Ashok Ane Ena Abhilekh

Author(s): Hariprasad Gangadhar Shastri
Publisher: Gujarat University
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/020057/1

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/ / kobAtIrthamaMDana zrI mahAvIrasvAmine namaH / / / / anaMtalabdhinidhAna zrI gautamasvAmine namaH / / / / gaNadhara bhagavaMta zrI sudharmAsvAmine namaH / / / / yoganiSTha AcArya zrImad buddhisAgarasUrIzvarebhyo namaH / / / cAritracUDAmaNi AcArya zrImad kailAsasAgarasUrIzvarebhyo namaH / / AcArya zrI kailAsasAgarasUrijJAnamaMdira punitapreraNA va AzIrvAda rASTrasaMta zrutoddhAraka AcAryadeva zrImat padmasAgarasUrIzvarajI ma. sA. jaina mudrita graMtha skeniMga prakalpa graMthAMka :1 jaina ArAdhana zrI mahAvI kendra ko kobA. // amataM tu vidyA zrI mahAvIra jaina ArAdhanA kendra zahara zAkhA AcAryazrI kailAsasAgarasUri jJAnamaMdira kobA, gAMdhInagara-zrI mahAvIra jaina ArAdhanA kendra AcAryazrI kailAsasAgarasUri jJAnamaMdira kobA, gAMdhInagara-382007 (gujarAta) (079) 23276252, 23276204 pheksa : 23276249 Websiet : www.kobatirth.org Email : Kendra@kobatirth.org AcAryazrI kailAsasAgarasUri jJAnamaMdira zahara zAkhA AcAryazrI kailAsasAgarasUri jJAnamaMdira traNa baMgalA, Tolakanagara parivAra DAiniMga haoNla kI galI meM pAlaDI, ahamadAbAda - 380007 (079)26582355 - - - For Private And Personal Use Only

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azoka ane enA abhilekha lekhaka hariprasAda gaMgAzaMkara zAstrI yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDanA sahayoga dvArA, " mAM vAM rI rAma na nI mArA mananI - gu ja rA ta yunivarsiTI amadAvAda-9 For Private And Personal Use Only

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pustaka-paricaya A laghugraMthamAM azoka ane enA sarva jJAta abhilekhAne paricaya ApavAmAM Avyo che. emAM bauddha anuzrutio anukAlIna ane sAMpradAyika hoI, azokanA potAnA abhilekhAnI samakAlIna sAmagrIne svAbhAvika rIte vadhu pramANita gaNavAmAM AvI che. bauddha anuzrutimAM to azAka aMDAzAkamAMthI dharmAzAka banI bauddha dharmanA abhyadaya tathA prasAramAM ke phALo Ape che e batAvyuM che, jyAre enI abhilekhA parathI e mahAna rAjavInA udAtta dharma-adhizIlanano tathA dharma-anuzAsanane tAdRza tathA pramANita khyAla Ave che. AnuSaMgika rIte azoke bhAratanAM tatkAlIna bhASA, lipi, abhilekha, kalA, sthApatya ityAdimAM gaNanApAtra pradAna kareluM che, paraMtu enuM sahuthI kImatI-amUlya pradAna raheluM che enI udAtta dharmabhAvanAmAM tema ja tenA prasArane lagatA enA athAga utsAhamAM. enA abhilekhAmAM abhivyakata thayelo dharma Aje paNa sAMskRtika abhyadaya tathA sarvajanakalyANanI bhAvanAno saMdeza Ape che." [ AmukhamAMthI For Private And Personal Use Only

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azoka ane enA Abhilekha lekhaka hariprasAda gaMgAzaMkara zAstrI yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDanA sahayoga dvArA gujarAta yunivarsiTI. a mA vAda-9 For Private And Personal Use Only

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azoka ane enA abhilekha lekhaka hariprasAda gaMgAzaMkara zAstrI yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDanA sahayoga dvArA R'Sws gujarAta yunivarsiTI amadAvAda-9 For Private And Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra prathama AvRtti) muka jitendra maganalAla purohita kAryakArI vyavasthApaka, gujarAta yunivarsiTI presa amadAvAda-9 www.kobatirth.org (c) gujarAta yunivarsiTI kiMmata : rU. 6-00 [ 1972 prakAzaka kaMcanalAla caMdulAla parIkha kulasaciva, gujarAta yunivarsiTI amadAvAda-9

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pUrva bela svarAjayaprApti pachI ApaNA dezamAM zikSaNane vistAra vadhyo che. sAthe sAthe ucca zikSaNanI paripATIne kAraNe jJAnavistAranI navI tako UbhI thaI che. Ama chatAM ucca zikSaNanA abhilASI vidyArthIonA jJAnanI kSitijo savaze vistarI nathI. pariNAme yunivarsiTI-vidyArthInA jJAnajagatane vyApa vAmaNo bhAse che. vidyArthIone yogya vAcanasAmagrI pUrI pADavAnA hetuthI tathA zikSaNanuM mAdhyama dareka rAjyamAM tenI prAdezika bhASA hovI joIe e dvividha hetune lakSamAM laI ucca koTinA pramANita graMtha prAdezika bhASAmAM adhika saMkhyAmAM prakAzita thAya te mATe bhArata sarakAre pratyeka rAjyane eka karoDa rUpiyA phALavIne A kAma dareka rAjya sarakArane soMpela che. A hetuthI gujarAta rAjya gujarAta rAjyanI yunivarsiTIonA vidyArthIone gujarAtI bhASAmAM vidyAviSayaka prakAzane upalabdha karavA yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa racI tene A kAma soMpela che. A yojanA heThaLa maulika graMtho tema ja aMgrejI tathA anya bhASAonA pramANabhUta graMthonA anuvAda taiyAra karavA mATe gujarAtanA anubhavI, saniSTha ane vidvAna prAdhyApakonI sevA meLavI A yojanAne mUrta svarUpa ApavA borDa bIDuM jhaDapyuM che te mATe saunA sahakAranI apekSA che. A yojanA heThaLa prakAzita thatAM prakAzamAM gujarAta yunivarsiTI prakAzita paribhASA tathA gujarAtI bhASAnI pratibhAne anurUpa hoya tevI anya prayogazIla paribhASAne upayoga karavAnI nIti apanAvela che gujarAta rAjyanI yunivarsiTIonA vidyArthIone vinA vilaMbe gujarAtI graMtho maLI rahe te hetuthI A yojanA anvaye gujarAta yunivarsiTInA upakrame taiyAra thayela "azoka ane enA abhilekho' pustaka prakAzita karatAM AnaMda anubhavuM chuM. zrI. hariprasAda gaM. zAstrI jevA vidvAna, sanniSTha ane anubhava adhyApakane hAthe A graMtha lakhAyo che te AnaMdanI va ta che. For Private And Personal Use Only

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gujarAta yunivarsiTIe gujarAtImAM pustako taiyAra karavAnI pitAnI yojanA heThaLa taiyAra thayela ane AvA bIjA graMtho yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDanI sahayogI prakAzananI yojanA heThaLa prakAzita karavAnI saMmati ApI te badala kulapatizrI ne sinDikeTanA sabhyo tathA kulasaciva ne prakAzana adhikArIno huM khAsa AbhAra mAnuM chuM. borDanA sabhyo tathA vahIvaTI sevakavarge A kAryamAM je utsAha batAvyo che tenI noMdha letAM mane khuzI Upaje che. AzA che ke gujarAta rAjya yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa dvArA prakAzita A graMtha viSayaka vidyArthIono tathA adhyApakone AvakAra pAmaze. AzA rAkhuM chuM ke kolejonA AcAryo A ne AvA graMthanI thokaprato potAnAM pustakAlayo ane pAThayapustaka graMthAlayomAM vasAvI A pravRttine pagabhara banAvaze. IzvarabhAI paTela yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa amadAvAda-6. 25 jUna 1972. adhyakSa. For Private And Personal Use Only

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prakAzaka-saMsthAnuM nivedana | zikSaNa ane parIkSAnA mAdhyama tarIke gujarAtI bhASAne vadhu vyApaka banAvavAnA hetuthI vidyArthIo mATe gujarAtImAM vAcanasAmagrI upalabdha karavA gujarAta yunivarsiTIe keTalIka yojanAo ghaDI che. vividha kSetro ane viSayo para adhikArI vidvAna pAsethI AdhArabhUta mAhitI maLe te mATe laghugraMtha taiyAra karavAnI yojanAne paNa temAM samAveza thAya che. judA judA viSayomAM snAtaka/anusnAtaka kakSAnA je abhyAsakramo yunivarsiTIe niyata karelA che tene vizada rIte samajavAmAM vidyArthIone upakAraka nIvaDe te A yojanAne mukhya hetu che. A yojanA heThaLa DaoN. hariprasAda gaM. zAstrI kRta "azoka ane tenA abhilekha" e pustikA prasiddha karatAM AnaMda thAya che. DaoN. zAstrI jevA anubhavI ane saniSTha prAdhyApakanA hAthe A pustaka taiyAra thayela che te AnaMdanI vAta che. A kAma mATe khAsa vakhata kADhIne TUMka samayamAM hastaprata taiyAra karI ApavA badala huM temano AbhArI chuM. A pustaka prakAzana aMgenuM tamAma kharca ApavA yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa, gujarAta rAjya svIkAryuM hoI te aMgenI yojanA anvaye A pustaka prasiddha karavAmAM Ave che. te yojanA mATe ame borDanA ane tenA saMcAlakonA AbhArI chIe. AzA che ke itihAsanA zikSako ane vidyArthImitre uparAMta A viSayamAM rasa dharAvatI anya vyakitaone paNa A pusitakA upayogI nIvaDaze. gujarAta yunivarsiTI, amadAvAda-9. jUna 27, 197ra. saura ASADha 6, 1894 (zaka). ke. caM. parIkha kulasaciva. For Private And Personal Use Only

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prastAvanA gaI sadInA pUrvArdha daramiyAna "devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA'nA zailalekhe, staMbhalekho ane guphAlekha ukelAyA ne prakAzita thayA tathA e rAjA mauryavaMzano samrATa azoka hovAnuM mAlUma paDayuM tyArathI bhAratanA prAcIna itihAsamAM azoka maurya mahattvanuM sthAna dharAve che. bhAratanA abhilekhonA saMgraha'nA graMtha 1 tarIke 1877mAM azokanA abhilekhone pahelo saMgraha prakAzita thayo tyArathI enA abhilekhone paddhatisara abhyAsa thato rahyo che. samaya jatAM azokanA vadhu ne vadhu abhilekha maLatA rahyA che, jemAM kaMdahAramAM maLelo grIka tathA arAmAIka zailalekha khAsa noMdhapAtra che. azokanA abhilekhanA navA navA saMgraha paNa avAranavAra prakAzita thatA rahyA che. emAM saMvata 2022 (I.sa. 1965-66)mAM prasiddha thayela moja je samikSa nAme saMgraha adyatana che. azoka vize bhAratanA - prAcIna itihAsamAM khAsa prakaraNa lakhAyAM che, eTaluM ja nahi, ene vize nAnAmoTA aneka svatra graMtha paNa lakhAtA rahyA che. A laghugraMthamAM azeka ane enA sarva jJAta abhilekhono paricaya ApavAmAM Avyo che. emAM bauddha anuzrutio anukAlIna ane sAMpradAyika hoI, azokanA pitAnA abhilekhonI samakAlIna sAmagrIne svAbhAvika rIte vadhu pramANita gaNavAmAM AvI che. bauddha anukRtimAM to azoka caMDAzokamAMthI dharmAzaka banI bauddha dharmanA abhyadaya tathA prasAramAM ke phALo Ape che e batAvyuM che, jyAre enA abhilekha parathI e mahAna rAjavInA udAna dharma-adhizIlanano tathA dharma-anuzAsanane tAdRza tathA pramANita khyAla Ave che. AnuSaMgika rIte azoke bhAratanAM tatkAlIna bhASA, lipi, abhilekha, kalA, sthApatya ityAdimAM gaNanApAtra pradAna kareluM che, paraMtu enuM sahuthI kImatI-amUlya pradAna raheluM che enI udAtta dharmabhAvanAmAM tema ja tenA prasArane lagatA enA athAga utsAhamAM. enA abhilekhamAM abhivyakata thayelo dharma aje paNa sAMskRtika abhyadaya tathA sarvajanakalyANanI bhAvanAne saMdeza Ape che. For Private And Personal Use Only

