isakI racanA samvat 1462 (1405 IsvI) se pUrva ho cukI thii| dhammilacarita ko prazasti meM jainakumArasambhava ke nirdhAnta nAmollekha se yaha nizcita hai / jainakumArasambhava sambhavataH pandrahavIM zatAbdI IsvI ke prArambhika varSoM 5. dhammilakumAracarita, prazasti, 7. 6. vahI, 3-6. 7. paNDita hI. cha. lAlana, jainagotrasaMgraha, pR. 65. 8. saM. 1517 varSe sA. zrIvIravaMze zre. cAMpA bhAryA jayazekharasUrINAmupadezena svazreyase zrIsumatinAbiMba kA0 / buddhisAgara : jainadhAtupratimAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 1, lekhAMka 688. 9- dviSaT vAridhicandrAMkavarSe vikramabhUpateH / akAri tanmanohAri pUrNa gurjaramaNDale // dhammilacarita, prazasti, 10. hIrAlAla kApaDiyA : jaina saMskRta sAhitya no itihAsa, bhAga 2, pa. 163 10 prabodhacintAmaNiradbhutastathopadezacintAmaNirarthapezalaH / / vyadhAyi yarjanakumArasambhavAbhidhAnata: sUktisudhAsarovaram // dhammilacarita, prazasti , 8.

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jainakumArasambhava : jayazekharasUri meM nirmita kRti hai / jayazekhara ke ziSya dharmazekhara ne samvat 1482 (san 1425) meM, isa kAvya para TIkA likha kara, guru ke prati sArasvata zraddhAMjali arpita kI hai| deze sapAdalakSe sukhalakSye padyare (!) purapravare / nayanavasuvAdhicandra varSe harSeNa nirmitA seyam // " uparyukta cAra granthoM ke atirikta jayazekhara kI kucha anya saMskRta tathA gujarAtI racanAe~ bhI upalabdha haiM / Atmakulaka, dharmasarvasva, ajitazAntistava, saMbodhasaptikA, naladamayantIcampU, nyAyamaMjarI tathA katipaya dvAtriMzikAe~ unakI maulika saMskRta racanAe~ haiM / tribhuvanadIpakaprabandha, paramahaMsaprabandha, prabodhacintAmaNi caupAI, antaraMga caupAI kI racanA gujarAtI meM huI hai| kathAnaka jainakumArasambhava ke gyAraha sargoM meM Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke vivAha tathA unake putrajanma kA varNana karanA kavi kA abhISTa hai / kAvya kA Arambha ayodhyA ke varNana se hotA hai, jisake antargata vahAM ke vAsiyoM kI dhanADhyatA, dharmaniSThA tathA zIlasampannatA kA kavitvapUrNa nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / dhanapati kubera ne, apanI priya nagarI alakA kI sahacarI ke rUpa meM, ayodhyA kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| ayodhyA ke niveza se pUrva, jaba yaha deza ikSvAkubhUmi ke nAma se khyAta thA, Adideva yugmipati nAbhi ke putra ke rUpa meM utpanna hue the| sarga ke zeSAMza meM RSabha ke zaizava, yauvana, rUpasampadA tathA yazaHprasAra kA manorama citraNa hai / dvitIya sarga meM devagAyaka tumburu tathA nArada se yaha jAnakara ki RSabhadeva abhI avivAhita haiM, surapati indra unheM vaivAhika jIvana meM pravRtta karane ke liye tatkAla ayodhyA ko prasthAna karate haiM / isa prasaMga meM unakI yAtrA tathA aSTApada parvata kA rocaka varNana kiyA gayA hai / tRtIya sarga meM indra nAnA yuktiyAM dekara RSabha ko gArhasthya jIvana svIkAra karane ke liye prerita karate haiN| unake mauna ko svIkRti kA dyotaka mAnakara indra unakI sagI bahanoM-sumaMgalA tathA sunandA se unakA vivAha nizcita karatA hai aura devavRnda ko vivAha ke Ayojana kA Adeza detA hai / yahIM vadhuoM kI vivAhapUrva sajjA kA kavitvapUrNa varNana hai| 11. TIkAprazasti, 5. 12. jayazekhara kI katipaya anya laghu saMskRta racanAe~ abhI prApta huI haiN| hasta prati muni kalApramAsAgara, jaina mandira, mATuMgA, bambaI ke saMgraha meM hai| 13 "zAkyoM meM bhI bhaginI-vivAha pracalita thaa| mahAvaMsa meM ullekha hai ki lATa deza ke rAjA sIlabAhu ne apanI bhaginI ko paTarAnI bnaayaa| Rgveda kA yama-yamI saMvAda bhI draSTavya hai"| -jagadIzacandra jaina jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, vArANasI, 1965, pR. 3, pA. Ni. 2.

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24 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya - snAna-sajjA ke uparAnta RSabha jaMgama prAsAdatulya airAvata para ArUDha hokara vadhUgRha ko prasthAna karate haiM / pANigrahaNotsava meM bhAga lene ke liye samUcA devamaNDala dharA "para utara AyA, mAno svarga bhUmi kA atithi bana gayA ho / caturtha sarga ke uttarArddha tathA paMcama sarga ke adhikAMza meM tatkAlIna vivAha - paramparAoM kA sajIva citraNa hai / pANigrahaNa sampanna hone para RSabhadeva vijayI samrAT kI bhAMti ghara lauTa Ate haiM / yahIM, dasa padyoM meM, unheM dekhane ko lAlAyita purasundariyoM ke sambhrama kA rocaka citraNa hai| chaThA sarga rAtri, candrodaya, SaDRtu Adi vastuvyApAra ke varNanoM se paripUrNa hai / RSabhadeva navoDhA vadhuoM ke sAtha zayanagRha meM praviSTa hue jaise tattvAnveSI mati tathA smRti ke sAtha zAstra meM praveza karatA hai / sarga ke anta meM sumaMgalA ke garbhAdhAna kA saMketa milatA hai| sAtaveM sarga meM sumaMgalA ko caudaha svapna dikhAI dete haiM / vaha unakA phala jAnane ke lie pati ke vAsagRha meM jAtI hai / aSTama sarga meM RSabhadeva sumaMgalA ke asAmayika Agamana ke viSaya meM nAnA vitarka karateM haiM / unakA manarUpI dvArapAla una svapnoM ko buddhibAhu se pakar3a kara vicArasabhA meM le gayA aura unake hRdaya ke dhIvara ne vicAra- payodhi kA avagAhana kara unheM phalarUpI motI bheMTa kiye / naveM sarga meM RSabha sumaMgalA ke gaurava kA bakhAna tathA svapnaphala kA vistArapUrvaka nirUpaNa karate haiM / yaha jAnakara ki ina svapnoM ke darzana se mujhe caudaha vidyAoM se sampanna cakravartI putra kI prApti hogI, sumaMgalA Ananda-vibhora ho jAtI hai / dasaveM sarga meM sumaMgalA apane vAsagRha meM AtI hai aura sakhiyoM ko samUce vRttAnta se avagata karAtI hai| gyArahaveM sarga meM indra sumaMgalA ke saubhAgya kI sarAhanA karatA hai tathA use vizvAsa dilAtA hai ki "tumhAre pati kA vacana kadApi mithyA nahIM ho sakatA / avadhi pUrNa hone para tumheM putraratna kI prApti hogii| usake nAma (bharata) se yaha deza 'bhArata' tathA vANI 'bhAratI' kahalAegI / madhyAhna varNana ke sAtha kAvya sahasA samApta ho jAtA hai / adhikAMza kAlidAsottara mahAkAvyoM kI bhA~ti jainakumArasambhava ko kathAvastu ke nirvAha kI dRSTi se saphala nahIM kahA jA sakatA / jainakumArasambhava kA kathAnaka, usake kalevara ke anurUpa vistRta athavA puSTa nahIM hai / mUla kathA tathA varNya viSayoM .. ke bIca jo khAI sarvaprathama bhAravi ke kAvya meM dikhAI detI hai, vaha uttarottara bar3hatI hI gayI / yadi jainakumArasambhava kI nirI kathAtmakatA ko lekara kAvyaracanA kI jAye to vaha tIna-cAra sargoM se adhika kI sAmagrI siddha nahIM hogI, kintu jayazekhara ne use vividha varNanoM, samvAdoM tathA anya tattvoM se puSTa kara gyAraha sargoM kA vitAna khar3A kara diyA hai / yaha varNana - priyatA kI pravRtti kAvya meM avicchinna vidyamAna hai / prathama chaha sarga ayodhyA, RSabha ke zaizava tathA yauvana, vara-vadhU ke alaMkaraNa tathA

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jainakumArasambhava : jayazekharasUri 25 vaivAhika AcAroM aura rAtri, candrodaya Adi ke varNanoM se AcchAdita haiN| chaThe sarga ke bAda bhI kavi kathAnaka kA sUkSma saMketa karake, kisI-na-kisI varNana meM juTa jAtA hai / antima pA~ca sargoM meM se svapnadarzana tathA unake phala-kathana kA hI mukhya kathA se sambandha hai / dasavA~ tathA gyArahavA~ sarga to sarvathA anAvazyaka hai / kAvya ko yadi nau sargoM meM hI samApta kara diyA jAtA, to zAyada vaha adhika anvitipUrNa bana sktaa| RSabhadeva ke svapnaphala batAne ke pazcAt indra dvArA usakI puSTi karanA nirarthaka hai / usase devatulya nAyaka kI garimA Ahata hotI hai| kintu isa vistAra ke liye jayazekhara ko doSI ThaharAnA ucita nahIM hai / kAlidAsottara mahAkAvyoM kI paripATI hI aisI thI ki usameM varNya viSaya kI apekSA varNana-zailI ke alaMkaraNa meM kavitva kI sArthakatA mAnI jAtI thii| jainakumArasambhava ke AdhArasrota - yadyapi Rgveda meM 'vRSabha' athavA 'RSabha' ke saMketa khojane kA tatparatApUrvaka prayatna kiyA gayA hai, kintu RSabhacarita ke kucha prasaMgoM kI spaSTa pratidhvani sarvaprathama brAhmaNa purANoM meM sunAI detI hai / RSabha ke apane jyeSTha putra bharata ko abhiSikta karake pravajyA grahaNa karane, pulahA ke Azrama meM unakI tapazcaryA, bharata ke nAma ke AdhAra para deza ke nAmakaraNa Adi RSabha ke jIvanavRtta kI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAoM kI AvRtti lagabhaga samAna zabdAvalI meM kaI pramukha purANoM meM huI hai| bhAgavata'purANa meM Adi tIrthaMkara kA carita savistAra varNita hai / bhAgavatapurANa meM (5/3-6) nAbhi tathA RSabha kA jIvanacarita TheTha vaiSNava pariveza meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| bhAgavata ke anusAra RSabha kA janma bhagavAn yajJapuruSa ke anugraha kA phala thA jisake pariNAmasvarUpa ve svayaM santAnahIna nAbhi ke putra ke rUpa meM avatIrNa hue| AkarSaka zarIra, vipula kIti, aizvarya Adi guNoM ke kAraNa ve 'RSabha' (zreSTha) nAma se khyAta hue" / gArhasthya dharma kA pravartana karane ke liye unhoMne svargAdhipati indra kI kanyA jayantI se vivAha kiyA aura zrota tathA smArta karmoM kA anuSThAna karate hue usase sau putra utpanna kiye / mahAyogI bharata unameM jyeSTha the / unhIM ke nAma ke kAraNa 14. AcArya tulasI tathA muni nathamala : atIta kA anAvaraNa, bhAratIya jJAnapITha; 1966, pR.7 15. mArkaNDeya purANa, 50/36-41, kUrmapurANa, 41.37-38, vAyupurANa (pUrvArddha), 33.50-52, agni purANa, 10.10-11, brahmANDapurANa, 14.56-61, liMga purANa, 47.16-24. 16. tasya ha vA itthaM varmaNA""caujasA balena zriyA yazasA"RSabhaM itIdaM nAma cakAra / bhAgavatapurANa, 5.4.2

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 'ajanAbhakhaNDa' bhAratavarSa nAma se prasiddha huA / purANa ke vaiSNava pariveza ke anurUpa bharata ko paramabhAgavata ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / bhAgavata ke zeSa prakaraNa meM RSabhadeva ke yajJAnuSThAna, dharmAcaraNa, lokopakAra tathA yogavidhi se zarIratyAga kA varNana hai| jaina sAhitya meM RSabhacarita kA prAcInatama nirUpaNa upAMgasUtra jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM huA hai / jambUdvIpaprajJapti kA saMkSipta vivaraNa RSabhacarita kI katipaya sUkSma rekhAoM kA Akalana hai / usameM Adi tIrthaMkara ke dhArmika tathA paropakArI sAdhaka svarUpa ko rekhAMkita karane kA prayatna hai / RSabha ke sau putroM meM bharata kI jyeSThatA tathA unake rAjyAbhiSeka kA saMketa jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke jIvanavRtta ke do mukhya srota haiM--jinasena kA AdipurANa (navIM zatAbdI) tathA hemacandra kA triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita (bArahavIM zatAbdI) / ina upajIvya granthoM ke phalaka para, bhinna-bhinna zailI meM, samagra RSabhacarita aMkita kiyA gayA hai| jinasena ne cAra vizAla parvo (12-15) meM jinendra ke sampUrNa carita kA manoyogapUrvaka nirUpaNa kiyA hai / AdipurANa kA yaha prakaraNa, vidvattApradarzana tathA kAvyAtmaka guNoM ke Agraha ke kAraNa ucca bindu kA sparza karatA hai| triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita meM RSabhacarita kA anupAtahIna kintu sarasa varNana hai| hemacandra ne jisa prakAra RSabhacarita kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, usameM jinajanma ke prastAvanA-svarUpa marudevI ke svapnadarzana-sahita RSabha ke jIvana ke pUrvArddha ne Adiparva ke dvitIya sarga ke lagabhaga pA~ca sau padyoM kA nigaraNa kara liyA hai tathA saMvegotpatti taka ke zeSa bhAga kA kevala tIna sau padyoM meM samAhAra karane kI ceSTA kI gayI hai| jayazekhara ne kathAnaka ke pallavana tathA prastutIkaraNa meM, katipaya apavAdoM ko chor3akara, bahudhA triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita kA anugamana kiyA hai / donoM meM itanA Azcaryajanaka sAmya hai ki jainakumArasambhava kI racanA triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita ke Adi parva ko sAmane rakha kara kI gayI pratIta hotI hai / vastutaH jayazekhara ne kathAnaka kA sthUla svarUpa hI triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita se grahaNa nahIM kiyA, vibhinna prasaMgoM meM usake asaMkhya bhAvoM tathA varNanoM ko AtmasAt karake kAvya kI prakRti ke anurUpa unheM prauDha zailI tathA pariSkRta bhASA meM prastuta kiyA hai| hemacandra tathA jayazekhara ke mukhya vRtta 17. yeSAM khalu mahAyogI bharato jyeSThaH zreSThaguNa AsIdyenedaM varSa bhAratamiti vyapadizanti / vahI, 5.4.6 18. vahI, 11.2.7. 16. paDhamarAyA paDhamajiNa paDhamakevalI paDhamatitthakare paDhamadhammavara cakavaTI samuppAjjitthA |-jmbuudviipprjnypti, sUtra 35.

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jainakumArasambhava : jayazekharasUri 27 meM kevala eka mahattvapUrNa antara hai / triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita meM sumaMgalA ke caudaha svapnoM tathA unake phalakathana kA kramazaH eka-eka padya meM sUkSma saMketa hai / jayazekhara ne isa prasaMga kA nirUpaNa lagabhaga do sargoM meM kiyA hai / jainakumArasambhava ke kathAnaka meM, jisakA phalAgama kumAra janma hai, yaha sambhavataH anivArya thA / kiMtu jayazekhara ko isakI preraNA hemacandra dvArA varNita marudevI ke svapnoM tathA phalakathana se milI thI, isameM sandeha nahIM / jayazekhara ko prApta kAlidAsa kA dAya jayazekhara kA AdhArasrota kucha bhI rahA ho, kAlidAsa ke mahAkAvyoM tathA jainakumArasambhava ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki kathAnaka kI parikalpanA tathA viniyoga, ghaTanAoM ke saMyojana tathA kAvyarUDhiyoM ke pAlana meM jayazekhara kAlidAsakRta kumArasambhava kA atyadhika RNI hai / yaha bAta bhinna hai ki mahAkavi ke prabala AkarSaNa ke Avega meM vaha apanI kathAvastu ko nahIM sambhAla sakA hai / kumArasambhava ke hRdayagrAhI himAlaya-varNana ke AdhAra para jayazekhara ne apane kAvya kA Arambha ayodhyA ke rocaka citraNa se kiyA hai" / kAlidAsa ke bimba-vaividhya, yathArthatA tathA sarasa zailI kA abhAva hote hue bhI, ayodhyA - varNana kavi kI asaMdigdha kavitvazakti kA dyotaka hai / mahAkavi ke kAvya tathA jainakumAra sambhava ke prathama sarga meM hI kramazaH pArvatI tathA RSama ke janma se yauvana taka, jIvana ke pUrvArddha kA nirUpaNa hai" / pArvatI ke saundarya kA yaha varNana sahajatA tathA madhuratA ke kAraNa saMskRta kAvya ke uttamottama aMzoM meM pratiSThita hai / RSabhadeva ke yauvana kA citraNa yadyapi usa koTi kA nahIM hai, kintu vaha rocakatA se zUnya nahIM hai / kumArasambhava ke dvitIya sarga meM tAraka ke AtaMka se pIr3ita devatAoM kA eka pratinidhimaNDala brahmA kI sevA meM jAkara unase saMkaTa nivAraNa kI prArthanA karatA hai / jayazekhara ke kAvya meM indra svayaM RSabhadeva ko vivAhArthaM prerita karane ke liye ayodhyA meM avatarita hotA hai / kAlidAsa ke anukaraNa para jainakumArasambhava ke isI sarga meM eka stotra kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai" / brahmA ke stotra meM nihita darzana kI antardhArA, usake kavitva ko Ahata kiye binA, use darzana ke ucca dharAtala para pratiSThita karatI hai / jainakumArasambhava kI yaha prazasti RSabhadeva ke pUrva bhavoM tathA sukRtyoM kA saMkalana mAtra hai / phalataH kAlidAsa ke stotra kI tulanA meM jayazekhara kA 20. triSaSTizalAkA puruSacarita, 1.2.886-887, jaina kumArasambhava, 7, 6. 21. kumArasambhava, 1.1-16; jainakumArasambhava, 1.1-16 22. kumArasambhava, 1.20 - 46; jainakumArasambhava, 1.17 -60 23. kumArasambhava, 2.3-15; jainakumArasambhava 2.46-73

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28 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya svIkAra kara - prazastigAna zuSka tathA nIrasa pratIta hotA hai | mahAkavikRta kumArasambhava ke tRtIya sarga meM indra tathA vasanta kA manohara saMvAda hai, jisameM indra vasanta ko apane priya mitra kAma ke sahayoga se bhagavAn zaMkara kI samAdhi bhaMga karane ke liye uttejita karatA hai / jainakumArasambhava ke tRtIya sarga meM indra tathA RSabha ke vArtAlApa kI yojanA kI gayI hai, jisakA uddezya kAvya nAyaka ko vaivAhika jIvana ke dAmpatya dharma ke pravartana ke liye prerita karanA hai" / jayazekhara kA yaha saMvAda kAlidAsa ke samAnAntara saMvAda kI mAdhurI se vaMcita hotA huA bhI kavitva kI dRSTi se nagaNya nahIM hai / isI sarga meM sumaMgalA tathA sunandA kI aura caturtha sarga meM RSabha kI vivAhapUrva sajjA kA vistRta varNana kAlidAsa kRta pArvatI evaM ziva ke prAk - vivAha alaMkaraNa para AdhArita hai" / kAlidAsa kA saMkSipta varNana yathArthatA tathA mArmikatA se otaprota hai / jainakumArasambhava meM varavadhU kI sajjA kA citraNa - vistAra ke kAraNa nakhazikha saundarya kI sImA taka pahu~ca gayA hai| kAlidAsa kI apekSA vaha alaMkRta bhI hai aura kRtrima bhI, yadyapi donoM meM kahIM-kahIM bhAvasAmya dRSTigocara hotA hai" / jaina kumArasambhava meM RSama vivAha kA varNana bahulAMza meM zaMkara - vivAha kI anukRti hai / RSabha kA vivAha devarAja indra ke prayatna tathA vyavahAranipuNatA kA pariNAma hai / ve prakArAntara se usa kRtya kI pUrti karate haiM, jisakA sampAdana saptarSiyoM dvArA oSadhiprastha jAkara kiyA jAtA hai 27 / donoM kAvyoM meM anya devI pAtroM kI bhUmikA bhI mahattvapUrNa hai / kAlidAsa ke samAna jayazekhara ne vivAha ke sandarbha meM tatkAlIna vaivAhika vidhiyoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / kAlidAsa ne apanI -zailI ke anurUpa kevala gyAraha padyoM meM prAsaMgika AcAroM kA samAhAra kiyA hai jabaki jayazekhara ne samakAlIna samagra vaivAhika paramparAoM kA sUkSma nirUpaNa karane kI AturatA ke kAraNa isa prasaMga kA adhika vistAra kara diyA hai / pANigrahaNa kI carama vidhi ke rUpa meM himAlaya ke purohita ne kevala eka padya meM pArvatI ko pati ke sAtha dharmAcaraNa kA upadeza diyA hai / jainakumArasambhava meM vara-vadhU ko kramazaH indra tathA zacI alaga-alaga zikSA dete haiM, jo vistRta hotI huI bhI rocakatA tathA udAtta 24. kumArasambhava, 3.1-13; jainakumArasambhava, 3.1-36 25. kumArasambhava, 7.7-24; jainakumArasambhava, 3.60-81; 4.14-32 26. kumArasambhava, 7.15, 7.6; 7.11, 7.21; jainakumArasambhava 3.64, 4.15, 4.17, 4.31 27. kumArasambhava, 6.78-79

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jainakumArasambhava : jayazekharasUri 2e bhAvoM se ucchvasita hai" / kAlidAsa ke kAvya meM zaMkara vivAha ke pazcAt parvatarAja kI kanyA kA hAtha pakar3a kara kautukAgAra meM praviSTa ho gaye / RSabhadeva vadhuoM ke sAtha maNiharmya meM aise praviSTa hue jaise tattvAnveSI mati aura smRti ke sAtha zAstra meM praveza karatA hai" / kAlidAsa ne zaMkara-pArvatI kI ratikrIr3A kA atIva raMgIlA citraNa kiyA hai jisake antargata nAnA mudrAoM tathA bhaMgimAoM ko sameTane kA prayAsa hai / nAyaka-nAyikA ke sambhoga kA mukta varNana pavitratAvAdI jaina kavi ko grA nahIM ho sakatA thA / usane sumaMgalA ke garbhAdhAna se isa ora iMgita mAtra kiyA hai / RSabha kautukAgAra meM bhI anAsakta bhAva se, unheM pUrvajanma kA bhoktavya mAna kara viSayoM meM pravRtta hote haiM / tIrthaMkara kI viSaya-parAGmukhatA tathA mokSaparAyaNatA kA dRDhatApUrvaka pratipAdana karane ke liye yaha citraNa anivArya thA, bhale hI usa sthiti meM vaha hAsyAspada pratIta ho / rUr3hi mAgha, zrIharSa Adi jainakumArasambhava meM paura nAriyoM ke sambhrama kA citraNa kAlidAsa ke samAnAntara varNana kA anugAmI hai, jo kumArasambhava tathA raghuvaMza meM samAna zabdAvalI meM upanyasta hai"| azvaghoSa se Arambha hokara yaha se hotI huI paravartI jaina kaviyoM dvArA tatparatA se grahaNa kI gayI hai / parantu isake prati utsAha ke bAvajUda uttaravartI kaviyoM ne isameM navIna udbhAvanA nahIM kI hai / phalataH jayazekhara kA prastuta varNana kAlidAsa ke padyoM kI pratidhvani mAtra hai / kumArasambhava ke paMcama sarga se saMketa pAkara jayazekhara ne nAyaka-nAyikA ke saMvAda kI yojanA kI hai / yahAM yaha kahanA anupayukta na hogA ki umA - baTu-saMvAda kI gaNanA, usakI nATakIyatA tathA sajIvatA kAraNa, sarvottama kAvyAMzoM meM hotI hai / RSabha tathA sumaMgalA kA vArtAlApa sAdhAraNatA ke dharAtala se Upara nahIM uTha sakA hai / jainakumArasambhava meM bastuvyApAroM kI yojanA kAlidAsa ke prAsaMgika varNanoM se prerita hai / kAlidAsa kI taraha jayazekhara ne apane kAvya meM rAtri tathA candrodaya kA lalita varNana kiyA hai, jo navadampatI kI vivAhottara ceSTAoM kI samucita bhUmikA nirmita karatA hai / RtuvarNana ke ekamAtra apavAda ko chor3akara, jayazekhara ke prabhAta, sUryodaya, madhyAhna sahita uparyukta varNana kAvya ke atyanta rocaka tathA 28. kumArasambhava, 7.83; jainakumArasambhava, 5. 58- 83 26. kumArasambhava, 7.65; jainakumArasambhava, 6.23 30. bhogAIkarma dhruvavedyamanyajanmArjitaM svaM sa vibhuvibudhya / jainakumArasambhava 6.26 31. kumArasambhava, 7.56-62; jainakumArasambhava, 5 . 37-45

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya utkRSTa aMza haiM / jayazekhara kI kavitA meM jo prasAda tathA AkarSaNa hai, usa para bhI kAlidAsa kI zailI kI sahajatA tathA bhASA kI prAMjalatA kI chApa hai| rasavidhAna kAvya kI antarAtmA usakI rasAtmakatA meM nihita hai, yaha kathana sarvamAnya tathya kI Avatti hai / zAntasahita nau kAvyarasoM kA prAcInatama ullekha anuyogadvAra sUtra meM huA hai| uttaravartI kAvyazAstra ke krama ke viparIta isameM 'vIra' ko prathama sthAna prApta hai| Nava kavvarasA paNattA, taM jahAvIro siMgAro abhuo a roho a hoi boddhvvo| belaNao bImaccho hAso kaluNo pasaMto a||3 mahAkAvya meM zRMgAra, vIra tathA zAnta meM se kisI eka kA aMgI rasa ke rUpa meM paripAka vihita hai| anya rasa usake poSaka bana kara mahAkAvya kI rasavattA ko tIvra banAne meM sahAyaka hote haiM / jainakumArasambhava rasavAdI kRti nahIM hai| nAyaka RSabhadeva ke vivAha tathA kumAra-janma se sambandhita hone ke nAte isameM zRMgAra rasa ke prAdhAnya kI nyAyocita apekSA thI, parantu kAvyanAyaka kI vItarAgatA rekhAMkita karane ke liye unakI Asakti kI apekSA virakti ko kAvya meM adhika ubhArA gayA hai / unake liye vaiSayika sukha viSatulya hai [3 / 15] / ve 'avakramati' se kAma meM pravRtta hote haiM aura 'ucita upacAroM' se viSayoM ko bhogate haiM (6 / 25-26) / jahAM jayazekhara ke AdarzabhUta kAlidAsa ne ziva-pArvatI ke vivAhottara sambhoga kA uddAma citraNa kiyA hai, jaina kavi ne apane nivRttivAdI dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa jAnabUjhakara eka aisA prasaMga hAtha se gaMvA diyA hai, jisameM rasa kI ucchala dhArA pravAhita ho sakatI thii| vartamAna rUpa meM, jainakumArasambhava meM zRMgAra kA aMgI rasocita paripAka nahIM huA hai, phira bhI isameM sAmAnyataH zRMgAra kI pradhAnatA mAnI jA sakatI hai / jainakumArasambhava ke vividha prasaMgo meM zrRMgAra ke kaI rocaka citra dikhAI dete haiM / 32. isa viSaya ke savistAra adhyayana ke liye dekhiye merA nibandha-Jayasekh ara's Indebtedness to Kalidasa : Bharati-Bhanam : Dr. K. V. Sarma Felicitation Volume, Hoshiarpur, 1980, P. 193-203. 33. aNuogaddArAim, jaina Agama sIrIja, granyAMka 1, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, .. bambaI, 1968 pR0 121-124 33a. zRGgAravIrazAntAnAmeko'GgI rasa iSyate / aGgAni sarve'pi rasAH sarve nATakasandhayaH // sAhityadarpaNa, 6.317

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jainakumArasambhava : jayazekharasUri zRMgAra ke citraNa meM jayazekhara kI pravINatA nirvivAda hai| ve zRMgAra rasa kI niSpatti ke lie apekSita vividha bhAvoM ko pRthak-pRthak athavA samanvita rUpa meM citraNa karane meM kuzala haiM / jaina kumArasambhava meM donoM prakAra ke varNana milate haiN| RSabhadeva ke vivAha meM Ate samaya, priyatama kA sparza pAkara, kisI devAMganA kI maithunecchA sahasA jAgrata ho gaI / bhAvocchvAsa se usakI kaMcukI TUTa gyii| vaha kAmAvega ke kAraNa asahAya ho gyii| phalata: vaha apanI icchApUrti ke lie priyatama kI cApalUsI meM juTa gyii| upAttapANistridazena vallabhA zramAkulA kAcidudaMcikaMcukA / vRSasyayA cATuzatAni tanvatI jagAma tasyaiva gatasta vighnatAm // 4110 navavivAhita RSabha ko dekhane ko utsuka pura-yuvati kI adhabaMdhI nIvI daur3ane ke kAraNa khula gyii| usakA adhovastra nIce khisaka gayA para use isakA bhAna nahIM huaa| vaha nAyaka ko dekhane ke lie adhIratA se daur3atI gayI aura usI mudrA meM janasamudAya meM mila gyii| paura yuvatI para nAyaka ke prati rati bhAva Aropita karanA to ucita nahIM kintu zRMgAra ke saMcArI bhAva utsukatA kI tIvratA, usakI adhIratA tathA AtmavismRti meM bimbita haiN| kApi nArdhayamitazlathanIvI prasarannivasanApi na lalajje / nAyakAnananivezitanetre janyalokanikare'pi sametA // 5.36. rucakAdri ke latAgRhoM kI gopanIyatA devadampatiyoM kI rati ke liye Adarza pariveza kA nirmANa karatI hai, to aSTApada kI rajata zilAe~ tathA sukhada puSpazayyAe~, sambhogakeli meM mAniniyoM ko mAnatyAga ke lie vikala kara detI haiN| zrRMgAra ke uddIpana bhAvoM ko, rati ke sopAna ke rUpa meM, citrita karake kavi ne parvatIya nIravatA kA samucita upayoga kiyA hai / tarukSaratsUnamadUttaracchadA vyadhatta yattArazilA vilAsinAm / ratikSaNAlambitaroSamAninIsmayagrahagranthibhive sahAyatAm // 2.36. jayazekhara ne kAvya kI rasAtmakatA kI tIvratA ke lie vAtsalya, bhayAnaka hAsya tathA zAnta rasoM kA AnuSaMgika rUpa meM yatheSTa pallavana kiyA hai / RSabha ke zaizava ke citraNa meM vAtsalya rasa kI madhura chaTA darzanIya hai| zizu RSabha kI tutalAtI vANI, lar3akhar3AtI gati, akAraNa hAsya Adi keliyA~ sabako Ananda se abhibhUta karatI haiM / vaha daur3akara pitA se cipaTa jAtA hai / pitA usake aMgasparza se vibhora ho jAte haiM / harSAtireka se unakI A~kheM banda ho jAtI haiM aura ve 'tAta-tAta' kI guhAra lagAte rahate haiN|

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya avyaktamuktaM skhalavaMghriyAnaM niHkAraNaM hAsyamavastramaMgam / janasya yadoSatayAbhidheyaM tacchaMzave yasya babhUva bhUSA // 1.27 dUrAt samAhUya hRdopapIDaM mAdyanmuvA molitnetrptrH| athAMgajaM snehavimohitAtmA yaM tAta tAteti jagAda nAbhiH // 1.28 jainakumArasambhava meM hAsya ke avasara adhika nahIM haiN| paura sundariyoM ke sambhrama-citraNa ke antargata, nimnokta padya meM, hAsya rasa kI rocaka abhivyakti huI hai| navavivAhita RSabha ko dekhane kI lAlasA se 'mUDhadRSTi' koI strI, apane rote zizu ko chor3akara billI kA baccA goda meM uThAkara daur3a aayii| use dekhakara sArI bArAta haMsa par3I, kintu use isakA AbhAsa nahIM huaa| usakI isa adhIratA-janya ceSTA meM hAsya kI madhura rekhA hai / tUrNimUDhadagapAsya rudantaM potamotumadhiropya kttore| kApi dhAvitavatI nahi jajJe hasyamAnApi janyajanaH svayam // 5.41 pahale kahA gayA hai, zRMgAracitraNa kA adbhuta avasara khokara bhI jayazekhara zAMta rasa kI tIvra niSpatti karane meM saphala nahIM hue| jainakumArasambhava meM RSabhadeva kI anAsakti tathA virakti ke citraNa meM zAntarasa kI kSINa abhivyakti huI hai| kAvyanAyaka ko gArhasthya jIvana meM pravRtta karane ke lie indra kI uktiyoM meM RSabha kA nirveda mukhara hai| vayasyanaMgasya vayasyabhUte bhUteza rUpe'nupamasvarUpe / pIMdirAyAM kRtamandirAyAM ko nAma kAme vimanAssvavanyaH // 3.24 kruddha bhaiMse ke citraNa meM bhayAnaka rasa kI prabhAvazAlI vyaMjanA huI hai (4.6) / vastutaH jayazekhara ne vividha manobhAvoM ke vizleSaNa tathA sarasa citraNa kA zlAdhya prayatna kiyA hai| prakRti citraNa kAvyazAstriyoM kA vidhAna, jisake antargata unhoMne varNya viSayoM kI bRhat sUciyA~ dI haiM, kAvya meM prakRticitraNa kI mahattA tathA upayogitA kI svIkRti hai / jainakumArasambhava ke varNana-bAhulya meM prAkRtika dRzyoM ke citraNa ko vizAla phalaka milA hai / jayazekhara kI prakRti mAnava se nirapekSa jar3a prakRti nahIM hai| usameM mAnavIya bhAvanAoM kA spandana hai tathA vaha mAnava kI taraha hI nAnA kriyAkalApoM meM rata hai| usakA AdhAra samAsokti alaMkAra hai jisakA marma varNya viSaya para aprastuta ke vyavahAra, kArya Adi Aropita karane meM nihita hai / jayazekhara ke prakRtivarNana meM samAsokti ke pracura prayoga kA yahI rahasya hai| prabhAta, sUryodaya, madhyAhna, rAtri, candrodaya tathA RtuoM ke varNana meM jayazekhara ne samAsokti ke mAdhyama se

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jainakumArasambhava : jayazekharasUri prakRti kA udAratA-pUrvaka mAnavIkaraNa kiyA hai, jisase sAmAnya dRzya bhI atyanta rocaka tathA kavitvapUrNa bana gaye haiN| dasaveM sarga kA prabhAtavarNana, kavitva tathA prakRticitraNa kI dRSTi se kadAcit jainakumArasambhava kA sarvottama aMza hai| chaha padyoM ke isa saMkSipta varNana meM kavi ne apanI pratibhA kI tUlikA se prAtaHkAlIna samagra vAtAvaraNa ujAgara kara diyA hai| isameM jayazekhara ne bahudhA samAsokti ke dvArA prakRti kI nAnA ceSTAoM ke abhirAma citra aMkita kiye haiN| candramA ne rAta bhara apanI priyA ke sAtha ramaNa kiyA hai| isa svacchanda kAmakeli se usakI kAnti mlAna ho gayI hai| pratidvandvI sUrya ke bhaya se vaha apanA samUcA vaibhava tathA parivAra chor3a kara naMgA bhAga gayA hai| usakI niSkAmatA ko dekhakara puMzcalI kI taraha yAminI ne use nirdayatA se ThukarA diyA hai| senAnI ke raNabhUmi chor3a dene para sainikoM kI kyA bisAta ? jaba unakA adhipati candramA hI bhAga gayA hai, to tAre sUrya ke teja ke sAmane kaise Tika sakate the ? ve saba eka-eka karake bujha gaye haiN| samAsokti tathA arthAntaranyAsa kI saMsRSTi ne candramA tathA tAroM ke asta hone kI dainika ghaTanA ko kavikalpanA se taralita kara diyA hai| lakSmI tapAmbaramathAtmaparicchadaM ca muJcantamAgamitayogamivAstakAmam / dRSTvezamalpacimujjhati kAminIva taM yAminI prasaramamburuhAki pazya // 10.82 avazamanazabhItaH zItadyutiH sa nirambaraH kharatarakare dhvasyaddhvAnte ravAvudayonmukhe / viralaviralAstajjAyante namo'dhvani tArakAH parivaDhaDhIkArAbhAve bale hi kiyabalam // 10.83 prabhAta varNana ke antima padya meM kavi ne kamala ko mantrasAdhaka kAmI kA rUpa diyA hai / jaise kAmI apane manoratha kI pUrti ke lie nAnA mantra-tantra kI sAdhanA karatA hai, kamala ne bhI gahare pAnI meM khar3A hokara sArI rAta, AkarSaNa-mantra kA jApa kiyA hai / prAtaH kAla usane sUrya kI kiraNoM ke sparza se sphUti pA kara pratinAyaka candramA kI lakSmI kA apaharaNa kara liyA hai aura use apanI 'aMkazayyA" (patrazayyA) para leTA kara Ananda lUTa rahA hai| "candramA ke asta hone para kamala apane pUrNa vaibhava tathA ThATa se khila uThatA hai," yaha pratidina kI suvijJAta ghaTanA kamala para cetanA kA Aropa karane se kitanI AkarSaka tathA prabhAvazAlI bana sakatI hai, nimnokta padya usakA bhavya nidarzana hai| gambhIrAmbhaHsthitamatha japanmudritAsyaM nizAyA mantarguJjanmadhukaramiSAnnUnamAkRSTimantram /

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya prAtarjAtasphuraNamaruNasyodaye candrabimbA dAkRSyAbjaM sapadi kamalAM svAMkatalpIcakAra // 10.84 jayazekhara ne rAtri kA bhI bahudhA mAnavIrUpa meM citraNa kiyA hai| rAtri ke andhakAra meM Rju-vakra Adi AkRtiyoM tathA kRSNa, pIta Adi raMgoM kA viveka svataH samApta ho jAtA hai / kavi ne rAtri para krAntikArI yoginI kA karma Aropita kiyA hai, jo 'varNavyavasthA ke kRtrima kintu baddhamUla bheda ko miTA kara jaga meM advaita kI sthApanA ke liye avatarita huI hai"| rAtri kI kAlimA tathA candramA ke prakAza kA antamilana prAkRtika saundarya kA hRdayahArI dRzya hai| kavi ne samAsokti tathA arthAntaranyAsa ke dvArA rAtri tathA candramA ko kalahazIla dampatI ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai / candramA jagat meM ujjvalatA kA prasAra karanA cAhatA hai kintu usakI patnI (rAtri) use andhakAra se potane ko kaTibaddha hai / kalAsampanna puruSa (candramA) ko bhI svAnukUla strI bhAgya se milatI hai"| candrodaya, sUryodaya Adi ke antargata samAsokti kA udAra prayoga, prakRti ke mAnavIkaraNa ke prati kavi ke pakSapAta kA pramANa hai| __ adhikAMza kAlidAsottara kaviyoM kI bhAMti jayazekhara ne prakRti ke alaMkRta citraNa ko adhika mahattva diyA hai| parantu jainakumArasambhava ke prakRticitraNa kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha yamaka Adi kI durUhatA se AkrAnta nahIM hai aura ma usameM kurucipUrNa zRMgArikatA kA samAveza hai| isaliye jayazekhara ke vibhinna prakRtivarNanoM kA apanA AkarSaNa hai / vastutaH jayazekhara prakRti ke lalita kalpanApUrNa citra aMkita karane meM siddhahasta hai| rAtri kI kAlimA meM chiTake tAre manorama dRzya prastuta karate haiM / kavi kA anumAna hai ki rAtri, gajacarmAvRta tathA muNDamAlAdhArI zaMkara kI vibhUti se sampanna hai| usakI kAlimA zaMkara kA gajacarma hai tathA tAre asaMkhya asthikhaNDa haiM, jo zmazAna meM unake cAroM tarapha bikhare rahate haiN| abhukta bhUtezatanovibhUti bhautI tamobhiH sphutttaarkaughaa| vibhinnakAlacchavidantidaityacarmAvRterbhUrinarAsthibhAjaH // 6.3. rAtri kI kAlimA ko lekara kavi ne nAnA kamanIya kalpanAe~ kI haiM / 34. kiM yoginIyaM dhRtanIlakanthA tamasvinI tArakazaMkhabhUSA / varNavyavasthAmadhUya sarvAmabhedavAdaM jagatastatAna // jainakumArasambhava, 6.8. 35. titAMsati zvatyamihendurasya jAyA nizA ditsati kAlimAnam / aho kalatraM hRdayAnuyAyi kalAnidhInAmapi bhAgyalabhyam // 6.6. 36. jainakumArasambhava, 6.14, 6.16, 11.1, 11.4, 11.7, 11.62, tathA 6.66, 71.

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35 jainakumArasambhava : jayazekharasUri usake vicAra meM rAtri vastutaH gauravarNa thii| yaha anAtha sAdhviyoM ko satAne kA phala hai ki unake zApa kI jvAlA se usakI kAyA kAlI par3a gayI hai| vikalpa rUpa meM, rAtri ke andhakAra ko cakavoM kI dhuMdhayAtI virahAgni kA dhuMA mAnA gayA hai / usake sphuliMga, juganuoM ke rUpa meM spaSTa dikhAI de rahe haiN| haridrayaM yadabhinnanAmA babhUva gauryeva nizA tataH prAk / santApayantI tu satIranAthAstacchApadagdhAjani kAlakAyA // 6.7. yatkokayugmasya viyogavahnirjajvAla mitre'stamite nizAdau / sodyotakhadyotakulasphuliMgaM taqhmarAjiH kimidaM tamisram // 6.11. prauDhokti ke prati adhika pravRtti hone para bhI jayazekhara prakRti ke sahaja rUpa se sarvathA parAGmukha nahIM hai| jaina kumArasambhava meM usane zleSa dvArA prakRti ke svAbhAvika guNa citrita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, kintu yaha tathya hai ki prakRti ke mAlambana pakSa ke prati usakI ruci satahI hai| chaThe sarga meM sumaMgalA tathA SaD RtuoM ke sarala manorama citra dRSTigata hote haiM (6.40-45), vasanta meM puSpa vikasita ho jAte haiN| malaya bayAra calane lagatI hai| bhauMroM kI guMjana tathA kokila kI kUka ghAtAvaraNa ko madasikta karatI huI janamAnasa ko mohita karatI hai| vasanta ke ina upakaraNoM kA rocaka varNana zleSa ke jhIne AvaraNa meM spaSTa dikhAI detA hai| ullAsayantI sumanaHsamuhaM tene sdaalipriytaamupetaa| vasantalakSmIriva dakSiNAhikAnte ruci satparapuSTaghoSA // 6.44 adhikatara pUrvavartI tathA samavartI kaviyoM ke viparIta jayazekhara ne prakRti kI uddIpaka bhUmikA ko mahattva nahIM diyaa| kevala udyAnaprakRti ke citraNa meM latA tathA bhramaroM kI parirambhakrIr3A, kAminiyoM kI bhAvanAoM ko udvelita karatI huI tathA unameM caMcalabuddhi kA saMcAra karatI huI citrita kI gayI hai| prakRti yahAM uddIpana kA kAma karatI hai| vallI vilolA madhupAnuSaMgaM vitanvatI sattaruNAzritasya / purA parAgasthititaH prarUDhA pupoSa yoSitsu calatvabuddhim // 6. 54. jainakumArasambhava meM pazu-pakSiyoM kI prakRti kA bhI svAbhAvika citraNa kiyA gayA hai, jo kavi kI paryavekSaNa zakti kA dyotaka hai tathA apanI mArmikatA aura tathyapUrNatA ke kAraNa pAThaka ke hRdaya ko anAyAsa AkRSTa karatA hai| grISma kI dopaharI meM, garmI se saMtapta pakSI, bAla ceSTAe~ chor3a kara yogI kI bhA~ti ghane vRkSoM kI chAyA meM cupacApa baiThe rahate haiN| madhyAhna-varNana meM pakSiyoM ke isa svabhAva kA ramya citraNa huA hai| amI nimIlannayanA vimuktabAhyabhramA maunajuSaH zakuntAH / zrayanti sAndradra maparNazAlA abhyastayogA iva nIrajAkSi // 11.66

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36 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya jayazekhara ne, isa prakAra, prakRti ke Alambana tathA uddIpana pakSoM kA kama citraNa kiyA hai, kintu uktivaicitrya tathA mAnavIkaraNa meM usakI kAvyakalA kA udAtta rUpa dRSTigocara hotA hai| jainakumArasambhava meM SaDRtuvarNana hI eka aisA prasaMga hai jo sAdhAraNatA ke dharAtala se Upara nahIM uTha sakA hai| isa varNana meM bahudhA RtuoM ke sevIrUpa ko rekhAMkita kiyA gayA hai| saundaryacitraNa jaina kumArasambhava ke phalaka para mAnavasaundarya ke bhI abhirAma citra aMkita kiye gaye haiM / jayazekhara ke saundarya citraNa meM do pramukha pravRttiyAM lakSita hotI haiM / eka ora vividha aprastutoM ke dvArA, kavikalpanA ke AdhAra para varNya pAtra ke vibhinna avayavoM kA saundarya nirUpita karane kI ceSTA hai, dUsarI ora nAnA prasAdhanoM se sahaja saundarya ko vRddhiMgata karane kA prayatna hai| jayazekhara ke saundarya citraNa meM yadyapi paramparAgata prAsaMgika varNanoM se adhika bhinnatA nahIM hai parantu kavi kI uktivaicitrya kI vRtti tathA sAda zyavidhAna kI kuzalatA ke kAraNa ye varNana sarasatA se sikta haiM / RSama ke yauvanajanya saundarya kA varNana uparyukta prathama koTi kA hai, jisameM yadA-kadA hemacandra ke bhAvoM kI pratigUMja sunAI detI hai| RSabha kA mukha candramA thA aura caraNa kamala the| parantu prabhu ke pAsa Akara candramA tathA kamala ne paramparAgata vaira chor3a diyA thaa| vahI zaktizAlI zAsaka hai, jisake sAnnidhya meM zatru bhI zAzvata virodha bhUla kara sauhArdapUrNa AcaraNa kreN| tasyAnanendAvupari sthite'pi pAdAbjayoH zrIrabhavanna honaa| dhattAM sa eva prabhutAmudIte dra hyanti yasminna mitho'rayo'pi // 1.36 unake UruoM kA varNana rUpaka dvArA kiyA gayA hai| RSabha kI jaMghAoM para tarakazoM kA Aropa karane se pratIta hotA hai ki kAminiyoM ke mAnabhaMjana ke liye kAma ke pAsa prasiddha pA~ca bANoM ke atirikta anya tIra bhI haiN| dhIrAMganAdhairyabhide pRSatkAH paMceSuvIrasya pare'pi santi / tadUrutUNIrayugaM vizAlavRttaM vilokyeti budhairataki // 1.42 yuvA RSabha ke vizAla vakSa tathA puSTa nitamboM ke bIca kRza madhyabhAga, jaina darzana sammata trilokI ke AkAra kA pratirUpa hai| uparyuraH prauDhamadhaH kaTI ca vyUDhAntarAbhUttalinaM vilagnam / kiM cinmaye 'sminnanu yojakAnAM trilokasaMsthAnanidarzanAya // 1.45 37. jainakumArasambhava, 6.52-73 38. tulanA kIjie : jainakumArasambhava, 1.36,46,55 tathA triSaSTizalAkA puruSacarita, 1.2.715,714,716

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27 jainakumArasambhava : jayazekharasUri sadyaHsnAtA sumaMgalA tathA sunandA kI rUparAzi ke nirUpaNa meM jayazekhara ne atIva bhAvapUrNa tathA navIna upamAnoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| zubhra paridhAna se bhUSita unakI kAntimatI zarIrayaSTi kI sphaTika ke myAna meM sthita svarNakaTArI se tulanA karake tathA unakI nitambasthalI ko kAma kI azvazAlA kaha kara kramazaH unakI dIpti evaM bedhakatA tathA sthUlatA evaM vistAra kA sahaja bhAna karA diyA gayA hai| tanUstadIyA dadRze'marIbhiH saMvetazubhrAmalamaMjuvAsA / parisphuTasphaTikakozavAsA haimakRpANIva manomavasya / / 3.68 tribhuvanavijigISormArabhUpasya bAhyA vanirajani vizAlA tannitambasthalIyam / vyaraci yaviha kAMcokiMkiNIbhiH pravalga ccaturaMgabhUSAghargharoghoSazaMkA // 3.76 prasAdhana-sAmagrI ke dvArA pAtroM kA saundarya udghATita karane kI rIti RSabha tathA vadhuoM kI vivAhapUrva sajjA meM dRSTigata hotI hai / isa sandarbha meM mAliza aura snAna se lekara vibhinna prasAdhanoM ke prayoga tathA aMgoM para nAnA AkRtiyA~ aMkita karane kA vistRta varNana huA hai| ina prasaMgoM meM nissandeha AbhUSaNa Adi alaMkaraNa aMgavizeSa ke saundarya meM vRddhi karate haiM, kintu kavi kI kalpanAzIlatA ne use dUnA kara diyA hai| devAMganAoM ne vadhuoM ke kapoloM para kastUrI se jo makarI aMkita kI thI use dekhakara ve svayaM kAmAkula ho gyiiN| kavi kI kalpanA hai ki makara apane svAmI kAma ko strIprema ke kAraNa unake pAsa le AyA hai| unake stanoM para patrAvaliyA~ citrita kI gayI thiiN| kavi ke vicAra meM kAma ne unake lAvaNya kI nadI meM, 'kucakumbha' lekara vihAra kiyA thA jisase una para patrAvaliyoM ke rUpa meM patte cipaka gaye haiM / vadhuoM ke karNakUpoM ko kavi-kalpanA meM kamalarUpI karNAbhUSaNoM se isaliye jaldI-jaldI Dhaka diyA gaNa thA ki kahIM yuvakoM kA kAmAndha hRdaya unameM na gira jaae| caritracitraNa jainakumArasambhava devI tathA mAnavI pAtroM kA samavAya hai| isakI kathAvastu meM RSabhadeva, sumaMgalA, sunandA, indra tathA zacI, kevala ye pA~ca pAtra haiN| inameM se zacI kI bhUmikA atyalpa hai aura sunandA kI carcA samUce kAvya meM eka-do bAra hI 36..ku. sambhava, 3.66-67,72.

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38 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya RSabhadeva jayazekhara ne, prakArAntara se, kAvyanAyaka meM jo guNa anivArya mAne haiM, unake anusAra usakA dAtA, kulIna, madhurabhASI, saundarya sampanna, vaibhavazAlI, tejasvI tathA yogI evaM mokSakAmI honA anivArya hai| kAvyanAyaka kA yaha svarUpa kAvyazAstra ke vidhAna se adhika bhinna nahIM hai| antima do guNa (yogI tathA mokSakAmI) nivRttivAdI vicAradhArA se prerita haiN| yugmipati nAbhi ke putra RSabhadeva jainakumAra sambhava ke dhIrodAtta nAyaka haiN| yadyapi unakA carita paurANika pariveza meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai, kintu vaha jayazekhara dvArA vihita guNoM ko sarvAMza meM bimbita karatA hai| paurANika nAyaka kI bhAMti ve vibhUtimAn, parAkramI tathA saundarya-sampanna haiN| garbhAvasthA meM hI RSabha trijJAna se sampanna tathA kaivalya ke abhilASI the| unake janma se jagatItala ke kleza isa prakAra vilIna ho gaye jaise sUryodaya se cakavoM kA zoka tatkAla samApta ho jAtA hai| unakI zaizavakAlIna nivRtti se kAma ko apane astroM kI amoghatA para sandeha ho gayA (jai0 ku0 sambhava, 1. 18-21, 36) / yauvana meM unake saundarya tathA zaurya meM vilakSaNa nikhAra A gayA kintu usa mAdaka avasthA meM bhI unhoMne mana ko aise vaza meM kara liyA jaise kuzala azvArohI ucchRkhala ghor3e ko niyantrita karatA hai / apanI rUparAzi se kAma ko jItakara ve svayaM kAma pratIta hote the| unakI rUpa-sampadA kA yathArtha nirUpaNa karanA bRhaspati ke liye bhI sambhava nahIM thaa| kAvyanAyaka ke svarUpa ke anusAra RSabhadeva madhurabhASI the| unakI vANI ke mAdhurya ke samakSa kA sudhA dAsI', amRta nIrasa thA / pratIta hotA hai, vidhAtA ne candramA kA samUcA sAra unakI vANI meM samAhita kara diyA thA (10. 6) / dhIrodAtta nAyaka hone ke nAte ve pratibhAvAn tathA dAnI the| unake avirAma audArya ke kAraNa kalpavRkSa kI dAnavRtti arthahIna ho gyii| RSabha anupama yazasvI the| unake yaza kA pAna karake devagaNa amRta ke mAdhurya ko bhUla jAte the (1. 69-70, 2.6) / RSabhadeva ke carita kI mukhya vizeSatA yaha hai ki anupama vaibhava, atula rUpa tathA mAdaka yauvana se sampanna hone para bhI ve viSayoM se vimukha the / lokasthiti ke 40. dAtA kulInaH suvacA rucADhyaH ratnaM pumAneva na cAzmabhedaH / vahI, 11.34 tatheSa yogAnubhavena pUrvabhave svahaste'kRtamokSatattvam / vahI, 11.48 41. tyAgI kRtI kulIna: suzrIko rUpayauvanotsAhI / dakSo'nura talokastejovaidagdhyazIlavAn netA // sAhityadarpaNa, 3.30 42. rUpasiddhimapi varNayituM te lakSaNAkara na vAkpatirIzaH- ku.sambhava, 5.56

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36 jainakumArasambhava : jayazekharasUri pAlana ke liye unhoMne vivAha avazya kiyA para kAma unheM abhibhUta nahIM kara skaa| ve viSayoM ko pUrva janma kA bhoktavya mAna kara unheM anAsakti tathA ucita upacAroM se bhogate haiN| kAma ke amogha bANa yadi kahIM viphala hue haiM to RSabhadeva para (3.11) / kavi ne unake cAritrika guNoM kA samAhAra prastuta padya meM isa prakAra kiyA hai / ) vayasyanaMgasya vayasyabhUte bhUteza rUpe'nupamasvarUpe / yadIvirAyAM kRtamandirAyAM ko nAma kAme vimanAstvadanyaH // 3.24 RSabhadeva lokottara jJAnavAn nAyaka haiN| ve trilokI ke rakSaka, trikAla ke jJAtA tathA trijJAna ke dhAraka haiM (8.16) / unhoMne jJAnabala se moharAja ko dharAzAyI kara diyA / dambha, lobha Adi usake sainika to kaise Tika sakate the (2.66) / jaina paramparA meM RSabhadeva ko prathama rAjA-paDhamarAyo-mAnA gayA hai| unake apratihata zAsana tathA prajA ko AcAra-mArga para pravRtta karane kA kAvya meM sUkSma saMketa hai (3.5) / ve samasta kalAoM tathA zilpoM ke srota tathA prathama tIrthaMkara haiN| unhIM ke dvArA Agama kA pravartana kiyA gayA / ve gArhasthya dharma ke bhI Adi pravartaka haiM (3.6) / RSabhadeva ke carita ke bahumukhI pakSa haiM / unameM deva, guru, tIrtha, maMgala, sakhA, tAta kA adbhuta samanvaya hai / unase zreSTha koI devatA nahIM, unake nAma se sazakta koI japAkSara nahIM, unakI upAsanA se baDha kara koI puNya nahIM aura unakI prApti se bar3A koI Ananda nahIM' / vastutaH kavi ke liye ve mAtra kAvyanAyaka nahIM, prabhu haiM (1.40) / sumaMgalA ___ kAvya kI nAyikA sumaMgalA RSabhadeva kI sagI bahina tathA patnI hai / usakA caritra RSabha ke garimAmaya vyaktitva se isa prakAra AkrAnta hai ki vaha adhika vikasita nahIM ho sakA hai / vaha kulIna, buddhimatI tathA rUpavatI yuvatI hai / usake saundarya ke sammukha rambhA niSprabha hai aura rati mlAna hai / usake mukhamaNDala meM candramA tathA kamala kI samanvita ramaNIyatA nihita hai / vaha priyabhASiNI, pApa se aspRSTa, sadvRtta se zobhita tathA malinatA se mukta hai / ziva kA kaNTha viSa se, candramA kalaMka se tathA gaMgA sevAla se kaluSita hai parantu sumaMgalA kA zIla nirmala tathA zubhra hai (6.38) / use asIma vaibhava prApta hai / RSabhadeva ke sAtha vivAha hone se vaha aura bhI gauravAnvita ho jAtI hai / jina surAMganAoM kA darzana mantra-jApa se bhI durlabha hai, 43. sa eva devaH sa guruH sa tIrtha sa maMgalaM saiSa sakhA sa tAtaH / vahI, 1.73 tathA 2.71.

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya ve usake caraNoM kI dAsatA ke liye lAlAyita rahatI haiM (9.11) / kavi ke zabdo meM vAyu usakA AMgana buhAratI hai, gaMgA pAnI bharatI hai aura svayaM sUrya usakA bhojana pakAtA hai (8.30) / vaha bhAgyazAlI nAriyoM meM agragaNya hai (11.28) / apane vividha guNoM ke kAraNa vaha pati ke hRdayapaMjara kI sArikA bana gayI hai (11.23) / . sumaMgalA hIna bhAvanA se grasta hai| svapnaphala kI anabhijJatA usakI AtmahInatA ko rekhAMkita karatI hai| kAvya meM usake dvArA kI gayI nArI-nindA usake avacetanA meM chipI hInatA ko vyakta karatI hai| usI ke zabdoM meM nArI aura cintana do virodhI dhruva haiM (7.62) / sunandA - sunandA kAvya kI upekSita sahanAyikA hai / vaha yadyapi kAvya kI sahanAyikA haiM kintu sumaMgalA ke prati pakSapAta ke kAraNa kavi ne usake mahattva ko samApta kara diyA hai / eka-do prasaMgoM ke atirikta kAvya meM usakI carcA bhI nahIM huI hai| vaha antarikSa ke jala ke samAna nirmala, nItinipuNa tathA guNavatI hai / . indra yadyapi kAvyakathA kA sUtradhAra hai parantu usakA caritra adhika pallavita nahIM huA hai| vaha vyavahAra-kuzala, dRDhanizcayI tathA lokavid vyakti hai| yaha usakI vyavahAra-kuzalatA kA jvalanta pramANa hai ki vItarAga RSabha, usakI nIti-puSTa yuktiyoM se vaivAhika jIvana meM praveza kara gAhasthya dharma kA pravartana karate haiM / vivAha ke samaya jisa sUkSmatA tathA tatparatA se vaha samasta lokacAroM kA pAlana karatA hai, vaha usake vyAvahArika jJAna tathA lokanIti kA paricAyaka hai| indra svarga kA adhipati hai / devoM ke sAmrAjya meM usakA apratihata zAsana hai| usake saMketa mAtra se samUcA devavRnda, RSabha ke vivAha meM dharA para utara AtA hai aura usake AdezoM kA niSThApUrvaka pAlana karatA hai / pUjya janoM ke prati usake hRdaya meM asIma zraddhA hai / RSabhadeva ke caraNoM meM nata hokara tathA unake pUrva bhavoM evaM paropakArI kAryoM kA gauravagAna kara vaha gadgada ho jAtA hai / vaha apanA samasta vaibhava unake caraNoM meM nyauchAvara karane ko udyata hai| ___ usakI patnI zacI usakI chAyA hai / vaha sunandA se bhI adhika upekSita hai| bhASA - jaina kumArasambhava kI pramukha vizeSatA isakI udAtta evaM praur3ha bhASA hai / mahAkAvya kI hrAsakAlIna racanA hone para bhI isakI bhASA, mAgha athavA zrIharSa kI bhASA kI bhAMti, vikaTa samAsAnta tathA paravartI meghavijayagaNi kI taraha kaSTasAdhya

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janakumArasambhava : jayazekharasUri vadhavA durUha nahIM hai| hemacandra, vAgbhaTa Adi jainAcAyoM ke vidhAna kA ullaMghana karake kAvya meM citrabandha kI yojanA na karanA kavi kI bhASAtmaka suruci kA paricAyaka hai / kAvya meM bahudhA prasAdapUrNa tathA bhAvAnukUla padAvalI prayukta huI hai| jainakumArasambhava kI bhASA ke pariSkAra tathA saundarya kA zreya mukhyata: anuprAsa tathA gauNataH yamaka kI viveka pUrNa saMyata yojanA ko hai / kAvya meM jisa koTi kA anuprAsa tathA yamaka prayukta huA hai usane bhASA meM mAdhurya tathA manorama jhaMkRti ko janma diyA hai / bhASA kI prasaMgAnukUlatA jayazekhara ke bhASAdhikAra kI dyotaka ___ RSabhadeva ke vAkkauzala kI prazaMsA meM jayazekhara ne kAvya kI bhASA ke guNoM kA avaguNThita saMketa kiyA hai| usake anusAra bhASA kI saphalatA usakI svAdutA, mRdulatA, udAratA, sarvabhAvapaTutA (arthAt samarthatA) tathA akUTatA (spaSTatA) para bAdhArita hai| jayazekhara ne ina bhASAyI vizeSatAoM ke dvArA kadAcit kAvyazAstra meM mAnya prasAda, mAdhurya tathA oja guNoM kA vivaraNAtmaka punarAkhyAna kiyA hai / aura isameM sandeha nahIM ki jainakumArasambhava kI bhASA meM ye tInoM guNa yathocita vidyamAna bhASA-sauSThava tathA manorama padazayyA kAvya meM prasAdaguNa kA saMcAra karate haiM / jainakumArasambhava kI bhASA adhikatara prAMjalatA se paripUrNa hai| ata: isake aneka prasaMgo meM prasAda guNasampanna vaidarbhI rIti kA prayoga dRSTigata hotA hai, jisakA mUlAdhAra 'avRtti' athavA 'alpavRtti' hai| vizeSakara sumaMgalA ke vAsagRha kA varNana tathA paMcama sarga meM vara-vadhU ko diyA gayA upadeza prasAdaguNajanya saralatA tathA svAbhAvikatA se ota-prota hai / ina donoM prakaraNoM kI bhASA yathArthataH sahaja hai / ataH vaha tatkAla hRdayaMgama ho jAtI hai / vivAhottara 'zikSA' kA yaha aMza isa dRSTi se ullekhanIya hai antareNa puruSaM nAhi nArI, tAM vinA na puruSo'pi vibhAti / pAdapena rucimaMcati zAkhA zAkhayava sakalaH kila so'pi // 5.61 yA prabhUSNurapi bhartari dAsIbhAvamAvahati sA khalu kAntA / kopapaMkakaluSA nRSu zeSA yoSitaH kSatajazoSajalUkAH // 5.81 mRdulatA tathA sahajatA bhASA ke mAdhurya guNa kI sRSTi karatI haiM / zRMgAra ke antargata bhApA-mAdhurya kA saMketa zRMgAracitraNa ke prasaMga meM kiyA jA cukA hai| tRtIya sarga meM indra-RSabha-saMvAda meM bhI mAdhurya kI chaTA hai| vItarAga RSabhadeva ko vivAhArtha prerita karane vAlI indra kI yuktiyoM kA mAdhurya, viSaya tathA uddezya ke - 44. vahI, 10.6.

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya sarvathA anukUla hai tathA RSabha kI svIkRti prApti ke liye upayukta vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa karatA hai / 42 zaThau sametau dRDhasakhyametau tAruNyamArau kRtalokamArau / bhettuM yatAM mama jAtu cittadugaM mahAtmanniti mA sma maMsthAH // 3.16 yA dRzA pazyasi deva rAmA imA manobhUtaravAridhArA: / tAM pRccha pRthvIdharavaMzavRddhau netAH kimambhodharavAridhArAH // 3.16 kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM, ina padyoM kA mAdhurya anuprAsa tathA yamaka kI kaMkRti para AdhArita hai / jaina kumArasambhava kI bhASA kI isa udAhRta guNAtmakatA se yaha bhrama nahIM honA cAhiye ki vaha sarvatra athavA saralatA se otaprota hai / usameM eka nizcita saprayatnatA dikhAI detI hai / jayazekhara kI bhASA usakI bahuzrutatA ko vyakta karatI hai | vyAkaraNasammata vidvattApUrNa prayogoM se jayazekhara ne apane zabdazAstra ke pANDitya ko bimbita karane kA niyojita prayatna kiyA hai / kAvya meM prayukta durlabha zabda, luD., karmaNi liT kvasu, kAnac, san, Namula pratyayoM kA pracura sAgraha prayoga pANDityapradarzana kI pravRtti se prerita hai" / karmaNi luD. ke prati to kavi kA kucha aisA pakSapAta hai ki usane kAvya meM Adyanta usakA vyApaka prayoga kiyA hai jisase kahIMkahIM bhASA bojhila ho gayI hai / apracalita dhAtuoM tathA anya rUpoM kI bhI kAvya meM kamI nahIM hai / yaha avazya hai ki vidvattA pradarzana kI yaha pravRtti maryAdita hai / isa saMyama ke kAraNa hI jainakumArasambhava kI bhASA meM sahajatA tathA prauDhatA kA manorama mizraNa hai / jayazekhara kA zabdacayana tathA gumphana, paryavekSaNazakti tathA varNana kauzala prazaMsanIya hai / vaha pratyeka prasaMga ko yathocita vAtAvaraNa meM, usakI sampUrNa 45. luD. - upAsiSTISTatAm (2.67), saMgasISTa (3.63), ajoSiSTa ( 3.35), nyavikSata ( 3.40), AyAsiSam ( 8.31 ), mA sabatpadam ( 10.56 ) karmaNi luG, bRgadhvanAvAmi (2.6 ) AvirabhAvi zacyA ( 3.39 ), prasannatvamabhAji (4.55), vajriNA drutamayoji ( 5.1 ), yuvAkSimRgaistadarAmi (6.21), hAri mA tadidama nidrayA ( 10.52 ), avedi nedIyasi devarAje (11.56 ) karmaNi liT - vaidhikIbabhUve ( 3.52 ), phalaM jage ( 4.25), zaradopatasthe (6.63) svapnaM babhUve (8.40) Adi pratyaya --sisatyApayiSuH (6.22), jaganvAn ( 8.47), zravaH palvalaprama ( 10.14) Adi

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. janakumArasambhava : jayazekharasUri vizeSatAoM ke sAtha vaNita karane meM samartha hai| usake kucha varNanoM meM bhale hI yathArthatA kA abhAva ho, ve prAyaH sarvatra kavitva se taralita hai| sumaMgalA ke vAsagRha tathA aSTApada parvata ke varNana jayazekhara kI do zailiyoM ke pratIka haiM / pahale meM sahajatA kA lAlitya hai, dUsare meM prauDhatA kI grimaa| sumaMgalA ke AvAsa ke isa kAlpanika varNana meM kavitva kI kamanIyatA tathA bhASA kI madhuratA darzanIya hai| yanna nIlAmalollocAmuktA muktAphalasrajaH / babhunabhastalAdhAratArakAlakSakakSayA // 7.3 sauvarNyaputrikA yatra ratnastambheSu rejire / adhyetumAgatA lIlA devyA devAMganA iva // 7.4 yanmaNikSoNisaMkrAntamindaM kndukshNkyaa| Aditsavo bhagnanakhA na bAlAH kamajIhasan // 7.7 vyAlambimAlamAstIrNakusumAli samantataH / yavadRzyata puSpAstrazastrAgAradhiyA janaiH // 7.8 dvitIya sarga meM aSTApada ke varNana meM bhASA kI prauDhatA tathA zailI kI gambhIratA usake svarUpa ko vyakta karane meM sahAyaka hai / kavi kI prauDhokti ne use sazaktatA pradAna kI hai| prastuta zleSa meM aSTApada ko gajarAja kA rUpa diyA gayA vavarza dUrAvatha dIrghadantakaM ghanAlimAdyatkaTakAntamunnatam / pralambakakSAyitanIranirbharaM surezvaro'STApadamadrikuMjaram // 2.30 yogIjana jaba zarat kI rAtoM meM aSTApada kI sphaTika-zilAoM para baiTha kara sAdhanA karate haiM to unheM bhItara aura bAhara donoM sthAnoM para 'paramateja' ke darzana hote haiN| zarannizonmudritasAndrakaumudIsamunmadiSNusphaTikAMzuDambare / nivizya yanmUddhi sAdhaka rasAdhikarmaho'ntarbahirapyadRzyata // 2.38 - jainakumArasambhava 'sUktisudhA kA sarovara' hai| usameM vibhinna prasaMgoM meM lagabhaga sau bhAvapUrNa lokoktiyAM prayukta huI haiN| ve bahudhA arthAntaranyAsa tathA dRSTAnta ke avayava haiM / jayazekhara kI sUktiyAM usakI saMvedanazIlatA, nirIkSaNazakti tathA lokabodha ko dyotita karatI haiM / katipaya bhAvapUrNa sUktiyAM yahAM uddhRta kI jAtI haiN| 1. yadudbhavo yaH sa tadAbhaceSTitaH / 2.6 2. syAd yatra zakteravakAzanAzaH zrIyeta zUrairapi tatra sAma / 3.15 3. na ko'thavA sve'vasare prabhUyate / 4.69

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 4. jAtyaratnaparIkSAyAM bAlAH kimadhikAriNaH / 7.68 5. atitvarA vighnkriissttsiddhH| 8.62 balaMkAravidhAna alaMkAra bhAvAbhivyakti ke sazakta sAdhana haiM / balaMkAroM ke paridhAna meM sAmAnya bhAva bhI vilakSaNa saundarya se dIpta ho jAte haiM / jayazekhara ke alaMkAra camatkRti ke sAdhana nahIM haiN| ve kAvyasaundarya ko prasphuTita karate haiM tathA bhAva prakAzana ko samRddha banAte haiN| jainakumArasambhava ke alaMkAra-prayoga kI sahajatA kA yaha prabala pramANa hai ki usake yamaka aura zleSa bhI durUha nahIM haiM / dasaveM sarga meM sumaMgalA kI sakhiyoM ke natya kI mudrAoM tathA vibhinna dArzanika matoM ke zliSTa varNana meM zleSa tathA dArzanika siddhAntoM kI nIrasatA ne kavitva ko avazya daboca liyA hai / jayazekhara kI alaMkArayojanA ke digdarzana ke liye katipaya udAharaNa Avazyaka haiN| zabdAlaMkaroM meM kavi ne anuprAsa tathA yamaka kA atyadhika prayoga kiyA hai| yaha kahanA atyukti na hogI ki anuprAsa tathA yamaka kAvya meM kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM sarvatra vyApta hai / anuprAsa to prAyaH sabhI alaMkAroM meM anusyUta hai / antyaanu| prAsa kA eka madhura udAharaNa dekhie sampannakAmA nayanAbhirAmAH sadaiva jIvatprasavA avAmAH / yatrojjhitAnyapramavAvalokA avRSTazokA nyavizanta lokAH // 1.2 jainakumArasambhava kA yamaka bhI kavi kI suruci kA paricAyaka hai / anya kavi jahAM yamaka ko apanI vidvatA kA vAhaka banAkara usase kavitA ko abhibhUta kara dete haiM, vahAM jayazekhara kA yamaka kliSTatA se mukta hai / sunandA ke guNoM ke pratipAdaka isa padya meM yamaka kI saralatA ullekhanIya hai| parAntarimodakaniSkalaMkA nAmnA sunandA nynissklNkaa| tasmai guNazreNimiravitIyA pramodapUraM vyatara dvitIyA // 6.46 jayazekhara ne apane bhASAdhikAra ke pradarzana ke liye, yamaka kI bhAMti zleSa kA thI pracura prayoga kiyA hai| parantu usake zleSa kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki dasaveM sarga ke pUrvokta prasaMga ko chor3a kara vaha bhI yamaka ke samAna durUhatA se aspRSTa hai| kama se kama vaha adhika kaSTasAdhya nahIM hai / prastuta padya meM pAvasa tathA sumaMgalA kA zliSTa vidhi se eka sAtha citraNa kiyA gayA hai| dhanAgamaprINitasatkadambA sArasvataM sA rasamudgirantI / rajovaja maMjulatopanItachAyA natI prAvRSamanvakArSIt // 6.40 jai. ku. sambhava meM arthAlaMkAra bhAvodbodha ke sAdhana haiM / upamA kavi kA priya

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jainakumArasambhava : jayazekharasUri 45. alaMkAra hai / upamA varNya bhAva ko hastAmalakavat pratyakSa kara detI hai / jayazekhara ne bhAvapUrNa tathA anubhUta upamAnoM ke dvArA bhAvoM kI samartha abhivyakti kI hai / sumaMgalA tathA sunandA kI dRSTi kI caMcalatA pati ke sAmane isa prakAra vilIna ho gayI jaise adhyApaka ke samakSa chAtra kI capalatA ( 4.78 ) / sakhiyoM ne sahasA uThakara sumaMgalA ko aise ghera liyA jaise bhramaroM kI paMkti kamalinI ko ghera letI haiN| ( 10.31) / jayazekhara ke dArzanika tathA amUrta upamAna bhI upamita bhAva ko sahajatA se prasphuTita karate haiM / RSabha ke vivAha prasaMga kI eka upamA uddhRta kI jAtI hai jisase kavi ke upamA - kauzala kA samyak paricaya milatA hai / eka strI, RSabha ke gale meM vastra DAlakara unhe vivAhamaNDapa meM aise le gayI jaise karmarUpa pApaprakRti AtmA ko bhavasAgara meM khIMca le jAtI hai / pragRhya kausumbhasicA gale'balA balAtkRSantyenamanaMSTa maMDapam / avAptavArA prakRtiryathecchyA bhavArNavaM cetanamapyadhIzvaram // 474 upamA ke atirikta kAvya meM dRSTAnta tathA arthAntaranyAsa kI bharamAra hai / ina donoM alaMkAroM kA AdhAra kavi kA vyAvahArika jJAna, lokonmukhatA tathA tIvra nirIkSaNa zakti hai / jainakumArasambhava ko 'sUktisAgara' banAne kA zreya dRSTAnta tathA arthAntaranyAsa ko hI hai / nidrA-prazaMsA meM dRSTAnta kI mArmikatA ullekhanIya hai / vRSTanaSTa vibhavena varNyate bhAgyavAniti sarvava durvidhaH / janmato vigatalocanaM janaM prAptaluptanayana: panAyati / / 10.51 jainakumArasambhava meM arthAntaranyAsa kA kadAcit sabase adhika prayoga huA hai / kAvya meM aneka rocaka tathA bhAvapUrNa arthAntaranyAsa milate haiM / rAtri ke prastuta barNana meM kavi kI kalpanA ne arthAntaranyAsa kA bAnA dhAraNa kiyA hai| yahAM pUrvArddha ke vizeSa kathana kI puSTi uttarArddha kI sAmAnya ukti se kI gayI hai / titAMsati zvetyamindurasya jAyA nizA ditsati kAlimAnam / aho kalatraM hRdayAnuyAyi kalAnidhInAmapi bhAgyalabhyam / / 6.6 RSabha ke saundarya-varNana ke antargata isa padya meM striyoM kI dRSTi kA unake ( RSabha ke) vividha aMgoM meM krama se vihAra karane kA varNana hone ke kAraNa 'paryAya' alaMkAra hai / srAntvAkhileM ge'sya dRzo vazAnAM prabhApayo'kSiprapayonipIya / chAyAM ciraM bhrUlatayorupAsya bhAlasthale saMdadhuradhvagatvam / / 1.5e rUpaka, utprekSA, kAvyaliGga, virodha, vyatireka, atizayokti, asaMgati, vibhAvanA, anumAna, tadguNa, udAtta, ullekha, saMdeha, prahelikA, samAsokti, svabhAvokti kavi ke anya priya alaMkAra haiM / inameM kucha pUrvavartI prasaMgoM meM udAhRta

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46 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya kiye jA cuke haiN| chandayojanA jainakumArasambhava kA chanda-vidhAna zAstra ke anukUla hai| isake pratyeka sarga meM eka chanda kI pradhAnatA hai / upajAti kavi kA priya chanda hai| kAvya meM isIkI pradhAnatA hai| jainakumArasambhava meM upajAti, anuSTup, indravajrA, upendravajA, rayodadhatA, vaMzastha, zAlinI, vaizvadevI, svAgatA, drutavilambita, vasantatilakA, mAlinI, pRthvI, zikhariNI, mandAkrAntA, praharSiNI, hariNI tathA zArdUlavikrIDita ye aThAraha chanda prayukta haiN| samAjacitraNa jainakumArasambhava kA vAstavika saundarya isake varNanoM meM nihita hai / inameM eka ora kavi kA saccA kavitva mukharita hai aura dUsarI ora jIvana ke vibhinna pakSoM se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa inameM samasAmayika samAja kI cetanA kA spandana hai| ina varNanoM meM tatkAlIna samAja kI vyavasthA, khAna-pAna, AbhUSaNa-prasAdhana bAdi se sambandhita upayogI sAmagrI nihita hai / vivAha ke mukhya pratipAdya hone ke nAte jainakumArasambhava meM tatkAlIna vaivAhika paramparAoM kA vistRta nirUpaNa huA hai| yadyapi kAvya meM varNita ye lokAcAra hemacandra ke prAsaMgika vivaraNa para AdhArita haiM, inheM samAja meM pracalita vivAha-paramparAoM kA pratinidhi mAnA jA sakatA hai| ___ vara-vadhU ke saundarya ko pariSkRta karane ke lie vivAha se pUrva unakA prasAdhana kiyA jAtA thaa| varayAtrA ke prasthAna ke samaya nAriyAM maMgalagAna karatI thIM / varapakSa ke kucha loga, hAtha meM khule zastra lekara, vara kI agavAnI karate the / ghara ke maNDapadvAra para pahuMcane para eka vyavahAra-kuzala strI; candana, dUba, dahI Adi ke ardhya se usakA svAgata karatI thii| avasara-sulabha hAsa-parihAsa svabhAvika thaa| vahIM do striyAM mathAnI tathA mUsala se usake bhAla kA tIna bAra sparza karatI thiiN| taMba vara ke sAmane namaka tathA Aga se bhare do sikore rakhe jAte the, jinheM vaha pAMvoM se kucala detA thA / tatpazcAt use gale meM vastra DAla kara maNDapa meM le jAte the, jahAM use vadhU ke sammukha baiThAyA jAtA thaa| vadhU cUMghaTa karatI thii| vahIM pANipIDana hotA thA / tadanantara tArAmelaparva vidhi sampanna hotI thI, jisameM vara-vadhU eka-dUsare 46. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, 1. 2. 827-876 47. tulanA kIjie-mathA cucumba bimboSThI trilaM jagatpateH / vahI, 1.2.841 48. taTastraTiti kurvANaM lavaNAnalagamitam / sarAvasampuTaM dvAri mumucumnnddpstriyH|| vahI, 1.2.632

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jainakumArasambhava : jayazekharasUri ko ninimeSa dRSTi se dekhate the / hemacandra kI kavitvapUrNa bhASA meM ve netroM ke rAste eka-dUsare hRdaya meM utara jAte the| vara-vadhU ke vastrAMcaloM kI gAMTha bAMdha kara unake avicala prema kI kAmanA kI jAtI thI / isake bAda unheM svarNakalazoM se sajjita vedI para le jAyA jAtA thA, jahAM ve mantrapUta agni kI pradakSiNA karate the| vivAha-vidhi sampanna hone para vara hAtha se vadhU ke mukha kA sparza karatA thA tathA use bhojana karAtA thA, jo isa tathya kA pratIka thA ki nArI kA nirvAha puruSa ke adhIna hai / vadhU vara ko bhojana bheMTa karatI thI, jo isa bAta kA dyotaka thA ki pratibhAsampanna puruSa bhI bhojana ke viSaya meM nArI para Azrita hai| bhojana ke bAda vastrabandhana khola diyA jAtA thaa| samUcI vidhiyAM sampanna hone para bArAta ko vidA kiyA jAtA thaa| Ajakala kI taraha puranAriyAM samasta gRhakArya chor3a kara bArAta ko dekhane ke lie umar3a par3atI thiiN| dAmpatya jIvana ke sukhamaya yApana ke lie vara pakSa ke vRddhajana vara tathA vadhU ko pRthak-pRthak upadeza dete the / indra ne RSabha ko tathA zacI ne vadhuoM ko jo upadeza diyA thA, usameM pati-patnI ke pArasparika sambandhoM evaM kartavyoM kA mArmika pratipAdana hai, jo zAzvata satya kI bhAMti, Aja bhI navavivAhita premI yugaloM ke liye upayogI tathA grAhya hai / dAmpatya kA Ananda samanvaya tathA samarpaNa meM nihita hai| pati-patnI vRkSa tathA zAkhA ke samAna anyonyAzrita haiN| vakSa ke binA zAkhA "nirAdhAra hai aura zAkhA ke binA vRkSa nirAThTha hai| 46. kanInikAsu te'nyonyaM rejire prtibimbitaaH| ___ pravizanta ivAnyonyaM hRdayeSvanurAgataH // vahI, 1.2.852 "50. jainakumArasambhava, 4.45-76; 5.7-47 -51. vahI,5.61

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2. kAvyamaNDana : maNDana ... kAvyamaNDana' Alocya yuga kA kadAcit eka mAtra aisA zAstrIya mahAkAvya hai, jisakA racayitA koI dIkSita sAdhu nahIM apitu maNDapadurga kA eka prAkka, mantrI bhaNDana hai / isIliye yaha sAmpradAyika Agraha athavA dharmotsAha ke saMkIrNa uddezya se prerita nahIM hai / teraha sargoM ke isa kAvya meM mahAbhArata kA eka laghu prasaMga, mahAkAvyocita vistAra ke sAtha, kAvyazailI meM varNita hai| kAvyamaNDana kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM jainetara kathAnaka ko usake mUla pariveza meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / anya jaina kAvyakAroM kI bhA~ti maNDana ne use jaina dharma ke raMga meM raMgane kA prayatna nahIM kiyaa| kAvya kA samUcA vAtAvaraNa tathA prakRti usake upajIvya grantha ke anukUla hai| kAvyamaNDana kA mahAkAvyatva kAvyamaNDana kI racanA meM paramparAgata zAstrIya mAnadaNDoM kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai, yaha kathana tathya kA mAtra punarAkhyAna hai| kintu kAvyamaNDana kI kucha tAttvika vizeSatAe~ ullekhanIya haiM kyoMki ve sarvasulabha nahIM haiM / yaha bahunAyaka kAvya haiN| dhIrodAtta guNoM se sampanna pAMca pANDavakumAra isake mahAn tathA tejasvI nAyaka haiM / isa dRSTi se kAvyamaNDana kI tulanA raghuvaMza se kI jA sakatI hai, jisameM ikSvAku-- vaMza ke aneka zAsaka nAyaka ke pada para AsIna haiN| kAvyamaNDana una alpasaMkhyaka jaina kAvyoM meM hai, jo apane kathAnaka ke liye paMcama veda (mahAbhArata) ke RNI haiN| paramparAgata caturvarga meM se maNDana kI racanA kA uddezya 'artha' hai| prastuta kAvya ke pariveza meM 'artha' kA tAtparya laukika abhyudaya hai / draupadI ko prApta karane ke pazcAt pANDava ghumantU jIvana chor3akara punaH apanI rAjadhAnI hastinApura lauTa jAte haiN| vastuvyApAra ke vividha vistRta varNana varNyaviSaya kI apekSA varNana-prakAra ko adhika mahattva dene vAlI pravRtti ke dyotaka haiN| chandoM ke vidhAna meM maNDana ko zAstrIya lakSaNoM kI paridhi mAnya nahIM hai / isake adhikAMza sargoM meM vividha chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| isase mahAkAbya ke tAttvika svarUpa meM to koI antara nahIM AtA kintu chandabAhulya kathA-pravAha meM avAMchanIya avarodha utpanna karatA hai| kAvyamaNDana ke sImita itivRtta meM bhI nATyasandhiyoM kI saphala yojanA haI hai, jinakA lakSaNakAroM ne kathAnaka ko sugaThita banAne ke liye nizcita vidhAna kiyA 1. zrIhemacandrAcArya granthAvalI, naM. 17, samvat 1976.

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49 kAvyamaNDana : maNDana hai| prathama sarga meM anya vIroM ke sAtha pANDavakumAroM ke vilakSaNa zauyaM ke varNana meM mukha sandhi mAnI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki yahAM bIjarUpa artha prakRti vartamAna hai / dvitIya se caturtha sarga taka parivartanazIla RtuoM se pANDavoM ke pramudita hone tathA duryodhana kI IrSyA evaM kapaTanIti se unake lAkSAgRha meM agnijvAlA meM phaMsane kintu bhUmivivara se baca nikalane ke varNana meM bIja kA kucha lakSya tathA kucha alakSya rUpa meM vikAsa hotA hai / ataH yahAM pratimukha sandhi hai| pAMcaveM se naveM sarga taka garbha sandhi hai| kyoMki yahAM tIrthATana ke dvArA samaya-yApana karane se pANDavoM ko phala prApti kI AzA hotI hai parantu danuja kirmIra dvArA unheM bandI banA kara kuladevI ko unakI bali dene ke liye taiyAra hone tathA kirmIra evaM bakAsura ke sAtha bhIma ke yuddha kI ghaTanAoM se unheM cintA hotI hai| AzA-nirAzA kA yaha dvandva garbhasandhi kI sRSTi karatA hai| dasaveM se bArahaveM sarga taka brAhmaNaveza meM arjuna ke dvArA rAdhAyantra ko bIMdha kara draupadI ko prApta karane se phalaprApti kI sambhAvanA kA garbhasandhi kI apekSA adhika vikAsa hotA hai, kintu hatAza kauravoM se yuddha karanA abhI zeSa hai jisase kucha sandeha banA rahatA hai / ataH yahAM vimarza sandhi hai / terahaveM sarga meM nirbahaNa sandhi vidyamAna hai / yahAM kRSNamilana ke pazcAt pANDava draupadI ke sAtha saharSa hastinApura lauTa jAte haiM, jo isa kAvya kA phalAgama hai| bhASAgata prauDhatA, zailI kI gambhIratA, vidvattApradarzana kI pravRtti, yugajIvana kA citraNa Adi tattva kAvyamaNDana ke mahAkAvyatva ko puSTa karate haiN| kaviparicaya tathA racanAkAla ____ maNDana ne kAvyamaNDana tathA apanI anya kRtiyoM meM apanI vaMzaparamparA, dhArmika vRtti Adi kI paryApta jAnakArI dI hai tathA sthitikAla kA bhI eka mahattva pUrNa saMketa kiyA hai / usake jIvanavRttapara AdhArita mahezvara ke kAvyamanohara meM bhI maNDana tathA usake pUrvajoM kA vistRta evaM prAmANika itihAsa nibaddha hai / ukta srotoM ke anusAra kAvyamaNDana kA kartA zrImAla vaMza kA bhUSaNa thaa| usakA gotra sonagira thA tathA vaha kharataragaccha kA anuyAyI thaa| usake pitAmaha jhaMjhaNa ke chaha putra the -cAhar3a, bAhar3a, dehar3a, padma, pAhurAja tathA kola / kAvyakAra maNDana bAhar3a kA dvitIya tathA kaniSTha putra thA / maNDana ko nayakauzala tathA mantritva uttarAdhikAra meM kAvyamaNDana, 13-54 tathA zrImadvAhaDanandanaH samadharo'bhUbhAgyavAnsadguNo' styetasyAvarajo rajovirahito bhUmaNDanaM maNDanaH / zrImAnsonagirAnvayaH kharataraH zrImAlavaMzodbhavaH so'kArkatkila kAvyamaNDanamidaM vidvatkavIndrapriyaH // 13-55 campUmaNDana, 7-6, kAdambarImaNDana, 1.4-8, kAvyamanohara, 6.24., zRMgAramaNDana, 105-107.

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50 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya mile the| AbhU se lekara jhaMjhaNa saMghavI taka usake samasta pUrvaja deza ke vibhinna zAsakoM ke mantrI raha cuke the| kAvya ke vAtAvaraNa ko dekhate hue maNDana kI dhArmika pravRtti ke sambandha meM bhrAnti ho sakatI hai tathA pAThaka use bhAgavata athavA zaiva dharma kA anuyAyI mAna sakatA hai / kAvya meM jisa tanmayatA se purANaprasiddha tIrthoM, nadiyoM tathA zaMkara ke vibhinna rUpoM kA stutiparaka varNana kiyA gayA hai, usase isa dhAraNA ko bala milatA hai / parantu manDana ne jinamata meM apanI dar3ha AsthA vyakta kI hai| pratyeka sarga ke antima padya meM tathA anyatra bhI usane nirdhAnta zabdoM meM jinezvara kI vandanA kI hai tathA alaMkAra maNDana meM svayaM ko 'jinabhakta' kaha kara bhrama kA nivAraNa kiyA hai| ataH maNDana ke jaina hone meM sandeha nahIM raha jaataa| usake sabhI pUrvaja niSThAvAn jaina zrAvaka the jinhoMne tIrthayAtrA Adi sukRtyoM se prabhUta khyAti arjita kI thii| kAvyamaNDana ke maMgalAcaraNa meM jisa 'dhAma' tathA 'pareza' kI stuti kI gayI hai, usase nayacandra kI bhAMti maNDana ko bhI 'parama jina' abhipreta hai| kAvya meM anyatra bhI prANihiMsA tathA parapIr3ana kA virodha karake usane apanI ahiMsAvAdI jaina vRtti kA paricaya diyA hai / ataH kAvyakAra maNDana ko 'kAmasamUha' (1457 I. meM racita) ke praNetA mantrI maNDana se abhinna mAnanA bhrAmaka hogA kyoMki vaha jAti se nAgara brAhmaNa thA tathA usake pitAmaha kA nAma nArAyaNa thA aura vaha zrImAla vaMza meM nahIM pratyuta bhAmallavaMza meM utpanna huA thaa| zrImAla kula ne mAlava ke sAhityika tathA rAjanItika jIvana meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA adA kI hai| usameM maNDana, puMjarAja tathA megha jaise sAhityakAra-prazAsaka hue haiN| maNDana nItikuzala mantrI tathA bahumukhI vidvAn thA / vyAkaraNa, alaMkArazAstra, kAvya, saMgIta Adi sAhitya ke vibhinna aMgoM ko usakI pratibhA kA Aloka prApta huA hai / prastuta kAvya ke atirikta maNDana kI pAMca anya racanAeM prakAzita haiM / campUmaNDana ke sAta paTaloM meM bhagavAn neminAtha kA udAtta carita varNita hai / mAlava nareza ke anurodha para racita kAdambarImaNDana bANabhaTTa kI kAdambarI kA padyabaddha sAra hai / candravijayaprabandha meM candrodaya se candrAsta taka candramA kI vibhinna avasthAoM kA cAru citraNa kiyA gayA hai| alaMkAramaNDana ke pAMca paricchedoM meM sAhityazAstra kA 3. kAvyamanohara, 6.1-47 4. kAvyamaNDana, 13.52,56 tathA alaMkAramaNDana, 5.75 iti jinabhaktena maNDanena vinimite / / paMcamo'yaM paricchedo jAto'laMkAramaNDane // 5. kAvyamanohara, 6.21-37.

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kAvyamaNDana : maNDana nirUpaNa huA hai / zRMgAramaNDana 108 zRMgArika padyoM kA saMgraha hai / saMgItamaNDana tathA upasargamaNDana mantrI maNDana kI do anya kRtiyAM haiM, jo abhI taka aprakAzita haiM / usake kavikalpadruma kA ullekha 'kaiTelogasa kaiTelogarama' meM huA hai kintu yaha upalabdha nahIM hai| ___jisa hasta prati ke AdhAra para kAvyamaNDana ke vartamAna saMskaraNa kA prakAzana huA hai, vaha samvat 1504 (1447-48 I0) meM likhI gayI thI / kAdambarImaNDana; campUmaNDana, alaMkAramaNDana tathA zrRMgAramaNDana kI pratiyoM kA lipikAla bhI yahI hai| kAvyamaNDana ke lekhaka ne zRMgAramaNDana meM apane liye 'sArasvatakAvyamaNDanakaviH upAdhi kA prayoga kiyA hai / isase pratIta hotA hai ki maNDana ne sArasvatamaNDana grantha kI bhI racanA kI thii| sArasvatamaNDana kI do pratiyAM bhaNDArakara prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna meM surakSita haiM, jinameM se eka samvat 1632 (1576 I.) meM likhI gayI thI / ukta pANDulipi ke Adi tathA anta se spaSTa hai ki sArasvatamaNDana kA lekhaka tathA kAvyakAra maNDana donoM eka hI vyakti haiN| isa prakAra maNDana kI chaha kRtiyoM kI pANDulipiyoM kA pratilipikAla jJAta hai / kAvyamaNDana tathA pUrvokta cAra prakAzita granthoM kI pratilipiyAM eka hI varSa, san 1448, meM kI gayI thiiN| spaSTataH kAvyamaNDana kI racanA san 1448 se pUrva ho cukI thii| svayaM kavi ke kathanAnusAra kAvyamaNDana kI racanA usa samaya huI thI jaba maNDapadurga para yavananareza AlamasAhi kA zAsana thaa| yaha yavana zAsaka atIva pratApI tathA zatruoM ke liye sAkSAt AtaMka thaa| astyetanmaNDapAkhyaM prathitamaricamUdurgrahaM durgamucca yasminnAlamasAhinivasati balavAnduHsahaH pArthivAnAm / yacchauryaramandaH prabaladharaNibhatsainyavanyAbhipAtI zatrustrIvASpavRSTyApyadhikataramaho dIpyate sicyamAnaH // ' zrI parazurAma kRSNa goDe ke vicAra meM mAlava ke yavana zAsakoM ke kAlAnukrama ko dekhate hue alapakhAna aparanAma hozaMgagorI (1405-1432 I.) hI ekamAtra aisA zAsaka hai jise maNDana kA AzrayadAtA AlamasAhi mAnA jA sakatA hai / san 6. samvat 1504 varSe zAke 1366 pravartamAne........mAdrazudi paMcamyAM tithau budhadine pustakamalekhi / kAvyamaNDana ke anta meM lipikAra kI ttippnnii| 7. draSTavya-ina pranthoM kI lipikAra ko antya TippaNiyAM / 8. yaH sArasvatakAvyamaNDanakavirdAridra yabhUbhatpaviH / zrRMgAramaNDana, 1.7. 6. kAvyamaNDana, 13-53. zRMgAramaNDana kI racanA bhI AlamasAhi (alapakhAna) ke zAsanakAla meM huI thii| draSTavya-padya 103-104 / .. 10. jaina eNTIkverI, 11.2, pR. 25-26, pAdaTippaNI 1 /

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.52 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 1408 ke karIba alapakhAna apane pitA dilAvarakhAna ko viSa dekara mAlava kI gaddI para AsIna huA thaa| san 1411 tathA 1418 meM hozaMga (alapakhAna) ne nikaTavartI gujarAta para do bAra AkramaNa kiyA kintu ahamadazAha ke raNakauzala ne use bhagnamanoratha kara diyA / 1416 I. meM ahamadazAha se punaH parAjita hokara use bhaNDapadurga meM zaraNa lenI par3I thii| yadi AlamasAhi kI ukta pahacAna ThIka hai to - 1416 tathA 1432 I0 kI madhyavartI avadhi ko kAvyamaNDana kA racanAkAla mAnA jA sakatA hai| kathAnaka kAvyamaNDana kA kathAnaka mahAbhArata ke eka prArambhika prasaMga para AdhArita hai, jise kavi ne teraha sargoM meM prastuta kiyA hai| prathama sarga meM maMgalAcaraNa ke pazcAt bhISma pitAmaha, droNAcArya, kaurava vIroM tathA pANDava kumAroM ke zaurya evaM yaza kA varNana hai / yahIM pANDavoM ke prati dhRtarASTra ke putroM kI IrSyA kA prathama saMketa milatA hai / dvitIya tathA tRtIya sarga kA mukhya kathA se koI sambandha nahIM hai / inameM paramparAgata RtuoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / caturtha sarga meM vIra pANDavoM ke guNoM ko sahana karane meM asamartha durbuddhi kaurava unheM lAkSAgRha meM bhasmIbhUta karane kA SaDyantra banAte haiN| saralahRdaya pANDava, mAtA sahita, jatugRha meM rahane kA nimantraNa svIkAra kara lete haiM / dekhate-dekhate, rAtri ko lAkSAgRha dhU-dhU karake jala uThatA hai, kintu pANDava bhUmi-mArga se sakuzala nikala jAte haiM / bhIma kauravoM ko apane krodha kI agni meM zalabhoM kI taraha bhasma karane kA saMkalpa karatA hai parantu yudhiSThira kI zAnti kA megha use prajvalita hone se pUrva hI zAnta kara detA hai / dharmarAja ke anurodha para ve pratIkAra kI bhAvanA chor3a kara, samaya-yApana karane ke liye tIrthayAtrA ko cale jAte haiM / pAMcaveM se AThaveM sarga taka cAra sargoM meM pANDavoM ke tIrthATana kA vistRta varNana hai / ina sagoM meM gaMgA, yamunA, ziprA, narmadA, kAverI Adi vibhinna nadiyoM, kAzI, prayAga, mahAkAla, amarakaNTaka, gayA, nasiMhakSetra Adi tIrthoM tathA unake adhiSThAtA devoMaSTamUrti, jaTAma, vizvanAtha ziva kA purANoM kI taraha kintu alaMkRta zailI meM atyanta zraddhApUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai / chaThe sarga meM mAyAvI danuja kirmIra bhIma kI anupasthiti meM pANDavoM tathA unakI mAtA kuntI ko mahAbhicAra se aceta banA kara unheM kuladevatA ko bali dene ke liye bAMdha le jAtA hai / hiDimbA bhIma ko tatkAla kuladevI ke Ayatana meM pahu~cA detI hai, jahAM vaha kirmIra ko mAra kara apane 11. maNDana ke sthitikAla ke vistRta vivecana ke liye dekhiye-pI.ke. goDe-da prAimaminisTara oNpha mAlava eNDa hija varksa, jaina eNTIkverI, 11.2, pR. 25-34 /

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sAvyamaNDana : maNDana 53 maraNAsanna bhAiyoM tathA mAtA ko mukta kara detA hai / naveM sarga meM pANDava ekacakrA nagarI meM jAkara pracchanna veza meM eka daridra bAhmaNa ke ghara meM nivAsa karate haiM / vahA~ bhIma mAtA kI prareNA se narabhakSI bakAsura ko mAra kara dIna brAhmaNI ke ikalaute putra kI rakSA karatA hai tathA nagaravAsiyoM ko sadA ke liye usa krUra asura ke AtaMka se mukta kara detA hai / draupadI ke svayaMvara kA samAcAra pAkara pANDava paMcAla deza ko cala par3ate haiM / dasaveM sarga meM svayamvara-maNDapa, Agantuka rAjAoM tathA sUryAsta, rAtri mAdi kA varNana hai| drupada kRSNa ko sUcita karatA hai ki maiM apanI rUpasI kanyA vANI se pahale hI vIra arjuna ko de cukA huuN| yadi tumhArI kRpA se ve jIvita hoM to svayamvara meM ve avazya AyeMge ! zrIkRSNa drupadarAja ko vizvAsa dilAte haiM ki pANDava surakSita haiM / gyArahaveM sarga meM draupadI svayaMvara sabhA meM praveza karatI hai| yahAM usake saundarya kA savistAra varNana kiyA gayA hai| bArahaveM sarga meM pANDava brAhmaNaveza meM maNDapa meM praveza karate haiM / abhyAgata rAjA pahale unheM svayamvara dekhane ko lAlAyita kutUhalI brAhmaNa samajhate haiM kintu unake varcasva ko dekha kara unakI vAstavikatA para sandeha karane lagate haiM / dhRSTadyumna aupacArika rUpa se svayamvara kI zarta kI ghoSaNA karatA hai / jahAM tathAkathita pratApI rAjA zarta kI pUrti meM asaphala rahate haiM, vahAM arjuna lakSya ko bIMdha kara sabako vismita kara detA hai| duryodhana brAhmaNakumAra ko arjuna samajha kara drupada ko usake viruddha bhar3akAtA hai aura use draupadI ko kisI anya upayukta vara ko dene ko prerita karatA hai / isa bAta ko lekara terahaveM sarga meM donoM meM yuddha Thana jAtA hai / arjuna akelA hI bhujabala se zatrupakSa ko parAsta karatA hai / apane abhinna sakhA tathA mArgadarzaka kRSNa se cirakAla bAda milakara pANDavoM ko apAra harSa huaa| vAsudeva pANDavoM ko drupadarAja se milAte haiM tathA use brAhmaNa kumAroM kI vAstavikatA se avagata karate haiM / pANDava, patnI tathA mAtA ke sAtha hastinApura lauTa Ate haiM / yahI kAvya samApta ho jAtA hai| ___ isa saMkSipta kathAnaka ko maNDana ne apane varNana kauzala se teraha sargoM kA vizAla AkAra diyA hai / isa dRSTi se RtuoM, tIrthoM, nadiyoM, yuddhoM Adi ke vipula varNana vizeSa upayogI siddha hue haiM / aisI sthiti meM mUla kathAvastu svabhAvataH gauNa bana gayI hai| kAvyamaNDana meM kathAnaka kA sahaja pravAha dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| dvitIya tathA tRtIya sarga paramparAgata RtuoM ke varNana para vyaya kara diye gaye haiM / caturtha sarga 12. mayA dattA'navadyogI draupadIyaM sumdhymaa| pArthAya satyayA vAcA pUrva vikramazAline // 10.33 tvatkRpAtaH kathaMcicca jIveyurya di te'naghAH / kutazcicca sameSyanti rAdhAyantraM tataH kRtam // 10.36 /

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54 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya meM kathAvastu eka paga Age bar3hatI hai, kintu use turanta cAra sargoM ke setubandha se jUjhanA par3atA hai / naveM sarga se kathAnaka manthara gati se Age bar3hane lagatA hai para vaha punaH svayamvara tathA yuddha ke vyUha meM ulajha jAtA hai / vastutaH maNDana varNya viSaya kI apekSA varNana-zailI ko mahattva dene vAlI tatkAlIna kAvya-paramparA kA bandI hai| usase mukta honA zAyada sambhava bhI nahIM thaa| sacAI to yaha hai ki kAlidAsottara mahAkAvya kathApravAha kI dRSTi se bahuta kacce haiM / maNDana ke lie kathAnaka eka sUkSma taMtu hai jisake cAroM ora usane apanA zilpakauzala pradarzita karane ke lie varNanoM kA jAla buna diyA hai| kAvyamaNDana kA AdhArasrota ___ jaina matAvalambI kavi maNDana ne mahAbhArata ke eka prakaraNa ko kAvya kA viSaya banA kara tathA use usake mUla pariveza meM nirUpita karake nissaMdeha sAhasa kA kAma kiyA hai| kAvyamaNDana ke itivRtta kA AdhAra mahAbhArata kA Adiparva (1.140-50, 156-63, 162-68, 205) hai| kitairavadha kI ghaTanA vanaparva meM varNita hai / maNDana ne mahAbhArata ke itivRtta ko apane kAvya ke kalevara tathA sImAoM ke anusAra kAMTa-chAMTa kara grahaNa kiyA hai, yadyapi isa prakriyA meM kucha sArthaka tathyoM tathA ghaTanAoM kI upekSA ho gayI hai| lAkSAgRha ke nirmAtA purocana tathA vAraNAvata kA ullekha na karanA isI koTi kI cUka hai| kAvya meM purocana tathA chaha anya sthAnApanna vyaktiyoM ke jalane ke varNana kA bhI abhAva hai," hAlAMki kauravoM ko pANDavakumAroM ke naSTa hone kA vizvAsa dilAne ke lie yaha anivArya thaa| yaha bAta bhinna hai ki kAvya meM kauravoM ko phira bhI apane SaDyaMtra kI saphalatA para pUrA vizvAsa hai / pANDavoM kA tIrthATana tathA vibhinna tIrthoM kA kramabaddha varNana mahAbhArata meM upalabdha nahIM hai / Adi parva meM, isa prasaMga meM, kevala arjuna ke tIrthavihAra kA saMkSipta varNana hai / mahAbhArata kI bhA~ti kAvyamaNDana meM bhI pANDava ekacakrA nagarI meM vipanna brAhmaNa ke ghara meM nivAsa karate haiM aura kuntI brAhmaNa ke ikalaute putra ko bakAsura se bacAne ke lie apane pAMca putroM meM se eka kI bali dene kA prastAva 13. AyudhAgAramAdIpya dagdhvA caiva purocanam / SaT prANino nidhAyeha dravAmo'nabhilakSitAH // mahAbhArata (mUla, gItA presa), 1.147.4 14. paMcaiva bagdhAH kila pANDavAste lAkSAlaye karmavazAvazyam / pratyakSamasmAbhirapIkSitAni jvAlArdhavagdhAni vapUMSi teSAm // kAvyamaNDana, 12.3515. mahAbhArata (pUrvokta), 1.212-216

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kAvyamaNDana : maNDana karatI hai / mahAbhArata meM yaha prastAva brAhmaNa se kiyA gayA hai jabaki kAvyamaNDana meM yahI prastAva putra ke bhAvI vadha se vikala brAhmaNI ko kiyA jAtA hai / " mahAbhArata meM pANDava drupada kI rAjadhAnI meM kumbhakAra kI zAlA meM Thaharate haiN| kAvyamaNDana meM isakA pratyakSa ullekha nahIM hai / maNDana ke anusAra draupadI-svayamvara kI zarta tela meM chavi dekhakara rAdhAyantra ko bIMdhanA thA / spaSTataH maNDana ne mahAbhArata kI kaThina zarta ko sarala banAne kA prayatna kiyA hai kyoMki mahAbhArata meM pAMca tIroM se yantra bIMdhane kA ullekha hai| prApta vastu (draupadI) ko binA dekhe use pAMcoM bhAiyoM meM bAMTane ke kuntI ke Adeza kI carcA mahAbhArata tathA kAvyamaNDana donoM meM huI hai| mahAbhArata meM drupadarAja vyAsa kI preraNA se draupadI kA pAMca pANDava kumAroM se vidhivat vivAha karate haiM / kAvyamaNDana meM vyAsa kI bhUmikA kA nirvAha vAsudeva kRSNa karate haiN|" kAvyamaNDana meM zrIkRSNa kI kRpA se hI pANDava lAkSAgRha se sakuzala baca nikalane meM saphala hote haiN| mahAbhArata meM isakA zreya mahAtmA vidura kI dUradarzitA ko diyA gayA hai| kAvyamaNDana ke itivRtta meM kirmIra-vadha kI ghaTanA ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai / mahAbhArata meM isakA mUla kathA se koI sambandha nahIM hai| isIlie isakA varNana Adiparva se pRthak vana parva meM kiyA gayA hai| danuja kirmIra apane bhAI baka tathA mitra hiDimba ke vadha tathA hiDimbA ke apaharaNa se kruddha hokara bhIma para AkramaNa karatA hai aura mArA jAtA hai| kAvyamaNDana meM bhIma apane apahRta bhAiyoM tathA mAtA ko kirmIra ke caMgula se bacAne ke liye usakA vadha karatA hai / 22 saMbhavataH bhIma kI pracaNDatA tathA durddharSatA ko kathAnaka meM savizeSa rekhAMkita karane ke lie maNDana ne isa prasaMga ko apane itivRtta meM Aropita kiyA hai| kAvya meM vastutaH ' kitairAntaka' (12.71) saMbodhana ke dvArA bhIma ke isa kRtya tathA zaurya kA abhinandana kiyA gayA hai| 16. mahAbhArata, 1.160.3, kAvyamaNDana, 9.8 / 17. rAdhAyantrIpariSTAtsughaTitazapharI tailapUrNe phaTAhe / ....""hanyAnuSi kRtaguruzcakSuSakeSuNAlaM / kAvya maNDana, 12.18 chidraNa yantrasya samarpayadhvaM zaraiH zitomacaravaMzAdhaiH / mahAbhArata, 1.184.35 18. kAvyamaNDana, 13.16, mahAbhArata, 1.192.2 / 19. mahAbhArata, 1.197.4, kAvyamaNDana, 16.37,39 / 20. kAvyamaNDana, 4.13, mahAbhArata, 1.146.17 / 21. mahAbhArata, 3.11.30,32 / 22. kAvyamaNDana, 7.37 /

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56 rasa citraNa pANDavoM kA jIvana mAnava ke utthAna - patana kI darpapUrNa kintu karuNa kahAnI hai / apane vaividhyapUrNa jIvana meM unheM aneka citra-vicitra paristhitiyoM se guz2aranA par3atA hai / parantu unake zaurya tathA sAdhana-sampannatA kA svara sarvatra guMjita rahatA hai / yaha kahanA atyukti na hogA ki kAvya meM pANDavoM kI surakSA tathA pratiSThA kI dhurI bhIma hai / usakI durddharSa tejasvitA se kAvya Adyanta spandita hai / mRtyukuNDa lAkSAgRha se apane bhAiyoM tathA mAtA ko akSata nikAlane, unheM barbara kimmara ke lohapAza se mukta karane tathA bakAsura ke AtaMka ko samApta karane kA zreya usI ko hai| usake ina yuddhoM meM vIrarasa kI sazakta abhivyakti huI hai jise arjuna kI vIratA puSTi pradAna karatI hai / vaise bhI kAvya meM sarvatra bhIma kA AcaraNa vIrocita sAhasa tathA dar3hatA se taralita hai / phalataH kAvyamaNDana meM aMgI rasa ke rUpa meM vIra rasa kI niSpatti huI hai / caturtha sarga meM lAkSAgRha se sakuzala nikalane ke pazcAt dharmarAja kI zAntivAditA kI khillI ur3Ane vAlI bhIma kI uktiyA~ vIrocita darpa tathA asahanazIlatA se bharapUra haiN| usake vicAra meM kauravoM se hita kI AzA karanA mRgachalanA hai / ve durjana satsaMgati meM rahakara bhI apanI svAbhAvika duSTatA nahIM chor3a sakate / kyA magaramaccha gaMgAjala meM rahane se dayAlu bana jAtA hai ? yadi dharmarAja kI dayA kI meghamAlA vighna na bane, vaha kauravoM ko zalabha kI bhA~ti apanI krodhAgni bhasmasAt kara degA / jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya makrodhavahrAvayakAradIpte pApAH patiSyanti pataMgavatte / na cettavoddAmadayAmbudAlI tacchAntikartrI bhavitAntarAyaH // 4.36 kAvyamaNDana meM bhIma aura arjuna ke yuddhoM ko paryApta sthAna milA hai jinake varNana meM vIrarasa kA prabala udreka huA hai / draupadI ko svayamvara meM prApta karane meM hatAza huA duryodhana IrSyAvaza brAhmaNavezadhArI arjuna para AkramaNa kara detA hai jisase donoM meM jama kara yuddha hotA hai / arjuna ke parAkrama ke varNana meM vIrarasa - vizeSakara usake anubhavoM-- - kA saphala citraNa huA hai ( bhIma ko dekhate hI danuja kimmara ke yoddhA usa para TUTa par3ate haiN| unakA yaha dussAhasa bhIma kI krodhAgni meM ghI kA kAma karatA hai / vaha unheM tatkAla gadA se cUra-cUra kara detA hai tathA kimmara aura usake nagara ko dhvasta karake apane bhAiyoM ko bandhana se mukta karatA hai / bhIma tathA kimmara ke yuddha ke isa prasaMga meM vIra rasa kI sazakta abhivyakti huI hai / 13.1 ) / prArabdhoddharasaMgaraM tamavadhotkirmI ra mambAsuraM bhrAmyadhoragadAvizIrNavapuSaM vIrAnanekAnapi /

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kAvyamaNDana : maNDana 57 AcchetsIdapi bandhanAnyapahasandharmAdikAnAM tato dhAmIttannagaraM cakarSa paruSaM kezeSu zatrustriyaH // 7 // 38 / pramukha vIra rasa ke atirikta kAvyamaNDana meM karuNa, bhayAnaka, raudra, zAnta, zrRMgAra tathA adbhuta rasa aMga rUpa meM vidyamAna haiN| ye aMgabhUta rasa aMgI rasa ko paripuSTa karake kAvya kI rasavattA ko tIvra banAte haiM tathA usameM indradhanuSI saundarya kI sRSTi karate haiN| gauNa rasoM meM karuNa rasa kI pradhAnatA hai / jatugaha meM pANDavoM ke dahana se AzaMkita pauravAsiyoM ke vilApa meM aura kirmIra dvArA bandI banAe gaye pANDavoM ko bali dene ke lie kuladevI ke mandira meM le jAne para kuntI ke mAtRsulabha cItkAra meM karuNa rasa kI tIvratA pragaTa huI hai| vAraNAvata ke nivAsiyoM ke zoka meM karuNA kI mArmikatA hai| vRthA pRthAyAstanayA nayADhyA dagdhA vidagdhA jtumndirsthaaH| vidvaSadbhiH kururAjaputraH pApAtmabhirdharmabhRto hahA'mI // dInAnukampAM ca kariSyate kaH ko mAnayiSyatyapi mAnayogyAn / vattiSyate samprati kaH prajAsu bhRzAnurAgAttviha bandhuvacca // 4.15-16 daitya kirmIra pANDavoM ko vazIbhUta karane ke nimitta siddhi prApta karane ke lie zmazAna meM mahAbhicAra homa kA anuSThAna karatA hai / zmazAna kI bhayaMkaratA ke varNana meM bhayAnaka rasa kA paripAka hai| kirmIra kI sAdhanAsthalI kahIM bhUta-pizAcoM kI huMkAra se guMjita hai, kahIM karAla vetAloM tathA DAkiniyoM kA jamaghaTa hai, kahIM preta bhairava aTTahAsa kara rahe haiM, kahIM yoginiyoM kA cakravAla apanI kilakilAhaTa se hRdaya ko kaMpA rahA hai aura kahIM DamaruoM kA vikaTa nAda aura mahiSoM, meMDhoM Adi kA cItkAra trAsa paidA kara rahA hai / isa bhayAvaha pariveza meM kirmIra kA mahAbhicAra kise bhIta nahIM kara detA ? hiMsAkaraM satvarasiddhidaM ca zmazAnavATe vaTasannikRSTe / huMkAravabUtapizAcacake sadakSiNIrAkSasazAkinIke // 6.26 uttAlavetAlakarAlakAsakaMkAlakaSmANDakaDAkinIke / prahAsavatpretakaraMkarake praharSavabhairavIrave ca // 6.27 uditakilikilAke yoginIcakravAle vikaTaDamarunAdakSetrapAlAkule c| manuSamahiSameSaH kukkuTarAradbhiH kalitakusumamAlairvadhyamAnaH suraudraH // 6.28 kuntI apane eka putra ke balidAna se brAhmaNI ke ikalaute putra ke prANoM kI rakSA karane kA prastAva karatI hai / pavitrahRdayA brAhmaNI ise prANihiMsA mAna kara basvIkAra kara detI hai| usakI isa dhAraNA kA prativAda karatI huI kuntI use jagat kI vibhUtiyoM tathA padArthoM kI nazvaratA aura viSayoM kI virasatA se avagata karAtI

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya hai| mAtA-pitA, bandhu-bAndhava Adi samUce sambandha marumarIcikA kI taraha AbhAsa mAtra haiN| unakI sthiti budbuda, indradhanuSa, indrajAla Adi se zreSTha nhiiN| ata: isa asAra saMsAra meM manuSya ko prANoM kI bAz2I lagAkara bhI nirmala yaza kA saMcaya karanA caahie| zivi ne apanA mAMsa tathA dadhIci ne asthiyAM dekara yahI kiyaa| vaibhava tathA viSayoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA ke isa citraNa meM zAnta rasa kI pAvana dhArA pravAhita hai| svaM ziviH palamadAdadhIcirapyasthisaMcayamasArasaMsatau / sadyazaH kumudakundanirmalaM sthAsnu ca pravivadhe'dhiviSTapam // 6.15 bhrAtRmAtRpitRputravAndhavapreyasIprabhUtayo vimtayaH / svAdavazca viSayA hayA gajA bhUrayo nimiSabhaMgurA ime // 9.16. apane prANapriya bhAiyoM ko kuladevatA ke mandira meM bandI avasthA meM tathA daitya kimmarmIra ko unheM bali dene ko taiyAra dekha kara bhIma krodha se pAgala ho jAtA hai| usakI bhRkuTi tana jAtI hai, gadA ghUmane lagatI hai, usakI siMhagarjanA se parvata gUMja uThate haiM aura logoM kA hRdaya daraka jAtA hai / usakI ina ceSTAoM ke citraNa meM raudra rasa kI avatAraNA huI hai| iti zrutvA mAnItanujavacanaM vatsalatayA ___ gavAM bhrAmaM bhrAmaM bhkuttikuttilaasyo'milsutH| mahAsiMhadhvAnonmukharagirividrAvitajano vadansaMtiSThasvetyasurapatimatyuddhataSA // 7.35. kAvyamaNDana meM zrRMgArarasa ke pallavana ke liye adhika sthAna nahIM hai| draupadI ke saundarya-varNana meM adhikatara zRMgAra ke Alambana vibhAva kA nirUpaNa hai / kAma kI kaTArI ke samAna draupadI ke svayamvara-maNDapa meM praviSTa hote hI upasthita rAjAoM ke samudra meM kAmajanya kSobha kA jvAra A jAtA hai / yahAM zrRMgAra ke uddIpana vibhAva kA bhI citraNa huA hai| jagajjayAyAstramivAsameSoH sA braupadI saMsadamAsasAda / vikSobhayantI vadanendunAtha nAnAvanInAthasamUhavAddhim // 11.1. maNDana ne isa prakAra vividha prasaMgoM meM manobhAvoM ke mArmika citraNa ke dvArA kAvya ko rasAtmakatA se sikta banAyA hai| yaha tIvra rasavattA kAvya kI vibhUti hai| prakRti-citraNa ___ kAvyamaNDana meM prakRti kA citraNa zAstrIya vidhAna kI khAnApUrti ke liye kiyA gayA hai / prathama sarga ke turanta bAda do sargoM meM Rtu-varNana tathA dasaveM sarga meM svayamvaramaNDapa Adi ke pazcAt sUryAsta aura candrodaya kA varNana paramparA ke nirvAha ke liye jabaradastI phiTa kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| RtuvarNana ke antargata pANDavoM

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kAvyamaNDana : maNDana ke AkheTa, dIpAvalI tathA dolAkrIr3A ke apekSAkRta vistRta evaM anAvazyaka varNanoM se kavi kI prakRticitraNa ke prati vAstavika bhAvanA tathA dRSTikoNa spaSTa hai / yaha bAta bhinna hai ki ina prasaMgoM meM prakRti ke katipaya atIva manorama citra aMkita hue haiM aura ve kavi ke prakRti-prema ke paricAyaka haiM / prakRti-varNana kI kAlidAsottara paramparA ke anurUpa maNDana ke prakRti-citraNa meM svAbhAvikatA kI kamI hai / usane adhikatara uktivaicitrya ko prakRti-varNana kA AdhAra banAyA hai| isIliye bhAravi, harSa Adi kI kRtiyoM kI bhA~ti kAvyamaNDana meM prakRti ke alaMkRta varNanoM kA bAhulya hai| alaMkRta varNanoM ke antargata kahIM vividha alaMkAroM ke AdhAra para prakRti kA kalpanApUrNa varNana kiyA jAtA hai, kahIM use mAnavI rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAtA hai aura kahIM usake uddIpana pakSa ko ubhArA jAtA hai / kAvyamaNDana meM prakRti-citraNa kI ukta sabhI zreNiyA~ dRSTigata hotI haiM / dvitIya sarga kA pAvasavarNana Adyanta yamaka se AcchAdita hai / dasaveM sarga kA sUryAsta tathA candrodaya kA varNana kavi-kalpanA se taralita hai| isa bAta kA apalApa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki ina alaMkRta varNanoM ke AvaraNa ke nIce kahIM-kahIM prakRti ke svAbhAvika upAdAnoM kA bhI citraNa huA hai| kAvyamaNDana ke ina sahaja alaMkRta citroM kA nijI saundarya hai| sukRtI dharmarAja tathA zarat ke isa zliSTa varNana meM zaratkAla ke sahajAta guNoM kA citraNa nihita hai| dharmaputra kI sadvRtti se lokoM meM lakSmI kA udaya hotA hai, mUr3ha vyakti jar3atA chor3akara nirmala buddhi prApta karate haiM aura vaha sarvatra pavitratA kA saMcAra karatI hai / zarat meM kamala khila uThate haiM, jalAzayoM kA jala nirmala hoM jAtA hai aura mArga Adi kA kIcar3a sUkha jAtA hai / zleSa ke mahIna AvaraNa meM zarada Rtu kI svAbhAvikatA spaSTa dikhAI de rahI hai| padmodayaM nidadhatI bhuvaneSvathocca. rAtanvatI vimalatAM ca jaDAzaye'pi / niSpaMkatAM vivadhatI bhuvi dharmasUno vRttiryathA sukRtinaH zaravAvirAsIt // 3.1. maNDana ke katipaya alaMkRta varNana bahuta anUThe haiM / unase usakI kamanIya kalpanA tathA zilpakauzala kA paricaya milatA hai| sUryAsta ke sAdhAraNa dRzya ko kavi ne sandhyAkAla para svarNakAra ke karma kA Aropa karake rocakatA se bhara diyA hai| jaise svarNakAra sone ko Aga meM tapA kara pahale pAnI meM bujhAtA hai, phira usase nAnA prakAra ke AkarSaka AbhUSaNa banAtA hai, usI prakAra sandhyA ke svarNakAra ne svarNapiNDa ke samAna sUrya ko AkAza kI mUSA meM tapAyA hai aura saMsAra ko cAMda, tAroM Adi ke bhUSaNoM se suzobhita karane ke liye use pazcima sAgara ke pAnI meM pheMka

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya diyA hai| tAmrarociratitaptamupAnaM hemagolamiva kAlakalAvaH / abhipajjalanidhau ravivimbaM nirmimAsuratha vizvavibhUSAm // 10-53 navodita candramA kSINa kyoM hotA hai ? isa sambandha meM maNDana kI kalpanA dekhiye / candramA svAmidroha kA doSI hai| usake svAmI bhagavAna zaMkara ne apane tRtIya netra kI jvAlA se jisa kAma ko bhasma kiyA thA, candramA use apanI amRtavarSI kiraNoM se punaH jIvita karane kI capalatA karatA hai| prabhudroha ke usa maparAdha ke daNDa ke rUpa meM use kSINatA bhoganI par3atI hai / trinayananayanAcirdagdhavhaM yadi durmadanamamRtavarSa vayantyaMzubhiH svaH / tadanubhavati nUnaM svaprabhudrohajAMha- ' phalamamitamajana kSINatAM bibhradaMge // 10.68 maNDana ne prakRti ko mAnavI rUpa dene meM bhI apanI nipuNatA kA paricaya diyA haiM / kAvyamaNDana meM prakRti ke mAnavIkaraNa ke aneka abhirAma citra aMkita kiye gaye haiM / maNDana kA pAvasa zaktizAlI samrAT ke samAna apane zatru, grISma, kA uccheda karake, rAjasI ThATa se gaganAMgana meM praveza karatA hai / ghanaghora garjanA karatA huA megha usakA madamasta hAthI hai, bijalI dhvajA hai, indra-dhanuSa usakA cApa hai, bagule caMvara haiM sthA khumba zveta chatra haiM / pramudita mayUra, baMdiyoM kI taraha, usakA ullAsapUrvaka abhinandana karate haiN| atha ghanAghanamattamataMgajo nimissrocidNcitketnH| rucirazakrazarAsananiSyataccharacayaM racayambhuvi saMbhavam / / 2.1 bahalagajitakRjjajalAgamaH pramadavacchikhibanvibhirIDitaH / atanubhUtirivoddhatabhUpatiH sanatapaMnatapaMtamahannarim // 2.2 ruciracAmaracArabalAka ucchatazilinprasitAtapavAraNaH / prakaTayansutarAmaturAjatAM pramudiro mudirodaya Avabhau // 2.4. vasanta-varNana ke nimnokta padya meM latA para rajasvalA nArI kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai, jo lajjita hokara pallavoM ke vastra se rajadharma ke sabhI cihna chipAne kA prayAsa kara rahI hai| latA puSpavatI jAtA madhoH saMgAd variva / lasatpallavavastreNa lajjitAtmAnamAvRNot // 3.20 pahale kahA gayA hai ki prakRti ke Alambana pakSa ke citraNa meM kavi ko adhika vi nahIM hai / kAvyamaNDana meM prakRti ke svAbhAvika saundarya ke katipaya citra hI

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kAvyamaNDana : maNDana dRSTigata hote haiM / ye kavi ke nizchala prakRti-prema ke pratIka haiM aura apanI yathArthatA tathA manoramatA ke kAraNa varNya viSaya ko mUrta rUpa dene meM samartha haiN| zarad Rtu meM varSAkAla kI malinatA dUra ho jAtI hai, haMsa mAnasa se lauTa Ate haiM, cAroM ora unakA madhura kalarava sunAI par3atA hai, dizAe~ svaccha ho jAtI haiM, pRthvI kAzakusumoM se bhara jAtI hai. dhAna paka kara phala ke bhAra se jhuka jAte haiM tathA vibhinna puSpoM kI mAdaka gandha se bharI samIra janamana ko Anandita karatI hai / zarad ke ina upakaraNoM kA sahaja citra nimnAMkita paMktiyoM meM kiyA gayA hai| nAtyAkSurna rajasvalAtvamakhilAH svacchodakAH sindhavaH prodAmapramadaM vadhuH kalagiraH kASThAsu haMsAlayaH / digvadhvo'vimaH prasAvamabhito vaktreSvamUH sAmbarA babhrAje suvikAzakAzakusumairbhUmaNDalI maNDitA // 3.3 AvApeSu sarojasauramabharabhrAntAlayaH zAlayaH pAko kaphalaughamAranamitA bamrAjire bhuurishH| mandaM mandamamI samoranivahA vAnti sma saptacchado nidvatkokanadAravindakumudAmodacchaTAmedurAH // 3.4 prastuta padya meM grISma kI pracaNDatA sAkAra ho gayI hai| grISme dhUmyAndhakArAH kakuma udabhavandAvadagdhA banAntA ___ vAsyA solkohareNurdharaNiranalavanmurmurIbhUtapAsuH / nadyaH parNaiH kaSAyakvathitatanunalA vahnivarSI vivasvA ___ pAnyAH zvAsoNyabhAjo dhigudayamasatAM jAtavizvopatApam // 3.36 ina paMkyioM ko par3ha kara garmI kI cilacilAtI dhUpa, AMdhI-jhakkhar3a, khaulate pAnI, sUrya kI agnivarSA, tapta bhUmi aura dahakatI dhUla kA yathArtha citra anAyAsa mAnasapaTala para aMkita ho jAtA hai / kahanA na hogA, ina svabhAvoktiyoM meM maNDana kA kavitva utkRSTa rUpa meM prakaTa huA hai / nissandeha ye padya sAhitya kI uttamottama svabhAvokti yoM se Takkara le sakate haiN| prakRti ke prati maNDana kA dRSTikoNa rUDhivAdI hai| prakRtivarNana ke antargata pUre eka sarga meM yamaka kA prayoga karanA tatkAlIna kAvyazailI ke prabhAva kA pariNAma hai / paramparA se prabhAvita hotA huA bhI maNDana prakRti kA kuzala citrakAra hai / sauMdaryacitraNa maNDana prAkRtika saundarya kI bhA~ti mAnava-saundarya kA bhI catura citerA hai / kavi ne saMskRta-sAhitya meM pracalita saundarya-varNana kI donoM zailiyoM ke dvArA apane pAtroM ke zArIrika saundarya kI vyaMjanA kI hai| usane paramparAgata tathA cira-pracalita

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya nakhazikhapraNAlI kA Azraya lekara pAtroM ke aMgoM-pratyaMgoM ke saundarya kA kramabaddha varNana kiyA hai aura varNya vyaktiyoM ke samagra saundarya ke samanvita citra bhI prastuta kiye haiN| gyArahaveM sarga meM draupadI ke vistRta varNana meM nArI-saundarya kA sAMgopAMga citraNa huA hai / vastutaH kAvya meM nArI-saundarya kA hI prAdhAnya hai| Arambha meM maNDana ne darzaka ke mana para par3ane vAle draupadI ke saundarya ke samagra prabhAva kA sAmAnya varNana kiyA hai", tatpazcAt usane nakhazikhavidhi se draupadI ke vibhinna avayavoM ke lAvaNya kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| navIna upamAnoM kI yojanA ke kAraNa usake saundarya-citra sahajatA tathA sajIvatA se otaprota haiN| nimnalikhita padyoM meM kRSNA ke stanoM, kaTAkSa, tilaka, kezapAza tathA dRSTi kI tulanA kramazaH kAma ke nidhi-kumbhoM, kUTayantra, candrakalaMka, gaMgA-yamunA kI mizrita jalarAzi tathA madirA evaM tripuravidyA se kI gayI hai / kaNThasthalIlolamahendranIlahArAhirAjena surakSyamANau / nidhAnakumbhAviva gopanIyau stanAvamuSyAH smarapArthivasya // 11.34 kUTayantraM kaTAkSo'syA mRgAcyA dRzyate sphuTam / yuvavAtAyavo yena pAtyante nikaTasthitAH // 11.36 kastUrItilako bhAti bhAle'syA ruciraakRtii| zArade pArvaNe candra kalaMka iva maMjulaH // 11.41 etasyA hariNIdazastribhuvanonmAdAya kAdambarI kAmaM kAmukakAmakandalasamullAsAya kAdambinI / vizvAkarSaNamohanasvavazataH probhAvayantI kSaNAd dRSTi ti mahAprabhAvagahanA vidyeva sA trapurI // 11.42 bhAste kezapAzo'syA muktAjAlakalApamRt / bNhiiyaankaayevaanogho gaMgAyamunayoriva // 11.48 draupadI ke nakhazikha ke antargata usake sarvAtizAyI saundarya ko sAkAra karane ke lie maNDana ne vyatireka kA bhI Azraya liyA hai| prastuta padya meM usake pAMva, gati tathA jaMghAeM cira-pratiSThita upamAnoM-haMsa tathA kadalIstambha ke saundarya ko parAjita karatI huI citrita kI gayI haiM / asyAH padAravinde dhra vamupahasato rAjahaMsAnprayAte mAdhurye zijitAnAM kalakalavilasadratnamaMjIravambhAt / 23. nirdagdhaM smarabhUrahaM hararuSA hya kUrayantI punaH prauDhaM rAjakadambakaM prapulakaM svAlokata kurvtii| zyAmA kAmimanomayUranikaraM pronmAdayantI muhuH seyaM bhAti nitambinI nayanayodazyeva kAdambinI // kAvyamaNDana, 11.10

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'kAvyamaNDana : maNDana 63 UrUbhyAM komalAbhyAM navimabharalasatstambhagarbhAzca rambhAH kampante'syAH jitAH kiM tapahimasamayodbhUta zaityoSNimabhyAm / / 11.29 puruSa saundarya kA citraNa kaurava tathA pANDava kumAroM ke varNana meM dekhA jA - sakatA hai / kintu kavi ne yahAM uparyukta donoM praNAliyoM ko chor3akara bhUSaNoM tathA sAmAnya sajjA se utpanna saundarya kA varNana kiyA hai14 / caritracitraNa 1 kAvyamaNDana ke karttA ne apane pAtroM ko unake mUla pariveza meM prastuta kiyA . hai / ata: usake lie pANDava sadguNoM ke AgAra haiM, kaurava durguNoM ke bhaNDAra | kAvya meM pANDavoM kathA kauravoM kA citraNa, samaSTi tathA vyaSTi donoM rUpoM meM, citrita kiyA - gayA hai / sAmUhika rUpa meM pANDava uddhata zaurya se sampanna, mahAbAhu, pratApI tathA dharmAnurAgI haiM / zrIkRSNa ke prati unakI aTala bhakti hai / ve dhanurdhAriyoM meM agraNI haiN| unakA yaza samUce bhUmaNDala meM vyApta hai / ve prasannamukha tathA satyavAdI haiM / unheM prajA kA aTUTa vizvAsa prApta hai / nItimattA unake jIvana kI dhurI hai / dAnazIlatA meM ve kalpavRkSoM ko bhI mAta karate haiM / ve sAmrAjyalakSmI ke pAtra haiN| unakA hRdaya - dayA tathA paropakAra kI bhAvanA se ota-prota hai / ve samarAMgaNa meM siMha kI bhA~ti nirbhaya vicaraNa karate haiM / vAstava meM pANDava amUlya guNoM kI vizAla nidhi haiM" / 1 vyaSTi rUpa meM dharmarAja yudhiSThira zAnti kI sAkSAt pratimA haiM / ghora 'vipattiyA~ bhI unake samatva ko vicalita nahIM kara sakatIM / lAkSAgRha meM yama ke mukha use nikalane ke pazcAt ve kauravoM ke prati kiye gaye apane upakAroM tathA unake - apakAroM ko yAda karake hI santoSa kara lete haiM / ve apane vIra anujoM ko bhI prati - zodha kA mArga chor3a kara tIrthayAtrA meM samaya vyatIta karane kA parAmarza dete haiM / unakA biruda 'dharmarAja' unake vyaktitva kI pavitratA tathA udAttatA kA dyotaka hai, "jise kAvya meM vizeSataH rekhAMkita kiyA gayA hai / apane garimApUrNa vyaktitva ke kAraNa ve samasta pRthvImaNDala para pratiSThita tathA samAdRta haiN| unakI vRtti jagat ke abhyudaya kI vidhAtA hai / bhagavAn kRSNa bhI unake guNoM tathA vyaktitva se abhibhUta haiM / draupadI svayamvara ke bAda zrIkRSNa svayaM yudhiSThira se milane ke liye Ate - haiM aura pAdavandanA se unake prati zraddhA prakaTa karate haiM" / 24. kAvyamaNDana, 1.26-27, 30-31. 25. vahI, 4.1 5. 26. ahAni hAnipracurANi yAvattAvaddhi tIrthATanamAzrayAmaH / vahI, 4.33. 27. dharmo'dhikSitilabdhakItiH / vahI, 1.23 28. tenAbhivanditapadaH prathamaM tato'jaM / vahI, 13.27

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya bhIma mUrtimAn darpa tathA zaurya hai / vaha durddharSa yoddhA tathA advitIya ojasvI hai / vaha bhrAtRsneha ke kAraNa dharmarAja ke tIrthATana ke parAmarza ko mAna to letA hai kintu usakI thothI AdarzavAditA para vaha apane krodha tathA haMsI ko nahIM roka sakatA / vaha apanI krodhAgni se duSTa kauravoM ko bhasma karane ko taiyAra hai, kintu use AzaMkA hai ki dharmarAja kI dayA kA megha use turanta zAnta kara degA " / bhIma ke bhujabala, zaurya tathA pracaNDatA kA koI ora-chora nahIM hai / vahI hara vipatti meM apane bhAiyoM kI rakSA karatA hai / lAkSAgRha meM, mRtyumukha meM phaMse apane bhAiyoM aura mAtA ko sakuzala nikAlane kA zreya kAvya meM use hI diyA gayA hai / kimmara ke caMgula se unheM chur3AnA kevala bhIma jaise apratihata tathA sAdhana-sampanna vyakti ke lie hI sambhava thA / vaha kimmara tathA bakAsura ko kSaNa bhara meM dharAzAyI kara detA hai / pANDavoM ke lie kimmara ke vadha kA kitanA mahattva thA, yaha isI se spaSTa hai ki arjuna jaisA dhanurdhara bhI use 'kimmarAntaka' kahakara sambodhita karatA hai tathA gADhe samaya meM draupadI kI surakSA kA bhAra use sauMpatA hai" / 64 arjuna advitIya dhanurdhArI hai / vaha kRSNa kA parama mitra tathA pratApI yoddhA hai / vaha akelA hI pratidvandviyoM ko parAjita karane meM samartha hai jaise akelA siMha hAthiyoM ko pachAr3a detA hai aura sUrya nakSatroM kA teja naSTa kara detA hai" / usane apane bhujabala aura raNakauzala se drupada ko bhI bandI banA liyA thA / usake guNoM aura vIratA se abhibhUta hokara drupadarAja ne apanI rUpavatI putrI use dene kA pahale hI nizcaya kara liyA thA / paMcAlanareza kI yaha kAmanA ki arjuna lAkSAgRha se kisI prakAra baca kara svayamvara meM A jAe, usake sadguNoM evaM zaurya kI svIkRti hai / arjuna saundarya sampanna yuvaka hai / svayamvara maNDapa meM lakSya bIMdhane ko udyata brAhmaNa kumAra ko arjuna samajhane mAtra se draupadI meM kAma kA udreka ho jAtA hai / arjuna acUka nizAnacI hai| digdigantoM se Ae hue rAjAoM meM kevala vahI ghUmatI zapharI ke pratibimba ko dekha kara usakI A~kha bIMdhane meM saphala hotA hai| kauravoM tathA unake pakSapoSakoM kI saMgaThita senAe~ bhI unake sAmane nahIM Tika sakIM / kauravoM kA caritra IrSyA tathA ghRNA se kalaMkita hai / samaSTirUpa meM ve krUra.. 26. vahI, 4.36. 30. lAkSAgRhe prabaladhUmahutAzadIpte saMrakSitA hi bhavatA bata bhImasena ! vahI, 7.17.. 31. kimmarAntaka rakSa rAjatanayAM yAvadviSaH zAsmyaham / vahI, 12.71 I 32. vahI, 10.34 33. mayA dattA'navadyAMgI draupadIyaM sumadhyamA / pArthAya satyayA vAcA pUrva vikramazAline / / vahI, 10.33

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kAvyamaNDana : maNDana hRdaya, pApAtmA, durbuddhi, rAjyalolupa tathA viSayAsakta haiM / pANDavoM ke prati unakI IrSyA isa sImA taka pahuMca gaI hai ki ve unheM jIvita bhI nahIM dekha sakate / pANDavoM ko jatugRha meM jIvita jalAkara mArane kA unakA SaDyantra isI IrSyA tathA dveSa se prasUta hai / pANDavoM kI ora unakI yaha ghRNA kAvya meM paga-paga para prakaTa huI hai| svayamvara meM rAdhAyantra ko bIMdhane vAle brAhmaNakumAra kI vAstavikatA ko jAna kara kauravarAja duryodhana drupada ko usa vipanna brAhmaNa ko kanyA na dene ke lie bhar3akAtA hai / isa kUTanIti meM asaphala hokara vaha pANDavoM se yuddha ThAna letA hai, kintu arjuna kA bAhubala usakA darpa cUra kara detA hai / draupadI kAvya kI nAyikA hai / vaha parama sundarI hai| usake svayamvara-maNDapa meM padArpaNa karate hI Agantuka rAjA kAmAkula ho jAte haiM tathA use prApta karane ko adhIra ho uThate haiM / yadyapi use arjuna ne hI jItA thA kintu vidhi kI viDambanA hai ki use pAMcoM bhAiyoM kI patnI bananA par3atA hai| zrIkRSNa ke anusAra yaha dharma se anumodita hai| inake atirikta kAvya meM eka aura pAtra hai, jo bahudhA parde ke pIche se hI sUtrasaMcAlana karatA hai / vaha hai kRSNa vAsudeva / ve pANDavoM ke vizvasta sakhA tathA sacce mArgadarzaka haiM / arjuna ke sAtha to unakI maitrI itanI pragAr3ha hai ki kAvya meM use 'kRSNasakhA' isa sAbhiprAya vizeSaNa se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| zrIkRSNa trikAlajJa haiM / bhUta, vartamAna tathA bhaviSya unheM hastAmalakavat spaSTa haiN| vastutaH ve Izvara haiN| gADhe samaya meM pANDava niyamita rUpa se unheM yAda karate haiM aura ve bhaktavatsala unheM sadaiva vipattiyoM se ubArate haiN| vAstava meM, pANDava sote-jAgate, uThate-baiThate, khAte-pIte kabhI bhI unheM nahIM bhuulte| unhIM kI kRpA se pANDava samasta kaThinAiyoM para vijaya pAte haiN| ve pANDavoM ke jIvana meM isa prakAra ghule-mile hue haiM ki unake binA pANDavoM ke astitva kI kalpanA karanA bhI sambhava nahIM hai / tIrthayAtrA Arambha karate samaya pANDava sarvaprathama dvArikA jAkara unake darzana karate haiN| draupadI ke svayamvara meM jahA~ anya upasthita rAjA, yahA~ taka ki kaurava bhI, brAhmaNakumAra ko pahacAnane meM bhUla karate haiM, ve apane mitroM ko turanta pahacAna lete haiM aura gupta rUpa se arjuna kI praNati svIkAra karate haiM / ve hI drupadarAja ko una dvijavezadhArI yuvakoM kI vAstavikatA batA kara usakA saMdeha dUra karate haiN| zrIkRSNa bhaktavatsala haiN| 34. vahI, 13.37 35. bhUtaM bhavacca kila bhAvi ca vedmi sarvam / vahI, 13.38, sarvajJo'si jagannAtha / vahI, 10.32 36. haMsi tvameva sakalAnahitavrajAnnaH / vahI, 13.35

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya draupadI ke svayambara ke pazcAt ve svata: apane prANapriya bhakta tathA mitra pANDavakumAroM se milane Ate haiM / unake bhaktoM ko trikAla meM bhI bhaya nahIM satA sktaa| na kadAcitkAlato'pi madbhaktA bibhrate bhayam / saMkaTeSu hi sarveSu jAgrad rakSAmi tAnaham // 10.41. bhASA bhASA kI dRSTi se kAvyamaNDana jainArjana saMskRta kAvyoM meM ucca pada kA adhikArI hai / kavi kA bhASA para pUrNa adhikAra hai| vastutaH vaha vAgvazyA ko bhA~ti usakA anusaraNa karatI hai| kAvyamaNDana kI bhASA mahAkAvya ke anurUpa dhIragambhIra hai / usameM sahajatA tathA alaMkaraNa kA maMjula mizraNa hai / samartha hote hue bhI maNDana ne apane bhASA-pANDitya kA anAvazyaka pradarzana nahIM kiyA hai| vaha bhalIbhA~ti jAnatA hai ki bhASA kA saundarya kliSTatA meM nahIM, sahajatA meM nihita hai / ata: usane yathocita bhASA ke dvArA pAtroM ke hRdgata bhAvoM tathA kathAvastu kI vibhinna paristhitiyoM ko vANI pradAna karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| isIlie kAvyamaNDana kI bhASA meM eka ora pAradarzI vizadatA hai to dUsarI ora vaha samAsasaMkula tathA durvodha hai yadyapi yaha mAnane meM Apatti nahIM ki yaha bhASAtmaka durbhedyatA kAvyamaNDana kA mAtra . eka dhruva hai / sAmAnyataH vaha prasAdapUrNa tathA subodha hai| apane isa bhASAtmaka kauzala ke kAraNa maNDana pratyeka varNya viSaya kA yathArtha citraNa karane meM samartha hai| dhadhakatA lAkSAgRha ho athavA bhayAnaka mahAbhicAra homa, kuntI kI hRdayadrAvaka vikalatA ho yA prANalevA yuddha, nArI-saundarya ho athavA puruSa kA pauruSa, bhagavAn zaMkara kA tANDava ho yA gaMgA kI pAvana dhArA, ye saba prasaMga maNDana kI tulikA kA sparza pAkara mukharita ho gaye haiN| apane prANapriya putroM kI sambhAvita bali se vikala kuntI ke zoka ke varNana kI padAvalI meM mAnava kI vivazatA tathA dInatA kI kasaka hai jisase hatabuddhi hokara vaha vidhi ke prati Akroza prakaTa karake hRdaya ko sAntvanA detA hai / hA hA vidhe! pralayamArutavanmadIyA mAnAstvayA kimu sutAH surabhUruho vaa| paJcava muktakaruNena yadIyadoSNAM chAyAzrayA sukhamagAM jagatItale'smin // 7.15. lAkSAgRha se bacakara dharmarAja apane bhAiyoM ko Azvasta karane ke lie jo zabda kahate haiM, ve unakI zAntivAdI nIti ke sarvathA anukUla haiN| pratikAra kA mArga usa ajAtazatru ko varaNIya nahIM hai| usa vidhinirmita 'viSAda' ko bhUlanA hI acchA hai|

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kAvyamaNDana : maNDana vIrAH sudhIrA jahitAhitaistaiH kRtaM viSAdaM vidhinirmitaM tam / atyantapApasya phalAnubhUtirihaiva labhyeti vadanti santaH // isI sarga meM yudhiSThira kI zAntivAditA kA prativAda karane vAlI bhIma kI vIrocita uktiyA~ usake darpa tathA pracaNDatA ko vyakta karatI haiM / usakA spaSTa mata hai ki dharmarAja ne kauravoM para vizvAsa karake nItiviruddha kArya kiyA hai / hiMsaka jantu ke samAna durjana kabhI apanA svabhAva nahIM chor3a sakatA / anukUla padAvalI ne ina uktiyoM kI prabhAvazAlitA ko dUnA kara diyA hai / te durjanAH sajjanasannidhAne hiMsrA vasanto janapAvane'pi / jahatyaho naiva nijasvabhAvaM gaMgAjale natragaNA ivAmI // / 4.37 treatise sahAyametya mahAmRdhe mAM prabalAnilaM vA / dhanaMjaya dhakSyati dIptatejAH subAdhavo naH parasainyavanyAm / / 4.33 yuddha Adi kaThora prasaMgoM meM maNDana kI bhASA, yathocita vAtAvaraNa ke nirmANa ke lie, saralatA tathA sahajatA ko chor3a kara, prayatnasAdhya bana jAtI hai / usameM ojaguNa vyaMjaka cune- cuninde zabdoM kI jhar3I laga jAtI hai, vizAlakAya samAsoM kI lar3I banatI jAtI hai aura phalataH varNya dRzya pAThaka ke mAnasa cakSuoM ke sAmane mUrta ho jAtA hai / zmazAna kI bhISaNatA kA karkaza varNana pahale uddhRta kiyA jA cukA hai / svayamvara meM nirAza hokara duryodhana apane vIroM ko brAhmaNa vezadhArI arjuna para AkramaNa karane kA Adeza detA hai / isase maNDapa meM khalabalI maca jAtI hai tathA vaha sAgara kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai / isa sambhrama ke citraNa meM prayukta samAsasaMkula ojapUrNa bhASA paristhiti ke sarvathA anurUpa hai / parisphUrjatkhaDgasphuraduragasaMcAra viSamaH pariprekhatsakheTakaka maThakUTo'tiraTitaH / pratApaurvajvAlo'stamitaripuzauryoSNa kiraNaH 67 tato'bhAkSItkSobhaM prabalabalarAjanyajaladhiH // 12. 68 maNDana ne apane kAvya meM samAsabahulA bhASA kA bahuta prayoga kiyA hai / tIrthATana ke samaya vibhinna nadiyoM tathA tIrthoM ke adhiSThAtA devoM kI stuti meM bhASA kA vikaTa rUpa dikhAI detA hai / yamaka ke abAdha gumphana tathA sragdharA jaise dIrgha chandoM ke prayoga ne bhASA ko, kahIM-kahIM to, atIva durUha banA diyA hai / aSTamUrti kI stuti meM jo bhASA prayukta kI gayI hai, use sunakara bhagavAn AzutoSa kI buddhi bhI cakarA gayI hogI / tANDava ke varNana meM to vikaTa samAsAnta bhASA nRtya kI uddhatatA tathA pracaNDatA ke anukUla mAnI jAegI parantu hRdaya ke sahaja nizchala bhAvoM ko vyakta karane vAle stotroM meM yaha kSamya nahIM / spaSTataH kAvyamaNDana ke ye prasaMga prAcIna

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya zivatANDava Adi stotroM ke atizaya prabhAva ke dyotaka haiM / maNDana ne nissandeha yahA~ apane bhASA-pANDitya se pAThaka ko abhibhUta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| eka udAharaNa paryApta hogaa| vazyA'vazyAyabhUbhaduhiturahiturASAvilAsAvilAsA 'nIhAhAnIhArahAraprakarakarakojjabhakAzAbhakAzA / stutyA'stu tyAgazIlA zubhasitamasitabhrAjamAnAjamAnA nityAnityAnabhaktyA tanuratanurasaubhAgyasaubhAgyadezI // 8.61 isake viparIta kAvyamaNDana kI bhASA meM kahIM-kahIM hRdayagrAhI sahajatA tathA sumadhura nAdasaundarya vidyamAna hai / anuprAsa tathA yamaka kI kuzala yojanA se vaha aura vRddhigata ho gayA hai / dvArikAdhIza ke varNana meM bhASA kA yaha guNa dRSTigamya hotA hai| ajaramamaramAcaM vedavAcAmavedyaM saguNabhaguNamekaM naikarUpaM mahiSTham / aNutaramavidUraM cAtidUraM duranta duritacathamadantaM yogicitte vasantam // 5.4 kAvyamaNDana kI bhASA meM saralatA tathA praur3hatA kA sammizraNa hai| vaha sarvatra udAtta hai, kintu kahIM-kahIM kavi ne use adhika alaMkRta kara diyA hai, jA tatkAlIna kAvya-paripATI ko dekhate hue akSamya nahIM hai / alaMkAravidhAna kAvyamaNDana meM adhika alaMkAroM kA prayoga nahIM huA hai / yamaka ke atirikta anya kisI alaMkAra ko kAvya meM balAt ThUsane kA prayatna kavi ne nahIM kiyA hai| samUce dUsare sarga meM tathA anyatra bhI yamaka kI jAnabUjha kara vistRta yojanA kI gayI hai jisase kAvya meM, ina sthaloM para, kliSTatA A gayI hai / RtuvarNana meM yamaka ke prayoga kI paramparA kAlidAsa ke raghuvaMza taka jAtI hai| zaMkara kI stuti meM yamaka ko zraddhAlu hRdaya kI nizchala abhivyakti kA mAdhyama banAnA hAsyAspada hai| isI prasaMga ke yamaka kA eka vikaTa udAharaNa dekhiye lolollolaughanRtyajjalajalajavibhrAmarAlImarAlI, mAlAmAlAnagaMgAvilasitalasitotkaMpravAhaM pravAham / 8.65 yamaka ke atirikta anuprAsa kavi kA priya alaMkAra hai| ise bhI kAvya meM vyApaka sthAna milA hai| anuprAsa kI madhuratA tathA jhaMkRti kAvya meM manorama saundarya ko janma detI hai / bhagavAn zaMkara kI stuti ke isa padya meM antyAnuprAsa kI viveka pUrNa yojanA kI gayI hai|

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kAvyamaNDana : maNDana namo'nantarUpAya mUrcchanmahimne sudhAdhAmavadvisphuradIptibhUmne / jagatpApavidhvaMsakRdbharinAmne lasatkaNThaloThassumandAradAmne / 8.14 arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA, utprekSA, vyatireka, rUpaka, yathAsaMkhya, sahokti, svabhAvokti, arthAntaranyAsa, virodha Adi alaMkAroM kA prayoga kAvya meM huA hai| maMDana upamA kA marmajJa hai / kAvyamaNDana meM aneka hRdayagrAhI upamAe~ daSTigocara hotI haiN| varNya viSaya ke spaSTIkaraNa ke liye kavi ne mUrta tathA amUrta donoM prakAra ke upamAnoM ko grahaNa kiyA hai / nimnokta padya meM yAjJasenI kI tulanA amUrta kuNDalinI zakti se tathA pAMca pANDavoM kI pAMca jJAnendriyoM se kI gayI hai| taiH paMcabhirbhata bhirAyatAkSI sA yAjJasenI sutarAM vireje| buddhIndriyairvamaNi visphuradbhiH samanvitA kuNDalinIva zaktiH // 13.44. kAvyamaNDana meM anUThI svabhAvoktiyAM milatI haiM, jo kavi kI nirIkSaNa zakti tathA vyApaka anubhava kI pratIka haiM / ina svabhAvoktiyoM meM kavi kA saccA kavitva prakaTa huA hai / hemanta meM, U~ce macAna para baiTha kara tathA gopiye (bhiNDimAla) se pakSiyoM ko ur3Akara khetoM kI rakhavAlI karane vAle kisAnoM kA yaha varNana kitanA svAbhAvika hai| isa zabdacitra meM grAmya jIvana kA ukta dRzya sAkAra ho uThA hai| yatra kSetrasurakSaNakSaNamabhUttuMgATTamAruhya ta tsatkautUhalavankRSIvalakulaM kolAhalavyAkulam / udbhrAmyadbhujabhiNDimAlavigalaccaNDopalaprasphuTa tsUtraprAntaparitrasatkhagagaNavyagrAgrahastadvayam // 3.14. kRSNa, kRSNA tathA kurunandana kA kramazaH 'snehArdrabhAvA', 'ghanarAgapUrNA' tathA 'roSAruNA' se sambandha hone ke kAraNa, nimnokta padya meM yathAsaMkhya alaMkAra hai| kRSNe'dhikRSNaM kurunandane ca pANDoH sutAnAM smmaaptntii| snehA bhAvA ghanarAgapUrNA roSAruNA ca prababhUva dRSTiH // 12.6 kAvyamaNDana meM anekatra vividha alaMkAroM kA saMkara dikhAI detA hai| prastuta padya meM vyatireka tathA yathAsaMkhya mila kara saMkara kI sRSTi karate haiM / dhanuSmatAmAjimukhe'gragatvAnnijecchayA mRtyuvazaMvadatvAt / jitendriyatvAcca jigAya yo'pi rAmaM yamaM kAmamavAryavIryam // 1.6. maNDana ne bhAvAbhivyakti ko samartha banAne ke liye kAvya meM katipaya anya alaMkAroM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| chandayojanA chandoM ke prayoga meM maNDana ne pUrNa svachandatA se kAma liyA hai| pratyeka sarga meM eka chaMda kI pradhAnatA kA zAstrIya bandhana use sadaiva mAnya nahIM hai| isIliye

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya kAvyamaNDana ke teraha meM se ATha sargoM meM nAnA chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| tIsare AThaveM, dasaveM, gyArahaveM, bArahaveM tathA terahaveM sarga meM kramazaH gyAraha, pandraha, dasa, gyAraha, gyAraha tathA bAraha chanda prayukta hue haiM / pAMcaveM tathA chaThe sarga donoM meM nau-nau chandoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai / tatIya sarga meM jina gyAraha chandoM kI yojanA huI hai, unake nAma isa prakAra haiM-vasantatilakA, zArdUlavikrIDita, sragdharA, indravajrA, zAlinI, drutavilambita, zikhariNI, anuSTup, upajAti, hariNI tathA vaMzastha / ina chandoM kI apekSA pAMcaveM sarga meM mAlinI, chaThe meM upendravajrA, AThaveM meM bhujaMgaprayAta, rathoddhatA, mandAkrAntA, maMjubhASiNI, tathA svAgatA, dasaveM meM pRthvI tathA puSpitAgrA, bArahaveM meM sragviNI, aura terahaveM meM eka ajJAta viSama chanda (1-ta ta ja ja, 2-ra bha ra, 3-ta ta ja ga ga, 4-ja ta ja ga ga) ke atirikta prahaSiNI naye chaMda haiM / gyArahaveM sarga meM koI nayA chanda nahIM hai / zeSa pAMca sargoM meM se prathama sarga kI racanA meM mukhyata: upajAti kA Azraya liyA gayA hai / prathama do tathA antima padya kamazaH sragdharA, mAlinI tathA zArdUlavikrIDita meM haiN| dvitIya sarga meM drutavilambita kA prAdhAnya hai| sargAnta ke padyoM meM zArdUlavikrIDita kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| caturtha sarga meM upajAti, anuSTup sragdharA, vasantatilakA tathA drutavilambita, ye pAMca chanda prayukta hue haiM / saptama sarga meM vasantalikA ko apanAyA gayA hai| sarga ke anta meM zikhariNI, zArdUlavikrIDita tathA praharSiNI ko sthAna milA hai| navama sarga mukhyataH rathoddhatA meM racita hai / sargAnta ke tIna padya anuSTup tathA zArdUlavikrIDita meM haiM / saba milA kara kAvyamaNDana meM ukta ajJAta viSama chanda ke atirikta bAIsa chanda prayukta hue haiM / samAja-citraNa kAvyamaNDana ke sImita pariveza meM yugajIvana kA vyApaka citraNa to sambhava nahIM thA kintu usameM kucha tatkAlIna mAnyatAoM tathA vizvAsoM kI praticchAyA dikhAI detI hai / bhArata meM zubhAzubha muhUrta ke vicAra kI paramparA ati prAcIna hai| Ajakala kI bhAMti maNDana ke samakAlIna samAja meM bhI pratyeka kArya mUhUrta kI anukUlatA-pratikUlatA kA vicAra karake kiyA jAtA thaa| isake liye samAja ko jyotirvidoM kA mArgadarzana prApta thA / drupadarAja ne apanI putrI ke svayamvara kA Ayojana, jyotiSiyoM dvArA nizcita kiye gaye mUhUrta meM hI kiyA thaa| zakunoM kI phalavattA para vizvAsa kA itihAsa bhI bahuta purAnA hai| maNDanaH kAlIna samAja meM nAnA prakAra ke zakuna pracalita the tathA unake phalIbhUta hone meM logoM kI dRDha AsthA thii| chIMka tatkAla mRtyu kI sUcaka mAnI jAtI thii| kuladevI 37. vahI, 10.47. 38. kSutamathakSaNamRtyudAyi / vahI, 7.28

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kAvyamaNDana : maNDana 71 ke mandira meM praveza karate samaya danujarAja kirmIra ko chIMka AI thI jisake phalasvarUpa bhIma ne use gadA se cUra-cUra kara diyA" / Ajakala kI bhAMti usa samaya bhI gIdar3a, ullU Adi kA zabda vipattijanaka mAnA jAtA thaa| kRSNamRga kA bAIM ora se gujaranA, gIdar3a kI pheMkAra, ullU kA dAIM ora zabda karanA bhayAvaha thaa| sUrya ke pariveza kA prakaTa honA bhI azubha thaa| vana se lauTate samaya bhIma ke samakSa ye sabhI apazakuna upasthita hue the, jo usake bhAiyoM kI vipatti ke pUrvasUcaka the| samAja meM eka anya vizvAsa yaha thA ki cArapAI para marane vAle vyakti kI mukti nahIM hotii| pavitra nadI meM snAna mokSadAyaka mAnA jAtA thA / " ____ kAvya meM vadhya puruSa kI bhUSA ke varNana se saMketa milatA haiM ki tatkAlIna samAja meM prANadaNDa kA pracalana thaa| daNDita puruSa ko lAla mAlA pahanA kara aura sindUra se usakA sira raMga kara vadhya sthala para le jAyA jAtA thaa| vaha maha jhukA kara calatA thA aura darzaka unakI khillI ur3AyA karate the| prANadaNDa kA dUsarA dhruva AtmahatyA hai / AtmahatyA uddezya meM asaphala hokara athavA jIvana se nirAza hokara kI jAtI thI / bhIma apane bhAiyoM ko khojane meM asaphala hokara tathA kuntI apane putroM ke sambhAvita vadha ke duHkha ko na saha sakane ke kAraNa citA meM jala kara marane ko taiyAra ho gaye the| giripatana tathA prayAga meM zarIra-dAha AtmahatyA ke anya prakAra the / kabhI-kabhI abhISTa artha kI prApti ke liye bhI loga AtmahatyA kara lete the / svayamvara meM upasthita katipaya rAjA draupadI ke liye prANa dene ko udyata the| abhISTa siddhi ke liye yajJa-homa tathA iSTa deva kI ArAdhanA kI jAtI thii| atharvaveda ke mantroM se yajJa karane tathA mahAbhicAra homa kA kAvya meM ullekha huA hai| varNAzrama praNAlI bhAratIya samAja-vyavasthA kI nijI vizeSatA hai, kiMtu jaina kaviyoM meM isa kA samarthana karane vAlA kadAcita maNDana hI ekamAtra kavi hai| lAkSAgRha meM pANDavoM ke sambhAvita dahana para vilApa karate hue prajAjana cintita the 36. tamavadhItikarmIramambAsuram / vahI, 7.38 40. vahI, 6.32-34 41. maMcakamRto'pi pAtako mucyate / vahI, 8.22 42. galaraktamAlAH / sindUrazoNitazirasastrapayA natAsyA, hAsyAzrayAH parivRtAH puralokasaMdhaiH // vahI, 7.3. 43. vahI, 6.36, 7.21-22 44. vahI, 11. 17-18

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya haiM ki aba varNAzrama vyavasthA kA kauna pAlana karegA ? dharma jaina dharma kA anuyAyI hotA huA bhI kAvyamaNDana kA lekhaka sAmpradAyika kadAgraha tathA saMkIrNatA se mukta samanvayavAdI vyakti thA / kAvya meM bhAgavata dharma tathA zaiva mata kA manoyogapUrvaka pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / kathAnaka ke parokSa sUtradhAra kRSNa vAsudeva ke svarUpa kA varNana to apratyAzita nahIM thA kintu jisa tanmayatA, niSThA tathA zraddhA se kavi ne bhagavAn zaMkara kI vistRta stuti kI hai, vaha zaiva dharma ke prati usake nizcita pakSapAta kI paricAyaka hai| pANDavoM kI tIrthayAtrA ke sandarbha meM purANa-prasiddha nadiyoM tathA bhagavAn ziva kA paurANika zailI kintu alaMkata bhASA meM varNana eka ora maNDana kI dhArmika udAratA ko vyakta karatA hai aura dUsarI ora use prAcIna stotrakAroM kI paMkti meM pratiSThita karatA hai| bhAgavata mata ke anurUpa zrIkRSNa ko mitroM ke rakSaka tathA bhaktavatsala ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| ve pANDavoM ke abhinna mitra, pathapradarzaka tathA sahAyaka haiN| kRSNa dIno tathA anAthoM ke uddhAraka haiM / ve niyamita rUpa se apane bhaktoM kI hara vipatti kA nivAraNa karate haiM / vAstava meM unake bhaktoM kA koI bAla bhI bAMkA nahIM kara sktaa| / vAsudeva bhUta, vartamAna tathA bhaviSya, tInoM kAloM ke jJAtA haiN|48 unakI bhakti se nirvighna siddhi prApta hotI hai| ve vastuta: 'bhagavAn' haiM / 5deg unakI maitrI meM choTe-bar3e kA viveka nahIM hai / usameM bhakta aura bhagavAn eka haiM / isa tAdAtmya ke kAraNa hI ve pAMDavoM se milane ke liye unake AvAsa para jAte haiN| vAsudeva ke bhAgavata dharma-sammata rUpa ke atirikta kAvyakAra ne unake svarUpa kA upaniSadoM kI virodhAbhAsAtmaka zailI meM bhI varNana kiyA hai / usake anusAra ve Adi deva tathA ajara-amara haiM / ve saguNa bhI haiM, nirguNa bhii| eka hote hue bhI unake nAnA rUpa haiM, ve mahAn bhI haiM, sUkSma bhI / nikaTavartI hote hue bhI ve dUravartI haiM / unake vAstavika svarUpa ko veda ke dvArA bhI nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| vibhinna tIrthoM ke adhiSThAtA deva ke rUpa meM, zaMkara ke sarvezvara, aSTamUrti, jaTAma Adi vividha rUpoM kA jo bhaktipUrNa vistRta varNana kAvya meM huA hai, usameM bhagavAn zaMkara ke do pakSa ubhara kara Ae haiM, jinheM kramaza: unakA paurANika tathA 45. varNAzramAnkaH khalu pAlayiSyatyalaM ca SaSThAMzaharaH sudharmA / vahI, 4.17 46. anAthadInoddharaNena / vahI, 4.21 47. vahI, 10.41 48-50. kramazaH vahI, 13.38, 12.4,13.34 51. tulanA kIjie-IzAvAsyopaniSad, 4-5.

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kAvyamaNDana : maNDana 73 aupaniSadika svarUpa kahA jA sakatA hai / paurANika rUpa meM ve jagat kI utpatti, rakSA tathA saMhAra ke kAraNa haiN| ve nitya haiN| unakA na Adi hai, na anta / ve bhukti tathA mukti ke dAtA haiN| unakI pUjA mukhya devatA ke rUpa meM kI jAtI thii| pITha ke madhya meM sthApita zaMkara ke cAroM ora gaNeza, grahapati, girijA tathA kRSNa kI sthApanA, gauNa devoM ke rUpa meM kI jAtI thI / 52 hRdaya se kI gayI zaMkara kI bhakti se abhISTa kI prApti hotI hai / 52 aghorapaMcAkSarI mantrarAja se unakI stuti mokSadAyaka mAnI gayI hai / 54 unake anya paurANika tattvoM meM caMdrakalA, bhasma, gaMgA, jaTAjUTa, pracaMDa aTTahAsa, andhakavadha, trizUla, paMcavaktra, yajJadhvaMsa madanadAha. tANDava Adi kA bhI kAvya meM ullekha AyA hai (8.11-16) / unake tANDava kA to kavi ne atyanta hRdayagrAhI varNana kiyA hai| caMcaccandrakalaM calatphaNigaNaM balAbRhatkuNDala __ kSubhyanmUrvadhunImahomipaTalIprakSAlitAnAntaram / vellatkRttiraNakapAlavalayaM prekhajjaTAntaM muhu gaurIharSakaraM ciraM purariponatyaM zivaM pAtu vaH // 8.43 dUsare rUpa meM zaMkara kA svarUpa upaniSadoM ke brahma ke samAna hai| brahma kI bhA~ti unheM 'akSara' kahA gayA hai| vAstava meM ve parabrahma haiM / zaMkara hI upaniSadoM meM brahma nAma se khyAta haiM / unheM U~kAra tathA oMkAra padoM se hI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai / veda tathA upaniSad unake svarUpa ke jJAna ke mAdhyama haiM / 56 paurANika nadiyoM meM gaMgA ke prati kavi kI vizeSa zraddhA hai / kAvya meM gaMgA kA niSThApUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai, jo yuga-yugoM meM usake gaurava kA sUcaka hai| caladvIcIhastabahalatamapaMkAvilatanuM janaM mAtA bAlaM sutamiva dyaadhiinhRdyaa| tvadutsaMge gaMge viluThitaparaM pApadamanaH sudhAzubhra prakSAlayati bhavatI nirmljlaiH|| 5.30. kAvyamaNDana maNDana kI kAvyapratibhA kA kIrtistambha hai| usane eka jainetara 52. kAvyamaNDana, 6.16 53. hadi dadhe rUpaM paraM zAMkaram / vahI, 5.18 ____ dhArmikA dhUrjaTau vidadhate mano dRDham / vahI, 6.22 54. vahI, 8.15 55. UMkAramoMkArapadaikagamyaM tamakSaraM mokSarasarSicintyam / ___ vandAmahe copaniSatsugItaM brahmati yaM prAhuramI munIndrAH // vahI, 8.36 56. vedavedAntavedyAya / vahI, 8.13.

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74 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya kathAnaka ko lekara use usake mUla pariveza tathA vAtAvaraNa meM prastuta kiyA hai| maNDana ne alaMkaraNa-pradhAna samavartI mahAkAvya-zailI kA AtmasAt karake apanI suruci se use saMyama ke vRtta meM rakhA hai| usane kucha sthaloM para vikaTa samAsAnta zailI meM apane kauzala kA manoyogapUrvaka prakAzana kiyA hai, kiMtu saba milA kara usakA kAvya adhika alaMkRta nahIM hai|

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3. neminAthamahAkAvya : kIrtirAja upAdhyAya kavicakravartI kIrttirAja upAdhyAya kRta neminAthamahAkAvya' meM jinezvara neminAtha kA preraka caritra, mahAkAvyocita vistAra ke sAtha nibaddha hai / kIrtirAja kAlidAsa ke pazcAdvartI una ine-gine kaviyoM meM haiM, jinhoMne mAgha, zrIharSa Adi kI kRtrima zailI ke ekachatra zAsana se mukta hokara, surucipUrNa kAvya-mArga grahaNa kiyA hai / neminAthamahAkAvya meM bhAvapakSa tathA kalApakSa kA jo kAmya santulana hai, vaha tatkAlIna kaviyoM kI racanAoM meM kama milatA hai / pANDitya pradarzana ke usa yuga meM neminAthamahAkAvya jaisI prAMjala kRti kI racanA karanA kIrtirAja kI bahuta bar3I upalabdhi hai, yadyapi vaha bhI vidvattA - pradarzana kI pravRtti se pUrNatayA aspRSTa nahIM hai / neminAtha kAvya kA mahAkAvyatva prAcIna AlaMkArikoM ne mahAkAvya ke jo mAnadaNDa nizcita kiye haiM, neminAthakAvya meM unakA manoyogapUrvaka pAlana kiyA gayA hai| zAstrIya niyama ke anusAra mahAkAvya meM zrRMgAra, vIra tathA zAnta meM se kisI eka rasa kI pradhAnatA apekSita hai / neminAthamahAkAvya ke uddezya tathA vAtAvaraNa ke pariprekSya meM zAnta rasa ko isakA aMgIrasa mAnA jAegA, yadyapi kAvya meM isakI aMgI rasocita tIvra vyaMjanA nahIM huI hai / karuNa, zrRMgAra, raudra, vIra Adi kA gauNa rUpa meM yathocita paripAka huA hai / kSatriya kula prasUta devatulya neminAtha isake dhIra prazAnta nAyaka haiM / isakI racanA dharma tathA mokSa kI prApti ke udAtta uddezya se prerita hai / dharma kA abhiprAya yahAM naitika utthAna tathA mokSa kA tAtparya AmuSmika abhyudaya hai / viSayoM tathA anya sAMsArika AkarSaNoM ko tRNavat tyAga kara mAnava ko parama pada kI ora unmukha karanA isakI racanA kA preraNA - bindu hai / neminAthamahAkAvya kA kathAnaka nemiprabhu ke lokavikhyAta carita para Azrita hai / isakA AdhAra mukhyataH triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita Adi jaina purANa haiM, yadyapi prAkRta tathA apabhraMza ke aneka kavi bhI ise apane kAvyoM kA viSaya banA cuke the| isake saMkSipta kathAnaka meM pA~coM sandhiyoM kA nirvAha huA hai / prathama sarga meM zivAdevI ke garbha se jinezvara ke avatarita hone meM mukha sandhi hai / isameM kAvya ke phalAgama kA bIja nihita hai tathA 1. sampAdaka : DaoN0 satyavrata, abhaya jaina granthamAlA, granthAMka 32, bIkAnera, 1675.

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76 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya usake prati pAThaka kI utsukatA jAgrata hotI hai / dvitIya sarga meM svapna-darzana se lekara tRtIya sarga meM putrajanma taka pratimukha sandhi svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki mukhasandhi meM jisa kathAbIja kA vapana huA thA, vaha yahA~ alakSya rahakara putrajanma se lakSya ho jAtA hai| caturtha se aSTama sarga taka garbhasandhi mAnI jA sakatI hai / sUtikarma, snAtrotsava tathA janmAbhiSeka meM phalAgama kAvya ke garbha meM gupta rahatA hai| naveM se gyArahaveM sarga taka, eka ora, neminAtha ke vivAha-prastAva svIkAra karane se mukhya phala kI prApti meM bAdhA AtI hotI hai, kintu, dUsarI ora, vadhUgRha meM vadhya pazuoM kA karuNa-krandana sunakara unake nirvedagrasta hone tathA dIkSA grahaNa karane se phala prApti nizcita ho jAtI hai| yahA~ vimarza sandhi hai| gyArahaveM sarga ke anta meM nemi ke kevalajJAna tathA bArahaveM sarga meM unakI zivatva-prApti ke varNana meM nirbahaNa sandhi vidyamAna hai| mahAkAvya-paripATI ke anusAra neminAtha-mahAkAvya meM nagara, parvata, vana, dUta-preSaNa, sainya-prayANa, yuddha (pratIkAtmaka), putrajanma, SaD Rtu Adi ke vistRta varNana pAye jAte haiM, jo isameM jIvana ke vibhinna pakSoM kI abhivyakti tathA rocakatA saMkrAnta karate haiN| isakA Arambha namaskArAtmaka maMgalAcaraNa se huA hai, jisameM svayaM kAvyanAyaka neminAtha kI caraNavandanA kI gayI hai| isakI bhASA meM mahAkAvyocita bhavyatA tathA zailI meM apekSita udAttatA hai| antima sarga ke eka aMza meM citrakAvya kI yojanA karake kavi ne camatkRti utpanna karane tathA apanA bhASAdhikAra pradarzita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| kAvya ke Arambha meM sajjana-prazaMsA, khalanindA tathA nagaravarNana kI rUr3hiyoM kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai| chandaprayoga-sambandhI paramparAgata bandhana kavi ko sadA svIkArya nhiiN| isa prakAra neminAthakAvya meM mahAkAvya ke sabhI anivArya sthUla tattva vidyamAna haiM, jo isakI saphalatA ke nizcita pramANa haiN| neminAthamahAkAvya kI zAstrIyatA neminAthamahAkAvya paurANika kRti hai athavA isakI gaNanA zAstrIya mahAkAvyoM meM kI jAnI cAhie, isakA nizcita nirNaya karanA kaThina hai| isameM paurANika tattvoM tathA zAstrIya mahAkAvya ke guNoM kA vicitra gaThabandhana hai / neminAthakAvya kA kathAnaka zuddhataH paurANika hai| paurANika mahAkAvyoM kI bhA~ti isakA Arambha jambUdvIpa tathA usake antarvartI bhArata deza ke varNana se kiyA gayA hai| zivAdevI ke garbha meM jinezvara kA avataraNa hotA hai jisake phalasvarUpa use bhAvI tIrthaMkara ke janma ke sUcaka caudaha paramparAgata svapna dikhAI dete haiM / dikkumAriyA~ navajAta zizu kA sUtikarma karatI haiN| devarAja indra mAtA zivA ko avasvApinI vidyA se sulAkara zizu ko snAtrotsava ke lie meru parvata para le jAtA

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neminAtha mahAkAvya : kIrtirAja upAdhyAya hai, jahA~ paurANika rIti se usakA abhiSeka sampanna hotA hai / kAvya-nAyaka ke dIkSApUrva abhiSeka kA bhI anuSThAna indra dvArA kiyA jAtA hai / kAvya meM samAviSTa jinezvara ke do stotra tathA prazasti gAna bhI isakI paurANikatA ko iMgita karate haiN| paurANika mahAkAvyoM kI paripATI ke anusAra isameM nArI ko jIvana-patha kI bAdhA mAnA gayA hai tathA isakA paryavasAna zAnta rasa meM hotA hai / kAvyanAyaka dIkSita hokara kevalajJAna aura antataH zivatva prApta karate haiM / unakI dezanA kA samAveza bhI kAvya meM kiyA gayA hai| surasaMgha dvArA samavasaraNa kI racanA, devAMganAoM ke nRtya - gAna, puSpavRSTi Adi purANa-sulabha tattvoM kA bhI isameM abhAva nahIM hai / ina paurANika vizeSatAoM ke vidyamAna hone para bhI neminAthakAvya ko paurANika mahAkAvya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / isameM zAstrIya mahAkAvya ke lakSaNa itane spaSTa tathA pracura haiM ki isakI paurANikatA unake sindhu-pravAha meM pUrNatayA majjita ho jAtI hai / varNya vastu tathA abhivyaMjanA-zailI meM vaiSamya, jo hAsakAlIna saMskRta mahAkAvya kI mukhya vizeSatA hai, neminAthamahAkAvya meM bharapUra vidyamAna hai / zAstrIya mahAkAvyoM kI bhA~ti isameM vastu vyApAra ke vividha varNanoM kI vistRta yojanA kI gayI hai / vastutaH kAvya meM inhIM kA prAdhAnya hai aura inhIM ke mAdhyama kavi-pratibhA kI abhivyakti huI haiM / isakI bhASA-zailIgata proDhatA tathA garimA aura citrakAvya ke dvArA racanA - kauzala ke pradarzana kI pravRtti isakI zAstrIyatA kA nirbhrAnta udghoSa hai / inake atirikta alaMkAroM kA bhAvapUrNa vidhAna, kAvya - rUr3hiyoM art frSThApUrvaka viniyoga, tIvra rasavyaMjanA, sumadhura chandoM kA prayoga, prakRti tathA mAnava-saundarya kA hRdayagrAhI citraNa Adi zAstrIya kAvyoM kI aisI vizeSatAe~ isa kAvya meM haiM ki isakI zAstrIyatA meM sandeha nahIM raha jAtA / ataH isakA vivecana zAstrIya mahAkAvyoM ke antargata kiyA jA rahA hai / 77 kavi paricaya tathA racanAkAla adhikAMza jaina kAvyoM kI racanA-paddhati ke viparIta neminAthamahAkAvya meM prAnta - prazasti kA abhAva hai / kAvya meM bhI kIrtirAja ke jIvana athavA sthitikAla AAT koI saMketa nahIM milatA / anya aitihAsika lekhoM ke AdhAra para unake jIvanavRtta kA punanirmANa karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| unake anusAra kIrtirAja apane samaya ke prakhyAta tathA prabhAvazAlI kharataragacchIya AcArya the / ve saMkhavAla gotrIya zAha kocara ke vaMzaja dIpA ke kaniSTha putra 1 unakA janma samvat 1446 meM dIpA kI patnI devalade kI kukSi se huA thA / unakA janma kA nAma delhAkuMvara thA / delhAkuMvara ne caudaha varSa kI alpAvasthA meM, samvat 1463 kI ASAr3ha kRSNA ekA - dazI ko, AcArya jinavardhanasUri se dIkSA grahaNa kii| AcArya ne navadIkSita kumAra

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya kA nAma kItirAja rkhaa| kItirAja ke sAhitya-guru bhI jinavarddhanasUri hI the / unakI pratibhA tathA vidvattA se prabhAvita hokara jinavarddhanasUri ne unheM samvat 1470 meM vAcanAcArya pada para aura dasa varSa pazcAt jinabhadrasUri ne unheM, mehave meM, upAdhyAya pada para pratiSThita kiyaa| pUrva-dezoM kA vihAra karate samaya jaba kItirAja kA jaisalamera meM Agamana huA to gacchanAyaka jinabhadrasUri ne unheM samvat 1467 meM AcArya pada pradAna kiyaa| tatpazcAt ve kotiratnasUri nAma se prakhyAta hue| unhoMne paccIsa dina kI anazana-ArAdhanA ke pazcAt samvat 1525 meM, 76 varSa kI praur3hAvasthA meM, vIramapura meM dehotsarga kiyaa| saMgha ne vahA~ eka stUpa kA nirmANa karAyA, jo aba bhI vidyamAna hai| jayakItti tathA abhayavilAsakRta gItoM se jJAta hotA hai ki samvat 1876 meM gar3Ale (bIkAnera kA samIpavartI grAma nAla) meM unakA prAsAda banavAyA gayA thaa| neminAtha kAvya ke atirikta unake katipaya stavanAdi bhI upalabdha haiN| neminAthamahAkAvya upAdhyAya kItirAja kI racanA hai| kItirAja ko upAdhyAya pada samvat 1480 meM prApta huA thA aura maM0 1467 meM ve AcArya pada para AsIna hokara kItiratna sUri bana cuke the| neminAthakAvya spaSTataH saM0 1480 tathA 1467 ke madhya likhA gayA hogaa| samvat 1465 meM likhita isakI prAcInatama prati ke AdhAra para neminAthakAvya ko ukta samvat kI racanA mAnane kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| yaha hastaprati kAvya kA prathama Adarza pratIta hotA hai, ataH ukta kalpanA tathya ke bahuta nikaTa hai| kathAnaka neminAthamahAkAvya ke bAraha sargoM meM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA jIvana-carita nibaddha karane kA upakrama hai| kavi ne jisa pariveza meM jina-carita prastuta kiyA hai, usameM usakI katipaya pramukha ghaTanAoM kA hI nirUpaNa ho sakA hai| prathama sarga meM yAdavarAja samudravijaya kI patnI zivAdevI ke garbha meM jinezvara ke avataraNa kA varNana hai / alaMkAroM kI vivekapUrNa yojanA tathA vimbavaividhya ke dvArA kavi rAjadhAnI sUryapura tathA samudravijaya ke vividha guNoM kA rocaka kavitvapUrNa citra aMkita kara meM saphala huA hai / dvitIya sarga meM zivadevI paramparAgata caudaha svapna dekhatI hai| samudravijaya svapnaphala batalAte haiM ki ina svapnoM ke darzana se tumheM pratApI putra prApta hogA, jo apane bhujabala se cAroM dizAoM ko jItakara caudaha bhavanoM kA adhi 2. vistRta paricaya ke lie dekhiye-sarvazrI agaracanda nAhaTA tathA bhaMvaralAla _ nAhaTA dvArA saMpAdita 'aitihAsika jaina kAvya-saMgraha', pa0 36-40. 3. jinaratnakoza, vibhAga, 150 217.