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suvAsa ', 192, AjhAda sAsAyaTI, amadAvAda-15. 7-3-1971 [12] azAkanI kalA ane sthApatyanI namUnedAra kRtionA prakAzana aMge bhAratanA purAtattva sarvekSaNanA saujanyanA kRtajJatApUrvaka RNasvIkAra karavAmAM Ave che. A laghugraMtha lakhAvavA tathA prakAzita karavA gujarAta yunivarsiTInA AbhArI chuM. hariprasAda ga. zAstrI

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anukramaNikA pUrvabAla puSa 1-20. 21-36 prakAzaka saMsthAnuM nivedana prastAvanA khaMDa 1: azoka prakaraNa 1. jIvanarekhA prAstAvika 1, kula ane pUrva 2, kumAra azoka 3, rAjayAhaNa 3, rAjyAbhika 4, "devane priya priyadarzI rAja' , kaliMgane vijaya ane rAjAno hRdayapalaTo 7, bauddha dharmane sakiya upAsaka 8, patnI ane saMtAne 12, rAjyakAla ane aMtima divaso 14, samayAMkana 15. 2. abhilekhe zilAlekhenA prakAra 21, viSayo 24, sAra 24, venAM svarUpa 32, samayAMkana 34. cherAjaya ane ene vahIvaTI rAjyavisatAra 37, sarahadI rAjyo 41, rAjyanA aMtargata pradeze 43, rAjyataMtra 44, azokanuM prajA-vAtsalya 45, prANIo taraphanuM vAtsalya 47, adhikArIo 47, maMtrI 48, pariSada 48, mahAmAtra 48, dUta 49, prAMtika vahIvaTa 50, anya adhikArIo 51, sudhArAvadhArA 51. 4. bauddha dharmane prabhAva hadayapalaTo 55, bauddha dharma aMgIkAra 55, sakriya upAsaka pa6, dharmopadeza pa6, zailalekha pa7, zilAraMbhe pa9, saMghanI akhaMDitatA 59, dharmaparyAyonI bhalAmaNa 59, stUpo ane vihAronuM nirmANa 63, bauddha dharmane prasAra 63. For Private And Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 5. dharma-bhAvanA www.kobatirth.org vizALa dharmadRSTi 65, sarvadharma-sadbhAva 66, dharmanuM svarUpa 66, dharmanuM AcaraNa 67, dayAtmaka prabaMdhA 70, dAna 71, kalyANa 72, dharmanI vyApaka dRSTi 73, dharmamaya jIvanadRSTi 73. [14] 6. dharmanA upadeza ane prasAra rAjakulamAM dharma-prasAra 76, prajAjanomAM prasAra 77, dharmayAtrA 77, dharmapradarzanA 78, adhikArIo dvArA dharmopadeza 79, dharma-mahAmAtrAnI nimaNUka 81, sArvajanika paramArthanAM kArya 81, hiMsaka kRtyonA pratibaMdha 82, AtmaparIkSaNa ane dhyAna 82, dharmalekhA ane dharmAvaNA 82, dharmopadeza drArA thayelA dharma-prasAra 84. 7. vAstukalA ane zilpakalAmAM pradAna 1. prAstAvika naMgaro 85, pATaliputranA rAjaprAsAda 86, stUpe ane vihAro 87, smAraka staMbhA 90, staMbhAnuM svarUpa 93, zirAvaTInuM kalAsauMdarya 95, staMbhAnAM vidhAna ane sthApana 98, zailaguhA 99, nahero 100. 8. azokanA uttarAdhikArIo 9. azoka ane maurya sAmrAjyanI paDatI 10. itihAsamAM azokanuM sthAna 2. lipi ane bhASA Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir khaMDa 2: azokanA abhilekhA zeAdha, vAcana ane adhyayana 131, vargIkaraNa 137, kAlAnukrama ane saMkhyA 179. 3. AraMbhika gauNa zailalekhA 4. cauda mukhya zailalekha 5. kaliMganA alaga zailalekha 6. guphAlekhA . 7. lakalekha 8. gauNa staMbhalekhA 9. sAta mukhya staMbhalekha paribhASA lipio 142, akSara vinyAsa 144, bhASA 144. For Private And Personal Use Only 65-75 76-84 85-101 102-111 112-118 119-128 131-141 142-150 151153 154-160 161-193 164 165 166-167 168-102 173

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citronI yAdI 1. abhilekhAnAM prAptisthAnAnA nakazA 2a. azokanuM rAjya A. azAkanA videzI saMparka 3. azAkanA abhilekhAnI brAhmI lipi 4. azAkanA abhilekhAnI kharoSThI lipi 5. koluhA staMbha 6. lauriyA-naMdanagaDha staMbha 7. rAmapuravA staMbhanI siMha-zirAvaTI 8. kisA staMbhanI gaja-zirAvaTI 9. rAmapuravA staMbhanI vRSabha-zirAvaTI 10. sAranAtha staMbhanI zirAvaTI 11. alAhAbAda staMbha-zirAvaTInuM phalaka 12. sudAmA guphA (sAmAnya dekhAva) ( 63. leAmaza RSi guphA (sAmAnya dekhAva) 14. lemaza RSi guphAnuM pravezadvAra 15. azAkanA dharmalekha darzAvatA giranAra zaila 16. giranAra zailalekha naM. 1--2 17. dilhI-ToparA sthaMbha abhilekha naM. 1 18. rumminadeI gauNa staMbha-abhilekha. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir [citro mATe juo pustakanA aMte.] For Private And Personal Use Only

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1, jIvanarekhA devanA priya priyadarzI rAjA' azokanA abhilekha vaMcAyA ne prakAzita thayA, tyArathI e mahAna rAjavInI udAtta dharmabhAvanAe sahune prabhAvita karyA che. azoke karAvelI yAdagAra vAstukRtioe, khAsa karIne enA zilArUMbhA tathA enI kalAtmaka zirAvaTIoe, vAstukalA tathA zilpakalAnA protsAhaka tarIke tene nAmanA apAvI che. bauddha sAhityamAM tenI bauddha dharmanA protsAhaka tarIke kIrtigAthA gAyelI hatI ja, paraMtu enA abhilekhonA prakAzana ane zilAstaMbha vagerenA abhijJAna pachI e dharma tathA kalAnA protsAhaka tarIke khyAti pAmyo. vaLI enA abhilekhamAM vyakata thayelI udAtta dharmabhAvanA tema ja e bhAvanAnA vyApaka prasAra mATenI enI tamannA parathI ene bhAratanA ja nahi, jagatanA ItihAsamAM eka mahAna rAjavI tarIke gavuM sthAna prApta thayuM che. azokanA hRdayamAM je tIvra dharmabhAvanA jAgrata thaI tene pote yathAzakita amalamAM mUkavA mAMDI eTaluM ja nahi potAnA samasta rAjyanA prajAjanomAM te dharmanuM AcaraNa prasare te mATe teNe dharma-anuzAsana(dharma-upadeza)nA lekha lakhAvyA meM sarvatra enI jAhera ughoSaNA karAvI. dharmopadeza tathA dharmAcaraNanI o bhAvanA pitAnA vaMzajomAM tathA prajAjanomAM cirakAla Take te hetuthI teNe e dharma-lekha zilA para kotarAvyA. zarUAtamAM azoke A lekha parvato (zailo arthAt moTI zilAo) para kotarAvyA. paraMtu AgaLa jatAM zilAnA goLa uoMga staMbha ghaDAvI enA para kotarAvyAne e staMbhane dharmapratIko dharAvatI kalAtmaka zirAvaTIo vaDe vibhUSita karyA. zilA para kotarAyelA A abhilekho azokanI icchA anusAra cirakAla kayA che ne ethI e lekhee emAM vyakata thayelAM enAM udAtta vijJApane tathA anuzAsanane amara nAmanA apAvI che. paraMtu A abhilekha mukhyata: enI dharmabhAvanA, dharmAcaraNa ane dharmopadezane lagatA hoI, emAM vyakita tarIke tathA rAjA tarIke azokanuM carita nirUpe tevI bAbatone javalle ja samAveza thAya che. azokanA aMgata itihAsa vize pAli, saMskRta, prAkRta, cInI vagere sAhityamAM keTalIka hakIkata maLI Ave che, paraMtu e lakhANa aneka zatako pachI anukRtio rUpe lakhAyelAM che ne emAMnI ghaNI bAbato te a0 1 For Private And Personal Use Only

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azaka ane enA abhilekhe spaSTata: sAMpradAyika dRSTie upajAvelI ke atizayokitathI nirUpelI jaNAya che. AthI samakAlIna abhilekhonI sarakhAmaNIe A anukAlIna Anuzrutika vRttAMtano ItihAsanA pramANita sAdhana tarIke upayoga karavAmAM ghaNI sAvadhatA rAkhavI paDe che. chatAM keTalIka jarUrI mAhitI mATe e anukRtio ja upakAraka nIvaDe che ne emAMnI keTalIka mAhitI vAstavika ke zraddhoya lAge che. azokanA aMgata itihAsa vize pramANita mAhitI pramANamAM ghaNI ochI maLe che. kula ane pUrva : azoka maurya kuLano hato. AgaLa jatAM koI naMda vaMzanA chellA rAjA ane murA nAme vRSala (zUdra) strImAMthI mauryanI utpatti thayAnuM jaNAve che, paraMtu e saMbhavita nathI. bauddha anuzruti maurya e eka kSatriya jAti hovAnuM ne e jati zAkyonI zAkhA hovAnuM jaNAve che, jyAre AcArya hemacandra e kulanAmane mayUrapaSako sAthe sAMkaLe che. game tema, maurya kula e bhagavAna buddhanA samayamAM gaNataMtra dharAvatI eka mahattvanI jAti hatI. samaya jatAM tene eka kula rAjakula tarIke sattArUDha thayuM ne AgaLa jatAM te kulanI utpatti mATe jAtajAtanA mata pracalita thayA. maurya vaMzanA sthApaka caMdragupta mAyanu nAma bhAratanA itihAsamAM suprasiddha che. eNe magadhanA madAMdha naMda rAjAnI sattAnuM nikaMdana kAryuM eTaluM ja nahi, bhAratanA uttara-pazcima pradezone grIka zAsanamAMthI mukata karI videzI AkramaNa sAme samartha nIvaDe tevA vizALa sAmrAjyanuM saMgaThana sAdhyuM. enI A siddhi ghaNe aMze enA preraka ane mArgadarzaka guru cANakya urphe kauTilya viSagraguptane AbhArI hatI. bhAratanA maurya samrATa caMdragupta ane sIriyAnA grIka samrATa seluka vacce vigraha pachI kAyamI maitrI baMdhAI hatI. tyAre magadhanuM pATanagara pATaliputra (hAlanuM paTanA) hatuM. selukano grIka elacI maeNgasthanI tyAM varSo sudhI rahyo hato. caMdragupta pachI ene putra biMdusAra gAdIe Avyo. enA samayamAM maurya sAmrAjyanI sattA sAbUta rahI. sIriyAnA grIka rAjA sAthenI maitrIya cAlu rahI. misaranA grIka rAja sAthe paNa maurya rAjAne tevo saMbaMdha hato. biMdusAranA samayamAM gaMdhAra dezanI takSazilA nagarIe maurya sUbA sAme baLavo karyo tyAre rAjAe kumAra azokane tyAM mokalyo ne tyAMne mAmalo thALe paDyo che 9. Raychaudhuri, Political History of Ancient India. pp. 266 f. 1 . 2. Ibid, pp. 297 f, For Private And Personal Use Only

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jIvanarekhA biMdusArane aneka rANIo hatI. tenA putrAmAM susIma ke sumana jyeSTha hatA ne vigatoka ke tiSya kaniSTha hatA; azeAka biMdusAranA bIjo putra, susIma vagerenA sAvako bhAI ane vigatazAkanA sahAdara bhAI hatA evI anuzruti che. ' azAkAvadAna ane 'divyAvadAna ' kahe che ke azAkanI mAtA aMga dezanI caMpA nagarInI brAhmaNa kanyA hatI, jyAre 'mahAvaMza' pramANe e maurya phulanI hatI. enuM nAma subhadrAMgI ke dharma hatuM; siMhalI sAhityamAM enuM nAma 'dharmA' ApyuM che. e biMdusAranI paTarANI hatI. enA kulaguru AjIvika saMpradAyanA hatA. kumAra azoka : azeAkAvadAnamAM jaNAvyA mujaba biMdusAranAM samayamAM takSazilAmAM baLavA thayA tyAre rAjAe kumAra azAkane tyAM mAkalyA. sainya laIne e tyAM pahoMcyA tyAre tyAMnA leAko tene maLavA AvyA ne kahevA lAgyA ke amane kumAra sAme ne rAjA biMdusAra sAme koI virodha nathI; duSTa amAtyo amArI avahelanA kare che tenI sAme amAro virodha che. azoke takSazilAmAM zAMti sthApI. pachI enI niyukita ujjanamAMnA uparAja tarIke thaI. tyAre tyAM te vidizAnA oSThI devanI suMdara ane suzikSita kanyA devIne paraNyo. kahe che ke tenA pitA zAkaya jAtinA hatA. avantinI pATanagarI ujajana hatI. tyAM devIne pahelAM mahendra nAme putranA ane pachI saMghamitrA nAme putrInA janma thayo, aAka avantimAM ochAmAM ochAM 11 varSa rahyo. rAjyArohaNa : pAli anuzruti anusAra azeka pitAnI gaMbhIra mAMdagInA samAcAra maLatAM ujajanathI pATaliputra pahoMcI gayA ne pitAnuM mRtyu thatAM susIma urphe sumanane (tathA tenA sarva sahAdarone4) mArI teNe rAjagAdI hastagata karI.pa kahe che ke azAkane biMdusAranA mahAmAtya rAdhaguptane Teko hatA. A anukAlIna 1. Raychaudhuri, ibid., p. 300; Barua, As'oka and His Inscriptions, pp. 35 f.; Thapar, As'oka and the Decline of the Mauryas, p. 26. 2. Barua, op. cit., pp. 51 f.; Thapar, op. cit., pp. 22 ff. 3. uttarI anuzrutimAM 'susIma' nAma che ne dakSiNI anuzrutimAM 'sumana '. 4. 'dIpavaMsa 'tathA 'mahAbheMsa 'mAM 99 bhAIonI hatyAnA ullekha che, jyAre tArAnAtha tene badale 6 bhAIo jaNAve che. 5-6. 'Thapar, As'oka and the Decline of the Mauryas, pp. 25 ff. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #20
azoka ane enA abhilekha sAMpradAyika anuzrutimAM aitihAsika tathva raheluM hovAnuM pramANa maLyuM nathI. abhilekhamAM te azoka potAnA rAjyAbhiSekane 12 varSa thayA bAda paNa bhAIone sadbhAvapUrvaka ullekha kare che. azoke potAno kaniSTha baMdhu je tene sahodara hato tene uparAja nI evI anuzruti che. tenuM nAma tiSya ke vItAzoka ke vigatazoka hatuM. kahe che ke e zarUAtamAM bhogavilAsamAM parAyaNa raheto, paraMtu AgaLa jatAM eNe dhArmika vRttinA thaI zramaNatvanI dIkSA lIdhI. rAjayAbhiSeka: "dIpavaMsamAM ApelI anuzruti anusAra azokanuM mULa nAma priyadarzana' hatuM, zarUAtamAM eNe rAjA tarIke vidhisara abhiSeka pAmyA vinA rAjaya karyuM, cAra varSa bAda e "azoka' tarIke abhiSeka pAmyo ane e pachI cha varSe eno "priyadarzI' tarIke punarabhiSeka thaze. azoka pitAnA abhilekhamAM jayAM jayAM potAnI koI pravRttione samayanirdeza kare che tyAM tyAM te hamezAM pitAnA abhiSekathI gaNAtAM varSonI saMkhyA Ape che. AthI enA samayamAM koI saLaMga saMvatane badale te te rAjAnA rAjyakAlanAM varSa gaNavAnI prathA pracalita hovAnuM ane azokane rAjapAla enA abhiSekathI gaNAto hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. paraMtu te parathI enA rAjyArohaNa ane rAjamoka vacce amuka varSone gALe rahelo hato ke kema e bAbatamAM kaMI nirNAyaka anumAna tAravavuM muzkela che. devone priya priyadarzI rAja': azokanA abhilekhomAM "azoka' nAma apavAdarUpe be ja jagyAe prajA che. ghaNAkharA abhilekhamAM A dharmalekho lakhAvanAra ane dharmazAsana pharamAvanAra rAjA mATe sAmAnya rIte 'devono priya priyadarzI rAjA" evo zabdaprayoga thayelo che. keTalIka vAra saMkSepamAM ene badale mAtra "devone priya" ke "rAjA" zabda vaparAyo che. alaga kaliMga lekhamAM 1. Thapar, op. cit., pp. 27 f. 2. silonanA eka graMthamAM azokanA pitAmaha caMdragupta mATe paNa 'priyadarzana' zabda prayojAyo che. R. G. Bhandarkar, Asoka, p. 4. 3. gauNa zailalekha naM. 1 nI mAskI pratamAM tathA gujarI pratamAM. 4. cauda zailekhamAM, sAta staMbhalekhamAM, sAranAtha-kauzAMbI-sAMcInA staMbhalekhamAM, rummideI staMbhalekhamAM ane niglIvA staMbhalekhamAM. 5. gha.ta, zailalekha naM. 12 ane 13mAM, staMbhalekha naM. 7mAM ane sAranAthakauzAMbI-sAMcInA staMbhalekhamAM. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #21
devane priya' tema ja sajA' zabda je prajA che. gauNa zIlAlekhamAM tathA rANInA saMbhakhamAM mAtra 'devane priya' zabda dekhA de che. bairATanAM zilAphalaka lekhamAM "priyadarzI rAjA' zabda prayoga thayo che, jayAre kaMdahAranA zailabamAM tema ja traNeya guphAlekhomAM 'sajA priyadarzI' zabda vaparAyA che. A parathI evuM phalita thAya che ke A rAja sAmAnaM: "devonA priya" tarIke ane vizeSata: 'priyadarzI rAjA" (ke "rAja priyadarzI') tarIke oLakhAto. AthI moTe bhAge e potAno "devonA priya pithI rAjA' tarIke ullekha kare che. emAM devane priya' e "satramavAra' je mAMnavArcaka zabda che je e jamAnAmAM zaone uddezIne khAsa prA. azokanA zilAlekha ne. 8mAM e zabda agAunA rAjAo mATe paNa vaparAya che. nAgArjunI parvatanI guphAlekhomAM e zabda azokanA anugAmI rAjAo paikInA dazarathanA nAmanI sAthe prayojAyo che. silonanA samakAlIna rAjA tiSya tathA pachInA keTalAka rAjAo paNa 'devonA priya' kahevAtA. abhiSekavidhi prasaMge rAjA para savitA, agni, soma, bRhaspati, indra, rudra, mitra ane varuNa jevA devo kRpA varasAve tevA maMtra bhaNavAmAM AvatA. azoka jevA dharmiSTha rAjavI mATe "devano priya' zabdaprayoga ghaNo sArthaka nIvaDyo hate..2 je abhivemAM azoka mATe "priyadarzI' nAma vaparAyuM nathI ne "devone diya' zabdaprayoga ja badhA che, te paikha racanAnI dRSTie ghauM varanI pahelAMnA jaNAtA haiI, "priyadarzI ' nAme te pachInA samayamAM pracalita thayuM lAge che evuM dhAravAmAM AveluM, paranuM kaMdahAranI varSa thatA lekhamAM pa ene 'rA briNadarzI' kahyo che. 9. D. R. Bhandarkar, As'oka, p. 7; Thapar, As'oka and the Decline of the Mauryas, p. 226. 2. pachInA samayamAM "rerAnA ' aluka sasi hoya tyAre tene artha mUkha' athavA "kamaakkala' thAya che. (D. R. Bhandarkar, Asoka, p. 6) brAcIna kAlamAM e pada ma7, zIzu ane azubha7 nI jema mAnavAcaka arthamAM yojanuM evuM pataMjali kRta mahAmA (2, 4, 56mAM jaNaviluM che. 3. Barua, As'oka and His Inscriptions, p. 17. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #22
azeka ane enA abhilekha bauddha anukRti anusAra e pachI cha varSe azokane punarabhiSeka thayo ne tyArathI te 'priyadarzI' tarIke oLakhAyo. bhAratIya paraMparA pramANe rAjAne punaH rabhiSeka rAjAonA adhirAja thavAnA prasaMge thate. te tyAre azoke koI anya rAjAo para Adhipatya prApta karyuM haze ? azokanAM parAkramamAM to teNe kaliMga jItI lIdhAnuM parAkrama jANavA maLe che ne te parakama tenA abhiSeka pachI ATha varSe thayuM hatuM. mudrArAkSasa' nATaka (aMka 6)mAM azokanA pitAmaha caMdragupta mATe priyadarzana' biruda prayojAyuM che. "dIpavaMsa'mAM azoka mATe ghaNI vAra 'priyadarzI' zabda vaparAyo che. vAlmIkie rAmAyaNamAM rAma mATe "priyadarzana' zabda prayojyo che. pachInA samayamAM "priyadarzana' rAjabirUda tarIke prayojAtuM evuM 'rAjendrakaustubha'mAM noMdhAyuM che.? game tema, azokane mATe pachIthI "priyadarzI ' nAma pracalita thayuM ne abhiSeka pachI 12 varSa bAda lakhAyelA tenA sarva abhilekhamAM e ja nAma prayojAyuM che. Ama enA abhilekhomAM "priyadarzI' nAma vyApaka rIte vaparAyuM hovA chatAM, AgaLa jatAM A rAjA 'azoka' nAme ja oLakhAyo.* azoka' e enuM mULa vyakitanAma lAge che, jyAre "priyadarzI' e enuM rAjyAbhiSeka prasaMge pADavAmAM AveluM rAjA tarIkenuM nAma jaNAya che; ne 'devane priya' e to e kAlamAM rAjAo mATe prayojAtuM sAmAnya biruda hatuM.' dharmazAka : bauddha sAhityamAM azokanI AraMbhika kArakirdI vize jAtajAtanI vAto pracalita che. tArAnAtha kahe che ke pahelAM e kAmAka" tarIke oLakhAto, kema ke e 7-2. B. M. Barua, As'oka and His Inscriptions, p. 14. 3. R. K. Mookerji, Aska p. 12: Thapar, op. cit, p. 226. 4. purANa vagere sAhityamAM A nAma ja vaparAyuM che. mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAnA jUnAgaDha zailalekha(I.sa. 150)mAM paNa ene "azoka maurya' tarIke ullekha karelo che. 5. Thapar, op. cti, p. 227. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #23
jIvanarekhA ghaNAM varSa bhAgavilAsamAM parAyaNa rahelA. kahe che ke e dekhAvamAM ghaNA kadarUpo hatA, tenA aMta:puranI strIoe tene AvuM kahetAM teNe te pAMcaseAya strIone agnidAhanI kAramI sajA karI.ra AvI rIte eNe pAMcasA maMtrIonA paNa ziraccheda karAvelA. AvAM krUra karmone laIne e 'caMDAzAka' ( caMDa azAka) tarIke paMkAyA. gAdI mATe eNe navANuM sAvakA bhAIonI hatyA karelI. tethI te 'caMDAzeAka' tarIke oLakhAyo evuM paNa kahevAya che.ja kahe che ke azoke pRthvI para eka narakAgAra banAvarAvyuM te temAM te aneka nirdoSa janAne narakanI vividha kAramI yAtanAonA anubhava karAvatA tema ja te jAte joIne tenI majA mANatA. eka divasa emAM eka bauddha bhikSune e yAtanAone dhairyathI sahana karatAM joI azAkane bauddha dharmanA udAtta tattvamAM rasa utpanna thayA ne te e ahiMsApradhAna dharmane mArge vaLI 'dharmAzAka' banyA.5 azokanI caMDatAne lagatI vAto dekhItI rIte bauddha dharmanA aMgIkAra karatAM e ghaNA sudharI gayA evuM batAvavAnA hetuthI sAMpradAyika zlAghAnI dRSTie UpajI hAvAnuM jaNAya che. kaliMgano vijaya ane rAjane hradayapalaTo : zailalekha naM. 13mAM jaNAvyA mujaba devAnA priya priyadarzI rAjAe abhiSeka pachI ATha varSe kaliMgadeza ( orissA ) jItI lIdhA. te mATe je yuddha thayuM, temAM doDha lAkha mANasone keda karI laI javAyA, eka lAkha mANasa haNAyA ane anekagaNA mANasa maraNa pAmyA. A khAnAkharAbIne kAraNe azokanA manamAM bhAre saMtApa ane pazcAttApa thayo, khAsa karIne miSTha janAne tathA temanA svajanAne evI herAnagati naDe tethI. kaliMganA vijaya siddha thayA pachI devAnA priya priyadarzI rAjAe A aMgenA potAnA anutApa vyakata karI Ahera karyuM ke apakAra karanArane zakaya haze teTalI kSamA ApavAmAM Avaze. aTavIjanAne zAnti mATe anurodha karI, anutApamAMya peAtAna prabhAva darzAvyo. lAkhA jIvAne saMtApa de tevA hiMsaka saMgrAma dvArA navA vijaya meLavavAnI nItine pote tilAMjali dIdhI ne potAnA putra pautrA vagerene paNa tema karavA anurodha karyo. devAnA priye have dharmavijayane mukhya vijaya mAnyo, kema ke emAM prItirasa rahelA hoya che ne e A lAkamAM tema ja paralAkamAM phaLa Ape che. 1-5. R. K. Mookerji, As'oka, p. 4; Barua, op. cit., p. 22 Thapar, op. cit., pp. 28 f. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #24
azoka ane enA abhilekhe A dharmavijaya devonA pripanA dharmAnurAsana (dharmopadeza) draNa saMdhAya che. A dharmAnuzAsana enA rAjayanA pradezamAM tema ja AsapAsanAM anya rAjyomAM paNa pravartatuM. kaliMganA sthAnika adhikArIone paNa devonA priye sUcanA ApI ke huM mArI sarva prajAnuM aihika tathA pAralaukika hitasukha icchuM chuM, tethI teone tarapha kaDaka nIti na rAkhatAM teo mArAthI udvigna na rahe te mArAmAM vizvAsa rAkhe tema vartavuM." Ama kaliMga paranA AkramaNamAM azoke vijaya prApta karyo, paraMtu tema karavAmAM tyAMnI prajAmAM je pArAvAra khAnAkharAbI thaI tethI tenA hRdayamAM bhAre saMtApa ane pazcAttApa thaze ne teNe AvA hAnikara vijayane badale hitakara dharmavijaya prApta karavAnI nIti apanAvI. Ama kaliyuddha azokano hRdayapalaTo karAvyo. rAjane mATe sadA Avazyaka manAtI vijigISA tajI azoka sarvatra dharmopadeza dvArA dharmavijaya meLavavAnA mArge vaLyo. dharmiSTha rAjavI kharekhara 'devone priya" thayo ne sarva prajAjanone mATe 'priyadarzI' banyo. bauddha dharmane sakriya upAsaka : hiMsaka yuddhane sthAne azoke dharmanI abhiruci apanAvI, tyAre ene e samayano dharmasaMpradAyomAM bauddha dharma tarapha savizeSa anurAga thayo. A saMbaMdhI bauddha sAhityamAM jAtajAtanI anukRtio ApavAmAM AvI che: azoka enA pitA biMdusAranI jema roja hajAro brAhmaNo, parivrAjaka vagerene bhikSA Apato hato. eka divasa eNe teonI vicitra rItabhAta joI mAnArDa zramaNo (sAdhuo) tathA brAhmaNone teDAvyA. emAM AvelA parivrAjako, AjIviko, nirga vageremAM paNa ene ata:sAra jagAyo nahi.' have e bauddha saMpradAya tarapha vaLyo. A ghaTanA amaka pachInA cothA varSe banI. silonanA pAli graMye apAra rAjA azekane bauddha dharmanAM triraMga (buddha, dharma ane saMgha) tathA paMcazIla aMgIkAra karI buddha sana u saddharma (arthAt bauddhArma) apanAvavAnI preraNA sthavira vadhe opI hatI. keTalAka A nyodhane azoke rAjyArohaNa mATe mArI nAkhelA moTA bhAI sumananI vidhavA patnIne patinA mRtyu pachI janmelA putra tarIke oLakhAve che. 1. alaga kaliMga zAsanonA AdhAre. 2. Barua, op. cit., pp. 24 f. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #25
jIvanarekhA / tyAre vyaMgrodhanI umara sAta varSanI hoya. eNe tyAre dIkSA lIdhI hoya, te e zrAmaNera (sagIra zramaNa ) hAya, AmaNa ke sthavira na hoya. azAkane bauddha dharma aMgIkAra karavAnI preraNA koI zramaNa ke sthavire ApI hoya, te te tyAre taruNa chatAM pukhta vayanA hovA joIe. arhata sthagira nyugrodha ane AmaNera nyagrodha e be bhinna vyakitao haze ne ahIM nAmasAmyane laIne e be vacce geATALA thayA haze. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir ha 'divyAvadAna ' jevA saMskRta graMthomAM sthavira nyugrodhanI jagyAe sthavira samudranuM nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che. azAka have zAkaya (bauddha) saMghanA upAsaka vargamAM bhaLyA. rAjarasADAmAM have 60,000 brAhmaNo ane parivrAjakone badale 60,000 bauddha zramaNAne bhikSA apAvA lAgI.4 AgaLa jatAM azoke pATaliputranA kukkuTArAma vihAranI mulAkAta lIdhI. eka divase e vihAranA bhikSuo pAsethI buddhazAsananA vistAra 84,000 skandha jeTalA hovAnuM jANI azeke jaMbudrIpanAM 84,00 nagaromAM ekekavihAra baMdhAvavAnuM pharamAvyuM. A vihAronA bAMdhakAmanI dekharekha sthavira indraguptane soMpavAmAM AvI. 96 karoDanA kharce traNa varSamAM e badhuM kAma pUruM thayuM. dareka vihAramAM pUjA mATe caitya karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. ajAtazatrue baMdhAvelA stUpamAM padharAvelAM bhagavAna buddhanAM pavitra asthionuM vibhAjana karI azoke e A sarva caityomAM padharAvyAM.pa A caitya stUpa rUpe hatAM; tene 'dharmarAjikA' paNa kahetA.` pATilaputramAM azeke potAnA nAmanA 'azAkArAma ' vihAra baMdhAvyo. ' 1. Thapar, op. cit., p. 34. 2. Basak, Asokan Inscriptions, p. 31. 3. Thapar, op. cit., p. 35. 4. Basak, op. cit., p. 25. 5-6-7. Ibid., pp. 25 f. 8. Basak, op. cit., pp. 22 f. agAunA aMDAzeAka have dharmAzAka thayo. enuM zAsana samagra jaMbudrIpa para pravartI ne bauddha dharmanI kItimAM abhivRddhi thaI. itara saMpradAyanA anuyAyIo bauddha saMghamAM bhaLI emAM potAnA matAne pracAra karI khaTarAga karAvavA lAgyA, tyAre maudgalIputra tiSe saMghane sAbUta rAkhyo. For Private And Personal Use Only