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neminAthamahAkAvya : kItirAja upAdhyAya pati bnegaa| prabhAta varNana nAmaka isa sarga ke zeSAMza meM prabhAta kA mArmika varNana hai / tRtIya sarga meM jyotiSI ukta svapnaphala kI puSTi karate haiN| samaya para zivA ne eka tejasvI putra ko janma diyaa| caturtha sarga meM dikkumAriyAM navajAta zizu kA sUtikarma karatI haiM / paMcama sarga meM indra zizu ko janmAbhiSeka ke lie meru parvata para le jAtA hai / isa prasaMga meM meru kA praur3ha varNana kiyA gayA hai| chaThe sarga meM zizu ke snAtrotsava kA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai| sAtaveM sarga meM ceTiyoM se putra-janma kA samAcAra pAkara samudravijaya Anandavibhora ho jAtA hai| zizu kA nAma ariSTanemi rakhA gyaa| AThaveM sarga meM ariSTanemi ke zArIrika saundarya evaM zaktimattA kA tathA paramparAgata chaha RtuoM kA hRdayagrAhI varNana hai / eka dina neminAtha ne pAMcajanya ko kautukavaza isa vega se phUkA ki tInoM loka bhaya se kampita ho gaye / naveM sarga meM neminAtha ke mAtApitA ke Agraha se zrIkRSNa kI patniyAM nAnA yuktiyAM dekara unheM vaivAhika jIvana meM pravRtta karane kA prayAsa karatI haiM / mokSa kA lakSya sukha-prApti hai, kintu yadi vaha viSayoM ke bhoga se hI mila jAye, to kaSTadAyaka tapa kI kyA AvazyakatA ? neminAtha unakI yuktiyoM kA dRDhatApUrvaka khaNDana karate haiM / unake lie mokSa-janya Ananda tathA viSaya-sukha meM utanA hI antara hai jitanA gAya tathA snuhI ke dUdha meM / kintu mAtApitA ke atyadhika Agraha se ve, kevala unakI icchApUrti ke lie, gArhasthya jIvana meM praveza karanA svIkAra kara lete haiN| ugrasena kI lAvaNyavatI putrI rAjImatI ke sAtha unakA vivAha nizcita hotA hai / dazaveM sarga meM neminAtha vadhUgRha ko prasthAna karate haiM / yahIM unheM dekhane ko lAlAyita purasundariyoM ke sambhrama tathA tajjanya ceSTAoM kA rocaka varNana hai| vadhUgRha meM bArAta ke bhojana ke lie baMdhe hue, maraNAsanna nirIha pazuoM kA cItkAra sunakara, unheM AtmaglAni hotI hai, aura ve vivAha ko bIca meM hI chor3akara dIkSA grahaNa kara lete haiN| gyArahaveM sarga ke pUrvArddha meM apratyAzita pratyAkhyAna se apamAnita rAjImatI kA karuNa vilApa hai / moha-saMyama-yuddha-varNana nAmaka isa sarga ke uttarArddha me moha aura saMyama ke pratIkAtmaka yuddha kA atIva rocaka varNana hai / parAjita hokara moha neminAtha ke hRdaya-durga ko chor3a detA hai jisase unheM kevalajJAna kI prApti hotI hai| bArahaveM sarga meM zrIkRSNa Adi yAdava kevalajJAnI prabhu kI vandanA ke liye ujjayanta parvata para jAte haiN| jinezvara kI dezanA ke prabhAva se unameM se kucha dIkSA grahaNa karate haiM aura kucha zrAvaka dharma svIkAra karate haiN| jinendra rAjImatI ko caritra-ratha para baiThAkara mokSapurI bheja dete haiM aura kucha samaya pazcAt apanI prANapriyA se milane ke lie svayaM bhI parama pada ko prasthAna karate haiN| kathAnaka ke nirvAha kI dRSTi se neminAthamahAkAvya ko nirdoSa nahIM kahA jA sakatA / kItirAja kA kathAnaka atyalpa hai, kintu kavi ne use vividha vastu-varNanoM,

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya se mAMsala banAkara bAraha sargoM kA rUpa de diyA hai / yaha vistAra mahAkAvya kI kalevara-pUrti ke liye bhale hI upayukta ho, isase kathApravAha kI sahajatA naSTa ho gayI hai / samUcA kAvya sUryapura, prabhAta, janmAbhiSeka, meru, SaDRtu, paura nAriyoM kI ceSTAoM, pratIkAtmaka yuddha, vana Adi kI lambI zrRMkhalA hai| ina setuoM se TakarAtI huI kathAvastu kI dhArA ruka-ruka kara manda gati se Age bar3hatI hai| kathAnaka kI gatyAtmakatA kA anumAna isI se kiyA jA sakatA hai ki tRtIya sarga meM hue putra-janma kI sUcanA samudravijaya ko, sAtaveM sarga meM milatI hai| madhyavartI tIna sarga zizu ke sUtikarma, snAtrotsava Adi ke varNanoM para khapA die gae haiN| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se yahAM yaha jAnanA rocaka hogA ki raghuvaMza meM, dvitIya sarga meM janma lekara raghu, caturtha sarga meM, digvijaya se lauTa bhI AtA hai / kAvya ke adhikAMza kA mUla kathAvastu ke sAtha sUkSma sambandha hai / isalie kAvya kA kathAnaka laMgar3AtA huA hI calatA hai / kintu yaha smaraNIya hai ki tatkAlIna mahAkAvya-paripATI hI aisI thI ki mUlakathA ke saphala viniyoga kI apekSA viSayAntaroM ko pallavita karane meM hI kAvyakalA kI sArthakatA mAnI jAtI thI / ataH kItirAja ko isakA sArA doSa denA nyAyya nhiiN| vastutaH, unhoMne ina varNanoM ko apanI bahuzrutatA kA krIDAMgana na banAkara tatkAlIna kAvyarUDhi ke lauhapAza se bacane kA zlAghya prayatna kiyA hai / neminAthamahAkAvya ke AdhArasrota nemicarita kA AdhArabhUta prAcInatama Apta grantha uttarAdhyayanamUtra' hai / isameM nirUpita nemicarita meM rathanemi tathA rAjImatI ke prasaMga kI pradhAnatA hai jisase neminAtha ke jIvana kI katipaya pramukha rekhAe~ hI prasphuTita ho sakI haiM / uttarAdhyayana ke atirikta jaina sAhitya meM nemiprabhu ke jIvanavRtta ke tIna mukhya srota haiM-jinasena prathama kA harivaMza purANa (783 I0), guNabhadra kA uttarapurANa (867 I0) tathA hemacandra kA triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita (bArahavIM zatAbdI) / ina upajIvya granthoM meM nemicarita kI pramukha rekhAoM ke AdhAra para, bhinna-bhinna zailI meM, unake jIvanacitra kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai / harivaMza meM yaha prakaraNa bahuta vistRta hai| jinasena ne nau vizAla sargoM meM jitendra ke sampUrNa carita kA manoyogapUrvaka nirUpaNa kiyA hai| kavi kI dhIra-gambhIra zailI, alaMkRta evaM praur3ha bhASA tathA samartha kalpanA ke kAraNa yaha paurANika prasaMga mahAkAvya kA AbhAsa detA hai aura usakI bhA~ti tIvra rasavattA kA AsvAdana karAtA hai / uttarapurANa meM nemicarita kA sarasarA-sA varNana hai / jisa prakAra guNabhadra ne usakA pratipAdana kiyA hai, usase neminAtha kA vivAha aura pravrajyA, 4. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, 1967, 22.1-46

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neminAthamahAkAvya : kItirAja upAdhyAya 81 zrIkRSNa ke kapaTapUrNa SaDyantra ke pariNAma pratIta hote haiM / mAdhava nemi se apanA rAjya surakSita rakhane ke lie pahale vivAha dvArA unakA teja jarjara karane kA prayatna karate haiM aura phira vadhya pazuoM ke hRdayadrAvaka cItkAra se unake vairAgya ko dIpta kara unheM saMsAra se virakta kara dete haiM (71 / 143-144, 153-168) / triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita meM nemicarita ko sampUrNa AThaveM parva kA viSaya banAne kA upakrama kiyA gayA hai kintu usakA adhikAMza zrIkRSNa tathA unake abhinna sakhA pANDavoM ke itivRta ne har3apa liyA hai jisake phalasvarUpa mUla kathAnaka do sargoM (1,6) meM simaTa kara raha gayA hai aura yaha parva triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita kA harivaMza bana gayA hai| nemiprabhu ke carita ke AdhAra para jaina-saMskRta-sAhitya meM do mahAkAvyoM kI racanA huI hai| kItirAja ke prastuta kAvya ke atirikta vAgbhaTa kA neminirvANa (12 vIM zatAbdI) isa viSaya para AdhArita eka anya mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| donoM kAvyoM meM pramukha ghaTanAe~ samAna haiM, kintu unake prastutIkaraNa tathA alaMkaraNa meM bahuta antara hai / vAgbhaTa ne kathAvastu ke svarUpa aura pallavana meM bahudhA harivaMzapurANa kA anugamana kiyA hai / neminirvANa meM varNita jina-janma se pUrva samudravijaya ke bhavana meM ratna-vRSTi, neminAtha kI pUrvabhavAvali, tapazcaryA, kevalajJAna prApti, dharmopadeza tathA nirvANaprApti Adi ghaTanAe~ jinasena ke vivaraNa para AdhArita haiN| neminAtha mahAkAvya kA AdhAra-srota hemacandrAcArya kA triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita hai| kItirAja ne tri0 za0 pu0 carita ke akAvyocita prasaMgoM ko chor3akara usameM varNita nemicarita ko yathAvat grahaNa kiyA hai| donoM meM zivA ke svapnoM kI saMkhyA (14) tathA krama samAna hai / ' aparAjita vimAna se cyuta hokara jinezvara, donoM kAvyoM ke anusAra' kAttika kRSNA dvAdazI ko mAtA ke garbha meM avatarita hote haiN| jina-mAtA ko asvApinI vidyA se sulAne kA ullekha hemacandra ke kAvya meM upalabdha nahIM hai| apane kathAnaka ko purANa-kathA kI bhAMti vizRMkhalita hone se bacAne ke liye kItirAja ne nemiprabhu ke pUrvabhavoM ke anupAtahIna nIrasa varNanoM ko kAvya meM sthAna nahIM diyaa| unake tapa, samavasaraNa tathA dharmopadeza kA bhI calatA-sA ullekha kiyA hai jisase usakA kathAnaka neminirvANa jaise vistRta varNanoM se mukta hai / neminAtha ke vivAha se vimukha hone tathA rAjImatI ke tajjanya karuNa vilApa kA mArmika prakaraNa bhI hemacaMdra 5. neminAthamahAkAvya, 2.1-14, 1.60-61, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita (aMgrejI manuvAda), gAyakavADa oriyaNTala sIrIja, saMkhyA 136, jilda 5, pR0 164

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya ke kAvya para AdhArita hai| kintu nemicarita kA eka prasaMga aisA hai, jisameM vAgbhaTa tathA kItirAja donoM ne paramparAgata kathA-rUpa meM nayI udbhAvanA kI hai| paurANika srotoM ke anusAra zrIkRSNa yaha jAnakara ki merI patniyoM ke sAtha jalavihAra karate samaya nemikumAra ke hRdaya meM kAma kA aMkura phUTa cukA hai, unakA sambandha bhojasutA rAjImatI se nizcita kara dete haiN| kintu nemi bhAvI hiMsA se udvigna hokara vivAha ko adhara meM chor3a dete haiM aura paramArthasiddhi kI sAdhanA meM lIna ho jAte haiN|" neminAtha vItarAga hokara bhI apanI mAtRtulyA bhAbhI ke prati AkRSTa hoM, yaha kSudra AcaraNa unake liye asambhAvya hai| isa visaMgati ko dUra karane ke liye vAgbhaTa ne prastuta sandarbha ko nayA rUpa diyA hai, jo paurANika prasaMga kI apekSA adhika saMgata hai| unake kAvya meM (1-1-10) svayaM rAjImatI raivataka parvata para yuvA nemikumAra ko dekhakara, unake rUpa para mohita ho jAtI hai aura usameM pUrvarAga kA udaya hotA hai| udhara zrIkRSNa nemikumAra ke mAtA-pitA ke anurodha se hI ugrasena se vivAha-prastAva karate haiN| kIttirAja isa parivartana se bhI santuSTa nahIM hue| unheM rAjImatI jaisI satI kA sAdhAraNa nAyikA kI bhA~ti nAyaka ko dekhakara kAmAkula honA aucityapUrNa pratIta nahIM hotaa| phalataH neminAthamahAkAvya meM kRSNa kI patniyAM vividha takoM tathA pralobhanoM se nemi ko kAmonmukha karane kI ceSTA karatI haiN| unake viphala hone para mAtA zivA unheM vivAha ke lie prerita karatI haiM, jinake Agraha ko neminAtha asvIkAra nahIM kara sake (6.4-41) / nemi kI svIkRti se unake vivAha kA prabandha karanA nissandeha adhika vicArapUrNa tathA unake udAtta caritra kI garimA ke anukUla hai| isase rAjImatI ke zIla para bhI AMca nahIM aatii| kItirAja ne prastuta sandarbha ke gaThana meM avazya hI adhika kauzala kA paricaya diyA hai| 6. neminAthamahAkAvya, 10.28-37, 11.1-16, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita (pUrvokta), pR0 261-262 tulanA kIjie-so UNa rAyakannA pavvajja sA jiNassa u| nIhAsA ya nirANandA sogeNa u samutthayA // __ uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 22.28 7. harivaMzapurANa, 55.71-72,84-100, uttarapurANa, 71.143-170 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita meM bhI kRSNapatniyoM tathA nemikumAra kI jalakrIDA kA varNana hai, kintu usameM nemi, zrIkRSNa kI patniyoM ke anunaya se, vivAha kI svIkRti dete haiM / pUrvokta aMgrejI anuvAda, pR. 253-255 8. neminAthamahAkAvya ke AdhAra srotoM ke vistRta vivecana ke liye dekhie kAvya ke hamAre saMskaraNa ko bhUmikA, pR. 33-38

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83 neminAthamahAkAvya : kItirAja upAdhyAya neminAtha mahAkAvya meM prayukta katipaya kAvyarUDhiyAM saMskRta mahAkAvyoM kI racanA eka nizcita Dharre para huI hai jisase unameM aneka zilpagata samAnatAe~ dRSTigamya hotI haiM / zAstrIya mAnadaNDoM ke nirvAha ke atirikta unameM katipaya kAvyarUDhiyoM kA tatparatA se pAlana kiyA gayA hai| yahAM neminAtha mahAkAvya meM prayukta do rUr3hiyoM kI ora dhyAna AkRSTa karanA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki kAvya meM inakA viziSTa sthAna hai tathA ye ina rUr3hiyoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke liye rocaka sAmagrI prastuta karatI haiN| prathama rUTi kA saMbaMdha prabhAta-varNana se hai| prabhAtavarNana kI paramparA kAlidAsa tathA unake paravartI aneka mahAkAvyoM meM upalabdha hai| kAlidAsa kA prabhAta-varNana (raghuvaMza, 5.66-75), AkAra meM choTA hotA huA bhI, mArmikatA meM bejor3a hai / mAgha kA prabhAta-varNana bahuta vistRta hai, yadyapi prAtaHkAla kA isa koTi kA alaMkRta varNana samUce sAhitya meM anyatra durlabha hai| anya kAvyoM meM prabhAta-varNana ke nAma para piSTapeSaNa adhika huA hai| kItirAja kA yaha varNana kucha lambA avazya hai, kintu vaha yathArthatA tathA sarasatA se paripUrNa hai| mAgha kI bhAMti usane na to dUra kI kaur3I pheMkI hai aura na vaha jJAna-pradarzana ke phera meM par3A hai| usane kuzala citrakAra kI bhAMti, apanI prAMjala zailI meM, prAtaHkAlIna prakRti ke manorama citra aMkita karake tatkAlIna vAtAvaraNa ko ujAgara kara diyA hai| mAgadhoM dvArA rAjastuti, hAthI ke jAga kara bhI, mastI ke kAraNa, AMkheM na kholane tathA karavaTa badala kara zRMkhalA-rava karane aura ghor3oM dvArA namaka cATane kI rUDhi kA bhI, isa prasaMga meM, prayoga kiyA gayA hai / apanI svAbhAvikatA tathA mArmikatA ke kAraNa kItirAja kA yaha varNana unama prabhAta-varNanoM se hor3a kara sakatA hai| ____ nAyaka ko dekhane ko utsuka paura yuvatiyoM kI AkulatA tathA tajjanya ceSTAoM kA varNana karanA saMskRta-mahAkAyoM kI eka anya bahu-pracalita rUDhi hai, jisakA prayoga neminAtha mahAkAvya meM bhI huA hai / bauddha kavi azvaghoSa se Arambha hokara kAlidAsa, mAgha, zrIharSa Adi se hotI huI yaha rUDhi katipaya jaina mahAkAvyoM kA anivArya-sA aMga bana gayA hai| azvaghoSa aura kAlidAsa kA yaha varNana apane sahaja lAvaNya se 'camatkRta hai / paravartI kaviyoM ke varNanoM meM inhIM ke bhAvoM kI pratidhvani sunAI detI hai| mAgha ke varNana meM, unake anya adhikAMza varNanoM ke samAna, vilAsitA kI pradhAnatA hai / kItirAja kA sambhrama-citraNa yathArthatA se ota-prota hai, jisase pAThaka ke 6. dhyAne manaH svaM munibhivilambitaM vilambitaM karkazarociSA tamaH / .. suSvApa yasmin kumudaM prabhAsitaM prabhAsitaM paMkajabAndhavopalaiH // neminAthakAvya, 2.41. 10. vahI, 2.54

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya hRdaya meM purasundariyoM kI tvarA sahasA pratibimbita ho jAtI hai / nArI ke nIvI - skhalana athavA adhovastra ke girane kA varNana, isa sandarbha meM, prAyaH sabhI kaviyoM ne kiyA hai / kAlidAsa ne adhIratA ko nIvI-skhalana kA kAraNa batA kara maryAdA kI rakSA kI hai / " mAgha ne isakA koI kAraNa nahIM diyA jisase usakA vilAsI rUpa adhika mukhara ho gayA hai / 2 nagna nArI ko janasamUha meM pradarzita karanA jaina yati kI pavitratAvAdI vRtti ke pratikUla thA / ataH usane isa rUDhi ko kAvya meM sthAna nahIM diyA / isake viparIta kAvya meM uttarIya ke girane kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / zuddha naitikatAvAdI dRSTi se to zAyada yaha bhI aucityapUrNa nahIM hai kintu nIvI skhalana kI tulanA meM yaha avazya kSamya hai aura kavi ne isakA jo kAraNa diyA hai: usase to purasundarI para kAmukatA kA doSa Aropita hI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / kIrtirAja kI nAyikA hAtha ke Ardra prasAdhana ke miTane ke bhaya se, girate uttarIya ko nahIM pakar3atI aura usI avasthA meM vaha gavAkSa kI ora daur3a jAtI hai / " prakRti-citraNa 84 neminAtha-mahAkAvya kI bhAvasamRddhi tathA kAvyamattA kA pramukha kAraNa isakA manorama prakRti-citraNa hai, jisake antargata kavi kI kAvya-pratibhA kA bhavya unmeSa huA hai / kIrttirAja kA prakRti-varNana prAkRtika tathyoM kA korA Akalana nahIM apitu sarasatA se ota-prota tathA kavikalpanA se udbhAsita kAvyAMza hai / mahAkAvya ke anya pakSoM kI bhA~ti kavi ne prakRti-citraNa meM bhI apanI suruci kA paricaya diyA hai / kAlidAsottara mahAkAvya meM prakRti ke uddIpana pakSa kI pArzvabhUmi meM, uktivaicitrya ke dvArA nAyaka-nAyikAoM ke vilAsitApUrNa citra aMkita karane kI paripATI hai| prakRti ke Alambana-pakSa ke prati uttaravartI kaviyoM kA anurAga nahIM hai / kIrtirAja ne bhI prakRti-citraNa meM vakrokti kA Azraya liyA hai aura pUrvavartI kaviyoM kI taraha RtuvarNana Adi prasaMgoM meM yamaka kA muktatA se prayoga kiyA hai, kintu prakRti ke svAbhA vika rUpa kA aMkana karane meM usakA mana adhika ramA hai aura isameM hI usakI kAvyakalA kA utkRSTa rUpa vyakta huA hai / usake una varNanoM meM bhI, jinheM AlaMkArika kahA jA sakatA hai, prakRti ke svAbhAvika rUpa kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai / 11. jAlAntarapreSitadRSTiranyA prasthAnabhinnAM na babandha nIvIm / raghuvaMza, 7.6. 12. abhivIkSya sAmikRtamaNDanaM yatI: kararuddhanIvIgaladaMzukAH striyaH / zizupAlavadha, 13.31 13. kAcitkarArdrA pratikarmabhaMgamayena hitvA pataduttarIyam / maMjIravAcAlapadAravindA drutaM gavAkSAbhimukhaM cacAla || neminAthamahAkAvya 10.13 "

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neminAthamahAkAvya : kItirAja upAdhyAya 85 prakRti ke Alambana pakSa kA citraNa kItirAja ke sUkSma paryavekSaNa kA dyotaka hai / varNya viSaya ke sAtha tAdAtmya sthApita karane ke pazcAt aMkita kiye gaye ye citra sajIvatA se spandita haiN| apane varNana ko hRdayaMgama tathA kalpanA se taralita banAne ke lie kavi ne vividha alaMkAroM kA surucipUrNa prayoga kiyA hai, parantu alaMkRti kA yaha jhInA AvaraNa prakRti ke sahaja rUpa kA gopana nahIM kara sktaa| dvitIya sarga ke prabhAta-varNana ke lie yaha ukti vizeSa sArthaka hai / " hemanta meM dina kramazaH choTe hote jAte haiM aura kuhAsA uttarottara bar3hatA jAtA hai| suparicita tathA surucipUrNa upamAnoM se kavi ne isa hemantakAlIna tathya kA aisA mArmika nirUpaNa kiyA hai ki upamita viSaya turanta prasphuTita ho gayA hai| upayayau zanakairiha lAghavaM dinagaNo khalarAga ivAnizam / vavRdhire ca tuSArasamRddhayo'nusamayaM sujanapraNayA iva ||8.4bh pAvasa meM dAminI kI damaka, varSA kI avirAma phuhAra tathA zItala bayAra mAdaka vAtAvaraNa kI sRSTi karatI haiN| pavana-jhakore khAkara meghamAlA madhura-mandra garjanA karatI huI gaganAMgana meM ghUmatI phiratI hai| kavi ne varSAkAla ke isa sahaja dRzya ko punaH upamA ke dvArA aMkita kiyA hai, jisase abhivyakti ko spaSTatA tathA sampannatA milI hai| kSaradadabhrajalA kalagajitA sacapalA capalAnilanoditA / divi cacAla navAmbudamaNDalI gajaghaTeva manobhavabhUpateH // 8.38 kavi kI isa nirIkSaNa zakti tathA grahaNazIlatA ke kAraNa prastuta padya meM zarat ke samUce pramukha guNa sAkAra ho gaye haiN| ApaH praseduH kalamA vipecuhaMsAzcukUjurjahasuH kajAni / sambhUya sAnandamivAvateruH zaradguNAH sarvajalAzayeSu // 8.82 prakRti ke Alambana pakSa kA sarvottama citraNa bArahaveM sarga meM, vana-varNana ke antargata, huA hai| pakSiyoM ke kalarava se guMjita tathA vividha phala-phUloM se ladI vanarAjipa, gIta kI madhura tAna se mohita mRgoM ke apanI priyAoM ke sAtha caukar3I bharane" tathA phalabhAra se jhuke dhAna ke khetoM kI pakSiyoM se rakhavAlI karane vAle bhole kisAnoM kA svabhAvokti dvArA analaMkRta varNana kavi ke prakRti-prema kA pratIka hai| ina 14. draSTavya : yondurastAcalacUlikAzrayI babhUva yAvad galadaMzumaNDalaH / mlAnanA tAvadabhUtkumudavatI kulAMganAnAM caritaM hyadaH sphuTam // vahI, 2.32 tathA 2.34,40,41,43,47. 15. vahI, 12.4 26. vahI, 12.11

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86 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya svabhAvoktiyoM meM kIrtirAja kA saccA kavitva prakaTa huA hai / zukazArikA dvikapikAdipakSitaH parirakSyamANamabhitaH kRSIvalaH / prasamIkSyatAM svaphalabhAramaMguraM paripakvazAli vanamAyate kSaNi // 12.8 hAsakAlIna mahAkAvya kI pravRtti ke anusAra kIrtirAja ne prakRti ke uddIpana rUpa kA bhI pallavana kiyA hai| uddIpana rUpa meM prakRti mAnava kI bhAvanAoM evaM manorAgoM ko jhakajhora kara use adhIra banA detI hai ! Rtu-varNana meM prakRti ke uddIpana pakSa ke aneka manohara citra aMkita hue haiM / vasanta ke mohaka vAtAvaraNa meM kAmI janoM kI vilAsapUrNa ceSTAeM dekhakara virahI pathikoM ke saMyama kA bAMdha TUTa jAtA hai aura ve apanI priyAoM se milane ko Atura ho jAte haiM" hemanta kA zIta vItarAga yogiyoM ke mana ko bhI vicalita kara detA hai" / prastuta paMktiyoM meM smarapaTaha ke sadRza ghanagarjanA vilAsI janoM kI kAmAgni ko prajvalita kara rahI hai| jisase ve raNazUra, kAmaraNa meM parAjita hokara, prANavallabhAoM kI manuhAra karane ko vivaza ho jAte haiM / / smarapateH paTahAniva vAridAn ninadato'tha nizamya vilAsinaH / samadanA nyapatannavakAminIcaraNayo raNayogavido'pi hi // 8.37 uddIpana pakSa ke isa varNana meM prakRti pRSThabhUmi meM calI gayI hai aura premI yugaloM kA bhoga-vilAsa pramukha ho gayA hai, kiMtu isakI gaNanA uddIpana ke antargata hI kI jaaegii| priyakaraH kaThinastanakumbhayoH priyakaraH sarasArtavapallavaiH / priyatamAM samavIjayadAkulAM navaratAM varatAntalatAgRhe // 8. 23 karane lagatI hai / prakRti ke neminAtha mahAkAvya meM prakRti kA mAnavIkaraNa bhI kiyA gayA hai| prakRti para mAnavIya bhAvanAoM tathA kAryakalApoM kA Aropa karane se usameM prANoM kA spandana hotA hai aura vaha mAnava kI taraha AcaraNa mAnavIkaraNa se kIrtirAja ne mAnava tathA prakRti ke sahaja sAhacarya ko rekhAMkita kiyA hai / prAta:kAla, sUrya ke udita hote hI, kamalinI vikasita ho jAtI hai aura bhauMre usakA rasapAna karane lagate haiM / kavi ne isakA citraNa sUrya para nAyaka aura bhramaroM para parapuruSa kA Aropa karake kiyA hai / apanI preyasI ko para puruSoM se cumbita dekhakara sUrya (pati) krodha se lAla ho gayA hai aura kaThora pAdaprahAra se usa vyabhicAriNI ko daNDita kara rahA hai / 17. vahI, 8.20 18. vahI, 8.52

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neminAthamahAkAvya : kItirAja upAdhyAya yatra bhramabhramarAnanAmavekSya kopAdiva mUni padminIm / svapreyasIM lohitamUrtimAvahana kaThorapAnijaghAna tApanaH // 2.42 nimnokta padya meM latAoM ko pragalbhA nAyikAoM ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai, jo puSpavatI hotI huI taruNoM ke sAtha bAhya rati meM lIna haiN| komalAMgyo'pi latAkAntAH pravattA yasya kAnane / puSpavatyo'pyaho citraM taruNAliMganaM vyadhuH // 1.41 kAvya meM prakRti kA alaMkata citraNa kavi-kalpanA se dIpita hai / vividha alaMkAroM kA Azraya lekara kItirAja ne prakRti kA jo varNana kiyA hai vaha usakI kAvyapratibhA kA paricAyaka hai| isa kalpanAzIlatA ke kAraNa sAmAnya prAkRtika padArthoM kA varNana bhI kAvya-suSamA ke ucca dharAtala kA sparza karatA hai| meru kI upatyakA kA zyAmala vana aisA pratIta hotA hai mAno karipradeza se girA usakA nIla paridhAna ho (5.26) / sarovaroM meM khile kamaloM kI paMktiyAM, jina para bhauMre baiThe the, aisI zobhita huIM mAno jaladevatA ne zarat ke navIna saundarya dekhane ke liye nAnA prakAra se apanI AMkheM ughAr3I hoN| samadhupAH smitapaMkajapaMktayo rucire rucireSu saraHsvatha / navazaracchiyamIkSitumAtanodiva dRzaH zatadhA jaladevatA // 8.41 alaMkRta varNana ke antargata kItirAja ne kahIM-kahIM dUra kI kaur3I phaikI hai| meruparvata ko khalihAna ke madhyavartI khUTe kA rUpa dene kI AturatA ke kAraNa, rUpaka kI pUrti ke liye, jyotizcakra, andhakAra tathA AkAza para kramazaH bailoM, anna tathA khalihAna kA Aropa karanA dUrArUr3ha kalpanA hai / jyotiSkacakrokSakadambakena dine rajanyAM ja vigAhyamAne / tamo'nnabhRdvyomakhale vizAle dadhAti yazcAntarakIlakatvam // 5.46 isa prakAra kItirAja ne prakRti ke vividha rUpoM kA vividha zailiyoM meM varNana kiyA hai| pUrvavartI saMskRta mahAkAvyakAroM kI bhA~ti usane prakRticitraNa meM yamaka kI vyApaka yojanA kI hai, kintu usakA yamaka na kevala durUhatA se mukta hai apitu isase prakRti-varNana kI prabhAvazAlitA meM vRddhi huI hai / saundarya-citraNa neminAtha-mahAkAvya meM katipaya pAtroM ke kAyika saundarya kA hRdayagrAhI citraNa kiyA gayA hai, kintu kavi kI kalA kI vibhUti rAjImatI tathA devAMganAoM ke citroM ko hI milI hai| cira-pratiSThita paramparA ke anurUpa kItirAja ne nakhazikhavidhi se apane pAtroM ke aMgoM-pratyaMgoM ke saundarya kI abhivyakti kI hai| varNana-praNAlI kI bhAMti usake adhikatara upamAna bhI ciraparicita tathA rUr3ha haiM, kintu usakI kAvya

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya pratibhA ke kAraNa usake sabhI saundarya-varNanoM meM barAbara rocakatA banI rahatI hai / navIna upamAna usakI kAvyakalA ko hRdayaMgama banAne meM sahAyaka siddha hue haiM / nimnokta padya meM devAMganAoM kI jaghanasthalI kI tulanA kAmadeva kI AsanagaddI se kI gayI hai, jisase usakI puSTatA tathA vistAra kA turanta bhAna ho jAtA hai / vRtA dukUlena sukomalena vilagnakAMcIguNajAtyaratnA / vibhAti yAsAM jaghanasthalI sA manobhavasyAsanagabdikeva / / 6.47 isI prakAra rAjImatI kI jaMghAoM ko kadalIstambha tathA kAmagaja ke AlAna ke rUpa meM citrita karake eka ora unakI suDaulatA tathA zItalatA ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai, dUsarI ora unakI vazIkaraNa-kSamatA kA saMketa kara diyA gayA hai / 88 bhAruyugaM yasyAH kadalIstambhakomalam / AlAna iva durdanta-mInaketana - hastinaH / / 6.55 neminAtha mahAkAvya meM upamAna kI apekSA upameya aMgoM kA vaiziSTya batA kara vyatireka ke dvArA pAtroM kA saundarya citrita karane kI vidhi bhI apanAyI gayI hai| navayauvanA rAjImatI ke lokottara sukha-saundarya ko kavi ne isI paddhati se saMkefar kiyA hai / usakI mukha-mAdhurI se parAsta hokara lAvaNyanidhi candramA muMha chipAne ke liye AkAza meM mArA-mArA phira rahA hai / yasyA vaktrajitaH zaMke lAghavaM prApya candramAH / tUlavad vAyunotkSipto bambhramIti nabhastale / / 6.52 rasayojanA parivartanazIla manorAgoM kA yathAtathya citraNa karane meM kIrttirAja kI siddhihastatA nirvivAda hai / usakI tUlikA kA sparza pAkara sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa prasaMga bhI rasasikta ho gayA hai / kavi ke isa kauzala ke kAraNa, dhArmika vRtta para AdhArita hotA huA bhI neminAthamahAkAvya pAThaka ko tIvra rasAnubhUti karAtA hai / zAstrIya niyama tathA kAvya ke uddezya evaM prakRti ke anurUpa isameM zAntarasa kI pradhAnatA mAnanA nyAyocita hogA, yadyapi isameM aMgIrasa - sulabha tIvratA kA abhAva hai / karuNa, zrRMgAra, raudra Adi kA bhI kAvya meM yathocita paripAka huA hai| adhikAMza jaina kAvyoM kI bhA~ti neminAthamahAkAvya kA paryavasAna zAnta rasa meM hotA hai / zAntarasa kA AdhArabhUta tattva ( sthAyI bhAva ) nirveda hai, jo kAvya- nAyaka ke jIvana meM Adyanta anusyUta hai / aura antataH ve kevalajJAna ke sopAna se hI parama pada kI aTTAlikA meM praveza karate haiM / vadhUgRha ke glAnipUrNa hiMsaka dRzya ko dekhakara tathA kRSNa patniyoM kI kAmukatApUrNa yuktiyAM sunakara unakI vairAgyazIlatA kA prabala honA svAbhAvika thA / ina prasaMgoM meM zAnta rasa kI yatheSTa abhivyakti huI hai / nemiprabhu kI dezanA kA prastuta aMza

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- naiminAthamahAkAvya : kIrtirAja upAdhyAya 86 manuSya ko viSaya AkarSaNoM tathA sambandhoM kI kSaNikatA kA bhAna karA kara use mokSa -kI ora unmukha karatA hai / divaso yathA nahi vinA dinezvaraM sukRtaM vinA na ca bhavettathA sukham / tadavazyameva viduSA sukhArthinA sukRtaM sadaiva karaNIyamAdarAt / / 12.44 vighaTate svajanazca suhRjjano vighaTate ca vapuvibhavo'pi ca / vighaTate nahi kevalamAtmanaH sukRtamatra paratra ca saMcitam // 12.47 neminAthamahAkAvya ke kathAnaka kI mUla prakRti zRMgAra rasa se asampRkta hai / vaha AmUla-cUla nirveda se anuprANita hai / kAvya ke kevala eka-do prasaMgoM meM zRMgAra kI AbhA dikhAI detI hai / devAMganAoM tathA rAjImatI ke saundarya varNana meM zRMgAra ke Alambana vibhAva kI pratiSThA hai / zrIkRSNa kI patniyoM kI pralobhanakArI uktiyoM meM nArI ko saMsAra kA sAra tathA yauvana kI sArthakatA ke liye usakA bhoga Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai" / Rtu varNana ke antargata zRMgAra ke aneka ramaNIka citra aMkita hue haiM / prakRti ke uddIpana rUpa se vicalita hokara premI yugaloM ke kAmakeliyoM meM pravRtta hone kA saMketa prakRti citraNa ke prakaraNa meM kiyA gayA hai / vasanta-varNana ke nimna likhita padya meM zRMgAra rasa kI sundara abhivyakti huI hai / upavana ke mAdaka vAtA varaNa meM kAmAkula nAyikA nae chaila para rIjha gayI hai| usane use puSpacayana se vimukha kara tatkAla apane mohajAla meM bAMdha liyA hai / upavane pavaneritapAdape navataraM bata raMtumanAH parA sakaruNA karuNAvacaye priyaM priyatamA yatamAnamavArayat / / 8.22 neminAthamahAkAvya meM gauNa rasoM meM, zrRMgAra ke pazcAt karuNarasa kA sthAna karuNa rasa kI sRSTi upAlambha tathA krandana hai / apratyAzita pratyAkhyAna se zokatapta rAjImatI ke vilApa meM huI hai / kumArasambhava ke rativilApa kI bhAMti yadyapi isameM adhika hai tathApi yaha hRdaya kI gaharAI ko chUne meM samartha hai| atha bhojanarendra putrikA praviyuktA prabhuNA tapasvinI / vyalapad galadadhulocanA zithilAMgA luThitA mahItale / / 11.1 mayi kosyamadhIza ! niSThuro vyavasAyastava vizvavatsala ! virahayya nijAH svardhAmaNIrnahi tiSThanti vihaMgamA api // 11.2 aparAdhamRte vihAya mAM yadi tAmAdriyase vratastriyam / bahubhiH puruSaH purA dhUtAM nahi tannAtha ! kulocitaM tava / / 11.4 raudra rasa kA paripAka pAMcaveM sarga meM, indra ke krodha ke varNana meM huA hai / 19 phalaM yauvanavRkSasya drAg gRhANa vicakSaNa / vahI, 6.11 saMsAre sArabhUto yaH kilAyaM pramadAjanaH / vahI, 6.15

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya sahasA siMhAsana hilane se devarAja krodha se unmatta ho jAtA hai / usakI kopa- janya ceSTAoM meM raudrarasa ke anubhAvoM kI bhavya abhivyakti huI hai / krodha se usake mAthe para tevar3a par3a jAte haiM, bhauMheM sAMpa-sI bhISaNa ho jAtI haiM, AMkheM Aga barasAne lagatI haiM aura dA~ta kiTakiTA uThate haiM / 60 lalATapaTTa bhrakuTI bhayAnakaM pra vo bhujaMgAviva dAruNAkRtI / dRzaH karAlA: jvalitAgnikuNDavaccaNDAryamAbhaM mukhamAdadhe'sau // dadaMza dantai rupayA harirnijau rasena zacyA adharAvivAdharau / prasphorayAmAsa karAvitastataH krodhadra masyolbaNapallavAviva / / 5.3-4. pratIkAtmaka samrAT moha ke dUta tathA saMyamarAja ke nItinipuNa mantrI viveka kI uktiyoM meM gyArahaveM sarga meM, vIra rasa kI kamanIya jhA~kI dekhane ko milatI hai / yadi zaktirihAsti te prabhoH pratigRhNAtu tadA tu tAnyapi / parameSa vilolajihvayA kapaTI bhApayate jagajjanam // 11.44 caritracitraNa neminAthamahAkAvya ke saMkSipta kathAnaka meM pAtroM kI saMkhyA bhI sImita hai / kathAnAyaka neminAtha ke atirikta unake pitA samudravijaya, mAtA zivAdevI, rAjImatI, ugrasena, pratIkAtmaka samraT moha tathA saMyama aura dUta kaitava evaM mantrI viveka kAvya ke pAtra haiM / parantu ina saba kI caritragata vizeSatAoM kA nirUpaNa karane meM kavi ko samAna saphalatA nahIM milI hai / neminAtha jinezvara neminAtha kAvya ke nAyaka haiN| unakA caritra mUla paurANika pariveza meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / ve devocita vibhUti tathA zakti se sampanna haiM / unake dharA para avatIrNa hone se hI samudravijaya ke samasta zatru nisteja ho jAte haiN| dikkumAriyAM unakA sUtikarma karatI haiM tathA unake janmAbhiSeka ke liye svayaM surapati indra jinagRha meM AtA hai / pA~cajanya ko phUMkanA tathA zaktiparIkSA meM SoDazakalA sampanna zrIkRSNa ko parAjita karanA unakI divya zaktimattA ke pramANa haiM / neminAtha kA samUcA caritra virakti ke kendrabindu ke cAroM ora ghUmatA hai ve vItarAga nAyaka haiM / yauvana kI mAdaka avasthA meM bhI vaiSayika sukha unheM abhibhUta nahIM kara pAte / kRSNa patniyA~ nAnA pralobhana tathA tarka dekara unheM vivAha karane ko prerita karatI haiM, kintu ve himAlaya kI bhAMti aDiga tathA aDola rahate haiM / unakA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki vaiSayika sukha paramArtha ke zatru haiN| unase AtmA usI prakAra tRpta nahIM hotI jaise jalarAzi se sAgara aura kATha se agni / unake vicAra meM kAmAtura mUr3ha hI dhamauSadhi ko chor3a kara nArI rUpI auSadha kA sevana karatA hai / vAstavika

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neminAthamahAkAvya : kItirAja upAdhyAya sukha brahmaloka meM vidyamAna hai| hitaM dhauSadhaM hitvA mUDhAH kAmajvarAditAH / mukhapriyamapathyantu sevante lalanauSadham // 6.24 mAtA-pitA ke prema ne, unheM usa sukha kI prApti ke mArga se eka paga hI haTAyA thA ki unakI vairAgyazIlatA turanta phuphakAra uThatI hai| vadhUgRha meM bhojanArtha vadhya pazuoM kA Arta krandana sunakara unakA nirveda prabala ho jAtA hai aura ve vivAha ko bIca meM hI chor3a kara pravrajyA grahaNa kara lete haiN| unakI sAdhanA kI pariNati zivatva-prApti meM hotI hai / adamya kAma ko parAjita karanA unakI dhIraprazAntatA kI pratiSThA hai| samudravijaya yadupati samudravijaya kathAnAyaka ke pitA haiN| unameM samUce rAjocita guNa vidyamAna haiM / ve rUpavAn, zaktizAlI, aizvaryasampanna tathA prakhara medhAvI haiN| unake guNa alaMkaraNamAtra nahIM haiN| ve vyAvahArika jIvana meM unakA upayoga karate haiN| (zakteranuguNAH kriyAH 1.36) / samudravijaya tejasvI zAsaka haiN| unake bandI ke zabdoM meM agni tathA sUrya kA teja bhale hI zAnta ho jAe, unakA parAkrama apratihata hai (7.25) / unake siMhAsanArUDha hote hI unake zatru mlAna ho jAte haiN| phalataH zatru-lakSmI ne unakA isa prakAra varaNa kiyA jaise navayauvanA bAlA vivAhavelA meM pati kaa| unakA rAjya pAzavika bala para Azrita nahIM hai / ve kevala kSamA ko napuMsakatA aura nirbAdha pracaNDatA ko aviveka mAna kara, ina donoM ke samanvaya ke AdhAra para hI rAjya kA saMcAlana karate haiM (1.43) / 'na kharo na bhUyasA maduH' unakI nIti kA mUla mantra hai| prazAsana ke cAru saMcAlana ke liye unhoMne nyAyapriya tathA zAstravettA mantrI niyukta kiye haiM (1.47) / unake smitakAnta oSTha mitroM ke liye akSaya koza luTAte haiM, to unakI bhrUbhaMgimA zatruoM para vajrapAta karatI hai| (1.52) / prajAprema samudravijaya ke caritra kA viziSTa guNa hai| yathocita karavyavasthA se usane sahaja hI prajA kA vizvAsa prApta kara liyA (AkArAya lalo lokAd bhAgadheyaM na tRSNayA-1.45) samudravijaya putravatsala pitA haiM / putrajanma kA samAcAra sunakara unakI bAche khila jAtI haiN| putraprApti ke upalakSya meM ve muktahasta se dhana vitarita karate haiM, bandiyoM ko mukta kara dete haiM tathA janmotsava kA ThATadAra Ayojana karate haiM, jo nirantara bAraha dina calatA hai / samudravijaya antas se dhArmika vyakti haiN| unakA dharma sarvopari hai| Arhata dharma unheM putra, patnI, rAjya tathA prANoM se bhI adhika priya hai (1.42) / isa prakAra samudravijaya trivargasAdhana meM rata haiN| suvyavasthA tathA nyAyaparA

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62 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya paNatA ke kAraNa unake rAjya meM samaya para varSA hotI hai, pRthvI ratna upajAtI hai aura prajA cirajIvI hai / aura ve svayaM rAjya ko isa prakAra nizcinta hokara bhogate haiM jaise kAmI kAminI kI kaMcana-kAyA ko / samRddhamabhajadrAjyaM sa samastanayAmalam / __kAmIva kAminIkArya sasama-stana-yAmalam // 1.54 rAjImatI rAjamatI kAvya kI dRDhanizcayI satI nAyikA hai| vaha zIla-sampanna tathA atula rUpavatI hai| use neminAtha kI patnI banane kA saubhAgya milane lagA thA, kiMtu krUra vidhi ne, palaka jhapakate hI, usakI navodita AzAoM para pAnI phera diyaa| vivAha meM bhAvI vyApaka hiMsA se udvigna hokara neminAtha dIkSA grahaNa kara lete haiM / isa akAraNa nirAkaraNa se rAjImatI stabdha raha jAtI hai| bandhujanoM ke samajhAne bujhAne se usake tapta hRdaya ko sAntvanA to milatI hai, kintu usakA jIvana koza rIta cukA hai| vaha mana se neminAtha ko sarvasva arpita kara cukI thI, ata: use saMsAra meM anya kucha bhI grAhya nhiiN| jIvana kI sukha-suvidhAoM tathA pralobhanoM kA tRNavat parityAga kara vaha tapa kA kaMTIlA mArga grahaNa karatI hai aura kevalajJAnI nemiprabhu se pUrva parama pada pAkara adbhuta saubhAgya prApta karatI hai| ugrasena bhojaputra ugrasena kA caritra mAnavIya guNoM se bhUSita hai| vaha uccakula-prasUta tathA nItikuzala zAsaka hai / vaha zaraNAgatavatsala, guNaratnoM kI nidhi tathA kItilatA kA kAnana hai / lakSmI tathA sarasvatI, apanA paramparAgata vaira chor3a kara, usake pAsa eka-sAtha rahatI haiN| vipakSI napagaNa usake teja se bhIta hokara kanyAoM ke upahAroM se usakA roSa zAnta karate haiN| anya pAtra zivAdevI neminAtha kI mAtA hai| kAvya meM usake caritra kA vikAsa nahIM huA hai| pratIkAtmaka samrATa moha tathA saMyama rAjanItikuzala zAsakoM kI bhA~ti AcaraNa karate haiN| moharAja dUta kaitava ko bheja kara saMyama-nRpati ko neminAtha kA hRdaya-durga chor3ane kA Adeza detA hai| dUta pUrNa nipuNatA se apane svAmI kA pakSa prastuta karatA hai| saMyamarAja kA mantrI viveka dUta kI uktiyoM kA muMha tor3a uttara detA hai| bhASA neminAthamahAkAvya kI saphalatA kA adhikAMza zreya isakI prasAdapUrNa tathA prAjala bhASA ko hai / uktivaicitrya, alaMkaraNapriyatA Adi samakAlIna pravRttiyoM ke

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neminAthamahAkAvya : kIrtirAja upAdhyAya 3 prabala AkarSaNa ke samakSa AtmasamarpaNa na karanA kIrtirAja kI bhASAtmaka suruci kA dyotaka hai / neminAthamahAkAvya kI bhASA mahAkAvyocita garimA tathA prANavattA se maNDita hai / kavi kA bhASA para yatheSTa adhikAra hai kintu anAvazyaka alaMkaraNa kI ora usakI pravRtti nahIM hai / isIliye usake kAvya meM bhAvapakSa aura kalApakSa kA manorama samanvaya hai / neminAthamahAkAvya kI bhASA kI mukhya vizeSatA usakA santulana / vaha pratyeka bhAva athavA paristhiti ko tadanukUla zabdAvalI meM vyakta karane meM samartha hai kintu prAMjalatA kI antardhArA usameM sarvatra pravAhita hai / zleSa tathA yamaka jaise zabdAlaMkAra bhI usakI prAMjalatA ko Ahata nahIM kara sake / bhAvAnukUla zabdoM ke vivekapUrNa cayana tathA kuzala gumphana se dhvanisaundarya kI sRSTi karane meM kavi siddhahasta hai / anuprAsa tathA yamaka ke vivekapUrNa prayoga se kAvya meM madhura jhaMkRti kA samAveza ho gayA hai / prastuta padya meM yaha vizeSatA dekhI jA sakatI hai / guruNA ca yatra taruNA'guruNA vasudhA kriyate surabhirvasudhA / kamanAtureti ramaNaikamanA ramaNI surasya zucihAramaNI / / 5.51 T yadyapi samUcA kAvya prasAda-guNa kI mAdhurI se ota-prota hai, kintu sAtaveM tathA naveM sarga meM prasAda kA sarvottama rUpa dIkha par3atA hai / inameM jisa sahaja, sarala tathA suvodha bhASA kA prayoga huA hai, usa para sAhityadarpaNakAra kI yaha ukti cittaM vyApnoti yaH kSipraM zuSkendhanamivAnalaH' akSarazaH caritArtha hotI hai / komala bhAvoM ke citraNa meM vaidarbhI kA udAtta rUpa vidyamAna hai jisameM mAdhuryavyaMjaka samAsahIna athavA alpasamAsa yukta padAvalI kA prayoga vihita hai / neminAtha kAvya ke zrRMgAra Adi prasaMga vastutaH alpasamAsa vAlI padAvalI meM nibaddha haiM / yuvA neminAtha ko viSaya bhogoM kI ora AkRSTa karane ke liye bhASA kI saralatA ke sAtha komalatA bhI Ava zyaka thI / vivAhaya kumArendra ! bAlAzcaMcalalocanAH / bhuMkSva bhogAn samaM tAbhirapsarobhirivAmaraH / / 6,12 hemAjagarbhagaurAMgIM mRgAkSIM kulabAlikAm / ye nopabhuMjate lokA vedhasA vaMcitA hi te / / 6.14 kaThora prasaMgoM kI bhASA oja se paripUrNa hai / ojavyaMjaka zabdoM ke dvArA atIva samartha banAyA hai / yojanA kI gayI hai, vaha yatheSTa vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa karake kavi ne bhAvavyaMjanA ko pAMcave sarga meM, indra ke krodha varNana meM, jisa padAvalI kI apane vega tathA nAda se hRdaya meM sphUrti kA saMcAra karatI hai / isa dRSTi se yaha pa vizeSa darzanIya hai / vipakSapakSakSayabaddhakakSa : vidyullatAnAmiva saMcayaM tat / sphuratsphuliMgaM kulizaM karAlaM dhyAtveti yAvatsa jighRkSati sma / / 5.6

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya kItirAja kI bhASA meM bimba-nirmANa kI pUrNa kSamatA hai / sambhrama ke citraNa kI bhASA tvarA tathA vega se pUrNa hai / apane isa kauzala ke kAraNa kavi, dasaveM sarga meM, paura striyoM kI adhIratA tathA nAyaka ko dekhane kI utsukatA ko mUrta rUpa dene meM samartha huA hai| devasabhA ke isa varNana meM, indra ke sahasA prayANa se utpanna sabhAsadoM kI AkulatA, upayukta zabdAvalI ke prayoga se, sAkAra ho gayI hai / dRSTi dadAnA sakalAsu dikSu kimetadityAkulitaM bravANA / utthAnato devapaterakasmAt sarvApi cukSobha sabhA sudharmA // 5.18 neminAthamahAkAvya sUktiyoM aura lokoktiyoM kA vizAla koza hai / ye kavi ke loka jJAna kI dyotaka haiM tathA kAvya kI prabhAvakAritA meM vRddhi karatI haiN| katipaya rocaka sUktiyAM yahAM uddhRta kI jAtI haiN| 1. hI prema tadyadvazatticittaH pretyati duHkhaM sukharUpameva / 2.43 2. uccaiH sthitirvA kva bhavejjaDAnAm / 6.13 3. kAle ripumapyAzrayetsudhIH / 8.46 4. zuddhirna tapo vinAtmanaH / 11. 23 5. sukRtairyazo niyatamApyate / 12.7 ina guNoM se bhUSita hotI huI bhI neminAthakAvya kI bhASA meM katipaya doSa haiM, jinakI ora saMketa na karanA anyAyapUrNa hogaa| kAvya meM katipaya aise sthaloM para vikaTa samAsAnta padAvalI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jahAM usakA koI aucitya nahIM hai| yuddhAdi ke varNana meM to samAsa-bahulA bhASA abhISTa vAtAvaraNa ke nirmANa meM sahAyaka hotI hai, kintu meru-varNana ke prasaMga meM kyA sArthakatA hai (5.52) ? isake atirikta kavi ne yatra-tatra chanda pUrti ke lie atirikta pada lUMsa diye haiM, 'svakAntaraktAH ' ke pazcAt' pativratA' kA (2.37), 'zuka' ke sAtha 'vi' kA (2.58), 'marAla' ke sAtha 'khaga' kA (2.56), 'vizArada' ke sAtha vizeSyajana' kA (11.16) tathA 'vadanti' ke sAtha 'vAcam, kA (3.18) kA prayoga sarvathA Avazyaka nahIM hai / inase eka ora, ina sthaloM para, chandaprayoga meM kavi kI asamarthatA prakaTa hotI haiM, dUsarI ora yahAM vaha kAvya doSa A gayA hai, jo sAhityazAstra meM 'adhika' nAma se khyAta hai| udagrasAdhanam (2.38) meM azlIlatA vyaMgya hai| vArijalAzaye (8.31), pramadavArivAridhiH (6.65) tathA dhvaninAdavAcAla (10.46) meM vyagya kA zabda dvArA kathana kiyA gayA hai| 'atha yattava rocatetarAm' (11.39) meM SaSThI ke vyAkaraNa viruddha hone se cyutisaMskRti doSa hai / 12-35 meM upameya ke bahuvacana tathA upamAna ke ekavacana meM hone se bhagnaprakramatA doSa se dUSita hai / vidvatA-pradarzana neminAthakAvya kI bhASA kA dUsarA pakSa una kalAbAjiyoM meM dRSTigata hotA

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maiminAthamahAkAvya : kItirAja upAdhyAya hai, jo bhAravi se Arambha hokara uttaravartI kaviyoM dvArA sotsAha grahaNa kI gayI haiN| zailI meM adhikatara kAlidAsa ke padacihnoM para calate hue bhI kItirAja ne, antima sarga meM, citrakAvya ke dvArA camatkAra utpanna karane tathA apane pANDitya kI pratiSThA karane kA sAgraha prayatna kiyA haiN| saubhAgyavaza aise padoM kI saMkhyA adhika nahIM hai| sambhavataH, ve inake dvArA sUcita kara denA cAhate haiM ki maiM samavartI kAvyazailI se anabhijJa athavA citrakAvya-racanA meM asamartha nahIM hUM kintu suruci ke kAraNa vaha mujhe grAhya nahIM hai / Azcarya yaha hai ki neminAtha mahAkAvya meM isa zAbdika krIr3A kI yojanA kevalajJAnI nemiprabhu kI vandanA ke antargata kI gayI hai| isa sAhityika jAdUgarI meM apanI nipuNatA kA pradarzana karane ke lie kavi ne bhASA kA nirmama utpIr3ana kiyA hai, jisase isa prasaMga meM vaha durUhatA se AkrAnta ho gayI hai| kItirAja kA citrakAvya bahudhA pAdayamaka kI nIMva para AdhArita hai, jisameM samUce caraNa kI AvRtti kI hai ; yadyapi usake anya rUpoM kA samAveza karane ke pralobhana kA bhI vaha saMvaraNa nahIM kara skaa| prastuta jinastuti kA AdhAra pAdayamaka hai| puNya ! kopacayadaM na tAvakaM puNyakopacayadaM na tAvakam / darzanaM jinapa ! yAvadIkSyate tAvadeva gadaduHsthatAvikram // 12.33 nimokta padya meM ekAkSarAnuprAsa hai| isakI racanA kevala eka vyaMjana 'ta' para Azrita hai, yadyapi isameM tIna svara bhI prayukta hue haiN| atItAntata etAM te tantantu tatatAtatim / RtatAM tAM tu totottU tAto'tatAM tatontatut // 11.37 prastuta padya kI racanA ardha pratilomavidhi se haI hai| ataH isake pUrvArdha tathA uttarArdha ko, Arambha tathA anta se eka samAna par3hA jA sakatA hai| tuda me tatavammatvaM tvaM bhadantatameda tu| rakSa tAta ! vizAmoza ! zamIzAvitatAkSara // 12.38 ina do padyoM kI padAvalI meM pUrNa sAmya hai, kintu pada yojanA tathA vigraha ke vaibhinnya ke AdhAra para inase do svatantra artha nikalate haiN| sAhityazAstra kI zabdAvalI meM ise mahAyamaka kahA jaayegaa| mahAmadaM bhavArAgahari vigrahahAriNam / pramodajAtatArenaM zreyaskaraM mahAptakam // mahAma dambhavArAgahari vigrahahAriNam / pramodajAtatArenaM zreyaskaraM mahAptakam / / 12.41-42 isa koTi ke padya kavi ke pANDitya, racanA-kauzala tathA bhASAdhikAra ko

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6 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya sUcita avazya karate haiM, kintu inase rasacarvaNA meM avAMchanIya bAdhA AtI hai / TIkA binA inakA vAstavika artha samajhanA prAyaH asambhava hai / saMtoSa yaha hai mAgha, vastupAla Adi kI bhAMti ina prahelikAoM kA pUre sarga meM sanniveza na karake, kItirAja ne apane pAThakoM ko bauddhika vyAyAma se bacA liyA hai / alaMkAra vidhAna prakRti-citraNa Adi ke samAna alaMkAroM ke prayoga meM bhI kIrtirAja ne suruci tathA sUjhabUjha kA paricaya diyA hai / alaMkAra bhAvAbhivyakti meM kitane sahAyaka ho sakate haiM, neminAthakAvya isakA jvalanta udAharaNa hai / kIrtirAja kI isa saphalatA kA rahasya yaha hai ki usane alaMkAroM kA sanniveza apane jJAna- pradarzana athavA kAvya ko alaMkRta karane ke lie nahIM apitu bhAvoM ko sampannatA pradAna karane ke lie kiyA hai / use jJAta hai ki anAvazyaka alaMkaraNa kAvyarasa meM avAMchanIya bAdhA utpanna karatA hai - (atibhUSaNAd bhavati nIraso yataH 12.10 ) / neminAthamahAkAvya ke alaMkAroM kA saundarya isake aprastutoM para AdhArita hai / upayukta aprastutoM kA cayana kavi kI painI dRSTi, anubhava, mAnava prakRti ke jJAna, saMvedanazIlatA tathA sajagatA para nirbhara hai / kIrtirAja ne jIvana ke vividha pakSoM se upamAna grahaNa kiye haiM / usake aprastuta adhikatara upamA tathA utprekSA ke rUpa meM prakaTa hue haiN| unase varNita bhAva tathA viSaya kisa prakAra spaSTa tathA samRddha hue haiM, isake digdarzana ke liye katipaya udAharaNa Avazyaka haiM / prabhu ke darzana se indra kA krodha aise zAnta ho gayA jaise amRtapAna se jvarapIr3A aura varSA se dAvAgni (5.14) / jahA~ jvarAti aura dAvAgni devarAja ke krodha kI pracaNDatA kA bodha karAtI haiM vahA~ amRtapAna tathA varSA upamAnoM se usake sahasA zAnta hone kA bhAva spaSTa ho gayA hai / nemiprabhu ne apanI sudhA - zItala vANI se yAdavoM ko isa prakAra prabodha diyA jaise candramA kumudoM ko vikasita karatA haiN| (( 10.35) / kumudoM ko khilate dekha kara bhalIbhAMti ki yAdavoM ko kaise bodha milA hogA ! nemi ko acAnaka vadhUgRha se lauTate dekhakara yAdava unake pIche aise daur3e jaise vyAdha se bhIta hariNa yUtha ke netA ke pIche bhAgate haiM ( 10.34 ) / trasta hariNoM ke upamAna se yAdavoM kI cintA, AkulatA Adi turanta vyakta ho jAtI hai / kAvya meM isa prakAra kI mArmika upamAoM kI bharamAra hai / anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai bhAvAbhivyakti ke liye kavi ne mUrta tathA amUrta donoM prakAra ke upamAnoM jisa-jisa para kRpA-dRSTi DAlI kAmAtura yuvatI apane premI kA kA samAna saphalatA se prayoga kiyA hai / rAjA ne usakA harSalakSmI ne aise AliMgana kiyA jaise

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neminAthamahAkAvya : kItirAja upAdhyAya 17. (3.6) / yahA~ kavi ne amUrta bhAva kI abhivyakti ke liye mUrta upamAna kA Azraya liyA hai| nimnAMkita padya meM mUrta ratha kI tulanA amUrta mana se kI gayI hai / nemi ke Adeza se sUta ne vadhUgRha se ratha isa prakAra mor3a liyA jaise yogI jJAna ke bala se. apanA mana bure vicAra se haTA letA hai| sUto rathaM svAminidezato'tha nivartayAmAsa vivAhagehAt / yathA gurajJAnabalena maikSu dunito yogijano manaH svam // 10.33 / utprekSA ke prayoga meM bhI kavi kA yahI kauzala dRSTigocara hotA hai / bhAvapUrNa saTIka aprastutoM se kavi ke varNana camatkRta haiN| chaThe sarga meM devAMganAoM ke tathA naveM; sarga meM rAjamatI ke saundarya-varNana ke prasaMga meM aneka anUThI utprekSAoM kA prayoga huA hai| rAjImatI ke navodita stana aise lagate the mAno usake vakSa ko bheda kara nikale hue kAma ke do kanda hoM - salAvaNyarasau yasyAH stamakumbhau sma raajtH| vakSaHsthalaM samudbhidya kAmakandAvivotthitau // 6.54 prabhAta kA nimnokta varNana rUpaka kA paridhAna pahana kara AyA hai / yahAM rAtri, timira, dizAoM tathA kiraNoM para kramazaH strI, aMjana, putrI tathA jala kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai| rAtristriyA mugdhatayA tamo'janavigdhAni kASThAtanayAmukhAnyatha / prakSAlayatpUSamayUkhapAthasA devyA vibhAtaM dadRze svatAtavat // 2.30 samudravijaya ke zaurya-varNana ke antargata prastuta paMktiyoM meM zatruoM ke vadha kA prakArAntara se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| ataH yahAM paryAyokta alaMkAra hai| raNarAtrau mahInAtha candrahAso vilokyate / viyujyate svakAntAbhyazcakravAkairivAribhiH // 7.27 jinezvara kI lokottara vilakSaNatA kA citraNa karate samaya kavi kI kalpanA atizayokti ke rUpa meM prakaTa huI hai / yahAM 'yadi' zabda ke bala se asambhava artha kI kalpanA kI gayI hai| yadyarkadugdhaM zucigorasasya prApnoti sAmyaM ca viSaM sudhAyAH / devAntaraM deva ! tadA tvadIyAM tulyAM dadhAti trijagatpradIpa // 6.35 neminAtha ke snAtrotsava ke nimnokta padya ke kAraNa tathA kArya ke bhinnabhinna sthAnoM para hone ke kAraNa asaMgati alaMkAra hai| pandhasAra-dhanasAra-vilepaM kanyakA vidadhire tdNge| kautukaM mahadidaM yadamUSAmapyanazyadakhilo khalu taapH|| 4.44 neminAthamahAkAvya meM kucha hRdayagrAhI svabhAvoktiyAM bhI prayukta huI haiN|

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya kuntaka svabhAvokti ko alaMkAra mAnane ke pakSa meM nahIM hai, kintu anya adhikatara sAhityazAstriyoM ne ise alaMkAra ke pada para pratiSThita kiyA hai| bArahaveM sarga meM vanavarNana ke antargata prayukta kItirAja kI svabhAvoktiyoM kA saMketa pahale kiyA jA cukA hai / dvitIya sarga meM gaja-prakRti kA citraNa svabhAvokti ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai / hAthI kA yaha svabhAva hai ki vaha rAta bhara gaharI nIMda sotA hai| prAtaHkAla jAgakara bhI vaha alasAI AMkhoM ko mUMde par3A rahatA hai, kintu bAra-bAra karavaTeM badala kara pAMva kI ber3I se zabda karatA hai jisase usake jAgane kI sUcanA gajapAloM ko mila jAtI hai| nidrAsukhaM samanubhUya cirAya rAtrAvuddha tazRMkhalAravaM parivayaM pArzvam / prApya prabodhamapi deva ! gajendra eSa nonmIlayatyalasanetrayugaM madAndhaH // 2.54 prabhAta-varNana ke prastuta padya meM bhramara, padminI tathA sUrya para kramaza: parapuruSa, vyabhicAriNI tathA pati ke vyavahAra kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai| ata: yaha samAsokti hai| yatra bhramaddhamaracumbitAnanAmavekSya kopAdiva mUni padimanIm / svapreyasI lohitamUrtimAvahana kaThorapAnijaghAna tApanaH // 2.42 zabdAlaMkAroM meM anuprAsa tathA yamaka ke atirikta zleSa ke prati kavi kA vizeSa moha hai / neminAthamahAkAvya meM anuprAsa kA svara, kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM, sarvatra dhvanita hai / yamaka ke prAyaH sabhI bheda kAvya meM prayukta hue haiN| pAdayamaka tathA mahAyamaka kA digdarzana Upara karAyA gayA hai| inheM chor3akara kIrtirAja ne yamaka kI aisI surucipUrNa yojanA kI hai ki usameM kliSTatA nahIM Ane paaii| Rtu-varNana vAlA aSTama sarga Adyanta yamaka se bharapUra hai| zleSa kavi ko itanA priya hai ki usane zliSTa kAvya ke praNetA ko munivat vandanIya mAnA hai / kAvya meM zleSa kA vyApaka prayoga kiyA gayA hai| neminAthamahAkAvya meM svatantra prayoga ke atirikta upamA, virodha, parisaMkhyA, Adi anya alaMkAra bhI zleSa kI bhitti para AdhArita hai| 20. nAnAzleSarasaprauDhAM hitvA kAntAM munIzvarAH / ye cAhustAdRzoM vAcaM vandanIyAH kathaM na te / vahI. 1.3. 21. zleSopamA-bANabhApitagomA yo vazepsitadarzanaH / raMgakuzalatAhArI caNDaSaNDa ivAbamau // vahI, 1.37 virodha-mandAkSasaMvRtAMgo'pi na mandAkSakurUpabhAk / sadApIDo'pi yatrAsId vipIDo mAninIjanaH / vahI, 1.16 parisaMkhyA-na mando'pi janaH ko'pi paraM mando yadi grahaH / ____ viyogo nApi dampatyoviyogastu paraM vane // vahI, 1.17

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neminAthamahAkAvya : kItirAja upAdhyAya samudravijaya tathA zivA ke isa vArtAlApa meM vRSabha, gau, vRSAMka tathA zaMkara kI bhinnArtha meM yojanA karane se vakrokti kA sundara prayoga huA hai / devaH priye ! ko vRSabho'yi ! kiM gauH ! naiva vRSAMka: ! kimu zaMkaro, n| jino nu cakrIti vadhUvarAbhyAM yo vakramuktaH sa mude jinendraH // 3.12 inake atirikta dRSTAnta, arthAntaranyAsa, sandeha, virodhAbhAsa, vyatireka, vibhAvanA, kAvyaliMga, nidarzanA, sahokti, viSama Adi alaMkAra bhI neminAthakAvya ke saundarya meM vRddhi karate haiN| chandayojanA neminAthamahAkAvya meM chandoM ke vidhAna meM zAstra kA AMzika pAlana kiyA gayA hai / isake bAraha meM se pAMca sargoM kI racanA vividha chandoM meM huI hai| zeSa sAta sargoM meM eka chanda kI pradhAnatA hai tathA sargAnta meM chanda badala jAtA hai| neminAthakAvya meM paccIsa chanda prayukta hue haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM-anuSTup, upajAti, mAlinI, upagIti, nandinI, vaitAlIya, mandAkrAntA, indravaMzA, vaMzastha, idravajrA, vasantatilakA, drutavilambita, zAlinI, svAgatA, rathoddhatA, upajAti (vaMzastha-+indravaMzA), pramitAkSarA, zArdUlavikrIDita, vibhAvarI, toTaka, viyoginI, upendra vajA, AryA, aupacchandasika tathA srgdhraa| inameM upajAti kA prayoga sabase adhika hai| neminAthamahAkAvya kI racanA kAlidAsa kI paramparA meM huI hai| dhArmika kathAnaka cuna kara bhI kItirAja ne apanI kavitvazakti, suruci tathA santulita dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa sAhitya ko aisA rocaka mahAkAvya diyA hai, jisakA saMskRta-mahAna kAvyoM meM sammAnita sthAna hai|

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4. yadusundaramahAkAvya : padamasundara tapAgaccha ke suvijJAta AcArya tathA samrATa akabara ke AdhyAtmika mitra, upAdhyAya padmasundara kA yadusundaramahAkAvya anUThI racanA hai| vivecya zatAbdiyoM meM kAlidAsa, mAgha Adi prAcIna agragaNya kaviyoM ke anukaraNa para athavA unakI samasyA pUrti ke rUpa meM to kucha kAvya likhe gaye para yadusundara eka mAtra aisA mahAkAvya hai, jisameM saMskRta-mahAkAvya-paramparA kI mahAnatA evaM tucchatA ke samanvita pratIka, zrIharSa ke naiSadha carita ko rUpAntarita (eDepTa) karane kA dussAdhya kArya kiyA gayA hai / rUpAntaraNa viSa ke samAna hai, jisase Ahata maulikatA ko pANDityapUrNa krIDAoM kI saMjIvanI se bhI punarjIvita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| padmasundara ne zrIharSa kI dRpta bahuzrutatA, kRtrima bhASA tathA jaTila zailI ke kAraNa vajravat durbhedya naiSadha carita kA upayogI rUpAntara prastuta karane kA prazaMsanIya kArya kiyA hai kintu use anekazaH apanI asAhayatA athavA naiSadha ke durdharSa AkarpaNa ke kAraNa kAvya kA saMkSepa karane ko bAdhya honA par3A hai jisase yadusundara kahIM-kahIM rUpAntara kI apekSA naiSadhacarita ke laghu saMskaraNa kA AbhAsa detA hai / yadusundara kI dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki hammIramahAkAvya ke atirikta yahI aisA jaina kAvya hai jise sAhityetara uddezya kI pUrti ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM prayukta nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isakI racanA vizuddha sAhityika bhAvanA se prerita hai| isameM mathurAdhipati yadurAja samudravijaya ke anuja vasudeva tathA vidyAdharasundarI kanakA ke vivAha tathA vivAhottara keliyoM kA varNana hai, jo prAyaH sarvatra zrIharSa kA anugAmI hai| yadusundaramahAkAvya abhI taka amudrita hai / bAraha sargoM ke isa mahattvapUrNa kAvya kI ekamAtra upalabdha hastalikhita prati (saMkhyA 2858, puNya), lAlapatabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIvidyA saMsthAna, ahamadAbAda meM surakSita hai| prastuta adhyayana 54 patroM ke isa hastalekha kI pratilipi para AdhArita hai, jo maiMne svayaM sAvadhAnI se taiyAra kI thii| saMsthAna ke tatkAlIna nidezaka, paNDita dalasukha bhAI malavaNiyA hArdika kRtajJatA ke pAtra haiM, jinhoMne yaha durlabha prati bheja kara adbhuta sAhityaniSThA tathA udAratA kA paricaya diyaa| kaviparicaya tathA racanAkAla yadusundaramahAkAvya ke praNetA upAdhyAya padmasundara zvetAmbara sampradAya ke aMzabhUta tapAgaccha ke vizruta vidvAn the| yadusundara kI puppikA meM unheM 'paNDiteza'

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padusundaramahAkAvya : padmasundara 101 vizeSaNa se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| padmasundara vastuta: tapAgaccha kI nAgapurIya (nAgorI) zAkhA ke anuyAyI the| pArzvanAthakAvya aura rAyamallAbhyudaya se tathA padusundara aura sundaraprakAzazabdArNava kI puSpikAoM se vidita hotA hai ki unheM vidvat-ziromaNi padmameru kA ziSya hone kA gaurava prApta thaa| unake praguru Anandameru mAnandarUpI udayAcala ke sAkSAt sUrya the| padmasundara una jaina sAdhuoM meM agraNI the, jinakA mugala samraT akabara se ghaniSTha sambandha thaa| dharmagoSThI ke samaya samrATa akabara ne apane pustakAlaya kA eka viziSTa granthasaMgraha AcArya hIravijaya ko bheMTa dene kA prastAva kiyA thaa| hIrasUri ke usakA prAptisrota pUchane para akabara ne sUcita kiyA thA ki yaha grantharAzi tapAgacchIya vidvAn padmasundara kI hai jo jyotiSa, vaidyaka tathA siddhAntazAstra ke kuzala paNDita the| unake divaMgata hone para hamane use surakSita rakhA hai'| padmasundara ke paravartI kavi devavimalagaNi ne apane hIrasaubhAgya meM isa ghaTanA tathA ukta grantha rAzi meM sammilita prastuta yadusundara sahita nAnA granthoM kA bAdarapUrvaka ullekha kiyA hai| hIravijaya akabara se samvat 1636 me, phatehapura 1. iti zrImannAgapurIyatapAgacchanabhomaNipaNDitottamazrIpadmameruziSyapaNDitazrI padmasundaraviracite / sundaraprakAzazabdArNava kI pusspikaa| iti zrImattapogacchanabhomaNipaNDitottamadhIpadmameruvineyapaNDitezazrIpadmasundara viracite yadusundaranAmni mahAkAvye"dvitIyaH srgH| 2. pArzvanAthakAvya, puSpikA tathA 7 / 64 AnandovayaparvatakataraNerAnandamero roH ziSyaH paNDitamaulimaNDanamaNiH zrIpadmamerurguruH / tacchiSyottamapadmasundarakaviH zrIrAyamallodayaM kAvyaM navyamidaM cakAra sakalAhavRttabhavyAMkitam // rAyamallAbhyudaya, antima prazasti, 100 3. sUrIzvara ane samrAT, pR0 120, "jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa" meM uddhRta, pR. 396, pA0 Ti0 3 4. (a) purAbhavatprItipadaM vayasyavadvizAradendumama padmasundaraH / ne yena sehe'mburuhAmivAvalI himartunA paNDitarAjagavitAm // ... hIrasaubhAgya 14.61 jagAma sa svarNimRgIdRzAM dRzAmathAtitheyoM pariNAmato vidheH / muhurmayAzoci sa vAtapAtitAjiraprarUDhAmarasAlavatibho // vahI, 14.62 idaM tadAttasamastapustakaM munIzvarA mAmanugRhya ziSyavat / yavatra pAtrapratipAdanaM nRNAM bhavAmburAzau kalazIsutIyate // vahI, 14.96

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 102 sIkarI meM mile the / nizcaya hI padmasundara kA nidhana isase pUrva ho cukA hogA / * padmasundara kA pramANasundara zAyada samvat 1632 kI racanA hai / isI AdhAra para paNDita nAthUrAma premI ne unakI mRtyu samvat 1632 tathA 1639 ke bIca mAnI hai / parantu yadusundara kI prauDhatA ko dekhate hue yaha padmasundara kI antima kRti pratIta hotI hai| hIrasaubhAgya meM jisa mArmikatA se samrAT ke bhAvocchvAsa kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai usase bhI saMketa milatA hai ki padmasundara kA nidhana eka-do varSa pUrva arthAt samvat 1637-38 (san 1580-1581 ) ke AsapAsa huA thA / akabara tathA padmasundara kI maitrI kI puSTi jaina kavi ke anya granthoM se bhI hotI hai / akabarazAhi zRMgAradarpaNa se patA calatA hai ki akabara kI sabhA meM padmasundara ko usI prakAra pratiSThita pada prApta thA, jaise jayarAja bAbara ko mAnya thA aura AnandarAya (sambhavataH Anandameru ) humAUM ko' / harSakItiracita dhAtupAThavRtti - dhAtutaraMgiNI - kI prazasti se saMketa milatA hai ki padmasundara na kevala akabara kI sabhA meM samAdRta the apitu unheM jodhapuranareza mAladeva se bhI yatheSTa sammAna prApta thA / akabara kI rAjasabhA meM kisI mahApaNDita ko parAjita karane ke upalakSya meM padmasundara ko samrAT dvArA kambala, grAma tathA pAlakI se puraskRta karane kA bhI prazasti meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai / sAheH saMsadi padmasundaragaNijitvA mahApaNDitaM kSauma-grAma- sukhAsanAdya kabarasAhito labdhavAn / hindukAdhipa mAladevanRpatermAnyo vadAbhyo'dhikaM zrImadbodhapure surepsitavacAH padmAhvayaH pAThakaH // 10 // saMvat 1625 meM, tapAgacchIya buddhisAgara se, kharatara sAdhukIrti kI, samrATa akabara kI sabhA meM, pauSadha kI carcA huI thI, jisameM sAdhukIta vijayI hue the / usa ( A ) hIrasaubhAgya, 14 / 66, svopajJaTIkA kAvyAni raghuvaMza - meghadUta - kumArasambhava-kirAta-mAgha- naiSadha-campU- kAdambarI padmananda-yavu sundarAdyAni / 5. nAthUrAma premI: jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 396 6. zRMgAradarpaNa, prazasti, 2 . 7. yaha vahI mAlaveva (san 1539-62 ) hai, jo apanI asIma mahattvAkAMkSA, adhinAyakavAdI vRtti tathA dhokhebAjI ke kAraNa kulyAta thA aura jisane san 1539 meM bIkAnera ke zAsaka jaitasiMha kA vadha kiyA thaa| Herman Goetz : Art and Architecture of Bikaner State, Oxford, 1950, P. 39-40.

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- madusundara mahAkAvya : padmasundara samaya padmasundara AgarA meM hI the, yaha jaitapadevali se spaSTa hai' / kavi ke yadusundara meM isake racanAkAla kA koI saMketa upalabdha nahIM hai / anya katipaya granthoM ke viparIta isameM prAnta prazasti kA bhI abhAva hai / abhI taka samvat 1632 meM racita pramANasundara ko padmasundara kI antima racanA mAnA jAtA rahA hai / parantu yadusundara kI prauDhatA se isake kavi kI antima kRti hone meM sandeha nahIM raha jAtA / yadi pUrvokta yukti se padmasundara kA dehAnta samvat 1637-38 meM mAnA jAe to yadusundara ko 1632 tathA 1638 ke madhyavartI kAla kI racanA mAnanA nyAyocita hogA / 1.3 1 upAdhyAya padmasundara bahumukhI vidvAn tathA Azukavi the / unhoMne samvat 1614 kI kAttika zuklA paMcamI ko bhaviSyadattacarita kI racanA sampanna kI, samvat 1615 jyeSTha zuklA paMcamI ko rAyamallAbhyudaya kA nirmANa huA aura usI varSa mArgazIrSa kI kRSNA caturdazI ko pArzvanAthakAvya pUrNa huA' arthAt lagabhaga eka varSa meM hI unhoMne tIna granthoM kI racanA karake apanI kavitva zakti kA paricaya diyA / ye tInoM grantha rAyamalla kI preraNA tathA abhyarthanA se likhe gaye " / padmasundara kA sAhitya unake rucivaividhya kA dyotaka hai / unhoMne kAvya, jyotiSa, darzana, koza Adi granthoM se sAhityika nidhi ko samRddha banAyA hai / yadusundara tathA pArzva - nAthakAvya" unake do mahAkAvya haiM / rAyamallAbhyudaya meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA vRtta nirUpita hai / jyotiSa-grantha hAyanasundara, paramatavyavacchedasyAdvAdasundaradvAtriMzikA, varamaMgalamAlikAstotra tathA rAjapraznIyanATyapadabhaMjikA kI hastapratiyA~, sTeTa lAyabrarI bIkAnera meM surakSita haiM / SaTbhASAgarbhita nemistavagAthA kI racanA chaha bhASAoM meM huI hai / isakI eka prati abhaya jaina granthAlaya, bIkAnera meM upalabdha hai / 8 zrI agaracanda nAhaTA dvArA sampAdita 'aitihAsika jaina kAvyasaMgraha' meM prakAzita, pR. 140. 6. abde vikramarAjyataH zarakalAbhRttakaM saMmite ( ? ) + mArge mAsyasite caturdazadine satsaumyavArAMkite || pArzvanAthakAvya, 7/44 tathA jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR. 366-367. 10. zuzrUSustadakArayatsukavitaH zrIpArzvanAthAhvayaM / kAvyaM vyamidaM zrutipramavadaM zrIrAyamallAhvayaH // pArzvanAthakAvya, 1 / 3 kAvyaM kAritavAna pUrva rasavadyo rAyamallodayaM jIyAdAravicandratArakamayaM zrIrAyamallAhvayaH // rAyamallAbhyudaya, 40. 11. pArzvanAthakAvya kA vivecana Age yathAsthAna kiyA jAyegA /

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya sundaraprakAzazabdArNava kozagrantha hai / isameM pAMca taraMgeM tathA 2668 padya haiM / " jambUsvAmicarita ( prAkRta), bhAratI stotra, akabarazAhizRMgAra darpaNa tathA katiyastotra Adi unakI anya jJAta racanAe~ haiM / devavimala ne svopajJa TIkA meM bhAratI stavana ke atirikta padmasundara ke 'mAlavarAgajina dhruvapada' se uddharaNa die haiM / " zRMgAra-darpaNa ke atirikta unakI prAyaH anya sabhI kRtiyAM aprakAzita haiM / kathAnaka 104 yadusundara kI kathAvastu yaduvaMzIya vasudeva tathA vidyAdhara rAjakumArI kanakA ke vivAha tathA vivAhoparAnta krIDAoM ke durbala AdhAra tantu para avalambita hai / prathama sarga kA Arambha yadukula kI rAjadhAnI mathurA ke varNana se hotA hai, jisameM use svarga se zreSTha pramANita karane kA gambhIra prayatna kiyA gayA hai / yAdavakula ke pravartaka yadu ke uttarAdhikAriyoM meM kaMsa sAkSAt rAkSasa thA / " nagaravAsI, porAMganAoM ke prati vasudeva ke ucchRMkhala vyavahAra kI zikAyata usake agraja samudravijaya se karate haiN| (purAMganAzIlaparAsanoddhatastavAnujaH saMprati sAmprataM na tat - 1.45 ) / agraja kI - bhartsanA se ruSTa hokara vasudeva deza chor3akara vidyAdharoM kI nagarI meM zaraNa letA hai / dvitIya sarga meM eka haMsa, kanakA ke mahala meM Akara 'yadukula ke gagana ke sUrya' vasudeva ke guNoM kA bakhAna karatA hai / 'vasudeva puruSoM meM nAhara hai, tU yuvatiyoM kA zRMgAra; ata: tumhArA yugala anupama hogA ' ( 2.65 ) / vasudeva kA citra dekhakara kanakA adhIra ho jAtI hai / haMsa usakI manorathapUrti kA vacana dekara ur3a jAtA hai / virahavyAkula kanakA ko, saccidAnanda se sAndra brahma ke advaita rUpa kI taraha sarvatra vasudeva dikhAI detA hai / vasudeva bhI kanakA kI anurakti kA samAcAra pAkara pulakita ho jAtA hai / tRtIya sarga ke prArambhika tetIsa padyoM meM kanakA ke vipralambha kA varNana hai | kAma ke svarNakAra ne use viyoga kI kasauTI para isa nirmamatA se ragar3A ki vaha sone kI rekhA ke samAna kSINa bana gaI / vasudeva nagara dvAra para Akara nikaTavartI udyAna kA varNana karatA hai / tabhI dhanapati kubera vahAM Akara vasudeva ko kanakA ke pAsa, usakA praNayanivedana karane ke lie dUta banakara jAne ko prerita karatA hai / vasudeva asamaMjasa meM par3a jAtA hai / 'jo mere meM anurakta hai, usa kanakA ko yaha mere dvArA hI prApta karanA cAhatA haiN| jisakA smaraNa mAtra mujhe udbhrAnta aura mUcchita kara detA hai, usake sAmane bhAvoM ko chipAnA kaise sambhava hogA' ? kubera ke prabhAva 12. anekAnta, varSa 4, aMka 8. 13. hIrasaubhAgya, 11.135, TIkA- 'jinavacanapaddhatirukticaM gimamAlinI' iti padmasundara kRtamAlavarAga jinadhruvapade / 14. svavaMzavidhvaMsanRzaMsakauNapaH / yadusundara 1.32

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yadusundaramahAkAvya : padmasundara 105 se vaha, adRzya rUpa meM, beroka antaHpura meM pahuMca jAtA hai (bhavatu tanuH parairalakSyA3.72) / vahAM vaha vAstavika rUpa meM prakaTa hokara kubera ke pUrvarAga kI vedanA kA hRdayasparzI varNana karatA hai aura kanakA ko usakA varaNa karane ke lie prerita karatA hai (zrIdaM pati nanu vRNuSva pativare svam--3.147) / vaha usake vAgchala se khinna ho jAtI hai jisase usane apanA paricaya na dekara dhanapati ke dautya kA nirvAha kiyA hai / kanakA kI sakhI dUta ko batAtI hai ki ise vasudeva ke sivAya koI puruSa pasanda nahIM hai, bhale hI vaha devarAja indra ho / 15 dUta use devoM kI zakti tathA svarga ke sukhoM kA lAlaca dekara, kubera kI ora unmukha karane kA prayatna karatA hai / kanakA aDiga rahatI hai| dUta dhanAdhipati ko chor3a kara sAdhAraNa puruSa kA varaNa karane ke usake nizcaya kI bAlizatA kI kar3I bhartsanA karatA hai / kanakA vyathita hokara apane bhAgya ko dhikkAratI hai aura rone laga jAtI hai / usakI avicala niSThA" aura karuNAlApa se dUta dravita ho jAtA hai aura vaha dautya ko bhUla kara sambhramavaza apanA yathArtha paricaya de datA hai| bhrama miTane para use pazcAttApa avazya hotA hai para use apane hRdaya kI zuddhatA para vizvAsa hai / pati ko sAkSAt dekhakara kanakA 'lajjA ke sindhu' meM DUba gyii| vasudeva vApisa Akara kubera ko vAstavikatA se avagata kara detA hai / caturtha sarga meM devatA, vibhinna dvIpoM ke adhipati aura pRthvI ke dRpta evaM pratApI zAsaka kanakA ke svayaMvara meM Ate haiN| kubera kI aMgUThI pahanane se vasudeva bhI kubera ke samAna pratIta hone lagA aura sabhA ko do kuberoM kA bhrama ho gayA / vetradhAriNI kanakA ko sarvaprathama devatAoM kI sabhA meM le gaI, kintu vaha unheM chor3a kara tatkAla Age bar3ha gii| sarga ke zeSa bhAga tathA paMcama sarga meM vetradhAriNI dasa Agantuka rAjAoM kA kramika paricaya detI haiM jisameM unake guNoM aura parAkrama ko adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai / chaThe sarga meM vAstavika kubera tathA kubera rUpadhArI vasudeva kA varNana hai| rUpasAmya ke kAraNa kanakA ulajhana meM par3a jAtI hai / aMgUThI utArane se vasudeva kA yathArtha rUpa prakaTa ho jAtA hai| kanakA mAlA DAla kara usakA varaNa karatI hai| saptama sarga meM kramaza: kanakA tathA vasudeva kI vivAhapUrva sajjA kA varNana hai / vasudeva sUrya kI taraha azva para baiThakara vadhUgRha ko prasthAna karatA hai / yahIM nau padyoM meM (74-82) use dekhane ko lAlAyita paurAMganAoM ke sambhrama kA citraNa hai / kanakA kA pANigrahaNa, vivAhottara bhoja tathA navavadhU kI vidAI aSTama sarga kA viSaya hai / SaDRtu varNana para AdhArita navama 15. eSA nRdeva vasudevapati vinAnyaM nAzaMsate hi maghavaMtamapi pratIhi / vahI, 3.156. 16. saure'vadhUya sakalaM tava pAdapadmakoze'linIva kRpaNA kila tasthuSIyam / vahI, 3.182.

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106 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya sarga citrakAvya ke camatkAra se paripUrNa hai jisase prakRti pRSThabhUmi meM calI gayI hai| dasaveM sarga meM ariSTapura kI rAjakumArI rohiNI svayaMvara meM anya rAjAoM ko chor3akara, vidyAbala se pracchanna vasudeva kA varaNa karatI hai jisase unameM yuddha Thana jAtA hai| pratidvandvI rAjAoM kI parAjaya ke bAda magadharAja kI preraNA se samudravijaya, gupta vasudeva ko lalakAratA hai para use bhI muMha kI khAnI par3atI hai / bandI se vasudeva kI vAstavikatA jAnakara samudravijaya ke Ananda kA ora-chora nahIM rahatA / gyArahaveM sarga meM navadampatI ke mathurA meM Agamana tathA sambhoga-krIDA kA varNana hai / bArahaveM sarga meM sandhyA, candrodaya tathA prabhAta ke paramparAgata varNana ke sAtha kAvya samApta ho jAtA hai| yadusundara kI racanA yadyapi naiSadha kA saMkSipta rUpAntaraNa karane ke lie kI gayI hai tathApi ghaTanAoM ke saMyojana meM padmasundara apanI sImAoM aura uddezya donoM ko bhUla gae haiM / unakI dRSTi meM svayaMvara kAvya kI sabase mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA hai / kAvya ke cauthAI bhAga kA svayaMvara-varNana para kSaya karane kA yahI kAraNa ho sakatA hai / nissandeha yaha usake Adarza bhUta naiSadhacarita ke atyadhika prabhAva kA phala hai| pAMca sargoM kA svayaMvara.varNana (10-14) naiSadha ke virATa kalevara meM phira bhI kisI prakAra khapa jAtA hai / yadusundara meM, cAra sargoM (4-6, 10) meM, svayaMvara kA anupAtahIna varNana kavi kI kathAvimukhatA kI parikASThA hai| antima sarga ko navadampatI kI kAmakeliyoM kA uddIpana bhI mAna liyA jAe, naveM sarga kA RtuvarNana kAvyazAstrIya niyamoM kI khAnApUrti ke lie kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai / dasaveM sarga meM rohiNI ke svayaMvara kA citraNa sarvathA anAvazyaka hai| yaha vasudeva ke raNazaurya ko ujAgara karane kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai, jo mahAkAvya ke nAyaka ke lie Avazyaka hai| ye sabhI sarga kathAnaka ke svAbhAvika avayava na hokara balAt cipakAye gae pratIta hote haiM / inhoMne kAvya kA AdhA bhAga har3apa liyA hai / yadusundara kA mUla kathAnaka zeSa chaha sargoM taka sImita hai| padmasundara ko prApta zrIharSa kA dAya : yadusundara tathA naiSadhacarita naiSadhacarita kI pANDityapUrNa jaTilatA tathA zailI kI kliSTatA ke kAraNa uttaravartI kavi usakI ora usa taraha pravRtta nahIM hue jaise unhoMne kAlidAsa athavA mAgha ke dAya ko grahaNa kiyA hai| padmasundara naiSadhacarita ke guNoM (?) para mugdha the para usakA vizAla AkAra unake liye dussAdhya thaa| ataH unhoMne yadusundara meM naiSadha kA svatantra alpAkAra saMskaraNa prastuta karane kA gambhIra udyoga kiyA hai / kathAnaka kI parikalpanA aura viniyoga meM padmasundara zrIharSa ke itane adhika RNI haiM ki yadusundara ko, bhinna pAtroM se yukta, naiSadha kI praticchAyA kahanA anucita na

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yadusundaramahAkAvya : padmasundara hogA / 107 yadusundara ke prathama sarga meM yaduvaMza kI rAjadhAnI, mathurA, kA varNana naiSadhacarita ke dvitIya sarga meM vidarbha kI rAjadhAnI kuNDinapura ke varNana se prerita hai / zrIharSa ne nagara varNana ke dvArA kAvyazAstrIya niyamoM ko udAhRta kiyA hai, mathurA ke sAmAnya varNana meM usakI svarga se zreSThatA pramANita karane kI pravRtti lakSita hotI hai / agraja samudravijaya kI bhartsanA ke phalasvarUpa vasudeva kA mathurA chor3akara vidyAdharanagarI meM zaraNa lenA ( 145 - 70) naiSadha ke prathama sarga meM nala ke upavana - vihAra (1.76 - 116 ) kA samAnAntara mAnA jA sakatA hai, yadyapi donoM ke uddezya tathA kAraNa bhinna haiM / dvitIya sarga meM naiSadhacarita ke do sargoM (3,7 ) ko rUpAntarita kiyA gayA hai / kanakA kA saundarya citraNa spaSTataH damayantI ke nakha - zikha varNana ( saptama sarga) para AdhArita tathA usase atyadhika prabhAvita hai / zrIharSa kI bhAMti padmasundara ne bhI rAjakumArI ke vibhinna aMgoM kA ekAdhika padyoM meM varNana karane kI paddhati grahaNa kI hai parantu usakA varNana saMkSipta tathA kramabhaMga se dUSita hai hAlA~ki yaha naiSadha kI zabdAvalI se bharapUra hai / sarga ke uttarArddha meM haMsa kA dautya naiSadha ke tRtIya sarga ke samAnAntara prasaMga kA anugAmI hai / donoM kAvyoM meM haMsa ko, nAyikA ko nAyaka ke prati anurakta karane kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA sauMpI gayI hai jisake phalasvarUpa vaha apane premI ke sAnnidhya ke liye adhIra ho jAtI hai| donoM kAvyoM meM haMsoM ke tarka samAna haiM tathA ve antataH nAyakoM ko dautya kI saphalatA se avagata karate haiM / tRtIya sarga meM padmasundara ne naiSadhacarita ke pUre pAMca vizAlakAya sargoM ko saMkSipta karane kA ghanaghora parizrama kiyA hai / kanakA ke pUrva rAga ke citraNa para damayantI ke vipralambha-varNana (caturtha sarga ) kA itanA gaharA prabhAva hai ki isameM zrIharSa ke bhAvoM kI lagabhaga usI kI zabdAvalI meM, AvRtti karake santoSa kara liyA gayA hai / zrIharSa ne kAvyAcAryoM dvArA nirdhArita vibhinna zArIrika tathA manovaijJAnika viraha-dazAoM kA varNana kiyA hai / padmasundara kA varNana isa pravRtti se mukta hai tathA vaha kevala 47 padyoM taka sImita hai / zrIharSa ke isa moTipha kA paravartI sAhitya para dUragAmI prabhAva par3A hai / yadusundara meM nArada Adi divya vyaktitva ke liye sthAna nahIM hai / yahAM kubera svayaM Akara vasudeva ko dautya ke liye bhejatA hai / dUtakarma svIkAra karane se pUrva vasudeva ko vahI AzaMkAeM mathita karatI haiM ( 3.57 - 70 ) jinase nala pIDita hai ( naiSadha0 5.66 - 137 ) / dUta kA mahala meM, adRzya rUpa meM praveza tathA vahAM usakA AcaraNa donoM kAvyoM meM samAna rUpa se varNita hai" / zrIharSa ne chaThe sarga kA adhikatara bhAga damayantI ke sabhAgRha, dUtI kI uktiyoM tathA damayantI ke samartha pratyuttara 17. yadusundara, 3.72-114; naiSadhacarita, 6.8-44 /

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108 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya (6.58-110) para vyaya kara diyA hai; padmasundara ne samAna prabhAva tathA adhika spaSTatA ke sAtha use mAtra caubIsa padyoM meM nibaddha kiyA hai| agale 47 padyoM se pariveSTita tRtIya sarga kA aMza naiSadha ke AThaveM sarga kA pratirUpa hai / dUta kA Agamana, kanakA dvArA usakI stuti, apane paricaya ke viSaya meM usakA vAgchala tathA usakA rAjakumArI ko kubera kA varaNa karane ko prerita karanA naiSadha kA anugAmI hai| kubera ke pUrva rAga kA varNana (3.122-41) naiSadha ke AThaveM sarga meM dikpAloM kI viraha vedanA kI pratidhvani mAtra hai. (8.64-108) / antima sATha padya naiSadha ke navama sarga kA laghu saMskaraNa prastuta karate haiN| unameM viSayavastu kI bhinnatA nahIM haiM aura bhASA tathA zailI meM paryApta sAmya hai / dUta kA apanA bheda surakSita rakhane kA prayatna, nAyikA kA usakA nAma-dhAma jAnane kA Agraha tathA dUta ke prastAva ko ThukarAnA, nAyikA ke karuNa vilApa se dravita hokara dUta kA Atma-paricaya denA---. ye samUcI ghaTanAeM donoM kAvyoM meM paDhI jA sakatI haiN| zrIharSa ko isa saMvAda kI preraNA kumArasambhava ke paMcama sarga se milI hogii| vahAM bhI ziva bhesa badala kara Ate haiM aura anta meM apanA vAstavika rUpa prakaTa karate haiN| naiSadhacarita tathA yadusundara meM damayantI aura kanakA dUta kI uktiyoM kA muMha-tor3a javAba detI haiM jabaki pArvatI ke pAsa baTu ke tarko kA samartha uttara kevala yahI hai-na kAmavRttivaMcanIyamIkSate (kumAra0 5.82) / kAlidAsa ke umA-baTu-saMvAda meM manovaijJAnika mAmikatA hai / zrIharSa aura padmasundara isa komala prasaMga meM bhI citrakAvya ke gorakhadhandhe meM phaMse rahate haiN| unheM rotI huI damayantI tathA kanakA aisI dikhAI detI haiM, jaise ve AMsU girA kara 'saMsAra' ko 'sasAra' tathA 'dAMta' ko 'dAta' banAtI huI binducyutaka kAvya kI racanA kara rahI hoM / padmasundara ke svayamvara-varNana para naiSadha kA prabhAva spaSTa hai / zrIharSa kA svayamvara-varNana alaukikatA kI poM meM dabA huA hai| usameM pRthvItala ke zAsakoM ke atirikta devoM, nAgoM, yakSoM, gandhoM Adi kA vizAla jamaghaTa hai / Agantuka pratyAziyoM kA vivaraNa dene ke liye vahAM vAgdevI kI niyukti varNana kI kAlpanikatA kA saMketa hai| zrIharSa ne pUre pAMca sargoM (10-14) meM jamakara svayaMvara kA varNana kiyA hai / yadusundara kA varNana bhI isake samAna hI kathAnaka ke pravAha meM avarodha paidA karatA hai / padmasundara ne naiSadha meM varNita bAraha rAjAoM meM se dasa ko yathAvat grahaNa kiyA hai, para vaha naiSadha kI bhA~ti atimAnavIya 18. yadusundara, 3.150-157; naiSadhacarita, 6.27-32 / 16. sasAramAtmanA tanoSi saMsAramasaMzayaM ytH| naiSadha0, 6-104 / tadvinducyutakamazrujabindupAtAnmAM dAMtameva kimu dAtamalaMkaroSi / yadusundara, 3.190 /

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yavusundaramahAkAvya : padmasundara 106 karma nahIM hai yadyapi usameM bhI devoM, gandharvoM Adi kA nirbhrAnta saMketa milatA hai / varNana kI laukika prakRti ke anurUpa padmasundara ne abhyAgata rAjAoM kA paricaya deve kA kArya kanakA kI sakhI ko sauMpA hai, jo kAlidAsa kI sunandA ke adhika nikaTa hai / zrIharSa ne raghuvaMza ke chaThe sarga ke indumatI svayamvara kI sajIvatA ko vikRta banA kara use eka rUDhi kA rUpa de diyA hai| sAtaveM sarga meM varavadhU kA vivAha pUrva AhArya-prasAdhana naiSadha ke pandrahaveM sarga kA, bhAva, bhASA tathA ghaTanAkrama meM, itanA RNI hai ki use zrIharSa ke prAsaMgika varNana kI pratimUrti kahanA sarvathA ucita hogA / kahanA na hogA, naiSadha kA yaha varNana svayaM kumArasambhava ke saptama sarga para AdhArita hai jahAM isI prakAra varavadhU ko sajAyA jA rahA hai / vivAha-saMskAra tathA vivAhottara sahabhoja ke varNana (aSTama sarga) meM padmasundara ne apane zabdoM meM naiSadha ke solahaveM sarga kI AvRtti mAtra kara dI hai / naiSadha ke samAna isameM bhI bArAtiyoM aura pariveSikAoM kA hAsa-parihAsa bahudhA amaryAdita hai / kheda hai, padmasundara ne apanI pavitratAvAdI vRtti ko bhUla kara ina azlIlatAoM ko bhI kAvya meM sthAna diyA hai / agale do sarga naiSadha se svatantra haiM / antima do sarga, jinameM kramazaH ratikrIDA aura sandhyA, candrodaya Adi ke varNana haiM, naiSadha ke atyadhika RNI haiM / kAlidAsa, kumAradAsa tathA zrIharSa ke atirikta padmasundara hI aisA kavi hai jisane varavadhU ke prathama samAgama kA varNana kiyA hai / svayaM zrIharSa kA varNana kumArasambhava aSTama sarga se prabhAvita hai / zrIharSa ne kAlidAsa ke bhAvoM ko hI nahIM, rathoddhatA chanda ko bhI grahaNa kiyA hai / yadusundara ke gyArahaveM sarga meM bhI yahI chanda prayukta kiyA gayA hai / bArahaveM sarga kA candrodaya Adi kA varNana, naiSadha kI taraha (sarga 21 ) navadampatI ke sambhoga ke liye samucita vAtAvaraNa nirmita karatA hai / isameM bhI zrIharSa ke bhAvoM tathA zabdAvalI kI kamI nahIM hai / vastutaH kAvya meM maulikatA ke nAma para bhASA hai, yadyapi usameM bhI zrIharSa kI bhASA kA gaharA puTa hai / padmasundara kI kAvyapratimA naiSadhacarita ke isa sarvavyApI prabhAva ke kAraNa padmasundara ko maulikatA kA zreya denA anyAya hogA / yadusundara meM jo kucha hai, vaha prAyaH saba zrIharSa kI pU~jI hai / phira bhI ise sAmAnyataH padmasundara kI 'maulika' racanA mAna kara kavi kI kAvyapratibhA kA mUlyAGkana kiyA jA sakatA hai / padmasundara ke pArzvanAthakAvya meM pracAravAdI kavi kA jo bimba ubharatA hai, vaha camatkAravAdI yaha spaSTataH naiSadha ke atizaya prabhAva kA pariNAma hai / granthi ' se kAvya ko jaTila banAnA nahIM hai parantu usakA svara mukhara hai para yadusundara AlaMkArika kA bimba hai / padmasundara kA uddezya ' grantha kAvya naiSadha kI mUlavRtti

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110 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya tathA kAvyarUr3hiyoM se zUnya nahIM hai / padmasundara ko zrIharSa kI taraha zRMgArakalA kA kavi mAnanA to ucita nahIM hai, na hI vaha kAmazAstra kA adhyayana karane ke bAda kAvya-racanA meM pravRtta huA hai para jisa muktatA se usane vivAhottara bhoja meM bArAtiyoM ke hAsa-parihAsa aura navadampatI kI sambhogakeli kA varNana kiyA hai, vaha usakI rativizAradatA kA nizcita saMketa hai| kanakA kA nakha-zikha-varNana (2-1-47) bhI usakI kAmazAstra meM pravINatA ko bimbita karatA hai / aSTama sarga kA jyonAra-varNana to khullamakhullA maryAdA kA ullaMghana hai| usake antargata bArAtiyoM aura pariveSikAoM kI kucha ceSTAe~ bahuta phUhar3a aura azlIla haiM / 20 zrIharSa ke samAna ina azlIlatAoM ko padmasundara kI vilAsitA kA dyotaka mAnanA to zAyada ucita nahIM para ye usakI pavitratAvAdI dhArmika vRtti para karArA vyaMgya hai, isameM do mata nahIM ho skte| rasacitraNa .. AdarzabhUta naiSadhacarita kI bhAti yadusundara kA aMgI rasa zrRMgAra hai| padmasundara ko nava rasoM kA paramparAgata vidhAna mAnya hai (navarasanilayaH ko nu sauhityameti-2-83) para vaha zRMgAra kI sarvoccatA para mugdha hai / usakI paribhASA meM zrRMgAra kI tulanA meM anya rasa tuccha haiM (anyarasAtizAyI zRMgAra: 6-53) / zAnta rasa ko to usane jar3atA kA janaka mAnakara usakI khillI ur3AyI hai (zAntarasaikamandadhI: 4-41) / yadusundara meM yadyapi zRMgAra ke saMyoga tathA viprayoga donoM pakSoM kA vyApaka citraNa milatA hai kintu kathAnaka kI prakRti ke anurUpa isameM vipralambha ko adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| tRtIya sarga meM kanakA aura kubera ke pUrvarAga kA varNana hai, jo kramazaH naiSadha ke caturtha tathA aSTama sarga kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| nirAza kanakA kI vipralambhoktiyA~ bhI isI sarga meM samAhita haiN| isa prakAra yadyapi yadusundara meM viprayoga zRMgAra kA kaI sthaloM para citraNa hai kintu kavi ne, zrIharSa ke pagacihnoM para cala kara usa para kalpanAzIlatA kI itanI moTI 20. anyaH sphuTasphaTikacatvarasaMsthitAyAstavyA varAMgamanubimbitamIkSamANaH / sAmAjikeSu nayanAMcalasUcanena sAMhAsinaM sphuttmciikrdcchhaasH|| yadusundara, .37 vRttaM nidhAya nijabhojane'sau (?) sanmodakadvayamatIva purHsthitaayaaH| saMdhAya vakSasi dRzaM karamardanAni cakre trapAnatamukhI sumukhI babhUva // vahI, 8.52 prAgarthayannikRta eSa vilAsavatyA tatsaMmukhaM viTapatiH sa bhujikriyAyAm / / kSiptvAMgulIH svavadane nanu mArjitAvalehApadezata iyaM parito'nunItA // vahI, 8.54

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yadusundaramahAkAvya : padmasundara 111 parte car3hA dI haiM ki vipralambha kI vedanA kA AbhAsa taka nahIM hotaa| samUcA vipralambha-varNana UhoktiyoM kA saMkalana-sA pratIta hotA hai| aise komala prasaMgoM meM kAlidAsa tIvra bhAvodreka karatA hai para padmasundara saMvedanA se zUnya pratIta hotA hai / usa para apanI nAyikA kI viraha vedanA kA koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| use rotI kanakA AMsU girA kara 'dAnta' ko 'dAta' banAtI tathA prema kAvya kI racanA karatI pratIta hotI hai / 21 nissandeha yaha naiSadha kA rUpAntaraNa karane kI vivazatA kA pariNAma hai para ina kliSTa kalpanAoM aura hathakaNDoM ke kAraNa hI usakA vipralambhacitraNa niSprANa tathA prabhAvazUnya banA hai| usameM sahRdaya bhAvuka ke mAnasa ko chUne kI kSamatA nahIM hai, bhale hI kanakA krandana karatI rahe yA apane bhAgya ko kosatI rhe| eka-do udAharaNoM se padmasundara ke vipralambha-citraNa kI paddhati kA AbhAsa mila skegaa| kanakA kI virahajanya kSINatA kA varNana karane ke liye kavi ne kaI kalpanAe~ kI haiM para ve itanI dUrArUDha tathA nIrasa haiM ki pAThaka ko usakI vyathA kA lezamAtra bhI anubhava nahIM hotaa| zilpI kAma ne kanakA ke zarIra ko priyaviyoga kI kasauTI para tIvra vyathA se aise ragar3A ki vaha sone kI kSINa rekhA bana gayI hai / rUpaka aura utprekSA ke jAla meM phaMsa kara varNya bhAva adRzya-sA ho gayA hai| .. viSamabANakalAdakalAvatA priyviyogksssphuttsaakssinnii| kanakarAjiriyaM kanakAtanuH kimudapAdi mahAdhinigharSaNaH / 3-2 usa sundarI ke zarIra kI nagarI aneka zAsakoM ke adhikAra meM hai| kAma, yauvana aura vasudeva saba usa para rAjya kara rahe haiN| ve sabhI kara vasUlane meM kaThora haiM / becArI kanakA ne aMgalAvaNya dekara rAjakIya vidhAna kI pAlanA kI hai / phalataH usakI apanI pUMjI bahuta kama raha gayI hai / vaha kRzodarI aura kRza bana gyii| ... madanayauvanavRSNijazAsanAM bahunRpAM sutanornu tanUpurIm / tanurucA karadAnatayA jahuH kimajaniSTa kRzA nu kRzodarI // 3.22. ___ kucha kalpanAe~ bahuta anUThI haiN| yadi zarIra meM choTA-sA bAla bhI cubha jAe, usase bhI pIr3A hotI hai| kanakA kI vedanA kA anumAna karanA kaThina hai kyoMki usake komala hRdaya meM choTA-moTA bAla nahIM, vizAlakAya pahAr3a (bhUbhRt - rAjAvasudeva) ghusa gayA hai| isa kalpanA kA sArA saundarya zleSa para AdhArita hai| 'padmasundara kI yaha kalpanA naiSadha ke eka padya kI praticchAyA hai| para padmasundara ne 21. yadusundara, kramazaH 3.160 tathA 174 22. nivizate yadi zUkazikhA pade sRjati sA kiyatImiva na vyathAm / mRdutanovitanotu kathaM na tAmavanibhRttu pravizya hRdi sthitaH // naiSadha0, 4.11

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 112 'bhUbhRt' ko samasta pada meM DAlakara kalpanA ke saundarya aura kAvyAtmaka prabhAva ko naSTa kara diyA hai / ataH mUla kI bhA~ti yaha nAyikA kI vyathA kI vyaMjanA nahIM karA sakatI / tanutanUruhajavyadhato vyathA bhavati tatra vilAsavatIhRdi / yadujabhUmRdasau sthitimAzrayadyadUta bAdhata eva kimadbhutam // 3.12 naiSadhacarita meM virahatapta damayantI malayAnila se prArthanA karatI hai ki tU mere marane ke bAda merI bhasma usa dizA meM bikhera denA jahAM merA priyatama rahatA hai / malayAnila bhI saMtApa dene ke kAraNa usakI zatru hai para sArA vaira mRtyu ke sAtha samApta ho jAtA hai / vaise bhI vaha sabhya hai kyoMki vaha dakSiNa dizA se baha kara A rahI hai / padmasundara ne isa kalpanA ko bhI apane sAMce meM DhAlane kA prayatna kiyA hai para pUrvoddhRta padya kI taraha isakA bhI prabhAva samApta ho gayA hai / prANA viyoga dahanajvaladUSare'sminmAnmAna se dhRtiraho pratibhAti kiM vaH / matprANanAthadizamapyanilA bhavantaH saMzliSya tanmama januH phalinaM vidhaddhvam / / 3.178 arI merI prANavAyu ! tuma virahAgni se saMtapta mere mAnasa ke Usara meM kyoM duHkha jhela rahI ho / yadi tuma usa dizA ko chU sako, jahAM merA priyatama rahatA hai to maiM kRtArtha ho jaauuNgii| priya ke viyoga meM jIne kI apekSA mauta kahIM acchI hai / nimnokta padya kanakA ke viraha kI tIvratA ko adhika prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se vyakta karatA hai / vaha hRdaya meM dhadhakatI viraha kI jvAlA ko zAnta karane ke liye vakSa para sarasa kamala rakhanA cAhatI hai, para isase pUrva ki vaha kamala usake aMgoM kA sparza kare, usakI garma AhoM se jalakara bIca meM aura vaha use pare pheMka detI hai / kalpanA sacamuca bahuta asAhayatA kI parAkASThA hai / kahanA na hogA, yaha kalpanA bhI naiSadhacarita se lI yI hai / hI rAkha ho jAtA manorama hai / yaha 24. 23. na kAkuvAkyairativAmamaMgajaM dviSatsu yAce pavanaM tu dakSiNam / dizApi madbhasma kiratvayaM tathA priyo yayA vaM ravidhirvadhAvadhiH // vahI, 6.63 tulanA kIjiye : yaha tana jArauM chAra hU~, kahA~ ki pavana uDAya / maku tehi mAraga uDi pare, kaMta dharai jehi pAya // padmAvata 24. smarahutAzanadIpitayA tayA bahu muhuH sarasaM sarasIruham / zrayitumardhapathe kRtamantarA zvasitanirmitamamaM ramujjhitam // naiSadha, 4.26

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madusundaramahAkAvya : padmasundara virahadAhazamAya gRhANa nijakareNa srojmurojyoH| vratamapi zvasitoSmasamIraNAvajani murmura ityajahAttataH // 3.21 yadusundara ke gyArahaveM sarga meM sambhoga zrRMgAra kA madhura citra dikhAI detA hai / yadyapi yaha varNana kAlidAsa tathA zrIharSa ke prAsaMgika varNanoM se prerita hai, para isameM unhIM kI bhAMti sambhogakrIr3A kA manovaijJAnika citraNa kiyA gayA hai / lajIlI navavadhU samaya bItane ke sAtha-sAtha ratikeli meM kaise anukUla banatI jAtI hai, padmasundara ne isakA hRdayagrAhI aMkana kiyA haiM / bhAvasandhi kA yaha citra navoDhA ke lajjA tathA kAma ke dvandva kI sazakta abhivyakti hai| sthAtumenamanirIkSya nAdadAtsabhravo ratipatinaM ca trpaa| vIkSituM varayitaryyanArataM tadRzau vidadhaturgatAgatam // 11.45 nimnokta padya ratikeli kA dUsarA dhruva prastuta karatA hai| prAtaHkAla vasudeva ke aghara para dantacihna dekhakara navoDhA kanakA haMsa pdd'ii| haMsI kA kAraNa pUchane para usane pati ke sAmane darpaNa rakha diyaa| isa taraha cupa raha kara bhI usane rAta kA sArA dRzya ujAgara kara diyaa| taM ca kokanadacumbiSaTpadazrIdharaM tadadharaM vilokya saa| sismiye smitanidAnapRcchakaM pratyuvAca muMkurArpaNAtkare // 11.75 kAvya meM anyatra sAttvika bhAvoM (6.63-66) tayA pazu-pakSiyoM kI kAmakrIr3AoM (6.8.11) kA bhI nirUpaNa hai| pazu-pakSiyoM kI zrRMgAra-ceSTAe~ rasAbhAsa kI koTi meM AtI haiN| yadusundara meM vIrarasa kI bhI kaI sthaloM para niSpatti huI hai| dasaveM sarga kA yuddha-varNana do kaur3I kA hai / yaha vIrarasacitraNa meM kavi kI kuzalatA kI apekSA usake citrakAvyaprema ko adhika vyakta karatA hai| mAgha Adi se saMketa pAkara usane citrakAvya kA aisA cakravyUha khar3A kiyA hai ki vIrarasa kA yoddhA usameM phaMsa kara kheta raha gayA hai| vaise bhI isa varNana meM vIrarasa ke nAma para vIrarasAtmaka rUr3hiyoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, jo taba taka sAhitya meM gaharI jama cukI thiiN| isameM dvandvayuddhoM, siMhagarjanAoM tathA kabandhoM ke bhayajanaka nRtyoM, svarga se puSpavRSTi, dundubhinAda Adi ko (10.35.38,58 Adi) hI vIrarasa kA sthAnApanna mAna liyA gayA hai| ina rUr3hiyoM kI apanI paramparA hai para ye yuddha ke sthUla, lagabhaga upekSaNIya, aMga haiM / ye yoddhAoM ke parAkrama kI mArmika vyaMjanA karane meM asamartha haiM, jo vIrarasa kA prANa hai| caturtha tayA paMcama sarga meM abhyAgata rAjAoM ke parAkrama ke varNana meM vIrarasa ke kucha viSa sundara tathA prabhAvazAlI haiN| ve bahudhA zrIharSa ke varNanoM para AdhArita haiN| zrIharSa kI taraha padmasundara kA vIrarasa daravArI kaviyoM kA 'Tipikala vIrarasa' hai

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114 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya jisameM atizayokti aura zabdacchaTA kA ADambara dikhAI detA hai| hAlAMki padmasundara svayaM darabArI kavi nahIM the kintu ve sambhavata: rAjadarabAroM se samparka ke - kAraNa usa rUDhi ke prabhAva se nahIM baca sake / sAketanareza kI vIratA ke varNana vAle isa padya meM vIrarasa kI yahI pravRtti milatI hai / etadordaNDacaNDadyutikaranikaratrAsitArAtirAja tasthau yAvadvizaMko dra makusumalatAkuMjapuMje nilIya / vIkSyai tannAmadheyAMkitanizitazaradhvastapaMcAnanAsyo dbhUtAzaMkaM karaMkaM vrajatu vivazadhIH kAM dizaM kAMdizIkaH / / 4.62 isI prasaMga kA nimnAMkita padya naiSadhacaritra para AdhArita hai, parantu upayukta rUpaka ke prabhAva ke kAraNa isameM mUla kI mArmikatA surakSita nahIM raha sakI / isameM sAketarAja kI kIrti ko gaMgA mAnA gayA hai, jo gaMgA aura yaza kI ujjvalatA kI dRSTi se upayukta hai / kintu talavAra ko yamunA kA pratinidhi mAnanA vicitra - sA lagatA hai / donoM meM yadyapi varNasAmya hai para isase abhISTa bhAva kI abhivyakti nahIM hotI / zrIharSa kI bhAMti zatru kI akIti para yamunA kA Aropa karanA kAvyasaundarya kI dRSTi se adhika vivekapUrNa hotA / gaMgA aura yamunA ke isa saMgama meM snAna karake (marakara) zatru usI prakAra svarga meM surAMganAoM kA bhoga karate haiM jaise puNyAtmA saMgama snAna ke phalasvarUpa svargika sukha prApta karate haiM / yahAM sAketanareza kI vIratA ke saMcArI rUpa meM rAjanyavIroM kA devAMganAoM ke sAtha suratakrIDA kA zRMgArI citra prayukta huA hai| etaddordvayakIrtidevasaritAdhArA jalazyAmalA afrateravAlikA samagamadveNotraye tatra ca / dInadveSisarasvatImilitayA rAjanyavIravrajaiH snAtvAkAri surAMganAsuratakrIDArasodvelanam // 4.61 hAsyarasa ke eka-do udAharaNa aSTama sarga meM bArAtiyoM ke hAsa-parihAsa meM milate haiM / vidyAdhararAja ne bArAtiyoM se ThiTholI karane ke lie unake Age kucha nakalI ratna rakhe / eka bArAtI ke sphUrti se unheM uThAte hI darzakoM kI haMsI kA phavvArA chUTa gayA / satyetarANi pRthagapyupadAkRtAni ratnAni lAMtu gaditA iti kUkudena / seteSvarthaka iha kUTamaNigrahItA pazyaM rahasyata sa ityahahAsya dAkSyam / / 8.64. prakRticitraNa dusundara meM mukhyata: do sthaloM para prakRti kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| bArahaveM sarga kA sandhyA evaM candrodaya aura prabhAta kA varNana naiSadhacarita ke kramaza: bAIsaveM

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basundaramahAkAvya : padmasundara tathA unnIsaveM sargoM se itanA prabhAvita hai ki ise zrIharSa ke pUrvokta sargoM kA sAra kahA jA sakatA hai| naveM sarga kA SaDRtu varNana naiSadha se svataMtra hai para isa para mAgha kA gaharA prabhAva dikhAI detA hai / padmasundara kI prakRti, naiSadha kI taraha, viyoga yA saMyoga kI uddIpanagata prakRti hai| tRtIya sarga kA upavana-varNana (35-44), jo maiSadha ke prathama sarga ke upavanacitraNa (76-119) kA samAnAntara hai, vasudeva kI birahavedanA ko bhar3akAtA hai| virahI vasudeva ko campe kI kaliyAM kAma kI senA kI dIpikAeM dikhAI par3atI haiM (3.36) / Ama kA vizAla vRkSa, maMjarI kI aMgulI se tarjanA karatA huA, bhramaroM kI huMkAra se use dhamakAtA hai (3.36) / ketakI biyogiyoM ke hRdayoM ko cIrane vAlI ArI hai (3.41) aura use palAza kAma ke arddhacandrAkAra bANa pratIta hote haiM, jo virahIjanoM kA khUna pIkara lAla ho gae haiM (3.42) / naveM tathA bArahaveM sarga ke prakRti-varNana saMyoga ke uddIpana kA kAma dete haiM / ye sarga kramazaH vasudeva tathA rohiNI aura kanakA kI sambhoga-krIDAoM ke lie samucita pRSThabhUmi nirmita karate haiM / naveM sarga meM RtuvarNana ke dvArA zAstrIya niyamoM kI khAnApUrti karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai / yaha padmasundara ke sahaja prakRtiprema kA dyotaka nahIM hai / citrakAvya se bharapUra hone ke kAraNa isa varNana meM prakRti goga ho gaI hai| isameM kavi ne vibhinna yamakabhedoM tathA citrakAvya kI racanA meM apanA kauzala pradarzita kiyA hai| spaSTataH yaha mAgha ke prakRti varNana se prerita tathA prabhAvita haiM, jo prakRtivarNana ke nAma para isI prakAra citrakAvya ke jAla meM phaMsa kara raha gae haiM / citrakAvya para samUcA dhyAna kendrita hone ke kAraNa padmasundara prakRti kA bimbacitra prastuta karane meM saphala nahIM hue / zarad aura zizira ke kucha citra sundara bana par3e haiM, bhale hI ye pUrvavartI kaviyoM se lie gae hoM / zarad Rtu kA yaha mAnavI rUpa, sAhitya meM suvijJAta hotA huA bhI, AkarSaka hai| apane vaibhava ke kAraNa zarat sAmrAjJI pratIta hotI hai| pUrNa candramaNDala usakA chatra hai, usa para kAza ko mAta karane vAlI caMvariyAM DulAI jA rahI haiM aura vaha zubhra AkAza kA paridhAna pahana kara rAjasI ThATa se kamala ke siMhAsana para virAjamAna hai (6.54) / dhAna kI bAliyAM coMca meM lekara upavana kI vIthiyoM meM baiThI zukarAji indradhanuSa kI racanA karatI hai (6.55) / yaha varNana zizirakAlIna dRzya kA yathArtha citra prastuta karatA hai, yadyapi aise citra atyanta virale haiN| iha nahi mihikAMzudRzyate chAdite'sminnanbhasi mihikayA:bhrAntibAdhAM ddhtyaa| mahani mihirabimboddAmadhAmApi luptaM bhaja nijabhujabandhaM zizirA vAnti vaataaH|| 25. yadusundara, 6. 15, 26, 46, 58, 65 Adi.

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya / 2 upajIvya naiSadha ke samAna yadusundara ke bArahaveM sarga kA prakRti-varNana dUrArUr3ha kalpanAoM aura aprastutoM ke durvaha bojha se AkrAMta hai / zrIharSa ke kAvya meM pANDityapUrNa uDAna kI kamI nahIM hai para prakRti-varNana ke unnIsaveM aura bAIsaveM sargoM meM vaha saba sImAoM ko lAMgha gayA hai| ina varNanoM meM usane aisI vikaTa kalpanAe~ kI haiM jo varNya viSaya ko spaSTa karane kI apekSA use dhUmila kara detI haiN| sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa yadusundara meM una sabako Aropita karanA sambhava nahIM thA, phira bhI padmasundara ne zrI harSaM ke aprastutoM ko udAratA se grahaNa kiyA hai / ye aprastuta nAnA srotoM se liye ye haiM / 'sandhyA ke samaya lAlimA dhIre-dhIre miTatI jAtI hai aura tAre AkAza meM chiTaka jAte haiM; isa dRzya ke citraNa meM padmasundara ne zrIharSa ke kaI bhAvoM kI AvRtti kI hai / usane pahale rUpaka dvArA isakA varNana kiyA hai / sandhyA kI siMhI ne dina ke hAthI ko apane nakhoM se phAr3a diyA hai| usakI vizAla kAyA se bahatA rakta, sAndhya rAga ke rUpa meM, AkAza meM phaila gayA hai aura usake vidIrNa mastaka se bharate motI tAre bana kara chiTaka gaye haiM ( 12.6) / zrIharSa ne AkAza ko mUrkha ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai, jisane sUrya kA svarNa piNDa beca kara badale meM, kauDiyAM kharIda lI haiM / padmasundara ne isake viparIta astAcala ko vyavahArakuzala kretA kA rUpa diyA hai / usane sandhyA kI Aga meM zuddha sUrya rUpI svarNa piNDa hathiyA liyA hai aura usake badale meM AkAza ko nirarthaka kauDiyAM (tAre) beca dI haiM / " sUrya ke asta hone para cAroM ora aMdherA ghirane lagA hai / kavi kI kalpanA hai ki kAjala banAne ke liye sUrya rUpI dIpaka para AkAza kA sikorA auMdhA rakhA gayA thaa| kAjala itanA bhArI ho gayA hai ki vaha vizAla sikorA bhI usake bhAra se daba kara nIce gira gayA hai / usane dIpaka (sUrya) ko bujhA diyA hai / vaha svayaM aMdhakAra bana kara cAroM tarapha bikhara gayA hai / " candramA kI udayakAlIna lAlimA aisI lagatI hai mAno vaha agraja airAvata dvArA use apane sindUra se lAla mastaka para uThAne se laga gayI ho athavA devAMganAoM ne use apane adharoM ke cumbanoM se lAla banA diyA ho ( 12.33) / prabhAtavarNana meM aura bhI dUra kI kaur3I pheMkI gayI hai / prAtaH kAla tAre asta ho jAte 116 26. astAcale'sminnikaSopalAme sandhyAkaSollekhaparIkSito yaH / vikrIya taM lihiraNyapiNDaM tArAvarATAniyamAdita dyauH // naiSadha 22.13 nikaSamiSatAM bibhratyastAcalastu zilAtale dra takanakajaM piNDaM krItvA vikartanamaNDalam / jalanidhira datte sAkSAtparIkSya pitRprasUhutabhuji nabhohaste tArAvarATakoTitAm // yadu. 12.8. 27. yadusundara, 12.15, naiSadhacarita, 22.32.

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yadusundara mahAkAvya : padmasundara 1.17 haiM, kavi kI kalpanA hai ki sUrya ne apanI kiraNoM ke jhADU se devadampatiyoM kI vilAsazayyAoM se gire motiyoM ko ekabAragI buhAra diyA hai ( 12.65 ) / zrIharSa ke anukaraNa para padmasundara ne sUrya ko bAja kA rUpa dekara santulana kI saba sImAoM hi diyA hai / prabhAta ke baheliye ne AkAza meM sUrya kA bAja chor3a diyA hai / apane Azrita zaza ko bAja ke jhapaTTe se bacAne ke liye candramA ne samudra kI zaraNa hai / aMdhakAra ke ve pahale hI bhAga cuke haiM / tArAgaNa rUpI kabUtara usake ghAtaka paMjoM se bacane ke liye nAnA prakAra kI kalAbAjiyA~ kara rahe haiM (12.74) / ina kliSTa kalpanAoM ne padmasundara ke prakRtivarNana ko UhAtmaka banA banA diyA hai / caritracitraNa yadusundara meM vasudeva tayA kanakA do hI mukhya pAtra haiM / ve kramazaH naiSadha ke nala aura damayantI ke pratirUpa haiM / mathurAdhipati samudravijaya kA anuja vasudeva yadusundara kA nAyaka hai / vaha vividha bahumUlya guNoM kA bhaNDAra hai / usake adhikatara guNa usakI kulInatA se prasUta haiM / usameM gambhIratA, udAratA tathA vAkpaTutA kA samanvaya hai / usakA vAkkauzala bRhaspati ko mAta karatA hai, gambhIratA meM samudra usake sammukha tuccha hai aura itihAsa prasiddha karNa Adi bhI udAratA meM usakI tulanA nahIM kara sakate ( 3.113) / vasudeva ke saundarya se aisA AbhAsa hotA thA mAnoM kAma usake rUpa meM punaH jIvita ho gayA ho ( punarnava ivAsa manobhavastvam - 3.111) / vaha apane aizvarya tathA parAkrama se indra kI zreSThatA ko bhI manda karatA hai ( 3.115) / siMhasaMhanana ( 3.105) vizeSaNa usakI zArIrika puSTatA tathA nirbhIkatA kA saMketa detA hai / ina prazaMsanIya guNoM ke viparIta usake caritra kA eka vaha pakSa hai, jisase yauvana ke Arambha meM, porAMganAoM ke prati durvyavahAra ke kAraNa use apane agraja ke kopa kA bhAjana bananA par3atA hai / yaha svayaM svIkRta dezaniSkAsana usakI jIvanadhArA ke parivartana kI prastAvanA hai / agraja kI bhartsanA se apamAnita hokara svayaM deza chor3akara calA jAnA usake svAbhimAna aura dRr3ha nizcaya kA dyotaka hai / vaise apanI vinamratA, sauhArdapUrNa prIti tathA guNagrAhitA ke kAraNa vaha pRthvI kA AbhUSaNa hai ( 10.67 ) / isIliye kanakA haMsa se usake guNa sunane mAtra se usa para anurakta ho jAtI hai / vasudeva atyanta vyavahArakuzala vyakti hai / kubera ke dautya kA Agraha usakI pAtratA ko prakaTa karatA hai / usake kAraNa jo AzaMkAe~ use sAlatI haiM, ve usa dvandva se prasUta haiM, jo aisI sthiti meM pratyeka vivekazIla vyakti ko mathatA hai / parantu dautya svIkArane ke bAda vaha use pUrNa niSThA se nibhAtA hai / rAjamahala meM kanakA kI sthUla * jijJAsAoM ko buttA dekara vaha use pUrI tatparatA se kubera ko pati rUpa meM svIkAra

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya karane ko prerita karatA hai / kanakA ke usa prastAva ko asvIkAra karane para, usakI satyaniSThA se prasanna hotA huA bhI, vaha use usakI tathAkathita vivekahInatA ke kAraNa dhamakAne se bhI nahIM cUkatA (3.163) / kintu usake isa rUkSa bAhya ke pIche komala hRdaya chipA huA hai / kanakA ke krandana se usakA hRdaya pasIja jAtA hai aura vaha apane karma kI gopanIyatA ko bhUlakara apanA paricaya de baiThatA hai| kubera ko sthiti se avagata karane meM bhI use saMkoca nhiiN| usake ina guNoM ke kAraNa hI kanakA svayamvara meM devatAoM, gandharvo Adi ko chor3akara usakA varaNa karatI hai| rohiNI kA use varaNa karanA vasudeva ke guNoM kI doharI svIkRti hai| vaha samarpita premI hai aura priyA kI prasannatA ko apanI prasannatA samajhatA hai (3.161) / ___ kAvyanAyaka kA pramukha guNa vIratA vasudeva ke caritra kI vizeSatA hai| vastutaH dasaveM sarga kA yuddhavarNana usake parAkrama aura yuddhakauzala ko ujAgara karane ke liye hI Ayojita kiyA gayA hai / vaha, pracchanna rUpa meM, na kevala svayamvara meM asvIkRta rAjAoM kI sAmUhika senA ko pachAr3a detA hai, usake sAmane samudravijaya ke bhI chakke chUTa jAte haiM / usake bandI kI yaha ukti ki 'vasudeva apanI bhujAoM kI araNiyoM se udbhUta pratApAgni se zatru kI striyoM ke hRdaya-kAnana ko kSaNa bhara meM bhasma kara detA hai' kavitvapUrNa hotI huI bhI kevala prazasti nahIM hai| ina guNoM se vAsudeva vizva ke mukuTa kA ratna bana gayA hai (vizvavizvajanamaulikirITaratnam-3.114) / usakA carita sarvAtizAyI. hai (sarvAtizAyi carita tava caarumuurte-3.113)| kanakA yadusundara ke nAyaka ke samAna nAyikA kanakA bhI aneka muNoM kI khAna hai| vidyAdharI hone ke nAte vaha saundarya kI carama sImA hai (surUpa-sImA kanaketi vizrutA2.1) / usake anavadya rUpa ko dekha kara aisA lagatA hai ki usakA nirmANa zAMtarasa se jar3abuddhi brahmA ne nahIM balki kAmadeva ne apane zilpa ke samasta kauzala se kiyA hai| isIliye vaha zRMgArasudhA kI saritA se kisI prakAra kama nahIM hai (4.41) / kavi kI zabdAvalI meM, usane saundarya meM menakA ko, svaramAdhurya meM vINA ko, mukhakAnti se candramA ko aura smiti se kamalinI ko jIta kara tIna lokoM meM vijayadhvajA phaharAI hai (4.43) / apane rUpa kI samagratA meM vaha kAma kI vRkSavATikA hai (2.26) / kanakA saundarya meM rati hai to buddhi meM sarasvatI hai (babhUva dhiyA rucA vA namu bhAratI ratiH-2.47) / vaha pramANa-zAstra meM supaThita, gadya-padya kI tattvajJa, vastutaH samasta vidyAoM kI viduSI hai| rAjakumArI hone ke kAraNa vaha atyanta ziSTa tathA - susaMskRta hai / vaha dUta kA paricaya pUchane meM jisa padAvalI kA prayoga karatI hai, usake

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madusundaramahAkAvya : padmasundara 119 eka-eka akSara se madhura ziSTatA TapakatI hai| vaha rAjadarabAroM meM vyavahRta bhASA kI mRdutA tathA snigdhatA se paripUrNa hai (3.104-105) / vidhAtA ne usakI vANI ko sudhAvarSI banAyA hai (3.116) / . kubera usake ina guNoM para mugdha hai / vaha vasudeva ko pahale hI parokSa meM hRdaya samarpita kara cukI hai| kubera dUta ke dvArA praNaya-nivedana karatA hai aura dUta use nAnA pralobhana dekara dhanapati kA varaNa karane kA aucitya rekhAMkita karatA hai (madvAcamaMca na ca muMca-3.117) / 'devoM ke sAhacarya se martya bhI deva bana jAtA hai (3.166) aura devatA ko chor3a kara eka sAdhAraNa martya ko pati cunanA vivekahInatA hai (3.164) dUta ke ina tarkoM tathA isa dhamakI kA ki asvIkAra karane para kubera svayamvara ko tahasa-nahasa kara degA (3.170), usa para koI asara nahIM par3atA / vaha dUta ko spaSTa zabdoM meM kaha detI hai ki mere zarIra ko vasudeva aura sUrya ke atirikta koI nahIM chU sakatA (Da.160) / eka strI kA devatA ke sAtha dAmpatya na sambhava hai na upayukta (3.155) / usakI avicala niSThA ke kAraNa hI dUta apanA bheda prakaTa karatA hai / vaibhavazAlI tathA parAkramI samrAToM aura devatAoM ko chor3a kara vasudeva kA varaNa karanA usakI niSThA tathA prema kI satyatA kA pramANa hai / vasudeva usa guNavattI yuvatI ko pAkara aise ullasita huA jaise pUrNimA kI rAtri meM candramA, nalinI se mila kara sUrya, abhramu ko pAkara airAvata tathA praphulla puSpa para baiTha kara bhramara (6.68) / bhASA mAdi pahale saMketa kiyA gayA hai ki padmasundara kI bhASA para bhI zrIharSa kA gaharA prabhAva hai| jahAM usane upajIvya kAvya kA svataMtra rUpAntara kiyA hai, vahAM usakI bhASA, usake pArzvanAtha kAvya kI bhAMti, vizada tathA sarala hai; parantu jahAM use naSaSa kA lagabhaga usI kI padAvalI meM punarAkhyAna karane ko vivaza honA par3A hai, vahAM usakI bhASA meM praur3hatA saMkrAnta ho gayI hai, yadyapi vahAM bhI vaha use kliSTatA se bacAne ke liye prayatnazIla hai / antima sarga ke prakRti varNana tathA svayamvara-varNana ke kucha bhAgoM meM bhASA kA yaha guNa lakSita hotA hai| svayamvara ke pratibhAgI rAjAoM ke parAkrama ke varNana kI bhASA dIrgha samAsAvalI se yukta hai| padmasundara ko isa bAta kA zreya denA hogA ki naiSadha se prerita hone para bhI usane bhASA ko, apanI bahujJatA kA akhAr3A banA kara durUha athavA kaSTasAdhya nahIM banane diyA hai| eka udAharaNa dekhiye jisameM mahendrAdhipati kI vIratA se prasUta kItti kA varNana hai / samAsabahula hotA A bhI yaha kliSTatA se mukta hai|

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120 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya etatsaMyugasAMyugInavilasaddIrba llibhallAhatadveSistrIkarakambukaMkaNa bisachedAzanaikaspRhA / asyAmitrakalatranetraruditAmbhonirjhare khelati kSoNImaNDalamaNDanaM kila yazohaMsAlirindjvalA // / 5.18 naiSadha kI padAvalI se baca kara padmasundara ne naiSadha ke jina bhAvoM ko apanI bhASA meM vyakta kiyA hai, vaha apanI subodhatA se bhAvoM kI abhivyakti meM sahAyaka banI hai / dUta ke prati kanakA kI yaha praznokti tathA kAvya meM anya katipaya sthala, naiSadha kI bhASA kA virodhI dhruva prastuta karate haiM / apanI sahajatA ke kAraNa yaha usa guNa se vyApta hai, jise sAhityazAstra meM 'prasAda' kahA gayA hai / sahasaMhanana me caritArthayedaM siMhAsanaM nijapadAmbujavizrameNa / no te tava mano nalinanadimno vidveSiNaH padayugasya vihAracAraiH // 3.105 niHzrIkemeva kRtavAn katamaM vyatItya dezaM purasya yadihAbharaNIbabhUva / kAmaM svanAma mayi ca prakRte nivedyaM prAyo hi nAmapadameva mukhaM kriyAsu // 3.106 sAmAnyataH yadusundara kI bhASA ko subodha kahA jAyegA para kAvya meM, naiSadha ke prabhAva se mukta do aise sthala haiM, jinameM padmasundara apane uddezya se bhaTaka kara, citrakAvya meM apanA racanAkauzala pradarzita karane ke phera meM phaMsa gaye haiM / ina sargoM meM yadusundara kA karttA spaSTataH mAgha ke AkarSaNa se abhibhUta hai, jisane isI prakAra RtuoM tathA yuddha ke varNanoM ko bauddhika vyAyAma kA akhAr3A banAyA hai / padmasundara kA SaRtu varNana vAlA navAM sarga Adyanta yamaka se bharapUra hai / isameM pada, pAda, arddha tathA mahAyamaka Adi yamaka bhedoM ke atirikta kavi ne anuloma-pratiloma, SoDa- zadalakamala, gomUtrikAbandha Adi sAhityika hathakaNDoM para hAtha calAyA hai / zizupAlavadha kI taraha padmasundara kA yuddhavarNana ekavyaMjanAtmaka, yakSarAtmaka tathA varNa, mAtrA, binducyutaka Adi citrakAvya se jaTila tayA bojhila hai, yadyapi RtuvarNana kI apekSA isakI mAtrA yahAM kama hai| inase kavi ke pANDitya kA saMketa avazya milatA hai para ye ina sthaloM para kAvya kI grAhyatA meM bAdhaka haiM, isameM sandeha nahIM / ninmAMkita mahAyamaka se kavi ke yamaka kI karAlatA kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / sAraM gatA taralatArataraMgasArA sAraMgatA taralatArataraMgasArA / sAraM gatA taralatArataraMgasArA sAraM gatA taralaMtArataraMga sArA // 6.26 zaradvarNana kA yaha padya Arambha tathA anta se ekasamAna paDhA jA sakatA hai / zarat ke isa adhama varNana se kitane pAThaka Rtu-saundarya kA rasa le sakate haiM ?. sArasAravasArA sA rucA tAnavakArikA / kArikAvanatA cArusArA sA varasArasA / / 6.58

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yadusundaramahAkAvya : padmasundara 121 citrakAvya kA vikaTatama rUpa prastuta padya meM milatA hai| isameM kevala eka vyaMjana -ka-ke AdhAra para racanA ke dvArA kavi ne apanA pANDitya baghArA hai| kuH kAM kakaMka kaikA kikAkaku kaikikaa| kAM kAM kakakakA kAka kakAkuH kaMkakA kakA // 10.44 zrIharSa ne yadyapi apanI rIti ko vaidarbhI kahA hai, kintu usameM pAMcAlI aura gaur3I kA ghanA mizraNa hai / padmasundara kI bhASA meM samAsabAhulya kI kamI nahIM hai para usakI saralatA ko dekhate hue use vaidarbhI-pradhAna kahanA ucita hogaa| vaidarmI kI subodhatA padmasundara kI bhASA kI vizeSatA hai| apanI kliSTatA ke bAvajUda naiSadha kI bhASA padalAlitya se itanI vibhUSita hai ki 'naiSadhe padalAlityam' ukti sAhitya meM zrIharSa ke bhASAguNa kI paricAyaka bana gyii| yadusundara ke adhikatara padyoM meM padalAlitya milegA jo usakI bhASA ko nayI AbhA detA hai / kahanA na hogA, pAdalAlitya anuprAsa para AdhArita hai, jisakA kAvya meM vyApaka prayoga kiyA gayA hai| padalAlitya ne kisa prakAra bhASA kI madhuratA ko vRddhi gata kiyA hai, yaha prastuta udAharaNa se spaSTa hogaa| etasyoddharasindhurairapi mRSe kAntA punarjagamai jarjAnAno dharaNIdharaH sma dharaNI dhIraH pRthuH paarthivH| etatsaMgarasaMgatAmarasamajyAmadhyamadhyAsito. bhUyo bhUdharabhUribhAraharaNe medhAM vidhattetarAm // 5.14 naiSadhacarita vakrokti-pradhAna kAvya hai / yadusundara bhI naiSadha kI isa vizeSatA se aprabhAvita nahIM hai / utprekSA, apaha nuti, atizayokti, samAsokti kA svatantra athavA mizrita prayoga yadusundara kI vakrokti kA AdhAra hai / sApahnavotprekSA tayA sApahnavAtizayokti ke prati padmasundara kA prema naiSadha se prerita hai| kanakA ke viraha varNana ke prasaMga meM, isa padya meM, malayAnila meM vAyavyAstra kI sambhAvanA karane se utprekSA hai aura vakSa para sthita bisa kA apahnava kara nAgAstra kI sthApanA kiye jAne se apahna ti hai| malayajairanilaranilAstratAmiva kimu prajighAya manobhavaH / hRdi kRtairnu bisariyamapyaho pavanamukpratizastramupAdade // 3.25 pAMcaveM sarga meM rAjAoM ke parAkrama Adi guNoM ke bakhAna meM kaI sthaloM para padmasundara ne saTIka atizayoktiyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai (5.16,18,44,6 / 35) hai / vasudeva tathA kanakA kI sambhogottara sthiti ke citraNa kA AdhAra atizayokti hai| vidrumasya lalitairnu vidrutaM maMditaM mlymNdmaartH| kokilasya kila kAkalIravarmudritaM samabhavadrataM hi tat // 11.57

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122 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya aprastutaprazaMsA, arthAntaranyAsa, dRSTAMta, paryAyokta Adi vakrokti ke poSaka anya alaMkAra haiM, jinakA padmasundara ne rucipUrvaka prayoga kiyA hai / tRtIya sarga meM arthAntaranyAsa ko sabase adhika sthAna milA hai (3.11,84,117,136,153,155,156, 201) / viSayoM ke bIca vasudeva kI niSpApatA ke pratipAdaka isa padya meM pUrvArddha ke vizeSa kathana kA uttarArddha kI sAmAnya ukti se samarthana karane ke kAraNa arthAntaranyAsa hai| tAM riraMsuratha so'pyahanithaM pApamApa kimu tatvavit kvacit / jJAninAM kila kalaMkapaMkatA limpate na viSayaspRzAmapi // 11.30 arthAntaranyAsa aura dRSTAnta se hI ve madhura sUktiyAM udbhUta haiM, jo kAvya kI nidhi kAvya meM prayukta upamAe~ kavi kI kuzalatA kI paricAyaka haiM / padmasundara ne anya alaMkAroM ke saMkara ke rUpa meM bhI upamA kA prayoga kiyA hai (3 / 165,4 / 7 Adi) / padmasundara ke upamAna aneka kSetroM se liye gaye haiN| kucha aprastuta zAstrIya (10.66) athavA dArzanika (10.20) haiN| svayamvara varNana meM prayukta upamAna bahuta mArmika haiM / zivikAdhArI kanakA ko mithilApati se haTA kara 'dhanadayugma' ke pAsa le gaye jaise sUrya kI kiraNeM cakravAkamithuna ke pAsa prasannatA le jAte haiN| tAM ninyire dhanadayugmamivAvaziSTaM prIti rathAMgamithunaM harivasvapAdAH / 6.1 rUpaka, parisaMkhyA, vyAjokti, vyatireka, virodhAbhAsa, sAra, ekAvalI, kAyaliMga, asaMgati, anumAna, ullekha, udAtta, padmasundara ke anya mukhya alaMkAra haiN| naiSadha ke samAna yadusundara meM svabhAvokti ke liye sthAna nahIM hai| kAvya meM inI-ginI svabhAvoktiyAM mileNgii| dUta ke antaHpura meM praveza kI yaha svabhAvokti usakI ceSTAoM kA yathAtathya citra prastuta karatI haiN| dauvArikasya paravipratiSedhavAcA tvaM ko'syare'pasara so'pi vizaMkamAnaH / grIvAM vibhujya cakitaHkSaNamityapAstazaMkaH parAmatha viveza nizAntakakSAm // 3.76 28. kucha sUktiyoM bahuta rocaka haiM (i) tRNAnanIraH zamameti kiM tRSA / 1.34 (ii) aucityaM nikRtipareSu vaktava / 3.61 (ii) prAyo hi nAmapadameva mukhaM kriyaasu| 3.106 (iv) duHsthe cetasyazeSamaviSahyam / 3.127 (v) na mAnamAndhaM gaNayantyabhIpsavaH / 4.6 (vi) garIyasitarA niyateH samIhA / 4.72 (vii) samayavazAH syuH saMpado'saMpadaH / 6.61

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yadusundaramahAkAvya : padmasundara 123 yadusundara meM caubIsa chanda prayukta hue haiN| unake nAma isa prakAra haiM- vaMzastha, vasantatilakA, mAlinI, sragdharA, zArdUlavikrIDita, zikhariNI, drutavilambita, zAlinI, praharSiNI, hariNI, mattamayUrI, puSpitAgrA, pRthvI, mandAkrAMtA, rucirA, jaladharamAlA, svAgatA, toTaka, maMjubhASiNI, pramitAkSarA, indravajrA, rathoddhatA, indravaMzA aura anuSTup / chaha padyoM ke chanda jJAta nahIM ho sake (4.81, 6.32, 34, 38-40) / prathama, dvitIya tathA caturtha sargoM kA pradhAna chanda 'vaMzastha ' hai / pAMcaveM, chaThe tathA naveM sargoM meM chandoM kA bAhulya hai / ina sargoM meM bAra-bAra chaMda badalatA hai| paMcama sarga meM nI tathA naveM sarga meM bAraha chanda prayukta hue haiN| dasaveM sarga ke prathama cAlIsa padya svAgatA chaMda meM nibaddha haiN| zeSa ikatIsa padyoM meM anuSTupa, zArdUlavikrIDita aura navarA racanA ke AdhAra bane haiM / yadusundara kA samUcA mahattva isa tathya meM nihita hai ki isameM navIna pAtroM ke mAdhyama se naiSadhacarita kA saMkSipta rUpAntara prastuta kiyA gayA hai / maulikatA ke abhAva ke kAraNa yadusundara khyAti prApta nahIM kara sakA / sambhavataH yahI kAraNa hai ki isakI kevala eka hastalikhita prati upalabdha hai /

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hIrasaubhAgya devavimalagaNi kAlidAsottara kAvyasAhitya kA sArvabhauma samrAT hai / usane jisa alaMkRta zailI kA carama vikAsa kiyA tathA jina kAvyarUr3hiyoM ko sAyAsa pratiSThita kiyA, unase saMskRta - mahAkAvya dUra taka prabhAvita huA hai / mAgha kI tulanA meM zrIharSa kA sAhitya para alpa prabhAva par3A hai| isakA mukhya kAraNa unakI 'granthagranthi' kI vivekahIna vRtti hai| jina paravartI mahAkAvyoM kI racanA naiSadhacarita ke anukaraNa para huI hai, unameM devavimalagaNi kA hIrasaubhAgya', apane vividha guNoM ke kAraNa, atyucca pada adhikArI hai| sataraha sargoM ke isa vizAla kAvya meM tapAgaccha ke prakhyAta AcArya, hIravijayasUri kA udAtta carita varNita hai / akabara tathA hIravijayasUri kI AdhyAtmika goSThI, mugala samrAT ke hRdaya meM apUrva parivartana kA sUtrapAta karatI hai jisase usakA dRpta vaibhava saMyamaghana sAdhu kI nirIhatA ke samakSa nata ho jAtA hai / yahI marmasparzI prasaMga devavimala ke kAvya kA hRdayasthala hai / tatkAlIna praNAlI ke anurUpa, hIrasaubhAgya meM jainAcArya kA carita kAvya-zailI meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / kavi kI niSpakSatA ke kAraNa yaha hIrasUri ke jIvana kA prAmANika srota bhI hai aura devavimala kI kAvyapratibhA, Safaa kI dRSTi se bhI ise ucca dharAtala para pratiSThita karatI hai / hIrasaubhAgya para, eka ora, siddhicandra kI yaha ukti - yathArthameva yajjAtaM tattathaiva nigadyate ' - akSaraza: caritArtha hotI hai; dUsarI ora zrIharSa kI paramparA ke samyak pAlana ke kAraNa ise nyAyapUrvaka jaina sAhitya kA naiSadha kahA jA sakatA hai / hIrasaubhAgya kA svarUpa carita ke tathyAtmaka nirUpaNa ke kAraNa hIrasaubhAgya aitihAsika kAvya kA AbhAsa detA hai / Adhunika zabdAvalI meM ise caritAtmaka ( baoNyagrephika ) bhI kaha sakate haiM, para isakA zAstrIya svarUpa sarvopari hai| zAstrIya zailI ke mahAkAvya kI racanA-vidhi ke anurUpa hIrasaubhAgya kA pratipAdya AdhAra mAtra hai, jisa para kavi ne apanI abhivyaMjanA zailI ke dvArA kAvya kA vizAla prAsAda khar3A kiyA hai / kAvya kA zilpa zAstrIya mahAkAvya kI prakRti kA poSaka hai / vaiduSyapUrNa bhASA, 1. kAvya mAlA, gucchaka 67, bambaI, san 1900 2. bhAnucandracaritra, siMghI jaina graMthamAlA, bambaI, 1.2

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hIrasaubhAgya : devavimalagaNi 125 gambhIra zailI, kAvyarUr3hiyoM ke paripAlana. kI tatparatA, prauDhokti ke prati pakSapAta Adi tattva kAvya kI zAstrIyatA kI nirNAyaka vizeSatAeM haiN| vastutaH devavimala kA uddezya aise mahAkAvya kI racanA karanA thA, jo mahAkAvya kI tatkAlIna samRddha paramparA ko, usake guNa-doSoM ke sAtha, samagratA se bimbita kara ske| isake kathAnaka meM nATya sandhiyoM kA viniyoga bhI isI dRSTi se prerita hai| hIrasaubhAgya meM paurANika mahAkAvyoM ke bhI. katipaya tattva vikIrNa haiN| paurANika racanA kI bhAMti isameM yazasvI putroM kI prApti mAtAoM ke svapnadarzana kA phala hai| kAvya meM dezanAoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| vijayadAna sUri ke dharmopadezoM se prerita hokara hI hIra tathA jayasiMha pravrajyA grahaNa karate haiN| Arhata dharma kA gauravagAna' paurANika pravRtti kA sUcaka hai| vastutaH yadi kAvya kA AvaraNa haTA kara dekhA jAye, kAvya kA pramukha prayojana jainadharma kA unnayana karanA hai, jisake binA jIvana usI taraha nirarthaka hai, jaise phala se zUnya vRkSa-apArthatAmudrahate paraM januvinA phalaugheravakezinAmiva (hIrasaubhAgya, 14.18) / hIrasaubhAgya meM paurANika kAvyoM ke samAna stotroM tathA mAhAtmyoM kI bharamAra to nahIM hai, kintu zatrujaya kA vistRta varNana, usake mAhAtmya kA niSThApUrvaka pratipAdana, svatantra RSabha-stotra kA samAveza tathA antima sarga meM vividha vratoM, niyamoM tathA dhArmika kriyAoM kA nirUpaNa kAvya kI paurANikatA ko mukhara karate haiN| parantu yaha jJAtavya hai ki hIrasaubhAgya kI zAstrIya zailI ke sAgara meM ye paurANika tattva bindu ke samAna haiN| vAstava meM, ye tathAkathita paurANika vizeSatAe~ adhikatara jaina kAvyoM ke anivArya-se aMga haiM, cAhe unameM kisI zailI kI pradhAnatA ho| kavi paricaya tathA racanAkAla hIrasaubhAgya ke racayitA devavimala ke vyaktigata jIvana ke viSaya meM, sargAnta ke padya se, kevala itanA jJAta hotA hai ki unake pitA zivA dhanavAn vyApArI the (sAdhu maghavA) aura unakI mAtA kA nAma saubhAgyadevI thaa| kAvya kI prAntaprazasti unakI guru-paramparA kA vizvasanIya srota hai| usase patA calatA hai ki devavimala ko mahAn saMyamI tathA manISI AcAryoM kI paramparA kI thAtI milI thii| unake praguru jagarSi tapAgaccha ke udAttacarita prabhAvaka AcArya the| unhoMne tamoguNatulya lumpAkavarga se AkrAnta saurASTra janapada ko apane jJAna ke prakAza se Alokita kiyA thaa| jarSi ke vidvAn tathA vAgmI ziSya sIhavimala devavimala ke guru the| sIhavimala ne vAdirAja gautama ko vAkkalA meM sabhA ke samakSa usI taraha parAjita 3. dharmamArhatamato janimanto yAnapAtramiva saMgrahayadhvam / horasaubhAgya 5.16 4. prazasti sUtra, 7-8

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 126 kiyA thA jaise devasUri ne digambara kumudacandra ko| unake caraNa-kamala kA bhRMga vimala prastuta kAvya kA praNetA hai / devavimala ne mUlakAvya kI racanA ke bAda usa para ' sukhAvabodha' TIkA bhI likhI thI / kAvya kA saMzodhana unake medhAvI ziSya kalyANavijaya tathA dhanavijaya ne bahuta manoyoga se kiyA thA / mUlakAvya, isakI vRtti tathA prazasti meM hIrasaubhAgya ke racanAkAla kA koI saMketa nahIM hai / anya granthoM se kucha prakAza milatA hai / dharmasAgaragaNi kI marAThI guru parivAr3I, saMskRta vRtti sahita paTTAvalIsamuccaya 'zrItapAgacchapaTTAvalIsUtram' nAma se prakAzita huI hai / vRtti se vidita hotA hai ki mUla kRti ( guruparivAr3I) kA saMzodhana samvat 1648 meM kiyA gayA thA tathA usase pUrva isake kaI Adarza ho cuke the / ata: isakA samvat 1648 se pUrva racita honA nizcita hai / vRtti meM granthakAra ne mahattvapUrNa ullekha kiyA hai ki hIravijayasUri ke jIvanavRtta kI jAnakArI ke liye saubhAgya Adi kAvyoM kA avalokana karanA cAhiye / isase spaSTa hai ki hIrasaubhAgya ke adhikatara bhAga kI racanA ukta saMvat (1648 ) se pUrva ho cukI thI / kintu vartamAna kAvya meM hIrasUri ke dehotsarga kA varNana hone se spaSTa hai ki isakI pUrti samvat 1652 ke uparAnta huI thI / hIravijaya ke svargArohaNa kA yahI varSa hai / mudrita hIrasaubhAgya kA sampUrNaM caturtha sarga, paTTAvalIsamuccaya (bhAga 1, pR0 120-137) meM 'zrImanmahAvIra paTTa paramparA' nAma se uddhRta kiyA gayA hai / isake sampAdaka darzanavijayajI ne isakI svaracita TippaNI meM, hIrasaubhAgya kI prazasti kA sandarbha dete hue mata vyakta kiyA hai ki kAvya kA Arambha saM0 1636 meM kiyA gayA thA aura svopajJa vRtti sahita prastuta hIrasaubhAgya samvat 1671 meM samApta huA thA / parantu kAvya kI vartamAna prazasti meM kahIM bhI aisA ullekha nahIM hai / " kyA prazasti kA kucha aMza naSTa ho gayA hai athavA yaha sampAdaka kA bhrama hai ? paTTAvalI samuccaya ke prathama bhAga ke hindI upakrama ke anusAra hIra saubhAgya kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isakI racanA samvat 1636 meM prAraMbha huI thI aura pUrti samvat 1656 meM huI kyoMki dharmasAgara kI pUrvokta parivAr3I meM isakA ullekha huA hai tathA samvat 1656 kI katipaya ghaTanAeM isameM samAviSTa haiM / 5. vahI, 12-13 6. vahI, 16-21 7. hIrasaubhAgya, 17.157, unnatapura zilAlekha, paMkti 1 5. hIrAlAla kApaDiyA : hIrasaubhAgyanuM rekhA darzana, jaina satya prakAza, varSa 17, aMka 7, pR0 136

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harasaubhAgya : devavimalagaNi 127 isa prakAra mUla kAvya kA racanAkAla vikrama samvat 1639 se 1656 (san 1582 - 1569) taka mAnA jA sakatA hai / racanA meM pandraha-solaha varSa lage the / svopajJa TIkA saM0 hIrasaubhAgya kA pUrvabhava spaSTa hai, hIrasaubhAgya kI 1671 meM pUrI huI thI / ' kAvya ne vartamAna rUpa devavimala ne pahale hIra hIrasaubhAgya ke mImAMsakoM kA vicAra hai ki prastuta prApta karane ke liye kama se kama eka karavaTa avazya lI hai / sundara kAvya kI racanA kI thI, jisake eka-do sarga jaina bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha haiM / - zrI Atmakamala labdhisUrIzvara zAstra saMgraha, IDara meM isake eka sarga kI hastalikhita prati vidyamAna hai / sambhavataH yaha kAvya pUrA nahIM huA thA / kucha samaya pazcAt kavi "ne usakA kAyAkalpa kara navIna kAvya kI racanA kI, jo aba hIrasobhAgya nAma se -khyAta hai / " kathAnaka hIrasaubhAgya sataraha sargoM kA bahuta bar3A kAvya hai / isake adhikatara sargoM meM zatAdhika padya haiN| caudahaveM sarga meM yaha saMkhyA tIna sau taka pahu~ca gayI hai / isameM vividha chandoM meM racita pUre 2756 padya haiM, jo kAvya kI vizAlatA ke dyotaka haiM / hIrasaubhAgya kA Arambha jambUdvIpa, bhArata varSa, gurjara deza tathA kAvya nAyaka ke janma sthAna prahlAdanapura ke kramika vistRta varNana se hotA hai, jo Adyanta kavi pratimA se Ardra hai / dvitIya sarga meM prahlAdanapura ke dhanADhya vaNik kurAM kI rUpavatI patnI nAthI ke anavadya saundarya kA nakhazikha varNana tathA navadampatI kI yauvana sulabha keliyoM kA nirUpaNa hai / 'zrRMgAranaTa kI gatizIla raMgazAlA' ( 2.16) nAthI svapna meM gajadarzana ko jayanta tathA bharata tulya putra ke janma kA pUrva sUcaka jAnakara harSa se pulakita ho jAtI hai / sarga ke zeSa bhAga meM bharata kI digvijaya, nizAnta tathA prabhAta kA rocaka varNana hai / tRtIya sarga meM nAthI samvat - 1583 kI mArgazIrSa zuklA navamI ko eka zizu ko janma detI hai / tInoM lokoM ke mukuTa ke ratna ke samAna usakA nAma hIra rakhA gayA / mAtA-pitA ke nidhana ke pazcAt yuvaka hIra apanI bahina vimalA ke pAsa pATaNa calA jAtA hai / caturtha sarga meM mahAvIra se lekara vijayadAna sUri taka pUrvAcAryoM kI paramparA kA rocaka kavitvapUrNa varNana hai| paMcama sarga meM kumAra hIra, saMsAra, yauvana tathA lakSmI kI anityatA 6. vahI, varSa 17, aMka 8-6, pR0 162 10. darzanavijaya : hIrasaubhAgya mahAkAvyano pUrvabhava, jaina satyaprakAza, varSa 15, aMka 1, pR0 23

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 128 se udvigna hokara, kAttika kRSNA dvitIyA samvat 1566 ko vijayadAna sUri se, pATaNa meM, pravrajyA grahaNa karatA hai / chaThe sarga meM zAsanadevatA ke Adeza se vijayadAna use sambat 1610, poSa zuklA paMcamI ko, zivapurI (sirohI) meM sUri ke gauravapUrNa pada para pratiSThita karate haiM / hIraka kI bhAMti priya hone tathA vidvanmaNDaliyoM meM usakI bhAvI vijaya se Azvasta hone ke kAraNa usakA nAma hIravijaya rakhA gayA / unake sUri pada ke nandi-utsava kA Ayojana yavanarAja serakhAna ke nIti kuzala mantrI, samartha bhaNazAlI ne pATaNa meM kiyaa| vijayadAna sUri apane nava dIkSita ziSya jayasiMha ko unheM sauMpa dete haiM aura pRthvI para sarvatra vyApta apane yaza ko devaloka meM pahuMcAne ke liye svayaM, vaTapallikA (vaDalI) meM, svarga sidhAra jAte haiM / sAtavAM tathA AThavAM sarga kramazaH varSA, zarat, sUryAsta, candrodaya Adi tathA zAsana devatA ke aMgoM-pratyaMgoM ke vistRta varNana se paripUrNa hai / naveM sarga meM hIra vijaya, zAsana devI ke Adeza se apane medhAvI ziSya jayavimala ( jayasiMha ) ko ahamadAbAda meM kramazaH upAdhyAya tathA sUri pada pradAna karate haiM, jaise agni apanA te dIpaka ko detI hai ( 6. 15) / dasaveM sarga meM mugala samrAT akabara ke samadarzI tathA nispRha sAdhu ke viSaya meM pUchane para (10. 65-66 ), usake sabhAsad jainAcArya hIravijaya kI AdhyAtmika tathA cAritrika upalabdhiyoM kA vistArapUrvaka bakhAna karate haiM (10.ee-130) / gyArahaveM sarga meM, gujarAta ke gavarnara sAhibakhAna ke dvArA akabara kA nimantraNa pAkara hIravijaya yaha soca kara ki samrAT ke milane se dharma - vRddhi hogI, phatehapura sIkarI ko prasthAna karate haiM / bArahaveM sagaM meM AbU parvata tathA vahAM ke prasiddha mandiroM kA varNana hai / lambA mArga taya karane ke bAda, terahaveM sarga meM, jainAcArya sIkarI pahuMcate haiM, jahAM unakA bhavya rAjasI svAgata kiyA gayA / phatehapura meM hIravijaya kI prathama dharma goSThI, akabara ke AdhyAtmika mitra tathA islAma - darzana ke prakANDa paNDita abbula faz2ala ke sAtha huI, jisameM vidvAn mantrI ne islAma ke mahattvapUrNa siddhAntoM para AcArya se gambhIra carcA kI / isa dArzanika vicAra-vinimaya ke pazcAt abbula faz2ala jaina sAdhu ko akabara kI sabhA meM le gayA, jaise siddhidAyaka mantra iSTadeva ko sAdhaka ke pAsa le AtA hai ( 13. 155) / hIravijaya kI kaThora saMyamapUrNa caryA sunakara, jisake kAraNa ve sudUra gandhAra bandara se sIkarI taka paidala Aye the, samrAT kA hRdaya zraddhA se paripUrNa ho gayA / caudahaveM sarga meM hIravijaya kI akabara ke sAtha dharma - carcA hotI hai, jisameM ve samrAT ko dharma, guru tathA deva ke vAstavika svarUpa kA digdarzana karAte haiM / akabara hIrasUri kI nirIhatA, saccaritratA tathA karuNA se bahuta prabhAvita huaa| AgarA meM pAvasa ke cAra mAsa vyatIta karane ke pazcAt hIravijaya kI akabara se dUsarI goSThI huI, jisameM AcArya ne sadasat kI vistRta mImAMsA karate

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hIrasaubhAgya : devavimalagaNi 12 hue Arhata dharma kI sarvotkRSTatA kA yuktipUrNa pratipAdana kiyA / akabara ne unheM bahumUlya rAjasI upahAra dene kA prastAva kiyA parantu AcArya ne unheM yaha kahakara ziSTatApUrvaka asvIkAra kara diyA ki jaina sAdhu ke liye zArIrika sukha bhoga kI vastu lenA nitAnta varjita hai / akabara ke adhika Agraha karane para usa tapasvI ne samrAT se rAjya ke samasta bandiyoM ko mukta karane tathA paryuSaNa parva ke ATha dina, samUce rAjya meM jIvavadha para pratibandha lagAne kA anurodha kiyA / samrAT ne ise saharSa svIkAra kiyA tathA isa Azaya chaha pharamAna hIrasUri ko diye / AcArya kI dhArmika upalabdhiyoM tathA saccaritratA ke upalakSya meM samrAT ne unheM 'jagadguru': kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyaa| kAlAntara meM akabara ne amAnuSika jajiyA kara bhI samApta kara diyA aura hIravijaya ko zatruMjaya kA svAmitva pradAna kiyA / pandrahaveM sarga meM hIravijaya saMgha ke sAtha, zatruMjaya kI yAtrA ke liye prasthAna karate haiM / isa sarga ke adhikAMza meM tathA agale sarga meM zatru jaya kA mAhAtmya varNita hai / satarahaveM sarga meM, unnatapura meM hIravijaya ke dehAvasAna kA varNana hai / jisa Amra vRkSa ke free unakI antyeSTi kI gayI thI, vaha rAtoM-rAta phaloM se bhara gayA hai / vijayasena ke karuNa vilApa ke sAtha kAvya samApta ho jAtA hai / pahale kahA gayA hai, devavimala kA uddezya aise kAvya kI racanA karanA thA, jisameM supratiSThita mahAkAvya - paramparA kA, usakI samasta vizeSatAoM aura rur3hiyoM ke sAtha, samAhAra kiyA jA sake / isa uddezya ne jahAM use atyanta vistRta phalaka diyA hai vahAM kAvya ko santulita rakhane kI usakI kSamatA kA apaharaNa bhI kiyA hai / isake atirikta vaha zrIharSa ke naiSadhacarita se itanA prabhAvita tathA mohita hai ki usane naiSadha kA samAnAntara prastuta karane meM hI apanI pratibhA tathA kAvyazakti kI sArthakatA mAnI hai / kAvya kA mUla kathAnaka tathA usase sambandhita prasaMga yadyapi alpa nahIM haiM, kintu devavimala kI dRSTi meM prabandhAtmakatA kA nirvAha karanA mahattvapUrNa pratIta nahIM hotA / pUrva pracalita rUr3hiyoM kA samAveza karane kI AturatA ke kAraNa usane hIrasaubhAgya meM nArI - saundarya ke nakha - zikha citraNa, paura lalanAoM kA sambhrama, sainyaprayANa, digvijaya, azvaceSTA Adi katipaya aise varNana bhI cipakA diye haiM, jo usakI nivRttivAdI prakRti se mela nahIM khAte / dvitIya sarga ke aparArddha meM varNita bharatacarita, caturtha sarga kI pUrvAcArya - paramparA prakRti varNana vAle sAtaveM sarga tathA dasaveM sarga ke pUrvArddha kA mUla kathAnaka se cetana sambandha nahIM hai / AbU tathA zatruMjaya ke varNana evaM mAhAtmya vAle saga~ ( 12,15,16 ) bhI kathA vastu ke sAtha atIva sUkSma tantu se baMdhe hue haiM / vastutaH yahI tIna sarga aise haiM jo kAvya kI garimA Ahata karate haiM, yadyapi dhArmika dRSTi se unakA mahattva nirvivAda hai

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130 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya saptadaza aura kavitva kI dRSTi se bhI ve upekSaNIya nahIM haiM / antima tIna sargoM ke pratipAdya ko kevala eka sarga meM saphalatApUrvaka sameTA jA sakatA thA kintu naiSadha sarga ke dArzanika vivecana se spardhA karane ke lie kavi ne ina tIna sargoM kA pallavana kiyA hai para vaha jaina dharma ke vividha vratoM, kriyAoM tathA niyamoM kI tAlikA hI de sakA hai| naiSadha kI taraha hI yahA~ prabandhAtmakatA kA abhAva hai aura prAsaMgikaprAsaMgika varNanoM kA bAhulya hai / saMtoSa yaha hai ki devavimala meM samartha kAvya pratibhA hai jisake kAraNa usake sabhI varNana kavitva se taralita haiM / devavimala ko prApta zrIharSa kA dAya hIrasaubhAgya kI racanA meM kavi virAT antara tathA anukaraNa kI sambhAvanA ke upasthApana, rUr3hiyoM ke paripAlana, bhASA tathA zailI ke kucha pakSoM meM zrIharSa ke itane RNI haiM ki unake katipaya prasaMga naiSadhacarita kI zabdAvalI tathA bhAvatati se paripUrNa haiM / hIrasaubhAgya ke prathama sarga meM prahlAdanapura kA varNana naiSadha ke dvitIya sarga ke kuNDinapura-varNana para AdhArita tathA usase prabhAvita hai / kAvyanAyaka kA janmasthAna hone ke nAte prahlAdanapura kA kAvya meM vizeSa mahattva hai, phalataH zrIharSa ke ikatIsa padyoM (2.74-105 ) ke viparIta hIrasaubhAgya ke prathama sarga ke adhikatara bhAga meM usakA tatparatA se varNana kiyA yagA hai (1.69- 127 ) | zrIharSa kI bhA~ti devavimala bhI kAvyAcAryoM dvArA nizcita nagaravarNana ke vividha tattvoM" ko udAhRta karane kI balavatI bhAvanA se prerita hai / isIlie donoM kAvyoM meM nagara ke aMgarUpa meM udyAna, krIDAvApI, parikhA, parakoTA, hATa, prAsAda tathA nara-nAriyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / zrIharSa ko nagaravarNana meM bhI dArzanika pANDitya baghArane athavA dUra kI koDI pheMkane meM hicaka nahIM / devavimala ne prahlAdanapura kA uttama varNana kiyA hai, jo bhASA - mAdhurya tathA aprastutoM ke vivekapUrNa prayoga ke kAraNa ullekhanIya hai / ina paramparAgata tattvoM kI samAnatA ke atirikta devavimala ne isa prasaMga meM, zrIharSa ke katipaya bhAva bhI grahaNa kie haiM", jinameM se kucha ne rUr3hi kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA hai / zrIharSa ne damayantI ke saundarya kA citraNa kAvya meM kaI sthAnoM para kiyA hai | unameM do sthAna ullekhanIya haiM / dvitIya sarga meM haMsa ke mAdhyama se damayantI ke 11. udyAne saraNiH sarva phalapuSpa latAdra umAH / pikAlikelihaMsAdyAH krIDAvApyadhvagasthitiH // kAvyakalpalatAvRtti, 1.5.68 12. naiSadha 2.63-64, hIra0 1.71, naiSadha 2.76, hIra0 1.72, naiSadha 2.87, hIra0 1.118; naiSadha 2.83, hIra0 1.118 Adi Adi. kA Adarza naiSadhacarita hai / kathAnaka meM kama hone para bhI devavimala varNya viSayoM

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hIrasaubhAgya : devavimalagaNi 131 zArIrika saundarya kA sarasarA varNana kiyA gayA hai (2.20-40) / saptama sarga meM, TheTha paraMparAgata zailI meM, usakA vistRta nakhazikha varNana hai / zrIharSa kI saundarya citraNa kI isa vidhi se prerita hokara devavimala ne bhI apane kAvya meM, do sthAnoM para, nArIsaundarya kA citraNa kiyA hai, jo zrIharSa ke RNa kI spaSTa svIkRti hai / hIrasaubhAgya ke dvitIya sarga meM nAthI kA nakha-zikha varNana atyanta rocaka tathA kavitvapUrNa hai| isakI tulanA meM naiSadha ke dvitIya sarga kA damayantI-varNana nIrasa tathA UhAtmaka hai| zrIharSa ke pagacihnoM para calate hue devavimala ne aSTama sarga meM zAsanadevatA ke saundarya kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, jo damayantI ke saundarya-citraNa (saptama sarga) kI bhAMti bahuta lambA tathA nakhazikha koTi kA hai| zrIharSa se spardhA kI AturatA meM devavimala ne zAsanadevI ke dhArmika svarUpa ko bhUla kara use TheTha mAnavI rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai jisase vaha usake aMgoM-pratyaMgoM kA savistAra citraNa karake saptama sarga kI damayantI kA samAnAntara prastuta karane meM saphala huA hai / zrIharSa ke saptama sarga ke saundarya-citraNa kA prabhAva hIrasaubhAgya ke donoM varNanoM para itanA gaharA par3A hai ki unameM bhAvoM tathA bhASA kA atyadhika sAmya dikhAI detA hai| parantu naiSadha tathA hIrasaubhAgya ke donoM varNanoM meM vizeSa antara hai| zrIharSa darzana, vyAkaraNa tathA anya zAstroM kI bArIkiyoM meM ulajhakara UhAtmaka zailI ke gorakhadhandhe meM isa taraha phaMsa gae haiM ki unake aprastuta apanI dUrArUr3hatA ke kAraNa prastuta ko adhikatara dhUmila kara dete haiM ! devavimala ke bhI kucha aprastuta dUrArUr3hatA ke kalaMka se mukta nahIM haiM kintu ve, samagra rUpa meM, bhAvoM ko vizadatA pradAna karate haiM / phalataH devavimala kA saundaryacitraNa zrIharSa kI apekSA adhika santulita, AkarSaka tathA kavitvapUrNa hIrasaubhAgya kA paMcama sarga, pratipAdya kI bhinnatA hone para bhI, naiSadhacarita ke pandrahaveM sarga se atyadhika prabhAvita hai tathA zabdasAmya evaM bhAvasAmya se itanA paripUrNa hai ki use zrIharSa ke ukta sarga kA svataMtra saMskaraNa kahanA sarvathA upayukta hogaa| naiSadha meM svayamvara ke pazcAt jyotiSI damayantI se pANigrahaNa kA muhUrta nizcita karate haiM / hIrasaubhAgya meM bhI hIrakumAra apanI dIkSA kA samucita muhUrta nizcita karane ke lie daivajJoM ko Amantrita karatA hai / " kumAra hIra kA dIkSApUrva alaMkaraNa damayantI tathA nala kI vivAhapUrva sajjA para AdhArita hai| devavimala 13. naiSadha 7.23, 64, 77, 101, 87, 60, 27; hIra0 kramazaH 2.18, 24, 41, 6.28, 51, 130, 135 Adi Adi. 14. nirIya bhUpena nirIkSitAnanA zazaMsa mauhattikasaMsadazakam / naiSadha, 15.8. AjuhAva gaNakAnsa suvANIn / hIrasaubhAgya 5.61.

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 132 naiSadha ke isa varNana se isa taraha abhibhUta hai ki usane isa prasaMga kA, apanI zabdAvalI meM, punarAkhyAna kara diyA hai / " naiSadha kA RNI hotA huA bhI devavimala kA yaha varNana zrIharSa kI dUrArUr3ha vAyavIyatA se mukta hone ke kAraNa adhika rocaka tathA prabhAvazAlI hai / pravrajyA ke lie jAte samaya kumAra hIra ko dekhane ko utsuka paurAMganAoM ke sambhramacitraNa (5.158 - 179 ) kI preraNA devavimala ko naiSadhacarita ke pandrahaveM sarga se milI hogI, jahAM nala ko dekhane ko lAlAyita puranAriyoM kA aisA hI citraNa kiyA gayA hai (15.74 - 12) | devavimala ne bhAvoM kI apekSA naiSadha se yaha kAvyarUr3hi grahaNa kI hai| devavimala zrIharSa ke kucha bhAvoM kA bhI RNI hai| donoM meM adha ughar3e stana kI maMgalaghaTa ke rUpa meM kalpanA kI gayI hai aura hAra ke bikharate motiyoM ko lAjA ke rUpa meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai / " damayantI ke vivAha ke avasara para kuNDinapura kI adbhuta sajAvaTa kI hai tathA mAMgalika vAdyanAda kiyA jAtA hai ( 15.13-18 ) / isI prakAra kumAra hIra ke dIkSArthaM jAte samaya aNahilapattana ko sajAyA jAtA hai tathA tUryanAda se harSa kI abhivyakti kI jAtI hai (5.148 - 157 ) / hIrakumAra tathA bhaginI vimalA ke saMvAda ( 5.36- 90 ) para naiSadha ke tRtIya sarga meM haMsa tathA damayantI ke vArtAlApa kA prabhAva hai / donoM meM haMsa tathA hIra tarka bala se apane pakSa kA samarthana karate haiN| tathA antata: unheM apane uddezya meM saphalatA milatI hai / naiSadha ke prathama sarga meM, damayantI ke pUrva rAga se vyathita nala, ghor3e para savAra hokara, anya azvArohiyoM ke sAtha, upavana meM manovinoda ke lie jAtA hai (1.57 - 73) / apane mitroM ke sAtha, ghor3e para baiThakara hIrakumAra ke nagara ke nikaTavartI udyAna meM jAne kA varNana ( 5.132 - 147), naiSadha ke ukta prakaraNa se prerita hai / donoM meM kahIM-kahIM bhAvoM kI samAnatA bhI dikhAI detI hai / 17 15. (i) tadA tadaMgasya birbhAta vibhramaM vilepanAmodamucaH sphuradra ucaH / darasphuTatkAMcanaketakIdalAt suvarNamabhyasyati saurabhaM yadi // naiSadha, 15.25 saurabhaM sumanasAM samudAyo'dhyApayed yadi mahArajatasya / aMgarAgalalitArbhaka mUrta stallabheta tulanAM kalayApi / / hIrasaubhAgya, 5-101. (i) dhRtaitayA hATakapaTTikAlike babhUva kezAmbudavidyudeva sA // naiSadha, 15.32 vibhrameNa cirAmbudharANAM hrAdinIva nikaTe viluThantI / hIrasaubhAgya, 5.107 Adi Adi 16. naiSadha, 15-74 - hIra0 5.170; naiSadha, 15-75, hIra0 5.173. 17. naiSadha, 1.57, hIra0 5.132; naiSadha 1.64, hIra0 5.140.

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hIrasaubhAgya : devavimalagaNi 133 kAvyazAstrIya vidhAna kA pAlana karate hue zrIharSa tathA devavimala donoM ne apane kAvyoM meM prakRticitraNa ko paryApta sthAna diyA hai / naiSadha ke unnIsaveM sarga meM prabhAta kA varNana hai jo zAstrIyatA tathA prauDhokti ke bhAra se daba kara adRzya-sA ho gayA hai| hIrasaubhAgya ke dvitIya tathA navama sarga meM devavimala se nizAvasAna tathA sUryodaya kA citraNa kiyA hai| dvitIya sarga kA rAjyanta kA citraNa adhika kavitvapUrNa tathA cittAkarSaka hai / isI prakAra donoM kaviyoM ne rAtri tathA candrodaya kA varNana kiyA hai / naiSadha ke bAisaveM sarga meM candrodaya kA vistRta varNana nala-damayantI kI keliyoM kI mAdaka bhUmikA nirmita karatA hai| devavimala ne saptama sarga meM ise sthAna diyA hai, jo zAsanadevI ke AvirbhAva kI pRSThabhUmi mAnA jA sakatA hai| prakRticitraNa ke ina prasaMgoM meM donoM kAvyoM meM atyalpa sAmya hai / aprastutoM ke santulita tathA vivekapUrNa prayoga ke kAraNa hIrasaubhAgya kA prakRticitraNa naiSadha kI apekSA zreSTha tathA rocaka hai| __ naiSadhacarita tathA hIrasaubhAgya donoM aprastutoM ke asahya bhAra se AkrAnta haiM / zrIharSa ke aprastuta zAstrIya tathA dUrArUr3ha haiM / ata: ve prastuta viSaya ke vizadIkaraNa meM sahAyaka nahIM haiM / deva vimala ke aprastutoM ko sAmAnyataH saMyata kahA jA sakatA hai| devavimala ke lie naiSadhacarita dharmagrantha se kama pUjanIya nahIM hai / usane na kevala uparyukta prasaMgoM meM zrIharSa ke bhAvoM/padAvalI ko grahaNa kiyA hai apitu usake viziSTa bhASAtmaka prayogoM ko kAvya meM samAviSTa kiyA hai aura svopajJa TIkA meM isa RNa ko kRtajJatApUrvaka svIkAra kiyA hai| rasayojanA ___ samasta kAvyaguNoM tathA anya vizeSatAoM ke bAvajUda hIrasaubhAgya kA uddezya, saMyamadhana AcArya hIrasUri ke ni:spRha carita ke dvArA, saMsAra kI aparihArya du:khamayatA ke virodhI dhra va ke rUpa meM mokSa kI sukhamayatA kI sthApanA karanA hai / isa udAtta uddezya kI pUrti ke lie kAvya meM, kaI sthaloM para, jIvana kI bhaMguratA, bhogoM kI virasatA tathA saMyama aura aparigraha ke gaurava kA tatparatA se pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| phalata: hIrasaubhAgya meM zAntarasa kI pradhAnatA hai| devavimala ne svayaM prakArAntara se kAvya meM zAntarasa kI paripUrNatA kA saMketa kiyA hai---prazAntaH rasaiH pUrita: pUrNakAmo bhavAn (11.64) / hIrasaubhAgya meM, caudahaveM sarga meM samrATa akabara tathA hIravijayasUri kI dharmacarcA ke antargata aura dasaveM tathA satarahaveM sarga meM zAntarasa ke Alambana vibhAvoM kA citraNa huA hai / zAntarasa ke ina AdhArabhUta bhAvoM kA sazakta nirUpaNa paMcama sarga meM vijayadAnasUri kI dezanA meM dikhAI detA hai, jahAM

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 134 sambandhoM kI asthiratA kiyA gayA hai / " parantu saMsAra kI nissAratA tathA durgamatA, dhanavaibhava kI caMcalatA, aura manuSya kI svArtha-parAyaNatA kA hRdayasparzI varNana kAvya meM zAntarasa kI sabase samartha abhivyakti, hIrasUri kI nirIhatA ke varNana ke prasaMga meM, prastuta padya meM huI hai / AtmatoSI tapasvI kA vaibhava aizvaryasampanna samrAT se kisI prakAra kama nahIM hai / vizve vezmani tAramauktikanabhazcandrodaya bhrAjini jyotistailabhRtauSadhIpriyatame snehapriyodbhAsini / AzliSyopazamazriyaM nijabhujagaNDopadhAnAMkite pake jagatItale sukhamamI bhUmIzavaccherate " // 13.208 zAntarasa ke atirikta hIrasaubhAgya meM vIra, zrRMgAra, vAtsalya, adbhuta tathA karuNa kI, aMga rUpa meM, niSpatti huI hai, jo mukhya rasa ke sAtha milakara kAvya meM tIvra rasAtmakatA kI sRSTi karate haiM / dasaveM sarga meM akabara kI digvijaya kA varNana yadyapi kAlpanika hai tathApi usase mugalasamrAT ke parAkrama evaM yuddhakauzala kA yatheSTa paricaya milatA hai / devavimala ke zabdoM meM vIrarasa kA mUrta rUpa yoddhA hai - sAMgA jhva kvacana vIrarasAzca vIrAH (6.61 ) / zrIharSa kI bhAMti devavimala ke vIrarasa ko 'Tipikala darabArI' kahanA to ucita nahIM kintu vaha, kaI sthaloM para, isI pravRtti kA AbhAsa detA hai / eka udAharaNa paryApta hogA / yatkIrtividviSadakItihatapratIpA sRkpaMktijaha, nutaraNihiNAMgajAbhiH / janyAvanIyadavanIzazinastriveNI saMga H kimAvirabhavattridivAbhikAnAm // 10.27 digvijaya se akabara ko kIrti prApta huI / zatru ko akIrti milI 18. hIrasaubhAgya, 5.15, 22, 24, 25. 16. tulanA kIjie--mahI ramyA zayyA vipulamupadhAnaM bhujalatA vitAnaM cAkAzaM vyajanamanukUlo'yamanilaH / sphuraddIpazcandro virativanitAsaMgamuditaH sukhaM zAntazzete muniratanubhUtirnRpa iva // bhartRhari, vairAgyazataka, 73. 20. tulanA kIjie -- dveSyAkIrtikalindazailasutayA nadyAsya yaddordvayI kIrtizreNI samAgamamagAd gaMgA raNaprAMgaNe / tattasminvinimajya bAhujabhaTairArambhi ramamAparIrambhAnandaniketanandanavanakrIDAdarADambaraH // naiSadha, 12.12

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hIrasaubhAgya : devavimalagaNi 135 raNabhUmi meM mRta vipakSI yoddhAoM ke rakta kI dhArA pravAhita ho gyii| kIrti nirmala gaMgA hai / zatru ke apayaza kI kAlimA kRSNavarNA yamunA hai| rakta kI dhArA sarasvatI kI pratinidhi hai| tInoM pavitra nadiyoM ke saMgama ke kAraNa yuddhasthala prayAga bana gayA hai / vIra yoddhA samarAMgaNa kI usa triveNI meM snAna kara--marakara--svarga ko prApta hue jaise prayAga meM snAna karane se puNyAtmA vyakti svarga kA sukha bhogatA hIrasaubhAgya meM zrRMgAra ke citraNa ke lie adhika avakAza nahIM hai| vaise bhI zRMgAra zAnta kA virodhI hai, jo kAvya kA aMgI rasa hai| hIrasaubhAgya meM vipralambha kA nitAnta abhAva hai| kAvyanAyaka ke mAtA-pitA nAthI tathA kurAM kI yauvanasulabha kAmakeliyoM meM sambhoga zRMgAra kA madhura citra dikhAI detA hai| rati aura kAma kI taraha vaha madira dampatI yauvana ko pora-pora bhogane ko Atura hai| . atho mithaH prItiparItadampatI imau klaakelivilaasshiilinau| vilesatuH kelisaraHsaridvanIgirIndrabhUmISu ratismarAviva // 2.56 praphullakaMkellirasAlamallikAkadambajamba nikurmbcumbite| alIva sAkaM sudRzA sa niSkuTe kadApi reme zritasUnazIlanaH // 2.61 zRMgAra kA phala vAtsalya hai| hIrasaubhAgya meM, kumAra hIra ke zaizava ke varNana meM, vAtsalya rasa kI manorama abhivyakti milI hai| dhAtrI dvArA bolane kA abhyAsa karAne para vaha sugge kI bhAMti tutalAlA huA tathA usakI aMgulI pakar3a kara Thumaka Thumaka kara calatA huA, mAtA-pitA kA mana mohita karatA hai| dhAtryoditAM prathamataH pRthukaprakANDaH kIrasya zAva iva cArumuvAca vAcam / tasyAH punaH samavalamjya karAMgulIH sa lIlAyitaM vitanute sma gato svikAyAm // 3.71. kathAnaka kI kucha ghaTanAeM adbhuta rasa kI sRSTi karatI haiM / satarahaveM sarga meM, zAsanadevI padmAvatI samudra se prakaTa hokara sArthavAha sAgara ko AtmahatyA karane se rokatI hai| samudratala se prApta jina-bimba ke prabhAva se samudra kA samUcA utpAta zAnta ho jAtA hai / isa prasaMga meM adbhuta rasa kI niSpatti huI hai / kRSTeva tdbhaagybhraistdaavirbhuuyaabhrmaarge'bdhigbhiirraavaa| padmAvatI vAcamimAmuvAca mA vatsa kArSiriha sAhasaM tvam // 17.40. kSaNAdadRzyo'bhavadindrajAlamivopasargo'tha prabhoH prabhAvAt / camatkRtastatpravilokya peTAmabhyarcya bhogAdi puro vyadhatta // 17.46. karuNarasa kA prasaMga kAvya ke antima sarga meM hai| guru hIravijaya ke svargA

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya rohaNa para vijayasenasUri kA vilApa hRdaya ko karuNA karane meM samartha hai| kintu devavimala kA karuNarasa mArmikatA se rahita hai| vaha adhikatara krandana tathA guNasmaraNa taka sImita hai / prastuta padya meM yahI pravRtti dRSTigocara hotI hai / ___ ucchinnaH surabhUruho'pyapagatA 'svardhAmadhenuH puna bhagnaH kAmaghaTo maNiH sumanasAM cUrNIbabhUva kSaNAt / dagdhA citralatA gataH zakalatA hA dakSiNAvartabhRt, kambuH svargigRhaM gate tvayi gurau zrIhIrasUrIzvare // 17.203 prakRticitraNa hIrasaubhAgya ke virAT phalaka para prakRti kA savistAra citraNa huA hai / mukhyataH saptama tathA navama sarga meM, gauNata: anyatra, devavimala kI tUlikA ne nagara, upavana, SaDRtu, sUryAsta, andhakAra, rAtri, candrodaya, rAtryanta, prabhAta, sUryodaya, nadI, parvata Adi ke abhirAma citra aMkita kie haiM / sthAna-sthAna para prakRti kA yaha citraNa carita-paraka kAvya ke vivaraNa meM rocakatA kA saMcAra karatA hai| hIrasaubhAgya ke isa vyApaka prakRti-varNana ko kavi ke prakRti-prema kA pratIka mAnA jA sakatA hai, kintu devavimala kA vAstavika uddezya zrIharSa ke pagacihnoM para calate hue, kAvyazAstrIya vidhAna kI khAnApUrti karanA hai| isIlie naiSadha kI bhAMti hIrasaubhAgya meM sandhyAcandrodaya tathA nizAvasAna-sUryodaya ko pramukhatA prApta hai| zrIharSa kI bhA~ti prakRticitraNa meM deva vimala kA Agraha adhikatara ukti-vaicitrya kI ora hai| usakA yaha ukti-vaicitrya kAvya meM prAya: aprastuta-vidhAna kA paridhAna pahana kara AyA hai, jo svayaM bahudhA utprekSA ke rUpa meM prakaTa huA hai, yadyapi usameM zleSa, arthAntaranyAsa Adi bhI anusyUta rahate haiM / aprastutavidhAna kI kuzala yojanA ke kAraNa hIrasaubhAgya kA prakRticitraNa adbhuta saundarya tathA dIpti se taralita hai| jahA~ zrIharSa ne apanI bahuvidha vidvattA tathA kalpanAzIlatA ke kAraNa apane aprastutoM ko itanA vAyavIya banA diyA hai ki ve bahudhA aMlakArya ke saundarya ko dhvasta kara dete haiM, vahA~ devavimala ke aprastuta prastuta ko vizadatA pradAna karate haiN| devagmila ke aprastutoM ke srotoM kA saMketa Age yathAsthAna kiyA jaaegaa| yahA~ itanA kahanA paryApta hogA ki vaha eka prastuta ke lie AsAnI se aneka aprastuta juTA sakatA hai, jo usakI kalpanAzIlatA kA prabala pramANa hai| sAtaveM sarga meM sAndhya rAga tathA candrodaya kA aura naveM sarga meM prabhAta kA varNana karate samaya to usane apanI kalpanA kA koza luTA diyA hai| sUrya asta ho gayA hai| AkAza meM sandhyA kI gADhI lAlimA phaila gayI hai| kavi kI kalpanA hai ki vizvavijayI kAma ne, ucita avasara jAnakara, gaganAMgana meM

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hIrasaubhAgya : devavimalagaNi 137 apane zivira ke lAla kheme gAr3a die haiM (7.35), athavA rAtri rUpI nAyikA ne apane 'pati candramA kA svAgata karane ke lie AkAza meM kuMkuma ke mAMgalika thApe lagAe haiM (7.36), athavA apane svAmI sUrya kI sAyaMkAlIna durdazA dekhakara dizAoM kI vadhuoM ne du:khavaza muha kA pAna AkAza meM thUka diyA hai (7.41) / sAndhyarAga tathA navodita aMdhakAra kA aMtamilana aisA pratIta hotA hai mAno samudra meM pravAlalatA para kRSNavallarI ke aMkura phUTa gae hoM (7.43), athavA raktakamala para makaranda pAna karane ke lie bhramara baiThe hoM (7.44) athavA devatAoM ne abhramArga para kuMkuma tathA kastUrI kA mizrita drava chir3aka diyA ho (7.45) / tAroM tathA candramA ke udaya ke varNana meM bhI aprastutoM kA yahI vaibhava dikhAI detA hai| AkAza meM jhilamilAte tAre, rAtri dvArA priyatama candramA ke svAgata meM bikhere puSpa pratIta hote haiM (7.55), athavA pRthvI aura AkAza meM vyApta gahana aMdhakAra ko lIlane ko kaTibaddha caMdramA kI senA tAroM ke rUpa meM gagana meM phaila gaI ho (7.56), athavA ve dinanAyaka ke sAtha cirakAla taka ramaNa karatI huI AkAzalakSmI ke svedakaNa hoM (7.57) / sampUrNa caMdramaNDala kavi kI kalpanA meM aisA pUrNa vikasita zvetaka mala hai, jisake bIca madhupAna ke lie Atura bhramara baiThA ho (7.72), athavA vaha vratirAja hIravijaya kI saccaritratA se vismita brahmA ke hAtha se girA huA kamaNDala ho (7.73) / naveM sarga meM nizAvasAna tathA prabhAta kA varNana bhI aprastutoM kI mArmikatA se paripUrNa hai| candramA pazcimI sAgara meM DUba gayA hai| kavi ko lagatA hai ki usane apane zAzvata zatru rAhu ko bAMdhane ke lie, pAza kI khoja meM, jaladevatA varuNa se mitratA kara lI hai (6.37) / prAtaHkAla tAre asta ho gae haiN| kavi kI kalpanA hai ki prabhAta ke bhUkhe pakSI ne tAroM ke cAvala cuga lie haiM / (7.43) sAndhyarAga kI bhAMti prAtaHkAlIna lAlimA ke varNana meM bhI atIva saTIka upamAna prayukta kie gae haiM / apanI priyA, prAcI dizA, ko bhogakara svarga meM jAte hue indra ne AkAza meM pAna thUka diyA hai| usI kI lAlimA uSArAga ke rUpa meM phaila gayI hai (7.56) athavA devatAoM kI vilAsazayyAoM se gire kamaladaloM ne AkAza ko lAla banA diyA hai (7.60) / prAtaHkAlIna navodita sUrya pUrva dizA kA kuNDala pratIta hotA hai, jo usake kapola ke kuMkuma se bhIga gayA hai (7.61), athavA airAvata ne madavaza vaprakrIr3A karate-karate gairika parvata kI eka zilA AkAza meM uchAla dI hai (7.63) / prakRti-citraNa meM devavimala ke dUsare aprastuta ve haiM, jinheM hama dUrArUDha kaha sakate haiM / zrIharSa kI tulanA meM to unheM bhI sahaja kahA jAegA kintu svayaM devavimala ke anya aprastutoM kI apekSA unameM UhAtmakatA adhika hai| usane itanI dUra kI kaur3I to nahIM phaikI ki sUrya kI kiraNeM use svarita ke Rju cihna athavA kabUtaroM kI ghuTara

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138 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya cUM vyAkaraNa kI ghu saMjJA pratIta ho para usakI kucha kalpanAeM aTapaTI-sI haiM / sUrya ke arddha maNDala ko caNDI ke sAlaktaka pAdaprahAra se lAla, zaMkara kI caMdrakalA ke rUpa meM kalpita karanA (7.22), gADhAndhakAra ko virahI cakravAka yugaloM ke viSAda kI dhUmarekhA mAnanA (7.51), tAroM kI muNDamAlA se tulanA karanA (7.60) tathA sUrya kI prabhA ko hari (siMha, bhAnu) dvArA mAre gae aMdhakAra rUpI hAthiyoM ke gaNDasthaloM se pravAhita rakta kI dhArA mAnanA (6.68) nissandeha sahaja nahIM hai| prakRti-citraNa meM devavimala ne jisa viveka se anUThe aprastutoM kI kalpanA kI hai, vahI kauzala usane prakRti ko mAnavI rUpa dene meM pradarzita kiyA hai / saptama sarga meM prakRti ke mAnavIkaraNa kI jhar3I-sI laga gayI hai| isa dRSTi se sUryAsta kA varNana vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / isa prasaMga meM sUrya ko pitA kA rUpa diyA hai / maraNAsanna pitA jaise apane hRdayahIna putroM kI udAsInatA ke kAraNa apanI asahAyatA para krodha se jhaMjhalA uThatA hai, usI prakAra vipatti meM santAna-tulya kiraNoM ko sAtha chor3atA dekha kara sUrya krodha se lAla ho gayA hai| anyatra usa para lampaTa ke AcaraNa kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai, jo apanI pativratA patnI ko chor3akara, anya kisI strI ke pAsa calA jAtA hai (7.17) / isI prakaraNa meM kamalinI tathA bhramaroM ko padminI nAyikA tathA madamAte yuvakoM kI ceSTAoM meM rata aMkita kiyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra yuvaka kisI kAminI ko bhoga kara chor3a dete haiM, usI taraha saMdhyA ke samaya bhramara kamalinI ke kozakucoM kA mardana tathA patrAdhara kA rasapAna karake ratiklAMta kamalinI ko chor3a kara bhAga rahe haiN| sarojinI kozakucI nipIDayAdharacchade pItarasaiH svavAtAt / mIlanmukhI kampamiSAnniSedhI jahe maheleva yuvavadvirephaiH // 7.26 rAtryaMta ke manorama varNana meM pUrva dizA ko garbhiNI ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| jaise garbhabhAra se zlatha strI AbhUSaNa Adi utAra detI hai aura usakA muMha pIlA par3a jAtA hai, usI prakAra pUrvadizA, navodita sUrya ko garbha meM dhAraNa kie hue hai, usane nakSatra rUpI bhUSaNa tyAga diye haiM aura usake mukhamaNDala para pItimA chA gayI hai| prapUrNapAthorahabandhubhiNI tnuubhvttaarktaarbhuussnnaa| hareharitpANDurimANamAnane bitti mattebhagateva susthite // 2.112 prastuta paMktiyoM meM pRthvI para preyasI kA adhyAropa kiyA gayA hai, jo cirapravAsa se lauTe priyatama pAvasa ko dekhakara romAMcita ho gayI hai tathA papIhe ke madhura 22. viniyogena nijAstapazyAnputrAnivotsaMgajuSaH svarazmIn / dRSTvA yiyAtUMstaduhItakopAdivAraNIbhUtamavAraNena ||hiirsaubhaagy, 7.144

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rasaubhAgya : devavimala gaNi 13e zabda se usakI cATutA karatI huI mayUroM ke nRtya ke rUpa meM Ananda se jhUma uThI hai / prApte priye'mbe'jani bhUjanIyaM vappIharAvaiH kRtacATukeva / prodbhinnakandaiH pulakAMkitevArabdhahAreva kalApilAsyaiH // 13.105 devavimala kI prakRti yadyapi zrIharSa kI bhAMti saMyoga-viyoga kI uddIpanagata prakRti nahIM hai, kintu pAvasa ke varNana meM prakRti ke uddIpaka pakSa ke eka-do udAharaNa milate haiM / vahAM meghagarjanA ko kAma ko punarjIvita kara pathikoM ke hRdaya kA manthama karate hue tathA bijalI kI camaka ko virahiNiyoM ke zarIra ko bhasmIbhUta karane vAle Agneya astra ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai / pravAsihRdvAridhimAthamanthAcalopamaM vAridharo jagarja / 13.101 kArzAnavaM zastramiva prayuktaM vyalIlasad vyomnIva taDidvitAnam // 13.103 apane prakRti-prema ke kAraNa devavimala ne prakRti ko upamAna ke rUpa meM bhI grahaNa kiyA hai / dohadodaya ke kAraNa pahale kSINa huI, phira dohadapUrti se puSTa zarIra vAlI nAthI kI tulanA phAlguna meM patrarahita kintu caitra meM puSpoM, patroM tathA phaloM se bharI vanasthalI se kI gayI hai / isa mArmika upamAna se garmiNI nAthI ke zarIra kI zithilatA tathA sthUlatA anAyAsa bimbita ho jAtI hai ( 3.12) / saundaryacitraNa hIrasaubhAgya kA saundarya citraNa bhI aprastutoM kI nIMva para AdhArita hai / devavimala ne zrIharSa kA anukaraNa karate hue do sargoM (dvitIya tathA aSTama) meM nArI saundarya kA nakhazikha varNana kiyA hai / pahale kahA gayA hai ki devavimala kA uddezya isa varNana ke dvArA damayantI ke nakhazikha citraNa kA samAnAntara prastuta karanA hai| zAsana devI ke devatva ko bhUlakara use zuddha mAnavI rUpa meM citrita karane meM yahI bhAvanA sakriya hai / dvitIya sarga meM ibhyapatnI nAthI ke saundarya kA citraNa adhika vistRta nahIM hai / kintu aSTama sarga meM devavimala ne zAsana kI adhiSThAtrI devI kA saundarya usI prakAra jamakara TheTha kAvyazailI meM varNita kiyA hai" jaise zrIharSa ne damayantI kA ApAdamastaka citraNa kiyA hai| devavimala ke ye donoM varNana naiSadha ke saptama sarga se atyadhika prabhAvita haiM tathA donoM meM zabdagata evaM bhAvagata sAmya kA prAcurya hai, parantu devavimala kA varNana maryAdA kA ullaMghana nahIM karatA aura na vaha naiSadha ke saundaryacitraNa kI bhAMti kliSTa kalpanAoM athavA dUrArUr3ha aprastutoM se AkrAMta hai / zrIharSa damayantI ke guhya nArI aMga ko bhI nahIM bhUle, devavimala zAsanadevI ke peDU taka pahuMca kara ruka gaye / kavitva kI dRSTi se damayantI kA saundaryavarNana do kaur3I 23. nakharazikharAdArabhyeti kamAccikurAvadhi / prathitasuSamAmAzliSyantI puraH zuzubhe prabhoH // hIrasaubhAgya, 8.170

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 140 kA hai / aprastutoM kI vivekapUrNa yojanA ke kAraNa hIrasaubhAgya kA varNana atIva rocaka tathA kavitvapUrNa hai / devavimala ke bhI kucha aprastuta kliSTatA se mukta nahIM haiM kintu ve vAyavIya nahIM hai| eka-eka varNya aMga ke liye aneka aprastuta juTAne kA devavimala kA kauzala saundaryacitraNa meM bhI dikhAI detA hai / isI kauzala ke kAraNa nAtha zRMgAra-naTa kI jaMgama raMgazAlA ( 2.16) tathA zAsanadevI kAma kI AyudhazAlA (8.167) pratIta hotI hai / devavimala ke adhikatara aprastuta bahuta upayukta tathA mArmika haiN| unase varNanIya aMgoM kA saundarya tatkAla prasphuTita ho jAtA hai / katipaya udAharaNa paryApta hoMge / nAthI ke lalATa para laharAtI alaka, vikasita kamala ke bhrama se usa para baiThA bhauMrA hai ( 2.18 ) / usakI nAsikA ke Upara zobhAyamAna bhrUyugma vizvavijaya ke bAda kAma dvArA usakI zArIrika kAnti ke sAgara meM sthApita yaza: stambha hai jisa para dhvajA phaharA rahI hai (2.22) / usakI svarNAkAra pITha, jisameM puSpa - khacita kezarAzi prabimbita hai, aisI pratIta hotI hai mAno sumeru parvata kI zilA ho jisameM grahAMkita gagana vIthi kI chAyA par3a rahI hai ( 2.38 ) / zAsanadevI ke caraNoM kI lAlimA pAdavandanA karate samaya devAMganAoM kI mAMga se bharatA sindUra hai ( 8.16) / usakA jaghana ( peDU ), rati kA isa bhaya se nirmita guhya gRha hai ki kahIM zambhu kAma kI bhAMti mujhe bhI bhasma kara de (8.43 ) / usakI nAbhi usake anupama lAvaNya ke jalAzaya meM vikasita kamalinI hai, jo saghana krAnti ke makaranda se sAndra hai tathA jisa para rasikoM kI kAmuka dRSTi thiraka rahI hai ( 6.51 ) / usakI kaTi ( madhya bhAga) apane zatru zaMkara ko bhasma karane ke liye kAma dvArA nirmita alpAkAra tapovedI hai ( 8.54 ) / usake kAna aise lagate haiM mAnoM brahmA ne rati aura prIti ke sAtha bhUlane ke liye kAma ke jhUle banAye hoM (8.139) / inake viparIta devavimala ne saundarya-citraNa meM kucha aise aprastuta prayukta kiye haiM, jinheM hama dUrArUDha kaha sakate haiM / ve zrIharSa ke upamAnoM kI taraha bhAvAbhivyakti meM bAdhaka to nahIM hai kintu unameM kliSTatA avazya hai, jo kahIM-kahIM aTapaTepana kI sImA . taka pahuMca jAtI hai / kucha udAharaNoM se bAta spaSTa ho jAegI / devavimala yuvaka hIrakumAra ke lAla hoThoM kA varNana kara rahe haiM / kavi kA vizvAsa hai ki kumAra kA nAsikA rUpI zuka usake karNapAza meM phaMsa kara chaTapaTA rahA hai / usakI coMca se bimba phala sahasA chUTa gayA hai / kumAra ke mukha taka pahuMca kara vahI usakA hoMTha bana 24. yasya prazasyayazasaH zrutipAzamadhyaniSpAtinatra zukacaMcapuTAtkathaMcit / bimbIphalaM vigalitaM skhalitaM ca vaktra padmodare kimu radacchadanIbabhUva // vahI, 3.64

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hIrasaubhAgya : devavimalagaNi 141 gayA hai| usakI bhujAeM caMcala lakSmI ko bAMdhane ke pAza haiM (3.107) / usake dA~toM kI rAjahaMsoM se tulanA karanA (3.87) bhI kama hAsyAspada nahIM hai / zAsana devI ke kAna nau ke aMka ke samAna isaliye pratIta hote haiM kyoMki usane saundarya meM aThAraha (EX 2) dvIpoM kI mahilAoM ko pachAr3a diyA hai (8.142) / usakI bhauMhoM ke varNana kI yaha kalpanA bhI kama camatkArajanaka nahIM hai| yatirAja hIravijaya se jUjhate- jUjhate kAmadeva kA zarIra jarjara ho gayA hai / calate samaya use sahArA dene ke lie vidhi ne zAsana devatA kI bhauMhoM kI lAThI banA dI hai (8.148) / atyadhika vistAra ke kAraNa devavimala ke saundarya varNana meM piSTa-peSaNa bhI huA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vaha jyoM-jyoM apane pAtroM ke zArIrika saundarya kA citraNa karatA gayA, usakI kalpanAzIlatA cukatI gyii| isIliye usane aSTama sarga meM kaI pUrvavartI bhAvoM kI AvRtti kI hai / kumAra hIra kA dIkSA-pUrva alaMkaraNa damayantI kI vivAha-pUrva sajjA se atyadhika prabhAvita tathA prerita hai, isakA saMketa pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| hIrasaubhAgya kA aprastutavidhAna uparyukta donoM prakaraNoM se aprastutavidhAna meM devavimala kI nipuNatA kA paryApta paricaya milatA hai| hIrasaubhAgya vakrokti pradhAna kAvya hai| devavimala ke pAsa aprastutoM kA akSaya bhaNDAra hai, jo usakI utkRSTa kalpanAzIlatA kA dyotaka hai| devavimala kI ye kalpanAe~ adhikatara utprekSA ke rUpa meM prakaTa huI haiM25 yadyapi atizayokti, zleSa, upamA, aprastutaprazaMsA Adi bhI unakI abhivyakti ke mAdhyama bane haiM / kAlidAsa ke pazcAdvartI kaviyoM meM svabhAvokti se jo vimukhatA dikhAI detI hai, usakI carama pariNati naiSadha meM huI hai| hIrasaubhAgya naiSadhacarita kI paramparA kI antima samartha kar3I hai| aprastutavidhAna kI kuzalatA ke kAraNa hI devavimala ko saMskRta kaviyoM meM sammAnita pada prApta hai| devavimala ke aprastuta tIna mukhya vargoM meM bAMTe jA sakate hai - zAstrIya kalpanAe~, paramparAgata aprastuta tathA lokajIvana se gRhIta kalpanAeM ! devavimala ke zAstrIya aprastuta darzana-zAstra ke atirikta purANoM tathA jyotiSa se liye gaye haiN| hIrayaubhAgya ke kucha zAstrIya aprastuta zramasAdhya haiM, yadyapi unameM zrIharSa ke zAstrIya upamAnoM kI kliSTatA nahIM hai| 'nazyannivAnyajanahatparamANumadhye' (10.106) kA marma taba taka samajha meM nahIM A sakatA jaba taka yaha 243. dekhiye-8.44-2.47; 2.25-8.67; 2.48-8.40; 3.110-8.50; 3.114.8.76 Adi-Adi / 25. ihAkhile'pi kAvye kevalamutprekSava / TIkA, 1.66.