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10 azaka ane enA abhilekhe te sthavire bauddha saMghanI trIjI saMgIti (pariSada) bharI ne bauddha dharmanA prasAra mATe AsapAsanA dezomAM sthavirone mokalyA.' sthavira mahendra silonamAM bauddha dharma prasAryo. tyAre tyAM devone priya tiSya nAme rAjA rAjya karato hato. te devenA priya dharmAzaka tarapha parama Adara dharAvato. devenA priya tiLe grAmara sumanane dharmA pAse mokalI bhagavAna buddhanAM asthi maMgAvyAM ne caityaparvata para moTo stupa baMdhAvyo. sthavira mahendra pAse silonanA aneka bhAvika janoe upadeza grahaNa karyo ne emAMnA keTalAka puruSoe dIkSA levA mAMDI. strIonI dIkSA mATe rAjAe dharmAzaka pAse amAtya mokalI sthavirA saMghamitrAne teDAvyAM ne temanI sAthe bodhivRkSanI zAkhA maMgAvI. A zAkhA anurAdhapuranA mahAmeghavanArAmamAM ropavAmAM AvI. tyAM hAla je bodhivRkSa raheluM che, te e zAkhAmAMthI thayuM manAya che. mahendra ane saMghamitrA azekanAM saMtAna hatA, teoe potAnuM bAkInuM jIvana silonamAM ja vyatIta karyuM. 'divyAvadAnamAM magailIputra tiSyane badale upaguptanuM nAma ApyuM che.' A Anuzrutika vRttAMtamAM keTaluMka tathya raheluM hovA saMbhave che, jyAre emAMnI keTalIka vigatomAM spaSTata: asaMgati, atizayokita ke asaMbhavitatA rahelI che. azokanA abhilekhamAM bauddha dharmane lagatA keTalAka ullekha Ave che ne emAMnA amuka abhilekha to bauddha dharmane lagatA ja che. A lekhe ane ullekha pramANita hoI, temAMthI maLatI mAhitI vadhu zraddhaya gaNAya. e mAhitI TUMkamAM A pramANe che: kaligavijaya pachI devonA priya priyadarzI rAjane tIvra dharmazIlana, dharmakAmitA ane dhamanazastinI bhAvanA thaI. hRdayapalaTAnA A prasaMge eNe bauddha dharmane aMgIkAra karyo lAge che. zarUAtamAM eka varSa lagI e upAsaka rahyo, paraMtu sakriya banyuM nahi. e pachI e saMgha pAse gayo ne sakriya thayo. Ane artha e lAge che ke zarUAtamAM 9. Thapar., op. cit., pp. 42 ff. 2. mahAvaMsa, variracheda 11-11. 3. yuAna zvAMge bhUlathI temane azokanAM bhAIbahena mAnyAM che. 8. Barua, op. cit., pp. 22 ff. 5. bauddha dharmanA gRhastha anuyAyIne 'upAsaka' kahe che. 6. gauNa zailalekha ne. 1. For Private And Personal Use Only