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142 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya jJAta na ho ki nyAya darzana meM mana ko paramANu mAnA gayA hai| zizu hIra meM sAmudrika lakSaNoM kA pUrNa sAmaJjasya thA arthAt unameM paraspara virodha nahIM thA jaise naiyAyika sadupamAna ( saba prakAra se yogya upamAna) meM vyabhicAri-bhAva svIkAra nahIM karate ( 3.80 ) / akabara kA Adeza thA ki hIravijaya sUri ko gujarAta se Ate samaya leza mAtra bhI kaSTa na ho jaise brahma meM lIna hone para AtmA ko tanika bhI duHkha prApta nahI hotA" / yaha upamAna jaina darzana para AdhArita hai| sIkarI jAte hue hIravijaya ne zAkhApura meM nivAsa kiyA jaise carama zarIrI jIva kevalajJAna rUpI lakSmI prApta karane ke liye pahale kSapaka zreNI kA Azraya letA hai ( 13.63) / 'mahAnandayuktAzca muktAtmavat' (11.32) meM muktAtmA kI akhaNDa Ananda kI sthiti kA saMketa hai / jyotiSa para AdhArita upamAna kavi ko vizeSa priya haiM / AcArya hIra vijaya ne varSAkAla ke pazcAt ugrasenapura (AgarA) se Akara phatehapura sIkarI ko punaH aise vibhUSita kiyA jaise bRhaspati mithuna rAzi se uccatAprada karka rAzi meM praveza karatA hai (14.63) / hIrasUri ke Agamana kI sUcanA dene ke liye sthAnasiMha zekha abula fajala ke pAsa AyA jisa prakAra budha sUrya ke samIpa AtA hai ( 13.121) ! isa upamA kA mahattva tabhI samajhA jA sakatA jaba yaha vidita ho ki jyotiSa zAstra meM budha sUrya kA mitra mAnA gayA hai / candramA amAvasyA ko sUrya ke pAsa jAkara usase teja prApta karatA hai / isa jyotiSa ke siddhAnta kA saMketa do bAra kiyA gayA hai (5.25,13.118 ) / dillI ne apane vaibhava se abhibhUta kiyA jaise kAlI ne mahiSAsura ko parAjita karake prahAra kiyA thA ( 10.6) / pAtAla loka ko aise usake sira para pAda lene kA nAthI ke (2.37) / astroM se devavimala ke dUsare aprastuta ve haiM, jo yadyapi zAstrIya nahIM haiM kintu inameM afa ne dUra kI kaur3I pheMkI hai / kAmadeva ne zaMkara se pUrva vaira kA badalA nizcaya kiyA hai / usane zambhu ke pAMca mukhoM para prahAra karane ke liye hAtha rUpI tarakaza meM aMguliyoM ke pAMca tIra surakSita rakha diye haiM parantu usane zIghra anubhava kiyA ki zaMkara ko una tIroM athavA anya parAjita karanA sambhava nahIM hai / ataH usane nAthI tathA zAsana devI ke rUpa eka amogha cakra kA nirmANa kiyA hai ( 2.47, 8.44 ) / candrakhaNDa mere sAtha hor3a karane kI dhRSTatA karatA hai, isase kruddha hokara zAsana devatA ke lalATa ne usase lar3ane ke liye bhauMhoM kI talavAra uThA lI hai| bhauMha ke liye 'karavAla' upamAna navIna hone para bhI aTapaTA hai / AkAza meM chiTake tAre aise mAlUma par3ate haiM mAno 26. asAtasya lezo'pi tenaikapadyAM yathAvApyate nAtmanA brahmaNIva / hIra saubhAgya, nitamba ke 11.17

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hIrasaubhAgya : devavimalagaNi 143 devatAoM dvArA amRta samApta kara dene para kSIrasAgara kA punaH manthana kiyA jA rahA ho / usake jalakaNa tAre bana kara phaila gaye haiM (8.65) / lokavyavahAra para AdhArita aprastuta bahuta rocaka haiN| unase varNya bhAvoM ko vANI milI hai / sAndhyarAga aisA pratIta hotA hai mAnoM AkAzalakSmI ne apane priyatama candramA ke bhAvI Agamana kI prasannatA se zarIra para kuMkuma kA lepa kara liyA ho (7.38) / athavA devAMganAoM ke caraNoM kA maNDana karatI huI prasAdhikA ke hAtha se gira kara alaktakarasa AkAza meM phaila gayA ho (40) / tAroM ke varNana meM kavi ne hRdayagrAhI kalpanAeM kI haiN| tAre aise lagate haiM mAnoM rAtri ke durvyavahAra se pIDita dina ke yogI ne use zApa dekara cAvala bikhera diye hoM (7.61) / athavA svagaMgA ke taTa para, viyukta cakavoM ke azrukaNa gire hoM (7.64) / sampUrNa candramaNDala indra dvArA apanI priyA--pUrva dizA -- ko bheMTA gayA vikasita zveta kamala hai (7.72) / dhAna se bharA kheta pRthvI kA maNijaTita nIla nicola (lahaMgA) pratIta hotA hai (1.56) / sindUra se bharI mAMga se yukta, zAsanadevI kI kezarAzi aisI lagatI hai mAnoM jalapUrNa meghamAlA meM bijalI camaka rahI ho (8.164) / caritra-citraNa __ hIrasaubhAgya meM pAtroM kA rocaka vaividhya hai / dhanavAn vyApArI, rUpavatI nAriyAM, vItarAga tapasvI, parAkramI samrAT tathA dArzanika mantrI, sabhI eka sAtha kandhA milAte dikhAI dete haiN| pratyeka kA apanA vyaktitva hai| unakA citraNa paramparAgata Dharre para nahIM huaa| pAtroM ke vyaktitva kA yaha nijI vaiziSTya hIrasaubhAgya kI vibhUti hai| horavijayaH tyAga, karuNA, nisspRhatA Adi durlabha mAnavIya guNoM ke kAraNa kAvyanAyaka hIravijaya kA vyaktitva atyucca bhUmi para pratiSThita hai| rAjasI vaibhava tathA dArzanika pANDitya bhI usakI AbhA ko manda karane meM asamartha haiN| tApasavrata kI rekhA usake jIvana ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta karatI hai| vaha vividha guNoM kI khAna hai| usameM sUrya ke teja, bRhaspati kI pratibhA, yoddhA kI kartavyaniSThA tathA rAma kI vinamratA kA spRhaNIya sAmaMjasya hai (6.5) / usakA saundarya hRdaya meM gudagudI paidA karatA hai| hIravijaya vinIta tathA kuzAgrabuddhi yuvaka hai| usane apanI pratyutpanna mati se, thor3e dinoM meM hI, samasta zAstroM meM siddhahastatA prApta kara lii| usakI pratibhA tathA namratA ke kAraNa guru ke samUce prayatna isa prakAra saphala ho gaye jaise urvara bhUmi meM boyA gayA kisAna kA bIja (3.76) / apanI bahuzrutatA ke kAraNa vaha vAgdevI kA sAkSAt avatAra pratIta hotA hai /

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144 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya dhanADhya pitA kA putra hone ke nAte usane sukha-suvidhAeM dekhI haiM tathA vaibhava bhogA hai, kintu vaha unakI bADha meM bahA nahIM hai| jIvana kI anityatA tathA viSayoM kI nissAratA se vizvasta hokara vaha usa yuvati kA AMcala pakar3atA hai, jo vairAgyavAn se adhika anurAga karatI hai tathA puruSa kI zAzvata sahacarI hai| pralobhana para niSThA kI vijaya huI / pravrajyA grahaNa karane ke pazcAt hIravijaya ke jIvana kA gauravazAlI adhyAya Arambha hotA hai / aba usakA jIvana dharma kI dhurI para ghUmatA hai| apanI caryA, sAdhanA tathA guNoM ke kAraNa vaha zIghra AcArya kA gauravamaya pada prApta karatA hai| zAsanadevI bhI usakI pAtratA ghoSita karatI hai| hIravijaya Ahata dharma ke siddhAntoM tathA maryAdAoM kA niSThApUrvaka pAlana karate haiM jisase ve zarIradhArI sAdhudharma pratIta hote haiM (11.16) / kAvya meM unakI samatvabuddhi, vItarAgatA tathA lokopakArI guNoM kI lambI tAlikA dI gayI hai (10.100-115) / ina do laghu padyoM meM to kavi ne unakA samagra vyaktitva samAhita kara diyA hai / virAge nAnurAge ca toSe doSe na bhUvibho / muktau na sudhruvAM bhuktau cetazcinvantyamI kvacit // 12.211 bhUloke bhogiloke ca svarloke sa na kazcana / AvAbhyAmupamIyate yoginAM maulinAmunA // 13.212 AcArya hIravijaya darzanazAstra ke sudhI vidvAn haiM / jaina darzana hI nahIM, anya darzanoM meM bhI unakI gaharI paiTha hai (darzaneSu sarveSu zekhara iva, 10.88) / zekha abula fajala jaisA dArzanika bhI unakI tArkika buddhi tathA dArzanika pANDitya se prabhAvita hue binA nahIM raha sakA / akabara ke sAtha dharma-carcA karate samaya ve jaina darzana kA isa kuzalatA tathA sUkSmatA se pratipAdana karate haiM ki samrATa, lagabhaga sArvajanika rUpa se, unakI ina zabdoM meM prazaMsA karatA hai| mayA vizeSAtparadarzanaspRzo gaveSitAH zekha na teSu kazcana / vyaloki vAcaMyamacakriNaH sadRG mRgeSu ko'pyasti mRgendrasaMnibhaH // 14.71 hIra vijaya ke caritra kI pramukha vizeSatA, jisase unakA sArA vyaktitva kundana kI bhA~ti camaka uThatA hai, unakI nisspRhatA tathA paraduHkhakAtaratA hai| unheM jIvana meM eka tRNa bhI grAhya nahIM hai| ve akabara ke granthasaMgraha jaise sAttvika upahAra ko bhI svIkAra nahIM krte| akabara ke bAra-bAra Agraha karane para ve samrATa ko jIvahatyA kA niSedha, kara-samApti Adi lokopayogI kArya karane ko prerita karate haiN| akabara unakI nirIhatA tathA karuNA se gadgad ho jAtA hai| sacamuca yaha tyAgavRtti kI parAkASThA hai| mugala samrAT unheM jagadguru' kI mahanIya upAdhi dekara unakI cAritrika evaM dhArmika upalabdhiyoM kA abhinandana karatA hai| sattA ke mada meM cUra

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hIrobhAgya : devavimalagaNi 145 akabara ke hRdaya meM dayA tathA ahiMsA kA udreka karanA kevala hIravijaya jaise tapasvI ke liye sambhava thA ( 14.116) / akabara bAbara kA vaMzadhara tathA humAU~ kA putra akabara itihAsa kA parAkramI samrAT hai / kAvya meM varNita usakI digvijaya kAlpanika hotI huI bhI usake zaurya ko rekhAMkita karane meM samartha hai / kavi ke zabdoM meM usameM Izvara ke aizvarya, indra prabhutva, sUrya ke teja, nidhipati kI udAratma tathA zeSanAga kI sahiSNutA ( pRthvI ke pAlana kI kSamatA) kA pUMjIbhUta samanvaya hai ( 10.57) / sUrya usake pratApa kA punarAkhyAna hai, vaDavAnala usakA pratinidhi hai, vajra usakA pratibimba hai, agni usake zarIra kA pratirUpa hai ( 10.56) / vaha apane mitroM ke liye amRtalatA hai kintu zatruoM ke liye vRkSa hai ( 14.110 ) / usakI itihAsa prasiddha sahiSNutA kAvya meM bhI bimbita hai| vastutaH kAvya meM usakA dhArmika svara adhika mukhara hai / vaha dharma ke marma kA parama jijJAsu hai / vaha apanI dharma - jijJAsA kI pUrti ke liye, samaya-samaya para vibhinna matAvalambI dArzanikoM tathA sAdhuoM se gambhIra vimarza karatA hai / isI balavatI jijJAsA se prerita hokara vaha sudUra gandhAra bandara se hIravijaya sUri ko bulAtA hai / vaha dharma kA vAstavika svarUpa jAnane ko sadaiva lAlAyita hai / isI kAraNa vaha AjIvana dharma kA tattva sabhI dharmoM meM TaTolatA rahatA hai / vaha anekAntavAda kA saccA anuyAyI hai / vidvAnoM tathA tapasviyoM ke prati usake mana meM athAha zraddhA hai / vaha hIravijaya kI nispRhatA, saccaritratA tathA dharmaniSThA ke samakSa natamastaka ho jAtA hai aura unakI icchA ke anusAra, rAjya ke samasta bandiyoM ko mukta tathA jajiyA Adi karoM ko samApta kara detA hai, yadyapi yaha usake rAjya kI surakSA tathA Aya ke ahita meM thA / unake prabhAva se hI vaha Arhata mata ko sarvottama mAnane lagatA hai| hIravijaya se samrAT kA samparka dhIre-dhIre maitrI meM parivartita ho gayA / unake nidhana se akabara ko jo vedanA huI, vaha jaina sAdhu ke prati usakI zraddhA kI sUcaka hai / abula fajala zekha abulafajala akabara kA AdhyAtmika mitra tayA nItikuzala mantrI hai / vaha bahuta bAda meM kAvya ke maJca para AtA hai / isIliye usake caritra kA kAvya meM adhika vikAsa nahIM huA hai / vaha islAma darzana kA pAragAmI vidvAn hai / AcArya hIravijaya ke sAtha vaha islAma darzana ke mahatvapUrNa siddhAntoM para gambhIra vicAra karatA hai / samrAT akabara tathA hIra sUri kI dvitIya dharmagoSThI zekha kI candrazAlA meM hotI hai / vahI sarva prathama jainAcArya ko samrAT ko sabhA meM le jAtA haiN| yaha

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 146 unakI mitratA tathA vizvAsa kI pragADhatA kA pratIka hai| vastutaH vaha samrAT kI tIsarI AMkha hai (13.120) / anya pAtra kAvya nAyaka hIravijaya kA pitA kurAM prahlAdanapura kA dhanI vyApArI hai / lakSmI viSNu kI bhAMti usakI zAzvata sahacarI hai ( 2.13) / vaha udAra tathA dAnazIla vyakti hai tathA dAna meM hI dhana kI sArthakatA mAnatA hai / usake putra- vAtsalya kI madhura jhAMkI kAvya meM dikhAI detI hai / usakI rUpavatI patnI nAthI ke saundarya kA savistAra varNana kiyA gayA hai / vijayasena AcArya hIravijaya kA paTTadhara hai| usake guNoM kI khyAti samrAT akabara taka pahu~catI hai jisase vaha bhAnucandra ke upAdhyAya pada kI nandividhi ke anuSThAna ke liye use lAhaura bulAtA hai tathA usake vAkkauzala se prasanna hokara use 'savAI' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita karatA hai / vaha gurubhakta ziSya hai / guru kI mRtyu se use marmAntaka vedanA huI / bhASA Adi devavimala ne eka zliSTa padya meM apanI kAvya-sambandhI mAnyatA kA saMketa kiyA hai| usake anusAra prasAda, kAnti, surucipUrNa alaMkAra, manorama padaracanA, saMyata zleSa tathA vivekapUrNa aprastutavidhAna kAvya kI utkRSTatA ke AdhAra haiM / 27 hIrasaubhAgya meM ye sabhI guNa yathocita mAtrA meM vidyamAna haiN| hIrasaubhAgya kI viziSTatA kA mukhya kAraNa isakI prAsAdikatA hai| subodhatA prasAdaguNa kI AdhArabhUmi hai| hIrasaubhAgya meM koI aisA sthala nahIM haiM, jise kaSTasAdhya athavA durbodha kahA jA sake / naiSadha se atyadhika prabhAvita hone para bhI devavimala ne usakI bhASA kI kRtrimatA tathA zailI kI UhAtmakatA kA anukaraNa nahIM kiyA, yaha usakI suruci kA prabala pramANa hai| hIrasobhAgya meM naiSadha ke katipaya vidvattApUrNa prayoga grahaNa kiye gaye haiM" kintu kavi ne pANDitya kI gAMTheM lagA kara kAvya ko durbhedya nahIM banAyA hai / hIrasaubhAgya meM isIlie prasAda tathA kAnti kA madhura samanvaya hai / kAvya meM prasAdaguNa ke aneka udAharaNa mileMge / hIravijaya ke brAhmaNa guru kA yaha zabdacitra ullekhanIya hai, jisameM bhASA kI prAsAdikatA tathA yathAtathya citraNa ke 27. prasAdakAntI dadhatI suvarNAlaMkAriNI ramyatamakramA ca / saMzleSavakSApratimopamAnazrIH zlokamAleva surI cakAse // vahI, 8.27 28. dekhiye - 1.6,1.131,135, 3.105, 4.108, 5.7, 35, 8.70. 6.66, 10.40, 13.155,14.20, Adi Adi /

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hIrasaubhAgya : devavimalagaNi kAraNa karmakANDI brAhmaNa kA vyaktitva sAkAra ho gayA hai / mRDamUrdhanivAsasauhRdAnmilituM jahna sutAmivAgatAm / akArdhavituM lalATikAM vahamAno haricandanodbhavAm / / 6.52 upavItamuraHsthalAntare kalayaMzcandanacandrarcAcitaH / damano madanasya bhUtimAniva vaikakSitakuNDalIzvaraH / / 6. 53 zivavAGmayavAdhipArago'nizaSaTkarmarato vratAnvitaH / vapurabhyupagatya varNanAmiva dharmaH prakaTIbhavannayam // 6.54 naiSadha kI bhA~ti hIrasaubhAgya kI mukhya vizeSatA usakI padazayyA kI manoramatA hai / yahI guNa hai jo akelA hIrasaubhAgya ko ucca pada para pratiSThita karatA hai / nissandeha devavimala kI racanA meM anuprAsa kA utkRSTa camatkAra hai / usake prAyaH pratyeka padya meM padalAlitya vidyamAna hai, jo bhASA prayoga meM kavi ke viveka evaM suruci ko vyakta karatA hai / 'hIrasaubhAgye padalAlityam' ukti utanI hI sArthaka hai, jitanI 'daNDinaH padalAlityam' athavA 'naiSadhe padalAlityam' / hIrasobhAgya kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM pratyeka rasa tathA prakaraNa ke lie upayukta padalAlitya milatA hai| hIravijaya ke saMyamapUrNa AcaraNa ke nirUpaka prakaraNa kA padalAlitya utanA hI cittAkarSaka tathA madhura hai, jitanI vIrarasocita padAvalI kI manoramatA / zramika udAharaNa dekhiye : zreNIM satAmiva vimuktasamagradoSAM valbhAmamI vidadhate sakRdeva deva / ArAdhayanti vidhivadviSUtAvadhAnA yogaM vighU tavanitAdyakhilAnuSaMgam // 147 13.207 yatprasthitau rathahayadvipapattivIMkhA protkhAtapAMsupihitAkhiladiGa mukheSu / Akrandi cakramithunaMratha pAMsulAbhiH prAhlAdi pallavitamantarulUkalokaiH // 10.15 devavimala ke padalAlitya kA AdhAra anuprAsa ke atirikta usakI vaidarbhI rIti hai / vaidarbhI rIti meM atyalpa samAsAnta pada prayukta karane kA vidhAna hai| hIrasaubhAgya meM lambe samAsoM kA abhAva hai / akabara kI digvijaya ke prasaMga meM bhI, jahAM dIrghaM samAsAnta pada ojoguNa kI sRSTi ke lie sarvathA nyAyocita hote, kavi ne isa lobha kA saMvaraNa kiyA hai / kahane ko to zrIharSa bhI apanI rIti ko vaidarbhI batAte haiM parantu naiSadha meM gauDI aura pAMcAlI kI adhikatA uttaravartI kaviyoM meM kevala paNDitarAja jagannAtha meM devavimala jaisA padalAlitya milatA hai / naiSadha kI pANDityapUrNa bhASA tathA kliSTa zailI ke prati devavimala kI ruci nahIM hai / parantu vyAkaraNa meM usakI gaharI paiTha hai aura usane apane kAvya meM aneka

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148 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya vidvattApUrNa prayogoM ke dvArA apane vyAkaraNa jJAna kA saMketa kiyA hai| use karmaNi liT tathA luGa, nAmadhAtu tathA kvasu-pratyAnta' prayoga vizeSa rucikara haiN| paraMtu use yaha bhalI bhA~ti jJAta hai ki bhASA ke saundarya kA AdhAra pANDitya nahIM, sahajatA hai / ataH samartha hote hue bhI usane bhASA ko adhika alaMkRta nahIM kiyA hai| hIrasaubhAgya kI bhASA meM kucha doSa bhI dikhAI dete haiN| jambhanizumbhakumbhinam (2.66), vacIkAntaharinmahIdhare (2.71), zivazavalinIvarodvahopayamArtham (6.118), jaladhibhavanajambhArAtisAraMgacakSudigavanidharamUrdhAlambibimbo dinAdau (15.8), abdhinemItamIzaH (11.1), giraM zrotravamadhvinInAM praNIya (11.13), karikadanakapardakroDalIlAyamAnatridivasadanapAthonAthapadmAnaneva (15.44) Adi kliSTa prayogoM kI hIrasaubhAgya meM kamI nahIM hai| devavimala ke kucha prayoga vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se cintya haiM / parolakSAn / (6.123), amArireSAM na ca rocate (14.166), tasyAbhito'bhUt (17.166) nizcita rUpa se azuddha haiM / yavana pAtroM se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa hIrasaubhAgya meM zekha, phate, khudA, gAz2I, sphura-mAna (pharamAna), bhisti (bahizta, svarga), doyaki (doz2akha) Adi phArasI ke zabda bhI prayukta hue haiN| devavimala surucipUrNa alaMkAroM ke samarthaka haiN| alaMkAroM kA jo prayoga kAvya-saundarya kI abhivyakti meM bAdhaka ho, vaha unheM grAhya nhiiN| alaMkAra-prayoga meM devavimala kA khAsa dhyAna aprastuta vidhAna para rahA hai| pahale kahA gayA hai, hIrasaubhAgya meM aise aprastuta bahuta kama haiM, jo prastuta viSaya/bhAva ke vizadIkaraNa meM vidhna DAlate hoN| devavimala ne anUThe aprastutoM se kisa prakAra bhAvAbhivyakti ko samartha banAyA hai, isakA savistAra vivecana pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| usake aprastuta adhikatara utprekSA ke bAne meM prakaTa hue haiM, isakI AvRtti karanA bhI Avazyaka nahIM hai| atizayokti, aprastuta prazaMsA, arthAntaranyAsa Adi bhI usake aprastutavidhAna ke mAdhyama haiN| devavimala kI upamAeM usakI udAtta kalpanAzIlatA kI sAkSI haiM / hIrasaubhAgya meM upamAoM kA rocaka vaividhya hai| usakI upamAoM ke aprastuta darzana, purANa, prakRti, loka vyavahAra Adi jIvana ke vibhinna pakSoM se grahaNa kie gaye haiN| bAlaka hIra ne lipijJAna se zAstra meM aise praveza kiyA jaise yAtrI gopura se nagara meM praviSTa hotA hai (3.75) / akabara AcArya ke Agamana kI usI taraha adhIratA se pratIkSA kara rahA thA 26. kaizcinmudAnati tamo'pyati prAvati pugye kumathAnnyati / vahI, 13.75 30. yastriyAmAdayite kalaMkati dvipendrati kSIradhisUnuborudhi / samAravinde tuhinodavRndati vratAmbubAhemvapi gandhabAhati // vahI, 14.48 31. sukhaM svakIye sadane niSeduSI mudaM mahAsvapnajuSaM praduSI / vahI, 2.88

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hIrasaubhAgya : devavimalagaNi 146 jisa taraha nara kokila vasanta ke liye Atura rahatA hai (11.76) / ahamadAbAda meM guru ke Agamana kA samAcAra tatkAla sarvatra phaila gayA jaise candana kI sugandha malayAcala kI talahaTI meM vyApta ho jAtI hai (11.115) / inake atirikta samAsokti, arthAntaranyAsa," atizayokti," anuprAsa, parisaMkhyA5 kavi ke priya alaMkAra hai| hIrasaubhAgya meM jo zleSa hai, vaha bahudhA sarala hai / 'saMzleSadakSA' vizeSaNa isI rUpa meM sArthaka hai| hIrasaubhAgya mukhyata: utprekSA aura upamA kA bhaNDAra hai| devavimala chandazAstra kA kuzala vidvAn hai| kAvya meM vasantatilakA, mAlinI, pRthvI jaise lambe chandoM kA vibhinna sargoM ke mukhya chanda ke rUpa meM prayoga usake chandazAstrIya pANDitya kA paricAyaka hai| caudahaveM sarga meM sabase adhika caubIsa chanda prayukta kiye gaye haiN| isameM vAtormI, upasthita, candravartI, kusumavicitrA, bhramaravilasita Adi kucha aise chanda haiM, jinakA anyatra bahuta kama prayoga huA hai| hIrasaubhAgya meM vyavahRta ikatIsa chanda isa prakAra haiM--- upajAti, zArdUlavikrIDita drutavilambita, mandAkrAntA, hariNI, vasantatilakA, upendravajrA, mAlinI, indravajrA, rathoddhatA, indravaMzA, zikhariNI, anuSTup, sragdharA, svAgatA, viyoginI, vaMzastha, bhujaMgaprayAta, AryA, puSpitAgrA. toTaka, sragviNI, pRthvI, bhramaravilasita, vAtormI, upasthita, candravartI, kusumavicitrA, gIti, dodhaka, tathA aupacchandasika / upajAti kavi kA priya chanda hai / hIrasaubhAgya kA yahI mukhya AdhAra hai| samAjacitraNa hIrasaubhAgya ke darpaNa meM samasAmayika samAja ke katipaya vizvAsoM tathA mAnyatAoM kA pratibimba dikhAI detA hai / tatkAlIna samAja kI jyotiSa meM dRr3ha AsthA thI jisake kAraNa logoM meM kucha tarkahIna vizvAsa pracalita the / ye janasAmAnya taka sImita hoM, aisI bAta nahIM / samAja kA abhijAta tathA vidvAn varga bhI ina andhavizvAsoM ke caMgula meM phaMsA huA thaa| muhUrtoM tathA zakunoM ke phala para samAja pUrA vizvAsa karatA thaa| isIliye pratyeka kArya muhUrta tathA zakunoM kA vicAra karake kiyA jAtA thaa| tatkAlIna zikSA athavA pAThya-praNAlI ke sambandha meM hIrasaubhAgya se pratyakSa jAnakArI to nahIM milatI, kintu yadi hIravijaya dvArA adhIta vividha vidyAoM ko usa samaya kA sAmAnya pAThyakrama mAnA jAye, to svIkAra karanA hogA ki tatkAlIna zikSA stara samunnata tathA sarvAMgINa thaa| usa pAThyakrama meM darzana ke atirikta gaNita, jyotiSa, vyAkaraNa, sAhitya tathA kAvyazAstra Adi vidyAeM sammilita thiiN| 32-35 kramazaH 1.67, 7.46, 8.138, 13.211 36. vahI, 6.102, 11.48 tathA 14.170

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150 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya kAvya kI svopajJa TIkA meM kavi ne ina viSayoM se sambandhita granthoM kI vistRta sUcI dI hai / vidyAlayoM meM avakAza kI kyA vyavasthA thI, isakA bhI kAvya se saMketa nahIM milatA / pratipadA ko na kevala avakAza rahatA thA apitu usa dina adhyayana karanA nitAnta varjita thA kyoMki pratipadA ko vidyAnAzinI mAnA jAtA thA / darzana AcArya hIravijaya, zekha abula fajala tathA samrAT akabara kI dharma carcA ke antargata jaina tathA islAma darzana ke katipaya siddhAntoM kA rocaka pratipAdana huA hai / islAma darzana ke anusAra mRta yavana kA zava pralayaparyanta bhUmi ke garbha meM par3A rahatA hai / pralaya ke dina khudA svayaM prakaTa hokara, unake puNya-pApa ke anurUpa, unheM yathocita phala detA hai / vaha puNyavAn vyaktiyoM ko svarga bhejatA hai, jahAM ve nAnA sukha bhogate haiM / pApiyoM ko vaha dojakha meM dhakela detA hai, jahAM unheM, kumbhakAra ke pAtroM kI bhAMti anirvacanIya yAtanAe~ sahanI par3atI haiM" / isa mahattvapUrNa viSaya ke sambandha meM jaina darzana kA dRSTikoNa bilkula bhinna hai / jaina darzana meM bAMjha ke putra kI bhAMti Izvara nAmaka koI cIz2a nahIM hai / saMsAra apane karma se janmatA hai / isakA na koI karttA hai, na koI harttA / Izvara ko mAnava ke sukha-duHkha kA nirmAtA tathA jagat kA sraSTA mAnanA ajA ke dohane ke samAna hai / ataH mAnava ke bhAgya kA nirNaya pralaya ke usake karma usakA nirdhAraNa karate haiM" / galastana se dUdha dina nahIM hotA / hIrasaubhAgya meM deva, guru tathA dharma ke svarUpa kA bhI sundara vivecana huA hai| vAstavika guru vaha hai, jisake darpaNa ke samAna nirmala jJAna meM tInoM loka pratibhAsita hote haiM / guru saMsAra ke samasta parigrahoM ko isa prakAra chor3a detA hai, jaise haMsa kaluSita jala ko / vaha kRpArasa se paripUrNa hRdaya meM prabodha kA ropaNa karatA hai / jina ke mukhakamala se nissRta dharma hI yathArtha dharma hai / kalpavRkSa ke aMkura kI taraha vaha saba duHkhoM kA kSaya karatA hai / ye tInoM manuSya ko janma-maraNa ke kucakra se chuTakArA dilAkara usa carama lakSya taka pahuMcAte haiM, jise 'apunarbhava' kahate haiM" / isake atirikta hIrasaubhAgya meM tArkikoM kI upamAnavidhi kI avyabhicAritA ( 3.80), jaiminIya darzana meM devoM ke zarIra kI amAnyatA ( 5.73 ) tathA bauddha darzana ke kSaNikavAda ( 5.21 ) kA bhI ullekha hai / hIrasaubhAgya ke vivaraNa kI prAmANikatA saubhAgya meM varNita hIravijaya ke jIvana kI prAyaH sabhI pramukha ghaTanAoM kI puSTi unake maraNasthala unnatapura (UnA) meM utkaNa zilAlekha se hotI hai / anya 37. vahI 6.62-65, 4 / 21 aura usakI TIkA 'pratipatpaThanAzinI' ityukteH / 38-40. kramazaH vahI, 13.137-142, 13.145-150, 14.35

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hIrasaubhAgya : devavimalagaNi 151 sambandhita prasaMgoM ke satyAsatya ke parIkSaNa ke liye AIne akabarI tathA ala-badAkanI jaise khyAtiprApta granthoM se amUlya sahAyatA milatI hai| siddhicandra ke anusAra jina sAmantoM ne akabara ko hIravijaya sUri ke saccAritrya tathA anya guNoM se avagata kiyA thA, ve gujarAta ke hI sAmanta the|" unheM jainAcArya kI naitika tathA dhArmika upalabdhiyoM kA pratyakSa jJAna rahA hogaa| yaha ghaTanA akabara ke kAbula se lauTane ke pazcAt, san 1582 kI hai| akabara ne jina dUtoM ko sAhibakhAna ke pAsa bhejA thA, AIne akabarI ke anusAra ve mevAta ke hajAroM dUtoM meM se the, jo apanI zIghragAmitA tathA sAdhanasampannatA ke kAraNa suvikhyAta the| ve uttama guptacara the|" AIne akabarI meM sAhiba khAna kA bhI varNana hai / vaha akabara kI dhAtrI kA sambandhI tathA mitra thaa| vaha mAlava kA rAjyapAla tathA san 1566 meM akabara kA vittamantrI raha cukA thaa| san 1577 taka vaha gujarAta kA vAIsarAya bhI rahA thaa|" hIravijaya ko jagadguru kI upAdhi prathama ASAr3ha, samvat 1641 (jUna 1584) ko pradAna kI gayI thii| mevAta maNDala meM hIravijaya ne antima cAturmAsa 1586 I0 meM kiyA thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki ve cAra varSa taka AgarA ke nikaTavartI pradeza meM vihAra karate rahe / hIravijaya ke anurodha para bandiyoM ko mukta karane, prANivadha para pratibandha lagAne Adi kA varNana bhAnucandra caritra meM bhI par3hA jA sakatA hai / ala badAUnI kA vivaraNa bhI isakI puSTi karatA hai| samrATa akabara se hIravijaya ko jo graMtha-saMgraha prApta huA thA, bhAnucandra caritra ke anusAra jainAcArya ne usase eka pustakAlaya kI sthApanA kI thii| bhAnucandra ke prayatnoM se zatrujaya kA adhikAra prApta karane ke pazcAt hIravijaya ne 1562 I0 meM saMghasahita usa tIrtha kI yAtrA kI thii| AcArya zrI kA nidhana UnA meM bhAdrapada ekAdazI, samvat 1652 tadanusAra 18 sitambara, san 1565 ko huA thaa| itivRtta kI tathyAtmakatA tathA kAvya guNoM kI dRSTi se hIrasaubhAgya mahattva41. papraccha gUjarAyAtAn sAmantAniti sAdaram / bhAnucandracaritra, 1.78 42. mohanalAla dalIcanda dezAI : bhAnucandra caritra, bhUmikA, pR. 5 43. AIne akabarI, bhAga 1 pR0 252 44. vahI, pR0 332 45. bhAnucandracaritra, bhUmikA, pR0 7 46. alabadAUnI, pR0 321 47. bhAnucandracaritra,1.116-120 48. vahI, 3.70-71.

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-152 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya pUrNa racanA hai / devavimala kA Adarza naiSadhacarita hai, kintu jahAM zrIharSa ne apane kAvya ko zAstrIya vaiduSya se AkrAnta kara zAstravat durbodha banA diyA hai, vahAM devavimala ne apanI suruci se kAvya ko vidvattA-pradarzana kA akhAr3A nahIM banAyA hai| phalata: vaha sAhitya ko eka aisA praur3ha kAvya dene meM saphala huA hai, jo mahAkAvya-paramparA ke adhyayana ke lie anivArya hai tathA kevala kavitva kI dRSTi se bhI vaha saMskRta ke uttama mahAkAvyoM meM pratiSThita hai / pariziSTa unnatapura prazasti ____ "svasti zrI samvat 1652 varSe kAttika vadI 5 budhe yeSAM jagadgurUNAM saMvegavairAgyasaubhAgyAdiguNazravaNAMtazcamatkRtamahArAjAdhirAjapAtizAhi zrI akabarAbhidhAnaH gurjaradezAt dillImaNDale sabahumAnamAkArya dharmopadezAkarNanapUrvakaM pustakakozasasarpaNaM, DAbarAbhidhAnamahAsaromatsyavadhanivAraNaM, prativarSa pANmAsikAmAripravartanaM, sarvadA zrIzatrujayatIrtha muMDakAbhidhAnakaranivartanaM, jIjiyAbhidhAnakarakarttanaM, nijasakaladezadANa mRtasvamocanaM, sadaiva baMdIyaRNanivAraNamityAdidharmakRtyAni pravatitAni teSAM zrIzajase sakaladesasaMghayutakatamAtrANAM bhAdrapadazuklakAzIdine jAtanirvANAM (NAnAM) zarIrasaMskArasthAnAsannaphalitasahakArANAM zrIhIravijayasUrIzvarANAM pratidinaM divyavAdyanAdazravaNadIpadarzanAdikarjAtaprabhAvA: stUpasahitAH pAdukAH kAritAH paM0 (parikha) medhena bhAryAlADakIpramukhakuTumbayutena, pratiSThitAzca tapAgacchAdhirAjaH bhaTTAraka zrI vijayasenasUribhiH u0 zrI vimalaharSagaNi u0 zrI kalyANavijayagaNi u0 zrI somavijayagaNibhiH praNatAH bhavyajanaiH pUjyamAnAzciraM nadaMtu (ntu) / likhitA prazastiH padmAnandagaNinA zrI unnatanagare zubhaM bhavatu / /

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bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya : puNyakuzala kavivara puNyakuzala kA bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya (bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya) . apane bahuvidha guNoM, snigdha zailI tathA mAghottara itivRtta-paramparA kI anupAlanA ke kAraNa samagra kAvyasAhitya kI gauravapUrNa racanA hai| bhAbA0 mahAkAvya kI paMjikAyukta eka pUrNa prati terApantha saMgha ke saMgraha meM thii| usa prati kA jo bhAga Aja upalabdha hai, vaha gyArahaveM sarga ke madhya meM hI samApta ho jAtA hai / dvitIya sarga kA uttarArddha tathA samUcA tRtIya sarga bhI prati meM prApya nahIM hai| isa kAvya kI eka truTita prati, zvetAmbara bhaNDAra, vijayadharmalakSmI jJAnamandira, AgarA meM upalabdha hai| isa prati kI lipi durbodha tathA pATha bahudhA khaNDita tathA bhraSTa hai| bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya ko punarujjIvita karane kA zreya prasiddha dArzanika vidvAn, muni nathamala jI (aba yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) ko hai, jinhoMne saMghIya prati tathA AgarA bhaNDAra kI ukta prati kI do pratilipiyoM ke AdhAra para, samvat 2002 meM, isa rocaka kAvya kA uddhAra kiyA thaa|' munizrI kI svalikhita 28 patroM kI prati hI bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya kI rakSA tathA prakAzana kA AdhAra banI hai| aThArahoM sargoM ke isa lalita-madhura kAvya meM Adi cakravartI bharata tathA unake pratApI anuja bAhubali ke jIvana ke eka prasaMga-yuddha tathA kaivalyaprApti--ko kAvyocita alaMkaraNa ke sAtha prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yaha varNanAtmakatA prabandhatva kA paryAya nahIM hai, para bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya kA samUcA saundarya evaM mahattva inhIM varNanoM para Azrita hai / ye varNana kAvyapratibhA ke unmeSa haiM jisase sArA kAvya adbhuta sarasatA se sikta hai| bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva zAstrIya lakSaNoM ke saMdarbha meM bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya kI saphalatA asandigdha hai / kumArasambhava, zizupAlavadha Adi prAcIna kAvyoM kI bhAMti isakA Arambha vastunirdezAtmaka maMgalAcaraNa se huA hai| kAvya kA prathama padya, kisI pRSThabhUmi athavA 1. muninathamala: pratimimAM lipIkRtavAn dvisahasrAbde va yuttre| pUrakaM ca likhitaM ___2006 phAlguna mAse pUrNimAyAM holIpine lUNakaNasare |-anty ttippnnii| 2. jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna), 1974 I0

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154 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya aupacArikatA ke binA, sIdhA kathAvastu kA pravartana karatA hai'| puNyakuzala ne bharata tathA bAhubali ke jisa prakaraNa ko kAvya kA AdhAra banAyA hai, vaha, apane udAtta paryavasAna ke kAraNa, jaina sAhitya meM atIva samAdRta hai aura isI kAraNa, prArambha se, kaviyoM kA upajIvya rahA hai / vasudevahiNDI ke prAcInatama nirUpaNa ke atirikta jaina dharma kI donoM dhArAoM ke pratinidhi granthoM-AdipurANa tathA triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita--meM isakA vistArapUrvaka pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| itivrata kI prakRti tathA uddezya ke anurUpa bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya kA aMgIrasa vIra hai| kAvya kI rasavattA ko ghanatva pradAna karane ke lithe zRMgAra, raudra tathA zAnta rasa kA pragADha pallavana kiyA gayA hai| kAvya meM zRMgAra rasa kI to itanI tIvra vyaMjanA hai ki ise nyAyapUrvaka aMgIrasa kA samakakSa mAnA jA sakatA hai| vividha guNoM se sampanna cakravartI bharata kAvya ke nirvivAda nAyaka haiM, parantu bAhubali bhI kathAvastu ke tAne-bAne meM isa prakAra anusyUta haiM tathA unakA vyaktitva nAyakocita guNoM se aise yukta hai ki unheM kisI bhI taraha nAyaka ke pada se vaMcita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ekAdhika pAtroM ko nAyaka mAnane kI sAhitya meM prAcIna paramparA hai / bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya kI racanA jaina darzana ke mUlabhUta Adarza "vaiyaktika svatantratA" kI pratiSThA ke mahAn uddezya se kI gayI hai| bAhubali rAjapATa, bhogAkAMkSA Adi saba kucha chor3a detA hai kintu parAdhInatA use kadApi sahya nahIM hai| pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM yaha artha para dharma kI vijaya hai| mahAkAvya kI baddhamUla paripATI ke anurUpa bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya meM dUta-preSaNa, sainyaprayANa, yuddha, vanavihAra, jalakrIr3A, sUryAsta, prabhAta, SaDRtu Adi vastu-vyApAra ke vistRta evaM alaMkRta varNana pAye jAte haiN| isakI bhASA meM jo lAlitya, sauSThava tathA prasAda hai, vaha anyatra kama dRSTigocara hotA hai| vastuta: bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya kI eka ullekhanIya vizeSatA isakI prasAdapUrNa prAMjala bhASA hai| bhASA kI isa prAMjalatA ne isakI zailI meM prazaMsanIya cArutA tathA mahAkAvyocita bhavyatA kA saMcAra kiyA hai / kAvya kA zIrSaka mukhya pAtroM para AdhArita hai, jo kathAvastu meM unake samAna mahattva tathA gaurava kA dyotaka hai / sargoM ke nAmakaraNa, chandoM ke vidhAna Adi sthUla tattvoM meM bhI puNyakuzala zAstra kA anugAmI hai| bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya meM, kathA-rekhAoM ko samanvita karane ke liye nATyasandhiyoM kA yatkicit viniyoga huA hai| prathama do sargoM meM dUtapreSaNa tathA dUta ke 3. vimRzya dUtaM prajighAya vAgminaM tataujase tkssshilaamhiibhuje| bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya, 4. samvat 1241 meM likhita zAlibhadrasUri kA bharatezvarabAhubalirAsa, isa viSaya para AdhArita prAcInatama rAjasthAnI kAvya hai|

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bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya : puNyakuzala 155 dvArA bAhubali ko bharata kA prabhutva svIkAra karane kA sandeza dene meM mukhasandhi hai / kathAvastu kI jo pariNati kramaza: bAhubali aura bharata kI kaivalya-prApti meM huI hai, usakA bIja yahIM nihita hai| tRtIya se paMcama sarga taka bAhubali dvArA prastAva ko asvIkAra karane, bharata ke pazcAttApa, senApati ke use yuddha ke lie protsAhita karane tathA senA ke prasthAna meM, mukhasandhi meM jisa bIja kA vapana huA thA, usakA kucha vikAsa huA hai / ataH yahAM pratimukha sandhi svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai / gyArahaveM sarga meM bAhubali ke mantrI dvArA use agraja kI AjJA mAnane kintu vidyAdhara anilavega dvArA use rAjyalolupa bharata kA dRDhatApUrvaka mukAbalA karane kI preraNA ke dvandva meM garbhasandhi vidyamAna hai| bArahaveM sarga meM bharata ko vijaya-prApti meM sandeha hone se lekara pandrahaveM sarga meM usakI senA ke parAjita hone ke varNana meM phalaprApti ke prati kucha saMzaya udita hotA hai / yahAM vimarza sandhi mAnI jA sakatI hai| aThArahaveM sarga meM pahale bAhubali aura tatpazcAt bharata ke kevalajJAna prApta karane meM nirbahaNa sandhi hai| yahI kAvya kA phalAgama hai| ___isa prakAra bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya meM ve samUcI vizeSatAeM vidyamAna haiM, jo kisI mahAkAvya ko mahAn tathA prANavAn banAne ke liye zAstrIya dRSTi se Avazyaka haiN| bha0 bA mahAkAvya kA svarUpa bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya kA samUcA vAtAvaraNa, prakRti tathA bhAvanA zAstrIya kAvya ke anukUla hai / paurANika racanAoM kI bhAMti isameM na bhavAntaroM kA nIrasa varNana hai, na avAntara kathAoM kA jAla, na karmavAda kI sAyAsa pratiSThA, na anya dArzanika siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana aura na citra-vicitra ghaTanAoM kI bharamAra / kAvya ko zAstrIya rUpa denA hI kavi ko abhISTa hai| saMkSipta-se kathAnaka ko aThAraha soM kA kalevara pradAna kara denA usakI zAstrIyatA kA sUcaka hai| vanavihAra Adi ke antargata bharata ke sainikoM kI vilAsapUrNa ceSTAe~ tathA anya zRMgArika varNana zAstrIya kAvya ke hI avayava ho sakate haiN| vividha rasoM kI sazakta vyaMjanA, prakRti kA vyApaka evaM abhirAma citraNa, utkRSTa kAvya-kalA, bhASA-zailIgata udAttatA, manorama bhAvoM vI abhivyakti Adi bhI isakI zAstrIyatA ko poSita karate haiM / jahAM taka isakI paurANikatA kA prazna hai, isameM katipaya atiprAkRtika ghaTanAoM kA samAveza huA hai / bharata kA purohita tathA bAhubali kA putra candrayazAH yuddha meM mRta apane-apane pakSa ke vIroM ko mantrabala se punarjIvita kara dete haiM / devagaNa, pratyeka dvandvayuddha meM bAhubali kI vijaya kA abhinandana, puSpavRSTi se karate haiM tathA use cakra para muSTiprahAra karane se rokate haiM / bAhubali kI kaivalya-prApti kA samAcAra bharata ko

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya devatAoM se hI milatA hai| paurANika kAvya kI bhAMti isake dasaveM sarga meM Adideva ke eka stotra kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai tathA anyatra bhI jinadharma kI prazaMsA kI gayI hai| parantu paurANikatA ke nAma para upalabdha ina tattvoM ke kAraNa bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya ko paurANika racanA nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| zAstrIya kAvya meM bhI adbhuta kI sRSTi ke liye alaukika tathA atiprAkRtika ghaTanAoM kA samAveza karanA siddhAnta meM mAnya hai| kavi tathA racanAkAla bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya kI puSpikA meM athavA anyatra isake racayitA ke nAma kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai / pratyeka sarga ke antima padya meM prayukta 'puNyodaya' zabda se kavi ne apane jisa nAma ko iMgita kiyA hai', vaha paMjikA kI puSpikA ke anusAra puNyakuzala hai| usase yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki puNyakuzalagagi tapAgaccha ke prakhyAta AcArya vijayasena sUri ke praziSya aura paNDita somakuzalagaNi ke ziSya the| bha. bA. mahAkAvya kI racanA inhIM vijayasenasUri ke dharmazAsana meM arthAt samvat 1652-1656 (san 1565-1602 I0) ke bIca huI thii| kanakakuzalagaNi puNyakuzala ke guru bhAI the| unake aneka grantha upalabdha haiM / unakA racanAkAla vi.saM. 1641 (san 1584 I0) se prArambha hotA hai aura vi. saM. 1667 (san 1610 I0) taka unakI likhI racanAeM prApta hotI haiN| vijayadharmasUri jJAnamandira, AgarA meM upalabdha prastuta kAvya kI pUrvokta prati kA lipikAla vi. saM. 1656 (san 1602 I0) hai / yaha bha. bA. mahAkAvya ke racanAkAla kI adhovartI sImArekhA hai tathA isase paMjikA kI puSpikA meM saMketita kAvya kI racanAvadhi kI puSTi hotI hai| kathAnaka SaTkhaNDa vijaya ke phalasvarUpa bharata cakravartI pada prApta karatA haiM / bharata ko jJAta hotA hai ki usake anuja takSazilAnareza bAhubali ne usakA Adhipasya svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai / isIliye cakra ne AyudhazAlA me praveza nahIM kiyA hai / vaha bUta ke dvArA bAhubali ko praNipAta karane kA Adeza detA hai| yahIM se bha. bA. mahAkAvya 5. saMsAratApAturamAnavAnAM jinedrapAbA amRtAvahA hi / bha. bA. mahAkAvya, 1060 sukhIbhavet sa evAtra hi yo jinArcakaH / vahI, 13157 6. udAharaNArtha- kSitipatimavanamyAtyantapuNyodayADhyam / 1176 7. 'iti zrItapAgacchAdhirAjazrIvijayasenasUrIzvararAjye paM0 zrIsomakuzalagaNi ziSya puNyakuzalamaNiviracite bhrtbaahublimhaakaavye| 8. jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, bhAga 6, vArANasI, 1973, pR. 261-262

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bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya : puNyakuzala prArambha hotA hai| prathama sarga meM digvijayI bharata bAhubali ke pAsa eka vAkpaTu dUta bhejatA hai| vaha mArga meM bahalI pradeza kI prAkRtika suSamA ko nihAratA huA tathA sarvatra bAhubali evaM usake yoddhAoM ke advitIya parAkrama kI rocaka gAthAeM sunatA huA rAjadhAnI takSazilA pahuMcatA hai| takSazilA-nareza ke dAhaka teja ko dekhakara dUta kI ghiggI baMdha jAtI hai / dvitIya sarga meM bAlyakAlIna capalatAoM kA smaraNa karake bAhubali kA hRdaya bhrAtRsneha se chalaka uThatA hai| usakI kAmanA hai ki unake bandhutva kA dIpaka kheda kI havA-batAsa se surakSita rahe / dUta, bharata kI SaTkhaNDavijaya ke saMkSipta vivaraNa ke dvArA usake pratApa ko rekhAMkita karatA huA, bAhubali ko agraja kA prabhutva svIkAra karane kI preraNA detA hai| tRtIya sarga meM bAhubali dUta kI duzceSTA se kruddha hokara apanI anupama vIratA tathA bharata kI lolupatA kA bakhAna karatA hai| usakA vizvAsa hai ki use parAjita kiye binA bharata kI digvijaya adhUrI hai| vaha dUta ke prastAva ko ghRNApUrvaka asvIkAra kara detA hai| ayodhyA meM dUta ke lauTane se pUrva hI bAhubali kA AtaMka phaila cukA thA / caturtha sarga meM dUta kI bAta sunakara bharata ke hRdaya meM bhrAtRprema udita hotA hai / vaha bAhubali ke parAkrama ko yAda karake dUta bhejane kA bhI pazcAttApa karane lagatA hai jisake phalasvarUpa vaha apane nirmala vaMza ko bhrAtRvadha ke jaghanya pApa se kaluSita na karane kA nirNaya karatA hai| senApati suSeNa use nAnA tarko se yuddha ke liye protsAhita karatA hai| pAMcave sarga kA nAma 'senAsajjIkaraNa' hai, kintu isake adhikAMza meM yamaka dvArA zarat tathA rAjamahiSiyoM ke alaMkaraNa kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai,| chaThe se AThaveM sarga taka kramazaH bharata kI senA ke prayANa tathA bAhya udyAna meM usake prathama sanniveza, sainika yugaloM ke vanavihAra evaM jalakeli tathA sandhyA, candrodaya, ratikrIr3A aura sUryodaya kA hRdayagrAhI kavitvapUrNa varNana hai jisake antargata premI dampatiyoM ke mAna-manuhAra, dUtIpreSaNa, abhisAra Adi praNaya-prasaMgoM kA rocaka nirUpaNa huA hai / prAtaHkAla bharata kI senA bAhubali ke viruddha prasthAna karatI hai / navama sarga meM sainya-prayANa ke pazcAt yoddhAoM kI preyasiyAM viyoga-vihvala ho uThatI haiN| bharata kI senA bAhubali kI sImA para, gaMgA ke taTavartI kAnana meM, par3Ava DAlatI hai| senApati, bAhubali ke rAjya kA vRttAnta jAnane ke liye guptacara bhejatA hai| sainyabala kI khyApaka usakI uktiyA~ vIrocita darpa se paripUrNa haiN| senA-niveza ke prasaMga meM, isa sarga meM, uttaradizA ke kAnana, Adideva ke vihAra tathA mandAkinI kA cAra citraNa kiyA gayA hai / dasaveM sarga meM bharata Adiprabhu ke caitya meM jAkara unakI stuti karatA hai / vahIM usakI meMTa tapasyArata vidyAdhara se hotI hai jisane bharata se parAjita hone ke uparAnta vaitADhya parvata ke

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 158 pati nami tathA vinami ke sAtha munitva svIkAra kara liyA thA / gyArahaveM sarga meM caroM se jJAta hotA hai ki bAhubali bharata kI adhInatA svIkAra karane ko kadApi taiyAra nahIM hai / usake vIroM meM apAra utsAha hai / bAhuvali kA mantrI sumantra use SaTkhaNDavijetA agraja ko praNipAta karane kA parAmarza detA hai, parantu vidyAdhara anilavega pratApI senA meM dainya kA saMcAra karane ke liye usakI bhartsanA karatA hai / vIrapatniyAM apane patiyoM ko utsAhapUrvaka vidA karatI haiN| bAhubali senA ekatra karake yuddha ke liye taiyAra ho jAtA hai / bArahaveM sarga meM bharata apanI senA ko bhAvI yuddha kI gurutA kA bhAna karAtA hai tathA usakI vijaya meM hI apane cakravartitva kI sArthakatA mAnatA hai' / senApati suSeNa use vizvAsa dilAtA hai ki yuddha meM hamArI vijaya nizcita hai / jo pralayaMkara jhaMjhAvAta parvatoM kA unmUlana kara sakatA hai, usake sAmane vRkSoM kI kyA bisAta ? "dhairyavAn hI vijaya prApta karate haiM", isa tathya ko rekhAMkita karane ke liye bAhubali, terahaveM sarga meM, apane sainikoM ko utsAhita karatA hai / siMharatha ko senAdhyakSa niyukta kiyA jAtA hai / vIra yoddhA adhIratApUrvaka rAtri bItane kI pratIkSA karate haiM / yahAM rAtri tathA prabhAta kA lalita varNana kiyA gayA hai / bAhubali himagirisadRza vizAlakAya hAthI para baiThakara yuddha ke liye prasthAna karatA hai| caudahaveM sarga meM donoM senAeM samarAMgaNa meM utaratI haiM / stutipAThaka vipakSI senAoM ke pramukha vIroM kA paricaya dete haiM / pandrahaveM sarga meM vipakSI senAoM tIna dina ke yuddha kA kavitvapUrNa varNana hai / prathama dina ke yuddha meM bharata ke senAnI suSeNa ne bAhubali ke sainikoM ko tRNavat ucchinna kiyA / agale do dina bAhubali kA pakSa bhArI rahatA hai / bAhubali, tathA sUryayazAH kI bhir3anta se devatA kAMpa uThate haiM / solahaveM sarga meM devagaNa, bhISaNa raktapAta se bacane ke liye bharata tathA bAhubali ko dvandvayuddha ke dvArA bala parIkSA karane ko prerita karate haiN| eka-dUsare para doSAropaNa karate hue ve devatAoM kA anurodha svIkAra kara lete haiM / satarahaveM sarga meM bharata aura bAhubali yuddha bhUmi meM Ate haiN| eka-eka kara bharata dRSTiyuddha, zabdayuddha, muSTiyuddha tathA daNDayuddha meM parAjita hotA hai, kintu phira bhI vaha parAjaya svIkAra karane ko taiyAra nahIM / hatAza hokara vaha cakra kA prahAra karatA hai para catra bAhubali kA sparza kiye binA hI lauTa AtA hai| bAhubali kruddha hokara use tor3ane ke liye muSTi uThA kara daur3atA hai / yaha socakara ki isake muSTiprahAra se tInoM loka dhvasta ho jAeMge, devatA use rokate haiM / bAhubali usI muSTi se kezaluMcana kara muni bana jAtA hai" / bharata samadarzI anuja ko praNipAta karatA hai aura usake putra ko abhiSikta kara ayodhyA 6. vizvambharAcakrajayo mamApi tadeva sAphalyamavApsyatIha ! bha. bA. mahAkAvya, 12.33 10. apanetumimAzcikurAnakarod balamAtmakareNa sa tAvadayam / vahI 17.75

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bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya : puNyakuzala loTa jAtA hai| isa sarga meM yuddha kA atIva udAtta tathA kavitvapUrNa varNana hai| aThArahaveM sarma meM chahoM Rtue~ bharata kI sevA meM upasthita hotI haiN| devatAoM se yaha cAnakara ki mAnatyAga se bAhubali ko kevalajJAna prApta ho gayA hai, bharata ke hRdaya meM vairAgya kA udreka hotA hai aura use, gRhasthI meM hI, kaivalya kI prApti hotI hai| bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya varNanoM ke vizAla puMja kA dUsarA nAma hai / puNyakuzala ne jisa kathAnaka ko kAvya kA AdhArataMtu banAyA hai, vaha, kAvya ke kalevara ko dekhate hue, bahuta choTA hai| parantu kavi ne isa laghu prasaMga para pUre aThAraha sarga khapA diye haiN| isakA duSpariNAma yaha huA ki kathApaMjara varNanasphIti kI bAr3ha meM DUba gayA hai aura kAvya meM itivRtta-nirvAhakatA lagabhaga naSTa ho gayI hai / kathAnaka-nirvAhakatA kI dayanIyatA kA anumAna isI tathya se kiyA jA sakatA hai ki pAMca-pAMca sargoM taka kathAnaka eka paga bhI Age nahIM bar3ha pAtA / kAvya kA yatkicit kathAnaka prathama cAra tathA antima tIna sargoM taka sImita hai| zeSa bhAga, mAghakAvya ke samAna, jo kathAnaka ke viniyoga meM puNyakuzala kA Adarza hai, senA ke sajjIkaraNa, prasthAna, niveza, vanavihAra, jalakeli, sUryAsta, sambhogakrIDA, prabhAta, udyAna Adi ke agaNita varNanoM se bharA par3A hai| svayaM meM rocaka tathA mahattvapUrNa hote hue bhI ye varNana kathApravAha ke mArga meM durladhya bAdhAeM upasthita karate haiN| nissandeha yaha tatkAlIna mahAkAvyaparipATI tathA kavi ke Adarza ke atizaya prabhAva kA pariNAma hai, parantu puNyakuzala jaise pratibhAsampanna kavi se yaha AkAMkSA kI jAtI hai ki vaha paramparA kI kArA se mukta hokara kathAnaka ko susaMghaTita banAne meM bhI apanI pratibhA kA paricaya detaa| isase kAvya kI gauravavRddhi hotii| vartamAna rUpa meM, bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya raMga-biraMgI kataranoM kA vizAla vitAna hai| parantu ina kataranoM meM se kucha kA saundarya sapATa paTa kI zAlInatA kI apekSA kabhI-kabhI hRdaya ko adhika AkRSTa karatA hai / puNyakuzala ke bunakara kI saphalatA kA isase adhika aura kyA pramANa ho sakatA hai ? bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya ke AdhArasrota darpapUrNa parAkrama evaM UrdhvagAmI pariNati ke kAraNa bharata tathA bAhubali ke yuddha kA udAtta vRtta jaina sampradAya kI donoM dhArAoM meM samAna rUpa se sammAnita tathA prakhyAta hai / jinasena ke AdipurANa (navIM zatAbdI I0) aura hemacandra (bArahavIM zatAbdI I0) ke triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita meM yaha prasaMga kramazaH digambara tathA zvetAmbara paramparA ke anurUpa vaNita hai / srotoM ke kathAgata sAmya ke kAraNa puNyakuzala ne apane kAvya ke pallavana meM ukta donoM granthoM ko AdhAra banAyA hai / jahAM unameM tAttvika antara hai, vahAM usane svabhAvataH zvetAmbara AcArya hemacandra ke vivaraNa ko svIkArA hai|

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160 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya puNyakuzala ne prathama sarga meM mArgavarNana ke katipaya tattva AdipurANa se grahaNa kiye haiM, kucha anya vizeSatAeM hemacandra ke varNana para AdhArita haiN| AdipurANa meM takSazilA ke pArzvavartI gocara meM vicaratI gAyoM kA svabhAvokti ke dvArA manorama citra aMkita kiyA gayA hai (35.38) / puNyakuzala ne isa svabhAvokti para kalpanA kA lepa car3hAkara gosamudAya ko bAhubali ke mUrtimAn yazaHpuJja ke pratIka ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai (1.4) / bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya meM zAligopikAoM kA rekhAcitra (1.38) jinasena ke prAsaMgika varNana se prerita hai jisameM usane zuka ke samAna harI coliyA~ bAMdhakara 'cho-cho' zabda se totoM ko ur3Ane vAlI zAligopikAoM kA atIva sajIva tathA hRdayagrAhI zabdacitra aMkita kiyA hai (35.32-36) / triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita (tri. za. pu. carita) lokajIvana ke isa madhura prasaMga se zUnya hai| takSazilA ke varNana ke antargata puNyakuzala ne vahA~ kI hATa kA rocaka citraNa kiyA hai, jo apane vaibhava ke kAraNa vAravadhU-sI pratIta hotI thI (1.56-57) / usake AdhAragranthoM ne bhI takSazilA ke vaNikpatha kI upekSA nahIM kI hai| AdipurANa meM puMjIbhUta ratnasampadA (35.42) tathA tri.za.pu.carita meM indratulya vaNigjanoM ke vaibhava (1.5.60) ke dvArA takSazilA kI samRddhi ko rekhAMkita kiyA gayA hai| bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya meM bAhubali kI sainyazakti ke aMgarUpa meM usakI caturvidha senA tathA zastrAbhyAsacalI kA alaMkRta varNana (1.42-47,50-51) hemacandra ke samAnAntara varNana se prerita hai (1.5.55-57) / puNyakuzala ne takSazilAdhipati kA praur3ha kavitvapUrNa zabdacitra aMkita kiyA hai jisameM usakA teja, vaibhava tathA parAkrama anAyAsa ujAgara ho gaye haiM (1.71-77) / isa zabdacitra kA AdhAra AdipurANa (35.4550) tathA tri.za.pu.carita (1.5.66-76) ke una varNanoM meM khojA jA sakatA hai. jo vibhinna zabdAvalI meM bAhubali ke ukta guNoM kA pratipAdana karate haiM / upajIvya kAvyoM ke samAna bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya meM bhI dUta, bAhubali kI tejasvitA se, bhaucakkA raha jAtA hai|" dvitIya sarga meM vaNita ghaTanAe~ lagabhaga pUrNatayA AdhAragranthoM ke anukUla haiM / isameM bharata kI SaTkhanDavijaya ke mAdhyama se usake durddharSa zaurya kA varNana karake dUta dvArA bAhubali ko cakravartI agraja kI prabhutA svIkAra karane ko prerita kiyA gayA hai| isake antargata abhiSekasamAroha meM anujoM ke na Ane se bharata kI mAnasika vyathA, unake prati dUsapreSaNa, adhInatA svIkAra na karake unake pravrajyA grahaNa karane, 11. cacAla praNidhiH kiMcit praNidhAnnidhozituH / AdipurANa, 35.55. dadarza bAhubalinaM sa ttrodbhuutvismyH| tri.za.pu.carita, 1.5.76. sa darzanAt kSoNipateH prkmpitH| bha.bA. mahAkAvya, 1.78.

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bharatabAhubalimahAkavya : puNyakuzala 161 unake pada para unake putroM ko abhiSikta karane Adi kA manorama varNana hai (2.3715) / yaha AdipurANa (35.65-85) tathA tri.za.pu.carita (1.5.87-116) ke prAsaMgika aMzoM kA bhinna zabdAvalI meM punarAkhyAna hai| SaTkhaNDavijaya kA anyatra savistAra nirUpaNa hone ke kAraNa ukta granthoM meM, prastuta prakaraNa meM, isakI AvRtti nahIM kI gayI hai, yadyapi jinasena ne isakA sUkSma saMketa kiyA hai| bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya meM SaTkhaNDavijaya kA vivaraNa hemacandra ke varNana kA anugAmI hai| apane AdhArabhUta granthoM ke anukaraNa para puNyakuzala ne bharata ko, cakravartitva ke atirikta usakI jyeSThatA ke kAraNa, bAhubali dvArA vandanIya mAnA hai| anucita prastAva se kruddha hokara bAhuvali ke dvArA use asvIkAra karane kA, tRtIya sarga meM varNita, prasaMga kA AdhAra bhI AdipurANa tathA tri.za.pu.carita meM upalabdha hai / AdipurANa ke lekhaka ne rAjanIti kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM apanA pANDitya baghArane kA prayAsa kiyA hai jabaki hemacandra ne tarkabala se dUta kA pratyAkhyAna kiyA hai| donoM granthoM meM bharata ke tathAkathita nimantraNa ko kapaTapUrNa SaDyantra kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| jinasena kI bhASA meM vaha 'khalAcAra' hai (35.94), hemacandra ne use upahAsapUrvaka 'bakaceSTA' (1.5.128) kahA hai / bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya meM bharata kI rAjyalipsA kI tulanA vaDavAgni se kI gayI hai, jo ninAnaveM anujoM ke rAjyoM ko lIla kara bhI tRpta nahIM huI hai (3.14) / dautya ke viphala hone para bAhuvali ke sainikoM ke yuddha ke liye sollAsa taiyAra hone kA varNana jinasena (35.145-150) aura hemacandra (1,5.175-194) ke samAna puNyakuzala ne bhI kiyA hai (3.48 ___ zeSa mUlakathA ke nirUpaNa meM puNyakuzala ne prAya: sarvatra hemacandra kA anusaraNa kiyA hai / AdipurANa meM una ghaTanAoM kA abhAva hai, jinakA pratipAdana bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya ke tRtIya sarga ke antima padyoM meM tathA samUce caturtha sarga meM kiyA gayA hai| puNyakuzala ke kAvya kA uparyukta aMza hemacandra ke vivaraNa se prerita tathA prabhAvita hai| isa prasaMga meM puNyakuzala ne hemacandra ke katipaya bhAvoM ko yathAvat grahaNa kiyA hai / kahIM-kahIM zabdasAmya bhI dikhAI detA hai|" isa saMdarbha meM, bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya meM, dUta kI AtmaglAni kA saMketa nahIM kiyA gayA haiM, jo vaha apane dautya kI viphalatA 12. AdipurANa, 34; tri.za.pu.carita, 1334. 13. tadupetya praNAmena pUjyatAM prabhurakSamI / AdipurANa, 35.85. tejasA vayasA jyeSTho nRpaH zreSThaH sa sarvathA / tri.za.pu.carita, 1.5.12. __ jyeSThaM kila bhrAtaramehi nantum / bha.bA. mahAkAvya, 2.65. 14. tri.za.pu.carita, 1.5.221 tathA bha.bA. mahAkAvya, 3.26,104.

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 162 ke phalasvarUpa yuddha kI avazyambhAvitA kA kAraNa banakara anubhava karatA hai" / bharata - bAhubali ke itivRtta ke digambara tathA zvetAmbara rUpAntaroM meM sabase ullekhanIya evaM tAttvika bheda unake saMgharSa kI pariNati - yuddha se sambandhita hai / pahaneM sarga meM varNita bharata aura bAhubali kI senAoM ke vidivasIya yuddha kA donoM AdhAra -khotoM meM pracchanna saMketa taka nahIM hai / puNyakumAla kA yaha varNana mAghakAvya ke kRSNa tathA zizupAla kI senAoM ke yuddha ( sarga 18) para AdhArita hai / bharata tathA bAhubali ke dvandvayuddha aura usakI pUrvakAlika ghaTanAoM ke vivaraNa meM jinasena aura hemacandra ke graMthoM meM mahAn antara hai| AdipurANa ke anusAra donoM pakSoM ke pramukha mantrI bhAvI janakSaya se bhIta hokara 'dharmayuddha' (dvandvayuddha) kI ghoSaNA karate haiM / bharata tathA bAhubali bar3I kaThinAI se maMtriyoM kA Agraha svIkAra karate haiM (36.40044) / tri.za.pu. casti kI bhA~ti bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya meM una uddhata vIroM ko narasaMhAra se virata karane kA zreya devatAoM ko diyA gayA hai, jo vibhinna tarkoM se unheM saimyayuddha ke duSpariNAmoM se avagata karate haiM (1.5.445-511 ) aura uttama yuddha vidhi se zaktiparIkSA karane ko prerita karate haiM / " bha. bA. mahAkAvya meM devatAoM ke tarka sAttvika rUpa meM bhinna na hote hue bhI tri.za. pu. carita kI apekSA adhika samartha tathA vizvAsajanaka haiM (16.14,44-45) / cakravartI bharata tathA takSazilAnareza bAhubali prAyaH hemacandra kI zabdAvalI meM eka-dUsare ko yuddha kA doSI mAnate haiM / puNyakuzala ne kalpanA kI mAliza car3hAkara use adhika AkarSaka banA diyA hai ( 16.26-28) / hemacandra ke anusAra bharata ke samAna bAhubali bhI devatAoM ke anurodha se, dvandvayuddha dvArA balaparIkSA kA vikalpa svIkAra kara letA hai (1.5.518 ) / isake viparIta bha.bA. mahAkAvya meM bAhubali pahale to sainya yuddha nizcaya para aDiga rahatA hai paraMtu, aMtataH, devoM ke prati sammAna ke kAraNa, svayaM dvandvayuddha kA prastAva karatA hai (19.5e-61) / ke AdipurANa meM bharata tathA bAhubali ke vividha dvandvoM - jalayuddha, dRSTiyuddha tathA bAhuyuddhakA varNana hai / bAhubali ko vijayotkarSa ke usa kSaNa meM bhrAtRparAjaya ke kukarma se AtmaglAni hotI hai| usake hRdaya meM vairAgya kA prabala udreka hotA hai aura vaha apane jyeSTha putra ko abhiSikta karake pravrajyA grahaNa karatA hai / kaThora tapazcaryA ke pazcAt use kaivalya kI prApti hotI hai ( 36.45 - 185) / puNyakuzala ne bharatabAhu- carita ke isa mahattvapUrNa prakaraNa ke nirUpaNa meM tri.za.pu. carita kA anugamana kiyA 15. tri.za. pu. carita, 1.5.208. 16. tathApi prArthya se vIra prArthanAkalpapAdapa / uttamenaiva yuddhena yudhyethA mA'dhamena tu / vahI, 1.5.516.

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bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya : puNyakuzala hai| donoM meM dvandvayuddhoM kI saMkhyA, krama tathA varNana meM Azcaryajanaka sAmya hai| hemacandra ke anukaraNa para puNyakuzala ne bharata-bAhubali ke kramazaH dRSTiyuddha, vAgyuddha; muSTiyuddha tathA daNDayuddha kA varNana lagabhaga unhIM kI zabdAvalI meM kiyA hai / dvandvayuddha meM parAjita hokara bharata ke cakraprahAra karane kA ullekha jinasena (36.65) aura hemacandra (1.5.716) ne bhI kiyA hai, kintu unake samAna cakra ke bAhubali kI pradakSiNA karane kA saMketa bha.bA. mahAkAvya meM nahIM hai yadyapi usake vivaraNa meM bhI vaha bAhuvali kA sparza kiye binA bharata ke pAsa lauTa AtA hai (17.65) / kruddha bAhubali ke cakra ko cUra karane ke lie muSTi uThAkara daur3anA kiMtu usI muSTi se kezoccheda kara sAdhutva svIkAra karanA, bharata kA anuja ko praNipAta karanA, AdarzagRha meM mudrikA girane se viSayoM kI AhAryatA tathA kSaNikatA kA bhAna hone se bharata kI kaivalya-prApti Adi ghaTanAe~ tri.za.pu.carita ke vivaraNa kI anugAminI haiM (1.5.730-798) / bha.bA. mahAkAvya ke saptama tathA aSTama sarga sainika yugaloM ke vanavihAra, jalakrIr3A, sandhyA, sambhogakrIr3A, sUryodaya Adi kAvyasulabha viSayAntaroM se paripUrNa haiM / jaina purANoM meM ina samasta viSayoM kI apekSA nahIM kI jA sktii| tri.za.pu. carita meM vastutaH inakA nitAMta abhAva hai, kiMtu Azcarya hai, kaTTaratAvAdI digambara jinasena ne vanavihAra tathA jalakrIr3A ke atirikta ratikrIr3A sahita uparyukta sabhI viSayoM kA tatparatA se varNana kiyA hai (35.152-236) / aMtara kevala yaha hai ki AdipurANa meM inakA sambandha bAhubali ke yoddhAoM se hai jabaki puNyakuzala ne inakA varNana bharata ke sainikoM ke saMdarbha meM kiyA hai| paraMtu puNyakuzala ko inakI preraNA mAghakAvya (sarga, 7-11) se milI pratIta hotI hai, jo kathAnaka ke prastutIkaraNa meM usakA Adarza hai| kadAcit yaha anumAna bhI asaMgata nahIM ki svayaM jinasena ina varNanoM ke lie mAgha kA RNI hai| jainapurANa meM yuddhayAtrA ke antargata aise svacchanda yaunAcaraNa kI kalpanA sambhava nahIM hai / puNyakuzala ko prApta mAgha kA dAya bha.bA. mahAkAvya ke kathAnaka kI samIkSA karate samaya tathA usake AdhArasrotoM ke vivecana ke prasaMga meM puNyakuzala ke sAhityika RNa kA kucha saMketa kiyA gayA hai / kathAvastu ke saMyojana, sargoM ke vibhAjana tathA varNya viSayoM ke upasthApana meM puNyakuzala mAgha ke padacihnoM para calate dikhAI dete haiN| zizupAlavadha kI bhAMti bha.bA. mahAkAvya kA pravartana usa maMgalAcaraNa se huA hai, jise zAstrIya bhASA meM vastunirdezAtmaka kahate haiM / zizupAlavadha zrayaMka kAvya hai / puNyakuzala ne apane kAvya ke pratyeka sarga ke antima padya meM 'puNyodaya' pada kA prayoga karake eka ora apane nAma kA

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164 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya guNThita saMketa kiyA hai to dUsarI ora mAgha kI paramparA kA nirvAha kiyA hai / mAghakAvya ke prathama sarga meM nArada ke Agamana kA varNana hai| puNyakuzala ke kAvya kA prArambha dUtapreSaNa se hotA hai / bha. bA. mahAkAvya kA kathAnaka mUlataH triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita se gRhIta hai, kintu usake prastutIkaraNa meM puNyakuzala ne mAgha ke yojanAkrama kA anusaraNa kiyA hai / isIliye mAghakAvya kI taraha bha.bA. mahAkAvya meM senAprayANa ke antargata usake sajjIkaraNa, par3Ava, punaH prasthAna, sainika yugaloM ke vanavihAra, jalakeli, suratakrIr3A, sUryAsta, candrodaya, prabhAta tathA sUryodaya ke varNana milate haiM / antara yaha hai ki mAgha ke varNana parimANa meM adhika vistRta tathA praur3hatA se paripUrNa haiM / jaina kavi ke pAsa kalpanAoM kA vaha koSa kahIM, jo mAgha meM milatA hai ? puNyakuzala ne sainika yugaloM kI vilAsa - ceSTAoM ke antargata mugdhA, khaNDitA, praur3hA, kalahAntaritA Adi vibhinna nAyikA - medoM kA mAgha kI bhA~ti AgrahapUrvaka nirUpaNa nahIM kiyA hai, yadyapi usake varNana bhI isa pravRtti se aspRSTa nahIM haiM / unameM bhI 'azAradA' (praur3hA ) kA pratyakSa tathA kalahAntaritA, mugdhA aura khaNDitA " kA pracchanna saMketa kiyA gayA hai / mAgha ke varNanoM meM zAstrIyatA adhika hai, puNyakuzala ke varNana svAbhAvikatA evaM saralatA ke kAraNa ullekhanIya haiM / parantu vaha mAgha ke ina vilAsitA ke varNanoM se itanA abhibhUta hai ki usane mAtra ke aneka bhAvoM ko yathAvat grahaNa kiyA hai / " rAjasUya yajJa meM sammilita hone ke lie jAne vAle yaduoM kI yaha vilAsitA mAghakAvya ke vIrarasapradhAna itivRtta meM hI pUrNatayA nahIM rama sakI hai, phira saMyamadhana sAdhu dvArA TheTha kAmukatA kA citraNa, usa kathAnaka meM, jisakI pariNati bhogatyAga meM hotI hai, kahA~ taka ucita hai, yaha prazna upasthita hone para, kahanA hogA ki puNyakuzala ne, isa prasaMga meM, mAgha kA AvazyakatA se adhika anukaraNa kiyA hai / 17. svIyamaMsamadhiropitA nAyitA cittakAmamamunA hyazAradA / bha. bA. mahAkAvya, 7.21 tathA 7.37, 41-42. 18. kalahAntaritA -- 7.56, khaNDitA, 8.37-38, Adi / 16. tulanA kIjie - uparijatarujAni yAcamAnAM kuzalatayA parirambhalolupo'nyaH / prathitapRthu payodharAM gRhANa tvamiti mugdhavadhUmudAsa dorbhyAm // zizupAlavadha, 7.46 kAcidunnatamukhI pratidrumaM hastadurlabhatamaprasUnakam / svayamaMsamadhiropya nAyitA cittakAmamamunA hyazAradA // bha. bA. mahAkAvya, 7.21 tathA zizupAlavadha, 7.47, bha. bA. mahAkAvya, 7.41-42; zizu, 7.45, bha. bA. mahAkAvya, 7.36; zizu. 7.52, ma.bA. 7. 31. Adi /

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bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya : puNyakuzala 165 mAgha tathA puNyakuzala donoM ne nAyaka kI sevA meM avatIrNa chaha paramparAgata RtuoM kA varNana kiyA hai / mAgha kA pUrA RtuvarNana (SaSTha sarga) yamaka se AcchAdita hai, puNyakuzala ne kevala zarat ke varNana meM yamaka kA Azraya liyA hai, vaha bhI SaD-RtuvarNana se pRthak, paMcama sarga meM / puNyakuzala kA yamaka arthabodha meM adhika bAdhaka nahIM hai| mAghakAvya ke samAna bha. bA. mahAkAvya ke do sargoM meM yuddha kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / bharata-vAhubali kI senAoM ke yuddha kA varNana puNyakuzala ke kisI bhI upajIvya kAvya meM upalabdha nahIM hai, isakA saMketa pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| bha. bA. mahAkAvya kA yaha sainyayuddha (sarga 15) nizcita rUpa se mAgha ke aThArahaveM sarga meM varNita zrIkRSNa aura zizupAla kI senAoM ke ghanaghora yuddha se prerita hai| puNyakuzala ke caudahaveM tathA pandrahaveM sarga caritakAvyoM ke yuddhavAtAvaraNa kA AbhAsa dete haiN| inameM sainikoM ke taipAra hone, yoddhAoM kI vIratA kA paricaya, vIroM ke siMhanAda, kabandhoM ke nartana, hAthiyoM ke ciMghAIne Adi rUr3hiyoM kA tatparatA se pAlana kiyA gayA hai| "ina rUr3hiyoM kI paramparA mAghakAvya se prArambha hokara caritakAvyoM se hotI huI hindI ke vIragAthAtmaka kAvyoM (tathA saMskRta ke paravartI mahAkAvyoM) taka AtI dikhAI detI hai"29 / mAgha to unnIsaveM sarga meM citrakAvya ke vyUha meM phaMsa gaye haiM, puNyakuzala ne senAoM ke yuddha kA atIva rocaka varNana kiyA hai / yaha kahanA atyukti na hogA ki yaha sarga yuddha kI apekSA kavi kI kAvyazakti tathA kalpanA kI kamanIyatA ko adhika vyakta karatA hai| sambhavataH isa sarga ke dvArA puNyakuzala ne mAgha ke citrakAvya kA virodhI dhruva upasthita kiyA hai / bharata aura bAhubali kA dvandvayuddha yadyapi triSaSTizAlakApuruSacarita kA anugAmI hai, kintu usakI preraNA puNyakuzala ko bhAravi ke kirAtArjunIya tathA zizupAlavadha meM daNita dvandva-yuddhoM se bhI milI hogii| chaThe sarga kA purasundariyoM kA varNana zizupAlavadha ke terahaveM sarga meM kRSNa ko dekhane ko lAlAyita striyoM ke varNana se prabhAvita pratIta hotA hai, yadyapi donoM kA lakSya bhinna hai| kadAcit kAlidAsa ke varNana bhI kavi ke antarmana meM rahe hoN| zizupAlavadha tathA bha. bA. mahAkAvya donoM kA kendra-bindu yuddha hai| phalataH donoM kAvyoM meM vIrarasa kI pradhAnatA hai kiMtu zrRMgAra kA citraNa kucha isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai ki vaha aMgIrasa para hAvI ho gayA hai / mAgha kA kAvya apane svAbhAvika anta - zizupAla ke vadha - taka pahuMca kara hI virata huA hai, bha. bA. mahAkAvya meM yuddha kA unnayana hotA hai| itanA hone para bhI puNyakuzala ne mAgha kI gAr3habandha zailI, bhASAtmaka 20. bha. bA mahAkAvya, 18.1-57 / / 21. DaoN0 bholAzaMkara dhyAsa : saMskRta-kavi-darzana, banArasa, 1955 pR0 178

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya kRtrimatA, atizaya alaMkaraNa tathA citrakAvyAtmaka kalAbAjiyoM ko grahaNa nahIM kiyaa| sambhavataH usake uddezyoM ne use isa cAkacikya ke moha se bacane kA sambala diyA hai / dUsare kA RNa lekara bhI apanI mUla pUMjI ko kaise surakSita rakhA jA sakatA hai, bha. bA. mahAkAvya isakA uttama udAharaNa hai| rasavidhAna bha. bA. mahAkAvya jaina sAhitya kI una inI-ginI kRtiyoM meM hai, jinakI racanA pratyakSataH dhArmika prayojana se nahIM apitu sahRdaya ko rasAsvAdana karAne ke liye huI hai / isaliye usameM kavi kA pracAravAdI svara bahuta manda, lagabhaga azravya, hai| puNyakuzala ne upayukta sthitiyAM cuna kara mAnava-hRdaya kI bhAvanAoM kI rasAtmaka abhivyakti kucha isa prakAra kI hai ki usakA kAvya gahana rasAnubhUti se otaprota ho gayA hai / saMkhyA kI dRSTi se to isameM adhika rasoM kA pallavana nahIM huA hai, kintu jina rasoM kI niSpatti kAvya meM huI hai, unameM itanI tIvratA tathA gambhIratA hai ki kevala isa dRSTi se bhI bha. bA. mahAkAvya kA sthAna saMskRta kAvyoM meM bahuta U~cA hai| - yuddha-pradhAna racanA hone ke kAraNa isameM vIra rasa kI pradhAnatA mAnI jaaegii| vIra rasa kI abhivyakti ke liye kAvya meM sthAna bhI kama nahIM hai| pandrahaveM sarga meM kramazaH vipakSI senAoM ke yuddha aura bharataM evaM bAhubali ke dvandvayuddha ke varNana meM vIra rasa kI sazakta abhivyakti huI hai / parantu bha. bA. mahAkAvya meM zrRMgAra ke ubhaya pakSoM kA citraNa itanI tatparatA tathA vistAra se kiyA gayA hai ki usake sammukha vIrarasa manda-sA par3a gayA hai| kAvya ke madhya bhAga ko par3hate samaya aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha AmUlacUla zRMgAra kA kAvya hai / sapheda sUtI kapar3e ke bIcoM-bIca yaha raMgIna rezamI thikalI hAsyajanaka hai parantu usase vastra kA AkarSaNa bar3hA hai, isameM sandeha nhiiN| puNyakuzala rasa-yojanA meM bhI mAghakAvya kA RNI hai| mAgha ke samAna hI usane zRgArarasa ko anapekSita mahattva dekara, apane itivRtta meM, vIra rasa kA virodhI dhruva prastuta kiyA hai| bha. bA. mahAkAvya kA caudahavAM sarga senAoM ke samarAMgaNa meM utarane, yoddhAoM kA paricaya tathA utsAhavardhana Adi pUrvaraMga kI sAjasajjA kA saMketa karatA hai| pandrahaveM sarga meM senAoM ke tridivasIya yuddha ke varNana meM dhanuSoM kI TaMkAra, talavAroM kI TakarAhaTa, kabandhoM ke nRtya, rakta kI nadiyAM pravAhita honA Adi una vIrarasAtmaka rUr3hiyoM kA tatparatA se nirvAha kiyA gayA hai, jo saMskRta ke caritakAvyoM tathA hindI ke vIragAthAtmaka kAvyoM kA anivArya aMga bana gayI thIM / cakravartI bharata tathA takSazilA-nareza bAhubali kI senAoM kA yaha pralayakArI yuddha isI raNa-zailI ko dyotita

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bharata bAhubali mahAkAvya : puNyakuzala 167 karatA hai jisake phalasvarUpa samarabhUmi pretarAja kI rAjadhAnI-sI pratIta hotI hai / bharata aura bAhubali ke dvaMdvayuddha meM vIrarasa kA prabhAvazAlI citraNa huA hai / isa dRSTi se unake muSTiyuddha kA varNana vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / donoM vIra pUrNa niSThA se ekadUsare ko parAjita karane ko utArU haiM / tau dhUlIlalitatanU vikIrNakezau svedodyajjalakaNasajibhAlapaTTau / rejAte raNabhuvi zaizavaMkalIlAsmartArAviva na hi vismaret smRtaM yat // zaMbenAcalamiva nAyakaH surANAM cakrezo draDhimajuSA'tha muSTinA tam / caNDatvAdurasi jaghAna so'pi jajJe vaMdhuryopacitavapustadIyaghAtAt // ucchvAsAnilaparipUrNa nAsiko'sau taddghAtocchalitaruSA karAlanetraH / niHzakaM prati bharataM tadA dadhAva bhogIndraM garuDa ivAhitApakArI // 17141-43 uparyukta yuddhavarNanoM ke atirikta naveM sarga meM bharata ko protsAhita karane vAlI senApati suSeNa kI uktiyAM tathA gyArahaveM sarga meM vIrapatniyoM kI utsAhavarddhaka uktiyAM" vIrarasocita darpaM tathA svAbhimAna se paripUrNa haiM / senApati kI mAnyatA hai ki balapUrvaka gharSita zatru kI bhUmi, suratamathitA kAminI kI taraha, adhika Ananda detI hai / vIra ke liye yuddha utsava ke samAna hai jo kAyara meM bhI vIratA kA saMcAra karatA hai / haThAt ripUNAM vasudhA bizeSAt krAntA mRgAkSIva sukhAya puMsAm / utsaMgamete samarotsave hi ki kAtaratvaM vidadhAti vIraH // 62 parantu jaina kavi kI ahiMsAvAdI vRtti turaMta yuddhajanya saMhAra ke prati vidroha kara uThatI hai aura use yuddha viSa ke samAna tyAjya pratIta hone lagatA hai" / 125 puNyakuzala kA mana vIrarasa se bhI adhika zRMgArarasa ke varNana meM ranatA hai / usakI bhASA meM zrRMgAra mukhya rasa hai aura nArI zRMgAra rasa kA 'keligRha / bha. bA. mahAkAvya meM zRMgAra rasa ke paripAka ke liye kaI prasaMga haiM / vanavihAra tathA caMdrodaya ke varNana, isa dRSTi se, bahuta upayogI siddha hue haiN| inameM kramaza: sainika yugaloM kI vilAsaceSTAoM tathA suratakrIr3AoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| puNyakuzala kA 22. bha. bA. kahAkAvya, 6.58-63 23. vahI, 11.20 - 40 24. saMmaro gara ivAkalanIyaH / vahI, 16.21 bigraho na kusumairapi kArya: / vahI 13.34 gIrvANo garamiti saMgaraM tadAvet / vahI, 17.28 kalahaM tamavehi halAhalakam / vahI, 17.70 25. rasasya pUrvasya ca kelisabhiH / vahI, 1.36 1

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168 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya zrRMgAra kAlidAsottara kaviyoM kI koTi kA zrRMgAra hai / ve kahIM-kahIM AvazyakatA se adhika vAcyapraNAlI kA Azraya le lete haiM / phalataH bhAravi, mAgha Adi kI bhAMti unakA zRMgArika citraNa azlIlatA kI sImA taka pahuMca gayA hai| "vaha kSaNika uttejanA bhale hI paidA kara de, zAzvata prabhAva nahIM DAla sktaa|" ina varNanoM meM puNyakuzala mAgha kI taraha zRMgAra kA kavi na raha kara kAma-kalA kA kavi bana gayA isa dRSTi se uparyukta prasaMgoM meM zrRMgAra ke kaI sarasa citra mila sakate haiM / eka nAyikA phUla tor3ane ke lie vRkSa para car3hanA cAhatI hai| vaha car3hane meM samartha hai kintu priya kA sparza pAne kI adhIratA ke kAraNa usane girane kA DhoMga racA / nAyaka ne tatkSaNa use bhujAoM meM bhara liyaa| isa prakriyA meM usa kAmAkula nAyikA kI kaMcukI TUTakara gira gyii| kevala adhovastra zeSa rhaa| lajjA se usakI AMkheM banda ho gayIM / yaha sparza kA sukha thaa| puSpazAkhizikharAvarUDhaye zaknuvatyapi ca kAcidicchati / manmathADhyadayitAMgasaMgama pUccakAra patitAhamityagAt // dhAritA priyabhujena sA dRDhaM skandhalagnalatikeva tatkSaNAt / nIvIbaddhasicayAvazeSakA hrInimIlitanayanA vyarAjata // 7.41-42 koI nAyikA priya ke Agamana kI pratIkSA kara rahI hai| sakhI ko bAhara jAne kA saMketa karate hue usane zikAyata kI, sakhI! dekho, vaha kitanA niSThura hai ? Ane kA nAma bhI nahIM letaa| sakhI usakA abhiprAya samajhakara bAhara calI gayI / jyoMhI priyatama ne ghara meM kadama rakhA, nAyikA ne kivAr3a banda kara liye / - kAcid vitAMgamamAtmabhartuH priyAli ! pazyAyamupaiti naiti| chalAditIyaM vijanaM cakAra pazcAt priyAptau ca dadau kapATam // 8.25. kisI nAyaka ne jaldI se Akara nAyikA kA AliMgana kiyaa| nAyikA ko usase saMtoSa nahIM huaa| usane vyaMgya karate hue kahA-maiM jAnatI hUM, tumhAre hRdaya meM koI anya sundarI sthita hai / use kaSTa na ho, isIlie tuma merA gADhAliMgana nahIM kara rahe ho| sasambhramaM kAcidupetya kAntA zliSTA priyeNeti jahAsa kAntam / hRdi sthitA yA tudati tvadIye gADhaM na saMzleSamato vidhatse // 8.26 aura yaha sambhoga kA khulA nimaMtraNa maryAdA kI samUcI sImAoM ko lAMgha gayA hai| yaha vyabhicAra kI parAkASThA hai| ehi ehi vara ! dehi mohanaM netarAsu hRdayaM vidhehi re / 7.37 ye puNyakuzala ke TheTha vilAsI nitroM meM se haiM jinakI tulanA bhAravi tathA

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bharatavAhubalimahAkAvya : puNyakuzala 166 mAgha ke ghora vAsanAmaya varNanoM se kI jA sakatI hai / 26 svayaM puNyakuzala kA zrRMgAravarNana vAsanA se mukta nahIM hai| parantu azvaghoSa kI taraha saMyamadhana jaina sAdhu ko nArI zIghra hI vikarSaNakArI tathA tapa kI bAdhaka pratIta hone lagatI hai / sainika yugaloM kI bhAvI viyogajanya vikalatA tathA senA ke prasthAna ke pazcAt yoddhAoM kI patniyoM kI mAnasika vedanA meM vipralambha kA daMza hai| unakI vihvalatA ko kavi ne sUkSmatA se aMkita kiyA hai| ve DabaDabAyI A~khoM se priya ke pagacihnoM ko DhUMDhane kA prayAsa kara rahI haiN| ve usa sthAna ko chor3ane ko kadApi taiyAra nahIM, jahA~ unake priyatamoM ne unase vidA lI thii| viraha meM priyatama se sambandhita pratyeka vastu ke prati yaha rAgAtmaka Asakti bahuta svAbhAvika evaM hRdayasparzI hai| viyogataH prANapateH patantI visaMsthulaM pANiSatApi skhyaa| caitanyamApayya ca tAlavRntAnileranAyi svagRhaM mRgAkSI // -- amuMcatI sthAnamidaM vimohAt preyHpdnyaasmnuvjntii| kAcid galadvASpajalAvilAkSI satyeritApputtaramArpayanna // 6.20-21 bha.bA. mahAkAvya meM vipralambha kI tIvratama vyaMjanA kadAcit yokhA ke isa prayANakAlIna citraNa meM huI hai| prasthAna kA samaya nikaTa Ane para usa vIra sainika kI preyasI virahavyathA se murajhA gii| priyA kI vikalatA dekhakara usake dhIraja kA bAMdha TUTa gayA, usakI aMkheM chalaka uThIM aura vaha muMha jhukAkara cupacApa raNabhUmi ko cala par3A / 'bhyagAnanaH' meM asIma dhvani hai, jisakI kalpanA sahRdaya kara sakatA hai| viyogadInAkSamavekSya vaktraM tadaiva kasyAzcana saMgarAya / vASpAmbupUrNAliyugaH svasaudhAnnyagAnanaH ko'pi bhaTo jagAma // 6.7 dUta se cakravartI bharata kA apamAnajanaka sandeza sunakara bAhubali ke krodha kA ora-chora nahIM rhtaa| Aveza se usakA zarIra lAla ho jAtA hai aura A~khoM meM khUna utara AtA hai| usakI ina ceSTAoM meM raudrarasa ke anubhAvoM kI prabala abhivyakti hai, jo anubhAva-citraNa meM kavi kI kuzalatA ghotita karatI hai| kSipan guMjAraNe netre vidrume iva vAridhiH / kopavIcIcayodrekAt svadordaNDataTopari // amimAntamivAntastu bahiryAtumivocatam / dharan zauryakakumantaM truttydNgdbndhnH|| 26. kirAtArjunIya, 8.51, zizupAlavadha, 7.46 27. kAminI hi na sukhAya sevitA / bha.bA. mahAkAvya, 7.40 aMgAradhAnIstapasAM vadhUstvaM hitvA / vahI, 10.44

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170 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya vahan bAlAtaparaktasAnusvarNAdrivibhramam / vapuSA kopatAmreNa sa tataunnatyazAlinA // 3.2-4 anubhAvoM ke nirUpaNa meM puNyakuzala kI yahI nipuNatA, bAhubali kI ojapUrNa cunautI se bhayAkrAnta dUta kI sthiti ke abhirAma citraNa meM prakaTa huI hai / praNipAta ke prastAva kI ghRNApUrNa asvIkRti tathA bAhubali ke zaurya ke tejasvI bakhAna se dUta kI ghiggI baMdha jAtI hai| use kaMpakaMpI chUTa jAtI hai, sira se pagar3I gira jAtI hai aura roma pasIne se tara ho jAte haiM / ye bhayAnaka rasa ke anubhAva haiM / 28 bha.bA. mahAkAvya kA paryavasAna zAntarasa meM hotA hai| mahAbhimAnI bAhubali aura rAjyalobhI bharata donoM, vibhinna mArgoM se, kevalajJAna ke eka hI bindu para pahu~cate haiN| devatAoM se yaha jAnakara ki mAna kA parityAga karane se bAhubali ko kaivalya kI prApti ho gayI hai, bharata ko bhI nirveda utpanna ho jAtA hai / usakI isa manobhUmi meM usa zAntarasa kA kalpataru prasphuTita hotA hai, jo, kavi ke zabdoM meM, sacamuca sarasa hai-bhaja zAntarasaM tarasA sarasam (17 / 74) / tA rAjadArA narakasya kArAste sarvasArAH kaluSasya dhaaraaH| zanaiH zanaizcakramatAtha tena prapedire bAndhavavRttavRttyA // 18.72 upAdhito bhrAjati beha eSa na ca svabhAvAtkathamatra raagH| tatkhAyapeyaH sukhitaH prakAmaM na svIbhavejjIvaH vicArayatat // 18.76 ekAntavidhvaMsitayA pratItaH piNDo'yamasmAdataH kAtra siddhiH / vidhIyate cetsukRtaM na kiMcid dehazca vaMzazca kulaM mRSetat // 18.77 prakRticitraNa bha. bA. mahAkAvya kavi ke prakRti-prema kA nizchala udgAra hai| SaD-Rtu, sandhyA, candrodaya, rAtri, sUryodaya Adi ke antargata puNyakuzala ko prakRti ke aneka hRdayagrAhI citra aMkita karane kA avasara milA hai| kavi kA prakRti ke prati kucha aisA anurAga hai ki vaha kathAvastu ko bhale hI bhUla jAe kintu prakRti-citraNa meM sadaiva tatpara rahatA hai / yuddhapradhAna kAvya meM prAkRtika saundarya kA yaha sAgraha varNana kavi ke prakRti ke gambhIra adhyayana tathA sahaja sahAnubhUti ko prakaTa karatA hai / bha. bA mahAkAvya meM prakRti kI vibhinna mudrAeM dekhane ko milatI haiN| kahIM vaha mAnava-sulabha kAryakalApa meM rata hai, kahIM usakA rUpa mAnava-hRdaya meM gudagudI paidA karatA hai aura kahIM vaha samasta ADambara chor3akara apanI naisargika rUpa-mAdhurI se usake bhAvuka hRdaya ko moha letI hai| tatkAlIna kAvya-paramparA ke anurUpa yadyapi bha.bA. mahAkAvya kA prakRti-citraNa vakrokti para AdhArita hai, kintu puNyakuzala ke prakRti-premI kavi ne prakRti 28. vahI, 3.37,39-40

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bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya : puNyakuzala ke Alambana pakSa kI upekSA nahIM kii| usakI kuzala tUlikA ne prakRti ke sahaja rupa ko bhI apane sparza se dIpita kara diyA hai, yadyapi aise varNana kAvya meM adhika nahIM haiN| varSAkAla kI malinatA ke pazcAt zarata meM cAroM ora svacchatA kA sAmrAjya chA jAtA hai / kamala vikasita hone lagate haiM, Ikha rasa se bhara jAtA hai, mAnasa seM lauTe hue haMsoM kA madhura kalarava sunAI par3atA hai aura osa ke kaNoM se yukta zItala pavana ke jhakoroM se dAMta kiTakiTAne lagate haiN| kAvya meM Rtu-varNana ke antargata zarat ke ina tattvoM kA manorama citraNa huA hai| zaradyavApAsamiyaSTivikAsamAyamjavanAni cAsan / marAlabAlavadhire' pramodAH ki zArado naH samayo hinadaga ? 1.46 bahannavazyAyakaNAn kRzAnudhvajAdhikazyAmatanuzcacAra / muhurmuhurvAditadantavINaH zaityapravINaH zizirAzugo'yaM // 18.53 bha. bA. mahAkAvya meM prakRti ke AlambanapakSa kI ora bhale hI adhika dhyAna na diyA gayA ho, usake AlaMkArika varNana meM kavi ne vizeSa ruci lI hai| prakRti ke alaMkRta varNana ke antargata kavigaNa adhikatara dUrArUr3ha kalpanAeM karate haiM athavA yamaka ke jAla meM phaMsa jAte haiM / zarad-varNana meM yamaka kA nirbAdha prayoga puNyakuzala ne bhI kiyA hai, kintu usakA uddezya isake dvArA zarat kA sahaja-alaMkRta citra aMkita karanA hai| isaliye usakI prakRti yamaka ke gorakhadhandhe meM phaMsa kara bhI barAbara kAvya kI raMgabhUmi meM banI rahatI hai / yamaka ke isa mahIna AvaraNa ke nIce prakRti kA sahaja rUpa spaSTa dikhAI detA hai| ahani cittamupAsyati kAminAM kamalinImalinIkulasazritAm / jaladamuktayA nizi nirmala sitaracaM tarucaJciracaM punH|| napa ! tanUbhavati kramato'dhunA vanabalaM navalambhitasasyakam / sphuTavilokayamAnataTAntaraM pramadayan ydynnliniidlH|| // 10-11 puNyakuzala ke anya prakRti-varNana ve haiM, jo aprastutoM para AdhArita haiN| isa sandarbha meM usane adhikatara utprekSA tathA upamA kA Azraya liyA hai, jisase usakA prakRti-varNana kalpanA se taralita ho gayA hai aura varNya viSaya meM hRdayaMgamatA AI hai| isa dRSTi se AThaveM sarga kA rAtrivarNana bahuta. sundara haiM kyoMki usameM prayukta aprastuta bahuta mAmika haiM / nIle AkAza meM chiTake hue tAre aise lagate haiM mAnoM mahala kI 29. kAvya meM prakRti ke AlambanapakSa ke citraNa ke anya sthaloM ke liye dekhiye 13:47,18.36,36,43,55 30. bha.bA. mahAkAvya, 18.26,28,29,38 tathA 8.15

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya indranIlamaNiyoM kI chata para sajAe gaye dIpaka hoM / juganU virahiNiyoM kI viyogAgni ke sphuliMga pratIta hote haiM / tAroM ke motiyoM se bharA AkAza aisA zobhita huA mAnoM candramA ke svAgata ke liye rajanI - nAyikA ke sira para rakhA huA vaiDUryamaNiyoM kA thAla ho / sUryAsta ke pazcAt andhakAra cora kI taraha dizAoM meM phaila gayA / AkAzasaudhe rajanIzvarasya mahendranIlAzmanibaddhapIThe / prAdurbabhUvuH parito digaMtAMstArAH pradIpA iva vAsarAnte // viyoginInAM virahAnalasya niHzvAsadhUmAvalidhU pradhAmnaH / sphuTAH sphuliMgA iva pusphuruzca khadyotasaMghAtamiSAttadAnIm // namaHstha tArakamauktikADhyaM vibhAvarI bhIruzirovirAji / rAjAgate maMgalasaMpravRttyai vaiDUryakasthAlamiva vyabhAsIt // astaM prayAte kila cakrabandhAvanudyate rAjani tejasADhye / 172 caurairiva vyAhatadRSTicAraistamobharairvyAnazire digaMtAH // 8. 8-11 bha. bA. mahAkAvya ke prakRticitraNa kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki usameM prakRti ne bahudhA mAnava kI bhUmikA kA saphala nirvAha kiyA hai| kAvya meM mAnava tathA prakRti kA itanA ghaniSTha sAmaMjasya hai ki yaha kahanA asambhava ho jAtA hai ki kahAM mAnava-varNana samApta hotA hai aura kahAM prakRti-varNana prArambha hotA hai / puNyakuzala ne prakRti para mAnava cetanA ko isa kauzala se Aropita kiyA hai aura vaha isa sahajatA se mAnavIya bhAvanAoM se anuprANita hai ki pAThaka kSaNa bhara ke lie bhUla jAtA hai ki vaha prakRti kA varNana par3ha rahA hai| Rtu-varNana, sUryAsta tathA candrodaya ke antargata to prakRti meM mAnava hRdaya kA spandana sabase adhika sunAI par3atA hai / sandhyA-varNana meM dina ko svAmibhakta anucara ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / jisa prakAra niSThAvAn sevaka ko svAmI ke marane ke pazcAt jIvana nIrasa tathA AkarSaNa - zUnya pratIta hotA hai, usI prakAra sUrya ke asta hone para usakA anuyAyI dina sandhyA kI citA meM jala kara mara gayA hai / aMdhakAra ke vyAja se citA kA dhuAM cAroM ora phaila rahA hai / astaMgate bhAnumati prabhau sve sandhyAcitAhavyavahe dinena / dhUmairiva dhvAntabharaiH prasatre nijaM vapurbhasmamayaM vitene // 8.7 sUrya ke chipate hI dina samApta ho jAtA hai aura dhIre-dhIre aMdhakAra phailane lagatA hai, yaha sarvavidita atisAmAnya tathya samAsokti kA sparza pAkara kavikalpanAjanya rocakatA se paripUrNa ho gayA hai / candrodaya ke prasaMga kI yaha samAsokti, candramA para kAmI kI ceSTAoM ke

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bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya : puNyakuzala 173 Aropa para AdhArita hai ! rAtri kI nIravatA meM jaise kAmI apanI preyasI kA adhovastra kholakara usake lAvaNya ko udghATita kara detA hai usI prakAra yaha dekhakara ki kamaliniyAM so rahI haiM aura kumudiniyAM usakI antaraMga sakhiyAM haiM, candramA ne turanta hAtha bar3hA kara rajanI-nAyikA kI kAlI sAr3I khIMca dI hai| usakA pondarya cAroM ora chiTaka gayA hai| etavayasyAH kumudinya etAH pazyantu, suptAH punrmbujinyH| vidhuvicArye ti nizAMganAyAstamitravAsaH sahasA cakarSa // 8.54 puNyakuzala ne prakRti ke uddIpana pakSa kA bhI citraNa kiyA hai| kintu yaha jJAtavya hai ki samavartI prakRti-varNana kI zailI ke viparIta puNyakuzala ne apanI suruci ke kAraNa usake prati adhika utsAha nahIM dikhAyA hai| isase usakA prakRticitraNa usa kurucipUrNa zRMgArikatA se AkrAMta nahIM huA, jo mAgha Adi ke prakRtivarNanoM meM milatI hai| vasanta meM kokilAoM kA mAdaka svara, surabhita bayAra tathA cAMdanI-bharI nIrava rAteM praNayakupita kAmijanoM ko mAnatyAga ke lie vivaza kara detI haiN| yuvadvayIcittadarInivAsimAnagrahagranthibhido viraavaaH| puMskokilAnAM prasabhaM prasanurvanasthalInmiSitAsu pusspaiH|| 18.13 payodhiDiNDIranitAntakAntaM pIyUSakAntevicacAra tejH| tenaiva cetAMsi vilAsinInAM vitenire mAnaparAMci kAmam // 18.16 puNyakuzala ne pazuprakRti kA aMkana karane meM ruci nahIM lI hai| avazya hI usakI painI dRSTi pazujagat kI ceSTAoM kA sUkSma vizleSaNa karane meM samartha thii| bha. bA. mahAkAvya meM kevala eka sthAna para, grISma kI dopaharI meM pAnI pIne ke liye tAlAba kI ora daur3ate hue pazuoM kA alaMkRta citraNa huA hai, jo kavi ke sAdRzyavidhAna ke naipuNya ke kAraNa saundarya se camatkRta ho uThA hai| puNyakuzala prakRti-citraNa kI samasAmayika pravRttiyoM se aprabhAvita to nahIM rahA, parantu apanI suruci ke kAraNa usane prakRti-citraNa ko na apane kAmazAstrIya pANDitya ke darzana kA akhAr3A banAyA hai aura na dUra kI kaur3I phaikI hai, jaisA usake AdarzabhUta mAghakAvya meM huA hai| caritracitraNa bha. bA. mahAkAvya meM bharata aura bAhubali kevala do mukhya pAtra haiM aura donoM hI kAvya ke nAyaka haiN| bharata ke nAyaka hone meM to koI sandeha hI nahIM ho sktaa| usakA cakravatitva hI use nAyaka ke pada para pratiSThita karatA hai / bAhubali, na kevala kevalajJAnI hai. vaha, paribhASA ke anurUpa, prArambha se anta taka, kAvya kI kAyA meM

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11.74 jaina saskRta mahAkAvya prAga ke samAna vyApta hai / yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki kAvya kA anta usakI parAjaya mAthavA sama se nahIM apitu unnayana se huA hai| vaha hara prakAra se nAyaka ke pada kA adhikArI hai| yadi use kAvya kA aMgabhUta mAyaka mAnA jAe, to usakA vistRta vargala rasadoSa hogA, jisakI AlocanA sAhityazAstriyoM ne hayagrIvavadhakAvya ke pratinAyaka ke prasaMga meM kI hai" / sambhavataH yaha kavi ko abhISTa nahIM hai| . bharata tathA bAhubali sage bhAI haiM -Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke putra / jyeSTha putra hone ke nAte bharata ko, ayodhyApati ke rUpa meM, pitA kA uttarAdhikArI niyukta kiyA jAtA hai| bAhubali ko takSazilA kA rAjya milaa| .. bharata bIratA tathA pratApa kI sAkAra pratimA hai / SaD-khANDa meM usakA apratihata pramukha hai / vana se Ahata parvatoM ko sAgara kI alarAzi meM zaraNa mila sakatI hai parantu usake pratApa se mathita vipakSI rAjAoM kA trilokI meM koI trAtA nahIM hai / usake anujoM sahita pRthvItala ke samasta rAjA usakI AjJA ko zirodhArya kara apane ko kRtakRtya mAnate haiN|| phalataH rAjalakmiyAM use svataH prApta ho gayI haiM jaise saritAeM svayaM sAgara meM pahuMca jAtI haiN"| devatA bhI usake teja se kAMpate haiM, tuccha manuSya kA to kahanA hI kyA ? svayaM devarAja indra use apane Adhe siMhAsana para baiThA kara sammAnita karatA hai / mayoM athavA amalyoM meM usake pairI.kI kalpanA karamA AkAzakusuma kI bhAMti asambhava hai. apane sakase vaha isa kAra durvarSa bana gayA hai jaise mada se hAthI, siMha se bana, vAyu se Aga aura kaDavAnala se saagr"| saMsAra meM kevala bAhubali hI aisA vyakti hai, jo usakI adhInatA nahIM mAnatA, jisake phalasvarUpa usakA cakra AyudhazAlA meM praviSTa nahIM huaa| . pratApI samrAT hone ke nAte vaha rAjyalolupa hai / vaha samasta jagat para usI prakAra apanA Adhipatya sthApita karane ko lAlAyita hai jaise indra kA svarga para tathA grahoM para sUrya kA prabhutva hai| apanI lipsA kI pUrti ke liye vaha sadaiva yuddha 31. aMgasyApradhAnasyAtivistareNa varNanam / yathA hayagrIvavadhe hayagrIvasya / kAvya prakAza, pUnA, 1965, saptama ullAsa, pR. 441 32. bha0 bA0mahAkAvya, 2.37 / 33. svayaM tamAyAnti narendralakSmyo mahIdhrakanyA iva vArirAzim / vahI, 2.35 34. surA api cakampire martyakITAstataH ke'mI / vahI, 11.63 35. vahI, 2.64 36. madena hastIdha vanapradezo mRgAriNevAgnirivAzumena / UrvAnaleneva payodhirAbhAccakreNa raajaadhikduHprrdhrssH||vhii, 2.42 37. vahI, 2.77

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bharatavAhubalimahAkAvya : puNyakuzala ke liye taiyAra rahatA hai, cAhe yaha yuddha bhAI ke sAtha hI sar3anA pdd'e| yaha bAta:bhinna hai ki SaTkhaNDavijayI isa cakravartI ko bAhubali ke sAtha yuddha meM svayaM muMha kI khAnI par3I hai| dvandvayuddha meM usakI vIratA kA paricaya avazya milatA hai, kintu usameM vahI vijaya prApta nahIM kara sakA / yadi devagaNa hastakSepa na karate to usakI sthiti kA sahaja anumAna kiyA jA sakatA thaa| rAjya lipsA ko chor3akara bharata ziSTa tathA zAlIna vyakti hai / mahAtmAoM ke prati use zraddhA hai| vaha yuddha se pUrva caitya meM jAkara Adiprabhu kI vandanA karatA hai tathA kaivalyaprApti hone para apane anuja ko bhI praNipAta karatA hai / usakI sAmrAjya kSudhA kI pariNati, antatogatvA, kevalajJAna meM hotI hai| . .... bAhubali kA astitva svAbhimAna tathA svAdhInatAma kI cInanna vyAkhyA hai| darpazAlI puruSoM meM agragaNya vaha prANa chor3a sakatA hai, svAbhimAna kadApi nhiiN| use pitRtulya agraja kI adhInatA bhI mAnya nahIM hai / bharata kA dUta tathA usakA apanA mantrI, bharata kI atulita bIratA kA bhaya dikhAkara use usakA pramukha svIkAra karane 'ko vivaza karane kA prayAsa karate haiM, kintu vaha apanI svatantratA kA samajhautA karane ko kadApi taiyAra nahIM hai / isa sambandha meM vaha devatAoM ke anunaya ko bhI ThukarA detA hai / vaha usa sarvabhakSI udbhrAntagaja ko apanI bhujA ke aMkuza se sahI mArga para lAne kA saMkalpa karatA hai| parantu isakA yaha artha nahIM ki vaha hRdayahIna athavA bandhutva kI bhAvanA se zUnya hai / agraja ke dUta ke Agamana se usakA hRdaya zaizava kI capalatAoM kI sudhiyoM se bhara jAtA hai aura usameM bhrAtR-prema chalaka uThatA hai| usakI kAmanA hai ki sneha se paripUrNa unake bandhutva kA dIpa 'khedavAta' se surakSita rhe| vastutaH bharata usake liye pitRvat pUjanIya hai kintu usakI prabhutva-svIkRti kI lalakAra se bAhubali ke svAbhimAna kA nAga phuphakAra uThatA hai| akhaprabhRti me bhrAtA pUjyo'yaM tAtapAdavat / ataH paraM virodhI me bhrAtA no tAdRzo khalu // 3-11 usase adhInatA svIkAra karane kI bharata kI apekSA siMha se mAMsa chInane ke samAna vivekahIna hai| bAhubali sAkSAt zaurya hai / vaha sacamuca bAhubalI hai / vajradhArI indra mana se 38. bhaTairvRto'sUna kila mokSyate raNe na ca smayaM hi prathamo'bhimAninAm / bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya, 1136 36. maddordaNDAMkuzAghAtaM vinA mArge na gtvrH| vahI, 3.15 40. vahI, 2.16 41. mattaH siMhAdiva palaM sevAmarthayate vRthA / vahI, 3.13

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya bhI usakA gharSaNa nahIM kara sakatA (1.23) / surAcArya se bar3A koI vidvAn nahIM, bAhubali se bar3A koI balavAn nhiiN| vaha vairivaMza ke liye dAvAgni hai, nIti kA maNDapa hai tathA parAkrama kA sindhu hai" / usake liye yuddha utsava ke samAna AnandadAyI hai (1.30) / usakA vizvAsa hai ki use (bAhubali ko) parAjita kiye binA bharata kA cakravartitva adhUrA hai / samarAMgaNa meM usake samakSa Ate hI bharata kA SaT-khaMDavijaya se utpanna ahaMkAra kSaNa bhara meM cUra ho jaaegaa| yaha mAtra vikatthanA nhiiN| dvandvayuddha meM vastutaH usake sAmane bharata ke chakke chUTa jAte haiN| hatAza hokara bharata jaba apanA cakra chor3atA hai, use tor3ane ke liye vaha muSTi tAna letA hai| saMsAra ko dhvaMsa se bacAne ke liye devagaNa use muSTiprahAra se rokate haiN| - - bharatAcaritaM caritaM manasA smara mA smara kelimiva zramaNaH / 17.73 vaha devatAoM kA anurodha to mAna letA hai aura bharata ke AcaraNa ko bhI bhUla jAtA hai kintu usakA karma kabhI vyartha nahIM jA sktaa| saMkalpa aura karma ke sAmaMjasya kA yahI AdhAra hai / vaha usI muSTi se kezaluMcana kara tApasavrata grahaNa karatA hai aura kAlAntara meM kevalajJAna prApta karatA hai / bAhubali svatantratA kI rakSA ke lie sarvasva nyauchAvara kara detA hai / usakA vyaktitva adhInatA kI asvIkRti kI sarvottama vyAkhyA hai| ... bharata kA dUta kAvya kA eka anya ullekhanIya pAtra haiN| vaha apane karma meM dakSa hai tathA usameM dUtocita ziSTatA hai / bAhubali kI sabhA meM vaha nirbhIkatApUrvaka apane svAmI kA pakSa prastuta karatA hai tathA usake zaurya kA varNana karatA hai / yadyapi bAhubali, ise apanI vIratA ko cunautI samajhakara, uttejita ho jAtA hai aura use apamAnapUrvaka sabhA se bAhara nikAla detA hai para vaha na apanA santulana khotA hai, na ziSTatA hI chor3atA hai| svAmibhakti usake jIvana kA sarvasva hai / vaha svAmI ke Adeza kA niSThA se pAlana karatA hai aura sadaiva usakA anugamana karanA apanA karttavya mAnatA hai / 42. kaH paNDitaH surAcAryAt ko devAdadhiko blii| vahI, 11.77 43. vahI 16.42-43 44. SaTkhaNDavijayAt tena jiSNutA yA tvavApyata / ____ apUrva jiSNutAmAptuM mattastAmayamIhate // vahI, 3.24 45. bhavAMstulAM tasya rathAMgapANerna kAMcidArohati zauryasindhuH / vahI, 2.87 tathA 2.61,65 46. vayaM carA: svAminidezanighnAH / vahI, 2.27

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bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya : puNyakuzala 177 usake vicAra meM jo cara apane mAlika ko dhokhA detA hai athavA anya kI tulanA meM use durbala samajhatA hai, vaha vaDavAgni ke samAna hai, jo nirantara apane AzrayadAtA ko hI khAtI hai / karttavyapAlana meM hI usake jIvana kI dhanyatA hai"| suSeNa bha. bA. mahAkAvya meM bharata ke senAnI suSeNa kI carcA bhI huI hai para usakA caritra vikasita nahIM ho sakA hai / vaha svAmibhakta, vyavahArakuzala tathA rAjanItipaTu hai / bAhubali kI cunautI se bharata ke vicalita hone para suSeNa use yuddha ke liye protsAhita karatA hai / usake toM meM vyAvahArikatA tathA vIratA kA samanvaya hai| usake vicAra meM bharata kI upekSA ke kAraNa tathA RSabha kA putra hone ke nAte bAhubali ke parAkrama kI khyAti ho. gayI hai / rAjA ke liye bandhuprema Adi kI bhAvukatA nirarthaka hai| 'nRpatirna sakhA' yaha rAjA kA AdarzavAkya hai| vijayazrI kI prApti yuddha meM hI hotI hai" / bAhubali ke rAjya kA vRttAnta jAnane ke liye guptacara bhejanA usakI rAjanItika kuzalatA kA ghotaka hai| bhASA-zailI bhASAtmaka dRSTi se bha. bA. mahAkAvya saMyama tathA santulana kI kRti hai| anya bAtoM meM mAghakAvya se prerita hokara bhI puNyakuzala ne usakI gAr3habagdha bhASA tathA kRtrima zailI ko grahaNa nahIM kiyA, yaha usakI bhASAtmaka suruci kA paricAyaka hai| usake padavinyAsa kA mAdhurya usake pratyeka varNana tathA prasaMga ko naI AbhA pradAna karatA hai| lAlitya kI antardhArA usameM sarvatra pravAhita hai| yaha bhAvAnukUlatA tathA prAMjalatA bhASA ke ve guNa haiM, jo kisI racanA ko mahAn banAte haiM / kevala bhAvAtmaka sauSThava kI dRSTi se bhI bha. bA. mahAkAvya uttama kAvyoM se hor3a le sakatA bha. bA. mahAkAvya meM bhAvoM tathA unakI anugAmI sthitiyoM kI vividhatA kA bAhulya hai / ghaTanA-bahula itivRtta ko nAnA prasAdhanoM se sajA-saMvAra kara vizAla AkAra meM prastuta karane kA yaha svAbhAvika pariNAma thA / bhAvoM ke anusAra dhvaniyoM ko sajAne meM puNyakuzala dakSa hai / parantu sahajatA tathA komalatA usakI bhASA kI do aisI vizeSatAeM haiM, jo pratyeka bhAva athavA prasaMga ke citraNa meM barAbara banI rahatI haiN| saMskRta kAvyoM meM yuddha kA sajIva evaM prabhAvazAlI citra upasthita karane ke liye 47. ""sa payodhilisamAnatA gacchati saMbhavAriH / vahI, 2.27 48. dUtatvaM bharatezasya kRtaM bAhubaleH purH| mama kItizciraM sthAnuritAmodanuvAha sH|| vahI, 3.46 / 46. vahI, 4.46, 55, 56, 73

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178 . jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya prAyaH ojapUrNa samAsabahulA padAvalI prayukta kI jAtI hai| jaisA pahale saMketa kiyA gayA hai, bha. bA. mahAkAvya ke yuddha-varNana bhASA ke oz2a athavA prauDhatA kI apekSA usakI madhuratA evaM komalatA aura kavikalpanA kI manoramatA ko adhika vyakta karate haiM / kaThora prasaMgoM meM bhI puNyakuzala apanI bhASA ko kliSTatA se bacAne ke liye kitane prayatnazIla haiM, yaha varNana isakA uttama nidarzana haiN| bharata tathA bAhubali ke dvandvayuddha meM bhASA kI uparyukta vizeSatAoM kA kucha AbhAsa milatA hai, yadyapi yahAM bhI praur3hatA kI bajAya samAsa-bAhulya para adhika bala hai| ....... saMghaTTasphuradanalasphuliMganazyatpaulomIsicayakSUinanAtitIva / .... AkAzazvasanarayavinItakhedasvedAmbhaHkaNaparimuktavIrakAtram // ...SaTkhaNDAdhipatiratha krudhA karAlo daNDena smayamiva maulimAbamaJja / ...tacchIrSAdhivasanakalpitasthiratvaM niHzaMkaM bhlipterudnbaahoH|| 17.54-55 bharata ke sainya-prayANa ke varNanoM meM bhI bhASA kA lAlitya tathA sauSThava dRSTi gocara hotA hai| yuddha-citraNa kI bhAMti ye prasaMga bhI kavikalpanA se taralita haiN| bharata ke vijaya-prayANa ke samaya cAroM dizAeM senA dvArA ur3AyI gayI dhUli se Dhaka jAtI haiN| kavi kI kalpanA hai ki dizAoM kI vadhuoM ne prabhutAsampanna pati se apanA ughar3A muMha chipAne ke liye kAlA ghUghaTa nikAla liyA hai| anAvRtaM pazyatu mA mukhAmnamayaM patinaH prmuttoppnyH| itIba reNucchalato haribhiH samAdade nIlapaTI samantAt // 2.41 samarAMgaNa meM jAte hue yoddhAoM ko protsAhita karane vAlI vIrapatniyoM kI uktiyAM kSatriyocita darpa se paripUrNa haiM / yahAM jo prAMjala samAsarahita bhASA prayukta huI hai, vaha sainikoM ko kartavya bodha karAne ke liye bahuta upayukta hai| vaidarbhI rIti apane pUrNa vaibhava ke sAtha vIrAMganAoM kI ina uktiyoM meM prakaTa huI hai| mAM vihAya yathA yAsi pramanAstvaM raNAMgaNe / na tathA vIratAM hitvAgamyaM bhavatA gRhe // 11.30 vIrasurjananI te'stu pitA vIraH punastava / tvadeva sAmprataM vIra ! vIrapatnI bhavizyaham // 11.36 / pazcAttApa-pIDita bharata ko nirAzA kI tandrA se jagAkara yuddhArthe prerita karane ke liye senApati suSeNa ke tarka bhI vIrocita darpa se spandita haiM kintu unake vyAja se kavi ne rAjA ke liye Avazyaka nIti-siddhAMtoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| unakI bhASA prasaMgAnukUla subodhatA ke kAraNa spRhaNIya hai| ---- praNayasya vazaMvado namaH svajanaM kurvamika vikAyata .. 'nivasannapi vigrahAntare vikRto vyAdhiralaM guNAna kim ?,4.57 .....

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bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya : puNyakuzala 176 anunItimatAM varaH kvacit kvacidIAlurasau kssitiishvrH| ... ra anunItirapekSayAJcitA pratipakSeSu yadAyatau zriye // 4.66 yuddhavarNana meM jahA~ apekSAkRta samAsabhita zailI kI pradhAnatA hai, vahAM zRMgAra ke citraNa meM usakI sahajatA ullekhanIya hai / puNyakuzala ne. saMyoga tathA vipralambha kI padAvalI meM bhI, pAtroM kI manaHsthiti ke anurUpa, viveka karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| vipralambha kI bhASA vicitra dainya tathA asahAyatA se anuprANita hai, jo virahI hRdaya kI vedanA ko bimbita karatI haiN| isake viparIta sambhoga zRMgAra ke nirUpaNa meM prayukta padazayyA AhlAda tathA yauvanasulabha ullAsa se otaprota hai| sAtaveM sarga meM vanavihAra tathA jalakrIr3A ke antargata premI yugaloM kI zRMgArika ceSTAoM ko jisa bhASA meM vyakta kiyA gayA hai, vaha rasarAja kI sRSTi ke liye yathocita vAtAvaraNa nirmita karatI hai| ___ avasarAnukUla bhASA uddezyapUrti meM sahAyaka hotI hai, puNyakuzala isa manovaijJAnika tathya se suparicita hai / devagaNa bAhubali ko muSTiprahAra se virata karane ke liye kalaha ke duSpariNAma, AtmasaMyama tathA maryAdApAlana kI jo yuktiyAM dete haiN| anuprAsa kI mAdhurI tathA prAMjalatA ne unakI prabhAvazAlitA ko dUnA kara diyA hai| nimnokta padAvalI meM asIma komalatA tathA madhuratA hai| ayi bAhabale kalahAya balaM bhavato bhavadAyaticAra kimu / prajighAMsurasi tvamapi svaguruM yadi tadguruzAsanakRt ka iha // kalahaM tamavehi halAhalakaM yamitA yamino'pyayamA niyamAt / bhavatI jagatI jagatIzasutaM nayate narakaM tadalaM kalahaiH / / 17.69-70 puNyakuzala kI tUlikA zabdacitra aMkita karane meM nipuNa hai / usake zabdacitra varNya viSaya ke svarUpa ko pUrNatayA hRdayaMgama karake prastuta kie gaye haiM / phalataH unake adhyayana se viSaya athavA vyakti ke samUce guNa tathA vyaktitva kI samagratA sahasA mAnasa para aMkita ho jAtI hai / bAhubali ho athavA Adideva kA caitya, takSazilA kA 'nikaTavartI kAnana ho athavA sImAvartI mandAkinI, puNyakuzala kI pratibhA ke sparza se sabhI viSaya dIpita ho gaye haiM / siMhAsanAsIta bAhubali ke prastuta citra meM usakI tejasvitA mUrta ho uThI hai|.. / 50. jahIhi maunaM racayAtmakRtyaM sakhojane dehi dRzaM mRgAmi / :.... : ... vadhAsi kiM ghanakumuddazAM saMbodhya nIteti ca kAcivAlyA // vahI, 6.28 51. maunamevamanayAppudIritA yaavdaadhitvtii,tvdhomukhii| .... tAvadetya sahasA latAntarAcchizliSe praNayinA'tha mAninI // vahI, 7,63. .

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180 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya apUrvapUrvAdrimivAMzumAlinaM mahAmRgendrAsanamapyadhiSThitam / mahobhiruddIpitasarvadigmukhairvapurdurAlokamalaM ca bibhratam // 1.73 mujadvayIzauryamivAkSigocaraM caro mahotsAhamivAMginaM punaH / cakAra sAkSAdiva mAnamunnataM vasundharezaM vRSabhadhvajAMgajam // 1.77 isa prakAra bha. bA. mahAkAvya kI bhASA kI vibhinnatA, kRtrimatA athavA kliSTatA aura prAMjalatA vAlI vividhatA nahIM balki sauSThavapUrNa subodhatA tathA kama subodhatA ke bIca kI bhinnatA hai / apane AdarzabhUta mAghakAvya ke viparIta jAkara puNyakuzala ne bhASAyI sahajatA kA kIrtimAna sthApita karane kA zlAghya prayatna kiyA uparyukta guNoM se sampanna hone para bhI bha. bA. mahAkAvya kI bhASA kucha vicitra truTiyoM se dUSita hai / isameM aneka aise doSa dRSTigocara hote haiM, jinakI kAvyazAstriyoM ne nindA kI hai| 'yattadonityasambandhaH' kA pAlana karate hue 6 / 48 meM 'sa:' kI tulanA meM 'ya:' kA do bAra prayoga akSamya hai| sAhityazAstra meM yaha doSa 'adhika' nAma se khyAta hai| nIto'hamindratvamahaM tvidAnIm (2-20), meM 'ahaM', 'tvatpratApadahane tvadarINAm' (6.45), meM 'tvat', jalasthapAlisthitapadminIbhiH (.3) meM sthita', svasvArthacintAvidhimAtatAna (11.12) meM 'sva' pada adhika haiN| bha. bA. mahAkAvya meM kahIM-kahIM arthahIna pAdapUraka nipAtoM kA udAratA se prayoga kiyA gayA hai / 'tu' kavi kA priya nipAta pratIta hotA hai| 1.31 meM do bAra tathA 1.32,4.44 4.53,17.67,17.68 meM isakA eka-eka bAra prayoga isa tathya kA dyotaka hai| katipaya dhAtuoM tathA zabdoM ko puNyakuzala ne aise arthoM meM prayukta kiyA hai, jinameM unakA vidhAna nahIM hai / avati (3.106), cakate (4.60) tathA anunayanam (5.48) kramazaH janayati, bibheti tathA prasAdhana ke vAcaka nahIM hai| 'naidbhiyA trastamahIdharANAm' (2.37), tatrAtaMkakRdAtaMka: (3.76), bANaghAtabhItyeva bhIta: (9.46), tIkSNAMzutaptyA paritapyamAnAH (6.45) meM punaruktatA hai / kAvya meM kucha zabda aise apracalita arthoM meM prayukta hue haiM, jinameM yadyapi unakA prayoga vihita hai kintu unameM una arthoM ke bodha kI zakti nahIM hai / haMsa (sUrya), vaDavAmukha (pAtAla); jarAbhIra (kAma), madana (moma) isa koTi ke zabda haiN|2 / zAstrIya bhASA meM yahAM 'asamartha doSa hai / 'raktAkSadhvajabhaginItaraMgabhugnAm' (16.15) meM yamunA artha kI pratipatti meM vyavadhAna hone ke kAraNa 'kliSTatA' doSa hai| asmaRddhiparivardhake ravI maiSa kupyatu (7.8) tathA vilAsageheSvaSizayya (18.55) meM saptamI apANinIya hai| arthAntaranyAsa kA vyApaka prayoga hone ke kAraNa bha0 ba0 mahAkAvya sUktiyoM 52. kramazaH 8.13,9.40,18.54

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bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya : puNyakuzala 181 kA vizAla bhaNDAra bana gayA hai| arthAntaranyAsa ke atirikta ina sUktiyoM ne upamA, utprekSA, dRSTAnta, kAvyaliMga Adi kA paridhAna bhI dhAraNa kiyA hai / ye sUktiyAM kavi ke jIvana ke vividha pakSoM ke adhyayana, saMvedanazIlatA tathA vyAvahArika jJAna kI paricAyaka haiM / katipaya rocaka sUktiyAM yahAM pAThakoM ke vinodArtha uddhRta kI jAtI kramaM na lumpanti hi sattamAH kvacit / 1.14 satAM hi vRttaM satataM pravRttyai / 2.36 ahaMkAro hi dustyajaH / 3.70 abhayaH zriyAM padam / 4.60 pApe'Sike kiM sukhamuttamAnAm / 8.13 bhAvinI hi garIyasI / 11.11 bodha eva paramaM nayanam / 16.1 toSa eva sukhado muvi / 16.55 alaMkAra-vidhAna bhASA ke pazcAt alaMkRti kalApakSa kI samRddhi kA dUsarA mUlabhUta tattva hai / saMskRta kAvyoM meM isakA sAgraha niveza alaMkRti kI mahattA kI svIkRti hai / bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya meM bhI alaMkAroM kI vyApaka yojanA huI hai kintu ve bhAva-vyaMjanA meM kucha isa prakAra anusyUta haiM ki ve kAvyakalA ke zAzvata sahacara pratIta hote haiM / anAvazyaka alaMkAra-bhAra se kAvya ko AcchAdita karane kA puNyakuzala kA Agraha nahIM ___ bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya meM upamA bhAvAbhivyakti kA sazakta mAdhyama hai / aprastutoM kI khoja meM puNyakuzala ne jIvana ke prAya: sabhI pakSoM kA anveSaNa kiyA hai| sAbhiprAya tathA mArmika upamAna juTAne meM vaha itanA siddhahasta hai ki 'upamA puNyakuzalasya' kahanA atyukti na hogA ! upamAna-vidhAna ke isI kozala ke kAraNa usake varNana saundarya se dIpta haiM tathA bhAvavyaMjanA meM aisI preSaNIyatA AyI hai ki varNya bhAva athavA viSaya turanta pratyakSa ho jAtA hai / bhAvAnukUla amUrta upamAna saMcita karane meM kavi ko anupama dakSatA prApta hai / vividha srotoM se gRhIta anya upamAnoM ke sAtha ye upamAna usake vyApaka jIvana-anubhava tathA prakRti kI sahaja abhijJatA ke sUcaka haiM / puNyakuzala kI upamAoM kI mArmikatA ke digdarzana ke lie katipaya udAharaNa Avazyaka haiN| patAkinI zrIbharatezvarasya sImAntaraM takSazilAdhipasya / sAzaMkamAnA muhurAsasAda vadhUnavoTheva vilAsoham // 10.1.

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12 / - jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya * lokajIvana se gRhIta yaha upamA kitanI bhAvapUrNa hai ! prathama bAra zayanagRha meM jAtI huI navavadhU ke saMkoca ko dekhate hue takSazilA-nareza kI sImA kA ullaMghana karane vAlI bharata kI senA kI AzaMkA kA sahaja hI bhAna ho jAtA hai| ___ ayaM hya nazatabhrAtRrAjyAdAnairna tRptibhAk / vaDavAgnirivAmbhobhirvasan ratnAkare'pi hi // 3.14. mithika jagat se saMcita upamAna para AdhArita yaha upamA atIva sAbhiprAya hai| nirantara samudrajala kA zoSaNa karane vAlI kAlpanika kar3avAgni se bharata kI rAjyakSudhA kI tulanA karake usakI lolupatA kI asImatA kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai| mantrI Adi prajAjana tejasvI rAjA se usI prakAra Darate haiM jaise hAthI dhadhakatI dAvAgni se / 53 zaktisaMpanna rAjA kI pracaNDatA ko rekhAMkita karane ke lie dAvAnala upamAna kitanA upayukta hai ! svAmI ke parAkrama ke atireka se (bhAvI) vijaya kA bhAna ho jAtA hai jaise bAlA ke stanoM ke ubhAra se usake yauvana ke Agamana kI sUcanA mila jAtI hai / parAkrama kI pracaNDatA ke samakSa 'stanotthAna' bhale hI komala pratIta ho kintu vyaMjaka ke rUpa meM yaha bahuta bhAvapUrNa hai| raNabhUmi se kucha sainika aise bhAMga gae jaise kaMculI se sAMpa nikala bhAgatA hai / kucha ne vIratA ko usI taraha chor3a diyA jaise kaMjUsa udAratA ko chor3a detA hai / 55 mUrta tathA amUrta upamAnoM ke eka sAtha prayoga se varNya viSaya camatkRta ho uThA hai ! - 'amUrta upamAnoM para AdhArita puNyakuzala kI upamAeM bahuta anUThI haiM / bha0 bo0 mahAkAvya meM inakA prAcurya hai / bharata kA cakra AyudhazAlA meM isa prakAra praviSTa nahIM huA jaise sAMpa ke hRdaya meM RjutA / " prasthAna karatI huI senA se sAketa ke rAjaprAsAda kA zikhara aise adRzya hotA gayA jaise kAmAta vyakti se atizuddha caitanya / rathoM, hAthiyoM tathA ghor3oM se khacAkhaca bhare hue takSazilA ke puradvAra meM dUta ko bar3I kaThinAI se praveza milA jaise yogI ke hRdaya meM sahasA Aveza ko sthAna nahIM miltaa| amUrta upamAnoM ke prati kavi kI kucha aisI ruci haiM ki usane apanI mAlopamAoM kA AdhAra bhI inhIM ko banAyA hai / ekAdhika aprastutoM se upamita hone ke kAraNa varNya prasaMga avilamba vyakta ho jAtA hai / yoddhA ne vipakSI kI pratyaMcA ko 53. bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya, 4.58 54. vahI, 11.54 55. vahI, 15.86 56. vahI, 16.28 57. vahI, 6.35 58. vahI, 1.54 . ..

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bharatavAhubalimahAkAvya : puNyakuzala aise tor3a diyA jaise krodhI saujanya ko tathA puNyavAn pApa ko naSTa kara detA hai| atUtruTad guNaM kshciccaapdossnnovirodhinH| manyumAniva saujanyamajanyamiva puNyavAn // 15.335 bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya meM upamA ke pazcAt arthAntaranyAsa kA vyApaka prayoga huA hai / arthAntaranyAsa kavi ke cirasaMcita jJAna tathA vistRta anubhava kA pratIka hai| agraja ke dUta ke Agamana se bAhubali kI vizeSa ukti kI puSTi, prastuta padya meM, uttarArdha ke sAmAnya kathana se kI gaI hai| nitAntatRSNAturamasmadIyaM bandhupravRttyA sukhayAdya cittam / dUre'stu vAridharavAridhArA sAraMgamAnandati gajireva // 2.4 bAhubali kI vIratA kI abhivyakti, nimnokta padya meM, aprastutaprazaMsA ke dvArA kI gaI hai| yahAM aprastuta rAhu tathA sUrya se kramazaH bharata aura bAhubali vyaMgya siMhikAsutamevaikaM stumastaM karavajitam / grahANAmIzvaraM yo'tra sahasrakaramatti hi // 3.12. uparyukta alaMkAroM ke atirikta bha0 bhA0 mahAkAvya meM utprekSA, svabhAvokti, samAsokti, dRSTAnta, virodhAbhAsa, rUpaka, utprekSA, vyatireka, kAyaliMga, sahokti, yathAsaMkhya, samuccaya, prativastUpamA, asaMgati tathA vizeSokti bhI abhivyakti ke mAdhyama bane haiN| upamA kavi kA khAsa alaMkAra hai| chandayojanA bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya kA kavi vividha chandoM ke prayoga meM siddhahasta hai / kAvya meM chandoM kI yojanA zAstra ke anukUla hai / sampUrNa kAvya ke nibandhana meM unnIsa chandoM kA Azraya liyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra haiM- vaMzastha, upajAti, anuSTupa, viyoginI, drutavilambita, svAgatA, rathoddhatA, troTaka, vasantatilakA, mAlinI, zikhariNI, zArdUlavikrIDita, hariNI, puSpitAgrA, sragdharA, mandAkrAntA, praharSiNI, zAlinI tathA pRthvI / upajAti kavi kA priya chanda hai / tatpazcAt kramazaH anuSTup aura vaMzastha kA sthAna hai| bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya meM eka sAtha kAlidAsa aura mAgha kI paramparAoM kA nirvAha huA hai / kathAnaka kI parikalpanA, ghaTanAoM ke saMyojana tathA rUr3hiyoM ke pAlana meM puNyakuzala ne mAghakAvya kA anusaraNa kiyA hai / mAghakAvya ke samAna isameM itivRtti-nirvAhakatA nAma mAtra kI hai / bhAvapakSa ke nirmANa meM kavi kA preraNA-srota katipaya anya mAlopamAoM ke lie dekhie-6.73, 11.60, 15.32, 43, 116, 17.33, 18.26

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184 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya kAlidAsa hai| isakA sukhada phala yaha huA hai ki bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya meM alaMkRti tathA sahajatA kA manorama samanvaya hai / mAgha ko Adarza mAnate hue bhI puNyakuzala ne apanI kokilA kI taraha paMcama svara meM gAna nahIM kiyA hai|59 samUcA kAvya kavitva kI AbhA se taralita hai| bhASA kI prAMjalatA tathA kavitva kI kamanIyatA kI dRSTi se bha0 bA0 mahAkAvya kA saMskRta ke uttama kAvyoM meM nizcita sthAna hai| 56. svaraM nyagAdIviti pNcmoktyaa| vahI, 18.24

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sthUlabhadraguNamAlAcaritra : sUracandra sUracandra kA sthUlabhadraguNamAlAcaritra saMskRta-mahAkAvya ke antima yuga kI pratinidhi racanA hai / isameM varNanoM kI AdhArabhitti para kAvya kI aTTAlikA kA 'nirmANa karane kA bhagIratha parizrama kiyA gayA hai| sthUlabhadraguNamAlA ke sataraha soM (adhikAroM) meM nandarAja ke mahAmantrI zakaTAla ke putra sthUlabhadra tathA pATali"putra kI mohinI vezyA kozyA ke ananya praNaya kI komala pRSThabhUmi meM mantriputra kI pravrajyA tathA kozyA ke pratibodha kA savistAra nirUpaNa karanA kavi kA abhISTa hai / 'parantu jisa prakAra kathAnaka ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai, usameM vaha antahIna varNanoM kI paratoM meM daba kara adRzya ho gayA hai| sthUlabhadraguNamAlA kI eka hastaprati (saMkhyA 27) kesariyAnAtha jI kA mandira, jodhapura meM sthita jJAnabhaNDAra meM vidyamAna hai| durbhAgyavaza yaha prati adhUrI hai| isameM na kevala prathama do patra aprApta haiM, antima se pUrvavartI tIna patra bhI naSTa ho cuke haiN| lipikAra ne patrasaMsthA dene meM pramAda kiyA hai| chaThe ke pazcAdvartI patra kI saMkhyA ATha dI mamI hai, bapi pacoM ke anukrama meM koI viccheda nahIM hai / prastuta prati meM 10"xg"nAkAra ke sattAIsa pAtra haiN| pratyeka patra para bAIsa paMktiyAM aura pratyeka paMkti meM lagabhaga 55 akSara haiN| prati kA Arambha sattAIsaveM paca se hotA hai| 'patra ke AkAra ko dekhate hue yaha anumAna sahaja kiyA jA sakatA hai ki anupalabdha do patroM meM 126 paca the| yaha hastaprati tathA isakI phoTo prati hameM kramaza mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara tathA zrIyuta amaracanda nAhaTA ke saujanya se prApta huI thii| sthUlabhadraguNamAlA kI pUrNa prati dhAmerAva bhaNDAra meM upalabdha haiM / isa prati kA mahattva isakI pUrNatA meM nihita hai anyathA yaha, jaisA isakI pratilipi se pratIta hotA hai, azuddhiyoM se bharapUra hai aura isakA pATha bahudhA prAmaka hai| isakI tulanA meM, jodhapura kI prati adhika prAmANika hai, hAlAMki vaha bhI truTiyoM se pUrNataH mukta nahIM hai / ghANerAva bhaNDAra kI prati hameM prApta nahIM ho skii| zrI agarabanda nAhaTA ne isakI pratilipi kaI varSoM ke athaka parizrama se prApta kI hai| prastuta vivecana inhIM pratiyoM/pratilipiyoM para AdhArita hai| sthUlabhadraguNamAlA kA mahAkAvyatva sthUlabhadguNamAlA kA lakSya viSaya-bhoga meM magna sthUlabhadra tathA usakI

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186 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya ma praNayinI ke saccAritrya aMgIkAra karane ke varNana ke dvArA prakArAntara se, jaina dharma kI mahimA kI pratiSThA karanA hai / para isameM mahAkAvya ke svarUpavidhAyaka Antarika tattvoM kA bhI anuvartana kiyA gayA hai / prastuta kAvya kAma kI tulanA meM dharma kI zAzvata mahattA kI svIkRti hai / isakI kathAvastu ke srota jaina Agama tathA anya upajIvya prabandha haiM / yaha pUrvavartI kaviyoM ke phuTakara gItoM, chandoM kA viSaya bana cukI thI' / ataH kAvya kA kathAnaka nissaMkoca 'prakhyota' mAnA jA sakatA hai| sthUlabhadraguNamAlA kA aMgIrasa zrRMgAra hai| zrRMgAra meM bhI vipralambha kI pradhAnatA hai / zRMgAra kA paryavasAna zAntarasa meM huA hai| sthUlabhadra dhIrodAtta koTi kA nAyaka hai kintu pitRvadha ke pazcAt usakI saMvegotpati tathA pravrajyA usakI dhIraprazAntatA ko rekhAMkita karatI haiM / zithilatA tathA cyutasaMskRti ke kAraNa sthUlabhadraguNamAlA kI bhASA' ko udAtta athavA praur3ha nahIM kahA jA sakatA kintu vaha prAMjalatA se zUnya nahIM hai / kAvya tathA sargo kA nAmakaraNa, vastuvyApAravarNana, maMgalAcaraNa Adi bhI zAstra ke anukUla haiM / chandoM ke prayoga meM sUracandra ne pUrNa svatantratA se kAma liyA hai / isameM, Adi se anta taka kevala anuSTup kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / sthUlabhadraguNamAlA kA svarUpa sthUlabhadraguNamAlA ke kathAnaka kI pariNati sAntarasa meM huI hai jisake phalasvarUpa patitA vezyA bhI zrAvikA kA saMyamapUrNa jIvana svIkAra karatI hai| sthUlabhadra ke. saMvega tathA tajjanya guNAvalI kA to kAvya meM vistRta nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| ye paurA-Nika kAvya kI vizeSatAeM haiM parantu kAvya meM inakA sthAna adhika mahattvapUrNa nahIM haiM 1 sthUlabhadraguNamAlA kA vAtAvaraNa tathA prakRti paurANika racanA ke anukUla nahIM hai / isameM prAsaMgika, adhikatara aprAsaMgika, varNanoM kA aisA jAla bichA hai ki kathA kA tantu yadA-kadA hI dikhAI detA hai| jisa prakAra kathAvastu ko nirUpita kiyA gayA hai usase spaSTa hai ki sthUlabhadraguNamAlA meM varNya viSaya kI apekSA varNana-prakAra adhika mahattvazAlI hai / yaha zAstrIya kAvya kI prabala pravRtti hai / aprastutoM kA ajasra vidhAna, manorAgoM kA sarasa citraNa, caritragata navInatA, prakRticitraNa kA kauzala - ye kucha aisI vizeSatAeM haiM jo zAstrIya zailI ke mahAkavyoM meM hI dRSTigata hotI haiM / kaviparicaya tathA racanAkAla sthUlabhadraguNamAlA kI ghANerAva - prati ke antima sarga tathA vibhinna sargoM kI puSpikA meM sUracandra kA paryApta paricaya upalabdha hai / jaina tattvasAra meM sUracandra ne 1. varNazcAgame baddhaH prabandhe ca mahAtmanAm / itrarfararat kriyamANastu dRzyate // sthUlabhadraguNamAlA, 17.181

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sthUlabhadraguNamAlAcaritra : sUracandra 187 apanA zAkhArUpa sambandha yadyapi jinabhadrasUri se sthApita kiyA hai, kintu anya sAdhanoM se jJAta hotA hai ki ve jinadattasUri kI paramparA meM the| kAvya meM bRhat kharataragaccha ke AcAryoM kA vivaraNa bhI jinadattasUri se Arambha hotA hai (17.218) / ina gauravazAlI AcAryoM kI paramparA meM, jinameM kucha ne anupama saMyamazIla vyaktitva ke kAraNa mugala samrATa akabara tathA jahAMgIra se 'yugapradhAna' Adi mahanIya upAdhiyAM prApta kI thIM tathA kucha anyoM ne dhArmika tathA sAhityika kAryakalApa se zAsana tathA sAhitya ke unnayana meM zlAghya yoga diyA thA, vAcakaM cAritrodaya upadezanipuNa vAgmI the / sUracandra inhIM cAritrodaya ke caraNa-kamaloM ke bhuMga-the jisakA sIdhA artha yaha hai ki cAritrodaya sUracandra ke vidyAguru the| pAlama kI bhAMti sUracandra ne dIkSA vAcaka vIrakalaza se grahaNa kI thii| unheM saMgha meM pratiSThita karane kA zreya bhI vIrakalaza ko hai| ... sUracandra vizruta vidvAn tathA pratibhAsampanna kavi the| paMcatIrthastava unakI vidvatApUrNa praur3ha racanA hai, jisameM unhoMne apane citrakAvyakauzala- kA paricaya diyA. hai| saMskRta ke atirikta rAjasthAnI meM bhI unakI kaI kRtiyAM upalabdha haiN| unakI rAjasthAnI racanA zrRMgArarAsamAlA samvat.1656 (san 1602) meM likhI gayI thii| yaha sUracandra kI prathama mahattvapUrNa kRti pratIta hotI hai.| yadi yaha.anumAna satya hai. to unake janma tathA dIkSA kA samaya solahavIM zatAbdI IsvI kA antima caraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| jaina tattvasAra kA racanAkAla samvat 1676 (san 1622) sunizcita hai / sthUlabhadraguNamAlA sUracandra kI sabase prasiddha kRti hai / puSpikA ke anusAra isakI racanA AcArya jinarAjasUri.ke vijayarAjya meM (san 1618-23) sampanna huI, thI / ghANerAva bhaNDAra meM sthita kAvya kI pUrvokta prati kI prazasti se jJAta hotA haiM 2. zrI agaracanda nAhaTA : mugapradhAna jinadattasUri, pR. 66.. 3. cAritrodayanAmAno vAcakAH pradidIpire / sthUlabhadraguNamAlA, 17.266 yeSAM vyaakhyollsdraagdhvnipriinnitmaansaaH| mlecchA api dayAdharma zrAddhA iva prpedire| vahIM. 17.267 . yeSAM pAdadvayAmbhoje mayA bhaMgAyitaM cirAt / vahI. 17.266 4. eSAM vidyAsusaMvignAH shriiviirklsaahvyaaH| .. vAcakA : siddhasiddhAntasaMvido guNasAgarAH // 17.270 yaddhastadIkSito'smyeSa punaH zrIpavallabhaH / dvAvapyAvAM samadhyApya yaH kRtI saMghapUjitau // 17.271 5. iti zrIbRhatkharataragacche zrIjinarAjasUrivijayirAjye zrIjinasAgarasUriyauva rAjye........zrIvIrakalazagaNiziSyasUracandraviracite zrI sthUlabhadrasya guNamAlAnAmani carite........

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188 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya ki kavi ne isakI pUrti jayapura-nareza jayasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM, samvat 1680 (san 1623), pauSa tRtIyA ko, jayapura ke nikaTavartI sAMgAnera (saMgrAmanagara) meM kI thii| pUrNASTarasacandrAbve pausstRtiiyikaadine| puNyArke'pUrvayaM prantho mayA devagurusmRteH // 17.265 saMgrAmanagare tasmin janaprAsAvasundare / kAzIvakAzate yatra gaMgeva nirmalA nadI // 17.266 rAjye zrIjayasiMhasya mAnasiMhasya santateH / mahArAjAdhirAjAkhyAzritasya sAhilAsanAt // 17.298 kathAnaka sthUlabhadraguNamAlA kI jodhapura-prati meM dUsare se pandrahaveM taka, caudaha sarga (adhikAra) avikala vidyamAna haiM tathA solahaveM sarga kA kucha bhAga upalabdha hai| 'ghANerAva bhaNDAra kI prati kAvya kA sampUrNa pATha prastuta karatI hai / prathama adhikAra phaladdhi kA pArzvanAtha, gaNadhara gautama' tathA vAgdevI kI stutirUpa maMgalAcaraNa, sajjana prazaMsA tathA sthUlabhadra ke gaurava ke varNana se Arambha hotA hai / pATaliputra ke udAra tathA parAkramI nareza nandarAja ke maMtrI zakaTAla kA jyeSTha putra yahI sthUlabhadra kAvya kA nAyaka hai / nandarAja ke parAkrama ke saMdarbha meM, isa sarga meM, pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa meM, pATaliputra tathA nandarAja ke zastrAstroM kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai, jisase kAvya kI zailI tathA varNana-paddhati kA pUrvAbhAsa milatA hai| eka dina yuvA sthUlabhadra ko rAjapATI para dekhakara pATaliputra kI rUpavatI vezyA kozyA usake anupama saundarya para mohita ho jAtI hai / kAmAvega ke ke kAraNa use pala bhara bhI kala nhiiN| usakI sakhI padhinI sthUlabhadra se, prema ke 6. namo vighnacchive'jAya zambhave paramAtmane / zrIphalavacikApAravanAthAya svAmine sate // 1.1 7. gautamaM taM nmskulo ytkiitisphuurtinrtkii| nRtyantI meravaMzAne dRzyate tridarzarapi // 1.4 8. yasyAH zAsanato hrasvo dIrghazcApi smaapnutH| guNavRddhisame sAstu zritonnatikarIha vAk // 1.6 6. zuddhiH syAt mAnasI snAtAM yadguNazreNiveNiSu / vyatyayo'pi guNAyaivaM santaste santu me sate / / 1.17 10. bhUyiSThAH sAdhavo'bhUvan vishuddhbrhmsaadhkaaH| siddhabrahmA paraM caiSAM sthUlabhadro'bhavan muniH 1.22

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sthUlabhadraguNamAlAcaritra : sUracandra 186 sAgara meM DUbI kozyA ko saMgama kI naukA se ubArane kA anurodha karatI hai| tRtIya adhikAra meM kozyA kA nakhazikha-pratyeka aMga tathA upAMga kA-savistAra varNana hai / caturtha adhikAra meM paminI se kozyA ke rUpa tathA guNoM kA punaH varNana'2 sunakara sthUlabhadra ke hRdaya meM kAma kA udreka hotA hai aura vaha usake prati abhisAra karatA hai| pAMcaveM adhikAra meM kozyA apanI kAmapUrNa ceSTAoM se mantriputra ko vazIbhUta kara letI hai / yahAM unake premamilana kA vistRta varNana huA hai| chaThe adhikAra meM navadampatI kI sambhoga-keli tathA prabhAta kA varNana hai| praNaya-samAgama ke antargata punaH kozyA ke rUpa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / sAtaveM adhikAra meM dhUrta vararuci ke SaDyaMtra ke kAraNa nandarAja kI vimukhatA ke phalasvarUpa samUce parivAra kI mRtyu avazyambhAvI jAnakara zakaTAla AtmabalidAna se parivAra kI rakSA karane kA nizcaya karatA hai| usake Adeza se zrIyaka, na cAhatA huA bhI, bharI sabhA meM, pitA (zakaTAla) kA zirazcheda kara detA hai / jisakA putra itanA svAmibhakta hai, vaha svayaM kaise rAjadrohI ho sakatA hai' isa vAstavikatA kA bhAna hone para nandarAja apane pUrvAcaraNa para pazcAtApa karatA hai| vaha zrIyaka kI rAjabhakti se prasanna hokara use mantripada para pratiSThita karane kA prastAva karatA hai parantu vaha agraja sthUlabhadra ko mantrimudrA kA vAstavika adhikArI mAnatA hai / aSTama adhikAra meM nanda sthUlabhadra ko aupacArika rUpa se mantrI pada svIkAra karane kA anurodha karatA hai / para use pitA ke vadha se itanA du:kha tathA apanI viSayAsakti ke itanI glAni hotI hai ki vaha sarvasva chor3a kara vahAM se cupacApa vihAra kara jAtA hai / agraja kI saMvegotpatti ke pazcAt zrIyaka mantritva kA dAyitva sambhAlatA hai / rAjA, vararuci ko usake durvyasanoM ke kAraNa, rAjya se bahiSkRta kara detA hai| prAyazcitta ke liye apu-pAna se usakA prANAnta ho jAtA hai / yaha vastutaH pitRvaSa kA badalA lene ke liye zrIyaka tathA kozyA kI yojanA kA pariNAma thaa| aba mArga niSkaNTaka hone se zrIyaka nItipUrvaka apane pada kA nirvAha karatA hai / naveM adhikAra meM sthUlabhadra ke pravrajita hone kA samAcAra sunakara kozyA kA premila hRdaya tar3apa uThatA hai| isa sarga meM usakI viraha vyathA kA vistRta varNana hai, jo mArmika na hotA huA bhI, usakI mAnasika vikalatA ko vyakta karane meM samartha hai| agale pAMca soM meM padminI, kozyA ke manovinoda tathA samaya-yApana ke liye chaha paramparAgata RtuoM kA varNana karatI hai| RtuoM ke bItane para bhI jaba usakA priya nahIM pAyA to kozyA nirAza hokara; 21. svasaMgamataraNyA tvaM pAramuttAraya pramoM / 2.165 12.ramAdimA guNaH pUnA peNa sarasA mshm| aparalahavatI prApya mA pratIjasva paNDita // 4.100

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya caudahaveM sarga meM, use prema-patra likhatI hai, jisameM vaha apanI mAnasika vedanA tathA zArIrika kSINatA kA mArmika nirUpaNa karatI hai| tabhI AcArya sambhUtivijaya vihAra karate hue vahAM Ate haiN| guru kI anumati se sthUlabhadra kozyA kI candrazAlA meM cAturmAsa vyatIta karane AtA hai| prANapriya ke Agamana se kozyA kA hRdaya praphullita to huA kintu use parivartita dekhakara vaha stabdha raha jAtI hai / solahaveM sarga meM sthUlabhadra use yauvana tathA sukha-bhoga kI nissAratA kA bhAna karAne ke liye vArdhakyajanya vikalatA tathA virUpatA kA varNana - karatA hai| "yauvana meM jo zarIra kamanIya tathA AkarSaka hotA hai, bur3hApe kA daitya usakA.sArA rakta pI jAtA hai|" satarahaveM sarga meM apane hRdayezvara se snehazUnya tathA vairAgyapUrNa upadeza sunakara kozyA ke Azcarya kA ora-chora nahIM rhaa| vaha nAnA ceSTAoM se muni sthUlabhadra ko manorati' ke liye nimantrita karatI hai kintu vaha acala tathA aDola rahatA hai / usakI dhIrimA tathA saccaritratA ke kAraNa kozyA ke hRdaya meM sthUlabhadra ke prati zraddhA tathA sammAna kA udaya hotA hai| 'vezyA-viSadharI ke vAgdantoM kI gaNanA karate hue bhI jo moha ke viSa se vyApta nahIM huA, vahI zIla kA mantrajJa hai|" vaha sthUlabhadra se zrAvikA kA vrata grahaNa karatI hai aura tatparatApUrvaka usakA paripAlana karatI hai| sthUlabhadra ke gurubhrAtA chadmamuni ko pathabhraSTa hone se bacAkara vaha apanI saccaritratA kA adbhuta udAharaNa prastuta karatI hai jisase use sAdhvI ke samAna mAnyatA prApta hotI hai / kharataragaccha ke AcAryoM kI paramparA ke varNana tathA prazasti se kAvya kI samApti kI gayI hai| - kathAnaka ke nAma para sthUlabhadraguNamAlA meM varNanoM kA jAla bichA huA hai / 13. sukhada saMyoga hai ki hamane jodhapura kI khaNDita prati ke AdhAra para sthUlabhadraguNa mAlA kI kathA pariNati tathA sarga saMkhyA kI jo kalpanA apane zodhaprabandha meM kI thI, usakI akSarazaH puSTi ghANerAva bhaNDAra kI prati se hotI hai| isa dRSTi se yaha aMza draSTavya hai___ antima se pUrva ke tIna patra prati meM upalabdha nahIM haiN| antima pRSTha para suhastIsUri kI padapratiSThA, zrIyaka tathA sthUlabhadra ke svargamana, kavi kI alpajJatA Adi kA ullekha hai| kyA yaha solahaveM adhikAra kA hI bhAga hai ? zAyada kAvya meM eka aura adhikAra thaa| usameM sthUlabhadra ke upadeza se kozyA ke saMyama grahaNa karane kA varNana avazya rahA hogaa| antima pRSTha ke eka pakSa kI saMkhyA, 200, kA yahI saMketa hai ki yaha soloM se bhinna kisI anya adhikAra ke antarmata thaa| isa bhAga meM jo prazasti-jaise saba haiM ve usI sA ke. avayava.rahe hoNge| para kyA isa pRSTha ke sAtha kAvya samApta ho gayA thA? yahAM puSpikA to nahIM hai,

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sthUlabhadraguNamAlAcaritra : sUracandra 161 vastutaH sthUlabhadraguNamAlA kA kathAnaka ananta varNanoM ke gorakhadhandhe meM ulajhA eka adRzya tantu haiM / saundarya-citraNa tathA RtuvarNana para kramazaH tIna tathA pAMca sarga apavyaya karanA kavi kI kathA-vimukhatA kA ugra paricAyaka hai / 'bhoga kI ati kI pariNati anivAryataH usake tyAga meM hotI hai', apane isa sandeza ko kavi ne sarasa kAvya ke paridhAna meM prastuta kiyA hai, kintu use adhika AkarSaka banAne ke Aveza meM vaha kAvya meM santulana nahIM rakha sakA / Rtu-varNana vAle pAMca sargoM kA yatkicit kathAnaka se koI vizeSa sambandha hai, yaha kahanA bhI sambhava nahIM hai / unheM, binA kaThinAI ke, AvazyakatAnusAra kisI bhI kAvya meM khapAyA jA sakatA hai / uparyukta donoM varNanoM tathA nandarAja kI rAjadhAnI pATaliputra aura usake parAkrama kI rAI-rattI ke varNana se kAvya meM vastu-varNana ke anupAta evaM mahattva ke prati kavi ke dRSTikoNa kA paryApta AbhAsa milatA hai| kAvya meM varNita sabhI upakaraNoM sahita, ise chaha-sAta sargoM meM saphalatApUrvaka samApta kiyA jA sakatA thaa| kintu sUracandra kI santulanahInatA tathA varNanAtmaka abhiruci ne ise sataraha sargo kA bRhad AkAra de diyA hai / jaba taka vaha kisI viSaya ke sUkSmatama tattva se sambandhita apanI kalpanA kA koza rItA nahIM kara detA, vaha Age bar3hane kA nAma nahIM letA / yaha saca hai ki ina varNanoM meM kavi-pratibhA kA bhavya unmeSa huA hai, kintu unake atizaya vistAra ne prabandhatva ko naSTa kara diyA hai / sUracandra kramAgata kAvyadhArA ke pAza se nahIM baca ske| rasavidhAna sUracandra sAhityazAstriyoM ke usa varga ke anuyAyI haiM, jinhoMne rasoM kI saMkhyA nau mAnI hai| sarasvatI-stuti tathA anyatra nau rasoM ke saMketa ke atirikta kozyA kI prakRti ke svarUpa ke nirUpaNa meM unhoMne zRMgAra Adi nau rasoM kA spaSTa nAmollekha kiyA hai / sthUlabhadraguNamAlA meM rasarAja zRMgAra kI pradhAnatA hai, bhale hI usakI pariNati zAntarasa meM huI ho / zrRMgAra ko prastuta kAvya kA aMgI rasa mAnane meM hicaka nahIM ho sktii| zRMgAra meM bhI saMyoga kI apekSA viyoga kA citraNa adhika huA hai| kozyA kI niyati kucha aisI hai ki use milana ke sukha kI apekSA viraha kI vyathA adhika jhelanI par3atI hai| sthUlabhadraguNamAlA meM vipralambha kI kaI prasaMgoM meM samartha abhivyakti huI hai / sthUlabhadra ke pravrajyA grahaNa karane para kozyA ke viraha-varNana meM kintu kAvya kA svAbhAvika anta yahIM pratIta hotA hai / sambhavataH, sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa lipikAra ne puSpikA ko chor3a diyA hai ! ...................... -jaina saMskRta-mahAkAvya (TaMkita prati), pR0 324 14. datte navarasAn pUrNAna sAdhitA kiM. na yacchati / sthUlabhadraguNamAlA, 18.... .:., vahI, 4. 37-38. ...

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya usakI tIvratama vyaMjanA sthUlabhadra ko dekhakara kozyA padminI dvArA varNita usakI 162 tathA usake premapatra meM vipralambha kI tIkhI TIsa hai / parantu kozyA ke pUrvarAga ke varNana meM hai| rAjapATI meM yuvA kAma-vihvala ho uThatI hai / mantriputra ke samakSa dAsI vikalatA hRdaya kI gaharAI ko chUne meM samartha hai / takasaMgamicchantI dInA honAparakriyA / kozyA me svAminI svAmin vartate vyAkulAbalA / / 2.156 vellamAnAsti vallIva tarasaMgamavajatA / kSINaprANA gatatrANA nirambusaMvarIva vA / / 2.157 svAmin sA yadi sadhrIcIM kathaMcid vIkSate kSaNam / tadApyardhanimIlAkSI tvadanyekSaNazaMkayA / / 2.160 sakhyA api vacaH zrutvA sA zRNoti na sAdarA / evaM jAnAti mAM mAnyastvadrUpo bhramayejjanaH / / 2.161 revanta tulya sthUlabhadra kI kSaNika jhalaka ne usa rUpagarvitA ko aise jhakajhorA hai ki prANapriya ke binA vaha vRkSa ke Azraya se vaMcita vallarI ke samAna nirAzrita tathA jalahIna mIna kI bhAMti maraNAsanna hai / priya ke dhyAna meM lIna vaha sakhI ko adhakhulI AMkha se hI dekhatI hai / use bhaya hai, pUrI AMkha se dekhane se usakI dRSTi kisI anya puruSa para na par3a jaae| vaha sakhiyoM se bAta bhI bahuta kama karatI hai, kahIM priya kA rUpa dhAraNa karake koI chadmI use bhrAnta na kara de / viraha-varNana meM to vipralambha apanI mArmikatA ke kAraNa karuNarasa kI sImA taka pahuMca gayA hai| pakSa, mAsa, varSa Ate haiM aura cale jAte haiM kintu kozyA kA priya Ane kA nAma nahIM letA / hRdaya meM uThatI hUkoM ne use jarjara banA diyA hai / citrazAlA vizAleyaM candrazAlA ca zAlinI / pratizAlA marAlAzca zalyAyante'dya tvadvinA / / 6. 131 pakSamAsartuvarSANi muhurAyAnti tAnyapi / punareko na me nAvo halA eti yataH sukham / / 6.135 kiM karomi k yAmi kasyAce pUtkaromyahaM / vadAmi kasya duHkhAni viyuktA preyasA saha / 9.136 samAgama ke atirikta kavi ne sambhoga ke antargata kozyA tathA sthUlabhadra ke nAyikA ke katipaya bhAvoM tathA anubhAvoM kA bhI rocaka citraNa kiyA hai / cira vikalatI ke pazcAt sthUlabhadra ko sahasA apane sammukha dekhakara kozyA ke ullAsa kA ora-chora nahIM rahatA / usameM sAttvika bhAvoM kA udaya hotA hai| uddIpana vibhAvoM ke

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sthUlabhadraguNamAlAcaritra : sUracandra 193 dvArA vaha priya ke kAmabhAva ko uttejita karake anubhAvoM ke mAdhyama se apanI praNayalAlasA kI abhivyakti karatI hai / bhAvoM athavA vibhAvoM kA yaha pRthak nirUpaNa zRMgAra kI niSpatti kA paryAya nahIM hai| kintu ye bhAva-vibhAva (2.22---42) kozyA kI kAmAturatA ko vyakta karane meM samartha haiM / cakaMpe kAminIkAyaH kAmAvezAcca kiMcana / manye mantrisutaM bhettuM kuntaM tolayate smaraH // 5.26 kozyAviSkurvatI nAbhi prati priyamanaMgataH / manye madyasya caSakamivonmAdakamAdarAt // 5.26 kozyAzlathat nIvIM svAM snehAntaHpUraNAdiva / bharturmadhyamRgendraM sA cchoTayatIva kelaye // 5.30 darza darza priyaM premNA kozyA romAMcitAbhavat / kekI kalApavAnambhovAhamiva pramodataH // 5.33 ye kAmaceSTAeM una do madira hRdayoM ke milana kI bhUmikA nirmita karatI haiM / sthUlabhadra kozyA ko goda meM bhara kara Ananda ke sAgara meM DUba jAtA hai| ekAntasthAnamAlokya pANi prasArya ghIsakhaH / kozyAmutsaMgamAnIyAsthApayat prempuuritH|| 5.45.. . airAvata ivaamrtyltaamaatmiiykelye| marAla iva nAlIkamRNAlImamalAM zriye // 4.46 sampannaM yattayoyUnossukhaM sAMsArikaM mithaH / vAgniryAti tadvaktuM tasmAnmuSTimahIyasI // 5.53 parantu sthUlabhadraguNamAlA meM zrRMgAra ke ubhaya pakSoM kA yaha vistRta citraNa, vairAgyazIla kavi kI vRtti kA dyotaka nahIM hai / jaina kAvyoM kI yaha virodhAbhAsAtmaka sthiti hai ki unameM sAhityazAstra ke vidhAna tathA kathAvastu kI prakRti ke anurUpa zRMgAra kA tallInatA se nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai kintu bAda meM jI bhara kara; nArI kI nindA kI jAtI hai / zRMgAra kI vibhinna sthitiyoM ke kuzala citere sUracandra kI vairAgyamayI bhASA meM bhI nArI 'durgandhikRmisaMkula' tathA 'niSThIvanazarAva', (thUkadAna) hai / puruSa ke jIvana kI sArthakatA isa bhujaMgI se bacane meM hai / 5 zRMgAra, tathA usakI AlambanabhUta nArI ke prati sUracandra ke dRSTikoNa ko samajhane ke lie.. uparyukta bhAvoM ko yAda rakhanA Avazyaka hai| sthUlabhadraguNamAlA meM zRMgAra kA paryavasAna zAntarasa meM huA hai / athAha . 15. sthUlabhadraguNamAlA, 17.146-152

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164 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya viSayabhoga meM lIna sthUlabhadra mantripada kA vaibhava ThukarAkara nirIha sAdhutva se jIvana ko saphala banAne kA saMkalpa karatA hai / patitA kozyA bhI zrAvikA ke saMyama ke dvArA sAdhvI kI bhAMti mAnyatA prApta karatI hai| kintu sAmUhika rUpa meM bhI zAntarasa, kAvya meM, zRMgAra kI tIvratA ko manda nahIM kara sakatA / apanI viSayAsakti kI pRSThabhUmi meM, pitA ke vadha kA samAcAra pAkara, sthUlabhadra kA. mana AtmaglAni se bhara jAtA hai / use sukha-sampadA, vaibhava-bhoga, vastutaH samUcA jIvana aura jagat bhaMgura evaM pravaMcanApUrNa pratIta hone lagatA hai / pravajyA meM hI vaha saccA sukha dekhatA hai / usakI yaha manobhUmi zAnta ke kalpataru ko janma detI hai| pramadAsaMpadAnandapadarAjyadharAdikam / yadyat saMdRzyate dRSTayA tatsarva bhaMguraM bhavet // 8.13 putrabhrAtRmahAmaMtrayantramantranRpAdikaM / saMsAre zaraNaM nAMgavatAmeSAM caaNginH|| 8.16 evameko'pyaneke vA na trANaM ko'pi ke prati / tato nirmamabhAna jagadetatsamASaya // 8.26 prakRti-citraNa ___ kAvya ke anupAtahIna vistRta prakRti-varNana se sUracandra ke prakRti ke prati dRSTikoNa kA yatheSTa paricaya milatA hai / sthUlabhadraguNamAlA ke prakRti-citraNa ko RtuvarNana kahanA adhika upayukta hogA kyoMki isameM RtuvarNana kA hI prAdhAnya hai / isake atirikta kAvya meM prakRti-varNana ke nAma para kevala prabhAta kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| prakRti-citraNa meM sUracandra bahudhA paramparAgata praNAlI ke anugAmI haiM / cirapratiSThita paramparA kI avahelanA karanA sambhava bhI nahIM thaa| usake prakRti-citraNa kI vizeSatA -yadi ise vizeSatA kahA jAe-yaha hai ki usane apane aprastuta-vidhAna-kauzala se RtuoM ke hara sambhava tathA kalpanIya-akalpanIya upakaraNa ke vyApaka citraNa ke atirikta unameM hone vAle poM kA bhI anivAryataH nirUpaNa kiyA hai / ye varNana kavi kI kAvya-pratibhA ke sAkSI haiM, kintu santulana athavA anupAta kA use viveka nahIM hai| anya varNya viSayoM kI bhAMti prakRti ke sUkSmatama tattva kA citraNa karane ke lie vaha anAyAsa ATha-dasa aprastuta juTA sakatA hai / vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki vaha jaba taka prakRti ke pratyeka upakaraNa se sambandhita saba kucha kahane yogya nahIM kaha detA, Age bar3hane kA nAma nahIM letaa| isaliye mAtra vistAra ke kAraNa inameM piSTapeSaNa bhI huvA hai aura pAThaka ke dhairya kI vikaTa parIkSA bhI! 224 padyoM meM pAvasa kA sAMgoprAMga varNana karane ke pazcAt kavi kA yaha kathana

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sthUlabhadraguNamAlAcaritra : sUracandra namonamasya mAsau dvau varSartureSa bhASitaH / evamasya RtoH kicitsvarUpamuparvANatam // 10.225 165 pAThaka kI sahanazIlatA para kitanA krUra vyaMgya hai ? aprastuta yojanA meM dakSatA ke kAraNa sUracandra ne bahudhA prakRti kA AlaMkArika citraNa kiyA hai| prakRti ke svAbhAvika rUpa ke prati usakA mamatva nizchala hai, kiMtu usakI kalpanAzIlatA use prakRti kA saMzliSTa aMkana karane ko vivaza karatI hai / sUracandra ke pAsa kalpanAoM kA apAra bhaNDAra hai / vaha prakRti ke sAmAnya se sAmAnya tattva ko bhI aneka aprastutoM se sajA sakatA hai / phalataH, sthUlabhadraguNamAlA meM prakRti kI sahaja- alaMkRta rUpa dikhAI detA hai / nissandeha kavi kI urvara kalpanA se usake varNana camatkRta haiM, parantu aprastutoM ke bAhulya ke kAraNa svayaM prakRti goNa-sI bana gayI hai| eka-do udAharaNa paryApta hoNge| vasanta meM khile TesU ke phUloM kI lAlimA kA kAraNa DhUMDhane ke prayatna meM sUracandra ne aprastutoM kA jo jamaghaTa lagAyA hai unameM daba kara varNanIya viSaya adRzyasA ho gayA hai / kavi kI kalpanA hai ki navoDhA vanabhUmi ne vivAha kA lAla jor3A pahana liyA hai athavA pati vasanta ke pAsa jAkara vaha lajjA se lAla ho gayI hai, athavA yaha zarat rUpI hAthI ke rakta se raMjita vana siMha kI nakharAji hai yA aTavIfret apanI aruNa maMguliyoM se yuvakoM ko Amantrita kara rahI hai / kalpanAeM sabhI rocaka haiM kiMtu antima do kucha dUrArUr3ha pratIta hotI haiM / spaSTAvI vadhUTIyaM raktAmbaradharA kimu / kiM vAsAveva surabhi pati prApyAruNAnanA // ki vA vanamRgendrasya dRzyate nakharAvalI / zItartumattamAtaMgabhinnakumbhAsujAruNA // fe vATavIpaNastrI svakIyAMgulikAbhiH / taruNAnAhvayantIva krIDituM nijakAMtike // 13.25-27 zara kA hRdayagrAhI varNana bhI kavi-kalpanA kI AbhA se dIpta hai| rocaka tathA saTIka aprastutoM ke kAraNa zaratkAla ke pratyeka upakaraNa meM sajIvatA kA samAveza ho gayA hai| pUnama kA cAMda svagaMgA meM khilA kamala pratIta hotA hai / usako kalaMka aisA lagatA hai mAnoM makaranda se pUrNa kamala para bhauMrA baiThA ho athavA rohaNI se ramaNa karate samaya lagI huI, usakI kAjala kI biMdiyA hoN| nIla gagana meM tAre aise camaka rahe haiM jaise indranIla maNiyoM ke thAla meM rakhe hue motI hoM athavA kAlI dharatI para gire saNDala hoM yA rajanIlatA kI kusumAvalI ho / yadvA viyannadImadhye puNDarIkaM calAcalaM / saMdRzyate madhubhUtaM bhagasaMgamaraMgitam // 11.27

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166 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya rohiNyA ramamANasya kiM vA kajjalamalagat / kiM vA zarIrakAyeNa kiMcicchAyApatattanau // 11.36 tamAlatAlabhe vyomni zubhrAstArA didiipire| muktA iva haridratnasthAle kAlakelaye // 11.66 kRSNabhUmerathavA deze taNDulAH patitA iva / kiM vA vibhAvarIvallyA dRzyate kusumAvalI // 11.70 prakRti kI vividha avasthAoM tathA mudrAoM se sUracandra kI gambhIra pariciti hai| usakI dRSTi meM prakRti bhAvazUnya athavA mAnava jIvana se nirapekSa nahIM hai / usameM mAnava-hRdaya kI praticchAyA dRSTigocara hotI hai / phalataH vaha mAnavIya bhAvanAoM se ota-prota tathA usake samAna nAnA ceSTAoM meM rata hai| mAnava-mana ke sahaja jJAna tathA prakRti ke sUkSma paryavekSaNa ke kAraNa sUracandra prakRti tathA mAnava meM rocaka tAdAtmya sthApita karane meM saphala hue haiN| unakI zarat kAza kI rezamI sAr3I tathA haMsoM ke nUpura pahana kara navavadhU ke samAna prakRti ke AMgana meM AtI hai| kamala usakA sundara mukhar3A hai, cakave payodhara tathA zAli charaharA zarIra / pAvasavarNana meM pRthvI ko puna: nArI ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / cira viyoga ke bAda pati ke ghara Ane para jaise patnI zRMgAra karake samAgama ke lie adhIra ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra bhUminAyikA bhI sajadhaja kara, pUre eka varSa ke pazcAt pravAsa se lauTe pAvasa ke sAtha ramaNa karane ko lAlAyita ho gayI hai (10-72-74,-78) / taba vaha 'vasudhAvadhU' kI cirasaMcita sAdhe pUrI kara detA hai aura aMkuroM ke rUpa meM usake garbha ke lakSaNa dikhAI dene lagate haiN| tadA punaH punarmegho varSaNarvasudhAvadham atoSayattadeSApi prAptagarbhAkurairabhUt // 10.81 prabhAtavarNana ke prasaMga meM sUrya tathA pUrvadizA para kramazaH zaThanAyaka aura khaNDitA nAyikA kA Aropa karake sUracandra ne prakRti ke mAnavIkaraNa ke prati apanI abhiruci kA aura paricaya diyA hai / zaTha sUrya parAMganA ke sAtha ratikeli ke pazcAt rAtri kI samApti para, jaba ghara lauTatA hai to pUrva dizA pIle vastra se muMha Dhaka kara. apanA krodha vyakta karatI hai| parayA bhAskaraM ratvA prekSya pUrveya'yAgatam / svayaM pItAmbaraM mUni prAvRtyAsthAtparAGmukhI // 6.77 , anya samavartI kAvyoM kI taraha sthUlabhadraguNamAlA meM prakRti ke uddIpana pakSa ko adhika pallavita nahIM kiyA gayA hai / katipaya sthAnoM para hI prakRti ko mAnava 16. vahI, 11.13-14

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sthUlabhadraguNamAlAcaritra : sUracandra 197 hRdaya ko uttejita karate citrita kiyA gayA hai| isameM koI navInatA bhI nahIM hai / varSAkAla meM yadi bAdala kI mandra-madhura garjanA tathA bijalI kI damaka kAminiyoM nAyakoM kI manuhAra karane ko vivaza karatI hai (10.102), to vasanta ke manamohaka vAtAvaraNa meM kokila - mithuna kI kAmakeli dekhakara unakA dhairya chUTa jAtA hai aura ve svayaM hI nIvI zithila karatI huIM rati ke lie taiyAra ho jAtI haiM / pArzva stharamaNe'pyatra rAmA ramaNarAgiNI / bhavennIvIM zlathayantI kAmAkulakAyikA // 13-14 mAkaMda maMjarImUle pikena premataH pikIM / resent vIkSya vaNinyo bhavanti ramaNotsukAH / / 13-20 saundaryacitraNa parimANa kI dRSTi se sthUlabhadraguNamAlA meM prakRtivarNana ke pazcAt saundaryacitraNa kA sthAna hai / ina do varNanoM ne milakara kAvya kA bahuta bar3A bhAga har3apa liyA hai / dvitIya sarga meM sthUlabhadra kA saundarya-citraNa paramparAgata puruSa - saundarya kA pratinidhi hai| pUre tRtIya sarga tathA anya sargoM ke kucha aMzoM meM kozyA ke nakhazikhavarNana ke vyAja se nArI saundarya kA savistAra varNana kiyA gayA hai / anya varNanoM ke samAna saundarya-citraNa meM bhI sUracandra ne apane aprastutoM ke bhaNDAra kA udAratApUrvaka prayoga kiyA hai / pAtroM ke kAyika varNana kI usakI apanI viziSTa zailI hai jisameM vistAra kI pradhAnatA hai / pratyeka aMga tathA upAMga kA usane jama kara nizcintatA se varNana kiyA hai| eka-eka aMga ke liye vaha bahuta saralatA tathA sahajatA se kaI-kaI upamAna juTA sakatA hai / kozyA ke stanoM kA varNana to usane sattAIsa aprastutoM ke ke dvArA kiyA hai / isa anAvazyaka vistAra meM sabhI kalpanAeM upayukta nahIM ho sakatIM / kAza ! sUracandra yaha smaraNa rakhate ki avAMchanIya vistAra kavitva kA hitaiSI nahIM / nArI saundarya ke citraNa ke prasaMga meM, sUracandra ne, kozyA kI veNI se lekara usake pAMvoM ke nakhoM taka ko varNana kA viSaya banAyA hai| usake zvAsa tathA vANI ke mAdhurya ko bhI kavi nahIM bhulA sakA / vistRta hote hue bhI isa varNana meM yadi rocakatA banI rahatI hai, isakA zreya kavi kI kalpanAzakti ko hai, jo eka se eka anUThe upamAna grathita karatI jAtI hai / prastuta aMza se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAegI / sImantaM parito yasyAH zasyAlIke'lakAvalI / jAne yauvanarAjasya calantI cAmarAlikA // 3.17 mukhendumaNDale kiMvA cakorayugalaM sthiram / fe vA mukhAbjabimbe'tra krIDato mRgakhaMjanau // 3.36 yasyAstu saralo bAhurmasRNo'bjamRNAlavat / kAntAkallolinIlolatkallola iva kalpate // 3.107

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168 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya kiM vA yauvanarAT bAlyavRddha bhrAtRviyogavAn / smaraNArthaM stanavyAjAjjAne tatstUpamAcarat // 3.134 ramaNyA romarAjIyaM surUpA paripezalA / manye lAvaNyavAhinyA bAlasevAlavallarI // 3.166 kiMvA lAvaNyanadyAM vA padmametatsakaNikam / astyasyA eva vAvartaH kAminAvikadustaraH // 3.182 yahAM alakAvalI, AMkhoM, bAhu, stanoM, romarAjI tathA nAbhi ke liye kramazaH yauvanarAja kI cAmara - paMkti, cakorayugala evaM mRgakhaMjana, nArI rUpI nadI kI taraMga, zaizava tathA vArdhakya ke smaraNArtha stUpa tathA sevAlavallarI aprastutoM kI yojanA kI gayI hai jisase usakA saundarya anupama bana gayA hai" / puruSa - saundarya ke pratIka sthUlabhadra ke varNana meM bhI kavi ne uparyukta vidhi apanAyI hai / santoSa yaha hai ki sthUlabhadra kA saundaryavarNana apekSAkRta adhika santulita hai, yadyapi usakA bhI ApAdamastaka samUce aMgoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai / caritracitraNa sthUlabhadraguNamAlA ke sImita kathAnaka meM kevala tIna mukhya pAtra haiM / unakA apanA viziSTa vyaktitva hai / ve 'TAIpa' nahIM haiM / caritracitraNa meM yaha sUracandra kI mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi hai / sthUlabhadra pATaliputra- nareza nanda ke mantrI zakaTAla kA putra sthUlabhadra kAvya kA nAyaka hai / vaha sAhitya tathA saMgIta kA premI hai / saMskRta tathA prAkRta bhASAoM meM kAvya-racanA karane meM vaha kuzala hai"| usakI udAratA prazaMsanIya hai; saundarya vastutaH vaha sAkSAt nalakUbara hai" / use dekhakara viSNu, zaMkara, indra, tathA kumAra kArtikeya kA bhrama hotA hai" / pATaliputra kI rUpavatI revanta tulya use prathama bAra dekha kara hI usake rUpa para rIjha jAtI hai / sthUlabhadra kA caritra pravRtti tathA nivRtti ke do virodhI choroM meM baMdhA huA hai / vaha kozyA ke prema meM DUba kara mAtA-pitA, parijana, yahAM taka ki svayaM ko bhI bhUla jAtA hai / usake liye kozyA samUce saMsAra kA paryAya bana jAtI hai / kintu jaisA 17. IdRzI nArI dRgbhyAmanyA na dRzyate / 4.87 18. kadAcinnavyakAvyAni jAtu saMgItagItakam / karhicitprAkRtaM tadvat saMskRtaM cApyagumphayat // 2.61 16. udAraH sphArazRMgAraH pratyakSo nalakUbaraH / 4.106 20. vahI, 2.104 108 manamohaka hai / kAma, candramA gaNikA kozyA,

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sthUlabhadraguNamAlAcaritra : sUracandra 164 prAyaH hotA hai, usake atizaya bhoga kI pariNati yoga meM hotI hai| pitA ke du:khada balidAna se usake jIvana kA paTa-parivartana hotA hai| 'viSayAsakti ke kAraNa vaha pitRvadha ke SaDyantra ko bhI nahIM jAna sakA21- yaha vicAra use bAra-bAra sAlatA hai| isase vaha itanA lajjita tathA vicalita hotA hai ki mantripada Adi ke prabala pralobhanoM ko ThukarA kara vaha sAdhutva svIkAra kara letA hai aura Adarza zramaNa kA jIvana vyatIta karatA hai / samitiyoM tathA guptiyoM kA paripAlana karane se vaha dUsaroM ko bhI bhavasAgara se pAra karane meM samartha ho gayA hai / yahAM se sthUlabhadra ke jIvana kA dvitIya udAtta adhyAya Arambha hotA hai / vaha dharma meM dRr3hatA se pravRtta huA" / usakA mana zAntarasa meM rama gayA / baha zAnti tathA saMyama kI mUrti bana gayA / viSayoM ke bIca vaha meru ke samAna aDiga tathA aDola hai| usane jagadvijetA kAma ko parAjita kara diyA aura sAMsArika vAsanAoM ko jIta liyaa| isa sAdhanA ke phalasvarUpa muni sthUlabhadra vItarAgatA kI uttuMga bhAvabhUmi meM pahuMca gyaa| jisa kozyA ke sAtha usane yauvana ke alamya bhoga bhoge the, vaha usI maNikA kI candrazAlA meM anAsakta bhAva se cAturmAsa vyatIta karatA hai| vahAM vaha na kevala usake 'manorati' ke unmukta nimantraNa ko nilipta bhAva se asvIkAra karatA hai balki dhana-yauvana kI nissAratA ke preraka upadeza se apanI 'prANapriyA' ko saMyama tathA zIla kI ora unmukha karatA hai jisase use adbhuta gaurava evaM zraddhA kI prApti hotI hai / vastutaH sthUlabhadra ke samAna mahAn vItarAga sAdhu pRthvItala para durlabha hai| kozyA sthUlabhadra kI praNayinI kozyA kAvya kI nAyikA hai / vaha vezyA avazya hai, kintu vasantasenA kI bhAMti, eka vyakti para praNaya kendrita hone ke pazcAt usakA vyaktitva kundana kI bhAMti camaka uThA hai / vaha anupama sundarI hai| caturAnana 21. vahI, 7.156,160 22. vahI, 8.146-150,14.116 23. vahI, 17.34 24. manaH zAntarase nyadhAt, 17.33; AyAntaM meravaddhIraM mahAvatadhurandharam / 14.112 25. saMsAravAsanAH sarvA yojytsmrmrdnH| 17.153 tathA 17.156 26. mamAyamupakArI yogAn bhuktvA purA myaa| dharmakarmaNi mAM premNA pratibodhayate'dhunA 17.66 27. sthU labhadrasamaH sAdhuviralo durlabho bhuvi / 17.153

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200 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya brahmA bhI usake anavadya rUpa kA yathArtha varNana karane meM asamartha haiN| urvazI Adi devAMganAeM tathA gaurI, rukmiNI, sarasvatI Adi prakhyAta sundariyAM usake sammukha tuccha haiM (5.10-12) / sthUlabhadra jaise yuvaka ko premI ke rUpa meM pAkara vaha kRtArtha ho jAtI hai| priya ke Agamana mAtra se usakA aMga-aMga aise khila gayA jaise rAjA kI kRpA pAkara adhInastha adhikArI / usakI sAdhe pallavita hI huI thIM ki sahasA una para tuSArapAta huaa| sthUlabhadra pitA ke balidAna se vyathita hokara pravrajyA grahaNa kara letA hai / kozyA para acAnaka vajrapAta huA / parantu vaha isakA durupayoga vezyAvRtti meM nahIM krtii| vaha to sthUlabhadra ke atirikta kisI anya kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kara sakatI / sthUlabhadra se vimukha hokara kisI anya yuvaka ko phAMsane kA sujhAva vaha ghRNA-pUrvaka asvIkAra kara detI hai| hai hai kRtveti sA kozyA kaNo pidhAya cAbhyadhAt / ___ mA bhASasva bhaginyevaM mamAprItikaraM tvidam // 10.7 sthUlabhadra ke viyoga meM usakA mana aura zarIra donoM jarjara ho jAte haiN| apane ko jhuThalAne ke liye vaha use premapatra likhatI hai / bhAgya kI viDambanA, jaba usakA priya AyA bhI, to vaha saMsAra se virakta ho cukA thaa| vaha nAnA nRtyoM tathA kAma-ceSTAoM se use punaH AkarSita karane kA prayatna karatI hai aura virahatApa ke nivAraNa ke liye 'manorati' kA khulA nimantraNa detI hai, para sthUlabhadra aba pUrNatayA parivartita ho cukA thaa| kozyA ko apane isa pUrva-premI se hI bhoga kI nissAratA kA upadeza sunanA par3atA hai jisake pariNAmasvarUpa usameM saMvega kA udaya hotA hai aura vaha zrAvikA-dharma svIkAra kara jIvana kA utkarSa prApta karatI hai / sthUlabhadra ke gurubhrAtA chadmamuni ko anAcAra ke garta se ubAra kara vaha vezyA mAtA, guru tathA tattvopadezaka ke pUjya pada para AsIna hotI hai| zrIyaka ___ zrIyaka sthUlabhadra kA anuja hai / pitRvatsalatA usake vyaktitva kI mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA hai / pitRbhakti ke kAraNa use pitA kI ucita-anucita, sabhI prakAra kI, 28. caturvaktro'pi no brahmA varNayan pAramaznute / 4.1 26. AgacchantaM priyaM matvA kozyAMgAni cakAsire / 15.110 30. sAdhoH saMgatitaH kozyA vezyApi zrAvikAjani / 17.72 31. adya pazcAttvamevAsi mamopakArakAriNI mAtA tvaM tvaM guruzcApi tattvamArgapradezikA // 17.156 ahmsmaadnaacaaraanniptnnrkaantre| tvayA hitopadezena tArito vAritaH pathAt // 17.160

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sthUlabhadraguNamAlAcaritra : sUracandra AjJA sadaiva svIkArya hai / apane parivAra ko rAjakopa se bacAne tathA apanI svAmibhakti pramANita karane ke liye jaba mantrI zakaTAla use usakA (mantrI kA) prANAnta karane kA Adeza detA hai, zrIyaka usakA bhI pAlana karatA hai| ise andhazraddhA kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu yaha korI vivekahInatA hai| usa jaise nItikuzala vyakti ko cAhiye to yaha thA ki vaha SaDyantra kI jar3a hI kATa detA tathA rAjA ko vastusthiti se avagata karatA (jaisA vaha bAda meM karatA bhI hai), parantu vaha pitRhatyA ke pApa kA, anicchA se sahI, bhAjana banatA hai| zrIyaka vyavahAra-kuzala vyakti hai| nandarAja ke pitRvadha kA kAraNa pUchane para usakA yaha kathana jahAM usakI vyAvahArikatA kA sUcaka hai, vahAM isameM rAjA ke prati upAlambha bhI chipA huA hai| svAmistAtena kiM tena yo hi vo na sukhAyate / kiM hi tena suvarNena karNastruTayati yena tu // 7.113 vaha nandarAja ke mantritva kA vaidhAnika adhikArI sthalabhadra ko mAnatA hai| vaha taba taka mantrimudrA svIkAra nahIM karatA jaba taka usakA agraja use asvIkAra nahIM karatA / vaha vararuci se pitA ke vaira kA badalA letA avazya hai, kintu vaha bahuta mUlyavAn balidAna pahale de cukA hai| vararuci ke niSkAsana tathA nidhana se usakA mArga niSkaNTaka ho jAtA hai aura vaha niSThApUrvaka apane kartavya kA nirvAha karatA hai| khalA utkhAnitAH sarve sevakAH sve sukhiikRtaaH| bhANDAgArA bhRtAstena zrIyakeNa ca mantriNA // 8.184 anya pAtra ___ zakaTAla nandarAja kA mantrI hai / vaha ziSTa tathA darzanazAstra kA jJAtA hai| rAjA ke prati usakI niSThA asandigdha hai| rAjA kI hitakAmanA ke kAraNa hI vaha sahasA vararuci ko dhana dene kI saMstuti nahIM krtaa| durbhAgyavaza vaha vararuci ke SaDyaMtra tathA nandarAja kI adUradarzitA kA zikAra banatA hai| vararuci pAkhaNDI tathA dhUrta brAhmaNa hai| vaha kapaTa se rAjA kA vizvAsa prApta kara letA hai jisase vaha use yatheSTa dhana dekara puraskRta karatA hai| apane zatruoM ko dharAzAyI karane ke liye vaha sabhI upAyoM kA prayoga kara sakatA hai| zakaTAla ko usakA virodha karane kA mUlya prANoM se cukAnA par3atA hai, yadyapi kAlAntara meM, vaha bhI zrIyaka ke jAla meM phaMsa kara prANoM se hAtha dho baiThatA hai| bhASA Adi sthUlabhadraguNamAlA ke racayitA kA uddezya muni sthUlabhadra ke guNagAna se puNya

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202 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya arjita karanA tathA usake dvArA jIvana ko sArthaka banAnA hai / kavi kA vizvAsa hai ki mahApuruSoM ke guNoM kA smaraNa jagat kI vikriyAoM ko dUra karane kA amogha mantra hai / " mahAtmAoM ke mahAtmA (1.37) kI guNAvalI ke isa nirUpaNa ne sUracandra kI kAvya-racanA ko bahuta taMga ghere meM paribaddha kara diyA hai| usake kAvyazAstra meM rasa, bhAva, bhASA, zailI Adi kAvyatattvoM kI upayogitA nagaNya hai / " phalataH sthUlabhadraguNamAlA meM sUracandra kA jo rUpa vyakta huA hai vaha kavi, kathAvAcaka tathA prabandhatva se nirapekSa tukkar3a kA ajIba rUpa hai| jahAM 'punareko vizeSaH sa zrUyatAM sajjanA iha' (6.1) tathA 'idaM mahIya Azcarya zravaNIyaM nizamyatAm' (6.4) jaisI paMktiyAM lekhaka ko kathAkAra kI zreNI meM khar3A karatI haiM, vahAM kAvya meM 'upamAnAni candrasya bahUni santi yatkRtAt / pArzvanAthastavanAttAni jJeyAni viduSAM varaH' (11.30) Adi hAsyAspada padya prabandhatva se usakI ghora udAsInatA vyakta karate haiM / varNanoM ke bIca praznottara-zaMsI bhI prabandhasva kI hitaiSI nahIM (uSNAgame'dhikA nidrA sameti heturatra kaH-14.135) / isa prakAra kI vizrRMkhala varNana-paddhati zailI meM zithilatA ko janma detI hai jo prabandhakAvya kI sumaThita tathA custa zailI ke anukUla nahIM hai / sUracandra kI zailI kI pramukha vizeSatA (?) usake varNanoM kA borevAra kveikahIna vistAra hai| pratyeka viSaya kA kramabaddha savistAra varNana karanA usakI priya zailI hai| sUracandra jahAM baiThatA hai, vahIM padmAsana bAMdha kara baiTha jAtA hai aura jaba taka viSaya ke hara sambhava pakSa ke hara saMbhava'DiTela' kA mana bhara kara varNana nahIM kara letA, bhAge bar3hane kA nAma nahIM letA ! pATaliputra kA citraNa karate samaya usake durga, parakoTe, parikhA, hATa, udyAna Adi kA kramavAra varNana karanA usake lie anivArya hai / dAna dene ke lie uThe hAtha kI sAmAnya maMgimA para vaha ATha padya nyauchAvara kara sakatA hai (6.112-116) / meghAgama para sAgara kI garjanA tathA dAna dete samaya aMguliyoM ke milane kA kAraNa DhUMDhane meM bhI usane kRpaNatA nahIM kI (10.145-148, 6.122-126) / saundarya tathA prakRti ke nirbAdha varNana ne kisa prakAra kAvya kA bahulAMza har3apa liyA hai, isakA saMketa pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| isakA saMcita niSkarSa yaha hai ki sthUlabhadraguNamAlA kI zailI meM saMyama athavA saMtulana kA khedajanaka abhAva hai / phalataH vaha pravAha tathA gaThIlepana se zUnya hai| phira bhI yadi sUracandra kA kAvya nIrasatA se baca sakA hai, 32. saMsAraM saphalIkartuM guNAH kecana gumphitaaH| 17.174 guNAn guNavato gItvA karoti saphalaM januH / 17.178 33. bhAvabhedarasAn pUrNAH parIkSante priiksskaaH| mAdRzA alpadhImanto na vaktuM tAn vijAnate // 17.188

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myUlabhadraguNamAlAcaritra : sUracandra 203 isakA zreya usake aprastutoM ke akSaya koSa ko hai / _sthUlabhadraguNamAlA kI bhASA saralatA ke saundarya se bhUSita hai| bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya jaisA bhASA-sauSThava to yahAM nahIM milatA kintu isameM prAMjalatA barAbara banI rahatI hai / madhyayugIna mahAkAvyoM kI anya pravRttiyoM ko prAya: yathAvat grahaNa karake bhI sUracaMdra ne apanI bhASA ko alaMkRti tathA kliSTatA se AcchAdita nahIM kiyA hai| usakA jhukAva sarala bhASA kI ora adhika rahA hai| kAvya ko subodha banAne ke lie hI usane kAvya meM kahIM-kahIM lokabhASA kI saMskRta chAyA mAtra prastuta kara dI hai, jo saMskRta bhASA kI prakRti ke pratikUla hai kintu loka meM pracalita hone ke kAraNa sarvavidita haiM / 'rAjJo'sti yaH kopaH sa sarva uttariSyati (7.76)-rAjA kA jo krodha hai, vaha saba utara jAegA, tAtavAtI na pRSTavAn (7.160)-pitA kI bAta nahIM pUchI, avanIramaNo'smAkamUvaM koSaM kariSyati (7.168)-rAjA hamAre Upara krodha karegA, sarvametat khAdituM nAtha dhAvati (6.124)-yaha saba khAne ko daur3atA hai, ekasya pRSThe ..."kiM patitA jaDe (10.7)-eka hI ke pIche kyoM par3I hai ? Atapo nipatati (12.3)-dhUpa par3atI hai Adi isI prakAra ke prayoga haiM / chappA (3.25), phuka (3.74), mizANa-dhvaja (3.138), channaka: (3.138), kAndavika-kaMdoI (3.145), jaTittvA tAlakAni, chalasi (6.86), TiMkakUpakaH (12.80) laTTA-laTeM (10.132), koTTa, khAlA, jaMjAla,gavidhA, gulAla tathA kTakA, lapazrI, kAMjikA, roTTaka, parpaTa, pUrikA, laDDuka (12.125-126) Adi dezI zabdoM kA udAratApUrvaka prayoga bhI uparyukta bhAvanA se prerita hai| kintu zironnatAH (2.63), yadaiSAsmi sAtsyAmi tava kAmitam (2.135), munirAjJaH (15.118) niSedhantI (15.107), dharmapadaiva (16.163), Adi apANinIya prayoga kadhi ke pramAda ke sUcaka haiN| yaha sthUlabhadraguNamAlA kI bhASA kA eka pakSa hai / subodhatA ke atirikta sUracaMdra kI bhASA kI mukhya vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha sadaiva bhAvoM kI anugAminI hai| kAvya meM sthitiyoM kA vaividhya to adhika nahIM hai kiMtu usameM udAtta-gambhIra tathA bhavyAbhavya jo bhAva haiM, usakI bhASA una sabako yathocita padAvalI meM vyakta karane meM samartha hai / sthUlabhadra ko dekhakara mUchita huI kozyA kI sthiti ke varNana tathA usakI sakhiyoM kI ciMtAkula pratikriyA ke nirUpaNa meM prayukta bhASA unakI mAnasika vikalatA ko bimbita karatI hai / usake mUchita hone para ve viSAda meM DUba jAtI haiM, aura hoza meM Ate hI ve harSa se pulakita ho jAtI haiM (2.117, 116,123) / sthUlabhadra ke sAdhutva svIkAra karane se kozyA ke taruNa hRdaya kI abhilASAeM adhUrI raha jAtI haiM / usa para anabhra vajrapAta huaa| usake viraha ke citraNa meM vipralambha, apane Avega ke kAraNa, karuNarasa ve bahuta nikaTa pahuMca gayA hai| usakI

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204 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya vyathA kI vyaMjanA snigdha tathA komala padAvalI meM kI gayI hai / samAsAbhAva tathA kAtaratApUrNa bhASA usakI vikalatA ko dUnA kara dete haiM / viyoga ne usake hRdaya ko itanA tor3a diyA hai ki uThanA, baiThanA, sonA, calanA Adi anivArya kRtya bhI usake lie bhAra bana gae haiM / ina paMktiyoM meM eka-eka akSara se kozyA kI vivazatA tathA vikalatA Tapaka rahI hai / kiM karomi kva yAmi kasyAgre putkaromyahaM / vadAmi kasya duHkhAni viyuktA preyasA saha / / 6.136 sakhi tad vastu saMsAre vidyate yadi tannaya / viyuktA mAnavA yena kSaNaM rakSanti yanmanaH / 6. 137 layanaM zayanaM cApi kramaNaM ramaNaM tathA / mahyaM na rocate kiMcit sakhi svAmiviyogataH // 6.138 ina viSAdapUrNa bhAvoM ke viparIta sUracaMdra ne kozyA kI harSotphullatA kA citraNa tadanurUpa bhASA meM kiyA hai / ciraviraha ke pazcAt priya ke Agamana kA samAcAra sunakara vezyA Ananda se AplAvita ho jAtI hai / use milane ko adhIra kozyA kI tvarA tathA utsukatA kA varNana karane ke lie pravAhapUrNa padAvalI kA -prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jo apane vega mAtra se usakI adhIratA ko mUrta kara detI hai / kutra kutreti jalpantI dadhAve dhanikaM prati / kozyA premavazAsaMjJA vAtyAhateva tUlikA / / 15.106 na spRzantI bhuvaM padbhyAM niSedhantI nimeSakAn / udyAMtI dadRze kozyA sakhIbhiramarIva sA / / 15.107 priya ko AMkha bhara kara dekhane kI balavatI spRhA hai yaha jisane use devAMganA banA diyA hai| vyAkaraNa jJAna aura zAbdIkrIDA sthUlabhadraguNamAlA meM pANDitya-pradarzana ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hai / yaha kavi kA abhISTa bhI nahIM hai / kintu vicitra bAta hai ki virahavarNana jaise komala prasaMga meM usa para vyAkaraNa evaM zAbdI krIDA dvArA apanA racanA kauzala pradarzita karane kI dhuna savAra huI hai / sAmudralAvaNya aN pratyaya ke vinA samudralavaNa bana jAtA hai / kozyA ke ullAsa tathA vedanA kI vyaMjanA 'aN' pratyaya ke sadbhAva evaM abhAva ke AdhAra para kI gayI hai / priyatama ke saMyoga meM usake lie 'sAmudralAvaNya' do svataMtra pada the arthAt usakA zarIra atizaya lAvaNya se paripUrNa thA / usake viyoga meM, aN pratyaya ke binA vaha eka pada bana gayA hai| usake lie aba saba kucha ' kSArarUpa' ho gayA hai /

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sthUlabhadra guNamAlAcaritra : sUracandra sati sAmudralAvaNye abhUtAM dvabhidA tvayi / te pratyayaM vinAyAtAmekaM padya gate ca me / / 6. 114 vezyA kI vyathA kA saMketa karane ke lie kavi ne zabdoM ke sAtha khilavAr3a bhI kiyA hai| saMtoSa yaha hai ki aise padya saMkhyA meM adhika nahIM hai, " na hI unameM kliSTatA hai / prastuta padyoM meM sAta padoM ke AdivarNa kA lopa karane se hI kozyA kI virahAvasthA kA bhAna hotA hai / ibhayAnonnatakucA rAjIvapANirIzvarI / tathA zikharadazanA'mRtavAk manoramA // 6.122 sati tvayIdRzI svAminnabhavaM tu gate tvayi / saptAnAmAdivarNo'pyagamadeSAM kSaNAdapi // 6.123 205 nimnokta paMktiyoM meM kevala kyaG pratyayAnta kriyAeM prayukta kI gayI haiM / rakSA rakSAyate zIrSe veNI veNIyate zucA / tvAM vinA deva devAnme vigraho vigrahAyate / / 6.125 alaMkAravidhAna yaha kahanA atyukti na hogA ki sthUlabhadraguNamAlA kAvya kI alaMkAra - yojanA aprastuta vidhAna kI nIMva para avasthita hai| sUracaMdra ke aprastutoM kA koI ora-chora nahIM hai / usakI urvara kalpanA, kuzala bunakara kI taraha nirantara aprastutoM kA jAla bunatI jAtI hai / atyanta sAmAnya athavA mahattvahIna vastu ke lie bhI sUracandra kisa saralatA se nAnA aprastuta juTA sakatA hai, isakA saMketa pahale kiyA jA cukA hai / akele kozyA ke stanoM ke varNana meM usane sattAIsa aprastuta prayukta kie haiM / sUracandra ke adhikatara aprastuta lokavyavahAra, prakRti, paramparA, zrRMgAra Adi jIvana ke vividha pakSoM se gRhIta haiM / kucha kavi ke anubhava tathA kalpanAzakti se prasUta haiM / aprastutoM kA yaha nipuNa vidhAna kavi kalpanA ko dyotita karatA hai tathA bhAvAbhivyakti ko saghana banAtA hai / sUracandra ke aprastuta upamA, atizayokti, rUpaka, aprastutaprazaMsA Adi ke rUpa meM prakaTa hue haiM, kintu unhoMne adhikatara utprekSA kA paridhAna dhAraNa kiyA hai / uparyukta vividha prasaMgoM meM sUracaMdra kI utprekSAoM ke saundarya kA yatheSTa paricaya milA hai| yahAM kucha anya anUThe udAharaNa die jAte haiM / kazyA ke saundarya tathA sAttvika bhAvoM ke varNana meM kavi ne apanI kalpanA kA koza luTA diyA hai / priyamilana se utpanna AnandAzru usakI AMkhoM meM aise laga rahe the mAnoM kamalinI para osa kI bUMdeM hoM (5.24) / kAmAveza se usakA charaharA zarIra kAMpa uThA, mAno kAma mantriputra ko bIMdhane ke lie bhAle kA saMdhAna kara rahA 33. isa koTi ke anya padya - 6.115-120, 123

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- 206 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya ho ( 5.26) / yuvaka sthalabhadra ko vazIbhUta karane ke lie kozyA ne apanI nAbhi 'dikhAI, mAno use zarAba kA pyAlA bheMTa kara diyA ho / ( 5.29 ) sthUlabhadraguNamAlA meM utprekSA ke bAda upamA sabase adhika prayukta tathA mahatvapUrNa alaMkAra hai / kAvya meM aneka mArmika upamAeM bharI par3I haiM / gaNadhara gautama ke anugamana se tuccha vyakti aise mahAn bana jAtA hai jaise saMyukta akSara kA pazcAdvartI laghu varNa bhI guru bana jAtA hai (1.6) / nIla paridhAna ke bIca kozyA ke dAntoM kI kAnti meghamAlA meM vidyudrekhA ke samAna camaka rahI thI ( 5.27 ) ! ratikeli kI thakAna se utpanna svedakaNoM se vyApta kozyA aise lagatI thIM jaise asamaya meM khile - phUloM se AcchAdita jAtI-latA / ratikelIzramo bhUtasvedabindumatI satI ! akAle puSpitA jAtIvAbhAd bhramarabhogadA // 13.12 inake atirikta vibhAvanA, zleSa, yamaka, sandeha, dRSTAnta, arthAntaranyAsa, vyatireka, kAvyaliMga, virodhAbhAsa, parisaMkhyA, sahokti Adi una alaMkAroM meM se jinheM kAvya meM bhAvAbhivyakti kA mAdhyama banAyA gayA hai / nandarAja ke ghor3oM kA varNana atizayokti ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai| unase bhIta hokara sUrya ke ghor3e AkAza meM yoM chipe ki aba bhI ve pRthvI para Ane kA sAhasa nahIM krte| yasya saptibhistaptAH sUryAzvAstatyajurbhuvam / tadAttagaMdhatAyagAvadyApIyurna ga divaH // 1.52 padminI, kozyA ke prazaMsA ke dvArA usakI ora aura candramA se yahAM kramazaH prastuta kozyA aura sthUlabhadra vyaMgya haiM / chanda pUrvarAga kA varNana karatI huI, sthUlabhadra ko aprastuta - AkRSTa karane kA prayAsa karatI hai / aprastuta padminI nirathaM pacinIjanma yathA dRSTo na candramAH / vyarthajanma tathAnjasyApyeSA kullA vyaloki no // / 4.64 1 sthUlabhadraguNamAlA Alocya yuga kA ekamAtra aisA mahAkAvya hai, jisameM, prArambha se anta taka eka, anuSTup chanda kA hI prayoga huA hai / sargAnta meM chandaparivartana kI khar3hi kA bhI isameM pAlana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| AcArya hemacandra tathA kavirAja vizvanAtha ne apane lakSaNoM meM kucha aise kAvyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jinakI 'racanA Adyanta eka hI chanda meM huI thii| sthUlabhadraguNamAlA unhIM kI paramparA meM haiM /

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sthUlabhadraguNamAlAcaritra : sUracandra 207 sthUlabhadraguNamAlA kA mahattva usake varNanoM taka sImita hai, kintu ye isake lie ghAtaka bhI bane haiM / kavi kI saMtulanahInatA ne usakI kavitvazakti kA galA ghoMTa diyA hai| sUracaMdra kI kAvyapratibhA prazaMsanIya hai paraMtu usane adhikatara usakA anAvazyaka kSaya kiyA hai /

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digvijaya mahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi devAnandamahAkAvya' meM meghavijaya ne vijayaprabhasUri ke carita para dRSTipAta to kiyA kintu isase unheM saMtoSa nahIM huA / vijayaprabha ke prati kavi kI zraddhA itanI pragAr3ha tathA ucchala hai ki unake sArasvata vandana ke liye alpakAya kAvya kA eka aMza sarvathA aparyApta thA / meghavijaya ne apanI guru-bhakti kI abhivyakti do svatantra granthoM meM kI hai / meghadUtasamasyAlekha vijayaprabha ke prati vijJapti patra hai / teraha sargoM kA prastuta digvijayamahAkAvya kavi kI vizAlatama kRti hai, jisameM vijayaprabhasUri ke carita, vizeSataH unakI AdhyAtmika upalabdhiyoM kA vistAra - pUrvaka nirUpaNa karane kA upakrama hai / udAtta carita, prabhAvaka guru ko kAvya kA viSaya banAnA asvAbhAvika nahIM hai / kheda yaha hai ki vidvAn tathA pratibhAzAlI hote hue bhI upAdhyAya meghavijaya, kAvya rUr3hiyoM kI saMkarI galI meM phaMsa kara tathA dharmotsAha ke pravAha meM baha kara apane nirdhArita lakSya se cyuta ho gaye haiM / 1274 padyoM ke isa vizAla kAvya ke parizIlana se vijayaprabhasUri ke viSaya meM hamArI jAnakArI meM vizeSa vRddhi nahIM hotI / digvijaya - kAvya kA mahAkAvyatva prastuta kAvya meM meghavijaya ne devAnanda kI svarUpagata truTiyoM kA parimArjana karane kA prakaTa prayatna kiyA hai / udAtta kathAnaka, mahaccarita tathA mahaduddezya - mahAkAvya ke ye tIna Antarika svarUpavidhAyaka tattva digvijayamahAkAvya kI mukhya vizeSatAeM haiN| dhIrodAtta guNoM se sampanna, ibhyakulaprasUta vijayaprabhasUri kI sAdhanA tathA dharmaM prabhAvanA kI adamya spRhA kAvya meM mahaccarita kI sRSTi karatI hai / unakI digvijaya meM antarnihita AdhyAtmikatA kI ucchalatA ke kAraNa kAvya kA kathAnaka udAttatA kI bhUmi para pratiSThita hai / sArvadezika dharmavijaya ke dvArA Arhata dharma kA ekacchatra rAjya sthApita karanA, kAvya racanA kA preraka uddezya hai' / meghavijaya ke 1. devAnanda mahAkAvya digvijaya mahAkAvya se pUrvavartI racanA hai| isakA vivecana Age yathAsthAna kiyA jAegA / 2. sampAdaka: ambAlAla premacanda zAha, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, graMthAMka 14, bambaI, samvat 2001 3. sArvatrikaM vijayate bharate prasiddhamekAtapatramihAhaM tadharma rAjyam / digvijaya mahAkAvya 13.7

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digvijayamahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi 206 anya kAvyoM kI bhAMti digvijaya mahAkAvya bhI rasa kI dRSTi se kaccA hai / kAvya meM jisa rasa kI, tulanAtmaka koNa se, sarvAdhika abhivyakti huI haiM, vaha zrRMgAra hai, kintu zrRMgAra rasa kAvya kI naitika prakRti tathA uddezya ke pratikUla hai| kAvya meM zrRMgAra ko yaha mahattva zAstrIya vidhAna ke kAraNa diyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| vIra, hAsya, adbhuta Adi rasa, gauNa rUpa meM kAvya kI rasAtmakatA kI sRSTi meM yoga dete haiN| mahAkAvya ke ina mUlabhUta tattvoM ke samAna sthUla lakSaNoM kA bhI digvijaya meM niSThA se pAlana kiyA gayA hai / paramparA ke anusAra isakA Arambha caubIsa padyoM ke lambe maMgalAraNa se huA hai, jinameM kramazaH caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM se kalyANa kI kAmanA kI gayI hai / kAvya kA zIrSaka, sargoM kA nAmakaraNa, chandoM kA vidhAna bhI zAstra ke anukUla hai / dvIpa, nagara, upavana, vasanta, puSpAvacaya, sUryodaya, sUryAsta, parvata Adi ke kAvyocita kalpanApUrNa tathA vistRta varNanoM se, eka ora, isa prazastiparaka kAvya meM vividhatA kA samAveza huA hai, dUsarI ora, citrakAvya tathA yamaka meM lakSita pANDitya-pradarzana kI pravRtti se milakara ye digvijayamahAkAvya kI zAstrIyatA ke paricAyaka haiM / praur3ha (kahIM-kahIM kaSTasAdhya) tathA garimApUrNa bhASA bhI kAvya kI isI zailI kI ora iMgita karatI hai| racanAkAla digvijayamahAkAvya meM isake racanAkAla kA koI saMketa nahIM hai| isameM prAntaprazasti kA bhI abhAva hai / meghavijaya kI anya kRtiyoM ke sandarbha meM yaha Azcaryajanaka avazya hai, kintu isa AdhAra para, kAvya ke sampAdaka kI, jhAMti yaha kalpanA karanA ki digvijayamahAkAvya meghavijaya kI antima racanA hai tathA unake nidhana ke kAraNa isameM prAnta-prazasti kA samAveza nahIM ho sakA, yuktipUrNa nahIM hai| paTTadharoM ke anukrama kI dRSTi se digvijayamahAkAvya, jisameM vijayadevasUri ke paTTadhara vijayaprabha kA vRtta varNita hai, devAnanda ke bAda kI racanA hai| devAnandamahAkAvya kI racanA samvat 1727 kI vijayadazamI ko pUrNa huI thii| digvijayamahAkAvya meM vijayaprabhasUri ke dehAvasAna kA ullekha nahIM hai / unakA svargarohaNa samvat 1746 meM huA thA / ataH samvat 1727 tathA 1746 ke madhya, digvijayakAvya kA racanA kAla mAnanA ucita hogA / meghavijaya kI antima jJAta kRti saptasandhAnamahAkAvya hai, jisakI pUrti samvat 1760 meM huI thii| ........ . .... . . . . 4. digvijayamahAkAvya, prastAvanA, pRSTha 1 5. devAnandamahAkAvya, prazasti, 85. 6. saptasandhAnamahAkAvya, prazasti, 3

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210 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya digvijaya teraha sargoM kA mahAkAvya hai / prathama sarga meM caubIsa pacoM ke lambe maMgalAcaraNa tathA sajjana-prazaMsA evaM khalanindA Adi kAvya-rUr3hiyoM ke pazcAt nAmAnusAra jambUdvIpa kA vistRta varNana hai, jo jaina mAnyatAoM ke pariveza meM veSTita hai| sarga ke anta meM sumeru kA rocaka varNana hai| dvitIya sarga meM bhAratavarSa kI svarga se zreSThatA kA varNana tathA Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke carita-janma se nirvANaprApti taka - kA saMkSipta nirUpaNa hai| tRtIya sarga meM; kathAnAyaka ke munivaMza ke mUla-puruSa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI cAritrika digvijaya ke antargata unake janma se lekara nirvANa taka kI samUcI ghaTanAoM tathA upalabdhiyoM ko sazakta bhASA meM nibaddha kiyA gayA hai / caturtha sarga meM tapAgaccha ke pUrvavartI AcAryoM kI paramparA ke nirUpaNa ke pazcAta samAja ke naitika tathA AdhyAtmika unnayana ke liye vijayadevasari kI dhArmika digvijaya kA varNana hai| devAnandamahAkAvya meM varNita vijayadevasari ke carita kI yahAM saMkSepa meM AvRtti kI gayI hai / vijayadeva dvArA vIravijaya (vijayaprabha kA dIkSA-pUrva nAma) ko paTTalakSmI kA pANigrahaNa karAne se ahamadAbAda kA samUcA saMgha Anandita ho jAtA hai| uttara zAvijaya-varNana nAmaka paMcama sarga meM kAvyanAyaka vijayaprabhasari moha ko parAjita karane ke liye, dharmasenA ke sAtha, uttaradizA kI ora prasthAna karate haiM / vimalagiri para Adideva kI vandanA karane ke pazcAt unhoMne ahamadAbAda meM apanA AdhyAtmika zivira DAlA tathA jJAna, sadAcAra Adi ke amoSa astroM se kAma ko dhvasta kiyaa| unhoMne zaMkhezvara pArzvanAtha kI arcanA kI aura granthakartA meghavijaya ko vAcaka pada pradAna kiyaa| pArzvapratimA ke abhiSeka ke liye ve parvatIya mArga se udayapura ko prasthAna karate haiM / sUryodaya ke varNana se sarga samApta ho jAtA hai / chaThe sarga meM udayapura kA zAsaka, vijayaprabha kA rAjasI svAgata karatA hai| ve apane vihAra se mithyA matoM kA nirasana tathA jinamata kI pratiSThA karate haiN| citrakAvya tathA pAdayamaka se AcchAdita saptama sarga meM ve pazcima dizA ko vijita karane ke liye prasthAna karate hai| sAdar3I, nArAyaNapura, mAlyapura tathA saMgrAmapura hote hue unhoMne marubhUmi meM padArpaNa kiyaa| unake Agamana se marudeza bhautika ApadAoM se mukta ho gayA / AThavAM sarga zivapurI (sirohI) tathA zaMkhezvara pArzvanAtha kI pratimA ke vistRta varNana se paripUrNa hai / naveM sarga ke Arambha meM candrodaya ke 7. mudamudavahadugnaH zrAddhasaMghaH samagro . __ ravimiva divasazrIsaMyutaM kokalokaH / digvijayamahAkAvya, 4.71 8. apahRtA prabhuNA racirandavI pratihataM ca janArjanazAsanam / nayavizeSayujA bhUrAmujjvalaM bhuvi hitaM vihitaM matamAhatam // vahI, 6.53

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211 digvijayamahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi vyAja se vedAnta, kApAlika Adi nAnA matoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| pUrva dizA ko vyasanoM tathA anAcAroM se ubArane ke liye vijayaprabha usa ora prasthAna karate haiM / isa sarga meM prabhAta kA varNana, bimba vaividhya ke abhAva ke kAraNa, piSTapeSaNa banakara raha gayA hai| pUrvavartI do sargoM kI bhAMti nagaravarNana ke pazcAt isameM AgarA nagara, vahAM ke rAjaprAsAda, prAcIra, upavana, vATikA Adi kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai / gyArahaveM sarga meM vijayaprabha, AgarA se prayAga tathA pArzvanAtha kI janmabhUmi vArANasI hote hue paTanA kI ora vihAra karate haiM / isa prasaMga meM kavi ne yamunA, sUryAsta ke bAda premI yugaloM ke milana, prayAga, triveNI, vArANasI Adi ke varNanoM se apane varNana-kauzala kA paricaya diyA hai / bArahaveM sarga meM pArzvaprabhu kI stuti tathA paTanA kA varNana hai / paTanA meM cAturmAsa ke pazcAt vijayaprabha sammetatIrtha kI vandanA ke liye prasthAna karate haiM / isa prasaMga meM cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha kI stuti kI gayI hai| terahaveM sarga meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM, gaNadharoM tathA sammetagiri kA varNana hai / sammetagiri kI yAtrA ke pazcAt vijayaprabha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janmasthAna kuNDinanagara meM upavAsa tathA paTanA meM caturmAsa karate haiM / yahIM kAvya sahasA samApta ho jAtA hai| kathAnaka ke viniyoga kI dRSTi se digvijayamahAkAvya usa yuga kI pratinidhi racanA hai / isameM kathAnaka kA mahattva adhika nahIM hai / prathama cAra sargoM kA mUla kathAvRtta se kevala itanA hI cetana sambandha hai ki ve isakI bhUmikA nirmita karate haiN| mUla kathAnaka vAle bhAga meM varNanAtmaka prasaMgoM kI aura adhika bharamAra hai| jyoM-jyoM kavi kAvya ke anta kI ora bar3hatA gayA tyoM-tyoM usakI varNanAtmaka pravRtti vikaTatara hotI gyii| AThavAM sarga pArzvapratimA ke varNana para khapA diyA gayA hai| antima cAra sarga to Adyanta nagara, prAsAda, prAcIra, vATikA, nadI, sUryAsta, sUryodaya, prabhAta sammetagiri ke varNanoM tathA stotroM kI bAr3ha se AplAvita haiM / vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki apanI varNanazakti ke pradarzana ke phera meM phaMsa kara kAvyakAra apane guru kI AdhyAtmika tathA cAritrika upalabdhiyoM ke nirUpaNa ke mukhya uddezya se bhI bahaka kyA hai / paravartI saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM varNana-prakAra kI vedI para varNya viSaya kI bali dene kI jo pravRtti pAyI jAtI hai, digvijayamahAkAvya meM usakA nikRSTa rUpa dikhAI detA hai| prakRti varNana meghavijaya ne apane anya do kAvyoM kI apekSA digvijayamahAkAvya meM prAkRtika dRzyoM kA vyApaka citraNa kiyA hai, aura isa anupAta meM, use kavi ke prakRti-prema kA ghotaka mAnA jA sakatA hai / parantu paNDita kavi kI vaidagdhI ko prakRti se sahaja anurAga nahIM hai / kAvya meM prakRti kA yaha citraNa zAstrIya vidhAna ke pAlana kI vyagratA se

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212 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya prerita hai / meghavijaya kI tUlikA ne itivRtta ke vibhinna prasaMgoM meM nadI, parvata, vasanta, sUryAsta, prabhAta Adi ke kucha sundara citra aMkita kiye haiM / ye kAvya ko rocakatA bhI pradAna karate haiM kintu saba milAkara meghavijaya kA prakRticitraNa zAstrIya (ekeDemika) adhika hai| meghavijaya ke anya donoM mahAkAvyoM kI bhAMti digvijayamahAkAvya meM bhI prakRti-citraNa kA AdhAra bahudhA vakrokti hai| prakRti-citraNa kI rahI-sahI svAbhAvikatA yahAM samApta ho gayI hai| prakRti ke vibhinna dRzyoM ko rUpAyita karane meM kavi ne ukti-vaicitrya kA Azraya liyA hai, kintu usakA kalpanAkoza sImita hai| eka viSaya kA punaH punaH varNana karane se kAvya meM piSTapeSaNa bhI huA hai aura kavi ko dUra kI ur3Ana bhI bharanI par3I hai / prabhAta tathA sUryodaya ke varNanoM meM, jo kAvya meM pAMcaveM, naveM tathA bArahaveM sargoM meM, tIna sthaloM para, upalabdha haiM; prakRti-citraNa kI yaha vizeSatA mukhara hai / ina tInoM varNanoM meM, kavi ne tAroM ke asta hone ke kAraNa kI khoja meM apanI kalpanA luTAne meM hI prakRti-citraNa kI sArthakatA mAnI hai| eka viSaya kA bAra-bAra nirUpaNa karane se ina varNanoM meM navInatA kA khedajanaka abhAva hai| yahAM kavi kI adhikatara kalpanAeM dUrArUr3ha haiM, ve bhale hI kSaNika camatkAra utpanna kreN| aruNodaya se andhakAra kyoM vilIna ho jAtA hai, isa sambandha meM kavi kI yaha kalpanA apanI kliSTatA ke kAraNa ullekhanIya hai / prAtaHkAla indra kA vAhana, airAvata, udayAcala para apanA sindUra se lAla sira ragar3atA hai| usake madA gaNDasthala para baiThe bhauMre gharSaNa se bacane ke liye ur3a jAte haiN| airAvata ke utpAta ke sambhrama se Dara kara andhakAra apanI samavarNI bhramarAvalI ke sAtha hI kahIM chipa jAtA hai / harikarivaraH sindUrAktaM ziraH samagharSayat kulazikhariNi prAcye tasmAdivAruNimAzraye / . madajalalala gazreNyA samaM kvacidudhayau timiranivahaH sAvarthenodbhavadbhayasambhramAt // 5.62 tAroM ke asta hone kA kAraNa DhUMDhane ke liye meghavijaya ne aura bhI vicitra kalpanAe~ kI haiN| naveM tathA bArahaveM sarga meM dUrArUr3ha kalpanAoM kI bharamAra hai / naveM sarga meM bimbavaividhya ke abhAva ke kAraNa piSTapeSaNa bhI adhika huA hai| kavi kI kalpanA hai ki prAtaHkAla teja havA ke kAraNa AkAza kA vRkSa DagamagAne lagatA hai jisase usake tAre rUpI jIrNa patte jhar3a jAte haiM (6.60) / pati ke viyoga ke kAraNa rAtri ke samaya AkAzalakSmI ke hRdaya meM, tAroM ke rUpa meM, jo anaginata chidra dikhAI

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digvijayamahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi 213 dete haiM, sUrya unheM apanI lAlimA ke vastra se Dhaka detA hai (6.74) / athavA candramA ko lIla kara sUrya kI pracaNDa bhUkha zAnta nahIM hotI, ataH vaha rAkSasa kI taraha nakSatroM kA bhAta bhI caTa kara jAtA hai (6.76) / athavA sUrya, rAtri kI nakSatrarUpI mauktikamAlA ko, pratizodha kI bhAvanA se tor3a detA hai kyoMki rAtri ke pati (candramA) ne sUrya kI priyAoM (kamaliniyoM) kI zobhA ko naSTa kiyA thA (6.78) / bArahaveM sarga meM bhI isI prakAra kI aTapaTI kalpanAe~ kI gayI haiN| 'ratna kA mela ratna se honA cAhiye' mAno isa nyAya ko caritArtha karane ke lie dina ke ratna sUrya ne tArAmaNiyoM ko premapUrvaka apane meM sameTa liyA hai (12.65) / athavA vilAsI digyuvatiyoM ne, sUrya ko dekhakara, lajjAvaza apanI tAroM kI AMkheM banda kara lI haiM (12.68) athavA navodita sUrya ne cA~danI ke sAtha tArAoM kA nAztA kara liyA hai (12.100) / dasaveM sarga ke sUryAsta-varNana kA AdhAra bhI prauDhokti hai| saMdhyAkAlIna gaharI lAlimA tathA tatpazcAt aMdhakAra phailane ke bAre meM kavi ne nAnA kalpanAe~ kI haiM, jo rocaka hone para bhI dUrArUr3ha pratIta hotI haiN| kavi kI kalpanA hai ki varuNaloka kI svacchanda kAminiyoM ne milakara sUrya kA mukha cUma liyA hai jisase vaha unake adhararAga se lAla ho gayA hai| athavA sUrya bhagave vastra pahanakara yogI bana gayA hai aura usake kuTumbI jana, tAroM ke rUpa meM, gagana meM phaila gaye haiN| sUrya ke asta hone ke bAda andhakAra kyoM phailatA hai, isakI eka-do kalpanAe~ draSTavya haiN| sUrya rUpI airAvataM snAna karane ke liye pazcima sAgara meM ghusA thA / jala ke vega ke kAraNa bhauMre, usake gaNDasthaloM se ur3akara, andhakAra ke rUpa meM, AkAza meM phaila gaye haiM / athavA pati ke paradesa jAne para, paminiyoM ne, virahaduHkha se, jyoMhI apanI veNiyAM kholIM, unakI kAlimA sarvatra vyApta ho gayI hai (10.14-15) / / phira bhI uparyukta prAkRtika tattvoM ke nirUpaNa meM, kahIM-kahIM kavikalpanA kI kamanIya chaTA dikhAI detI hai| tAre kaise udita hote haiM aura kyoM asta hote haiM, isa sambandha meM kavi ne eka manohara kalpanA kI hai| candramA rAtabhara AkAzagaMgA meM snAna karatA hai / usake snAna ke kAraNa AkAzagaMgA se uThate jalakaNa, tAre banakara AkAza meM phaila jAte haiM / parantu prAtaHkAla jaba vaha sardI se ThiThuratA huA vAruNI (pazcima dizA-madirA) kA sevana karane lagatA hai, tAre, svayaM ko asahAya pAkara, dhIre-dhIre 6. vairiNIbhiravadAtavidhInAM svairiNIbhiriva vAruNaloke / cumbane'sya vihite'dhararAgAcchoNatAmavRNutAruNabimbam // 10.11 bhAnurastagirigarikayogAd yogavAniva kaSAyitavAsAH / dUrato nijaparigrahamaujjhan rUpyakA grahagaNAsta ime khe // 10.13

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214 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya chipa jAte haiN| gaganasariti snAnaM cakre dvijAdhipatizciraM __ bhagaNamiSataH prAdurbhUtAstadambuni budabudAH / niviDajaDimacchitya vegAd vibhejuSi vAruNI muSasi virate tasminnate krmaacchmmaayyuH|| 5.65 chaThe sarga meM vasanta kA varNana spaSTataH mAgha se prabhAvita hai, jisane SaDRtucitraNa meM, yamaka ke prayoga meM, apanA kauzala pradarzita kiyA hai| yamaka ne meghavijaya ke varNana kA sArA saundarya naSTa kara diyA hai| isameM adhikatara vasanta ke uddIpaka pakSa kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai / vasanta meM koyaloM kI hRdayabedhI kUka tathA puSpa-sampadA se abhibhUta hokara mAnavatI, mAna chor3akara, priyatama kA manuhAra karane lagI hai / virahiNAM sahakAramahIruhA kimapahRtya kulAn mukulAdibhiH / priyatamAMkajuSAM suzAM pikadhvanibhRtA nibhRtA ratirAdadhe // 6.26 taruvanAnnipatatkusumaiH samaM smarazarairiva mUtidharaiH ksstaa| savinayaM priyamanvanayat svayamanavamA navamAnavatI vadhaH // 6.28 meghavijaya ne kucha sthaloM para prakRti ko mAnavI rUpa bhI diyA hai / vasantavarNana meM sUrya ko kAmuka ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| vaha apanI prANapriyA uttaradizA ke viyoga meM kSINa ho gayA hai aura puMzcalI dakSiNA dizA ne bhI use lUTa kara ThukarA diyA hai| becArA hatAza hokara punaH pUrva nAyikA ke pAsa jA rahA hai / vasanta meM sUrya ke uttarAyaNa meM saMkramaNa kA yaha varNana mAnavIkaraNa ke phalasvarUpa sajIva tathA rocaka bana gayA hai / bahudinAnyudagambujalocanAvirahataH kRzakAntiraharmaNiH / hRtavasunnu dakSiNayA tadutsukamanAH kamanAdiva niryayau // 6.22 prabhAta ke samaya tArAoM kA yaha AcaraNa pativratAoM ke samAna hai| pati (candramA) ke paraloka cale jAne para ve sAdhviyAM, usake viyoga kA duHkha na saha sakane ke kAraNa, prAtaHkAlIna sUrya kI lAlimA meM jala kara satI ho gayI haiN| tArAoM para pativratAoM ke Adarza kA Aropa karane se prabhAta kA sAmAnya dRzya kitanA prabhAvazAlI bana gayA hai ! patyustadAstanagamane himAMzostArAstriyastadviraheNa dUnAH / prabhAtasandhyAruNimAnalAntaH satyo hi satyaM vivizuvizuddhAH // 6.76 isa prakAra digvijaya ke vyApaka prakRticitraNa meM yadyapi kucha citra sundara haiM kintu vaha bahudhA mArmikatA se zUnya hai| prakRti-varNana meM meghavijaya kA uddezya zAstrIya lakSaNoM kI khAnApUrti karanA hai|

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digvijayamahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi 215 rasacitraNa rasAtmakatA kI dRSTi se digvijayamahAkAvya kI vicitra sthiti hai| isameM kAvyanAyaka kI jina AdhyAtmika upalabdhiyoM tathA unake mAdhyama se Ahata dharma kI utkRSTatA kA jo pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, usake anurUpa isameM zAnta rasa kI praSAnatA nahIM hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki kAvya meM varNita cAritrika digvijaya ke abhiyAna pakSa ko kavi ne adhika mahattva diyA hai jisake phalasvarUpa usakA dhArmika svara manda par3a gayA hai| vartamAna rUpa meM, kAvya meM, zrRMgAra kA sabase adhika, do sthAnoM para pallavana huA hai| isa dRSTi se zRMgAra ko kAvya kA mukhya rasa mAnA jA sakatA hai, parantu yaha kAvya kI prakRti ke pratikUla hai| vaise bhI 'manasijarasa' kI avamAnanA meM hI sAdhutva kI caritArthatA" hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki rasacitraNa meM kavi ko vizeSa saphalatA nahIM milI hai / meghavijaya ke anya do mahAkAvya bhI, jaisA unake vivecana se spaSTa hai, rasacitraNa kI dRSTi se kacce haiN| sahRdaya ko rasacarvaNA karAnA kavi kA uddezya bhI nahIM hai| __gyArahaveM sarga meM, saMprayoga-varNana ke antargata, sambhoga zrRMgAra kI saghana abhivyakti huI hai| candramA ko digvadhUoM ke sAtha kAmakeliyA karatA dekhakara premIjana bhI zrRMgAra kI mAdhurI meM kho jAte haiN| cira bichoha ke pazcAt mile yugala kI ye ceSTAe~ sambhoga kI kamanIya jhAMkI prastuta karatI haiN| madamAte yuvaka ne hAsa-vilAsa se priyatamA kI viraha-vedanA ko dUra kara diyA hai / vaha mAno usake hRdaya meM praviSTa hone ke liye usake kaNTha se cipaka gayI hai| priya use dera taka bhogatA rahA / usake mAlAdi bhUSaNa saba TUTa gaye para praNayasukha meM lIna use isakA bhAna bhI nahIM huaa| ciravirahajaM duHkhaM pratyAdideza nidezakRda vividhavacananyAsahasivilAsakaraH priyH| sapadi hRdaye tanvAveSTuM vadhUravadhUtabhIstata iva laghurlagnA kaNThe ciraM bubhuje'munA // kusumazayanAduccarnItvA dhRtA bhujayoyuge / mubamudavahada bhAryA vishvaapriyrvlaalitaa| praNayavivazA bhUSAmAlyAdike vigalatyapi na hi gaNayati tyAgI rAgI kadApi vasuvyayam // 11.31-32 yahAM nAyaka kI nAyikA-viSayaka rati sthAyI bhAva hai| vadhU Alambana vibhAva hai| rAtri kA zAnta-snindha vAtAvaraNa tathA premI yugma ke hAsa-vilAsa uddIpana vibhAva haiM / gADhAliMgana ke dvArA nAyikA kI nAyaka ke hRdaya meM praviSTa hone kI ceSTA, 10. manasijarasaM sarva matyA'vamatya dRddhvrtaaH| vahI, 11.7

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216 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya nAyaka kA use zayyA se uThAkara bAhupAza meM bAMdhanA tathA usake AbhUSaNoM, hAroM Adi kA TUTanA anubhAva hai / autsukya, mati, smRti, harSa Adi saMcArI bhAva haiM / ye vibhAva, anubhAva tathA saMcArI bhAva milakara sthAyI bhAva rati ko zrRMgAra rasa kA rUpa dete haiN| digvijayamahAkAvya meM zrRMgAra ke atirikta adbhuta, vIra tathA hAsyarasa kI bhI yathocita avatAraNA huI hai| mahAvIra prabhu ko kevalajJAna kI prApti hone para dizAe~ devadhvani se guJjAyamAna ho gayIM, devatA pRthvI para utara Aye, dundubhinAda sunakara kAma kI zakti naSTa ho gayI tathA meghakumAroM ne sugaMdhita jala kI varSA kii| ina ghaTanAoM meM adbhuta rasa kI niSpatti huI hai| devadhvanirdhvanitadigvalayaH sasAra vyomnastadA sumanaso dvividhA'vateruH / nirdambhadundubhirabhinnaravo jagarja santarjayanniva vimohamahojjitAni // 3.11 puSpANi tatra vavaSurbahusaurabhANi saMsicya gandhasalilaiH parito dharitrIm / AjAnubhAgamapi meghakumAradevAH sevAviSerasamayaM samayaM pratIkSya // 3.16 kAvya meM digvijaya kA varNana bahudhA zleSavidhi se kiyA gayA hai| kintu yuvapakSa meM artha sambhava hone para bhI usameM sadaiva vIrarasa kI abhivyakti nahIM huI hai| zleSa se pAThaka ko camatkRta karanA hI kavi kA lakSya pratIta hotA hai| mahAvIra prabhu kI digvijaya ke varNana ke antargata prastuta paMktiyoM meM vIrarasa kI chaTA avazya dikhAI detI hai| dakSAH parAkramadhiyAvaraNasya bhaMge zUrA vicerarabhito viSaye kssmaayaaH| muktaiSiNaH sarasamUhamihAvizantaH santa sthitA dhRtarucaH khalu maNDalAgne // 3.47 digvijayakAvya meM eka sthAna para hAsya kI madhura jhalaka dikhAI detI hai / eka nAyikA maNiyoM ke pharza meM apane priyatama ke saiMkar3oM pratibimba dekhakara bhaucakkI raha gyii| vaha nirNaya nahIM kara sakI ki pati kauna hai ? usakI isa bhrAnti ko dekhakara sakhiyAM khilakhilA kara haMsa par3atI haiN| maNikuTTimaraMgasaMgame zatadhA svasya dhavasya bimbitH| bhayavismayasAhasAnvitA banitA svAlijanena hasyate // 8.25 ye rasAtmaka prasaMga kAvya ke dhArmika itivRtta ko rasa se sikta karate haiN| kiMtu rasa-citraNa meM kavi ko adhika saphalatA nahIM milI hai| kAvya kI prakRti ke anurUpa isameM zAnta rasa ko mukhya sthAna na denA kavi kI bahuta bar3I cUka hai / vastutaH vaha varNanoM ke gorakhadhandhe meM itanA ulajhA huA hai ki mAnavahadaya kI vividha taraMgoM ke utthAna-patana tathA ghAta-pratighAta kA rasAtmaka vizleSaNa karane kA use avakAza nahIM hai|

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digvijayamahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi 217. bhASA likhijayamahAkAya kA jo tattva akelA hI ise ucca pada para pratiSThita karatA hai, vaha isakI udAtta evaM gambhIra bhASA hai / jainAcArya ke sAdhujIvana kA praur3ha kintu prAMjala bhASA meM nibandhana karanA svayaM eka upalabdhi hai / isa koTi kI kathAvastu kI, bhASAtmaka dRSTi se, kyA dayanIya pariNita ho sakatI hai, yaha zrIvallabha ke vijayadevamAhAtmya se spaSTa hai| meghavijaya kA bhASA para spardhanIya adhikAra hai / bhASAdhikAra ke binA vaha zAbdI jAdUgarI sambhava nahIM, jo samasyApUrtirUpa devAnandamahAkAvya athavA 'pratyekAkSarazleSamaya' saptasandhAna meM kI gayI hai| digvijayamahAkAvya meM, bhASA ke nAma para vaha bauddhika utpIr3ana to nahIM hai, kintu yahAM bhI bhASA kavi kI vazavartI hai tathA vaha usakA svacchanda prayoga kara sakatA hai, isameM tanika sandeha nahIM hai| pUre do sarmoM meM yamaka kA vikaTa prayoga, antya tathA madhyapadIya anuprAsa kI yojanA, zleSa tathA citrakAvya, kavi ke bhASAdhikAra ke jvalanta pramANa haiN| zliSTa varNanoM tathA yamaka evaM citrakAvya vAle sthaloM meM kliSTatA kA samAveza svAbhAvika thaa| digvijayakAvya meM zleSa kA svatantra athavA anya alaMkAroM ke avayava ke rUpa meM paryApta prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kintu zleSa kI karAlatA naveM sarga ke Arambha meM dikhAI detI hai, jahAM candrodaya tathA vibhinna dArzanika matoM kA zliSTa varNana kiyA gayA hai| pleSa kI kliSTatA ne donoM ko lIla liyA hai|" yamaka tathA citrakAvya se AcchAdita saptama sarga meM bhI bhASA kI yahI pariNati huI hai| parantu yaha digvijayakAvya kI bhASA kA eka pakSa hai / ukta prasaMgoM ko chor3a kara kAvya meM bahudhA alpasamAsayukta, pariSkRta kintu prAMjala padAvalI prayukta huI hai| digvijayamahAkAvya kI bhASA adhikatara prasAda guNa se paripUrNa hai, yaha eka madhura Azcarya hai| vijayaprabha kI uttaradizA kI vijaya vAlA paMcama sarga prasAdaguNa kA uttama udAharaNa hai| sirohI ke nivAsiyoM ke prastuta varNana meM bhASA kI yaha vizeSatA prakaTa hai| vasati dhanadaH sarvaH pauraH paraM na kuberaH paramaratimAn vAruNyAM na pracetasi cAnimaH / na capalakalAM kvApyAdatte sa puNyajano'pyaho pramuditamanAH sadyaH saurodaye na jar3AtmabhUH // 5.42 11. prabhAsu jADya'pi mahAtapo'bhUd viyogabhAjaH prakRtavikArAt / vidhau vidhautatviSi kApilIyA pravRttirAsIt kumuvAM vibodhe| vahI .16 12. maho dayAyA jagatIzvarazriyo mA yA vimohaM sma yato'haMtA mate / mahodayAyA''jagatIzvarazriyo yathAsthitaM bhAvanayA'sva sanmate ! ||bhii 7.44

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218 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya prathama sarga ke anta meM, sumeru kA varNana bhI isI bhASAtmaka vizadatA se otaprota hai / eka-do udAharaNoM se isa prasaMga kI prAMjalatA kA paricaya mila jaayegaa| vacicca sphaTikasAnubhirSavalabhAvamubhAvayan kvacicca bahudhAtubhirbahalazoNimAnaM vaman / kvacinmaNimarIcibhirSanurathendramullAsayan karoti surayoSitAM manasi mAnmathoddIpanam // 1.68 digvijayamahAkAvya meM varNanoM kA prAdhAnya hai / vastutaH isakI racanA meM kavi kA eka uddezya apanI varNanazakti kA pradarzana karanA hai| usake sabhI varNana eka jaise rocaka athavA mArmika hoM, aisI bAta nhiiN| aSTama sarga meM pArzva-pratimA kA sAMgopAMga varNana nizcita rUpa se nIrasa hai / pratimA ke caraNa, nayana, lalATa, kaNTha, vakSa Adi kA varNana pAThaka ko ubA detA hai / bimbavaividhya ke abhAva ke kAraNa usake prakRticitraNa meM bhI adhika sarasatA nahIM hai| sUrirAja vijayaprabha ke svAgata ke lie udayapura ke zAsaka kI senA ke prayANa kA yaha varNana apekSAkRta adhika rocaka hai, yadyapi yamaka ne isakI rocakatA ko aMzataH dabA liyA hai| kAvya meM yaha varNana sainya-prayANa kI rUr3hi kA nirvAha karane ke liye kiyA gayA hai, anyathA pavitratAvAdI tapasvI ke pravezotsava meM senA juTAne kI kyA AvazyakatA ? atha cacAla vizAlabale puro madamalInakaTA kariNAM ghttaa| ghanaghaTeva bhuga parisiMcatI taruNatAruNatAnvitabindubhiH // 6.1 rjtkiNkinniikaarnnpuuritbhrNmddbhrtrbhrmrsvraiH| trutavilambitameva jagAma sA ghanamadA na madAyatapRSThikA // 6.8 tadanu kAMcanaratnamayaryutAH prvrplyynsturgottmaaH| anucaraizcaturraruparakSitA agaNanA gaNanAyakamamyayu // 6.8 (a) pANDitya-pradarzana - apane anya do mahAkAvyoM kI bhAMti meghavijaya ne prastuta kAvya meM, samasyA pUrti athavA nAnArthaka kAvya ke dvArA pAThaka ko bauddhika vyAyAma to nahIM karAyA hai, kintu usakA paNDita apane racanA-kauzala kA pradarzana karane ke liye sadaiva Atura hai / vidvatA-pradarzana kI yaha AturatA, digvijayamahAkAvya meM, mAgha tathA mASottara kAvyoM ke cira-paricita mAdhyama, yamaka tathA citrazailI kA libAsa pahana kara prakaTa huI hai| kAvya ke pUre do sargoM meM, yamaka ke rUpa meM, bhASAyI jAdUgarI kI gayI hai / vaise yamaka kI vidrUpatA sAtaveM sarga meM adhika vikarAla hai, jahAM kavi ne pAThaka ko Adyanta pAda

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digvijayamahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi 216 yamaka kI bhUlabhUlaiyA meM DAle rakhA hai|" isI sarga ke uttarArddha meM, meghavijaya citrazailI ke pralobhana meM phaMsa gaye haiM / yahAM kucha aise padyoM kI racanA kI gayI hai, jinameM kahIM kriyA gupta hai, kahIM varga vizeSa ke vargoM kA sarvathA abhAva hai tathA kucha padyoM kA unameM prayukta akSara, mAtrA, anusvAra Adi kA lopa karake bhI saMgata artha karanA saMbhava hai / svabhAvataH vaha pUrvArtha se bhinna hogaa| ina kalAbAjiyoM ne yamaka kI dussAdhyatA ko aura jaTila banA diyA hai| prastuta padya meM 'sasAra' 'adhita' tathA 'Apa' ye tIna kriyAeM antanihita haiM, kintu unakA boSa prayatnapUrvaka hI sambhava hai| samAdhitA pAparucivivarddhanaM sasAra puNyAbhyudayo mahasvinAm / samAdhitApAparudhivivarddhanaM vIre gurau zrIjinavIratIrthape // 7.47 nimnokta zloka kA 'dadhe' kriyA ke rakAra tathA 'vizvAm' vizeSaNa ke vakAra ke binA arthAt 'dadhe' tathA 'vizAm' ke AdhAra para bhI artha kiyA jA sakatA hai| vizvAMgaNe cetanatAM nibhAlayan dadhe padaM yo'nvdhaarnnaayutH| vizvAM gaNe cetanatAM nibhAlaya sthiti sa santyAjayati sma maNDale // 7.66 kucha padyoM kA artha varNavizeSa kI cyuti se saMgata banatA hai| udAharaNArtha prastuta anuSTup ke tRtIya caraNa meM prayukta 'vandane' ke bindu kA lopa karake 'vadane' par3hane se hI artha sambhava hai| vandane rucirAbhAti shitaaNshuklyaanvitaa| vandane rucirAbhA'tizayAd gIviduSAM guroH // 7.56 yaha zAbdI krIr3A paNDitavarga ke bauddhika vilAsa ke lie kitanI bhI upayogI ho aura isase bhale hI kavi kA bhASAdhikAra ghotita ho; kintu yaha kAvya ke AsvAdana meM durladhya bAdhA hai, isameM do mata nahIM ho sakate / isa prakAra digvijayamahAkAvya kI bhASA kliSTatA tathA prAMjalatA ke do choroM meM baMdhI hai| usameM vidvatA tathA abhyAsajanya pariSkAra hai| devAnanda tathA saptasandhAna kI bhASA ke vadha se jUjhane ke pazcAt digvijayakAvya kI bhASA ko par3hakara mastiSka ko kucha vizrAma milatA hai| 13. ina kliSTa padyoM se meghavijaya ke yamaka kI vikaTatA kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| na gautamIyaM matamakSapAda dhiyA pramANyakriyatAmunA manAka / na gautamIyaM matamakSapAda pramocitaM kevalinaH pramocitam // 7.32 vimuktarA gA navadhA surakSaNA jagau gurubrahmadharaH kSamAparaH / vimuktarAgA navadhAsurakSaNA gaNe pravRttirvatinAM tato'bhavat // 7.34

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220 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya alaMkAravidhAna devAnanda tathA saptasandhAna ke samAna digvijayamahAkAvya bhI meghavijaya kI alaMkAravAditA kA pratIka hai| jisa uddezya se vaha kAvya-racanA meM pravRtta huA thA, usase bhaTaka kara vaha kAvya kI bAhya sAja-sajjA meM phaMsa gayA hai / isa sAja-sajjA ke pramukha upakaraNa alaMkAroM ke kuzala vidhAna meM usakI siddhahastatA nirvivAda hai / meghavijaya ke anya kAvyoM kI bhAMti digvijayakAvya meM bhI zabdAlaMkAroM kI bharamAra hai| unhIM kI taraha yahAM alaMkAra kavi ke sAdhya haiN| yamaka kI vikaTatA kA kucha saMketa pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| digvijayamahAkAvya ke chaThe tathA sAtaveM, pUre do sargoM meM kavi ne yamaka-yojanA meM apane kauzala kA tatparatA se pradarzana kiyA hai| sAtavAM sarga to pAdayamaka se bharapUra hai, jisake antargata abhaMga tathA sabhaMga, donoM prakAra kA yamaka prayukta huA hai / abhaMga pAdayamaka kA eka bahuta kaThina udAharaNa yahAM diyA jAtA hai| purogamaiSI prayataH sadhAraNaH sAdhoraNaH klpitmttvaarnnH| purogamaiSI prayataH sadhAraNaH prapIyatAmityudite na ko'pyabhUt // 7.48 bhASA ko sazakta tathA praur3ha banAne ke lie kAvya meM yamaka kI bhAMti zleSa kA bhI Azraya liyA gayA hai| jaisA pahale kahA gayA hai, kAvya meM zleSa kA pracura prayoga hai| gaNadharoM ke vijaya-abhiyAna adhikatara zleSavidhi se vaNita haiN| unameM sarvatra do svataMtra artha vyakta nahIM hote / kucha pada dvayarthaka haiM, anya ekArthaka / mahAvIra svAmI kI digvijaya ke prastuta padya meM unakI dhArmika tathA sAmarika vijayoM kA bhAva sanniviSTa hai| saMvardhayan samititatparasAdhuloke bhAvAd guNAdhikatayA paramArthavRttim / nyasyannapUrvakaraNe sa niyogirAjAn zrIindrabhUtikalitazcalito babhAse // 3:31 zleSa aura yamaka ke isa ADambarapUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM anuprAsa kI surucipUrNa yojanA kAvya meM zrutimAdhurya kA saMcAra karatI hai| pArzva-pratimA ke isa varNana meM anuprAsa ne dhvani-saundarya ko janma diyA hai| dhyeyaM paraM satsudazAM vidheyaM devAbhidheyaM kamalAyupeyam / prasAdhayantI surasArthageyaM paTUkarotyeva yazo'dhipeyam // 8.148 kavi-kalpanA kI bhavyatA ne utprekSA kA rUpa bhI liyA hai / vArANasI kI gaganacumbI aTTAlikAeM isaliye AkAza kI ora bar3ha rahIM haiM, mAno ve yaha dekhanA cAhatI hoM ki devatAoM ke prabhu-darzana ke liye pRthvI para A jAne ke bAda svarga meM kitane vimAna zeSa raha gaye haiM ! devAgamAdanu nanu dhupure kiyantaH zeSA vizeSarucayo marutAM vimAnAH / AlokituM kimiti yA nRNAM nikAsA una yiyAsaba iti pravibhAnti shrRNgH|| 11.86

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digvijayamahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi 221 nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM 'yadi' ke artha bala se sUrya, candramA tathA kamala meM kramazaH saumyatA, niSkalaMkatA tathA dIpti ke kalpita sambandha kI sambhAvanA kI gayI hai, ataH yahAM atizayokti alaMkAra hai| yadi saumyarucidivAkare'pyathavA rAjani nissklNktaa| jalajanmani bhAsuradyutI ramatAM tatra zubhAnanopamA // 8.103 prastuta padya meM arthasiddha vyAvRtti hai| artha ke zleSa para AdhArita hone se yahAM zleSamUlaka Artha parisaMkhyA hai| tantre'sya ko daNDaguNAdhiropalakSeSu dakSo na rase nyaarryaaH| sarvo janaH kSetravibhAgavedI nedIyasI siddhimivAnvamasta // 6.52 AgarA ke rAjaprAsAda ke prastuta varNana meM, darzaka rAjamahala ko dekhakara rohaNAcala ko bhUla gaye, isa vizeSa kathana kI uttarArddha kI eka sAmAnya ukti se puSTi karane ke kAraNa arthAntaranyAsa hai / prastuta rAjamahala kI aprastuta rohaNAcala se zreSThatA nirUpita karane meM vyatireka hai| ratnarAziracitairnRpasodhaH prekSako hRtamanA iva srvH| rohaNAcalaruci vimumoca zocante na laghumapyadhikAptau // 10.65 kAvya meM prayukta anya alaMkAroM meM rUpaka, virodhAbhAsa, yathAsaMkhya, sahokti, upamA, hetu tathA kAvyaliMga ullekhanIya haiN| chanda yojanA digvijayamahAkAvya meM chandoM kA prayoga zAstrIya vidhAna ke anusAra kiyA gayA hai| gyArahaveM sarga meM nAnA vRttoM kA prayoga bhI zAstra-sammata hai / isa sarga meM prayukta chandoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM-anuSTup, upendravajrA, upajAti, vaMzastha, svAgatA, vasantatilakA, mAlinI, hariNI, zArdUlavikrIDita tathA sragdharA / anya sargoM meM indravajrA, pRthvI, drutavilambita, indravaMza tathA viyoginI ye pAMca naye chanda haiM / kula milA kara digvijayamahAkAvya kI racanA pandraha chandoM meM huI hai| digvijayamahAkAvya kI racanA ke mUla meM gurubhakti kI udAtta preraNA nihita hai / kintu paramparAgata kAvyazailI ne kavi ke prayojana ko dhUmila kara diyA hai| digvijaya kI chuI-muI murajhA gayI hai aura sArA kAvya varNanoM kI bAr3ha meM DUba gayA hai| santoSa hai ki kavi ke anya do kAvyoM kI bhAMti isakI pariNati durUhatA meM nahIM huI hai|

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devAnanda mahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi bhAravi kI zAbdI krIDA ne sAhitya meM eka aisA kIrtimAna sthApita kiyA ki paravartI kavi ahamahamikayA isa bhASAyI jAdUgarI kI ora AkRSTa hone lage / nAnArthaka kAvya tathA zAstrakAvya meM yaha pravRtti carama sImA ko pahuMca gayI hai / samasyA pUrti citrakAvya kA hI rUpAntara hai / paNDita kavi meghavijayagaNi ne samasyA pUrti tathA nAnArthaka - kAvya kI racanA ke dvArA isa kAvyadhArA ke vikAsa meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna kiyA hai / mAghakAvya kA samasyApUrti rUpa unakA devAnandamahAkAvya' sAta sargoM kI atyadhika pror3ha evaM alaMkRta kRti hai / isameM jainadharma ke prasiddha prabhAvaka, tapAgacchIya AcArya vijayadevasUri tathA unake paTTadhara vijayaprabhasUri ke sAdhujIvana ke katipaya prasaMga nibaddha karane kA upakrama kiyA gayA hai / kavi kA vAstavika uddezya citrakAvya ke dvArA pAThaka ko camatkRta karate hue apane pANDitya tathA kavitva zakti kI pratiSThA karanA hai / isalie devAnanda meM caritAtmakatA kA kaMkAla citrakAvya kI bAr3ha meM DUba gayA hai aura yaha mukhyataH eka alaMkRti-pradhAna camatkArajanaka kAvya bana gayA hai / prastuta adhyAya meM isakA vivecana karane kA yahI aucitya hai / devAnanda kA mahAkAvyatva mApAtataH zAstrIya dRSTi se devAnanda ko mahAkAvya mAnane meM Apatti ho sakatI hai kyoMki isameM ve samUce tattva vidyamAna nahIM haiM, jinheM prAcIna nAlaMkArikoM ne mahAkAvya ke lie Avazyaka mAnA hai| vastutaH kavi kI dRSTi meM citrakAvya ke samakSa anya sabhI kAmyadharma tuccha haiN| isakI racanA sargabaddha kAvya ke rUpa meM avaz huI hai, kintu isameM ATha se kama-sAta-sarga haiM / para jaisA anyatra kahA gayA hai, kalipaya bAhya tattvoM ke abhAva athavA apUrNatA se mahAkAvya kA svarUpa vikRta nahIM hotA / devAnanda meM zRMgAra rasa kI kucha rekhAeM prasphuTita haiM, yadyapi kAvya meM zRMgAra kA na to aMgIrasa ke rUpa meM paripAka huA hai aura na yaha kathAnaka kI prakRti ke anurUpa hai / pAtroM kA caritra citrita karane meM kavi ko saphalatA nahIM milI hai / parantu pratyeka mahAkAvya meM samUce zAstrIya lakSaNoM ke nirvAha kI apekSA karanA ucita nahIM / devAnanda kI guru-gambhIra zailI, kavi kI vidvatA -pradarzana kI pravRtti, citrakAvya kA 1. sampAdaka: becaravAsa jIvarAja dozI, siMdhI caina-vANamAlA, granthAMka 7, san 1637

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226 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya camatkAra, nAnA praur3ha alaMkAroM kA sanniveza, chandakozala kA pradarzana, prauDha (kliSTa) bhASA tathA vAtAvaraNa mahAkAvya ke anurUpa haiN| devAnanda meM mahAkAvya ke kucha paramparAgata tattva upalabdha bhI haiN| isakA bArambha maMgalAcaraNa se huA hai, jisameM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI vandanA kI gayI hai| dhIrodAtta guNoM se sampanna zreSThiputra vAsudeva (vijayadevasUri) isakA nAyaka hai| pratiSThita saMyamadhana AcArya ke udAtta carita se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa devAnanda kA kathAnaka suvijJAta hai| caturvarga meM se dharma isakI racanA kA preraka uddezya hai / kAvya meM dharma ko kalyANaprApti kA acUka sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| sAdhujIvana para AdhArita kathAnaka meM deza, nagara, parvata, SaDRtu, azvasenA, gajarAji Adi ke alaMkRta varNana devAnanda ko mahAkAvya-rUpa dene kI kavi kI AturatA ko iMgita karate haiM / kAvya kA zIrSaka kathAnAyaka deva (vijayadeva) ke nAma para AdhRta hai tathA sargoM kA nAmakaraNa, unameM varNita viSayoM ke anusAra hai| sajjanaprazaMsA tathA khalanindA rUDhiyoM kA bhI kAvya meM yatheSTa pAlana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra devAnanda meM mahAkAvya ke kucha svarUpa-nirmAtA tattva haiM, kucha kA abhAva hai| kintu isa AMzika abhAva se isakA mahAkAvyatva naSTa nahIM ho jAtA / isIlie zIrSaka tathA pratyeka sarga kI puSpikA meM devAnanda ko mahAkAvya saMjJA pradAna kI gayI haiN|' kaviparicaya tathA racanAkAla prastuta kAvya tathA apanI anya racanAoM kI prAntaprazasti meM meghavijaya ne apane muni-jIvana kA paryApta paricaya diyA hai / meghavijaya mugala samrATa akabara ke kalyANamitra hIravijayasUri ke ziSyakula meM the| unake dIkSA-guru to kRpAvijaya the, kintu unheM upAdhyAya pada para vijayadevasUri ke paTTadhara vijayaprabhasUri ne pratiSThita kiyA thaa|' vijayaprabhasUri ke prati meghavijaya kI kucha aisI zraddhA hai ki na kevala prastuta kAvya ke antima sarga meM unakA prazastigAna kiyA hai, apitu do svatantra kAvyoM --digvijaya mahAkAvya tathA meghadUtasamasyAlekha-ke dvArA bhI kavi ne guru ke prati kRtajJatA 2. dharmAd rasAdiva svalpAdapi kalyANasAdhanam / devAnandamahAkAvya, 2.25. 3. yathA-iti zrIdevAnande mahAkAvye divyaprabhAparanAmni....kathAnAyaka-utpattivarNa. nanAmA prathamaH srgH|| 4. gacchAdhIzvarahIrahIravijayAmnAye nikAye dhiyAM matyaH zrIvijayaprabhAkhyasuguroH zrImattapAkhye gnne| ziSyaH prAjamaNeH kRpAdivijayasyAzAsyamAnApraNI zvake vAcakanAmameghavijaya zasyAM samasyAmimAm // zAntinAthacarita 1.126 devAnanvaprazasti, 76-80, zAntinAthacaritaprazasti, 5.

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devAnandamahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi 227 prakaTa kI hai / ye donoM kAvya vijayaprabhasUri ke sArasvata smAraka haiM / jisake varada hasta ne pratiSThita pada para AsIna kiyA ho, usake guNagAna meM yadi ziSya apanI bhAratI kI sArthakatA mAne, to isameM Azcarya kyA ? meghavijaya apane samaya ke prauDha paNDita-kavi, pratyutpanna dArzanika, prayogazuddha vaiyAkaraNa, samayajJa jyotiSI tathA AdhyAtmika AtmajJAnI the| unhoMne ina sabhI viSayoM meM apanI lekhanI calAyI tathA sabako pratibhA evaM vidvattA ke sparza se Alokita kara diyA hai / prastuta kAvya ke atirikta do mahAkAvyoM-digvijayamahAkAvya tathA saptasandhAnamahAkAvya-kA vivecana, grantha meM anyatra kiyA gayA hai / meghavijaya samasyApUrti ke pAraMgata AcArya haiM / unhoMne devAnanda, meghadUtasamasyAlekha tathA zAntinAtha carita meM kramaza: mAghakAvya, meghadUta tathA naiSadhacarita kI samasyA-pUrti karake apane adbhuta racanAkauzala tathA gahana pANDitya kA paricaya diyA hai / laghutriSaSTi zalAkApuruSacarita, bhaviSyaddattakathA tathA paMcAkhyAna unakI anya jJAta kAvya kRtiyAM haiN| vijayadevamAhAtmyavivaraNa zrIvallabha ke vijayadevamAhAtmya kI TIkA hai| yuktiprabodhanATaka tathA dharmamaMjUSA nyAyagrantha hai| candraprabhA-hemazabdacandrikA tathA hemazabdaprakriyA unake vyAkaraNa ke pANDitya ke pratIka haiM / varSaprabodha, ramalazAstra, hastasaMjIvana, udayadIpikA, praznasundarI, vIsAyantravidhi meghavijaya kI jyotiSaracanAyeM haiM / adhyAtma se sambandhita kRtiyoM meM mAtRkAprasAda, brahmabodha tathA arhad gItA ullekhanIya haiN| ina caubIsa granthoM ke atirikta paMcatIrthastuti tathA bhaktAmara stotra para unakI TIkAeM bhI upalabdha haiM / saMskRta kI bhAMti gujarAtI ko bhI meghavijaya kI pratibhA kA varadAna milA hai| yaha vaividhyapUrNa sAhitya unakI bahumukhI vidvatA kA dyotaka hai| meghavijaya ne apanI vibhinna kRtiyoM meM racanAkAla kA jo nirdeza kiyA hai, usase inake sthitikAla kA kucha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| zrIvallabhakRta vijayadevamAhAtmya kI pratilipi samvat 1706 meM kI gayI thii|| mUlagrantha kA isase pUrva racita honA sunizcita hai| meghavijaya ne vijayadevamAhAtmya ke vivaraNa kI racanA saM. 1708 ke pazcAt kI hogii| yaha unakI prathama racanA pratIta hotI hai| yaha maulika granthoM ke praNayana se pUrva sambhavataH TIkA-TippaNI ke dvArA khyAti arjita karane kA prayAsa hai| saptasandhAnamahAkAvya unakI antima kRti hai, jisakI 5. likhito'ye granthaH paNDitazrI 5 zrIraGga somagaNi ziSya muni somagaNinA / saM. 1706 varSa caitramAse kRSNapakSe ekaadshtithau........| vijayadeva mAhAtmya, sarga 16,pR0 126-127

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228 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya racanA samvat 1760 meM sampanna huI thii| vijayadevamAhAtmyavivaraNa kI racanA ke samaya unakI avasthA lagabhaga paccIsa varSa kI avazya rahI hogI / ataH samvat 1685 tathA 1765 (arthAt 1628 tathA 1708 I0) ke bIca meghavijaya kA sthitikAla mAnanA ayukta nahIM hai| devAnandamahAkAvya kI racanA mAravAr3a ke sAdar3I nagara meM sambat 1727 (1650 I0) kI vijayadazamI ko pUrNa huI thii| isakA ullekha kAvya kI prAntaprazasti meM kiyA gayA hai| muninayanAzvendumite varSe harSeNa sAdar3Inagare / granthaH pUrNaH samajani vijayadazamyAmiti zreyaH // 8 // isakI eka pratilipi svayaM granthakAra ne gvAliyara meM kI thii| kAvya kI eka anya pratilipi samvat 1755 meM meruvijaya ke ziSya sundaravijaya dvArA taiyAra kI gaI thii| kathAnaka devAnanda sAta sargoM kA mahAkAvya hai| kathAnAyakotpattivarNana nAmaka prathama sarga meM maMgalAcaraNa, nagaravarNana Adi rUDhiyoM ke nirvAha ke pazcAt IDaravAsI zreSThI sthira ke putra vAsudeva ke janma kA varNana hai / dvitIya sarga meM kumAra kI mAtA (rUpA) tathA pitRvya nAnA yuktiyoM se use gArhasthya jIvana svIkAra karane ko prerita karate haiM, kintu vaha muktivadhU kA pANigrahaNa karane kA nizcaya karatA hai aura mAdha zuklA dazamI (samvat 1634) ko, akabara ke prabodhadAtA AcArya hIravijaya ke paTTadhara vijayasena sUri se ahamadAbAda meM tApasavrata grahaNa karatA hai| dIkSoparAnta vaha vidyAvijaya nAma se khyAta huaa| khambhAta ke seTha zrImalla ke anurodha para vijayasenasUri use samvat 1657 meM, AcArya pada para pratiSThita karate haiM / tatpazcAt vidyAvijaya ne vijayadevasUri ke nAma se prasiddhi prApta kii| mugala samrATa jahAMgIra 'mahAtapA' upAdhi se unakI vidvattA tathA pratibhA kA abhinandana karatA hai| tRtIya sarga meM zAsanadevatA ke Adeza se vijayadevasUri kanakavijaya ko vaizAkha zudi SaSThI, samvat 1682 ko, apanI janmabhUmi IDara meM AcArya pada pradAna karate haiM aura svarNagiri meM unakA vandanotsava sampanna karate haiN| mAravAr3a meM AcArya ke padArpaNa karate hI marubhUmi nadImAtRka bana gyii| gujarAta meM do varSa bitA kara zatrujaya-yAtrA ko jAte samaya unhoMne unnatapura meM apane praguru hIravijaya kI samAdhi ke darzana kiye / yamakaramya caturtha sarga kA Arambha raivataka tathA siddhAcala ke varNana se hotA hai| dakSiNa dizA ke 6. saptasandhAnamahAkAvya, prazasti 3 / 7. devAnandamahAkAvya, granthaprazasti 3 / 8. vahI, granthaprazasti /

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devAnanda mahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi 22e vihAra ke liye jAte samaya munirAja sUrata meM sAgarapakSIyoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita karate haiM / zrAvikA caturA kI prArthanA se AcArya zAhapura gaye tathA auraMgajeba ke upavana meM cAturmAsa kiyaa| kaTTarapaMthI mugala samrAT ne bhI munizrI kA hArdika svAgata kiyA aura unakI preraNA se jIvahatyA varjita kara dI, jisakA pAlana usake uttarAdhikArI bhI karate rahe / dakSiNadigvijaya nAmaka pAMcaveM sarga meM vijayadevasUri ke dakSiNa dizA meM vihAra karane kA varNana hai / kullapAkapura meM unhoMne AdinAtha kI vandanA kI tathA amaracanda ko vAcaka pada pradAna kiyA / zAsanadeva ke Adeza se sUrirAja ne, gandhapura meM samvat 1706, vaizAkha zuklA dazamI ko vIravijaya ko AcArya pada para pratiSThita kiyA tathA unakA nAma vijayaprabha rakhA / sarga ke zeSa bhAga meM paramparAgata chaha RtuoM kA varNana hai| sAtaveM sarga meM vijayadevasUri apane paTTadhara vijayaprabhasUri kA ahamadAbAda meM vandanotsava karate haiM / isake liye ibhyarAja dhanajI prasUri kA ahamadAbAda meM vandanotsava karate haiM / isake liye ibhyarAja dhanajI tathA usakI zraddhAlu patnI ne vizAla Ayojana kiyA / vimalagiri kI yAtrA ke pazcAt vijayadevasUri ne UnA ( Unnatapura) meM AcArya hIravijaya kI samAdhi ke darzana kiye tathA vahIM prAk-maraNa anazana se samvat 1713 aSAr3ha zuklA ekAdazI ko samAdhi lii| guru kI mRtyu se sArA saMgha zokasAgara meM DUba gyaa| rAyacandra ne AcAryazrI kI smRti meM vahAM eka vihAra bnvaayaa| saMgha ke anurodha para vijayaprabhasUri guru ke paTTa para ArUr3ha hue tathA samAja kA netRtva apane hAtha meM liyA / sarga ke zeSAMza meM vijayaprabhasUri ke vihAra kA varNana hai / uparyukta vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki kAvya meM vijayadevasUri ke jIvana ke kucha prasaMgoM kA hI nirUpaNa hai / unake carita kA vistRta varNana to vijayadevamAhAtmya meM huA hai| donoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki devAnanda meM varNita kAvyanAyaka se sambandhita ghaTanAe~ sarvathA satya tathA prAmANika haiN| unakI tithiyoM, dinoM tathA samvatoM meM bhI koI antara nahIM hai / yaha avazya hai ki jahAM vijayadeva - mAhAtmya samvat 1687 taka kI ghaTanAoM taka sImita hai, vahAM devAnanda meM vijayadevasUri ke sAdhujIvana ke paravartI prasaMgoM tathA svargArohaNa kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / samasyApUrti ke kaThora bandhana ke kAraNa meghavijaya anAvazyaka varNanoM ke phera meM nahIM par3e haiN| unakA koI bhI varNana 15-20 padyoM se adhika nahIM hai / isIliye unakA kathya prAya: sarvatra Age bar3hatA rahatA hai / devAnanda kI parizIlana se AzaMkA utpanna hotI hai ki kanakavijaya ko sUripada para pratiSThita karane ke uparAnta vijayadeva ne apane eka anya ziSya, vIravijaya ko apanA paTTadhara kyoM niyukta kiyA ? isakA samAdhAna bijayadevamAhAtmya se bhI

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230 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya nahIM hotA kyoMki usameM vIravijaya ke abhiSeka kA ullekha hI nahIM hai / vastusthiti yaha hai ki vijayadeva ke jIvanakAla meM hI, samvat 1706 meM, kanakavijaya (vijayasiMha sUri) kA svargavAsa ho gayA thA, isaliye vIravijaya ko AcArya pada dekara vijayaprabha ke nAma se unheM apanA sarvAdhikAra samarpita kiyA / inakA AjJAnuvartI sArA jaina samudAya devasUra saMgha ke nAma se prasiddha huA aura Aja bhI yaha nAma jahA~tahA~ pracalita hai| meghavijaya ko prApta mAgha kA dAya meghavijaya kI zalI kA to mAgha se prabhAvita honA svabhAvika thA, kintu viSayavastu kI yojanA meM bhI ve mAgha ke RNI haiN| mAghakAvya ke nAyaka kRSNa vAsudeva haiM / meghavijaya kA caritanAyaka bhI saMyogavaza zreSThiputra vAsudeva hai| zrIkRSNa parama puruSa haiM, vAsudeva AdhyAtmika sAdhanA se bahupUjya pada prApta karate haiM / zizupAlavadha ke prathama sarga meM nArada ke Agamana tathA Atithya kA varNana hai| devAnanda ke usI sarga meM gujarAta, IDara tathA usake zAsaka kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / mAghakAvya ke dvitIya sarga meM kRSNa, uddhava tathA balarAma rAjanaitika mantraNA karate haiN| devAnanda ke dvitIya sarga meM kumAra kI mAtA tathA pitRvya use vaivAhika jIvana meM pravRtta karane ke liye vicAra-vimarza karate haiM / vaha unakI yuktiyoM kA usI prakAra prativAda karatA hai jaise zrIkRSNa balarAma kI dalIloM kaa| yudhiSThira ke nimantraNa para zrIkRSNa rAjasUya yajJa meM bhAga lene ke liye indraprastha (dillI) jAte haiM / vAsudeva bhI upayukta guru kI khoja meM ahamadAbAda aura sUripada prApta karane ke pazcAt, jahAMgIra ke anurodha para, dillI jAtA hai| zizupAlavadha ke tRtIya sarga meM zrIkRSNa senA ke sAtha indraprastha ko prasthAna karate haiM / devAnanda kAvya ke tRtIya sarga meM vijayadevasUri ke pravezotsava ke samaya IDararAja kalyANamalla kI senA ke hAthiyoM tathA ghor3oM kA alaMkRta varNana hai / donoM ke caturtha sarga meM raivataka kA varNana hai kintu mAgha ne jahA~ sArA sarga parvatavarNana para lagA diyA hai, vahA~ meghavijaya ATha-dasa padyoM meM hI raivataka kA varNana karake apane kathya kI ora bar3ha gaye haiM / mAgha kI bhA~ti meghavijaya ne isa sarga meM nAnA (teIsa) chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| mAghakAvya tathA devAnanda donoM ke chaThe sarga meM SaD-Rtu-varNana kI rUDhi kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai, jo yamaka se Acchanna hai| pANDityapradarzana :samasyApUrti devAnanda kI racanA mAghakAvya kI samasyApUrti ke rUpa meM huI hai| isameM mAgha ke prathama sAta sargoM ko hI samasyApUrti kA AdhAra banAyA gayA hai / adhikatara zizupAlavadha ke padyoM ke caturtha pAda ko samasyA ke rUpa meM grahaNa kara anya tIna 6. devAnanda mahAkAvya kA muni jinavijaya dvArA likhita kiMcit prAstAvikam' pR. 3.

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devAnandamahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi 23 // caraNoM kI racanA kavi ne svayaM kI hai, kintu kahIM-kahIM do athavA tIna caraNoM ko lekara bhI samasyApUrti kI gayI hai / kucha padyoM ke vibhinna caraNoM ko lekara alaga-alaga zloka race gaye haiN| mAgha ke 3348 ke . cAroM pAdoM ke AdhAra para meghavijaya ne cAra svatantra padya banAye haiM (3. 51-54) / kabhI-kabhI eka samasyA-pAda kI pUrti cAra padyoM meM kI gayI hai| mAgha ke 3 / 66 ke tRtIya caraNa 'prAyeNa niSkAmati cakrapANI' kA kavi ne cAra padyoM meM prayoga kiyA hai (3 / 117-120) / anyatra eka samasyA do athavA tIna padyoM kA viSaya banI hai| 'neSTaM puro dvAravatItvamAsIt' (mAgha, 3166, caturtha pAda) pArejalaM nIranidherapazyan (mAgha, 370, prathama), 'kSiptA ivendoH saruco'dhitIraM [vela] (mAgha, 373, tRtIya), 'udanvataH svedalavAn mamArja' (mAgha,376, dvitIya), 'tasyAnuvelaM vrajato'ti (ghi) velaM (vahI, tRtIya), 'kvacit kapizayanti cAmIkarAH' (mAgha, 4|24,cturth) ke AdhAra para meghavijaya ne kramazaH 3 / 121-122, 3 / 123-124, 3 / 138-136, 3 / 165-166, 3 / 167-168 tathA 4 / 32-33 kI racanA kI hai| 'utsaMgazayyAzayamamburAziH (mAgha, 378, dvitIya) meghavijaya ke tIna padyoM (3 / 156-161) kA AdhAra banA hai| devAnanda ke kartA ne do samasyA-pAdoM ko eka hI padya meM pAdayamaka ke rUpa meM do bAra prayoga karake bhI apane racanAkauzala kA camatkAra dikhAyA hai / 'akSamiSTa madhuvAsarasAram', 'prabhAvanIketanavaijayantI', 'paritastAra raverasatyavazyam , 'ruciraM kamanIyata rAgamitA' ko kramazaH 6/76, 80 81, 82, ke pUrvArdha tathA aparAdha meM prayukta kiyA gayA hai, yadyapi AdhArabhUta samasyA-pAdoM kI bhA~ti donoM bhAgoM meM, inake artha meM, AkAza-pAtAla kA antara hai| samasyApUrti meM pUraNIya caraNa ke zabdoM ko na badala kara artha kI pUrti karanI hotI hai| mAgha tathA meghavijaya meM kahIM-kahIM pAThabheda milatA hai, kintu yaha parivartana samasyAkAra ne apane prayojana kI siddhi ke lie kiyA hai athavA yaha mAgha kA hI pAThAntara hai, isakA nizcaya mAgha ke vizeSajJa hI kara sakate haiM / yadi yaha parivartana 10. udAharaNArtha - devAnanda 2.23. tu. ca., 2.40 tu. ca., 2.83, dvi. tR., 2.112, pra.dvi., 4.45. dvi. ca., 3.72, dvi. ca., . 11. udAharaNArtha- devAnanda, 2.12. pra. dvi. ca., 4.44, pra. dvi. ca. 12. udAharaNArtha- mAdha meghavijaya taDitAM gaNairiva (1.8) taDitAM guNairiva (1.8) udapradazanAMzubhiH (2.21) udaMdazanAMzubhiH (2.21) . sa zrutazravasaH sutaH (2.41) sa sutazravasaH sutaH (2.42) sargaH svArtha samIhate (2.65) sanasvArtha samIhate (2.68) yamasvasuzcitra ivodabhAraH (3.11) .............ivodavAhaH (3.11)

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232 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya svayaM samasyAkAra dvArA bhI kiyA gayA ho to bhI yaha samasyApUrti meM bAdhaka nahIM hai / samasyApUrti kI sArthakatA isa bAta meM hai ki samasyArUpa meM gRhIta caraNa kA prasaMga meM abhISTa bhinna artha kiyA jaae| meghavijaya isa kalA ke pAraMpata AcArya haiM / samasyApUrti meM unakI siddhahastatA kA anumAna isI se kiyA jA sakatA hai ki unhoMne mAgha ke atirikta meghadUta, naiSadha tathA kirAta kI samasyApUrti ke rUpa meM svataMtra kAvyoM kI scanA kI thii| / bhASA kA catura zilpI hone ke kAraNa meghavijaya ne mAghakAvya se gRhIta samasyAoM kA bahudhA sarvathA ajJAta tathA camatkArajanaka artha kiyA hai / vAMchita navIna artha nikAlane ke liye kavi ko ASA ke sAtha manamAnA khilavAr3a karanA par3A hai| kahIM usane mUla pATha ke visarma bathA anusvAra kA lopa kiyA hai, kahIM vibhaktiviparyaya, bacanabheda tathA kriyAbheda kara diyA hai| sandhibheda tathA zabdasthAnabheda kA bhI usane khula kara Azraya liyA hai / kintu kavi ne abhISTa artha kI prApti adhikatara mavIna padaccheda ke dvAsa kI hai / abhinava padaccheda ke dvArA yaha aise vicitra artha nikAlane meM saphala humA hai, jinakI kalpanA mAgha ne bhI nahIM kI hogii| isameM use pUrva caraNa kI padAvalI se bahuta sahAyatA milI hai| meghavijaya ne apane uddezya kI pUrti ke lie mASa kI bhASA ko kisa nirmamatA se tor3A-maror3A hai tathA usase kisakisa artha kA sakna kiyA hai, isakA AbhAsa nimnAMkita tAlikA se mila sakatA hai| sAya meghavijaya 1. kramAdamuM nArada ityabodhi saH (1.3) kramAd amunnArada ityabodhisaH / 1.3-4 [amud aharSaH tasya nAra: vikSepa: dhvaMsaH harSaH taM datte iti / ityabodhisaH ityA prApta vyA bodhisA jJAnalakSmIryasya saH] 2. dharAdharendraM vratatIlatIriva (1.5) bibhrataM dharA dharendraM vratatItatIriva / 1.6 (yathA vratatItatI: bibhrataM dharendraM prApya guNA dhikApi dharA atidurgamA rasarahitA bhavati) 3. purAtanaM tvA puruSaM purAvidaH (1.33) purAtanaM tvAM puruSaM purAvidaH / 1.34 ['yatra jabhantamujjaguH' yatra purANapuruSaM kRSNam AM lakSmI bhajantaM-jabhantaM-purAvidaH ujjaguH] 4. vilaMdhya laMkAM nikaSA haniSyati tamo'vadhevilaMdhyalaMkAM nikaSA haniSyati / 61.68) 1.71 [vAsudevaH cicchakti vidhRtya avadhevilaMdhi nissImaM tamaH pApaM rAhuM vA haniSyati /

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devAnandamahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi 233 kiMbhUtAM cicchakti ? araMkAm ugrAM dIptA nikaSA pAlave bAlatve'pi asmin bhave / yadvA alam atyartham, kAMcid anirvacanIyAm] 5. zerate te'bhimArutam (2.42) pradakSiNAkriyAyai smA''zerate te'bhimAktam / 2.43 [Azerate AzayaM cakruH pradakSiNAkriyAyai] 6. AsattimAsAdya janArdanasya (3.61) AsattimAsAdya'janArdanasya / 2.82 [A ISat Asatti nRpasya prApya ajanArdanasya mAriniSedhasya DhakkAM paTahaM vAdayati sma / kiMbhUtaH zraSThI? sAdI azvArUDhaH rAjaprasAdalabdhA'zvavAn / yadvA AsAdi sAdinam avadhIkRtya azvAroho'pi jIva rakSaka ityarthaH] 7. samA navapremaNi sAnurAgAH (4.27) 'samAnavapre maNisA nurAgAH / 4.36 [asamAnabapre atulyaprAkAre maNisA upAttadehA mUrtimartI tvaM maNisA ratnalakSmIH nurAgAH nuH manuSyasya atra pure AmA: AgataH] 8. sAratarAgamanA yatamAnam (4.45) sAratarAgamanA ytmaanm| 4.58 [aratarAgaM yad manaH tatsahitaH (sa-+arata rAga.+manAH) 'yatamAnam' yavanayA calantam]! 6. malinimAlini mAdhavayoSitAm milini mAlini mA'dhavayoSitAm / 6.8 (6/4) [ki bhUte jane malini arthAt sazoke / he mAlini / adhavayoSitAM puSpANi adya mA dAH] 10. anRtayA nRtayA vanapAdapaH (6.10) antayA'nRtayA vanapAdapaH / 6.15 [anRtayA asatyayA vikurvitayA anutayA aprAptayA / 'vanapAdapaH' vanaM jalaM pAtIti vanapo varuNaH tataH apa: vArINi vyamucat ambumucAM ghaTayA] devAnanda meM mAgha ke katipaya padya yathAvat, avikala, grahaNa kie gaye haiM, kiMtu akalpanIya padaccheda se kavi ne unase citra-vicitra tathA camatkArI artha kA savana kiyA hai / devAnanda ke tRtIya sarga ke prathama tIna padya mAgha ke usI sarga ke prathama padya haiM, para unake artha meM virATa antara hai| kavi ke Ipsita artha ko hRdayaMgama karanA sarvathA asambhava hotA yadi usane ina padoM para TippaNI likhane kI kRpA na kI hotii| eka udAharaNa se bAta spaSTa ho jaayegii|

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234 mAgha : jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya kauberadigbhAgamapAsya mArgamAgastyamuSNAMzurivAvatIrNaH / apetayuddhAbhinivezasaumyo harirhariprasthamatha pratasthe // 3.1 meghavijaya : kau beradigbhAgamapAsyamA rgamAgastyamuSNAMzurivAvatIrNaH / apetayuddhAbhini vezasaumyo harihariprasthamatha pratasthe // 3.1 'beradigbhAgam' uzca A ca vA tAbhyAM yuktA izca lazca dazca iladA: te santi asmin iti [ vA + ilada + in - veladI] veladI sa cAso g gakAra:, tena bhAti IdRza: a: akAraH tat gacchati prApnoti tat veladigbhAgam - ilAdugaMm -- ityarthaH / punaH kiMbhUtam ? 'gaMm' raM rakAraM gacchati prApnoti gaMm - ilA durgaM nAmnA pratItam / 'apAsmA' am arhantaM siddhaM pAti rakSati - apa: AsyamA mukhacandro yasya / mAs sakArAntaHcandravAcI / apetayud azca pA ca apau tayo: I: lakSmIH yasya IdRk taH takAraH tena yoti mizrIbhavati-apeyut / 'dhAbhini' na vidyate bhIH yasya abhiH sa cAso nIH nAyaka:: dho dhanadaH - tadvad abhinIryatra tad dhAbhini hariprastham / 'vezasaumyo' vA athavA IzazcAso saumyazca / pakSe 'beradigbhAgam' beraM zarIraM tasya dig dezaH janmabhUmiH tatra bhAnti IdRzA agAH parvatAstaravo vA yatra / 'Agastyam' Aga: aparAdhaH anyAyaH tyajati iti 'Da' pratyaye Agastyam / saumyaH hariH munIndraH hariprasthaM parvatataTaM prati pratasthe / , meghavijaya ne zizupAlavadha ke samasyApadoM kA navIna padaccheda ke binA bhI prAsaMgika bhinnArtha karake pAThaka ko camatkRta kiyA hai| isake liye usane kahIM samasyA ke pada / padoM kA svaracita vizeSya pada / padoM ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM anvaya kiyA hai, kahIM unakA vicitra padaccheda kiyA hai aura kahIM padoM ke ajJAta athavA apracalita artha . ke dvArA navArtha grahaNa kiyA hai / katipaya udAharaNoM se tathya kI puSTi hogI / 1. nanAma vAmAM samavekSya yaM zritaM hiraNyagarbhAgabhuvaM muni hariH / 1.1 hiraNyavat samujjvalA garbhAgam garbhAzayasthAnaM yasyAH tAm-IdRzI vAmAM mAtaraM zritam AzvitaM yaM pArzvajinaM muniM samavekSya hari indraH nanAma iti / 2. na cAstyamuSyA nagarIti me 'karot gurustavaivAgama eSa dhRSTatAm / 1.31 amuSyAH puryA: gurustavA adhikavarNanayogyA nagarI nAsti iti Agama: siddhAntaH dhRSTatAm akarot / 3. utkandharaM dAruka ityuvAca / 4.24 dArUNa ke mastake yasya sa bhAravAhI saMghasArathirvA / 4. tadabhinandanamAzu rajaH karNedivi tatA tatAna zukAvalI: / 6.63 tasya ASADhasya abhinandanaM vardhApanam / zukAvaliH zirISapuSparAjiH / 'zukaM granthiparNeralU - zirISapuSpayo:' iti anekArthaH /

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devAnandamahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi 235 mASakAvya se gRhIta samasyAoM kI saphala pUrti ke lie usI koTi kA, vastutaH usase bhI adhika, guru-gambhIra pANDitya apekSita hai / mAghakAvya kI bhAMti meghavijaya kI sarvatomukhI vidvattA kA paricaya to unake kAvya se nahIM milatA kyoMki devAnanda kI viSayavastu aisI hai ki usameM zAstrIya pANDitya ke prakAzana kA adhika avakAza nahIM hai / kintu apane kathya ko jisa pror3ha bhASA tathA alaMkRta zailI meM prastuta kiyA hai, usase spaSTa hai ki meghavijaya citramArga ke siddhahasta kavi haiN| unakI tathA mAgha kI bhASA-zailI meM kahIM bhI antara dikhAI nahIM detA / apane prayojana kI siddhi ke lie meghavijaya ne bhASA kA jo hRdayahIna utpIr3ana kiyA hai, usase jUjhatA-jUjhatA pAThaka jhaMjhalA uThatA hai tathA isa bhASAyI cakravyUha meM phaMsa kara vaha hatAza ho jAtA hai, parantu yaha zAbdI krIr3A tathA bhASAtmaka uchalakUda usake gahana pANDitya tathA bhASAdhikAra ke dyotaka haiM, isameM tanika saMdeha nhiiN| meghavijaya kA uddezya hI citrakAvya se pAThaka ko camatkRta karanA hai / samIkSA citrakAvya kI prakRti ke anurUpa devAnanda kI bhASA dhIra tathA gambhIra hai| meghavijaya bhASA kA jAdUgara hai / vaha cerI kI bhAMti usake saMketa para nAcatI hai| isI bhASAdhikAra ke bUte para vaha bhASA ke sAtha manamAnA khilavAr3a karane meM saphala huA hai, jisakA kucha saMketa Upara kiyA gayA hai / samasyApUrti ke kaThora bandhana ke kAraNa kavi ko, mAgha kI vikaTabandha bhASA ke samakakSa, jo padAvalI prayukta karanI par3I hai, vaha sahI artha meM kliSTa hai / mAgha kI padazayyA ko apane sAMce meM DhAla kara usase citra-vicitra artha nikAlanA kavi ke pANDitya tathA bhASAdhikAra kA dyotaka bhale ho, isase usakI bhASA kI sahajatA naSTa ho gayI hai tathA vaha dussAdhya kliSTatA se AkrAnta hai / kahIM-kahIM to usameM durUhatA kA samAveza ho gayA hai / isa prakAra ke padya bahuzruta paNDitoM liye bhI karArI cunautI hai| jagatpavitrarapi tannapAdaH spraSTuM jagatpUjyamayujyatA ss kH| yato bRhatpArvaNacandracAra tasyAtapatraM bibharAMbabhUve // 3. 2. . kavikRta TippaNiyoM ke binA inakA prAsaMgika artha samajhanA nitAnta asambhava samasyApUrti kliSTatA kI jananI hai / bhinna prasaMga meM, viziSTa uddezya se, racita samasyA-pada ke AdhAra para kAvyaracanA karane tathA usase navIna prAsaMgika artha nikAlane ke lie asIma racanA-kauzala, vyAkaraNa-pANDitya, kozajJAna tathA bhASAyI vidvattA apekSita hai, jo akalpanIya padaccheda tathA jJAtAjJAta artha rUpI bauddhika vyAyAma meM prakaTa hotI hai| meghavijaya isa kalA ke anupama malla haiM / devAnanda ke pariveza meM, mAgha kI padAvalI se abhISTa artha grahaNa karane ke liye, meghavijaya ne

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236 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya prakaraNa se spaSTa hai / svayaM usakA kisa prakAra nRzaMsa mardana kiyA hai, yaha pUrvokta vijaya kI bhASA bhI nirmama tor3a-maror3a ke binA apanA artha vivRta nahIM karatI / yamaka ne devAnanda kI bhASA kI kliSTatA ko durUhatA meM parivartita kara diyA hai| yamaramya caturtha sarga yamaka kI pragAr3hatA se kalaMkita hai para usakA bhayAvaha rUpa SaSTha sarga meM vidyamAna hai, jisakI graMthiyoM kA bhedana karate-karate pAThaka kA dhIraja TUTa jAtA hai / zlokA yamaka ke rUpa meM mAgha se gRhIta dvitIya tathA caturtha pAdoM ko apane sAMce meM DhAlane kI meghavijaya kI kalA camatkArajanaka avazya hai parantu vaha pAThaka ko hatotsAha karane kA amogha sAdhana hai / samasyApUrti kI cauhaddI meM banda hone ke kAraNa devAnanda kI bhASA meM bahudhA ekarUpatA dRSTigata hotI hai| zrRMgArika prakaraNoM meM bhI kavi yamaka ke gorakhadhandhe meM ulajhA rahA hai / kintu apanI parisImAoM meM raha kara bhI meghavijaya ne bhASA meM prasaMgAnusAra vaividhya lAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / prastuta paMktiyoM meM bhASA kI saralatA kA kucha AbhAsa milatA hai / vAsAMsi lajjAvadhaye dhRtAni svacchAni nArIkucamaNDaleSu / ratapravRttau zatadhA babhUvuH kva vonnatAnAM tanurbhinarodhaH // 3.64 latAmicchAkhiSu tatpravRtti hIrakSaNAyeva vadhUtAni / AkAzasAmyaM dadhurambarANi ratazramAmbhaH puSadAbritAni // 3.65 meghavijaya bhAvAnukUla padAvalI kA prayoga karane meM samartha hai, kintu devAnanda - jaise citrakAvya meM aise avasara bahuta kama haiN| usakI bhASA, cAhe usameM zRMgAra kI madhuratA ho athavA karuNarasa kI vikalatA, adhikatara kliSTatA se otaprota hai / devAnanda ko mahAkAvya kA rUpa dene kI AturatA ke kAraNa meghavijaya ne isameM nagara, parvata, SaDRtu Adi kA tatparatA se varNana kiyA hai / kintu kAvya meM inakA samAveza prakRticitraNa ke liye kama, mahAkAvya paripATI kA nirvAha karane ke liye adhika kiyA gayA hai / isIliye ve svAbhAvikatA se vaMcita haiM / unameM piSTapeSaNa adhika huA hai aura ve sAmAnyatA ke dharAtala se Upara nahIM uTha sake / yamaka tathA - citrakAvya kA AvaraNa kahIM-kahIM to usake saundarya ko pUrNataH Dhaka letA hai / smaraNIya hai ki chaThe sarga ke jisa bhAga meM Rtu varNana kiyA gayA hai vaha pAdayamaka se aisA saMkula hai ki prakRti usakI partoM meM chipa gayI hai / meghavijaya ne prakRti ke uddIpana kA adhika pallavana kiyA hai / zaratkAla kI cAMdanI rAteM, hemanta kI puSpita vanasthaliyAM tathA zItala samIra eka ora premI yugaloM kAmAveza ko bar3hAtI haiM, to dUsarI ora virahiyoM ke mana meM TIsa utpanna karatI haiN| ( 6.70-72 ) / devAnanda meM prakRti ko mAnava rUpa meM bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai yadyapi yaha bahuta virala haiN| prakRti kA mAnavIkaraNa mAnava tathA prakRti ke manorAgoM ke sAyujya

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devAnanda mahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi 237 kA udghoSa hai / prastuta paMktiyoM meM sUrya para pati, bhramaroM para jAra tathA kamalinI para patnI kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai / bhramaroM ko apanI priyA kamalinI kA cumbana karate dekha kara sUrya unheM apane pracaNDa karoM se pITa rahA hai / ravikarairnalinI pravibodhitA sarasijAsyamamI kathamApapuH / iha ruSA paruSA madhupavrajAnupari te paritepurato bhRzam / / 6.11 devAnanda meM svabhAvokti kA prAyaH abhAva hai, phira bhI eka-do sthaloM para prakRti ke sahaja rUpa kA citraNa mila hI jAtA hai / grISma Rtu meM dina lambe ho jAte haiM, navamallikA khilane lagatI hai tathA zirISa ke parAga se vAyumaNDala surabhita ho jAtA hai | ASAr3ha kA yaha svAbhAvika citra prastuta paMktiyoM meM aMkita huA hai, yadyapi isameM bhI yamaka kA raMga bharA huA hai / smitamiva sphuTayannavamallikAM zucirayaM cirayan divasAnabhAt / tadabhinandanamAzu rajaH karNedivi tatA vitatAna zukAvalIH // 3.63 citrakAvya meM jIvana ke marmasparzI prasaMgoM ke rasAtmaka citraNa kA adhika avasara nahIM hotA / isIliye devAnanda meM mahAkAvyocita tIvra rasAnubhUti kA abhAva hai / pahale kahA gayA hai ki zRMgAra rasa prastuta kAvya kI mUla prakRti ke anurUpa nahIM haiM, phira bhI isameM zRMgAra kA unmeSa huA hai / isakA kAraNa samasyApUrti kI paravazatA hai, jisane kavi kI pratibhA ko bandI banA liyA hai| tIsare, chaThe tathA sAtaveM sarga meM zRMgAra rasa kI chaTA dikhAI detI hai / sAbalI kI nAriyoM ke prastuta varNana meM zRMgAra kI mAdhurI hai / priyaiH priyairye vacasAM vilAsaH striyaH prasannA vihitA ratAntaH / sakhyAH zukastAnnivadaMstadAntevAsitvamApa sphuTamaMgamAnAm // 3.32 channeSvapi spaSTatareSu yatra pikAnuvAdAnmaNiteSu sakhyaH / pratyAyitAH saMgama raMga saukhyaM bheju svayaM jAtaphalAH kalAnAm // / 3.63 zRMgAra ke atirikta devAnanda meM zAnta tathA karuNa rasa kI bhI abhivyakti huI hai / dvitIya sarga meM kumAra vAsudeva kI mAtA use gArhasthya jIvana svIkAra karane ko prerita karatI hai kintu vaha jIvana kI anityatA tathA vaibhava kI caMcalatA se itanA abhibhUta hai ki use mAtA kI ApAtataH AkarSaka yuktiyAM arthahIna pratIta hotI haiM / usakI isa vRtti ke citraNa meM zAntarasa prasphuTita huA hai ( 2 / 11) / karuNarasa kA paripAka vijayadevasUri ke svargArohaNa se janatA meM vyApta zoka ke citraNa meM huA hai / adhikatara kAlidAsottara kaviyoM kI bhAMti meghavijaya kI karuNA cItkAra - krandana para AdhArita hai, jo hRdayasparzI hotI huI bhI mArmika nahIM hai / guruvapuSi nivezite'tha tasyAmarudadalaM janatA ghnatI svavakSaH / bahalakaruNayAluThad mumUcchaM kimapi rasena rasAntaraM bhajantI // 7.38

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238 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya ahaha dahati gAtramatra vahno jvalitamabhUd bhuvanaM zucA kimanyat / avahitamanasA janairna sUreH praNidadhire dayitaranaGgalekhAH // 7.41 devAnanda meM vAsudeva, sthira, rupA kanakavijaya, caturA Adi kaI pAtra haiM, kintu unakA caritra citrita karane meM kavi kI ruci nhiiN| vAsudeva (vijayadevasUri) kAvya kA nAyaka hai / vaha IDara ke dhanika vyApArI sthira kA putra hai| usake caritra kI pramukha vizeSatA nisspRhatA tathA viSayavimukhatA hai| mAtA kA Agraha tathA yuktiyAM bhI use bhoga meM pravRtta nahIM kara skiiN| usakI dRr3ha mAnyatA hai ki pAralaukika sukha kI tulanA meM sAMsArika bhoga tuccha haiM / saMyamI, muktisundarI kA hI pANigrahaNa karatA hai| isalie vaha dIkSA grahaNa karake yatipatha apanAtA hai tathA apanI pratibhA aura guNoM ke kAraNa zIghra hI AcArya pada prApta karatA hai| apane guru ke nidhana ke pazcAt ve samAja para ekacchatra zAsana karate haiM aura dharmavRddhi meM mahattvapUrNa yoga dete haiN| unake svargArohaNa para samAja meM jo ghanIbhUta zoka chA jAtA hai, vaha unakI garimA tathA pUjyatA kA sUcaka hai / rUpA kAvyanAyaka kI mAtA hai| usake pitA sthira dhanADhaya ibhya haiM / caturA eka zraddhAlu zrAvikA hai, jo vividha anuSThAnoM para pracura dhana kharca karatI hai tathA udAratApUrvaka dAna dekara puNyArjana karatI hai| meghavijaya alaMkAravAdI kavi hai / devAnanda meM kavi ne samasyApUrti-kauzala kI bhA~ti apanI alaMkAra-prayoga kI nipuNatA kA bhI pradarzana kiyA hai / alaMkAra citrakAvya ke anivArya avayava haiM / devAnanda meM jisa eka alaMkAra kA sAgraha vyApaka prayoga kiyA gayA hai, vaha yamaka hai| yaha meghavijaya kI apanI ruci tathA usake AdhArabhUta mAghakAvya ke prabhAva kA pariNAma hai| cauthe tathA chaThe sarga meM yamaka kA vikaTa rUpa dikhAI detA hai / kAvya meM yamaka kI yojanA citrakAvya ko pragAr3hatA pradAna karane ke lie kI gayI hai, jisase, ina prasaMgoM meM, samasyApUrtijanya kliSTatA dUnI ho gayI hai| Rtu-varNana vAle chaThe sarga meM kavi ne yamaka ke jhIne AvaraNa se bhAvapakSa kI durbalatA ko Dhakane kA viphala prayAsa kiyA hai / kAvya ke ina prakaraNoM ko par3hate samaya pAThaka ko bhayAnaka agniparIkSA se gujaranA par3atA hai| kAvya meM abhaMga tathA sabhaMga donoM prakAra ke yamaka kA prayoga huA hai / sabhaMga yamaka kA eka udAharaNa yahA~ diyA jAtA hai| sarojinIpatralavAdareNa dRSTomitA citralavA dareNa / rAjI sazobhA'jalajAtapatravihaMgamAnAM jljaa-tptrH||4.8 yamaka kA vidrUpa zlokAyamaka meM dikhAI detA hai, jahAM padya ke pUre eka gharaNa kI AvRtti kI jAtI hai| zizupAlavadha kI taraha devAnanda ke chaThe sarga meM pAdagramaka kI bharamAra hai|ek udAharaNa se kAvya ke pAdayamaka kI vikarAlatA kA

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devAnandamahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi - 236 AbhAsa mila skegaa| badhuradhikaruSaM striyo na rAgaM matanutarataye vasaMtA na kH| navasuramisumanajA'nyavamatanuta ratayeva santAnakaH // 6.78 yamaka ke pazcAt devAnanda meM upamA kA sthAna hai / meghavijaya ne apane upamAna prakRti, darzana, vyAkaraNa. lokavyavahAra tathA purAkathAoM se grahaNa kiye hai / vijayasiMhasUri kI AjJA kA atikramaNa karanA utanA asambhava thA jitanA devasenA ko abhibhUta karanA (3-67) / AcArya ke mukhAravinda se sudhAvarSI vANI aise nissRta huI jaise viSNu ke zarIra se prajA (3.68) / gurudeva kI vandanA ke lie loga nagarI se aise nikale jaise vidhAtA ke mukha se veda (3.100) / lokajIvana para AdhArita yaha upamA dekhiye / vAsudeva ne guru kI zuzrUSA se zAstrarasa isa prakAra pI liyA jaise dIpaka apanI bAtI se tela cUsa letA hai| zuzrUSayA guroreSa kRtsnazAstrarasaM ppau| dazAkarSa iva snehaM dazayA hyantarasthayA // 2.63 ___ina mukhya alaMkAroM ke atirikta devAnanda meM kAvyaliMga, virodhAbhAsa, utprekSA, arthAntaranyAsa, dRSTAnta, atizayokti, zleSa, yathAsaMkhyA, asaMgati, sahokti Adi alaMkAroM kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| chandoM ke prayoga meM meSavijaya ne zAstrIya vidhAna kA anuvartana kiyA hai| caturtha sarga meM nAnA vRttoM kA prayoga bhI zAstrAnukUla hai / isa sarga meM jina teIsa chandoM ko apanAyA gayA hai, unake nAma isa prakAra haiM - upajAti, vasantatilakA, puSpitAnA, dUta'vilambita, zAlinI, pathyA, praharSiNI, jaladharamAlA, vaMzastha, upendravajA, pramitAkSarA, kurarIrutA sragviNI, mattamayUra, dodhaka, maMjubhASiNI, AryAgIti, jaloddhatagati, rathodghatA, bhramaravilasitam, mAlinI, pRthvI tathA vaMzapatrapatitam / anya chaha sagoM kI racanA meM mukhyataH vaMzastha, anuSTup, upajAti, vasantatilakA drutavilambita tathA puSpitAnA kA Azraya liyA gayA hai| inake anta meM prayukta hone vAle chanda isa prakAra haiMpuSpitAgrA, zArdUlavikrIDita, aupacchandasika, drutavilambita, mAlinI, paMcakAvalI, zikhariNI, prabhA, svAgatA, toTaka, kuTilaka, mattamayUra tathA mandAkrAntA / kula milA kara devAnanda meM battIsa chanda prayukta hue haiN| inameM anuSTup kI pradhAnatA hai / meghavijaya ne katipaya apracalita athavA kama pracalita chandoM ke dvArA apane chandakozala kA pradarzana bhI kiyA hai| - devAnanda eka camatkRtipradhAna mahAkAvya hai / bhASAyI jAdUgarI ke dvArA apane racanAkauzala kA prakAzana karanA kavi kA abhISTa hai / isalie dharmAcArya ke carita 'para AdhArita huA bhI yaha citrakAvya kI kalAbAjiyoM se AkrAnta hai| isameM udAtta kavitva athavA jIvana darzana kA abhAva hai| devAnandamahAkAvya meghavijaya ke pANDitya kA paricAyaka hai tathA isakI zAbdI krIr3A kSaNika camatkAra bhI utpanna karatI hai kintu isakA mahattva bauddhika vyAyAma se adhika nahIM hai|

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saptasandhAnamahAkAvya : meghavijayamaNi saMskRta kaviyoM ne apane pANDitya tathA racanA-kauzala kI pratiSThA ke liye jina kAvya-zailiyoM ko mAdhyama banAyA hai, unameM nAnArthaka kAvyoM kI paramparA bahuta prAcIna hai| bhojakRta zRMgAraprakAza meM daNDI ke dvisandhAnakAvya kA ullekha hai| daNDI kA dvisandhAna to upalabdha nahIM hai, kintu unakI citrakAvya-zailI ne paravartI kaviyoM ko itanA prabhAvita kiyA ki sAhitya meM zAstrakAvyoM kI bhAMti nAnArthaka kAvyoM kI eka abhinava vidhA kA sUtrapAta huA tathA isa koTi kI racanAoM kA pracura nirmANa hone lgaa| jaina kaviyoM ne saptasandhAna, caturviMzatisandhAna tathA zatArthaka kAvya likhakara isa bhASAyI jAdUgarI ko carama sImA taka pahuMcA diyA hai| anekasandhAna kAvya meM zleSavidhi athavA vilomarIti se eka sAtha ekAdhika kathAoM ke gumphana ke dvArA kAvya-racayitA ko bhASAdhikAra tathA racanA-naipuNya pradarzita karane kA abAdha avakAsa mila jAtA hai / ataH AtmajJApana ke zaukIna paNDita-kaviyoM kA idhara pravRtta jhenA svAbhAvika thaa| - jaina kavi mekjiyagaNi kA saptasandhAnamahAkAvya' citrakAvya-zailI kA utkarSa hai| sAhitya kA Adima saptasandhAna kalikAlasarvajJa AcArya hemacandra kI ucara lekhanI se prasUta huA thaa| usakI aprApti se utpanna khinnatA ko dUra karane ke liye meghaviSaya ne prastuta saptasaMdhAna kI racanA kI hai / isake nau sagoM meM jainadharma ke pA~ca tIrthakaroM-RSabhadeva, zAntinAtha, neminAtha, pAravanAtha, mahAvIra tathA puruSottama rAma aura kRSNa vAsudeva kA parita zleSavidhi se gumphita hai| kAvya meM yadyapi ina mahApuruSoM ke jIvana ke katipaya mahattvapUrNa prakaraNoM kA hI nibandhana huA hai, kintu unheM eka sAtha citrita karane ke dussAdhya kArya kI pUrti ke liye kavi ko vikaTa citrazailI tathA ucchaMkhala zAbdI krIDA kA Azraya lenA par3A hai jisase kAvya vavat durbhadya bana gayA hai / TIkA ke jalapAtheya ke binA kAvya ke marusthala ko pAra karanA sarvathA asambhava hai| vijayAmRtasUri ne apanI vidvattApUrNa 'saraNI' se kAvya kA marma vivRta karane kA prazaMsanIya prayAsa kiyA hai yadyapi kahIM-kahIM 'saraNI' bhI spaSTa tathA ninti nahIM hai| 1.jana-sAhitya-varSaka samA, sUrata se saraNI sahita prakAzita, vikrama sambat 2000 / 2. bhI hamacanapUrIza saptasaMdhAnamAvimam / ... racitaM tadalAbhe tu stAdidaM tuSTaye satAm // saptasaMdhAna, prazasti, 2 /

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saptasamdhAnamahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi saptasandhAna kA mahAkAvyatva saptasaMdhAna ke karttA kA mukhya uddezya citrakAvya kI racanA meM apanI vaidagdhI kA prakAzana karanA hai, aura isa lakSya ke sammukha usake liye kAvya ke anya dharma gauNa haiM; tathApi isameM prAya: ve sabhI tattva kisI na kisI rUpa meM vidyamAna haiM, jinheM prAcIna lakSaNakAroM ne mahAkAvya ke liye Avazyaka mAnA hai / saMskRta mahAkAvya kI rUDha paramparA ke anusAra prastuta kAvya kA Arambha cAra maMgalAcaraNAtmaka padyoM se huA hai, jinameM jinezvaroM tathA anya kAvya' nAyakoM aura vAgdevI kI vandanA kI gayI hai / kAvya ke Arambha meM sajjanaprazaMsA, durjana - nindA, sannagarI- varNana Adi baddhamUla rUDhiyoM kA bhI nirvAha huA hai / raghuvaMza kI bhAMti saptasaMdhAna nAnA nAyakoM ke caritra para AdhArita hai, jo dhIrodAtta guNoM se sampanna mahApuruSa haiN| isakA kathAnaka jaina sAhitya tathA samAja meM, AMzika rUpa se jainetara sAhitya meM bhI pracalita tathA jJAta hai / ata: ise 'itihAsa - prasUta' ( khyAta) mAnanA nyAyocita hai / saptasaMdhAna meM yadyapi mahAkAvyocita rasArdratA kA abhAva hai, tathApi isameM zAntarasa kI pradhAnatA mAnI jA sakatI hai / zRMgAra, vIra tathA karuNa rasa kI halkI-sI rekhA dikhAI detI hai / caturvarga meM se isakA uddezya mokSaprApti hai / kAvya ke caritanAyaka kaivalyaprApti ke pazcAt tapobala se zivatva prApta karate haiN| mAnava jIvana kI carama pariNati satata sAdhanA se janma-maraNa ke cakra se mukti prApta karanA hai, bhAratIya saMskRti kA yaha mahAn Adarza hI kAvya meM pratidhvanita hai / meghavijaya kA chandaprayoga zAstrAnukUla hai / isameM bhASAgata praur3hatA (kliSTatA), vidvattA pradarzana kI adamya pravRtti, gambhIra- garbhita zailI tathA vastuvyApAra ke mahAkAvyasulabha vistRta tathA alaMkRta varNana bhI dRSTigocara hote haiM / ataH saptasaMghAna ko mahAkAvya mAnane meM hicaka nahIM ho sakatI / svayaM kavi ne zrIka tathA pratyeka sarga kI puSpikA meM ise mahAkAvya sajJA pradAna kI hai' / racanAkAla 141 devAnandamahAkAvya ke samAna saptasaMdhAna kA racanAkAla sunizcita hai / prAntaprazasti ke anusAra saptasandhAna kI racanA saMvat 1760 (san 1703 I0 ) meM huI thii| 3. zrI barhadAcaH kRtazAntisargaH samudrajanmAnavarAjavargaH / zrIpArzvanAthaH zubhavarddhamAnaH triyAmirAmastamiha smarAmaH // saptasaMdhAna, 1.2 4. mukhena doSAkaracat samAnaH sadA-sadambhaH savane sazaucaH / kAvyeSu sadbhAvanayAnamUDhaH kiM vankhate sajjanavanna nIcaH ? // / vahI, 1.5 ] 5. iti zrI saptasaMdhAne mahAkAvye rAjyAMka avatAravarNano nAma prathamaH sargaH / 100001

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242 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya biyAsamunInyUnAM (1760) pramANAt privttre| .... huto'yamudhamaH pUrvAcAryacaryApratiSThitaH // 3 // aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambhika varSoM kI racanA hone ke nAte, ise sAmAnyataH bAlocya yuga ke mahAkAvyoM meM sthAna denA ucita nahIM hai| meghavijaya kA sthitikAla satarahavIM zatAbdI hai| unakI anya sabhI racanAeM satarahavIM zatI meM hI praNIta huI / saptasaMdhAna unakI jIvana kI sandhyA kI kRti hai / kathAnaka . saptasaMdhAna nau sargoM kA mahAkAvya hai, jisameM pUrvokta sAta mahApuruSoM ke jIvana carita eka sAtha anusyUta haiM / bahudhA zleSa-vidhi se varNita hone ke kAraNa jIvanavRtta kA isa prakAra gumphana huA hai ki vibhinna nAyakoM ke carita ko alaga karanA kaThina hai / ataH kathAnaka kA sAmAnya sAra dekara yahA~ sAtoM mahApuruSoM ke jIvana kI pramukha ghaTanAe~ pRthak-pRthak dI jA rahI haiN| - avatAravarNana nAmaka prathama sarga meM, maMgalAcaraNa Adi rUDhiyoM ke pazcAt bhAratavarSa, caritanAyakoM ke pitAoM', madhyadezameM sthita unakI rAjadhAniyoM, lokopayogI zAsana-vyavasthA - mAtAoM ke svaprarzana, devacyavana tathA garmadhAraNadeg kA varNana hai| dvitIya sarga meM devAMganAoM dvArA garbhiNI mAtAoM kI sevA tathA caritanAyakoM kA janma", rakSAmaMgala Adi varNita hai / unake dharA para avatIrNa hote hI samasta roga zAnta ho jAte haiM tathA prajA kA abhyudaya hotA hai| tRtIya sarga meM navajAta zizuoM ke janmAbhiSeka, nAmakaraNa aura kAlAntara meM unake vidyAdhyayana, vivAha tathA zAsana kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| unake zAsana ke prabhAva se sarvatra zAnti tathA samRddhi kI pratiSThA huI aura anIti, durvyasana, daridratA, ajJAna Adi durguNa tatkAla vilIna ho 6. RSabhadeva : nAbhi, zAntinAtha : vizvasena, neminAtha : samudravijaya, pArzvanAtha : ___ azvasena, mahAvIra : siddhArtha, rAma : dazaratha, kRSNa : vAsudeva (saptasaMdhAna, 1.54) 7. nAbhi tathA dazaratha : ayodhyA, vizvasena : hastinApura, samudravijaya : zauryapura, azvasena : vArANasI, siddhArtha : brAhmaNDakuNDa, vasudeva : mathurA (1.36) 8. lokasya kasyApi na duHkhaleza : kleza : kuto'nyonyayudhAyudhAnAm / vahI, 1.56 9. RSabha : marudevI, zAntinAtha : acirA, neminAtha : zivA, pAva : vAmA, rAma : kauzalyA, kRSNa : devakI (vahI, 1.61), mahAvIra : trizalA (1.65) . 10. tatrAvatIrNastridazAvatArI sura : prabhAbhAsura eva kazcit / . ApannasattvA maNineva bhUmi rAjI vireje garabhA'nubhAvAt // vahI, 1.76 11. mRge'gasAre'kavido : prabhAdau karmodaye devaguro : sudhAMzo / . zanestulAbhevuSame sukAvye tamovyaye'bhUnjinadevajanma // vahI, 2.15

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saptasandhAnamahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi 243 gaye / pUjyarAjyavarNana nAmaka caturtha sarga ke prathama caudaha pacoM meM mukhyataH Adiprabhu ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke liye devatAoM ke Agamana, RSabhadeva kI santAnotpatti tathA unakI prajA kI sukha-samRddhi kA varNana hai / agale solaha padyoM kA pramukha viSaya kRSNacarita hai, jisake antargata kaurava-pANDavoM ke vara, chUtakrIDA, draupadI ke cIraharaNa, kezakarSaNa, dvaitavana meM kIcaka ke draupadI ke prati praNaya-prastAva tathA dIkSAgrahaNa Adi kI carcA hai| sarga ke zeSAMza meM tIrthaMkaroM dvArA rAjyatyAga tathA pravrajyA grahaNa karane kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| paMcama sarga meM, kAvya meM varNita pAMca tIrthaMkaroM ke vihAra, tapazcaryA, pAraNA tathA upasarga-sahana kA varNana hai| aneka prAkRtika tathA bhautika kaSTa saha kara ve tapa se karmoM kA kSaya karate haiM / chaThe sarga meM jinendra karmakSaya tathA tapazcaryA se kaivalyajJAna5 prApta karake syAdvAda paddhati se upadeza dete haiN| unakI dezanA se dharA vikRti se mukta, puNyapravRtti se yukta tathA satkItti se dhavalita ho gyii| sAtaveM sarga meM chaha paramparAgata RtuoM kA varNana hai| tIrthaMkaroM kI samavasaraNa meM bhAvI cakravartI bharata, anya rAjAoM ke sAtha unakI sevA meM upasthita hote haiM / digvijayavarNana nAmaka aSTama sarga meM RSabhadeva ke putra bharata kI digvijaya, tIrthaMkaroM ke sAMvatsarika dAna tathA mokSaprApti kA varNana hai| naveM sarga meM mukhyataH jinezvaroM ke gaNadharoM kI paramparA kA varNana hai| isa prasaMga meM rAma tathA kRSNa ke carita se sambandhita katipaya ghaTanAoM ko bhI sameTA gayA hai| ___ isa prakAra kAvya meM sAmAnyatayA sAtoM nAyakoM ke mAtA-pitA, rAjadhAnI, mAtAoM ke svapnadarzana, garbhAdhAna, dohada, kumArajanma, bAlakrIr3A, vivAha, rAjyAbhiSeka Adi ghaTanAoM tathA pAMca tIrthaMkaroM kI lokAntika devoM kI abhyarthanA, sAMvatsarika dAna, dIkSA, tapazcaryA, pAraNA, kevalajJAnaprApti, samavasaraNa-racanA, dezanA, nirvANa, gaNadhara Adi prasaMgoM kA varNana hai| vibhinna mahApuruSoM ke jIvana kI jina viziSTa ghaTanAoM kA nirUpaNa kAvya meM huA hai, ve isa prakAra haiN| AdinAtha .. bharata ko rAjya denA (4 / 34), nami-vinamikRta sevA, dharaNendra dvArA unheM 12. vahI, 3.40 13. kAntAvariSThavacasA bharate nyadhAyi svAptAgrajanmani pare vnvaasvRttiH| vahI, 4.34 14. evaM bhAvanayA devazchettuM mohamahAdrumam / samAruhya guNasthAnamArebhe kSapakodyamam // vahI, 6.6 15. prAptaH pUrimatAlAkhyasakhyopavanadhAraNAm / kAMcanAdrikriyAmAdhat smaadhaanopdeshtH|| vahI, 6.25 16. svAmI jagAda syAdvAdapaddhatyA madhuraM vacaH / vahI, 6.27

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-244 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya Ane se pUrva - prabhu kA vihAra ( 5.2 - 9 ), bharata kA SaTkhaNDasAdhana (8.1-12 ), aminI sundarI kI dIkSA | vidyA tathA bala denA, vaitADhya para unakA sukhabhoga (5.14), bAhubali ke udyAna meM samavasaraNa meM bharata kA Agamana ( 7.41 ) chadmAvasthA meM bAhubali kA takSazilA jAnA, zAntinAtha neminAtha pArzvanAtha zivaharaNa (1.2) tathA SaTkhaNDavijaya dvArA cakravartitva kI prApti / rAjImatI kA tyAga ( 3.22) / kaligapati yavanarAja ko parAsta karanA, meghamAlikumAra kA upasarga tathA pArzva dvArA use pUrva pada pradAna karanA ( 5.26) / mahAvIra garbhaharaNa, gozAla ke sAtha vihAra siMha nAmaka grAmAdhikArI dvArA gozAla para khaDga-prahAra, (5.20), saMgamadeva, nAgakumAra kA upasarga ( 5.33), dezanA se meghakumAra aura abhayakumAra kA cAritrya grahaNa karanA ( 7.38), durgandhikA kA saMyamagrahaNa aura yavanakumAra kA bodha ( 7.39), abhayakumAra ke dIkSA grahaNa karane se cillaNA ke putra koNika kA rAjA bananA ( 7.41 ) / rAmacandra sItAsvayamvara (3.34), dhanubhaMga ( 3.31), vanagamana ( 3.34, 4.34), bharata ko rAjya denA ( 4.34), mleccha senApati dvArA sItAharaNa kA prayAsa, rAma ke zastra uThAne para usa dvArA kSamAyAcanA ( 5.16 ), zambUkavadha ( 5.20 ), kharadUSaNavadha (5.22), cAraNarSi ke prabhAva se gandha pakSI kA jaTAyu ke rUpa meM parivartana ( 5.19), rAvaNa kA kapaTaprayoga (5.22), svarNamRga (4.31), jaTAyuvadha ( 5.31), sItA haraNa ( 5.30), sugrIva se maitrI ( 5.51), hanumAn kA dautya ( 5.35), rAvaNa ke viruddha prayANa ( 5.45 ) rAvaNa kI cintA (5.55), vibhISaNa kA pakSa - tyAga ( 5.23), meghanAda dvArA hanumAn ko bandI banAnA ( 5.38 ), lakSmaNa para zakti prahAra ( 6.49), rAma kI vijaya ( 6.54), vibhISaNa kA rAjyAbhiSeka ( 7.32), sItA kI agniparIkSA ( 7.32), bahu-vivAha (6.11), sapatniyoM ke dveSa ke kAraNa sItA kA nirvAsana ( 6.12 ), sItA dvArA dIkSA grahaNa karanA ( 6 : 14), rAma kI zatruMjaya yAtrA, mokSaprApti ( 8.16) / kRSNacandra rukmaNI-vivAha (6.54), kaMsa kA vivAha ke samaya devakI ko keza khIMca kara mArane kA prayAsa ( 4.38), kuvalayavaMdha ( 5.1), kaMsavadha ( 5.40), kaMsa ke

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-saptasandhAnamahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi 245 sthAna para ugrasena ko siMhAsanAsIna karanA (1.5.26), pradyumna -viyoma, pradyumna dvArA duryodhana kI kanyA kA haraNa (5.30), kAlIyadamana (5.38), dvArakA ke nirmANa ke liye aSTAhnika tapazcaryA (5.12), dvArakAvAsa (4.34,5.41), dvArakA-dahana (9.15), aniruddha kA tathA bhAnu kA duryodhana kI putrI ke sAtha vivAha (5.25), yAdavoM kI atyadhika madira sakti ke kAraNa kRSNa kA vanagamana (6.15), zarIratyAga (8.16,9.15), balabhadra kA kRSNa ke zava ko uThA kara ghUmanA (6.16), zizupAla evaM jarAsaMdha kA vadha / / unake atirikta kRSNa kA pANDavoM ke sAtha ghaniSTha sambandha hone ke kAraNa mahAbhArata ke aneka prasaMgoM kI bhI carcA kAvya meM huI hai, jinameM ye ullekhanIya haiMpANDavajanma (4.16),draupadI-svayamvara (4.21), dyUta,draupadI kA cIraharaNa (4.22), pANDavoM kA dvaitavana meM vAsa, kIcaka kI nIcatA (4.30), kali dvArA nala ko chalanA (4.32), karNa kI vIratA (5.24), dharmayuddha (5.27), abhimanyu kI jalakrIDA (5.33), usakA vadha (7.22), bhIma dvArA bakAsura kA vadha (6.12), nakula kI vIratA, zalya kA vadha (6.12) mahAbhArata yuddha meM droNa, bhISma, duHzAsana Adi kA vadha (6.55, 7.12) / kAvya kA kathAnaka nagaNya hai| caritranAyakoM ke jIvana ke katipaya prasaMgoM ko prastuta karanA hI kavi kA abhISTa hai| ina ghaTanAoM ke nirUpaNa meM bhI kavi kA dhyeya apanI vidvattA tathA racanA-kauzala ko baghAranA rahA hai| isase kathAnaka ke sAmUhika rUpa meM kyA vaicitrya paidA hotA hai, isakI use cintA nahIM hai / ataH kAvya meM varNita ghaTanAoM kA anukrama asta-vyasta ho gayA hai| katipaya prasaMgoM kI punarukti bhI huI hai| rAma tathA kRSNa ke caritra se sambandhita sItA-vivAha, dhanubhaMga, vanagamana, kharadUSaNa-yuddha, vibhISaNa kA pakSatyAga, rukmiNI-vivAha Adi kucha aisI ghaTanAe~ haiM, jinakI kAvya meM, pratyakSataH athavA prakArAntara se, ekAdhika bAra AvRtti kI gayI hai| rAma ke jIvana ke nirUpaNa meM, ghaTanAoM meM kramabaddhatA kA khedajanaka abhAva hai| udAharaNArtha, rAma kI patniyoM, svarNamRga aura vAnaroM ke sAtha rAma kI mitratA kA ullekha pahale huA hai, sItA svayaMmvara, vanagamana tathA rAma ke anuyAyiyoM ke ayodhyA lauTane kI carcA bAda meM / jaTAyuvadha se pUrva sItAharaNa, vibhISaNa ke pakSatyAga, zambUkavadha, hanumAna ke dautya, mAyA-sugrIva ke sAtha rAma ke yuddha kA nirUpaNa karanA hAsyAspada hai| isI prakAra sItA kI agni-parIkSA ke pazcAt dhanubhaMga tathA citrakUTa-gamana kA ullekha karanA kavi kI paravazatA kA dyotaka hai| ___ kAvya meM rAmakathA kA jana rUpAntara pratipAdita hai| phalataH rAma kA ekapatnItva kA Adarza yahA~ samApta ho gayA hai| ve bahuvivAha karate haiM / sItA ke atirikta unakI tIna anya patniyoM ke nAmoM (prabhAvatI, ratiprabhA, zrIdAmA) kA ullekha

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya kAvya meM huA hai| sapatniyoM ke SaDyantra ke kAraNa rAma ko sItA kI saccaritratA para sandeha ho jAtA hai, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa ve usa gabhiNI ko rAjya se niSkAsita kara dete haiM (9.12) / rAma ke suvijJAta putroM, kuza aura lava kA sthAna yahA~ anaMgalavaNa tathA madanAMkuza ne le liyA hai| (da. 13) / jaina rAmAyaNa ke anurUpa hI rAma zatraMjaya kI yAtrA karate haiM tathA pravrajyA grahaNa karake mokSa prApta karate haiM / kAvya meM nirUpita jinezvaroM kA carita bhI kramabhaMga se mukta nahIM hai| udAharaNArtha, 324 meM tIrthaMkaroM ke vidyAdhyayana ke ullekha se pUrva 3/22 meM unakI patniyoM kA nAmollekha Azcaryajanaka hai| isI prakAra unake dvArA saMsAratyAga kA ullekha pahale huA hai, zAsana kA bAda meM (kramaza: 3.34, 3. 40) / kAvya kA saptasandhAnatva sAta vyaktiyoM ke carita ko eka sAtha gumphita karanA dussAdhya kArya hai| prastuta kAvya meM yaha kaThinAI isaliye aura bar3ha gayI hai ki yahA~ jina mahApuruSoM kA jIvanavRtta nibaddha hai, unameM se pA~ca jainadharma ke tIrthaMkara haiM, anya do hindU dharma ke ArAdhya deva, yadyapi jaina sAhitya meM bhI ve ajJAta nahIM haiM / kavi ko apane uddezya kI pUrti meM saMskRta kI saMzliSTa prakRti se sabase adhika sahAyatA milI hai / zleSa aisA alaMkAra hai jisake dvArA kavi bhASA meM itane artha bhara detA hai ki jo jitanA cAhe vAcaspatya kre| bahuzruta TIkAkAra bhASA ko icchAnusAra anvita athavA khaNDita karake abhISTa (anabhISTa bhI) artha nikAla sakatA hai / isIliye saptasandhAna meM zleSa kI nirbAdha yojanA kI gayI hai, jisase kAvya kA sAtoM pakSoM meM artha grahaNa kiyA jA sake / kintu yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki saptasandhAna ke pratyeka padya ke sAta artha nahIM haiN| vastutaH kAvya meM aise padya bahuta kama haiM, jinake sAta svatantra artha kiye jA sakate haiN| adhikAMza padyoM ke tIna artha nikalate haiM, jinameM se eka jinezvaroM para ghaTita hotA hai| zeSa do kA sambandha rAma tathA kRSNa se hai| tIrthaMkaroM kI nijI vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa kucha padyoM ke cAra, pA~ca athavA chaha artha bhI kiye jA sakate haiM / jina padyoM ke sAta artha kiye gaye haiM, unameM katipaya padoM ke bhinna arthoM ke dvArA unheM vibhinna caritanAyakoM para ghaTita kiyA gayA hai / pUrNatayA svatantra sAta artha vAle padya kAvya meM virale hI hoMge / kucha padya to zleSa se sarvathA mukta haiM tathA unakA kevala eka artha hai| yahI artha sAtoM caritanAyakoM para caritArtha hotA hai| yahI prastuta kAvya kA saptasandhAnatva hai| kavi kI yaha ukti-kAvye'sminnata eva sapta kathitA arthAH samarthAH zriyai (4.42)-bhI isI artha meM sArthaka hai| - jo padya bhinna-bhinna arthoM ke dvArA sAtoM pakSoM para ghaTita hote haiM. unameM dhyaktiyoM ke anusAra eka vizeSya hai, anya pada usake vizeSaNa / anya pakSa meM artha karane para vizeSaNoM meM se prasaMgAnusAra eka pada vizeSya kI padavI para AsIna

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saptasandhAnamahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi 247 ho jAtA haiM, pUrva vizeSya sahita anya pada usake vizeSaNa bana jAte haiM / i prakAra pAThaka ko sAtoM abhISTa artha prApta ho jAte haiM / udAharaNArtha sAtoM caritanAyakoM ke pitAoM ke nAma prastuta padya meM samAviSTa ho gaye haiM / avanipatirihAsId vizvaseno'zvaseno'pyatha dazarathanAmnA yaH sanAbhiH surezaH r balivijayisamudraH prauDhasiddhArthasaMjJaH prasRtamaruNatejastasya bhUkazyapasya // / 1.54 isa vidhi se sAta kAvyanAyakoM kI janmatithiyoM kA ullekha bhI eka padya meM: kara diyA gayA hai / jyeSThe'si vizvahite sucetre vasuprame zuddhanabho'rthameye / sAMke dazAhe divase sapaudhe janirjanasthAjani vItadoSe / / 2.16 vastutaH kavi ke lie yaha vidhi itanI upayogI hai ki kAvyanAyakoM kI sAmUhika vizeSatAoM athavA anya mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAoM ke nirUpaNa meM usane isa zailI kA khulakara Azraya liyA hai / caritanAyakoM kI janmabhUmi (1.36 -40 ), mAtAoM ke nAma, cyavana tithi (1.78) tathA kaivalyaprApti kI tithiyoM (6.63) Adi ko isI prakAra saralatA se nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / prastuta padya meM kAvyanAyakoM ke cAritrya grahaNa karane kA varNana eka sAtha huA hai / jAtermahAvratamadhatta jineSu mukhyastasmAtpare'hani sa-zAnti-samudrabhUrvA / 2 zrI pArzva eva paramo'caramastu mArge rAme'krameNa kakubhAmanubhAvanIye // 4.36 kavi ke 'sandhAna' kA vidrUpa vahA~ dikhAI detA hai, jahA~ padyoM se vibhinna artha: nikAlane ke liye aisI saMzliSTa bhASA prayukta kI gayI hai jo racanA-cAturya tathA durUhatA kA kIrtimAna hai / pA~caveM tathA chaThe sarga meM yaha pravRtti carama sImA ko pahu~ca gayI hai / paMcama sarga meM aise padyoM kI bharamAra hai jo ApAtataH rAma athavA kRSNa carita se sambandhita pratIta hote haiM parantu unameM pRthak athavA sAmUhika rUpa meM, anya nAyakoM ke jIvana ke katipaya prakaraNa bhI antarnihita haiM / chaThe sarga kI sthiti isake viparIta hai / isake adhikatara bhAga meM jinendroM kA vRtta nirUpita hai, zeSAMza kA, UparI dRSTi se rAma tathA kRSNa se sambandha pratIta hotA hai / saptama sarga ke tathAkathita Rtu varNana ko bhI carita nAyakoM para ghaTAne kI ceSTA kI gayI hai / padyoM ko vividha pakSoM para caritArtha karane ke lie TIkAkAra ne jAne-mAne padyoM ke aise citravicitra artha kiye haiM ki pAThaka TIkAkAra kI vidvattA tathA bhedaka dRSTi se camatkRta to hotA hai, kintu TIkA ke cakravyUha meM kAvya ke vajra se jUjhatA - jUjhatA vaha hatAza ho jAtA hai / nimnokta padya kI padAvalI pANDava pakSa kA AbhAsa detI hai kintu kavi kA uddezya isameM mukhyataH vasanta kA varNana karanA hai / TIkA kI sahAyatA ke binA koI viralA hI isase abhISTa artha nikAla sakatA hai / duHzAsanasya purazAsanajanmanaiva saMprApito'dhvaniyamo vighaTotkaTatvAt /

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248 jaina saMskRta mahAkAnmaH anyemimApujayito gulgauravArhA ste koravA api kRtA hatacauravAcaH // 7.12 purazAsanajanmanaiva puraM kusumadalavRttiM zAsti vighaTayatIti purazAsamo vasantaH 'puraM dehe mehe kusumadalavRtto carmaNi pradhAnanAme' iti zabdastomamahAnidhiH, tasya janma udayastena duHzAsanasya duHkhena zAsyate sahyate iti duHzAsanaM himam, tasya vighaTotkaTasvAt vighaTe vinAze utkaTatvAt ucchRkhalatvAt adhvanaH mArgasya niyamaH gamanapratibandha: saMprAptitaH samApta: madhumAdhave gamanasya prazastataratvAt gamananirodho nivAritaH / anye abhimanyujayino'bhimanyante prazasyante janairiti abhimanyavaH jAtyAdikusumavizeSAH te ca te jayinazceti abhimanyujayinaH prazastatarA jAtIyakusumAni gurumahAn yo gauravaH garIyastvam tadarhA tadyogyAH ko pRthivyAM ravA: prasiddhA: te hRtacauravAca: kRtA hRtA nivRttAH cauravAcaH ekAntasmaraNAni yeSAM te kRtAH, teSAnnAmApi kairapi naH gRhyata iti bhAvaH / na syAjjAtIya vasante iti sAhityadarpaNasmaraNAt / - anyArthe purazAsanajanmanaiva"..."purazAsano vAyustasmAjjanma yasya tena bhImasenena yadvA purazAsanaH purandara: tato janma yasya tena arjunena vighaTotkaTatvAt vi viparItaM viruddhaM vA ghaTayatyAcaratIti vighaTa: viruddhAcAra: draupadIcIrAdhAkarSakatvAdityarthaH tena utkaTa:""tasmAt duHzAsanasya tadabhidhAnakoravastha adhvaniyamaH adhvano mArgasya niyama antaH, ataHparaM gantavyanna vartate iti nizcayaH mahAprasthAnamityarthaH saMprApitaH upalambhitaH tathA anye gurugauravArhAH (bhISmAdayaH) vinaSTamuSTavacanAH kRtAH te'pi mRtA aMprazaMsAhazci jAtAH iti bhAvaH / - prastuta padha meM rAmacarita ke kucha prasaMga anusyUta haiM kiMtu TIkAkAra ne anya kAvyanAyakoM ke pakSa ke artha bhI nikAle haiM / yaha dussAdhya kArya kaise sambhava huA, isakA bodha TIkA se hI ho sakatA hai| - atha vidhivazAt sthityAH pUtau vane hatadaNDake : sabalahariNA vidyAsiddhe kharAtmani niSThite / - mavati samare jaha rakaHprabhurgasudhAMgajAM __ svamanujamite rAme mithyAmati svavimAnadhIH // 5.30 ___ atha hatadaNDake daNDayati bibhISati iti daNDakaH bhayakArakaH hataH nirastaH daNDako yatra tasmin jinendrAgamanaprabhAvAt pArasparikavirodho'pi zAnta itibhAvaH / nirbhaye vane vidhivazAt sthityA: dhAraNAyA mukterityartha....."pUttauM pUrtinimittAya muktinimittAyeti tattvaM sabalahariNA harati pApamiti hariH sabalazcAsI harizceti sabalaharistena vidyAsiddhe adhyAtmajJAnasiddha sampanne sati ataeva kharAtmani niSThite kAme pratihate vasudhAMgajAM vasu kRSNatAM dadhAtIti vasudhA cAso kRSNA aMgajA kabarI ceti vasudhAMgajAM tAM jaha hRtavAn luluce / samare samaM samatA rAti arpayati sarvata iti samarasta

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saptasandhAnamahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi smin samabhAve bhavati prasarati rakSaHpramuH rakSaNakapravaNaH svavimAnaSI::... dehAbhimAnaH rahitaH svamanujamite rAme svasya manumanvaM vicArazaktiH tasmAjjAtaH svamanujaH svaskara vicAraNAtaH tema mite anumite rAme AtmAnandabhave amithyAmati nirmalAM dRDhAM buddhi cakre iti shessH| zlokAyamaka se Acchanna nimnokta prakAra ke padyoM ke bhI pAThaka se jaba nAnIM artha karane kI AkAMkSA kI jAtI hai, to vaha sira dhunane ke atirikta kyA kara sakatA nAgAhata-vivAhena tatmaNe sadRzaH shriyHH| nAgAhata-vivAhena tatkSaNe sadRzaH miyaH // 6,54 'bhASA saptasandhAna bhASAyI khilavAr3a hai / kAvya ko nAnA arthoM kA bodhaka banAne kI AturatA ke kAraNa kavi ne jisa padAvalI kA gumphana kiyA hai, vaha pANDitya tathA racanA-kauzala kI parAkASThA hai / sAyAsa prayukta bhASA meM jisa kRtrimatA tathA kaSTasAdhyatA kA A jAnA svAbhAvika hai, saptasandhAna usase bharapUra hai| saptasandhAna sahI artha meM kliSTa tathA durUha hai| sacamuca usa vyakti ke pANDitya evaM cAturya para Azcarya hotA hai, jisane itanI garbhita bhASA kA prayoga kiyA hai jo eka sAtha sAtasAta arthoM ko vivRta kara ske| bhASA kI yaha dussAdhyatA kAvya kA guNa bhI hai, durguNa bhii| jahA~ taka yaha kavi ke pANDitya kI paricAyaka hai, ise, isa sImita artha meM, guNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| kiMtu jaba yaha bhASAtmaka kliSTatA arthabodha meM dulaMdhya bAdhA banatI hai taba kavi kI vidvatA pAThaka ke lie abhizApa. bana jAtI hai| vividha arthoM kI prApti ke lie padyoM kA bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA anvaya karane tathA suparicita zabdoM ke akalpanIya artha khojane meM bApure pAThaka ko asahya bauddhika yAtanA sahanI par3atI hai| parantu isa yAtanA se kAvya meM chuTakArA nahIM kyoMki bhinna-bhinna anvaya, padaccheda tathA padoM se sambhava-asambhava artha kA savana karake hI isake saptasandhAnatva kI pUrti kI jA sakatI hai / TIkAkAra vijayAmRtasUri ko dhanyavAda, jinhoMne apanI zAstravizAradatA tathA vahuzrutatA se pratyeka padya ke aise artha kiye haiM jo sabhI caritanAyakoM para ghaTita ho kara saptasandhAna kI racanA-prakriyA ko caritArtha banAte haiN| ye sabhI artha kavi ko abhISTa the athavA nahIM, isakA nirNaya karanA sambhava nahIM hai| eka-do udAharaNoM se ukta kathana kI sArthakatA spaSTa ho jAegI! savitRtanaye rAmAsakte harestanuje muje prasarati pare dautye'dityAH sutA bhybhNguraaH| zrutigatamahAnAdA-vegaM jagunijamagraja raNaviramaNaM lobhakSobhAdvibhISaNakAmataH // 5.37. rAmAyaNa ke pAtroM ke nAmoM tathA ghaTanAoM se paripUrNa isa padya meM, rAmapakSIya artha ke atirikta jinezvaroM kI kAmavijaya kA varNana hai / yaha artha nikAlane ke liye

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250 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya zabdoM ko kaise tor3A-maror3A gayA hai aura suvijJAta padoM ke kyA akalpanIya artha kiye gaye haiM, isakA AbhAsa TIkA ke nimnokta aMza se bhalI bhA~ti ho jaaegaa| . . - harejinendrasya bhuje bhogyakarmaNi tanuje alpIbhUte savitRtanaye prakAzavistArake jinendra rAme AtmadhyAne Asakte pare atyutkRSTe mokSe ityarthaH dautye dUtakarmaNi prasarati ghyAnameva mokSAya dUtakarmakRditi bhAva: dityAH sutAH kAmAdayaH bhayabhaMgurAH bhayabhItA jaataaH| vibhISaNakAyAtaH bhayotpAdakakAyotsargavidhAyakazarIrAt jinendrAta lobhakSobhAt lobhasya tadviSayakajayAzArUpasya kSobhAt AghAtAt jayAzAtyAgAt pratyuta nijaparAjayabhIte: zrutigata: mahAnAdA bhayAdeva mahAzabdakArakA dIrghavirAviNaH raNaviraNaM jinendrato vigrahanivartanaM nijamagrajamagresaraM devaM dyotanAtmakaM moharAjaM jaguH nivedyaamaasuH| prastuta padya meM kevalajJAnaprApti ke pazcAt jinezvara kA varNana hai / ApAtataH kevala rAma pakSa se sambandhita pratIta hone vAle padya meM yaha artha kaise sambhava hai, isakA jJAna TIkA ke binA nahIM ho sktaa| sumitrAMgajasaMgatyA sdshaannbhaasurH| alimukterdAnakAryasAro'bhAllakSmaNASipaH // 6.57 sumitraM suSTha medyati snihyatIti kevalajJAnaM tadevAMgajaM tasya saMgatyA kevalajJAnayogena dazAnanabhAsura: dazasu dikSu AnanaM mukhamupadezakAle yasya sa dazAnanastena bhAsuraH lakSmaNAdhipaH lakSma cihnameva lakSmaNaM tat adhipAti svasaMgena dhArayatIti lakSmaNAdhipaH alimukteH aleH surAyA muktestyAgAt dAnakAryasAra: dAnakAryamupadezanameva sAro yasya sa abhAt / / kintu yaha saptasandhAna kA eka pakSa hai| isake kucha aMza bhASAyI jAdUgarI se sarvathA mukta haiN| mAtAoM kI garbhAvasthA, dohada, kumAra-janma tathA gaNadharoM ke varNana kI bhASA prAJjalatA, lAlitya tathA mAdhurya se otaprota hai| dikkumAriyoM ke kAryakalApa kA nirUpaNa atIva sarala bhASA meM huA hai| kAzcid bhuvaH zodhanamAdadhAnA jalAni puryAM vavaSuH sapuSpam / chatraM dadhuH kAncana cAmareNa taM vIjayanti sma shucismitaasyaaH||2.21 naveM sarga kI saralatA to vedanA-nigraha rasa kA kAma detI hai / kAvya ke pUrvokta bhAga kI kliSTatA se jUjhane ke pazcAt naveM sarga kI sarala-subodha kavitA ko par3hakara mastiSka kI tanI huI nasoM ko spRhaNIya vizrAma milatA hai| suvarNavarNa gajarAjagAminaM pralambabAhuM suvishaallocnm| narAmarendraH stutapAdapaMkajaM namAmi bhaktyA vRSabhaM jinottamam // 6.30 prakRti-citraNa bhAvapakSa kA dAridraya citra-kAvya kA saundarya hai| ataH citrakAvya meM una prasaMgoM ke liye sthAna nahIM hai, jinameM bhAvoM kI USmatA prakaTa hotI ho / saptasaMdhAna

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251 saptasandhAnamahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi meM chaha paramparAgata RtuoM kA tathAkathita varNana kiyA gayA hai kintu citrakAvya meM isakA ekamAtra uddezya mahAkAvya-rUDhiyoM kI khAnApUrti karanA hai| meghavijaya ne prakRti-varNana meM apane bhAvadAridraya ko chipAne ke liye citra-zailI kA Azraya liyA hai| zleSa tathA yamaka kI bhitti para AdhArita kavi kA prakRti-varNana ekadama nIrasa tathA kRtrima hai / usameM na mArmikatA hai, na sarasatA / vaha prauDhokti tathA zleSa evaM yamaka kI uchala-kUda taka sImita hai / vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki zleSa tathA yamaka kI durdamanIya sanaka ne kavi kI pratibhA ke paMkha kATa diye haiN| isalie prakRtivarNana meM vaha kevala chaTapaTA kara raha jAtI hai| meghavijaya ne adhikatara RtuoM kI svAbhAvika vizeSatAeM citrita karane kI ceSTA kI hai, kintu vaha citrakAvya ke pAza se mukta hone meM asamartha hai / ataH usakI prakRti zleSa aura yamaka ke cakravyUha meM phaMsakara raha gayI hai / varSAkAla meM nadanadiyoM kI garjanA kI tulanA hAthiyoM tathA senA kI garjanA bhale hI na kara sake, yamaka kI vikarAla dahAr3a ke samakSa vaha svayaM manda par3a jAtI hai| na dAnavAnAM na mahAvahAnAM nadA vanAnAM na mahAvahAnAm / na dAnavAnAM na mahAvahAnAM na dAnavAnAM na mahAvahAnAm // 7.22 prakRti-varNana ke jina padyoM ke pAThaka se ekAdhika artha karane kI apekSA kI jAtI hai, unheM ukta varNana ke avayava na kaha kara bauddhika vyAyAma kA sAdhana mAnanA adhika upayukta hai| varSAkAla sabake lie sukhadAyI hai kintu ramaNiyoM tathA dAduroM kA Ananda isa Rtu meM atulanIya hai / paradezagamana ke mArga ruddha ho jAne se nAriyAM apane priyatamoM ke sAtha sukha lUTatI haiM aura jaladhArA kA seka dAduroM kA samUcA santApa hara letA hai| prastuta padya meM kavi ne pAvasa ke ina upakaraNoM kA aMkana kiyA hai, para vaha zleSa kI paratoM meM isa prakAra daba gayA hai ki sahRdaya pAThaka use khojatA-- khojatA jhaMjhalA uThatA hai / phira bhI usake hAtha kucha nahIM lgtaa| ambhodhareNa janitA vanitA vizalyA ___ droNAhvayena giriNA hrinnaabhiniitaa| kauzalyahArimanasA harimapyazalyaM snAnAmbhasaiva vidadhe tvamunAdRtava // 7.20 ina alaMkRtipradhAna varNanoM kI bAr3ha meM kahIM-kahIM prakRti kA sarala rUpa dekhane ko mila hI jAtA hai| pAvasa kI rAta meM kambala or3hakara apane kheta kI rakhavAlI karane vAle kisAna tathA varSA ke jala se bhIge galakambala ko hilAne vAlI gAya kA yaha madhura citra svAbhAvikatA se otaprota hai| rajanibahudhAnyocca rakSAvidhau dhRtakambalaH sapadi dudhuve vArAMbhArAd gavA galakambalaH /

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252 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya RSirikha parakSetra seve kRSIvalapuMgava ____zcapalasabalaM bhItyA jajJe balaM ca palAzajam // 7.26 vasanta ke mAdaka vAtAvaraNa meM madyapAna kA parityAga karane kA upadeza dete samaya jaina yati kI pavitratAvAdI pravRtti prabala ho uThI hai| kintu usakA yaha upadeza bhI zleSa ke paridhAna meM pracchanna hai (7-8) / sa-yojanA saptasandhAna meM manorAgoM kA rasAtmaka citraNa nahIM huA hai| citrakAvya meM isake lie avasara bhI nahIM hai / jaba kavi apanI racanA-cAturI pradarzita karane meM hI vyasta ho, to mAnava-mana kI sUkSma-gahana kriyAoM-vikriyAoM kA adhyayana evaM unakA vizleSaNa karane kA avakAza use kaise mila sakatA hai ? ataH kAvya meM kisI bhI rasa kA aMgIrasa ke rUpa meM paripAka nahIM huA hai| meghavijaya ke anya do mahAkAvyoM kI bhI, rasa kI dRSTi se, yahI zocanIya sthiti hai| saptasandhAna kI prakRti ko dekhate hue isameM zAntarasa kI mukhyatA mAnI jA sakatI hai, yadyapi jinendroM ke dharmopadezoM meM bhI yaha adhika nahIM ubhara sakA hai / tIrthakara kI prastuta dezanA meM zAntarasa ke vibhAvoM tathA anubhAvoM kI halkI-sI rekhA dikhAI detI hai| tyajata manujA rANaM dveSaM pati dRDhasajjane bhajata satataM dharma ysyaadjihmgtaaruciH| prakuruta guNAropaM pApaM parAkurutAcirAd - matiratitarAM na vyAdheyA paravyasanAdiSu // 5.46 kAvya meM yadyapi bharata kI divijaya tathA rAma evaM kRSNa ke yuddhoM kA varNana hai kintu usameM vIra rasa kI saphala abhivyakti nahIM ho sakI hai / kucha padyoM ke rAma tathA kRSNa pakSa ke artha meM vIra rasa kA udreka huA hai / isa dRSTi se yaha yuddha citra darzanIya hai| tatrAptadAnavabalasya balArireSa nyAyAntarAyakaraNaM raNato nivArya / dhAtrI jighRkSu zizupAlarAkSasAdiduryodhanaM yavanabhUpamapAcakAra // 3.30 tRtIya sarga meM sumeru-varNana ke antargata devadampatiyoM ke vihAravarNana meM sambhoga zRMgAra kI mArmika avatAraNA huI hai| gopAH sphuranti kusumAyudhacAparopAt kopAdivAmbujadRzaH kRtamAnalopA / krIDanti lolanayanAnayanAcca dolAsvAndolanena bibudhAzca sudhAzanena // 3.4 jinamAtAoM kI kukSi meM deva ke avataraNa meM adbhuta rasa (1.76) aura kRSNa ke zava ko uThA kara balarAma ke asahAya bhramaNa meM karuNa rasa (6-16) kI chaTA hai| alaMkAra-vadhAna citrakAvya hone ke nAte saptasandhAna meM citra-zailI ke pramukha upakaraNa alaMkAroM kI nirbAdha yojanA kI gayI hai, kintu yaha jJAtavya hai ki kAvya meM alaMkAra bhAvAnu

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saptasandhAnamahAkAvya : meghavijayagaNi 253 'bhUti ko tIvra banAne athavA bhAvavyaMjanA ko spaSTatA pradAna karane ke lie prayukta nahIM "hue haiN| ve svayaM kavi ke sAdhya haiN| unakI sAdhanA meM laga kara vaha kAvya ke anya dhamA ko bhUla gayA hai jisase prastuta kAvya alaMkRti-pradarzana kA akhAr3A bana gayA meghavijaya ne apane liye bahuta bhayaMkara lakSya nirdhArita kiyA hai / sAta nAyakoM ke jIvanavRtta ko eka sAtha nibaddha karane ke lie use paga-paga para zleSa kA AMcala pakar3anA par3A hai / vastutaH zleSa usakI baisAkhI hai, jisake binA vaha eka paga bhI nahIM cala sktaa| kAvya meM sabhaMga, abhaMga, zabdazleSa, arthazleSa, zabdArthazleSa, zleSa ke sabhI rUpoM kA prayoga huA hai| pAMcaveM sarga meM zleSAtmaka zailI kA vikaTa rUpa dikhAI detA hai| padyoM ko vibhinna arthoM kA dyotaka banAne ke lie yahA~ jisa zleSagarbhita bhASA kI yojanA kI gayI hai, vaha bahuzruta paNDitoM ke lie bhI cunautI hai / TIkA kI sahAyatA ke binA yaha sarga apaThanIya hai| nimnokta padya ke tIna artha haiM, jinameM se eka pAMca tIrthakaroM para ghaTita hotA hai, zeSa do rAma tathA kRSNa ke pakSa meM / zAstrIya dRSTi se yaha sabhaMga aura abhaMga donoM prakAra ke zleSa kA udAharaNa hai| zrutimupagatA dIvyapA sulakSaNalakSitA surblbhRtaambhodhaavdraupdiiritsdgvii| suraravavazAda bhinnAd dvIpAnnatena samAhRtA haripavanayodharmasyAtrAtmajeSu parAjaye // 5.36 apane kAvya ke nibandhana ke lie kavi ne zleSa kI bhA~ti yamaka kA bhI bahuta upayoga kiyA hai| kAvya meM zleSa ke bAda kadAcit yamaka kA hI saba se adhika prayoga huA hai| padayamaka ke atirikta meghavijaya ne pAdayamaka, zlokArddhayamaka; mahAyamaka Adi kA pracura prayoga kiyA hai| nagara-varNana kI prastuta paMktiyoM se zlokArddhayamaka kI karAlatA kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| na gauravaM dhyAyati vinamuktaM na mauravaM dhyAyati vipramuktam / punarnavAcAramasA navArthAzunarnavAcAramasAnavA // 1.52 zabdAlaMkAroM meM anuprAsa ko bhI saptasaMghAna meM paryApta sthAna milA hai| zleSa tathA yamaka ke tanAva meM anuprAsa kI mohaka prAMjalatA sukhada vaividhya kA saMcAra karatI hai / antyAnuprAsa meM yaha zrutipriya jhaMkRti carama sImA ko pahuMca gayI hai / gaMgA kA yaha madhura varNana dekhiye gaMgAnuSaMgAnmaNimAlabhAriNI survsekaamRtpuursaarnnii| kSetrAmezasya rasapracAriNI sA prAgubUDhA baniseva dhAriNI // 1.17 / zabdoM para AdhArita alaMkAra meghavijaya ke priya alaMkAra haiM kyoMki unameM

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254 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya Rvi ko zAbdI khilavAr3a kA abAdha avakAza milA hai, jo prastuta kAvya kA sAdhya hai| kintu saptasaMdhAna meM zabdAlaMkAroM ke atirikta prAyaH sabhI mukhya arthAlaMkAra prayukta hue haiN| yaha alaMkAra-bAhulya kavi kI sAhityazAstra-vizAradatA ko dhotita karatA hai| katipaya alaMkAroM ke udAharaNa aprAsaMgika na hoNge| . kumAra-varNana ke prastuta padya meM aprastuta vaTavRkSa kI prakRti se prastuta kumAra ke guNa vyaMgya hone se aprastutaprazaMsA' hai| namrIbhavet saviTapo'pi vaTo jananyAM bhUmI latAparivRto nibhRtaH phlaadyH| kolInatAmupanatAM nigavatyayaM kiM samyaggurovinaya eva mahattvahetuH // 3.16 nimnokta padya meM caritanAyakoM ke janma se prajA kI sukha-zAnti kA nirUpaNa hai / aprastuta Arogya, bhAgya tathA abhyudaya kA yahAM eka 'AvirbhAva dharma se sambandha hai / ata: isameM tulyayogitA alaMkAra hai| ArogyabhAgyAbhyudayA janAnAM prAdurbabhUvurvigatejanAnAm / vezAvizeSAnmuditAnanAnAM praphallabhAvAt bhuvi kAnanAnAm // 2.13 vasanta varNana kI prastuta paMktiyoM meM 'dIpaka' kI avatAraNA huI hai kyoMki yahAM prastuta candramA tathA aprastuta rAjA kA eka samAna dharma se sambandha hai| vyarthA sapakSarucirambujasandhibandhe rAjJo na darzanamihAstagatizca mitr| kiM kiM karoti na madhuvyasanaM ca devAdasmAd vicArya kuru sajjana tannivRttim // jinendroM kI kItti ko rUpavatI devAMganAoM se bhI adhika manorama batAne ke kAraNa prastuta padya meM atizayokti alaMkAra hai| manoramA vA ratimAlikA vA rambhApi sA rUpavatI priyA syAt / na sutyajA syAd vanamAlikApi kIrtivibhoryatra surainipeyA // 6.6 durjana nindA ke isa padya meM ApAtataH durjana kI stuti kI gayI hai, kiMtu vAstava meM isa vAcya stuti se niMdA vyaMgya hai / ata: yahAM vyAjastuti hai| mukhena doSAkaravat samAnaH sadA-sadambhaH savane sshaucH| kAvyeSu sadbhAvanayA na mUDhaH kiM vandyate sajjanavanta nIcaH // 1.5 isa samAsokti meM prastuta agni para aprastuta krodhI vyakti ke vyavahAra kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai| tejo vahannasahano dahanaH svajanmahetUn dadAha tRNapujanikuMjamukhyAn / lebhe phalaM tvavikalaM tadayaM kunIte smAvazeSatanureSa tataH kRzAnuH // 3.20 kAvya meM prayukta anya alaMkAroM meM arthAntaranyAsa (5.6), virodhAbhAsa (1. 38), parisaMkhyA (3.41), udAtta (2.8), arthApatti (2.14), vizeSokti (2.37), nidarzanA, (1.68), atadguNa (3.44), dRSTAMta (3.24, 1.8) tathA

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saptasandhAnamahAkAvya : meSavijayagaNi svabhAvokti (1.16) ullekhanIya haiN| saptasaMdhAna kA mUla pasaMkAra meSa hai, uparyukta vivecana meM isakA aneka bAra saMketa kiyA gayA hai| kAvya kI nAnArthakatA kI kuMjI zmeSa hI hai / meSa ke sAtha kavi ne anya alaMkAra gUMthakara alaMkAroM ke saMkara kI sRSTi kI hai| ataH saptasaMdhAna meM zleSa ke atirikta kahIM antyAnuprAsa tathA kAvyaliMga kA mizraNa hai (1.3), kahIM upamA aura vyAjastuti kA (1.5), kahIM arthAntaranyAsa, yamaka tathA viroSa mizrita haiM (1.6) kahIM rUpaka, upamA, kAyaliMga tathA samAsokti (1.60) / alaMkAroM ke isa saMkara kI parAkASThA nimnokta padya meM hai, jinameM zleSa ke sAtha yamaka, upamA; virodhAbhAsa, kAyaliMga tathA atizayokti kA mizraNa dikhAI detA hai| nAsatyalakSmI vapuSA'tipuSNannAsatyalakSmI dharate svarUpAt / satyAgamArtha ayate yatebhyaH satyAgamArtha labhate phalaM saH // 1.51 maghA meghavijaya ne chandoM ke vidhAna meM zAstrIya niyamoM kA yathAvat pAlana kiyA hai| prathama sarga upajAti meM nibaddha hai / sarga ke aMta meM mAlinI tathA sagdharA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya sarga meM iMdravajA kI pradhAnatA hai| sargAnta ke padya zikhariNI; mAlinI, upendravajrA, upajAti tathA zArdUlavikrIDita meM haiN| tRtIya tathA caturtha sarga kI racanA meM vasantatilakA kA Azraya liyA gayA hai / aMtima padyoM meM kramazaH sragdharA tathA zArdUlavikrIDita prayukta hue haiM / pAMcaveM tathA chaThe sarga kA mukhya chaMda kramazaH hariNI tathA anuSTup hai| pAMcaveM sarga kA aMtima padya sragdharA meM nibaddha hai| sAtaveM sarga meM jo chaha chaMda prayukta hue haiM, unake nAma isa prakAra haiM-hariNI, zArdUlavikrIDita vasantatilakA, iMdravajrA, svAgatA tathA zikhariNI / aMtima do sau ke prayaNana meM kramazaH drutavilambita tathA upajAti ko apanAyA gayA hai| inake aMta meM zArdUlavikrIDita, vaMzastha tathA sragdharA chaMda prayukta hue haiM / saptasaMdhAna meM kula teraha chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| inameM upajAti kA prAdhAnya hai| meghavijaya kI kavitA, dikkumArI kI bhA~ti gUr3ha samasyAe~ lekara upasthita hotI hai (2.7) / una samasyAoM kA samAdhAna karane kI kavi meM apUrva kSamatA hai| isake liye kavi ne bhASA kA jo nirmama utpIDana kiyA hai, vaha usake pANDitya ko vyakta avazya karatA hai, kintu kavitA ke nAma para pAThaka ko bauddhika vyAyAma karAnA; bhASA tathA svayaM kavitA ke prati akSamya aparAdha hai / apane kAvya kI samIkSA kI kavi ne pAThaka se jo AkAMkSA kI hai (kAvyekSaNAdvaH kRpayA payovad bhAvAH svabhAvAt sarasAH syu:-1/15), usakI pUrti meM usakI dUrArUDha zailI sabase bar3I bAdhA hai| para yaha smaraNIya hai ki saptasaMdhAna ke praNetA kA uddezya citrakAvya-racanA meM apanI

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116 ra saMskRta mahAkAvya kSamatA kA pradarzana karanA hai, sarasa kavitA ke dvArA pAyAkA manoraMjana karalA nhiiN| kAyo isa mAnadaNDa se AMkane para jJAta hogA ki vaha apane lakSya meM pUrNataH saphala havA hai / bAtha ke gadya kI mImAMsA karate hue vebara ne jo zabda kahe the, ve saptasaMcAla para bhI akSarazaH sAgU hote haiN| salamuca saptasaMdhAnamahAkAvya eka bIhar3a vana hai, jisameM pAThaka ko apane dhairya, zrama tathA vidvattA kI kulhAr3I se jhAr3a-jhaMkhAr3a kATa kara apanA rAstA svayaM banAnA par3atA hai| bhaTTikAdhya kI taraha yaha vyAkhyAgamya' hai| kintu vyAkhyA kI sahAyatA se zramapUrvaka kAvya ke parizIlana ke bAda bhI saMskRta bhASA kI asIma kSamatAoM kI pariciti ke atirikta kucha vizeSa hAtha nahIM aataa|

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caturtha adhyAya aitihAsika mahAkAvya

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hammIramahAkAvyaH nayacandrasUri jainAcArya nayacandra sUrikRta hammIramahAkAvya' saMskRta-sAhitya kI anUThI kRti hai| caudaha sargoM ke isa vIrAMka kAvya meM rAjapUtI zorya kI sajIva pratimA, mahAhaThIhammIradeva ke rAjanaitika vRtta tathA dillI ke pracaNDa yavana zAsaka alAuddIna khiljI ke sAtha ghanaghora yuddhoM aura antataH usake svargamana kA moravapUrNa itihAsa prazasta evaM proDa zailI meM varNita hai| rAjAzrayI kaviyoM dvArA racita aitihAsika mahAkAyoM meM, AzrayadAtA ke saMtoSArtha itihAsa ko isa prakAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai ki unameM tathya ko kalpanA se alaga karanA dussAdhya kArya hai| kintu nispRha jaina sAdhu kA ekamAtra uddezya deza tathA saMskRti kI rakSA ke liye rASTravIra hammIra ke prANotsarga kI gauravagAthA kA yathAvat nirUpaNa karanA hai| use na rAjasammAna kI AkAMkSA hai, na dhanaprApti kI lAlasA / phalataH, hammIramahAkAvya kA aitihAsika vRtta, katipaya nagaNya sthaloM ko chor3akara, prAyaH sarvatra prAmANika tathA nirdoSa hai, jisakI puSTi bahudhA samakAlIna yavana itihAsakAroM ke vivaraNoM se hotI hai| isakA kAvyagata mUlya bhI kama nahIM hai / svayaM nayacandra ko isake kAvyAtmaka guNoM para garva hai| hammIramahAkAvya kA mahAkAvyatva hammIramahAkAvya sAmpradAyika Agraha se mukta, sahI artha meM, nirapekSa kAvya hai / isake jainatva kA ekamAtra ghotaka chaha padyoM kA maMgalAcaraNa hai, jinameM 'paramajyoti' kI upAsanA tathA, zleSavidhi se, tIrthaMkaroM se maMgala kI kAmanA kI gayI hai, anyathA hammIramahAkAvya kA samUcA vAtAvaraNa aura prakRti vaidika saMskRti se otaprota hai tathA yaha itihAsa ke tathyAtmaka prastutIkaraNa kI zlAghya bhAvanA se prerita hai| isakI racanA meM kAvyAcAryoM ke vidhAna tathA mahAkAvya kI baddhamUla paramparA kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai, yadyapi kahIM-kahIM unake bandhana se mukta hone kA sAhasapUrNa prayAsa bhI dikhAI detA hai / yuddha-pradhAna kAvya meM jalavihAra, surata Adi ke mAdhyama se kAmukatA kA 1. sampAdaka : muni jinavijaya, jodhapura, san 1968 2. pItvA zrInayacandravaktrakamalAvi vikAvyAmRtaM ko nAmAmaracandrameva purataH sAkSAnna pazyed dhruvam / ' AdAveva bhavedasAvamaratA cet tasya no bAdhikA durvAraH punareSa dhAvatutamA harSAvalIvibhramaH // hammIramahAkAvya, 14116

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260 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya asaMyata citraNa mAghakAvya ke prabhAva kA pariNAma hai kintu isase nivRttivAdI jana kavi kI sAhityika sAhasikatA bhI dhotita hotI hai / yahI svatantra vRtti kAvya ke phalAgama se prakaTa hai, jo zAstrIya mAnyatA ke anukUla nahIM hai| adhikatara pUrvavartI tathA paravartI mahAkAvyoM ke viparIta hammIrakAvya kA kathAnaka kAvya ke kalevara ke parimANa ke anurUpa vistRta tathA sugaThita hai / kathAvastu ko anvitipUrNa banAne ke liye mahAkAvya meM jina nATayasandhiyoM kI yojanA Avazyaka mAnI gayI hai, unakA bhI hammIramahAkAvya meM saphala nirvAha huA hai| AThaveM sarga se nave sarga taka hammIra ke siMhAsanArUDha hone tathA alAuddIna ko kara denA banda karake usakI krodhAgni ke prajvalita karane meM mukhasandhi hai| dasaveM sarga meM hammIra dvArA bhoja ke apamAnita kiye jAne, bhoja ke alAuddIna kI zaraNa meM jAne tathA usase hammIra ko parAjita karane kA rahasya jAna kara alAuddIna dvArA ullUkhAna ko yuddhArtha bhejane meM pratimukha sandhi kA viniyoga huA hai| gyArahaveM sarga meM nisuratakhAna tathA ullUkhAna, sandhi karane ke bahAne, apanI senA ko chalapUrvaka parvata kI ghATiyoM meM sthita kara dete haiM / yahA~ garbhasandhi svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai / terahaveM sarga meM, eka ora, ratipAla, raNamalla, jAhar3a Adi vizvasta vIroM ke vizvAsaghAta ke kAraNa hammIra nirAzA ke sAgara meM DUba jAtA hai, dUsarI ora jAja aura mugala bandhuoM kI avicala svAmibhakti se usameM AzA tathA utsAha kA saMcAra hotA hai| AzA-nirAzA kA yaha antardvandva virmaza sandhi ko janma detA hai| isI sarga meM zatru dvArA bandI banAe jAne kI AzaMkA se hammIra kA apanA ziraccheda karane ke varNana meM nirbahaNa sandhi vidyamAna hai / kAvyanAyaka ke isa balidAna se pAThaka meM amita sphUrti tathA utsAha kA unmeSa hotA hai| ataH yaha phalAgama zAstra-viruddha hotA huA bhI kAvya ke uddezya ke anurUpa hai, jo paramparAgata caturvarga kI prApti nahIM balki rASTra, saMskRti tathA zaraNAgata kI rakSA ke liye haMsate-haMsate prANa nyochAvara karanA hai / vyApaka evaM susaMghaTita kathAnaka ke atirikta hammIramahAkAvya bhASA kI gambhIratA tathA zailIgata dhIratA ke kAraNa ullekhanIya hai aura yaha raNathambhaura ke itihAsa kA vizvasanIya srota hai / vastutaH hammIramahAkAvya saMskRta ke una ine-gine mahAkAvyoM meM hai, jo paramparAvAdI tathA navyatAvAdI AlocakoM ko eka samAna santuSTa karate haiN| kavi tathA racanAkAla ____ hammIramahAkAvya kI prazasti meM nayacandra ne apanI guru-paramparA kA paryApta paricaya diyA hai / nayacandra kRSNagaccha ke prakhyAta AcArya jayasiMhasUri ke praziSya the| jayasiMhasUri uccakoTi ke vidvAn tathA khyAtiprApta vAgmI the / unhoMne SaDbhASAcakravartI tathA pramANajJoM meM agraNI sAraMga ko vAdavidyA meM parAsta kara apanI

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hammIramahAkAvya : nayacandrasUri vAkkalA kI pratiSThA kI thii| unakI vidvattA vividha rUpoM meM prasphuTita huI / unhoMne nyAyazAstra ke prasiddha grantha bhAsarvajJa-kRta nyAyasAra para pANDityapUrNa TIkA likhI, eka svatantra vyAkaraNa kI racanA kI tathA kumArapAlacaritakAvya kA praNayana kara apanI kavitvakalA kA paricaya diyaa| sambhavataH isa trividha upalabdhi ke kAraNa hI jayasiMhasUri ko 'vidyavedi-cakrI' kI gauravazAlI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA gayA thaa| nayacandra ne dIkSA to jayasiMha ke paTTadhara prasannacandrasUri se grahaNa kI thI, kintu unake vidyAguru jayasiMha hI the| jayasiMha ke pautra hote hue bhI ve, kAvyakalA meM, unake putra the| ___ hammIramahAkAvya meM isake racanAkAla kA koI pratyakSa ullekha nahIM hai / ataH isakI racanA kaba huI, isa viSaya meM kucha nizcita kahanA sambhava nahIM hai, kintu kAvyaprazasti ke apratyakSa saMketoM tathA anya srotoM ke AdhAra para kucha anumAna avazya kiyA jA sakatA hai / nayacandra ne apane kAvyaguru jayasiMhasUri ke kumArapAlacarita kA prathama Adarza samvat 1422 (san 1365 I0) meM kiyA thaa| isa tathya kA nirdeza karate hue jayasiMha kA kathana hai ___ avadhAnasAvadhAnaH pramANaniSNaH kvitvnissnnaatH| alikhana muninayacandro gurubhaktyAsyAdyAdarzam // yadi yaha yuvA nayacandra kA yathArtha mUlyAMkana hai, to svIkAra karanA hogA ki san 1365 taka usane sAhitya kI vibhinna zAkhAoM meM acchI gati prApta kara lI thii| jaisA svayaM nayacandra ne sUcita kiyA hai, use hammIramahAkAvya likhane kI preraNA tomara-nareza vIrama ke sabhAsadoM kI isa vyaMgyokti se milI thI ki prAcIna kaviyoM ke samAna utkRSTa kAvya-racanA karane vAlA aba koI kavi nahIM hai / isa tomaravaMzIya zAsaka kA san 1422 taka vidyamAna honA aba sunizcita hai / zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki usakA pautra DUMgarendra san 1424 meM gvAliyara ke siMhAsana para AsIna ho cukA thA aura vaha san 1440 taka avazya vidyamAna thaa| isase pratIta hotA hai ki vIrama ne dIrghakAla taka rAjya kiyA thA aura san 1422 meM vaha paryApta vRddha ho gayA thaa| vIrama kA rAjyArambha cAlIsa varSa pUrva mAnakara usakA zAsanakAla 3. vahI, 14 / 22-23 4. vahI, 14 / 24 5. pautro'pyayaM kavigurorjayasiMhasUreH kAvyeSu putratitamA nycndrsuuriH| vahI, 14 / 27 6. kumArapAlacarita, prazasti, 6 7. kAvyaM pUrvakavena kAvyasadRzaM kazcid vidhAtA'dhune___tyukte tomaravIramakSitipateH sAmAjikaiH saMsadi / hammIramahAkAvya, 14143 8. DI. Ara. bhaNDArakara : insakripsansa Apha nArdarna iNDiyA, saMkhyA 785.