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jIvanarekhA azAka bauddha dharmanA aMgIkAra karI amuka viranA anuyAyI banI saMtuSTa rahelA, paraMtu eka varSa pachI eNe bhikSu saMghanI mulAkAta lIdhI ne tyArathI te sakriya upAsaka banavA prerAyA. 11 abhiSekane dasa varSa thaye azoke bAdhitIrthanI yAtrA karI. abhiSekane bAra ane tera varSa thayAM tyAre cauda dharmalekha lakhAvyA ne ene rAjyamAM ThekaThekANe zailA para kotarAvyA. A daramiyAna rAjAe hAma mATenI jIvahiMsAnI manAI pharamAvI, jemAM hiMsA rahelI hoya tevA meLAvaDA baMdha karAvyA ne rAjaraseDAmAM bhAjana mATe thatI hajAro prANIonI hatyA aTakAvI. zarUAtamAM roja be mera ane kavicat eka mRganI chUTa rAkhI ne te traNeya prANIonI hatyA paNa pachI nahi karavAmAM Ave ema jAhera karyuM. prANIonI hiMsA na karavA tema ja jIvAne IjA na karavA vize jAhera dhASaNA karAvI tema ja prAdezika adhikArIo dvArA dharmAnuzAsana karAvyuM. rAjA tarIke tenA sarva vyavahAramAM dharmabhAvanA vadhAravAnI vRtti vyApI ne teNe dharma mATe khAsa mahAmAtra (amAtya) nImyA. azAkanI dharmabhAvanAmAM sarva saMpradAyo tarapha sadbhAva ane samAdara rahelA hatA. e zrAmaNo tathA brAhmaNone dAna detA. khatika (barAbara) parvata para AjIvikA mATe guphAo karAvatA. abhiSekane cauda varSa thayAM tyAre azoke nepAlanI tarAI pAse baMdhAyelA kanakamuniTM buddhanA rUpane bamaNA moTo karAvyo.pa abhiSekane vIsa varSa thaye azoke A pradezanAM bauddha tIrthonI yAtrA karI tyAre teNe tyAM jaI pUjA karI ne zilAstaMbha UbhA karAvyo.1 evI rIte jyAM zAkayamuni buddha janmyA hatA te bhuMbinI tIrthanI ya yAtrA karI, tyAM pUjA karI, zilAstaMbha UbhA karAvyo. ne luMbinI gAmane karamukata karI jamIna mahesUlanA daramAM rAhata ApI. 1. mukhya zailalekha naM. 8. 2--3. mukhya zailalekha naM. 1. 4. chellA sAta mAnuSa buddhomAMnA pAMcamA buddha. zAkaya muni gautama buddha emAMnA sAtamA che. sAta buddhonAM pratIka sAMcInA mahAstUpanAM tAraNo para paNa kotarAyAM che. For Private And Personal Use Only 5--6. niglIva staMbhalekha. 7. zAkaya jAtimAM janmelA gautama buddha. 8. zuddhodananAM patnI mAyAdevIe kapilavastuthI piyara jatAM rastAmAM A putra prasavyA hatA. sthaLe 9. rumminadeI staMbhalekha.

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12 azoka ane enA abhilekhA abhiSekane 26 varSa thaye, devAnA priya priyadarzI rAjAe rAjyamAM ThekaThekANe zivAnaMbha UmA karAvI tenA para cha dharmalekha kotarAvyA. bIje varSe emAMnA eka sthaLe sAtamA lekha umerAvyo. A dharmalekhA agAu zaila para kotarAyelA dharmalekhAnAM jevA che. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir e samo bauddha saMghamAM keTalAka bhinnuo tathA bhikSuNIo saMghamAM taDa pADatAM hatAM. AthI devAnA priya priyadarzI rAjAe saMghane samagra (akhaMDita ) rAkhavAnuM zAsana pharamAvyuM. koI bhinnu ke bhinnugI saMghamAM taDa pADe, te temane sapheda vastra paherAvI anya AvAsamAM vasAvavAmAM Avaze evuM pharamAvyuM. A lekhanI eka nakala upAsako pAse paNa mukAvI, A zAsananA satata smaraNa tathA pAlana mATe pATaliputra, kauzAMbI vagere sthaLAnA mahAmAtrAnesUcanA ApavAmAM AvI. A lekha sAranAtha, kauzAMbI ane sAMcInA zivAnaMbha para kotarA che. magadhane priyadarzI rAjA saMghane abhivAdana karI tenI kuzaLatA tathA saMgavaDa pUcha, ne buddha, dharma ane saMgha tarapha Adara darzAvatA. bhagavAna buddhanAM vividha vacano paikI amuka dharmasUtreA mATe khAsa bhalAmaNa karI--vinayasamukasa, aliyavAni, anAgata-bhayAni, munigAthA, meneyasRta, upapatasa-pasina ane rAhuleAvAda. A dharmasUtrAnuM bhikSuo ane bhikSutrIo tathA upAsako ane upAsikAo khAsa adhizIlana kare tevI bhalAmaNa karI. Ama rAjA azoke sarva saMpradAyAmAM vyakata thayela vyApaka dharma uparAMta bauddha dharmane lagatI pravRttiomAM sakriya rasa lIdhe ane bauddha dharma tathA bauddha saMghanI abhivRddhimAM mahattvano phALo ApyA. bhAratanI prAcIna vAstukRtiomAM keTalAka bauddha stUpa azoke karAvelA jaNAya che. zAke karAvelA aneka zilAstaMbhAnI zirAvaTImAM bauddha pratIkonA khAsa samAveza thAya che. patnI che ane saMdeza : pali grAmAM jaNAvyA mujaba azoka avantimAM uparAja tarIke vITa karato hato tyAre te vidizAnI zreSThI-kanyA devIne paraNyo hatA ne tenAthI tene mahendra ane saMghamitrA nAme be saMtAna thayAM hatAM.VsaMghamitrAne kumAra agnibrahmA vere paraNAvavAmAM AvI. emane sumana nAme putra thayo. AgaLa 1--2. kalakattA-bairATa lalekha. 3-4. vigate mATe juo prakaraNa 7. 5. Barua, op. cit., pp. 51 f; Thapar, op. cit., pp. 22 ff. For Private And Personal Use Only

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jIvanarekhA 13 jatAM mahendra, saMghamitrA, agnibrahmA ane sumana-e sahue bauddha zramaNa tarIke dIkSA lIdhI. devI vidizAmAM rahyAM. tyAM temaNe eka bauddha vihAra baMdhAvyo. sthavira mahendra ane sthavirA saMghamitrAe silona jaI bauddha dharmano prasAra karyo.* pAli anukRti pramANe azokanI priya agamahilI (paTarANI)nuM nAma asadhimittA (AsadimitrA?3) hatuM ne e azokanA rAjyanA 30mA varSe mRtyu pAmI. vidizA-mahAdevI devI ane agamahilI arAdhimitrA eka hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che, paNa e bahu saMbhavita nathI." azokanA eka staMbhalekhamAM kAruvAkI nAme rANIno ullekha Ave che. e "bIjI rANI' tarIke oLakhAtI ne ene tIvara nAme putra hato. "mahAvaMsamAM jaNAvyA mujaba azoke rANI asalpimittAnA mRtyu pachI cothA varSe tiSyarakSAne paTarANI banAvI. avadAna kathAo anusAra azoka para ene ghaNo prabhAva hato.7 "kAruvAkI' enuM mULa nAma hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. kahe che ke e rANIne azokanA ati-anurAgane laIne bodhivRkSa para bhAre IrSA AvatI. AthI eNe trIjA varSe e vRkSano nAza karyo.9 "divyAvadAnamAM A rANInuM nAma 'tiSyarakSitA' ApyuM che. emAM vaLI A rANIe azokano mAnIto putra kuNAla je ene sAvako putra hato tene kapaTathI aMdha karAvyo hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che.10 A rANInI AkhI vAta pAchaLathI sAMpradAyika dRSTie upajavI kADhelI lAge che. 1. Barua, op. cil, p. 54. 2. mahAsa, vari. 13-14. 3. rAjyArohaNa samayanI patnI (Barua, op. cil, p. 53). 4. Barua, op. cil, p. 53. 4. Thapar, op. cit., p. 23. 6. 20, 3. 9-C. Thapar, As'oka and the Decline of the Mauryas, p. 30. 9. mAvaMta, 20, 6; drivyavAna, 27 (pR. 24-25). 10. p. 262-262. For Private And Personal Use Only

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azoka ane enA abhile "kAruvAkI' e tirakSAnuM vyakitanAma hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. kuNAla dharmavardhana tarIke paNa oLakhAto. enI mAtAnuM nAma 'padmAvatI' hatuM. kuNAlano ullekha jena anukRtimAM paNa Ave che. paraMtu ene aMdha karyo hovAnuM mAnavA jevuM nathI kema ke dharmavardhana kaNAla takSazilAmAM uparAja nimAyo evI bauddha anukRti che ane purANomAM jaNAvyA pramANe kuNAle azokanA uttarAdhikArI tarIke ATha varSa sudhI rAjya kareluM. 'tIvara' ane 'kuNAla' eka ja putranAM nAma haze ne to kArvAka ane padmAvatI paNa eka ja hoya evuM paNa sUcavAyuM che. 'rAjataraMgiNI'mAM jaNAvyA mujaba kAzmIramAM azokanA uttarAdhikAra jalaka nAme rAjaputrane prApta thayo hato. gaMdhAramAM vaLI vIrasena nAme putra sattArUDha thayo ema tArAnAtha nedha che. azokane saMghamitrA uparAMta cAramatI nAme putrI hovAnuM paNa noMdhAyuM che. A saMtAnonI mAtAo koNa hatI te jANavA maLatuM nathI. Ama azokane be ke bethI vadhu rANIo hatI, be ke bethI vadhu putra hatA ane eka ke be putrIo hatI. rAjyakAla ane aMtima divase: azokanA abhilekhamAM abhiSeka pachInA varSa 8 thI varSa 27 sudhInA ullekha Ave che. purANo pramANe azoke 36 varSa rAjaya karyuM. pAli graMthe pramANe teNe abhiSeka pachI 37 varSa ane e pahelAM 4 varSa ema maLI kula 41 varSa rAjya karyuM baMne anukRtio pramANe caMdragupta maurye 24 varSa rAjaya karyuM hatuM, paraMtu biMdusAranA rAjyakAla vize thoDAM varSono phera paDe che. purANo biMdusAra 25 varSa rAjaya karyAnuM jaNAve che, jyAre silonanI anuzruti ene badale 28 varSano AMkaDo Ape 1. Thapar, op. cil, p. 30. 2. vyAvasAna, pR. 26 0-261. 3. Barua, op. cit, p. 51. 4. 1. 100-rU. e parama mAhezvara hato ne eNe plecchone hAMkI kADhayA. eNe rAjyanA mukhya adhikArIonI saMkhyA vadhArI sAtane badale aDhAranI karI. eNe kIti-Azrama nAme bauddha vihAra baMdhAvelo. 4. Raychaudhuri, Political History of Ancient India, p. 350, Thapar, op. cit., p. 190. 6. Thapar, op. cit, pp. 13, 30. For Private And Personal Use Only

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jIvanarekhA che. Ama silonanI anuzruti biMdusArano rAjyakAla 3 varSa jeTalo ane azokane rAjyakALa 1+4=5 varSa jeTalo vadhu hovAnuM sUcave che. AmAMthI biMdusAranAM 3 ane azokanA 1 varSanI sAme purANonI sAlavArImAM abhiSeka pahelAMnAM 4 varSa mUkI, A be anukRtionA AMkaDAo vacce meLa meLavavAnuM sUcavAyuM che.' purANomAM maurya vaMzano kula rAjyakAla 137 varSane jaNAvyo che, temAM eka paraMparA pramANe vyakitagata rAjyakAlano saravALo 4 varSa ocho ne bIjI paraMparA pramANe 7 varSa ocho thAya che, te azokanAM 4 varSa tathA biMdusAra ane azokanAM 3+4=7 varSa ochAM hovAne lIdhe haze? game tema, azoke ochAmAM ochAM 37 ane vadhumAM vadhu 41 varSa rAjya karyuM lAge che. silonanI anukRti anusAra azokanAM aMtima varSa duHkhamaya nIvaDyAM. trIsamAM varSe agramahiSI AsandimitrA mRtyu pAmI ne cAra varSa pachI rANI banelI tiSyarakSAe azokane atipriya bodhivRkSano nAza karyo. 'divyAvadAna' pramANe e rANIe vaLI azokanA priya putra kuNAlane kapaTathI aMdha karyo. emAM vaLI ema paNa jaNAvyuM che ke azoka bauddha bhikSusaMghane aDhaLaka dAna ApavAmAM rAjakoza khAlIkhama karI nAkhato hoI enA amAtyonI vinaMtIthI yuvarAja saMpatie te para kaDaka aMkuza mUkyo ne azokanI rAjasattA aupacArika ane pokaLa banI gaI. paraMtu A Anuzrutika vRttAMtamAM kaMI aitihAsika tathya raheluM haze ke kema e zaMkAspada che. rAjA azokanI dharmaparAyaNa nItithI rAjakuTuMbanI tema ja adhikArI varganI koI vyakitaone rAjanIti tathA arthakAraNanI dRSTie asaMtoSa raheto hoya e. saMbhavita che, paraMtu ene laIne e rAjavInuM jIvana aMtima varSomAM du:khamaya ane duHkhAna nIvaDyuM ema mAnavuM asthAne che. vastuta: AvI Anuzrutika kathAo ghaNI vAra pAchaLathI upajAvI kADhelI hoya che. samayAMkana: sikaMdaranI bhArata paranI caDAI (I. pU. 327-325) ane e bAda thayelA enA mRtyu(I. pU. 323)nA samaya parathI caMdragupta mauryanA 1. Barua, op. cit., pp. 58 f. 2. vigato mATe juo hariprasAda zAstrI, purANamAM ApelI maurya vaMzanI sAlavArI', gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada 20muM saMmelana hevAla, pR. 255-61. 3 Barua, op. cl, pp. 60f. For Private And Personal Use Only

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azoka ane enA abhilekhe rAjyakAlano AraMbha I. pU. 322nA arasAmAM mUkavAmAM Avyo che. caMdragupta e anusAra lagabhaga I. pU. 322thI 298 sudhI rAjya karyuM gaNAya; ne silonanI anukRti anusAra biMdusArano rAjyakAla lagabhaga I. pU. 298thI 270 sudhIno gaNAya. A hisAbe azokanA rAjyArohaNano samaya I. pU. 27)no aMkAya. pAli graMtha anusAra azokano abhiSeka bhagavAna buddhanA parinirvANa pachI 218 varSe thayo. silanamAM hAla bhagavAna buddhanuM parinirvANa I. pU. 544mAM thayuM gaNAya che, e anusAra azokano abhiSeka I. pU. 326mAM thayo gaNAya. paraMtu tyAre to magadhamAM naMdavaMzanuM rAjya pravartatuM hatuM. buddhanuM parinirvANa agAu I. pU. 483mAM thayeluM gaNAtuM evuM mAlUma paDe che. e anusAra azokane abhiSeka I.pU. 265nA arasAmAM thayo gaNAya. cInanI anuzruti anusAra buddhanuM parinirvANa I.pU. 486mAM thayuM hovAnuM manAya che; e gaNatarIe azokano abhiSeka I.pU. 268nA sumAramAM thayo gaNAya. azokanA rAjyakAlanA nirNaya mATe enA zailalekha naM. 13mAM karelA samakAlIna videzI rAjAono ullekha upayogI nIvaDayo che. emAM A pAMca rAjAono ullekha karelo che - vanarAja aMtiyoka, tulAya, aMtekina, maga ane avikasuMdara. AmAMno yavanarAja tiloka e sIriyAne grIka rAjA aMtiyoka bIjo (I.pU. 261-246) che. tulamAya e misarano grIka rAjA tolamAya (TolemI) bIjo (I.pU. 285-247) che. aMtekina e grIsa pAse Avela makaduniyAne rAjA aMtigona gonata (I.pU. 276-239) che. maga e uttara AphrikAmAM Avela kirinInA rAjA maga (lagabhaga I.pU. 258thI lagabhaga I.pU. 250) che. alikasuMdara e prAya: grIsamAM Avela epirasano rAjA alekasadara (I.pU. 272thI lagabhaga I.pU. 255) che. A badhA rAjAonA rAjyakAlamAM I.pU. 258thI 255nAM varSa sAmAnya hoI azokano A abhilekha e daramyAna lakhAyo hovo joIe. A lekha azokanA abhiSeka pachI 13 varSe lakhAyo lAge che. A gaNatarIe ene abhiSeka I.pU. 271-268 daramyAna thayela hovo joIe. 4. V. A. Smith, Early History of India (4th edition), pp. 122 ff. 2. maMdA, 5, 21. ahIM rAjyAbhiSekano ullekha che, rAjyArohaNano nahi, 2. keTalAka ene ene badale grIsamAMnA korinthanA rAjA alekasoMdara (I.pU. 252-lagabhaga I.pU. 244) tarIke oLakhAve che. For Private And Personal Use Only

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jIvanarekhA 17 A badhI dRSTie jotAM azokanA rAjayAbhiSekano samaya I.pU. 268mAM AMkavo sahuthI vadhu baMdha bese che. azoke e pachI 36 ke 37 varSa rAjya karyuM kahevAya che e anusAra azokanA rAjyakAla I.pU. 231 ke 232nA arasA sudhI cAlyo gaNAya. azokane rAjyAbhiSeka Ama I.pU. 268mAM thayo hoya, to purANo pramANe biMdusAranuM rAjaya I.pU. 293mAM ane caMdraguptanuM rAjya I.pU. 317mAM zarU thayuM gaNAya. paraMtu caMdraguptanA rAjyano AraMbha sikaMdaranA mRtyu ( I.pU.323) pachI ATalo moTo thayo lAgato nathI. tethI azokanA rAjyArohaNa ane rAjyAbhiSeka vacce 4 varSanA gALo hovAnI bauddha anuzruti zraddheya jaNAya che ne te vigata purANomAM noMdhAI lAgatI nathI. AthI caMdraguptanuM rAjyArohaNa I.pU. 321mAM, biMdusAranuM I.pU. 297mAM ane azokanuM I.pU. 27ramAM thayuM e gaNatarI barAbara baMdha bese che. AthI azokanA abhilekhamAM tema ja bauddha anukRtimAM jaNAvelAM enA rAjyakAlanI ghaTanAonAM varSa I.pU. 268nA AdhAra para gaNAvA ghaTe. 1. jo bauddha anuzruti anusAra biMdusArano rAjyakAla 25ne badale 28 varSane gaNIe to emAM jaNAvela azokanA rAjyArohaNa-rAjyAbhiSeka vacceno 4 varSano gALo rada karavo paDe. bunirvANa mATe I.pU. 483nuM varSa letAM azokanA rAjyAbhiSeka mATe I.pU. 265nuM varSa Ave ne temAM ja 4 varSa umeratAM rAjyArohaNa mATe I.pU. 269 Ave; te biMdusAranAM 28 ne caMdraguptanAM 24 varSa temAM umeratAM caMdraguptanuM rAjyArohaNa I.pU. 321mAM Ave evuM paNa baMdha besADI zakAya. paraMtu azokano zailalekha 23 je enA rAjyAbhiSekane 13 varSa thaye lakhAyo che ke je temAM jaNAvelA samakAlIna videzI rAjAonA rAjyakAlanA AdhAre I.pU. 250thI 255 daramyAna lakhAyo lAge che tene maLe tema nathI. thApare paNa azokanuM rAjyArohaNa I.pU. 272mAM, biMdusAranuM I.pU. 297mAM ane caMdraguptanuM I.pU. 321mAM gayuM che, ne chatAM bunirvANa mATe I.pU. 483nuM varSa lIdhuM che (pR. 15), paraMtu temAM azokane rAjyAbhiSeka (I.pU. 268), buddha nirvANa (I.pU. 483) pachI 218 varSe thayo hovAnI anukRti baMdha besatI nathI. a0 2 For Private And Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa azekane lagatI bauddha daMtakathAo silonanA pAli sAhityamAM "dIpavasa" tathA "mahAvaMsa' jevA graMthamAM azoka vize je daMtakathAo ApI che teno sAra A pramANe che: ke pitAnuM mRtyu thatAM navANu bhAIone mArIne gAdI meLavI, temAMnA sathI moTA bhAI sumananA maraNottara putranidhi je zrAmara (bAla maNa) thayo hato tenI pAsethI bIddha dharmano upadeza sAMbhaLI te dharma aMgIkAra karyo, sATha hajAra brAhmaNonI jagyAe sATha hajAra bauddha bhikSuone bhojana karAvavA mAMDyuM, traNa varSamAM coryAsI hajAra nUpa baMdhAvarAvyA, rAjyArohaNa pachI cAra varSe pitAno rAjyAbhiSeka ujavAbo ne tyArathI tenAmAM rAjatvanA divya prabhAva dekhAvA lAgyo; azokanA nAnA bhAI tiSya, jamAI agnibrahmA, dauhitra sumana, putra mahendra tathA putrI saMghamitrAe zramaNatvanI dIkSA lIdhI; azokanA abhiSekanA aDhAramA varSe pATaliputranA azokArAmamAM megneliputra tiSyanI adhyakSatA nIce bauddha bhikSuonI trIjI saMgIti maLI; e varSe silonamAM devono priya tiSya gAdIe Avyo ne ege azoka pAsethI bauddha dharmanA aMgIkAranI preraNA meLavI; saMgIti pUrI thatAM megneliputra tiLe bauddha dharmanA pracAra mATe videzomAM bhikSuo mokalelA, te paikI mahendra silona jaI tyAM bauddha dharmano prasAra karyo; rAjA tiNe azokane vinaMtI karI saMghamitrAne silona teDAvyAM ne temaNe strIone dIkSA ApI tema ja bodhivRkSanI zAkhA tyAM pAvI; silonamAM mahAvihAra vagere vihAra baMdhAyA; azoka pAsethI bhagavAna buddhanAM pavitra athi maMgAvI silonamAM gUpArAma svarUpa bAMdhavAmAM Avyo. trIjI saMgItimAM ane sarva mionI vyakitagata tapAsa karAvelI; megnaviputra Lei vaibhajyavAdIone bhagavAna buddhanA kharA anuyAyI TharAvelA ne tenAthI bhinna vicArasaraNI dharAvatA sATha hajAra bhione kADhI mukavA. AgaLa jatAM azokano rAthI nAno bhAI tiSya, je uparAjano adhikAra dharAvato hato, teNe pAna baddha 9. Smith, As'oka, Ch. VI. For Private And Personal Use Only