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262 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 1382 se 1422. I0 taka svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| nayacandra kA vIrama: se samparka usake rAjya ke madhyakAla meM huA thA, jaba usakI kAvyakalA kI khyAti caturdika phaila cukI thii| ataH hammIrakAvya kA racanAkAla 1400 I0 ke Asa-pAsa mAnanA sarvathA nyAyocita hogaa| usa samaya nayacandra kI prajJA pUrNatayA pariNata : ho cukI thI, jo hammIrakAvya kI prauDhatA meM pratibimbita hai| hammIra kI mRtyu ko (san 1301) taba lagabhaga sau varSa ho cuke the| hammIra-carita kA praNayana karane kI balavatI lAlasA nayacandra ko dina-rAta matha hI rahI thii| Azcarya nahIM yadi usane hammIradeva kI zatavArSika puNyatithi para prastuta kAvya se unakA sAhityika tarpaNa kiyA ho / yadi yaha anumAna ThIka hai, to pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke prathama varSa, san 1401, ko hammIrakAvya kA racanAkAla mAnA jA sakatA hai| kharataragacchIya jaina bhaNDAra, koTA se prApta, kAvya kI samvat 1486 (san 1426) meM likhita prAcInatama prati se bhI, prakArAntara se, ukta niSkarSa kI puSTi hotI hai| muni jinavijayajI ne kIrtane vAlI prati kI puSpikA meM ullikhita", kAvya ke lipikAla, sambat 1542 ko saM0 1452 ke lie . bhUla mAnakara hammIrakAvya ko samvat 1452 meM racita mAnane kI kalpanA kI hai| unake vicAra meM kAvya ke lipikartA nayahaMsa kA samvat 1542 meM honA saMbhava nahIM kyoMki ve jayasiMhasUri ke ziSya the, jo saM0 1422 meM vidyamAna the| usI varSa nayacandra ne unake kumArapAlacarita kA prathama Adarza kiyA thaa| parantu kRSNarSigaccha meM jayasiMhasUri nAmaka eka anya AcArya hue haiM, graha samvat 1532 meM racita unake pratimAlekha se nizcita hai| nayahaMsa inhIM jayasiMha ke ziSya the| kumArapAlacaritakAvya ke lekhaka jayasiMha unase sarvathA bhinna haiM / eka gaccha meM samAna nAmadhArI AcAryoM kI AvRtti suvidita hai|" ataH jayasiMha-sUri ke ziSya nayahaMsa kA saM0 1542 meM vidyamAna.. honA sarvathA saMbhava hai| isa prakAra saM0 1452 ko hammIrakAvya kA racanAkAla mAnane kA mUlAdhAra hI. Dhaha jAtA hai| 9. tene tenaiva rAjJA svacaritatanane svapnanunnena kAmam / hammIramahAkAvya, 14 / 26. 10. DA0 phatahasiMha : hammIramahAkAvya-eka paryAlocana, pR0 28 / 11. samvat 1542 varSe zrAvaNe mAsi zrIkRSNarSigacche zrIjayasiMhasUriziSyeNa nayahaMsenAtmapaThanArtha zrI perojapure hammIramahAkAvyaM lilikhe / 12. muni jinavijaya : saMcAlakIyA vaktavya, hammIramahAkAvya, pR0 3 / 13. zrI agaracandamAhaTA napacanasUrikatAkumbhakarSa vikramavarNananAM kAvyo, svAdhyAya, 14.3, pR0 252 (anuvAdaka jayanta tthaakur)|

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hammIramahAkAvya : nayacandrasUri 263 'kapAnaka hammIramahAkAvya caudaha soM kI vizAla kRti hai, jisakI padya-saMkhyA 1576 hai| prathama do sargoM meM cAhamAna vaMza ke kAlpanika udgama tathA dIkSita vAsudeva se pRthvIrAja dvitIya taka usake prArambhika zAsakoM kA kavitvapUrNa varNana hai / tRtIya sarga meM sAhabadIna (zahAbuddIna * gorI) se trasta pazcimI deza ke rAjA, gopAcala-nareza caMdrarAja ke netRtva meM, rakSA ke liye pRthvIrAja se prArthanA karate haiN| pRthvIrAja zahAbuddIna ko daNDita karake apanI pratijJA pUrI karatA hai / sAta bAra nirantara vijaya prApta karane ke pazcAt AThavIM bAra vaha chalapUrvaka bandI banA liyA jAtA hai| zahAbuddIna kruddha hokara use kile meM cinavA detA hai| caturtha sarga meM harirAja kI vilAsitA tathA usake kAruNika anta, zakarAja ke. ajamera para AkramaNa ke phalasvarUpa usake mantriyoM ke raNathambhora meM Azraya lene, prahlAdana ke - asAmayika maraNa, usake putra vIranArAyaNa ke dillIrAja dvArA kapaTapUrNa vadha tathA vAgbhaTa ke mAlavarAja ke SaDyantra se bacakara punaH raNathambhora para adhikAra karane kI vistRta ghaTanAeM varNita haiN| vAgbhaTa ke pratApI. putra jaitrasiMha ke tIna putra the-suratrANa, hammIra tathA viirm| pAMcaveM se AThaveM sarga ke prArambika bhAma taka mahAkAvya-sulabha viSayAnsara dRSTigata hote haiN| inameM kramazaH vasanta, knavihAra, jalakIr3A, sambhoga tathA prabhAta kA varNana hai / bhagavAn viSNu ke Adeza se jaitrasiMha ne saM0 1336 kI pauSa pUrNimA, ravivAra ko, hammIra ko rAjyAbhiSikta kiyA aura svayaM Atmahita kI sAdhanA ke liye zrIAzrama nAsaka. pattana ko prasthAna kiyA kintu mArga meM lUtApa se unakA dehAnta ho gyaa| navama sarga meM hammIra dvArA kara denA banda karane se Rra hokara -alAuddIna apane bhAI ullUkhAna ko raNathambhora ke vikaTavartI pradeza ko naSTa-bhraSTa - karane ke liye bhejatA hai| hammIra digvijaya ke pazcAt vratastha thA, yataH pradhAntamAtya dharmasiMha ke Adeza se senApati bhImasiMha ne banAsa ke taTa para zakasenA para AkramaNa kiyaa| rAjapUtoM ke prabala prahAra se- sakasenA bhAga uThI, kintu dharmasiMha ke pramAda se senApati vijayI hokara bhI ghira gayA aura buddha kastA huA? vIragati ko prApta huaa| vratapUrti ke pazcAt hammIra ne dharmasiMha ke mAdharaNa ko andhatA tathA 'napuMsakatA kI saMjJA dekara use vastutaH andhA aura napuMsaka banavA diyA aura 1 pada se cyuta kara diyaa| dharmasiMha kA pada usane khaDamadhArI bhoja ko diyaa| bhoja 'deva arthasaMcaya meM kuzala nahIM thA, ataH apanI ziSyA nartakI dhArAdevI kI sahAyatA 'se dharmasiMha punaH pradhAnAmAtya pada prApta karane meM saphala huaa| usane nAnA prakAra ke anucita kara lagAkara rAjakoza ko paripUrNa kara diyA / usane bhovadeva se bhI Ayazuddhi mAMgI jisase bhoja ko apanA sarvasva use denA pdd'aa| jaba 'lobhAndha rAjA ne bhI usakA apamAna kiyA to vaha apane anuja pIthamasiMha ke sAtha tIrthayAtrA ke bahAne

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264 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya raNathambhora se nikala pdd'aa| dasaveM sarga meM bhoja hammIra se apamAna kA pratizodha lene ke lie alAuddIna se jA milatA hai| usakI duSpreraNA se alAuddIna ne ullUkhAna ke netRtva meM, eka vizAla senA hammIra ke viruddha bhejI / khaljI senA burI taraha parAjita huii| ullUkhAna kisI prakAra jIvita bhAgane meM saphala huaa| udhara mahimAsAha ne bhoja kI jAgIra jagarA para chApA mArakara pIthamasiMha ko saparicchada bandI banAyA / ullUkhAna kI durbhAgya-kathA tathA bhoja ke karuNakrandana se alAuddIna kI kopAgni bhar3aka utthii| gyArahaveM sarga meM musalamAnI senA dvArA raNathambhora ke viphala rodha tathA nisuratakhAna kI mRtyu kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ullUkhAna ne usakA zava dillI bhijvaayaa| usakI antyeSTi ke pazcAt svayaM alAuddIna ne raNathambhora ko prasthAna kiyaa| bArahaveM sarga meM hammIra tathA alAuddIna kA do dina kA ghanaghora yuddha varNita hai, jisameM 85,000 yavana yoddhA kheta rahe / terahaveM sarga meM rAjapUta vIra, yavanoM ke sabhI dhAvoM ko viphala kara dete haiM / yavanoM ne khAI pATane kA prayAsa kiyA / cauhAnoM ne Agneya goloM se lakar3I ko jalA diyA aura lAkhayukta kholatA tela pheMkA jisase yavana yoddhA jala-bhuna gaye / bala se durga ko lenA asambhava jAnakara alAuddIna ne kUTanIti kA prayoga kiyaa| usane hammIra ke vizvasta sainika ratipAla, raNamalla Adi ko apane pakSa meM milA liyaa| nirAzA tathA avizvAsa ke usa vAtAvaraNa meM mahimAsAha ne apanI patnI tathA baccoM ko talavAra kI dhAra utArakara avicala svAmibhakti kA paricaya diyA / antataH hammIra svayaM samarabhUmi meM utarA aura zatru ke hAtha meM par3ane kI AzaMkA se svayaM apanA galA kATa kara prANa tyAga diye / caudahaveM sarga meM hammIra ke prANotsarga se caturdika vyApta zoka kI abhivyakti tathA kAvyakAra kI prazasti hai| hammIramahAkAvya kI kathAvastu ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| prathama cAra sarga, jinameM hammIra ke pUrvajoM kA varNana hai, prathama khaNDa ke antargata Ate haiM / AThaveM se terahaveM sarga taka chaha soM kA antarbhAva dvitIya khaNDa meM hotA hai| hammIrakAvya kA mukhya pratipAdya-hammIrakathA--dvitIya khaNDa meM hI nirUpita hai| madhyavartI tIna sa! (5-7) kA kAvya-kathA se koI sambandha nahIM hai / unheMAsAnI se chor3A jA sakatA thaa| unakA samAveza kevala mahAkAvya-paripATI kA nirvAha karane ke liye kiyA gayA hai| nayacandra ke kAmyazAstrIya vidhAna ke anusAra kAvya ke kalevara meM alaMkRta zRMgArapUrNa varNana utane hI Avazyaka haiM, jitanA bhojana meM namaka / ye sarga kAdhya ke aitihAsika itivRtta se klAnta pathika ke vizrAma evaM manoraMjana ke liye sarasa zAdala haiM / sUkSma dRSTi se dekhA jAe, prathama cAra sargoM kA 14. raso'stu yaH ko'pi paraM sa kiMcinnAspRSTazrRMgAraraso rasAya / satyavyaho pAkimapezalatve na svAdu mojyaM lavaNena hInam // hammIramahAkAvya, 14 // 36

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hammIramahAkAvya : nayacandrasUri 265 bhI mukhya kathA se adhika sambandha nahIM hai| prathama khaNDa, eka prakAra se, hammIrakathA kI bhUmikA hai / isIliye nirantara tIna sargoM kA setu bAMdhane para bhI kathA-pravAha avaruddha nahIM hotaa| vAstava meM, hammIramahAkAvya kA kathAnaka vyApaka, anvitipUrNa tathA gatizIla hai| mahAkAvya ke hrAsayuga meM nayacandra kI yaha bahuta bar3I upalabdhi hai / saMskRta ke vaibhava kAla ke kAvyoM meM bhI ye guNa kama dikhAI dete haiN| hammIramahAkAvya meM bimbita kavi kA vyaktitva nayacandrasUri ne kAvya ke vividha prasaMgoM meM apane zAstra-viSayaka jJAna kA acchA paricaya diyA hai, yadyapi mAgha kI bhA~ti usane kAvya ko zAstrIya pANDitya ke pradarzana kA akhAr3A nahIM banAyA hai| nayacandra meM rAjanItijJa, itihAsakAra tathA kAmazAstra, vyAkaraNa, sAhityazAstra Adi meM niSNAta AcArya kA durlabha samanvaya hai.| . hammIramahAkAvya kA praNetA rAjanIti-paTu kavi hai, kintu bhAravi tathA mAgha kI taraha usakI rAjanaitika vidvattA arthazAstra, kAmandaka Adi se gRhIta korA saiddhAMtika pANDitya nahIM haiN| hammIrakAvya meM tIna zaktiyoM, cAra upAyoM, chaha guNoM kI sAmAnya carcA avazya hai para nayacandra kI rAjanIti dainandina vyavahAra kI rAjanIti hai, jo navodita rAjA kA paga-paga para mArgadarzana karatI hai / isa dRSTi se, yuvaka hammIra ko dI gayI 'rAjya-zikSA' bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| nayacandra ke anusAra AcAravAn rAjA rAjya kI sukha-samRddhi kA AdhAra hai / sanmArga para calane se vaha prajA ke Adara kA pAtra banatA hai kintu usakA durAcAra rAjya kI nIMva ko khokhalA kara detA hai / jo rAjA sattA ke naze meM pUjya vyaktiyoM ke prati ziSTAcAra ko bhUla jAtA hai, vaha Aga ke samAna hai jo tanika pramAda se saba kucha har3apa letI hai| rAjA ko strI tathA rAjyalakSmI kA kabhI vizvAsa nahIM karanA cAhiye / cAhe anurakta hoM yA virakta, donoM avasthAoM meM ye kaSTaprada haiM / parantu rAjyalakSmI vivekazIla zAsaka kA AMcala nahIM chodd'tii| nIti kI saphalatA ke liye sAma, dAna Adi upAyoM kA prayoga Avazyaka hai, kintu trivarga kI bhA~ti unheM bhI krama se prayukta kiyA jAnA cAhiye / prathama tIna ke asaphala hone para hI 'daNDa' kA prayoga nyAyocita hai"| nayacandra kA Adarza 'ekacchatra rAjya' hai| deza meM vartamAna pratidvaMdvI rAjA, AMgana ke viSavRkSa ke samAna hai| usakA uccheda karanA anivArya hai / parAkrama rAjA kA pramukha astra hai| apanI zakti kA pradarzana na karane vAlA rAjA apamAna kA bhAgI banatA hai / parantu nIti yaha hai ki yadi upAya (buddhi) se kArya siddha ho 15. vahI, 1.103, 2.1,10. 6.10 16. vahI, 8.73-78.

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266 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya jAe to vikrama (bala-prayoga) anAvazyaka hai / vAstava meM, zaurya aura buddhi eka mithuna hai / unhIM se surAjya prasUta hotA hai / ataH balazAlI vijigISu ke liye bhI .usI zatru ke viruddha prayANa karanA ucita hai, jise vijita karanA sambhava ho / bAhya -satruoM kI apekSA Antarika zatru SaDpui ) adhika prabala tathA dussAdhya haiM / unheM vazIbhUta kiye binA digvijaya mirarthaka hai"| vivAdAspada samasyAoM ke nyAyapUrNa samAdhAna tathA nIti ke samyak nirdhAraNa ke liye mantraNA kA mahattva svayaMsiddha hai| nayacandra ne mantraNA kI gopanIyatA para bahuta bala diyA hai| unake vidhAna meM kevala eka mantrI ke sAtha maMtraNA karanA nirApada hai / ekAdhika amAtyoM ke sAtha maMtraNA eka sAtha aneka gAr3iyoM para savArI karane ke samAna avyAvahArika tathA saMkaTajanaka hai| rAjA ko pahale svayaM samasyA para vicAra 'karake maMtrI kI sammati lenI cAhiye / donoM meM sahamati hone para usake anusAra AcaraNa kiyA jAe / yadi donoM meM matabheda: ho, to maMtraNA ke prakAza meM rAjA ko apane vicAra meM yathocita parivartana karanA caahiye| rAjya kI nIti rAjA tathA mantrI ke sAmUhika vimarza se nirdhArita kI jAtI "hai parantu use kuzalatA se kriyAnvita karanA maMtriyoM tathA rAjya ke anya kAryakaroM para nirbhara hai| nayacandra ne isa sambaMdha meM bahuta mArmika tathA viveka-sammata vidhAna kiyA hai / maMtripada para vizvasta tathA parIkSita vyaktiyoM kI niyukti hI rAjya ke liye 'hitakArI hai / kulakramAgata maMtriyoM ko chor3akara naye maMtriyoM ko sAmrAjya kA bhAra sauMpanA kacce ghar3e meM pAnI rakhane ke samAna mUrkhatApUrNa hai| pUrva-daNDita athavA pUrva'virodhI puruSa ko punaH pradhAnAmAtya ke pada para pratiSThita karanA 'mRtyulekha' (Detha vAraMTa) para hastAkSara karanA hai / vaha gupta rUpa se hRdaya meM vairaM saheja kara rakhatA hai 'aura avasara milate hI rAjA ko lIla jAtA hai| rAjya ke kArmikoM kI nayacandra ne atyanta kar3e zabdoM meM niMdA kI hai| usakA nizcita mata hai ki rAjA ko apane 'anujIviyoM para nirantara aMkuza rakhanA caahiye| svAmI ko dhokhA dekara ghUsa "Adi' se apanA poSaNa karane vAle karmacAriyoM ko kheta kI svayambhU ghAsa kI taraha turanta ukhAr3a kara pheMka denA caahie| prajA ke liye rAjA mAtA ke samAna hai aura 'anujIvivarga mAtA kI sauta ke samAna / usake hAtha meM prajA ke zizu ko 17. vahI, 8.76, 81-83 tathA, upAyasAdhye khalu kAryabandhe na vikrama nItividaH stuvanti / 11:21. 18. vahI, 8.84-85 16. vizvastAricayo'pyajitvA'ntaraMgazatrUnatimAtrazaktIn / vahI, 8.36 20. vahI, 8.67-100 21. vahI, 8.66-102

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hammIra mahAkAvya : nayacandrasUri 267 sthA sapanA buddhipUrNa nahIM hai / karmacAriyoM kI niyukti ke saMbaMdha meM samracandra kI hai ki apane se adhika kulIna vyakti ko : anujIvI niyukta karanA sajA ke liye nirApada nahIM hai / vaha zakti saMcita karake vaha vRkSa kI bhA~ti rAjya ke AsAda ko naSTa kara detA hai" / - kara (Taiksa) rAjya kI Arthika surakSA tathA sampannatA kA mukhya AdhAra hai / kara vyavasthA kA nyAyocita tathA viveka sammata honA anivArya hai anyathA vaha gambhIra asaMtoSa ko janma detI hai / prajA se isa prakAra kara lenA cAhiye ki use pIr3A na ho" / prajA ko pIr3ita karake koza ko karoM se bharanA, apane hI mAMsa se zarIra kA poSaNa karane ke samAna nikRSTa karma hai" / ucita kara praNAlI se prajA santuSTa rahatI hai aura rAjya kA abhyudaya hotA hai" / prajApIDana ke samAna kula-virodha bhI rAjA ke liye tyAjya hai / prajApIDana aura kula virodha cakkI ke do pATa haiM, jinameM phaMsa kara rAjya dhAna kI taraha cUra-cUra ho jAtA hai" / - nayacandra dvArA pratipAdita rAjanIti kA sAra sambhavataH yaha hai-- parAbhavan dviSaccakraM prabhavan nyAyavRddhaye / saukhyaM cAnubhavan sphItaM sa prajAzciramanvazAt // 4.31 zatru kI parAjaya tathA nyAyapUrNa zAsana, inhIM para prajA kA sukha tathA rAjya "kI samRddhi AdhArita hai / 1 nayacandrasUri saphala itihAsakAra bhI haiM / hammIramahAkAvya meM unhoMne hammIra tathA usake pUrvajoM kA itihAsa prastuta kiyA hai, vaha unakI itihAsa- pravINatA kA paricAyaka hai / prArambhika zAsakoM ke varNana meM kucha truTiyAM haiM / sambhavataH nayacandra ko unake itihAsa ke prAmANika srota prApta nahIM ho sake the / kintu hammIra kA vivaraNa lagabhaga pUrNatayA vizvasanIya tathA tathyapUrNa hai / vastutaH hammIramahAkAvya saMskRta kA ekamAtra aisA kAvya hai jise nyAyapUrvaka itihAsa graMtha kahA jA sakatA hai / hammIrakAvya ke aitihAsika vRtta ke satyAsatya kA parIkSaNa Age yathAsthAna kiyA jaaegaa| itihAsa tathA rAjanIti ke atirikta nayacandra kAmazAstra ke bhI samartha vidvAn haiM / unameM kAlidAsa kI rasikatA kA abhAva hai para mAtra kI taraha ve 'smarakalAvidura' - kAmakalA ke proDha paNDita haiM / paMcama tathA SaSTha sarga meM kramazaH vanavihAra aura 22. vahI, 8.62-65 23. vahI, 8.87 24. prajAdaNDena yat tena pratene kozavarddhanam / tatki svasyaiva mAMsena na svadehopabarhaNam // / vahI, 8.170 . 25. bahI, 4.1 26. vahI, 8.91.

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268 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya jalakeli ke antargata vilAsitApUrNa ceSTAoM tathA saptama sarga meM ratikriyA ke varNana meM unakI yaha kAmazAstrIya vizAradatA khUba prakaTa huI hai| duHkhAnta kAvya meM zRMgAra kA vaha TheTha citraNa mAghakAvya ke prAsaMgika varNanoM ke prabhAva kA phala hai| mAgha kI taraha nayacandra ne bhI isa prakaraNa meM nAyikA ke mugdhA, proDhA, khaNDitA, kalahAntaritA Adi bhedoM tathA unake bibboka, kuTTamita, kilakiMcita Adi bhAvoM kA sAgraha nirUpaNa kiyA hai| nayacandra eka kadama Age bar3ha gaye haiN| unhoMne abhidhA-praNAlI se viparItarati, vIrya-skhalana, sambhoga ke turanta bAda punaH ratikrIDA meM pravRtta hone, navoDhA ke sambhoga ke samaya hAthoM se yoni ko Dhakane tathA aMgoM ko sikor3ane Adi niSedha-ceSTAoM kA isa muktatA se varNana kiyA hai ki hammIrakAvya kA yaha prasaMga kurucipUrNa azlIlatA, balki nirlajjatA, se AcchAdita ho gayA hai| mAgha kA zRMgAracitraNa bhI azlIla hai parantu nayacandra kA sambhoga-varNana maryAdA tathA zAlInatA kI saba sImAeM pAra kara gayA hai| kAmazAstra ke kSetra meM mAgha ko yadi kahIM mAta milI hai, vaha saMyamavAdI jaina sAdhu nayacandra ke hAthoM, hammIrakAvya meM / hammIrakAvya kA zRMgAra-varNana hindI ke rItikAlIna kAvyoM ke vAtAvaraNa kA AbhAsa detA hai| nayacandra bhaTTi athavA mAgha kI koTi ke vaiyAkaraNa to nahIM hai / kama se kama unhoMne apane vyAkaraNa ke pANDitya kA usa prakAra pradarzana nahIM kiyaa| kintu hammIramahAkAvya se unake zabdazAstrIya jJAna kI gambhIratA kA paryApta paricaya milatA hai / unake vicAra meM vyAkaraNa kA pANDitya mUlasUtra tathA vyAkhyAsahita vRtti (kAzikA?) ke samyak parizIlana se prApta hotA hai| svayaM nayacandra ne aSTAdhyAyI tathA kAzikA kA sUkSma adhyayana kiyA hogaa| isaliye hammIramahAkAvya meM vyAkaraNa ke vidvattApUrNa prayogoM kA prAcurya hai" / kAvyazAstra, alaMkAra tathA chandaH zAstra para bhI nayacandra kA pUrA adhikAra hai / unakI katipaya sAhitya-zAstrIya mAnyatAoM kI Age 27. vahI, 7.83, 60, 121, 103, 101, 112, 116, Adi / 28. balAbalaM sUtragataM vicArya savigrahAM yo vidadhIta vRttim / ___sa eva tattadgurugauravAhazAstrajJadhuryatvamupaiti tAta // vahI, 6. 105 26. kucha vyAkaraNaniSTha prayoga draSTavya haiM (a) cikIrSayAtmanInasya sasmAra prmaatmnH| vahI, 4.78 (A) pacelimaphalodayA, bhidelimatamAyati (4.87), dadhivAMsaH (4.115,) saukhyanADidhamAH (4.115), uraHpUraM, dUrvAlAvaM (13.222), lokaMpRNa, muSTidhaya (14.1) (i) adugdhAyanta, aikSayaSTIyanta, acandanAyanta (4.122) (I) addhiSTa (4.36) samanInahat (12.11), acIkhanat (13.47), mA dAt (13.84), mA prAhiSuH (13.226), upAkrAMsta (13.147)

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hammIramahAkAvya : nayacandrasUri 266 samIkSA kI jaaygii| kAvya meM vaidika RcAboM, ajJoM ke anuSThAna, unameM maMtroM kI dhvani, dakSiNA, vrata Adi kI carcA se pratIta hotA hai ki veda tathA dharmazAstra meM bhI nayacandra kI acchI gati thii| kavi ke rUpa meM nayacandra nirmala artha' ke pakSapAtI haiM aura use hI kavi kI kIrti kA AdhAra mAnate haiM / hammIrakAvya meM nayacandra ne apane usa Adarza kA pUrNa pAlana kiyA hai| vaha bhAvapakSa ke kavi haiM kintu unhoMne kAvya meM zabda arthAt usake kalApakSa kI upekSA nahIM kI hai| ve apane kAvya ke kalAtmaka mahattva se Azvasta haiN| hammIramahAkAvya meM lAlitya tathA vakrimA kA sundara samanvaya rasayojanA kAvya meM rasa ke mahattva tathA sthiti ke sambandha meM nayacandra ne apanI mAnyatA kA kucha AbhAsa diyA hai / unake vicAra meM uttama kAvya tIvra rasAnubhUti kA hI dUsarA nAma hai / zabdADambara se kSaNika camatkAra utpanna kara bhAvadAridraya ko chipAnA sAmAnya kavi kA kAma hai"| hammIrakAvya meM isa udAtta Adarza kA yathAvat pAlana kiyA gayA hai / isakI racanA sahRdaya ko rasAsvAdAna karAne ke nizcita uddezya se huI hai / vastutaH hammIrakAvya meM Adyanta rasa kI amRtadhArA pravAhita hai jisakA pAna karake kAvyarasika apUrva Ananda prApta kara sakatA hai| nayacandra ne mAnava-hRdaya kI vividha anubhUtiyoM kA citraNa isa kauzala tathA manoyoga se kiyA hai ki kevala rasasamRddhi kI dRSTi se hammIramahAkAvya samagra jainAjaina kAvya-sAhitya meM atyucca bindu kA sparza karatA hai| ise par3ha kara hRdaya meM sahasA jo Ananda kA udreka hotA hai, usakA kAraNa rasavattA hai-kSobhabhAvamagamat sahasA yat tatra kAraNamasau rasavattA (6.16) / parantu hammIramahAkAvya meM vividha rasoM ke tAratamya ke bAre meM nayacandra kA dRSTikoNa adhika spaSTa nahIM hai / kAvya ke liye prayukta 'zrRMgAravIrAdbhuta' vizeSaNa zRMgAra tathA vIra rasa kI samakakSatA tathA samAna mahattva kI svIkArokti hai / anyatra unakI mAnyatAeM paraspara-virodhI pratIta hotI haiM / eka ora unhoMne 'samarasaMbhava' vIrarasa ke oja ko zrRMgAra kI mAdhurI se adhika prANavAn mAnakara vIrarasa ko sarvopari pratiSThita kiyA hai", dUsarI ora unhoMne suratasukha ko sarvottama sukha mAnA hai" 30. vahI, 8.10, 80, 6.91, 12, 11.35 31. kI] kavIndrA iva nirmalArthotpatti narendrAH paribhAvayanti / vahI, 8.6. 32. nayacandrakaveH kAvye dRSTaM lokottaraM dvayam / ziSyakRtA prazasti, paca 4. 33. vavanti kAvyaM rasameva yasmin nipIyamAne mudameti cetH| kiM karNatarNarNasuparNaparNAmyarNAdivargavaDambareNa // hammIramahAkAvya, 14.35 34. sarasajanamanaHprItaye kAvyametat / vahI, 14.34. 35. azrAntaM ca samullasantviha rasarvAcaH sudhAsekimAH / vahI, 14.45 36. zRMgArataH samarasaMbhavo raso nUnaM vizeSamadhuratvamaMcati / vahI, 12.13 37. iha sukheSu sukhaM suratodbhavam / vahI, 7.67

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270 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya aura zRMgArarasa ko adhyAtmarasa (brahmAnanda) se bhI uccatara Amanda kI padavI pradAna kara usake prati varIyatA prakaTa kI hai| sambhavataH 'zRMgAravIrAdbhuta' vizeSaNa meM ullikhita rasoM kA krama bhI zrRMgAra kI pramukhatA ko dyotita karatA hai| isa virodha ke bAvajUda nayacandrasUri vIra tathA zRMgAra donoM ke marmajJa citrakAra haiN| hammIramahAkAvya kA aMgIrasa vIra hai / usake vIrarasapUrNa aitihAsika itivRta meM ratikrIr3A tathA anya zRMgArika ceSTAoM kA vistRta varNana (5-7) aprAsaMgika tathA avAMchanIya pratIta hotA hai, parantu apane kAvyasiddhAnta" kA anusaraNa karate hue nayacandra ne zRMgAra ko kAvya meM itanA vyApaka sthAna diyA hai ki vaha vIra rasa para hAvI ho gayA hai| kAvya ke isa bhAga se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha amaruzataka Adi kI taraha mUlarUpa se zRMgArika racanA hai / ye zRMgAra-lIlAeM mAgha ke kathAnaka meM bhI pUrNatayA nahIM khapa sakI haiM phira usa aitihAsika kAvya meM jisakA anta nAyaka ke balidAna tathA tajjanya zoka meM hotA hai, yaha nagna kAmukatA kaise grAhya ho sakatI hai ? ' spaSTataH apane kAvyazAstrIya Adarza kA paripAlana karane kI lAlasA tathA mAgha ke anukaraNa kI bhAvanA ne kavi ko aucitya se bhrAnta kara diyA hai / para isakA yaha abhiprAya nahIM ki hammIramahAkAvya meM vIrarasa kI saphala vyaMjanA nahIM huI hai| vastutaH kAvya ke tIsare, AThaveM, naveM, gyArahaveM tathA bArahaveM sargoM ke yuddha-varNanoM meM vIrarasa ko sazakta abhivyakti milI hai| yaha bAta bhinna hai ki hammIramahAkAvya kA yuddhavarNana caritakAvyoM ke vAtAvaraNa kA AbhAsa detA hai| isake yuddha-varNanoM ke antargata adhikatara una vIrarasAtmaka rUDhiyoM kA varNana huA hai jo caritakAvyoM tathA hiMdI ke vIragAthAkAvyoM kI nijI vizeSatA samajhI jAtI haiM / isaliye hammIrakAvya ke sabhI yuddhoM ke varNana meM pratidvandvI senAoM kI sajjA, unake prayANa, talavAroM kI TakarAhaTa, hAthiyoM kI cItkAra, dhanuSoM kI TaMkAra, kabandhoM ke nartana, yoddhAoM ke sAhasika karataboM tathA virodhI sainikoM ke dvandva-yuddha meM jUjhane, devAMganAoM ke mRta vIroM kA varaNa karane ke liye samarAMgaNa meM Ane Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ina rUDhiyoM kA nirUpaNa bArahaveM sarga meM huA hai| inake liye nayacandra mAghakAvya kA RNI hai, jisameM sarvaprathama ina rUDhiyoM kA sAgraha pratipAdana dikhAI detA hai / hammIra kAvya meM prayukta vIrarasAtmaka rUDhiyoM ke katipaya udAharaNa draSTavya haiN| bhaktuM vipakSakarikumbhagharSaNaH kaNDU latAM svabhujadaNDayoratha / celurbhaTA api baladvayAd raNotsAhatruTattruTadazeSakaMkaTAH // 12.32 pattiH padAtikamiyAya sAdinaM sAdI rathasthitamaho mahArathI / mAtaMgayAnagamano niSAdinaM dvandvAhavo'jani tadeti doSmatAm // 12.33 38. ratirasaM paramAtmarasAdhikaM kathamamI kathayantu na kaaminH| ___ yadi sukhI paramAtmavidekako ratividau sukhinau punarapyubhau // vahI, 7.104 36. raso'stu yaH ko'pi paraM sa kiMcinnAspRSTazRMgAraraso rsaay| ___ satyapyaho pAkimapezalatve na svAdu bhojyaM lavaNena hInam // vahI, 14.36

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hammIramahAkAvya : nayacandrasUri 271 Uz2a kdiAritamarAtinA ziro bhrazyanniyojitamapi dvidhaa'pydhH| svenaiva bhinnajaTharAdupAdatarantranikSyA yuyudhe punarbhaTaH // 12.45 ekaH karI samarasImni sAdinaM cikSepa kandukamivAdhipuSkaram / dhRtvA kareNa ca kaTau paro hayaM prAsphAlayad rajakavastravad bhuvi // 12.72 hammIramahAkAvya meM anyatra bhI vIrarasa ke citra suMdara tathA prabhAvotpAdaka haiN| nayacandra kI kalpanAzIlatA tathA gambhIra padAvalI unake saundarya ko aura bar3hA detI hai| dIkSita vAsudeva ke zaurya kA prastuta citra ukta guNoM ke kAraNa vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / "jaba naTa nartakI ko nacAtA hai to aneka prakAra ke vAdya bajate haiM aura prekSaka apane apane sthAna para baiTha kara nRtya kA Ananda lete haiM / vAsudeva ne apanI cakkara lagAtI huI talavAra ke bahAne jaba zauryazrI rUpI nartakI ko raNa-raMgabhUmi meM nacAyA, usa samaya usI taraha cAroM tarapha jujhAU bAje baja rahe the aura devatA loga AkAza se isa vicitra nRtya kA prekSaNa kara rahe the|" isa gUDhopamA ne varNana meM nayI AbhA DAla dI hai| pravAdyamAne raNavAdyavRnde saMpazyamAneSu divaH sureSu / zauryazriyaM yo raNaraMgabhUmAvanartayadvelladasicchalena // 1.30 parantu nayacaMdra kI mUlavRtti ahiMsAvAdI hai / yuddha tathA tajjanya hiMsA se use sahaja ghRNA thI / 'ma puSparapi praharttavyavidhividheya:' (12.83)-usake arntamana kI bhAvanA ko bimbita karatA hai| zRMgArarasa ke citraNa meM nayacandra kadAcit vIrarasa se bhI adhika siddhahasta haiN| vIrarasa-pradhAna kAvya meM, pUre tIna sargoM meM, zRMgAra kA savistAra varNana mAtra sAhityika Adarza kI pUrti nahIM hai, vaha zrRMgAra ke prati unake Antarika anurAga kA dyotaka hai / vIrarasAtmaka rUDhiyoM ke samAna zRMgAra kI vyaMjanA karane meM nayacandra ne mAgha kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| mAgha ke samAna hI hammIramahAkAvya kA zrRMgAra vAsanAmaya tathA aindriya hai / nayacaMdra ne vAcya-praNAlI kA Azraya lekara zRMgAra kA jo nagna citraNa kiyA hai, usane unake zRMgAra kI sarasatA ko kucala diyA hai aura vaha azlIla (kahIM-kahIM nirlajja) bana gayA hai / nayacandra ne garvapUrvaka vikatthanA kI hai ki jisane hammIramahAkAvya ke 'zRMgAra-saMjIvana' saptama sarga kA AsvAdana nahIM kiyA, usake liye zRMgAra ke kAminI-sahita samasta upakaraNa akAratha haiM, kintu isameM sambhoga keliyoM ke antargata bahudhA vIryapAta, viparItarati, sambhogamudrAoM Adi ke dvArA maryAdAhIna aziva bhAvocchvAsa huA hai| isalie hammIramahAkAvya kA zRMgAra vilAsavRtti (kAmukatA) ko adhika ubhAratA hai ! nayacandra kI nAyikA kI bhA~ti vaha saundarya ko ughAr3a kara kSaNika gudagudI paidAkara sakatA hai, usameM hRdaya ke antastala meM paiThane kI 40. ... khilamidaM na zrutaH saptamazcet / sargaH zRMgArasaMjIvana iti vidito vIrahammIrakAvye // vahI, 7.128 41. galadambarA kSaNamabhAdaparA prakaTIbhavantyatanuzaktirita / vahI, 5.68

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 272 kSamatA nahIM hai: vastutaH nayacaMdra 'smarakalAvidura''kAmakalA ke AcArya haiM / unakI yaha kAmakalA-pravINatA unheM hiMdI ke rItikAlIna kaviyoM kI paMkti meM khar3A kara detI hai / isa dRSTi se mUlyAMkana karane para hammIrakAvya meM vanavihAra, jalakeli tathA sambhogakrIr3A ke varNana, kAmakalA se anumodita zRMgAra rasa kI saghanatA se ataprota haiN| nayacandra ke zRMgAra kI vAstavika prakRti se paricita hone ke liye kucha udAharaNa Avazyaka haiM / vanavihAra karate samaya eka nAyaka vRkSa para caDhane lagA / nIce khar3I nAyikA ne koMpala samajha kara usakA paira pakar3a liyA / priya ke sparza se usakA zarIra romAMca se bhara gayA / AnandAtireka kI usa sthiti meM usane priya ke pAMva ko na khIMcA aura chodd'aa| use pakar3e vaha priyatama ke aMgasparza kA sukha lUTatI rahI / vayitasya vRkSa madhirUDhavataH padamAzu pallavadhiyA vighRtam / na cakarSa naiA ca mumoca parA padavAptijAtapulakaprasarA // mugdhA ke isa saMyata AcaraNa ke viparIta praNayI yugaloM kI zRMgAra- ceSTAoM ke ve citra haiM jo nayacandra ke ghora vilAsI tathA TheTha kAmukatApUrNa padya haiM aura isa kalA ke AcArya bhAravi tathA mAgha ke isI koTi ke varNanoM ko AsAnI se pachAr3a sakate haiM / hammIramahAkAvya ke ye prasaMga par3hane mAtra se pAThaka kI vAsanA ko uttejita kara dete haiM / 'rati samApta hone para nAyaka ne kriyA se virata hone kI ceSTA kI / nAyikA usa sukha se vaMcita nahIM honA cahatI thI / ataH usane nAyaka ko dRr3hatA se jaMghAoM meM kasa liyA / vijaya ke isa ullAsa aura usase prApta sukha ko usane kabhI muskarA kara, kabhI batiyA kara aura kabhI huhuM zabda se prakaTa kiyA / ' rativirAmabhavAdupagUhanAd vighaTanecchumavetya parA priyam / sudRDhamUruyugena nipIDayantyatata huhumiti smitajalpitam // 7.108 eka anya proDhA viparItarati meM lIna thI / vaha kriyA ke carama biMdu para pahu~cane vAlI thI ki nAyaka usake 'puruSAyitalAghava' (viparItarati kI kuzalatA) ko dekhane laga gayA / isase vaha lajA gayI / rati ko to vaha chor3a nahIM sakatI thI / usane phUloM se dIpaka bujhA kara apanI jhuMjhalAhaTa prakaTa kI aura vaha nirvighna kriyA meM pravRtta rahI / priyatame puruSAyitalAghavaM kimapi pazyati vakritakandharam / asahayA ratimujjhitumanyayA gRhamaNiH zamitaH kusumaihiyA // 760 zrRMgAra kI yaha vyaMjanA bhI kama vilAsI nahIM hai / kisI kAminI ne svayaM per3a para caDha kara puSpacayana karane kI tthaanii| usane eka pAMva bhUmi para aura dUsarA nikaTa - tama zAkhA para rakhA / vaha isa mudrA meM khar3I thI ki nAyaka bahAnA karake sahasA usake nIce jhuka gayA / nAyikA kI nAbhi ke adhovartI bhAga (yoni) ko dekhakara usakA kAma dIpta ho gayA aura vaha 'Urdhvasurata' ke liye tar3apa uThA /

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2766 hammIramahAkAvya : nayacandrasUri kAminyAH kusumAni cetumadhirohantyAstaraskandhakaM .. bhUmau sthAyini damine paratale vAme ca saakhaaspshi| kRtvA kiMcana ketavaM vinamitoyanAmimUlaM pase dRSTvobIritakAma ardhvasurate pAchAmatuncha badho // 5.71. +: hammIramahAkAvya kA kaSi zrRMgAra ke Alambana vibhAva tathA anubhAvoM ke citraNa meM nipuNa hai / kAmakalA kA kavi hone ke nAte yaha usase apekSita bhI thaa| anya gauNa rasoM meM, hammIramahAkAvya meM, raudra, karuNa, bIbhatsa,adbhuta, vAtsalya tathA zAnta rasa kI bhavya chaTA dikhAI detI hai / mahimAsAhi jagarA para AkramaNa karake pIthamasiMha ko paricchada sahita bandI banA letA hai| bhoja ke mukha se usakI durdazA suna kara alAuddIna koSa se pAgala ho jAtA hai aura hammIra ko tatkAla daNDita karane kI pratijJA karatA hai| usake kroSAveza ke citraNa meM rodarasa kI mAmika vyaMjanA huI hai| tadvAkyazravaNAdatha prasRmarakrodhaprakampAdharo bAhuSTammanamAsanaM pratilagaM savyApasavye nayan / pratyukSippa zirovataMsamaganIpIThe tathAsphAlayan cakra kAvyaparamparAmiti tadA mlecchAnanIvallabhaH // 10.76. hammIrakAvya meM karuNarasa kA bhI sajIva citraNa huA hai| karuNarasa ke paripAka ke liye kAvya meM aneka avasara haiN| pitA jaitrasiMha kI mRtyu para hammIra ke vilApa, putrI devalladevI ko jauhara ke liye vidA karate samaya usake Rndana, mahimAsAhi ke parivAra ko khUna kI nadI meM tairatA dekha kara usakI mUrchA tathA hammIra ke prANotsarga se vyApta sArvajanika zoka kI abhivyakti meM karuNarasa kI vemavatI dhArA pravAhita hai| kAlidAsottara sAhitya meM unakI karuNA kI vyaMjanAtmaka mArmikatA durlabha hai| adhikAMza kaviyoM ne, bhavabhUti ko Adarza mAna kara bokatapta vyakti ke krandana meM hI karuNarasa kI sArthakatA mAnI hai| hammIramahAkAvya meM bhI karuNarasa ke citraNa meM yahI pravRtti dRSTigocara hotI hai, yadyapi usameM apanI tIvratA ke kAraNa hRdaya kI gaharAI meM paiThane kI kSamatA hai / hammIrakAvya meM karuNarasa kI sabase mArmika abhivyakti kadAcit hammIra ke balidAna se utpanna zoka ke nirUpaka * isI zreNI ke bhaMgAra ke kucha anya citra bhI varzanIya haiM mama mukha-vidhorapi darzanAt tava dRzau kumude api maulitaH / kimidamityaparA zayanonmukhaM stanaghaTena jaghAna hi taM muhuH|| vahI, 7.85 sambhogakeli pravidhAya pazcAt suptApi nArI prthmprbuddhaa| AliMgya suptaM priyasuptimaMga vizaMkamAnA na jahAti talpam // vahI, 8.13 kintu vilAsitA kA yaha amaryAdita citraNa kAvya-dharma kA nirvAha mAtra hai| nivRttivAdI dhArmika bhAvanA ke prabala hote hI kavi ko nArI 'mUtra aura purISa kA pAtra' pratIta hone lagatI hai-strINAM tathA mUtrapurISapAtre gAtre (.44)

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 4 isa padya meM huI hai| loko mUDhatamrA prajalpatutamAM yaccAhamAnaH prabhuH zrIhammIranarezvaraH svaragabhad vizvaMkrasAdhAraNaH / tatvajJatvamupetya kicana vayaM va mastamAMsa kSitaujIvanameva vilokyate pratipadaM saMstanirmiH // 14.15 pitA ke nidhana se saMtapta hammIra ko dhIraja baMdhAne vAlI bIjAditya kI yuktiyA~ zAntarasa se paripUrNa haiN| bIjAditya ne jIvana kI nazvaratA tathA bhautika padArthoM kI asthiratA ko rekhAMkita karake hammIra ke zoka ko dUra karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / zarIra kI bAvar3I meM prANa ke haMsa kA kalarava zAzvata nahI haiM / kAla ke rahada kI ghaTikAe~ Ayu ke jala ko dhIre-dhIre kintu avirAma rItatI rahatI haiN"| 4. arat kariSyati kiyaccirameva haMsaH snigdhollasatkalaravo'tra zarIravApyAm / kAlAraghaTTaghaTikAvalipIyamAna mAyurjalaM jhagiti zoSamupaiti yasmAt // 8. 127 isa prakAra hammIramahAkAvya meM vividha rasoM kI carvaNA ke liye paryApta sAmagrI vartamAna hai / vastutaH nayacandra kI kavitA prapAnakarasa kA Ananda detI hai / jayahaMsa ke zabdoM meM hammIramahAkAvya rasa kA akSaya bhaNDAra hai- nayacandrakaveH kAvyaM rasAyanamihAdbhutam ( ziSyakRtA prazastiH, 3) prakRti-citraNa hammIramahAkavya ke aitihAsika itivRtta kI marubhUmi meM nayacandra ne sthAna * sthAna para prakRti ke manorama udyAnoM kA ropaNa kiyA hai| pAMcaveM, chaThe, sAtaveM, tathA terahaveM sargoM ke kucha bhAgoM meM basanta, sUryAsta, rAtri, candrodaya, prabhAta tathA varSA ke hRdayagrAhI citra aMkita karake pAThaka kI klAnti meTane kA saphala prayatna kiyA gayA hai / ye varNana kavi ke pragAr3ha prakRti - prema ke paricAyaka haiM / prakRti ke prati nayacandra kA dRSTikoNa adhikatara rUDhivAdI hai / kAlidAsa ke pazcAt prakRti-citraNa meM nayI zailI kA sUtrapAta hotA hai / prakRti sahaja Alambana - pakSa ke sthAna para vividha prasAdhanoM ke dvArA usakA kalAtmaka rUpa aMkita karane meM kAvyakalA kI sArthakatA mAnI jAne lagI / nayacandra ko isI paramparA kI yAtI prApta huI hai| phalataH hammIramahAkAvya meM prakRti ke Alambana pakSa ke prati kavi kA anurAga dRSTigata nahIM hotA / isameM bahudhA kalAtmaka praNAlI se prakRti kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| nayacandra ke adhikAMza prakRti-varNana aprastutavidhAna para AdhArita haiM / kavi ke aprastutavidhAna ke qImala ke kAraNa usakA prakRtivarNana sarasatA se sikta hai / isa dRSTi se sUryAsta tathA varSA Rtu ke varNana vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM /

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275 hammIramahAkAvya : nayacandrasUri prakRti-varNana kI tatkAlIna paramparA ke anurUpa hammIramahAkAvya meM prakRti kA svAbhAvika rUpa bahuta kama dikhAI detA hai / jinheM prakRti ke svAbhAvika citra: kahA jA sakatA hai, ve bhI AlaMkArikatA se isa taraha AkrAnta haiM ki unakI yatkiMcit sahajatA kalAtmakatA meM daba gayI hai / kintu nayacandra ke prakRti ke alaMkRta varNanoM kA saundarya darzanIya hai| usakI bhASA kI dhIratA, kalpanA kI urvaratA tathA aprastutavidhAna kI nipuNatA ina citroM ko aura AkarSaka banA detI hai| astagAmI sUrya ke bimba kA eka bhAga pazcima sAgara meM DUba gayA hai, zeSAMza kI lAlimA se gagana dIpita hai| isa manohara dRzya ko dekhakara bhrama hotA hai ki zeSazAyI bhagavAn viSNu ne apanI priyA sindhukanyA ke eka kuca ko apane hAtha se Dhaka liyA hai, dUsare kI AbhA sUrya kI dyuti ke rUpa meM AkAza meM phailI huI hai| jalazayezazayAmbujanita taikakucasiMdhusutorasijabhramam / pravitarajjagatAM jaladherjale zakalamagnamabhAd ravimaNDalam // 7.5 sandhyA ke samaya cakavA apanI priyA ke sAtha kamalanAla kA Ananda le rahA thaa| sahasA rAta ho gyii| priyA ke viyoga se vaha bhaucakkA raha gayA / usakI coMca meM mRNAla-khaNDa jyoM kA tyoM raha gayA / vaha bisalatA aisI pratIta hotI thI mAno viraha meM prANoM ko nikalane se rokane ke lie argalA ho| utprekSA ne isa kaviprauDhi ko camatkRta kara diyA hai| nizi viyogavataH patataH sthitA bisalatA calacaJcupuTe babhau / __ asugaNaM vanitAvirahAd vinijigamiSu viniroddha mivArgalA // 7.13 candrodaya kA yaha kalpanApUrNa citra bhI kama AkarSaka nahIM hai| nayacandra rAtri meM tAroM ke chiTakane kA kAraNa DhUMDhane cale haiN| unakA vizvAsa hai ki candramA cira viraha ke pazcAt apanI priyA se milA hai| usane utkaNThAvaza priyA kA aisA gADhAliMgana kiyA ki usakA mauktika-hAra TUTa kara bikhara gayA hai| hAra ke vahI motI AkAza meM tAre bana kara phaila gaye haiN| cirabhavanmilanAdupagUhanaM dvijapatAvadayaM dadati zriyaH / truTati hAralatA sma samutpatadvividhamauktikatArakitAmbarA // 7.26 pAvasavarNana kA prasaMga bhI kavikalpanA se taralita hai| avirAma vRSTi se tAla-talaiyA ne samudra kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA hai / utprekSA ke dvArA kavi ne isakA kAraNa khojane kI ceSTA kI hai| pratIta hotA hai ki meghamAlA jala ke bhAra kA vahana nahIM kara skii| usake bojha se phaTakara vaha dharA para gira gayI hai| dadhatyambunidheH spardhA sarAMsIha rraajire| truTitvA vAribhAreNAbhrANIva patitAnyadhaH // 13.56

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya varSAkAla kI bayAra kA yaha varNana prakRti ke Alambana - pakSa kA citra prastuta karatA hai / mAlatI tathA kuTaja kI gandha se sikta, jalakaNoM se zItala tathA latAoM ko nacAne vAlA pavana kisakA mana mohita nahIM karatA ! 276 mAlatIkuTajAmodahArI spRSTapayaH kaNaH / latAlAsyakalAcAryo vavau varSAsamIraNaH // 13.63 nayacandra ne prakRti para mAnavocita ceSTAoM kA paTutA se Aropa kiyA hai / hammIramahAkAvya ke prakRti-varNana ke sabhI prasaMgoM ke kucha aMza kavi kI isa pravRtti dyotita karate haiM / prakRti ke mAnavIkaraNa se kAvya ke prAkRtika bimboM meM samarthatA tathA sampreSaNIyatA AI hai / hammIrakAvya kI prakRti ke mAnavIkaraNa kI vizeSatA yaha yaha hai ki mAgha Adi kI taraha usake aprastuta zRMgArikatA se Acchanna nahIM haiM / ve adhikatara loka vyavahAra, kavi ke anubhava tathA paryavekSaNa-zakti para AdhArita haiM / astonmukha sUrya ko nimnokta padya meM pathika ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / jaise lambe rAste ko paidala taya karane vAlA yAtrI snAnAdi se apanI klAnti ko dUra karatA hai usI prakAra sUrya dina bhara AkAza ke ananta mArga para cala kara thakAvaTa se cUra ho gayA hai / sandhyA ke samaya vaha apanI thakAna miTAne ke liye pazcima-payodhi meM ghusa kara jalakrIr3A kara rahA hai / aviratAmbarasaMcaraNollasad guruparizramasaMgata vigrahaH / salilakelicikIriva vAhinIdayitamadhyamagAhata bhAskaraH // 7.4 aSTama sarga kI prakRti mAnavI bhAvanAoM se adhika anuprANita hai / isameM prakRti ke mAnavIkaraNa ke kaI sundara citra aMkita hue haiM aura pratyeka dUsare se adhika mohaka hai / samAptaprAya: rAtri ko rajasvalA kA rUpa dekara kavi usakI AbhAhInatA tathA malinatA ko sahajatA se rekhAMkita kara diyA hai / rajasvalA mukha kI kAnti malina par3a jAtI hai, vastra maile kucale ho jAte haiM / apanI kaluSatA ke nivAraNArtha vaha snAna Adi aneka upAya karatI hai aura isa prakAra pUrva - saundarya ko punaH prApta karatI hai / prabhAta meM rAtri ke mukha, candramA kI zobhA bhI lupta ho gayI hai aura tAroM ke chipane se usakI kAyA pIlI par3a gayI hai / isa mAlinya ko dUra karane ke liye hI vaha sAgara meM snAna karane jA rahI hai / vicchAyaminduM mukhamAvahantI vinimnatArAkaluSAmbaraiSA / vibhAvarI yAti rajasvaleva snAtuM payodhau dizi pazcimAyAm // 8.2 sUryodaya ke prasaMga meM pUrva dizA ko zaTha nAyaka ke vyavahAra se kruddha nArI ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ candramA apanI patnI ( pUrva dizA ) ko chor3akara aparA ( pazcima dizA) kA bhoga karane vAlA zaTha nAyaka hai aura pUrva dizA usake

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hammIra mahAkAvya : nayacandrasUri durvyavahAra se kruddha khaNDitA nAyikA / sUrya ke udita hone se pUrva dizA meM jo lAlimA chiTakI hai, vaha usa khaNDitA ke krodha kI jvAlA hai / avApa yasyAmudayaM vihAya tAM mAmathAsAvaparAM siSeve / ityAdadhAneva ruSaM himAMzau purandarAzAruNatAM jagAma // 8.18 varSAvarNana meM bhI prakRti mAnava-sulabha AcaraNa karatI dikhAI detI hai / prastuta padya meM meghanAyaka hai aura pRthvI nAyikA / meghAgama se harI-bharI ( prasanna ) pRthvI - kAminI ne priya ko rijhAne ke liye kaMcukI dhAraNa kara lI hai / sAndrodgamollasannIlatRNazreNicchalAt kSitiH / meghapriyAgamaprItA paryadhAdiva kaMcukam // 13.55 277 pUrvokta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki hammIramahAkAvya kA prakRti-citraNa vakrokti kI bhitti para AdhArita hai aura usameM svAbhAvikatA kI kamI hai, kintu usakA nijI saundarya hai jo pAThaka ko barabasa AkarSita karatA hai / caritra-citraNa / hammIra mahAkAvya caritroM kI vizAla citrazAlA hai, jisameM citrapaTa ke vividha dRzyoM kI taraha atula zaurya, AtmabalidAna, zaraNAgatavatsalatA, avicala svAmibhakti, dezadroha, dhUrtatA, kRtaghnatA, avasaravAditA, kUTanItika dAridrya Adi ke nAnA manamohaka citra dRSTigocara hote haiM / kavi kI tUlikA kA sparza pAkara ye sabhI citra mukhara ho uThe haiM, kintu usakI tUlikA kI saccI vibhUti vIravara hammIra ke citra ko milI hai | hammIrakAvya ke pAtracitraNa kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha pUrNatayA yathArtha hai / isIliye pratyeka pAtra kA apanA svatantra vyaktitva hai / nayacandra ne apane pAtroM ke cAritrika guNoM kA sahAnubhUti se aMkana kiyA hai, kintu unake doSoM ko nirmamatApUrva ughAr3ane meM bhI usane saMkoca nahIM kiyA hai / kAvyanAyaka ke durguNoM para bhI usane kar3A prahAra kiyA hai / hammIra kAvyanAyaka hammIra kA vyaktitva virodhI guNoM kA vizAla puMja hai / vaha zastra tathA zAstra kA marmajJa hai / prajAraMjana usake caritra kI vizeSatA hai / usameM arjuna kA zaurya, karNa kI dAnazIlatA tathA rAma kI nItimattA eka-sAtha vartamAna haiM / rAjya ke vAstavika adhikArI ko chor3akara use abhiSikta karane ke pitA ke prastAva ko vaha nIti-virodhI samajha kara ThukarA detA hai| vaha pitRvatsala putra hai / jImUtavAhana kI bhA~ti vaha rAjyabhoga kI apekSA pitRsevA ko adhika sukhada samajhatA hai" / 42. vahI, 8.67 43. vahI, 8.51

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278 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya hammIra dharmaparAyaNa vyakti hai / usake vicAra meM durlabha mAnavajIvana kI sArthakatA dharmAcaraNa tathA yazaprApti meM nihita hai aura inakI prApti kulAcAra ke paripAlana se hotI hai / yAjJika anuSThAna, dAna-dakSiNA Adi dharma ke bAhya AcArAM meM usakI pUrNa AsthA hai / digvijaya se lauTakara vaha koTihoma kA anuSThAna karatA hai, Atmazuddhi ke liye eka mAsa taka munivrata dhAraNa karatA hai aura brAhmaNoM tathA yAcakoM ko isa udAratA se dAna detA hai ki daridratA yAcakoM ko chor3akara usake pAsa A gayI / 'nottamAnAM hi citte svaparakalpanA' usakI dhArmika sahiSNutA kA pAvana ghoSa hammIra rAjapUtI zaurya kA Adarza pratIka hai / usakA raNakauzala tathA bAhubala digvijaya ke antargata vividha abhiyAnoM se spaSTa hai / bhojadeva hammIra ko bhale hI chor3a gayA ho, usakI vIratA se vaha bhalI-bhA~ti paricita hai tathA alAuddIna ke samakSa vaha usakA savistAra bakhAna karatA hai| use vizvAsa hai ki hammIra ko samarAMgaNa meM parAjita karanA atIva duSkara hai| 'sa zrIhammIravIra: samarabhuvi kathaM jIyate lIlapaiva' usakI hammIra-viSayaka prazaMsAtmaka uktiyoM kA sAra hai| alAuddIna bhI usakI vIratA kI prazaMsA kiye binA nahIM raha sktaa| vIra hone ke nAte hammIra vIratA kA sammAna karanA bhI jAnatA hai| vaha ratipAla ke zaurya kA usake pairoM meM svarNazRMkhalA pahanA kara abhinandana karatA hai| zaraNAgatavAtsalya hammIradeva ke vyaktitva kI eka anya mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA hai / vaha mug2ala-bandhuoM ko saharSa Azraya detA hai / yadyapi yaha alAuddIna ke sAtha yuddha kA tAtkAlika kAraNa banA, kintu usane unheM yavanazAsaka kI barbaratA se bacA kara kSAtra dharma kA nirvAha kiyaa| vaha yavana-dUta ko spaSTa kaha detA hai ki mahimAsAhi ke samarpaNa kI mAMga karane vAlA terA svAmI mUr3ha hai / antima yuddha se pUrva jaba vaha cAroM ora se nirAza ho jAtA hai, usa gAr3he samaya meM bhI vaha zaraNAgata mahimAsAhi kI surakSA kI vyavasthA karanA apanA kartavya samajhatA hai / vastuta: unake liye hammIra, putra, kalatra Adi apanA sarvasva nyauchAvara kara detA hai / kavi ne usake isa anupama tyAga kA kRtajJatApUrvaka gauravagAna kiyA hai-AtmA putrakalatrabhRtyanivaho nItaH kathAzeSatAm (14.17) / ina guNoM tathA kuzala prazAsana ke kAraNa usake rAjya meM meM caturdika sukha, zAnti, nIti tathA dharma kA bola bAlA hai| 44. vahI, 13.125 45. tAn vihAyoccakaitinupAsthita yathA'thitA / vahI, 6.65 46. vahI, 11.67 47. vahI, 8.68

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hammIramahAkAvya : nayacandrasUri 276 kintu hammIra ke caritra kA eka anya pakSa bhI hai, jisameM avaguNoM ke atirikta aura kucha dikhAI nahIM detA / vaha mahAkrodhI hai / usakA krodha kabhI-kabhI vivekahInatA kI sImA taka pahu~ca jAtA hai / dharmasiMha ko bhImasiMha ke vadha ke liye uttaradAyI ThaharA kara use netrahIna tathA napuMsaka banavA denA usake krodhAveza kI parAkASThA hai / usakA vyaktitva sarvabhakSI lobha se kalaMkita hai| vRddhA pitA kI zikSA kI avahelanA kara vaha padacyuta dharmasiMha ko punaH pradhAna-pada para kevala isaliye pratiSThita kara detA hai ki usane, nartakI dhArAdevI ke mAdhyama se, rAjakoza kI kSatipUrti karane kA saMketa diyA thA / dharmasiMha koza bharane ke liye prajA kA krUratApUrvaka pIr3ana karatA hai / karoM ke asahya bhAra se prajAjana vikala ho uThe, kintu hammIra na kevala usake aparAdhoM ko kSamA kara detA hai apitu svayaM pUrNata: usake vaza meM ho jAtA hai aura dharmasiMha dhIre-dhIre usakA premapAtra bana jAtA hai| dravyaH saMpUrayan kozaM rAjJo'bhUd bhRzavallabhaH / vezyAnAM ca nRpANAM ca dravyado hi sadA priyaH // 6.166 pradhAnamaMtrI ke dhanasaMgraha ne use itanA lobhAndha kara diyA ki vaha, usake liye, svAmibhakta bhoja ko bhI apamAnita karake deza chor3ane ko vivaza kara detA hai| jagAda bhUpatiryAsi parataH parato na kim / vinA bhavantamapyevaM puraM saMzobhate purA // 6.186 / / hammIra ke vyaktitva kI sabase bar3I durbalatA yaha hai ki vaha zAsaka hotA haA bhI kUTanIti se anabhijJa hai| mahimAsAhi ke alAuddIna ko mArane kI anumati mA~gane para usakI yaha ukti ki 'ise maravA kara maiM kisase yuddha karU~gA' Adarza yuddhanIti tathA kSatriyocita zaurya kI paricAyaka ho sakatI hai, para isase usakA kUTanItika daridrya vyakta hotA hai / isa kUTanItika cUka ne usake saMgharSa kI dizA hI badala dii| ratipAla ko yavana rAja ke zivira meM jAne kI anumati denA tathA usa para zatrupakSa se milane kA sandeha hone para bhI use bhAvukatAvaza kSamA karanA usakI kUTanItihInatA kA anya udAharaNa hai / apane vyaktitva kA usakA yaha mUlyAMkana akSarazaH satya haidhruva saparivAro'pi durmativibhureva naH (13.101) / use mAnava-prakRti kI bhI parakha nahIM hai| usameM apane parijanoM kI gatividhiyoM tathA AcaraNa kA vizleSaNa evaM yathArtha mUlyAMkana karane kI kSamatA nahIM hai / isIliye prAyaH sabhI use dhokhA dete haiM / hammIra guNasampanna hai, kintu usakA patana usakI bhUloM ke kAraNa hI hotA hai / vaha grIka TrejeDI kA Adarza nAyaka bana sakatA hai / alAuddIna dillI kA prasiddha yavana-zAsaka alAuddIna hammIramahAkAvya kA pratinAyaka 48. muSkayugmacchidA pUrva tadRzau niracokasat / vahI, 6.153

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 280 hai / hammIra ke viparIta vaha vyavahAra kuzala, avasaravAdI tathA kUTanIti kA paTu prayoktA hai | yoddhA ke rUpa meM usakI pracaNDatA tathA barbaratA sarvavidita hai / durgama durga, raNabAMkure yoddhA, gaganacumbI parvata usake sAmane nahIM Tika sakate / usane aff Adi agaNita durbhedya durge ko bhagna karake tripuravijayI zaMkara ko bhI mAta kara diyA hai / usakI pracaNDatA se bhIta hokara hammIra kA pitA jaitrasiMha use niyamita rUpa se kara detA thA / hammIra ne usakA karada bananA asvIkAra karake tatkAla usake krodha ko AhUta kiyA / vaha dUsaroM kI durbalatAoM kA lAbha uThAne meM dakSa hai| ullUkhAna ko vaha usa samaya raNathambhora para AkramaNa karane ke liye bhejatA jaba hammIra vratastha thA / vaha jAnatA hai ki bala se hammIra ko parAjita karanA duSkara hai / 50 alAuddIna dhUrtatA tathA kUTanIti kA AcArya hai / kAryasiddhi ke lie vaha naitika-anaitika sabhI sAdhanoM kA nissaMkoca prayoga karatA hai / jo kArya vaha bala se nahIM kara sakatA, use chala se tatkAla kara detA hai / cirakAlIna gaDharodha ke pazcAt bhI hammIra ko jItane meM saphala na hokara vaha usake senAnI ratipAla ko aura usake mAdhyama se raNamalla tathA koThArI jADr3a ko phor3a letA hai / vaha ratipAla ko antaH ra meM le jAkara apanI bahina ke hAtha se madirA pilavAtA hai aura usake sAmane AMcala pasAra kara yahA~ taka kaha detA hai - etad rAjyaM tavaivAstu jayecchuH kevalaM tvaham (13 / 77) / vaha mAnava svabhAva ko khUba samajhatA hai / isIliye kArya siddha hone para vaha ratipAla kI khAla utaravA detA hai kyoMki jo apane cirantana svAmI se droha kara sakatA hai, vaha kisI anya ke prati kaise niSThAvAn ho sakatA hai ? anya pAtra hammIramahAkAvya meM kaI anya mahattvapUrNa pAtra haiM, jinakI cAritrika vizeSa - tAoM kA kavi ne rucipUrvaka citraNa kiyA hai / vistArabhaya se yahA~ unakA sAmAnya sarvekSaNa kiyA jAtA hai / vAgbhaTa kAvya kA eka nirAlA tathA atIva AkarSaka pAtra hai / vaha nItijJoM kA guru ( vAgbhaTaH pratibhAbhaTa: - 4.63 ) tathA cauhAna vaMza kI lar3akhar3AtI rAjyalakSmI ITI Azraya-stambha hai / apanI nIti - kuzalatA ke kAraNa vaha prahlAdana kA pradhAnAmAtya tathA usake bAda avasyaka vIranArAyaNa kA saMrakSaka niyukta kiyA jAtA hai / 46. vahI, 11.15-57 50. sa mahaujastayA zakyo jetuM nAbhUdiyacciram / vratesthidhItayedAnIM lIlayaiva vijIyate // vahI, 6.104 51. patiSyaccAhamAnIyarAjyazrIvallIpAdapam / vahI, 4.73

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hammIra mahAkAvya : nayacandrasUri 281 vAgbhaTa avicala niSThA se rAjA kA mArgadarzana karatA hai / usakI mantraNA dUradarzitA se itanI paripUrNa thI ki usakA ullaMghana karane kA mUlya vIranArAyaNa ko apane prANoM se cukAnA par3atA hai / svAbhimAna tathA jAgarUkatA usake caritra kI ullekhanIya vizeSatAe~ haiM / vaha apane parAmarza kI avahelA ko apanA apamAna samajhatA hai aura vIranArAyaNa ke durvyavahAra" se vyathita hokara usakA rAjya hI chor3a detA hai / apanI satarkatA ke kAraNa hI vaha mAlavarAja ke durAzaya ko viphala kara detA hai aura mahaz2a apanI nIti se raNathambhora ke durga para kabz2A kara letA hai / vAgbhaTa parAkramI sainika bhI hai| usane aneka zatruoM ko padadalita karake apanI vIratA kI pratiSThA kI / deza kI sImAoM para sthAyI rUpa se senAe~ rakhanA usakI dUradarzitApUrNa nIti thI54 / bhojadeva hammIra kA dAsIjAta bhAI hai / andhe dharmasiMha ke SaDyantra ke kAraNa pradhAnAmAtya ke pada se cyuta hokara bhI vaha pUrvavat svAmibhakti se rAjA kI sevA karatA hai | dharmasiMha ke Ayazuddhi mA~gane para vaha use sarvasva sauMpa detA hai, kintu AbhijAtya ke kAraNa svAmibhakti se vicalita nahIM hotA" / para jaba use kAka kaha kara apamAnita kiyA jAtA hai to vaha tIrthayAtrA ke bahAne alAuddIna se jA milatA hai / vaha badalA lene ke liye, use hammIra para AkramaNa karane ko prerita karatA hai aura use vijaya prApti kA rahasya bhI batA detA hai / usake isa AcaraNa ko kRtaghnatA athavA svAmidroha kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu dharmasiMha aura hammIra ne dveSa evaM lobha ke vazIbhUta hokara usakA jo apamAna kiyA thA, yaha usakA svAbhAvika pariNAma thA / anyathA bhojadeva ziSTAcAra sampanna vyakti hai / hammIra ke prati usake vyavahAra meM adbhuta saMtulana evaM ziSTatA hai / para jaba vaha alAuddIna ke sAmane bacce kI taraha vilApa karatA hai aura kAyara ke samAna bhUmi para loTa kara apanI karuNAvasthA prakaTa karatA hai taba usakA santulana aura kSatriyocita zaurya donoM kAphUra ho jAte haiM / dharmasiMha ke vyaktitva meM pramAda tathA kUTanIti kA vicitra sammizraNa hai / jisa hammIra ne usa para bhImasiMha ke vadha kA dAyitva thoMpa kara use andhA aura napuMsaka banavAyA thA, use bhI vaha apanI kUTanIti ke jAla meM phAMsa letA hai, jisase 52. akAryaM vA yadi vA kAryaM yanme rociSyatetamAm / kariSye tadahaM svairaM cintayA'tra kRtaM tava // vahI, 4.66 53. vahI, 4.120 54. vahI, 4.126 55. nirIhacittavat tasya sarvasvamapi dattavAn / vahI, 6.177

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282 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya vaha use punaH pradhAnAmAtya ke pada para pratiSThita kara detA hai / dharmasiMha punaH pradhAnamaMtrI bana kara hammIra se apane apamAna kA pUrA-pUrA badalA letA hai / vaha apane babara vyavahAra se bhoja jaise svAmibhakta vyakti ko zatru se milane ko vivaza kara detA hai aura prajA ko aMdhAdhuMdha karoM se pIsa kara usameM virodha kI jvAlA bhar3akA detA hai| bhoja kI isa ukti meM dharmasiMha ke caritra kA sArAMza nihita hai| tadrAjyasya vinAzaheturadhunako'ndhaH paraM dIvyati / 10.28 ratipAla vIra hai, kintu hammIra kI taraha usakI vIratA lobha se kalaMkita hai / usakI svAmibhakti bhI aDiga nahIM hai / alAuddIna kA 'etadrAjyaM tavaivAstu jayecchuH kevalaM tvaham' (13.) kA bANa use tatkAla dharAzAyI kara detA hai / bhAvI sattA ke pralobhana se vaha raNamalla sahita alAuddIna ke kUTajAla meM phaMsa jAtA hai / kintu use isa kRtaghnatA kA phala zIghra hI milatA hai| alAuddIna vijaya-prApti ke pazcAt usakI khAla nikalavA detA hai| mahimAsAhi kAvya kA atyanta rocaka evaM prazaMsanIya pAtra hai / vaha videzI tathA vijAtIya mug2ala hai, jisane apane anujoM ke sAtha hammIra kA Azraya liyA thaa| vaha vIra yoddhA va acUka dhanurdhara hai| durga se eka hI tIra meM uDDAnasiMha ko dharAzAyI kara denA usakI dhanurdharatA kA sarvottama pramANa hai / jisa guNa ke kAraNa usakA vyaktitva bhAsvara svarNa kI taraha camaka uThatA hai, vaha hai usakI acala svAmibhakti / jahA~ hammIra ke prAya : sabhI vizvasta mitra use dhokhA dekara zatru pakSa meM mila jAte haiM, vahA~ mahimAsAhi, anta taka chAyA kI bhA~ti, usakA sAtha detA hai / antima samaya meM jaba hammIra use kiMcit sandehAtmaka dRSTi se dekhane lagatA hai, vaha apanI patnI tathA baccoM ko talavAra kI dhAra utAra kara svAminiSThA evaM tyAga kA anupama udAharaNa prastuta karatA hai| samarAMgaNa meM parAjaya ke pazcAt alAuddIna ke yaha pUchane para ki yadi 'tumheM chor3a diyA jAye to tuma mere sAtha kaisA bartAva karoge' usakA yaha uttara 'yadhammIre'kArSIstvam' usakI nirbhIkatA tathA svAmibhakti ko ghotita karatA hai| jAjA nayacandra kA loha-hRdaya pAtra hai| use jauhara sampanna karAne kA jo dAruNa kArya sauMpA gayA, usase patthara bhI daraka sakatA thaa| hammIra ke prANotsarga ke bAda vaha do dina taka gar3ha kI rakSA ke liye yuddha karatA hai / mukhya kathA se asambaddha itihAsa-prasiddha pRthvIrAja kA vyaktitva dRr3ha-pratijJA, zaurya tathA kUTanItika dAridrya kA sammizraNa lekara AtA hai / sahAbuddIna, bhImasiMha, ullUkhAna, nisuratakhAna Adi ke caritra kA bhI kamabeza citraNa huA hai| 56. pracikIrSannathAmarSAdandho vrprtikriyaam| cakre tadrAjyamucchettuM sa upAyAn durAyatIn // vahI, 6.166

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hammIra mahAkAvya : nayacandra sUri bhASA-zailI hammIramahAkAvya kI bhASA mahAkAvyocita proDhatA tathA prANavattA se paripUrNa hai / nayacandra kA bhASA para pUrNa adhikAra hai / usake vicAra meM kIrti - prApti ke liye vizuddha varNana utanA hI Avazyaka hai jitanA nirmala artha | " nayacandra zabda aura artha donoM ke kavi haiM / artha ke prati unakA nizcita pakSapAta hai, kintu isa nAte unhoMne zabda kI upekSA nahIM kI hai / vidvatApUrNa vyAkaraNaniSTha prayogoM se bhASA ko pariSkRta evam alaMkRta karane kA sAgraha prayAsa zabda ke mahattva kI svIkRti hai / yadyapi nayacandra ne na to bhaTTa kI taraha apane kAvya meM vyAkaraNazAstra ke niyamoM kI prAyogika vyAkhyA kI hai aura na mAgha kI bhA~ti bhASA ko gADhabandha tathA vikaTa samAsAnta padAvalI se bojhila banAyA hai tathApi unakA vaiyAkaraNa pANDitya-pradarzana kI pravRtti se sarvathA mukta nahIM hai / kartari tathA karmaNi luG, liT Adi lakAroM aura san, kvasu, Namul Adi pratyayoM kI hammIrakAvya meM bharamAra hai / kahIM-kahIM to nayacandra ne eka hI kAra kI kriyAoM tathA samAna pratyayAnta prayogoM ke dvArA bhaTTi ke kArya kA nirvAha karane kI ceSTA kI hai / ye padya, jinameM sabhI kriyAe~ kramazaH sananta, luG tathA liT kAra kI haiM, isI pravRtti ko dyotita karate haiM / pracikIrSasi ced rAjyaM jijIviSasi cecciram / 4.66 apAThiSurbandijanAstadAnImarANiSu maMgalatUryANi / atiSurnavidazca gItamagAsiSurgAyakamaNDalAni / / 8.60 dharmo jagarjeva daridramudrA kvacinnanAzeva babhAviva zrIH / samullAseva nayadrumo'pi zubhaM nanarteva tadIyarAjye // / 8.68 283 afa kI isa vyAkaraNa - vizAradatA ke kAraNa hammIramahAkAvya kI bhASA rasa, bhAva tathA prasaMga kI anugAminI hai / bhASA kI anukUlatA kAvya meM rocaka vaividhya kI sRSTi karatI hai / hammIra mahAkAvya meM kahIM zrutimAdhurya hai, kahIM karkazatA hai aura kahIM vaha sahajatA tathA prAMjalatA se paripUrNa hai / zRMgAra tathA karuNarasa ke citraNa meM sarvatra komala tathA manorama padAvalI prayukta huI hai, jo apanI snigdhatA tathA bhAvodbodhakatA ke kAraNa samucita bhAvabhUmi kA nirmANa karatI hai / karuNarasa kI padAvalI kI komalatA dainya kI rekhA se raMjita haiM, jo zokAkula mAnava kI asahA yatA kI svIkRti hai / hammIra ke atula balidAna para kavi kI yaha zokokti vyathita hRdaya kI kAtaratA tathA tIvra vedanA ko vyakta karatI hai / fie kurvImahi kiM bravImahi vibhuM kaM cAnurundhImahi vyAcakSImahi kiM svaduHkhasamaM kaM vA babhASemahi / 57. vizuddhavarNaH spRhaNIyavRttaH / vahI, 1. 46 air natdrA iva nirmalArthotpatti narendrAH paribhAvayanti / vahI, 8.6

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284 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya yanniSkAraNadAruNena vidhinA tAdRgguNakAkara hammIraM haratAMjasA hRtamaho sarvasvamevAvaneH // 14.7 / / yuddha tathA krodha Adi ke kaThora prasaMga bhASA ke oja se dIpta haiM / samAsabAhulya tathA Tavarga Adi zrutikaTu vargoM kA prAcurya oja kI sRSTi kA mUlAdhAra hai / hammIramahAkAvya meM yadyapi ina prasaMgoM meM bhI bhASA zrutakaTutA se adhika AcchAdita nahIM hai kintu vaha abhISTa bhAva ko vANI dene meM pUrNatayA samartha hai / bhojadeva kI durdazA sunakara alAuddIna kI yaha cunautI amarSAnukUla hai| kaH kaNThIravakaNThakesarasaTAM spraSTuM padenehate kuntAgreNa zitena kazca nayane kaNDUyituM kAMkSati / kazcAbhIpsati bhogivaktrakuhare mAtuM ca dantAvalIm / ko vA kopayituM nu vAJchati kudhIrallAvadInaM prabhum // 10.82 hammIrakAvya kI bhASA isa vividhatA se vizeSita hai kintu nayacandra mUlataH vaidarbhI ke kavi haiM / samAsAbhAva athavA alpa samAsa evaM mAdhuryavyaMjaka varNa, dUsare zabdoM meM bhASA kI pAradarzI subodhatA tathA saralatA, vaidarbhI nIti ke prANa haiM / hammIramahAkAvya kI bhASA adhikatara prasAdaguNa se sampanna hai| aitihAsika kathAnaka ke saphala pratipAdana ke liye kadAcit bhASA kI sahajatA Avazyaka thii| nayacandra kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki mukhya itivRtta se sambandhita yuddha athavA nagara kA citraNa ho yA usase asambaddha vastu-varNana, hammIrakAvya meM prAya: sarvatra vaidarbhI kA utkarSa dikhAI detA hai / isa dRSTi se vAgbhaTa kI mantraNA tathA jaisiMha kI rAjyazikSA vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| zatrurna mitratAM gacchecchatazaH sevito'pi san / dIpaH snehena sikto'pi zItAtmatvamiti kim // 4.65 mantrAn bahUnAmapi dhIsakhAnAM zreyastarAn naiva vadanti santaH / garbhasya mAtuzca kutaH zivAya karA bahUnAM bata sUtikAnAm // 8.66 sahajatA se samaveta isa subodhatA ne hammIrakAvya kI bhASA meM lAlitya kA saMcAra kiyA hai, jo bahudhA anuprAsa kI madhuratA tathA yamaka kI jhaMkRti se prasUta hai| bhASAtmaka ramaNIkatA ke atirikta hammIramahAkAvya kA kathAnaka bhI kama sundara nahIM hai / parantu nayacandra kI kavitA lAlitya ke kAraNa jitanI prasiddha hai, utanI hI khyAti use apanI vakrimA ke kAraNa prApta huI hai| hammIrakAvya ke sandarbha meM vakrimA kA 58. lAlityamamarasyaiva zrIharSasyaiva vakrimA / nayacandrakaveH kAvye dRSTaM lokottaraM dvayam // ziSyakRtA prazastiH, 3

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hammIramahAkAvya : nayacandrasUri 285 tAtparya 'uktivaicitrya' hai, jisameM pravINatA kavi kI saphalatA kI kuMjI hai / hammIrakAvya kI vakrimA prauDhoktimaya alaMkAroM ke rUpa meM prakaTa huI hai, jinameM utprekSA atizayokti, virodha tathA arthAntaranyAsa vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / eka do udAharaNa paryApta hoNge| cApasya yaH svasya cakAra jIvAkRSTi raNe kSeptumanAH zaraughAn / javena zatrUna yamarAjavezmAnaSIttadetanmahadeva citram // 1.36 yaha zleSa para Azrita virodhAlaMkAra hai| rAjA yuddha meM bANa calAne kI icchA se idhara apane dhanuSa kI jIvAkRSTi karatA hai aura udhara usake zatruoM kA jIvAkarSaNa arthAt prANAnta ho jAtA hai| yaha vicitra bAta hai ki jIvAkarSaNa eka kA ho aura jIvAnta kisI anya kA / yaha jAnate hI virodha kA parihAra ho jAtA hai ki dhanuSa ke jIvAkarSaNa kA artha usakI DorI ko khIMcanA mAtra hai| yadIyakIrtyApahRtAM samantAn nijAM zriyaM svargadhunI vibhAvya / patatpravAhadhvanikaitavena kAmaM kimadyApi na phUtkaroti // 1.46 yaha atizayokti kitanI manohara hai ? jalaprapAta kI dhvani ko sunakara usase yaha kalpanA karanA ki yaha gaMgA kA mAtsaryayukta phUtkAra hai, kavi nayacandra kA hI kAma hai| gaMgA ko zAyada apanI dhavalimA aura svacchatA kA atyanta garva thaa| cakrI jayapAla kI dhavala kIti ne gaMgA ke isa garva ko cUra kara diyaa| becArI gaMgA phUtkAra na karatI to kyA karatI ? alaMkAra-vidhAna hammIramahAkAvya rasa-pradhAna racanA hai| citrakAvya se bAhya camatkAra utpanna karanA kavi ko abhISTa nahIM hai| apane isa Adarza kA anusaraNa karate hue nayacandra ne ADambara ke liye alaMkAroM kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai| hammIramahAkAvya ke alaMkAra kAvya-saundarya ko vyakta karate haiM tathA bhAvAbhivyakti ko samRddha banAte haiM, aura isa prakAra, ve kAvya ke zarIra tathA AtmA donoM ke saundarya ko vRddhigata karane meM sahAyaka haiM / prauDhoktimaya alaMkAroM meM nayacandra kI kuzalatA kA saMketa kiyA jA cukA hai| nayacandra kI upamAe~ bahuta mArmika haiN| gUDhopamA tathA zleSopamA meM zAyada koI viralA hI usase hor3a kara sake / dIkSita vAsudeva ke pratApa ke varNana meM prayukta itanI sundara gUDhopamA sAhitya meM kama milegii| sapatnasaMghAtazirodhisandhicchedAsa kuNThataraM nije yH| pratApavahnAvabhitApya kAmamapAyayattadramaNIdRgambu // 1.28 lakar3I Adi kATane se pharase ke kunda ho jAne para use Aga meM tapA kara 56. saiSA sarvatra vakroktiranayArtho vibhAvyate / yatno'syAM kavinA kAryaH ko'laMkAro'nayA vinA // kAvyAlaMkAra (bhAmaha), 1.36 60. pUrvoddhRta

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286 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya tathA hathaur3e se kUTa kara usakI dhAra banAI jAtI hai, phira use ThaNDA karane ke liye pAnI meM bujhAyA jAtA hai / dIkSita vAsudeva kI talavAra kI dhAra zatruoM kA galA kATane se kuNThita ho gayI hai| use punaH tez2a karane ke liye vAsudeva ne pahale apane pratApa kI agni meM khUba tapAyA, tatpazcAt use zatruoM kI vidhavAoM ke azrujala meM bujhA diyaa| vAsudeva ke zaurya se usake zatru naSTa ho gaye, isa tathya ko kavi ne kitanI mAmikatA se prakaTa kiyA hai| nayacandra kI aprastuta-yojanA kI nipuNatA utprekSA, arthAntaranyAsa, atizayokti, aprastutaprazaMsA Adi alaMkAroM meM bharapUra vyakta huI hai| kAvya meM eka se eka sundara utprekSAmoM kI bharamAra hai| jalakeli-prasaMga kI yaha utprekSA kalpanAsaundarya se camatkRta hai| jAnudadhnamapi tatsaraso'mbhaH kaNThadanamabhavad drutameva / yoSidaMgavigallavaNimnA sphItatAmupagRhItamivoccaiH // 6.18 aprastuta-vidhAna kA yahI kauzala arthAntaranyAsa meM dRSTigata hotA hai, jo kavi kA anya priya alaMkAra hai| utprekSA kI bhA~ti yaha bhI kavi-kalpanA ke vihAra kI unmukta sthalI hai / jalakrIr3A ke varNana meM prayukta yaha arthAntaranyAsa aprastuta kI mArmikatA tathA upayuktatA ke kAraNa ullekhanIya hai / muktagaMdhamapi vArivihAraiH puSpadAma na jahe shshimukhyaa| na svato'pi guNavAn sukhaheyaH kiM punaryadi sa jIvanalInaH // 6.37 pRthvIrAja ke yuddha varNana ke isa padya meM reNujAla, bhramarajhaMkRti aura vIroM kA siMhanAda, ina aneka prastutoM kA eka dharma 'amilana' ke sAtha sambandha hone se sulyayogitA alaMkAra hai| prAga reNujalAni tataH kareNukumbhabhramatSaTpadajhaMkRtAni / tato bhaTAnAM sphuTasiMhanAdAH sainyadvayasyApyamilaMstadAnIm // 3.35 mAgha kI bhAMti nayacandra bhI zleSa ke bahuta zaukIna haiM / nayacandra ke virodha; rUpaka, upamA, atizayokti, parisaMkhyA Adi anya alaMkAra zleSa kA AdhAra lekara Ate haiN| pRthaka rUpa meM bhI zleSa kA paryApta prayoga kiyA gayA hai| hammIra tathA alAuddIna ke dvitIya dina ke yuddha-varNana meM zleSa kA prayoga vaNita bhAva ko sazakta tathA spaSTa banAne meM sahAyaka huA hai| kasyApyapAkRtaguNo'tra mArgaNo lakSAya dhAvati tadA sma dhAvatu / koTidvaye'pi sati nanAma yaddhanuH savaMzajasya na tadasya sAmpratam // 12174 prativastUpamA, dRSTAnta, vyatireka, sandeha, yathAsaMkhya, samAsokti, bhrAntimAn, paryAya, vibhAvanA, ullekha, anuprAsa, yamaka, dIpaka Adi bhI kAvya-saundarya ke vardhana

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hammIramahAkAvya : nayacandrasUri 287 meM yoga dete haiN| chandayojanA nayacandra kI kAvyazAstrIya mAnyatA meM nirmala artha tathA vizuddha zabda ke atirikta bhAvAnukUla madhura chanda kavi kI kIrti kA AdhAra hai / hammIramahAkAvya meM chandoM kA prayoga kavi ke isa siddhAnta kI pUrti karatA hai| dasaveM sarga meM nAnA vRttoM kI yojanA bhI zAstrAnukUla hai| isa sarga kI racanA meM jo teraha chanda prayukta kiye gaye haiM, ve isa prakAra haiM--viyoginI, svAgatA, sragdharA, maMjubhASiNI, zAlinI, upendravajrA, upajAti, vasantatilakA, rathoddhatA, AryA, zArdUlavikrIDita, kalahaMsa tathA eka arddha samavRtta / inake atirikta nayacandra ne zikhariNI, mAlinI, toTaka; indravaMzA, mandAkrAntA, lalitA, pramitAkSarA, drutavilambita, bhujaMgaprayAta, anuSTup tathA praharSiNI se milatA-julatA eka chaMda (ma sa ja ra ga) ko kAvya racanA kA AdhAra banAyA hai| hammIramahAkAvya meM caubIsa chanda prayukta hue haiM / upajAti nayacandra kA priya chanda hai| nayacandrasUri ke sAhityika Adarza kAvyakalA ke prati jAgarUka nayacandra ne cauhadaveM sarga ke anta meM apanI kAvyazAstrIya dhAraNAoM kA bhI kucha AbhAsa diyA hai / sAhityazAstra ke siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa karanA kavi kA lakSya nahIM hai, kintu ye prAsaMgika ullekha rocaka tathA vicAraNIya haiM / nayacandra kA nirdhAnta mata hai ki sarasa kAvya kI racanA kA AdhAra anubhavamAtra nahIM hai / kavi kA kavitva utanA hI svabhAvajanya hai jitanA capalanayanA yuvatiyoM kA tAruNya / vastutaH, bahuta sI bAteM to anubhava ke AdhAra para siddha hI nahIM hotii| zRMgAra-varNana ke liye anubhava ko Avazyaka mAnanA bhI vAstavikatA ke anukUla nahIM hai / jagat meM zrRMgAra kA anubhava to agaNita vyaktiyoM ko hai, kintu ve sabhI zRMgAra ke siddhAntakAra athavA mahAkavi nahIM haiN| isake viparIta kAmazAstra ke praNetA tathA zRMgArarasa ke aneka pratibhAzAlI kavi vItarAga tapasvI haiN| AcArya vAtsyAyana tathA kavi amara jitendriya brahmacArI the / svayaM vAgdevI kumArI hai / tathya yaha hai ki apanI vANI ke vilAsa se zRMgAra-mAdhurI kI sRSTi karane vAle rasasiddha kavi to zRMgAra ke pratyakSa anubhava se zUnya haiM aura jo usake anubhava se sampanna haiM, unameM se adhikatara kI kAvyaracanA meM kSamatA to dUra, sAhitya meM sAdhAraNa gati bhI nahIM hai / hAthI ke dAMta bhI khAne ke aura hote haiM, dikhAne ke aura / isa prakAra nayacandra ne kAvya-sRjana meM anubhava ke mahattva ko spaSTa asvIkAra kiyA hai| 61. kramazaH 1. 12. 4.65, 6.66, 11.52, 4.67, 13.146, 6.10, 6.54, 6.71, 4.157, 3.24, 4.36, 2.83. 62. hammIramahAkAvya, 1.46 63. vahI, 14.26-33

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288 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya nayacandra ne yahAM anubhava zabda kA prayoga bahuta sthUla artha meM kiyA hai / zRMgAra ke bhoktA tathA zRMgAra-rasAtmaka kRti ke praNetA kI prakRti kI bhinnatA ke udAharaNa kI yahI dhvani hai| isa sImita artha meM anubhava nizcita hI kAvyaracanA kA hetu nahIM hai / aisA na mAnane se kavi-karma itanA saMkucita ho jAegA ki svabhukta yathArtha kI abhivyakti ke binA kAvya-sRjana kI kalpanA karanA bhI asambhava hogaa| kintu anubhava kI isa sthala artha meM svIkRti kAvya-sRjana tathA anubhUti kI prakriyA kI niviveka asvIkRti hai| pratyakSa anubhava ke binA bhI saMvedanazIla mastiSka, rAgAtmaka stara para, sahajAta saMskAra dvArA anubhUti arjita karatA hai jisake AdhAra para use pracchanna athavA parokSa vastu kA pratyakSavat sAkSAt hotA hai| taba vaha vizeSa bhI nivizeSa bana kara sarvagrAhya ho jAtA hai| vizva ke adhikAMza sAhitya kI racanA ke pIche yahI anubhava nihita hai| ataH kAmazAstra ke praNetAoM athavA zRMgArika kaviyoM ke brahmacArI hone meM koI vaicitrya athavA virodha nahIM hai kyoMki unameM bhI sabhI anubhUtiyAM vAsanA-rUpa meM vidyamAna rahatI haiM / yadi nayacandra kA abhiprAya sApekSika dRSTi se anubhava kI tulanA meM pratibhA ko adhika mahattva dekara usakI ananta-nirmANakSamatA kA saMketa karanA hai, to unakA mata sarvathA agrAhya nahIM hai| kAvyahetu kA vistAra se pratipAdana karane ke pazcAt nayacandra ne kAvya ke svarUpa para vicAra kiyA hai| unake anusAra tIvra rasAnubhUti kA dUsarA nAma hI kAvya hai| prAcIna AcAryoM ne bhI kAvya kI sArthakatA rasAtmakatA meM mAnI hai / uttama kAvya vahI hai, jo rasa kI ucchala dhArA se paripUrNa ho tathA jise paDhate hI hRdaya Ananda se AplAvita ho jaae| kAvya meM pradhAnatA kisI bhI rasa kI ho, usameM zRMgArapUrNa varNana utane hI Avazyaka haiM jitanA bhojana meM namaka / jaise namaka ke binA anyathA svAdu bhojana bhI nIrasa hai, usI prakAra zRMgAra ke sparza ke binA kAvya kI rasAtmakatA meM nikhAra nahIM AtA / isa prakAra nayacandra ke vicAra meM rasapradhAna racanA hI kAvya-pada kI adhikAriNI hai| unakA yaha kathana vizvanAtha ke 'vAkyaM rasAtmaka kAvyam' se bhinna nahIM hai| unhoMne kAvya meM artha kI pradhAnatA mAnI hai| zabdADambara heya hai, kintu nayacandra ne zabda kI sarvathA upekSA nahIM kI; isakA saMketa kiyA jA cukA hai| kAvyazAstrIya prasaMga ke anta meM nayacandra ne kAvya kI bhASA para bhI kucha prakAza DAlA hai| unake mata se zabda aura apazabda prAya: mana ke vikalpa haiM aura zabdazAstra meM siddhi bhI kavi ke adhIna hai| sAmAnyataH kAvya meM apazabda ke prayoga 64. na kAvyArthavirAmo'sti yadi syaatprtibhaagunnH| dhvanyAloka, 4.6 65. hammIramahAkAvya, 14.35 66. vahI, 14.34

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hammIramahAkAvya : nayacandrasUri 289 se bacanA cAhiye / siddhAntataH ucita hote hue bhI vyavahAra meM yaha sadA sambhava nahIM hai| kAlidAsa-jaise rasasiddha kaviyoM kI bhASA bhI apazabdoM se sarvathA mukta nahIM hai| ataH ekAdha apazabda se kAvyatva kI hAni nahIM hotI bazarte usameM artha-sAmarthya ho aura vaha rasa kI paripuSTi kara sake / nayacandra kA yaha kathana vyavahAra-puSTa hai / koI bhI doSa svarUpataH doSa nahIM hotA / jaba vaha rasAnubhUti meM bAdhaka hotA hai tabhI vaha doSa banatA hai / ataH sAdhAraNa doSa ke vidyamAna hone para bhI kAvyatva para AMca nahIM aatii| mammaTa ke kAvya-lakSaNa meM prayukta 'adoSau' pada kI khAla udher3ane vAle vizvanAtha (sAhityadarpaNa, pR0 17) ko bhI antataH yaha mAnanA pdd'aa| kITAnuviddharatnAdisAdhAraNyena kaavytaa| duSTeSvapi matA yatra rasAyanugamaH sphuTaH // nayacandra ne kAvyazAstra kI tIna mahattvapUrNa samasyAoM para apane vicAra prakaTa kiye haiM / kAvya ke svarUpa tathA bhASA-sambandhI unake vicAra bhAratIya kAvyazAstra ke mAnya siddhAntoM ke anurUpa haiM / kAvyahetu ke viSaya meM unakA mata aspaSTa pratIta hotA hai / hammIramahAkAvya kI aitihAsikatA aitihAsika mahAkAvyo kI paripATI ke anusAra yadyapi hammIramahAkAvya meM itihAsa ko kAvya ke AkarSaka paridhAna meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai aura isakA kAvyAtmaka mUlya bhI kama nahIM hai, kintu isakA aitihAsika vRtta susambaddha, prAmANika tathA alaukika tattvoM se mukta hai| kAvya ke prArambhika bhAga meM avazya hI kucha truTiyA~ haiN| isakA kAraNa sambhavataH yaha hai ki ye ghaTanAe~ lekhaka se bahuta prAcIna haiM aura inake satyAsatya ke parIkSaNa ke liye use vizvasta sAmagrI prApta nahIM ho skii| cAhamAnavaMzIya itihAsa ke anya vizvasanIya sAdhanoM se tulanA karane para jJAta hotA hai ki hammIramahAkAvya ke prathama do sargoM kI vaMzAvalI aneka truTiyoM se AkrAnta hai tathA isameM vaNita ghaTanAe~ bhI bhrAmaka haiM / udAharaNArtha- cakrI jayapAla ko ajayameru (ajamera) kA saMsthApaka mAnanA itihAsa-viruddha hai| isa nagara kA nirmANa ajayarAja ne samvat 1166 se kucha pUrva kiyA thaa| siMharAja vapparAja kA putra thA, pautra nahIM / vaha parAkramI avazya thA kintu kAvya meM kiyA gayA usakI vijaya kA varNana, atyukti mAtra hai| Analladeva (arNorAja) ne, jaisA nayacandra ne kahA hai, puSkara nahIM pratyuta AnAsAgara khudavAyA thaa| tRtIya sarga meM varNita pRthvI67. prAyo'pazabdena na kAvyahAniH samarthatArthe rasasekimA cet / vahI, 14-36 68. vistRta vivecana ke liye dekhiye--mahAvIra-jayantI-smArikA, jayapura, 1974 meM prakAzita merA lekha "nayacandrasUri ke sAhityika Adarza" khaNDa 2, pR. 63-66 66. hammIramahAkAvya, 1.52 70. vahI, 1.60-67 71. vahI, 2.51

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya sambandhita adhikAMza ghaTanAe~ pramANa-puSTa haiM / hammIramahAkAvya meM antima yuddha se pUrva pRthvIrAja aura sahAbuddIna ke sAta yuddhoM kI carcA hai, kintu musalamAna itihAsakAroM ne kevala do yuddhoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo adhika vizvasanIya hai / hammIramahAkAvya tathA muslima srotoM meM isa bAta para mataikya hai ki pRthvIrAja yuddha meM bandI banAyA gayA thA, usakA vadha nahIM kiyA gayA thaa| pRthvIrAja kI parAjaya kA kAraNa naTAramma ko mAnanA kevala kavikalpanA hai / caturtha sarga kI prAya: samasta ghaTanAoM kI prAmANikatA nirvivAda hai / jisa jallAladIna ne vIranArAyaNa ko viSa-prayoga se maravA kara raNathambhora para adhikAra kiyA thA, vaha zamazuddIna ittamiza thA / tabakAte nAsirI ke anusAra yaha ghaTanA san 1226 (633 hijarI ) kI hai / raNathambhora ko yavanoM se vApisa lene kA zreya vAgbhaTa ko hai, jo nayacandra tathA musalamAna itihAsakAroM ke anusAra pratApI zAsaka thA / vAgbhaTa ko yaha vijaya rajiyA ke rAjyakAla meM prApta huI thI / 75 ataH nayacandra kA yaha kathana ki mugaloM dvArA jallAdIna para AkramaNa kA lAbha uThAkara vAgbhaTa ne raNathambhora durga ko gherA thA, " cintya hai / 76 260 hammIrakAvya ke anusAra hammIra kA rAjyAbhiSeka samvat 1336 kI mAgha zuklA pUrNimA, ravivAra ko sampanna huA thA / prabandhakoza meM abhiSeka kA samvat 1342 diyA gayA hai / sambhavata: jaitrasiMha hammIra ko abhiSikta karane ke pazcAt tIna varSa taka jIvita rahA / navama sarga meM hammIra kI digvijaya kA varNana hai / deza kI tatkAlIna rAjanaitika sthiti hammIra jaise pratApI yoddhA ke abhiyAnoM ke liye anukUla thI, parantu usake balavana - zilAlekha ( samvat 1345 ) ke sAtha nayacandra ke vivaraNa kI tulanA karane se pratIta hotA hai ki hammIra kI digvijaya usa kramabaddha rUpa meM sampanna nahIM huI thI jaise hammIramahAkAvya meM varNita hai / zilAlekha meM hammIra ke do koTiyajJoM kA ullekha hai para usakI digvijaya kA sUkSma saMketa bhI nahIM hai / mAlavarAja arjuna para vijaya hI hammIra kI zilAlekha meM ullikhita sainika upalabdhi hai / hammIra kI tathAkathita digvijaya meM yahI ekamAtra aitihAsika tathya pratIta hotA hai / isa sarga ( navama) meM nayacandra ne jisa AkramaNa kA ullekha kiyA hai, vaha, vastutaH jalAluddIna khaljI ke samaya meM huA thaa| bhImasiMha kI mRtyu ke kAraNa vAdyavAdana se 72. tabakAte nAsirI, tArIkhe phariztA tathA tabakAte akabarI 73. hammIrakAvya, 3.64 tathA tabakAte akabarI 1. pR. 36 74. hammIra mahAkAvya, 3 . 58-62 75. tabakAte nAsirI, pR. 234 76. hammIramahAkAvya, 4.101 77. yaH koTihomadvitayaM cakAra zreNIM gajAnAM punarAninAya / nirjitya yenArjanamAjimUdhni zrIrmAlavasyojjagRhe haThena // balavana-zilAlekha, padya 11. 78. hammIrAyaNa kI bhUmikA, pR0 116

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hammIramahAkAvya : tayacandrasUri 261 kahIM adhika gambhIra rahe hoMge / dharmasiMha ko diyA gayA amAnuSika daNDa bhI parAjaya ke kAraNoM kI asAdhAraNatA kA sUcaka hai| dharmasiMha kI kathA ko kAlpanika mAnane kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai, yadyapi hammIraviSayaka anya kisI grantha meM usakI carcA nahIM huI hai| nayacandra ne hammIra kI rAjanItika bhUloM tathA galata Arthika nItiyoM kA vizada varNana kiyA hai, jinase ruSTa hokara prajA dhIre-dhIre usase vimukha hotI gyii| anya granthoM se bhI isa dhAraNA kI puSTi hotI hai ki hammIra ke antima samaya meM prajA usase bahuta kucha virakta ho cukI thii| dasaveM sarga meM varNita khaljI senA kI parAjaya tathA mugala baMdhuoM dvArA jagarA kI lUTapATa kA varNana musalamAnI tavArIkhoM meM nahIM miltaa| unake liye yaha koI gaurava kI bAta nahIM thii| gyArahaveM sarga meM varNita viphala gar3harodha tathA nisuratakhAna kI mRtyu kI prAya: samUcI kathA hindU aura ahindU lekhakoM dvArA samarthita hai / nayacandra ke kathanAnusAra ullUkhAna aura nisuratakhAna sandhivArtA ke vyAja se pahAr3I ghATI meM ghusane meM samartha hue, kintu vAstavikatA yaha pratIta hotI hai ki yavana-senA kI atyadhika saMkhyA ke kAraNa rAjapUtoM ne gar3harodha sahanA adhika hitakara smjhaa| jisa vIratA se rAjapUtoM ne alAuddIna ke AkramaNa kA muMhator3a uttara diyA, usakA vizada varNana hammIramahAkAvya ke atirikta anya aneka kAvyagranthoM tathA musalamAnI tavArIkhoM meM bhI prApta hai| amIra khusaro ke anusAra yavanasenA rajaba se jIkAda (mArca-julAI) taka kile ko ghere rhii| kile se bANoM kI varSA hone ke kAraNa pakSI bhI nahIM ur3a sakate the| isa kAraNa zAhI bAja bhI vahA~ taka na pahu~ca ske| __hammIramahAkAvya se spaSTa hai ki antataH alAuddIna gar3harodha se thaka gayA thaa| prakArAntara se yaha kathana tArIkhe phirojazAhI se samarthita hai| yadi ratipAla, raNamalla Adi hammIra se vizvAsaghAta na karate to gherA avazya uTha jAtA / usake atirikta durga meM vastutaH durbhikSa kI sthiti utpanna ho gayI thii| amIra khusaro ne likhA hai ki ve patthara khA rahe the| cAvala kA eka dAnA ve do svarNa mudrAoM se kharIdane ko taiyAra the aura yaha unheM na milatA thaa| ataH nayacandra kA yaha kathana ki bhaNDAra anna se paripUrNa thA aura jAhar3a koThArI ne g2alata sUcanA dI thI, ThIka 76. hammIramahAkAvya, prAstAvika paricaya, pR. 16 80. hammIramahAkAvya, 11.23 / / 81. hammIrAyaNa, bhUmikA, pR. 121 52. vahI, pR0 127 83. vahI, pR0 47

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262 jaina saskRta mahAkAvya nahIM hai| hammIrakAvya ke anusAra durga kA patana zrAvaNa kRSNA 6, ravivAra, samvat 1358 ko huA / amIra khusaro kI tithi usase do dina pUrva hai| hammIra ke svargArohaNa ke bAda jAjA ne do dina taka aura yuddha kiyA thaa| nayacandra ne usI dina durga kA patana mAnA hai| tArIkhe phariztA meM bhI mahimAsAhi ke vIrocita uttara kA ullekha hai| krodhAviSTa hokara alAuddIna ne use masta hAthI ke pairoM tale kucalavA diyA; kintu usake zava ko acchI taraha dphnvaayaa| sAhasa aura svAmibhakti kA vaha sammAna karatA thaa| uparyukta vistRta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki nayacandra ke sRjana meM tattvagrAhI itihAkAra tathA kuzala kavi kA rAsAyanika sammizraNa hai| isIliye hammIramahAkAvya, kavitva kI dRSTi se, uccakoTi kI racanA hai jo saMskRta ke uttama kAvyoM se hor3a kara sakatA hai| dUsarI ora, saMskRta ke aitihAsika mahAkAvyoM meM kadAcit yahI ekamAtra aisA kAvya hai jise 'itihAsagrantha' kahA jA sakatA hai| kAvya aura itihAsa ke isa santulana meM hI 'aitihAsika mahAkAvya' saMjJA kI sArthakatA nihita hai| kheda hai, saMskRta-sAhitya meM adhika nayacandra nahIM hue| 84. hammIramahAkAvya meM aitihaya sAmagrI, pR. 41 85. hammIramahAkAvya meM varNita raNathambhora ke itihAsa (sarga 4-14) ke vivecana ke lie dekhiye merA lekha-Hamriramahakavya : A Unique Source of the History of Ranathambhor, Avagahana, Saradarshahar, Vol. II. 1, P.41-46.

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14. kumArapAlacarita : cAritrasundaragaNi prakhyAta cAlukyanareza kumArapAla kI dharma-prabhAvanA kA jina prabandhoM meM kRtajJatApUrvaka prazastigAna kiyA gayA hai, unameM cAritrasundaragaNi kA kumArapAlacarita' adhika jJAta nahIM hai| itihAsa-prathita nAyaka ke carita para Azrita hone ke kAraNa kumArapAlacarita kI gaNanA sAmAnyataH aitihAsika kAvyoM ke antargata kI jAtI hai, kintu isakA itihAsa-tattva bahudhA aspaSTa tathA bhrAmaka hai| kAvya kA adhikAMza kumArapAla tathA usake AdhyAtmika guru hemacandrasUri ke sambandhoM tathA kalikAlasarvajJa ke nirdezana meM usake dvArA kiye gaye jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke vistRta varNanoM meM khapA diyA gayA hai| kumArapAlacarita kA mahAkAvyatva __ kumArapAlacarita Alocya yuga kI una racanAoM meM hai, jinameM mahAkAvya ke paramparAgata lakSaNoM kA AMzika pAlana huA hai| isakI racanA sargabaddha kAvya ke rUpa meM huI hai, kintu isakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isake sargoM ko Age vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai, jo svatantra sargoM se kisI prakAra kama nahIM haiN| kAvya kA kathAnaka kumArapAla ke jIvanavRtta para AdhArita hai, jo itihAsa kA pratApI dhIrodAtta zAsaka tathA jaina dharma kA bahumAnita poSaka hai| kumArapAlacarita meM vIrarasa kI pradhAnatA hai, yadyapi ise kAvya ke aMgI rasa ke pada para AsIna karanA sambhavataH kavi ko iSTa nahIM hai / karuNa, raudra, bIbhatsa tathA adbhuta rasoM ko bhI yathocita sthAna milA hai| prastuta kAvya kA uddezya 'dharma' mAnA jA sakatA hai / mahApaNDita AcArya ke AdezAnusAra samUce zAsanatantra kI sahAyatA se Ahata dharma kA apratihata prasAra karanA kAvya kA pramukha lakSya hai| chandayojanA meM cAritrasundara ne mAnya paramparA kA pAlana nahIM kiyA hai / kAvya ke adhikatara sargoM meM hI nahIM, vargoM meM bhI, nAnA vRttoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| mahAkAvya kI rUDha paramparA ke anusAra kumArapAlacarita kA Arambha AzIrvAdAtmaka maMgalAcaraNa se hotA hai, jisameM mahAvIra svAmI, vAgdevI tathA AcArya hemacandra kI stuti kI gayI hai / kAvya kA zIrSaka tathA sargoM kA nAmakaraNa aura nagaravarNana, sajjana-prazaMsA Adi rUDhiyoM kA nirvAha bhI zAstra ke anukUla hai| 1. jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara se patrAkAra prakAzita, samvat 1973

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264 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya ina lakSaNoM ko chor3akara kumArapAlacarita meM mahAkAvya kA koI anya tattva dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| kAvya meM mukhyataH kumArapAla ke dhArmika utsAha kA varNana hone ke kAraNa isake kathAnaka meM anviti tathA vikAsa-krama kA abhAva hai| kAvya ke kucha sarga to eka dUsare se sarvathA nirapekSa tathA svatantra pratIta hote haiN| ataH kAvya kI kathAvastu meM nATaya-saMdhiyA~ khojanA vyartha hai| isake atirikta kumArapAlacarita meM na vastuvyApAra ke mahAkAvya-sulabha manorama varNana haiM, na samasAmayika yuga kI cetanA kA spandana hai, na prakRti-varNana kI sarasatA hai| isakI bhASA-zailI meM mahAkAvyocita prauDhatA tathA udAttatA nahIM hai / kumArapAlacarita meM ve sabhI zAzvata tattva vartamAna nahIM haiM, jinake kAraNa mahAkAvya amara pada ko prApta karatA hai| phira bhI ise mahAkAvya mAnanA anyAyya nahIM kyoMki daNDI ke zabdoM meM katipaya tattvoM ke abhAva meM kisI racanA kA mahAkAvyatva naSTa nahIM ho jAtA, yadi anya tattva puSTa tathA samRddha hoN| kavi ne bhI ise pratyeka sarga kI puSpikA meM mahAkAvya kI saMjJA dI hai-"iti bhaTTArakazrIratnasiMhasUriziSyopAdhyAyazrIcAritrasundaragaNiviracite zrIkumArapAlacarite mahAkAvye vaMzavarNano nAma prathamaH srgH|" kaviparicaya tathA racanAkAla kAvyaprazasti meM cAritrasundara ne kucha Atmaparicaya diyA hai / vRddhatapogaNa ke prakhyAta AcArya ratnAkarasUri jJAna ke sAkSAt sAgara the| unake nAma ke AdhAra para tapogaNa ne ratnAkaragaNa ke nAmAntara se khyAti prApta kii| ratnAkarasUri ke anukrama meM kramazaH abhaya siMha tathA jayacandra paTTa para AsIna hue| kumArapAlacarita ke praNetA cAritrasundara jayacandra ke paTTadhara ratnasiMhasUri ke ziSya the| kumArapAlacarita ke isa vivaraNa kI puSTi cAritrasundara ke mahIpAlacaritra kI prazasti se bhI hotI hai / cAritrasundara ke sAhitya-guru sambhavataH jayamUrti pAThaka the, isakA saMketa kumArapAlacarita ke nimnokta padya se milatA hai| ye majjADyatamo'harannijavacobhAbhiH prabhAvAMcitA, vizvodyotakarA pratApanikarA doSApahAH sUryavat / te modaM dadatAmamandamuditAnandAH sadAnandanAH zrImacchIjayamUrtipAThakavarA yogIzvarAH sarvadA // 10.38 kumArapAlacarita kI racanA zubhacandragaNi ke anurodha para kI gayI thI, isakA 2. nyUnamapyatra yaH kazcidaMgaiH kAvyaM na duSyati / yApAtteSu sampattirArAdhayati tadvidaH // kAvyAdarza, 1.20 3. kumArapAlacarita, 10.35 4. mahIpAlacaritra (patrAkAra), jAmanagara, saM0 1988, prazasti, 4-6

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kumArapAlacarita : cAritrasundaragaNi 265 ullekha svayaM kavi ne kiyA hai| cakre yadabhyarthanayA pavitraM caritametanmayA vicitram / pravartitAzeSazubhaH sa nityaM jIyAd gaNIzaH shubhcndrsNjnyH|| 10.36 kumArapAlacarita kA racanAkAla nizcita karane kA koI AdhArabhUta sAdhana upalabdha nahIM hai / kAvya bhI isa viSaya meM sarvathA mauna hai| jina ratnakoza ke anusAra prastuta kAvya kI racanA samvat 1487 (san 1430) meM huI thii| jinaratnakoza ke isa niSkarSa kA kyA AdhAra hai, yaha jJAta nhiiN| cAritrasundara kI anya kRtiyoM meM zIladUta, AcAropadeza tathA mahIpAlacaritra prasiddha haiN| zIladUta meghadUta kA samasyApUrti-rUpa vijJaptipatra hai| kathAnaka kumArapAlacarita dasa sargoM kA mahAkAvya hai| prathama sarga meM bhImadeva se jayasiMha taka kumArapAla ke pUrvajoM kA varNana hai| digvijaya se lauTane para jayasiMha ko jainAcAryoM kI ora se dazavarSIya zizu somacandra AzIrvAda detA hai| yahI somacandra padAdhirohaNa ke pazcAt hemacandra ke nAma se khyAti prApta karatA hai / dvitIya sarga meM siddharAja jayasiMha saMtAnahInatA se vikala hokara bhagavAn zaMkara kI ArAdhanA karatA hai| mahAdeva kumArapAla ko usakA rAjyadhara ghoSita karate haiN| yaha socakara ki kumArapAla ke jIvita rahate hue mujhe putra-prApti nahIM ho sakatI, jayasiMha usake samUce parivAra ko dhvasta karane kA SaDyaMtra banAtA hai / pahale vaha usake pitA kA vadha karavA detA hai, jisase bhIta hokara kumArapAla ko apane prANoM kI rakSA ke liye jagaha-jagaha asahAya bhaTakanA par3atA hai| tRtIya sarga meM siddha rAja ke dehAvasAna ke pazcAt kumArapAla ke rAjyAbhiSeka tathA mantri-putra Ambar3a evaM koMkaNanareza malikArjuna ke yuddha kA varNana hai| Ambar3a cAlukyanareza ko koMkaNarAja kA sira bheMTa karatA hai / caturtha sarga meM kumArapAla tathA hemacandra ke samparka aura AcArya kI preraNA se usake jainadharma svIkAra karane kA nirUpaNa hai| vaha mAMsa, madirA Adi samasta durvyasanoM ko chor3a detA hai tathA rAjya se bhI unheM bahiSkRta kara detA hai| paMcama sarga meM kumArapAla ko jainadharma meM dIkSita huA suna kara eka kAzIvAsI zaiva yogI use puna: paitRka dharma meM pravRtta karane ke liye AtA hai / vaha mantrabala se usake divaMgata mAtA-pitA ko prakaTa karatA hai, jo usake dharma parivartana ke kAraNa apanI durdazA kA bakhAna karate haiN| hemacandra dvArA dhyAnazakti se punaH prakaTa kiye jAne para ve devaloka meM apanI sukhazanti kA varNana karate haiN| mantra-tantra Adi se AcArya ko jItane meM asaphala hokara yogI devabodha ne unheM tarkavAda se parAjita karane kA nizcaya kiyA, kintu, chala-bala kA prayoga karane para bhI, use parAjaya kA 5. jinaratnakoza, bhAga 1, pR. 62

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266 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya apamAna sahanA pdd'aa| chaThe sarga meM yavanarAja ke AkramaNa, kumArapAla ke hAthoM zAkambharI-nareza arNorAja kI parAjaya aura saurASTra ke zAsaka suMsara tathA kumArapAla ke mantrI udayana ke yuddha kA varNana hai / udayana saurASTra- nareza kA vadha karane meM saphala hotA hai parantu bANoM se kSata-vikSata hokara svayaM bhI vIragati prApta karatA hai| sAtaveM sarga meM kumArapAla vAgbhaTa ko maMtrI tathA Ambar3a ko daNDapati niyukta karatA hai / kumArapAla putratulya mantrI ko rAjyabhAra sauMpa kara dharmakAryo meM pravRtta ho jAtA hai / AThaveM sarga meM kumArapAla kI dAnazIlatA, gurubhakti, dhArmika utsAha, prajAraMjana evaM udAratA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| hemacandra kI preraNA se vaha prajA ko niSThA pUrvaka jainadharma meM dIkSita karatA hai tathA amAnuSika sampatti adhikAra samApta kara detA hai | naveM sarga 'kumArapAla ke Agraha para AcArya hemacandra usake pUrva-bhava kA varNana karate haiM, jo unheM devI padmA ke dvArA arhatpati sImandhara se jJAta huA thA / dasaveM sarga meM kumArapAla vimalagiri tathA raivataka tIrthoM kI yAtrA karatA hai / tIrthayAtrA se pUrva DAhala- nareza karNa ke bhAvI AkramaNa kI sUcanA milatI hai, kintu, AkramaNa karane se pUrva hI, usakI mRtyu ho jAtI hai / sarga ke zeSAMza meM vAgbhaTa, AmrabhaTa ( Ambar3a ), hemacandra aura kumArapAla kI mRtyu tathA usase utpanna vyApaka zoka kA citraNa hai / kAvya ke uparyukta sAra se spaSTa hai ki kavi ne apane caritanAyaka ke jIvana vRtta ko lekara dasa sargoM kA vitAna khar3A kiyA hai / yaha vitAna zithila tantuoM se baMdhA huA hai / isaliye kAvya ke kathAnaka meM susambaddhatA tathA anviti kA abhAva hai / kAvya ke katipaya vargoM tathA sargoM meM to koI pArasparika sambandha nahIM hai / rasayojanA dharmavRddhi ke sImita uddezya ke poSaka kavi ke liye kAvya kA mahattva rocaka mAdhyama se adhika nahIM hai, para cAritrasundara ne dhArmika Aveza ke kAraNa kAvya 'kI AtmA kI upekSA nahIM kI, yaha santoSa kI bAta hai / usane manobhAvoM ke sarasa citraNa ke dvArA kAvya meM mArmika sthaloM kI zlAghya sRSTi kI hai / yadyapi usakI kalpanA taMga paridhi meM veSTita hai tathApi vibhinna rasoM kA citraNa karane meM usane dakSatA kA paricaya diyA hai / itihAsa ke parAkramI zAsaka ke jIvana se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa kumArapAlacarita meM vIrarasa kI pradhAnatA mAnI jA sakatI hai, bhale hI yaha kAvya kI samagra prakRti tathA vAtAvaraNa ke bahuta anukUla na ho / tRtIya sarga meM Ambar3a tathA koMkaNarAja aura chaThe sarga meM kumArapAla evam arNorAja ke yuddhoM ke varNana meM vIrarasa kA bhavya paripAka huA hai / cAritra sundara ke vIrarasa meM yoddhAoM kA eka dUsare para TUTanA, aTTahAsa karanA, hAthiyoM kA ciMghAr3anA Adi vIrarasAtmaka rUDhiyoM kA saMketa milatA hai, jo kAlAntara meM yuddha citraNa kI vizeSatAe~ bana gayIM /

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kumArapAla carita : cAritrasundaragaNi 267 nimnalikhita paMktiyA~ jinameM vIrarasa kI manorama chaTA dRSTigata hotI hai, ukta pravRtti kA AbhAsa detI haiM / AlokyArAnmantrirAT taM sametamAruhyoccairhastinaM pratyadhAvat / vizvAM vizvAM vyApayannAtmasainyairyadvaddarpAtpannagaM vainateyaH // 3.3.24 pUrNa pUrNa kahalAnAM ninAde ryuddhArambhe vyoma sainyadvayasya / dugdhaM dugdhAntargataM lakSyate no yadvattadvatsainyayugmaM tadAsIt // / 3.3.25 muMcantyeke cATTahAsAn bhaTaughA nazyantyeke kAtarA rAvavantaH / tanvantyeke yuddhamiddhoddhatAMgAH pazyantyeke pAtitAnAtmaneva // 3.3.27 pAMcaveM sarga meM kumArapAla ke divaMgata mAtA-pitA, zaiva yogI ke mantrabala se prakaTa hokara, usake dharma parivartana ke kAraNa apanI duravasthA kA varNana karate haiM / unake galita zarIra ke citraNa meM bIbhatsa rasa kI pragAr3ha niSpatti huI hai / durgandharuddhAkhila digvibhAgau kuSThena naSTAvayavo kRzAMgau / bhRzaM sravatpUtibharAvaliptau vikIrNakezAvRtadInavaktrau / / 5.1.27 nAnA prahAravraNajarjarAMgo pRSThideze dRDhabaddhahastau / dInaM raTantau ca nirIkSya tau te zokaM ca kutsAM ca dadhurnRpAdyAH / / 5.1.28 kumArapAla ke kuSThagalita vikalAMga mAtA-pitA yahA~ Alambana vibhAva haiN| unake zarIra kI durgaMdha, aMgoM se TapakatI pIka, asta-vyasta keza, mlAna mukha tathA Akrandana uddIpana vibhAva haiM / upasthita logoM ke dvArA zoka tathA kutsA prakaTa karanA anubhAva haiN| Avega, vyAdhi, moha Adi vyabhicArI bhAva haiM / inase samarthita sthAyI bhAva, jugupsA, bIbhatsarasa meM pariNata huA hai / isake viparIta hemAcArya ke dhyAnayoga se punaH bhUloka meM Akara ve apane devaloka ke sukhamaya jIvana kA varNana karate haiM aura usa sukha-zAnti ko kumArapAla ke nava-dharma kA phala mAnate haiM / unake yAna ke avataraNa kA varNana adbhuta rasa kI sRSTi karatA hai / vijitavidhurucibhyAM pArzvayozcAmarAbhyAm atilalitatanubhyAM bIjyamAnaM surIbhyAm / zirasi vidhRtacaMca cchatra mAlokya lokAH kimidamiti muhUrtaM te'bhavanmo havantaH // 5.2.11 chaThe sarga meM devaladevI, pATana Akara, pati dvArA kiye gaye apane apamAna kI duHkhapUrNa kahAnI apane bhAI kumArapAla ko sunAtI hai / bahanoI arNorAja kI uddaNDatA tathA durvyavahAra kI gAthA suna kara kumArapAla krodha se pAgala ho jAtA hai / usakI krodhapUrNa ceSTAoM ke citraNa meM raudra rasa ke anubhAvoM kI bAMkI jhAMkI dekhane ko milatI hai /

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268 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya taM taM tena kRtaM kRtAntasadRzemAgazca yaM zRNvato roSeNAruNadAruNAkSiyugalasyootthitaromAvale / zatrUNAmanizaM vinAzapizuna: ketustatAnAspadaM tasyAsye bhrakuTicchalena vipule vyomnIva bhUmIpateH // 6.3.24 yahA~ kumArapAla kA hRdayavartI krodha sthAyIbhAva hai| arNorAja Alambana vibhAva hai| bahina devaladevI kA apamAna tathA usake dvArA kumArapAla ke sAmane usakA varNana uddIpana vibhAva haiN| bahina kI durdazA sunakara kumArapAla kI A~khoM kA lAla honA, zarIra kA krodha se romAMcita honA tathA bhauMhoM kA car3hanA anubhAva haiM / amarSa, moha, AkSepa Adi saMcArI bhAva haiM / ina vibhAvoM tathA saMcArI bhAvoM se puSTa hokara sthAyI bhAva krodha kI pariNati raudra rasa meM huI hai| adhikatara jaina kaviyoM ne jahA~ rone-dhone meM karuNarasa kI sArthakatA mAnI hai, vahA~ cAritrasundara ne usakI painI vyaMjanA se hRdgata zoka kA saMketa kiyA hai / samarabhUmi meM mantrI udayana kI mRtyu kA samAcAra sunakara rAjA kumArapAla kA mu~ha zoka se mlAna ho gyaa| 'zyAmavaktra' zabda meM karuNA kI asIma gahanatA chipI jJAtvA vRttaM kumAro mRtamiti zocayan (?) shyaamvktrH| protphullAsyo jayenAjayadasitatamAmaSTamI rAtrimevam // 6.4.31 caritracitraNa kumArapAlacarita meM kAvyanAyaka ke atirikta hemacandra, udayana, vAgbhaTa, kRSNa, Ambar3a Adi kaI pAtra haiM, parantu unake caritra kA samAna vikAsa nahIM huA hai| kumArapAla tathA hemacandra ke vyatiktva kI bhI kucha rekhAe~ hI kAvya meM aMkita huI haiN| kumArapAla __kumArapAla kAvya kA nAyaka hai| kAvya meM usake caritra kI do virodhI vizeSatAe~ dRSTigata hotI haiM- rAjocita parAkrama evaM nItimattA aura avicala dhArmika ttprtaa| siMhAsanAsIna hone se pUrva use, jayasiMha kI vairapUrNa durnIti ke kAraNa, vikaTa paristhitiyoM tathA hRdayabedhaka kaThinAiyoM se jUjhanA par3atA hai, kintu apanI sUjhabUjha tathA sAdhana-sampannatA se vaha una saba para vijaya pAtA hai aura kaSToM kI usa bhaTThI se kundana banakara nikalatA hai| rAjyAbhiSeka ke pazcAt usakI nItinipuNatA ko unmukta vihAra kA avasara milatA hai| siMhAsanArUr3ha hote hI vaha, kuzala tathA dUradarzI prazAsaka hone ke nAte, apanI zakti ko dRr3ha banAne meM juTa jAtA hai / vaha virodhI zAsakoM ko svayaM athavA mantriyoM ke mAdhyama se dharAzAyI karatA hai / AjJA kI bAra-bAra avahelanA karane vAle kRSNa ko, bharI sabhA meM, prANadaNDa dekara vaha apanI kaThora prazAsanika nIti tathA kArya-tatparatA kI nirdaya misAla peza karatA hai /

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kumArapAlacarita : cAritrasundaragaNi 266 astvevamevaM nigadannarezo'lunAcchirastasya zitAsinA sH| kRtAntatulyaM tamavetya sarvaH sabhAjanaH kSobhamavApa bADham // 3.2.26 AcArya hemacandra se samparka hone ke pazcAt usakI jIvanadhArA nayA mor3a letI hai / unake AdezAnusAra vaha pATana meM apane kuladevatA bhagavAna zaMkara kA mandira banavAtA hai / kAlAntara meM vaha paramparAgata zaiva dharma chor3a kara Aheta dharma svIkAra karatA hai| unakI satpreraNA se vaha jIvahiMsA para pratibandha lagAtA hai, svayaM mAMsamadirA Adi durvyasana chor3a detA hai, tIrthayAtrA karatA hai tathA sampatti-adhikAra kA pAzavika niyama tathA pazubali kI krUra prathA samApta kara detA hai aura AcArya ke mukha se tiresaTha zalAkApuruSoM kA carita sunatA hai / nava-dharma ke prati usake utsAha tathA niSThA kA anumAna isI se kiyA jA sakatA hai ki vaha nAnA pAritoSika dekara prajAjanoM ko tatparatA se jainadharma meM dIkSita karatA hai| vaha jainadharma kI ahiMsA kA sandeza jana-jana taka pahu~cAne ko Atura hai| isake liye bala-prayoga karane meM bhI use hicaka nhiiN| kumArapAla ke carita meM krUratA tathA dayAlutA kA vicitra samanvaya hai / hemacandra ___ AcArya hemacandrasUri kumArapAla ke AdhyAtmika guru tathA pathapradarzaka haiM / ve mahAn paNDita tathA vibhUtisampanna mahApuruSa haiN| zaizava meM hI unakI divyatA kA paricaya milatA hai / dasa varSa kI alpAvasthA meM vijayI jayasiMha ko bhAvapUrNa AzIrvAda dekara ve sabako vismita kara dete haiN| ve apanI dhyAnazakti se kumArapAla ke divaMgata mAtA-pitA ko prakaTa karate haiM, maMtrabala se devI kaNTezvarI tathA yavanarAja ko bAMdhate haiM tathA kumArapAla ke pUrvajanma kA varNana karate haiM / kumArapAla ko jainadharma meM dIkSita karane tathA use durvyasanoM se ubAra kara janahita meM pravRtta karane kA zreya hemacandra ko hai| kumArapAla unheM apanA saccA hitaiSI tathA mArgadarzaka mAnatA hai aura gAr3he samaya meM sadaiva unake parAmarza ke anusAra AcaraNa karatA hai| kumArapAla ke jIvana meM AcArya itane ghule-mile haiM ki unake binA usakI kalpanA karanA sambhava nahIM hai| vaha unakI chAyA-mAtra hai| unake svargArohaNa se kumAra ko jo prabala AghAta lagA, vaha AcArya ke gaurava tathA unake prati kumArapAla kI asIma zraddhA kA pratIka hai| udayana udayana cAlukyanareza kA priya mantrI hai| vaha raNakuzala tathA vIra yoddhA hai| vaha balazAlI saurASTranareza ko parAsta karane meM saphala hotA hai kintu isa saphalatA ke liye use apane prANoM kI Ahuti denI par3atI hai| kumArapAla ko usake nidhana se bahuta duHkha hotA hai, jo usakI svAmibhakti kA dyotaka hai|

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300 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya kRSNa kRSNa kumArapAla kA bahanoI tathA senApati hai| siddharAja ke nidhana ke pazcAt rAjya prApta karane meM vaha kumArapAla kI paryApta sahAyatA karatA hai / parantu jaba vaha kumArapAla ko usake prArambhika jIvana ke viSaya meM upAlambha dekara lajjita karane lagA aura samajhAne-bujhAne para bhI nahIM mAnA to kumArapAla apanA mArga niSkaNTaka karane ke lie usakA sira kATa detA hai| bhASA cAritrasundara ne apane uddezya kI pUrti ke lie bhASA-saundarya kI ora adhika dhyAna nahIM diyA hai| kumArapAlacarita kI bhASA praur3hatA se vaMcita hai / kAvya meM sarala tathA sugama bhASA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jisase vaha sAdhAraNa pAThaka ke lie bhI bodhagamya ho sake / isIlie vaha kliSTatA tathA durUhatA se sarvathA mukta hai / apanI bhASA ko sarvajanagamya banAne ke lie kavi ne usakI zuddhatA kI bali dene meM bhI saMkoca nahIM kiyA hai| kAvya meM vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se cintya prayoga bhI dRSTigata hote haiM / 'prApya' ke sthAna para 'Apya' kA (7.1.33), siddha rAjasya tathA malikArjunarAjasya ke lie 'siddharAjJaH' tathA 'malikArjunarAjJaH' (1.2.36,3.3.1) kA prayoga kavi ne isa sahajatA se kiyA hai mAno isameM kucha bhI Apattijanaka na ho| yahA~ vaha kAvyadoSa hai, jise sAhityazAstra meM 'cyutasaMskAra' kahA gayA hai / cAritrasundara kI bhASA meM 'adhika' doSa bhI dRSTigata hotA hai| tAratamyabodhaka 'ruciratara' ke sAtha AdhikyavAcaka 'ati' kA prayoga anAvazyaka hai (2.3.4) / isI prakAra chandapUrti ke lie zabdoM ke vAstavika rUpa ko vikRta karane meM bhI kavi ko koI hicaka nahIM hai / kumAra ke lie adhikatara kumara kA prayoga chanda-prayoga meM kavi kI asamarthatA kA pariNAma hai (2.2.70; 2.3.37) / isI akSamatA ke kAraNa kavi me kahIM-kahIM sandhi ko bhI tilAJjali dI hai / 'varSARto' pada kevala chandapUrti ke AdhAra para kSamya ho sakatA hai / kumArapAlacarita kI bhASA meM 'nissAna' (2.4.14) tathA caMga (7.1.6) Adi kucha dezI zabda bhI prayukta kiye gaye haiN| cAritrasundara ke kAvya meM yAyAvara padyoM kA samAveza karane kI vicitra pravRtti dikhAI detI hai| 'Arabhyate na khalu vighnabhayena nIcaH' tathA 'vijetavyA laMkA caraNataraNIyazca jaladhiH' Adi aise padya haiM, jo sAhitya meM pahale hI suvijJAta haiN| phira bhI kumArapAlacarita kI bhASA prasaMgAnukUla hai| usakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ojapUrNa prasaMgoM meM bhI unakI saralatA yathAvat banI rahatI hai / adhikatara ekarUpa hone para bhI usameM varNya bhAva ke anurUpa vAtAvaraNa nirmita karane kI kSamatA hai| hemacandra kI mRtyu tathA usase utpanna zoka ke varNana kI bhASA bhAva kI anugAminI hai|

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kumArapAlacarita : cAritrasundaragaNi 301 ahaha sRjasi dhAtavizvavizvAvataMsaM puruSamakhilavidyAvantamudyatprazaMsam / tamapi yamasamIpaM prApayannAtmanava vrajasi bata ! vinAzaM kiM kRtaghneza na tvam // 10.2.12 nItiparaka prasaMgoM meM saralatama bhASA prayukta kI gayI hai| janasAdhAraNa meM nItikathanoM ko turanta AtmasAt karane tathA dainika jIvana meM unakA upayoga karane kI svAbhAvika pravRtti hotI hai| ata: inakI bhASA kA sahaja tathA subodha honA parama Avazyaka hai| vivekadIpo hRdi tAvadeva sphuratyaho darzitadharmamArgaH / unmUlitAcAravicAravRkSo na vAti yAvatkila kAmavAyuH // 1.2.6 upakAro'pakAro vA yasya vrajati vismRtim / pASANahRdayasyAsya jIvatItyabhidhA mudhA // 4.1.12 mitampacazrIradhamottamecchA suraMgadhUlI kusumaM vanasya / chAyA ca kUpasya vinAzamate paMcApi tatraiva kila prayAnti // 10.1.34 kumArapAlacaritra meM vibhinna prasaMgoM meM, kucha saTIka sUktiyA~ prayukta huI haiN| unameM se kucha ullekhanIya haiM-putrasneho hi dustyajaH (1.3.41), parakRte kurvanti kiM nottamA: (7.1.41), abdhinA kaH samastena yadvelA api dustarA (8.2.30), karmAbhuktaM kSIyate no (6.2.38) / ___ kumArapAlacarita kI bhASA meM bhale hI prauDhatA na ho, usameM saralatA kA saundarya hai / yahI usakA AkarSaNa hai| alaMkAra-vidhAna ___kumArapAlacarita ke kartA kA uddezya sarala-subodha bhASA meM jainadharma ke eka samartha prabhAvaka kA parita vaNita karanA hai| isaliye yaha vidvattA-pradarzana ke eka pramukha upakaraNa, anAvazyaka alaMkRti, se AkrAMta nahIM hai| usakI zailI meM alaMkAra svA: bhAvikatA se prayukta hue haiN| ve sadA bhAvabhivyakti meM sahAyaka hoM, yaha to nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kintu unhoMne kAvya-saundarya ko prasphuTita avazya kiyA hai| zabdAlaMkAroM meM, kumArapAlacarita meM, anuprAsa kA bAhulya hai / anuprAsa kAvya meM madhuratA kA janaka hai / jayasiMha kI digvijaya-samApti ke nimnokta padya meM aMtyAnuprAsa kA mAdhurya dekhiye iti jitanikhilAzaH sarvasampUritAzaH kRtasukRtavikAzaH zatruketuprakAzaH / kalitasakaladezaH sotsavaM gurjarezaH svapuramatha narezaH svargatulyaM viveza // 1.2.36 yamaka aura zleSa se bhASA meM anAvazyaka kliSTatA AtI hai tathA ve rasacarvaNA

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302 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya maiM bAdhaka hote haiM, ata: kumArapAlacarita meM unakA bahuta kama prayoga kiyA gayA hai / vijayI jayasiMha kA yaha prazastigAna yamaka para AdhArita hai / jIva jIvasama / vidyayA sadAnanda / nandanasamAna / samAna / nanda nandasama | dAnanirastakarNa / karNasuta / siddhanarendra // 1.2.67 arthAlaMkAroM meM rUpaka, dRSTAnta, arthAntaranyAsa, sahokti, atizayokti, vyAjastuti, virodha, parisaMkhyA, samAsokti Adi prasiddha alaMkAroM ko bhAva prakAzana kA mAdhyama banAyA gayA hai / kumArapAla ke pUrva-bhava ke varNana ke prasaMga meM rUpaka kA yaha rocaka prayoga darzanIya hai / guruvacanasudhAbhistAbhirevaM prasikto hRdayavartI nirvaat kopavahniH / 6.2.11 yogI devabodha kI AtmavikatthanA atizayokti meM prakaTa huI hai / usakI vAkpaTutA ke samakSa bRhaspati, brahmA aura mahezvara bhI mUka haiM / bRhaspatiH kiM kurutAM varAko brahmApi jihmo bhavati kSaNena / mayi sthite vAdikandrasihe nevAkSaraM vetti mahezvaro'pi // 5.3.4 nimnokta padya meM kumArapAla kI prIti, pratIti prabhutA tathA pratiSThA kA - kramaza: guru, dharma, zarIra tathA trilokI ke sAtha sambandha hone ke kAraNa yathAsaMkhya alaMkAra hai / prItiH pratItiH prabhutA pratiSThA tasyAbhavad bhUmipateH prakRSTA / gurau ca dharme vapuSi trilokyAM pakSe site candrakaleva nityam // 10.1.2 Ambar3a ne koMkaNarAja ke chatra ke sAtha hI usakI kIrti ko bhUmisAt kara - diyA / yaha sahokti hai / kI sAkaM kaMkapatreNa dhAtryAM zatrozchatraM pAtayAmAsa pazcAt / 3.3.46 chanda yojanA chandoM ke prayoga meM kumArapAlacaritra meM ghora arAjakatA hai / isake adhikatara sargoM meM hI nahIM, vargoM meM bhI, nAnA vRttoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| jina sa tathA vargoM meM eka chanda kA prAdhAnya hai, unameM bhI kavi ne bIca-bIca meM anya chandoM - kA samAveza kara aisA ghoTAlA kara diyA hai ki isa druta chanda-parivartana se pAThaka mAMjhalA uThatA hai / chanda-yojanA meM kavi ne jisa zrama kA vyaya kiyA hai, yadi usakA upayoga vaha anyatra karatA to usakI racanA adhika AkarSaka bana sakatI thI / kumArapAlacarita meM, kula milAkara, teIsa chanda prayukta hue haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM-- anuSTup indravajrA, upendravajrA, upajAti, zAlinI, svAgatA, bhujaMgaprayAta, drutavilambita, rathoddhatA, vasantatilakA, mAlinI, hariNI, zikhariNI, mandAkrAntA,

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kumArapAlacarita : cAritra sundaragaNi 303 zArdUlavikrIDita, sragdharA, daNDaka, sragviNI, vaMzastha AryA, aura gAthA / do chandoM ke nAma jJAta nahIM ho sake haiM / kAvya meM upajAti kI pradhAnatA hai / isake bAda anuTup kA sthAna hai / kumArapAlacarita meM aitihAsika sAmagrI kumArapAlacarita kA aitihAsika vRtta sarvatra asaMdigdha athavA vizvasanIya nahIM hai, kintu isase anahilavAr3a ke caulukyavaMza, vizeSakara kumArapAla ke itihAsa kI kucha jAnakArI milatI hai, jisake satyAsatya kA parIkSaNa, vastusthiti se avagata hone ke liye Avazyaka hai / kAvya kA aitihAsika vRtta bhImadeva se prArambha hotA hai, jo gujarAta ke cAlukyavaMza ke saMsthApaka mUlarAja kA pratApI vaMzaja thA / cAritrasundara kA kathana hai ki usake putra kSemarAja ne rAjya kA vAstavika uttarAdhikArI hote hue bhI, rAjyasattA svecchA se apane vimAtRja bhAI karNa ko sauMpa dI thI / yadyapi prabandhacintAmaNi Adi meM bhI aisA vivaraNa milatA hai, kintu kSemarAja ko sambhavataH apanI mAtA kI cAritrika pRSThabhUmi ke kAraNa rAjyAdhikAra se vaMcita rahanA par3A thA, jo vastutaH vAravanitA thI para usake rUpa para rIjha kara bhImadeva ne use apane antaHpura meM rakha liyA thA / kAvya meM karNa ke liye prayukta 'varNavrajapUjitasya ' (1.1.40 ) vizeSaNa kI kadAcit yahI dhvani hai ki kSemarAja abhijAtavarga ko mAnya nahIM thA / use rAjyadAna kA zreya denA atiraMjanA mAtra hai / cAritrasundara ke kathana se yaha niSkarSa avazya nikalatA hai ki kSemarAja tathA karNa ke sambandha sauhArdapUrNa the aura ve sautele bhAiyoM kI paramparAgata DAha se mukta the / jayasiMha ke vRttAnta meM bhI satyAsatya kA mizraNa hai / aSTavarSIya zizu jayasiMha ke Upara rAjya kA durvaha bhAra lAdane kI karNa ke liye kyA vivazatA thI, yaha kAvya - se spaSTa nahIM hai / siddharAja kI mAlavavijaya kI ghaTanA satya tathA pramANa-puSTa hai / " vaDanagaraprazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki jayasiMha ne mAlavapradeza ko apane rAjya meM milA liyA thA / kintu digvijaya ke antargata usake dvArA parAjita dezoM kI sUcI - karNATaka, lATa, magadha, aMga, kaliMga, vaMga, kazmIra, kIra tathA marupradeza' - paramparAgata pratIta hotI hai / kumArapAla ke prati jayasiMha kA amAnuSika vaira itihAsa prasiddha hai / yaha vaira 6. kumArapAlacarita, 1.1.40-41 7. vahI, 1.2.28 vahI, 1.2.34-35 8. 2. vahI, 1.2.38

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304 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya kumArapAla ke nartakI kA vaMzaja hone ke kAraNa nahIM thA, jaisA merutuMga ne mAnA hai| isake gambhIratara kAraNa the / jayasiMha kI santAnahInatA ne kumArapAla ko usakA bhAvI uttarAdhikArI banA diyA thaa| yaha sambhAvanA siddharAja ko sahya nahIM thii| ataH usane kumArapAla ko samApta karane kA SaDyantra banAyA, jisase bhIta hokara use satata sAta varSa ajJAtavAsa karanA pdd'aa| kumArapAla ke isa pravAsa kI puSTi muslima itihAsakAroM ke vivaraNoM se bhI hotI hai| usake pitA tribhuvanapAla kA vadha siddharAja ke isI dhvaMsakArI kucakra kA pariNAma thaa| __ jayasiMha kI mRtyu ke pazcAt rAjya prApta karane meM kumArapAla ko apane bahanoI senApati kRSNa se yatheSTa sahAyatA milI thI / yaha itihAsa kI viDambanA hai ki jisa kRSNa ne gAr3he samaya meM kumArapAla kA mArga darzana tathA sahAyatA kI thI, use hI cAlukyarAja kI talavAra kA zikAra bananA pdd'aa|" prabandhacintAmaNi se kumArapAla kI isa rAjanItika kaThoratA kI puSTi hotI hai (pR. 76) / kAvya meM kumArapAla ke vijaya-abhiyAnoM kI bhI carcA hai| koMkaNanareza malikArjuna ko kumArapAla kA mantrI Ambar3a dvitIya AkramaNa meM hI parAjita kara sakA thaa| yaha ghaTanA san 1162 se pUrva kI hai kyoMki usI varSa malikArjuna ke uttarAdhikArI aparAditya kA zAsana prArambha hotA hai / saurASTra-yuddha ko jana kavi ne dhArmika cazme se dekhA hai / ajahatyA kA yuddha kA kA kAraNa mAnanA hAsyAspada hai| zrI bhagavAnalAla kA mata hai ki yaha yuddha san 1148 ke karIba huA thaa| kamArapAlacarita meM kumArapAla tathA zAkambharI-nareza arNorAja ke itihAsa. prasiddha yuddha kA varNana hai| cAritrasundara ke vivaraNa ke anusAra kumArapAla kI bahina devaladevI arNorAja kI patnI thii| zataMraja khelate samaya eka dina arNorAja ne goTI ke liye mAri (hiMsA.) zabda kA prayoga kiyA jisase devaladevI kI ahiMsAtmaka bhAvanA ko Thesa phuNcii| usake prativAda karane para zAkambharI-nareza ne usa para pAMva se prahAra kiyA / apanI bahina ke isa apamAna se uttejita hokara kumArapAla ne zAkambharI para AkramaNa kara diyaa| yuddha meM arNorAja parAjita huA, para bahina ke anurodha para kumArapAla ne usakA prANAnta nahIM kiyA / sAdhanoM kA bAhulya hote hue bhI isa cAlukya-cauhAna yuddha kA svarUpa spaSTa nahIM 10. AIne akabarI, khaNDa 2, pR. 263. 11. kumArapAlacarita, 3.2.2-11. 12. lakSmIzaMkara vyAsaH caulukya kumArapAla, pR. 114 13. vahI, pR. 115. 14. kumArapAlacarita, 6.3.6-45.

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kumArapAlacarita : cAritrasundaragaNi 305 hai / hemacandra tathA merutuMga ke bhinna vivaraNoM ke AdhAra para kucha vidvAnoM ne kumArapAla tathA arNorAja ke do yuddhoM kI kalpanA kI hai / unakA vicAra hai ki prathama AkramaNa arNorAja kI ora se huA thaa| isameM kumArapAla parAjita huA aura use AkrAntA zAkambharI-nareza ko apanI bahina devaladevI dene kA apamAna sahanA pdd'aa| parAjaya ke apamAna kA badalA lene ke liye cAlukyarAja ne, avasara pAkara, zAkambharI ko ghera liyaa| isa bAra vijaya use prApta huI / 15 khela ke parihAsa ko yuddha kA kAraNa mAnanA jaina kavi ke dhArmika utsAha kA vidrUpa hai| devaladevI kA ukta yuddha se koI sambandha nahIM hai / vastutaH kumArapAla kI devaladevI nAmaka koI bahina nahIM thI / siddharAja jayasiMha kI putrI kAMcanadevI arNorAja se vivAhita avazya thI parantu cAlukya-cauhAna saMgharSa meM usakI koI bhUmikA nahIM rahI hai / devaladevI, jisa para yuddha kA dAyitva thoMpA gayA hai, jaina kaviyoM tathA prabandhakAroM kI kalpanA kI upaja hai / kumArapAla tathA arNorAja kI bhir3anta avazya hI do bAra huI thI, kintu usake kAraNa zuddha rAjanItika the, jinakA rocaka vivecana anyatra par3hA jA sakatA hai|" vaDanagaraprazasti (zloka 14, 18) se vidita hotA hai ki yaha yuddha samvat 1208 (san 1151) se pUrva samApta ho cukA thaa| cAritrasundara ne kumArapAla ke mAlavayuddha kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, yadyapi mAlavavijaya usake rAjanItika jIvana kI mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi thii| gajanI ke maleccha ko hemacandra dvArA mantrabala se bAMdhane kI kalpanA sarvathA anaMtihAsika hai| ___ isa prakAra kumArapAlacarita meM, katipaya prAmANika tathyoM ko chor3akara, bahudhA itihAsa kA viparyAsa prastuta kiyA gayA hai / cAritrasundara ne janazruti tathA jaina prabandhoM se kumArapAla ke viSaya meM jo kucha jJAta huA, use yathAvat svIkAra kara liyaa| usake dhArmika Aveza ne itihAsa ke sAtha nyAya nahIM kiyA hai| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki cAritrasundara kI pratibhA usake uddezya kI bandinI hai| yadi vaha dharmotsAha ke taMga ghere se nikala kara unmukta vAtAvaraNa meM zvAsa lene kA prayAsa karatA to usakI kAvyakalA kA utkRSTa rUpa sAmane AtA aura vaha itihAsa ke sAtha bhI nyAya kara paataa| 15. harabilAsa sAradA : spIcesa eNDa rAiTiMgsa, 285-286 16. bhAratakImudI, bhAga 2, pR.87876 17. vahI, pR. 182-884

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15. vastupAlacarita : jina harSagaNi jina harSa kA vastupAlacarita bhI aitihAsika mahAkAvya mAnA jAtA hai / isake ATha vizAlakAya prastAvoM meM caulukya nareza vIradhavala ke nItinipuNa mahAmAtya vastupAla kI vIratA, udAratA, kUTanItika kauzala, lokakalyANa, sAhitya- prema tathA jaina dharma ke prati apAra utsAha tathA usakI gaurava - vRddhi ke lie kiye gaye athaka prayatnoM kA sAMgopAMga varNana kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH kAvya meM vastupAla tathA usake anuja tejaHpAla donoM kA jIvanacarita gumphita hai, kintu vastupAla ke garimApUrNa vyaktitva ke prakAza meM tejapAla kA vRtta manda par3a gayA hai, yadyapi donoM ke caritoM kA kAvya meM aisA mizraNa hai ki eka ko dUsare se pRthak karanA prAya: asambhava hai / vastupAla kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa hI kAvya kA nAma vastupAlacarita rakhA gayA hai / aitihAsika pAtroM ko dharmotthAna kA mAdhyama banAne kI rIti nayI nahIM hai, kintu jisa prakAra kavi ne kAvya ko apane dhArmika utsAha kA dAsa banAyA hai, vaha kAvya tathA itihAsa donoM ke prati anyAya hai / vastupAlacarita kA mahAkAvyatva vastupAlacarita kI racanA meM jina mAnadaNDoM kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai, unakA sambandha mahAkAvya kI AtmA kI apekSA zarIra se adhika hai / kAvya kA kathAnaka vastupAla ke udAtta carita para Azrita hai, jo madhyakAlIna bhAratIya itihAsa kA dedIpyamAna nakSatra hai / vastupAla dhIrodAtta zreNI kA nAyaka hai, yadyapi vaha kSatriyakulaprasUta nahIM, vaNikkula kA ratna hai / anya katipaya jaina kAvyoM kI bhA~ti vastupAlacarita meM tIvra rasavyaMjanA kA abhAva hai / prasaMgavaza vIra tathA karuNarasa kA pallavana kAvya meM huA hai / vIrarasa ko hI vastupAlacarita kA aMgI rasa mAnA jA sakatA hai, jo zAstra ke anukUla hai / zAstrIya niyama ke anusAra vastupAlacarita ke kathAnaka ko ATha vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai, jinakI saMjJA yahA~ 'prastAva' hai / pratyeka prastAva kA kalevara paryApta vistRta hai / vastupAlacarita ko sAmAnyataH sargabaddha kahA jA sakatA hai, yadyapi usake hara prastAva meM niyamAnusAra kisI eka prasaMga kA pratipAdana nahIM huA hai balki unameM vividha prakAra kI sAmagrI bharI par3I hai / chandoM ke prayoga meM jinaharSa ko zAstrIya vidhAna mAnya nahIM hai / kAvya ke pratyeka prastAva meM nAnA vRttoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jo spaSTataH mAnya paramparA kA ullaMghana hai 1. jAmanagara se patrAkAra prakAzita, samvat 1968

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vastupAlacarita : jinaharSagaNi 307 kyoMki mahAkAvya meM chanda-vaividhya eka-do sargoM meM hI kAmya hai / jinaharSa kI bhASA mahAkAvyocita prauDhatA se rahita hai / mahAmAtya ke samakAlIna kaviyoM tathA sAhitya ke anya bahupracalita zatAdhika padyoM kA kAvya meM samAveza karane se isakI maulikatA para praznacihna laga jAtA hai / isakI yathAvadvarNanAtmaka tathA aparimArjita zailI bhI mahAkAvya ke lie adhika upayukta nahIM hai / kAvya kI racanA jainadharma ke mAhAtmya ke prakAzana tathA usake pracAra ke sImita uddezya se huI hai / isa prakAra vastupAlacarita meM mahAkAvya ke svarUpavidhAyaka kucha tattva hI dikhAI dete haiM / to bhI, jaina mahAkAvyoM ke sandarbha meM vastupAlacarita ko sAmAnyataH mahAkAvya mAnane meM afar Apatti nahIM honI cAhie / vastupAlacarita kA svarUpa vastupAlacarita ko aitihAsika racanA mAnA jAtA hai / niHsaMdeha isase caulukyavaMza, dhaulakA - nareza vIradhavala, vizeSakara usake prakharamati amAtya vastupAla tathA tejaHpAla ke viSaya meM kucha upayogI jAnakArI prApta hotI hai / kintu ina sUkSma aitihAsika saMketoM ko paurANikatA ke cakravyUha meM banda kara diyA gayA hai / 4556 padyoM ke isa bRhat kAvya meM kavi ne aitihAsika sAmagrI para 200-250 se adhika padya vyaya karanA upayukta nahIM samajhA hai / vastupAlacarita meM paurANika kAvyoM kI vizeSatAe~ itanI prabala tathA puSTa haiM ki isakI aitihAsikatA unakI partoM meM pUrNataH daba gayI hai / paurANika kAvyoM kI bhA~ti vastupAlacarita jainadharma kI garimA kA vAhaka hai / pratyeka prastAva meM dharmadezanA kI yojanA karanA isI dRSTikoNa kA dayanIya parinAma hai / dharmopadeza kI yaha pravRtti paMcama prastAva meM parAkASThA ko pahu~ca gayI hai / ina dezanAoM ke dvArA kaviyoM ko apane pracArAtmaka uddezya kI pUrti ke liye abAdha svatantratA mila jAtI hai / jinaharSa ne isa svatantratA kA pUrA upayoga kiyA hai / jainadharma ko sarvottama tathA anya matoM ko heya' batalAne kA AdhAra yahI pracAravAdI dRSTikoNa hai / isI dhArmika durAgraha ke kAraNa naravarmA kI sabhA meM upasthita anya matAnuyAyiyoM kI vicAradhArA asvIkAra kara dI jAtI hai / vastupAlacarita meM, purANoM kI bhA~ti, pUrva-bhavoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / pA~caveM prastAva meM gaNadhara, sura kI akAraNa harSAnubhUti kI vyAkhyA usake pUrva janma ke varNana ke dvArA karate haiM / zatruMjaya, raivataka Adi dhArmika sthAnoM, tIrthayAtrAoM tathA anya dhArmika anuSThAnoM kA varNana bhI TheTha paurANika zailI meM huA hai / vastutaH kAvya kA adhikAMza tIrtha 2. ( a ) pradhAnaM sarvadharmANAM jainaM jayati zAsanam / vastupAlacarita, 4.503 (A) atha mithyAdRzaH krUrasvAntAH zaivatapodhanAH / vahI 8.48

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308 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya mAhAtmyoM, caityanirmANa, pratimA-pratiSThA, jIrNoddhAra Adi ke avirAma varNanoM se Acchanna hai / kAvya meM alokika ghaTanAoM kI pracuratA hai / jinaharSa ke pAtra mantrabala se AkAza meM vihAra karate haiN| divya vastuoM kI prApti ke liye devatAoM kI ArAdhanA kI jAtI hai / alaukika zaktiyA~ svapna meM prakaTa hokara pAtroM kA mArgadarzana karatI haiM / purANoM kI taraha vastupAlacarita meM atIta tathA vartamAna kI ghaTanAoM ko bhaviSyat kAla ke dvArA varNita kiyA gayA hai| apane mantavya ke samarthana meM AgamoM se uddharaNa diye gaye haiM tathA 'madana uvAca', 'atra zlokasaMgrahaH', 'yataH' Adi gadyAMzoM ko navIna vaktavya prArambha karane ke liye prayukta kiyA gayA hai| vastupAlacarita kI samUcI prakRti paurANika kAvyoM ke samAna hai| aitihAsika itivRtta ke kAraNa kevala saukaryavaza isakA vivecana yahA~ aitihAsika mahAkAvyoM ke antargata kiyA jA rahA hai| kavi-paricaya tathA racanAkAla ___ vastupAlacarita ke anta meM jinaharSa ne, kAvya-prazasti meM, apanI guru-paramparA tathA racanAkAla ke sambandha meM upayogI jAnakArI dI hai| tapAgaccha ke pravartaka jagaccandra ke paTTadhara devendra guru the| unake dezanA-samAja kA sabhApatitva svayaM gvhAmAtya vastupAla kiyA karate the| unakI samRddha ziSya-paramparA meM somasundara kA nAma ullekhanIya hai / utkRSTa guNoM ke kAraNa unakI tulanA gaNadhara sudharmA se kI jAtI thii| unake do ziSyoM ne vizeSa khyAti arjita kii| muni sundarasUri apanI bauddhika upalabdhiyoM ke phalasvarUpa bRhaspati nAma se khyAta hue| unake dUsare ziSya jayacandrasUri vastupAlacarita ke kartA jinaharSa ke guru the| prastuta kAvya kI racanA jinaharSa ne citrakUTapura (cittor3a) ke jinezvara mandira meM, samvat 1467 (san 1440) meM kI thii| vikramArkAnvite varSe vishvnndssisNkhyyaa| citrakUTapure puNye zrIjinezvarasadmani // vastupAlacarita meM usane apane pUrvavartI tathA samavartI aneka kaviyoM ke saiMkar3oM padyoM kA samAveza kiyA hai (8.674) / kAvya kA prathama Adarza jinaharSa ke sudhI ziSya somanandigaNi ne likhA thaa| somanandigaNIziSyo vinayI viduraagrnniiH| gurubhaktyA lilekhAsya vRttasya prathamAM pratim // vastupAlacarita ke atirikta unakI ratnazekharakathA (cittaur3a meM racita), 3. vastupAlacarita, prazasti, 8 4. vahI, 11 5. vastupAlacarita, 81674 (a)

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vastupAlacarita : jinaharSagaNi 309 vizati-sthAnaka-vicArAmRta (samvat 1502), pratikramaNavidhi (samvat 1525) tathA ArAmazobhAcaritra anya racanAeM haiN| kathAnaka vastupAlacarita ATha prastAvoM kI bRhatkAya kAvyaracanA hai| prathama prastAva meM mahAmantrI vastupAla-tejaHpAla ke pUrvajoM, vIradhavala ke pUrvavartI zAsakoM, vIradhavala tathA vastupAla ke milana aura vastupAla-teja:pAla ko mahAmAtya pada para niyukta karane kA varNana hai / vastupAla isa zarta para yaha pada svIkAra karatA hai ki rAjya kA saMcAlana nyAyapUrNa rIti se kiyA jAe / dvitIya prastAva meM vIradhavala ke yuddhoM tathA vastupAla ke dhArmika kRtyoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / vastupAla prajAraMjana ko zAsaka kA lakSya mAnakara rAjakAja meM pravRtta hotA hai / isa uddezya kI pUrti ke liye vaha rAjakoza ko sampanna banAtA hai, senA ko sugaThita karatA hai aura vIradhavala ko duSToM ko daNDita karane ke liye prerita karatA hai| vIradhavala vardhamAnapura ke zAsaka ko yuddha meM parAsta kara apanA karada banAtA hai tathA vanasthalI ke zAsakoM-sAMgaNa aura cAmuNDa - ko mArakara vijaya prApta karatA hai / marudeza ke tIna parAkramI rAjakumAra, apane agraja ke durvyavahAra se taMga hokara, bhadrezvaranareza pratihAravaMzIya bhImasiMha kI zaraNa lete haiM / vIradhavala usapara bhI AkramaNa karatA hai kintu raNakuzala rAjakumAra sAmantapAla ke prahAra se vaha yuddhabhUmi meM ghor3e se gira par3atA hai / vastupAla apanI nIti se una rAjakumAroM ko apane pakSa meM milA letA hai jisase vaha bhImasiMha kA uccheda karane meM saphala hotA hai / prastAva ke zeSAMza meM vastupAla ke dhArmika kAryoM kI vistRta tAlikA dI gayI hai / tRtIya prastAva meM godhrAnareza kI parAjaya tathA teja:pAla ke lokopakArI kAryoM kA varNana hai / godhrA kA zAsaka vIradhavala kI prabhutA svIkAra nahIM karatA jisase kruddha hokara vaha tejaHpAla ko use bandI banAne kA Adeza detA hai| tejaHpAla use piMjar3e meM DAlakara, anyAnya bahumUlya vastuoM ke sAtha, apane svAmI ko bheMTa karatA hai| isa apamAna ko sahana na kara sakane ke kAraNa godhrAnareza AtmahatyA kara letA hai / prastAva kA zeSa bhAga tejaHpAla dvArA kiye dharmoddhAra ke kAryoM ke vistRta varNana se bharA par3A hai / caturtha prastAva meM vastupAla ko khambhAta kA rAjyapAla niyukta kiyA jAtA hai / vahAM vaha bhraSTa samudrI vyApArI sAdIka tathA usake pakSadhara zaMkha ko daNDita karatA hai / pA~caveM prastAva meM dharmadezanAoM tathA tIrthamAhAtmyoM kI bharamAra hai / chaThe prastAva meM mahAmAtyoM kI tIrthayAtrAoM kA 801 padyoM meM atIva vistRta tathA nIrasa varNana hai / sAtaveM prastAva meM dillIpati mojadIna ke AkramaNa kI sUcanA pAkara vastupAla, AbUna reza dhArAvarSa kI sahAyatA se, yavanasenA ko durgama ghATiyoM meM ghera letA hai| sAmUhika prahAra se mleccha senA chinna-bhinna ho jAtI hai| musalamAna

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310 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya tobA-tobA karane lagate haiM / vastupAla mojadIna ke mitra pUrNasiMha ko rAjadhAnI meM bulAkara use sammAnita karatA hai tathA usake sAtha tIrthayAtrA karatA hai| tejaHpAla saMghasahita bhRgukaccha kI yAtrA para jAtA hai / mojadIna kI mAtA haja ke liye jAtI huI khambhAta aayii| vastupAla kI zaha se usake anucara use lUTa lete haiN| usake zikAyata karane para vastupAla usakA sArA dhana vApisa karavA detA hai tathA usakA mAtA ke samAna satkAra karatA hai / vaha mahAmAtya ke vyavahAra se itanI prasanna huI ki vApisa jAte samaya vaha use apane sAtha dillI le gyii| mojadIna ne vastupAla kA bhavya svAgata kiyaa| AThaveM prastAva meM arbudagiri kA mAhAtmya sunakara vastupAla usake zikhara para neminAtha kA mandira banavAtA hai| pitA vIradhavala dvArA nirvAsita karane para vIrama ne apane zvasura, jAbAlidurga ke svAmI udayasiMha kI zaraNa lI kintu usakI durnIti se taMga hokara udayasiMha ne usakI hatyA karavA dii| vIradhavala ke pazcAt usakA putra vizvala siMhAsana para baiThA / vastupAla apane anuja tathA putra ko prazAsana kA bhAra sauMpa kara zatrujaya kI yAtrA ke liye gayA para mArga meM, kApAlika grAma meM, usakA nidhana ho gyaa| tejaHpAla ne zatrujaya para usakI antyeSTi kI aura usakI smRti meM svargAroha nAmaka caitya bnvaayaa| teja:pAla zaMkhezvara kI yAtrA ke mArga meM divaMgata ho gyaa| dharmopadezoM, mAhAtmyoM, caityanirmANa Adi dhArmika anuSThAnoM ke gorakhadhandhe se nikAla kara vastupAlacarita kA mUlabhUta kathAnaka yahA~ prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isase yaha bhrama nahIM honA cAhiye ki kAvya meM mUla kathAnaka itanA spaSTa tathA susambaddha hai / vastutaH jaisA Upara-Upara kahA gayA hai, kAvya kI kathAvastu viSayAntaroM kI bhArI partoM meM dabI par3I hai aura usakA punanirmANa karanA atIva kaSTasAdhya kArya hai / jinaharSa kA kathAnaka astavyasta tathA vizRMkhalita hai| viSayAntaroM ne kathAnaka ko naSTa kara diyA hai / vastupAla kA kartA pAThaka se jisa dhairya kI AkAMkSA karatA hai, vaha Adhunika pAThaka meM nahIM hai| vAstava meM kavi kA dhyAna kathAnaka ke viniyoga kI ora nahIM hai / vaha dharmAnuSThAnoM ke varNanoM meM AkaNTha DUbA huA hai| dharma tathA darzana jinaharSa kA mukhya (vastutaH ekamAtra) lakSya kAvya ke dvArA Arhata dharma kI prabhAvanA karanA hai / isa tathAkathita aitihAsika kAvya meM dharmopadezoM kI abAdha yojanA karanA kavi kI pracAravAdI vRtti kA dyotaka hai / ina dharma dezanAoM meM kahIMkahIM jaina dharma tathA darzana ke kucha tattvoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai| isa dRSTi se paMcama prastAva vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / isameM kavi kA dArzanika svara adhika mukhara hai|

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vastupAlacarita : jinaharSagaNi 311 jinaharSa ke anusAra Arhata dharma mukhyataH samyaktva, dayA, zIla tathA tapa ke cAra stambhoM para AdhArita hai / sadarzana isa dharmataru kA mUla hai / zaMkA Adi doSoM se mukta mAnasa meM deva, guru tathA vizuddha dharmavidhi ke prati jo aMtaraMga ruci udita hotI hai, use samyaktva kahate haiM / samyaktva pAMca prakAra kA hai -aupazamika, sAsvAdana, tArtIyika, vedaka tathA kSAyika / aupazamika samyaktva do prakAra kA hai-jIvAjitagranthibheda tathA mahopazama / graMthibheda, jJAnadRSTi se prANiyoM kI parama sthiti hai / jIva ke rAgadveSa ke paripAka ko graMthi kahate haiM / kATha kI bhA~ti vaha durbhedya tathA duzchedya hai / graMthi kA bhedana hone se jo kSaNika samyaktva prApta hotA hai, use aupazamika kahA jAtA hai / yaha naisargika aupazamika hai| graMthibheda yadi guru ke upadeza se ho, vaha Adhigamika samyaktva kahalAtA hai / jIva kA moha zAnta hone se dvitIya aupazamika kI utpatti hotI hai / samyaktva kA utkRSTa pariNAma jaba eka-sAtha jaghanya SaDa vali ko dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha sAsvAdana samyaktva hai| mithyAtva tathA kSaya ke upazama se jo samyaktva pudgalodaya ke vettA jIva meM utpanna hotA hai, use tArtIyika kahate haiN| jIva jisa kSINaprAya: caramAMzaka samyaktva ko jAnatA hai, vaha vedaka hai| pUrva yukti se saptaka ke kSINa hone para kSAyika saMjJaka pAMcavAM samyaktva hai| yaha paMcavidha samyaktva guNoM ke AdhAra para tIna prakAra kA hai-rocaka, dIpaka tathA kAraka / dRSTAnta Adi ke binA hI jo tIvra zraddhA hotI hai, vaha rocaka samyaktva hai| dUsaroM ke liye prakAza karane ke kAraNa vaha dIpaka kahalAtA hai / paMcAcAra kriyA ke anuSThAna ke kAraNa use kAraka kahate haiN| jaina dharma do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai-yatidharma tathA zrAvakadharma / jinodita yatidharma ke dasa tattva haiM-kSamA, akrodha, mArdava, Arjava, mAnamardana, chalatyAga, nirlobha, bAraha prakAra kA tapa tathA dasa prakAra kA sNym| zrAvakadharma meM bAraha vratoM kA pAlana karane kA vidhAna hai / dAna vastupAlacarita meM dAna kI mahimA kA rocaka nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| caturvidha sarvajJa-dharma meM dAna sarvopari hai| vaha tIna prakAra kA hai| samasta sampadAoM kA kAraNabhUta tathA tattvAtattva kA vivecaka jJAnadAna sarvottama hai / abhayadAna janapriya tathA lokopayogI hai / abhayadAna se Arogya, Ayu, sukha, saubhAgya kI prApti hotI hai| dayA ke binA dharmakArya vyartha hai / AhArAdi dAna kI apekSA dayAdAna adhika mahattvapUrNa hai / samasta dAnoM kA phala kucha samaya ke bAda kSINa ho jAtA hai kintu dayAdAna 6. vahI, 5.20-45 7. vahI, 5.256-261

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 312 ke phala kA kabhI kSaya nahIM hotA / dharmopaSTambhadAna zayyA, caturvidha AhAra, vastra, pAtrAdi bheda se nAnA prakAra kA hotA hai / pAtra sAta prakAra kA mAnA gayA haijaina bimba, bhavana, pustakasaMcaya tathA caturvidha saMgha / rasayojanA vastupAlacarita meM kAvyasaundarya ko vRddhigata karane vAle rasArdra prasaMga bahuta kama haiM / sambhavataH jinaharSa kA asaMghaTita kathAnaka isake liye adhika avasara pradAna nahIM karatA / kAvya meM eka-do sthaloM para prasaMgavaza, vIra tathA karuNa rasa kI abhivyakti huI hai / yaha bhI 'grAmaM gacchan tRNaM spRzati' vAlI bAta hai / vIra rasa ko, paurANikatA se bharapUra isa racanA kA mukhya rasa mAnanA to kAvya kA upahAsa hogA kintu pallavita rasoM meM isakI pradhAnatA hai, yaha mAnane meM Apatti nahIM ho sakatI ! dvitIya, caturtha tathA saptama prastAvoM meM, yuddha varNana ke prasaMgoM meM, vIra rasa kI chaTA dRSTigata hotI hai para isakA saphala paripAka kevala tRtIya prastAva ke anta, vartI tejaHpAla tathA godhrAnareza ke yuddha ke nirUpaNa meM huA hai / mantrirAja teja: pAla, yoddhAoM ke dekhate-dekhate, godhrA ke rAjA ko krauMcabandha meM bAMdha kara kATha ke piMjar3e meM banda kara detA hai / 1 atha divyabalollAsAllIlayA maMtripuMgavaH / apAtayatkSaNAdeva tamazvAdvizvakaSTakam // 3.330 bhujopapIDamApIDya taM tataH pApapUritam cabandhaM babandhAsau javena sacivAgraNIH / / 3.332 taM pazyatsu bhayabhrAnta subhaTeSvakhileSvapi / zArdUlamiva cikSepa jIvantaM kASThapaMjare // 3.333 vastupAla ke svargArohaNa se utpanna duHkha ke citraNa meM karuNarasa kI mArmika vyaMjana | huI hai / vastupAla kA putra, jaitrasiMha, usake Azrita kavi tathA cAlukya - nareza sabhI isa vajrapAta se stabdha raha jAte haiM / zuSkaH kalpatarurmadAMgaNa gatazcintAmaNizcAjarat kSINA kAmagavI ca kAmakalazo bhagno hahA devata / kiM kurmaH kimupAlabhemahi kimu dhyAyAmaH kaM vA stumaH kasyAgre svamukhaM svaduHkhamalinaM saMdarzayAmo'dhunA // 8. 578 svargastha vastupAla yahA~ Alambana vibhAva hai / usake upakAroM tathA dAnazUratA Adi kI smRti uddIpana vibhAva hai / kaviyoM kA svayaM ko asahAya tathA kikarttavya* vimUr3ha anubhava karanA aura vidhi ko upAlambha denA anubhAva haiM / glAni, smRti * Adi saMcArI bhAva haiM / inase samarthita hokara kaviyoM ke hRdgata sthAyI bhAva zoka kI pariNati karuNa rasa meM huI hai / 8. vahI, 4.366-415

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vastupAlacarita : jinaharSagaNi 313 caritracitraNa kAvya meM vastupAla tathA tejaHpAla ke caritra kA hI kucha pallavana huA hai / ina donoM kA caritra bhI isa prakAra mizrita hai ki unakA pRthak pRthak citraNa karanA sambhava nahIM hai| ataH yahA~ donoM ke vyaktitva kI vizeSatAoM kA eka-sAtha nirUpaNa kiyA jA rahA hai| vastupAla (tathA tejaHpAla) ke samUce cAritrika guNa nimnAMkita padya meM samAhita haiN| anvayena vinayena vidyayA vikrameNa sukRtakrameNa ca / kvApi ko'pi na pumAnupaiti me vastupAlasadRzo dRzoH pathi // 1.7 ve kulIna, ziSTa, vidvAn, parAkramI tathA vinayasampanna haiN| unake sadguNa dainika vyavahAra meM pratimbita haiM / prathama milana meM hI ve vIradhavala ko apane AbhijAtya se prabhAvita karate haiM / vaha unake ziSTAcAra tathA kulIna vyaktitva kI prazaMsA ina zabdo meM karatA hai| AkRtirguNasamRddhisUcinI namratA kulavizuddhizaMsinI / vAkkrama : kathitazAstrasaMkrama : saMyamazca yuvayorvayo'dhika H // 1.235 vastupAla tathA tejaHpAla kA vyaktitva mukhyata: rAjanIti tathA dharma kI bhitti para AdhArita hai / ve vIradhavala ke nItikuzala tathA nyAyapriya mantrI haiM / ve usakA mantritva tabhI svIkAra karate haiM jaba vaha unheM nyAyapUrvaka rAjya kA saMcAlana karane kA AzvAsana detA hai| yaha unakI rAjanItika AdarzavAditA kA dyotaka hai / mahAmAtyoM kI saMhitA meM rAjavyApAra ke pAMca phala haiM--sajjanoM kA poSaNa; duSToM kA damana, dhana evaM dharma kI vRddhi tathA lokaraMjana / prajApAlana rAjA kA punIta kartavya hai / jo zAsaka prajA ke kalyANa meM tatpara rahatA hai, use prajA ke dharma kA SaSThAMza prApta hotA hai kintu karttavya se vimukha rAjA ko prajA ke adharma kA chaThA bhAga bhoganA par3atA hai| usake rAjya meM dharma tathA nIti kA kSaya hotA hai tathA mAtsyanyAya saMsAra ko grasa letA hai / ve ina udAtta AdarzoM ke anusAra hI rAjatantra kA saMcAlana karate haiM / samaya-samaya para adhikAriyoM se Ayazuddhi mAMga kara ve prazAsana se bhraSTatA dUra karane kA prayatna karate haiM, rAjakIya RNoM ko zIghra vApisa lene kI vyavasthA karate haiM, rAjakoza ko sampanna banAte haiM tathA senA ko sUsaMgaThita kara vipakSI rAjAoM kA uccheda karate haiN| ___ vastupAla-tejaHpAla raNabAMkure vIra haiN| unakI vIratA kUTanIti se paricA lita hai / bhadrezvaranareza bhImasiMha, zaMkha tathA godhrAnareza ke viruddha abhiyAnoM meM unakI raNanIti tathA zUravIratA kA yatheSTa paricaya milatA hai / durddharSa mojadIna ke Akasmika 6. vahI, 1.255 10. vahI, 2.214,224,226

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 314 AkramaNa ko roka kara mlecchasenA ko vikSata kara denA vastupAla ke kuzala saMcAlana kA pratIka hai / unakI kUTanIti sadA sakriya rahatI hai / vIradhavala jisa bhImasiMha ko yuddhakSetra meM parAjita na kara sakA, vastupAla use apanI kUTanIti se parAsta kara detA hai | dillIpati mojadIna ko yuddha meM daNDita karake punaH usakA vizvAsa tathA prema prApta kara lenA usakI kUTanIti kI anya saphalatA hai / vastupAla - tejaHpAla sAhitya - rasika mantrI haiM / unakI sAhityika cetanA prazAsana ke maruthala meM lupta nahIM huI hai / ve vidvAnoM tathA kaviyoM ko prazraya dekara eka ora sAhitya kA poSaNa karate haiM, dUsarI ora apanI kAvyamarmajJatA kA paricaya dete haiM / kAvya meM jina kaviyoM kI sUktiyoM kA saMkalana huA hai, unameM se adhikatara ko unakA udAra Azraya prApta thA / vastupAla kA vidyAmaNDala prasiddha hai / vaha svayaM khyAtiprApta kavi thA / sumadhura padyoM para svarNakoza luTA denA unakI kAvya - rasikatA kA dyotaka hai / isa dRSTi se ve vikrama, muMja, bhoja Adi sAhityarasika dAnavIroM kI smRti tAjA karate haiM / zrIkarNa - vikrama dadhIci - muMja - bhojAdyurvIzvarA bhuvanamaNDana vastupAla / dAnaikavIrapuruSA samameva nItAH pratyakSatAM kaliyuge bhavatA kavInAm // 4.115 mahAmAtya se bahumUlya upahAra pAkara vidvAnoM kA rUpa itanA badala jAtA hai ki unheM apanI patniyoM ko bhI vividha zapathoM ke dvArA apane vyaktitva kI vAsta vikatA kA vizvAsa dilAnA par3atA hai" / apane sAhitya prema ke smAraka -svarUpa pusta -- kAlayoM kI sthApanA karake ve janatA meM bauddhika cetanA jAgrata karane meM prazaMsanIya yoga dete haiM / unakI yaha dAnazIlatA lokopayogI kAryoM meM bhI pratyakSa hai / apane prajA-vAtsalya tathA janakalyANa kI bhAvanA ko mUrta rUpa dene ke liye ve sthAna-sthAna para prapAoM, dharmazAlAoM tathA kUpoM kA nirmANa karavAte haiM tathA satrAgAroM kI vyavasthA karate haiM / vastupAla - tejaHpAla ke caritra kI mukhya vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve Arhata dharma ke mahAn prabhAvaka haiM / isa dRSTi se, jaina dharma ke itihAsa meM, hemacandra tathA kumArapAla ke pazcAt inhIM kA sthAna hai / kavi ke zabdoM meM unakA janma hI jaina dharma ke unnayana ke lie huA hai (7.399 ) / AbU kA neminAtha mandira vastupAla kI dharma-niSThA kA zAzvata smAraka hai / kAvya meM unakI tIrtha-yAtrAoM, bimba-pratiSThA, jIrNoddhAra Adi dhArmika anuSThAnoM kI vistRta tAlikA dI gayI hai / isa prakAra vastupAla - tejaHpAla ke caritra meM sAhityaprema, vIratA, dAnazIlatA, dharma tathA rAjanIti kA apUrva samanvaya hai / 11. vahI, 6.81

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vastupAlacarita : jinaharSagaNi 315 bhASA jinaharSa kI bhASA usake uddezya ke anurUpa hai / isa koTi ke sAhitya meM jisa sarvajanagamya bhASA kA prayoga. upayukta hai, vastupAlacarita meM Adyanta vahI saralasubodha bhASA dRSTigata hotI hai| kAvya meM pAtroM ke manogata bhAvoM ke citraNa kA adhika avakAza nahIM hai, isaliye isakI bhASA meM ekarUpatA hai| usameM mahAkAvyocita vaividhya kA abhAva hai| kAvya meM saMgRhIta pararacita padyoM kI bhASA kA jinaharSa kI padAvalI se bhinna honA svabhAvika hai / jinaharSa kI apanI bhASA bahudhA kAntihIna hai / usakA ekamAtra guNa saralatA hai| vastupAlacarita kI sarala bhASA kI sugamatA vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / nItisAhitya ke atirikta sAhitya ke nItiparaka aMza samAja ke sabhI vargoM kI sampatti haiN| usakI hRdayaMgamatA kA AdhAra usakI subodhatA hai / vastupAlacarita ke nIti-prasaMga, bhASA kI saralatA ke kAraNa paDhate hI hRdaya meM aMkita ho jAte haiN| yathA netraM vinA vaktraM vinA stambhaM yathA gRham / na rAjate tathA rAjyaM kadAcinmantriNaM vinA // 1.2.7 avRttibhayamaMtyAnAM madhyAnAM maraNAd bhayam / uttamAnAM ca mAnAmapamAnAtparaM bhayam // 2.384 anucitakArambhaH svajanavirodho balIyasA spardhA / pramadAjanavizvAso mRtyudvArANi catvAri // 2.516 zIlasamyaktvamuktAtmA tyAjyo gururapi svakaH / daSTo'hinA yathAMguSTho malaH svAMgabhavo yathA // 6.17 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM kI paramparA ke anusAra vastupAlacarita meM dezI zabda bhI prayukta kiye gaye haiN| yaha mAtRbhASA ke kAraNa ho athavA kAvya ko subodha banAne kI AturatA ke kAraNa, yaha pravRtti kAmya nahIM hai / nissAna, bITaka, balAnaka, tobA Adi zabda vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| jinaharSa ne kAvya meM yatra-tatra bhAvapUrNa sUktiyoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / avIkSya parasAmarthyaM sarvo'pi khalu garjati (2.277), nIcA eva nIcAnupAsate (4.135), no nidrA yogIndrANAM bhavetkvacit (6.86), santo nAMcantyanaucitIm [7.111] Adi bahuta rocaka haiN| alaMkAravidhAna vastupAlacarita kA pracAra-pakSa itanA prabala hai ki usane kAvya ke anya sabhI dharmoM ko Acchanna kara liyA hai| isameM sAmAnya alaMkAroM kA hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| alaMkAra-kauzala kA pradarzana kavi kA dhyeya nahIM hai| zabdAlaMkAroM meM anuprAsa, zleSa tathA yamaka ko sthAna milA hai| mUlanAyaka ke snAnotsava-varNana ke isa padya meM anuprAsa kI manoramatA hai /

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya abhiSekatoyadhArA dhAreva dhyAnamaNDalAgrasya / bhavabhavanabhittimAgAn bhUyo'pi bhinattu bhAgavatI // 6.331 prastuta paMktiyoM meM yoginIpura [dillI] ke vAsiyoM kA citraNa zleSa para AdhArita hai| nadInAH puNyalAvaNyagabhIrA dhiivrpriyaaH| samudrAH puruSAH sarve janakAnnasaMpadaH // 7.4 tejaHpAla dvArA azvabodhatIrtha meM nirmita puSpavATikA kA varNana kavi ne pAdayamaka se isa prakAra kiyA hai / purAda bahirasau puSpavanaM tAlatamAlavat / cakre jinArcana vidhAvanaMtAlatamAlavat // 4.656 ___ dharaNItilaka ke zreSThI ke putrajanma ke duSprabhAva kA pratipAdana karane meM upamA kA Azraya liyA gayA hai| usake janma se sampattiyAM kulaTAoM kI taraha tatkSaNa naSTa ho gyiiN| __ krameNa sampado nezuH kulaTA iva tatkSaNAt / 3.88 ___ mahAmAtya vastupAla kA tattvacintana kavi ne rUpaka ke dvArA abhivyakta kiyA hai| viSaya tathA saMsAra para kramazaH mAMsa tathA zvAna kA Aropa karane se yahA~ rUpaka alaMkAra hai| viSayAmiSamutsRjya daNDamAdAya ye sthitA / saMsArasArameyo'sau bibhyattebhyaH palAyate // 2.203 nimnAMkita padya meM pUrva ke sAmAnya kathana kI puSTi uttarArddha kI vizeSa ukti se kI gayI hai / yaha arthAntaranyAsa hai| kalAvatAM nRNAM saMpajjAyate hi pade pade / samudrAnnirgatazcandraH zambhumaulimazizriyat // 2.418 vastupAlacarita meM utprekSA, dRSTAnta, aprastutaprazaMsA, vizeSokti, parisaMkhyA, virodha, sahokti Adi bhI abhivyakti ke mAdhyama bane haiN| chanda-yojanA - chandoM ke prayoga meM jinaharSa ne zAstrIya vidhAna kA spaSTa ullaMghana kiyA hai / vastupAlacarita saMskRta ke una ine-gine kAvyoM meM hai, jinameM pratyeka sarga meM vividha chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| isake AThoM prastAvoM meM anuSTup kI pradhAnatA hai, jo kavi ke uddezya ke liye sarvathA upayukta hai| kintu jinaharSa ne bIca-bIca meM aneka chanda DAlakara pAThaka ke mArga meM anAvazyaka vighna paidA kiyA hai| prathama prastAva meM jo bAraha chanda prayukta hue haiM, anuSTup ke atirakta ve isa prakAra haiM-zArdUlavikrIDitaM, mandAkrAntA, upajAti, vasantatilakA, indravajrA, zikhariNI, rathoddhatA, zAlinI, vaMza

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vastupAlacarita : jina harSagaNi 317 stha, viyoginI, mAlinI, tathA upajAti ( indravaMzA + vaMzastha ) / dvitIya tathA tRtIya prastAva meM nau-nau chanda racanA ke mAdhyama bane haiM / dvitIya prastAva ke chandoM ke nAma haiM-- anuSTup upajAti, zikhariNI, zArdUlavikrIDita, pRthvI, mAlinI, sragdharA svAgatA, vasantatilakA / dvitIya prastAva ke zikhariNI, pRthvI tathA mAlinI kA sthAna tRtIya prastAva meM AryA, vaMzastha tathA indravajrA ne le liyA hai / zeSa chanda donoM meM samAna haiN| caturtha prastAva meM anuSTup viyoginI, zArdUlavikrIDita, vasantatilakA, mandAkrAntA, upajAti, AryA, sragdharA, indravajrA tathA hariNI, ina dasa chandoM ko apanAyA gayA hai / pA~cavA~ prastAva gyAraha chandoM meM nibaddha hai / isameM pUrva prayukta chandoM se koI nayA chanda dRSTigata nahIM hotA / chaThe prastAva meM sabase adhika, aThAraha, chanda prayukta haiN| unake nAma isa prakAra hai-- anuSTup upajAti, zArdUlavikrIDita, indravajrA, mAlinI, vasantatilakA, mandAkrAntA, svAgatA, indravaMzA, sragdharA, pRthvI, AryA, zikhariNI, rathoddhatA, upajAti (indravaMzA + vaMzastha + indravajrA ) / tIna chandoM (316,660, 664a) ke nAma jJAta nahIM ho sake haiN| sAtaveM prastAva meM jina nau chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, ve anuSTupa ke atirikta haiM - zArdUlavikrIDita, upajAti, upendravajrA, sragdharA, vasantatilakA, svAgatA, indravajrA tathA mAlinI / aSTama prastAva meM anuSTup zArdUlavikrIDita, upajAti, AryA, drutavilambita, mAlinI, sragdharA, vasantatilakA, rathoddhatA aura indravajrA chanda prayukta haiM / vastupAlacarita kI racanA meM saba milA kara caubIsa chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / vastupAlacarita kA itihAsa-pakSa vastupAlacarita kA kAvyagata mUlya bhale hI adhika na ho, isameM kAvyanAyaka sambandhita mahattvapUrNa prAmANika sAmagrI samAhita hai / bahumukhI upalabdhiyoM tathA durlabha mAnavIya guNoM ke kAraNa mahAmAtya vastupAla kA vyaktitva madhyakAlIna bhAratIya itihAsa ke maMca para sabase alaga dikhAI detA hai / aneka samavartI tathA paravartI kaviyoM ne usakI prazAsanika nipuNatA, kAvya- rasikatA, asIma udAratA tathA raNakauzala kA gauravagAna kiyA hai| vastupAlacarita kI racanA meM ina samUcI pUrvavartI kRtiyoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai ( 8.674), jisake phalasvarUpa isakA aitihAsika aMza spaSTa tathA pramANapuSTa hai / vastupAla aNahilavAr3a ke dhanADhya prAgvATa vaMza kA bhUSaNa thA / kAvya meM ullikhita usakA Adi pUrvaja, caNDapa, caulukyanareza kA mantrI thA / usake putra caNDaprasAda kA hAtha rAjamudrA se kabhI khAlI nahIM rahatA thA / ratnoM ke pArakhI, usake putra soma ko, siddharAja jayasiMha ne apanA ratnAdhyakSa niyukta kiyA thA / vastupAla kA pitA azvarAja isI soma kA putra thaa| apane pUrvajoM kI bhA~ti azvarAja bhI caulukyanareza kA mantrI thA / vastupAla kI mAtA kumAradevI, prAgvATavaMzIya vaNik,

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya daNDapati AbhU kI putrI thI / isa prakAra vastupAla ke kula kA caulukyazAsakoM se purAnA sambandha thaa| jinaharSa ke isa vivaraNa kI kItikaumudI se akSarazaH puSTi hotI hai / aNahilavAr3a ke prathama zAsaka (cApotkaTa-cAvar3A) kula ke narezoM kI vaMzAvalI bhI prathama prastAva meM upalabdha hai, jisake antargata vanarAja se lekara sAmantasiMha taka sAta zAsakoM kA sAmAnya varNana hai / kAvya ke anusAra vanarAja ne vi0 samvat 802 meM aNahilavAr3a kI sthApanA kI thii| usane sATha varSa taka zAsana kiyA / arisiMhakRta sukRta-saMkIrtana meM dI gayI vaMzAvalI tathA uparyukta anukrama meM paryApta bhinnatA hai / yadyapi sukRtasaMkIrtana vastupAla kI samakAlIna racanA hai, para usakI vaMzAvalI adhika vizvasanIya hai, yaha kahanA sambhava nahIM kyoMki cAvar3AvaMza ke narezoM ke zAsana kA anukrama abhI taka nizcita nahIM hai / cAvar3AvaMza ke antima zAsaka sAmantasiMha kI bahina lIlAdevI kAnyakubjezvara rAja se vivAhita thii| unake putra mUlarAja se caulukyavaMza kA pravartana hotA hai| mUlarAja ne aNahilavAr3a ke siMhAsana para kaise adhikAra kiyA, isakA ullekha kAvya meM nahIM hai / caulukyanarezoM kI, kAvya meM dI gayI vaMzAvalI prAyaH zuddha hai| bhImarAja tathA arNorAja ke madhyavartI zAsakoM ko, sambhavataH mahattvahIna samajha kara chor3a diyA gayA hai| pratIta hotA hai kavi ne isa vaMzAvalI kA nirdhAraNa karane meM pUrvavartI samasta sAdhanoM kA upayoga kiyA thA / isaliye yaha azuddhiyoM se mukta hai / ___ vastupAlacarita ke anusAra vIradhavala ne rAjapurohita somezvara se vastupAla tathA tejaHpAla kA paricaya pAkara unheM apanA mantrI niyukta kiyA thaa| kItikaumudI, vasantavilAsa, prabandhacintAmaNi tathA prabandhakoza meM bhI aisA varNana hai, kintu vastupAla ke svaracita naranArAyaNAnanda se jJAta hotA hai ki vaha pahale bhImarAja dvitIya kI senA meM thA / dhaulakA-nareza vIradhavala ko usakI sevAe~ kAlAntara meM prApta huI thiiN| dhaulakA ke rAjadarabAra meM vastupAla kI mahAmAtya pada para niyukti 1220 I0 meM kI gayI thii| 12. vahI, 1.22-65. 13. kottikaumudI, 3.6-22 14. vastupAlacarita, 1.158-161 15. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA : liTrerI sarkala oNpha mahAmAtya vastupAla, pR0 65 tathA isI pRSTha para pA0 Ti0 1 16. vastupAlacarita, 1.231-42 17. liTrerI sakala oNpha mahAmAtya vastupAla (pUrvokta), pR0 28

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vastupAlacarita : jinaharSagaNi 316 dvitIya tathA tRtIya prastAva meM varNita aitihAsika ghaTanAe~ saccI haiM / prabandhakoza se patA calatA hai ki vIradhavala ne banasthalI ke zAsakoM ko parAjita kiyA thA / bhadrezvaranareza bhImasiMha ko samarAMgaNa meM parAsta karane meM asaphala hokara vIradhavala ke dvArA usake sAtha sandhi karane kA ullekha bhI prabandhakoza meM huA hai / marusthala ke rAjakumAroM ko apane pakSa meM milA kara bhImasiMha ko jItane kI ghaTanA ke satyAsatya kA parIkSaNa karane kA koI sAdhana nahIM hai / teja:pAla dvArA godhAnareza ghUghula ko yuddha meM bandI banAne tathA piMjar3e meM DAlakara caulukyanareza ke sAmane lAne tathA apamAna na saha sakane ke kAraNa ghUghula dvArA AtmahatyA karane kI puSTi bhI prabandhakoza se hotI hai" / kIttikaumudI, prabandhakoza, purAtana - prabandhasaMgraha Adi granthoM se tulanA karane para caturthaM prastAva meM varNita prasaMgoM kI prAmANikatA meM saMdeha nahIM raha jAtA / vastupAlacarita kI bhA~ti inase bhI vidita hotA hai ki vastupAla khambhAta kA rAjyapAla niyukta kiyA gayA thA / usane ayogya, pramAdI tathA ghUsakhora adhikAriyoM ko daNDa dekara prazAsana meM vyApta mAtsyanyAya kA uccheda kiyA tathA isI nimitta dhanADhya samudrI vyApArI nAdIka tathA usake pakSapoSaka lATanareza zaMkha ko daNDita kiyA / vIradhavala ke zAsanakAla meM dillI ke sultAna ne gujarAta para AkramaNa kiyA thA kintu nItinipuNa vastupAla kI kUTanIti ne use viphala kara diyA thA, isa tathya ke samarthana ke liye pracura aitihAsika sAmagrI upalabdha hai / jaina kavi jayasiMhasUri ne apane 'hammIramardana' nATaka meM isa ghaTanA ko rUpAyita kiyA hai / kAvya ke anusAra vastupAla ne AbU ke paramAra - zAsaka dhArAvarSa ke sahayoga se mleccha-senA ko AbUparvata kI durgama ghATI meM ghera liyA / sAmUhika prahAra se vaha chinna-bhinna ho gayI / " yahI varNana prabandhakoza meM par3hA jA sakatA hai| mojadIna kI pahacAna vidvAnoM sultAna iltamaza (1211-1236 I0 ) se kI hai / samakAlInatA kI dRSTi se yaha bahuta upayukta hai" / vastupAlacarita tathA prabandhakoza meM isa bAta para bhI mataikya hai ki hajayAtrA ke liye jAtI huI mojadIna kI mAtA ko vastupAla ke anucaroM ne, usake hI bhar3akAne se, lUTa liyA thA kintu bAda meM vastupAla ne usake sAtha sadvyavahAra kiyA thA / ukta srotoM se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki vastupAla ke bartAva se vaha itanI prasanna huI 18. prabandhakozaH pR0 103, 104, 107 16. vastupAlacarita, 7.34 20. prabandhakoza, pR0 117 21. liTrerI sarkala oNpha mahAmAtya vastupAla (pUrvokta), pR0 31, pA. Ti. 4.

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320 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya ki haja se lauTate samaya vaha use apane sAtha dillI le gyii| mojadIna ne mahAmAtya kA sammAnapUrvaka svAgata kiyaa| vastupAla ne apanI vyavahArakuzalatA se pUrva-parAjita zatru ko mitra banA liyaa| usakI isa kUTanIti ke kAraNa dhaulakA kA rAjya eka zaktizAlI zatru ke AtaMka se mukta ho gyaa| AThaveM prastAva meM vaNita vIrama kA vRtta kavi kI kalpanA se prasUta hai| itihAsa vIradhavala ke vIrama nAmaka putra se anabhijJa hai / ataH vastupAla ke sAtha usake durvyavahAra tathA apane pitA ke nidhana ke pazcAt rAjya para balapUrvaka kabz2A karane ke prayAsa kI bAta mithyA hai| ___ vastupAlacarita se spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki vIradhavala ke adhikArI vIsaladeva tathA vastupAla meM vaimanasya paidA ho gayA thaa| kAvya meM ullikhita kAraNa tathA vaimanasya kI ghaTanAe~" (jaina sAdhu ko daNDita karanA) to atiraMjita pratIta hotI haiM, kintu inase yaha saMketa avazya milatA hai ki vastupAla tathA navIna zAsaka ke bIca manamuTAva ho gayA thaa| zAsana-parivartana ke sAtha rAjA tathA mantrI ke sambandhoM meM parivartana honA Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai| jinaharSa kA kathana hai ki apane mAmA kI duSpreraNA se vIsaladeva ne tejaHpAla ko mantritva se cyuta kara diyA thA tathA usake sthAna para nAgar3a ko niyukta kiyA thA5 / anya srotoM se jJAta hotA hai ki nAgar3a ko mantripada tejaHpAla ke nidhana ke pazcAt hI prApta huA thaa| vastupAlacarita ke anusAra vastupAla kA dehAnta samvat 1268 meM huA thaa| mahAmAtya ke samavartI bAlacandra ne yaha ghaTanA saM0 1266 kI mAnI hai| uparyukta vivecanA se spaSTa hai ki eka-do sthaloM ko chor3akara vastupAlacarita kA aitihAsika pakSa prAmANika tathA vizvasanIya hai| ___ kAvya kI dRSTi se vastupAlacarita kA mUlya nagaNya hai kintu yaha vastupAla tathA gauNataH tejaHpAla aura caulukyavaMza ke itihAsa kA atyanta upayogI srota hai / jinaharSa meM samartha aitihAsika buddhi hai| 22. vastupAlacarita, 7.221-28, prabandhakoza, pR0 116 23. vahI, 8.374-61, tathA 8.430-431 . 24. vahI, 8.320, 322,521 25. vahI, 6.478-476 26. liTrerI sarkala oNpha mahAmAtya vastupAla, pR0 34 27. vastupAlacarita, 8.536

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16. somasaubhAgya : pratiSThAsoma pratiSThAnoma kA somasaubhAgya' vivecya yuga kA eka anya aitihAsika mahAkAvya hai / isameM, hammIrakAvya athavA kumArapAlacarita kI bhA~ti, itihAsa ke kisI parAkramI zAsaka ke utthAna - patana yA vijaya abhiyAnoM kI gAthA varNita nahIM hai balki isake dasa sargoM tapAgacchIya AcArya somasundarasUri ke dhArmika jIvana kA lalita zailI meM nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| dharmAcArya ke vRtta para AdhArita kAvya ko aitihAsika racanA mAnane meM Apatti ho sakatI hai, kintu itihAsa ko vaibhavazAlI. samrAToM, yuddhoM tathA kUTanItika upalabdhiyoM taka sImita rakhanA itihAsa ke prati anyAya hogA / eka dharmaniSTha saMyamadhana sAdhu bhAvI pIr3hiyoM ke liye utanA hI mAnya tathA smaraNIya hai jitanA eka digvijayI samrAT / jaina dharma ke itihAsa meM vaise bhI ye AcArya samrAT kI bhA~ti mAnya the tathA unakI AjJA rAjazAsana ke samAna aTala evam anulaMghanIya thI / vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki isa koTi ke kAvyoM meM aitihAsika tathyoM kI rakSA anya adhikAMza tathAkathita aitihAsika mahAkAvyoM kI apekSA kahIM adhika tatparatA se kI gaI hai / isakA mukhya kAraNa yaha hai ki ina kAvyoM ke praNetA rAjAzrayI cATukAra kavi nahIM apitu nisspRha sAdhu haiM, jo tathya ke yathAvat pratipAdana meM hI apanI bhAratI kI sArthakatA mAnate haiM / unheM dhana, mAna Adi sAMsArika pralobhanoM kI AkAMkSA nahIM hai / ataH sambandhita AcAryoM kA jIvanavRtta jAnane ke ke lie ye kRtiyA~ bahuta upayogI haiN| somasaubhAgya kA mahAkAvyatva jahA~ taka somasaubhAgya ke mahAkAvyatva kA prazna hai, isameM prAcIna bhAratIya AlaMkArikoM dvArA nirdhArita mahAkAvya ke prAyaH sabhI sthUla tattvoM kA niSThApUrvaka pAlana kiyA gayA hai / somasaubhAgya meM mahAkAvya ke liye Avazyaka aSTAdhika - dasasarga haiM | isakA Arambha sAta padyoM ke maMgalAcaraNa se huA hai, jinameM kramaza: Adiprabhu, zAntinAtha, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra, sarasvatI tathA vidyAguru kI stuti hai / inameM kucha padya AzIrvAdAtmaka haiM, kucha namaskArAtmaka | kAvya kA zIrSaka kAvya-nAyaka nAma para AdhArita hai / sargoM ke nAma unameM pratipAdita viSayoM ke anurUpa rakhe gaye hai / prahlAdanapura ke lalita varNana se, mahAkAvya ke Arambha meM, sannagarIvarNana kI paramparA kA nirvAha kiyA gayA hai / kSetra ke sImita hote hue bhI somasaubhAgya meM 1. jaina jJAnaprasAraka maNDala, bambaI se gujarAtI anuvAda sahita prakAzita, san 1905

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 322 nagara, sarovara, mAnavasaundarya, tIrthayAtrA Adi ke abhirAma varNana milate haiM / chandoM prayoga meM bhI pratiSThAsoma ne zAstrIya vidhAna kA pAlana kiyA hai / mahAkAvya ke svarUpa vidhAyaka Antarika tattvoM kA pratiSThAsoma ne isa tatparatA se pAlana nahIM kiyA / somasaubhAgya kA nAyaka vaNikkulotpanna somasundara haiM, jinheM unakI saMyamapUrNa caryA tathA vItarAga prakRti ke kAraNa dhIraprazAnta koTi kA nAyaka mAnA jAyagA / yaha pUrNatayA zAstra ke anukUla nahIM hai kintu devoM athavA itihAsa - prasiddha pratApI rAjAoM ke atirikta caritravAn kulIna mahApuruSoM ko nAyaka ke pada para pratiSThita karake jaina kaviyoM ne saMskRta mahAkAvya ko yathArthatA kA dharAtala pradAna kiyA hai| dharmAcArya ke udAtta jIvanavRtta tathA usakI dharma prabhAvanA se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa somasaubhAgya ke kathAnaka ko, zAstrIya zabdAvalI meM, 'sadAzrita' mAnA jA sakatA hai / rasa kI dRSTi se somasaubhAgya kI sthiti asaMtoSajanaka hai| isameM mukhya rasa ke rUpa meM, zAstrasammata kisI rasa kA pallavana nahIM huA hai / zAntarasa kA svara kAvya meM yadA-kadA avazya sunAI par3atA hai / vAtsalyarasa zAnta kA poSaka hai / caturvarga meM se dharma ko isakA uddezya mAnA jA sakatA hai / dharmopadezoM tathA anya dhArmika kRtyoM kA nirUpaNa karake Arhata dharma kA pracAra karanA somasaubhAgya kA mukhya lakSya hai / ina sthUlAsthUla tattvoM ke atirikta isameM samasAmayika samAja kA yatkicit citraNa bhI dRSTigata hotA hai / isakI bhASA sauSThava tathA mAdhurya se paripUrNa hai / vAstava meM, dhArmika vyakti se sambandhita kAvya ko dharmakathA banane se bacAne kA adhikAMza zreya isakI sarasa bhASA-zailI ko hai / somasaubhAgya kI bhASA Adhunika ruci ke bahuta anukUla hai / svayaM kavi ne dasaveM sarga kI puSpikA meM kAvya ko 'sulalita' vizeSaNa abhihita kiyA hai / isa prakAra somasaubhAgya meM mahAkAvya ke prAyaH sabhI tattva kamabeza vidyamAna haiM / kintu jahA~ jaina kavi dharmakathAoM tathA caritoM ko bhI mahAkAvya ghoSita karane meM saMkoca nahIM karate, vahA~ pratiSThAsoma ne apanI kRti ko kahIM bhI mahAkAvya nAma se fe hIM kiyA hai / puSpikAoM meM tathA anyatra ise kevala 'kAvya' kaha kara santoSa kara liyA gayA hai / kyA pratiSThAsoma ke mahAkAvya -sambandhI kucha anya mAnadaNDa the ? athavA usane namratAvaza somasaubhAgya ko kAvya kI saMjJA dI hai ? kavi tathA racanAkAla somasaubhAgya ke antima padyoM meM isake praNetA tathA racanAkAla ke sambandha meM mahattvapUrNa sUcanA nihita hai / pratiSThAsoma kAvyanAyaka somasundara ke vinIta ziSya 2. prajJAprakarSarahitaH svahitAya soma saubhAgyanAma subhagaM racayAmi kAvyam // somasaubhAgya, 1.10

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somasaubhAgya : pratiSThAsoma 323 the / unhoMne isa manorama tathA sugama kAvya kA praNayana samvat 1524 (san 1467 ) meM kiyA thA / pArAvArakarasmareSuhimaruk varSe'tiharSAd vyadhAt vijJAnAM hRdayaMgamaM ca sugamaM klRpteMdirAsaMgamam / kAvyaM navyamidaM vidambhahRdayaH ziSyaH pratiSThAdimaH somaH zrIyutasomasundaraguromerorgarimNaH zriyA // 10.73 kavi ke zabdoM meM yaha kAvya doSoM se mukta hai / yaha kathana sAmAnyataH satya mAnA jA sakatA hai / somasobhAgya kA saMzodhana sumatisAdhu ne kiyA thA / ye vahI sumati - sAdhu haiM, jinake jIvanavRtta para AdhArita 'sumatisambhava' kAvya kI vivecanA isI adhyAya meM Age kI jaaegii| kathAnaka guNaguNaratnasiMdhunA sAdhunA sumatisAdhunAdarAt / navyakAvyamidamastadUSaNaM prAptabhUSaNagaNaM ca nirmame // 10.74 somasaubhAgya dasa sargoM kA mahAkAvya hai / kAvya kA Arambha prahlAdanapura lalita varNana se huA hai, jisakI sthApanA arbudAcala ke adhipati prahlAdana ne kI thI / prathama sarga ke zeSa bhAga meM vahA~ ke dhanADhya vyApArI sajjana tathA usakI sundarI patnI mAlhaNadevI ke guNoM tathA dhArmika vRtti kA varNana hai / mAlhaNadevI sajjana ko usI prakAra priya thI jaise cAtaka ko pAvasa, hAthI ko zallakI tathA mumukSu ko mukti / dvitIya sarga meM sajjana kI patnI ko svapna meM candramA dikhAI detA hai jo usake candratulya putra ke bhAvI janma kA sUcaka thA / samvat 1430 meM mAlhaNadevI ne eka putra ko janma diyA / pitA ne usake rUpa ke anurUpa usakA sArthaka nAma soma rakhA / pAMca varSa kI avasthA meM, lekhazAlA meM praviSTa hokara usane zIghra hI vividha zAstroM ke sAgara ko pAra kara liyA / tRtIya sarga meM mahAvIra prabhu, unake katipaya gaNadharoM tathA jaina dharma ke anya mahApuruSoM ke sarasare varNana ke pazcAt jagaccandra se jayAnanda taka tapAgaccha ke pUrvAcAryoM kI paramparA kA nirUpaNa hai / candragacchIya AcArya sarvadeva ne AbU parvata kI upatyakA meM, vaTavRkSa kI saghana chAyA meM, ATha mahAbuddhi zramaNoM ko sUri pada para pratiSThita kiyA jisase candragaccha kA nAma vaTagaccha athavA bRhadgaNa par3A / isI gaccha ke jagaccandrasUri ke dvAdazavarSIya kaThora tapa ke kAraNa unakA gaNa tapAgaccha nAma se prakhyAta huA / caturtha sarga meM soma apanI bahina ke sAtha, sAta varSa kI alpAvasthA meM, samvat 1437 meM AcArya jayAnanda se dIkSA grahaNa karatA hai / paMcama sarga meM jayAnanda ke nidhana ke pazcAt devasundara ke gacchanAyaka banane, jJAnasAgarasUri dvArA somasundara kI vidhivat zikSA tathA usake ( somasundara ke) kramaza: gaNI, vAcaka tathA sUripada para pratiSThita hone kA varNana hai / ve samvat 1450 meM,

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324 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya bIsa varSa alpAvasthA meM, vAcaka pada para AsIna hue| sAta varSa pazcAt, samvat 1457 meM, ibhya narasiMha ke anurodha se devasundara unheM aNahillapattana meM sUrimantra pradAna karate haiN| chaThe sarga meM, devasundara ke svargArohaNa ke bAda somasundara gaccha ke netRtva kA bhAra saMbhAlate haiM aura eka anAma nagara meM mahebhya devarAja kI abhyarthanA para, apane vidvAn ziSya bAcaka munisundara ko sUripada para abhiSikta karate haiN| munisundara tarkapUrNa saMskRta bhASA ke medhAvI vaktA tathA Azukavi the| unake kAvya kI gaMgA kalikAla ke kaluSa kA prakSAlana karatI thI tathA unake stavana AcArya siddhasena kI kRtiyoM kA smaraNa karAte the ! zreSThI devarAja ne navAbhiSikta AcArya ke sAtha zatrujaya tathA raivataka tIrthoM kI yAtrA kii| sAtaveM sarga meM IDaranareza raNamalla ke putra puMja kA kRpApAtra yathArthanAmA govinda tAraNagiri para kumArapAla dvArA nimita vihAra kA jIrNoddhAra karavAtA hai| gacchanAyaka somasundara usakI prArthanA se jayacandra vAcaka ko sUripada pradAna karate haiM / jayacandra kI padapratiSThA ke pazcAt govinda ne saMghasahita zatrujaya, raivataka tathA sopAraka tIrthoM kI yAtrA kI / unake adhiSThAtA devoM, AdinAtha tathA nemiprabhu kI vandanA karake use bhavasAgara goSpada ke samAna pratIta hone lgaa| govinda ne AcArya se tAraNagiri para ajitanAtha kI pratimA kI sthApanA bhI krvaaii| vahIM aTakapuravAsI zakAnhaDa ne gacchanAyaka se tapasyA grahaNa kI tathA vAdirAja zrIpaNDita ko vAcaka pada pradAna kiyA gyaa| ina avasaroM para govinda ne guru kI abhUtapUrva arcA tathA saMgha kI paridhApanikA kii| AThaveM sarga meM AcArya somasundara sarvaprathama, devakulapATaka (delavAr3A) meM, saMghapati nimba ke anurodha para,vAcaka bhuvanasundara ko sUripada para pratiSThita karate haiM / karNAvatI ke bAdazAha ke AdarapAtra guNarAja ke bandhu AmrasAdhu ne guru ke sudhAvarSI upadeza se prabodha pAkara unase pravrajyA grahaNa kI / guNarAja ne AcAya ke sAtha zatrujaya kI yAtrA kii| vApisa Ate samaya somasundarasUri ne madhumatI (mahuvA-saurASTra) meM jinasundara ko sUrimantra pradAna kiyaa| raivataka parvata para saMghapati ne guru ke sAtha nemiprabhu ko praNipAta kiyA / navAM sarga guru somasundara ke nirdezana tathA netRtva meM sampAdita aneka dhArmika kRtyoM kI vizAla tAlikA se paripUrNa hai| dasaveM sarga meM unake paTTadharoM tathA anya ziSyoM kI paramparA kA varNana hai| somasaubhAgya meM AcArya somasundara ke jIvanavRtta ke pariprekSya meM dIkSA, padapratiSThA, pratimAsthApanA tathA anya dhArmika anuSThAnoM ke vistRta varNana kiye gaye haiM, jinheM paDhatA-paDhatA jainetara pAThaka Uba sakatA hai, kintu jainAcArya ke jIvana kI sArthakatA tathA garimA inhIM kRtyoM meM nihita hai| dhArmika upalabdhiyoM se zUnya dharmanetA kA jIvana nirarthaka hai / udhara pratiSThAsoma ne apanI surucipUrNa zailI se kAvya ko sarasa banAne kA zlAghya prayAsa kiyA hai, aura isameM vaha saphala bhI huA hai / jina

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somasaubhAgya : pratiSThAsoma 325 harSa kI bhA~ti usane aniyantrita tathA anAvazyaka varNanoM se mUla kathA ko avaruddha nahIM kiyA hai| kAlidAsa kI taraha vaha pAThaka kI manaHsthiti se paricita hai| isase pUrva ki pAThaka kA dhIraja chUTe vaha kathAsUtra ko pakar3a kara Age baDhA detA hai / isI lie dhArmika itihAsa se sambandhita hote hue bhI isa kAvya meM rocakatA kA abhAva nahIM hai / kathAnaka ko gatimAn rakhane ke prati kavi kI sajagatA kA yaha spaSTa pramANa hai ki AThaveM sarga meM zatrujayamAhAtmya kA avakAza hote hue bhI usane usakA saMketa karake hI saMtoSa kara liyA hai / kaThinAI yaha hai ki somasaubhAgya mahAkAvya ke lie Avazyaka vividhatA se zUnya hai| isake adhikAMza sargoM meM dhArmika kAryoM ke eka samAna varNana haiM jinheM kavi ne vibhinna zabdAvalI meM prastuta kiyA hai / isalie somasaubhAgya ke ye sarga prabandha se vicchinna svatantra kAvyakhaNDa pratIta hote haiN| kavi ne inheM AcArya somasundara ke gauravazAlI vyaktitva ke sUtra meM bAMdha kara samanvita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| samIkSA somasaubhAgya ke dhArmika pariveza meM kAvyadharmoM kA adhika mahattva nahIM hai| prakRticitraNa ke nAma para samUce kAvya meM samelA-taTAka kA varNana hai, jisakI svAbhAvikatA ullekhanIya hai (6.7-6) / ajJAtanAmA nagara ke varNana meM svAbhAvika tathA alaMkRta zailiyoM kA sammizraNa hai (6.14-16) / somasaubhAgya meM zArIrika saundarya kA citraNa adhika tatparatA se kiyA gayA hai yadyapi isameM paramparAgata paddhati se koI navInatA dikhAI nahIM detii| kAvyanAyaka kI mAtA kA saundarya vyatireka dvArA citrita kiyA gayA hai (1 / 56-61) / kumAra ke citraNa meM nakhazikhavidhi kA Azraya liyA gayA hai| rasAtmakatA kI dRSTi se somasaubhAgya ko saphala nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isameM kisI zAstravihita rasa kA, aMgI rasa ke rUpa meM, paripAka nahIM huA hai| vairAgya, viSayatyAga Adi ke adhika mahattva ke kAraNa eka-do sthAnoM para zAntarasa kI vyaMjanA huI hai| zizu soma kI bAlakeliyoM meM vAtsalya rasa kI madhuratA hai (3.44) / caritacitraNa somasaubhAgya meM asaMkhya pAtra haiN| unameM se kucha kA to kAvya meM ullekha mAtra huA hai, kucha kI vizeSatAoM kA saMketa mAtra kiyA gayA hai, kucha anya ke caritra kA vikAsa nahIM ho sakA hai / sajjana, mAlhaNadevI tathA kAvyanAyaka somasundara ke caritra bhI adhika spaSTa nahIM haiN| sajjana prahlAdanapura kA dhanavAn vyApArI hai / vaha dharmaparAyaNa vyakti hai|

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 326 marasa se paripUrNa usake hRdaya meM jinadharma usI prakAra vihAra karatA hai jaise mAnasarovara meM haMsa' / apanI dharmaniSThA ke kAraNa vaha munijanoM kI dezanAe~ sunatA hai / zatruMjaya Adi tIrthoM kI yAtrA se usane Arhata dharma ko aise dIpta kara diyA jaise gagana ko sUrya / sajjana guNoM kA puMja hai / audArya, dhairya, zaurya, gAmbhIrya Adi guNa usameM Akara aise basa gaye mAno anyatra unake liye koI sthAna na ho| vaha zaizava se hI mithyAtva Adi dUSaNoM se mukta hai / samyaktva usakI bahumUlya nidhi hai / usakI dAnazIlatA se kalpavRkSa bhI lajjita ho jAte haiM / yAcaka-janoM ke prati usakI udAratA ke kAraNa usakI kIrti digdiganta meM vyApta ho gayI hai / " sajjana putravatsala pitA hai / putrajanma kA samAcAra sunakara vaha Ananda se jhUma uThatA hai / isake upalakSya meM vaha prItibhoja kA ThATadAra Ayojana karatA hai tathA yAcakoM ko muktahasta se dAna detA hai / isI putraprema ke kAraNa vaha soma ko zrAmaNya kI durvahatA kA AbhAsa dekara, pravrajyA grahaNa karane se rokane kA prayatna karatA hai / mAlhaNadevI sajjana kI patnI hai / vaha parama sundarI tathA guNoM se sampanna hai | usameM sItA, damayantI, sulasA, aMjanA Adi prAcIna itihAsa kI gauravazAlI nAriyoM guNoM kA samanvaya hai / usake anavadya saundarya ke sAmane devAMganAe~ tathA vidyAdhariyA~ bhI niSprabha haiM / apane vividha guNoM ke kAraNa vaha pati ko isa prakAra priya hai jaise mumukSu ko mukti / indra tathA zacI kI bhA~ti unakA dAmpatya jIvana sukhamaya tathA premapUrNa hai / somasundara kAvya kA nAyaka hai / vaha candramA (soma) kI taraha sundara hai / usakA janma yadyapi vaibhavazAlI parivAra meM huA thA kintu use sAMsArika AkarSaNoM tathA viSayoM meM koI ruci nahIM hai / muni jayAnanda kI dezanA ke jala se sikta hokara usameM vairAgya kA aMkura phUTa par3atA hai / phalataH vaha sAta varSa kI alpAvasthA meM hI cAritrayavrata grahaNa kara letA hai / kramazaH sUripada prApta karake ve 42 varSa taka gaccha kA kuzala netRtva karate haiM / somasundara adbhuta pratibhAzAlI haiN| unakI pratibhA kA anumAna isa tathya se kiyA jA sakatA hai ki lekhazAlA meM tathA dIkSA - prApti ke pazcAt guru ke sAnnidhya meM rahakara ve avilamba vividha zAstroM meM siddhahastatA prApta kara lete haiM / somasundara ke jIvana kI kahAnI Arhata dharma ke utthAna kI gauravapUrNa 3. vahI, 1.41-43 4. vahI, 1.46 5. vahI, 1.45 6. vahI, 1.62-63

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somasaubhAgya : pratiSThAsoma 327 gAthA hai| jinadharma ke vyApaka prasAra ke liye unake kRtyoM kI kAvya meM vistRta tAlikA hai| bhASA somasaubhAgya kI bhASA Adyanta lAlitya tathA sauSThava se otaprota hai| vastutaH, jaisA pahale kahA gayA hai, dharmAcArya ke itihAsa para Azrita isa kAvya kI pariNati yadi mAhAtmyagrantha athavA dharmakathA meM nahIM huI hai, isakA sabase adhika zreya isakI sahaja-madhura bhASA ko hai| sarvatra prAMjalatA se viziSTa hotI huI bhI pratiSThAsoma kI bhASA kathAnaka kI vibhinna sthitiyoM ko, tadanukUla zabdAvalI meM, abhivyakti dene meM samartha hai| isaliye vaha pAtroM kI manaHsthiti ke samAna kahIM harSa se praphulla hai, kahIM zraddhA se taralita tathA kahIM tarka se paripuSTa / dIkSAvadhU kA pANigrahaNa karane ke liye jAte hue kumAra soma kA citra usake mAnasika AhlAda ke anurUpa saralatA tathA ullAsa se paripUrNa hai to jayAnandasUri ko sambodhita kiye gaye zabda ziSyocita zraddhA tathA namratA ko vyakta karate haiM / putra ko prastAvita dIkSA se virata karane ke liye sajjana jisa padAvalI kA prayoga karatA hai, usameM tarka kI pradhAnatA hai| zrAmaNyabhAraH kathamuhyate tvayA vimuhyate yatra mhttrairnraiH| prauDhokSabhirvoDhumazakyamapyavAnastarNakaH putra kathaM hi cAlyate / yo khaDgadhAropari caMkramItyatho yo dustaraM vA taratIha vAridhim / yo vA durArohasuparvaparvataM padbhyAM samArohati puSkaraspRzam // rAdhAkSivedhaM vidadhAti yo budho jvAlAvalIryo jvalanasya vA pibet / atucchabuddhe suta so'pi saMyama dhartuM hi martyazcarikatti sAhasam // 4.37-39 somasaubhAgya kI bhASA meM varNya viSaya kA yathAtathya citra aMkita karane kI paryApta kSamatA hai| sUkSma paryavekSaNa se upasthita kiye gaye usake zabdacitroM meM varNya vastu mUrta ho jAtI hai / khAgahar3I ke jaina mandira kA prastuta varNana paDhakara mAnasapaTala para mandira kA yathArtha rUpa aMkita ho jAtA hai| rUpyAcalaprojjvalatuMgazRMgabhUt suvarNakuMbhocchitadaNDamaNDitam / dhvajAgrajAnavarakiMkiNIsvanaH pramoditaprekSakalokamaNDalam // abhraMlihaiH khaNDitapApamaNDalaH zrImaNDapamaNDitamujjvalaH kalaH / sarvendirAsundarajanamandiraM yaH khAgahaDayAM puri cArvakArayat / / 8.4-5 somasaubhAgya kA racayitA upayukta zabdoM ke cayana tathA gumphana meM siddhahasta hai / yathocita padazayyA ke vivekapUrNa prayoga se kAvya meM zrutimadhura nAda kA samAveza 7. vahI, 4.52-54 8. vahI, 4.56.

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-328 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya huA hai / anuprAsa tathA yamaka sa dRSTi se bahuta upayogI haiN| IDaranareza raNamalla kA prastuta varNana, isa sandarbha meM, ullekhanIya hai| tasyAdhipaH samabhavad bhavadevabhakto ___ yukto guNairavidhuro vidhurociriddhaH / dorvIrya nijitaraNo raNamallabhUpaH kaMdarparUpakalitaH kalitApamuktaH // 7.4 pratiSThAsoma ne eka padya ke dvArA apanA racanA-kauzala athavA zAbdI krIDA pradarzita karane kI ceSTA bhI kI hai / isa padya meM pulliga 'yat' ke sAtoM vibhaktiyoM ke ekavacana ke rUpoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ise citrakAdhya kahanA to nyAyocita nahIM kintu yaha pravRtti usI ora saMketa karatI hai| dadhe kRSNasarasvatIti virudaM yo, yaM ca vidvatprabhu prAvijJanarA, mahArNavasamastIrNo bhavo yena ca / yasmai bhUpagaNo namasyati, zubhaM yasmAcca, yasyojjvalA mUrtiH sphUrtiyutA, parA guNabharA yasmizca vAsaM vyadhuH / / 10.51 somasaubhAgya meM prAyaH sarvatra prasAdaguNasampanna padAvalI kA prayoga huA hai, jo niyamataH samAsarahita athavA alpasamAsa-yukta hotI hai / parantu kAvya meM, katipaya sthaloM para, samAsAnta padAvalI bhI dRSTigamya hotI hai| yaha avazya hai ki usakI samAsAnta bhASA meM bhI kliSTatA nahIM hai / pUrvoddhRta samelA-taTAka kA varNana samAsAnta padAvalI meM hotA huA bhI sarala tathA subodha hai| somasaubhAgya kI bhASA meM kucha doSa bhI vidyamAna haiN| pratiSThAsoma ke kucha prayoga vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se cintya haiM / 'gAhamAne nabhoMgaNam' ke sthAna para 'nabhoMgaNe' (2.57), hRdayaM dayeddhaM ......"pravaro'dhyuvAsa' ke lie 'hRdaye dayeddhe', (5.6) 'dRkpathamAyAtAH' kI jagaha 'dRkpatheSvAyAtAH' (5.56) 'jajJire' ke sthAna para 'jajuH' (6.1, 26), varasUripadapratiSThAkAraNena ke lie... .kAra'paNeNa (7.22), tathA 'vibhunA samaH' kI jagaha 'vibhoH samaH' (8.61) kA prayoga pANinIya zAstra kA ullaMghana hai| 'vicintyeti tataH puNyastataH' (2.25), anyadovyAM gu| (3.40), bhrAtAnujaH (6.20), zucivAcamUce (6.23), pIyUSayUSama pi taM madhuratvayuktam (7.80), sauvamAtmAnaM (6.1), svAtmAnaM na hi kevalaM (10.61) tathA bahudhAmabhRdbhAk (1.60) pado meM adhika doSa hai / 'ramAzritAMgaH' ke lie 'kaMsamathanAMganayAzritAMga:' (4.62) kA 'vicitra prayoga 'kliSTatva' doSa se dUSita hai / cellAti dIkSAm (4.28) tathA cetsthApayAmi (5.27) padoM meM 'cet' kA pada ke Arambha meM prayoga vAmana ke vidhAnana padAdau khalvAdayaH--kA atikramaNa hotA huA bhI jaina kaviyoM ko mAnya hai / anya jaina kAvyoM kI taraha somasaubhAgya meM napherI, ghola, jemanavAra, Dhaulla,

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somasaubhAgya : pratiSThAsoma 326 sera, caMga, nAraMga, buraga, ghuTana, cUraNa Adi dezI zabda prayukta hue haiM tathA katipaya lokoktiyoM kA bhI samAveza kiyA gayA hai, jo ise rocakatA pradAna karatI haiM / kucha sUktiyA~ ullekhanIya haiN| 1. dussaho hi mahatAmiha mAnabhaMgaH / 1.44 2. syAllajjitazca vijitazca hi dUravartI / 1.57 3. vidyA hyantargataM vittam / 2.50 4. mahatAmIhitamakhilaM saphalaM sampadyate / 8.63 alaMkAravidhAna somasaubhAgya guru ke prati kavi kI sAhityika zraddhAMjali hai / citra-vicitra alaMkAroM ke dvArA apanI vidvattA baghAranA athavA pAThaka ko camatkRta karanA use abhISTa nahIM / bhAvAbhivyakti ko vizada banAne ke lie somasaubhAgya meM zabdAlaMkAra tathA arthAlaMkAra donoM ko prayukta kiyA gayA hai / anuprAsa tathA yamaka ke prati kavi kA vizeSa anurAga hai| vastutaH kAvya ke adhikAMza meM inakI antardhArA hai / yaha kahanA atyukti na hogA ki kAvya kA lAlitya evaM nAda-saundarya anuprAsa tathA yamaka kI nIMva para hI AdhArita hai| inake hRdayAvarjaka udAharaNoM se kAvya bharA par3A hai ! pUrvAcAryoM kI paramparA ke varNana meM anuprAsa kA mAdhurya hai| etebhya ibhyendranatebhya Asan gacchA atucchA bhuvi vaaddhisNkhyaaH| nAmAnurUpAH vimalasvarUpAH vinamrabhUpAH zamavArikUpAH // 3.18 pratiSThAsoma kA yamaka anuprAsa kI bhA~ti hI madhura tathA spaSTa hai / ata: usase kAvyabodha meM bAdhA nahIM aatii| kAvya meM adhikatara sabhaMga yamaka kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| abhinava gacchanAyaka devasundara kA yaha varNana yamaka para AdhArita ye bhAgyabhaMgisubhagAH subhagAnayogya sphUrjadguNAH shrmnnsNshritpaadpdmaaH| padmAzrayAH kRtasamastamahIvihArA ___hArA ivorasi babhuyaMtidharmalakSmyAH // 5.4. somasaubhAgya meM zleSa kA prayoga kama huA hai| kavi kI suruci use durUhatA se bacAne meM samartha hai| nimnokta paMktiyoM meM purasuMdariyoM tathA udyAnoM kA zliSTa varNana bahuta manorama hai| rambhAbhirAmA nagarasya yasyArAmAzca rAmAH sadRzA virejuH / uccaiH sanAraMgadharAH pravAlazriyAzritAH patralasatkucADhyAH // 6.16 zabdAlaMkAroM kI bhAMti arthAlaMkAra bhI kAvyasaundarya ko prasphuTita karane meM sahAyaka bane haiM / prastuta padya meM upamA kA prayoga hai| kumAra soma ke sadguNoM kI

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 330 tulanA yahAM haMsoM se kI gayI hai jo guNoM ke zveta raMga ke kAraNa bahuta saTIka hai / kAvya meM anyatra zleSopamA kA prayoga bhI dRSTigata hotA hai / mAlopamA ke bhI kati - paya udAharaNa upalabdha haiM / " praguNaiH sadguNaiH somaH zuzubhe sa zubhekSaNaH / kAsAra iva vA:sAraH sitadyutisitacchadaiH / / 2.71 padapratiSThA ke lie saje hue, ibhya devarAja ke ghara ke varNana meM utprekSA kI chaTA darzanIya hai / yahA~ devarAja ke gharoM meM zraddhApUrNa hRdayoM kI sambhAvanA kI gayI hai / vAto mavellacchu ciketanAni niketanAni vyavahArinetuH / bhAsi tasya guNAnvitasya zraddhojjvalAnIva lasanmanAMsi // 6.44 nimnokta paMktiyoM meM somasuMdara ke eka paTTadhara ratnazekharasUri tathA candana-vRkSa ke varNana meM bimba pratibimba bhAva hai / ataH yaha dRSTAMta alaMkAra hai / AzaizavAdapi nayI vinayI vibhAti vijJo manojJaguNabhUt trijagadgururyaH / fe candanadrudayannapi no labhetoccai nirmalaM parimalaM bhuvanaprazastam / / 10.26 guru somadeva kI vAgmitA ke jJApaka isa padya meM vizeSa kathana kA sAmAnya ukti se samarthana kiyA gayA hai / isalie isameM arthAntaranyAsa alaMkAra hai / vAdovarAM bhajati yatra hi kAkanAzaM nezuH pravAdinikarA mukharA api zrAk / asi vitanvati vane prabale mRgendra niHzukazukaragaNAH prasaranti ki te / / 10.35. prahlAdanapura ke prastuta varNana meM kramazaH kathita dhanuSa se guNavAn kA, zAri se jana kA tathA khaDga se puranAyaka kA vyavaccheda hone ke kAraNa parisaMkhyA alaMkAra hai / dRzyeta yatra dhanuSo guNabhaMgabhAvo lokasya no guNavataH sa kadAcanApi / mAristu zAriSu na caiva janeSu, khaDge pUrnAyake bhavati no dRDhamuSTitA ca // 1.23 lakSmIsAgarasUri ke vAkkozala ke prastuta padya meM unake vacanoM se zretAoM ke hRdayoM ke Ardra hone tathA komala vANI se patthara ke phUTane ke varNana meM virodhaalaMkAra hai / ArdrIkRtAni vacanaha sacetanAnAM cittAnyatucchatapagacchapurandarasya / 6. bhrAtAnujastasya ca hemarAjo rarAja rAjeva sa rAjamAnyaH / svagovilAsairnayate vikAzaM yaM kaumudaM [pApatamaH prahaMtA / / somasaubhAgya, 6.20 10. vahI, 1.51,62 Adi

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somasaubhAgya : pratiSThAsoma 331 fka citramasya tu girA sukumArayApi zrAk bhidyate dRSadiha dhruvamekazo'pi // uparyukta alaMkAroM ke atirikta somasaubhAgya meM rUpaka, vyatireka, sahokti yathAsaMkhya, bhrAntimAn, saMdeha Adi bhI abhivyakti ke mAdhyama bane haiM / chandayojanA somasaubhAgya ke pratyeka sarga meM eka chanda kI pradhAnatA hai / sargAnta meM chanda badala jAtA hai / prathama do sargoM kA mukhya chanda kramazaH vasantatilakA tathA anuSTup hai / donoM kA antima padya zArdUlavikrIDita meM hai / tRtIya tathA caturtha sarga meM upa kI pradhAnatA hai| tRtIya sarga ke anta meM vasantatilakA, zikhariNI tathA zArdUlavikrIDita chanda prayukta hue haiM / caturtha sarga kI upajAti meM indravaMzA tathA vaMzastha kA mizraNa hai / sargAnta ke tIna padya vasantatilakA tathA zArdUlavikrIDita meM haiM / pA~caveM tathA sAtaveM sarga meM vasantatilakA aura zArdUlavikrIDita kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / chaThe tathA AThaveM donoM sargoM meM pradhAnataH upajAti ko sthAna milA hai / sarga ke anta meM zArdUlavikrIDita ko apanAyA gayA hai| naveM sarga kI racanA AryA meM huI hai / anta ke chaha padya zArdUlavikrIDita meM nibaddha haiM / dasaveM sarga meM vasantatilakA, mAlinI tathA zArdUlavikrIDita ina tIna chandoM ko racanA kA AdhAra banAyA gayA hai / kula milA kara somasaubhAgya meM chaha chanda prayukta hue haiN| inameM upajAti kI pradhAnatA hai / tatpazcAt vasantatilakA kA sthAna hai / somasaubhAgya meM samAjacitraNa somasaubhAgya kA sAhityika mUlya kucha bhI ho, isameM tatkAlIna samAja ke katipaya pakSoM kA vizada citraNa huA hai / Ajakala kI bhA~ti usa samaya bhI putrajanma apUrva harSollAsa kA avasara thA tathA nAnA Amoda-pramoda evaM nRtya-gAyana se usakA abhinandana kiyA jAtA thaa| mAtA-pitA ko putrajanma kI badhAI dene vAle vyaktiyoM ko akSata cAvala bheMTa kiye jAte the| pitA prasannatAvaza anya nAnAvidha dAna detA thA / striyA~ sajadhaja kara maMgala gIta gAtI thIM / isa zubha avasara para dhanavAnoM ke gharoM meM motiyoM se zubha svastika cihna banAne kI prathA thI / Ama ke pattoM se mAMgalika toraNa banAe jAte the / pezevara gAyaka sarasa gIta gAyA karate the tathA vezyAe~ nRtya karatI thIM / dIkSAgrahaNa, padapratiSThA Adi ke anya prasaMgoM meM paNyAMganAoM ke nRtya kA ullekha kAvya meM kiyA gayA hai / sambhavataH samAja meM unake karma ke viparIta unakA nRtyakauzala garhita nahIM mAnA jAtA thA / jinAlayoM meM isa avasara para vizeSa pUjA kI jAtI thI tathA vividha utsavoM kA Ayojana kiyA jAtA thA / " janma ke bArahaveM dina zizu kA nAmakaraNa kiyA jAtA thA / 12 uccavarga bhAva11. vahI, 2013-16 12 . vahI, 2.21

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332 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya pUrNa tathA sArthaka nAma pasanda karatA thaa|13 nAmakaraNa ke avasara para zizu kA pitA apane bandhu-bAndhavoM ko ThATadAra bhoja detA thA kyoMki annadAna sarvottama puNya hai / anya dAna anna-dAna ke pAsaMga bhI nahIM haiN| sAmUhika bhoja meM loga paMgata meM baiTha kara bhojana karate the / bhojana sone, cAMdI tathA kAMse ke pAtroM meM parasA jAtA thaa|" pratiSThAsoma ne kAvya meM kaI sthAnoM para tatkAlIna khAdya padArthoM kI vistRta sUcI dI hai| usase vidita hotA hai ki bhojana meM sarvaprathama drAkSA, akharoTa, cAruvallI Adi phala tathA khAMDa dI jAtI thii| modaka, phANita, khajjaka, ghRtapUrNa bar3e, lapasI, gur3a, somAla, kara, dAla, bhAta, maMDaka, taila, sugandhita ghI tathA vividha pakavAnoM kA ullekha bhI kAvya meM AyA hai / 5 paMgata meM baiThe logoM ko gRhapati paMkhoM tathA vastrAcaloM se havA karatA thA / 16 bhojana ke anta meM atithiyoM ko pAna dene kI prathA thii| svarNakaNoM tathA maNiyoM se yukta vizeSa pAna kA bhI kAvya meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai / padapratiSThA tathA bimba-sthApanA Adi anya viziSTa avasaroM para bhI isI koTi kA sAmUhika bhoja Ayojita kiyA jAtA thaa| zikSA kA samAja meM bahuta mahattva thaa| vidyA ko samasta sampadAoM kI jananI tathA kIrti kA sopAna mAnA jAtA thaa| samAja vidyAdhana se sampanna raMka ko bhI dhanavAn mAnatA thaa| citta ke abhedya koza meM sthita isa dhana ko bAMTanA athavA curAnA sambhava nahIM / samAja kA dRr3ha vizvAsa thA ki vidyAhIna puruSa, saMskArahIna maNi kI bhA~ti grAhya nahIM hai / vidyA prApti kA niyamita sthAna svabhAvataH vidyAlaya thA / svayaM pitA zizu ko praviSTa karAne ke liye jAtA thaa| vidyArambha Amoda-pramoda tathA dAna-gAna kA pavitra avasara thaa| zizu ghor3e para baiThakara ThATa se praveza ke lie lekhazAlA jAtA thaa| vahA~ pitA apane putra ke abhyudaya ke lie vAgdevI sarasvatI kI vandanA karatA thA, yAcakoM ko dhana-vastra Adi detA thA aura adhyApakoM tathA chAtroM ko madhura khAdya padArtha bheMTa karatA thaa| vidyAdhyayana pA~ca varSa kI avasthA meM Arambha kiyA jAtA thaa| 13. sAnvarthA hya tamAnAM syAdAkhyA khyAtA kSamAtale / vahI, 2.36 14. vahI, 2-26 tathA 7.78 15. vahI, 2.27-32, 5.58, 6.55,7.77 .16. vahI, 2.33 17. bhojanAnte ca tAmbUlavITakAni samarpya saH / vahI, 2.35 tathA 8.12 . 15. kaladhautahemaTakaiH kalitaM tAmbUlamatulamadAt / vahI, 6.64 / 16. vahI, 5.58, 6.55 Adi 20. vahI, 2.47-53 21. vahI, 2.56-62

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somasaubhAgya : pratiSThAsoma 333 pAThazAlA meM adhyayana kA prArambha svabhAvataH varNamAlA se kiyA jAtA thaa| varNajJAna se pUrva OM kA uccAraNa mAMgalika mAnA jAtA thaa| tatkAlIna pAThyakrama meM dharmasUtra, vyAkaraNa, chandazAstra, liMgAnuzAsana, nAmamAlA, zArIrika dhAtuoM kA jJAna, aMkagaNita tathA gAyanakalA nirdhArita thii| yaha lekhazAlA kA pAThyakrama thA / dIkSita hone ke pazcAt muni somasundara ne dazavaikAlika sUtra tathA naMdisUtra, ina jaina zAstroM ke atirikta zabdazAstra, sAhitya, chanda, tattvajJAna, tarka, alaMkAra tathA upaniSadoM kA vidhivat abhyAsa kiyA thaa| ye viSaya yadyapi dIkSita sAdhu ke liye nizcita the kintu inheM sAmAnyata: tatkAlIna pAThyakrama mAnA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra pandrahavIM zatAbdI meM chAtra ke bauddhika vikAsa ke liye bahumukhI pAThyakrama nirdhArita thaa| somasaubhAgya meM 'kAvyaprakAza' ke adhyApana kA ullekha (10.6) sAhityazAstra, vizeSata: mammaTa ke grantha ke pracalana tathA mahattva kA sUcaka hai / adhyayana ke liye tIvra smaraNazakti kA mahattva nirvivAda hai| soma ne smaraNazakti ke kAraNa hI, alpAyu meM, zAstrasAgara ko pAra kara liyA thaa| somasaubhAgya meM katipaya vastroM tathA AbhUSaNoM kI carcA huI hai| pada-pratiSThA ke samaya prabhAvanA Adi ke atirikta AcArya tathA saMgha kI paridhApanikA kI jAtI thI, jisameM samUce saMgha ko bahumUlya vastra bheMTa kiye jAte the / bhuvanasundara vAcaka kI sUripada para pratiSThA ke avasara para videzI vastra diye jAne kA ullekha kAvya meM huA hai / pracalita ASabhUNoM meM hAra, ardhahAra, mukuTa, kuNDala, keyUra, vIravalaya, maNi, mudrikA tathA kargacUla sammilita the| pratiSThAsoma ke samasAmayika samAja kA zakunoM tathA muhUrtoM para dRr3ha vizvAsa thaa| sabhI kArya mohUrtikoM dvArA nizcita zubha dina athavA lagna meM kie jAte the| kucha jainAcArya bhI jyotirvidyA ke pAraMgata AcArya the| dhArmika anuSThAna unhIM kI sammati se zubha samaya para sampanna hote the / sajjana ne jisa dina apane putra ko pATazAlA meM praviSTa karAyA thA, vaha jyotiSI dvArA nirdhArita kiyA gayA thaa| mAMgalika muhUrta Adi ke prati samAja kI isa AsthA ke kAraNa svabhAvataH jyotiSiyoM ko sammAnita pada prApta thaa| zubhAzubha zakunoM ke vicAra kA itihAsa bhI bahuta prAcIna hai| somasaubhAgya meM sadhavA strI kA jalapUrNa ghaTa lekara sAmane AnA, subhUSita paNyAMganA kA dIkhanA tathA khara, zaNDa aura azva kA bAyIM ora zabda karanA zubha zakuna 22. OMkAramAtRkApAThaprArambhaM samakArayat / vahI, 2.60 23. vahI, 2.64-70 24. 5.6. 11-12,46 25. vahI 2.68 26. vahI, 8.12 27. vahI, 5.55, 7.67

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334 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya mAne gae haiM / " zreSThI guNarAja ke sasaMgha yAtrA ke lie prasthAna karate samaya ye sabhI utsAhavarddhaka zakuna hue the / dharma somasaubhAgya yadyapi jaina dhArmika itihAsa se sambandhita racanA hai kintu isameM jaina darzana athavA dharma ke gUr3ha tattvoM kA vivecana nahIM huA hai / jayAnandasUri kI dezanA meM jaina dharma kI sAmAnya carcA hai| Arhata dharma ke antargata zramaNoM tathA zrAvakoM ke lie pRthak AcAroM kA vidhAna thA / aupAsika dharma se to krama se hI mukti prApta hotI hai kintu yatidharma vratadhAriyoM ko isI loka hai / jaina samAja meM, Ajakala kI bhA~ti, usa samaya bhI dIkSA ko mokSa kA dvAra mAnA jAtA thA / samAja ko vizvAsa thA ki dIkSA kalpavallI ke samAna mAnava kI samasta icchAoM kI pUrti karatI hai / " meM mokSa pradAna karatA 29 somasaubhAgya meM anya mahattvapUrNa saMketa pratiSThA soma ke kAvya meM prasaMgavaza prAcIna itihAsa ke katipaya pratApI samrAToM, mantriyoM, jainAcAryoM tathA kaviyoM evaM vidvAnoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / gujarAta-nareza kumArapAla tathA mahAmAtya vastupAla jaina dharma ke advitIya prabhAvaka tathA sAhitya-poSaka the / vastupAla ko kAvya meM sabase adhika -- tIna bAra - smaraNa kiyA gayA hai / vastupAla devendrasUri kI vAkkalA se itane abhibhUta the ki vyAkhyAna sunate samaya unakA sira jhUmane lagatA thA / " raivataka para sthita unake 'prAsAda' kA jIrNoddhAra ahamadAbAda ke dhanADhya vyApArI samarasiMha ne kiyA thA / " kumArapAla kA prathama ullekha unake tAraNagiri ke vihAra ke jIrNoddhAra ke prasaMga meM huA hai / pratiSThAsoma ne lakSmI kI asthiratA ko nava nandoM, vikrama, nala, muMja, bhoja tathA hAla -- ina itihAsa - prasiddha samrAToM ke nAmazeSa vaibhava ke udAharaNa se rekhAMkita kiyA hai / " guNarAja kI udAratA tathA dAnazIlatA kI tulanA rAjA samprati ke atirikta kumArapAla tathA vastupAla ke sAtha kI gayI hai / " mevAr3a - nareza kumbhakarNa ( rANA kumbhA ) guru somadeva kI kAvyakalA ke prabala samarthaka the / 25 jaina dharma ke mahApuruSoM tathA 28. vahI, 8.33-35 26. vahI, 4.13-14 30. vahI, 3.28 39. vahI, 6.77 32. vahI, 7.10-11 33. vahI, 6.26-27 34. vahI, 8.46-50 35. vahI, 10.38

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somasaubhAgya : pratiSThAsoma 335 vidvAnoM meM mAnadeva, mAnatuMga, bappabhaTTi, hemacandrasUri, siddhasena tathA vajrasvAmI ko AdarapUrvaka smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| sthUlabhadra dvArA kozA ko pratibodha dene kA bhI kAvya meM pratyakSa saketa hai| somasundarasUri kA ziSyamaNDala : usakI upalabdhiyAM somasaubhAgya ke dasaveM sarga meM gacchapati somasundara ke paTTadharoM kA saMkSipta varNana tathA unakI sAhityika evaM dhArmika upalabdhiyoM kA nirUpaNa hai / isa sarga meM tapAgaccha ke ina jAcAryoM ke viSaya meM atIva mUlyavAn sAmagrI nihita hai / somasundarasUri ke prathama paTTadhara AcArya munisundara ne apane nirmala caritra tathA adamya dharmotsAha se jaina zAsana ke abhyudaya meM adbhuta yoga diyaa| unakI preraNA se rohiNI nagara ke zAsaka ne svayaM mRgayA kA parityAga kiyA tathA apane rAjya meM prANihiMsA para pratibandha lagA diyA / munisundara delavAr3A meM zAntistavana se mahAmAri ke bhayaMkara prakopa ko zAnta karake pahale hI vilakSaNatA prApta kara cuke the| unakI dharma-prabhAvanA kI tulanA mAnadeva tathA mAnatuMga jaise prAcIna AcAryoM se kI jAtI thii|" jayacaMdrasUri vibhinna zAstroM ke pAragAmI vidvAn the| unakI sAhityazAstra, vizeSataH kAvyaprakAza, kI marmajJatA kI kAvya meM vizeSa carcA huI hai / bahumukhI pANDitya ke kAraNa unheM 'kRSNavAgdevatA' kI anupama upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyA gayA thaa| jinasuMdara gyAraha aMgasUtroM ke adhikArI tathA sarvamAnya vidvAn the ! aMgasUtra unake mAnasa meM aise sthita the jaise (pralayakAla meM) samasta loka viSNu ke udara meM samA jAte haiM / 38 sUrirAja lakSmIsAgara tapAgaccha ke vilakSaNa AcArya the| ve mahAna zAstrArthI, vAkkalA ke bRhaspati, sadguNoM ke bhaNDAra tathA parama dharmotsAhI yati the| kAvya meM unakI vividha upalabdhiyoM kA gyAraha padyoM meM savistAra nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| unhoMne jUnAgar3ha ke zAsaka kI sabhA meM, zAstrArtha meM, vijaya prApta karake apanI bahuzrutatA tathA vAkkauzala pramANti kiyA thaa| unakI komala vANI meM sudhAvarSI vyAkhyAna sunakara zrotAoM kA hRdaya dravita ho jAtA thaa| rAjA somadAsa ke vizvAsapAtra salhasAdhu dvArA racita mahotsava meM unhoMne lakSmI kI pItala kI praur3ha (bhArI) pratimA kI pratiSThA kI, dakSiga deza ke mahAdeva ke anurodha para calATApallI meM do sAdhuoM ko vAcakapada pradAna kiyA, 72 jinAlayoM meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke bimbapaTTa pratiSThita kie tathA vAcaka zubha ratna ko pravara sUripada para abhiSikta kiyaa| somadeva 36. vahI, 10.1-4 37. vidvattayA prathitayAmitayAtra kRSNavAgdevateti virudaM guru yo dadhAra / vahI 10.5 ___ adhyApayadvituSamaMtiSadAM mahAtha kAvyaprakAzavarasammatimukhyazAstram / vahI, 10.6 38. aMgAni yo'tarudaraM darahRddadhAra rudrapramANi bhuvanAni yathA mukundaH / vahI, 10.8 36. vahI, 10021-31

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336 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya pratibhAvAn kavi tathA zAstrArtha kI kalA meM pAraMgata the / zAstrArtha - maNDapa meM unake praviSTa hone para pravAdiyoM kA darpa cUra ho jAtA thA / kAvyakalA ke kAraNa unheM rAjadarabAra meM sammAna prApta thA / rANA kumbhA unakI kAvya-pratibhA ke itane prazaMsaka the ki ve unheM zrIharSa se bhI zreSTha kavi mAnate the ! jUnAgar3ha ke rAjA ke mANDalika unake samasyApUrti ke kauzala se camatkRta ho uThate the / durUha granthoM ko hRdayaMgama karane kI unameM advitIya kSamatA thI / vastutaH pRthvI loka ke bRhaspati the / " ratnamaNDana vidvad goSThI ke ratna the / unameM madhuragambhIra padya tathA hRdayagrAhI gadya kI avirAma racanA karane kA adbhuta kauzala tathA sAmarthya thA / " zubharatnasUri ne apanI dArzanika pratibhA se vAcaspati ko bhI pachAr3a diyA thA / sapta gUr3ha nayoM meM unakI pravINatA atula thI / " vAcaka hemahaMsa saMskRta bhASA ke paTu vaktA tathA vAdiyoM ke darpaM ke vaidya the / paNDita vivekasAgara vipakSI zAstrArthiyoM kI gajaghaTA ke lie sAkSAt siMha the / tarkazAstra meM unakI gaharI paiTha thI / " paNDita ratnaprabha durUha evaM kliSTa zAstroM ke adhyApana meM vizeSa kuzala the / 45 somasaubhAgya pratiSThAsoma kI kAvyapratibhA kA unmeSa hai / isameM tatkAlIna samAja kA vyApaka citra samAhita hai aura isase tapAgaccha ke vibhinna AcAryoM kI dhArmika tathA sAhityika upalabdhiyoM kI mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI prApta hotI hai / sImita-sA kathAnaka cunakara bhI pratiSThAsoma ne apanI suruci tathA lalita zailI se kAvya ko rocaka banAne kA pUrNa prayatna kiyA hai / kaThinAI yaha hai ki kAvya meM usakI pratibhA ke vihAra ke lie adhika avakAza nahIM hai / yadi vaha kisI vyApaka kathAnaka ko lekara kAvya-racanA karatA to usakI pratibhA sAhitya ko utkRSTa kRti pradAna kara sakatI thI / 40. vahI, 10.32-43 49. vahI, 10.44-45 42. vahI, 10.46 43. vahI, 10.53 44. vahI, 10.54 45. vahI, 10.60

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17. sumatisambhava : sarvavijayagaNi tapAgacchIya AcAryoM ke jIvanavRtta para racita mahAkAvyoM kI zrRMkhalA meM sarvavijayagaNa kA sumatisambhava, kAvyAtmaka guNoM tathA aitihAsika tathyoM kI prAmANikatA ke kAraNa vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / kAvya ke zIrSaka meM, ApAtataH, jaina tIrthaMkara sumati tathA sambhava ke nAma dhvanita haiM kintu unakA kAvya se koI sambandha nahIM hai / somasaubhAgya kI bhA~ti isameM bhI tapAgaccha ke eka AcArya, sumatisAdhu ke dharmaniSTha carita ko nibaddha karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| saMskRta ke prAcIna aitihAsika mahAkAvyoM kI paramparA ke anurUpa sumatisambhava meM jainAcArya kA vRtta alaMkRta kAvyazailI kA AMcala ekar3a kara AyA hai jisake phalasvarUpa isameM kAvya-rUr3hiyoM kA to tatparatA se pAlana kiyA gayA hai kintu somasaubhAgya kI taraha isameM kAvya-nAyaka kI sAmAjika evaM dhArmika caryA kI adhika jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai / sumatisAdhu ke zraddhAlu bhakta, mANDavagaDha ke dhanavAn zrAvaka, jAvar3a ke atula vaibhava, sAmAjika pratiSThA tathA dharmaparAyaNatA ke bAre meM, kAvya meM, kahIM adhika upayogI tathA atyanta rocaka sAmagrI nihita hai / 1 sumatisambhava kI ekamAtra jJAta hastalikhita prati ( 7305 ) ezayATika sosAiTI baMgAla, kalakattA meM surakSita hai / ' ATha sargoM kA yaha kAvya unnIsa patroM para likhA gayA thA / inameM se pA~cavAM tathA chaThA, do patra anupalabdha haiM / AThaveM sarga kA eka aMza (padya 30 - 43 tathA cavAlIsaveM padya ke prathama tIna caraNa) bhI naSTa ho cukA hai / anyatra bhI kAvya kaI sthaloM para khaNDita tathA azuddhiyoM se dUSita hai / pratyeka pRSTha para teraha paMktiyA~ aura pratyeka paMkti meM cAlIsa akSara haiN| kahIM-kahIM vyAkhyAtmaka TippaNiyA~ bhI likhI huI haiN| prastuta vivecana sumatisambhava kI ukta hastaprati kI phoTo- prati para AdhArita hai, jo hameM zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ke saujanya se prApta huI thI / sumatisambhava kA mahAkAvyatva Satara ke prati kavi kI pratibaddhatA ke kAraNa somasaubhAgya kI apekSA sumatisambhava kA mahAkAvyatva adhika puSTa tathA prabhAvI hai, yadyapi isameM bhI mahAkAvya 1. draSTavya : bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA 'zrIsumatisambhava nAmaka aitihAsika kAvya kI upalabdhi', jaina satyaprakAza, varSa 20, aMka 2-3, pR. 44-45.

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338 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya ke samUce paramparAgata tattva vidyamAna nahIM haiM / maMgalAcaraNa, sarga-saMkhyA unake nAmakaraNa, kAvya-zIrSaka, chandoM ke vidhAna Adi mahAkAvya ke bAhya tattvoM meM sarvavijaya ne zAstra kA yathAvat pAlana kiyA hai| citrakUTa tathA kAvyanAyaka ke janmasthAna jyAyapura ke vistRta varNana se nagara-varNana kI rUDhi kI pUrti kI gayI hai| parvatamAlA sandhyA, candrodaya, sUryodaya, Adi vastuvyApAra ke lalita varNana eka ora kAvya meM vaividhya kA saMcAra karate haiM aura dUsarI ora kAvya-zailI ke prati kavi kI niSThA ke sUcaka haiN| ___ mahAkAvya ke Antarika svarUpa vidhAyaka tattvoM kI dRSTi se sumatisambhava kI sthiti momasaubhAgya se adhika bhinna nahIM haiN| somasundara ke samAna pratiSThita ibhya kula meM utpanna sumatisAdhu isake nAyaka haiM jinheM, unakI zamavRtti ke prAdhAnya ke kAraNa, dhIraprazAnta mAnanA adhika ucita hogA / kAvya meM varNita unakA carita, garimA tathA khyAti ke kAraNa, zAstrIya vidhAna ke anukUla hai / caturvarga meM se sumatisambhava kA uddezya dharma hai| dhanakubera jAvar3a kI dharmacaryA ke nirUpaNa ke dvArA mAnava jIvana meM, artha tathA kAma ko maryAdita karate hue, dharma kI sarvopari mahattA kA pratipAdana karanA kavi kA abhISTa hai / kAvya kI bhASA meM prasAda tathA praur3hatA kA manorama mizraNa hai / citrakAvya ke dvArA sarvavijaya ne apanI bhASA meM camatkRti utpanna karane kA prayAsa bhI kiyA hai / isa sthUla zarIra ke hote hue bhI sumatisambhava AtmA se prAyaH pUrNatayA vaMcita hai / mahAkAvyocita rasavattA kA na honA isakI bahuta bar3I truTi hai / caritra-vizleSaNa ke prati bhI kavi adhika sajaga nahIM hai| parantu sumatisambhava ko, ukta tattvoM ke abhAva meM bhI, mahAkAvya mAnanA ucita hogaa|' pratyeka sarga kI puSpikA meM kavi ne ise AgrahapUrvaka mahAkAvya kI saMjJA dI hai / kavi-paricaya tathA racanAkAla __sumatisambhava ke kartA ke viSaya meM kAvya se kevala itanA hI jJAta hotA hai ki vaha paNDita zivahema kA ziSya tathA jinamANikya kA chAtra thaa| sarvavijaya ne pravrajyA zivahema se grahaNa kI thI, kintu usake vidyAguru jinamANikya the / zivahemapaNDitAnAM ziSyazizucakendracandrANAm / zrIjinamANikyAnAM chAtraH zAstraM vyadhattedam // 8.45 sarvavijaya tapAgaccha kA anuyAyI thaa| usakI muni paramparA tapAgaccha ke pacAsaveM gacchadhara AcArya somasundarasUri taka pahu~catI hai| pUrvavartI gacchanAyakoM ke jIvana-vRtta para kAvya likhane kI paramparA jaina sAhitya meM cirakAla se calI A rahI hai| 2. nyUnamapi yaH kazcidaMgaiH kAvyamatra na duSyati / yApAtteSu sampattirArAdhayati tadvidaH / kAvyAdarza, 1.20

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sumatisambhava : sarvavijayagaNi 336 kAvya meM upalabdha sUtroM ke AdhAra para isakA racanAkAla nizcita karanA kaThina nahIM hai / bhumatisambhava kI ekamAtra jJAta hastaprati samvat 1554 meM iladurga (IDara) meM likhI gayI thii| kAvya meM, jAvar3a dvArA samvat 1547 meM kI gayI pratimA-pratiSThA kA varNana hone ke kAraNa yaha usa varSa (saMvat 1547) tathA pUrvokta hastaprati ke pratilipi-kAla, sambat 1554, ke madhya likhA gayA hogaa| antima bhAga ke naSTa ho jAne se yaha kahanA sambhava nahIM ki kAvya meM nAyaka ke nidhana kA ullekha thA athavA nahIM / kintu isake zIrSaka ko dekhate hue adhika sambhava yahI hai ki yaha varNana kAvya meM nahIM thA / ataH kAvya-racanA kI antima sImA sambat 1551 nizcita hotI hai| sarvavijaya kA anya kAvya, Anandasundara, isase pUrva kI racanA hai kyoMki usameM sumatimAdhu, jinakA svargArohaNa sambat 1551 meM huA thA, ke jIvita hone kA saMketa hai| kathAnaka sumatisambhava ke ATha sargoM meM jainAcArya sumatisAdhu kA jIvanavRtta varNita hai / kAvya kA prArambha do padyoM ke maMgalAcaraNa se huA hai, jinameM kramazaH Adideva tathA vAgdevI kI stuti kI gayI hai / tatpazcAt prathama sarga meM mevAr3a, usakI rAjadhAnI citrakUTa (cittaur3a), usake zAsakoM tathA parvatamAlA kA kavitvapUrNa varNana hai| apane atula vaibhava ke ka raNa mevAr3a samrAT-sA pratIta hotA hai / usake zAsakoM meM rAjA kumbhakarNa (rANA kumbhA) ke parAkrama, dAnazIlatA tathA anya sadguNoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai / dvitIya sarga ke upalabdha bhAga meM jyAyapura, vahA~ ke dhanavAn zrAvakoM, zreSThI sudarzana tathA usakI rUpavatI patnI saMpUradevI kA rocaka varNana hai / sudarzana tathA saMpUradevI sambhavataH kAvya-nAyaka ke mAtA-pitA the / isa sarga ke lupta bhAga meM saMpUradevI ke svapnadarzana tathA garbhAdhAna kA varNana rahA hogaa| tRtIya sarga kI puSpikA se jJAta hotA hai ki isake prathama tIsa padyoM meM, jo naSTa ho cuke haiM, kumAra ke janma tathA zaizava kA citraNa kiyA gayA thaa| prApta aMza meM kumAra prArambhika vidyAbhyAsa ke pazcAt cAritryalakSmI kA pANigrahaNa karane kA nizcaya karatA hai / caturtha sarga meM kumAra dIkSA grahaNa karane ke liye prasthAna karatA hai| yahIM use dekhane ko lAlAyita paura yuvatiyoM kI ceSTAoM kA manorama citraNa huA hai| durbhAgyavaza usake pravrajyA-grahaNa ke varNana vAle padya kA vaha aMza naSTa ho cukA hai, jisameM samvat 3. samvat 1554 varSe zrIiladurgamahAnagare harSakulagaNayaH sumatisambhavagraMthamalI likhallekhakena / ---lipikAra kI antya ttippnnii|| 4. athaiSa varSe tithivedalokapapratime / sumatisambhava, 4.7 5. draSTavya : DaoN0 kAujhe-'jAvar3a oNpha mANDU' madhyapradeza itihAsa-pariSad kI patrikA, aMka 4, pR0 134-135

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340 jana saMskRta mahAkAvya dina Adi kA ullekha thaa| yaha socakara ki yaha apanI sumati se kalyANa-sAdhana karegA tathA uttama sAdhu banegA, guru ne usakA nAma sumatisAdhu rkhaa| usane zIghra hI haimavyAkaraNa, tarka, upaniSad, siddhAnta, jyotiSa tathA sAhitya meM siddhahastatA prApta kara lii| zAstrArtha tathA. kAvyaracanA meM bhI usakI prazaMsanIya gati thii| smaraparAjaya nAmaka paMcama sarga meM kAma tathA saMyamadhana sAdhu ke pratIkAtmaka yuddha tathA kAma ke vadha kA atIva rocaka varNana hai / chaThe sarga ke pUrvArdha meM pUrvAcAryoM kI paTTa-paramparA kA varNana hai| uttarArdha meM IDara ke zAsaka bhAnu ke anurodha se guru lakSmIsAgara sumatisAdhu ko sUripada para abhiSikta karate haiN| antima do sarga saMghapati jAvar3a kA itihAsa prastuta karate haiM / ina sargoM meM usake sAmAjika gaurava tathA dharmaniSThA kA sUkSma varNana hai| uparyukta vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki kAvya meM sumatisAdhu ke jIvana kI katipaya ghaTanAoM kA hI digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| kAvya ke lupta bhAga meM bhI unake viSaya meM adhika jAnakArI nahIM rahI hogii| kavi adhikatara viSayAntaroM meM ulajhA rahA hai| antima do sarga to pUrNata: jAvar3a kI dhArmika gatividhiyoM kA nirUpaNa karate haiM, yadyapi unake pIche bhI AcArya kI satpreraNA nihita hai| anya sargoM meM bhI deza, nagara, candrodaya, prabhAta, yuddha Adi ke prAsaMgika-aprAsaMgika varNanoM kI bharamAra hai| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki sumatisambhava kAvyanAyaka kI apekSA jAvar3a ke itihAsa kA srota hai| rasayojanA sumatisambhava meM yadyapi jainAcArya kA vRtta kAvya kA AkarSaka paridhAna pahana kara AyA hai, kintu usameM manobhAvoM ke vizleSaNa athavA nirUpaNa ke liye sthAna nahIM hai| isIliye isameM kisI bhI rasa kA yatheSTa pallavana nahIM ho sakA hai / mahAkAvyocita tIvra rasavyaMjanA kI AkAMkSA karanA to yahA~ nirarthaka hogaa| kAvya kI mUla prakRti tathA isa koTi ke anya jaina kAvyoM kI paramparA ke anusAra isameM zAntarasa kA prAdhAnya apekSita thA kintu kavi ne usakA smaraNa mAtra karake santoSa kara liyA hai-raso'tha zAntaH (4.42) / kAvya meM isakI kSINa AbhA bhI dikhAI nahIM detii| rasArdratA kA yaha abhAva sumatisambhava kI garimA ko Ahata karatA paMcama sarga meM, ratipati kAma tathA sumatisAdhu ke pratIkAtmaka yuddha meM vIrarasa kA pallavana mAnA jA sakatA hai, yadyapi isa yuddha kI pariNati vairazodhana meM nahIM apitu nirveda meM hotI hai / isakA kAraNa vItarAga sAdhu kI jitendriyatA hai / phira bhI yahA~ sAmAnyata: vIra rasa kA udreka mAnane meM hicaka nahIM honI cAhie / kavi ne isa saMgharSa ko TheTha saMgrAma kA rUpa dene kI ceSTA kI hai / vizvavijetA kAma saMyamI sAdhu ko

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sumatisambhava : sarvavijayagaNi apane sarvabhakSI aMkuza se mukta jAnakara tatkAla samrAT kI bhA~ti usake viruddha prayANa karatA hai ! dUta droha ke dvArA pratipakSI ko saceta karake vaha yuddha ke dharma kA pAlana karatA hai / dUta kI amaryAdita uktiyoM kA uttara saMyamadhana yati 'brahmAstra' se kAma kA prANAnta karake detA hai ! tatrAnayoH prabalayorbalayoH prayogavRtte raNaH pravavRte prlyopmeyH| yatrotpatatpatadanekapakumbhakUTabhUmItaTaM sphuTaditi pratibhAsu bhAti // 5.43 kecid bhaTA ghanaghaTA iva tiivrtejovidyulltaavlyitaasttjitorjaaH| tatronnateniMgamayanti zarAvalIbhivRSTi dviSakaTakayabhaTakaNThasImni // 5.44 sainyadvaye'pi bahudhA bahudhAvadazca skrodhyodhydudiiritpaaNshupuuraiH| AcchAdite dinakare na kareNavo'pi dRggocaraM caracareti caranti kiM nu // 5.47 evaMvidhe yudhi virodhizirodhihAro mAro'pi sannavadhireSa dhanurdhareSu / brahmAyudhAdavadhi yena tataH prasiddhastenaiva sa tribhuvane smarasUdaneti // 5.46 kAvya meM eka-do sthaloM para zRMgAra ke Alambana pakSa kA bhI citraNa huA hai| kumAra ko dekhane ko utsuka purasundariyoM ke citraNa tathA kAma ke prayANa ke prasaMga meM zRMgAra kA yaha pakSa dRSTigata hotA hai| parA kaTinyastakarA sarAgamAlokayantI svakaTAkSalakSyam / cakre pracakre kimu kAma-nAma-guroH puro dhanvakalAvilAsam // 4.26 kAvyanAyaka tathA jAvar3a ke itivRtta ora viSayAntaroM meM kavi itanA lIna hai ki kAvya ke marma, rasa kI aura usakA dhyAna nahIM gayA hai| dvitIya sarga ke lupta aMza meM kumAra ke zaizava ke citraNa ke antargata vAtsalyarasa kI abhivyakti huI hogI, isa zreNI ke anya kAvyoM ke zilpa ko dekhate hue yaha kalpanA karanA kaThina nahIM hai| prakRticitraNa sumatisambhava ke aitihAsika itivRtta meM prAkRtika dRzyoM tathA upakaraNoM kA tatparatA se citraNa kiyA gayA hai| yaha, eka ora, kAvyazailI ke prati kavi kI pratibaddhatA kA pratIka hai, jisake antargata mahAkAvya meM rocakatA tathA vaividhya ke liye prakRti-citraNa ko anivArya mAnA gayA hai, dUsarI ora, usake prakRti-prema ko vyakta karatI hai / kAvya ke ATha meM se cAra sargoM meM, kisI na kisI prakAra prakRtivarNana kA prasaMga hai| prathama sarga meM parvatamAlA, tRtIya meM sandhyA, caturtha meM candrodaya tathA sUryodaya aura pA~caveM sarga meM vasanta kA hRdayagrAhI kavitvapUrNa varNana hai / sarva vijaya kA prakRtivarNana paramparAgata rUDha koTi kA hai / isa dRSTi se usameM navInatA kA abhAva hai / sarvavijaya ne zailI kI navInatA kI kamI ko apanI kAvya-pratibhA se

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342 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya pUrA karane kA prayAsa kiyA haiM / vividha alaMkAroM tathA kalpanAoM ke dvArA prakRti kA saMzliSTa citra aMkita karane meM vaha siddhahasta hai| prakRti kA alaMkRta citraNa usa yuga kI baddhamUla pravRtti thI jisakI upekSA karanA pratibhAzA tI kaviyoM ke liye bhI sambhava nahIM thaa| sarvavijaya ke prakRti-citraNa kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha prauDhoktimaya hotA huA bhI usakI kalpanAzIlatA ke kAraNa barAbara rocakatA se paripUrNa mevAr3a kI parvatamAlA, candrodaya Adi ke citraNa meM prauDhAkti kI ora kavi kA Agraha rahA hai / parvata kI guphAoM meM sthita kinnariyoM ke gAna kI madhura tAna para mugdha hokara candramA kA mRga Atmavibhora ho jAtA hai jisase candramA ko calane meM vilamba ho jAtA hai / mevAr3a kI parvata-zRMkhalA para rAta bhara ca dalI chAI rahane kA kAraNa sarvavijaya ne DhUMDha liyA hai| parvatoM ke sphaTika-pASANoM kI kiraNoM se candramaNDala ke AcchAdita ho jAne ke kAraNa rAhu use nahIM pahacAna sktaa| usake bhaya se mukta hokara candramA vahA~ Ananda manAtA rahatA hai, yadyapi parvata-vAsinI vidyAdhariyoM ke mukha ke saundarya se parAjita hokara use lajjita honA par3atA hai| sUrya kI kiraNeM prAta:kAla parvatoM ke adhobhAga para kyoM par3atI haiM? kavi kI kalpanA hai ki unakI gaganacumbI coTiyoM meM apane ghor3oM ke aTakane kI AzaMkA se sUrya apane karoM (kiraNoMhAthoM) se unakA caraNasparza karake unheM vighnamukta karane ke liye manAtA hai ! guphAoM meM sthita so, talahaTiyoM meM dhyAnamagna yogiyoM tathA adhityakA para vartamAna devatAoM ke kAraNa vaha parvatamAlA tInoM lokoM kA sAmUhika pratinidhitva karatI hai / yadguhAgahanagarbhasaMcaranirIkalitakAkalIravaiH / vyagrite sati mRge nijAMkage zaMkitaH kila vilambito vidhaH // 1.36 sphATikAzmakiraNa karambito rAhuNA duravavodhabimbabhRt / vyantarIvadanalajjito'pyasau yatra tu tuSyati tuSAradIdhitiH // 1.40 yasya sAnucayavRddhimuccakai vinoM natu vibhAvya bhaavinH| vAjinAmanujuzaMkayA karaspRSTapAda iva sAMtvane'bhavat // 1.43 bhogibhistlguhaabhiryogibhirmekhlaavly...."libhirnraiH| nirjarairuparibhUmigatvaraiH yastrilokaviSayo vilokyate // 1.48 candrodaya kA kavitvapUrNa varNana bhI bahudhA prauDhokti para AdhArita hai / candramA ke udita hone se sUrya kyoM chipa jAtA hai ? kavi ne prajApati dakSa tathA unake jAmAtA (zaMkara) dvArA yajJadhvaMsa ke paurANika rUpaka se isakA e pTIkaraNa kiyA hai| sUrya dakSa hai, candramA usakA jAmAtA / sUrya (dakSa) apane jAmAnA (candamA) kA mRga dekhakara, dhvaMsa se bacane ke liye, bhAga jAtA hai / kavi ko sUrya ke asta hone kA nizcita kAraNa mila gayA hai! udhara use vizvAsa hai ki oSadhani candrabhA nityaprati

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sumatisambhava : sarvavijayagaNi 343 fear divya auSadhi kA sevana karatA hai / isIliye yadyapi cakora usakA satata pAna karate rahate haiM tathApi usakA kSaya nahIM hotA / pravrAjayiSyanniva dakSamukhyaM taM dakSajAyA dayito hitaiSI / adarzayattasya na kRSNasAraM carantamantastRNavattamAMsi // 4.2 divyoSadha kAmapi sauSadhInAmadhIzvaraH kiM bibharAMcakAra / , na cakorakai ryannijanetra patrapepIyamAno'pi na yAti hAnim // 4.7 alaMkRta citraNa ke AvaraNa ke nIce sumatisambhava meM yadA-kadA prakRti ke AlambanapakSa kA citraNa bhI dikhAI detA hai / kevala caturtha sarga meM, sUryodaya ke varNana meM, yaha pravRtti milatI hai / kavi ne yadyapi yahA~ bhI alaMkAroM kA sahArA liyA hai kintu ise prakRti kA svAbhAvika citraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai / pUrvAcalocca staracUlikAyAM vyabhAdvibhAnAM nilayaH sa bhAnuH / posphUryate vAsarasindhurasya sidUrapUra: zirasIva dIvyan // 4.13 nirvAsyartAvarahAnalogrAM ghUmAgradhArAmiva nissarantIm / sevAlamAlAM kalayan kilAsye samAjagAmAMganayA rathAMgaH // 4.15 sarva vijaya ne prakRti ko mAnavI rUpa bhI diyA hai / sumatisambhava kI prakRti kaI sthAnoM mAnava kI taraha vividha bhAvanAoM tathA ceSTAoM se spandita hai / vAlmIki se Arambha hokara prakRti kA mAnavIkaraNa kAlAntara meM eka rUDhi bana gayA jisakA pAlana karate hue uttaravartI kaviyoM ne ise kAvya-paramparA kA rUpa de diyA hai / sumatisambhava meM kAma ke dUta vasanta ke prayANa ke samaya latAe~, paurAMganAoM kI bhA~ti, puSpoM ke akSata barasA kara tathA bhramara-guMjana ke mAMgalika gIta gAkara usakA abhinandana karatI haiM / vanadeviyA~ campaka ke dIpoM se usakI AratI utAratI haiM / vanapaMkti kisalaya rUpI hAtha hilA kara naTI ke samAna, usake sAmane nRtya karatI hai / isa apUrva svAgata se garvita huA vasanta AmramaJjarI ke bANa kA saMdhAna karake yuddha ke liye taiyAra ho jAtA hai / 1 anuvanabhavanaM tAH kila latAH paurakAntA: patadasamasumaizcAvAkirannakSatastam / bhramaraviravarNastadgAnamAnandadAtyA vidadhAti daladIvyannIlacelAvRtAzca // nirupamatamasaMpaccampakairdopakaiH kiM viralataravisarpatSaTpadastomadhUmaiH / jvalati pathikacittaH kiMzukodyatkRzAnau tamanu ca vanadevyo maMju nIrAjayanti // pratipadamanilenAMdotyamAnA vanAlI prakaTayati naTIvannATakaM purastAt / kizalakaratalAnaM cAlayantI samaMtAt samasamayasamudyadbhU gavArAMgahAre // iti navanavana senAsaMga maMjIta raMgaH parabhRtazata bandistUyamAno'bhimAnI / madhurayamarudhattaM yoddhumuddhUtacUtAMkuranikaramatulyaM zalyamullAlayaMzca / / 5.28-31 cANDAla ke samparka se apavitra huA vyakti jisa prakAra apavitratA ko dUra

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya karane ke liye turanta snAna karatA hai, vaise hI dizAoM ke mAtaMgoM (hAthiyoMcANDAloM) ko apane hAtha se chUne vAle sUrya ke samparka se tAre apavitra ho gaye haiN| usa pApa ko dhone ke lie ve amRtasAgara (sudhAMzu) meM snAna kara rahe haiN| diktuMgamAtaMgalagatkarAt....."mAlinyamupAji sUryAt / tarApaghastavyayanAya nAyaM sAyaM mudhA snAnamadhatsudhAMzau // 4.3 saundarya-varNana sarvavijaya kI saundaryAnveSI dRSTi mAnava ke nazvara zArIrika saundarya se vimukha nahIM hai| kumArasambhava ke prathama sarga ke pArvatI ke lAvaNya ke hRdayahArI varNana ne paravartI kaviyoM ke hAtha meM par3a kara eka rUDhi kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA hai / uttaravartI kaviyoM ke saundarya-citraNa meM alaMkRti tathA vicchitti kI pravRtti adhika hai| kAlidAsa kI mArmikatA tathA tAz2agI kA usameM abhAva hai / sarvavijaya ne bhI apane kAvya meM mAnava-saundarya kA citraNa karake isa rUDhi kA pAlana kiyA hai / sumatisambhava meM nArI-saundarya kA citraNa zreSThI sudarzana kI rUpasI patnI saMpUradevI ke varNana meM dRSTigata hotA hai| durbhAgyavaza sambandhita sarga isa varNana ke bIca hI samApta ho gayA hai / prApta aMza se spaSTa hai ki kavi ko nakhazikhavidhi se ibhyapatnI ke vibhinna avayavoM kA varNana karanA abhISTa thaa| saMpUradevI ke saundarya kI vyaMjanA karane ke liye kavi ne yadyapi bahudhA paramparAgata upamAna grahaNa kiye haiM kitu usakA saundaryacitraNa sajIvatA se rahita nahIM hai| . saMpUradevI kI veNI apratihata yoddhA kAma kI talavAra hai, jisakI tIkSNatA tInoM lokoM ko jItane se aura bar3ha gayI hai| usake mAthe para tilaka, sainyabhUmi meM bhAgya-turaMga ke pagacihna ke samAna pratIta hotA hai / usakI bhauMha ko dekhakara garvIlA kAma apane dhanuSa para DorI nahIM cddh'aataa| dantAvalI meM mAno lakSmI kA mANikyakoSa chipA ho / aura kaTAkSAvalI vizvavijetA puSpAyudha ke svAgatArtha bAMdhI gayI mAMgalika bandanavAra-sI pratIta hotI hai / yaveNidambhAtkimayaM kRpANaH spraannpusspaayudhyodhpaannH| jagattrayanirjayanAttatejAH sUktaM (?) dvidhArAjitakezavezaH // 2.36 vibhAti yadbhAlatalachalAyAM khalUrakAyAM tilakAlika TAt / parisphuradbhAgyaturaMgamasya padAlireSA khuralIkRtaH kimu // 2.37 nAko jitaH so'pi mayA pinAkI sajjaM dhanuH kiM nu mudhA dadhAmi / itIva yadbhanibhataH smaro'straM garvI sa maurvorahitaM vitene // 2.38 dantAvalI dADimabIjadIptirdedIpti nityA vadane ydiiyaa| mANikyakozaH kimagopi ko'pi padma nije sadmani padmayeha / / 2.40

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-sumatisambhava : sarvavijayagaNi kaTAkSalakSAM kSaNamAyatAkSI cikSepa lakSyaM prati yA valakSAm / mene sumeSustrijagajjigISustAM mInamAlAmiva maMgalArtham // 2.41 kumAra kA saundarya-varNana puruSa-saundarya kA pratinidhitva karatA hai / yahA~ bhI kavi ne paramparAgata nakhazikha-praNAlI ko saundarya-citraNa kA mAdhyama banAyA hai, kiMtu isameM vyatireka, utprekSA Adi alaMkAroM kA prayoga adhika tatparatA se kiyA gayA hai| isa vidhi se nirUpita kumAra ke saundarya ke sammukha kAma kA lAvaNya bhI manda par3a jAtA hai| kimadhikaM bahubhiH kila jalpitastadupamA svapararapi klpitH| sa bhuvi tAdRgabhUtsuSamAdhibhUryadaNutAM vRNutAM kamana: sa naH // 3.44 caritracitraNa sumatisambhava kI kathAvastu meM kevala tIna ullekhanIya pAtra haiM, kintu unake caritra kA bhI yatheSTa vikAsa nahIM ho sakA hai, yaha bahuta kheda kI bAta hai / kAvyanAyaka sumatisAdhu dhanakubera parivAra meM janma lekara tathA sukha-vaibhava meM palakara bhI sAMsArika bandhanoM se mukta haiM / mAtA-pitA ke vivAha-sambandhI prastAva ko ThukarA kara ve cAritryalakSmI kA varaNa karate haiN| unakA jIvana saMyama, sAdhanA tathA tyAga kA kaThora jIvana hai / ve nirantara dharmoddhAra meM tatpara haiN| padapratiSThA, pratimAsthApanA Adi unake dhArmika kRtya Aheta mata ke unnAyaka haiN| ____ mANDU kA dhanI vyApArI jAvar3a sumatisAdhu kA zraddhAlu bhakta hai / vaha AbU tathA jIrapallI kI saMghayAtrA karake saMghapati kI gauravazAlI upAdhi prApta karatA hai| guru kI preraNA se vaha zrAvaka ke dvAdaza vrata grahaNa karatA hai, mUrti-pratiSThA karavAtA hai tathA udAratApUrvaka dAna dekara puNyArjana karatA hai / usakA samUcA jIvana guru ke buddhipUrNa mArgadarzana se paricAlita hai| gajarAja jyAyapura kA yazasvI zAsaka hai| usakA yaza svagaMgA ke taTa taka phailA huA hai / vaha dhanADhaya ibhya hai / usakI dhana-sampadA asIma hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki lakSmI apane kaSTapUrNa AvAsa (sAgara) ko chor3akara usake ghara meM raha rahI ho ! gajarAja ke lie dhana kI sArthakatA dAna meM hai / usake tyAga ke kSIrasAgara meM na vADavAgni hai, na kAlakUTa / vaha jaina dharma ke uddhAra ke prati itanA jAgarUka hai ki usakI tulanA samprati Adi prAcIna prabhAvakoM se kI gaI hai| bhASA (a) sumatisambhava kI kathAvastu kI prakRti aisI hai ki usameM vividha manaHsthitiyoM ke citraNa kA adhika avakAza nahIM hai| isIlie isakI bhASA meM mahAkAvyocita vaividhya nahIM hai / kAvya meM prAyaH sarvatra prasAdaguNasampanna prAMjala bhASA kA

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346 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya prayoga huA hai / bhASA meM bhAvAnukUla parivartana kavi ke bhASAdhikAra kA dyotaka hai / prakRti-varNana, saundaryacitraNa Adi prasaMgoM meM kavi ke bhASA kauzala kA digdarzana kiyA gayA hai / sarvavijaya ne bhASA ke prayoga meM paramparA ko yathAvat grahaNa kiyA hai / kAvya meM sarvatra prasAda kI antardhArA pravAhita hai / prasAdaguNa para AdhArita vaidarbhI rIti meM mAdhurya vyaMjaka vargoM tathA samAsarahita athavA alpasamAsayukta padAvalI ke prayoga kA vidhAna hai / vasanta, zRGgAra, paura yuvatiyoM ke sambhrama-citraNa Adi prasaMgoM meM sarala,mRdula, anuprAsamaya tathA alpasamAsayukta bhASA se vaidarbhI ke prati kavi pakSapAta spaSTa hai / kAma kA dUta vasanta malayamAruta ke madamasta hAthI para baiTha kara, samrAT kI taraha, pUre ThATabATa se sumatisAdhu ko vicalita karane ke lie prasthAna karatA hai / sakila malayavAtaM matamAtaMganAthaM prakaTaparimalodyadbhRMgamAlAsanAtham / tamadhi samadhiruhya prAcalatkokilAlikvaNitanibhRtabherIbhAMkRtipUritAbhraH // calati sabalamasmin vismitA nekaloke bhayamayahRdayA: ke ke na celustrilokyAm / taruvanaghanakaMprezcopapannAH kulena pratikulamacalAste prAk calantIti zaMke || taruriha sahakAraH kokilakikiNIbhiH saha vahati vinIlachatratAmasya maulau / pratidizamuDupAlIpAMDarA puNDarIkAvaliralabhata caMcaccAmaratvaM ca tasya / / 5.16.18 bhAvAnukUla bhASA kI dRSTi se kumAra ko dekhane ko lAlAyita paura nAriyoM kI adhIratA kA citraNa ullekhanIya hai / yadyapi sarvavijaya ne ise kevala kavisamaya ke rUpa meM, kAvya meM, sthAna diyA hai aura yaha pUrvavartI kaviyoM ke varNanoM se anuprANita tathA prabhAvita hai tathApi kavi ne jisa padAvalI ke dvArA use citrita kiyA hai, vaha pura-sundariyoM kI utsukatA, sambhrama tathA adhIratA ko vyakta karane meM pUrNatayA sakSama hai / uccArya cATUni ciraM vacAMsi momocayet kutracanAvakAzam / kAcinmRgAkSI svasakhIjanena gavAkSagA maMkSu nirIkSaNAya / / 4.25 kAcicca kAntA nijanetramekaM zalAkayA sAMjanamAracayya / anaMjanenAparalocanena vilokanArthaM kutukAdacAlIt // 4.27 garvIle kAma tathA vItarAga sumatisAdhu ke pratIkAtmaka yuddha ke varNana kI bhASA ko sAmAnyata: ojapUrNa kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu, vAstava meM, vaha bhI prasAda se otaprota hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki yaha rAjyalolupa rAjAoM kA yuddha nahIM hai, na isakI pariNati narasaMhAra meM huI hai / (A) pANDitya - pradarzana : citrakAvya lalita tathA subodha bhASA sarvavijaya kI suruci kI paricAyaka hai / kintu vaha citrakAvya - zailI ke AkarSaNa se pUrNataH nahIM baca sakA hai / bhAravi se prArambha hokara

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sumatisambhava : sarvavijayagaNi 347 zAbdI-krIr3A uttaravartI mahAkAvyoM meM eka rUr3hi ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho gyii| jaina kavi bhI ina bhASAtmaka kalAbAjiyoM meM pIche nahIM rahe haiM / sumatisambhava ke chaThe saMrga meM, paTraparamparA ke varNana meM, kavi ne bhASA ke utpIDana ke dvArA apanA racanAkauzala pradarzita kiyA hai / isa sarga meM usane kucha aise padyoM kI racanA kI hai, jinameM kevala eka, do athavA avargIya varNoM kA hI prayoga huA hai / yaha bhASAyI jAdUgarI kAvya meM camatkAra to utpanna karatI hai kintu isase kAvya kI bodhagamyatA meM anAvazyaka bAdhA AtI hai| TIkA ke binA isa citrakAvya ke marma ko samajhanA praur3ha paNDitoM ke lie bhI sambhava nhiiN| sumatisambhava meM aise padyoM kI saMkhyA adhika nahIM, yaha santoSa kI bAta hai| katipaya padya yahA~ uddhRta kie jAte haiM, jinase sarvavijaya ke bhASAdhikAra kA AbhAsa mila skegaa| ratnazekhara ke paTTadhara guru lakSmIsAgara ke varNana-prasaMga ke nimnokta padya meM mukhyataH kevala eka vyaMjana 't' prayukta kiyA gayA hai / tAtaMtaM tatatAtA'ti tato nu te tatAMtatam / ataMti te taM tAMtau taM tomutaM nUtatetitA // 6.27 / prastuta padya kI racanA kevala do vyaMjanoM-d tathA r ke AdhAra para huI hai / isameM devasundara sUri kA varNana kiyA hai| kAvya meM isa koTi ke tIna anya padya upalabdha haiN| iMdidaro'darodArAdara daareNdirodre| adAdadAredo dAre durodarAdirodare // 6.16 lakSkSIsAgarasUri ke carita ke sandarbha meM sabase adhika citrakAvyAtmaka padyoM kI racanA kI gayI hai| uparyukta padyoM ke atirikta, yaha padya sparza vyaMjanoM se pUrNatayA rahita hai| lIlAvalayavallAsyavilAsI laavshaashye| zazAle yasya zAlo'sAvilazailo rasAlayaH / 6.31 nimnokta padya meM dannya vyaMjanoM ke atirikta anya kisI vyaMjana kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| anAdadAno niMdAnaM nidAnaM dAnanodane / aneno naMdano'dIno nadInaninadedavaH // 6.46 alaMkAravidhAna kintu vidvattA kA pradarzana karanA kavi ko abhISTa nahIM hai| usakA pramukha uddezya jainAcArya ke gauravagAna ke dvArA dharma kI prabhAvanA karanA hai / isIlie sumatisambhava alaMkRti ke bhAra se AkrAnta nahIM hai| kAvya meM bahuta kama alaMkAroM kA prayoga huA hai / jahA~ ve sahaja bhAva se Ae haiM, vahA~ bhAvAbhivyakti ko spaSTatA milI

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya hai| anuprAsa tathA zleSa kavi ke priya alaMkAra haiN| kAvya ke adhikatara bhAga meM ye donoM alaMkAra svataMtra athavA anya alaMkAroM ke avayavoM ke rUpa meM vidyamAna haiM / pravrajyA grahaNa karane ke lie guru se prArthanA karate hue kumAra ke varNana meM anuprAsa kI madhuratA hai| ityAdhudantaM samudaM vadantametaM sametaM svjnrnekaiH| vimAyavAcApi sa nizcikAyAcirAya cAritradhurAdhurINam // 4.35 sumatisambhava meM yadyapi zleSa ko paryApta sthAna milA hai kintu usakA svataMtra prayoga kevala citrakUTa ke varNana meM huA hai / prastuta padya meM yauvana evaM bhavana tathA nUpura evaM pura kA zliSTa nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| yauvanAni bhavanAni yatprajAH zobhayanti paramattavAraNaH / nUpurANi ca purANi cakrire sarvadAracitamohanAnyaho // 1.21 paura lalanAoM ke sambhrama ke citraNa meM eka yuvatI, kulIna hotI huI bhI paNyAMganA kA-sA vyavahAra kara rahI hai / usake AcaraNa meM virodhAbhAsa hai / yoSA mukhAntargatanAgavallIdalA clkunnddlkrnndolaa| kAcitkulInApi kutUhalena paNyAMganAraMgamaraM raraMga // 4.30 isa prasaMga meM kucha sundara svabhAvoktiyA~ bhI dRSTigata hotI hai / koI strI paira para mahAvara lagA rahI thii| tabhI use kumAra ke Agamana kI sUcanA milI / vaha mahAvara bIca meM chor3akara gavAkSa kI ora dor3a gyii| gIle yAvaka se gavAkSa taka usake pagacihnoM kI katAra bana gyii| anyA ca dhanyA padayoH pradAya tadAyataM yAvakamAbhAvAt / tadvIkSaNAkSiptatayA''gavAkSAdabhUSayad bhUtalamaMghripAtaH // 4.28 nimnalikhita padya meM zreSThI gajarAja ke yaza ko AkAzagaMgA ke taTa para krIr3A karate hue citrita kiyA gayA hai / ataH yahA~ atizayokti hai / yadIyadIvyayazasAM kalApaH svrvaapikaasktkelilolH| ravaiH kimarAvaNamiT karoti dAnAya vidvanmadhupAnudAsyAn // 2.28 inake atirikta sumatisambhava meM utprekSA, mAlopamA, arthAntaranyAsa, dRSTAMta, yamaka, yathAsaMkhya, sandeha Adi ko abhivyakti kA mAdhyama banAyA hai| kucha alaMkAroM kA saMkara bhI huA hai| chandayojanA sumatisambhava meM chandoM kA vidhAna zAstra kA anugAmI hai| kula milAkara kAvya meM 22 chanda prayukta kiye gaye haiN| inameM upajAti kI pradhAnatA hai| prathama sarga kA mukhya chanda rathoddhatA hai| prArambha ke do tathA antima do padya kramazaH zArdUlavikrIDita, pRthvI, puSpitAgrA tathA AryA meM haiM / dvitIya sarga kA upalabdha

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sumatisambhava : sarvavijayagaNi 346 sArA bhAga upajAti meM likhA gayA hai| tRtIya sarga ke prApta aMza meM drutavilambita kI pradhAnatA hai / anta meM upajAti, puSpitAgrA, aupacchandasika, mandAkrAntA tathA AryA chanda prayukta hue haiM / caturtha sarga kI racanA upajAti meM huI hai / santi ke padya zArdUlavikrIDita tathA AryA meM haiN| pAMcaveM, chaThe tathA sAtaveM sarga meM kramazaH mAlinI, anuSTapa tathA viyoginI ko racanA kA AdhAra banAyA gayA hai| chaThe sarga kA prathama padya gIti meM hai / sargAnta meM rAmagirI rAga, anuSTup tathA AryA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / saptama sarga ke antima tIna padya kramazaH drutavilambita, zArdUlavikrIDita tathA AryA meM nibaddha haiN| aSTama sarga ke prApta bhAga meM jo chanda prayukta hue haiM, ve isa prakAra haiM - drutavilambita, upajAti, indravajrA, upendravajrA, vasantatilakA, sragviNI, bhujaMgaprayAta, rathoddhatA, vaMzastha, indravaMzA, mAlinI, pRthvI tathA AryA / isa sarga meM do padya isa prakAra khaNDita haiM ki unakA chanda jJAta karanA kaThina hai| sumatisambhava meM aitihAsika vRtta pahile kahA gayA hai ki sumatisambhava saMghapati jAvar3a ke itihAsa kA prAmANika srota hai / sarvavijayagaNi jAvar3a aura usake parivAra kA vizvasanIya itihAsakAra hai / kAvya me usane saMghapati ke vaMza, sAmAjika pratiSThA tathA dhArmika gatividhiyoM kA yathAtathya citra aMkita kiyA hai / sumatisambhava ke lekhaka ne apanA vivaraNa jAvar3a ke pitAmaha golha se prArambha kiyA hai / jAvar3a kA pitA rAjamalla lakSmI kA sAkSAt koza thA / kavi ke anya kAvya Anandasundara meM jAvar3a ke parivAra kI pUrI vaMzAvalI dI gayI hai| usakI yahA~ AvRtti karanA kavi ne Avazyaka nahIM smjhaa| sumatisambhava jAvar3a ke pUrvajoM kI sAmAjika tathA rAjanItika upalabdhiyoM ke viSaya meM mauna hai, kintu anya srotoM se jJAta hotA hai ki hAparAja ko chor3akara usake sabhI pUrvaja saMghapati the| jAvar3a ke tIna pUrvaja to mAlava ke zAsakoM ke darabAra meM pratiSThita padoM para AsIna the / inhI srotoM se patA calatA hai ki jAvar3a ko bhI rAjadarabAra meM sammAnita pada prApta thaa| sultAna gyAsuddIna ne use 'uttama vyavahArI' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita tathA koSAdhyakSa niyukta kiyA thA / sumatisambhava meM usake lie prayukta 'laghuzAlibhadra' biruda usakI asIma samRddhi ko vyakta karatA hai| jAvar3a ne, vizAla saMgha ke sAtha, AbU tathA jIrapallI kI yAtrA kI thii| 6. nidhAnavacchyiAm / sumatisambhava, 7.16 7. Anandasundara, pR0 7,6,11 8. vyavahAriziroratnAnukAri tathA gaMjAdhikArI / Anandasundara kI puSpikA 6. sumatisambhava, 7.21

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3.50 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya sumatisambhava ke anusAra isa saMgha-yAtrA para usane ananta dhana vyaya kiyA thaa| isa yAtrA ke phalasvarUpa hI use saMghanAyaka kI gauravasUcaka upAdhi prApta huI thii| seTha jAvar3a ne koI aura tIrthayAtrA kI thI athavA nahIM, yaha usake itihAsa ke kisI AdhAragraMtha se jJAta nahIM hotaa| __ apane pitA kI bhA~ti jAvar3a ne bhI apane guru, sumatisAdhusUri ko gujarAta se mANDU meM nimantrita kiyA tathA eka bhavya Ayojana ke dvArA unakA abhinaMdana kiyA thaa| isa avasara para kisa prakAra saje hue hAthiyoM tathA dhor3oM kA jalUsa nikAlA gayA, kisa prakAra vAdakoM ne vividha vAdya bajA kara guru kA svAgata kiyA, kisa prakAra samAja ke sabhI varga-hindU, musalamAna Adi-unake Agamana se harSita hue tathA seTha ne kisa udAratA se yAcakoM meM bahumUlya paridhAna tathA anya bezakImatI vastue~ vitarita kIM, isakA rocaka varNana sumatisambhava meM vistArapUrvaka kiyA gayA hai / guru ke sAnnidhya tathA dezanA se jAvar3a ko sarvaprathama jo kArya karane kI preraNA milI, vaha thA zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM kA grahaNa karanA / inameM se prathama pAMca 'aNuvrata' ke nAma se khyAta haiM / 'guNavata' nAmaka dvitIya vrata-samudAya ke antargata chaThA, sAtavA~ tathA AThavA~ vrata AtA hai| antima cAra vrata 'zikSAvrata' kahalAte haiN| jAvar3a ne ina sabhI vratoM kA niSThApUrvaka pAlana kiyaa| kintu kucha vratoM kA pAlana karane kI usakI vidhi bahuta vicitra thii| udAharaNArtha caturtha vrata, brahmacarya ke aMtargata usane dAmpatya niSThA ko nibhAte hue battIsa striyA~ rakhane kA apanA adhikAra surakSita rakhA / nissandeha yaha usane pUrvokta zAlibhadra ke anukaraNa para kiyaa| jAvar3a kI vastutaH cAra dharmapatniyA~ thiiN| prAcIna rAjapUtI paramparA ke anurUpa, jo kucha pIDhiyoM pUrva taka rAjapUta-mUlaka jaina parivAroM meM bhI pracalita thIM, anya striyA~ usakI rakhaileM rahI hoNgii| aparigraha nAmaka paMcama vrata se, jisake anusAra nijI sampatti ko sImita karanA hotA hai, jAvar3a ne nimnokta krama meM, ina vastuoM ko apane adhikAra meM rakhA100,000 mana anAja, 100,000 mana tela tathA ghI, 1000 hala, 2000 baila, 10 bhavana tathA maNDiyA~, 4 mana cA~dI, 1 mana sonA, 4 mana motI, 300 mana maNiyA~, 10 mana sAdhAraNa dhAtue~ (tAMbA, pItala Adi), 20 mana pravAla, 100,000 mana gur3a, 200 mana aphIma, 2000 gadhe, 100 gAr3iyA~, 1500 ghor3e, 10. vahI, 7.24 11. vahI, 7.66 12. vahI, 7.26-33 13. vahI, 7.36 14. Anandasundara, pR0 17

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sumitasambhava : sarvavijayagaNi 351 50 hAthI, 100 U~Ta, 50 khaccara, 2,000,000 ttNk| ina aMkoM se prAcIna mANDU ke 'vyavahAriziroratna' kI samRddhi kA andAz2a kiyA jA sakatA hai / sAtaveM vrata ke anusAra, jo dainika khapata tathA prayoga kI vastuoM kI saMkhyA aura parimANa ko sImita karatA hai, usane pratidina adhikAdhika ina vastuoM kA prayoga karane kA praNa kiyA-cAra sera ghI, pAMca sera anAja, peya jala ke pAMca sau ghar3e, sau prakAra kI sabjiyA~, saMkhyA meM pAMca sau tathA taula meM eka mana phala, cAra sera supArI, 200 pAna, eka lAkha mUlya ke AbhUSaNa, sau TaMka kImata ke prasAdhana, eka mana phUla, snAnIya jala ke ATha kalaza, paridhAna ke sAta jor3e tathA isI prakAra sImita anya vastue~, jinakI sUcI bahuta lambI hai| __apanI dharmaniSThA ke anurUpa jAvar3a ne samvat 1547 meM, mANDU meM jinapratimAoM kI pratiSThA kraaii| inakA abhiSeka usake guru, AcArya sumatisAdhu ne kiyA thaa| ve pratimAe~ saMkhyA meM 104 thIM-atIta ke 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI eka-eka, bhaviSya ke 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI eka-eka, vartamAna 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI eka-eka, 20 viharamANa tIrthaMkaroM kI eka-eka, ukta prati 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke tIna sAmUhika mUrtipaTTa, bIsa viharamANa tIrthaMkaroM kA eka sAmUhika mUrtipaTTa tathA 6 paMcatIthiyA~ / 23 sera kI eka cA~dI kI mUrti tathA 11 sera kI eka svarNa-pratimA ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI mUrtiyA~ pItala kI banI huI thiiN| unheM maNi-khacita chatroM tathA bahumUlya AbhUSaNoM se sajAyA gayA thaa| mUrti sthApanA ke upalakSya meM Ayojita utsavoM, jAvar3a dvArA diye gaye upahAroM tathA bhArata ke kone-kone se Ae hue saMghoM kA bhI sUkSma varNana kAvya meM kiyA gayA hai| isase mahebhya jAvar3a kI sampannatA, udAratA, saMyama, sAmAjika sammAna tathA dharmaparAyaNatA kI kalpanA sahaja hI kI jA sakatI hai| apanI parisImAoM meM sumatisambhava acchA kAvya hai| isa zreNI ke kAvyoM meM kisI vyApaka jIvana-darzana athavA udAtta kavitva kI AzA nahIM kI jA sktii| phira bhI, sarvavijaya sAhitya ko aisA kAvya dene meM samartha huA hai, jo kavitva kI dRSTi se upekSaNIya nahIM hai / jAvar3a ke itihAsa kI to yaha amUlya nidhi hai| 15. sumatisambhava 7.40-46 16. vahI, 7.46-57 17. vahI, 8.3-24 18. jAvar3a kA itihAsa prastuta karane meM hameM madhyapradeza itihAsa-pariSad' kI patrikA, aMka 4, 1962, pR0 131-144 meM prakAzita DaoN0 krAujhe ke uttama nibandha 'jAvar3a oNpha mANDU' se paryApta sahAyatA milI hai / isake lie hama unake AbhArI haiN|

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18. vijayaprazastimahAkAvya : hemavijayagaNi vartamAna rUpa meM vijayaprazastimahAkAvya' ikkIsa sargoM kI bRhatkAya kRti hai / isake Arambhika solaha sarga hI hemavijaya kI lekhanI se prasUta haiM, zeSa pAMca sarga unake sahapAThI ke ziSya guNavijayagaNi kI racanA hai / isa prakAra kAdambarI kI bhA~ti vijayaprazasti dvikartRka racanA hai / bhUSaNabhaTTa ne kAdambarI ke uttarArddha ke dvArA jahA~ apane pitA kA sAhityika tarpaNa kiyA hai, vahA~ vijayaprazasti kI pUrti karake guNavijaya ne pitRtulya guru kI AjJA kA pAlana kiyA hai / lekina pAMca sargoM kI candrazAlA usArane ke bAda bhI isa mahala kI apUrNatA meM vizeSa kamI nahIM AI hai / vijayaprazasti kA pratipAdya tapAgaccha ke prabhAvI AcArya vijayasenasUri kA kA sAdhujIvana hai para jisa rUpa meM use nirUpita kiyA gayA hai, usameM vaha hIra - vijaya ke vyaktitva ke prakhara prakAza ke sAmane manda par3a gayA hai / hIrasaubhAgya, devAnandAbhyudaya, digvijaya mahAkAvya Adi dharmAcAryoM ke jIvana para AdhArita caritAtmaka kAvyoM ke viparIta vijayaprazasti meM vijayasena kA vivaraNa kAvya-sajjA ke paripArzva meM prastuta nahIM kiyA gayA hai / kAvyamAdhurI kA parityAga karane para bhI vijayaprazasti kA caritapakSa samRddha nahIM bana sakA hai / vijayaprazasti kA mahAkAvyatva vijayaprazasti Alocya yuga ke una mahAkAvyoM meM hai, jinameM zAstrIya niyamoM kA pUrNatayA pAlana nahIM huA hai / mevAr3a tathA kAvyanAyaka kI janmabhUmi nAradapurI ke varNana se, kAvya ke prArambha meM, kavi ne sannagarIvarNana kI AvazyakatA kI pUrti kI hai, jo maMgalAcaraNa, sajjana- prazaMsA Adi ke sAtha kAvya kI zAstrAnukUlatA ko dyotita karatI hai / abhijAta vaizyavaMza meM utpanna vijayasena, zamavRtti kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa, kAvya ke dhIra - prazAnta nAyaka haiM / yadyapi vijayasena kA nAyakatva nirvivAda hai, kintu unake guru hIravijaya kA vyaktitva kAvya meM itanA tejasvI tathA garimApUrNa hai ki usakI upekSA karanA sambhava nahIM hai / ve nizcita 1. guNavijayagaNa kI vijayapradIpikA sahita yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA meM prakAzita, graMthAMka 23, vIrasamvat 2437 2. itastasya kavIndrasya daivAd divamupeyuSaH / pazcAd mayAtha vivRtaM tatkAvyaM guruzAsanAt // TIkAprazasti, 56

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vijayaprazastimahAkAvya : hemavijayagaNi 353 rUpa se nAyaka- pada ke adhikArI haiN| mahAkAvya meM ekAdhika nAyakoM ke astitva kI paramparA bahuta prAcIna hai| nisspRha dharmAcArya ke sarva tyAgI jIvana se otaprota kAvya meM zAnnarasa kI pradhAnatA svAbhAvika hai / raudra, vAtsalya, karuNa Adi rasoM kA bhI vijaya prazasti meM yathAsthAna citraNa huA hai, jo aMgI rasa se milakara kAvya meM rasavattA kI yatheSTa sRSTi karate haiN| vijayasena ke tapAgaccha ke mahAn prabhAvakoM meM pratiSThita hone ke kAraNa vijayaprazasti ke kathAnaka ko 'prakhyAta' mAnanA nyAyocita hai| isakI racanA kA mUlAdhAra dharma-prApti kA udAtta uddezya hai| kavi ke zabdoM meM 'dharma bhavasAgara kA pAna karane vAlA agastya hai" / dhana-vaibhava kI anityatA tathA nissAratA ko rekhAMkita karake samAja ko dharma meM pravRtta karanA kAvya kA lakSya hai| vijayaprazasti meM mahAkAvya ke anya tAttvika lakSaNoM kA nitAnta abhAva hai / itivRtta meM lAlitya tathA mAdhurya kA saMcAra karane vAle prakRti tathA vastuvyApAra ke rocaka varNanoM ke lie kAvya meM avakAza nahIM hai| caritra-vizleSaNa se bhI kavi pUrNatayA udAsIna hai| sArA kAvya pravrajyA-grahaNa, vihAra, pravezotsava Adi ke varNanoM se paripUrNa hai, jo kahIM-kahIM kavitvapUrNa hote hue bhI bahudhA nIrasa haiM / kintu vijayaprazasti ko sAmAnyataH mahAkAvya mAnane meM Apatti nahIM ho sktii| racanAkAla vijayaprazasti meM prAntaprazasti kA abhAva hai, ataH isakA nizcita racanAkAla jJAta nahIM hai / guNavijaya ne TIkAprazasti meM isakA kucha saMketa kiyA hai| TIkA-prazasti ke anusAra vijayaprazasti hemavijaya ke sAhityika prAsAda kA svarNakalaza hai / isakA sIdhA artha hai ki yaha kavi kI antima racanA hai, jo usakI mRtyu ke kAraNa adhUrI raha gayI thii| guNavijaya ne antima pAMca sarga jor3a kara ise pUrA karane kI ceSTA kI hai / usane isa para 'vijayapradIpikA' TIkA bhI likhI, jisakI pUrti svayaM usake kathanAnusAra, samvat 1688 meM huI thii| vijayaprazastikAvyaprakAzikA vijayadIpikA ttiikaa| vidadhe vikramanapatervarSe vasuvasunapapramite // 5 // hemavijaya kA pArzvanAthacarita sambat 1632 kI racanA hai| RSabhazataka kI pUrti saM0 1656 meM huii| kathAratnAkara samvat 1657 meM likhA gyaa| vijayaprazasti ke hemavijaya dvArA racita solaha sargoM meM samvat 1655 taka kI ghaTanAeM varNita haiN| pratIta hotA hai ki RSabhazataka, kathAratnAkara, vijayaprazasti Adi kaI 3. saMsAranIrAkarakumbhajanmA dharmastathAbhyAM bahumanyate sma / vijayaprazasti, 11.26 4. ityAdigranyavidhau saudhe kalazAdhiropaNasavarNam / vijayaprazastikAvyaM tena kRtaM vijysenguroH|| TIkAprazasti, 55

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354 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya granthoM kA praNayana eka sAtha cala rahA thaa| RSabhazataka tathA kathAratnAkara to pUre ho gaye, vijayaprazasti kavi ke nidhana ke kAraNa adhUrI raha gyii| ataH hemavijaya kA mUla kAvya nizcita rUpa se 1655 saM0 ke bAda kI racanA hai| satarahaveM sarga kA Arambha samvat 1656 meM vidyAvijaya ko paTTadhara pratiSThita karane ke prasaMga se hotA hai / antima pAMca sarga spaSTataH sambat 1656 ke pazcAt likhe gaye hoNge| samUce kAvya ko samvat 1655 tathA 1688 (TIkA kA racanA kAla) arthAt san 1598 tathA 1631 I0 kI madhyavartI racanA mAnanA yuktipUrNa hogaa| kathAnaka kAvya kA prArambha mevAr3a kI prasiddha nagarI nAradapurI (naDulAI) tathA vahA~ ke dhanavAn vyApArI kamA tathA usakI rUpasI patnI koDimadevI ke varNana se hotA hai| dvitIya sarga meM ukta dampatI ke putra kAvyanAyaka kA janma, zaizava tathA vidyAdhyayana vaNita hai / tRtIya sarga meM pUrvAcAryoM, vizeSataH vijayadAnasUri taka tapAgaccha ke AcAryoM kI paramparA kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| caturtha sarga meM vijayadAnasUri ke bhAvI paTTadhara hIravijaya ke janma, pravrajyA tathA kramaza: paNDita, upAdhyAya evaM AcArya pada prApta karane kA varNana hai / hIraharSa (hIravijaya) ko, mArgazIrSa zuklA dazamI, samvat 1610 ko sirohI meM AcArya-pada para pratiSThita kiyA gyaa| pAMcaveM sarga meM jayasiMha, sUrata meM, apanI mAtA ke sAtha vijayadAnasUri se tApasa-vrata grahaNa karatA hai| yahIM kumAra jayasiMha ko dekhane ko lAlAyita purasundariyoM ke sambhrama kA rocaka citraNa kiyA gayA hai| chaThe sarga meM vijayadAna, jayavimala (jayasiMha kA dIkSottara nAma) kI zikSA tathA anuzAsana kA dAyitva hIravijaya ko sauMpate haiN| vijayadAna ke nirvANa (samvat 1621) ke pazcAt hIravijaya gaccha ke sUtradhAra banate haiN| zAsanadeva ke Adeza se ve jayavimala ko kramazaH upAdhyAya tathA AcArya pada pradAna karate haiM / isake bAda jayavimala vijayasena nAma se khyAta hue| AThaveM sarga meM hIravijaya, ahamadAbAda meM, pauSa kRSNA dazamI, samvat 1630 ko apane paTTadhara vijayasena kA vandanotsava sampanna karate haiN| caturmAsa ke liye hIravijaya gandhAra prasthAna karate haiM, vijayasena pATana kI ora / na sarga meM mugala samrATa akabara ke nimantraNa para hIravijaya, samvat 1636 kI jyeSTha zuklA trayodazI ko, gandhAra se phatehapurI pahu~cate haiN| akabara ne paramAtmA ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM hIrasUri ke sAtha do bAra gambhIra vimarza kiyA tathA AcArya kI preraNA se varSa meM bAraha dina ke liye rAjya meM jIvahatyA vajita kara dii| dasaveM sarga meM vijayasena, pATana meM, kharataragacchIya zrIsAgara ko caudaha-divasIya vivAda meM parAsta karate haiN| IDaravAsI mahebhya sthira kA putra, vAsakumAra, apanI mAtA ke sAtha ahamadAbAda meM, samvat

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vijayaprazastimahAkAvya : hemavijayagaNi 355 1643, mAgha zuklA dazamI ko vijayasena se tApasavrata grahaNa karatA hai| gyArahaveM sarga meM akabara ke anurodha se hIravijaya vijayasena ko, samrATa ko pratibodha dene ke liye lAhaura bhejate haiN| akabara zatrujaya-yAtrA ko karamukta kara detA hai aura usakA adhikAra hIrasUri ko pradAna karatA hai / bArahaveM sarga meM vijayasena lAhaura pahu~cakara jainadharmaviSayaka paramAtmA ke svarUpa ke bAre meM samrATa kA sandeha dUra karate haiM tathA bhAnucandra kA nandi-utsava sampanna karate haiM jisa para akabara ke pradhAnamantrI abulaphajala ne muktahasta se vyaya kiyA / terahaveM tathA caudahaveM sarga meM kramaza: unnatapura (UnA) meM hIravijaya kI rugNatA tathA nidhana (saM0 1653, bhAdrapada zuklA ekAdazI) kA varNana hai| zokAkula vijayasena gaccha kA Adhipatya grahaNa karate haiN| agale do sargoM meM vijayasena ahamadAbAda tathA sikandarapura meM jinapratimAoM kI sthApanA karate haiM aura vidyAvijaya (vAsakumAra) ko paNDita-pada para pratiSThita karate haiM / guNavijayakRta antima pAMca sargoM meM vijayasena dvArA vidyAvijaya ko paTTadhara abhiSikta karanA, pratimA, pratiSThA, phiraMgiyoM ke samakSa Aheta dharma kA tattva-vivecana karanA Adi ghaTanAe~ vaNita haiM / apane zAsanakAla meM AcArya vijayasena ne ATha ziSyoM ko upAdhyAyapada pradAna kiyA tathA saikar3oM ko paNDita-pada para pratiSThita kiyA, jo vibhinna viSayoM ke diggaja vidvAn hue| vijayaprazasta meM isa prakAra hIravijaya tathA unake paTTadhara vijayasena kA dhArmika carita nibaddha hai / mUla racanA (16 sarga) meM AcArya hIrasUri kA vyaktitva pramukha hai / isa bha ga meM vijayasena ke jIvana kI kucha hI ghaTanAoM kI carcA huI hai| antima pAMca sarga vijayasena sUri ke itivRtta ko Age bar3hAte haiN| rasayojanA vijayaprazasti itivRttapradhAna kAvya hai| isake kathAnaka kI prakRti tathA vAtAvaraNa ke anurUpa isameM mahAkAvyasulabha tIvra rasavattA kA abhAva hai| yaha isakI bahuta bar3I truTi hai / zAntarasa ke prati kavi ke pakSapAta ke kAraNa ise kAvya kA aMgI rasa mAnA jA sakatA hai| zAntarasa kI abhivyakti ke kAvya meM aneka sthala haiM / vividha pAtroM ke pravrajyA grahaNa karane tathA dharmopadezoM Adi ke antargata kAvya meM zAntarasa kI vyaMjanA huI hai| kavi ke sAhityazAstra meM zAntarasa rasarAja ke pada para AsIna hai (zrIzAnto rasAdhipaH-12.153) / saMvegotpatti ke pazcAt kumAra jayasiMha ko saMsAra asAra, nArI mokSamArga kI argalA tathA gRhasthatA madirA ke samAna bhramajanaka pratIta hotI hai / use saMyama meM hI saccA sukha dikhAI detA hai| usakI yaha zamavRtti zAnta sa meM pariNata huI hai| api zivA vani nibaddhadhiyAM namAmaghanidAnamabhANi jinena yaa| maga tadamba ! gRhastha tayA tayA kimadhunA madhunA mahatAmiva // 5.10

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya na virasAsu maruSviva hastinAM bhavati yAsu ratiH sukhakRd nRNAm / budhajanaiH pathikAH pathi pApmanaH sunayanA nayanAzakRtaH smRtAH // 5.11 vijayaprazasti meM raudra, vAtsalya tathA karuNa aMgI rasa ke poSaka haiM, yadyapi raudra kI zAntarasa se spaSTa visaMgati hai| hemavijaya ne raudrarasa ko pallavita karane kI ceSTa bhI nahIM kI hai| svapnadRSTa siMha vanya hAthiyoM ko DarAne ke liye dahAr3a chor3atA huA, A~khoM se Aga barasAtA huA aura jIbha lapalapAtA huA sAkSAt raudra rasa pratIta hotA hai| stambaramatrAsanidAnanAdakSubdhAkhilakSoNitalaM sahelam / sodyotavidyudyutijitvarAkSidvayIkamadvaitatarovarorum // 2.2 guMjAtule tAluni padmapatramitraM rasajJAMkuramAdadhAnam / vyAttAnanaM kAnanakuMjarAjaM raudraM rasaM mUtamivogramUttim // 2.3 zaizava-varNana vAtsalya kI niSpatti kI urvara bhUmi hai| zizu jayasiMha kI bAlakeliyoM ke citraNa meM vAtsalyarasa kI madhura abhivyakti huI hai| vaha apanI bholI tathA aspaSTa vANI, bAlasulabha capalatAoM tathA anya ceSTAoM se mAtA-pitA kA mana mohita kara letA hai| rikhan prajalpannipatan prapazyannaznan vinighnan prahasan pibaMzca / pitrode'bhUjjasiMhazAvaH satAM samastaM hi mudA nidhAnam / 2.56 haMsIva phullaM navapuNDarIkaM hRSTA hRdAmbA'tha tmaaliliNg| puSpaM sadAmodamivAlinI taM mAtA muhuzcAru cucumba mUni // 2.67 madhyayugIna sAhitya meM karuNarasa kA citraNa eka nizcita Dharre para huA hai| usakA Adarza bhavabhUti haiM, jinheM karuNa rasa ke mukuTahIna samrAT ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai / bhavabhUti ke samAna madhyakAlIna kaviyoM kI karuNA tIvratA tathA mArmika vyaMjanA se zUnya haiM / krandana ko hI usakA paryAya mAna liyA gayA hai / vijayaprazasti kA karuNarasa bhI isI koTi kA hai| AcArya hIravijaya kI mRtyu se udbhUta vyApaka zoka ko kavi ne vijayasena tathA zrAvakoM ke vilApa ke rUpa meM vyakta kiyA vihAya nityaM malinAmihatyAM tanuM manojJAM ca suprvyoneH| gururguNI grAmadhunI vimucya nabhonadI haMsa iva prapede // 14.36 pade pade mUrcchadapArabASpA mahebhyamukhyA gRhamedhinazca / mahotsavADambarasundaraM te surA ivainAM zibikAmathohuH // 14.41 sagandhasArAgurumukhyadArubharAcitAyAM shucimccitaayaam| tadAtha saMskAramakArSurete prabhostanoH kiM tamaso nijasya / 14.42 yahA~ AcArya ke anuyAyiyoM kA manogata zoka sthAyIbhAva hai| hIravijaya

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vijayaprazastimahAkAvya : hemavijayagaNi 357 kA zava Alambana vibhAva hai / arthI uThAnA, citA banAnA tathA guru kI antyeSTi karanA uddIpana vibhAva haiM / zrAvakoM kA A~sU bahAnA tathA paga-paga para mUcchita honA anubhAva haiM / viSAda, jar3atA, cintA Adi vyabhicArI bhAva haiN| inake ghAta-pratighAta se sthAyI bhAva zoka, karuNa rasa meM pariNata huA hai| saundaryavarNana vijayaprazasti ke vistRta phalaka para prAkRtika saundarya kI eka rekhA bhI aMkita nahIM, yaha bahuta Azcarya kI bAta hai| prakRti se gRhIta aprastutoM ke dvArA kavi ne isa abhAva kI pUrti karane kA kucha prayAsa kiyA hai, yadyapi unheM prakRticitraNa kA sthAnApanna nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| hemavijaya ne mAnava-saundarya ke aMkana meM adhika ruci lI hai / yaha usake saundaryabodha kA paricAyaka hai / kAvya meM strI tathA puruSa donoM kA saundarya citrita kiyA gayA hai| hemavijaya kI saundaryacitraNa kI nizcita praNAlI nahIM hai / paramparAgata nakhazikhavidhi ke atirikta usane vyatireka tathA anya alaMkAroM ke mAdhyama se mAnava saundarya ko vANI dene kA prayatna kiyA hai| nArI-saundarya kA citraNa kAvyanAyaka kI mAtA koDimadevI ke varNana kA sahaja avayava hai / isameM mukhyataH vyatireka ke dvArA usake anavadya saundarya kI vyaMjanA kI gayI hai| usake mukha tathA nayanoM se vijita candramA tathA mRga AkAza meM chipa gaye (2.56), madhura kaNTha se parAsta kokilAoM ne vana kI zaraNa lI (2.60), rambhA, lakSmI, gaurI Adi to usakI tulanA kaise kara sakatI haiM ? (2.67) / koDimadevI ke pAMvoM ke nakhoM kA saundarya, urojoM kI puSTatA tathA kaTi kI kSINatA kramazaH utprekSA aura arthAntaranyAsa kA sparza pAkara aura camatkArajanaka bana gayI hai| zubha cihnoM se aMkita usake aruNa nakha aise pratIta hote the mAno caraNa-vandanA karate samaya dikkumAriyoM ke lalATa ke sindUra se tilaka aMkita ho gaye hoN| usake stanoM kI puSTatA kI sampadA dekhakara kaTi IyA se kSINa ho gayI / jar3a tathA durmukha logoM kI vibhUti se kise IrSyA nahIM hotI ? cakrAMkuzadhvajasarojamukhAMkite ya tpAdadvaye dazanakhA aruNAH sma bhAMti / lagnAH samaM kimu digabjadRzAM lalATa___ paTTAtpraNatyavasare varadhIrapuNDrAH // 2.61 pInatvavittamatizAyi nirIkSya yasyA ___ vakSojayoH RzimabhAk kttiriiyeyev / stabdhAtmanAmasitatuNDabhRtAM vibhUti mAlokya kasya bhuvi na prabhavatyasUyA // 2.62 kumAra jayasiha kA saundaryacitraNa kAvya meM puruSa-saundarya kA pratinidhitva

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 358 karatA hai| isakA AdhAra paramparAgata nakha zikha praNAlI hai / isameM kumAra ke vibhinna aMgoM ke vaiziSTya kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, jo vividha alaMkAroM kI yojanA se aura prasphuTita ho gayA hai ( 2.32-36 ) / saundarya-citraNa ke antargata kavi ne sahaja saundarya meM vRddhi karane vAle prasAdhanoM tathA AbhUSaNoM kA bhI kAvya meM varNana kiyA hai / pravrajyA grahaNa karane ke liye jAte samaya kumAra jayasiMha ke bhUSaNoM kA varNana isa dRSTi se, ullekhanIya hai / rUpamastu subhagaM khalu mA dRgdoSadUSitamasya mukhasya / aMjanaM nyadhita paurapurandhrI kAcidasya dRzi dhanyadhiyeti // 5.64 asya kundakumudendvanukAraH zobhate sma hRdi hAra udAraH / ullasallavaNimaikapayodheH phenapiNDa iva pANDimapUrNa: / / 5.67 kuNDale kanakakAntamaNIrugmaNDale zizumukhe zuzubhAte / rAhubhIticakitau ravicandrau nirbhayaM zaraNamenamitau kim ? // 5.68 caritracitraNa hemavijaya ne jina pAtroM se sambandhita kathAnaka ko kAvya kA viSaya banAyA hai, ve suvijJAta haiM / anya aneka kavi pahale hI unake carita para kAvya-racanA kara cuke the / ataH hemavijaya ne unheM jisa pariveza se grahaNa kiyA, kAvya meM unhIM rekhAoM kI sImA meM prastuta kiyA hai jisake phalasvarUpa unake caritra-citraNa meM navInatA nahIM hai / vijayasena. vijayasena yadyapi kAvya ke nAyaka haiM, kintu unakA caritra hIravijaya ke vyaktitva kI garimA ke bhAra se daba gayA hai / vijayasena pratibhAsampanna nAyaka haiN| zaizava meM hI unakI pratibhA kI kuzAgratA kA paricaya milatA hai / ve samasta vidyAoM ko isa prakAra hRdgata kara lete haiM, jaise darpaNa bimba ko ( 2.61 ) / hIravijaya jaise vidvAn AcArya bhI isa medhAvI ziSya ko pAkara dhanya ho jAte haiM / ve pratyutpannamati tathA adhyayanazIla vyakti haiM / guru hIravijaya ke sAnnidhya meM unakI pratibhA aura paripakva ho jAtI hai | apanI bahuzrutatA ke kAraNa vijayasena sarasvatI ke sAkSAt avatAra ke rUpa meM mAnyatA prApta karate haiM / vineya eSa prabhupUjyapuMgava netamAM mUrttimatI sarasvatI // 7.18 guru ke prati unake hRdaya meM asIma zraddhA hai / ve ananya bhAva se AcArya kI sevA karate haiM aura tatparatA se unake AdezoM kA pAlana karate haiN| guru ke nidhana se unheM jo vedanA huI, use unakA hRdaya hI jAnatA hai (alaM sa evAvagame tadIye14.46) /

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vijayaprazastimahAkAvya : hemavijayagaNi 356 dIkSita jIvana meM vijayasena Arhata dharma ke sacce sandezavAhaka haiN| ve pratiSThA, tIrthayAtrA, dharmopadeza Adi se jaina dharma kI prabhAvanA karate haiN| unake vyaktitva kI pavitratA tathA upadezoM kI nirmalatA se akabara jaise anyadharmI samrATa ke mAnasa meM bhI karuNA kA udreka hotA hai jisake phalasvarUpa vaha rAjya ke samasta bandiyoM kI mukta kara detA hai aura nissantAna vyakti ke sampatti-sambandhI krUra niyama ko samApta kara detA hai| phiraMgiyoM dvArA unheM dharma-goSThI meM nimantrita karanA unakI cAritrika udAttatA tathA dhArmika upalabdhi kA dyotaka hai| hIravijaya ___ kAvyanAyaka vijayasena ke guru AcArya hIravijayasUri nispRhatA tathA tyAga kI jIvanta pratimA haiN| kulAgata vaibhava tathA atula samRddhi ko tRNavat tyAga kara ve pravrajyA kA kaNTIlA mArga grahaNa karate haiM / hIravijaya ko pratibhA kA adbhuta varadAna prApta hai| unakI pratibhA kI abhivyakti zAstrazIlana tathA maccha ke kuzala saMcAlana meM huI hai| unhoMne zAstrarasa kA isa AturatA se pAna kiyA jaise grISma se santapta dharatI varSA kI prathama bauchAra ko tatkAla pI jAtI hai / so'pramattaH papau sarva zAstraM svaM svaguroH sudhIH / grISmatapto bhuvAM bhAga ivAbdAnniyatat payaH // 14.68 unakI vidvattA, cAritrika udAttatA evaM dhArmika upalabdhiyoM kI khyAti samrATa akabara taka pahu~catI hai| vaha yatirAja ko dharmagoSThI ke liye nimantrita karatA hai tathA paramAtmA ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM unake sAtha gambhIra carcA karatA hai / samrATa hIrasUri kI tarka-praNAlI tathA vyaktitva kI gambhIratA tathA zAlInatA se itanA prabhAvita huA ki usane, jaina sAdhu kI icchA ke anusAra, varSa meM kucha dinoM ke liye jIva-hatyA banda kara dI, bandiyoM ko mukta kara diyA, jaz2iyA samApta kara diyA aura hIravijaya ko zatrujayatIrtha kA adhikAra pradAna kiyaa| vyaktigata jIvana meM bhI akabara ko ahiMsA kI ora pravRtta karanA hIravijaya jaise vItarAga tapasvI ke liye hI sambhava thaa| hIravijaya ke vyaktitva kI samUcI udAttatA unakI aparigraha bhAvanA meM pratibhAsita hotI hai| unheM jIvana meM kucha bhI grAhya nahIM hai| ve akabara ke sarvathA nirdoSa upahAra --- graMthasaMgraha -ko bhI maryAdAvirodhI mAnakara asvIkAra kara dete haiN| samrAT ke atyadhika Agraha se jaba ve graMtha grahaNa karate haiM, to unheM sArvajanika prayoga ke lie AgarA ke eka pustakAlaya meM rakha dete haiM / akabara jaina sAdhu kI nirIhatA se gadgad ho jAtA hai| nRpo vizeSAd mumude nirIhatAM nirIkSya sUreratizAyinImimAm // 6.41

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360 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya kamA - kamA kAvyanAyaka kA pitA hai| vaha mukhyataH dhAmika vyakti hai, jinendra ke caraNakamaloM kA bhramara / usake saMyata sevana ke kAraNa artha aura kAma bhI usake liye dharmamaya bana gaye haiM (1.48) / vaha dhanADhya vyApArI hai, kintu usake liye dhana kI sArthakatA dAna dvArA puNyArjana meM hai| isIliye dhanavattA tathA udAratA, paraspara virodhI hotI huI bhI, usake pAsa eka-sAtha rahatI haiN| devoM tathA yatiyoM ke prati usakI gahana zraddhA hai| jinabhakti, yati-praNati tathA supAtradAna-ye tInoM guNa usameM eka-sAtha vidyamAna haiN| sacamuca usameM asaMkhya guNa aise praviSTa ho gaye haiM, jaise anagina nadiyAM sAgara meM lIna ho jAtI haiM (1.52) / vaha karNa ke samAna dAnI tathA kAttikeya kI bhA~ti saccaritra hai (1.50) / samAjacitraNa vijayaprazasti mahAkAvya se tatkAlIna samAja kI katipaya gatividhiyoM tathA vizvAsoM kA AbhAsa milatA hai, jo, sImita artha meM, kavi kI saMvedanazIlatA kA dyotaka hai| putrajanma sadaiva kI bhA~ti harSollAsa kA avasara thA / dhanADhya loga dAna-mAna se putrajanma kA abhinandana karate the| kamA ne jayasiMha ke janma ke samaya yAcakoM ko itanA dAna diyA ki vaha sAkSAt kalpavRkSa pratIta hotA thaa| putra ko pAThazAlA meM praviSTa karAne se pUrva dhanavAn pitA bhavya utsava Ayojita karatA thaa| nayA vidyArthI sarvaprathama pAThazAlA meM vAgdevI kI arcanA karatA thA kyoMki usakI kRpA ke binA vidyA-prApti sambhava nahIM hai| vaha gurujana tathA sahapAThiyoM ko bhI yathocita upahAra detA thA, jo guru ke prati usakI zraddhA tathA chAtra bandhuoM ke prati usake sauhArda ke pratIka the| . tatkAlIna samAja meM svapnoM tathA zakunoM para aTUTa vizvAsa thaa| sUryodaya ke samaya dekhA gayA svapna zubha phala kA dAyaka mAnA jAtA thA / zubha zakuna akSaya kSema ke pUrvasUcaka the (kSemasya cihnaH zakunazca zobhanaH-7.46) / jayavimala ke prasthAna tathA pATana meM praveza ke samaya aneka zakuna hue the| baila kI garjanA, darpaNa, dadhi, pakavAna se bharA bartana, sadhavA nArI kA milanA sukhada samajhA 5. puMrUpa eSa tridazadrumastaimeMne yathA bhUvalayAvatIrNaH / vahI, 2.36 6. yacitA kalpalateva datta sadyaH satAM vAMchitamarthameSA // vahI 2.88 7. gurvI guruH prApadapApadRga mudaM dRSTvA zubhaM svapnamivodaye raveH / vahI 10.66

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vijayaprazasti mahAkAvya : hemavijayagaNi jAtA thA / darzana kAvya meM kisI dArzanika siddhAnta kA pratipAdana nahIM hai| mugala samrAT akabara kI sabhA meM dharmacarcA ke antargata paramAtmA ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM vijayasena jaina dharma kI mAnyatA kA nirUpaNa karate haiM / jaina darzana meM paramAtmA karuNA se paripUrNa, rAgadveSa se rahita, trikAlajJa tathA pramANajJeya hai / vaha ajanmA, azarIrI, acchedya, abhedya avyaya, cidAtmA, acintya svarUpa tathA anagha hai ( 7.151-74) / jisa paramAtmA ko zaiva ziva kahate haiM, vedAntI brahma, bauddha buddha, mImAMsaka karma, naiyAyika karttA, jaina usI ko arhatu kahate haiM / jaina darzana meM paramAtmA ko do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai / prathama koTi kA paramAtmA samavasaraNa meM sthita kevalajJAnI hai / vaha sAkAra, nAnA atizayoM se yukta tathA gauravapUrNa hai / tatrAdyaH so'sti samavasaraNaM zaraNaM zriyAm / surAsuranarazreNisevitAMghridvayaH sthitaH // 12.150 dUsarI koTi kA paramAtmA nirAkAra, anAdi, ajanmA, muktAtmA tathA cinmaya hai / bhASA 361 sadAnAdimajanmAnaM muktAtmAnaM ca cinmayam / dvitIyamadvitIyaM taM vadAmaH paramezvaram / / 12.211 vijaya kA mukhya uddezya svadharma kI prabhAvanA karanA hai / isake liye usane kAvya kA jo mAdhyama apanAyA hai, use bodhagamya banAne ke liye kavi ne AdyopAnta sarala evaM subodha bhASA kA prayoga kiyA hai| usake pArzvanAthacarita meM bhI bhASA kI yahI prAMjalatA dRSTigata hotI hai / vijayaprazasti kI bhASA kI sugamatA meM aisA pariSkAra hai, jo isake nIrasa itivRtta meM rocakatA banAe rakhatA hai| TIkAkAra guNavijaya ne kavi ke jisa vAglAlitya kI prazaMsA kI hai, vaha isI bhASAtmaka parimArjana kA dUsarA nAma hai / vastutaH bhASA ke isa sauSThava ne hI kAvya ko apaThanIya banane se bacAyA hai / vijayaprazasti meM vividha sthitiyoM athavA mAnasika dvandvoM kA citraNa karane kA koI avakAza nahIM hai / isIliye isameM bhASA kI usa vividhatA kA abhAva hai, jo mahAkAvya kI mahArgha vizeSatA hai / kAvya meM Adyanta eka samAna bhASA prayukta huI hai / prasAda se paripUrNa hone ke kAraNa usameM lAlitya tathA prAMjalatA hai / usameM praur3hatA kI bhI kamI nahIM hai / kAvya meM adhikatara prasAdaguNa sampanna bhASA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / usameM dIrgha samAsoM tathA kliSTa padAvalI kA abhAva hai / putrajanma se Anandita

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362 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya hokara kamA vaibhava kA koza luTA detA hai| usake dAna ke varNana kI bhASA saralatA tathA prAMjalatA se otaprota hai| gRhazobhA ke varNana kI bhASA meM bhI yahI guNa vidyamAna hai| AkarNya karNotsavamAtmajanmajanmAtizarmAtha mehbhymukhyH| harSa sa lebhe prasabhaM prabaha bIva gAravamambudasya // 2.34 dvAHpAzvayostasya gRhasya rambhAstambhau vyabhAtAM navaparNapUNau / dhammillaphullotpalazAlimaulI sarasvatIsindhusute kimete // 2.42 hemavijaya vividha bhAvoM ko anukUla padAvalI meM abhivyakta karane meM samartha hai, isakA AbhAsa AcArya hIravijaya ke nidhana para vijayasena ke vilApa ke prasaMga meM milatA hai| yahA~ samAsahIna tathA kAtara padAvalI ke dvArA zoka kI samartha abhivyakti kI gayI hai| mamAbhavad yA bhagavaMstvadaMghrisarojayoH zrIH purataH sthitasya / tvadAnananyastavilocanasya sudurlabhA sAtha nabholateva // 14.46 tvayi prayAte'stamanantakAntau payojinIbhartari bhvypdm| dhruvaM bhavitrI bharatAvanIyaM kupAkSikollUkatamaHprasArA // 14.56 vijayaprazasti meM sabase sarala bhASA saMvAdoM meM dRSTigata hotI hai| vijayasenasUri tathA samrATa akabara ke vArtAlApa meM bhASA kI yahI sahajatA hai / asti zastaM zarIre vaH parivAre ca pezale / ihAgatikRtamAsIda yuSmAkaM kSemamadhvani // 12.114 kva santi sklpraannipriinnnprvnnaashyaaH| zrIhIravijayAH sUrisindhurAH sAdhubandhurAH // 12.115 vijayaprazasti kI bhASA subodha tathA pariSkRta hai| kAvya kI sugamatA ke kAraNa hI vidvAn isa para TIkA likhanA anAvazyaka samajhate the| kecit sugamA haimI kRtiriti tasyASTIkA nirartheva // alaMkAravidhAna grAmavadhaTI kI bhA~ti hemavijaya kI kavitA apane svAbhAvika lAvaNya se alaMkRta hai| kavi ne usa para alaMkAra lAdane kI ceSTA nahIM kI hai| yaha usakA uddezya bhI nahIM hai| hemavijaya ke liye alaMkAra bhAvAbhivyakti kA mAdhyama hai|| hemavijaya upamA ke marmajJa haiN| pArzvanAthacarita se bhI upamA ke prayoga meM unake kauzala kA yatheSTa paricaya milatA hai| varNya bhAva kI spaSTatA ke liye ve mUrta tathA amUrta donoM prakAra ke upamAnoM kA samAna adhikAra tathA sahajatA se prayoga kara sakate haiM / loka se grahaNa kiye gaye aprastuta vizeSa rocaka haiN| upamAna 8. TIkAprazasti, 57

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vijayaprazasti mahAkAvya : hemavijayagaNi 363 ke suparicita hone se varNanIya viSaya turanta hRdayaMgama ho jAtA hai / kamA ke hRdaya ko virakti ne isa prakAra prakAzita kara diyA jaise tela se bhare dIpaka kI bAtI ghara ko Alokita karatI hai (1.57 ) / jayasiMha mAtA ke sAtha aise zobhita ho rahA thA jaise dayA se puNyavAn vyakti ( 5 . 51 ) / paradarzana meM gati prApta karanA utanA hI kaThina hai jitanA dhana ke binA vezyAgRha meM praviSTa honA ( 5.10) / vijaya ne adhikatara upamAna prakRti se lie haiM / ye unakI prakRti ke prati sahAnubhUti ke paricAyaka haiM / dohada kI apUrti se utpanna pIr3A tathA bhAvI putrajanma kI prasannatA ne koDimadevI ko aise vyApta kara liyA jaise dina-rAta eka-sAtha meru parvata para chA jAte haiM ( 2. 24) / vijayasena para guru kI anujJA ke sAtha gaccha kI cintA kA bhAra isa prakAra A gayA jaise anurAgavatI rAtri ke sAtha cA~danI, candramA ko prApta hotI hai / anujJayA sAkamatra gacchacintAtmako bhAra iyAya ziSye / jyotsnAgamaH zItamarIcibimbe triyAmayevAnurAgamayyA // 8.31 vijaya ne zAstra se bhI kucha aprastuta grahaNa kie haiN| nimnokta upamA gaNita para AdhArita hai / nAstikoM kA mArga aMkarahita bindu (jIro) ke samAna nirarthaka hai / jaganmUlaM na manyante ye mUDhAH paramezvaram / teSAM panthAH vRthAMkena vinA binduriva dhruvam // 12.144 vijayaprazastakAra kI utprekSAe~ bhI usakI aprastutavidhAna kI nipuNatA ko prakaTa karatI haiM / kamA ke ghara ke AMgana meM dUba ke aMkura aise lagate the mAno gRhalakSmI ke keza hoM / virejire dvArajire tadIye dUrvAMkurAstatra bhRzaM lasantaH / niketanAmbhonidhinandanAyA manoharAH kezabharA ivAmI / / 2.43 aprastuta kArttikeya kI apekSA prastuta vijayadAnasUri kI viziSTatA batAne ke kAraNa nimnokta padya meM vyatireka alaMkAra hai / na brahmacAryapyajaniSTa tulyaH zIlena yairjahna sutAsuto'tra / yato yamadhvaMsini baddharAgo babhAra yastArakavairitAM ca // 3.52 prahlAdanapura kI nAriyoM ke prastuta varNana meM ApAtata: unakI nindA pratIta hotI hai, kintu vastutaH isa nindA ke vyAja se unakI prazaMsA kI gayI hai / yaha byAjastuti zleSa para AdhArita hai / mattamAtaMgagAminyaH surArthAzcaladarzanAH / nindyA api mude santi yatra trastamRgIdRza: / / 4.11 jUnAgar3ha ke krUra zAsaka khurrama ke svabhAva kA varNana dRSTAnta ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai / guru ke bhAgya se vaha nirdaya rAjA zAnta ho gayA / candramA ke samparka se

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364 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya candrakAntamaNi dravita hokara zAnta ho jAtI hai| yahA~ prastuta zAsaka tathA aprastuta candramA ke AcaraNa meM bimba-pratibimba bhAva hai / sa krUro'pi gurorbhAgyAd bhUkAntaH zAntatAmagAt / candrasamparkatazcandropalaH kiM nAmbu muJcati // 20.58 akabara kI sabhA meM strItva ko prApta vijayasena kI sthiti ko pratidvandviyoM kI kAmazakti ko samApta karate hue citrita kiyA gayA hai, ataH yahA~ virodha hai / mahelAbhAvamApannA sthitistatra vratIzituH / hanti sma kAmazakti yad vAdinAmeSa vismayaH / / 12.222 uparyukta alaMkAroM ke atirikta vijayaprazasti meM jina alaMkAroM ko abhivyakti kA mAdhyama banAyA gayA hai, unameM zleSa, anuprAsa, yamaka, tadguNa, yathAsaMkhya, adbhuta, vibhAvanA, vizeSokti, paryAyokta, sandeha pramukha haiM / inameM se kucha ke udAharaNa yahA~ die jAte haiN| yathAsaMkhya-tadA prarohAvasatAM satAM ca cetasyabhUtAmamudAM mudAM ca // 8-22 adbhuta-siMhakaTigatihastI mukhaM candro dagambujam / nAmUni kalAhayante mitho vaire'pi yattanau // 4.37 sandeha-gaMgApravAhaH kimutApahArI, kalpadrumaH kiM sklopkaarii| zrI sUrisiMhaH samupAgato'sAvajJAyi deze'tra samastalokaH // 11.2 chandayojanA vijayaprazasti meM zAstrIya niyama ke anusAra chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / aThArahaveM sarga meM chandoM kI bahulatA hai| vijayaprazasti meM 16 chandoM ko kAvyaracanA kA AdhAra banAyA gayA hai / aThArahaveM sarga meM prayukta chandoM ke kAma isa prakAra haiMdrutavilambita, zAlinI, upendravajrA, upajAti, vasantatilakA, bhujaMgaprayAta, sragviNI, svAgatA, mAlinI, moTanaka, zArdUlavikrIDita / inake atirikta kAvya meM anuSTup, hariNI, zikhariNI, indravajrA, mandAkrAntA, indravaMzA, sragdharA tathA vaMzastha, ina ATha chandoM ko apanAyA gayA hai / kAvya meM anuSTup kI pradhAnatA hai / isake bAda upajAti kA sthAna hai| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki hemavijaya meM kavi-pratibhA hai; para sImita pracAravAdI uddezya ne usakI pratibhA ko panapane nahIM diyA hai| phalataH, vaha eka taMga ghere meM chaTapaTA kara raha gayI hai / katipaya kavitvapUrNa udyAnoM ko chor3akara samUcA kAvya itivRttAtmaka maruthala hai| apanI durdamanIya dhArmika vRtti kI vedI para kAvyapratibhA kI bali dene vAle jaina kaviyoM meM hemavijaya bhI eka haiN|

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paMcama adhyAya paurANika mahAkAvya

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19. zrIdharacarita : mANikyasundarasUri aMcalagaccha ke prakhyAta AcArya tathA pratibhAvAn kavi mANikyasundarasUri kA zrIdharacarita' vivecya yuga kA anUThA mahAkAvya hai| isake nau mANikyAMka sargoM meM maMgalapura-nareza jayacandra ke putra vijayacandra kA jIvanacarita, paurANika tathA romAMcaka pariveza meM, nibaddha hai / vijayacandra pUrvajanma kA zrIdhara hai| kAvya kA zIrSaka usake bhavAntara ke isa nAma para AdhArita hai / isa dRSTi se yaha kAvya ke pratipAdita viSaya kI samagratA ko dhvanita karane meM samartha nahIM hai| kavi kA uddezya carita-nirUpaNa ke sAtha saMskRta chandazAstra ke apane asaMdigdha pANDitya tathA use yatheSTa rUpa se udAhRta karane kI kSamatA kI pratiSThA karanA hai| isIlie kAvya meM varNavRttoM tathA mAtrAvRttoM ke aise bhedoM-prabhedoM tathA katipaya ajJAta athavA alpajJAta chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jo sAhitya meM anyatra zAyada hI prayukta hue hoM / chandazAstra ke prAyogika udAharaNa prastuta karane ke kAraNa zrIdharacarita zAstrakAvya kA sparza karatA hai; kintu mANikyasundara kA yaha lakSya, zAstra athavA nAnArthaka kAvyoM kI bhA~ti, kAvya ke lie ghAtaka nahIM hai kyoMki usakI kAvyapratibhA ko chandoM ke parakoTe meM bhI svataMtra vihAra ke lie vizAla gagana upalabdha hai| zrIdharacarita kA mahAkAvyatva zrIdharacarita kI racanA meM mahAkAvya ke svarUpavidhAyaka sabhI sthUlAsthUla tattvoM kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai / isakA kathAnaka 'prakhyAta' hai / nAyaka dhIrodAtta guNoM se sampanna rAjavaMzotpanna kumAra hai / zrIdharacarita kA aMgI rasa zRMgAra mAnA jAegA yadyapi kAvya kA paryavasAna zAntarasa meM hotA hai| vIra, adbhuta, bhayAnaka, raudra Adi isakI rasavattA ko saghana banAne meM, gauNa rUpa se, sahAyaka haiN| kAvya kA uddezya 'mokSa' hai / daihika bhogoM meM lipta vijayacandra kevalajJAnI muni jayanta kI dharma-dezanA se rAjyAdi samasta sAMsArika viSayoM ko tyAga kara parama pada ko prApta hotA hai|' 1. sampAdaka : muni jJAnavijaya, zrIcAritrasmArakagranthamAlA, 48, ahamadAbAda, samvat 2007 2. pUrve janmani bhUpatirbhuvi babhau nAmnA kila zrIdhara stArtIyakabhave sa eva vijayazcandrottaro'bhUnnRpaH / zrIdharacarita 1.31 3. ciraM saukhyaM bheje zivapadagataH sammadamayam / vahI, 6.246

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya mahAkAvyasulabha kumArajanma, dUtapreSaNa, yuddha, prabhAta, sUryodaya nagara, parvata Adi ke rocaka varNana kAvya meM yathAsthAna vidyamAna haiM / chaThe tathA naveM sarga meM citrakAvya ke dvArA kavi ne apanA pANDitya pradarzita karate hue camatkRti utpanna karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai jisameM bhAravi se pracalita isa paramparA kA nirvAha huA hai / kAvya kA Arambha ATha padyoM ke magalAcaraNa se huA hai jinameM katipaya tIrthaMkaroM, jainabhAratI tathA gaNadhara gautama kI stuti kI gayI hai / zrIdharacarita kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isakA pratyeka sarga maMgalAcaraNa se zurU hotA hai / kAvya kA zIrSaka pUrNatayA zAstrasammata to nahIM hai, kintu isase zAstra kI pUrNa avahelA bhI nahIM hotI / chandoM ke vidhAna kI dRSTi se zrIdharacarita nirAlI racanA hai / jJAtAjJAta chandoM ke prAyogika udAharaNa prastuta karane ke lie nibaddha kAvya meM zAstrIya niyama kI paripAlanA kA prazna hI nahIM hai / 368 zrIdharacarita kA kathAnaka vyApaka athavA susambaddha nahIM hai, tathApi ise yathAzakya anvitipUrNa banAne ke lie, isameM, zAstravihita pA~ca nATyamandhiyoM kA vini-yoga karane kI ceSTA kI gayI hai / dvitIya sarga se tRtIya sarga taka siddhapuruSa ke rAjaprAsAda meM avatIrNa hone tathA usake dvArA santAnahIna jayacandra ko putradAyinI guTikA dene ke varNana meM mukhasaMdhi hai kyoMki yahA~ kathAvastu ke bIja kA vapana huA hai / caturtha sarga se paMcama sarga taka vijayacandra ke janma, uddhata azva ke use bIhar3a vana meM le jAne, vahA~ usake asahAya bhaTakane, hastinApura kA rAjya prApta karane tathA pitA ke nimantraNa para usake rAjadhAnI lauTane ke prasaMgoM meM bIja kA kucha lakSya tathA kucha alakSya rUpa meM vikAsa hotA hai, ataH yahA~ pratimukhasandhi hai / chaThe sarga se AThaveM sarga ke prArambhika aMza taka eka ora sulocanA ke sAtha vivAha hone se vijayacandra ke hRdaya meM AzA kA udreka hotA hai, dUsarI ora kazmIrarAja pratApa se yuddha hone ke kAraNa cintA utpanna hotI hai / prasannatA aura cintA ke isa dvandva meM yahA~ garbhasandhi kA nirvAha huA hai / isI vizAlakAya sarga meM sulocanA ke apaharaNa tathA aneka utthAna-patana aura citra-vicitra ghaTanAoM ke pazcAt vajradADha ko parAsta karake usakI punaHprApti tathA naveM sarga ke Arambhika bhAga meM usake sAtha vijayacandra ke avirAma viSayopabhogoM ke varNa ta meM prakArAntara se phala prApti kI pRSThabhUmi ke adhika nizcita hone se vimarzasandhi mAnI jA sakatI hai| navama sarga ke zeSa bhAga meM nirbaMhaNasandhi kI yojanA huI hai / yahA~ vijayacandra tejapiNDa nArI ke yathArtha svarUpa jJAna se jagat kI anityatA tathA bhogoM kI nissAratA se trasta hokara pravrajyA grahaNa karatA hai aura antataH zivatva prApta karatA hai / yahI zrIdharacarita kA phalAgama hai / manorama kAvyakalA, gambhIra rasavyaMjanA, mahAkAvyocita prauDha bhASA, vidvattA pradarzana kI pravRtti Adi guNa ukta paramparAgata lakSaNoM ko paripuSTa kara zrIdharacarita ko sammAnita pada para ArUr3ha karate haiM /

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zrIdharacarita : mANikyasundarasUri zrIdharacarita kA svarUpa zrIdharacarita meM mahAkAvya kI paurANika, zAstra tathA zAstrIya zailiyoM kA avicchedya gaThabandhana hai| bhavAntara-varNana tathA vyakti ke vartamAna AcaraNa tathA paristhitiyoM ko pUrvajanmoM ke karmoM evaM saMskAroM se paricAlita mAnane kI paurANika pravRtti zrIdharacarita kI mukhya vizeSatA hai / kAvya meM prAyaH sabhI pAtroM ke pUrva athavA bhAvI bhavoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| jayacandra ke rAjamahala meM avatarita siddhapuruSa pUrva-janma meM vedajJa brAhmaNa agnimitra kA putra thaa| rAjA durlalita ke putra tathA putrI kA yugala chaha bhavoM meM ghUma kara ratnapura ke zAsaka ratnAMgada ke putra-putrI ke rUpa meM janma letA hai / aSTama sarga meM hI vijayacandra tathA sulocanA ke pUrvavartI sAta janmoM kA vistRta varNana hai| vijaya tathA vajradADha pUrvajanma ke sahodara zrIdhara tathA candra haiN| zrIdhara kI patnI gaurI sAta bhavoM ke uparAnta sulocanA ke rUpa meM utpanna hotI hai| pUrvajanma ke anurAga ke kAraNa zrIdhara kA agraja candra meruparvata para gaurI se rati kI yAcanA karatA hai tathA vidyAdhara vajradADha ke rUpa meM vijayacandra kI navoDhA priyA sulocanA ko hara le jAtA hai / zrIdharacarita meM mukhya kathA ke bhItara avAntara prasaMga gumphita karane kI purANasammata rIti kA vidrUpa dikhAI detA hai / caturtha sarga meM vijayacandra ke vanagamana kI kathA meM hastinApura-nareza gajabhadra, naramedhI yogI tathA ratnAvalI kI kathAe~ antanihita haiM / aSTama sarga meM, yaha pravRtti carama sImA ko pahu~ca jAtI hai, jahA~, sulocanA-haraNa ke prasaMga meM, kavi ne agaNita kathAsUtroM ko lekara AkhyAnoM kA vicitra tAnAbAnA buna diyA hai| paurANika mahAkAvyoM kI prakRti ke anurUpa prastuta kAvya meM alaukika tathA atiprAkRtika ghaTanAoM kI bharamAra hai| siddhapuruSa AkAza se utara kara jayacandra ko eka guTikA pradAna karatA hai jisake phalasvarUpa use putra kI prApti hotI hai / ceTaka to vijayacandra ke liye rAmabANa hai jo gADhe samaya meM, smaraNa mAtra se, tatkAla upasthita hokara usake sambhava-asambhava saba kAma siddha kara detA hai / vijayacandra gArur3a mantra se, mRta kanakamAlA ko punarjIvita karatA hai, avasvApinI vidyA se zatru-senA ko sulA kara nizceSTa banA detA hai para karuNA se dravita ho kara svapara-pakSa ke mRta sainikoM ko mRtajIvanI-vidyA se prANadAna detA hai / vijayA (pahale janma kI vijayacandra kI mAtA) kumAra (vijayacandra) ko apane pati ke pAsa nAgaloka meM le jAtI hai tathA use yathAsamaya rUpa parivartita karane ke liye eka guTikA detI hai / kAvya ke antima do sarga inhIM atimAnavIya ghaTanAoM se Acchanna haiM / zrIdharacarita meM katipaya lokakathA kI rUDhiyoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai, jo isakI paurANikatA ko romAMcakatA kI sImA taka pahuMcA detI haiN| vijayacandra ke zuka kA rUpa tathA zrIdhara kI patnI gaurI ke haMsI kA rUpa dhAraNa karane aura mAnavavat vArtA

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya lApa karane , nArIharaNa', pakSI ko patravAhaka banAne'; manuSya ke bhUtoM se sAkSAt bAtacIta karane tathA pakSiyoM ke punaH vAstavika AkAra meM prakaTa hone meM lokakathAoM kA prabhAva spaSTa hai / iSTasiddhi ke liye mantra sAdhanA karane tathA narabali dene aura saMyamazrI ke divya nArI ke rUpa meM avatIrNa hone Adi meM bhI lokakathAoM kI upajIvyatA lakSita hotI hai| purANoM kI bhA~ti prastuta kAvya meM bhAvI ghaTanAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| aSTama sarga meM yajJoM ke punaH pracalita hone kI bhaviSyavANI ke antargata sulasA tathA yAjJavalkya kA prasaMga isakA udAharaNa hai| isameM pracAravAdI dharmadezanAoM ko vyApaka sthAna milA hai tathA jaina dharma kI sarva zreSThatA evaM anya dharmoM kI hInatA kA tatparatA se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / zrIdharacarita kI kathA kA paryavasAna zAnta rasa meM hotA hai jo paurANika kAvyoM kI mukhya pravRtti hai| ina paurANika tattvoM ke atirikta zrIdharacarita meM varNya viSaya tathA varNana-zailI meM viSamatA, bhASA-zailIgata udAttatA, tIvra rasAnubhUti, vastuvyApAra ke manojJa varNana Adi zAstrIya kAvya ke lakSaNa bhI vidyamAna haiM jinake kAraNa ise zAstrIya kAvya mAnA jA sakatA hai / chandoM ko udAhRta karane se isakI zAstrakAvyoM meM gaNanA karanA nyAyocita hogaa| parantu paurANikatA kI prabalatA ke kAraNa ise paurANika kAvyoM meM sthAna diyA gayA hai| zrIdharacarita ko paurANika kAvya banAne vAle isake antima do sarga haiN| kavi-paricaya tathA racanAkAla prastuta mahAkAvya tathA apanI anya kRtiyoM meM mANikyasundara ne vistRta Atmaparicaya diyA hai jisase unakI guru-paramparA tathA sthiti-kAla ke sambandha meM mahattvapUrNa sAmagrI prApta hai| AcArya candra kI paramparA meM doSAndhakAra ke ucchettA tathA sUrya ke samAna tejasvI AryarakSita ne vizeSa khyAti ajita kI thii| unake paTTAnukrama meM mehatuMgasUri hue jo parama vAgmI, pratiSThita zAstrArthI, AcAryoM ke cUDAmaNi tathA aMcala gaccha ke sAkSAt mArtaNDa the| zrIdharacarita ke racayitA ne isI mahAn 4. vahI, 8.130,134,135,486,503-506,525,533 5. pUrvAnurAgabhAga jaha vajradADhaH sulocanAm / vahI, 5.557 6. adrASTAM nabhasA yAntaM patriNaM patrikAmukham / vahI, 8.173 7. vahI, 8.216-217 8. pakSirUpaM parityajya so'yaM siddhi naro'bhavat / vahI, 8.175 tathA 8.533 Adi 9. sarvameva sulabhaM bhaveM'ginAM jainadharma iha durlabhaH punaH / vahI 3.28 10. vahI, .234-308 11. vahI, 1.6-10

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zrIdharacarita : mANikyasundarasUri 371 AcArya se dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| isa tathya kI puSTi kavi ke anya granthoM se bhI hotI hai| aMcalagaccha-paTTAvalI ke anusAra merutuMga kA janma samvat 1403 meM nANAgrAma meM huA thA tathA ve samvat 147 3 meM, jUnAgar3ha meM, divaMgata hue| pUrvavivecita jainakumArasambhava ke yazasvI praNetA jayazekharasUri mANikyasundara ke vidyAguru the| mANikyasundara kA kavijIvana inhIM guruvara kI preraNA evaM protsAhana kA pAtheya lekara vikasita huaa| prAnta-prazasti ke anusAra zrIdharacarita kI racanA samvat 1463 (san 1406) meM, mevAr3a ke prakhyAta nagara devakulapATaka (delavAr3A) meM, sampanna huI thii| zrImedapATadeze grantho mANikyasundareNAyam / __devakulapATakapure guNarasavA/nduvarSe vyaraci // 15 kAvya kI svopajJa durgamapadavyAkhyA samvat 1488 meM, mUlaracanA ke paccIsa varSa pazcAt, zrIpattana meM likhI gayI thii| vyAkhyA-sahita kAvya kA prathama Adarza unake medhAvI ziSya kIrtisAgara ne taiyAra kiyA thaa| kavi ke guNavarmacarita kI racanA samvat 1484 meM huI thii| mUla zrIdharacarita isase pUrva kI tathA kAvya kI vyAkhyA isake bAda kI racanA hai| mANikyasundara sarvazAstravizArada vidvAn the / zrIdharacarita ke atirikta unake zukarAjakathA, guNavarmacarita, pRthvIcandracarita, dharmadattakathA, ajAputrakathA grantha tathA kucha TIkAe~ upalabdha haiN| kathAnaka zrIdharacarita kA kathAnaka nau sargoM meM vibhakta hai, jinameM pUre 1313 padya haiN| antima do sarga, parimANa meM, zeSa sAta sargoM se dUne haiN| . prathama sarga kAvya kI prastAvanA mAtra hai| isameM kavi ne apanI guru-paramparA tathA chandazAstra ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| dvitIya sarga meM eka siddha puruSa maMgalapura-nareza jayacandra ke sabhAbhavana meM avatIrNa hotA hai| tRtIya sarga meM aupacArika zubhAzaMsA tathA kuzalaprazna ke pazcAt vaha jayacandra kI jinabhakti se 12. vahI, 1.12 tathA usakI vRtti 13. guNavarmacarita, 1.4,8 tathA zukarAjakathA, prazasti, 1 14. zrIdharacarita, prAstAvikam, pR0 1 15. zrIdharacarita, 1.14 16. vahI, granthakAra-prazasti, 2 17. vahI, vyAkhyAkAraprazasti, 2-3 18. guNavarmacarita,prAntaprazasti, 3

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372 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya prasanna hokara use eka putradAyinI guTikA pradAna karatA hai| caturtha sarga meM guTikA ke prabhAva se maMgalapuranareza ko eka putra kI prApti hotI hai, jisakA nAma vijayacandra rakhA gyaa| yauvana ke Ane para vaha jaMgama kalpataru kI bhA~ti pratIta hone lgaa| vijayacandra ne eka dina sabhAbhavana meM upahAra-svarUpa prApta eka ghor3e kI gati kI parIkSA ke liye jyoMhI rAsa khIMcI, vaha tIra kI bhA~ti bhAga kara eka gahana vana meM jA phuNcaa| vijayacandra nau dina bhUkhA-pyAsA usa vana meM asahAya bhaTakatA rhaa| dasaveM dina usakA paricaya mRgayA-vihArI hastinApuranareza gajabhrama se huA, jo usake pitA kA mitra thaa| vaha gajabhrama ke AkheTa ke liye ghere gaye nirIha mRgoM ko mukta karake use ahiMsA kI ora unmukha karatA hai| gajabhrama kumAra ko apanI rAjadhAnI le jAtA hai / vaha ratnAvalI ko naramedhI yogI kI krUratA se bacAne ke liye Atmabali dene ko taiyAra hI thA ki vahA~ sahasA ceTaka prakaTa hotA hai| ceTaka use gArur3a mantra pradAna karatA hai tathA hara jaTila sthiti meM sahAyatA kA vacana detA hai| vijayacandra sarpadaMza se mRta kanakamAlA ko gArur3a mantra se punarjIvita kara sabako vismita kara detA hai / paMcama sarga meM gajabhrama kumAra ko rAjyalakSmI sauMpakara AcArya AryarakSita se tApasavrata grahaNa karatA hai| vijayacandra santAna kI bhA~ti prajA kA pAlana karatA hai / pitA kA nimantraNa pAkara vaha maMgalapura lauTa AtA hai / chaThe sarga meM ratnAMgada kA dUta rAjakumArI sulocanA ke svayamvara meM jayacandra ko nimantrita karane ke liye AtA hai / jayacandra vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa svayaM na jAkara rAjakumAra ko ratnapura bhejatA hai / saptama sarga meM svayamvara kA rocaka varNana hai, jo raghuvaMza ke indumatIsvayamvara se prerita tathA prabhAvita hai| sulocanA samasta rAjAoM ko chor3akara vijayacandra kA varaNa karatI hai| aSTama sarga meM, pratyAkhyAna se apamAnita rAjA, kazmIrarAja pratApa ke netRtva meM, usa para AkramaNa karate haiM kintu vijayazrI bhI vijaya ko hI prApta hotI hai| sarga ke zeSa bhAga meM sulocanA ke haraNa tathA asaMkhya vicitra tathA romAMcaka, atimAnavIya evaM alaukika ghaTanAoM ke anantara usake punarmilana kA atIva vistRta varNana hai / navama sarga meM vijayacandra sulocanA ke sAtha yauvana ke mAdaka bhogoM meM lIna ho jAtA hai| eka dina vaha apane mahala meM tejapiNDa se udbhUta eka kacanavarNI yuvatI dekhatA hai / kevalajJAnI muni jayanta se yaha jAnakara ki vaha saMyamazrI thI, jo use viSayoM se vimukha karane AyI thI, vaha rAjapATa chor3akara, sulocanA tathA mantriyoM ke sAtha pravrajyA grahaNa karatA hai aura paramasiddhi ko prApta hotA hai| paurANika kAvya hone ke nAte zrIdharacarita meM varNanoM tathA viSayAntaroM kA 19. yasmai kasmai tathApIdaM rAjyaM deyaM mayA prage / zrIdharacarita, 6.204 20. prabhuzrImatpAcciraNasuramANikyalabhanA ciraM bheje saukhyaM zivapadagataH sammadamayam // vahI, 6.246

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zrIdharacarita : mANikyasundarasUri 373 bAhulya hai| ise mahAkAvyocita pariveza dene ke liye kavi ne apanA kathAnaka vividha vastu-varNanoM se mAMsala banAkara grathita kiyA hai| kAvya ke uttarArddha meM kavi kI varNanAtmaka pravRtti vikarAla rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai yadyapi pUrvArddha meM bhI gajabhrama, ratnAvalI tathA kanakamAlA kI avAntara kathAoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| chaThA sarga parvata, prabhAta, sUryodaya tathA ratnapura ke varNanoM se tathA saptama sarga svayamvaravarNana se parapUrNa hai, jo rocaka hote hue bhI kathAnaka ke pravAha meM bAdhaka haiN| AThaveM sarga ke sAtha hama kAvya ke vicitra vAtAvaraNa meM padArpaNa karate haiN| AThaveM tathA naveM sarga kA saMsAra yakSoM, vidyAdharoM, siddhoM, nAgoM, yuddhoM, naramedha, strIharaNa, vidyAsAdhanA, rUpa parivartana tathA camatkAroM kA ajIba saMsAra hai| inameM atiprAkRtika tattvoM, abAdha varNanoM tathA viSayAntaroM kA itanA prAcurya hai ki ye sarga (vizeSataH aSTama sarga) kAvya kI apekSA romAMcaka kathA pratIta hote haiN| 832 padyoM ke ina sargoM kI vedI para kavi ko balivirodhI hote hue bhI mUlakathA kI bali denI par3I hai| kAvya kI jo kathA sAtaveM sarga taka laMgaDAtI calI A rahI thI, vaha AThaveM sarga meM Akara ekadA Dhera ho jAtI hai| apane caritanAyaka kI zUratA, sAdhanasampannatA; kaSTasahiSNutA tathA kAryaniSThA kI pratiSThA karane ke liye kavi ne isa sarga kA anAvazyaka vistAra kiyA hai tathA sArvajanika vAhana kI bhA~ti isameM vividha prakAra kI sAmagrI bhara dI hai / aisA karake vaha kathAnaka se bhaTaka gayA hai / mANikyasundara ko prApta pUrvavartI kaviyoM kA dAya zrIdharacarita ke kucha aMzoM kI racanA meM mANikyasundara kAlidAsa ke raghuvaMza tathA mAghakAvya ke RNI haiN| zizupAlavadha ke prathama sarga meM siMhAsanAsIna zrIkRSNa AkAza se avatarita hote nArada ko dekhakara unake viSaya meM nAnA tarka-vitarka karate haiN| kuzala-prazna tathA svAgata-abhivAdana ke pazcAt nArada zrIkRSNa ko zizupAla kA vadha karane ko prerita karate haiN| zrIdharacarita ke dvitIya sarga meM maMgalapuranareza ke sabhAbhavana meM, gagana se eka siddhapuruSa ke avatIrNa hone kA varNana hai| jayacandra tathA usake sabhAsad usakI vAstavikatA jAnane ke liye UhApoha karate haiN| nArada kI bhA~ti usakA bhI yathocita abhinandana kiyA jAtA hai| ___ kAlidAsa kA prabhAva kAvya ke sAtaveM sarga meM parilakSita hotA hai, jahA~ rAjakumArI sulocanA ke svayambara kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| mahAkavi kI taraha mANikyasundara ne bhI, kumArI ke maNDapa meM praviSTa hone para, pahale Agantuka rAjAoM kI kAmajanya ceSTAoM kA citraNa kiyA hai jo sulocanA ko pAne kI unakI adhIratA kI samartha abhivyakti hai| tatpazcAt sunandA ke samAna vetradhAriNI yazodharA kumArI ko upasthita rAjAoM kA vaiziSTyayukta paricaya detI hai / deza ke jina bhUbhAgoM ke rAjA svayambara meM Ae the, unameM se kucha ke nAma raghuvaMza tathA zrIdharacarita kI