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azakane lagatI bauddha daMtakathAo 19 dharma aMgIkAra karyo ne pachI zramaNatvanI dIkSA paNa lIdhI. azokanA abhiSekanA 28mA varSe enI priya rANI asampimitrA mRtyu pAmI. e paNa bauddha dharmamAM anurAga dharAvatI. cAra varSa bAda azoke tiSyarakSitAne rANI karI, e pachI cAra varSe e rANIe IrSAthI bodhivRkSano nAza karavA koziza karI, paNa temAM te niSphaLa nIvaDI. e pachI cAra varSe azoka mRtyu pAmyo. eNe 37 varSa rAjya kareluM. bhAratanA saMskRta bauddha sAhityamAM, khAsa karIne divyAvadAna mAMnA "azokAvadAnamAM temaja padyabaddha 'azokAyadAna'mAM azoka vize je daMtakathAo ApavAmAM AvI che, teno sAra A pramANe che: rAjA biMdusArane suzIma nAme putra hato. subhAMgI nAme brAhmaNa patnIthI rAjAne azoka ane vigatAzoka nAme be putra thayA. aNamAnItA kumAra azokane sAdhana saraMjAma vinA takSazilAno baLavo zamAvavA mokalavAmAM Avyo ne chatAM e emAM saphaLa thaI pAcho pharyo. mahAmAnya khallatake jayeSTha rAjaputra sImanI uddhatAI jotAM zokane gAdIe besADavAnuM nakkI karyuM. asIma takSazilAmAM baLavo zamAvavA gayo tyAre rAjAnuM mRtyu thatAM azokane rAjamukuTa paherAvavAmAM Avyo. pitAno adhikAra prApta karavA jatAM susIma mRtyu pAmyo. azoka zarUAtamAM ghaNo kara hato. eNe pAMcaso amAtyonI khadgathI hatyA karI, pAMcaso strIone jIvatI baLAvI, caMDarika nAme mAro zekI narakAgAra karAvyuM, temAM camatkArika rIte sAjAsamAM rahelA balavaMDita ke rAmudra nAme bhikSunI preraNAthI bauddha dharma aMgIkAra karyo, ajAtazatrue rAmagAmanA nAgarakSita stUpa sivAyanA sAta stUpomAMthI asthi laI baMdhAvelA stUpamAMthI bhagavAna buddhanAM asthi kaDhAvI azoke ene 84 hajAra navA tUpamAM phALavI dIdhAM. bhadanta upaguptanA mArgadarzana nIce luMbinIvana, kapilavastu, bodhagayA, RSipattana (sAranAtha), kuzinagara, zrAvastI vagere bauddha tIrthasthAnanI yAtrA karI. yukitaprayukitathI bhAI vItAzokane bauddha dharma aMgIkAra karAvyo. bauddha dharmane drapa karatA brAhmaNa parivrAjakone azoka dUra sajA karato, temAM ajANatAM vItAzokanI hatyA thaI jatAM azoke dehAMtadaMDanI sajA nAbUda karI. yuana zvAMga, je sAtamI sadImAM cInathI bhAratanA pravAse Avelo, ne vItAzokane badale mahendranuM nAma Ape che. te jaNAve che ke mahendra zarUkhAtamAM vilAsI hato, paraMtu sagavazAta tene hRdayapalaTo thatAM teNe bauddha dharma aMgIkAra karyo ne silona jaI tyAM 9. Smith, As oka, Ch. VII. For Private And Personal Use Only

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20. azoka ane tenA abhilekhe te dharma prasAryo. rANI asaMdhimitrAnA mRtyu bAda azoka tiSyarakSitAne paraNyo, te potAnA sAvakA putra kunAla para mohita thaI, paNa kunAle tenA praNayano asvIkAra karatAM tenA para dveSa rAkhyo te tene takSazilA mokalI tyAM tenI AMkho phoDI nakhAvI. AgaLa jatAM rAjAne A vAtanI khabara paDatAM eNe tiSyarakSitAne jIvatI saLagAvarAvI ne emAM saMDovAyelA sahune sajA karI. ghoSa nAme bhikSunI kRpAthI kunAlane tenI dRSTi pAchI maLI. tibbarakSitAe agAu azokano asAdhya roga maTADavAnuM bIDuM jhaDapeluM. eNe evA rogavALA eka govALane marAvI tenA peTamAM rahelo moTo kIDo zodhI kADhelo ne te kIDAne DuMgaLI vaDe marI gayelo joIne rAjAne DuMgaLI khavarAvI sAjo karelo. azoka kuphpharArAmanA bhikSuone so karoDa suvarNa ApavA mAgato hato, te paikI teNe 96 karoDa ApyA ne vRddha thaI have e bAkInA cAra karoDa ApavAnI tajavIja karato hato tyAM amAnyonI salAhathI yuvarAja saMpatie bhaMDArIne manAI karIne dhIme dhIme sarva sattAno dora potAnA hAthamAM lIdho. azoka have nAmane rAjA rahyo chatAM eNe bhikSuone pRthvInuM dAna karyuM. amAtyAe enA badalAmAM bAkInA cAra karoDa pUrA karyA ne saMpatine khAlI gAdI maLI. For Private And Personal Use Only

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2, abhilekhe azokanA aMgata itihAsa mATe enA abhilekha vipula ane mahattvanuM sthAna dharAve che. anukAlIna anukRtionI sarakhAmaNIe azokanA potAnA abhilekho ghaNI pramANita mAhitI pUrI pADe che. azokanA abhilekheno saMgraha kaniMgahame karelo te 1877mAM prakAzita thayo. haze kareluM tenuM saMskaraNa 1925mAM pragaTa thayuM. te pachIye azokanA keTalAka vadhu abhilekha prakAzamAM AvyA che. DaoN. rAjabalI pAnDeye taiyAra karelo no saMgraha 1965mAM prasiddha thayo che. A abhilekha bhAratamAM bihAra, uttara pradeza, pUrva paMjAba, rAjasthAna, madhya pradeza, gujarAta, mahArASTra, orisA, A pradeza ane maisUra rAjyamAM AvelA che. e uparAMta nepAlanI tarAImAM, pazcima pAkistAnanA vAyavya sarahada pradezamAM tema ja aphaghAnistAnanA uttara-pUrva tathA dakSiNa bhAgamAM paNa keTalAka lekha maLyA che. abhilekhonAM prAptisthAnanA nakazA mATe AkRti 1 juo. zilAlekhonA prakAra : A badhA abhilekha zilA para kotarelA che. zilAnA prakAranI dRSTie A zilAlekhonA cAra prakAra paDe che: 1. zalalekha (zaila arthAt moTI zilA para kotarelA lekha), 2. staMbhalekho (staMbha para kotarelA lekha), 3. guphAlekho (guphAnI dIvAla para kotarelA lekha) ane 4. phalakalekha (phalaka arthAt nAnI zilA para kotarelA lekha). 1. zailalekhe cAra prakAranA che: (1) cauda zailalekho - giranAra (ji. jUnAgaDha, gujarAta), kAlasI (ji. deharAdUna, uttara pradeza), mAnaseharA (ji. hajArA, pazcima pAkistAna), zAhabAjagaDhI (ji. pezAvara, pazcima pAkistAna), ane eraMguDI (ji. kala, Andha pradeza) pAse A lekhamAlAnI ekeka prata kotarelI che (AkRti 12). dhalI (ji. purI, orisA) tathA jagaDha(ji. jAma, A% pradeza)mAM A lekhamAlAnA lekha naM. 1thI 10 ane naM. 14 kotaryA che. For Private And Personal Use Only

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rara azoka ane enA abhilekhA sopArA(ji. thANA, mahArASTra)mAM lekha naM. 8nA tathA naM.9nA ekeka aMza maLyo che, te parathI A lekhamAlAnI eka prata tyAM kotaravAmAM AvI lAge che. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lekha naM. 3 ane 4nI AjJAo abhiSeka varSa 12mAM pharamAvelI che. lekha naM. 5mAM abhiSeka varSa 13nA ullekha Ave che. lekha naM.8 mAM varSa 10nA ane lekha naM. 13mAM varSa 8nA ullekha che. (2) be alaga zailalekhA - kaliMgavijayane lagatA lekha naM. 13 kaliMga (orisA )mAM Avela dhaulI ane jaugaDhanI lekhamAlAmAM rada karavAmAM AvyA. enI sAthe lekha naM. 11 ane 12 paNa rada karAyA. A traNa lekhAne rada karIne ahIM bIjA be khAsa lekha umeravAmAM AvyA che. A baMne lekha te te sthaLanA sthAnika adhikArIone urdU zI lakhAyA che. (3) gauNa zailalekhA- eka lekhanI pratA sahasarAma (ji. zAhAbAda, bihAra), rUpanAtha (ji. jabalapura, madhya pradeza), bairATa (ji. jayapura, rAjasthAna), gujarrA (ji. datiyA, madhya pradeza), brahmagiri, siddhapura ane jaTiMga-rAmezvara (traNeya ji.cItaladurga, maisUra ), mAskI (ji. rAyacura, Andhra pradeza), erraguDI (ji. kannUla, Andhra pradeza), gAvimaTha (ji. rAyacura), pAlakiguMDu (ji. rAyacura), rAjula--maMgiri (ji. kannUla) ane aharaurA(ji. mirajApura, uttara pradeza)mAM maLI che. tAjetaramAM indraprastha(dilhI)mAM paNa eka pratanA patto lAgyo che. brahmagiri, siddhapura, jaTiMga-rAmezvara, eraMguDI ane rAjula-maMgirimAM keTaluMka vadhu lakhANa umerAyuM che. pahelAM traNa sthaLeAe je umerAyuM che tene gauNa zaila lekha naM. 2 tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. bIjA be sthaLAe paNa lagabhaga e ja lakhANa umereluM che, paraMtu emAM thoDuMka vizeSa ApeluM che. (4) itara gauNa zailalekhA--hAlanA aphaghAnistAnanA ghaNA pradeza azAkanA rAjyanI antargata hatA. kaMdahAra pAse AvelA dharmalekhamAM eka zaila para grIka bhASAmAM ane arAmAI bhASAmAM azeAkanA dvibhASI dharmalekha kotarelA che. A lekha rAjA priyadarzI'ne varSa 10nA che. grIka bhASAnA eka bIjA zailalekha paNa tyAM maLyo che. laghamAna (lampAka) jillAnA khula-i-dAruntamAM maLelA zailakhaMDa je hAla kAbula myUjhiyamamAM rAkhelA che te para arAmAI bhASAmAM evA 1. dhaulI lekhamAM tyAMnA sthAnanuM nAma 'tAsalI' ane jAgaDha lekhamAM tyAMnA sthAnanuM nAma samApA ApyuM che. For Private And Personal Use Only