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya. 374 sUciyoM meM eka samAna haiN| donoM kAvyoM meM sarvaprathama magadharAja kA paricaya diyA gayA hai / isa varNana ke antargata donoM kAvyoM meM, kaI sthaloM para, bhAvasAdRzya bhI dRSTigata hotA hai / zUrasena deza ke adhipati ke viSaya meM kAlidAsa kA kathana hai adhyAsya cAmbhaH pRSatokSitAni zaileyagandhIni zilAtalAni / kalApinAM prAvRSi pazya nRtyaM kAntAsu govardhanakandarAsu // raghu0 6.51 dvArikAdhIza kA varNana karate samaya mANikyasundara ne kAlidAsa ke uparyukta bhAva ko grahaNa kiyA hai / kinnarIvRndagAMdharvagIrbandhure nityaparjanyatUryaravADambare / afenRtyaM yadi prekSitaM raivate citrametaM bhaja dvArakezaM tataH // zrIdhara0, 7.43 kAlidAsa indumatI ko mahendrAdri ke zAsaka ko cunakara unake sAtha sAgarataTa para vihAra karane kA pralobhana dete haiM to yazodharA apanI sakhI ko kosalanareza kA varaNa karake sarayU ke tIravartI kAnana kA upabhoga karane ko prerita karatI hai / anena sArdhaM viharAmburAzestIreSu tAlIvanamarmareSu / dvIpAntarAnItala vaMgapuSpairapAkRtasvedalavA marudbhiH // raghuvaMza, 6.57 abhiratiryadi te sarayUjalaplavanazADvalakAnanakeliSu / kSitipatestadamuSya bhava priyA surariporiva gauri ! haripriyA // I zrIdhara0, 7.36 parityakta narezoM kI mlAnatA kA citraNa donoM kAvyoM meM saMcAriNI dIpazikhA ke upamAna dvArA kiyA gayA hai" / donoM kaviyoM ne svayamvara ke pazcAt vijayI rAjakumAra tathA hatAza rAjAoM ke yuddha kA varNana kiyA hai / yaha jJAtavya hai ki indumatI - svayamvara ke varNana para AdhArita hotA huA bhI mANikyasundara kA svayamvara-varNana usakA andhAnukaraNa nahIM hai balki mAnava hRdaya ke sUkSma citraNa, kamanIya kalpanA tathA bhASA-mAdhurya ke kAraNa vaha sajIvatA tathA rocakatA se otaprota hai / isa koTi ke varNanoM meM sulocanA - svayamvara kA nizcita sthAna hai / rasayojanA rasAtmakatA kI dRSTi se zrIdharacarita Alocya yuga ke mahAkAvyoM meM gaurava -- rasoM kI abhivyakti huI hai, maya pada para pratiSThita hai / kAvya meM prAyaH sabhI pramukha jo pAThaka ko vAstava meM prapAnaka rasa kA AsvAdana karAte haiM / zrIdharacarita kA aMgIrasa zRMgAra hai / zAntarasaparyavasAyI kAvya meM zRMgAra kI pradhAnatA svIkAra karane meM hicaka ho sakatI hai, kintu jaina paurANika mahAkAvyoM kI pravRtti kucha aisI hai ki 21. raghuvaMza, 6.67 tathA zrIdharacarita, 7.62

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zrIdharacarita : mANikyasundarasUri 375 inameM nAyaka tathA anya pAtra pahale viSayoM kA jI bhara kara bhoga karate haiM kintu, kAlAntara meM, kisI ghaTanA-vizeSa ke kAraNa virakti kA udaya hone se ve bhogavilAsa Adi samUcI AsaktiyoM ko chor3akara saMyamavrata grahaNa karate haiM aura usa sopAna se mukti kI aTTAlikA meM praveza karate haiN| zrIdharacarita meM zRMgAra kI yahI sthiti hai aura isI artha meM vaha kAvya kA aMgI rasa hai / mANikyasundara zRMgAra ke vividha pakSoM tathA sthitiyoM kA citraNa karane meM niSNAta haiN| svayambara meM Agata rAjAoM kI kAmajanya ceSTAoM ke varNana meM unake sAttvika bhAvoM kA manorama varNana kiyA gayA hai kintu unakA sarvottama nirUpaNa sulocanA kI usa sthiti ke citraNa meM huA hai, jaba vaha vijayacandra ko varamAlA pahinA kara AnandAtireka se abhibhUta ho jAtI hai|| sA romAlistambhe tuMgastanakalaza urasi bhavane nivezya yamasmarat taM dhyAnAdadhyakSIbhUtaM vijayanRpatikusumavizikhaM samIkSya sulocnaa| svedAmbhobhiH kluptasnAneva vimalavarataravaraNarajA pramadAkulA caMcadromAMcA taM ca drAk samucitamidamiti caturaH zazaMsa na tAM ca kaH // 7.77 unakI vivAhoparAnta kAmakeliyoM ke madhura citraNa meM sambhoga-zRMgAra kA hRdayagrAhI citraNa hai| vijayacandra, parivartita RtuoM ke anusAra, sulocanA ke sAtha bhoga-vilAsa meM magna rahatA hai| bhujopapoDaM bheje tAM vyaktarAgadharAmiva / zItakAle sa kAleyapaMkAlepaparAM bhRzam // 6.12 tapattau vrtulvyktmuktaaprlmbshiitle| zizye'sau candrazAlAsu tasyAH kAmyakucasthale // 6.13 sa nAbhIdaghnanIrAsu dIrghAkSIM dIrghikAsa tAM / kadApi ramayAmAsa marAla iva vAralAm // 6.14 anya adhikAMza jaina kaviyoM kI taraha mANikyasundara kA yaha zRMgAra-citraNa kevala aupacArikatA kA nirvAha pratIta hotA hai kyoMki usane kAvya meM jI bharakara nArI kI nindA kI hai| zRMgAra kI Asakti tathA jaina sAdhu kI virakti meM pUrNa tAdAtmya sambhava nahIM hai| phalataH mANikyasundara kI dRSTi meM nArI malamUtra ke pAtra ke atirikta kucha nahIM hai| isIliye kAmakeli meM AcUr3a nimagna vijayacandra bhI viSayabhoga ke pazcAttApa ke dvArA zRMgAra kI nissAratA pramANita karatA hai| zrIdharacarita meM vIrarasa kI bhI kucha aisI hI sthiti hai / kazmIranareza pratApa 22. purISamUtramUSAsu yoSAsu jaDatAbhRtaH / __ muhyanti mohanavyagrAH mahAmohavimohitAH // zrIdharacarita, 6.144 23. vahI, 6.168-173

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya ke netRtva meM nirAkRta rAjAoM aura vijayacandra ke yuddha meM vIrarasAtmaka rUr3hiyoM ko adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| kavi ne ghor3oM kI hinahinAhaTa, hAthiyoM kI ciMghAr3a, yoddhAoM ke bhujAsphoTa tathA dvandva-yuddha ke varNana meM hI vIrarasa kI caritArthatA mAnI hai| daivI zaktiyoM ke hastakSepa tathA atiprAkRtika tattvoM ne yuddha ko yathArtha kI apekSA kAlpanika banA diyA hai (8.17,16)! aura vijaya kI dayAlutA tathA zatru ko parAjita karane kI lAlasA ke antardvandva ne yuddha ko hAsyAspadatA kI sImA taka pahuMcA diyA hai (8.24) / vijaya dvArA prayukta avasvApinI vidyA se janya pramIlA se abhibhUta hokara vipakSI senA usakA prabhutva svIkAra karatI hai| yaha avizvasanIya sthiti hai, jise pAThaka se svIkAra karane kI apekSA kI gayI hai| alaukika zaktiyoM ke hastakSepa ne vijaya tathA vajradADha ke yuddha ko bhI kalpanAloka kI vastu banA diyA hai| udhara vijaya kI 'kRpA' yuddha ke uddezya para pAnI phera detI hai| vaha mRtajIvanI-vidyA se svapara donoM pakSoM ke mRta sainikoM ko punarjIvita kara detA hai aura puna: narasaMhAra ke pApa se bacane ke liye sainyayuddha kA parityAga karatA hai kintu dvandvayuddha meM donoM ora se Agneya, vAyavya Adi saMhAraka astroM kA khulakara prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| yaha calAyamAna AcaraNa usakI hiMsA ke prati janmajAta ghRNA tathA kAvya nAyaka ke vIrocita darpa kA samanvaya karane kI ceSTA ke dvandva ko pratibimbita karatA hai| zrIdharacarita ke kathAnaka kA paryavasAna zAntarasa meM huA hai| kAvya ke prAya: sabhI pAtra rAjya-vaibhava, viSayabhoga Adi sAMsArika bandhanoM ko chor3akara saMyama kA mArga grahaNa karate haiN| isake liye muni ke dharmopadeza athavA anya kisI vairAgyajanaka ghaTanA kI preraNA paryApta hai / bhogavilAsa meM pUrNatayA lipta vyakti ke hRdaya meM virakti ke udaya ke liye isa prakAra kI ghaTanA aparyApta athavA asamartha pratIta ho sakatI hai kintu yaha mAnava-manovijJAna ke pratikUla nahIM hai| atizaya bhoga kI pariNati yoga meM hotI hai| jaina kAvyoM kA uddezya pAThaka ko kavitA ke sarasa mAdhyama se vairAgya kI ora unmukha karanA hai| zRMgAra kA paryApta citraNa hone para bhI zrIdharacarita kA mUla svara nirveda kA svara hai| sAMsArika vaibhava tathA bhoga tAtkAlika sukha de sakate haiM kintu zAzvata Ananda saMyama evaM tyAga meM nihita hai, yaha prastuta kAvya kA saMcita sAra hai| kAvya ke isa uddezya ke anurUpa jayanta muni kI nivRttipradhAna dharmadezanA suna kara tathA unase saMyamazrI ke svarUpa kI yathArthatA jAnakara, daihika bhoga meM lIna vijayacandra sarvasva tyAga kara mokSa ke dvAra, pravrajyA meM praveza karatA hai| usakI yaha manaHsthiti nirbAdha bhoga se udvigna vyakti ke gAnasa kI dyotaka hai| usakI isa mAnasika sthiti kI bhUmi meM zAntarasa kI uddAma dhArA pravAhita 24. vahI, 8.432-436

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zrIdharacarita : mANikyasundarasUri 377 akSaH kelikRtA kAmakitavena samaM katham ? nArInitambaphalake hA mayA janma hAritam // 6.170 spRhayAmi tato nAhaM bAhyarAjyAya srvthaa| athAmI menire citta viSayA viSavanmayA // 6.176 bhavAmbudhestitIrSA me vuvUrSA saMyamazriyaH / mAramohAdizatrUNAM saMjihIrSA ca sAmpratam // 6.180 dhvajAMcalAbdhikallolacapalAgolavaccalaH / asAra eSa vyApAraH sAro dharmazca nizcalaH // 6.160 tapaHkhaDgadharo jitvA smarAri sati yauvne| saMyama saMjighRkSAmi pravayAH kiM kariSyati // 6.161 naveM sarga meM, kAmAsakta vijayacandra ko bhogavilAsa se virata karane ke liye saMyamazrI divyanArI ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotI haiN| tejapiNDa se prAdurbhUta usa gaurAMgI yuvatI ke citraNa meM adbhuta rasa kI niSpatti huI hai| jagarja gaganaM karNakaTubhijitastataH / netre nimIlayannasya tejaHpiNDaH papAta ca // 6.82 kAntividyullatAbhrAntikAriNI tArahAriNIm / candrAsyAM zubhrazRMgArAM calatkaMkaNakuNDalAm // 6.84 zukahastAM zritaskandhamarAladvayazAlinIm / kAMcit kAMcanagaurI sa vazAM vIkSya visiSmiye // 6.85 zrIdhara carita meM karuNa25, raudra tathA bhayAnaka rasoM kA bhI bhavya paripAka huA hai, jo ina rasoM ke citraNa meM kavi kI kuzalatA kA paricAyaka hai| prakRticitraNa zrIdharacarita ke phalaka para prakRticitraNa ko adhika sthAna nahIM milA hai| prathama pAMca tathA antima tIna sargoM meM to prakRti kI eka bhI jhalaka dikhAI nahIM detI / antima do sarga jisa koTi kI sAmagrI se bharapUra haiM, usameM prakRticitraNa jaisI saundaryAbhiruci kI abhivyakti kA avakAza hI nahIM hai| chaThe sarga meM kavi ne aSTApada, sUryodaya tathA ratnapura ke lalita varNanoM se mahAkAvya ke isa abhAva kI pUrti karane kI ceSTA kI hai / pratiSThita paramparA ke anurUpa mANikyasundara ne prakRticitraNa meM bahudhA kalAtmaka zailI kA prayoga kiyA hai| zrIdharacarita meM prakRti ke sahaja pakSa ke 25. vahI, 8.104-106 26. vahI, 8.127 27. vahI, 8.241-243

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378 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya citra atyanta durlabha haiN| sUryodaya kA prastuta varNana kAvya meM zAyada ekamAtra aisA citra hai jise svAbhAvika kahA jA sakatA hai| sUrya ke udaya se kumuda banda ho jAte haiM, kamala khila uThate haiM aura udayAcala kA zikhara sUrya kI nava kiraNoM se lAla ho jAtA hai / isa padya meM prAtaHkAlIna prakRti kA yaha sahaja rUpa aMkita hai| nimIlakaH kairaviNIvanAnAmunmIlakaH padmavanAlISu / bAlAMzukirmIritazailasAnurudeti rAjendrasahasrabhAnuH // 6.65 prakRti ke sahaja-saMzliSTa citra zrIdharacarita meM itane durlabha nahIM haiN| isa zreNI ke citroM meM vividha alaMkAroM kI bhitti para prakRti ke Alambana pakSa kA citraNa kiyA jAtA hai / alaMkAra prakRti ko AkrAnta karane kA prayatna karate haiM kiMtu kuzala kavi unameM santulana baiThAkara prakRti-citraNa kI prabhaviSNutA meM vRddhi karatA hai| zrIdharacarita meM prakRti ke kucha aise citra aMkita hue haiN| sUrya ke gaganAMgana meM praveza karate hI andhakAra chinna-bhinna ho jAtA hai| yaha ati sAmAnya dRzya hai jise kavi ne rUpaka, anuprAsa tathA upamA kI surucipUrNa yojanA se aise aMkita kiyA hai ki isakA saundarya anAyAsa prasphuTita ho gayA hai / uccaH karaM prAcyagirevihArI cikelissuyommhaatddaage| unmUlayanneSa tamastamAlIvibhAti hastIva gabhastimAlI // 6.63 mANikyasundara ne prakRti ko adhikatara mAnavI rUpa diyA hai| samAsokti alaMkAra isa dRSTi se atIva upayogI hai| mAnava-prakRti kI gahana pariciti tathA prakRti ke sUkSma adhyayana ke kAraNa kavi mAnava-jagat tathA prakRti kI bhAvanAoM evaM ceSTAoM meM Azcaryajanaka tAdAtmya sthApita karane meM saphala huA hai| sUryodaya ke prastuta citraNa meM candramA, sUrya tathA AkAza (dyauH) para kramazaH jAra, pati tathA nAyikA kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai| pati ke sahasA Agamana se jaise jAra jAna bacA kara bhAga jAtA hai, usI prakAra rAta bhara AkAza-nAyikA ko bhogane vAlA candramA, usake svAmI (pati) sUrya ko dekhakara sambhramavaza bhAga gayA hai aura AkAza-nAyikA rati ke kAraNa astavsta apane andhakAra-rUpI kezoM ko sameTa rahI hai| mAnavIkaraNa se, candramA ke asta hone tathA sUryodaya se andhakAra ke miTane kI sAdhAraNa ghaTanA meM adbhuta sajIvatA kA samAveza ho gayA hai / divaM zazAMkaH paribhajya mitrAgamAt palAyiSTa rayAt trapAluH / dhammilatAM sApi tamaHzirojabhAraM nayatyAzu ratiprakIrNam // 6.88 prakRti ko mAnavI rUpa dene meM kavi ne itanI tatparatA dikhAI hai ki usake adhikAMza citroM meM mAnavahRdaya kI thirakana sunAI par3atI hai| nimnokta padya meM kamaliniyA~ rAgavatI nAyikAoM kI bhA~ti bhramarAMjana AMja kara pravAsa se lauTe apane

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zrIdharacarita : mANikyasundarasUri pati kA svAgata kara rahI haiM / samAgataM vIkSya vidUradezAdinaM dinAdau kila padminImiH / saurabhyalIna bhramarAlidambhAdAnaMjire paMkajalocanAbhiH // 6.61 37e isa saMkSipta prakRtivarNana se spaSTa hai ki prAkRtika saundarya kA aMkana karane meM mANikyasundara siddhahasta hai / kAvya kA prakRticitraNa usakI paryavekSaNa zakti tathA prakRti-prema kA pratIka hai / saundaryavarNana mANikyasundara kI tUlikA ne mAnava-saundarya ke bhI abhirAma citra aMkita kiye haiM, jo prakRticitraNa kI bhA~ti, usakI kalAtmaka abhiruci tathA saundarya-bodha ke dyotaka haiM / zrIdharacarita meM nArI saundarya kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai / kavi ne paramparAgata nakhazikhapraNAlI se nArI ke aMgoM-pratyaMgoM kA citraNa nahIM kiyA hai| afree fafvadha alaMkAroM kA Azraya lekara usake saundarya ke samagra prabhAva kI abhivyakti kI hai / isa rIti se varNita kalAvatI kA saundarya rambhA aura gaurI ke lAvaNya ko bhI mAta karatA hai / zazimaNDalIva sakalA sakalakalAkelikeligRhamamalA / kamalA hareriva kalA kalAvatI tasya kAntAsIt // 2.11 bhIto hRdi sa kalaMka ki no birbhAta zazI / vIkSya yadAnanakamalaM na na kamalaM kalayati sma durgajalam // 2.14 yadrUpe'nurUpe nirUpite bobhavIti sma / rambhAraM bhArahitA gaurI gaurI ramApyaramA // 2.15 caritra citraNa zrIdharacarita meM aneka devI tathA mAnavI pAtroM kA jamaghaTa hai kintu unameM se adhikatara kSaNa bhara ke liye kAvya ke maMca para Ate haiM aura dRSTi se ojhala ho jAte haiM / pitA-putra jayacandra tathA vijayacandra ke atirikta anya kisI bhI pAtra ke caritra kA vikAsa nahIM ho sakA hai / jayacandra jayacandra maMgalapura kA kuzala tathA nyAyapriya zAsaka hai / nyAyaparAyaNatA ke kAraNa use prajA kA avicala vizvAsa prApta hai / usake pratApa ke sUrya ke samakSa zatru dIpaka kI bhA~ti niSprabha haiM / jayacandra dharmaparAyaNa vyakti hai / jinabhakti kI kalahaMsI grISma meM bhI usake hRdaya-sarovara meM yathAvat krIr3A karatI hai / usakI dharmaniSThA se prasanna hokara siddhapuruSa svayaM usake sabhAbhavana meM Akara use eka guTikA pradAna karatA hai, jisake prabhAva se use putra kI prApti hotI hai / siddhapuruSa kA vaha

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380 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya jo sammAnapUrvaka abhinandana karatA hai, vaha usake Atithya, ziSTatA tathA pUjya - pUjA kA pratIka hai| vijayacandra kAvyanAyaka vijayacandra kA caritra rAjocita vizeSatAoM ke atirikta katipaya durlabha mAnavIya sadguNoM se vibhUSita hai / vaha atIva sundara hai / yauvana- kokila ke kUkane para usakA zarIra lAvaNya kI vasantazrI se vyApta ho jAtA hai / vastutaH vaha zaracApahIna kAma hai / anupama sundariyA~ use dekhane mAtra se kAmAbhibhUta ho jAtI haiM / vijayacandra pitRvatsala putra hai / usakI AcArasaMhitA meM pitA kI AjJA anulaMghanIya hai / pitA kA sandeza milate hI vaha hastinApura kA samRddha rAjya tRNavat chor3akara turanta pitA kI rAjadhAnI lauTa AtA hai / pitA ke Adeza se hI vaha sulocanA ke svayaMvara meM bhAga lene ke lie ratnapura jAtA hai / vijayacandra kA hRdaya para duHkhakAtaratA tathA dayA ke adamya pravAha se AplAvita hai / vaha ratnAvalI ko naramedha ke bacAne ke lie niSThura yogI ko, usake badale meM, apanA mAMsa dene ko taiyAra hai / mRta yuvatI kanakamAlA ke svajanoM ke karuNa krandana se usakA komala hRdaya dravita ho jAtA hai / phalataH vaha use gAruDamaMtra se punarjIvita kara detA hai / para duHkhakAtaratA ke kAraNa hI vaha zaraNAgata kI rakSA karanA apanA karttavya samajhatA hai / nizAcara mahAkAla kI samasta dhamakiyoM tathA pralobhanoM ko ThukarA kara vaha zaraNAgata havya puruSoM ko naramedha se bacAne ke lie kRtasaMkalpa hai aura isake lie apane prANoM kI Ahuti dene ko bhI taiyAra hai / dUsare ke prANoM se apanI rakSA karanA to usake lie viSabhakSaNa ke samAna hai ( 6.61 ) 1 vaha rAjocita teja se sampanna hai / vArANasI - nareza to usake atizaya kI sUcanA-mAtra se Atma-samarpaNa kara detA hai / vajradADha Adi bhI usakI vIratA se bhUmisAt ho jAte haiM / avazya hI use ceTaka kI sahAyatA upalabdha hai, kintu ina vijayoM kA zreya usake bhujabala tathA sUjhabUjha ko kama nahIM hai / vaha dharmaparAyaNa yuvaka hai / yauvana meM munIzvara se apane bhAvI bhava tathA zivatvaprApti kI bhaviSyavANI sunakara vaha tatparatA se pArzvabhakti meM lIna ho jAtA hai / jayanta muni se saMyamazrI kA yathArtha svarUpa jAnakara usameM virakti kA udreka hotA hai aura vaha rAjasulabha vaibhava chor3akara dIkSA grahaNa kara letA hai / dRSTi antima do sargoM meM usake caritra meM aneka vaicitryoM tathA virodhoM kA samAveza hotA hai / bhUtoM kI vANI sunanA, mantrasAdhanA karanA, svecchA se rUpa-parivartana karanA Adi kucha aisI bAte haiM, jo eka lokakathA ke nAyaka ke lie adhika upayukta haiM / ina sargoM meM usakA AcaraNa manovaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI tarkasaMgata nahIM

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zrIdharacarita : mANikyasundarasUri 381 hai / vaha svAbhimAna kI rakSA ke lie yuddha karatA hai kintu parAjita hote samaya (aura vijayI hote hue bhI) usameM sahasA dayA kA udreka ho jAtA hai jisase usameM yuddha se virata hone kI lAlasA balavatI ho jAtI hai / isI prakAra vaha ghora vilAsa meM magna rahatA hai kintu kAlAntara meM, muni ke dharmopadeza se hI sahI, vaha saMsAra se ghRNA karane lagatA hai, apane pUrva AcaraNa para pazcAttApa karatA hai aura antataH jagat se virakta ho jAtA hai / sambhavataH isakA kAraNa kavi kI dolAyamAna cittavRtti hai / vaha apane nAyaka ko mahAkAvya-nAyaka ke anurUpa zaurya sampanna tathA yuddhavijayI banAnA cAhatA hai kintu usakI dhArmika AsthA use turanta hiMsA tathA saMsAra kI nazvaratA ke prati vidroha karane ko vivaza kara detI hai / vajradADha vajradADha ko kAvya kA pratinAyaka mAnA jA sakatA hai / vaha vijayacandra kA pUrvajanma kA agraja candra hai| zrIdhara (pUrvabhava kA vijayacandra) kI patnI gaurI ke prati anurakti ke kAraNa vaha sulocanA (gaurI) ko hara le jAtA hai| vajradADha parAkramI tathA balavAn hai / vijayacandra kI taraha use bhI daivI sahAyatA prApta hai / usake bhujabala se eka bAra to vijaya kI senA meM bhagadar3a maca jAtI hai| muni se apane pUrva bhava kA vRttAnta sunakara vaha sarvavirati svIkAra karatA hai| samAja-citraNa zrIdharacarita meM tatkAlIna samAja ke katipaya vizvAsoM, mAnyatAoM tathA anya gatividhiyoM kA kucha saMketa milatA hai| zakunoM kI phalavattA para samAja ko aTa vizvAsa thA / apazakunoM kA pariNAma bhayAvaha tathA anarthakArI mAnA jAtA thaa| vajradADha ne apazakunoM kI upekSA karake vijayacandra ke viruddha prayANa kiyA thaa| phalataH use parAjaya kA muMha dekhanA pdd'aa| Ajakala kI bhA~ti usa samaya bhI kAka kA svara priya ke Agamana kA sUcaka mAnA jAtA thaa| priya-milana ke lie adhIra yuvatiyA~ isIlie kavve ko svarNa-piMjare meM DAlakara usakI AvAja sunane ko lAlAyita rahatI thIM / 29 ___ratnAMgada ke putra-putrI ke pUrvabhava ke prasaMga meM, kAvya meM sahajAta bhAI-bahina ke vivAha kA ullekha hai / Azcarya yaha hai ki yaha vivAha unake pitA dvArA Ayojita kiyA gayA thA / parantu yaha sarvamAnya sAmAjika niyama kA apavAda pratIta hotA hai| samAja meM ise ghRNita tathA dharmanAzaka kukarma mAnA jAtA thaa|" 28. vahI, 8.363 26. vahI, 8.141 30. vahI, 8.55,61

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya kAvya meM naramedha tathA pazumedha kA vistRta varNana yadyapi vaidika dharma kI, " vizeSataH yajJavyavasthA kI khillI ur3Ane ke lie kiyA hai, kintu isase isa krUra prathA ke kisI rUpa meM pracalana kA saMketa avazya milatA hai / rAjA candrabala dvArA eka sAtha 108 vyaktiyoM kI bali dene kA ullekha kAvya meM AyA hai / " 382 yuddha meM pahalI rAta zastrajAgaraNa karane kI prathA thI / " zatrupakSa ko AtaMkita evaM parAbhUta karane ke lie yuddha meM anyAnya zastrAstroM ke atirikta vividha vidyAoM kA Azraya liyA jAtA thA, jo sadaiva nirdoSa nahIM thIM / vijayacandra ne pratApa ke netRtva meM lar3ane vAle rAjAoM ke sainikoM ko avasvApinI vidyA se sulAkara nizzastra kiyA thA / mRtajIvanI - vidyA ke bala se mRta sainikoM ko punarjIvita kiyA jAtA thA / vajradADha ke sAtha yuddha meM vijayacandra ne apane tathA vipakSa ke mRta yoddhAoM ko isI vidyA ke dvArA jIvana pradAna kiyA thA / 34 sainikoM ko samarAMgaNa meM prayANa karane kI sUcanA dene ke lie raNabherI bajAI jAtI thI / 15 kAvya se strIharaNa, agamyAgamana Adi kurItiyoM ke milatA hai, kintu unheM garhita tathA nindya mAnA jAtA thA / karane kA ullekha bhI kAvya meM AyA hai / " dharma kAvya meM dharmopadezoM ke antargata dharma ke katipaya sAmAnya siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / kAvya meM nirUpita vicAradhArA ke anusAra mAnavajIvana kA sAra dharma hai aura dharma kA marma dayA / dayA ko jo AyAma jaina dharma ne diyA, vaha anyatra durlabha hai / isIlie jaina dharma sarvazreSTha hai / dayA ke binA dharma usI taraha vyartha hai jaise putalI ke binA A~kha tathA jala ke binA sarovara / manuSya cAra vratoM kA pAlana kare athavA pAMca kA yA bAraha vrata dhAraNa kare ina prANoM se hai | ahiMsA (dayA) kA phala mokSa hai / " dUsare ke karanA viSabhakSaNa ke samAna hai / " 31. vahI, 8.216-220 32. vahI, 8.366 33. vahI, 8.24-25 pracalana kA bhI saMketa kaMThapAza se AtmahatyA 34. vahI, 8.400 35. vahI, 8.391 36. vahI, 8.167 37. vahI, 4.16-20 tathA 22 38. vahI, 6.61 saba kA mUlAdhAra dayA apane prANoM kI rakSA

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zrIdharacarita : mANikyasundarasUri 383 dharma samasta maMgala, sukha tathA yaza kA zAzvata srota hai / saMsAra meM manuSya ke paritrANa ke lie dharma se baDha kara koI anya upAya nahIM hai / ataH manuSya ko puNyArjana ke dvArA dharmArAdhana meM niSThApUrvaka tatpara rahanA caahie| bhavasAgara ko pAra karane ke liye dharma vizvasanIya naukA hai| sadAcAra usakA cappU hai| mohAndha loga yauvana meM dharmAcaraNa chor3a kara viSayoM meM Asakta rahate haiM parantu jo viSayoM ko tyAga kara kAlAntara meM bhI dharma kA pAlana karate haiM, ve bhI prazaMsA ke pAtra haiM / darzana zrIdharacarita meM kisI dArzanika siddhAnta kA kramabaddha vivecana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jaina darzana ke AdhArabhUta karmasiddhAMta kI aparihAryatA kI carcA kAvya meM avazya huI hai / jaba taka tapa dvArA karma kI nirjarA nahIM hotI, manuSya ko apane zubhAzubha karma kA phala anivAryataH bhoganA par3atA hai| satkarmoM se prerita dharma kA phala svarga hai / asatkarmoM ke kAraNa dharma tathA naya se bhraSTa hokara manuSya ko nArakIya yAtanAe~ bhoganI par3atI haiN| isa tathya ko kAvya meM bAra-bAra rekhAMkita kiyA gayA hai| kumAra vijayacandra apanI navavadhU ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana sunakara karmagati kI prabhaviSNutA se cakita raha jAtA hai / bhUpo vyacintayaccitte kIdRzaM bhavanATakam / jantavo yatra nRtyanti bahudhA nijkrmmiH|| 8.64 kAvya meM pratipAdita dharma tathA darzana kA sAra nimnokta padya se saMcita hai| sulabhaM jagati janma mAnuSaM tatra jainavacanaM sudurlabham / kazcideva labhate ca bhAgyavAn siddhinAyakasutAMgasaMgamam // 8.148 zrIdharacarita meM sAMkhya ke puruSa, yoga ke aSTAgoM tathA bauddhadarzana ke vijJAna, vAda kA bhI ullekha huA hai| bhASA zrIdharacarita kA pramukha AkarSaNa isakI madhura bhASA hai / mANikyasundara ne 36. vahI, 3.17 40. vahI, 6.74, 76 41. vahI, 8.542 42. vahI, 6.146-147 43. vahI, 8.50 44. vahI, 8.66 45. vahI, 8.65 46. vahI. kramazaH 8.23, 6.156 tathA 6.28

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384 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya mahAkAvya kI garimA kI rakSA karate hue jisa prAMjala bhASA kA prayoga kiyA hai vaha arastU ke bhASA-sambandhI Adarza kI pUrti karatI hai| madhyakAlIna saMskRta-kAvya meM bhASA kI yaha prAMjalatA kama dekhane ko milatI hai / zrIdharacarita kI bhASA Adyanta sauSThava tathA mAdhurya se ota-prota hai| isakA AdhAra anuprAsa tathA akliSTa yamaka kA saviveka prayoga hai / kAvya meM prAyaH sarvatra anuprAsa kI antardhArA pravAhita hai| zrIdharacarita meM, vizeSakara antima do sargoM meM, kavi kA AdhAraphalaka itanA vistRta hai ki usa para AkAza-pAtAla, nAgoM, vidyAdharoM, bhUtoM Adi kA ekasAtha citraNa kiyA gayA hai / zrIdharacarita meM, ina vividha sthitiyoM ke anupAta meM, bhASA kA vaividhya nahIM hai kintu mANikyasUndara prasaMga ko tadanukUla bhASA meM vyakta karane meM samartha hai| kuzala jar3iyA kI bhA~ti vaha prasaMga-vizeSa meM jisa bhASA ko TAMka detA hai, use, prasaMga kA saundarya naSTa kiye binA, parivartita karanA prAya: asambhava hai| apane zabdacayana ke kauzala ke kAraNa siddhahasta bunakara kI taraha jaba vaha prasaMgAnukUla zabdAvalI kA gumphana karatA hai. to svataH kAnta padAvalI kI sRSTi hotI calI jAtI hai / zrIdharacarita meM adhikatara jo bhASA prayukta huI hai, usameM vaha guNa vartamAna hai jisase citta meM dravIbhAva kA udreka hotA hai / isa prAMjalatA ke kAraNa mANikyasundara kI bhASA ko par3hate hI bhAvAvabodha ho jAtA hai / svayamvara meM upasthita rAjAoM ke paricayAtmaka varNana kI bhASA meM kahIM-kahIM to asIma komalatA tathA madhuratA hai / eka-do udAharaNa paryApta hoNge| amalakamalakomalavaravadanaM sphurdururucinijittrmdnm| gajapurapatimunnataguNasadanaM bhaja bhaja gajagAmini ! nRpamadanam / / 7.46 navayauvanakAnanakelikaraM karapallavanijitapadmavaram / vararatnamamuM vRNu sarvakalaM kalaya tvamatastaruNatvaphalam // 7.40 vairAgyajanaka pazcAttApa ke citraNa kI bhASA bhI isI saralatA tathA subodhatA se paripUrNa hai kintu usameM AtmaglAni kA mizraNa hai, jo pAtra kI viziSTa manodazA ke anurUpa hai / prabodhaprApti ke pazcAt vijayacandra ke ye udgAra isakA anUThA udA. haraNa prastuta karate haiN| kAntAMgadezaM romAlikAnanaM nAbhikandaram / vajatA viSayastenaiH hA mayA janma hAritam // 6.171 siddhapuruSa ke avataraNa-varNana kI bhASA sabhAsadoM ke kutUhala ko mUrta karane meM samartha hai| pArSadoM kI vikalpAtmaka manaHsthiti ke anurUpa ukta prakaraNa kI padAvalI UhA ko vyakta karatI hai| ayi ! ko'yamanuttaracchaviH kiM ravireti bhuvaM vihAyasaH ? atha pustakahastA tAM dadhat puMrUpaiva sarasvatI na kim ? // 2.23 bhASA-prayoga ke kauzala ne mANikyasundara kI varNanazakti ko sAmarthya pradAna kiyA hai| vaha pratyeka varNya viSaya kA rocaka tathA prabhAvI citraNa kara sakatA hai /

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zrIdharacarita : mANikyasundarasUri 385 aSTApada tathA ratnapura ke varNana isa dRSTi se ullekhanIya haiN| aSTApadaparvata ke zikharoM kI nIlamaNiyoM meM bimbita AkAza kI nIlimA aura gaharA gayI hai / vaha aisA pratIta hotA hai mAno bhagavAn viSNu zeSazayyA para so rahe hoN| ratnapura ke ratnanirmita mahaloM meM vitAnoM ke motiyoM kI praticchAyA pRthvI para par3a rahI hai / lagatA hai AkAza pRthvI para utara AyA hai| pratibimbita motiyoM ke rUpa meM tAre hI camaka rahe haiN| zrIdharacarita kI bhASA meM katipaya doSa bhI vidyamAna haiM, jinakI ora saMketa karanA Avazyaka hai / kAvya meM prayukta kucha rUpa vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se cintya haiM / 'tvayi rocate' (5.30), prekSataH (6.10)ha vAtum (6.46), sahan (8.68), suzrUSayan (8.167), sahantaH (6.134) Adi prayoga cyutasaMskAratva se dUSita haiM / mANikyasundara kI zuddhabhASA ke prayoga kI kSamatA ko dekhate hue ye vyAkaraNa-viruddha prayoga Azcaryajanaka haiM / yaha 'gacchataH skhalanam' hai athavA chandobhaMga se bacane ke liye jAnabUjha kara gaDhe gaye prayoga, nizcata kahanA sambhava nhiiN| zrIdharacarita meM yatra-tatra dezI zabdoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai-kaTAri (3.16), vAhyAlI (4.43), pIda (5.54); mADhiH (6.68), cuNDi (8.480), cuNitvA (6.88) / pANDitya-pradarzana mANikyasundara ne khaDgabandha, murajabandha, gomUtrikA Adi citrakAvya se bauddhika vyAyAma karAne kA prayAsa to nahIM kiyA hai, kintu vaha samavartI pravRtti se aprabhAvita nahIM raha sakA / paNDita-varga ke bauddhika raMjana ke liye usane chaThe sarga meM, pArzvastuti ke prasaMga meM, aise padyoM kI racanA kI hai jo yathArthataH citrakAvya na hote hue bhI usI pravRtti kA saMketa dete haiN| inameM kahIM kartA, karma, kriyA, vizeSaNa Adi chaha gupta haiM, kahIM teraha / koI padya nAmacitra kA udAharaNa prastuta karatA hai, to koI vibhramacitra kA / nimnAMkita padya meM trayodaza gupta haiN| kamalanAtha ! manoharahaMsavad bhavatamo'pi vibhA vibhavAlaya / guruguNavajagaurava ! te guNAnmama mudA stuvataH stutigocaram // 6.70 atra trayodaza guptAni, tathAhi 1. kaM-karmaguptam / 2. ala-kriyAguptam / 3. na-zabdaguptam / 4. atha-zabdaguptam / 5. mana:-karmaguptam / 6. harakriyAguptam / 7. haMsavat-arthaguptam / 8. vibhA-karmaguptam / 6. vibhosambodhanaguptam / 10. Alaya-kriyAguptam / 11. vraja-arthaguptam / 12. gau:kartRvizeSaNaguptam / 13. ava-kriyAguptam / nimnAMkita padya meM 'apabhraMzabhASAcitra' hai| 47. vahI, 6.56 48. vahI, 6.106

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386 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya moru haMsa mahasIhara mADI, rAhi mAnana zivena bhave tvat / Aja deva kiri pApa pakhAlI mohameSa na jalAzayapAlA // 6.74 ye padya vidvattA ko cunautI haiN| TIkA ke binA inakA vAstavika abhiprAya samajhanA vidvAnoM ke liye bhI sambhava nahIM hai| mANikyasundara ko dhanyavAda, usane ina padyoM ko svopajJa vyAkhyA se sugama banA diyA hai| AThaveM sarga meM, haMsI tathA vijayacandra ke vArtAlApa ke antargata, prahelikAoM tathA samasyApUrti se pAThaka ko camatkRta kiyA gayA hai| donoM kA eka-eka udAharaNa paryApta hogaa| pUjAyAH kiM padaM proktaM kRtajJo manyate ca kim ? ki priyaM sarvalokAnAmupadezo munestu kaH ? // 8.503 haMsI--"sukRtaM kAryam" atha purodhAH proce-'yUkayA galito gajaH' / haMsI-vaTapatrasthabAlasyodarasthaM cejjagattrayam / tadA'kasmAdidaM na syAd yUkayA galito gajaH // 8.505 alaMkAra-vidhAna alaMkAra kisa sImA taka bhAvAbhivyakti meM sahAyaka ho sakate haiM, isakA nidarzana zrIdharacarita kI alaMkAra-yojanA meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| jo bhAva anyathA dabe raha sakate the, ve vividha alaMkAroM kA sparza pAkara sahasA sphUrta ho gaye haiN| anuprAsa tathA yamaka kavi ke vizeSa alaMkAra haiM / kAvya ke adhikAMza meM ye do alaMkAra, kisI na kisI rUpa meM, sadaiva vidyamAna haiN| anya alaMkAroM meM bhI bahudhA ye anusyUta haiM / kavi kA anuprAsa usakA mAnasa-putra hai| kAvya ke paccAnaveM pratizata padyoM meM anuprAsa kA prayoga milegaa| anuprAsa kI surucipUrNa yojanA kAvya meM madhura jhaMkAra ko janma detI hai| vijayacandra ke vilAsavarNana meM anuprAsa kA mAdhurya darzanIya hai| ramaNo ramaNIyAMgI ramamANo ramAmayam / ramAramaNavanmene ramaNInAM maNimimAm // 6.35 antyAnuprAsa kA kAvya meM itanA vyApaka prayoga huA hai tathA isake itane madhura udAharaNa kAvya meM bhare par3e haiM ki pAThaka cayana karate samaya asamaMjasa meM par3a jAtA hai| do lalita udAharaNa pahale uddhRta kiye jA cuke haiM / yamaka ko bhI kAvya meM vyApaka sthAna milA hai| kavi ne abhaMga tathA sabhaMga donoM prakAra ke yamaka kA udAratA se prayoga kiyA hai| isa padya meM donoM koTiyoM kA yamaka prayukta kiyA hai| mANikyasundara ke yamaka meM prAyaH kliSTatA nahIM hai| isIliye yaha kAvya kI prabhAvazIlatA tathA saundaryavRddhi meM sahAyaka banA hai /

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zrIdharacarita : mANikyasundarasUri 387 sAbhUnnanu mA rajanI mArajanI sApyudeti mArajanI / rucinijitamArajanI na tatra talpaM mamAra janI // 8.188 zleSa se kAvya meM kliSTatA kA bhaya rahatA hai, ataH mANikyasundara ne zleSa kA bahuta kama prayoga kiyA hai| kAvya meM yadyapi abhaMga tathA samaMga donoM prakAra kA zleSa dRSTigata hotA hai kintu vaha durUhatA se mukta hai| abhaMga zleSa kA eka rocaka udAharaNa dekhie nizi dhvAnte bhujaMgena gRhItA karapallave / jIvitenojjhitA yuktaM sA yAti pitRmandiram // 4-67 zrIdharacarita meM arthAlaMkAra bhI bhAvAbhivyakti ke sAdhana haiN| unheM balapUrvaka kAvya meM ThUsane kA duSprayAsa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| upamA yadyapi kavi kA priya alaMkAra nahIM hai phira bhI zrIdharacarita meM kucha manorama upamAe~ prayukta huI haiN| kahIMkahIM anya alaMkAroM ke sAtha usakA saMkara hai (6.44) / sadyaHsnAtA sulocanA ke varNana meM upamA se preSaNIyatA AI hai| snAna ke pazcAt zarIra se jalakaNa pauMchane para kaMcanavarNI galocanA prabhAtavelA ke samAna pratIta hone lagI jisameM tArAgaNa asta ho gaye haiM (7.3) / nimnokta upamA sAhityazAstra tathA vyAkaraNa para AdhArita hai / isameM vijayacandra tathA usake sAtha vairAgya grahaNa karane vAle mantriyoM kI tulanA kramazaH aucitya evaM guNa tathA sUtra evaM vAttikoM se kI gaI hai| rAjarSi mukhyAstadbhaktidakSAste'pi tamanvaguH / sarve guNA ivaucityaM sUtraM vA vAttikAdayaH // 6.226 mANikyasundara ne varNya bhAvoM ko spaSTa banAne ke liye kAvya meM ullekha; asaMgati, vyAjokti; vizeSokti, sahokti, svabhAvokti, sAra, kArakadIpaka, parisaMkhyA; virodhAbhAsa, prativastUpamA, yathAsaMkhya tathA rUpaka Adi kA saTIka prayoga kiyA hai| prastuta zloka meM sveda Adi sAttvika bhAvoM ke gopana ke liye svayamvara meM AyA eka rAjA, garmI ke vyAja se paMkhA karane lagatA hai| yaha vyAjokti hai| dharApatiH ko'pi smarAturaH smarannimAM sAttvikadharmasaMkulaH / aho mahoSmeti vadannacIcalat kareNa kelivyajanaM muhurmuhuH // 7.17 virodhAbhAsa se maMgalapuravAsiyoM kA svarUpa sAkAra ho gayA hai / ve ziva hote hue bhI rudra nahIM, kAttikeya hote hue bhI svAmI nahIM aura lakSmIpati hote hue bhI vaikuNThavAsI nahIM haiN| zivarUpo'pi na rudro na ghanasuhRdvAhano'pi svAmI / yatra nyavizata loko lakSmIkAnto na vaikuNThaH // 2.7 nimnokta padya meM varNita vastuoM kA uttarottara utkarSa batalAne ke kAraNa sAra' alaMkAra hai|

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya asmin saMsAre sAraM tAvannRNAM bhavaH / tatrApi dharmo dharme'pi kRpAM viddhi nRpAMgaja // 4.18 ratnAMgada ke rAjya kI suvyavasthA kA nirUpaNa parisaMkhyA para AdhArita hai| yahA~ bhArabhIti kA caurabhIti tathA zatrubhIti se vyavaccheda kiyA gayA hai / naktaM dine vA divasAvasAne tnmnnddle'dhvnydhshcrntii| vibhUSaNaM muMcati bhArabhItyA na caurabhItyA na ca zatrubhItyA // 6.30 sUryodaya ke varNana meM kavi ne prakRti para mAnava vyavahAra ke Aropa se samAsokti kA paryApta prayoga kiyA hai, isakA saMketa prakRti-citraNa ke prasaMga meM kiyA jA cukA hai| isa padya meM prastuta candramA, sUrya tathA AkAza para kramazaH aprastuta jAra, pati tathA nAyikA ke vyavahAra kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai| divaM zazAMkaH paribhujya mitrAgamAt palAyiSTa rayAt trapAluH / dhammilatAM sApi tamaHzirojabhAraM nayatyAzu ratiprakIrNam // 6.88 zrIdharacarita kA zAstrapakSa-chandavidhAna zAstrakAvya kI bhA~ti zrIdharacarita kavi ke chandazAstra ke pANDitya kA darpaNa hai / mANikyasundara kA uddezya caritavarNana ke sAtha-sAtha chandoM ke prAyogika udAharaNoM se vidvAnoM ko camatkRta karanA hai / isa dRSTi se zrIdharacarita kI zAstrakAvyoM meM gaNanA karanA nyAyocita hogaa| ka ike vicAra meM lakSyalakSaNa-sahita chandoM kA pradarzana dugdhatulya kAvya meM zarkarA ke samAna hai / isIliye usane apane chandazAstra kA kAvya meM vidhivat vivecana kiyA hai| prathama sarga meM chandazAstra ke AdhArabhUta niyamoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / isameM ATha gaNoM kI vyavasthA tathA unake krama kA vidhAna, chandoM kA mAtrA tathA varNavRttoM meM vibhAjana, varNavRttoM ke upabheda, gurulaghu akSaroM kA vidhAna tathA chabbIsa jAtiyoM kA ullekha hai / ekAkSara pAda meM ekaeka akSara kI vRddhi karake bhinna-bhinna chanda ho jAte haiM / pAda meM akSaravRddhi taba taka ho sakatI hai jaba taka chabbIsa akSara vAlA pAda na ho jaae| chabbIsa akSara kI jAti se Age caNDavRSTi se daNDaka taka chanda kahe gaye haiN| kathita chandoM se anya chanda 'gAthA' hai, zeSa SaTpadikA Adi / mANikyasundara kA yaha vivaraNa vRttaratnAkara ke anusAra hai / kevala saMyukta ra ke pUrvavartI akSara kI sthiti ke viSaya meM donoM meM matabheda hai| jahA~ vRttaratnAkara meM saMyuktAkSara se pUrva sthita pratyeka akSara ko guru mAna kara saMyukta ra se pahale akSara ko kevala vizeSa paristhiti meM hrasva mAnane kA vidhAna 46. kRtapaNDitasauhityaM sAhityaM vacmi kiMcana / vahI, 6.15 50. lakSyalakSaNasaMyuktaM chandaso yatpradarzanam / - snigdhadugdhasame granthe nanaM taccAruzarkarA // vahI, 1.16 51. vahI, 1.24-25

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zrIdharacarita : mANikyasundarasUri hai, mANikyasundara sarvatra usakI hrasvatA ke pakSa meM haiM / 1 prathama sarga meM AdhArabhUta niyamoM ke nirUpaNa ke pazcAt mANikyasundara ne dvitIya sarga meM AryA, atyAryA, gIti, udgIti, upagIti, AryAgIti, vaitAlIya, prAcyavRtti, cAruhAsinI tathA aparAntikA ke lakSaNa diye haiM, jinheM dUsare tathA tIsare sarga meM udAhRta kiyA gayA hai / caturtha sarga meM zloka, vAnavAsikA, mAtrAsamaka, upacitrA, citrA, pAdAkulaka, vadanaka, aDillA aura paddhaTikA kI paribhASA dI gayI hai, jinake prAyogika udAharaNa pAMcaveM sarga ke anta taka calate haiM / chaThe sarga meM kavi ne ekAkSarI 'zrI' se lekara 35 varNoM ke caNDakAla taka samavRttoM, AkhyAnakI, viparIta AkhyAnakI, puSpitAgrA, upacitra, hariNaplutA, aparavaktra tathA drutamadhyA arddhasamavRttoM aura padacatururdhva, SaTpadI tathA viSamAkSarA viSamavRttoM lakSaNoM kI vistRta tAlikA dI hai / inake udAharaNa saptama sarga ke anta taka calate haiM / AThaveM sarga ke Arambha meM AryA Adi chandoM kA prastAra samajhAyA gayA hai / tatpazcAt usake 'naSTa' tathA 'uddiSTa' nAmaka bhedoM kA lakSaNa aura samavRttoM ke prastAra Adi kI vidhi kA nirUpaNa hai / kAvya ke kalevara meM inheM udAhRta karanA mAnava - kauzala tathA kSamatA se bAhara hai / ata: mANikyasundara ne unake saiddhAntika vivecana se hI santoSa kiyA hai / isa prakAra zrIdharacarita meM kAvya tathA chandazAstrIya grantha ( lakSaNagrantha) kA anUThA samanvaya hai / sambhavataH isa uddezya se racita yahI ekamAtra mahAkAvya hai / prathama sarga kI racanA zArdUlavikrIDita, sragdharA, AryA, upajAti, rathoddhatA tathA anuSTupa meM huI hai / dvitIya sarga meM AryA, atyAryA, gIti, udgIti, upagIti, AryAgIti, vaitAlIya, aupacchandasika, prAcyavRtti, vaitAlIya cAruhAsinI, aupacchandasika cAruhAsinI, vaitAlIyAparAntikA, aupacchandasikAparAntikA, hariNI tathA bhujaMgaprayAta, ye paMdraha chanda prayukta kiye gaye haiM / tRtIya sarga kA mukhya chaMda aparAntikA hai / antima do padya kramazaH upajAti tathA zArdUlavikrIDita chanda meM haiM / caturtha sarga meM 'mukhyataH anuSTup kA prayoga huA hai / sargAnta ke do padya kramazaH mAlinI tathA zikhariNI meM racita haiM / paMcama sarga meM prayukta 14 chandoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiManuSTup, upajAti, svAgatA, AryA (!), vAnavAsikA, mAtrAsamaka, upacitrA, citrA, pAdAkulaka, vadanaka, aDillA, paddhaTikA, zArdUlavikrIDita tathA zikhariNI / chaThe sarga kI racanA meM 24 chandoM ko AdhAra banAyA gayA hai| unake nAma haiM - uktA jAti kA zrI, strI, nArI, kanyA, zazivadanA, madhu, vidyunmAlA, halamukhI, zuddhavirAT, rukmavatI, mattA, ekarUpa, dodhaka, gyAraha akSarI zrI, bhadrikA, indravajrA, upendravajrA, saMkara 52. vRttaratnAkara, bhAradvAja pustakAlaya, lAhaura, 1637, 1.6-11, zrIdharacarita, 1.21 1 53. vRttaratnAkara meM aDillA tathA paddhaTikA chanda nahIM haiM / 386

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 360 ( upajAti), mAlinI, drutavilambita, svAgatA, rathoddhatA, anuSTup tathA shaarduulvikriiddit| saptama sarga meM chandavaividhya carama sImA ko pahu~ca jAtA hai| isameM prayukta 55 chanda isa prakAra haiM- samavRtta: svAgatA, rathoddhatA, zAlinI, vaMzastha, indravaMzA, upajAti, drutavilambita, mauktikadAma, toTaka, bhujaMgaprayAta, tragviNI, vaizvadevI, tAma-, rasa, candravartma, sudatta, vasantatilakA, praharaNakalikA, maNiguNanikara, mAlinI, mRdaMga, kAmakrIDA, priyaMvadA, pramitAkSarA, jaladharamAlA, maNimAlA, praharSiNI, nandinI, rucirA, vANitI, zikhariNI, hariNI, pRthvI, mandAkrAntA, kusumitalatA, meghavisphU - jitA, zArdUlavikrIDita, suvadanA, sragdharA, bhadraka, azvalalita, tanvI, krauMcapadA, bhujaMgavijRmbhita, caNDavRSTidaNDaka, caNDakAla / arddhasamavRtta : AkhyAna kI, viparItAkhyAnakI, puSpitAgrA, upacitra, hariNAplutA, aparavaktra, drutamadhyA / viSamavRtta: padacatururva, SaTpadI, viSamAkSarA / aSTama sarga kA mukhya chanda anuSTup hai / sragdharA, AryA, vasantatilakA, upajAti, vaMzastha, zikhariNI tathA zArdUlavikrIDita isa sarga meM prayukta anya chanda haiM / naveM sarga meM bhI zloka kA prAdhAnya hai / isake atirikta isa sarga meM upajAti, indravajrA, rathoddhatA, zArdUlavikrIDita tathA zikhariNI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / saba milAkara zrIdharacarita meM 66 chanda prayukta kiye gaye haiM / nissandeha prastuta kAvya kavi ke agAdha chaMdazAstrIya pANDitya kA pratIka hai / chandoM ke prAyogika udAharaNa prastuta karane ke kAraNa zrIdharacarita chandoM ke bodha ke liye lakSaNagranthoM se bhI adhika upayogI hai / zrIdharacarita paurANika kAvya hotA huA bhI zAstrIya kAvya kA Ananda detA hai / chandoM ke viniyoga kI dRSTi se yaha zAstra - kAvya kA sparza karatA hai / mANikyasundara pratibhAzAlI tathA suruci sampanna kavi hai / usake uddezya tathA dhArmika vRtti ne yadyapi usakI pratibhA ko sImita kiyA hai tathApi vaha aise kAvya kI racanA karane meM saphala huA hai, jo samartha kavitva, kamanIya kalpanA tathA madhura bhASA ke kAraNa sAhitya meM sammAnita pada kA pAtra hai / pariziSTa zrIdharacarita meM prayukta kucha chandoM ke lakSaNa tathA udAharaNa : 1. vAnavAsikA : mAtrASTakAt nle je vA vAnavAsikA / atho narendraH pradhAnavargAn, mahotsavAnAM vidhau nyadIkSat / vibhUSitaM taiH puraM ca caMca dhvajavrajAdyaiH samaM samantAt / / 5.48 2. vadanaka : SaTkalAccatuSkaladvayaM tato dve kale vadanakam / puratazcAcaliradbhutarUpaM, varNayati sma guNairiti bhUpam / mAgadhajanatA valitagrIvaM taM pazyantI mahasA pIdam / / 5.54

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zrIdharacarita : mANikyasundarasUri 361 3. aDillA : tadyamitamante'DillA / bhujabalakalitA'khilavasudhAkara ! dezasthitabahumaNivasudhAkara ! dAnakalA divamiva na sudhA kara mujjhati tava nijavaMzasudhAkara !! 5.55 4. paddhaTikA : catuSkalacatuSkaM pAdAnte'nuprAse paddhaTikA / nAtra viSame jaH kAryo'nte tu jaH caturlo vA // jayacandradhavalakIrtipUra ! jaya candravadana ! rucivijitasUra ! jaya candrakalAmbujarAjahaMsa ! jaya vijayacandra ! vIrAvataMsa ! // 5.57 5. zrI : jAtau g shrii| gIH zrIH dhIH stAt / 6.1 6. halamukhI : r na sa halamukhI pUrvazaila iva taraNi vindhyazaila iva kariNam / aMkagaM kSaNamatha vahannatha narapatirabhAt // 6.6 7. sudattam : syo sjo gaH sudattam / samare yazobIjamivoptamarvatAM, halavat khuraiH kSuNNamahItale'dhunA / 7.47 8. mRdaGga : ta bhau jo ro mRdaGgaH / / Anandayatvatha manastava saiSa maithila zcandrAnane ! kamalacandra iti kSitIzvaraH / 7.52 6. krauMcapadA : bha ma snA nau nau gaH krauMcapadA dvizarairvasumunibhizca / zaMkaramAnandAdiva gaurIM smaraparibhavakarazucirucinikara vIkSya marAlIjaitragati tAM vijayanRpatimabhisaramasacalitAm / 7.76 10. caNDavRSTi : nau sapta raashcnnddvRssttiH|| kulamamalamidaM dharAmaNDale dhanyamikSvAkuratnAMgadakSmApaterbandhuraM, jagati khalu sulocanA kanyakA sApi dhanyA vRtaM suSThu ityugiranto giram // 7.78 11. caNDakAla: jaladaravajaitranirghoSanirdoSavizvauka santoSakRccaMgaraMganmRdaMgAdivAdyAni nedustadA, lalitavacanabuMdhA mAgadhAste sudhAsannibhaM sAramAzIrvaca: proccarante sma vismeracittA mudA / 7.76 12. AkhyAnakI : oje tau jo gau yuji ja ta jA gau aakhyaankii| AnandayatrAnanakaravANi vareNyarAjendunirIkSakANAm / nistandracandrAtapavat prasasiriti kSaNastatra babhUva bhUyAn / / 7.80

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362 13. SaTpadI : jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya akuNThotkaNThamapyasyAzleSasaukhyaM siSeviSuH, kaNThe varasrajaM nyasya varasya valitA vadhUH / alpArambhA kSemakarA iti rItimivAsmarat / / 7.86

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20. yazodharacaritra : padmanAbhakAyastha yazodhara kI suprasiddha kathA para AdhArita padmanAbhakAyastha kA yazodharacarita Alocya yuga kA rocaka paurANika mahAkAvya hai| yazodhara, jIvahatyA ke jaghanya pApa ke kAraNa nAnA adhama yoniyoM meM bhaTaka kara, apanI putravadhU ke garbha se abhayaruci ke rUpa meM janma letA hai / abhayaruci kA vaktavya hI yazodharacaritra hai| kAvya meM adhikatara abhayaruci ke bhavAntaroM kI kathA vaNita hone se vartamAna zIrSaka isakI kathAvastu para pUrNatayA lAgU nahIM hotaa| padmanAbha kA lakSya kAvya ke vyAja se jainadharma ke siddhAntoM kA vizleSaNa karake janatA ko Ahata dharma kI ora pravRtta karanA hai / isIlie kAvya meM kavi kA pracAravAdI svara adhika mukhara hai / yazodhara caritra kI kucha hastapratiyA~ Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura meM upalabdha haiN| unameM se eka prati (saMkhyA 611) hameM adhyayanArtha DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla ke saujanya se prApta huI thii| 12 x 53 iMca AkAra ke cAlIsa patroM kI yaha prati zuddha tathA spaSTa hai / usI ke AdhAra para yaha vivecana prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| yazodharacaritra kA mahAkAvyatva yazodharacaritra ke pratyeka sarga kI puSpikA meM ise AgrahapUrvaka mahAkAvya kahA gayA hai / isake racayitA ne mahAkAvya ke bAhyAbAhya lakSaNoM kA pAlana bhI kiyA hai / yazodharacaritra ke maMgalAcaraNa ke tIna padyoM meM caMdraprabha tathA ratnatraya kI vandanA kI gayI hai| pUrvavartI tathA paravartI aneka kaviyoM kI racanAoM kA viSaya hone ke kAraNa isake kathAnaka ko 'prakhyAta' mAnanA ucita hai / nAyaka yazodhara rAjavaMza meM utpanna avazya huA hai, kintu kAvya meM usakA vyaktitva usake pUrvabhavoM ke varNanoM se isa taraha pariveSTita hai ki usameM una guNoM kA vikAsa nahIM huA, jinake AdhAra para use paramparAgata nAyakoM kI zreNI meM rakhA jA sake / sAmAnyataH use dhIraprazAnta kahA jA sakatA hai / paurANika kAvya hone ke nAte isameM zAntarasa kI pradhAnatA hai / zRMgAra, bhayAnaka, bIbhatsa tathA adbhuta rasa, aMgI rasa se milakara, kAvya kI rasavattA ko tIvra banAte haiN| yazodharacaritra jainadarzana kI garimA ke pratipAdana tathA jinadharma ke pracAra kI adamya bhAvanA se anuprANita hai / kAvya kA zIrSaka abhayaruci ke pUrvajanma ke nAma (yazodhara) para Azrita hai / yaha pUrNatayA zAstrasammata to nahIM hai kintu isase mahAkAvya ke svarUpa para AMca nahIM aatii| isake prAyaH sabhI sarga mukhyataH anuSTup meM nibaddha hai / yaha arastU ke chanda-sambandhI Adarza ke adhika anukUla hai| isakI sahaja

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364 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya sarala bhASA kAvya ke lie anupayukta nahIM hai| Rtu, udyAna, prabhAta, sUryodaya Adi ke mahAkAvyocita varNana yazodharacaritra ke kathAnaka ko nIrasatA se bacAne meM sahAyaka haiN| isa prakAra isameM, nATayasandhiyoM ko chor3akara, mahAkAvya ke sabhI tattva vidyamAna haiM / ataH yazodharacaritra ko mahAkAvya mAnanA upayukta hai| yazodharacaritra kI paurANikatA yazodharacaritra paurANika mahAkAvya hai| paurANika kAvyoM kI pramukha pravRtti, bhavAntaroM kA varNana, isameM paga-paga para parilakSita hotI hai| kAvya meM prAya: sabhI pAtroM ke pUrva tathA bhAvI janmoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai tathA vartamAna ke sadasat karmoM tathA pravRttiyoM ko pUrvajanma se niyantrita mAnA gayA hai| gandharvarAja ke mantrI kA putra, jitazatru, yazodhara ke rUpa meM janma letA hai| usakI patnI gandharvazrI amRtamatI banatI hai| kubar3A hAthIvAna pUrvajanma meM gandharvazrI kA devara bhIma thaa| usake sAtha yauna sambandha hone ke kAraNa amRtamatI usa vikalAMga para anurakta ho jAtI hai / yazodhana, prANivadha ke kAraNa nikRSTa yoniyoM meM par3akara, dAruNa yAtanAe~ jhelatA hai tathA ajA ke rUpa meM utpanna apanI mAtA ko bhogatA hai| munikanyA apanI vipatti ko pUrvabhava ke kisI kukarma kA phala mAnatI hai| paurANika kAvyoM kI bhA~ti isameM 'uktaM ca' kahakara pArAzara, uzanA: Adi zAstrakAroM ke vacana, ahiMsA ke samarthana meM, uddhRta kiye gaye haiM / yazodharacaritra meM Arhata dharma ko sarvottama dharma tathA arhat ko parama deva kI padavI dI gayI hai| paurANika racanAoM ke samAna yazodharacaritra kI kathA kA paryavasAna zAntarasa meM hotA hai| kAvya ke prAyaH sabhI pAtra pApa se paritrANa pAne tathA jIvana kA carama sukha prApta karane ke lie cAritryavrata grahaNa karate haiN| kavi-paricaya tathA racanAkAla yazodharacaritra se isake lekhaka padmanAbha ke sambandha meM itanA hI jJAta hotA hai ki usane jaina darzana kA adhyayana bhaTTAraka guNakItti ke sAnnidhya meM kiyA thA tathA inhIM kI preraNA se vaha kAvyakalA meM pravRtta huA thaa| yazodharacaritra kI racanA gopAdri (gvAliyara)-nareza vIramendra ke rAjyakAla meM', usake mahAmAtya kuzarAja ke anurodha se kI gayI thii| isa tathya kA ullekha kavi ne pratyeka sarga kI puSpikA meM kiyA hai| sarga ke prArambha meM kuzarAja kA AgrahapUrvaka prazastigAna karane kA yahI tAtparya hai / pUrva-vivecita hammIramahAkAvya ke prasaMga meM kahA gayA hai, yaha tomaravaMzIya 1. yazodharacaritra, 8.180 2. vahI, 6.107 3. kAvyaprazasti, 4 4. iti yazodharacAritre......"mahAkAvye sAdhuzrIkuzarAjakArApite....... /

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yazodharacaritra : padmanAbhakAyastha 365 zAsaka san 1422 taka vartamAna thaa| amarakItti ke SaTkarmopadeza kI Amera prati meM, jo saM0 147 (san 1422) meM likhI gayI thI, gvAliyara meM vIramadeva ke rAjya kA ullekha hai| AcArya amRtacandra kI tattvadIpikA (pravacanasAra kI TIkA) bhI vIrama ke zAsanakAla meM (san 1412 meM) likhI gayI thii| pUrvanirdiSTa yukti ke anusAra vIrama kA rAjyakAla 1382 se 1422 I0 taka mAnA jA sakatA hai| pratIta hotA hai, padmanAbha kAyastha tathA AcArya amRtacandra, nayacandrasUri ke avaraja samavartI vidvAna the / isase yaha mAnanA tarkasaMgata hogA ki yazodharacaritra pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM, san 1400 se 1422 I0 taka, kisI samaya likhA gayA hogaa| isa prakAra vIrama ke rAjyakAla ko, sAhitya ko do mahattvapUrNa kAvya pradAna karane kA gaurava prApta hai| kathAnaka yazodharacaritra nau sargoM kA mahAkAvya hai, jisameM pUrvajanma ke yazodhara kI kathA vaNita hai| prathama sarga meM yaudheyadeza ke antarvartI rAjapura kA zAsaka mAridatta, khecarI vidyA prApta karane ke liye, yogI bhairavAnanda kI duSpreraNA se, kAlI ko narabali se prasanna ka ne kI yojanA banAtA hai| usake anucara eka munikumAra tathA munikanyA ko pakar3akara lAte haiN| unakI saumya AkRti tathA vAkkauzala se prabhAvita hokara mAridatta unheM chor3a detA hai tathA unakA paricaya prApta karane kA Agraha karatA hai| dvitIya sarga se munikumAra kA Atmaparicaya prArambha hotA hai, jo kAvya kA mukhya pratipAdya hai| munikumAra pUrvajanma kA ujjayinI-nareza yazodha kA putra yazodhara hai / usakA vivAha virATanagarI ke zAsaka vimalavAhana kI rUpavatI kanyA amRtamatI se huA thA / tRtIya sarga meM mahArAja yazodha palita keza ko vArdhakya kA agradUta mAnakara pravrajyA grahaNa kara lete haiM tathA rAjya kA zAsanasUtra yazodhara ko sauMpa dete haiN| amRtamatI se yazodhara ko eka putra, yazomati, kI prApti hotI hai| amRtamatI kubar3e hAthIvAna kI gAyana-kalA para mugdha hokara use AtmasamarpaNa kara detI hai / eka dina svayaM yazodhara use kubar3e ke sAtha ramaNa karatI dekhatA hai| caturtha sarga meM vaha isa apamAna se Ahata ho jAtA hai kintu apanI vyAkulatA ko duHsvapna kA pariNAma batAkara usake zamana ke liye, hiMsA ko ghora pApa mAnatA huA bhI, mAtA ke Agraha se, kuladevatA ko piSTi kA eka murgA bheMTa karatA hai aura use devatA kA prasAda samajha kara khA jAtA hai kulaTA amRtamatI apane pati yazodhara aura usakI mAtA caMdramatI ko viSa dekara mAra detI hai| pAMcaveM sarga meM yazodhara tathA candramatI ke bhavAntaroM kA varNana hai / jIvahatyA ke phalasvarUpa ve zvAna, matsya, aja Adi nikRSTa yoniyoM meM bhaTakate haiM / chaThe sarga meM unakA jIva kukkuToM ke rUpa meM janma letA hai, jinakA pAlana5. jainagraMtha-prazasti-saMgraha, bhAga 1, prastAvanA, pR0 7

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya poSaNa eka cANDAla karatA hai| muni sudatta unake pUrva-bhavoM kA varNana karatA hai / ve marakara yazomati kI patnI kI kokha se abhayaruci tathA abhayamatI ke rUpa meM paidA hote haiM / sAtaveM sarga meM muni se apane pitA tathA pitAmahI kI, bhavAntaroM meM, durgati kA hRdayadrAvaka varNana sunakara yazomati kA mana AtmaglAni se bhara jAtA hai / muni se pratibodha pAkara vaha tApasavrata grahaNa karatA hai| AThavA~ sarga jaina darzana ke siddhAMtoM kI vivecanA se bharapUra hai / abhayaruci se hiMsA ke duSpariNAma sunakara devI caNDamArI tathA mAridatta ko bhI apane kukRtyoM se glAni hotI hai| naveM sarga meM, mAridatta kI prArthanA se, muni sudatta, candramatI, amRtamatI, mAridatta, azokalatA Adi sabake pUrva bhavoM kA varNana karate haiM / mAridatta tathA devI muni se tApasa vrata grahaNa karate haiM aura sabhI marakara sadgati ko prApta hote haiN| yazodharacaritra kA kathAnaka TheTha paurANika rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / ataH isameM anviti kA abhAva hai / jo kathAsUtra kAvya ke tAnebAne ke AdhAra haiM, ve bahuta DhIle tathA asaMbhava-se haiM / kAvya ke tIna sarga mukhya pAtroM ke bhavAntoM ke varNanoM tathA dArzanika siddhAntoM ke pratipAdana para vyaya kara diye gaye haiN| anya sarga bhI gauNa pAtroM ke pUrva-janmoM ke varNanoM se bhare par3e haiM / vastutaH, kavi kA uddezya karmasiddhAnta kI aparihAryatA kA nirUpaNa karanA hai| kAvya ke vividha pAtroM ke janma-janmAntaroM ke karmoM aura unase prApta phaloM kA varNana karake isI uddezya kI pUrti kI gayI hai| isa zailI se nirUpita kathAnaka meM susambaddhatA kA abhAva svAbhAvika hai / saca to yaha hai ki yazodharacaritra kI kathAvastu mahAkAvya ke adhika anukUla nahIM hai, yadyapi isakA purANa-prathita rUpa yahI hai| rasavidhAna jaina paurANika kAvyoM kA parokSa lakSya kavitA ke vyAja se Arhata dharma kA pracAra karanA hai| isIliye inameM eka ora pAtroM ke pUrva-bhavoM kA savistAra varNana kiyA jAtA hai, jisase unake vartamAna janma kI sadasat pravRttiyoM kA pUrva janmoM ke zubhAzubha karmoM ke sAtha saMbaMdha jor3akara karmavAda kI aTalatA kA pratipAdana kiyA jA jA sake, dUsarI ora pAThaka meM saMvegotpatti ke lie jagat kI asAratA tathA dhanavaibhava kI duHkhamayatA kA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai| yazodharacaritra meM ina donoM vidhiyoM ko uddezya kI pUrti kA sAdhana banAyA gayA hai| isameM bhogoM kI bhaMguratA tathA vairAgya ke zAzvata sukha kA saprayatna pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, jisase abhibhUta hokara kAvya ke prAyaH sabhI pAtra zivatva-prApti ke lie pravrajyA grahaNa karate haiN| ina prasaMgoM ke citraNa meM svabhAvataH zAntarasa kA pallavana huA hai| isalie yazodharacaritra meM zAntarasa kI pradhAnatA hai| apane pitA tathA pitAmahI kI yAtanAoM kA romaharSaka varNana sunakara abhayaruci janma-maraNa ke dAruNa duHkhoM se trasta ho jAtA hai| vaha sarvasva chor3akara

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yazodharacaritra : padmanAbhakAyastha 397 vairAgya meM saccA sukha khojane kA nizcaya karatA hai| abhayaruci kA yaha nirveda kAvya meM, zAntarasa meM, pariNata huA hai| mUlaM pApasya bhogo'yaM bhogo'yaM dharmanAzanaH / zvabhrasya kAraNaM bhogo bhogo mokSamahArgalA // 7.157 etAdRzamamuM jAnankathaM khalamupAzraye / etasminka: spRhAM kuryAt sthitijJo mAdRzo janaH // 7.158 yazodharacaritra meM zRMgAra, karuNa, bhayAnaka, bIbhatsa Adi kA aMgI rasa ke sahAyaka rasoM ke rUpa meM citraNa kiyA gayA hai / isa paurANika kAvya meM bhI vairAgyazIla sAdhu ne zRMgAra kI sarasatA kA parityAga nahIM kiyA, yaha usakI sahRdayatA kA pratIka hai / parantu isameM sndeha nahIM ki padmanAma ne, anya adhikatara jaina kaviyoM kI bhA~ti, zRgAra kA citraNa rUDhi kA pAlana karane ke lie kiyA hai| isIlie zRMgAra kA jama kara citraNa karane ke turanta bAda usakI nivRtti prabala ho jAtI hai aura zRMgAra kI AlambanabhUta nArI use viSavallarI, mahAbhujaMgI tathA vyAghrI pratIta hone lagatI hai| yazodharacaritra meM zRMgAra ke AlambanapakSa ke citraNa ke atirikta yazodhara tathA usakI rAnI amRtamatI ke surata-varNana meM sambhoga-zRMgAra kA bhavya paripAka huA hai / padmanAma ne zRMgAra ke kalA-pakSa ko adhika mahattva diyA hai| cumbana, AliMgana tathA viparIta-rati Adi ceSTAe~ isI pravRtti kI dyotaka haiN| tasmAd vinirgatya nRpAtmajA me jayasvanIkRtya nanAma pazcAt / AliMgya kaNThe sumukhIM gRhItvA haste ca zayyAtalamAjagAma // 3.85 vastre niraste mukhaphUtkRtena nirvAtukAmA sudatI pradIpam / maNipradIpaM prati tanmukhAbjaphUtkAravAto viphalIbabhUva // 3.86 kSaNaM priyA tanmukhamunnamayya cucuMba mInadhvajabANakhinnaH / sthitvopari premabharAtpriyasya kSaNaM tu puMzceSTitamAtatAna // 3.87 devI caNDamArI ke citraNa meM bhayAnakarasa kA Alambana pakSa prasphuTita hai / apane karAla mukha, lapalapAtI jIbha tathA aMgAratulya AMkhoM ke kAraNa vaha yama kI dADha pratIta hotI hai (1.80-81) / isI caNDamArI ke mandira kA varNana bIbhatsarasa ko janma detA hai / yahA~ mandira ke prAMgaNa meM bahatI rakta-dhArA, mAMsa, majjA Adi Alambana vibhAva haiM / gIdhoM kA paMkha phar3aphar3A kara mAMsa rAzi kI ora daur3anA, kuttoM kA haDDiyA~ cabAnA tathA carbI para makkhiyoM kA bhinabhinAnA uddIpana-vibhAva haiN| moha, Avega, vyAdhi Adi vyabhicArI bhAva haiM / inase paripuSTa hokara abhayaruci kA manogata sthAyI bhAva, jugupsA, bIbhatsa ke rUpa meM pariNata huA hai| mAMsasvedagatAnekagRdhrapakSa tilakSitaM / raktAmbuvAhinImadhyamajjatkaraTakavrajam // 1.116

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya narakaMkAlamAlAbhiH kalitaM purato dizam / karoTisphoTanAsaktazunAM kulena Dhaukitam // 1.120 kvacitkAsArakhaNDena kvacinmuNDena maNDitam / kvacinmajjAvazAsvAdabhramabahulamakSikam // 1.121 abhayaruci se usake pUrvabhavoM tathA hiMsA kI ghora pariNati kA dAruNa varNana sunakara devI caNDamArI, apanI krUra prakRti chor3akara, zAnta ho jAtI hai| vaha svayaM mUnikumAra ko arghya detI hai aura usase kSamAyAcanA karatI hai| usake isa sahasA parivartana ke varNana meM adbhuta rasa kI chaTA hai| cakoralocanA caarucndnaagurucitaa| vanadevI tadA zAMtA janaH sarvevilokitA // 8.146 adAdargha tadA devI svayameva tayordvayoH / maNipAtrasthitairdUrvAdadhipuSpavilepanaiH // 8.147 patitvA tatpadadvandva bhuutlaahitmstkaa| uvAca mRdutopetA pApApagatamAnasA // 8.148 karuNarasa kI avatAraNA, yazodhara kI hatyA para usake putra yazomati ke vilApa meM huI hai| padmanAbha kI karuNA, jaina kaviyoM kI paramparA ke anurUpa, ronecillAne taka sImita hai aura usI prakAra vaha mArmikatA se zUnya hai (5.2-4) / prakRticitraNa apane dhArmika kathAnaka kI nIrasatA ko meTane ke lie padmanAbha ne kAvya meM prakRti kA manorama citraNa kiyA hai| paurANika kAvya ke marusthala meM prakRti ke ye hare-bhare udyAna sacamuca zrAnta pathika ko samucita vizrAma pradAna karate haiN| yazodharacaritra ke prakRti-citraNa para tatkAlIna pariveza kI chApa hai, kintu adhikatara samavartI kaviyoM ke viparIta padmanAbha ne prakRti ke AlambanapakSa kA citraNa karane meM adhika ruci lI hai| yazodharacaritra meM nagara, janapada, Rtu, udyAna Adi ke varNana adhikatara prakRti kA svAbhAvika, analaMkRta citraNa hai| usa alaMkRti-pradhAna yuga meM prakRti ke AlambanapakSa kA yaha citraNa kavi ke sahaja prakRti-prema kA paricAyaka hai / tatkAlIna kaviyoM meM prakRti ke prati yaha sahAnubhUti bahuta kama dikhAI detI hai| prabhAta kA prastuta varNana svAbhAvikatA se ota-prota hai / candramA kI AbhA manda par3a gayI hai, tAre chipate jA rahe haiM, kamala khila gaye haiM, unakI sugandha se bharI bayAra cAroM ora cala rahI hai, abhisArikAe~ gharoM ko lauTa rahI haiM / lo, sUrya bhI udita ho gayA hai| mlAnaM zubhrAMzubimba nabhasi parimitAstArakAH kAntihInAH pronmIlatpadmasaMgAtparimalasurabhiH sarvato vAti vaatH|

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yazodharacaritra : padmanAbhakAyastha etAH zayyAnizAMtAd gurugRhamadhunA yAnti kAntAH nizAnte jAtaH sUryodayo'yaM kRtajanakuzalo deva nidrAM jahIhi / / 3. 152 prakRti kA yahI analaMkRta citra ujjayinI ke himavAn parvata ke varNana meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / yahA~ kavi ne parvata ke vRkSoM, nirjharoM, bAMsoM ke jhuramuToM meM sAMyasAMya karatI pavana Adi ke sahaja saMketa se parvatIya vAtAvaraNa ko mukhara kiyA hai / athAstyavatidezasya madhyastho himavAn giriH / jambU nAraMgapuMnAgalavalIvanasundaraH // 5.21 keralIcikurAkAravahadbahala nirjharaH / kIcakAntarva hadvAtasvaranirjitaveNukaH / / 5.24 nAnAdhAtubhirApUrNaH saralAguruvAsitaH / 366 maNInAmAkaraH zreyAn rucirazcamarIcayaiH / / 5.26 padmanAbha ne prakRti para cetanA ke Aropa ke dvArA usakA mAnavIkaraNa bhI kiyA hai| prakRti kA mAnavIkaraNa use mAnava ke nikaTa lAne kA sAhityika prayAsa hai / sUryAsta ke varNana meM AkAza ko nAyikA kA rUpa diyA gayA hai, jo apane pati (sUrya) kI mRtyu para, vidhavA kI bhA~ti bAla phailAkara karuNa krandana kara rahI hai / astaMgate svAmini tigmarazmau vikSiptakezeva ghanAMdhakAraiH / nakSatranetrAmbukaNarayogaduHkhAdiyaM dyu pramadA ruroda // 3.64 candramA para yahA~ siMha kI ceSTAe~ Aropita kI ke nakhoM se andhakAra rUpI hAthI ko phAr3a kara tAroM ke vana meM ghUma rahA hai / gayI haiM / vaha apanI candrikA motI bikheratA huA gagana ke jyotsnAnakhaH dhvAnta karIndravRndaM bhittvA kiraMstArakamauktikAni / nabhovanatAni vigAhamAnaH samAvirAsId vidhupaMcavaktraH // 3.66 saundaryacitraNa prAkRtika saundarya kI bhA~ti mAnava - saundarya ne bhI padmanAbha ko AkRSTa kiyA hai| usane eka ora nakhazikhapraNAlI ko varNya pAtroM ke aMgoM-pratyaMgoM ke saundarya kI abhivyakti kA AdhAra banAyA hai, dUsarI ora unake zArIrika saundarya kA sAmAnya varNana karake mAnava-bhana para par3ane vAle prabhAva ko rekhAMkita kiyA hai / rAjakumArI amRtamatI kA citraNa nakhazikhavidhi se kiyA gayA hai jisake antargata kavi ne usake urojoM, gati tathA mukha kA saundarya utprekSA, rUpaka Adi alaMkAroM ke AdhAra para aMkita kiyA hai (2.70,71,73) / usI ke saundarya-citraNa meM anyatra uparyukta donoM zailiyoM kA mizraNa hai / yahA~ usake rUpa kA sAmAnya varNana hai kintu usake kezoM kI after aura adhara kI madhuratA kA vizeSa ullekha kiyA gayA hai / lAvaNyazAlA kimiyaM vidhAtuH kiM mAnasAkarSaNa siddhireSA | ff kAmajIvAturiyaM kRzAMgI ki kaumudI vA janalocanasya // 3.58

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400 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya imAM vinirmAya kathaM kathaMcid vinirmimANasya kcaughmsyaaH| savepathuH pANirabhUd vidhAturarAlatAmeti kimanyathAsau // 3.56 kiM vidrumo'yaM mRdutA kva tasminnatha pravAlaH kva sudhAlavo'pi / bimbaM kimetatsurabhiH kveti zakyA na nirNetumihAdharazrIH (?) // 3.60 caritracitraNa ___ yazodharacaritra meM kaI pAtra haiM kintu nAyaka yazodhara tathA nAyikA amRtamatI ke atirikta kisI kA caritra adhika spaSTa nahIM hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki kavi ne unheM paurANika rekhAoM kI cauhaddI meM prastuta kiyA hai / yazodhara kAvyanAyaka abhaya ruci pUrvajanma kA yazodhara hai / vaha ujjayinI nareza yazodha kA putra hai / usake lie pitRsevA sarvopari hai| usakI tulanA meM rAjya ke samasta vaibhava tuccha haiM / mahArAja yazodha jaba use rAjyabhAra sauMpakara pravrajyA grahaNa karanA cAhate haiM, vaha, jImUtavAhana kI bhA~ti, unake sAtha vana jAne ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai| pitA ke binA usake lie rAjyalakSmI bhI arthahIna hai / tvayA vinA ki mama rAjalakSmyA tvayA vinA kiM mama rAjabhogaH / tvayA samaM tAta gRhe vasAmi tvayA samaM cAtha vanaM vrajAmi // 3.12 kintu pitRbhakti ke kAraNa vaha, antataH, pitA kA Adeza svIkAra karatA hai / usakI AcAra-saMhitA meM pitA kI AjJA sarvopari hai| vaha ahiMsA kA kaTTara samarthaka hai aura jIvahatyA ko naraka kA dvAra mAnatA hai, kintu tathAkathita duHsvapna ko zAnta karane ke liye vaha, mAtA ke Agraha se sahI, kula-devatA ko bali detA hai| yaha usake nizcaya kI asthiratA kA sUcaka hai / yahI cAritrika virodha usake patnI ke prati vyavahAra meM dRSTigata hotA hai / amRtamatI kI duzcaritratA kA vizvAsa hone para tathA hAthIvAna ke sAtha use ramaNa karatI dekha kara bhI vaha usake prema ke jhUThe pradarzana se itanA vicalita ho jAtA hai ki use apanI A~khoM para hI sandeha hone lagatA hai / vaha patnI ke uddezya para sandeha karatA hai kintu usakA bhojana kA nimantraNa binA hicaka svIkAra kara letA hai / isa calacittatA kA mUlya use apane prANoM se cukAnA par3atA hai| jIvavadha ke phalasvarUpa vaha aneka adhama yoniyoM meM bhaTaka kara apanI putravadhU ke garbha se utpanna hotA hai| muni sudatta se vrata grahaNa karake vaha sadgati ko prApta hotA hai| amRtamatI ___ virATadeza kI sundarI rAjakumArI amRtamatI kAvya kI nAyikA hai / usake bAhya saundarya ke parde meM jaghanyatama kurUpatA chipI hai| vaha duzcaritratA tathA dhUrtatA

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yazodharacaritra : padmanAmakAyastha 401 kI jIvanta pratimA hai / kula kI garimA tathA pati kI kItti para pAnI phera kara vaha vikalAMga hAthIvAna ke caMgula meM phaMsa jAtI hai / apanA mArga niSkaNTaka banAne ke liye use pati ko viSa dekara mArane meM bhI saMkoca nahIM hai| pratyeka caritrahIna vyakti kI taraha vaha DhoMgI hai / kubar3e ke hAthoM bika kara bhI vaha pati ke sAmane prema kA DhoMga racatI hai aura nirlajjatA se usake sAtha dIkSA grahaNa karane kA prastAva karatI hai| vaha duSTA use pAtivratya kI mahimA para eka bhASaNa sunAne se bhI nahIM cuuktii| ____ gauNa pAtroM meM mAridatta krUra zAsaka hai| pitA ke nidhana ke pazcAt vaha kusaMgati meM par3a jAtA hai / vaha yogI bhairavAnanda ke bhulAve meM Akara devI ko narabali dene ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai, kintu pratibodha pAkara tApasa-vrata grahaNa karatA hai| yazomati kAvyanAyaka yazodhara kA putra hai| zAsaka hone ke nAte vaha jIvavadha ko apanA rAjocita adhikAra samajhatA hai / muni sudatta ke upadeza se vaha bhI cAritryavrata grahaNa karatA hai| darzana apane pracArAtmaka uddezya ke anurUpa padmanAbha ne yazodharacaritra meM jaina darzana ke katipaya mahattvapUrNa siddhAntoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| karma siddhAnta jaina darzana kA kendrabindu hai / prANI ko apane sadasat karmoM kA phala avazya bhoganA par3atA hai / apane karma ke kAraNa kutA devatA banatA hai aura zrotriya cANDAla (8.58) / AThaveM sarga meM jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA tathA mokSa, ina sAta tattvoM kI vistRta mImAMsA kI gayI hai / jIva kA lakSaNa cetanatA hai / pudgala ko ajIva kahate haiM (8.20) / ajIva tathA jIva athavA deha aura AtmA kA sambandha zaMkha aura usakI dhvani athavA araNi evaM usakI agni ke samAna hai| jisa prakAra zaMkha kI dhvani aura aura araNi kI Aga dikhAI nahIM detI, usI prakAra deha kI antarvartI AtmA bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hai (6.64,73) / pAMca bhUtoM ke samAhAra se zarIra kA nirmANa hotA hai, jIva kA nhiiN| isI prakAra sparza Adi pudgala ke guNa haiM, AtmA ke nahIM (6.64,67) / AtmA citsvarUpa, vimala, jJAnAtmaka tathA sAkSI hai / use sAmAnyataH karmoM kA bhoktA mAnA jAtA hai (8.67-66) / jaina darzana meM AtmA kI bahutA svIkAra kI gayI hai| yadi AtmA eka akhaNDa hai to vibhinna vyakti, eka samaya meM hI; kaise alaga-alaga AcaraNa kara sakate haiM (6.107) / jIva aura pudgala kA azuddha saMyoga Asrava hai / vaha do prakAra hai -- zubha tathA azubha (8.80-80) / saba prakAra ke AsravoM kA nirodha saMvara kahalAtA hai| dravya tathA bhAva ke bheda se vaha bhI do prakAra hai| pUrva karmoM ke kSaya kA nAma nirjarA hai| isake bhI do bheda haiM-sakAyA tathA akAyA (8.86,64-65) / samasta karmoM ke

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402 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya vinAza se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| ina sAta tattvoM ke sampUrNa jJAna se samyaka darzana prApta hotA hai / samyak darzana ke binA jIva kaThora yAtanAe~ sahatA huA ananta yoniyoM meM ghUmatA hai (8.22-23) / dharma manuSya ko mukti meM dhAraNa karatA hai, yahI usakI sArthakatA hai / vaha AtmabhAva se eka prakAra kA tathA ratnatraya ke kAraNa tIna prakAra kA hai (8.111) / bhASA praur3ha tathA alaMkRta bhASA se vidvadvarga kA bauddhika raMjana karanA kavi kA abhISTa nahIM hai / padmanAbha ne kAvya meM apane bhASA-sambandhI Adarza kA saMketa kiyA hai| usake vicAra meM pracaNDa padavinyAsa kAvya ke liye ghAtaka hai / sahRdayoM ke liye bhASAyI kliSTatA rucikara nahIM hai| unakI tuSTi lalita (sarala) bhASA se hotI pracaNDaH padavinyAsaH kavitvaM hi viDambanA / lalitena kavitvena tuSyanti paramArthinaH // 1.5 isa mAnadaNDa se mUlyAMkana karane para jJAta hogA ki padmanAbha ne kAvya meM sarvatra apane Adarza kA pAlana kiyA hai| yazodharacaritra ko prakRti hI aisI hai ki isameM kliSTatA athavA anya bhASAtmaka jAdUgariyoM ke liye sthAna nahIM hai / paurANika tathA pracAravAdI racanA hone ke nAte isameM sarvatra prasAdapUrNa prAMjala bhASA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| paurANika kAvyoM ke lekhakoM kA uddezya hI sugama bhASA meM purANapuruSoM kA guNagAna karanA tathA unake carita ke vyAja se athavA usake pariprekSya meM jaina darzana ke siddhAtoM kA pratipAdana karanA hai| bhASA kI yaha sugamatA saMvAdoM meM carama sImA ko pahu~ca gayI hai| isa dRSTi se dIkSA grahaNa karane se pUrva mahArAja yazodha dvArA apane putra yazodhara ko dI gayI zikSA ullekhanIya hai / yahA~ bhASA kI subodhatA, pratipAdita rAjadharma kI prabhAvazAlitA ko dUnA kara detI hai| rAjanguNAnarjaya sAdhuvRttyA nijAH prajAH pAlaya putrvRttyaa| doSAnsadA varjaya nItivRttyA svamAnasaM mArjaya dharmavRttyA // 3.16 sAmnA yadA siddhimupaiti kArya na tatra daNDo bhavatA vidheyH| zAmyed yadA zarkarayeva pittaM tadA paTolasya kimu prayogaH // 3.25 yazodharacaritra meM bhASA kI vividhatA ke liye adhika avakAza nahIM hai| saralatA usakI vizeSatA hai| parantu prasaMga ke anusAra usa saralatA meM varNita bhAvoM kA puTa A jAtA hai| yazomati kI AtmaglAni tathA pazcAttApa kA nirUpaNa jisa samAsarahita padAvalI meM kiyA gayA hai, vaha usakI vedanA ko prakaTa karatI hai| hA hA dhigdaiva kiM kuryAM zaraNaM kasya yAmi vaa| ko hi vA rakSituM zakto mAmasmAd bhavabandhanAt / / 7.105 jaina kaviyoM kI zailI ke anurUpa padmanAbha ne apane kAvya meM bhAvapUrNa sUktiyoM

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yazodharacaritra : padmanAbhakAyastha kA prayoga sarasatA lAne ke liye kiyA hai| kucha sUktiyAM rocaka haiM-na kAphamAkAkSati rAjahaMsI (3.47), karmaNo mahatI gatiH (6.11), asatsaMsargataH kutra vivekaH (7.102) alaMkAra __ paurANika kAvyoM ke kalApakSa ko samRddha banAnA unake lekhakoM kA lakSya nahIM hai / sAdhAraNa suvijJAta alaMkAra hI unakI abhivyakti kA mAdhyama bane haiM / padmanAbha upamA kA marmajJa hai / usake aprastutoM kA kSetra bahuta vistRta hai| prakRti para AdhArita yaha upamA atIva rocaka hai| guNoM ne mahArAja yazodha ke hRdaya se doSoM ko isa prakAra nikAla diyA jaise prAtaHkAlIna sUrya kI kiraNeM kamalakoza se bhramaroM ko nikAla detI hai| doSAn niHkAzya vivizuryaccittaM sakalaguNAH / bhaMgAna kamalakozebhyaH prAtaH sUryakarA iva // 2.45 parisaMkhyA kA bhI kavi ne paryApta prayoga kiyA hai| parisaMkhyA se use kucha aisA anurAga hai ki nagaravarNana meM vaha bAra-bAra inakA prayoga karatA hai| parisaMkhyA ko nagaravarNana kA mAdhyama banAnA jaina kAvyoM kI pravRtti hai| rAjapura ke prastuta varNana meM rati, karikapoloM, kezoM tathA vyAkaraNa-zAstra se anya padArthoM kA vyavaccheda hone se parisaMkhyA alaMkAra hai|| dvijAghAto rate yatra madaH krikpolyoH|| malinAtmA kace strINAM padazAstre nipAtanam // 1.22 amRtamatI kI duzcaritratA kA varNana aprastuprazaMsA se kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ aprastuta sUrya, sarojinI tathA dAdura se kramazaH yazodhara, amRtamatI tathA kubar3A vyaMgya ahoo sadaiva mitreNa samaM prasannA sarojinI yA kurute vilAsam / bhekena sAkaM ramate'tha saiva yadatra heturjaDasaMgavAsaH // 3.143 yazodhara ke bhavAntara-varNana ke isa padya meM jIvana ke sAtha vIrya ke skhalana kA ullekha hone se sahokti alaMkAra hai| samaM jIvena saMkrAntaH zukrastadbarkarodare / 5.124 ___ yazodharacaritra meM sundara svabhAvoktiyA~ vidyamAna haiN| prakRti-varNana meM inakA bAhulya hai| dhAna ke khetoM kI rakhavAlI karane vAlI gopabAlAoM kA yaha varNana apanI svAbhAvikatA ke kAraNa ullekhanIya hai| kSetre kSetre yatazcArukarNavizrAntalocanAH / gAyanti lalitaM gItaM madhuraM zAlipAlikAH // 1.20 muni sudatta, abhayaruci tathA abhayamatI ko tApasa jIvana kI kaThoratA kA

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404 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya bhAna karAne ke liye viSama alaMkAra kA Azraya letA hai| yahA~ sukumAra rAjakumAra tathA kaSTasAdhya dIkSita jIvana, ina do virodhI cIz2oM kA samavAya dikhAyA gayA hai| kva yuvAM sukumArAMgI bAlI rAjakumArako / kva ceyaM durvahadIkSA jinezakulasevitA // 8.8 inake atirikta yazodharacaritra meM sandeha, dRSTAnta, arthAntaranyAsa, virodha, zleSa, mAlopamA, anuprAsa Adi bhI prayukta kiye gaye haiN| paurANika kAvyoM kI bhA~ti yazodharacaritra meM anuSTup kI pradhAnatA hai| tRtIya sarga kI racanA upajAti meM huI hai| sargoM ke Arambha tathA anta meM prayukta hone vAle chandoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM-mAlinI, vasantatilakA, zArdUlavikrIDita, upendravajrA, sragdharA tathA pRthvI / yazodharacaritra meM kula ATha chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yazodharacaritra ke lekhaka ne prAyaH sabhI kAvya-dharmoM kA sparza kiyA hai| kAvya se usakI kavitda-zakti kA AbhAsa bhI milatA hai, kintu bhavAntara ke varNanoM tathA dArzanika siddhAntoM ko adhika mahattva dene ke kAraNa yazodharacaritra dharmakathA. sA (paiDAgogika) bana gayA hai|

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21. pArzvanAthakAvya : padmasundara Alocya kAla ke paurANika mahAkAvyoM meM, mugala samrATa akabara ke dharmamitra upAdhyAya (dmasundara ke pArzvanAthakAvya kA mahattva kAvya-guNoM ke kAraNa itanA nahIM hai, jitanA kavi ke vyaktitva ke kAraNa / pArzvanAthakAvya meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA purANa-prasiddha carita, lagabhaga usI pariveza tathA zailI meM, varNita hai| carita-varNana to yahA~ nimitta mAtra hai| pArzvacarita kA A~cala pakar3a kara kavi ne vastutaH jaina-dharma tathA darzana ke sidvAntoM kI vyAkhyA kI hai| vaise bhI kAvya meM janma-janmAntaroM ke vRttoM tathA viSayAntaroM kA itanA bAhulya hai ki carita kA sUtra kahIM-kahIM dikhAI detA hai| itanA hone para bhI hemavijaya ke pArzvacarita kI tulanA meM, jisakI samIkSA isI adhyAya meM kI jA pegI, isakI viSaya-samRddhi tathA vividhatA alpa hai, yadyapi kavi kA pracArAtmaka dRSTikoNa utanA hI prabala hai| vivecya yuga ke anya kucha kAvyoM ke samAna pArzvanAthakAvya abhI taka aprakAzita hai / i kI eka atIva zuddha tathA supAThya prati (saMkhyA 16) jayapura ke prasiddha Amera-zAstra-bhaNDAra meM upalabdha hai / durbhAgyavaza isakI prAntaprazasti kA eka bhAga naSTa ho gayA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa kASThAsaMgha ke bhaTTAraka kumArasenadeva ke AmnAyI caudharI chAja kI vaMzAvalI adhUrI raha gayI hai / 'jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa' meM kisI anya prati se uddhRta lekhaka-prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki ve rAyamalla ke pUrvaja the, jisakI abhyarthanA tathA preraNA se kavi ne prastuna kAvya tathA rAyamallAbhyudaya' kI racanA kI thii| pArzvanAthakAvya ke praNayana meM rAyamalla kA yoga aisA prabala hai ki padmasundara ne na kevala kAvya ke prArambhika padya meM, apitu pratyeka sarga ke 1. nAthurAma premI : jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, bambaI, 1956, pR. 367-68 tathA pR. 402-403 para uddhRta pArzvanAthakAvya ke lekhaka kI gadyAtmaka prazasti / 2. isakA paricaya pro. pITarsana ne jarnala oNpha raoNyala eziyATika sosAiTI, bAmbe brAMca (atirikta aMka, san 1887) meM vistAra se diyA hai / dekhiye 'jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa' pR. 367, pA. Ti. 1. 3. zuzrUSustadakArayatsukavitaH zrIpArzvanAthAhvayam / kAvyaM nayamida zrutipramadadaM zrIrAyamallAhvayaH // pArzvanAthakAvya, 1.3.

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 406 Arambha aura kAvya ke anta meM se AbhArapUrvaka svIkAra kiyA hai| pArzvanAthakAvya kI ukta prati gyAraha iMca lambe tathA sAr3he cAra iMca caur3e cAlIsa patroM para likhI gayI hai / yahI prati prastuta vivecana kA AdhAra hai / pArzvanAtha kAvya kA mahAkAvyatva pArzvanAtha kAvya kI parikalpanA mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM kI gayI hai / isameM yadyapi zAstra sammata aSTAdhika sarga nahIM haiM tathApi isakA kalevara mahAkAvyocita vistAra se rahita nahIM hai / AzIrvAdAtmaka maMgalAcaraNa ke prathama do padyoM meM kramaza: 'kamaTha' (pUrvajanma kA pArzva kA agraja) ke haTha ko cUra karane vAle kAvyanAyaka pArzvanAtha tathA vAgdevI se kalyANa kI kAmanA kI gayI hai / pArzvaprabhu ke purANa varNita carita ke anukUla hone ke nAte padmasundara kA kathAnaka 'itihAsakathodbhUta' hai / paurANika kAvyoM ke uddezya ke anusAra pArzvanAthakAvya meM zAntarasa kI pradhAnatA hai| zrRMgAra, vAtsalya, adbhuta tathA vIra rasa kI, aMgarUpa meM, niSpatti huI hai / kAvyanAyaka pArzvanAtha ke vyaktitva meM ve samagra guNa vidyamAna haiM, sAhityazAstra jinakA astitva dhIrodAtta nAyaka meM Avazyaka mAnatA hai / isakI racanA kA preraka bindu 'dharma prApti' hai / pArzva ke jIvanavRtta ke pariprekSya meM jainadarzana ke siddhAntoM kA sarala bhASA meM vizleSaNa karake unheM janapriya banAnA kAvya racanA kA uddezya hai / padmasundara ne nagara, prabhAta, dUtapreSaNa, yuddha Adi ke varNanoM se eka ora kAvya meM jIvana kI vividhatA kA citraNa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, dUsarI ora zAstra kA pAlana kiyA hai / pArzvanAthakAvya kI bhASA-zailI meM apekSita zAlInatA tathA gambhIratA hai / prasAdaguNa tathA vizada alaMkAroM se bhASA ko prauDha evaM kAntimatI banAne meM kavi kI vizeSa tatparatA hai / pArzvanAtha kAvya kA svarUpa vijaya ke pArzvacarita kI apekSA prastuta kAvya meM paurANika tattva yadyapi kucha kama haiM tathApi isakI AdhArabhUmi kI paurANikatA asandigdha hai / pArzvanAthakAvya ke kathAnaka kA srota jaina purANa haiM / paurANika kAvyoM kI prakRti ke anurUpa isameM bhavAntaroM kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai / kAvya meM janma-janmAntaroM ke varNanoM ke anupAta kA anumAna isIse kiyA jA sakatA hai ki prathama do sarga AdyopAnta inhIM varNanoM se Acchanna haiM / prathama sarga meM to pArzvaprabhu ke pUre sAta janmoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / kAvya meM martya tathA amartya kA itanA pracura tathA prabala sahayoga hai ki geTe ke zabdoM meM ise sahI artha meM, 'dharA tathA AkAza kA milana' kahA jA sakatA hai / pArzvaprabhu ke gabha meM avataraNa se lekara unakI nirvANa-pUjA taka samasta anuSThAnoM 4. vahI, 7.70. 5. sadyaH pallavaya prasAdavizadAlaMkArasAratviSaH / vahI, 1.2

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pArzvanAthakAvya : padmasundara 407 meM devoM kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| purANoM kI taraha prastuta kAvya meM alaukika ghaTanAoM kA yatheSTa samAveza hai| zizu pArzva kA mAtrotsava eka yojana lambe muMha vAle kalazoM se kiyA jAtA hai| muni aravinda ke darzana mAtra se marubhati gaja ko apane pUrvajanma kA smaraNa ho jAtA hai| pArzvanAthakAvya meM eka anya ullekhanIya paurANika pravRtti yaha hai vi isameM stotroM kA sanniveza bahuta tatparatA se kiyA gayA hai| tIsare se sAtaveM taka koI sarga aisA nahIM jisameM kavi ne stuti ke dvArA apanI bhakti kI abhivyakti na kI ho / pArzvanAthakAvya ke stotroM kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki inameM upaniSadoM kI virodhAbhAsAtmaka zailI meM jinezvara ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / vastutaH kavi ne pArzva ko parabrahma ke rUpa meM parikalpita kiyA hai| ve sAmAnya kAvyanAyaka athavA martya nahIM haiN| kavi paricaya tathA racanAkAla pArzvana tha-kAvya ke praNetA upAdhyAya padmasundara kA paricaya unake yadusundara kI samIkSA ke antargata diyA jA cukA hai| padmasundara paNDita padmameru ke ziSya tathA Anandameru ke praziSya the| svayaM kavi ke kathanAnusAra pArzvanAthakAvya kI racanA samvat 1615 (san 1558) vI mArgazIrSa kRSNA caturdazI, somavAra ko pUrNa huI thii| rAyamallAbhyudaya ke samAna isake praNayana meM bhI rAyamalla kI preraNA nihita hai| abde vikramarAjyataH zarakalAbhRttabhUsaMmite mArge mAsyasite caturdazadine stsaumyvaaraaNkite| kAvyaM kAritavAnatIvasarasaM zrIpArzvanAthAhvayaM so'yaM nandatu nandanaH parivRtaH zrIrAyamallastadA // upAdhyAya padmasundara bahumukhI pratibhA sampanna vidvAn tathA Azukavi the| unhoMne samvat 1914 kI kAttika zuklA paMcamI ko bhaviSyadattacarita kI racanA sampanna kI, samvat 1615, jyeSTha zuklA paMcamI ko rAyamallAbhyudaya kA nirmANa huA" aura usI varSa mArgazIrSa kI kRSNA caturdazI ko prastuta kAvya pUrA huaa| isa prakAra lagabhaga eka varSa meM, unhoMne paryApta vipulAkAra tIna granthoM kI racanA kara, apanI kavitvazakti ko pramANita kiyaa| 6. vahI, 5.81.83. 7. vahI, 7.64 tathA pratyeka sarga kI pusspikaa| 8. vahI, 7.74 6. nAthUrAma premI : jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa (pUrvoddhRta), pR0 366 10. varSe vikramarAjyataH zarakalAmattabhUsaMmite / jyeSThe mAsi site ca paMcamadine'haMdvattasaMdabhitam / rAyamallAbhyudaya, prazasti, 24.

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408 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya kathAnaka jaina paurANika kAvyoM ke lekhakoM ne purANavarNita zalAkApuruSoM ke carita ko, navIna udbhAvanA kiye binA, yathAvat gRhIta tathA pratipAdita kiyA hai / pArzvanAtha kAvya kA kathAnaka bhI pArzvanAtha ke paramparAgata carita ke anukUla hai / pArzva se sambandhita anya kAvyoM ke itivRtta kI bhAga haiM / prathama do sargoM meM pArzvanAtha ke nareza aravinda ke mantrI, vedavettA brAhmaNa kA dveSa janma-janmAntaroM taka calatA hai, bhA~ti prastuta kAvya kI kathAvastu ke do ATha pUrvabhavoM kA varNana hai / potanAvizvabhUti ke putra kamTha tathA marubhUti jisake phalasvarUpa kamaTa kA jIva apane anuja " ke jIva ko nirantara vikala kiye rakhatA hai / marubhUti nAnA janmoM rUpa meM meM kaSTa bhoga kara, kAlAntara meM, vArANasI- nareza azvasena ke putra utpanna hotA hai / yahI kAvya ke vAstavika kathAnaka pArzvacarita kA Arambha - bindu hai / tRtIya sarga meM kAvyanAyaka ke janma tathA devoM dvArA usake snAtrotsava kA varNana hai / devakumAroM ke sAhacarya meM zaizava vyatIta karane ke bAda pArzva ne yauvana meM praveza kiyaa| usake yauvana - janya saundarya kA caturtha sarga meM vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai / kuzasthala ke zAsaka arkakIrti" kI lAvaNyavatI putrI ko balapUrvaka hathiyAne ke liye kAlayavana usa para AkramaNa karatA hai / arkakIrti dUta bheja kara azvasena se sainika sahAyatA kI yAcanA karatA hai| yuvaka pArzva turanta yavana ke arkakIrti viruddha prasthAna karatA hai / dekhate-dekhate yavana - senA chinna-bhinna ho gayI / ke Upara se vipatti ke bAdala chaMTa gaye / vaha kRtajJatApUrvaka pArzva kI stuti karatA 13 hai / paMcama sarga meM arkakIrti, usake upakAra ke prati AbhAra prakaTa karane ke liye, pArzva ko apanI putrI dene kA prastAva karatA hai / vairAgyazIla hote hue bhI pArzva ne usakA prastAva svIkAra kiyA kintu, vivAha se pUrva hI, vaha apanI rAjadhAnI lauTa AtA hai / vahA~ sAketarAja ke dUta ko dekhakara use, pUrvajanma meM ayodhyA meM, arhad gotra kI prApti kA smaraNa ho jAtA hai / usameM nirveda udita hotA hai aura vaha samasta vaibhavoM ko ThakurA kara pravrajyA grahaNa kara letA hai / chaThe sarga meM pArzva tapazcaryA meM pravRtta hote haiM / unhoMne dhanya nRpa ke prAsAda meM tapa kI pAraNA kI, jisake phalasvarUpa vahA~ anna kI vRSTi huii| tatpazcAt pArzva tapovana meM jAkara kAyotsarga mudrA meM sthita ho gaye / unake dehamandira se ajJAnAndhakAra naSTa ho gayA aura bodha 11. pArzvanAthacarita ke anusAra marubhUti kamaTha kA agraja thA aura unake pitA kA nAma vasumati thA / 12. pArzvanAthacarita meM usakA nAma prasenajit hai / 13. pArzvanAthacarita se jJAta hotA hai ki vaha kaliMga kA rAjA thA /

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pArzvanAthakAvya : padmasundara 406 dIpikAe~ prajvalita ho utthiiN| cAra mAsa ke kaThora tapa ke uparAnta unheM kevalajJAna kI prApti hotI hai| devagaNa prabhu ke samavasaraNa kI racanA karate haiM / sAtaveM sarga meM prabhu kI dezanA tathA sammetAdri para unakI nirvANa-prApti kA varNana hai| indra unakI nirvANa pUjA karatA hai aura unakI bhasmI kSIrasAgara ko bheMTa kara detA hai| ___ dhArmika Aveza ke kAraNa pArzvanAthakAvya ke racayitA ko kathAnaka kI adhika sudha nahIM hai / paurANika kathAnaka meM kAvyocita parivartana karake usakA saphala nirvAha karanA use abhISTa bhI nahIM hai| purANa-puruSoM ke paramparAgata vRtta se unakA guNagAna karanA tathA puNyalAbha karanA hI usakA dhyeya hai| prathama do sargoM ke bhavAntaravarNanoM kA mUla kathAnaka se adhika cetana sambandha nahIM hai| kAvyanAyaka ke carita vAle bhAga meM bhI stotroM, dArzanika siddhAntoM tathA anya varNanoM ne kAphI sthAna har3apa liyA hai / isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki kAvya meM pArzvanAtha ke jIvana ke kucha pramukha prasaMgoM kA hI pratipAdana ho sakA hai / rasayojanA samUce mUla pariveza-sahita gRhIta hone ke kAraNa purANa-puruSoM ke carita ke vikAsa tathA usakI vividha ghaTanAoM kA eka pUrva nizcita krama hai| paurANika kAvyoM ke lekhakoM ne usameM navIna udbhAvanA athavA anya parivartana karane kA bahuta kama mAhasa kiyA hai / ataH ina kAvyoM meM rasa-paripAka kI eka nizcita tathA rUDha prakriyA hai| paurANika kAvyoM ke nAyakoM kA carama uddezya jIvana ke samasta sukha-vaibhava chor3akara, sAdhanA ke mArga se, nirvANa prApta karanA hai| jIvana kI nazvaratA tathA bhogoM kI chalanA ke bodha se unameM saMvega kI utpatti hotI hai, jo kAvya meM zAntarasa ke rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai| karmoM ke kSaya ke liye ve gArhasthya jIvana svIkAra karate haiM aura yuddha ke dvArA apanI vIratA kI sthApanA karate haiM, jo mahAkAvya ke nAyaka ke liye Avazyaka hai| ina prasaMgoM ke citraNa meM kramazaH zRMgAra tathA vIrarasa kI abhivyakti hotI hai| kintu ye saba zAntarasa ke mahAsAgara meM vilIna ho jAte haiN| pArzvanAthakAvya kA rasacitraNa isI prakriyA para AdhArita hai| kavi ke zabdoM meM pArzvanAthakAvya 'zRMgAra kI chalakatI sAgara' hai-kAvye'smin madhumAdhurIpariNate zRMgAra gArake (1.2) / patA nahIM, isa dhAraNA kA kyA AdhAra hai ? kAvya ko AdyopAnta par3hane ke pazcAt isase pAThaka ko zRMgAra ke kucha kaNa hI prApta hote haiN| una kI sRSTi bhI mAnava-praNaya ke antargata nahIM, balki pazupakSiyoM kI kAmake layoM meM huI hai| aura isa nAte use rasa kI apekSA rasAbhAsa kahanA adhika upayukta hogaa| potanAdhipati ke amAtya kA putra marubhUti mara kara bhavAntara meM gaja banatA hai aura usake agraja kI patnI varuNA hathinI ke rUpa meM

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410 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya janma letau hai / unakI praNayakeli meM sambhoga zRMgAra ke anubhAvoM kI kamanIya abhi. vyakti huI hai| kAntayA sa vicacAra kAnane sallakIkavalamapitaM tyaa| taM cakhAda jalakeliSvayaM tAM siSeca karasIkarairgajaH / 1.25 AsphAlayan vihitabaMhitanAda eSa zizleSa tatra kariNI karalAlanena // 1.26 pArzvanAthakAvya kI mUla prakRti zamapradhAna hai| tIrthaMkara ke jIvana para AdhArita hone ke kAraNa, jisane rAjasI vaibhava tathA sampadA ko taNavat tyAga kara nirIhatA kA akSaya sukha svIkAra kiyA thA, pArzvanAthakAvya meM zAnta rasa kI pradhAnatA hai| aravinda ke saMyama-grahaNa, devarAja kI jinastuti Adi prasaMgoM meM zAntarasa kA pallavana huA hai, kintu usakI tIvratama vyaMjanA pArzva kI dIkSA-pUrva ciMtana-dhArA meM dikhAI detI hai| sAketarAja ke dUta ke Agamana se, pUrva janma meM, arhadgotra kI prApti kA smaraNa hone se usameM nirveda kI utpatti hotI hai, jo kAvya meM zAnta rasa kA rUpa letA hai| nirdvandvatvaM saukhyamevAhurAptAH sadvandvAnAM rAgiNAM tatkutstyam / tRSNAmohAyAsakRccAnyavighnaM saukhyaM kiM syAdApadAM bhAjanaM yat // 5.72 bhogAstAvadApAtaramyAH paryante te svAntasantApamUlaM / tadghAnAya jJAnino drAgyatante bhogAn rogAneva matvAptatattvAH // 5.74 tasmAd brahmAdvaitamavyaktaligaM jJAnAnantajyotirudyotamAnaM / nityAnandaM cidguNojjambhamANaM svAtmArAmaM zarma dhAma prapadye // 5.78 pArzvanAthakAvya meM zRMgAra ke atirikta vAtsalya, adbhuta tathA vIra, zAnta ke aMgabhUta rasa haiM / vAtsalyarasa kI niSpatti svabhAvata: zizu pArzva kI bAla-ceSTAoM meM dikhAI detI hai / AMgana meM lar3akhar3AtI gati se calate zizu kI tutalAtI bAteM sunakara mAtA-pitA kA hRdaya vAtsalya se bhara jAtA hai| zizuH smitaM kvacittene rikhanmaNimayAMgaNe / bibhracchazavalIlAM sa pitrocdamavardhayat // 4.14 alaukikatA athavA atiprAkRtikatA paurANika kAvyoM kI nijI vizeSatA hai, yaha kahanA punarukti mAtra hai| pArzvanAthakAvya meM aisI ghaTanAoM kI bharamAra hai, jo vyAvahArika jagat meM asambhava tathA avizvasanIya haiN| inameM se kucha kA ullekha kAvya ke svarUpa ke prasaMga meM kiyA gayA hai| ye alaukika ghaTanAe~ 'adbhuta' kI jananI haiN| dhanyanRpa ke prAsAda meM pArzvaprabhu ke pAraNA karane para, vahA~ sahasA anna kI varSA huI, devatAoM ne puSpa barasAe, dizAe~ yakAyaka mRdaMgoM se dhvanita ho gayIM tathA zItala bayAra calane lgii| ina atiprAkRtika ghaTanAoM kA nirUpaNa adbhutarasa kI sRSTi karatA hai|

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pArzvanAthakAvya : padmasundara tadgeherannavRSTistu papAta gaganAMgaNAt / mahAdAnaphalazreNI sadyaH prAdurabhUdiva // 6.20 AmandramAnakA nedurnAdApUritadigmukhAH / abAvA (?) puSparajasAM mandaM zIto marud vavo // 6.22 zAntarasa-pradhAna kAvya meM vIrarasa kA citraNa asaMgata pratIta ho sakatA hai, kintu padmasundara ne pArzva tathA kAlayavana ke yuddha kA jo varNana kiyA hai, vaha kathAnaka kI katipaya ghaTanAoM kI svAbhAvika pariNati hai| isaliye vaha kAvya meM balAt lUMsA huA pratIta nahIM hotaa| vaise bhI zAstra ne mahAkAvya meM nAyaka ke zauryapradarzana kA vidhAna kiyA hai| pArzvanAtha meM vaNita yuddha zuddha paropakAra kI bhAvanA se prerita hai| vIra yuvA pArzva ke prahAra se kAlayavana kI senA titara-bitara ho jAtI hai, jisase arkakItti ke pratApa ko har3apane vAle kAle bAdala chaMTa jAte haiN| yuyudhe samukhIbhUya so'pi tena ruSAruNaH / tataH pArzvakumArastu nijasainikasaMvRtaH // 4.180 yamanasya bhaTAstAvatkAMdizIkA hutaujsH|| babhUvustapanodyote khadyotadyotanaM kutaH // 4.182 shriimtpaarshvprtaapogrtpnodyotvidrutaaH| yamanAdyAstamAMsIva palayAMcakrire drutam // 4.183 pArzvanAthakAvya meM, rasoM kI yaha yojanA, isake paurANika itivRtta kI nIrasatA tathA ekarUpatA meM rocakatA kA saMcAra karatI hai| saundarya-citraNa saMskRta-sAhitya meM saundarya-varNana kI mukhyataH cAra praNAliyA~ haiN| eka to varNya pAtra ke saundarya kI samagratA kA sAmAnya citraNa kiyA jAtA hai / dUsare, suprasiddha nakhazikhavidhi se usake ApAdamastaka sabhI aMgoM-pratyaMgoM kA sUkSma citraNa karane kA calana hai| isa zailI ne sAhitya meM itanI lokapriyatA prApta kI hai ki na kevala saMskRta-kavi isa ora tatparatA se pravRtta hue balki kucha prAdezika bhASAoM ke sAhityoM meM bhI ise rucipUrvaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vyatireka tathA atizayokti ke dvArA pAtra ke alaukika saundarya ko abhivyakta karanA, tIsarI pracalita zailI hai / AbhUSaNoM athavA prasAdhanoM se saundarya-vRddhi karane ke prati bhI kaviyoM kI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai| ___ padmasundara kA mAnava-saundarya ke prati kucha aisA AkarSaNa tathA pakSapAta hai ki usane apane prAyaH sabhI pAtroM ke rUpa kA jamakara varNana kiyA hai aura usameM apanI paTutA pradarzita karane tathA vaividhya lAne ke liye pUrvokta sabhI zailiyoM kA upayoga kiyA hai / marubhUti kI patnI vasundharikA ho athavA jina-mAtA vAmA, nAyaka ho yA

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412 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya nAyikA, kavi kI tUlikA ne una saba ke citroM meM AkarSaka raMga bhare haiN| pArzva tathA vasundharikA kA citraNa nakhazikha-praNAlI se kiyA gayA hai| vAmA ke rUpa ko samagra rUpa meM abhivyakti milI hai| kuzasthala-nareza arkakItti kI rUpasI putrI prabhAvatI ke lAvaNya ke citraNa meM ina tathA katipaya anya zailiyoM kA sammizraNa hai, yadyapi unameM nizcita krama kA abhAva hai| unheM alaga-alaga karake yahA~ prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| sarvaprathama padmasundara ne nakhazikha-zailI se prabhAvatI ke aMgoM-pratyaMgoM kA savistAra varNana karake usake anavadya saundarya ko vANI dene kA gambhIra udyoga kiyA hai| kavi ne prabhAvatI ke vibhinna avayavoM ke varNana meM aise arthavAn upamAnoM kI sambhAvanA kI hai ki rAjakumArI kA saundarya sahasA mAnasa cakSuoM ke sAmane sphurita ho jAtA hai aura vaha navayauvanA trilokasundarI pratIta hone lagatI hai| tadIyamadhyaM natanAbhisundaraM babhAra bhUSAM sabalitrayaM praa| prakluptasopAnamidaM vinirmame svamajjanAyeva sutIrthamAtmabhUH // 5.17 visAritAradyutihArahAriNau stanau nu tasyAH suSamAmavApatuH / surApagAtIrayugAzritasya tau rathAMgayugmasya tu kuMkumAMcitau // 5.16 iyaM sukezyAH kacapAzamaMjarI vidhaMtudasya prtimaamupeyussii| mukhendubimbagrasana jhalipsayA tamo'janasnigdhavibhA vibhAvyate // 5.34 samagrasargAdbhutarUpasampadA didRkSayakatra vidhiya'dhAdiva : jagattrayIyauvatamaulimAlikAmazeSasaundaryapariSkRtAM nu tAm // 5.35 padmasundara ne aprastuta kI apekSA prastuta ko adhika guNavAn batAkara, vyatireka ke dvArA tathA atizayokti5 kI asambhava kalpanAoM se bhI prabhAvatI ke sarvAtizAyI saundarya kA saMketa kiyA hai| yuvaka pArzva ke rUpa ke varNana kA mAdhyama bhI ciraparicita nakhAzikhapraNAlI hai jo pArzva ke kAyika saundarya kA kramabaddha tathA vistRta varNana karane meM vizeSa upayogI siddha huI hai / pArzva ke lalATa, bhauMhoM, tarala-vizAla netroM, nAsikA-vivara, tathA UruoM kI kramazaH lakSmI ke abhiSeka-paTTa, kAma kI vAgurAoM, vAyu se hilate nIlakamaloM, vAglakSmI ke praveza-mArga tathA kAma evaM rati ke kIrtistambhoM ke sAtha tulanA karake kavi ne maulikatA kA paricaya diyA hai| 14. tadIyajaMghAdvayIdIptinijitAM vanaM gatA sA kadalI tapasyati / cirAya vAtAtapazItakarSaNairadhaHzirA nUnamakhaNDitavratA // vahI, 5.13 15. radacchado'syAH smitadIptibhAsuro yadi pravAlaH pratibaddhahIrakaH / tadopamIyeta vijitya nirvRtaH supakvabimbaM kila bimbatAM gatam // vahI, 5.26

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pArzvanAthakAvya : padmasundara 413 lalATapaTTamasyAbhAdardhacandranibhaM vibhoH / lakSmyAH paTTAbhiSekAya tatpIThamiva kalpitam // 4.46 dhruvau vinIle rejAte suSamAsundare vibhoH / vinyaste vAgure nUnaM smaraNasyaiva bandhane // 4.50 netre vinIlatAre'sya sundare trlaayte| pravAtendIvare sadvirephe iva rarAjatuH // 4.51 tadUrudvayamadvaitazriyA bhrAjate sundaram / smararatyozca dampatyoH kIrtistambhadvayaM nu tat // 4.63 AbhUSaNoM tathA prasAdhanoM se saundarya-vRddhi karane kI zailI kA zizu pArzva ke, janmAbhiSeka ke pazcAt, alaMkaraNa meM Azraya liyA gayA hai| zacI zizu kI A~khoM meM aMjana A~jatI hai, kaTi para ratnoM kI mekhalA pahanAtI hai, aura caraNoM ko maNijaTita bhUSaNoM se alaMkRta karatI hai| indIvaranibhe snigdhe locane vishvckssussH| zacI cakraMjanAcAraM babhau tena niraMjanaH // 3.147 kaTItaTe'sya vinyastaM kiMkiNIbhiH sbhaasurN|| kAMcIdAma sphuradratnaracitaM nicitaM zriyA // 3.151 caraNau kiraNoddIptaH sphuradbhirmaNibhUSaNaiH / gomukhodbhAsibhiryastai rejaturjagadIzituH // 3.152 vividha bhaMgimAoM se pAtroM ke saundarya kA yaha manoyogapUrvaka citraNa kavi kI saundaryAnveSI vRtti tathA kalpanAzIlatA kA paricAyaka hai| prakRti-citraNa vItarAga jaina sAdhu mAnava ke zArIrika saundarya para itanA mugdha hai ki prakRti kA virAT unmukta saundarya use AkarSita nahIM kara skaa| pArzvanAthakAvya meM prabhAta kA sAmAnya-sA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| kahane ko to padmasundara ne sAhitya kI suvijJAta zailiyoM ko apane prakRti-varNana kA AdhAra banAyA hai, kintu yaha mahAkAvyaparamparA kA nirvAha mAtra hai| tRtIya sarga meM prabhAtavarNana ke antargata alaMkRta tathA svAbhAvika zailiyoM kA mizraNa hai| prAtaHkAla bAla-ravi kI kiraNeM gagana meM phaila jAtI haiM, sarovara sArasoM ke zabda se guMjita ho jAte haiM tathA sugandhita samIra se vAtAvaraNa mahaka uThatA hai| nimnokta paMktiyoM meM, prabhAta ke ina upakaraNoM kA svAbhAvika (analaMkRta) varNana hai| itaH prAcyAM vibhAnti sma stokonmuktAH karA raveH / itaH sArasasaMrAvAH zrUyante sarasISvapi // 3.34

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya saraHsIkaravRndAnAM voDhA mandaM vavI marut / praphullapaMkajotsarpatsaurabhodgArasundaraH // 3.38 prabhAta ke isI varNana ko preSaNIya banAne ke liye kavi ne kucha alaMkAroM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / prastuta padya meM vyatireka ke prayoga se prabhAta kA yaha sAdhAraNa dRzya AkarSaka bana gayA hai| mandimAnaM gatazcandro devi tvnmukhnijitH| prakAzayatvatha jagatprabuddhaM tvanmukhAmbujam // 3.33 pArzva ke janma ke samaya, prakRti, svAbhAvikatA chor3akara apanA Adarza rUpa prakaTa karatI hai / jinezvara ke avatarita hone para zItala samIra calane lagI, dizAe~ nirmala ho gayIM, devavRkSoM ne pRthvI para puSpavRSTi kI aura AkAza dundubhiyoM kI dhvani se gUMja uThA (3.68-70) / kAvya meM kevala eka sthAna para prakRti ko mAnavI rUpa diyA gayA hai / prakRti kA mAnavIkaraNa saMskRta-kaviyoM kA priya viSaya hai, parantu padmasundara kA mana isameM nahIM rama sakA / pArzvaprabhu ke samavasaraNa kI racanA meM azoka caMcala pattoM kA hAtha hilAkara nartaka kI bhA~ti nRtya karatA hai| bhauMroM kA guMjana usakA madhura gIta hai / zAkhAe~ usakI bhujAe~ haiM jinase vaha abhinaya kara rahA hai| yasya purastAccaladalahastairnRtyamakArSIdiva kimazokaH / bhaMganinAdaiH kRtakalagItaH pRthutarazAkhAbhujavalanaH svaH / / 6.86 caritracitraNa pArzvanAthakAvya para paurANikatA itanI hAvI hai ki usane pAtroM kA caritra panapane nahIM diyaa| use paurANika rekhAoM kI sImAoM meM hI aMkita kiyA gayA hai| kAvya meM kevala do pAtra haiM, jinakA caritra kucha vikasita huA hai| vaha bhI unake purANa-vaNita caritra se bhinna nahIM hai| pArzvanAtha kAvyanAyaka pArzvanAtha pUrvajanma kA marubhUti hai, jo vividha janmoM meM bhaTaka kara vArANasI-nareza azvasena ke putra ke rUpa meM janma letA hai| paurANika pAtra kI bhA~ti ve vibhUtisampanna puruSa haiN| unake janma ke samaya devagaNa mAtA bAmA kI vandanA karate haiN| unakA snAtrotsava devarAja ke nirdezana meM sampanna kiyA jAtA hai| unakA zaizava devoM ke sAhacarya meM bItatA hai| vastuta: unakA caritra divyatA se isa prakAra ota-prota hai ki janmAbhiSeka se lekara nirvANa-pUjA taka, unake jIvana se sambandhita sabhI kAryoM kA anuSThAna devatA karate haiM / pArzvanAtha sundara yuvaka haiN| yauvana meM unakA kAyika saundarya aise prasphuTita

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pArzvanAtha kAvya : padmasundara 415 ho jAtA hai jaise alaMkAroM se kAvya kI zobhA meM vRddhi hotI hai" / kAvya meM unake rUpa kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai / pArzvanAtha kA caritra vIratA tathA virakti ke do dhruvoM meM baMdhA huA hai / kuzasthala ke zAsaka arkakItti ke anurodha se ve kAlayavana ko samarAMgaNa meM tatkAla ghera lete haiM / unake parAkrama tathA yuddhakauzala se yavana kI senA kSata-vikSata ho jAtI hai / isase akIti na kevala parAjaya se, apitu zatru ko putrI dene ke apamAna se bhI baca jAtA hai / ve kuzasthalanareza ke prastAva ko svIkAra to karate haiM parantu vairAgya kI prabalatA ke kAraNa ve saMyama-zrI kA varaNa karate haiM aura tapazcaryA ke dvArA kramazaH kevalajJAna tathA nirvANa ko prApta hote haiM / azvasena azvasena vArANasI ke zAsaka tathA kAvyanAyaka ke pitA haiM / unake pratApa se bhIta hokara sUrya ne apanI rakSA ke liye cAroM ora paridhi ke durga kI racanA kI hai / unake netra tattvabhedI haiM / ve cararUpI cakSu se prajA kI gatividhiyA~ dekhate haiM aura vicAra ke netra se gUDhatama rahasyoM kA tala unheM pratyakSa dikhAI detA hai / unhoMne prajA kI surakSA kI aisI cAru vyavasthA kI hai ki unake rAjya meM bhaya kA nAma bhI nahIM rahA / prajA unase vastutaH sanAtha hai / vaha 'rAjanvatI' hai / unake jIvana meM caturvarga kA manorama samanvaya hai / artha aura kAma kA bhI dharma se saMgharSa nahIM hai / ve sajjanoM ke liye candramA ke samAna saumya haiM kiMtu duSToM ke liye sAkSAt yama haiM" / unake putra prema kA kAvya se yatheSTa paricaya milatA hai / arkakItti arka kIrti kuzasthala kA zAsaka hai / kAlayavana usakI putrI ko hathiyAne ke liye usa para AkramaNa karatA hai kiMtu pArzva kI sahAyatA se vaha, usake dussAhasa ke sAtha, use bhI cUra kara detA hai / darzana azvaghoSa ke samAna kAvya kI sarasa bhASA meM dArzanika siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana karanA padmasundara kI kAvyaracanA kA uddezya hai / samavasaraNa meM pArzva prabhu kI dezanA meM isake liye upayukta avasara thA, jisakA kavi ne pUrA upayoga kiyA hai / yahA~ jaina darzana ke kucha siddhAntoM kA vistRta nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / jaina darzana meM jIva tathA ajIva ke bheda se tattva do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai / jIva kA lakSaNa caitanya hai / usake mukta tathA bhavastha do bheda haiM / bhavastha jIva punaH do prakAra kA hai - bhavya aura abhavya / mukta jIva svabhAva se UrdhvagAmI hai / vaha 16. sAlaMkAraH kaveH kAvyasandarbha iva sa vyabhAt / vahI, 3.156 17. vahI, 3.11-16

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 416 anAdi, sanAtana, vizuddha, jJAtA tathA draSTA hai / dravya kI dRSTi se jIva zAzvata hai / usake paryAya bhaMgura haiN| isa dRSTi se usakI tIna avasthAe~ mAnI gayI haiM - utpAda, vyaya tathA dhruvatA / vibhinna matAvalambI apane siddhAMta ke anurUpa AtmA ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana karate haiM / usakI vAstavikatA anekAnta ke dvArA hI jAnI jA sakatI hai / bhava tathA mokSa AnA kI do avasthAe~ haiM / isa caturaMga saMsAra meM bhaTakanA 'bhava' hai / bhavabandhana ke samasta hetuoM kA abhAva tathA samUce karmoM kA kSaya hone para mokSa kI prApti hotI hai / vaha akhaNDa Ananda kI sthiti hai / samyag jJAna, darzana tathA caritra mokSaprApti ke sopAna haiM / jIva ke atirikta jaina darzana meM ajIva, puNya, pApa, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA tathA mokSa, ye ATha padArtha mAne gaye haiM / puNya se itara pApa hai / vaha 82 prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai / Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA tathA mokSa kA vizleSaNa padmanAbhakAyastha ke yazodharacarita kI samIkSA meM kiyA jA cukA hai / mithyAtva kaSAya, yoga, avirati tathA pramAda baMdhana ke hetu hai / caritra samasta doSapUrNa yogoM ke parityAga kA nAma hai / samyak darzana se hI jJAna tathA cAritra kI sArthakatA hai / darza | aura jJAna ke binA cAritra niSphala hai" / jaina dharma meM sAdhu ke liye pAMca mahAvratoM kA vidhAna hai / zrAvaka ke liye bAraha aNuvratoM kA pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai / yathArthavAdI, Apta puruSa hotA hai / usase bhinna vyakti ko AptAbhAsa kahate haiM / Agama Apta puruSoM ke hI vacanoM kA saMkalana hai" / bhASA pracAravAdI dRSTikoNa se racita paurANika kAvya meM jo subodha bhASA apekSita hai, pArzvanAthakAvya meM usI kA prayoga huA hai / padmasundara kI bhASA kA pramukha guNa usakI sahajatA hai, kiMtu vaha prauDhatA tathA kAnti se zUnya nahIM hai / sAmAnyataH pArzvanAthakAvya kI bhASA ko prAMjala kahA jAegA / yuddha-varNana jaise kaThora prasaMga meM bhI vaha apane isa guNa ko nahIM chor3atI, isakA saMketa pArzva tathA yavana ke yuddha-varNana se milatA hai / pArzva ke janma se utpanna devatAoM ke hArdika ullAsa kI abhivyakti jisa bhASA meM huI hai, vaha apane vegamAtra se prasannatA kI dyotaka hai| kespi nRtyanti gAyanti hasaMtyAsphoTayantyatha / valgantyanye suparvANaH pramodabharamedurAH // 3.76 avatIrya kramAtsarve nabhasaH kAzipattanam / prAdurjayAravonmizradundubhidhvAna DambarAH / / 3.76 18. vahI, 6.116-142 16. vahI, 6.143-144

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417 pArzvanAtha kAvya : padmasundara nIti ke pratidapana meM bhI isI koTi kI bhASAtmaka saralatA dikhAI detI hai / kAlayavana ke apamAnajanaka prastAva kA prativAda karane ke liye arkakItti kA mantrI jisa smRtivihita rAjadharma kA nirUpaNa karatA hai, usameM katipaya nItiparaka uktiyA~ sugamatA kI kAnti se zobhita haiM / durmadAnAM vipakSANAM vadhAyodyogamAcaret / alaso hi nirudyogo naro bAdhyate zatrubhiH // 4.101 mantraH syAdaSaTkarNastRtIyAderagocaraH / sa ca buddhimatA kAryaH strIdhUrtazizubhirna ca // 4104 pArzvanAthakAvya meM samAsabahulA bhASA kA bahuta kama prayoga kiyA gayA hai / jahA~ vaha prayukta huI hai, vahA~ bhI zarat kI nadI kI bhA~ti vaha apanA 'prasAda' nahIM, chor3atI / maMgalAcaraNa ke dIrgha samAsa, anuprAsa tathA prAMjalatA ke kAraNa, arthabodha meM bAdhaka nahIM haiM (1.1) / padmasundara ko zabdacitra aMkita karane meM adbhuta kauzala prApta hai / zabdacitra kI sArthakatA isa bAta meM hai ki varNya viSaya athavA prasaMga ko aisI zabdAvalI meM aMkita kiyA jAye ki vaha pAThaka ke mAnasa cakSuoM ko tatkAla pratyakSa ho jAe / chaThe sarga meM pArzva prabhu ke vihAra ke antargata prabhaMjana tathA mahAvRSTi ke varNana kI yaha vizeSatA ullekhanIya hai / kAdambinI tadA zyAmAMjanabhUdharasannibhA / vyAnaze vidyudatyugrajvAlAprajvalitAmbarA / / 6.47 garjitaiH sphUrjathuvAna brahmANDaM sphoTayanniva / mApastaDidullAsairvarSati sma ghanAghanaH // 6.46 AsaptarAtrAdAsAraijhaMjhAmArutabhISaNaiH / jalAplutA mahI kRtsnA vyabhAdekArNavA tadA // 6.50 pArzvanAtha kAvya kI bhASA meM rocakatA kI vRddhi karane ke liye kavi ne kucha bhAvapUrNa sUktiyoM kA samAveza kiyA hai| unameM kucha sarasa sUktiyA~ yahA~ dI jAtI haiM / 1. kAmarAgo hi dustyajaH / 1.21 2. jaDAnAmuccasaMgo'pi nIcaiH pAtAya kevalam / 3.144 3. kiM tattapo yadiha bhUtakRpAvihInam / 5.53 alaMkAravidhAna padmasundara ne kAvya meM alaMkAroM kI sthiti tathA upayogitA ke sambandha meM apanA nizcita mata prakaTa kiyA hai| pArzva ke saundarya varNana meM prayukta eka padya ko

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya badala kara kahA jA sakatA hai ki kavi ke vicAra meM alaMkAroM se kAvya-saundarya meM usI taraha vRddhi hotI hai jaise yauvana se zArIrika saundarya khila uThatA hai| anya kaI sthAnoM para bhI usane kAvya ko AgrahapUrvaka 'sAlaMkAra' kahA hai| isase yaha niSkarSa nikAlanA to ucita nahIM ki padmasundara alaMkAravAdI kavi haiM athavA pArzvanAthakAvya meM jAnabUjhakara alaMkAra Aropita kiye gaye haiM kiMtu yaha tathya hai ki bhAvoM ko samartha banAne ke liye kavi ne alaMkAroM kA rucipUrvaka prayoga kiyA hai / upamA ke prati usakA vizeSa pakSapAta hai| prakRti para AdhArita usake upamAna saTIka haiM aura ve varNya viSaya ko spaSTa karane meM samartha haiM / arkakItti ke cakroM se zatru senA kA aise kSaya ho gayA jaise sUrya kI pracaNDa kiraNoM se himarAzi pighala jAtI hai / garmI meM hima ko pighalatI dekhakara saralatA se anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki kAlayavana kI senA kaise dhvasta huI hogI? cakarasya dviSaccakra kSayamApAditaM kSaNAt / mArtaNDakiraNaistIkSNa himAnIpaTalaM yathA // 4.160 isI yuddhavarNana meM kucha rocaka zleSopamAe~ bhI prayukta huI haiN| eka udAharaNa paryApta hogaa| karNalagnA guNayutAH sapatrAH zIghragAminaH / dUtA iva zarA rejuH kRtArthAH parahRdgatAH // 4.152 vakro kta ke prati ruci na hone ke kAraNa kavi ne svabhAvokti ko kAvya meM paryApta sthAna diyA hai| mahAvRSTi kA pUrvoddhRta varNana isakA sarvottama udAharaNa hai| anya jaina kAvyoM ke samAna pArzvanAthakAvya meM nagara kA varNana parisaMkhyA ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai| isa dRSTi se vArANasI kA yaha varNana ullekhanIya hai / dhanviSveva guNAropaH stabdhatA yatra vA madaH / kariSvevAtapatreSu daNDo bhaMgastu vIciSu // 3.7 pArzvanAthakAvya meM atizayokti ke do rUpa milate haiN| eka to vaha jisameM varNya viSaya kI asAdhAraNatA dyotita karane ke liye asambhava kalpanAe~ kI jAtI haiN| eka aisI anUThI atizayokti saundaryavarNana ke prakaraNa meM uddhRta kI cukI hai| dUsarI atizayokti vaha hai, jo kisI vastu ke akalpanIya guNoM athavA prabhAvazAlitA kA varNana karatI hai / nimnokta atizayokti isI prakAra kI hai| jinasnAnAmbupUreNa nRloke nigamAdayaH / nirItayo nirAkAH prajAH sarvAH pavitritAH // 3.123 tRtIya sarga meM pArzva kI stuti meM virodhAbhAsa ke prayoga se jinezvara kA svarUpa aura prasphuTita ho gayA hai / 20. sAlaMkAraH kaveH kAvyasandarbha iva sa vyabhAt / vahI, 3.156 21. vahI, 1.2,7.64,70

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pArzvanAthakAvya : padmasundara abhUSaNo'pi sumago'nadhIto'pi vidAMvaraH / adigdhospi sagaMdhAMgaH saMskAro bhaktireva na // 3.164 416 vyatireka; pArzvanAtha kAvya meM prayukta anya alaMkAroM meM anuprAsa, yamaka, utprekSA, kAvyaliMga, tadguNa, bhrAntimAn, rUpaka, sahokti tathA dRSTAnta mahattvapUrNa hai / chandayojanA chandoM ke prayoga meM padmasundara ne zAstra kA pAlana kiyA hai / kAvya ke prathama sarga meM prayukta vibhinna chanda usake chandakauzala ke paricAyaka haiM / isa sarga meM gyAraha chandoM ko kAvyaracanA kA mAdhyama banAyA gayA hai / unake nAma isa prakAra haiMkhagdharA, zArdUlavikrIDita, vasantatilakA, zAlinI, toTaka, upendravajrA, anuSTup rathoddhatA, drutavimbita, vaMzastha tathA AryA / anya sargoM meM inake atirikta kevala eka nayA chanda - mAlinI prayukta huA hai| isa prakAra samUcA kAvya 12 chandoM meM nibaddha hai / pArzvanAtha ke jIvana para AdhArita he vijayagaNi kA pArzvanAthacarita, jaisA hama Age dekheMge, kAvya tathA paurANika, donoM dRSTiyoM se padmasundara ke kAvya kI apekSA adhika zlAghanIya hai / pArzvanAthakAvya ke apekSAkRta saMkSipta phalaka para pArzvacarita kI kucha rekhAe~ hI ubhara sakI haiM / kavi kA dhyeya kAvya ke vyAja se svadharma tathA ArAdhya kA gaurava gAna karanA hai / isameM use asaphala nahIM kahA jA sakatA / -

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22. pArzvanAthacarita : hemavijayagariNa tapAgacchIya hemavijayagaNi kA pArzvanAthacarita' Alocya yuga kA vizuddha paurANika mahAkAvya hai / isake chaha bRhatkAya sargoM meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA caritra nirUpita karane kA upakrama kiyA gayA hai| pArzvanAtha ke vartamAna ( antima ) bhava kA vRtta kAvya kA gauNa viSaya pratIta hotA hai; isakA adhikAMza, paurANika kAvya kI prakRti ke anurUpa, unake janmAntaroM ke vicitra kintu anivAryataH saMvegajanaka vRttAntoM se AcchAdita hai, jo mUla itivRtta kI pRSThabhUmi nirmita karate hue usake svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa karate haiM / kavi kA pramukha uddezya kathAnaka ke vividha prasaMgoM se karma - siddhAnta kI aTalatA kI pratiSThA karanA tathA Arhata dharma kI karuNA evaM pavitratA kI prakhyApanA ke dvArA use sarvagrAhya banAnA hai / pArzvanAthacarita kA mahAkAvyatva pArzvanAthacarita, kathAvastu kI parikalpanA tathA viniyoga kI dRSTi se, yadyapi upajIvya purANa kI pratimUrti hai tathApi paribhASA ke paripAlana se ise mahAkAvyarUpa dene kI kavi kI vyagratA spaSTa hai / isake AdhAra - phalaka meM, mahAkAvya ke kalevara ke lie vAMchita, paryApta vyApakatA hai / isake kathAnaka kA chaha sargoM meM vibhAjana zAstrIya mAnadaNDa ke anurUpa nahIM hai, kintu kAvya meM sargoM kI saMkhyA kI kamI kI pUrti unake parimANa se ho jAtI hai / pArzvanAthacarita kA kathAnaka pArzvaprabhu ke preraka carita para AdhArita hai / kavi ke zabdoM meM yaha 'saccaritra se camatkRta' ( saccaritra - camatkArI ) hai | dhIra - prazAnta guNoM se sampanna, kSatriyakula- prasUta pArzvanAtha kAvya ke nAyaka haiN| unakI dhIratA tathA prazAntatA ke poSaka, kAvya meM varNita ve agaNita upasarga haiM, jinheM ve vaira bhAva ke binA sahaja samatva se saha kara antataH vartamAna bhava prApta karate haiM / unake samyaktva se anuprANita kAvya meM zAntarasa kI pradhAnatA svAbhAvika thI, jo anya rasoM ke sAtha isakI rasavattA ko saghana banAtA hai / pArzvacarita kI racanA dharma se prerita hai / vividha prakAra se jina-dharma kI dayA, ahiMsA, samatA Adi kA pratipAdana karake usakA unnayana karanA kAvya kA lakSya hai / sarvAnta ke katipaya padyoM ko chor3akara samUce kAvya kI racanA anuSTup chanda meM huI hai / chandoM kA yaha vidhAna pazcimI kAvyazAstra ke adhika anukUla hai, jisameM mahAkAvya ke nirvighna pravAha ke liye eka chanda ke prayoga kI AzaMsA kI gayI hai / I 1. muni mohanalAla jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, saMkhyA 1, samvat 1972.

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pArzvanAthacarita : hemavijayagaNi 421 vividha vastu-varNana pArzvanAthacarita ko paurANikatA kI Uba se bacAne meM samartha haiN| isakI bhASA ko praur3ha to nahIM kahA jA sakatA parantu vaha garimA se vaMcita nahIM hai| kAvya meM prakSipta yuga-cetanA kA pratibimba isake mahAkAvyatva ko dRDhatA pradAna karatA hai / ata: pArzvanAthacarita ko mahAkAvya mAnanA ucita hai yadyapi kavi ne use kahIM bhI 'mahAkAvya' saMjJA se abhihita nahIM kiyA hai / pArzvanAthacarita kI paurANikatA pArzvanAthacarita paurANika mahAkAvya hai, yaha ukti tathya kI punarukti hai| isameM atiprAkRtika ghaTanAoM kI bharamAra hai| svayaM kAvyanAyaka kA vyaktitva devatva se otaprota hai / unake jIvana se sambandhita samasta anuSThAnoM kA Ayojana, devarAja ke netRtva meM devagaNa karate haiM / janmAbhiSeka, niSkramaNotsava, dIkSAgrahaNa, pAraNA, kaivalya-prApti tathA nirvANa ke samaya devagaNa niSThApUrvaka prabhu kI sevA meM tatpara rahate haiN| atiprAkRtika ghaTanAe~ pArzvanAthacarita ko yathArtha ke dharAtala se uThAkara romAMcaka kAvyoM kI zreNI meM pratiSThita karatI haiM / svargaloka kI prakhyAta sughoSA ghaNTA kA parimaNDala eka yojana vistRta thaa| zizu pArzva ke snAtrotsava ke anuSThAna ke liye devagaNa jisa vimAna meM vArANasI Ae the, vaha Der3ha lAkha yojana lambA thA aura usakA siMhAsana ratnoM se nirmita thA / indra bahurUpiye kI taraha kAvya meM svecchApUrvaka nAnA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai| prabhu kI sevA kA anupama puNya arjita karane ke liye usane zizu ko meru parvata para le jAte samaya eka sAtha pAMca rUpa dhAraNa kiye, aura abhiSeka sampanna hone para mAyAkAra kI bhAMti tatkAla unakA saMvaraNa kara liyaa| snAtrotsava ke prasaMga meM usane cAra vRSabhoM kA rUpa dhAraNa karake apane sIMgoM se nissRta dUdha kI ATha dhArAoM se prabhu ko snAna karAne kA alaukika kArya sampanna kiyaa| vaha zizu pArzva ke aMgUThe ko amRta se paripUrNa kara detA hai jisase kSudhA zAnta karane ke liye use kisI bAhya sAdhana para nirbhara na rahanA pdd'e| bandhudatta vidyAdharoM ke sAtha ur3a kara kauzAmbI ke jina-mandira meM jAtA hai / pArzva prabhu ke samavasaraNa kI eka yojana bhUmi meM karor3oM zrotA AsAnI se samA jAte haiN| paurANika kAvyoM ke svarUpa ke anurUpa pArzvanAthacarita meM janmAntaroM kA vistRta varNana hai tathA vartamAna jIvana ke AcaraNa tathA kAryakalApa ko mAnava ke pUrvajanmoM ke karmoM se paricAlita evaM niyantrita mAnA gayA hai / kAvya kA 2. vidhAya paMcadhA''tmAnaM tataH sa tridazezvaraH / pArzvanAthacarita, 4.234 3. atha saudharmanAyaH sa cake rUpacatuSTayam / vRSANAM vRSamAditsuriva jainaM caturvidham // vahI, 4.307 saMjaha vRSarUpANi mAyAkAra iva drutam / vahI, 4.315 4. zakraH saMcArayAmAsa svAmyaMguSThe sudhAmatha / vahI, 4.334

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422 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya adhikatara bhAga pArzva prabhu ke pUrva bhavoM ke varNanoM se hI AcchAdita hai| purohita vasubhUti ke putroM, kamaTha tathA marubhUti kA vaira nirantara dasa janmoM taka calatA hai jisake kAraNa kamaTha kA jIva apane anuja ko kahIM caina nahIM lene detaa| marubhUti samyaktva tathA zukladhyAna ke kAraNa ATha bhavoM ke pazcAt vArANasI-nareza azvasena ke Atmaja pArzva ke rUpa meM janma letA hai / isake viparIta kamaTha, kaSAya tathA ArtadhyAna ke phalasvarUpa, lomaharSaka nArakIya yAtanAeM saha kara, vartamAna bhava meM bhI, meghamAlI asura banatA hai tathA nAnA upasargoM se vairazodhana kA jaghanya udyoga karatA hai / brAhmaNa janma meM apanI patnI kI duzcaritratA tathA hRdayahInatA ke kAraNa sArthavAha sAgaradatta, vartamAna janma meM nArI-mAtra se virakta ho jAtA hai| zabara ke rUpa meM, pazuyugaloM ko niyukta karane ke aparAdha ke pariNAma-svarUpa bandhudatta ko patnIviyoga tathA kArA-daNDa sahanA par3atA hai| pArzvanAthacarita meM dharmadezanAoM kI vistRta yojanA kI gayI hai| kAvya kA koI aisA sarga nahIM jisameM ina dharmopadezoM kA samAveza na kiyA gayA ho / pAMcaveM sarga meM isa upadezAtmaka pravRtti kA prabala rUpa dikhAI detA hai / kAvya meM ina dezanAoM kA upayoga jainadharma evaM darzana ke pratipAdana tathA unakI gauravavRddhi Adi ke liye kiyA gayA hai / aravinda, ki raNavega, vajrabAhu, svarNabAhu, vajranAbha, pArzva Adi ke saMyama grahaNa karane kA tAtkAlika kAraNa ye dharmoMpadeza hI haiM / dhArmika upadezoM kI bhA~ti stotroM kA bhI kAvya meM abAdha samAveza huA hai| kAvya-nAyaka ke jIvana se sambandhita aisA koI prasaMga nahIM hai, jaba devoM dvArA unakI bhakti-vihvala stuti na kI gayI ho / kathA ke bhItara kathA kahane kI paurANika pravRtti kA pArzvanAthacarita meM ugra rUpa dikhAI detA hai| pArzvanAtha ke pUrva bhavoM ke vistRta vivaraNa ke atirikta mukhya kathA meM potanAdhipati aravinda, vidyAdhara vidyudgati, rAjakumArI padmA, sArthavAha sAgaradatta tathA bandhudatta Adi kI avAntara kathAe~ isa prakAra pallavita kI gaI haiM ki kahIM-kahIM mUlakathA gauNa-sI pratIta hone lagatI hai, yadyapi inakA uddezya karma kI aparihAryatA Adi kA pratipAdana karake kAvya kI paurANikatA ko pragADha banAnA hai| kavi tathA racanAkAla pArzvanAthacarita kI prazasti meM hemavijayagaNi ne apanI guru-paramparA kA paryApta paricaya diyA hai| unake vijayaprazastikAvya kI guNavijaya-kRta TIkAprazasti meM muni-paramparA ke atirikta kavi kI racanAoM kI mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI upalabdha hai| inake AdhAra para hemavijaya ke sthitikAla tathA sAhityaka upalabdhiyoM kA nizcita vivaraNa prApta hai| hemavijaya vidvadvara kamalavijaya ke ziSya the| kamalavijaya ke guru amaravijaya, tapAgaccha ke prakhyAtatama AcArya hIravijayasUri

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pArzvanAthacarita : hemavijayagaNi 423 ke paTTadhara vijayasenasUri ke suyogya ziSya the ! hIravijaya kI paramparA muni jagaccandra taka pahu~catI hai jinakI tIvra tapazcaryA ke kAraNa unakA gaccha tapAgaccha nAma se khyAta huA thaa| pArzvanAthacarita kI racanA vijayasenasUri ke dharma-zAsana meM, samvat 1632 (san 1575), phAlguna zuklA dvitIyA ko sampanna huI thii| dRk-kRzAnu-rasa-somamite'bde zakramantriNi dine dvayasaMjJe / hastame ca bahuletarapakSe phAlgunasya caritaM vyaracIdam // prazasti, 14 vijayaprazasti kI TIkAprazasti ke anusAra pArzvanAthacarita kavi ke bAlyakAla kI kRti hai kintu isakA AsvAdana prauDha jana hI kara sakate haiM / yaha pArzvanAthacarita kI kavitA kA udAra mUlyAMkana hai| TIkAprazasti meM hemavijaya kI racanAoM kI jo tAlikA dI gayI hai, usase unakI kAvya-pratibhA tathA sAhityika gatividhi kA paryApta saMketa milatA hai| prastuta kAvya ke atirikta unhone kathAratnAkara, kIrtikallolinI, anyokti-mahodadhi, sUktaratnAvalI, vijaya prakAza, stutitridazataraMgiNI, kastUrIprakara, sadbhAvazataka, vijayastutayaH, RSabhazataka tathA anya saikar3oM stotroM kI racanA kI thii| unakI sAhitya-sAdhanA kI pariNati vijayaprazastikAvya meM huI, jo unake sAhitya-prAsAda kA svarNakalaza hai|" hemavijaya kI kavitA apane lAlitya ke kAraNa vidvAnoM meM prasiddha rahI hai| hemavijaya ke vAglAlitya kI puSTi unake granthoM se hotI hai / pArzvanAthacarita kI pUrti samvat 1632 (1575I0) meM huii| kathAratnAkara samvat 1657 (san 1600) meM likhA gyaa| RSabhazataka 1656 samvat (san 1566) kI racanA hai / ata: solahavIM zatAbdI I0 ke uttarArddha tathA satarahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambhika bhAga ko hemavijaya kA sthitikAla mAnanA sarvathA yuktiyukta hogaa| kathAnaka pArzvanAthacarita chaha sargoM kA mahAkAvya hai| isakA kathAnaka do pRthaka bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| prathama tIna sarga kAvya kI bhUmikAmAtra haiN| inameM kAvyanAyaka pArzvanAtha ke pUrvabhavoM kA vistRta tathA vicitra varNana hai| potanA-nareza aravinda ke purohita vizvabhUti ke putra marubhUti kA jIva, prathama bhava ke agraja kamaTha ke dveSa kA phala bhogatA huA, ATha yoniyoM meM bhaTaka kara, apane samya5. pArzvanAthacarita, prazasti, 7-13 6. prApat bANavasudvayoDupamite tapobhistape__ tyAkhyAti trijagajjanazrutisukhAM yo dUrabhIbhUribhiH // vahI, 2 7. bAlye'pya bAladhIgamyaM zrIpArzvacaritaM mahat / vijayaprazasti, TIkAprazasti, 52 5. vahA, 55

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya ktva tathA upasarga sahana karane kI kSamatA ke kAraNa, antataH vArANasI- nareza azvasena ke putra ke rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai / yahIM, caturtha sarga se kAvya kA mukhya kathAnaka prArambha hotA hai / 424 dikkumAriyA~ nAnA dizAoM se Akara zizu kA jAtakarma karatI haiM / usakA snAtrotsava surapati indra tathA anya devoM ke dvArA TheTha paurANika rIti se meru parvata para sampanna kiyA jAtA hai / mAtA vAmA ne garbhAvasthA meM, rAtri ke gahana andhakAra meM bhI, apane pArzva meM reMgatA sAMpa dekhA thA, ataH zizu kA nAma pArzva rakhA gayA / eka dina kuzasthala kI rAjakumArI prabhAvatI kinnara - mithuna se yuvA pArzva ke saundarya kA varNana sunakara usa para mohita ho jAtI hai / usameM pUrvarAga kA udaya hotA hai / kuvindadayitA ( tantuvAya kI DharakI) kI taraha vaha pala meM bAhara, pala meM bhItara, pala meM nIce, pala meM Upara use kahIM bhI caina nahIM milatI / usakA pitA usa svayamvarA ko turanta pArzva ke pAsa bhejane kA nirNaya karatA hai, kintu tabhI kaliMga kA nyavana zAsaka usa sundarI ko hathiyAne ke liye prasenajit para AkramaNa kara detA hai / usakI parAkramI senA ne kuzasthala ko aise ghera liyA jaise AplAvana ke samaya pRthvI jalarAzi meM majjita ho jAtI hai / ' pArzva yavana- nareza ko daNDita karane ke liye apanI senA ke sAtha kUca karatA hai parantu kaliMgarAja usakI divyatA se hataprabha hokara binA yuddha kiye, usakI adhInatA svIkAra kara letA hai| vaiSayika sukhoM se parAGmukha tathA saMvega meM tatpara pArzvanAtha, apanA bhoga-karma samajhakara tathA pitA ke manoratha kI pUrti ke liye prabhAvatI se vivAha karate haiM / prabhAvatI kRtArtha ho jAtI hai| pAMcaveM sarga meM, eka prAsAda meM aMkita nemideva kA caritra dekhakara pArzva ko saMvegotpatti hotI hai aura ve unhIM kI bhA~ti viSayabhoga chor3akara, tIna sau rAjaputroM ke sAtha, pravrajyA grahaNa karate haiN| dIkSA ke sAtha hI unameM mana:paryaya jJAna sphurita huA / kramazaH vihAra karate hue pArzvaprabhu ne kopaTaka sanniveza meM ke ghara trikoTizuddha pAyata se pAraNA kI / pAraNAsthala para dhanya ne prabhu kI caraNa-pAdukAoM se yukta pITha kI sthApanA kii| zivapurI ke kauzAmbavana meM jahA~ pannagarAja ne pUrvopakAroM ke kAraNa, prabhu ke Upara phaNoM kA chatra dhAraNa kiyA thA, vaha sthAna ahicchatrA nAma se prasiddha huA / kaTha ke jIva nIca meghamAlI asura ne pArzvanAtha ko dAruNa upasarga diye parantu ve saba aise nirarthaka ho gaye jaise saMyamI ke liye nArI ke kaTAkSa | vArANasI meM dhAtakI vRkSa ke nIce, unheM caitra kRSNA caturthI 4 6. kiyanmAtraM sa pArthyo yaH pariNetA prabhAvatIm / vahI, 4.540 taM tat puraM bhUmiriva pAyobhirabdhinA / vahI, 4 . 546 10. IpsitArthe hi sampanne pramodaH kiMkarAyate / vahI, 4.675

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425 pArzvanAthacarita : hemavijayagaNi ko kevalajJAna kI prApti huI / unakI dharmadezanA se unake pitA azvasena, mAtA tathA patnI bhI dIkSita ho jAte haiM / chaThe sarga meM tAmraliptA ke sArthavAha sAgaradatta, nAgapurI ke bandhudatta tathA puNDravardhana ke zrIdhara ke vicitra kintu rocaka varNana haiM / apane pUrvavartI tathA bhAvI bhavoM kA romaharSaka vivaraNa sunakara ve tApasavrata svIkAra karate haiM / nirvANa kA samaya nikaTa Ane para prabhu sammetAdri para aneka zramaNoM ke sAtha, anazana ArAdhanA se zarIra tyAga dete haiM / indra, prabhu tathA zramaNoM ke zava pRthak-pRthak citAoM ko bheMTa kara detA hai / pArzvanAthacarita kA mukhya kathAnaka bhavAntaroM ke ananta varNanoM tathA romAMcaka viSayAntaroM meM aisA ulajhA huA hai ki unakI tulanA meM vaha gauNa-sA pratIta hotA hai| prathama tIna sarga arthAt kAvya kA pUrvArddha marubhUti aura kamaTha ke pUrva bhavoM ke varNana - jAla se AcchAdita hai / ye mUla kathAnaka ke avayava nahIM, usakI prastAvanA haiM / prastAvanA ko nATaka ke samAna AkAra denA kathA - pravAha ke prati kavi ke pramAda kA paricAyaka hai / kathAnviti kI dRSTi se ye sarga sarvathA anAvazyaka tathA aprAsaMgika 1 haiM / inheM AsAnI se chor3A jA sakatA thA / mukhya kathA ke sAtha inakA atyanta sUkSma sambandha hai / pArzvanAtha kA mUla carita bhI, unake janmAbhiSeka, pravrajyA, niSkramaNa, vihAra Adi ke paurANika varNanoM, stotroM, dharmopadezoM tathA avAntara - kathAoM kI partoM meM daba gayA hai / chaThe sarga ke adhikAMza kA kathAnaka se kevala itanA sambandha hai ki usameM varNita pAtra pArzvaprabhu se apane pUrvajanmoM kA varNana sunakara, jinake kAraNa unheM vartamAna jIvana meM yAtanAe~ sahanI par3IM, pratibodha pAkara saMyama vrata grahaNa karate haiM / isa sarga kA adhikatara bhAga bandhudatta ke vicitra vRtta ne har3apa liyA hai / pArzvacarita se sambandhita isa sarga kI sAmagrI ko saralatA se sau-Der3ha sau padyoM meM sameTA jA sakatA hai / yaha saca hai ki Akara-granthoM meM pArzvacarita isI rUpa meM nirUpita hai kintu use yathAvat grahaNa karanA mahAkAvya ke liye Avazyaka nahIM hai / kAvya ke dvArA karmaphala kI avazyambhAvitA tathA jinadharma ke gaurava kA pratipAdana karanA kavi kA mukhya lakSya hai / pArzvanAthacarita kA AdhArasrota donoM sampradAyoM ke purANoM meM jainadharma ke prasiddha 63 mahApuruSoM ke caritoM / / car dAtA sadAvA vArA va havA " kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / uttaravartI kaviyoM ne sampradAya-bheda se ina granthoM ko apanI racanAoM kA AdhAra banAyA hai / zvetAmbara hemavijaya ke prastuta pArzvanAthacarita kA srota AcArya hemacandra kA triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita hai ( 6-2-4) / tri0 za0 pu0 carita meM nirUpita pArzvacarita ke sAtha hemavijaya ke kAvya kI tulanA se spaSTa hai ki pArzvanAthacarita hemacandra ke grantha kI saccI pratikRti hai / pArzvanAtha * ke pUrvabhavoM tathA mUla kathAnaka ke pratyeka prasaMga tathA ghaTanA ke nirUpaNa meM hemavijaya

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426 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya ne triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita kA isa niSThA se anugamana kiyA hai aura hemacandra ke bhAvoM ko isa udAratA se grahaNa kiyA hai ki unakA pArzvanAthacarita, tri0 za0 pu0 carita ke sambandhita prakaraNa kA abhinava saMskaraNa bana gayA hai aura vaha kavi kI isa pratijJA--caritraM pArzvadevasya yathAdRSTaM prakAzyate (1.24)- kI pUrti karatA hai| antara kevala itanA hai ki hemavijaya ne tri0 za0 pu0 carita ke pArzvacarita ko svatantra mahAkAvyocita vistAra ke sAtha 3041 padyoM ke tigune kalevara meM prastuta kiyA hai| AkAra meM yaha vRddhi kathAnaka ke aMgabhUta athavA avAntara prasaMgoM ke savistAra varNana se sambhava huI hai| udAharaNArtha tri0 za0 pu0 carita meM suvarNabAhu kI SaTkhaNDavijaya kA eka paMkti meM saMketa mAtra kiyA gayA hai| hemavijaya ne isa vijaya kA pUre 228 padyoM meM vistRta varNana karake mUla kathAnaka kI bhUmikA ke isa aMza ko anAvazyaka mahattva diyA hai| yahA~ yaha kahanA aprAsaMgika na hogA ki svarNabAhu kI vijaya kA yaha varNana cakravartI bharata kI SaTkhaNDavijaya para AdhArita hai, jisakA hemacandra ne apane kAvya ke prathama parva meM savistAra nirUpaNa kiyA hai| isI prakAra zizu pArzva ke janmotsava tathA janmAbhiSeka ke hemacandra ke saMkSipta varNana 2 (13 padya) ko pArzvanAthacarita meM 316 padyoM meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| pArzvanAthacarita ke kucha aise prasaMga haiM jinakA tri0 za0 pu0 carita meM abhAva hai athavA unakA bhinna prakAra se nirUpaNa huA hai athavA unake krama meM viparyAsa hai / vajranAbha ke mAtula-putra kubera kA prasaMga tathA usa dvArA pratipAdita cArvAka darzana aura muni lokacandra kA usakA prativAda'' tri0 za0 pu0 carita meM upalabdha nahIM hai / hemacandra ke anusAra vajrabAhu kI rAjadhAnI purANapura thii| pArzvanAthacarita meM usakA nAma surapura hai| hemacandra ke kAvya meM, AzramavAsinI vidyAdharakanyA padmA gAndharvavidhi se vivAha karake pati suvarNabAhu ke sAtha akelI vaitADhyagiri ko prasthAna karatI hai| pArzvanAthacarita meM usakI vyavahArakuzala sakhI nandA bhI, usakI paricArikA ke rUpa meM, sAtha jAtI hai| hemacandra ke vivaraNa ke anusAra pArzva ne 11. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita (aMgrejI anuvAda), gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sIrIja,. saMkhyA 130, jilda 5, pR0 375 pArzvanAthacarita, 3.275-503 12. tri0 za0 pu0 carita (pUrvokta), pR0 376-380; pArzvanAthacarita, 4.1.316 13. pArzvanAthacarita, 2.148-163 14. vahI, 2.172-222 15. tri0 za0 pu0 carita (pUrvokta), pR0 366, pArzvanAthacarita 3.1 16. tri0 za0 pu0 carita (pUrvokta), pR0 375. pArzvanAthacarita, 3.257-258

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pArzvanAthacarita : hemavijayagaNi 427 bhogya karmoM ke phala kA kSaya hone para tapasyA grahaNa karane kA nizcaya kiyA / 'jinendra apane bhogakarmoM kA kSaya karane ke liye gArhasthya jIvana svIkAra karate haiM, isa tathya kA pArzvanAthacarita meM, pArzva ke vivAha-prasaMga meM ullekha avazya hai kiMtu unakI pravrajyA kA tAtkAlika kAraNa, prAsAda meM aMkita neminAtha kA preraka carita thA, jise dekhakara unameM saMvega kA udreka hotA hai| triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita meM kevalajJAnI pArzva apanI prathama dezanA meM paMca vratoM tathA unake vyatikramoM kA vivecana karate haiM / pArzvanAthacarita meM usake antargata caturvidha dharma kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA suvarNabAhu tathA tApasabAlA padmA ke vivAha kA prakaraNa yadyapi tri0 za0 pu0 carita meM upalabdha hai aura hemavijaya ne usI ke anusAra, apane kAvya meM, isakA pratipAdana kiyA hai| kiMtu isa prasaMga ke liye svayaM hemacandra kAlidAsa ke abhijJAnazAkuntala ke RNI haiN| unhoMne nATaka ke prathama cAra aMkoM kI pramukha ghaTanAe~ apane vRtta kI prakRti ke anurUpa prastuta kI haiN| jaina kaviyoM ke vivaraNa meM kyoMki muni gAlava svayaM, tapasvI kI bhaviSyavANI ke anusAra, svarNabAhu se padmA ke vivAha kA prastAva karate haiM, ataH unake praNaya kI udbhUti tathA pariNati ke liye, kaNva kI taraha gAlava ko tapovana se dera taka dUra rakhanA bhAvazyaka nahIM thaa| kAvya meM ve abhyAgata RSi ko vidA karake Azrama meM zIghra lauTa Ate haiN| nATaka ke caturtha aMka taka sImita hone ke kAraNa pArzvanAthacarita ke isa prasaMga meM durvAsA ke zApa ke liye bhI koI avakAza nahIM hai| zeSa prAyaH samasta ghaTanAe~ abhijJAnazAkuntala kI anugAmI haiN| svarNabAhu ke Azrama meM Agamana se lekara padmA kI kAruNika vidAI taka ke samasta itivRtta ko kAvya meM sameTane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / rasacitraNa azvaghoSa kI taraha hemavijaya ne kaviyaza kI prApti athavA camatkRti utpanna karane ke liye kAvyaracanA nahIM kI hai / usakA pramukha uddezya kavitA ke sarasa mAdhyama 17. bhogakarmakSayArtha hi jinA gArhasthyavAsinaH / pArzvanAthacarita, 4.672 18. vahI, 5.57-63 16. vahI, 5.368-28 20. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita (pUrvokta) pR0 371-375 21. pArzvanAthacarita, 3.63-234 21. isa viSaya kI vistRta vivecanA ke lie dekhiye hamArA nibandha 'A Versified Adaptation of Abhijnanasakuntalam (I-IV)' VIJ, Hoshiarpur, 1981, P,99-105

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428 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya se mokSa kA ananta sukha prApta karanA hai / isa saMkucita dRSTikoNa ne usakI kavitA ko dharmavRtti kI cerI banA diyA hai, kiMtu usakA ninti mata hai ki kavitA kI sArthakatA rasAtmakatA meM nihita hai| gaMgA kI pAvana dhArA ke samAna vahI kAvya tApahArI (Anandaprada) hai jisakA AdhAra tIvra rasavattA ho / kAvya meM rasa kI sthiti ke prati kavi ke isa dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa pArzvanAthacarita meM, caritAtmaka racanA hote hue bhI, vibhinna rasoM kI tIvra vyaMjanA huI hai| janma-janmAntaroM, uttamaadhama vividha sthitiyoM, citra-vicitra ghaTanAoM, romAMcaka prasaMgoM tathA karmasiddhAnta se prerita mAnava ke utthAna-patana se sambaddha hone ke nAte pArzvanAthacarita meM vibhinna manorAgoM ke citraNa kA mukta avakAza hai| hemavijaya manobhAvoM kA kuzala citrakAra hai / yaha tIvra rasavyaMjanA pArzvanAthacarita kI ullekhanIya vizeSatA hai| pArzvanAthacarita vairAgya-pradhAna kAvya hai| bhogatyAga isake pAtroM kI pramukha vizeSatA hai / sAMsArika sukhoM kI kSaNikatA, viSayoM kI virasatA tathA vaibhava kI nazvaratA se trasta hokara unameM saMvega kA udaya hotA hai jisake phalasvarUpa ve saba antataH dIkSA grahaNa karate haiM, jo kavi ke zabdoM meM mukti-ramaNI kI agradUtI hai --- muktisImanninI-dUtIM dIkSAM saMvegato'grahIt (5.435) / ataH pArzvanAthacarita meM zAntarasa kI pradhAnatA hai| zAntarasa kA sthAyI bhAva zama athavA nirveda kAvya-pAtroM kI mUla vRtti hai, jo anukUla bhAva-sAmagrI se sikta hokara zAnta ke rUpa meM prasphuTita hotI hai / aravinda, vajrabAhu, svarNabAhu, pArzva, sAgaradatta Adi sabhI vividha mArgoM se zAntarasa ke eka bindu para pahu~cate haiN| AkAza meM hRdayagrAhI meghamAlA ko sahasA vilIna hotA dekhakara potanA-nareza aravinda kA hRdaya jIvana kI kSaNikatA tathA vaiSayika sukhoM kI chalanA se Ahata ho jAtA hai| usakI yaha manodazA zAntarasa meM vyakta huI hai| maNimANikyasAmrAjyarAjyarUpA api shriyH| sarvA api vilIyante sthAsakA iva tatkSaNAt // 1.206 kAH striyaH ke sutAH kiJca rAjyaM parijanazca kaH ? kA'sau sampat punaH ko'haM sarva meghAnusAryadaH // 1.207 tanmudhaiva nimagno'smi sule sAMsArike bhRzam / yatphalaM mUlanAzAya rambhAphalamiva dhravama // 1.208 aMgI rasa zAnta ke atirikta pArzvanAthacarita meM zRMgAra, raudra, bhayAnaka, 22. yaccakre caritaM camatkRtakRti zrIpArzvaneturmayA kintvAtmAnamanantanivRtimayaM netuM padaM nirvRteH // vahI, 6.474 23. jayanti kavayaH sarve sursaarthmhodyaaH| zivAzrayA rasAdhArA yadgIgaMgeva tApahRt // vahI, 1.6

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pArzvanAthacarita : hemavijayagaNi 426 vAtsalya Adi rasoM kA bhI yatheSTa paripAka huA hai / zrRMgAra zAntarasa kA virodhI dhruva hai| kAvya meM usake citraNa ke liye adhika sthAna bhI nahIM hai, kintu zAnta kI bhA~ti zRMgAra ko pallavita karane meM hemavijaya kI siddhahastatA nirvivAda hai| usakI tUlikA ne kAvya meM zRMgAra ke ubhaya pakSoM ke prabhAvI citra aMkita kiye haiN| kamaTha aura vasundharA ke ramaNa tathA pArzva evaM prabhAvatI kI vivAhoparAnta vilAsa-krIr3A meM sambhoga-zRMgAra kA saphala paripAka huA hai| kamaTha tathA vyabhicAriNI vasundharA kI avaidha rati meM zRMgAra ke sambhoga pakSa kI pragADhatA ullekhanIya hai| tatastau nirbhayaM bhAvanirbharau rahasi sthitau / remAte kAmamuddAmakAmayAmikabodhitau // 1.115 kadAcid viralIbhUtau lakSmI-lakSmIpatI iva / ekIbhUtau kadAcicca gaurI-gaurIpatI iva // 1.117 hAsyarullAsitAnaMgavibhramau shubhrvibhrmo| ciraM cikrIDatuH kAmakiMkarAviva nistrapau // 1.118 rAjakumArI prabhAvatI ke pUrvarAga ke citraNa meM vipralambha kI vyathA hai| kAvya meM yahI eka sthala hai, jahA~ vipalambha-zRMgAra kA nirUpaNa huA hai, kintu saMkSipta hotA huA bhI yaha apanI sUkSmatA tathA painepana ke kAraNa hRdaya ke antarAla meM paiThane kI kSamatA rakhatA hai| kinna ra-yugala se yuvA pArzva ke saundarya tathA guNoM kA varNana sunakara prabhAvatI kAmAtura ho jAtI hai| pArzva ke binA use kahIM bhI kala nahIM hai| viraha ke prahAra ne use jarjara kara diyA hai| sA kanyA'naMgasaMsargAd naanaavsthaamupeyussii| rati kutrApi na prApa matsIva svalpapAthasi / / 4.512 kSaNaM bahiH kSaNaM madhye kSaNaM covaM kSaNaM tvdhH| kuvindadayitevaiSA naikAM sthitimupAgamat // 4.513 zRMgAra ke samAna vIrarasa bhI zAnta kA pratidvandvI hai / kAvya meM 'vIrahIrANAM dorbalaM balam' (4.543) kI gUMja avazya sunAI par3atI hai, parantu jaina kavi kI ahiMsAvAdI vRtti ko yuddha athavA usakI hiMsA kadApi sahya nahIM hai / ataH usane jAnabUjha kara eka aisA avasara hAtha se kho diyA hai jahA~ vIrarasa kI sazakta abhivyakti ho sakatI thI / kaliMgarAja rAjakumArI ko balAt prApta karane ke liye prasenajit kI rAjadhAnI para dhAvA bola detA hai / vaha dUta ke zAntiprayAsa ko bhI vIrocita darpa se ThukarA detA hai kintu pArzva kI divyatA se abhibhUta hokara vaha sahasA gherA uThA letA hai / yaha yuddha kA unnayana nahIM, usakA parityAga hai / isakA ekamAtra kAraNa saMyamadhana kavi kI yuddha ke prati saMskAragata ghRNA hai|| raudra, bhayAnaka tathA vAtsalya rasoM ke citraNa meM hemavijaya kI kuzalatA

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430 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya asaMdigdha hai, yadyapi ina rasoM meM usane vibhAvoM kI apekSA anubhAvoM kI abhivyakti ko adhika mahattva diyA hai| sabhAbhUmi meM digvijayI svarNabAhu ke bANa ke prahAra se magadharAja baukhalA uThatA hai| usake krodha ke citraNa meM raudrarasa anubhAvoM ke rUpa meM prakaTa huA hai| patitaM patriNaM pRthvyAM tato mAgadhatIrtharAT / bhogIvAtmIyahantAraM vIkSya kopaparo'jani // 3.351 kRtAntakArmukAkArabhRkuTIbhaMgabhISaNaH / vAyupUritabhastrAbhanAsAsampuTadAruNaH // 3.352 AtAmrIkRtanayanastrirekhAkRtabhAlabhUH / ityasau vacanaM proccaiH kopodgAramivAvamat // 3.353 parvatAkAra marubhUti hAthI ke acAnaka AkramaNa se kAphile ke logoM meM bhagadar3a maca jAtI hai / unakI khalabalI ke varNana meM bhayAnaka rasa kA paripAka huA hai| so'tha sArthajanAn dantAvalaH proddAmadhAmabhRt / bhAyayAmAsa dantAbhyAM bhujAbhyAmiva dantirAD // 1.286 Arohana bhUruhAn ke'pi dAvArtA vAnarA iva / gahvare prAvizan ke'pi vyAdhatrastA mRgA iva // 1.287 mUchitAnye'patana ke'pi viSAghrAtA iva kssitau| paryATannAraTantazca ke'pi bhUtAturA iva // 1.288 vAtsalyarasa kI madhura chaTA pArzva ke zaizava ke varNana meM dikhAI detI hai| apanI DagamagAtI cAla, dhUlidhUsarita aMgoM, tutalAtI vANI tathA anya bAlakeliyoM se vaha mAtA-pitA ke hRdaya ko Anandita karatA huA ghara ke AMgana meM ThumakatA hai| isa prakAra pArzvanAthacarita meM mukhya rasoM kI niSpatti huI hai, jo kAvya ko rasArdra banA kara pAThaka ko rasacarvaNA karAne meM pUrNatayA samartha haiN| prakRti-citraNa hemavijaya ne apane carita ko mahAkAvya banAne kA tatparatA se prayatna kiyA hai| mahAkAvya-paramparA ke anurUpa usane pArzvanAthacarita meM nagara, parvata, rAtri, dAvAgni, RtuoM ke lalita varNana kiye haiM, jo isa itivRttAtmaka kAvya kI paurANika nIrasatA ko meTa kara usameM rocakatA kA spandana karate haiN| mAghottara kaviyoM kI taraha hemavijaya ne prakRti ke na to uddIpana-pakSa ko adhika mahattva diyA hai aura na usa para mAnavIya cetanA kA Aropa kiyA hai / usane bahudhA prakRti ke svAbhAvika rUpa kA citraNa kiyA hai, kintu hemavijaya prakRti-citraNa kI samavartI zailI ke prabhAva se na baca skaa| phalataH, pArzvanAtha meM prAyaH sarvatra prakRti ke saMzliSTa varNana dRSTigata 24. vahI, 4.386,362,364.

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pArzvanAthacarita : hemavijayagaNi 431 hote haiM, jinameM vividha alaMkAroM ke sahAre prakRti ke sahaja rUpa kA citraNa kiyA jAtA hai| vaitADhayagiri, rAtri tathA dAvAnala ko kavi ne isI zailI meM citrita kiyA hai| inameM dAvAgni kA zabdacitra atIva sajIva tathA prabhAvazAlI hai| sattvAnAM karuNadhvAnasnehasekAdivAdhikaH / dAvAgniranyadA tatra hemAdrAvudapadyata // 2.104 jvAlAbhirucchalantIbhividyudbhiriva laanychitH| dhUmo'pi vyAnaze dhUmro dharottha iva vArdharaH / / 2.105 kAraratraTatkAraiH kandarAn rodayanniva / sphuliMgerucchaladbhizca tArakAn nodayanniva // 2.106 dhUsara--masandohairandhayanniva bhUtalam / prAsIsarad vane tatra dAvAgniH kAlarAtrivat // 2.107 zaratkAla kA prastuta varNana bhI saMzliSTAtmaka zailI kA dyotaka hai| zarat ke svAbhAvika upakaraNoM kA yaha citraNa utprekSA kA sparza pAkara rocakatA se dIpta ho gayA hai| daurbalyaM vAhinIvAhA bhejuryatra vaco'tigam / gANDUSIkRtapAthodheragasterIkSaNAdiva // 1.184 nIraM nIrajanIrandhra svacchaM nIrAzayeSvabhUt / anantAnantanamalyaspardhayeva samantataH // 1.185 vikAzaH kAzapuSpANAM zobhate yatra nirbharam / haMsAnAmIyuSAM muktopadeva vihitA bhuvA // 1.186 bhAti yatrAtilakSmIka maNDalaM mRgalakSmaNaH / jagajjetumivodyuktaM cakraM kandarpacakriNaH // 1.187 hemavijaya ne apane kAvya meM isI zailI meM pazuprakRti kA bhI eka citra aMkita kiyA hai| prastuta paMktiyoM meM gIdar3oM kI prakRti kA citraNa hai, jo rAtri meM svara milAkara bhoMkAra chor3ate haiN| gomAyavo raTanti sma paryaTantaH pade pade / rAtrau rAtricarAH sadyaH prasUtAH pRthukA iva // 5.275 hemavijaya kA prakRti-prema una aprastutavidhAnoM meM bhI prakaTa huA hai, jo usane prakRti se grahaNa kie haiN| ye usakI tattvagrAhI dRSTi tathA prakRti kI vibhinna avasthAoM ke jJAna ke jIvanta pratIka hai| 25. katipaya prakRti para AdhArita aprastuta avalokanIya haiM - vinAmbhodaM yathA kRSiH (2.216), zItAta iva taraNim (3.132), dhArAhatakadambadrupuSpavat samudazvasat (4.340), mA vidhehi mudhA kaSTaM bIjoptimiva

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432 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya saundarya-citraNa hemavijaya kI saundaryAbhiruci prakRtivarNana ke atirikta saundarya-citraNa' meM bhI vyakta huI hai| usane apane pAtroM ke zArIrika saundarya kA jo citraNa kiyA hai, vaha sahI artha meM nakhazikha hai / saundarya-varNana kI yaha praNAlI bahuta pahale baddhamUla ho cukI thii| paravartI kaviyoM ne usameM udbhAvanA karane kI apanI asamarthatA ko varNana kI bArIkiyoM se santulita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| hemavijaya ne pArzva ke saundaryavarNana meM unake caraNoM ke nakhoM se lekara uSNISa taka kA kramabaddha citraNa kiyA hai| unakI aMguliyoM ke paryoM tathA paryoM kI saubhAgyasUcaka yavarAji ko bhI kavi nahIM bhalA sakA / isa prasaMga meM usake prAyaH sabhI aprastuta pUrvajJAta athavA ghise-piTe haiN| prabhAvatI kA nakhazikhavarNana bhI navInatA se zUnya, rUr3ha, hai| kavi ne yahA~ saundaryavarNana kA pUrva krama viparyasta kara diyA hai| pArzvanAtha ke viparIta prabhAvatI kA citraNa usakI kezarAzi se Arambha hokara jaMghAoM ke varNana se samApta hotA hai| hemavijaya kA yaha saundarya-varNana punarukti se bharapUra haiN| isIliye isameM piSTapeSaNa adhika hai| usake kezoM tathA stanoM ke citraNa para kramaza: do tathA cAra padya vyaya kiye gaye haiM / ina donoM varNanoM meM kavi ne jahA~ navIna aprastutoM kI avatAraNA kI hai, vahA~ una avayavoM ke saundarya kI abhivyakti meM samarthatA tathA rocakatA AI hai| udAharaNArtha, prabhAvatI kI bhauMheM aisI pratIta hotI thoM mAno netroM kI dIpikA ke taTa para lAvaNyavallarI ke do aMkura uga Aye hoM (4.441) / usakI komala bhujAe~ yuvakoM ke caMcala mana ko bA~dhane ke do pAza haiM (4.456) / gambhIra nAbhi bahumUlya nidhi ko chipAne kA kAma dvArA nirmita bila hai (4.464) / parantu prabhAvatI kA sarvottama alaMkaraNa yauvana hai, jo, kavi ke zabdoM meM, mAnava-zarIra kA sahaja maNDana hai (4.466) / ___ tApasabAlA padmA kA saundarya-citraNa apanI saMkSiptatA tathA upamAnoM kI saTIkatA ke kAraNa kavi ke saundaryabodha ko jisa uttamatA se rekhAMkita karatA hai, utanA anya koI varNana nahIM / isameM prayukta upamAna kavi kI sUjhabUjha tathA paryavekSaNazakti ke paricAyaka haiM aura unase isa saundarya-citra kI svAbhAvikatA meM vRddhi huI hai| padmA kI kezarekhA (mAMga) aisI pratIta hotI hai mAnoM saMsAra ko lUTane vAle dasyu kAma kA rAjapatha ho| usakI sarala bhujAe~ rati ke jhUle kI rassiyoM ke samAna pAvake (5.25), na lebhe caitasaM svAsthyaM dharmotapta ivAdhvagaH (5.230), marI vArivad durlabham (5.416), pihitA cetanA'dabhrAbhreNeva zazinaH kalA (6.5) viraktaH sarvathA strISu padminISviva candramA: (6.11), bandhuM gaveSayAmAsa rajasIva mahAmaNim (6-164) /

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433. pArzvanAthacarita : hemavijayagaNi haiM, puSTa nitamba svargaMgA ke taToM kA smaraNa karAte hai aura usakI suDola jaMghAe~ kAma ke tarakaza haiM / sImantaH sthapuTaH spaSTo bhAtyasyA mUni subhruvaH / adhveva muSNato vizva paMceSoH parimoSiNaH // 3.107 zobhete subhruvo'muSyAH saralau ca bhujAvubhau / hRddamanakavandhau rateH khAguNAviva // 3.114 nitambambe bhAtossyA, nitambinyA: samunnate / zAradikairdhanai dhaute kUle svargadhuneriva // 3.116 udvRtte sarale jaMghe vibhAto'syA mRgIdRzaH / nyAsIkRtAvivAtmIyau tUNIrau mInaketunA // 3.117 vijaya ne saundarya meM vRddhi karane vAle prasAdhanoM tathA AbhUSaNoM kA varNana bhI apane kAvya meM kiyA hai / kamaTha se ramaNa karane ko Atura vasundharA ke zRMgAra ke varNana meM ina donoM kA samanvaya hai / sAMjanaM kSepayAmAsa netrayoH sphAratArayoH / rudradRgdagdhapaMceSorivojjIvanabheSajam // 1.107 cakre ca cAndanaM citraM vicitraM citrakRcciram / kAma bhUpaprakAzAya pradIpamiva sA'like / / 1.108 vidhAya bandhanaM bADhaM sUtrayAmAsa sAMgikAm / jagajjeturmahAnaMgarAjJaH paTakuTImiva // 1.111 caritracitraNa pArzvanAthacarita ke kathAnaka meM pUre dasa janmoM kA vRtta vyApta hai / marubhUti kA jIva nAnA yoniyoM meM kisa prakAra dveSa kA phala bhoga kara pArzva ke rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai, isakI carcA pahale kI gayI hai / kAvya kI mukhya kathA meM kevala cAra pAtra haiM- pArzvanAtha, prabhAvatI, azvasena tathA vAmA / kAvya kA nAyaka hone ke nAte pArzva ke caritra kA yatheSTa vikAsa svAbhAvika thA / anya pAtroM ke caritra kI kucha sthUla rekhAe~ hI prasphuTita ho sakIM hai / pArzvacarita kI janma-janmAntaroM meM vyApti tathA usake apratima mahattva kI partoM meM daba kara unake carita dhUmila ho gaye haiM / pArzvanAtha kAvyanAyaka pArzvanAtha vArANasI- nareza azvasena kA putra hai / usakA caritra paurANika pariveza meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai, ataH kAvya meM usake purANa- prathita caritra se koI bhinnatA athavA navInatA nahIM hai / vaha Adyanta paurANika pArzva kI pratimUrti hai / pArzvanAtha divyatA se otaprota, caturvidha dharma ke pravartaka tIrthaMkara haiM / kAvya

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434 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya meM u ke atizayoM kA vistRta varNana hai| unake vihAra se dubhikSa, mahAmArI Adi utpAta tatkAla zAnta ho jAte haiN| vyaktitva kI alaukikatA ke kAraNa unakA svargavAsI devoM ke sAtha avicchedya sambandha hai| devagaNa sadaiva unakI sevA meM tatpara rahate haiN| janmA.bhaSeka se lekara antyeSTi taka unake sabhI Ayojana devoM dvArA sampanna kiye gaye haiN| pArzvanAtha guNavAn tathA rUpavAn yuvaka hai| yauvana meM unakA zArIrika lAvaNya aura prasphuTita ho jAtA hai| rAjakumArI prabhAvatI unake saundarya evaM guNoM kA varNana sunane mAtra se unameM anurakta ho jAtI hai| pArzvanAtha meM vIratA tathA vairAgya kA adbhuta samanvaya hai| vaha, pitA ko roka kara, svayaM yavana rAja ke viruddha prayANa karatA hai| kamalanAla ukhAr3ane meM airAvata kA pravRtta honA hAsyAspada hai| pArzvanAtha ke pratApa se bhIta hokara yavanarAja unakA vazavartI bana jAtA hai aura apanI duzceSTA ke liye kSamAyAcanA karatA hai| yaha unhIM ke pratApa kA phala hai ki yavananareza kuzasthala vA gherA uThA letA hai aura prasenajit ke Upara se vipatti ke bAdala chaMTa jAte haiN| prasenajit kRtajJatApUrvaka usase prabhAvatI kA vivAha ka ne kA prastAva karatA hai, kintu, pitA kI anumati ke binA, use yaha mAnya nahIM hai / vAstavikatA to yaha hai ve viSayabhogoM se sarvathA virakta haiN| saMyama unake jIvana kA sarvasva hai / unake liye nArI sarpiNI hai, jo, cAhe anurakta ho yA virakta, puruSa ko Dasakara usakA sarvanAza kara detI hai (4.653) / usake pitA ko bhI yaha vizvAsa nahIM ki vaha vivAha karanA svIkAra kregaa| kiM caiSa pArzvakumAro bhogebhya vipraangmukhH| Ajanmato viraktAtmA na jAne kiM kariSyati // 4.643 kintu janma se viraktAtmA hone para bhI vaha pUrva karmabhogoM ke kSaya ke liye pitA kA Adeza zirodhArya karatA hai / prabhAvatI unheM pati ke rUpa meM pAkara kRtakRtya ho jAtI hai| kiMtu vaivAhika sukha unakI zamavRtti ko damita nahIM kara sake / neminAtha ke udAtta carita se preraNA pAkara unakA saMvega prabala ho jAtA hai aura unheM saMsAra kUpa ke samAna tathA viSaya khAre jala ke samAna nIrasa pratIta hone lagate haiN| phalata: ve rAjasI vaibhava kA parityAga kara saMyamazrI kA varaNa karate haiN| unakI sahiSNutA ananta, vastuta: akalpanIya hai ! pUrva janmoM meM ve kurkaTa ahi, siMha, bhIla Adi ke mantika utpAta samyaktva se sahana karate haiN| vartamAna bhava meM asura meghamAlI ke upasarga bhI unheM vicalita nahIM kara sake / isa sAdhanA kI pariNati kaivalya kI prApti meM huI jo unake zivatva kA dvAra hai / prabhAvatI kuzasthala-nareza prasenajit kI putrI prabhAvatI kAvya kI nAyikA hai / vaha nava.

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pArzvanAthacarita : hemavijayagaNi 435. yauvanA sundarI hai, lAvaNya-lakSmI kA keligRha / usakA nakhazikhavarNana usake saundarya kI anavadyatA kI svIkRti hai| . vaha guNajJA yuvatI hai| kinnara-mithuna se rAjakumAra pArzva ke guNoM kA varNana sunakara vaha usa para mugdha ho jAtI hai| apane prANavallabha ko pAne ke liye usakI adhIratA itanI bar3ha jAtI hai ki vaha usakI tIvratA se cetanA-zUnya-sI bana jAtI hai| kaliMga ke yavana zAsaka ne use chala-bala se hastagata karane kA pUrNa prayatna kiyA kiMtu usake liye jagat pArzvamaya bana cukA hai| pArzva ke astitva ke atirikta samUcA jagat usake lie zUnya hai / cirapratIkSA ke pazcAt jaba pArzva usakA vivAhaprastAva svIkAra karate haiM, usakA mana AhlAda se jhUma uThatA hai / yaha usake manoratha kI carama pariNati hai| anyAnya vyaktiyoM ke sAtha vaha bhI apane kevalajJAnI pati se dIkSA grahaNa karatI hai| azvasena azvasena kAvyanAyaka pArzvanAtha ke pitA haiN| kAvya meM unake caritra kA vikAsa nahIM ho sakA hai| kevala unake putra-vAtsalya kI eka madhura jhAMkI dekhane ko milatI hai / putra-prApti se ve aise praphullita ho jAte haiM, jaise jaladhArA se kadamba / usa samaya unake liye kucha bhI adeya nahIM thaa| pUtrajanma ke upalakSya meM unhoMne rAjya ke samasta bandiyoM ko mukta kara diyA aura samUce kara samApta kara diye / vAmA vAmA pArzvaprabhu kI mAtA hai / use paramparAgata caudaha svapna dikhAI dete haiM jinake phalasvarUpa use vibhUtimAn putra kI prApti hotI hai / vaha bhI pati ke sAtha pravrajyA grahaNa karatI hai| anya pAtra pUrva bhavoM ke pAtroM meM kiraNavega, vajranAbha, vajrabAhu tathA svarNabAhu ullekhanIya haiN| inameM svarNabAhu cakravartI samrAT hai| usane SaTkhaNDavijaya se apane varcasva tathA cakravartitva kI pratiSThA kI hai| kintu una sabake carita taMga ghere meM sImita haiM aura unakA eka zailI meM pallavana kiyA gayA hai| isIliye unake caritroM meM nIrasa ekarUpatA hai / ve pUrNa tallInatA se vaibhava kA bhoga karate haiM parantu kisI ghaTanA athavA muni ke upadeza se virakti kA udreka hone para use tRNavat tyAga kara saMyama kI lakSmI svIkAra karate haiN| bhASA pahile kahA gayA hai, pArzvanAthacarita kI racanA yazaprApti athavA vidvattApradarzana ke liye nahIM huI hai / hemavijaya ke anusAra kAvya kA gaurava manorama padazayyA

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436 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya tathA rasavattA para AdhArita hai| kAvya meM jisa bhASA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, vaha sacce artha meM sarala hai / kAvya ko lokagamya banAne kI vyagratA ke kAraNa kavi ne bhASA kI zuddhatA kI ora bhI adhika dhyAna nahIM diyA hai| mUcci tAnye (1.288), na iti vaktum (3.287), dhAryate mUrTina (1.415), nyaSa daMzca (2.56), rAjyabhAra sutasyAdAt (2.64), uttatAra turaMgAt sma (3.87), gAnti sma (4.266), mahArAjJaH, ruruce'sya Adi apANinIya prayoga nizcintatA se kie gae haiM / chandapUrti ke liye zabdoM ke vAstavika rUpa ko vikRta karane meM bhI kavi ne saMkoca nahIM kiyA hai| dvipa ko dvIpa (1.377), dvIpa kA dvipa (1.25), tathA SaDAH aura gUDhagarbhA ko kramazaH SaDarakA: (1.30) tathA gaDha garabhA (4.106) banA denA isI chandIya anurodha kA pariNAma hai| ise bhASAvijJAna kI zabdAvalI meM svarAgama kahA jAegA kintu ye vicitra pada chanda-prayoga meM kavi kI asamarthatA prakaTa karate haiM, yaha nirvivAda hai / pArzvanAthacarita meM usa doSa ko bhI kamI nahIM, jise kAvyazAstriyoM ne 'adhika' nAma diyA hai / 'utsaMgasaMgasaMgatavigraho' (1.116), meM 'saMga' ke, 'dhyAnaM dhyAyantaH' (4.280) meM 'dhyAnam' ke tathA 'upabhUpamupeyivAn' (3.223) meM 'upa' ke prayoga ke binA bhI abhISTa artha kA bodha hotA hai| hemavijaya kA uddezya apane ArAdhya ke guNagAna se nirvANa kA sukha prApta karanA hai / usake liye bhASA kA mahattva mAdhyama ke atirikta kucha nhiiN| kintu janma-janmAntaroM kI nAnA sthitiyoM se sambandha hone ke nAte pArzvanAthacarita kI bhASA vividha bhAvoM kI vyaMjanA karane meM samartha hai aura usakI sahaj tA tathA subodhatA paurANika vRtta ko nIrasatA se bacAe rakhatI hai / prabhAvatI ke pUrvarA ke manovaijJAnika citraNa meM jo bhASA prayukta kI gayI hai, usase usakI tallInatA, vivazatA tathA vikalatA sAkAra ho gayI haiN| tallInamAnasA nityaM dhyAnarUDheva yoginI / asmArSIt pArzvakumAraM sAvajJAtasukhasmRtiH // 4.518 sthitA jAgaritA suptA gacchantI pralapantyapi / saivaM pArzvaguNagrAmotkIrtanaM kRtavatyabhUt // 4.520 // yAntu yAntviti jalpantI prANAnnapi ripUniva / udvegamatyagAd bAlA maruprApteva hastinI // 4.522 ina paMktiyoM meM usa navayauvanA bAlA ke hRdaya kI TIsa mukha hai| use sArA saMsAra pArzvamaya dikhAI detA hai / vaha usake roma-roma meM rama cukA hai| isa komala 26. nirvarNyaNinI karNyapadanyAsA rsaamRtaa| kulAMganeva sArvazI gauravaM gaustanotu naH // pArzvanAthacarita, 1.7

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pArzvanAthacarita : hemavijayagaNi 437 tathA masRNa padAvalI meM pAThaka ko dravita karane kI pUrNa kSamatA hai / yahA~ bhASA kA vaha guNa vidyamAna hai, jise sAhityazAstra meM 'mAdhurya' kahA gayA hai / pArzvanAthacarita kI bhASA meM bahudhA ekarUpatA vidyamAna hai kintu vaha lacIlepana se rahita nahIM hai / vindhyAcala ke bhadrajAtIya hAthI kI uddhata ceSTAoM tathA marubhUti hAthI kI keliyoM" ke citraNa kI bhASA isakA bhavya nidarzana hai / vijaya kI varNana - nipuNatA prazaMsanIya hai / apanI tattvagrAhI dRSTi se vaha varNya viSaya kI samagratA ko hRdayaMgama karane tathA use vANI dene meM samartha hai| rAtri sarovara, hAthI ke utpAta Adi kA vaha samAna sahajatA se citraNa kara sakatA hai / dvitIya sarga meM dAvAgni kA varNana, isa dRSTi se, vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / alaMkAra - vidhAna vijaya ne yadyapi apane kAvya kI 'alaMkRtidhoraNI 19 kI sAgraha carcA kI hai kintu usakA Adarza 'alaMkAroM kA yathocita niveza' 30 hai / apane Adarza ke anusAra usane kAvya ko sAyAsa alaMkRta karane kA prayatna nahIM kiyA hai / yaha usakA uddezya bhI nahIM hai / kAvya-racanA ke sahaja avayava bana kara jo alaMkAra Ae haiM, unheM hI kAvya meM sthAna milA hai / vijaya kA khAsa alaMkAra upamA hai / kAvya meM isI kA sarvAdhika prayoga huA hai| hemavijaya kI upamAe~ bahuta anUThI haiM / isakA kAraNa usake aprastutoM kI sajIvatA tathA mArmikatA hai| pArzvanAthacarita ke upamAna usake lokajJAna tathA painI dRSTi ke paricAyaka haiM | naravarmA rAjya bhAra se isa prakAra virakta ho gayA jaise rogI kupathya ko chor3a detA hai / " ca jala meM aise phaila gayA jaise durjana ko batAyI gopanIya bAta / prakRti para AdhArita upamAna kavi kI prakRti ke prati sahAnubhUti prakaTa karate haiN| garbhiNI vAmA pIle mukha se aisI lagatI thI jaise phala se pakI bela / " viSa se brAhmaNa kI cetanA isa prakAra lupta ho gayI jaise bAdala se candrakalA / prasarpatA viSeNAzu kSaNenAsya dvijanmanaH / pihitA cetanAdabhrAtreNeva zazinaH kalA // / 6.5 27. vahI, 1.170-172 28. vahI, 1.173 - 176 26. lasadalaMkRtidhoraNIdhAriNI / vahI, 6.470 30. yathaucityama laMkArAn sthApayAmAsa vAsavaH / vahI, 4.261 31. vahI, 4.444 32. vahI, 3.428 33. vahI, 4.101

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438 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya utprekSA kavi kA anya priya alaMkAra hai| kAvya meM upamA ke bAda utprekSA kA vyApaka prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kavi ke aprastuta-vidhAna ke kauzana ke kAraNa usakI utprekSAe~ bhI bahuta rocaka tathA kalpanApUrNa haiM / vasundharA ke zRMgAra-varNana kI yaha utprekSA, isa dRSTi se ullekhanIya hai| usake mukha para aMkita patraracanA meM kAmazizu kI janmapatro kI sambhAvanA karanA kavi-kalpanA kI urvaratA hai|| vyadhAta sA vadane patralatAM kAzmIrakazmalAm / janmapatrImivAnaMgazizoH samprAptajanmanaH // 1.160 kAvya meM madhuratA lAne ke lie hemavijaya ne anuprAsa kA udAra prayoga kiyA hai| usane jisa manorama padavinyAsa ko kAvya ke gaurava kA AdhAra mAnA hai, vaha bahudhA anuprAsa para avalambita hai / pArzvanAtha carita ke anuprAsa lA lAlitya nivivAda hai yadyapi kavi ke Aveza ke kAraNa usa meM kahIM-kahIM punarukti athavA anAvazyaka padoM kA prayoga dikhAI detA hai| 'vAmAdharamAdhuryaM dhuryaM madhuravastuSu' (3.150) jaise yamaka-mizrita anuprAsa kI kAvya meM kamI nahIM hai / pArzvanAthacarita meM prayukta anya alaMkAroM meM paryAyokta, rUpaka, dRSTAMta, arthAntaranyAsa, sahokti, yathAsaMkhya, vibhAvanA, parisaMkhyA, virodha, kAyaliMga tathA asaMgati ullekhanIya haiM / nimnokta padya meM vidyutgati kI vijaya kA prakArAntara se varNana kiyA gayA hai, ataH yahA~ paryAyokta hai| yatpratApasya sUrasya sAmAnyamabhidadhmahe / yadudgate ripustrIdRkkairavairmukulAyitam // 2.16 potanA-nareza aravinda ke pratApa-varNana ke antargata prastuta padya meM viSama alaMkAra ke dvArA usake parAkrama kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| kAle kAjala se mizrita, zatru-nAriyoM ke azrupravAha se dhula kara usakA yaza kaluSita nahIM huA, vaha nirmala hI banA rhaa| dviTastrINAM sAMjanairbASpadhItaM yena nijaM yshH| natyaM tadapi prAptaM kApyaho ! asya vaiduSI // 1.35 upamAna candramA kI apekSA upameya pArzva ke bhAla ke adhikya kA nirUpaNa hone se nimnAMkita paMktiyoM meM vyatireka alaMkAra hai| bhAlasthalamazobhiSTa vizAlaM trijgtpteH| svasauSThavenAbhizavASTamIzazinaH zriyam // 4.422 chandayojanA pArzvanAthacarita meM bahuta kama chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| samUce kAvya kI racanA anuSTup chanda meM huI hai / kevala sargAnta ke padya bhinna chandoM meM haiN| mukhya chanda anuSTup ke atirikta kAvya meM vasantatilakA, zArdUlavikrIr3ita, upajAti, drutavilambita tathA mAlinI, ye pAMca chanda prayukta hue haiN| saralatA kI dRSTi se

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pArzvanAthacarita : hemavijayagaNi 436 anuSTup sarvottama chanda hai / prastuta kAvya meM isakA prayoga isake pracAravAdI uddezya ke anurUpa hai| samAjacitraNa pArzvanAthacarita ko 'jIvana kI vyAkhyA athavA AlocanA' to nahIM kahA jA sakatA kintu isameM yugacetanA kA bhavya citra samAhita hai| hemavijaya ne apanI saMvedanazIlatA se tatkAlIna samAja ke katipaya rIti-rivAjoM, lokAcAroM, mAnyatAoM, zikSA, svAsthya, aparAdha evaM daNDa, manoraMjana ke sAdhanoM Adi kA yathAtathya varNana kiyA hai jisameM bhAratIya samAja-vyavasthA ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke liye upayogI sAmagrI nihita hai| pArzvanAtha ke janmotsava ke prasaMga meM, usa samaya pracalita kucha lokarItiyoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| inameM se kucha avazya hI rAz2agRha athavA dhanADhya varga taka sImita thiiN| zAsakavarga putrajanma ke upalakSya meM rAjya ke samasta bandiyoM kI mukti tathA karoM kI samApti se Antarika harSa kI abhivyakti karatA thaa| nagara ke caurAhoM meM kuMkuma ke mAMgalika thApe lagAye jAte the, motiyoM se svastikacihna pUre jAte the, paNyAMganAoM kA avirAma nRtya hotA thaa| ve maNDalAkAra hallIsaka nRtya karatI thIM aura puruSa rAsa gAte the / veNu, vINA, mRdaMga Adi vAdyoM kI madhura dhvani se nagara raMgabhUmi kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA thA / jahA~ ina rItiyoM kA Ayojana kevala zrImantoM dvArA sambhava thA, katipaya anya AcAra samAja ke sabhI vargoM meM pracalita the| zizujanma ke prathama dina snAtrotsava kiyA jAtA thA, tatpazcAt sthitipatikA / tIsare dina zizu ko sUrya tathA candramA kA darzana karAyA jAtA thA / chaThe dina rAtrijAgaraNa karane kI prathA thii| sadhavAe~ saja-dhaja kara rAta bhara mAMgalika gIta gAtI thiiN| gyArahaveM dina azucikarmotsava sampanna hotA thaa| bArahaveM dina zizu kA nAmakaraNa saMskAra kiyA jAtA thaa| ina AcAroM kI paramparA meM nAmakaraNa sabase mahattvapUrNa Ayojana thaa| pitA usa samaya udAratApUrvaka dAna detA thA tathA sambandhiyoM ko bhoja diyA jAtA thaa| azvasena ne bezakImatI vastroM ke sAtha ratnoM, maNiyoM tathA sone kA koza luTA diyA thaa| hemavijaya ke samakAlIna samAja meM jJAnaniSThA kA sarvagata mahattva thaa| 'AcAryadevo bhava' kI vaidika paramparA ke anusAra guru devavat pUjya thaa| chAtra dvArA upAdhyAya kI devatA kI bhA~ti tIna bAra pradakSiNA karanA guru kI sAmAjika pratiSThA tathA bauddhika upalabdhi kI namra svIkRti hai| guru ke prati avajJA-bhAva akalpanIya 34. vahI, 4.344-356 35. vahI, 4.365-374

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440 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya thaa| chAtra apane aparAdha athavA pramAda ke liye sira jhukA kara tatkAla kSamA-yAcanA karatA thaa| guru jJAna kA akSaya srota thA aura usakI tulanA meM chAtra mAtra 'aNu' / kintu guru uddhata chAtroM ko zArIrika daNDa dene meM saMkoca nahIM karatA thA / putrI kI bhA~ti vidyA kA supAtra ko denA hI arthavAn mAnA jAtA thaa| dhanArjana kI taraha vidyArjana ke liye ekAgra niSThA tathA athaka parizrama anivArya thaa| avasvApanikA, prajJapti, tAlodghATanI, tathA vyomagAminI vidyAoM kA ullekha kAvya meM huA hai| zuddha bhASA, pANDitya kI paricAyaka mAnI jAtI thii| roga ke sAtha zarIra kA cirantana sambandha hai / kuzala vaidya ke binA rogI kA upacAra azakya thA / ataH rogI cikitsaka ke sammukha apanI gopanIya vyAdhi bhI nissaMkoca prakaTa kara detA thA / roga kA sahI nidAna kiye binA cikitsA nirarthaka thii| bImArI meM pathyApathya kA vicAra upacAra kA AdhAra hai| jvarapIr3ita vyakti ke liye kupathya se bacanA nitAnta Avazyaka thA anyathA dUdha bhI viSa bana sakatA thaa| viSavaidya sarpadaMza kA ilAja divya mantroM se bhI karate the| apanI santAna kA vivAha prAyaH mAtA-pitA hI nizcita karate the, yadyapi apavAda rUpa meM gAndharva vivAha kA pracalana bhI thA / gArhasthya jIvana ke sukhamaya yApana ke liye kanyA ko vidAI ke samaya upayukta zikSA dI jAtI thii| use daheja ke rUpa meM dhanAdi milatA thaa|" aparAdhavRtti utanI hI prAcIna hai jitanI samAja kI sNsthaa| hemavijaya ke samaya meM paradArAgamana Adi ghRNita aparAdha karane vAloM ko atyanta kaThora daNDa dene kA prAvadhAna thaa| paradArAgAmI ko gadhe para nagara ke caurAhoM meM ghumA kara apamAnita kiyA jAtA thaa| pulisa usa para DaNDe barasAtI tathA muSTiprahAra karatI thI / daNDita vyakti sira jhukA kara aura hAtha se muMha Dhakakara A~sU bahAtA huA calatA thaa| nagara meM ghumAkara use sUlI car3hA diyA jAtA thaa| kabhI-kabhI aparAdhI ko apamAnita karake chor3a diyA jAtA thaa| cora pulisa se bacane ke liye tapasvI kA bhesa banA kara ghUmate the, parantu satarka kotavAla kI painI dRSTi ko ve dhokhA nahIM de sakate the| kotavAla unheM rassiyoM se bA~dha kara kar3I saz2A detA aura jela meM ThUsa detA thaa| jela meM unheM dAruNa yAtanAe~ dI jAtI thIM / saz2A bhogane ke bAda jaba ve kArAgRha se chUTate the to unakA carmAvRta AsthipaMjara mAtra zeSa raha jAtA thaa| rAjadhana kI corI karane vAloM 36. vahI, 4.225, 1.150, 157, 3.72, 4.472, 6.34, 3.236, 4.233, 6.271, 3.161. 37. vahI, 2.162, 1.137, 2.161, 4.444, 5.320, 3.376 38. vahI, 4.620, 3.234, 4.670.

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pArzvanAthacarita : hemavijayagaNi ko tatkAla phAMsI dI jAtI thI / " madyapAna kA vyasana samAja meM thaa| zarAba se viveka aura santulana donoM bigar3a jAte haiN| kucha vyakti zarAba pIkara pAgala ho jAte the / mUrchita honA to - sAmAnya bAta thI / viSapAna AtmahatyA kA acUka upAya thA / " 441 manoraMjana ke sAdhanoM meM saMgIta, vAdya, mallayuddha (kuztI) tathA muSTiyuddha kA 'ullekha AyA hai / " madArI athavA bahurUpiyA nAnA rUpa banA kara aura unakA saMvaraNa karake darzakoM kA manovinoda karatA thA / 42 dharma dharma-dezanAoM ke antargata tathA anyatra bhI kAvya meM dharma kA sAmAnya pratipAdana huA hai / dAna, zIla, tapa tathA bhAva ke bheda se dharma cAra prakAra kA hai| puNya- vAn hI isa caturvidha dharma kA anuSThAna kara sakate haiM / puNyahIna vyakti ke liye vaha - kalpataru kI bhA~ti duSprApya hai / dAna sAkSAt kalpavRkSa hai, jisake patte sArvabhoma bhoga -haiM, puSpa svargIya sukha haiM tathA phala mahAnanda haiM / zIla jIvana kA sarvasva hai / lavaNa* hIna bhojana kI taraha usake binA rUpa, lAvaNya, tAruNya Adi saba nirarthaka hai / jo - navaguptiyoM se yukta zIla kA parizIlana karate haiM, muktisundarI unakA varaNa karatI hai / tapa samasta doSoM tathA kaluSoM ko dUra karane kA acUka upAya hai / bhAvanA (bhAva), dAna, zIla tathA tapa rUpI trividha dharma kA mUlAdhAra hai tathA bhavasAgara ko pAra karane kA sambala hai / dharma-karma meM bhAva pramukha hai / bhAvanAhIna dhArmika kriyAe~ karane se manuSya janma-maraNa ke cakra se kadApi mukta nahIM ho sakatA / darzana AtmA-viSayaka zAstrArtha ke antargata nAstika kubera AtmA ke sambandha meM cArvAka darzana kI mAnyatA prastuta karatA hai / cArvAka ke anusAra AtmA AkAza- kusuma kI bhA~ti koI vastu nahIM hai / manuSya meM cetanA paMca bhUtoM ke saMyoga se prAdurbhUta hotI hai aura unake naSTa hone para meghamAlA kI taraha sahasA vilIna ho jAtI hai / deha se pRthaka AtmA kI sattA nahIM hai / ataH zarIrAnta ke pazcAt usake dehAntara meM saMkrAnta hone athavA paraloka jAne kA prazna hI nahIM hai / AtmA pApa-puNya kA na kartA 36. vahI, 1.126- 131, 6.233-234, 242, 227, 286,154, 165 40. vahI, 3.121, 4.504 49. vahI, 4.497 42. vahI, 4.265-270, 268-266 43. vahI, 4.315 - 44. vahI, 5.368-417

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442 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya hai, na bhoktA / AtmA meM anya guNoM kA Aropa karanA bhI sambhava nahIM / muni lokacandra ke pratyuttara ke rUpa meM cArvAka mata kA pratyAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA kA bodha adhyAtma jJAna se hotA hai| sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti AtmA ke astitva kA nizcita pramANa hai kyoMki caitanya ke binA unakI saMvedanA saMbhava nahIM aura cetanA AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa hai| AtmA kA astitva nirNIta hone para usakA paralokagamana bhI siddha hai| AtmA pApa puNya kI kartA bhI hai, aura unake phala kI bhoktA bhii| vaha svakRta karmoM ke anumAra dharmAdharma kA phala bhogatI hai / AtmA bandhana aura mokSa kA bhI kAraNa hai| kaSAyoM se parAbhUta hokara vaha bandhana kI ora agrasara hotI hai, unako parAbhUta karake vaha mokSa kI dAyaka banatI hai / ___ karma jaina darzana kA marma hai / jaina darzana kI mAnyatA hai ki karma ke phala se bacanA kadApi sambhava nhiiN| vaha svayaM ropA gayA vRkSa hai, jisakA phala icchA-anicchA se cakhanA hI par3atA hai| pArzvanAthacarita meM isa tathya kI bAra-bAra AvRtti kI gayI hai / prANiyoM ke sukha-duHkha, mAna-apamAna Adi kA nimitta kucha aura ho sakatA hai, unakA kAraNa pUrvakRta karma hai| karmoM kA jaba pUrNa vilaya hotA hai to AtmA nirvANa ko prApta hotI hai| yaha pUrNa naiSkarmya, zailezI avasthA meM hotA hai|" triratna mithyAtva ke andhakAra ko vicchinna karane ke liye dIpaka ke samAna haiM tathA svarga aura apavarga kA dvAra hai / triratna se vaMcita vyakti saMsAra meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai|49 isa vivecana ke atirikta kAvya meM Arta tathA zukla dhyAna, mati Adi jJAna, utpAda, vigama aura dhrauvya kI padatrayI, dravya, guNa tathA paryAya aura vAkcinAtmaka sUkSma yoga kA bhI ullekha AyA hai / pArzvanAthacarita kavi kI bAlakRti hai| isakA uddezya vidagdha janoM kA manoraMjana karanA nahIM hai| ArAdhya ke guNagAna kA puNya prApta karane ke liye likhe gaye isa kAvya meM prauDhokti athavA camatkRti kA sthAna nahIM hai| isakA sArA saundarya isakI sahajatA tathA saralatA meM nihita hai| isa dRSTi se yaha upekSaNIya nahIM hai / yugajIvana kA yatheSTa citraNa isake gaurava kI vRddhi karatA hai / 45. vahI, 2.174-186 46. vahI, 2.188-217 47. vahI, 1141, 366, 2.284, 6.251 48. vahI, 6.418 46. vahI, 1.68-69 50. vahI, 1.363, 6.421, 2.73, 5.444, 447, 6.420 vistRta vivecana ke liye dekhiye merA lekha-'pArzvanAthacarita kA dArzanika pakSa' mahAvIra smArikA, jayapura, 1975, pR0 2.53-56

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23. jambUsvAmicarita : rAjamalla Alocya yuga ke paurANika mahAkAvyoM meM, antima kevalI jambUsvAmI ke saMvegajanaka jIvanavRtta para AdhArita paNDita rAjamalla kA jambUsvAmicarita' mahattvapUrNa racanA hai| viSaya-sAmya hone para bhI brahmajinadAsa ke jambUsvAmicarita tathA prastuta kAvya meM, kavitva tathA kathAvastu ke saMyojana kI dRSTi se paryApta antara hai| rAjamalla kA kathAnaka adhika zithila tathA viSapAntaroM se AcchAdita hai parantu brahmajina dAsa kI apekSA unakI kAvya-pratibhA nizcaya hI adhika samartha tathA zlAghanIya hai| jambUsvAmicarita kA mahAkAvya paurANika zailI meM racita jambUsvAmicarita meM mahAkAvya ke mAnya lakSaNoM kA tatparatA se anuvartana kiyA gayA hai, yaha kavi kI ukta kAvyavidhA ke prati niSThA kA pratIka hai / rAjamalla ke kAvya kA viSaya, jambUsvAmI kA carita, jaina dharma ke donoM sampradAyoM meM suprasiddha tathA samAdRta kathA hai| isakA mukhya AdhAra jaina purANa haiM tathA rAjamalla ke atirikta vibhinna bhASAoM ke kaviyoM ne isa kathA ko pallavita karane meM yoga diyA hai| jambUkumAra sahI artha meM dhIraprazAnta nAyaka hai, jo samasta bhogoM se nilipta hai tathA rUpasI navoDhAoM ke samUce pralobhanoM ko viSavat tyAga kara saMyamavrata grahaNa karatA hai / rasavattA jambUsvAmicarita kI ullekhanIya vizeSatA hai| vairAgyapradhAna racanA hone ke nAte isameM zAntarasa kI pradhAnatA hai / kAvya kI rasAtmakatA ko tIvra banAne ke liye rAjamalla ne isameM zRMgAra vIra, bIbhatsa, raudra Adi prAya: sabhI rasoM kI isa prakAra niSpatti kI hai ki jambUsvAmicarita vastuta : AsvAdya bana gayA hai| jambUsvAmicarita kI racanA dharma ke udAtta uddezya se prerita hai| kavi ke vicAra meM dharma laukika sampadAoM tathA pAralaukika abhyudaya kA mUlAdhAra hai| 1. sampAdaka : jagadIzacandra zAstrI, mANikacanda digambara jaina granthamAlA, saMkhyA 35, __ bambaI, samvat 1963. 2. paM. sAgaradatta, bhuvanakoti, padmasundara, sakalaharSa, mAnasiMha (digambara), hemacandra, jayazekhara ullekhanIya haiN| 3. dharmAmRtaM ca pAnIyaM nirvikArapadapradam / jambUsvAmicarita, 3.86 dharmAtsukhaM kulaM zIlaM dharmAtsarvA hi sampadaH / vahI, 4.172

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya ina svarUpa vidhAyaka tattvoM ke samAna jambUsvAmicarita meM mahAkAvya kI sthUla rUDhiyoM kA bhI pAlana kiyA gayA hai / isakA prArambha cAra padyoM ke maMgalAcaraNa se huA hai, jinameM kramaza: mahAvIra svAmI, siddhoM, munitraya tathA vAgdevI sarasvatI vandanA kI gayI hai / jambUsvAmicarita kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isake anya bAraha sarga bhI kramazaH do-do tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti se zuru hote haiM / isa prakAra, pratyeka sarga meM maMgalAcaraNa ke vyAja se kAvya meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti kA samAveza ho gayA hai / isameM mahAkAvyocita nagara, Rtu, udyAna, dUtapreSaNa, yuddha Adi ke varNana -bhI yathAsthAna pAye jAte haiM jo isake paurANika itivRtta ko rocaka banAte hue yugajIvana ke katipaya pakSoM ko bimbita karate haiM / kavi ke lakSya ke anurUpa isakI bhASA subodha tathA prasAdapUrNa hai / vaha azuddhiyoM se bhI mukta nahIM hai / anya paurANika kAvyoM kI bhA~ti isameM adhikatara anuSTup kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / kAvya tathA sargoM kA nAmakaraNa zAstra ke anukUla hai, yadyapi kavi ne sarga ke liye 'parva' tathA 'adhyAya' kA prayoga muktatA se kiyA hai / isa prakAra jambUsvAmicarita meM mahAkAvya ke samUce pramukha tatva vidyamAna haiM / ataH isa 'purANa' ko mahAkAvya mAnane meM Apatti nahIM ho sakatI / jambUsvAmicarita kI paurANikatA 444 jambUsvAmicarita paurANika zailI kA mahAkAvya hai / isameM ve sabhI pramukha pravRttiyA~ vidyamAna haiM, jo paurANika kAvyoM kA svarUpa nirdhArita karatI haiN| jambUsvAmicarita kA Arambha TheTha paurANika rIti se huA hai| prathama sarga ke atirikta dvitIya sarga meM jambUdvIpa, bharatakSetra, avasarpiNI tathA utsarpiNI kAla, unake chaha aroM, pratyeka ara meM manuSyoM kI Ayu, AkAra, prakRti, yoga Adi ke varNana purANoM para AdhArita tathA unake anugAmI haiM | kAlacakra ke isa pravAha tathA svarUpa kA jambUsvAmI ke mUla itivRtta se koI sambandha nahIM hai parantu kavi ne, apanI kRti ko paurANika rUpa dene kI vyagratA ke kAraNa isa purANa - sulabha sAmagrI kA kAvya meM samAhAra kiyA hai / isakI racanA kA preraka bindu kavi kA dharmotsAha hai| samUcA kAvya nirgrantha dharma kI mahimA kA dIpastambha hai / pratyeka sarga ke anta meM kavi ne nirapavAda rUpa se svadharma ke gaurava kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / dharmAnnAsti paraH suhRd bhavabhRtAM dharmasya mUlaM dayA / tasmin zrIjinadharmazarmaniratairdharme matirdhAryatAm // 12.150 jaina siddhAntapaddhati kumatoM ko khaNDita karane ke lie vajrasAra hai / dIkSA ko - bhavabandhana ko ucchinna tathA karma kA unmUlana karane vAlA amogha mantra mAnA gayA hai / dharma pracAra ke isI uddezya se tRtIya sarga meM gaNadhara gautama kI dezanA kI yojanA 4. jambUsvAmipurANasya zuzrUSA hRdi vrtte| vahI, 1.127

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jambUsvAmicarita : rAjamalla 445 kI gayI hai, jisake antargata kevalajJAna ke AdhArabhUta sAta tattvoM kA vizada nirUpaNa huA hai| antima sarga meM dvAdaza anuprekSAoM ke vivecana ke dvArA kAvya ke dArzanika pakSa ko samRddha banAne kA prayatna dRSTigocara hotA hai| paurANika kAvya kI eka anya mukhya vizeSatA- bhavAntaravarNana bhI jambUsvAmicarita meM pAyI jAtI hai / kAvya nAyaka jambUsvAmI, usakI cAra patniyoM, muni saudharma, yakSa tathA vidyuccara ke pUrvabhavoM kA kAvya meM savistAra varNana kiyA gayA hai tathA vartamAna janma ke AcaraNa evaM pravRttiyoM ko pUrva janmoM ke saMskAroM aura karmoM kA pariNAma mAnA gayA hai| varddhamAnapuravAsI brAhmaNa Aryavasu kA putra bhavadeva, janmAntara meM, vItazokA nagarI ke cakrI mahApadma ke putra zivakumAra ke rUpa meM ghora tapazcaryA ke phalasvarUpa brahmottara meM vidyunmAlI deva banatA hai aura, kAlAntara meM, svarga se cyuta hokara jambUsvAmI ke rUpa meM janma letA hai| muni saudharma, pUrva janma kA, jambUsvAmI kA agraja bhAvadeva hai| campApurI ke agraNI dhanavAn sUrasena kI cAra patniyA~ dharmAcaraNa ke kAraNa brahmottara meM vidyunmAlI kI patniyA~ banIM / vartamAna janma meM ve hI jambUsvAmI kI patniyA~ haiM / yakSa pUrvavartI janma meM arhaddAsa kA anuja jinadAsa thA aura vidyuccara hastinApura ke rAjA saMvara kA putra / jambUsvAmicarita meM pratipAdya ko rocaka tathA grAhya banAne ke liye kathA ke bhItara avAntara kathAoM kA samAveza karane kI pravRtti kA karAla rUpa dikhAI detA hai| kAvya kA eka bhAga una kathAoM ne haDapa liyA hai| jinake dvArA jambUkumAra kI navavivAhita patniyA~ tathA vidyuccara use vairAgya se virata karane kA prayatna karate haiM / kAvya meM aneka atiprAkRtika ghaTanAoM kA samAhAra kiyA gayA hai| svarga ke devatA tathA apsarAe~ varddhamAna jina ke samavasaraNa kI racanA karate haiN| muni sAgaracandra ko dekhakara zivakumAra ko jAtismaraNa ho jAtA hai| paurANika kRti kI bhA~ti jambUsvAmicarita kI racanA kA uddezya puNyArjana karanA hai| usI pravRtti ke anurUpa isameM svadharma kA gauravagAna tathA paramadharma para AkSepa kiyA gayA hai / kAvya meM, jahA~ eka ora jaina dharma kI ArAdhanA karane ko prerita kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ advaita tathA bauddhadharma kI prakArAntara se khillI ur3AyI gayI hai / paurANika pravRtti ke anurUpa jambUsvAmicarita kI samApti grantha-mAhAtmya se hotI hai / isakI bhASA meM purANasulabha khuradarApana tathA vyAkaraNaviruddha prayogoM kI bharamAra hai / stotroM kA samAveza bhI yathAsthAna kiyA gayA hai| isakI paurANikatA ke anusAra jambUsvAmicarita kA paryavasAna zAntarasa meM huA hai| kAvya ke sabhI pAtra, antatogatvA, tApasavrata 5. jambUsvAmikathAvyAjAdAtmAnaM tu punAmyaham / vahI, 1.144 6. jaino dharmaH kSaNaM yAvadvismAryo na mhaatmbhiH| vahI, 2.124 7. vahI, 2. 112-115 8. vahI, 13. 170-177

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443 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya grahaNa karate haiM / vidyuccara jaise nIca cora ko bhI saMyama dvArA sarvArthasiddhi kI prApti hotI hai / yaha jambUsvAmicarita kI paurANikatA kA prabala pramANa hai ki isake anuzIlana ke pazcAt pAThaka barabasa bhaMgura bhogoM se udvigna hokara jIvana ke zreya kI ora prerita hotA hai / isa dRSTi se yaha kAvya 'romAMcajanana kSama' hai' | kaviparicaya tathA racanAkAla Alocya yuga ke adhikAMza mahAkAvyoM ke viparIta jambUsvAbhicarita digambara kavi kI racanA hai / digambara-paramparA meM rAjamalla athavA rAyamalla nAma kaI vidvAn hue haiM / prastuta jambUsvAmicarita ke racayitA rAjamala / kavi, jainAgama ke mahAn vettA tathA prauDha paNDita the / unakI vibhinna kRtiyoM se spaSTa hai ki paNDita rAjamalla kevala AcArazAstra ke hI marmajJa nahIM the, adhyAtma, kAvya aura nyAya meM bhI unheM vizeSa dakSatA prApta thI / 1 rAjamalla ne apane granthoM meM Atmaparicaya nahIM diyA hai / ata: unake kula, guru-paramparA Adi ke viSaya meM adhika jJAta nahIM hai / kavi kI lATIsaMhitA kI prazasti se saMketa milatA hai ki ve hemacandra ke AmnAya ke the / paNDita jugala kizora ke vicAra meM ye hemacandra mAthuragaccha tathA puSkaragaNAnvayI kumArasena" ke paTTaziSya tathA padmanandibhaTTAraka ke paTTaguru, kASThAsaMghI bhaTTAraka hemacandra pratIta hote haiM, jinakI kavi ne lATIsaMhitA ke prathama sarga meM bahuta prazaMsA kI hai / isase sahaja anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki rAjamalla kASThAsaMghI vidvAn the / unhoMne apane ko hemacandra kA ziSya athavA praziSya na kahakara AmnAyI kahA hai| isakA tAtparya kadAcit yaha hai ki paNDita rAjamalla muni nahIM the / sambhavataH ve gRhasthAcArya the athavA brahmacArI Adi pada para pratiSThita the| jambUsvAmicarita ke atirikta rAjamalla kI tIna anya kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiM / lATIsaMhitA AcArazAstra kA grantha hai / paMcAdhyAyI aura adhyAtmaka nalamArtaNDa kA pratipAdya adhyAtma hai / prAnta prazasti ke gadyAtmaka bhAga ? ke carita kI racanA samvat 1632 (san 1575 ) kI caitra kRSNA samrAT akabara ke rAjyakAla meM, sampUrNa huI thI / arthAt yaha lATI - saMhitA (saM0 anusAra jambUsvAmi aSTamI ko, mugala 6. jambUsvAmicaritrAdyaM romAMcajananakSamam / vahI, 13.175 10. jambUsvAmicaritra ke prathama sarga meM bhI bhaTTAraka kumArasena kI pUrvaparamparA kA saMkSipta varNana hai (1.60-63 ) 11. lATI - saMhitA kI bhUmikA, pR0 23 12. atha saMvatsare'smin zrInUpavikramAdityagatAndasamvat 1632 varSe caitra sudi 8 vAsare punarvasu nakSatre zrIagaMlapuradurge zrIpAtisAhijalAdIna akabara sAhitra vartamAne zrImat kASThAsaMghe mAthuragacche puSkaragaNe.... / prazasti /

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jamdUsvAmicarita : rAjamalla 447 1641) se nau varSa pUrva likhA jA cukA thaa| jambUsvAmicarita sambhavataH kavi kI prathama racatA hai / pratIta hotA hai ki vicAroM kI praur3hatA ke sAtha-sAtha rAjamalla kI ruci adhyAtma Adi gambhIra viSayoM kI ora bar3hatI gyii| kAvya meM yadyapi isakA pratyakSa ullekha nahIM hai tathApi prathama sarga meM AgarA kA jo tatparatApUrvaka vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai, usake AdhAra para yaha kalpanA karanA asaMgata na hogA ki jambUsvAmicarita kA nirmANa AgarA meM hI huA thA / kAvya kA praNayana, alIgar3ha ke antargata bhaTAni vA grAma ke vAsI garga gotrIya zAha ToDara kI prArthanA para kiyA gayA thaa| mathurA ke sidrakSetra kI yAtrA ke samaya jambUsvAmI, vidyuccara Adi ke stUpa dekhakara zAha ToDara ke mana meM antima kedalI kA carita sunane kI icchA udita huii| prastuta kAvya ke dvArA rAjamalla kavi ne usa icchA kI pUrti kI / isIliye pratyeka sarga ke Arambha meM kavi ne ToDara kI maMgalakAmanA kI hai tathA prathama sarga meM usake vaMza kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| kathAnaka jambUsvAmicarita teraha sargoM kA mahAkAvya hai| isakI kathAvastu ke cAra nizcita bhAga haiN| prathama sarga kAvya kI bhUmikA nirmita karatA hai| isameM mugala samrATa akabara kI vaMzaparamparA, usake zAsana evaM zaurya tathA zAha ToDara ke kula kA varNana hai / kavi ne ise ThIka hI kathAmukha kI saMjJA dI hai| agale sADhe tIna sargoM (2-4 tathA pAMcaveM kA pUrvArdha) ko mUlakathA kI pUrvapIThikA kahanA upayukta hogaa| inameM vIraprabhu ke samaksaraNa kI racanA tathA magadharAja zreNika kI jijJAsA ke uttara meM gautama dvArA vidyunmAlI deva, saudharma muni, yakSa, vidyuccara Adi ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / varddhamAnapura ke brAhmaNa Aryavasu ke putra bhavadeva kA jIva, tIna yoniyoM meM ghUmane ke pazcAt, rAjagRha ke vyApArI arhaddAsa kI patnI ji matI ke garbha meM, jambUsvAmI ke rUpa meM, avatIrNa hotA hai / kAvya kA kathAnaka jambUsvAmI kA carita-paMcama sA ke uttarArddha se prArambha hotA hai| anyAnya vastuoM ke sAtha jinamatI ko svapna meM jambUphala dikhAI detA hai jisake pariNAmasvarUpa usake navajAta putra kA nAma jambU rakhA jAtA hai / janmAntara ke abhyAsa ke kAraNa usane bAlyAvasthA meM hI samasta vidyAoM tathA kalAoM meM dakSatA prApta kara lii| chaThe sarga meM jambUkumAra ke yauvana, vasantakeli tathA usake dvArA zreNika ke uddhata hAthI viSamasaMgrAmasUra ko damita karane kA varNana hai| sAtaveM sarga meM keralanareza mRgAMka kI putrI ko hathiyAne ke liye use AtaMkita karanevAle vidyAdhara ratnacUla ko, ghanaghora yuddha meM, parAsta karake vaha apane zaurya kI pratiSThA karatA hai| AThaveM sarga meM vidyAdhara 13. jambUsvAmicarita, 1.76-133 14. vahI, 1.64-78

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya gaganagati kI isa garvokti ke kAraNa ki mRgAMka ne bhI jambUkumAra tathA ratnacUla ke yuddha meM pauruSa kA pradarzana kiyA thA, ratnacUla krodha se baukhalA uThatA hai / mRgAMka ko jItane meM asaphala hokara vaha use bAMdhakara, vijaya ke garva se prasthAna karane hI vAlA thA ki kumAra use lalakAratA hai / phalataH donoM meM dvandvayuddha Thana jAtA hai / jambUkumAra zaktizAlI rattacUla ko parAjita karake mRgAMka ko bandhana se mukta karatA hai / isa sAhasika vijaya ke kAraNa kumAra kA abhUtapUrva svAgata kiyA jAtA hai tathA zreNika ko keralarAja kI putrI vizAlavatI prApta hotI hai| naveM sarga meM, jambU meM, muni saudharma kI dezanA se, nirveda kA udaya hotA hai, kintu mAtA-pitA ke Agraha se vaha vivAha ke eka dina bAda dIkSA lenA svIkAra kara letA hai / nagara kI cAra rUpavatI kanyAoM ke sAtha usakA vivAha sampanna hotA hai / zayanagRha meM vaha vItarAga, taruNiyoM ke bIca 'padmapatramivAmbhasA' alipta rahatA hai / dasaveM tathA gyArahaveM sarga meM kramazaH navoDhA vadhue~ aura vidyuccara cora, upalabdha sukha-vaibhava ko chor3akara sandigdha vairAgya-sampadA prApta karane ke usake prayAsa kA, ATha kathAoM ke dvArA majAka ur3Ate haiM tathA use viSayoM meM Asakta karane kA prayatna karate haiM / vaha unake pratyeka tarka kA dRDhatApUrvaka khaNDana karatA hai / bArahaveM sarga meM gRhapAza se chUTakara jambUsvAmI tApasavrata grahaNa karate haiM aura ghora tapazcaryA ke uparAnta zivatva prApta karate haiM / arhadAsa aura janamatI ne bhI saMlekhanA se devatva prApta kiyA / yahIM jambUsvAmI kI kathA samApta ho jAtI hai / terahaveM sarga meM bAraha anuprekSAoM kA nirUpaNa tathA vidyuccara kI siddhiprApti kA varNana hai / yaha kathAnaka kI uttarapIThikA hai / 448 jambUsvAmacarita ke kathAnaka ke sUtra atyanta zithila haiM / prathama cAra sargo kA mUla kathAvastu ke sAtha atyanta sUkSma, lagabhaga adRzya sambandha hai / inheM AsAnI se chor3A jA sakatA thA / kathAnaka ke pUrvApara kA mUla taka savistAra varNana mahAkAvya kI anviti ko bhaMga karatA hai / kAvya ke mUla bhAga ko bhI prabandhatva kI dRSTi se saphala nahIM kahA jA sakatA / kathAnaka ke bIca varNanoM aura avAntara kathAoM ke aise avarodha khar3e kara diye gaye haiM ki kahIM-kahIM to vaha sau-sau padyoM taka eka pa bhI Age nahIM bar3hatA / isa dRSTi se dasavA~ tathA gyArahavA~ sarga kathA pravAha ke mArga meM vizAla setubandha haiM / anyatra bhI kavi adhikatara viSayAntaroM ke marusthala meM bhaTakatA rahA hai / kAvya meM anupAtahIna avAntara kathAe~ kathAnaka ko kisa prakAra naSTa kara sakatI haiM, jambUsvAmicarita isakA utkRSTa udAharaNa hai / aura nAyaka kI nirvANa-prApti ke pazcAt kAvya ko eka sarga taka aura ghasITanA siddhAnta tathA vyavahAra donoM kI avahelanA hai / yaha saca hai ki jaina sAhitya meM jambUsvAmI kI kathA isI rUpa meM pracalita hai kintu 'kArya' kI pUrti se Age baDhanA mahAkAvyakAra ke liye kadApi vAMchanIya nahIM hai /

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jamdUsvAmicarita : rAjamalla jambUsvAmicarita kA AdhArasrota antima kevalI ke rUpa meM jambUsvAmI kA rAgarahita udAtta carita, jaina dharma ke donoM sampradAyoM meM, sammAnita tathA pracalita hai / digambara sampradAya kA anuyAyI hone ke nAte paNDita rAjamalla ne guNabhadrAcArya ke uttarapurANa ko ( 76.1-213) apanI racanA kA AdhAra banAyA hai / rAjamalla ne jisa prakAra apane kAvya meM jambUsvAmI kA itivRtta nirUpita kiyA hai, usameM uttarapurANa meM varNita jambUcarita se koI tAttvika bheda nahIM hai / jambUsvAmicarita ke racayitA ne uttarapurANa kI rUparekhA apanI pratibhA kI tUlikA se raMga bharakara teraha sargoM kI vizAla citravIthI nirmita kI hai / 446 kAvya ke mukhya pAtroM ke pUrvajanmoM ke varNana kA saMketa rAjamalla ko uttarapurANa se milA hai / guNabhadra ke anusAra muni saudharma tathA jambUsvAmI, prathama bhava meM, vRddha grAma ke vaizya rASTrakUTa ( patnI revatI) ke putra bhagadatta tathA bhavadeva the (76153) / jambUsvAmicarita meM bhavadeva ke agraja kA nAma bhAvadeva hai aura ve varddha mAnapura ke brAhmaNa Aryavasu ( patnI somazarmA) ke putra the / " donoM granthoM meM agraja pahale pravrajyA grahaNa karatA hai / apane anuja bhavadeva ko saMyama kI ora prerita karane ke liye jaba vaha nagara meM AyA, usa samaya bhavadeva, donoM kAvyoM ke anusAra, vivAhotsava meM lIna thA / rAjamalla ne usakI patnI kA nAma nAgavasU diyA hai jabaki uttarapurANa meM vaha nAgazrI nAma se khyAta hai tathA nAgavasu usakI mAtA hai ( 76.156 ) / rUpasI navoDhA ke anurAga ke kAraNa bhavadeva dravya-saMyamI banakara viSayoM ko barAbara mana se TaTolatA rahatA hai / uttarapurANa meM use suvratA gaNinI ke upAlambha se zAntabhAva kI prApti hotI ( 76.167-60 ) / rAjamalla ke anusAra nAgavasU kI jarAkrAnta kAyA ko dekhakara usake hRdaya meM viSayoM kI bhaMguratA tathA sukhoM kI nIrasatA kA udreka hotA hai" (3.220-228) / uttarapurANa kI taraha jambUsvAmicarita meM bhI zivakumAra ( pUrvajanma kA bhavadeva ) muni sAgaradatta ( bhAvadeva ) ko dekhakara AtmIyatA kA anubhava karatA hai tathA use jAtismaraNa ho jAtA hai" / guNabhadra ke vivaraNa meM podanapura ke 15. hemacandra aura jayazekhara donoM ke anusAra bar3e bhAI kA nAma bhavadatta thA / ve sugrAma nagara ke vAsI the tathA unake mAtA-pitA kA nAma kramazaH revatI tathA AryavAna thA / - jambUsvAmicarita, pR0 12, pA0 Ti0 1 16. hemacandra ke anusAra jisa samaya bhavadatta ( bhAvadeva ) apane anuja ko bodha dene ke lie Aye, usa samaya vahAM ke vAtAvaraNa ko dekhakara svayaM bhavadatta kA mahAvrata jarjarita ho gyaa| sAthI muni unakA upahAsa karate haiM / ve punaH bhavadeva ko guru ke pAsa le jAkara dIkSita karate haiN| vahI, pR0 13. pA0 Ti0 1 17. uttarapurANa, 76.151, jamdUsvAmicarita, 4.106

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450 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya svAmI vidyadrAja kA putra vidyuccara cora, pAMca sau coroM ke sAtha arhaddAsa ke ghara meM corI karane ke liye AtA hai (76.53-56) / jambUsvAmicarita meM, pUrva janma meM, usakA pitA saMvara hastinApura kA zAsaka thA / rAjamalla ke anusAra yakSa pUrvajanma meM rAjagRha ke zreSTI dhanadatta kA putra jinadAsa thaa| uttarapurANa meM use arhaddAsa mAnA gayA hai, jo jambUsvAmicarita meM jinadatta kA agraja hai| vidyuccara, mAtA jinamatI kI prArthanA se, jambUkumAra ko prastAvita pravrajyA se vimukha karane ke liye cAra kathAe~ sunAtA hai jinakA saMcita sAra yaha hai ki kAlpanika sukha kI prApti kI AzA meM vartamAna sukha ko tyAganA vivekahInatA hai| kumAra pratyeka kathA kA eka-eka saMvegapoSaka kathA se prativAda karatA hai / uttarapurANa tathA jambUsvAmicarita kI ina avAntara kathAoM ke svarUpa tathA krama meM pUrNa sAmya na hote hue bhI, bhAva kI dRSTi se, unameM adhika antara nahIM hai| vidyuccara kI kahAniyA~ upalabdha sukha ko sarvasva mAnakara Asakti kA poSaNa karatI haiM / jambU kI kathAoM meM vartamAna preya kI apekSA bhAvI zreya ko adhika sArthaka mAnakara Asakti ko ubhArA gayA haiM / kathAoM ke krama kI dRSTi se yaha ullekhanIya hai ki uttarapurANa meM vidyuccara kI dvitIya kathA ko rAjamalla ne usake tRtIya dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA hai / 19 adamya lAlaca ke kAraNa mAMsapiNDa chor3akara machalI pakar3ane ke prayAsa meM marane vAle zRgAla kI, uttarapurANa meM, vidyuccara dvArA prastuta tIsarI kahAnI kA jambUsvAmicarita meM, vidyuccara kI vRddha gRhastha vaNik tathA usakI puMzcalI patnI kI dvitIya kathA meM antarbhAva kiyA gayA hai| rAjamalla ke kAvya meM vidyuccara se pahale kumAra kI cAra navoDhA patniyA~ bhI ukta uddezya kI pUrti ke liye cAra dRSTAMtoM kA nirUpaNa karatI haiM aura jambUkumAra usI prakAra unakA dRr3hatApUrvaka prativAda karatA hai| uttarapurANa meM inakA abhAva hai| kintu uttarapurANa meM, jambUkumAra apane pakSa ke samarthana meM kUpa meM laTake puruSa tathA madhusrAva kI prakhyAta kathA kahatA hai jise sunakara usake mAtA-pitA, patniyA~ aura caura saba sAMsArika bhogoM se virakta ho jAte haiM / yaha kahAnI, jambU kI tRtIya patnI vinayazrI dvArA kahI gayI daridrasaMkha kI kathA ke pratIkAra meM prastuta kumAra ke dRSTAnta se sArataH bhinna nahIM hai / 18. uttarapurANa, 76.124-126 16. zRgAla aura dhanuSa kI yaha kathA hitopadeza meM bhI AtI hai| 20. uttarapurANa, 76.102-107 21. madhubindu vAle dRSTAnta kI kathA mahAbhArata (strIparva, 5), bauddha avadAnoM aura IsAI sAhitya meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai / isaliye yaha saMsAra ke sarvamAnya kathAsAhitya kI dRSTi se bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai|

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jambUsvAmicarita : rAjamalla 45 1 uttarapurANa ke anusAra jambUsvAmI ko bAraha varSa kI tapazcaryA ke pazcAt kevalajJAna aura usake bAraha varSa bAda nirvANa kI prApti huI thI ( 76.118-119) / rAjamalla ne yaha avadhi aThAraha varSa dI hai / saudharma muni ke vipulAcala se mokSagamana ke arddhayAma ke vyavadhAna se jambUsvAmI meM kaivalya kI sphuraNA huI thI / aThAraha varSa taka nirAvaraNa jJAna se dharmadezanA karane ke pazcAt unheM vipulAcala ke usI sthAna paranirvANa prApta huA, jahA~ unake guru nirvANa ko gaye the ( 12.106-121) / rasa citraNa jambUsvAmicarita kI racanA sahRdaya ko rasacarvaNA karAne ke liye nahIM huI hai / yaha bhAvanA tathA uddezya donoM dRSTiyoM se, zuddhataH pracAravAdI kRti hai, jisakA lakSya antima kevI ke sarvatyAgI tathA saMyamI carita ke dvArA viSayAsakta janoM ko, bhogoM kI nazvaratA aura nIrasatA kA bhAna karA kara saMyama kI ora unmukha karanA hai / parantu rAjamala ne apane lakSya kI prApti isa kauzala se kI hai ki usakA kAvya tIvra rasAtmakatA se sikta ho gayA hai| usane svayaM nau kAvya - rasoM kA sAbhiprAya ullekha kiyA hai (vadhA rasa :- 1.24 ) / aura jambUsvAmicarita meM prAyaH sabhI rasoM ke yatheSTa pallavana ke dvArA apane siddhAMta kI vyAvahArika vyAkhyA kI hai| paurANika mahAkAvya ke lekhaka ke liye yaha prazaMsanIya upalabdhi hai / vairAgya kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa jambUsvAmicarita meM aMgI rasa ke rUpa meM, zAntarasa kA paripAka huA hai / sAgaracandra kI saMvegotpatti, vairAgyavirodhI tarkoM ko khaMDita karane vAlI zivakumAra kI yuktiyoM, jambUkumAra kI vivAhoparAnta manodazA tathA anityAnuprekSA ke pratipAdana Adi meM zAntarasa kI uddAma dhArA pravAhita hai / kAvya meM zAntarasa kA citraNa isa dutatA tathA gambhIratA se kiyA gayA hai ki isake parizIlana ke pazcAt pAThaka ke mana meM jIvana tathA jagat kI anityatA, viSayoM kI chalanA Adi bhAvanAoM kA anAyAsa udreka ho jAtA hai aura vaha ApAtaramya bhogoM se vimukha hokara, saMyama evaM tyAga meM jIvana kI sArthakatA khojane ko prerita hotA hai / yaha kavi kezAntarasa-citraNa kI dakSatA kA prabala pramANa hai / isa dRSTi se anityAnuprekSA kA prastuta vizleSaNa ullekhanIya hai / jIvitaM capalaM loke jalabudbudasannibham / rogaH samAzritA bhogA jarAkrAntaM hi yauvanam // 13.13 saundaryaM ca kSaNavidhvaMsi sampado vipadantakAH / madhubindUpamaM puMsAM saukhyaM duHkhaparamparA / / 13.14 indriyArogyasAmarthyacalAnyabhropamAni ca / indrajAla samAnAni rAjasaudhadhanAni ca // 13.15

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452 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya ityadhruvaM jagatsarvaM nityazcAtmA sanAtanaH / ataH saddhirna karttavyaM mamatvaM vapurAdiSu // 13.17 aMgIrasa ke atirikta jambUsvAmicarita meM zRMgAra, karuNa, vIra, raudra, bhayAnaka, bIbhatsa tathA vAtsalya kA bhI yathAsthAna, AnuSaMgika rUpa meM, vyApaka citraNa huA hai| vairAgya-pradhAna kAvya meM aMgI rasa ke virodhI zRMgAra ke ubhaya pakSoM kA sotsAha nirUpaNa ApAtataH aTapaTA laga sakatA hai, kintu yaha mahAkAvya-paramparA meM rasarAja ke gaurava tathA kavi dvArA usakI svIkRti kA pratIka hai| zAnta ke pravAha meM zRMgAra kI mAdhurI ko nimajjita na karanA rAjamalla kI sAhityika ImAnadArI hai| vItazokA nagarI ke madamAte yuvakoM kI krIr3AoM, zivakumAra ke rativarNana tathA jambUkumAra kI navoDhA patniyoM kI kAmapUrNa ceSTAoM meM sambhoga-zRMgAra kA hRdayasparzI citraNa huA hai| zivakumAra kI keliyoM ke isa prasaMga meM zRMgAra kI chaTA darzanIya hai| vanopavanavIthISu saritAM pulineSu ca / saraHsu jalakIDAya kAntAbhiragamanmudam / / AliMganaM dadau strINAM kadAcid ratakarmaNi / tAsAM smitakaTAkSazca raMjamAno muhurmuhuH| kadAcinmAninI mugdhAM kopanAM praNayAtmikAm / nayati sma yathopAyamanunayaM nayAtmakaH // 4.70-72 dravyasaMyamI bhavadeva kI navayauvanA patnI ko punaH pAne kI adhIratA meM viraha kI vyathA hai / bhavadeva agraja ke gaurava ke kAraNa saMyama to grahaNa kara letA hai parantu nava-vivAhitA priyA kI yAda usake hRdaya ko nirantara mathatI rahatI hai / virahI tApasa ke kAmAkula udgAra vipralambha zRMgAra kI saSTi karate haiN| paryaTanpathi pAMthaH saMzcitati sma sa sasmaraH / adya bhaMjAmi kAntAM tAM sAlaMkArAM sakautukAm // 3.162 tAruNyajaladhervelAM kamrAM kAmadudhAmiva / matsyImiva vinA toyaM mAmRte virahAturAm // 3.163 parantu zRMgAra pavitratAvAdI jaina kavi ke mana ko abhibhUta nahIM kara skaa| uparyukta bhAvocchvAsa ke pazcAt bhI usake lie nArI mala-mUtra kA ghRNita pAtra, sarpa se adhika bhayaMkara tathA puruSa kA abhedya bandhanajAla hai / 22 rAjamalla kI tUlikA ne vIrarasa ke bhI ojasvI citra aMkita kiye haiN| zRMgAra kI bhA~ti vIrarasa bhI AdhikArika kathA kA avayava bana kara AyA hai| paurANika nAyaka ke parAkrama kI pratiSThA ke lie mahAkAvya meM usake yuddhoM kA varNana 22. jambUsvAmicarita, 10.6-10,13

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jambUsvAmicarita : rAjamalla 453 eka rUr3hi bana gayA thaa| rAjamalla kA yuddhavarNana tatkAlIna kAvya-praNAlI se prabhAvita hai / mAgha tathA unake anuvartI adhikatara kaviyoM kI bhA~ti rAjamalla ne yuvA jambUkumAra aura vidyAdhara ratnacala ke yuddha ke varNana meM adhikatara vIrarasAtmaka rUDhiyoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / yuddha ke antargata dhUli se AkAza ke AcchAdita hone, hAthiyoM kI bhir3anta, rathacakroM kI caramarAhaTa, dhanuSoM kI TaMkAra, bANa-varSA se sUrya ke Dhakane, kabandhoM ke yuddha, inhIM rUDhiyoM kA saMketa dete haiM / AThaveM sarga meM kramazaH mRgAMka aura ratnacUla tathA jambUkumAra Ara ratnacUla ke dvitIya yuddha meM ukta rUDhiyoM ke atirikta vAyavya, Agneya tathA gArur3a astroM aura nAgapAzoM kA khulakara prayoga bhI isI pravRtti kA dyotaka hai| kAvya meM vIrarasa kI sarvottama abhivyakti, sAtaveM sarga meM, kSAtra dharma ke nirUpaNa meM huI hai| kramo'yaM kSAtradharmasya sanmukhatvaM ydaahve| varaM prANAtyayastatra nAnyathA jIvanaM varam // 7.30 ye dRSTvAribalaM pUrNa tUrNaM bhagnAstadAhave / palAyanti vinA yuddhaM dhik tAnAsyamalImasAn // 7.32 kAvya meM yuddhoM kA savistAra varNana zAstra kA nirvAhamAtra pratIta hotA hai / zRMgAra kI taraha hiMsA bhI kavi kI mUla zAntivAdI vRtti ke anukUla nahIM hai / prathama yuddha meM vijayI hokara jambU kA pazcAttApa se dagdha honA tathA hiMsA kI niMdA karanA; kavi kI vIrarasa ke janaka yuddha ke prati sahaja ghRNA ko bimbita karatA hai| isa yuddhanindA ke turanta bAda jambUkumAra eka anya yuddha meM pravRtta ho jAtA hai, ise viDambanA ke atirikta kyA kahA jA sakatA hai ? jambUsvAmicarita meM karuNarasa kI abhivyakti ke lie yatheSTa sthAna hai| zivakumAra ke mUcchita hone para usake pitA cakravartI mahApadma ke vilApa meM tathA jambUsvAmI ke pravrajyA ke lie prasthAna karane para usakI mAtA tathA patniyoM ke rodana meM karuNa rasa kA paripAka huA hai| raghuvaMza athavA zAkuntala kI karuNA kI-sI painI vyaMjanA kI AzA ina kaviyoM se nahIM karanI caahie| hA nAtha manmahAprANa hA kandarpakalevara / anAthA vayamadyAho vinApyAgA kRtAH katham // dhigdaivaM yena dattAsya tapase buddhirutkttaa| pazyatA sma mahAduHkhaM ttkaarunnymkurvtaa|| 12.20-21 23. vahI, 7.231-241 24. vahI, 8.50-51,67-78 25. tatkevalaM mayA kAri hiMsAkarma mahattaram / tatkevalaM pramAdAdvA yadvecchatA yazazcayam // vahI, 8.18 prANAnte'pi na haMtavyaH prANI kazciditi zrutiH / 8.16

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya mahArAja zreNika kA gajarAja, saMgrAmazUra, zrRMkhalA tor3a kara bhAga jAtA hai / usake utpAtoM se bhIta sainikoM ke varNana meM bhayAnaka rasa kI utpatti huI hai / zreNika ke zUravIra yoddhA hAthI kI duzceSTAoM se itane vicalita ho jAte haiM ki use vazIbhUta karane kA koI prayAsa taka nahIM kara sakA / yatastataH palAyantastatra kecid bhayAturAH 454 kAtaratvaM samAdAya na punaH sanmukhaM yayuH / / 6.73 bhAvyamadya kimatrAho cintayanto bhaTA api / na kSamAH sanmukhaM gantuM bandhanAyAzu dantinaH / / 6.75 gauramAsyaM suyoddhAraH pazyanti sma paraM param / vimanaskA bhustatra nirutsAhA nirudyamAH / / 6.76 isa saMgrAmazUra ke krodhAveza kA citraNa raudrarasa kI niSpatti karatA hai / apanI bhayaMkara garjanA se sabako DarAtA huA tathA saba kucha naSTa-bhraSTa karatA huA vaha parvatAkAra hAthI sAkSAt yama kA avatAra pratIta hotA hai / aMjanAdrisamo dantI calatkarNaprabhaMjanaH / sthUlakAyaH kRtAMtAbho navASADhapayodavat // dantAvalo'tha dantAgrairutkhanan pRthivItalam / zuNDAdaNDena tatroccairudgiran vArisaMcayam // uccakhAna vanaM sarvaM raudrazcAtibhISaNaH / ucchindan tarumUlAni mUlonmUlamitastataH / 6.63-65 25 jambUsvAmicarita meM adbhuta, " bIbhatsa tathA vAtsalya rasoM kA bhI yathocita paripAka milatA hai / prakRti-citraNa jambUsvAmicarita kI kathAvastu kucha aisI hai ki usameM prakRti-citraNa ke lie adhika sthAna nahIM hai / parantu rAjamalla ne kAvya meM yathAsthAna prAkRtika dRzyoM ke varNana ke dvArA prakRti ke prati apane naisargika anurAga kA paricaya diyA hai AkAra meM parimita hotA huA bhI rAjamalla kA prakRti-citraNa usa rItibaddha yuga meM tAz2agI kA AbhAsa detA hai / jambUsvAmicarita meM bahudhA prakRti ke Alambana pakSa kA tatparatA se varNana kiyA gayA hai / kAlidAsottara kaviyoM kI prakRti ke svAbhAvika citraNa se vimukhatA ko dekhate hue jambUsvAmicarita ke racayitA kI yaha pravRtti vastuta: abhinandanIya hai / varSA Rtu ke varNana meM prakRti-citraNa kI yahI pravRtti dRSTigocara hotI 26. vahI, 2.248- 251 27. vahI, 3.87 28. vahI, 5.133

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jambUsvAmicarita : rAjamalla 455 hai / pAvasa meM meghamAlA gambhIra garjana karatI huI AkAza meM ghUmatI hai, zItala pavana calatI hai, mayUroM tathA cAtakoM kA madhura zabda barabasa hRdaya ko hara letA hai aura varSA kI avirAma bauchAreM pRthvI kA santApa dUra karatI haiN| varSAkAla ke ina upakaraNoM kA prastuta paMktiyoM meM svAbhAvika citraNa huA hai| vidyudvanto mahAdhvAnA varSanto rejire ghnaaH| sahemakakSA madino nAgA iva sabaMhitAH // 2.47 vavau ca vAtatAnkurvan kalApaudhAn kalApinAm / ghanAghanAlimuktAmbhaHkaNavAhI samIraNaH // 2.46 cAtakA madhuraM reNurabhinandya ghanAgamam / akasmAttANDavArambhamAtene zikhinAM kulam // 2.50 tadA jaladharonmuktA muktAphalarucazchaTAH / mahIM nirvApayAmAsudivakarakaroSmataH // 2.55 rAjamalla ne prakRti para mAnavIya ceSTAoM tathA kAryoM kA bhI AropaNa kiyA hai jisase usake tathA mAnava ke bIca abhinna sAhacarya sthApita ho gayA hai / vasanta tathA varSA donoM RtuoM ke varNana meM prakRti kA mAnavIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai, yadyapi isa ora kavi kI adhika ruci nahIM hai| varSAkAla meM damakatI bijalI, nartakI kI bhA~ti, AkAza kI raMgabhUmi meM, hAva-bhAva dikhalA kara, vibhinna mudrAoM meM nRtya karatI huI, apane aMga-lAvaNya se sabako mohita kara letI hai| vidyunnaTI nabhoraMge vicitraakaardhaarinnii| pratikSaNavivRttAMgI nRtyArambhamivAtanot // 2.53 vasanta ke prastuta varNana meM RturAja ko vaibhavazAlI samrATa ke rUpa meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai, jo kamala kA chatra dhAraNa karake tathA phUloM kI yazomAlA pahina kara vanAMgana meM praveza karatA hai| AtapatraM dadhAno'sau praphullendIvaracchalAt / prasUnaH svayazomAlAM nyadhAnmUdhina sa mAdhavaH // 6.47 saMskRta kAvya kI prakRti-citraNa kI tatkAlIna paripATI AlaMkArika varNana kI praNAlI thii| rAjamalla kA vasanta-varNana prauDhokti para hI AdhArita hai / RturAja ke vividha upakaraNoM ke citraNa meM kavikalpanA adhikatara utprekSA ke rUpa meM prakaTa huI hai| isase yaha varNana, eka ora, kalpanAzIlatA se dyotita hai aura dUsarI ora, isakI preSaNIyatA meM vRddhi huI hai| vasanta meM campaka vRkSoM se yukta azoka ke per3a aise lagate haiM mAnoM viyogiyoM ke vidIrNa hRdayoM ke mAMsapiNDa hoN| aura TesU ke phUla virahI janoM ko jalAne vAlI citAe~ pratIta hotI haiN| yatrAzokatarU reje yutazcampakavRkSakaiH / sphuTitasya hRdo mAMsapiNDo nUnaM viyoginAm // 6.52

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456 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya rejuH kizukapuSpANi yatrAraktacchavIni ca / dagdhuM hRdvirahArtAnAM citA: prajvalitA iva / / 6.53 kAvya kI kucha ghaTanAe~ aisI haiM jo prakRti ke Adarza rUpa kI sRSTi karatI haiN| varddhamAna jina ke samavasaraNa tathA kAvyanAyaka ke janma ke avasara para prakRti kA yaha rUpa dRSTigamya hotA hai / jinendra ke prabhAva se pazu-pakSI apanA cirantana vaira chor3akara sauhArdapUrNa AcaraNa karate haiM aura antima kevalI ke janma ke samaya svarga meM dundubhinAda hotA hai, trividha bayAra calane lagatI hai aura dizAe~ jayaghoSa se guMjita ho uThatI haiM / nedurdundubhayaH svarge puSpavRSTirabhUttadA / da vurvAtAH suzItAzca sugaMdhA puSpareNubhiH / / 5.126 sarvatrApi caturdikSu jayakAra mahAdhvaniH / zrUyate paramAnandakAraNaM karaNapriyaH / / 5.127 saundaryacitraNa rAjamalla kI saundaryAnveSI dRSTi ke lie prakRti-saundarya ke samAna mAnavasaundarya bhI AkarSaka tathA grAhya hai / kAvya meM yadyapi kevala magadharAja zreNika ke zArIrika saundarya kA varNana huA hai kintu jisa tatparatA se kavi ne use aMkita kiyA hai, usase saundarya-citraNa meM usakI dakSatA kA paricaya milatA hai / saMskRta - kAvya kI cira pratiSThita nakhazikhavidhi ko chor3akara kisI abhinava mArga kI udbhAvanA karanA to sambhava nahIM thA kintu rAjamalla ne apane kAvya- kauzala se saundarya-citraNa ko sarasa tathA kalpanA pUrNa banAne kA bharasaka prayatna kiyA hai| zreNika ke vibhinna avayavoM ke saundarya kI abhivyakti meM preSaNIyatA lAne ke liye usane alaMkAroM (upamA aura utprekSA) kI vivekasammata yojanA kI hai| magadharAja ke kAle ghuMgharAle bAla aise pratIta hote the mAnoM ve kAmarUpI kRSNa sarpa ke zizu hoM / vizAla vakSa para candana kA lepa meru kI talahaTI meM chiTakI zaratkAlIna cA~danI ke samAna thA / usakI gambhIra nAbhi aisI lagatI bhI mAnoM sundariyoM kI dRSTi rUpI liye kAma ne pAnI kI khAI banAyI ho| aura karadhanI se veSTita kaTi svarNima vedikA se ghire jAmuna ke per3a ke samAna pratIta hotI thI / hathinI ko phAMsane ke zirasyasya babhurnIlA mUrddhajAH kuMcitAyatAH / kAmakRSNabhujaMgasya zizavo tu vijRmbhitAH / / 2.216 vakSaHsthalena pRthunA so'dhAccaMdana cacitAm / meronijataTAlagnAM zAradImiva candrikAm / / 2.221 saridAvarttagambhIrA nAbhirmadhye'sya nirbabhau / nArIdRkkariNIrodhe vArikhAteva hRdbhuvA / / 2.223

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jambUsvAmicarita : rAjamalla 457 rasanAveSTitaM tasya kaTimaNDalamAbabhau / hemavedIparikSiptamiva jambUdrumasthalam // 2.224 caritracitraNa __ jambUsvAmicarita meM adhika pAtra nahIM haiM / kAvyanAyaka ke atirikta usakI cAra patniyA~, pitA arhaddAsa, mAtA jinamatI tathA vidyuccara kathAnaka kA tAnAbAnA bunane ke sahayogI haiM / jambUsvAmI kA caritra aMkita karane meM kavi ko apekSAkRta adhika saphalatA milI hai| jambUsvAmI jambUsvAmI mAnavocita samasta guNoM kA puMja hai / vaha kAma ke samAna rUpavAn, vajrapANi ke samAna balavAn, meru kI taraha dhIra, sAgara kI bhA~ti gambhIra, sUrya-sA tejasvI, cA~da-sA saumya aura kamala-sA komala hai| kAvya meM usake ina sabhI guNoM kA pallavana nahIM huA hai / usake caritra kI jina do vizeSatAoM para adhika bala diyA gayA hai tathA jinase usakA samUcA vyaktitva paricAlita hai, ve haiM parasparavirodhI vIratA aura vairAgya / vaha bandhana se chuTe, zreNika ke parvatAkAra madamatta hAthI ko pUMcha pakar3a kara kSaNa bhara meM damita kara detA hai jabaki anya balI yoddhA prANa bacAne ke liye, kAyaroM kI bhA~ti, idhara-udhara chipa jAte haiN| vajra bhI usa vIra kA bAla bAMkA nahI kara sakatA, tuccha hAthI kA to kahanA hI kyA ? vajrAsthibandhanaH so'yaM vajrakIlazca vajravat / vajraNApi na hanyeta kA kathA kiitthstin:|| 6.80 _ vidyAdhara ratnacUla kI sugaThita senA ko vaha akelA kSatavikSata kara detA hai / atimAnuSika yoddhA jahA~ asaphala hue, manuSya ne vahA~ vijaya paaii| dvandvayuddha meM bhI ratnacUla ko usase muMha kI khAnI par3atI hai| usakI isa anupama upalabdhi kA keralapati mRgAMka tathA mahArAja zreNika kRtajJatApUrvaka abhinandana karate haiM / yaha unhIM kA yuddha thA, jise jambUsvAmI ne udAratA se apane sira le liyA thaa| kintu yuddha, hiMsA Adi usakI prakRti ke anukUla nahIM hai / vijayaprApti ke pazcAt use, samrATa azoka kI bhA~ti, AtmaglAni kA anubhava hotA hai aura vaha apanI krUratA para pazcAttApa karane lagatA hai / usake isa AcaraNa meM virodhAbhAsa hai parantu yaha apratyAzita nahIM kyoMki usake vyaktitva kA preraNAbindu karuNA evaM virakti hai / jambUsvAmI samUce upalabdha vaibhavoM se sarvathA alipta hai| rUpavatI navavadhuoM ke bIca vaha aise avicala rahatA hai mAnoM nArI meM koI AkarSaNa na ho aura puruSa meM uttejanA na ho / patniyoM ke samasta hAva-bhAva bhI usakI dRDhatA ke durga ko nahIM bheda ske| vastuta:, usakI dRSTi meM nArI viSThA, mUtra, majjA Adi malinatAoM ke puMja 26. vahI, 11.3-5 30. vahI, 8.16

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya atirikta kucha nahI hai " / jIvana kA sAra saMyama meM nihita hai| mAtA-pitA kA Agraha tathA patniyoM kA anunaya bhI use abhISTa mArga se vicalita karane meM asaphala rahatA hai / vidyuccara kA 'dvayaM prApya na bhuMjIta yaH sa daivena vaMcita' kA tIra bhI vyartha jAtA hai / antataH use tapazcaryA se parama pada kI prApti hotI hai / anya pAtra arhAsa rAjagRha kA dhanI vyApArI tathA putravatsala pitA hai / munivara se apanI patnI ke garbha se antima kevalI ke janma kI bhaviSyavANI sunakara usake Ananda kA pArAvAra nahIM rahatA / vaha rItipUrvaka navajAta zizu ke jAtakarma Adi saMskAra karatA hai / putra ke pravrajyA grahaNa karane se vaha zoka meM DUba jAtA hai / usakI patnI janamatIko antima kevalI kI jananI hone kA gaurava prApta hai / ve donoM hI bhavabandhana se bacane ke liye tApasavrata grahaNa karate haiM / 1 458 jambUsvAmI kI patniyA~ yauvanasampanna sundariyA~ haiM / unakI patiparAyaNatA Azcaryajanaka hai / jambU ke sAtha vivAha nizcita hone ke uparAnta unheM kisI anya se vivAha karane kA prastAva bhI sahya nahIM hai / ve apane saMyamadhana pati ko rUpapAza meM bAMdhane kA pUrNa prayatna karatI haiM / isameM yadyapi unheM saphalatA nahIM milatI kintu unakI pati-niSThA meM koI antara nahIM aataa| pati ke cAritryavrata lene para unakA premila hRdaya hAhAkAra kara uThatA hai / vidyuccara rAjagRha kA kukhyAta cora hai / vaha jambUkumAra ko vairAgya se virata kara sAMsArika sukha-bhogoM meM pravRtta karane kA prabala prayAsa karatA hai, kintu usake saMvega se dravita hokara svayaM munivrata grahaNa karatA hai aura tapobala se siddhi prApta karatA hai / samAja-citraNa jambUsvAmicarita meM prasaMgavaza kucha sAMskRtika sAmagrI samAviSTa hai, jisake vizleSaNa se tatkAlIna samAja ke katipaya pakSoM kI kamabeza jAnakArI milatI hai / Aryavasu ke putroM kI zikSA ke sandarbha meM jisa pAThyakrama kA ullekha hai, usase vidita hotA hai ki usa samaya veda-zAstra ke atirikta vyAkaraNa, vaidyaka, tarka, chanda, jyotiS saMgIta tathA alaMkArazAstra adhyayana ke viSaya the / yadyapi ye viSaya brAhmaNoM ke liye nirdhArita the kintu inheM tatkAlIna zikSA kA sAmAnya pAThyakrama mAnane meM koI hicaka nahI ho sakatI / kSatriyoM ke liye zastravidyA kA vidhivat abhyAsa anivArya thaa| dhAnyabhedoM kI sUcI meM SaSThikA (sAMThI), kalama tathA vrIhi vibhinna prakAra 31. vahI, 11.3-5 32. vahI, 3.81-83 33. vahI, 4.63-64

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jambUsvAmicarita : rAjamalla 456 ke cAvala the / zyAmAka aura nIvAra sambhavataH svayambhU jaMgalI cAvala the| gehU~ ke samAna jau kA ATA bhI prayoga meM lAyA jAtA thaa| dAloM meM masUra, mUga, mASa tathA rAjamASa kA pracalana thaa| cane kA prayoga ATe aura dAla donoM rUpoM meM kiyA jAtA hogA / dhaniyA aura jIrA masAle meM prayukta kiye jAte the / anya khAdya padArthoM meM kaMgu, kodrava, udAra, varaka, tila, alasI, sarSapa (sarasoM), ADhakI, niSpAva, kulattha tripuTa, kusumbha kA ullekha hai / kapAsa kI khetI bhI kI jAtI thii| sarasoM, tila tathA alasI kA tela nikAlA jAtA hogaa| vyAdhi se zarIra meM dhAtuoM kA viparyaya svAbhAvika hai / khAMsI jaise sAmAnya vikAra se lekara kSaya, jalodara, bhagaMdara tathA zvAsa jaise bhayaMkara rogoM taka kA ullekha rAjamalla ne kiyA hai| zarIra meM vAyu ke Adhikya se jor3oM meM asahya vedanA hotI thii| AtmahatyA se zarIrAnta karane kI paramparA zAyada utanI hI purAnI hai jitanA mAnava ! rAjamalla ke samakAlIna samAja meM asAdhya roga se pIr3ita vyakti ko jaba nIroga hone kI AzA chUTa jAtI thI, vaha jIte jI citA meM prANa homa kara detA thA / Arsavasu koDha se jarjara ho jAne para citA meM jala kara mara gayA thaa| aisI sthiti meM nArI pati ke sAtha satI ho jAtI hai / 36 dyUta kA vyasana Rgveda-kAla se hI bhAratIya samAja ke sAtha jur3A huA hai / rAjamalla ne apane kAvya meM juArI kI durdazA kA rocaka citra khIMcA hai| jue meM hArI gayI rAzi ko na cukAne vAle kI hatyA taka kara dI jAtI thii| jinadAsa para vijayI juArI ne talavAra kA prahAra kiyA thA / juAriyoM kI ApasI mArapITa to sAmAnya bAta thii| vyApaka pracalana ke bAvajUda dyUta ko sadaiva samAja-virodhI mAnA jAtA thaa| pulisa juAriyoM ko daNDa dekara isa vyasana ko miTAne kA prayatna karatI thii|37 darzana jambUsvAmicarita meM jaina-darzana ke mUlAdhAra sAta tattvoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| inameM se Azrava, saMvara tathA nirjarA kA terahaveM sarga meM anuprekSAoM ke antargata bhI savistAra vivecana huA hai / guNa tathA paryaya se yukta dravya hai / isa dRSTi se jIva dravya hai| usake yoga ke kAraNa pudgala ko bhI dravya mAnA gayA hai / pradezapracaya ke abhAva ke kAraNa kAla kI kAyA nahIM hai| dharma, adharma, AkAza tathA 34. vahI, 2.60-62 35. vahI, 5.8-6. 36. vahI, 3.60-61. 37. vahI, 5.70-75, 83; tulanA kIjie : na jAnImo nayatA baddhametam-Rgveda, 10.34.4

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460 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya pudgala cAroM astikAya haiM / jIvAdi tattvoM kA yathArtha jJAna samyak jJAna hai| unake prati zraddhA samyak darzana kI jananI hai| karma ke hetubhUta bhAvoM ke nirodha ko samyaka cAritra kahA gayA hai| samyagdarzana kA sthAna sarvopari hai / ye tInoM samanvita rUpa meM mokSa ke dAyaka haiM / jIva anAdi, ananta, svayaMsiddha, asaMkhyAtadarzI tathA ananta guNavAn hai / caitanya usakA lakSaNa hai / jIva svadeha-parimANa, jJAtA, draSTA tathA karmoM kA kartA aura bhoktA hai / karmoM se mukta hone para Urdhvagamana usakA svabhAva hai| prANI, jantu kSetrajJa, puruSa, pumAn , antarAtmA, jJa tathA jJAnI usake paryaya haiN| jIva tIna prakAra kA hai -bhavya, abhavya aura mukta / bhaviSya meM siddhi prApta karane vAlA jIva bhavya hai / abhavya vaha hai jise bhaviSya meM bhI siddhi prApta nahIM hotI / karmabandhana se mukta, nirmala, sukhamaya tathA trilokI ke zikhara para sthita jIva mukta athavA siddha hai / ajIva jIva kA viparIta hai| usakA lakSaNa bhI dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla tathA pudgala kI dRSTi se kiyA jAtA hai| inameM pudgala sAkAra hai, zeSa cAra AkArarahita / skandha aura aNu pudgala ke do bheda haiM / snigdha, rUkSAtmaka aNuoM kA saMghAta skandha kahA jAtA hai| dvayaNu se lekara mahAskandha taka usakA vistAra hai| chAyA, Atapa, andhakAra, jyotsnA, megha Adi usake bheda haiM / karmoM ke Agamana kA mArga Asrava hai / vaha do prakAra kA hai- bhAvAzrava aura dravyAzrava / bhAvAzrava ke cAra bheda haiM-mithyAtva, kaSAya, yoga tathA avirati / tattvArtha ke prati azraddhA athavA mithyA zraddhA mithyAtva hai| kaSAya mohanIya karmoM ke udaya se utpanna hote haiN| ve saMkhyA meM paccIsa haiM / karmAzrava ke kartA hone ke nAte ve mahAn vipattidAyaka haiN| avirati kA antarbhAva kaSAyoM meM ho jAtA hai yadyapi usakA pRthak nirUpaNa bhI kiyA jAtA hai / pAMca iMdriyoM tayA chaThe mana ke anigraha ko avirati kahA gayA hai| Atma-pradezoM kA parispanda yoga hai| mana, vAk, kAyA rUpa vargaNAoM ke vipAka kI dRSTi se vaha tIna prakAra kA hai / bandha Azrava kA phala hai| vaha bhI bhAvabandha tathA dravyabandha ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| AzravoM kA nirodha saMvara hai| Azrava kI taraha usake bhI do bheda haiM---bhAva-saMvara tathA drvy-sNvr| jitane aMza se kaSAyoM kA nigraha ho, vahI bhAvasaMvara kA kSetra hai| karmaNAoM kA rodha dravyasaMvara hai| ukta bheda se nirjarA bhI do prakAra kI hai / AtmA ke zuddhabhAva se karma kA vegapUrvaka vigalita honA bhAva 38. vahI 3.11-16 36. vahI, 3.23-31 40. vahI, 3.33-52 41. vahI, 13.100-121

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jambUsvAmicarita : rAjamalla nirjarA hai / AtmA ke zuddhabhAva se tathA tapa ke atizaya se pUrvabaddha karmoM kA kSaya dravya-nirjarA hai / savipAka tathA avipAka ye nirjarA ke do anya bheda haiM / 2 azuddha avasthA tyAgakara zuddhAvasthA grahaNa karanA mokSa hai / yaha samasta karmoM kA kSaya hone para prApta hotI hai / mokSa meM jJAna, Ananda Adi kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| jaina darzana ke ina AdhArabhUta tattvoM ke vistRta nirUpaNa ke atirikta jambUsvAmicarita meM vedAntiyoM ke advaitavAda tathA bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda kI upahAsapUrvaka carcA huI hai| kApAlikoM kI isa mAnyatA kA bhI kAvya meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki paMca bhUtAtmaka zarIra ke atirikta jIva, baMdha tathA mokSa kucha nahIM hai| unake haMsa, paramahaMsa, daNDadhArI Adi sAdhuoM kI khillI ur3AI gayI hai|44 dharma ___ darzana kA vyAvahArika pakSa dharma hai| rAjamalla ke anusAra dharma kA mUla samyaktva hai| nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke bheda se dharma do prakAra kA hai| nizcaya-dharma AtmA para Azrita hai, vyavahAra dharma parAzrita hai / AtmA caitanya-rUpa tathA anubhUtigamya hone se nizcaya-dharma pAramArthika dharma hai / vaha Antarika Rddhi, zuddha, parama tapa, samyak jJAna, darzana tathA caritra aura zAzvata sukha hai| vyavahAra-dRSTi se dharma kA marma saMyama, dayA, tapa tathA zIla meM nihita hai / Azrama bheda se vaha gRhastha dharma tathA zramaNa dharma do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai / samyak jJAna, darzana tathA caritra ke rUpa meM vaha trividha hai / lakSaNoM ke anusAra usake dasa prakAra haiN| kSamA, mRdutA, RjutA, satya, zucitA, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, akiMcanatA tathA brahmacarya-ye dharma ke lakSaNa haiN| dharma ihaloka tathA paraloka donoM meM sadA hitasAdhaka hai / jambUsvAmicarita meM muni ke bAraha vratoM kA ullekha huA hai / inameM anazana, avamaudarya. vRttisaMkhyAna, rasatyAga, vivikta zayanAsana tathA kAyakleza bAhya vrata hai| prAyazcitta, parameSThiyoM ke prati vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, vyutsarga tathA anuttaradhyAna Abhyantara tapa haiM / bhASA jambUsvAmicarita kI racanA dharmapracAra tathA puNyArjana ke liye huI hai / ata: isa koTi ke anya mahAkAvyoM kI bhA~ti, jambUsvAmicarita meM bhASAtmaka prauDhatA athavA saundarya kI AzA karanA vyartha hai / kathAnaka kA svarUpa inake liye adhika 42. vahI, 13.122-132 43. vahI, 3.60 44. vahI, 2.112-115, 120-121 45. vahI, 1 100-11,13.153-161 46. vahI, 12.61-103

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462 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya avasara pradAna bhI nahIM karatA / jambUsvAmicarita meM Adi se anta taka prasAdapUrNa sarala bhASA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jisase usa uddezya kI pUrti ho sake jo isakI racanA kA preraka hai / subodhatA kI vedI para kavi ne bhASA kI zuddhatA kI bali dene meM bhI saMkoca nahIM kiyA hai| kAvya meM prAyaH usa prakAra ke sabhI apANinIya prayogoM ko udAratApUrvaka sthAna diyA gayA hai, jo paurANika kAvyoM kI bhASA kI vizeSatA haiM / jambUsvAmicarita ke vyAkaraNa-viruddha rUpoM kA sambandha sandhi, dhAtu-rUpa, zabdarUpa, kAraka, pratyaya, samAsa Adi zabdazAstra ke sabhI aMgoM se hai / tatovAca (tata uvAca), sopAyaM (sa upAyaM), nirdhanaMtIva (nirdhanvatIva), abhinandat (abhyanandat), vardhanam (jo nam) vade (vadAmi), smaratI (smarantI), suvarddhantau (suvarddhamAnau), dazita (draSTum), vidyati (vidyamAne), calamAnaH (caladbhiH ), nAbhirAjJaH (nAbhirAjasya), vyAkulIbhUtacetasaH (vyAkulIbhUtacetAH), ullekhanIya haiN| asti sma cAdyApi vibhAti (1.6), abhAsta sma (2.225), dhyAnamekAyaM dhyAyaniha (3.124), patirbhAvI bhavitA ko'tra (7.17), pratasthe'smin (8.102 prasthite'smin) Adi vicitra prayoga bhI kAvya meM durlabha nahIM haiN| isa prakAra kI bhASA se mahAkAvya kI garimA ko AghAta pahuMcatA hai| para rAjamalla zuddha athavA samartha bhASA ke prayoga meM asamartha ho, aisI bAta nahIM / kAvya ko sarvagamya banAne ke utsAha ke kAraNa vaha bhASA ke pariSkAra kI ora adhika dhyAna nahIM de skaa| jambUsvAmicarita meM bhASAtmaka vaividhya kA abhAva hai| kAvya meM adhikatara ekarUpa bhASA prayukta kI gayI hai| parantu, jaisA rasacitraNa ke prakaraNa se spaSTa hai, kavi manobhAvoM ke anukUla vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa karane ke liye yathocita bhASA kA prayoga kara sakatA hai| raudra, karuNa tathA zRMgAra rasoM kI bhinna-bhinna padAvalI isa kathana kI sAkSI hai| kAvya meM prasaMgavaza nItiparaka uktiyoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai, jinakI bhASA saralatama hai| jana-sAdhAraNa meM grAhya hone ke liye unameM subodhatA apekSita hI hai| tAvanmUlaguNAH sarve santi zreyovidhAyinaH / yAvaddhvaMsI na roSAgnirbhasmasAtkurute kSaNAt // 7.72 gauravaM tAvadevAstu prANinaH kanakAdrivat / yAvanna bhASate dainyAd dehIti dvau durakSarau // 7.73 rAjamalla kI bhASA sarala hai kintu vaha kAntihIna nahIM hai| vaha kavi ke uddezya kI pUrti ke liye sarvathA upayukta hai| alaMkAra-vidhAna jambUsvAmicarita meM alaMkAra bhAvavyaMjanA ke avayava haiN| zabdAlaMkAroM ke prati kavi kI adhika ruci nahIM hai yadyapi kAvya meM arthAlaMkAroM ke sAtha unakA bhI

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463 jambUsvAmicarita : rAjamalla virala prayoga kiyA gayA hai / rAjamalla ne AtmAbhivyakti ke liye jisa alaMkAra kA sabase adhika Azraya liyA hai, vaha upamA hai / prakRti para AdhArita upamAnoM ke prati usakA vizeSa pakSapAta hai / ye kavi ke prakRti prema ke sarvottama paricAyaka haiM / putra ke tApasavrata grahaNa karane kA nizcaya sunakara mAtA jinamatI isa prakAra kAMpa uThI jaise prabhaMjana ke vega se himadagdhA padminI / cakam zrutamAtreNa mAtA jinamatI satI / / pavaneritA vegAd himadagdheva padminI / / 6.52 yaha gUDhopamA bhI kama rocaka nahIM hai| bhojana ke bAda khArA jala pIne se jaise bhUkha bhar3aka uThatI hai usI prakAra akabara kI talavAra ne zatru kA mAMsa bhakSaNa karake jyoM hI samudra ke jala kA pAna kiyA, vaha tInoM lokoM ko lIlane ko Atura ho gayI / zite kRpANe'sya vidAritArita: ( 2 ) palAzanAtkurvati pAnamandhitaH / tato'dhikaM kSAratA bubhukSite jagattrayaM trAsamagAda nehasaH / / 1.23 kavi-kalpanA kA yahI kauzala utprekSA kI yojanA meM dRSTigata hotA hai / RturAja vasanta tathA mahArAja zreNika ke varNana meM to kavi ne apanI kalpanA kA koza luTA diyA hai | zreNika kI gambhIra nAbhi aisI lagatI thI mAno nArI kI dRSTi rUpI hathinI ko phAMsane ke liye kAma dvArA nirmita jalapUrNa khAI ho ( 2.223) / jambUsvAmI tathA vidyAdhara vyomagati ke vArttAlApa ke antargata prastuta padya meM sAmAnya mRgazizu tathA kruddha kesarI se kramaza: vizeSa ratnacUla vidyAdhara aura jambUkumAra vyaMgya haiM, ataH yahA~ aprastutaprazaMsA alaMkAra hai / tAvaddhatte svasadmasthazcApalyaM mRgazAvakaH / yAvaccAbhimukhaM garjan kruddho nAyAti kesarI / / 7.66 akabara kI digvijaya ke isa varNana meM atizayokti kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / usakI senA ke bhAra se pRthvI hI Ubar3a-khAbar3a nahIM huI, parvata bhI cUra-cUra hokara Dhaha gaye / na kevalaM digvijaye'sya bhUbhRtAM sahasrakhaNDairiha bhAvitaM bhRzam / bhuvo'pi nimnonnatamAnayAnayA calaccamUbhArabharAtimAtrataH // 1.16 bhAratavarSa kA varNana kavi ne parisaMkhyA ke dvArA kiyA hai / prastuta padya meM madavikAra, daNDapAruSya tathA jalasaMgraha Adi kA anya padArthoM se vyavaccheda dikhAyA gayA hai / yatra bhaMgastaraMgeSu gajeSu madavikriyA / daNDapAruSyamabjeSu saraHsu jalasaMgrahaH / / 2.205 jambU kI bAlakeliyoM ke varNana ke isa padya meM ' sArakhaM' kI bhinnArtha meM aura 'tArava' kI arthahIna AvRtti huI hai / yaha yamaka hai / sArakhaM jalamAsAdya sAravaM jalakUjitaiH / tArayaMtrakaiH krIDan jalAsphAlakRtAravaiH / / 5.155

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464 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya rUpaka, virodha, viSama, bhrAntimAn, sandeha, smaraNa, arthAntaranyAsa, vyatireka, lATAnuprAsa Adi alaMkAroM ko bhI kAvya meM sthAna milA hai| chanda paurANika mahAkAvya kI paramparA ke anusAra jambUsvAmicarita meM anuSTup ko kAvya racanA kA mAdhyama banAyA gayA hai| kucha sargoM meM, bIca-bIca meM athavA anta meM, katipaya anya chanda prayukta hue haiN| rAjamalla ne sAre kAvya meM ATha chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / anuSTup ke atirikta ve isa prakAra haiM--vaMzastha, upajAti, zArdUlavikrIDita, vasantatilakA, indravajrA, sragdharA tathA maalinii| kavi ne apane kucha vizeSa kathanoM ke samarthana meM sAhitya se saMskRta tathA prAkRta padya uddhRta kiye haiN| ye vividha chandoM meM nibaddha haiM / jambUsvAmicarita ke chandoM kI sUcI meM unheM zAmila nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| aitihAsika saMketa ___ jambUsvAmicarita meM cagatAI jAti meM utpanna mugala samrAT bAbara, humAU~ tathA akabara ke viSaya meM upayogI jAnakArI nihita hai| prathama do samrAToM kA to sarasarA-sA varNana kiyA gayA hai, akabara ke pratApa tathA vijayoM kA apekSAkRta vistRta varNana hai| kavi ne usakI cittaur3a, gujarAta tathA sUrata-durga kI vijayoM kA vizeSa ullekha kiyA hai / kukhyAta jajiyA kI samrAT dvArA samApti aura usakI dayAlutA ko kAvya meM kRtajJatApUrvaka smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| jaisA pahile kahA gayA hai, jambUsvAmicarita kI racanA bhaTAniyA (alIgaDha) ke nivAsI zAha ToDara ke anurodha para kI gayI thii| rAjamalla ne usakI vaMzaparamparA kA vistArapUrvaka nirUpaNa kiyA hai / ToDara arajAnIputra kRSNAmaMgala caudharI tathA vaiSNavamatAnuyAyI gaDhamalla sAhu kA kRpA-pAtra thaa| use TakasAla ke kArya meM atIva dakSatA prApta thii| zAha ToDara kASThAsaMghI kumArasena ke AmnAyI pAsA sAhu kA putra thaa| usakI putrI kausubhI patiparAyaNA strI thii| RSidAsa, mohana tathA rupamAMgada usake tIna guNavAn putra the| ___jambUsvAmicarita usa uddezya kI prApti meM saphala haA hai, jisase isakI racanA kI gayI hai| kAvya kI dRSTi se bhI yaha nagaNya nahIM hai| prasaMgavaza isameM tatkAlIna yugacetanA kA citraNa bhI huA hai| 47. vahI, 1.6-31 48. vahI, 1.60-78

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24. pradyumnacarita : ratnacandragaNi ratnacandragaNi kA pradyumnacarita' vivecya kAla kA antima paurANika mahAkAvya hai / sataraha sargoM ke isa bRhatkAya kAvya meM dvArikAdhIza zrIkRSNa ke suvijJAta putra pradyumna kA janma se nirvANaprApti taka sampUrNa carita nirUpita karanA kavi kA abhISTa hai, kintu jisa pariveza meM use prastuta kiyA gayA haiM, usameM vaha kAvya ke eka bhAga meM simaTa kara raha gayA hai / prAsaMgika vRttoM ko anAvazyaka mahattva dene se kAvya kA mukhya pratipAdya gauNa bana gayA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki ratnacandra ne vivekapUrvaka eka susambaddha kathAnaka cunakara bhI use, jaisA vaha jaina purANoM meM varNita hai, nemicarita ke sAmAnya avayava ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA hai / pradyumnacarita kA mahAkAvyatva pradyumnacarita kI racanA meM una bAhya tathA Abhyantara mAnadaNDoM kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai, jo bhAratIya kAvyazAstra meM mahAkAvya ke liye nirdhArita haiM / kAvya abhipreta pratipAdya tathA phalAgama kI dRSTi se pradyumna ko isakA nAyaka mAnanA yukta hai yadyapi, paribhASA ke anurUpa, vaha, kAvya meM, prANavAyu kI bhA~ti ApAdamastaka vyApta nahIM hai aura kRSNa ke bahumukhI virAT vyaktitva kI tulanA meM vaha tuccha prANI hai / kAvya meM nirUpita kRSNacarita kI pariNati ke sandarbha meM, kRSNa ko nAyaka ke pada para AsIna karanA to zAstrasammata nahIM kyoMki kAvya ke anusAra, jaina dharma meM dIkSita pAtroM ke viparIta kRSNa marakara naraka meM dAruNa yAtanAe~ bhogate haiM, para unheM nAyaka kA samakakSa ucca pada denA kisI prakAra asaMgata nahIM hai / aura parde ke pIche se samUce kAvya kA sUtra saMcAlana karane vAle vItarAga mahAtapasvI neminAtha kI bhI kaise upekSA kI jA sakatI hai ? mahAkAvya kA nAyaka hone ke nAte pradyumna ko dhIrodAtta mAnA jAegA para bArIkI se dekhane para vaha dhIroddhata zreNI kA nAyaka pratIta hotA hai, jo AtmavikatthanA, balapradarzana, chala-kapaTa tathA kautukapUrNa kAryoM meM hI jIvana kI sArthakatA mAnatA hai / kRSNacarita tathA usake aMgabhUta pradyumnacarita ko jaina sAhitya ne apane dharma gahare raMga meM raMgakara, svAnukUla pariveza meM, grahaNa kiyA hai| jainAjaina sAhitya ke isa vRtta kI vizrutatA asandigdha hai / mahAkAvya ke kathAnaka meM jo pAMca nATya- sandhiyAM 1. ahamadAbAda, san 1942 2. uttarapurANa, parva 71-72, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, aSTama parva |

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 466 Avazyaka mAnI gayI haiM, pradyumnacarita meM unameM se kucha kA nirvAha huA hai / prathama sarga meM satyabhAmA dvArA nArada kA apamAna karane se lekara, usakA pratikAra karane ke liye nArada dvArA kRSNa tathA rukmiNI ko paraspara anurakta karane, kRSNa dvArA rukmiNI ke haraNa tathA paMcama sarga meM pradyumna ke janma-varNana taka mukha sandhi hai, kyoMki kAvya ke isa bhAga meM kathAvastu kA bIja antarnihita hai / isI sarga meM dhUmaketu dvArA zizu pradyumna ko chalapUrvaka harakara vaitADhya parvata para asahAya chor3ane, nArada ke usakI sthiti jJAta karane tathA aneka vijayoM aura atimAnavIya kAryoM ke bAda, sarga meM pradyumna ke apane mAtA-pitA se milane ke varNana meM bIja kA lakSyAlakSya rUpa meM vikAsa hone se pratimukha- sandhi kA nirvAha huA hai / satarahaveM sarga meM pradyumna kevalajJAna tathA mokSa prApta karatA hai, jo isa kAvya kA phalAgama hai / yahA~ nirvahaNa - sandhi hai / garbha tathA vimarza sandhiyoM kA pradyumnacarita meM astitva khojanA duSkara hai| paurANika kAvya hone ke nAte pradyumnacarita meM zAntarasa kI pradhAnatA apekSita hai / isakA paryavasAna zAntarasa meM huA bhI hai / kAvya ke prAyaH sabhI pAtra antataH saMyama grahaNa karate haiM / parantu pradyumnacarita meM zAnta kA aMgI rasa ke rUpa meM paripAka nahIM huA hai / isakI tulanA meM vIra rasa kI kAvya meM tIvra tathA vyApaka abhivyakti huI hai aura yadi ise pradyumnacarita kA mukhya rasa mAnA jAe to anucita na hogA / kevala kAvya ke lakSya tathA phalAgama ke Agraha ke kAraNa zAnta rasa ko isakA aMgI rasa mAnA jA sakatA hai / inake atirikta kAvya meM prAyaH sabhI pramukha rasoM kI itanI tIvra vyaMjanA hai ki rasa kI dRSTi se pradyumnacarita ucca pada kA adhikArI hai / ratnacandra kA kAvya caritroM kI vizAla citrazAlA hai / yadyapi kAvya ke samasta pAtroM ko paurANika pariveza tathA vAtAvaraNa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai tathApi unakA nijI vyaktitva hai, jo AkarSaNa se zUnya nahIM hai / pradyumnacarita meM jalakeli, dUta - preSaNa, yuddha, vivAha, Rtu, nagara, parvata tathA kautukapUrNa camatkArajanaka kRtyoM ke rocaka varNana haiM / ye varNana kAvya kI viSaya- samRddhi tathA vividhatA ke AdhArastambha haiM / . isa prakAra sandhivikRti ko chor3akara pradyumnacarita meM mahAkAvya ke samUce paramparAgata tattva vidyamAna haiM, jo isakI saphalatA ke nizcita pramANa haiM / pradyumnacarita kI paurANikatA pradyumnacarita paurANika zailI kA mahAkAvya hai / isameM paurANika kAvyoM ke svarUpavidhAyaka tattvoM kI bharamAra hai / ratnacandra ne bhavAntaroM ke varNanoM ke vyAja se karmasiddhAnta kI aTalatA kI vyAkhyA karane kA ghanaghora udyoga kiyA hai / kAvya meM janma-janmAntaroM ke antahIna varNanoM kA yahI kAraNa hai / manuSya ke karma kSaNa bhara bhI usakA pIchA nahIM chodd'te| unakA phala jIva ko anivAryataH bhoganA par3atA 3. na muMcantyaH kSaNAd dUraM jIvaM ki karmarAzayaH / pradyumnacarita, 12.82

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pradyumnacarita ratnacandragaNi 467 hai / vedajJa agnibhUti tathA vAyubhUti, pUrvajanma meM mAMsabhakSI zRgAloM ke rUpa meM, carmarajju khAne ke kAraNa isa janma meM IrSyAlu brAhmaNa banate haiM aura muni nandivardhana kI khillI ur3Ane kA prayAsa karate haiN| unakA pitA somadeva tathA mAtA agnilA bhavAntara meM vyabhicAra ke kAraNa, nAnA adhama yoniyoM meM ghUma kara bhI, kramazaH cANDAla tathA kuttI ke rUpa meM paidA hote haiM / hastinApura ke ahaMdAsa ke putroM, pUrNabhadra tathA maNibhadra, (pUrvajanma ke agnibhUti aura vAyubhUti) ko pUrvabhava ke isa sambandha ke kAraNa hI cANDAla aura kuttI ke prati sahasA sneha kA anubhava hotA hai / kAlAntara meM pUrNabhadra viSvaksena kA putra madhu banatA hai| vaTapura ke rAjA kanakaprabha kI rUpavatI patnI candrAbhA kA apaharaNa karake madhu usase jo baira mola letA hai, vaha bhI janmAntara meM usakA pIchA karatA hai / yahI madhu, vartamAna bhava meM, rukmiNI ke putra pradyumna ke rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai| kanakaprabha dhUmaketu banatA hai| pUrvavaira ke kAraNa dhUmaketu ne navajAta pradyumna kA apaharaNa kiyA hai| pUrvajanma meM somadeva kI patnI lakSmI, muni kA apamAna karane ke kAraNa gardabhI, zUkarI Adi hIna yoniyoM meM duHkha bhogatI hai| kintu anya ja ma meM RSi samAdhigupta kI sahAyatA karane ke phalasvarUpa vaha zrAvikA aura antataH vRSNa kI patnI rukmiNI banatI hai / lakSmI ke rUpa meM eka mayUrI ko usake zizu se saulaha mAsa taka viyukta rakhane ke kAraNa rukmiNI ko saulaha varSa taka putra viyoga kI vedanA sahanI par3atI hai / pUrva janma meM sapatnI ke sAta ratna curAne ke pApa kA phala bhogatI huI devakI ko, vartamAna bhava meM, sAta putroM ko janma dekara eka bhI patra ke lAlana-pAlana kA saubhAgya prApta nahIM hotaa| paurANika kAvyoM kI prakRti ke anurUpa pradyumnacarita meM alaukika tathA atimAnavIya ghaTanAoM kA prAcurya hai / devarSi nArada, jo mahAkAvya meM atIva mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA kA nirvAha karate haiM, svayaM alaukika pAtra haiN| ve dvIpAntaroM tathA agamya parvatoM para isa sahajatA se paryaTana karate haiM jaise pRthvI para vicaraNa kara rahe hoM / pradyumna ke atiprAkRtika kAryoM se to kAvya bharA par3A hai| usakI zakti asIma tathA alaukika hai / vaha bala-pradarzana kI bhAvanA se Arabdha yuddha meM kRSNa ko bhI parAjita kara detA hai (8.317) / usake kAryakalApa meM prajJaptividyA kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai / vaha kuNDinanagara meM, rAtri ke samaya, vaidarbhI ke AvAsagRha meM jAkara vidyAbala se samasta vivAha-sAmagrI juTAtA hai aura, pracchanna rUpa meM, usase vivAha karatA hai| isI vidyAbala se vaha jAmbavatI ko satyabhAmA kA rUpa dekara kRSNa ke zayanagRha meM bhejatA hai| sAgara tathA kanakamelA ke vivAha kA kAraNa bhI prajJapti hai / dvija ke rUpa meM vaha satyabhAmA kI kubjA dAsI ke sira kA sparza karane mAtra se usakI kubjatA dUra kara detA hai| uSA anurUpa vara kI prApti ke lie gaurI kI pUjA karatI hai| usakA pitA bANa zaMkara kI ArAdhanA se ajeyatA kA varadAna prApta karatA hai / kRSNa aura pANDava lavaNasAgara ke adhiSThAtA deva, susthita kI sahAyatA se usa do lAkha yojana 4. tulanA kIjie-kammasaccA hu pANiNo : uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 7.20

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468 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya lambe sAgara ko AsAnI se pAra kara lete haiM (13.66) / sura kI bherI bajAne se dvArikA ke saba roga sahasA zAnta ho jAte haiM (14.10.6) / pradyumna carita meM romAMcaka prasaMgoM kI bhI kamI nahIM hai / vijayArddha parvata para kAla saMvara ke putroM ke gahita SaDyantroM ko viphala karane ke lie pradyumna ke sAhasika tathA camatkArI kArya tathA dvArikA meM praveza karane se pUrva usake hAsyajanaka karataba, kAvya meM romAMcakatA ke janaka haiM / anya paurANika kAvyoM kI taraha pradyumnacarita meM rUpa-parivartana kI lokakathA-rUr3hi kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| pradyumna kirAta kA rUpa banAkara duryodhana kI putrI kA apaharaNa karatA hai aura vaidarbhI ko pAne ke lie cANDAla kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai| use madArI, dvija tathA bAlamuni banane meM bhI saMkoca nahIM hai / anya pAtroM kA rUpa parivartita karane meM bhI vaha paTu hai / rukmiNI ko yoginI kA, zAmba ko kanyA kA aura jAmbavatI ko satyabhAmA kA rUpa denA usake lie asaMbhava nahIM hai| kanyAharaNa, jisakA pradyumnacarita meM prAcurya hai, romAMcaka kAvya kA hI tattva hai / apane pracAravAdI uddezya kI pUrti ke lie ratnacandra ne kAvya meM dharmadezanAoM ko mAdhyama banAyA hai| tIrthaMkara neminAtha, sImaMdhara, nandivardhana, vimalavAhana, mahendra Adi dharmAcArya jaina dharma ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM kI vyAkhyA ke prasaMga meM zrotAoM ko saMsAra kI nazvaratA tathA bhogoM kI bhaMguratA se abhibhUta kara vairAgya kI ora unmukha karate haiM, jisake phalasvarUpa kAvya ke prAyaH samUce pAtra antatogatvA pravrajyA grahaNa karate haiN| santoSa yaha hai ki ye upadeza vistRta nahIM haiM jisase kAvya nIrasatA se mukta hai / isakA mukhya kAraNa yaha hai ki kAvya ke vistRta phalaka para kavi ne jIvana ke vividha prasaMgoM ke manorama citra aMkita kie haiM, jo pUrvokta atiprAkRtika tathA romAMcaka ghaTanAoM ke sAtha, pAThaka ko Adyanta abhibhUta rakhate haiN| kavi-paricaya tathA racanAkAla pradyumnacarita ke satarahaveM sarga kI puSpikA tathA prazasti se ratnacandra kI guruparamparA tathA kRtitva Adi ke viSaya meM bahuta upayogI sAmagrI prApta hotI hai| ratnacandra ke guru vAcaka zAnticandra tapAgaccha ke prakhyAta AcArya AnandavibhalasUri kI ziSyaparamparA meM the| mugala samrATa akabara ne jaba bhaTTAraka hIravijaya ko dharmapRcchA ke liye phatehapurI bulAyA thA, usa samaya zAMticandra, sAdhu-samAja meM, unake sAtha the / unakI sAhityika pratibhA ke smAraka do grantha upalabdha haiN| kRpArasakoza unakI maulika kRti hai| jambUdvIpaprajJapti ko unhoMne prameyaratnamajjUSA nAmaka bRhadvRtti se alaMkRta kiyA hai| unhoMne kRpArasakoza kA vAcana akabara ke samakSa kiyA thA jisase unheM yatheSTa sammAna prApta huA thA / mugala samrATa kI preraNA se hI zAnticandra 5. prazasti, 8-10

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pradyumnacarita : ratnacandragaNi 469 ko upAdhyAya pada pradAna kiyA gayA thaa| ratnacandra ko kAvyaracanA meM pravRtta karane kA zreya inhIM zAnticandra ko hai| pradyumnacarita kI racanA samvat 1674 (san 1617) meM, vijayAdazamI ko sUrata meM sampUrNa huI thii| usI dina kavi kI eka anya kRti adhyAtmakalpadrumavRtti bhI pUrI huI thii| yaha ukta vRtti kI prazasti se spaSTa hai / ratnacandragaNi prasiddha TIkAkAra bhI the| unhoMne apanI TIkAoM se aneka jainAjaina granthoM kA marma prakAzita kiyA hai / adhyAtmakalpadruma ke atirikta bhaktAmara stotra, kalyANamandirastotra, devaprabhostava, dharmastava, RSabhastotra, vIrastava, kRpArasakoza, naiSadhamahAkAvya tathA raghuvaMza para bhI unakI TIkAe~ upalabdha haiN| kathAnaka pradyumna carita sataraha sargoM kA vizAlakAya mahAkAvya hai, jisameM pUre 3566 padya haiM / prathama sarga meM zrIkRSNa kI navanirmita rAjadhAnI dvArikA meM devarSi nArada ke Agamana tathA natyabhAmA dvArA unakI avamAnanA karane kA varNana hai| dvitIya sarga meM nArada apamAna kA badalA lene ke liye satyabhAmA ko sapatnI ke saMkaTa meM DAlane kA nizcaya karate haiN| ve vidarbhadeza kI rAjakumArI rukmiNI ko mahArAja kRSNa kI agramahiSI banane kA varadAna dete haiN| rAjakumAra rukmI bahina kA vivAha cedi ke zAsaka zizupAla se nizcita kara cukA thaa| tRtIya sarga meM kRSNa citragatA rukmiNI kI nayanAbhirAma chavi dekhakara kAmavihvala ho jAte haiN| udhara zizupAla lagnapatrikA bhejakara vivAha nizcita kara detA hai| rukmiNI eka dUta ke dvArA zrIkRSNa se use cedirAja se bacAne kI prArthanA karatI hai| caturtha sarga meM kRSNa, pUrvanizcita yojanA ke anusAra, rukmiNI kA apaharaNa karate haiM tathA dvArikA ke pArzvavartI udyAna meM usase pANigrahaNa karate haiM / navoDhA ke prema meM DUba kara unheM satyabhAmA kI sudha taka nahIM rhtii| paMcama sarga meM RSi atimuktaka ke varadAna se rukmiNI ko viSNutulya putra prApta hotA hai| amita teja ke kAraNa zizu kA nAma pradyumna rakhA gyaa| pradyumna sahasA tirohita ho jAtA hai / kRSNa tathA rukmiNI, putra ke ekAeka gAyaba hone se 6. iti zrIdillIdeze phatepurasthaiH pAtasAhizrIakabbaraH zrIgurudarzanArthasamAhUta bhaTTAraka zrI 5 zrIhIravijayasUrIzvaraiH saha vihArakRtAm, svayaMkRtakRpArasakozagranthazrAvaNaraJjitapAtasAhizrIakabbarANAm .. ..........zrIjambUdvIpaprajJaptisUtrasya prameyaratnamaMjUSAnAmabRhadvattikRtAm pAtasAhizrIakabbaradApitopAdhyAyapadAnAm / puSpikA, sa tadazasarga 7. prazasti, 15 tathA antima paMkti : saMvat 1674 varSe vijayAdazamIdivase surata bandare . . . .. pradyumnacaritaM saMpUrNam / 8. yugamunirasazazivarSe mAsISe vijayadazamikAdivase / zukle'dhyAtmasAradrumavRttizcakre mayA llitaa||

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470 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya zokAkula ho jAte haiM / nArada se unheM jJAta huA ki pradyumna ke prati pUrva-vaira ke kAraNa devAdhama dhUmaketu, rukmiNI ke rUpa meM Akara, use le gayA hai tathA bhUkha-pyAsa se marane ke liye vaitADhaca parvata para asahAya chor3a diyA hai| meghakaTa ke svAmI kAlasaMvara kI patnI kanakamAlA usakA putravat pAlana kara rahI hai / vaha rukmiNI ko saulaha varSa pazcAt milegaa| chaThe sarga meM rukmiNI ke pUrva-bhavoM tathA usa kukarma kA varNana hai jisake phalasvarUpa use putraviyoga kI pIr3A milI hai| sAtaveM sarga meM vidyAdhara kAlasaMvara ke putra chalabala se pradyumna ko mArane ke liye aneka SaDyantra racate haiM, kintu vaha apanI vyAvahArika prajJA tathA anupama zaurya se samasta vipattiyoM ko jItakara atula samRddhi prApta karatA hai / kanakamAlA yuvA pradyumna ke mohaka rUpa para rIjha kara use pathabhraSTa karane kA prayAsa karatI hai para vaha usake praNaya pUrti ke nindya prastAva ko dRDhatApUrvaka ThukarA detA hai| AThaveM sarga meM, pUrvanizcita zarta ke anusAra apanI mAtA ko keza dene ke apamAna se bacAne ke liye, pradyumna duryodhana kI putrI udadhi ko harakara dvArikA meM AtA hai jisase satyabhAmA ke putra bhAnu kA vivAha sambhava na ho sake / naveM sarga meM devatA ke varadAna se jAmbavatI ko pradyumna tulya putra (zAmba) prApta hotA hai| kAlAntara meM pradyumna usake sAtha cANDAla kA bhesa bana kara kuNDinapura jAtA hai aura kautukapUrNa DhaMga se, rukmI kI putrI vaidarbhI ko, patnI ke rUpa meM prApta karatA hai / dasaveM sarga meM magadharAja jarAsaMdha, jAmAtA kaMsa ke vadha se kruddha hokara dvArikA para AkramaNa karatA hai parantu ghanaghora yuddha meM kRSNa, senA-sahita use vidhvasta kara dete haiN| gyArahaveM sarga meM balarAma ke pautra sAgaradatta aura kamala melA kA vivAha, aniruddha dvArA uSA kA haraNa aura isa prasaMga meM kRSNa dvArA bANa kA vadha varNita hai / bArahaveM sarga meM nemicarita kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| terahaveM sarga meM nArada kI duSpreraNA se, dhAtakI-khaNDa kI amarakaMkA nagarI kA zAsaka padmanAbha draupadI ko hara le jAtA hai / yuddha meM pANDavoM ke asaphala hone para kRSNa amarakaMkA ko dhvasta karake draupadI ko punaH prApta karate haiN| caudahaveM sarga meM devakI ke putra gajasukumAla, sAgaradatta, kRSNa kI chaha putriyoM tathA eka putra DhaNDhaNa aura anya yAdavoM ke pravrajyA grahaNa karane kA varNana hai / pandrahaveM sarga meM rAjImatI ke prati ana taka vyavahAra kA pazcAttApa karane ke liye rathanemi tapa karate haiM jisase unheM kevalajJAna kI prApti hotI hai / saulahaveM sarga meM dvArikA-dahana tathA kRSNa-maraNa kI bhAvI vipatti se bhIta hokara pradyamna tathA zAmba pravrajyA grahaNa karate haiN| pUrva apamAna se pIr3ita muni dvaipAyana, kRSNa tathA balarAma ke atirikta samUcI dvArikA ko bhasmasAt kara dete haiN| bhavitavyatA ko aTala mAnakara kRSNa apane agraja ke sAtha, dvArikA chor3akara cala par3ate haiN| vana meM jarAkumAra kA bANa lagane se kRSNa ke prANa-pakherU ur3a jAte haiN| satarahaveM sarga meM prANapriya anuja kI mRtyu se zokAkula balarAma, paralokasiddhi kI

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471 pradyumnacarita : ratnacandragaNi sAdhanabhUta pravrajyA grahaNa karate haiM / jarAkumAra se apane ananya mitra kRSNa ke nidhana kA samAcAra pAkara pANDavoM meM vairAgya kA udaya hotA hai aura ve draupadI ke sAtha dIkSA grahaNa karake kramazaH kaivalya aura mokSa prApta karate haiM / ghAtikarmoM kA kSaya hone se pradyumna bhI parama pada ko prApta hotA hai / kathAvastu kI uparyukta rUparekhA se spaSTa hai ki kAvya meM pradyumnacarita naveM sarga taka sImita hai / prathama cAra sarga bhI mukhya kathA ke sAtha sUkSma tantu se jur3e hue haiM / satarahaveM sarga meM pradyumna kI nirvANa prApti ke prasaMga ko chor3akara antima ATha sargoM kA pradyumna kathA se koI sambandha nahIM hai / isakA naveM sarga meM samAhAra karake vahIM kAvya ko samApta karanA kahIM adhika svAbhAvika hotA / isase kathAnaka vizvakhalita hone se baca sakatA thA / kintu kavi ne kAvya meM nemicarita tathA kRSNacarita kA savistAra nirUpaNa karake kathAnaka kI anviti ko naSTa kara diyA hai / ratnacandra kI dRSTi meM kathAnaka ko anvitipUrNa banAne kI apekSA jaina dharma kI utkRSTatA kA pratipAdana karanA adhika mahattvapUrNa pratIta hotA hai / pradyumnacarita meM isa mahattA kA pradarzana taba taka sambhava nahIM thA, jaba taka nAyaka hI nahIM pratyuta kAvya ke anya samUce pAtra, kisI na kisI prakAra, saMsAra kI duHkhamayatA se abhibhUta hokara pravrajyA grahaNa nahIM kara lete / kavi ke vicAra meM, kAvya kA carama uddezya neminAtha kA nirvANa pratIta hotA hai yadyapi vaha pramukha kathA ke phalAgama ke pratikUla hai / ata: usane kAvya ke anta meM, pradyumna kI zivatva prApti ke varNana se kathAnaka kI pari uddezya kI pUrti ke lie, ti karane kI ceSTA kI hai / parantu yaha prasaMga, kAvya ke alaga se cipakAyA pratIta hotA hai / vartamAna rUpa meM, kAvya meM, kRSNacarita kA prAdhAnya hai / tarka ke liye kRSNacarita kA mUlakathA se sambandha mAna bhI liyA jAye, neminAtha ke vRtta ke sarvAMga nirUpaNa kA kyA aucitya hai ? spaSTataH ratnacandra apane AdhArasrota ke prabhAva se itanA abhibhUta hai ki kAvya ke liye susambaddha kathAnaka lekara bhI usane, usakA nemicarita ke avayava ke rUpa meM, pratipAdana kiyA hai jisase kAvya kA AdhikArika vRtta gauNa bana gayA hai / ata: kAvya ke zIrSaka kI caritArthatA para svataH praznAtmaka cihna laga jAtA hai / vartamAna rUpa meM, kAvya kA 'kRSNacarita' zIrSaka adhika arthavAn hogA / pradyumnacarita kA AdhArasrota paurANika kAvyoM ke anya adhikatara zvetAmbara lekhakoM ke samAna ratnacandra gaNa ne apane kAvya kA kathAnaka AcArya hemacandra ke triSaSTizalAkA puruSacarita se grahaNa kiyA hai| tri.za. pu. carita meM ( navama parva ) pradyumna kA jIvanavRtta nemicarita ke upAMga ke rUpa meM varNita hai / putra hone ke nAte pradyumna kA carita kRSNacarita kA avayava hai, jisakA neminAtha ke udAttacarita ke antargata vistArapUrvaka nirUpaNa kiyA

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 472 gayA hai / ratnacandra ne, apane uddezya se bhaTakakara, pradyumnacarita kA isI rUpa meM pratipAdana kiyA hai, isakA saMketa Upara kiyA jA cukA hai| hemacandra ke Akara-grantha ke prAsaMgika prakaraNa tathA pradyumnacarita meM itanA ghaniSTha sAmya hai ki donoM kA tulanAtmaka vimarza nirarthaka hogA, kintu kucha bhinnatAoM kI carcA Avazyaka hai / pradyumnacarita ke anusAra rukmiNI dUta bhejakara kRSNa se, use zizupAla se bacAne kI prArthanA karatI hai ( 3.48.468 ) / tri. za. pu. carita meM rukmiNI ke citrAMkita rUpa para rIjha kara kRSNa eka dUta ke dvArA rukmI ko unake sAtha apanI bahina kA vivAha karane ko prerita karate haiM / rukmI kRSNa ke prastAva ko asvIkAra kara detA hai aura zizupAla ke sAtha usakA vivAha karane kA nizcaya karatA hai / hemacandra ke vivaraNa meM rukmiNI svayaM nahIM balki usakI buA kRSNa ke pAsa sandeza bhejatI hai / " tri. za. pu. carita meM, pUrva nizcita yojanA anusAra, rukmiNI, apanI buA kI sahamati se kRSNa ke ratha meM svayaM baiTha jAtI hai / unake prasthAna ke bAda usakI buA tathA dAsiyA~ apanA doSa chipAne ke liye kRSNa tathA balarAma para rukmiNI ke apaharaNa kA doSa lagAtI haiM? jabaki pradyumnacarita meM balarAma usa komalAMgI ko ratha meM baiThAte haiM aura svayaM kRSNa rukmiNI haraNa kI ghoSaNA karate haiM ( 4.37 - 45 ) / pradyumnacarita meM kRSNa dvArikA ke nikaTavartI udyAna meM rukmiNI se vidhivat pANigrahaNa karane ke pazcAt nagara meM praveza karate haiM (4.110-111, 121) | hemacandra ke kAvya meM unakA vivAha nagara meM sampanna hotA hai / " pradyumna ke apaharaNa'a, usake pUrvabhavoM aura dhUmaketu ke sAtha usake vaira ke kAraNa kA donoM kAvyoM meM samAna varNana hai / tri.za. pu. carita meM una saulaha vipattijanaka parIkSAoM kA ullekha nahIM hai. jinameM pradyumna ko DAlakara kAlasaMvara ke putra use naSTa karane kA SaDyantra banAte haiM / " ratnacandra ko inakA saMketa uttarapurANa se milA 6. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita (aMgrejI anuvAda), bhAga 5, gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sIrIja, saMkhyA 136, bar3audA, 1962, pR0 181 10. vahI, pR. 182 19. vahI, pR. 182 12. vahI, pR. 184 12 a. uttarapurANa ke anusAra zizu pradyumna kA apaharttA dhamakenu pUrvajanma kA kanakaratha hai / vaha antaHpura ke saba logoM ko mahAnidrA se aceta banAkara pradyumna ko uThA le jAtA hai aura use khadira aTavI meM takSaka zilA ke nIce rakha detA hai / uttarapurANa, 72.51-53 / 13. pradyumnacarita, 5.54-262; tri. za. pu. carita (pUrvokta), pR. 164-167 / 14. tri.za. pu. carita ( pUrvokta), pR. 204-205

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pradyumnacarita : ratnacandragaNi 473 hogA, jahA~ dasa vipattiyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| uttarapurANa meM yaha SaDyantra, pradyumna dvArA kAJcanamAlA (kanakamAlA) ke gahita prastAva ko ThukarAne ke bAda racA jAtA hai / pradyumnacarita meM udadhi ke haraNa kA prasaMga tri. za. pu. carita kI apekSA adhika vistRta hai| uttarapurANa meM pradyumna udadhi kA apaharaNa nahIM karatA balki bhAnukumAra ke mahAbhiSeka meM upasthita logoM kA upahAsa karatA hai| isI prakAra vaha mathurA ke nikaTa kauravoM kI khillI ur3AtA hai|6 rukmiNI aura satyabhAmA kI keza dene kI zarta, pradyumnacarita meM pradyumna ke lauTane kA upAdAna kAraNa hai, uttarapurANa meM use yaha zarta taba jJAta hotI hai jaba eka nAI rukmiNI ke keza lene ke liye vastutaH vahA~ A jAtA hai| pradyumna use gopura meM auMdhA laTakA detA hai| pradyumnacarita meM jAmbavatI ko, devamAlA ke prabhAva se, tejasvI putra zAmba kI prApti hotI hai| uttara purANa meM yaha eka aMgUThI kA camatkAra hai / guNabhadra ne jAmbavatI ke putra kA nAma zAmbhava diyA hai / rasacitraNa pradyumnacarita vividha anubhavoM kA vizvakoza hai| isake virAT phalaka para kavi ne kaTu-madhura, kSudrAkSudra sabhI anubhUtiyoM ke hRdayahArI citra aMkita kie haiM, jo apanI vividhatA tathA abhirAmatA se pAThaka ko mantramugdha rakhate haiN| isa tIvra rasavattA ke kAraNa, paurANika kAvya hotA huA bhI, pradyumnacarita sarasatA se sikta hai| paurANika racanA hone ke nAte isameM zAnta-rasa kI pradhAnatA mAnI jaaegii| isakA paryavasAna zAnta-rasa meM hI huA hai| kAvya ke prAya: samUce pAtra jAgatika bhogoM ke prati nirveda se abhibhUta hokara pravrajyA meM zAzvata sukha khojate haiN| pravrajyA pAralaukika sukha kI amogha sAdhikA hai|8 nemiprabhu ke dharmopadeza se vyAghra Adi hiMsaka pazu bhI nivRttipradhAna jaina dharma aMgIkAra karate haiN| ratnacandra ke sAhityazAstra meM zAntarasa rasasamrATa hai| bahucarcita zRMgAra kiMpAka ke samAna nIrasa tathA udvejanA-janaka hai| rasAdhirAja sevasva zAntaM zAntamanAzciram / kipAkasadRzaM muJca zRMgAraM virasaM puraH // 12.243 para zAnta ko rasarAja kA pada dekara bhI ratnacandra kAvya meM usakI aMgirasocita tIvra vyaMjanA karane meM saphala nahIM hue| dezanA, dIkSAgrahaNa, kevalajJAna15. uttarapurANa, 72.74-126 16. vahI, 72.154-161 17. vahI, 72.173-174 18. pradyumnacarita. 17.58 16. vyAghrAdayo'pi pazavo bhejire dharmamArhatam / vahI, 17.82

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474 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya prApti Adi ke prasaMgoM meM usakI sAmAnya abhivyakti huI hai| kAvya ke vartamAna vAtAvaraNa meM zAyada zAntarasa kI sarvAtizAyI niSpatti karanA sambhava bhI nahIM hai| pradyumnacarita meM zAntarasa kI pramukhatA kI sArthakatA isI meM hai ki isakI pariNati vairAgya meM hotI hai jisake phalasvarUpa pradyumna jaisA uddhata yoddhA tathA pANDavoM jaise durddharSa vIra bhI saMyama ke dvArA nirvANa kA parama pada prApta karate haiM / maraNAsanna kRSNa kI yaha saMkSipta ukti manuSya kI asahAyatA tathA jagat evaM usake vaibhava kI bhaMguratA kA tIvra bodha karAne meM samartha hai|| eko'haM nAsti me kazcinnAhamapi kasyacit / evamadInacittazca cakArArAdhanaM hariH // 16.177 pradyumnacarita meM zAnta kI tulanA meM vIrarasa kI kahIM adhika vyApaka tathA pragAr3ha niSpatti huI hai| anaginata chiTa-puTa saMgharSoM ke atirikta zizupAla, jarAsaMdha tathA padmanAbha ke sAtha kRSNa ke ghanaghora yuddhoM meM vIrarasa kI ullekhanIya gahanatA hai / kAvya ke ina bhAgoM ko par3hate samaya aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha AmUlacUla vIrarasapradhAna kAvya hai / yadi ise aMgI rasa kA bAdhaka mAnA jAye to anucitta na hogaa| vIrarasa ke citraNa kI ratnacandra kI khAsa zailI hai, jise paurANika athavA dhArmika kahA jA sakatA hai / kRSNa aura jarAsandha kA yuddha do durdamanIya zatruoM kA yuddha nahIM, vaha do virodhI pravRttiyoM ke saMgharSa kA pratIka hai| unameM kRSNa kA pakSa satpravRttiyoM kA pratinidhi hai, jarAsandha kA pakSa asat kA pratIka hai| kRSNa pakSa kI isa zreSThatA ke kAraNa usakI vijaya aparihArya hai| zakuni kI zaravarSA, sahadeva ke parAkrama ke kAraNa nahIM balki usake puNya ke prabhAva se viphala ho jAtI hai / 20 prativiSNu jarAsandha kA viSNu kRSNa dvArA vadha bhI pUrva nizcita hai| isIliye kRSNa jarAsandha ke cakra ke prahAra ko aise jhelate haiM jaise vaha astra na ho parantu usI cakra se ve tatkAla jarAsandha kA zirazcheda kara dete haiM / puNyodaya se parAyI vastu apanI ho jAtI hai / 22 isa yuddha kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM 'jIvahiMsA se parAGmukha' neminAtha bhI tatparatA se bhAga lete haiM, isake pIche bhale hI mAtali kA protsAhana tathA preraNA aura vyavahAra ke paripAlana kI bhAvanA ho (10.228) / lAkhoM yoddhAoM ko dharAzAyI karake ve isa prakAra nizcita khar3e ho jAte haiM mAnoM hiMsA unake vyaktitva kA sahaja aMga ho| padmanAbha tathA kRSNa kA yuddha bhI sadasat ke isI dvandva kI vyAkhyA hai| unake 20. moghIbabhUvuH sarve'pi paraM puNyaprabhAvataH / vahI, 10.102 21. eko'pi viSNuH syAd hantA prativiSNoriti sthitiH| vahI, 10.270 22. sati puNyodaye sarvamAtmIyaM syAt parasya hi / vahI, 10.265

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pradhumnacarita : ratnacandragaNi 475 pAMcajanya kI dhvani tathA dhanuSa kI TaMkAra hI padmanAbha kI senA ko vikSata karane ke liye paryApta hai / aura strI ke bhesa meM upasthita use abhayadAna dekara ve, astra ke binA hI, yuddha jIta lete haiM (13.103-104) / pradyumnacarita ke ina yuddhavarNanoM meM virodhI yoddhAoM kI AtmazlAghA tathA paranindA kI pravRtti bhI dikhAI detI hai / arjuna aura karNa ke yuddha meM yaha gAlIgalauca adhika prabala hai| kutrAsi re kirITiMstvaM mA yAhi rnnbhuumitH| Agato'smi tava dveSI karNo'haM kAlapRSThabhRt // 10.112 anyacca zRNu rAdheya re re karNa sudurmte|| jIvannapi hi mAM kiM tvaM na pazyasi puraHsthitam // 10.114 ina ghanaghora yuddho kA varNana karane para bhI kavi kI antarvRtti yuddha meM nahIM ramatI / vaha zIghra hI yuddha kI hiMsA ke prati vidroha kara uThatI hai| yuddhoM kA vistRta nirUpaNa karane vAle kavi kI yaha ukti hAsyajanaka ho sakatI hai, kintu yaha usakI mUla ahiMsAvAdI pratibaddhatA ke sarvathA anurUpa hai| vicAryeti prabhuH proce kRtaM yuddhasya vArtayA / puSpeNApi na sAkSi syAnnItizAstraM yato'sya hi // 12.23 ratnacandra ne zRMgAra ke jisa kiMpAka ko chor3ane kA AhvAna kiyA hai (12.243), ve svayaM usakI mohinI se nahIM baca sake / kAvya meM yadyapi zRMgAra ke pallavana ke kaI avasara haiM kintu usakI tIvra vyaMjanA karanA sambhavataH kavi ko rucikara pratIta nahIM huaa| kRSNa tathA yadunAriyoM kI jalakrIr3A ke varNana meM zRMgAra kI apekSAkRta saphala abhivyakti huI hai / kRSNa kisI nArI para jala uchAla rahe the / jala ke vega se usakI A~kheM banda thiiN| tabhI usakA adhovastra gira gayA kintu use isakA AbhAsa bhI nahIM huaa| kApi kRSNajalAcchoTAt patanmadhyAmbarA stii| digambaraM sma jAnAti nAtmAnaM netramIlanAt / 12.75 rukmiNI ke pUrvarAga kI vedanA adhika hRdayasparzI hai| virahavyathA ke kAraNa usakI nIMda rUTha gayI hai, bhojana meM use ruci nahIM rahI, cA~danI aMgIThI bana gayI hai aura zArIrika tApa se candana tatkAla sUkha jAtA hai| annaM na rocate tasyA na virahAnalapIDanAt / nidrApi tasyA ruSTeva sakhI kutrApyagAt prabho // 3.78 candrajyotsnAM tu zItAM sA hasatImiva manyate / zrIkhaNDasya rasastasyA laganneva ca zuSyati // 3.76 adbhuta", hAsya tathA karuNa rasa bhI, AnuSaMgika rupa meM, pradyumnacarita kI 23. vahI, 12.6-11

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476 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya rasavattA kI tIvratA meM vRddhi karate haiM / kRSNa ke bhAvI jAmAtA tantuvAya vIra kI vIratA kA yaha AtmavarNana hAsyarasa se paripUrNa hai| usane giragiTa ko patthara se mAra kara, rathacakra dvArA nirmita gaDDhe meM pAMva se pAnI roka kara aura ghar3e ke andara baiThI makkhiyoM ko hAtha se pakar3a kara vIratA kA kIrtimAna sthApita kiyA hai| badarIsthI grAvakhaNDaH kRkalAso mayA hataH / 14.154 toyaM mayA vahadruddhaM mArge syandananirmite / tatkSaNAd vAmapAdena balItyasmi janArdana // 14.155 vastrapAlakalazyantaH zatazo makSikA mayA / 14.156 praviSTA hastadAnena sarvA api dhRtAH kSaNAt // 14.157 ratnacandra kI karuNA meM anya jaina kaviyoM ke karuNarasa se koI navInatA nahIM hai / cItkAra aura krandana ko hI karuNA kI mArmikatA kA paryAya mAna liyA gayA hai / jarAsandha se yuddha karate samaya balarAma ke mUchita hone para yAdavoM ke vilApa meM tathA kRSNa kI acAnaka mRtyu para balarAma kI kiMkartavyavimUr3hatA meM karuNA kI TIsa tathA kAtaratA hai| parantu usakI yatheSTa vyaMjanA maraNAsanna kRSNa aura jarAsuta ke AlApa meM huI hai| bhrAtRhatyA ke jisa jaghanya pApa se bacane ke liye jarAsuta ne vanavAsa liyA thA, Aja vaha anajAne usa pApa kA bhAgI bana gayA hai| AtmaghAta se usakA pratIkAra sambhava thA para usakA sukha bhI jarAsuta ke bhAgya meM nahIM hai| kathaM tadaiva na mRto hA kimetadupasthitam / vasudhe vivaraM dehi mAM gRhANAtipAtinam // 16.158 hA vedhaH kimakArSIstvaM maddhastAt kArayan vadham / narottamasya me bhrAtuH kiM virAddhaM mayA tava // 16.160 kamahaM narakaM gantA pApaM kRtvedRzaM mahat / maraNaM zreya evAstu jIvitenAdhunA kRtam // 16.161 prakRticitraNa pradyumnacarita ke virATa kalevara meM prakRticitraNa ko jo sthAna milA hai, vaha nagaNya hai| vastutaH prAkRtika saundarya ko citrita karane meM kavi ne ruci nahIM lI hai| usakA prakRti-varNana kucha padyoM taka hI sImita hai, jinameM vasanta kA to nAmollekha karake santoSa kara liyA gayA hai| bArahaveM sarga meM grISma kA svAbhAvika citraNa apekSAkRta adhika rocaka hai / grISma Rtu meM loga sUkSma vastroM, paMkhoM aura puSpa-mAlAoM se usakI pracaNDatA ko parAsta karane kA prayatna karate haiN| isakA sahaja varNana nimnokta padyoM meM kiyA gayA hai| niHzvAsalaharIkampre vAsasI shvetnirmle| yuvAnaH paryadhustatra paraM vIDaikahetave // 12.66

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pradyumnacarita : ratnacandragaNi 477 tAlavRntaM karAt sarve na muMcanti sma nityazaH / suptA ati narA nAryo vyatyayena dadhuH kare // 12.67 sauvarNaratnAlaMkArAn vimucya strIjano'khilaH / dhatte sma kausumAMstAMzca pativaidagdhyakalpitAn // 12.68 saundarya-citraNa prAkRtika saundarya kI apekSA mAnava-saundarya kavi ke liye adhika AkarSaka hai / mAnava-saundarya ke prati kavi kA yaha anurAga usakI kalAtmaka abhiruci kA utanA dyotaka nahIM jitanA usakI paramparA se pratibaddhatA kA sUcaka hai| pradyumnacarita meM puruSa tathA nArI donoM ke saundarya-citraNa se sarasatA kI sRSTi kI gayI hai, yadyapi usameM tAz2agI kA abhAva hai / nArI-saundarya ke citraNa meM kavi kI vRtti adhika ramI hai| adhikatara pAtroM ke saundarya kA citraNa paramparAgata nakhazikha-vidhi se kiyA gayA hai| satyabhAmA, rukmiNI, tapasvinI rati tathA zAmbakumArI ke saundarya ko kavi ne isI vidhi se aMkita kiyA hai| satyabhAmA tathA rukmiNI ke aMgoM-pratyaMgoM ke citraNa meM bahudhA pUrva-paricita upamAnoM kI yojanA kI gayI hai| rukmiNI ke lAvaNya kI abhivyakti ke liye katipaya navIna aprastutoM ko mAdhyama banAyA gayA hai jisase isa varNana meM sajIvatA tathA rocakatA kA spandana hai| jihvA raktotpaladalaM nAsA dIpazikheva kim / zayanAspadamevoccaM gallo kAmasya hastinaH // 3.18 stanau madanabANasya kandukAviva rejtuH| romarAjI virAjitasmarabAlasya kiM zikhA // 3.20 manmathasya rathasyaitannitambaraca kramekakam / smarasAMgaNastheyaM jaghanaM kimu vedikA // 3.22 prathama sarga meM sadyaHsnAtA satyabhAmA kI zRMgAra-sajjA ke varNana meM vividha AbhUSaNoM tathA prasAdhanoM se usakA saundarya prasphuTita kiyA gayA hai (1.64-66) / zAmbakumArI tathA rati ke citraNa meM uparyukta donoM zailiyoM kA mizraNa hai| puruSa-saundarya kA aMkana rukmI ke saundarya-varNana ke prasaMga meM huA hai| isameM usake aMgalAvaNya tathA sajjA kA mizrita citraNa kiyA gayA hai| tAvadeko divyarUpazcalatkAJcanakuNDalaH / 2.27 utphullagallanayano'STamIcandrasamAlikaH / pakvabimbAdharo dhIraH puSpadantaH pramodabhAk // 2.28 hArArddhahAravistAraM dadhAnaH knntthkndle| mukhe surabhi tAmbUlaM carvan sthagIbhRdarpitam // 2.26

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya svarNatantusamavyUtaziroveSTanadhArakaH / cInadezasamudbhUtavAsoratnAMgikAdharaH // 2.30 caritracitraNa pradyumnacarita caritroM kI vizAla citravIthI hai, jisameM kavi kI tUlikA ne aneka manorama citra aMkita kiye haiM / kintu usakI kalA kI vibhUti kRSNa ke carita ko milI hai, jo nAyaka na hote hue bhI kAvya ke sabase adhika prabhAvazAlI pAtra haiM / pradyumnacarita meM aneka strI-puruSa pAtra haiN| yadyapi unheM paurANika pariveza meM citrita kiyA gayA hai, aura una para alaukikatA kA ghanA AvaraNa hai tathApi unake vyaktitva meM kucha aisI rekhAeM haiM, jo pAThaka ko barabama apanI ora AkRSTa karatI haiN| pradyumna pradyumna kAvya kA nAyaka hai| yadyapi usakA vyaktitva apane pitA kRSNa ke sarvAtizAyI vyaktitva ke bhAra se daba gayA hai kintu usake caritra kA apanA AkarSaNa hai| vaha abhijAta tathA saccaritra hai aura use rukmiNI jaisI zuddhazIlA mAtA kA putra hone kA gaurava prApta hai (7.401) / janma lete hI use mAtA-pitA ke vAtsalya se vaMcita honA par3atA hai| pUrva-vaira ke kAraNa devAdhama dhUmaketu use curA kara vaitADhya parvata para asahAya chor3a detA hai| vidyAdhara kAlasaMvara kI patnI usakA pAlana-poSaNa karatI hai / saulaha varSa taka mAtA se viyukta raha kara bhI usakI mAtRvatsalatA akSata hai / nArada se apanI mAtA kA saMkaTa jAnakara vaha tatkAla dvArikA ko prasthAna karatA hai aura mAtA ko keza kaTavAne ke apamAna se bacAne ke liye vaha, vivAha ke madhya hI, udadhi ko hara lAtA hai tAki bhAnu kA vivAha pramANita na ho sake / pradyumna saundarya-sampanna tathA catura yuvaka hai| usake mohaka saundarya tathA asahya teja ke kAraNa usakA pradyumna jaisA sArthaka nAma rakhA gayA / yauvana meM usake lAvaNya meM itanA nikhAra A jAtA hai ki usakI poSikA kanakamAlA usake samAgama ke liye tar3apa uThatI hai aura use praNayapUrti kA nirlajja nimantraNa detI hai, jise vaha ghRNApUrvaka asvIkAra kara detA hai / usake liye kanakamAlA mAtA ke samAna pUjya tathA pavitra hai (mAtA bhavasi pAlanAt-7.407) / isa nikRSTa prakaraNa meM aDiga rahakara vaha caturatA se, kanakamAlA se, do vidyAe~ hathiyA letA hai aura use vidyAdAtrI AcAryA kA pada dekara usake vyavahAra kI hInatA kA bodha karAne meM samartha hotA hai| usake vyaktitva meM zaurya tathA vyAvahArika buddhi kA adbhuta samanvaya hai / vidyAdha ra kAlasaMvara jaba use abhiSikta karane kA nizcaya karatA hai, to usake putra usa kaNTaka ko (pradyumna ko) rAste se haTAne ke liye use naSTa karane kA SaDyantra racate haiM / ve use eka ke bAda eka aise gahana saMkaToM meM DAlate haiM, jinameM sAdhAraNa vyakti kA vinAza avazyambhAvI thA parantu vaha apanI vIratA tathA sUjhabUjha se unakI

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476 pradyumnacarita : ratnacandragaNi saba cAleM viphala kara detA hai / vastutaH use zaurya-pradarzana karanA priya hai / kanakamAlA - ke prati tathAkathita durAcaraNa se kSubdha kAlasaMvara jaba use lalakAratA hai, to pradyumna - ke raNakauzala se usake chakke chUTa jAte haiM / parantu samasta vAtAvaraNa apane pratikUla dekhakara vaha usa sthAna ko turanta chor3a detA hai / yaha usakI dUradarzitA kA dyotaka hai| pradyumna kI zakti kA koI ora-chora nahIM hai / vaha apAra tathA alaukika hai / usake parAkrama meM prajJapti-vidyA kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai / usakI zakti tathA prajJapti ke kAraNa vaitADhya parvata para pUrvokta saMkaTa anupama lAbhoM meM parivartita ho jAte haiM aura use atula samRddhi prApta hotI hai / dvArikA meM praveza karane se pUrva vaha vidyAbala hI se senA nirmita karatA hai aura kRSNa ko nizzastra kara detA hai ( nirastra cakRvAn kRSNaM sadyo vidyAbalAt sutaH, 8.316 ) / vastutaH, usake samakSa koI yoddhA nahIM Tika sakatA / usI ke zabdoM meM vaha jagadvijetA hai - suto'haM ca jagajjetA ( 9.91 ) / prajJapti - vidyA se use svecchAnusAra rUpa badalane kI kSamatA prApta hai / vaha - kirAta, cANDAla, madArI, dvija Adi kA rUpa AsAnI se dhAraNa kara sakatA hai / pradyumna ke kAryakalApa meM kanyAharaNa kA pramukha sthAna hai / kirAta ke veza meM vaha duryodhana kI putrI ko vivAha sthala se uThA lAtA hai / apane mAmA kI putrI ko bhogane tathA chala se hathiyAne meM bhI use koI saMkoca nahIM hai / kintu vaha duzcaritra nahIM hai / vidyAdharI ke unmukta nimantraNa ko ThukarA denA tathA udadhi ko harakara bhI use satyabhAmA ke putra bhAnu ko sauMpa denA usake saccAritrya ke prabala pramANa haiM / pitrA ca dIyamAnAM tAM necchati sma zriyAH sutaH / bhrAtRjAyA to hyeSA tato me naucitI bhavet // 6.8 vyavahArakuzala hone ke nAte pradyumna ko kArya kI siddhi ke liye chala-kautuka kA prayoga karane meM saMkoca nahIM hai / vaha satyabhAmA ke sthAna para jAmbavatI ko kRSNa ke pAsa bheja detA hai, jisase jAmbavatI ko tejasvI tathA satyabhAmA ko kAyara putra prApta hotA hai / chala se hI vaha satyabhAmA ke keza kaTavA detA hai / dvArikA praveza se pUrva usake karataba kautukapUrNa haiM | pradyumna ke caritra meM vIratA, vyAvahArikatA, saccaritratA tathA chala kA vicitra gaThabandhana hai / neminAtha kI dvArikA - dahana kI bhaviSyavANI se bhava- vaibhava kI bhaMguratA kA bhAna hone para vaha sarvasva chor3akara pravrajyA grahaNa karatA hai aura antataH parama pada ko prApta hotA hai / kRSNa kRSNa kAvyanAyaka pradyumna ke pitA haiM / unakA vyaktitva aneka amUlya guNoM kA vizAla puMja hai / unakA rUpa, vaibhava, aizvarya, bhujabala, dhairya, dAnavIratA, udAratA tathA pUjyabuddhi advitIya hai / " unakA saundarya itanA mohaka hai ki rukmiNI, nArada se 24. vahI, 1.84-89

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480 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya usakI prazaMsA sunane mAtra se kAmavihvala ho jAtI hai (3. 78-80) / kRSNa usake hRdaya meM aise basa gaye haiM jaise damayantI kA hRdaya nala ke prati anurakta ho gayA thA (3.35) / yaha unake rUpa kI mohinI thI ki rukmiNI dUta dvArA unheM svayaM AhUta karatI hai| rAja-varga kI taraha unakI aneka patniyA~ haiN| kAvya meM unakI saulaha haz2Ara rAniyoM kA ullekha hai / yaha saMkhyA yadyapi paramparAgata (kAlpanika bhI) hai kintu unakA bahupatnItva nirvivAda hai| kAvya meM unameM se koI kaikeyI ke rUpa meM to prakaTa nahIM hotI, kintu rukmiNI ke Ane ke pazcAt satyabhAmA kA AcaraNa sautiyA DAha se anuprANita hai / svayaM kRSNa saba patniyoM ke sAtha samAna vyavahAra karate hoM, aisI bAta bhI nahIM hai / rukmiNI ke prati unakI anurakti tathA satyabhAmA ke prati upekSA spaSTa hai| __ unake vyaktitva kI mukhya vizeSatA unakI alaukika zakti tathA vIratA hai| rukmiNI-haraNa ke samaya ve, zizupAla tathA vidarbharAja kI saMyukta senA ko, kevala balarAma kI sahAyatA se, chinna-bhinna kara dete haiN| jarAsandha jaisA parAkramI tathA krUra yoddhA bhI unheM parAjita nahIM kara skaa| unake zaurya, raNakauzala tathA viSNutva ke prabhAva se magadhasenA dekhate-dekhate dhvasta ho gayI / lavaNasAgara ko lAMgha kara draupadI ko punaH prApta karanA unake liye hI sambhava thA / pANDava padmanAbha kA parAkrama cakha cuke the / 'vIrabhogyA vasundharA' kI satyatA meM unheM pUrNa vizvAsa hai / unakI vIratA kA paricaya kanyAharaNa se bhI milatA hai| unakI ninti mAnyatA hai ki vIra ke liye kanyAharaNa gaurava kA pratIka hai / bANa ko sambodhita unake ye zabda unake caritra ke isa pakSa ko ujAgara karate haiM / harirjagAda ki vakSi mithyetad vasudhA tathA / kanyA cobhe syAtAM balinaH khalu hastage // 11.66 parakIyA bhavetkanyA tadhRtau doSa eva kaH / vayaM ca balino bhUtvA harAmaH kanyakA iti // 11.70 samAja vizeSa meM, janasAdhAraNa ke liye kanyAharaNa bhale hI bala kA dyotaka mAna liyA jAe kintu zrIkRSNa jaise naitika mUlyoM ke samarthaka ke liye yaha kukRtya kadApi zobhanIya nahIM hai| - yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai ki una jaisA vIra bhI bhAvI kI aTalatA ke samakSa natamastaka hai / neminAtha se dvArikA ke vinAza tathA apane nidhana kI bhaviSyavANI suna kara ve, sAmAnya vyakti kI bhA~ti, saba kucha bhavitavyatA para chor3a dete haiM / yadukula ke agraNI hote hue bhI ve yAdavoM ko madyapAna ke vyasana se virata nahIM kara sake jisase dvArikA jala kara khAka ho gyii| bhavitavyatA ke prati aDiga AsthA ke kAraNa ve, 25. bhavitavyaM bhavatyeva nA'nyathA tadbhavet kvacit / vahI, 16.154

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pradyumnacarita : ratnacandragaNi 481 mAnoM mRtyu ko AhUta karane ke liye, dvArikA chor3a kara cale jAte haiM / vana meM unakA AcaraNa aura bhI Azcaryajanaka hai| ve itane parAzrita ho jAte haiM jaise svayaM asamartha, asahAya tathA azakta hoN|26 karmayoga meM AsthA ke kAraNa pravrajyA grahaNa na karane ke phalasvarUpa unakA naraka meM patana hotA hai / kRSNa mahAn haiM kintu unakA anta atIva kAruNika hai| baladeva baladeva kRSNa ke agraja haiN| hala aura musala unake khyAta zastra haiM / unake madirAprema kI dhvani bhI yatra-tatra sunAI par3atI hai| kAvya meM unake caritra kI do mukhya vizeSatAe~ aMkita huI haiM-vIratA tathA bhrAtRprema / ve kRSNa ke agraja hI nahIM, sacce patha-pradarzaka tathA hitaiSI haiN| ve sukha-duHkha meM, chAyA kI bhA~ti, sadaiva unakA sAtha dete haiM / unakA sAhacarya avicchinna hai / vastutaH ve kRSNa kI zakti ke srota haiM / unake zaurya aura sahAyatA se hI kRSNa, zizupAla tathA jarAsandha jaise durgharSa zatruoM ko dharAzAyI karane meM saphala hote haiM (tava sAhAyyatastIrNo jarAsandharaNo'rNavaH unake vyaktitva kA sabase madhura pakSa unakA bhrAtR-prema hai / apane anuja ke prati unake hRdaya meM athAha sneha hai| antima samaya meM ve bhI dvArikA chor3akara kRSNa ke sAtha cala par3ate haiN| vana meM ve apane priya bhAI kI hara suvidhA kA dhyAna rakhate haiM aura apane prANoM ko saMkaTa meM DAlakara unake liye anna, jala Adi juTAte haiN| jarAsuta kA bANa lagane se jaba kRSNa ke prANa-pakherU ur3a jAte haiM, ve, abodha bAlaka kI taraha, unake zava ko kandhe para uThAkara chaha mAsa taka ghUmate rahate haiM / ve to yaha mAnane ko bhI taiyAra nahIM ki unakA anuja mara cukA hai (17.32) / svayaM kRSNa ko unake prema para pUrA vizvAsa hai| marane se pUrva jarAsuta ko kahe gaye ye zabda unake prati badadeva ke agAdha sneha ke dyotaka haiN| . balo jJAtA yadi vadhaM tava hastAnmadIyakam / hanyAdeva tadA tvAM ca sa mayi premavAn yataH // 16.168 ve naraka meM bhI kRSNa kI yAtanAoM kA prativAda karane kA prayatna karate haiN| usameM asaphala hone para svayaM naraka meM rahane kA prastAva karate haiM (17.192) nArada devarSi nArada kAvya ke alaukika pAtra haiN| ve loka-lokAntaroM meM vicaraNa karate haiM aura vibhinna bhuvanoM tathA logoM ke bIca rAjasI dUta athavA samparka adhikArI kA kAma karate haiM / ve kalaha, krodha tathA IrSyA ke sAkSAt avatAra haiM / sAMpa kI taraha unakA krodha ekadama phuphakAra uThatA hai (sAkSAdahiriva kruddho nAradaH kalikautukI 26. bhrAtaH kSudhAturo'bhUvaM-16.121. bandho'haM taSito'bhavaM-16.134

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482 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya - 13.6) / unheM apamAna kadApi sahya nahIM hai aura apamAna kA unakA nijI mAnadaNDa hai / apamAna kA pratIkAra karane ke liye ve vyakti ko ghora se ghora vipatti meM DAla sakate haiN| parantu sammAna karane vAle vyakti para ve kRpA kI vRSTi kara dete haiM / rukmiNI ko zrIkRSNa ke prati anurakta karanA, pradyumna kA patA lagAnA tathA use dvArikA lAnA unake liye hI sambhava thaa| neminAtha neminAtha yadukulabhUSaNa samudravijaya ke putra haiN| kAvya meM unakA purANa-prasiddha carita varNita hai| unakI avatAraNA prajA ko pratibodha dene ke uddezya se huI hai / vaise bhI paramparA se pradyumnacarita unake carita kA avayava hai / ve sAMsArika viSayoM se itane virakta haiM ki kRSNa kI patniyoM tathA anya yadunAriyoM ke upAlambha-pralobhana bhI unheM vicalita nahIM kara sake / aura jaba mAtA-pitA kI icchApUrti ke liye ve vivAha karanA svIkAra bhI karate haiM, to bhAvI pazuhiMsA se bhIta hokara pravrajyA grahaNa kara lete haiM / ve naitikatA ke saMrakSaka tathA kAvya ke sUtradhAra haiN| prAyaH sabhI pAtra unase bodha 'pAkara saMyama kA sukha prApta karate haiN| svayaM neminAtha kaivalya aura nirvANa kA parama pada prApta karate haiN| rukmiNI tathA satyabhAmA nArI pAtroM meM kevala rukmiNI tathA satyabhAmA ke caritra kI kucha rekhAe~ ubhara sakI haiN| ve donoM rUpavatI yuvatiyA~ haiN| rukmiNI kA to citra dekhane mAtra se kRSNa kAmAtura ho jAte haiN| nArada ko vizvAsa hai ki vidhAtA ne use kRSNa ke liye hI banAyA hai (3.36) / vaha bhI unake guNoM para mugdha hai aura dUta ke dvArA unase, use zizupAla ke caMgula se ubArane kA nivedana karatI hai / vaha kAvyanAyaka kI jananI hai / pradyumna ke apaharaNa se usakA mAtRtva cIMkha uThatA hai| kRSNa usake prema meM lIna hokara satyabhAmA Adi anya patniyoM ko bhUla jAte haiN| isIliye satyabhAmA ke carita meM sautiyA DAha kA gaharA puTa hai| yaha bAta bhinna hai ki pradyumna usakI saba cAleM viphala kara detA hai / usakI pradyumna ke samAna tejasvI putra pAne kI abhilASA bhI adhUrI raha jAtI hai| gauNa pAtroM meM vidarbha ke rAjakumAra rukmI meM saundarya tathA zaurya kA rAjocita samanvaya hai / ikSvAkuvaMzI bAlakoM kA parAkrama janmasiddha hai| usake vicAra meM kavacadhArI putra ke hote hue pitA kA zastra uThAnA putra ke lie lajjAjanaka hai (2.104-106) / rAjImatI ko neminAtha kI sahamiNI banane kA saubhAgya milane lagA thA para unake vicAra-parivartana ne usakI AzA para pAnI phera diyaa| vaha neminAtha ko hRdaya se svIkAra kara cukI thI, ata: usake lie ve hI vara aura guru haiN| rathanemi ke kAmAkula pralobhana aura sakhiyoM ke parAmarza bhI use vicalita nahIM

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pradyumnacarita : ratnacandragaNi 483 kara sake / vidyAdharI kanakamAlA ke rUpa ke pIche ghRNita kurUpatA chipI hai / bhASA pradyumnacaritta kI racanA vidvadvarga ke bauddhika raMjana ke lie nahIM apitu janasAdhAraNa ko kathAtmaka paddhati se dharmabodha dene ke lie hai / isameM bhASA kA mahattva mAdhyama se adhika nahIM hai| phalataH pradyumnacarita meM bhASA ko pariSkRta athavA prauDha banAne yA sAhityika kalAbAz2iyAM dikhAne kI saprayatnatA nahIM hai / kavi ke uddezya ke anurUpa vaha sarala tathA sugama hai| kAvya meM Adyanta ekarUpa bhASA prayukta kI gayI hai / anuSTup bhASAyI saralatA kA vAhaka hai / pradyumna caritra ke vistRta kalevara meM sthitiyoM ke vaividhya kI kamI nahIM, parantu usakI bhASA meM tadanurUpa rUpa parivartita karane kI kSamatA nahIM hai / yuddha tathA hAsya, dvArikAdAha tathA rukmiNIharaNa, dharmopadeza tathA SaDyantra Adi kA varNana eka jaisI bhASA meM kiyA gayA hai / / ina tathA anya prasaMgoM kI bhASA meM mAtrA kA antara bhale ho, svarUpagata bhinnatA nahIM apanI kRti ko sarala banAne ke lie ratnacandra ne vAgvyahAra tathA bhASA kI zuddhatA ko bhI mahattva nahIM diyA hai| usakA vAkyavinyAsa kahIM-kahIM mAnaka nahIM hai / usa para janapadIya bhASA kA spaSTa prabhAva hai| adyApyupAyo dvau zeSau tiSThato'sya nipAtane (7.261)-ise mArane ke abhI do upAya zeSa rahate haiM; mAnasaM pRccha svakam (8.242)-apane mana ko pUcha; calatpanthAnamujjhitvA (12.61)-calate rAste ko chor3akara; zravasordattvAMgulI dve sA'vadat (vaha kAnoM meM do aMguliyA~ DAlakara bolI); tAM samarpaya mArgeNa RjunA (13.74) use sIdhe rAste se sauMpa de Adi saMskRta kI prakRti ke anukUla nahIM haiN| yAntImiva gandhareNum (5.167), kimArUDho'si....""sahakAratarau (7.165), prauDhaRddhi (7.400) premapAtrikA (8.161) atisundarAm (6.168), prAjJA apAstabhayavepathuH (10.265) tAmupAyata (11.58), yuktaM tadgamanaM karta (16.113), siMhA lakSaza eva hi / vikRtAstaM giri (17.79) Adi prayoga vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se cintya haiN| subodhatA ke lie hI pradyumnacarita meM dezI zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| unameM se kucha bahuta vicitra haiM- choTayAmAsa (4.156), hakkayan (7.268); hArayAmAsa (8.83), laDDukAH (8.186) / pradyumnacaritakAra ne apane bhAvoM ke samarthana meM saMskRta tathA prAkRta meM pararacita padya uddhata karane meM bhI saMkoca nahIM kiyA hai| kAvya meM aise teraha padya samAviSTa haiM / 'sahasA vidadhIta na kriyAm' tathA 'kumudavanamapani zrImadambhojakhaNDam', bhAravi tathA mAgha ke ye prasiddha pada sAtaveM (430) tathA dasaveM sarga (258) meM yathAvat vidyamAna haiN| bhASA ko subodha banAne ke isa prayatna ke viparIta pradya mnacarita meM kucha atIva apracalita saMskRta zabda prayukta kie gae haiM /

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya udAharaNArtha - hemakandala ( mUMgA), hAradUrA ( drAkSA ), bhAmavatI ( krodhayuktA ), divAkItti (nAI), hInAMgI ( cIMTI ), satram (vana) / 1 pradyumnacaritra kI zailI purANoM kI saMvAdazailI hai / samUcA kAvya magadharAja zreNika kI jijJAsA kI pUrti ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dharmadezanA meM udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / vibhinna pAtra Apasa meM praznottara karate haiM aura pratyeka viSaya kA savistAra nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai / rukmiNI tathA kRSNa ke praznoM ke uttara ke rUpa meM nArada kramaza: kRSNa tathA rukmiNI ke deza, kula, rUpa Adi kA jamakara varNana karate haiM / yadi ditsasi tadehi" "tathokte sA vilakSoce (8.231), sa proce * soce (8.232), tadA papraccha tAn putrI ... Ucuste kiM na jAnAsi ( 10.78 ) saMvAdazailI ke sUcaka aise vAkyoM kI kAvya meM bharamAra hai / ****** alaMkAra 484 bhASA kI taraha alaMkAra bhI kavi ke sAdhya nahIM haiM / pradyumnacarita meM ve atIva sahajatA se prayukta hue haiM / ratnacandra ke lie upamA bhAvAbhivyakti kA sabase sazakta mAdhyama hai / upamA ke prayoga meM usakI kuzalatA kA kAvya se acchA paricaya 'milatA hai / rukmI kI sahAyatA se cedirAja aise prabala ho gayA jaise vAyu ke sahayoga se agni pracaNDa ho jAtI hai (5.59 ) / kRSNa ke teja ko na saha sakane ke kAraNa padmanAbha apanI purI ko isa prakAra lauTa gayA jaise sambhoga pIr3A ko sahane meM asamartha navavadhU pitRgRha calI jAtI hai / kRSNAgre sthAtumasahaH san padmaH [svAM purIM yayau / punaH patyurnavoDheva gRhaM pitryaM ratAsahA // 13.63 nimnAMkita paMktiyoM meM meru- valmIka, sUrya-khadyota, indra-indragopa ina virodhI vastuoM kA samavAya haiM, ataH yahA~ viSama alaMkAra hai / kva meruH kva ca valmIkaH kva sUryo jyotiriMgaNaH / kva cendrazcendragopazca dRSTAnto'styayamAvayoH // 6.264 rAjImatI rathanemi ko vratabhaMga kI garhatA kA AbhAsa, nimnalikhita zloka meM, dRSTAnta ke dvArA karAtI hai / jvaladagnau pravezo'pi varaM na tu vratakSatiH / yuddhe varaM hi yoddhRNAM maraNaM na palAyanam / / 15.17 ratnacandra ne aprastutaprazaMsA kA bhI kAphI prayoga kiyA hai / rukmiNI ke sandeza ke uttara meM kRSNa kA yaha AzvAsana aprastutaprazaMsA ke rUpa meM AyA hai / yahA~ aprastuta haMsI, haMsa tathA kAkI se kramazaH rukmiNI, kRSNa tathA satyabhAmA vyaMgya hai /

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pradyumnacarita : ratnacandragaNi 485 haMsi ! mAghRti kuryAstavAhaM haMsa AgataH / na kAkIsaMgato hRSyed haMsaH kamalapatra bhuk // 3.65 inake atirikta pradyumnacaritra meM yamaka, parisaMkhyA, rUpaka, yathAsaMkhya mAlopamA, arthAntaranyAsa, sahokti tathA sandeha kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai / chanda adhikatara paurANika mahAkAvyoM kI bhA~ti pradyumnacarita meM Adyanta anuSTup chanda prayukta kiyA gayA hai / pratyeka sarga ke anta meM kavi kA paricayAtmaka chanda vasantatilakA meM nibaddha hai / prathama tathA SaSTha sarga meM eka-eka padya zArdUlavikrIDita meM hai / satarahaveM sarga meM eka padya drutavilambita meM racita hai / saba milAkara pradyumnacaritra meM cAra chanda prayukta haiM / pradyumnacarita kI racanA pAThaka ko nivRttiparaka jaina dharma kI ora pravRtta karane ke uddezya se huI hai / ratnacandra apane lakSya kI pUrti karate hue kAvya-dharmoM kA nirvAha karane meM saphala hue haiN| unakA kavitva prazaMsanIya hai / unake kAvya kI vividhatA pAThaka ko nirantara Age bar3hane ko utsAhita karatI hai parantu unakA * uddezya aura dRSTikoNa donoM sImita haiM /

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25. upasaMhAra pUrvavartI pRSThoM meM pandrahavIM, solahavIM tathA satarahavIM zatAbdI ke 22 jaina saMskRta-mahAkAvyoM kA sarvAMgINa paryAlocana kiyA gayA hai / Alocya yuga ke mahAkAvya saMskRta-mahAkAvya-paramparA kI antima kar3I hai / prabandha ke prAsaMgika bhAgoM se spaSTa hai, vivecya zatAbdiyoM meM jaina-mahAkAvya-racanA kI prakriyA vegavatI rahI hai| pandrahavIM zatAbdI meM hI itane mahAkAvya likhe gaye ki guNa aura saMkhyA meM ve anya do Alocya zatiyoM ke mahAkAvyoM ke samakakSa haiN| satarahavIM zatAbdI ke bAda jainasAhitya meM saMskRta-mahAkAvya kI paramparA vicchinna ho jAtI hai| vive vya yuga meM sabhI prakAra ke mahAkAvyoM kA praNayana huA hai / anya zailiyoM ke mahAkAvyoM ke atirikta sAhitya ko zAstrakAvya pradAna karane kA gaurava bhI prastuta kAla ko prApta hai / devAnanda tathA saptasandhAna zuddhataH zAstrakAvya haiN| zrIdharacarita chandoM ke prAyogika udAharaNa prastuta karane ke kAraNa zAstrakAvya ke bahuta nikaTa pahu~ca jAtA hai / Alocya yuga ke jaina kaviyoM kA katipaya tIrthaMkaroM, purANapuruSoM tathA pUrvagAmI jainAcAryoM ke prati vizeSa pakSapAta rahA hai| jinezvaroM meM neminAtha tathA pArzvanAtha kA carita prastuta yuga ke kucha mahAkAvyoM kA AdhAra banA hai| pArzvaprabhu ke itivRtta para do mahAkAvya likhe gaye haiN| yazodhara, jambUsvAmI tathA pradyumna ina purANa-puruSoM ke caritoM meM anusyUta karmavAda kI aparihAryatA ne jaina kaviyoM ko adhika AkarSita kiyA hai| ina tInoM ke carita para Alocya kAla meM eka-eka mahAkAvya kI racanA huI hai, jo ina kathAoM kI lokapriyatA kA pramANa hai| tapAgaccha ke AcAryoM, vizeSataH hIravijaya tathA unakI paTTa-paramparA meM vijayasena sUri, vijayadevasUri tathA vijayaprabhasUri kI AdhyAtmika tathA dhArmika upalabdhiyoM ne jaina kaviyoM ko itanA prabhAvita kiyA ki Alocya yuga meM una se sambandhita kaI ullekhanIya kAvyoM kI racanA huI hai| hIravijayasUri ke itivRtta para AdhArita hIrasaubhAgya saMskRta ke jainAjaina kAvyoM meM pratiSThita pada para AsIna hai| vijayasena tathA vijayadevasUri ke jIvanavRtta para racita mahAkAvyoM-vijayaprazasti, tathA devAnandamahAkAvya-meM bhI, pUrva pIThikA ke rUpa meM, hIrasUri kA nirUpaNa huA hai| somasaubhAgya tathA sumatisambhava kA viSaya bhI tapAgaccha ke anuvartI sAdhuoM kI dharmacaryA hai| Alocya kAla ke kaviyoM para tapAgacchIya AcAryoM kA yaha ekAdhikAra unakI dharma-prabhAvanA tathA cAritrika nirmalatA kA sUcaka hai|

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upasaMhAra 487 saMskRta-mahAkAvya-paramparA meM prastuta yuga ke mahAkAvyoM kA apanA mahattva hai| mAghottara adhikatara mahAkAvyakAra unakI kavitA ke bAhya evaM Abhyantara rUpa se itane abhibhUta haiM ki ve kathAvastu ke alaMkaraNa, rUDhiyoM ke pAlana tathA bhASA-zailI meM mAgha kA anukaraNa karate rahe haiN| Alocya kAla ke kavi usa prabala AkarSaNa se achate to nahIM haiM, kintu jayazekhara, kItirAja, puNyakuzala tathA sUracandra ne kAlidAsa kI zailI ko apanA Adarza mAnA hai| phalataH unake kAvyoM kI bhASA-zailI mAgha kI vikaTabandha kRtrima zailI nahIM hai| usameM garimA tathA saralatA kA hRdayAvarjaka saMyoga hai / puNyakuzala ke kAvya kI yaha vizeSatA isaliye aura bhI abhinandanIya hai ki kathAvastu kI parikalpanA, upasthApana tathA nirvAha Adi meM ve mAgha ke RNI haiM / avazya hI kAvyaracanA ke prayojana ne ina kaviyoM ko apanI kRtiyoM ko atyadhika alaMkRta karane se rokA hai, kintu saMskRta-mahAkAvya ke antima caraNa meM baddhamUla paramparA tathA usake durdamanIya AkarSaNa ke samakSa AtmasamarpaNa na karanA svayaM eka upalabdhi hai / isa dRSTi se ve kAlidAsa ke patha ke baTohI haiM aura unakI ziSya-paramparA ko samRddha banAte haiM / isakA yaha abhiprAya nahIM ki Alocya yuga meM mAgha kA prabhAva samApta ho gayA thA athavA unakA kAvya AkarSaNazUnya bana gayA thaa| uparyukta kaviyoM meM se hI kucha apane kAvyoM ke prastutIkaraNa meM mAgha ke padacihnoM para calate dikhAyI dete haiN| parantu mAgha ke sacce ziSya meghavijayagaNi haiN| devAnanda kI samasyApUrti ke atirikta digvijaya mahAkAvya ke citrakAvya para bhI mAgha kI chApa spaSTa hai| anya kAvyoM ke kucha aMzoM para bhI mAgha kA prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai| sabase bar3A Azcarya to yaha hai ki zrIharSa ko bhI vivecya yuga meM do anuyAyI mile haiN| hIrasaubhAgya jaina-sAhitya kA naiSadha hai / yadusundara naiSadhacarita kA laghu saMskaraNa prastuta karatA hai| kumArapAlacarita ke atirikta Alocya yuga ke anya aitihAsika mahAkAvyoM ke itihAsa-tattva kI prAmANikatA nirvivAda hai| saMyamadhana AcAryoM ke jIvanavRtta para AdhArita kAvyoM kA itihAsa-pakSa saMskRta ke prAcIna bahuprazaMsita aitihAsika mahAkAvyoM kI apekSA kahIM adhika vizvasanIya hai| sarva vijaya ne sumatisambhava meM sumatisAdhu ke sAtha-sAtha mANDU ke eka nAgarika, zAha jAvar3a, ko apane vivaraNa kA viSaya banA kara aitihAsika kAvyoM kI paramparA meM nUtana udbhAvanA kI hai| apane itihAsa-pakSa ko lagabhaga nirdoSa banAye rakhanA ina kAvyoM kI bar3I vizeSatA vivecya tIna zatAbdiyoM meM jainakumArasambhava, neminAthamahAkAvya tathA kAvyaH maNDana (kucha sthaloM ko chor3akara) meM kAvya ke sukumAra mArga kA nirvAha huA hai| bharatabAhubalimahAkAvya kI antarAtmA bhI kAlidAsa kI kalA se prabhAvita hai / hammIramahAkAvya pAThaka kI aitihAsika tathA kAvyAtmaka cetanA ko samAna rUpa se

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488 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya santuSTa karatA hai| hIrasaubhAgya naiSadhacarita kA smaraNa karAtA hai| yadusundara tathA naSadhacarita kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana atIva upayogI hai| devAnanda tathA saptasandhAna paNDitavarga ke bauddhika vilAsa kI sAmagrI haiN| zrIdharacarita meM pAThaka ko vibhinna zailiyoM kA prapAnaka rasa milegaa| isameM prayukta lagabhaga 100 chanda bhI kama camatkArajanaka nahIM haiN| ye nau mahAkAvya aise haiM jina para kAvyapremI tathA sAhityasamIkSaka garva kara sakatA hai tathA anya kAvyoM para kiye gaye apane zrama ko, kevala inake kAraNa bhI, sArthaka mAna sakatA hai| inheM saMskRta ke gauravazAlI mahAkAvyoM kI zreNI meM samucita sthAna milanA cAhiye / isakA yaha abhiprAya nahIM ki anya vivecita kAvya mahattva se zUnya haiM / hamArA dRDha vizvAsa hai ki jaina saMskRta-mahAkAvyoM ke binA saMskRta-mahAkAvya ke itihAsa ko pUrNa mAnane kA Agraha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki jaina saMskRta-sAhitya kA niSpakSa dRSTi se mUlyAMkana kiyA jAye aura jo usameM Adeya hai, use nissaMkoca grahaNa kiyA jaaye|

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saMdarbha-graMtha 1. aNuyogaddArAim : zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI, 1968 2. uttarAdhyayanasUtram : jaina zvetAmbara terApanthI sabhA, kalakattA, 1967 4. dazavakAlikasUtram : vyAkhyAkAra, AtmArAma jI, lAhaura, 1946 3. jambUdvIpaprajJapti (patrAkAra), sIkaMdarAbAda 5. padmapurANa (bhAga 1-2) : raviSeNa, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1958-59 6. harivaMzapurANa : jinasena : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1962 7. AdipurANa (bhAga 1-2) : jinasena, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1951 8. uttarapurANa : guNabhadra : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1954 6. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita : hemacandra, jaina dharmapracArasabhA, bhAvanagara, 1606-13 10. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita : aMgrejI anuvAda, gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sIrIz2a, saMkhyA 136, jilda 5 11. jinaratnakoza : eca. DI. velaMkara, pUnA, 1944 12. jaina sAhitya no saMkSipta itihAsa : mo. da. desAI, bambaI, 1933 13. jaina saMskRta sAhitya no itihAsa, bhAga-2 : hIrAlAla kApar3iyA, bar3odA, 1968 14. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 6, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1973 15. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa : nAthUrAma premI, hindI-graMtha-ratnAkara, baMbaI, 1956 16. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna : hIrAlAla jaina, bhopAla, 1962 17. saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna : nemicandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI, 1971 18. jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja : jagadIzacandra jaina, vArANasI; 1965 16. jaina prazastisaMgraha : jugalakizora mukhtAra, dillI, 1954 20. aitihAsika jaina kAvyasaMgraha : agaracanda, bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, kalakattA, saM0 1994 21. bIkAnera jaina lekha saMgraha : agaracanda nAhaTA, kalakattA, vI. saM. 2482

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420 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 22. yugapradhAna jinadattasUri : agaracanda nAhaTA, kalakattA, saM. 2003 23. atIta kA anAvaraNa : AcArya tulasI, muni nathamala, bhAratIya jJAnapITha; 1666 24. jaina dhAtu- pratimA -lekha saMgraha : buddhisAgara, adhyAtma prasAraka maMDala, pAdarA 25. bhaTTAraka saMpradAya : vidyAdhara joharApurakara, zolApura, 1658 26. rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya, prAkRta bhAratI, jayapura, 1677 26. sUrIzvara ane samrAT 28. bAbU choTelAla jaina smRtigrantha, kalakattA, 1967 26. jaina-gotra-saMgraha 30. prabandhacintAmaNi, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, granthAMka 1 31. prabandhakoza, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, granthAMka 6 32. Rgveda ( bhAga 1-2 ) dayAnanda saMsthAna, dillI, 1673, 1675 33. e vaidika rIDara : e. e. maikDAnala, AksaphorDa, 1951 34. IzAvAsyopaniSad, gItA presa, gorakhapura, samvat 2021 35. mahAbhArata (mUla), bhAga 1-4, gItA presa, gorakhapura, vi. saM. 2013-2015 36. mArkaNDeyapurANa : veMkaTezvara presa, baMbaI 37. vAyupurANa : biblothikA iNDikA saMskaraNa 38. brahmANDapurANa : veMkaTezvara presa, baMbaI 36. agnipurANa : AnandAzrama saMskRtagranthAvalI, granthAMka 41 40. viSNudharmottarapurANa : veMkaTezvara presa, bambaI 41. bhAgavatapurANa : gItA presa, gorakhapura 42. kAvyAlaMkAra : ( bhAmaha) : saM. devendranAtha zarmA, paTanA, 1985 -43. kAvyAdarza (daNDI) : saM. dharmendrakumAra gupta, dillI, 1673 44. dhvanyAloka (Anandavardhana) : saM. AcArya vizvezvara, vArANasI, 1962 - 45. kAvyaprakAza (mammaTa), vAmanI sahita, pUnA, 1965 46. kAvyAnuzAsana ( hemacandra ) : saM. rasikalAla pArIkha, vI. ema. kulakarNI, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI, 1964 47. sAhityadarpaNa ( vizvanAtha ) : saM. zAligrAma, lakhanaU, samvat 1978 48. bhAratakaumudI ( DaoN0 rAdhAkumuda mukharjI abhinandana grantha bhAga 1- 2) ilAhAbAda, 1945 46. liTrerI sarkala Apha mahAmAtya vastupAla : bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, bambaI, 1653 950. kAnTrIbyUzana oNpha jainijma TU iNDiyana kalcara : saM. rAmacandra dvivedI;

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saMdarbha graMtha dillI, 1975 51. e hisTrI Apha saMskRta liTrecara : e. bI. kItha, 1953 52. saMskRta kavi darzana : bholAzaMkara vyAsa, banArasa, 1955 53. arlI cauhAna DAinesTIz2a : dazaratha zarmA, dillI, 1656 54. caulukya kumArapAla : lakSmIzaMkara vyAsa 55. hammIrAyaNa (bhANDa u vyAsa) : saM0 bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, bIkAnera, saM 491 2017 56. AIne akabarI 57. arastU kA kAvyazAstra : saM0 nagendra, mahendra caturvedI, bhAratI bhaNDAra ilAhAbAda, saM0 2023 58. saundarananda : saM0 i. eca. jAMsTana, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1975 56. meghUdata : sAhitya akAdamI, dillI, 1657 60. kumArasambhava : saM0 ema. Ara. kAle, dillI 61. raghuvaMza : saM0 eca. DI. velaMkara, nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI, 1948 62. abhijJAnazAkuntala : saM0 ema. Ara. kAle, bambaI, 1934 63. vairAgyazataka : saM0 kezavadeva zAstrI, mathurA, 1955 64. zatakatrayAdisubhASitasaMgraha : saM0 dAmodara dharmAcanda kausaMbI, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA (23), bambaI, 1948 65. puruSArthopadeza: ( bhartRhari) : saM0 ke. vI. zarmA, hoziyArapura, 1966 66. kirAtArjunIya : saM0 AdityanArAyaNa pAMDeya, vArANasI, 1968 67. rAmacaritam ( bhaTTikAvya) : saM0 zivadatta, bambaI, 1928 68. zizupAlavadha : saM0 haragovinda zAstrI, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, banArasa 1655 66. naiSadhacarita : sa0 zivadatta zarmA, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1933 70. maNDana granthasaMgraha ( bhAga 1-2 ), pATana, samvat 1974, 1976 71. dhammilakumAracarita ( jayazekhara) : hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara 72. neminirvANa (vAgbhaTa) : nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI, 1896 73. bhAnucandracaritra ( siddhicandra) siMghI jaina granthamAlA (15), bambaI, sa0 [1667 74. kumArapAlacarita ( jayasiMha), [ patrAkAra ] : hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara; 1615 75. sukRtasaMkIrtana : jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA, bhAvanagara, saM0 1974 76. vijayadevamAhAtmya ( zrIvallabha ) : jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka samiti,

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462 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya ahamadAbAda, 1628 77. vRttaratnAkara (kedArabhaTTa) : saM0 rAmacandra zAstrI, bhAradvAja pustakAlaya lAhaura, 1637 78. vividhatIrthakalpa (jinaprabhasUri) : hindI anuvAda, mevAnagara (rAja.), 1978 79. jainijma ina rAjasthAna : ke. sI. jaina, zolApura, 1963 80. terahavIM-caudahavIM zatAbdI ke jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya : zyAmazaMkara dIkSita, jayapura, 1966 81. bhAratIya purAtattva (muni jinavijaya abhinandana grantha) : jayapura, 1971 82. agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandanagrantha (bhAga 2) : bIkAnera, 1976 83. bhAratIbhAnam : lAITa oNpha iNDolojI : hoziyArapura, 1980 84. ArTa eNDa ArkiTekcara oNpha bIkAnera sTeTa : harmana goTaja, AksaphorDa 1650 zodha patrikAeM 1. jaina siddhAntabhAskara . 2. jaina eNTIkverI (pUrvokta kA aMgrez2I vibhAga) 3. jaina satyaprakAza 4. anekAMta 5. svAdhyAya (gujarAtI) 6. jaina saMdeza 7. mahAvIra-smArikA 8. avagAhana, saradArazahara 6. jarnala Apha madhyapradeza hisTArikala sosAiTI 10. jarnala Apha oriyaNTala insTIcyUTa, bar3audA 11. vizvezvarAnanda iNDaoNlojikala jarnala 12. tulasI prajJA

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zuddhipatra zuddha 9 ro pA0 Ti0 13 3 pATi. 34 34 42 azuddha yathA tathA mahAkAvyoM mahAkaviyoM pA0Ni pA0 Ti0 .. gatasta gatasya madhUna mavadhUya upAsiSTISTatAm upAsiSISTa , anubhavoM anubhAvoM prabhUtayo prabhRtayo jajalAgamaH jaladAgamaH subAdhavo subAndhavo uttarAdhyayanasUtra uttarAdhyayanasUtra jitendra jinendra 56 58 67 80 80 .87 ca zIrSaka zIrSaka totottU... tatontatut padamasundara kAvyapratimA prabhAva 106 10 114 131 154 180 183 218 226 totottu.. tAtontut padmasundara kAvyapratibhA abhAva ke itivRtta naitadbhiyA itivRtta mabhyayuH // 6.6 isa paMkti ko nikAla deM saMprApitaH 29 itivrata naidbhiyA itivRtti mamyayu // 6.8 isake liye".. karate haiM saMprAptitaH 22 11-12 248

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494 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 250 255 kAncana sagdharA AcArAM kAzcana sragdharA AcAroM 278 vRddhA 276 279 320 324 324 dhruva adhikArI bIsa varSa AcAya dhruvaM uttarAdhikArI bIsa varSa kI 341 ora AcArya Adi 364 370 aura candramA mehatuMgasUri kacanavarNI naramedha ke dhvanyadhU 372 ora candramaNi merutuMgasUri kaMcanavarNI naramedha se 'dhvanyavadhU AnandayannA 380 388 nAgara55mA 406 *. " 440 gANDapIDanta AsthipaMjara divakara 455 gaLUpIpata asthipaMjara dinakara usakI usakA

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