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abhilekhA tharmalekha kotarAyo che. takSazilA(ji. rAvaLapiMDI, pazcima paMjAba)mAM priyadarzIne eka khaMDita arAmAI lekha maLyA che. 3 2. staMbhalekhA pAMca prakAranA che : (1) sAta staMbhalekhA - ToparA ke sivAlika(ji. aMbAlA, pUrva paMjAba )mAMthI ane meraTha ke mIrata(ji. meraTha, uttara pradeza)mAMthI ekeka staMbha caudamI sadImAM sulatAna phIrojhazAha taghalake dilhImAM khaseDAvI tyAM UbhA karAvelA che. AthI e be staMbha anukrame dilhI-ToparA staMbha ane dilhI-meraTha staMbha tarIke oLakhAya che. evI rIte uttara pradezanA kosAma( prAcIna kauzAMbI )ne eka staMbha alhAbAdanA killAmAM UbhA karelA che, AthI e alhAbAda-kosAma staMbha tarIke oLakhAya che. bihAranA caMpArana jillAmAM traNa sthaLeAe ekeka staMbha AvelA che : rAdhiyA gAma pAse athavA lauriyA gAmanA ararAja maMdira pAse, mAthiyA gAma pAse athavA lauriyA gAmanA naMdanagaDha pAse, ane rAmapuravA gAma pAse. dilhI-ToparA staMbha para lekha naM. 7 saheja pAchaLathI umerAyA che. bAkInA ye staMbhA para lekha naM. 1--6 kotarelA che. staMbhalekha naM. 1, 4, 5 ane 6 abhiSeka varSa 26mAM lakhAyelA che; lekha naM. 7 varSa 27mAM lakhAyA che. vArANasImAM abhilekhAvALA eka staMbha hatA te 1809nA hullaDamAM nAza pAmyo. paTanA(prAcIna pATaliputra)mAM staMbhalekhanA saMkhyAbaMdha TukaDA maLelA. A e staMbhA para kayA lekha kotaravAmAM AvelA e jANavA maLyuM nathI. A sarva sthaMbha uttara bhAratamAM AvelA che. (2) saMghabhedanA niSedhanA staMbhalekha--A lekhanI eka prata alhAbAdakosAma staMbha para, eka prata sAranAtha(ji. vArANasI pAse, uttara pradeza)nA staMbha para ane eka prata sAMcI(ji. bhApAla, madhya pradeza)nA staMbha para kotarelI che. kosAma kaMratAM sAMcImAM eka vAkaya ane e baMne karatAM sAranAthamAM keTalAMka vAkaya vadhAre che. (3) rANInA staMbhalekha -- A lekha alhAbAda-kosAma staMbha para kotaravAmAM AvyA che. For Private And Personal Use Only - (4) rumminadeI staMbhalekha -- A lekha nepAlanI tarAImAM bastI jillAmAM rasminadeI (lumbinI devI) maMdiranA staMbha para kotarelA che. temAM te samayanA

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24 azoka ane enA abhilekhA lumbinI grAmanA ullekha Ave che. A staMbha abhiSeka varSa 20mAM UbhA kaza veleA che. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir (5) nigsIva staMbhalekha -- nepAlanI tarAImAM niglIva gAma pAse Avela nigAlI sAgara nAme taLAvanI pazcima pALa para AvelA staMbha para azokanA eka bIjo lekha kotaryo che. A staMbhalekha paNa abhiSeka varSa 20mAM karAvelA che. (6) amarAvatImAM maLelA eka zilAlekha azAkanA staMbhalekhanA khaMDa jevA lAge che. , 3. guphAlekhA -- bihAranA gayA jillAmAM Avela barAbara nAme DuMgaramAM cAra guphAo AvelI che. temAMnI karNa caupara, sudAmA ane vizva jhApaDI nAme oLakhAtI traNa guphAomAM ekeka lekha kotarelA che. pahelA be lekha abhiSeka varSa 12nA che; trIjo lekha varSa 19nA che. hAlanuM barAbara nAma tyAMnA eka madhyakAlIna saMskRta lekhamAM jaNAvelA ' pravaragiri ' nAma sAthe sAmya dharAve che. azAkanA samayamAM A parvata ' khalatika ' ( tAliyA mAthAvALA ) nAme oLakhAtA; ne karNa caupara guphA nyagrodha (vaDa) guphA tarIke oLakhAtI. " 4. lakalekha bairATa(rAjasthAna)mAM gauNa zailalekha dharAvatA zailanI pAse nAnI zilA para eka lekha kotarelA. staMbhalekha naM. 7mAM ' zilAphalaka zabda A arthamAM prayojAyo lAge che. A lekhane hAla lakAnA inDiyana myUjhiyamamAM rAkhelA che. bairATa pAsenA bhAbrA ke bhA%0 gAmamAM AvelA A lekhane pahelAM bairATa ke bhAbrA (ke bhAbU )nA gauNa zailalekha naM. 2 tarIke oLakhavAmAM AvelA, paNa have ene kalakattA-bairATa zailalekha tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. ghaNA Ane azAkanA gauNa zailalekha naM. 3 tarIke oLakhAve che, paraMtu ene phalakalekha tarIke oLakhavA vadhu ucita che. viSayA: devena priya priyadarzI rAjA potAnA A lekhAne dharmamalipa (dharmalekha) tarIke oLakhAve che, kema ke e lekhA mukhyata: dharmane lagatA che. For Private And Personal Use Only ' sAra: A lekhAnA sAra nIce pramANe che: 1. cauda zailalekhA - (1) A dharmalipi deveAnA priya priyadarzI rAjAe lakhAvI che. hAma mATe jInI hatyA karavI nahi, sadoSa meLAvaDA bharavA nahi, bhAjana mATe rAjarasADAmAM pratidina lAkhA prANIonI hatyA thatI, tene badale have traNa ja prANIonI hatyA thaze ... be mora ane eka mRga. te mRga paNa hamezAM nahi. e traNa prANIonI paNa pachI hatyA karAze nahi.

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abhilekhe 25 (2) priyadarzInA samasta rAjyamAM tema ja sarahadI rAjyomAM sarvatra rAjAe be cikitsAone prabaMdha karyo che- manuSyacikitsA ane pazucikitsA pazuo tathA manuSyo mATe mArgo para kUvA khodAvyA che ane vRkSo ropAvyAM che. (3) abhiSekanA bAramA varSe priyadarzIe A AjJA karI che. mArA samasta rAjayamAM yukato, rajako ane prAdeziko anya karmanI jema dharmAnuzAsana (dhapadeza) mATe dara pAMca varSe pradezamAM pharatA rahe. A bAbatamAM pariSada paNa yukatone AjJA karaze. (4) seMkaDo varSothI prANIonI hatyA, bhUtanI IjA, brAhmaNa-zramaNa tarapha viSama vartAva ItyAdi vadhyuM ja che. priyadarza rAjAnA dharmAcaraNathI have bherIghoSa dharmaghoSa thayo che ne enA dharmAnuzAsanathI prANIonI ahiMsA, bhUtonI bina-IjA, brAhmaNa-zramaNo tarapha sAro vartAva, mAtApitAnI sevA ityAdi dharmAcaraNa vadhyuM che ne vadhaze. rAjAnA putro pautro vagere paNa dharmAcaraNane hamezAM vadhAraze. abhiSekane bAra varSa thaye rAjAe A lakhAvyuM che. (5) kalyANa karavuM muzkela che. meM bahu kalyANa karyuM che. mArA putro pautre vagere tene anusaratA raheze, te satkArya karaze. pApa karavuM saheluM che. abhiSekane tera varSa thayAM meM dharma-mahAmAtra nImyA che. te sarva saMpradAyamAM dharmAcaraNa ane dharmavRddhi mATe tema ja dhArmika janonAM hitasukha mATe nimAyA che. ahIM (pATaliputramAM) tathA bahAranAM nagaromAM bhAIo vagere saMbaMdhIonAM aMta:puromAM badhe te nimAyA che. lAMbo vakhata Take ane mArI prajA ene anusare te mATe A dharmalipi lakhAvI che. (6) ghaNA vakhatathI sarva samaye kAmanuM saMpAdana ane vijJApana thatuM nahi. meM sarva samaye sarvatra vijJApako rAkhyA che, je mane prajAnuM kAma vijJApita kare. huM sarvatra prajAnuM kAma karuM chuM. kAmanA saMpAdanamAM mane saMtoSa thato nathI. sarvalakanA hitane meM kartavya mAnyuM che. tenAthI koI moTuM karma nathI. huM je kaMI karuM chuM te zA mATe? prANIonA RNamAMthI mukata thauM te mATe. huM teone ahIM sukhI karuM ne teo paralokamAM svarga pAme. A dharmalipi lAMbo vakhata Take ne mArA putro patro vagere ene anusare mATe te lakhAvI che. A bhAre puruSArtha sivAya karavuM muzkela che. (7) bridarzI rAjA sarvatra icche che ke sarva saMpradAyo vase, kema ke te sarve saMyama ane bhAvazuddhi icche che. paraMtu loko vividha ruci dharAve che. te badhuM karaze ke ene eka bhAga paNa. For Private And Personal Use Only

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26 azeka ane enA abhilekha (8) lAMbA vakhatathI devonA priyo (rAjAo) vihArayAtrA karatA, jemAM mRgayA ane evI bIjI majAo thatI. devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA, abhiSekane dasa varSa thaye, saMbodhi gayA. tethI dharmayAtrA thaI. temAM darzana, dAna, dharmopadeza vagere thAya che. temAM rAjAne ghaNI prIti che. (9) loko vividha maMgala (mAMgalika kriyAo) kare che. AmAM mAtAo (strIo) bahu nirarthaka maMgala kare che. maMgala karavuM ghaTe, paNa te alpaphaLadAyI che. dharmamaMgala mahAphaLadAyI che. temAM dAso ane sevako tarapha sAro vartAva, prANIo vize saMyama, zramaNa-brAhmaNone dAna vagere hoya che. pitA, putra, bhAI, svAmI vageree pracAra karavo ke dharma maMgala karavA jevuM che, kema ke e A lokamAM phaLadAyI na nIvaDe to paralokamAM anaMta puNya utpanna kare che, jyAre bIjuM maMgala phaLadAyI nIvaDe ne na paNa nIvaDe; vaLI e A lokane lagatuM ja hoya che. (10) loko hAla tema ja bhaviSyamAM dharmopadeza sAMbhaLe ne tene anusare e sivAya bIjI koI bAbatamAM rAjA yaza ke kIrti icchato nathI. rAjA je kaMI puruSArtha kare che te pAralaukika mATe ja kare che, jethI sahu alpa paricavavALA thAya. parisava eTale a-puNya. bhAre puruSArtha vinA e karavuM muzkela che. (11) priyadarzI rAjA kahe che--dharmadAna jevuM dAna nathI. temAM dAsa ane sevako tarapha sAro vartAva, mAtApitAnI sevA, zramaNa-brAhmaNone dAna, prANIonI ahiMsA vagere hoya che. pitA putra bhAI svAmI vageree Ane mATe bhalAmaNa karavI. dharmadAna karavAthI A lokanuM sukha maLe che tema ja paralokanuM anaMta puNya utpanna thAya che. (12) devone priya priyadarzI rAjA sarva saMpradAyone pravRjitone tema ja gRhasthone dAna ane pUjAthI saMmAne che, jethI sarva saMpradAyonI sAravRddhi thAya. sAravRddhi bahu prakAranI che. tenuM mULa che vAkasaMyama. vinAprasaMge pitAnA saMpradAyanI stuti athavA pArakA saMpradAyanI niMdA na karavI. te te prasaMge paNa thoDI ja karavI. pArakA saMpradAyanI stuti karanAra potAnA saMpradAyanI vRddhi kare che tema ja pArakA saMpradAyanuM bhaluM kare che. ethI UlaTuM karanAra potAnA saMpradAyanI hAni kare che tema ja pArakA saMpradAyanuM bUruM kare che. mATe samavAya ja sAro che. anyonyanA dharmane jANe ne seve. devonA priyanI icchA che ke sarva saMpradAyo bahuzruta ane sArA siddhAnto dharAve. sarva saMpradAyanI sAravRddhi thAya te mATe dharma mahAmAtra, strIonI dekharekha rAkhanAra mahAmAtra, vrajabhUminA adhyakSo vagere prakAranA adhikArIone nImavAmAM AvyA che. AthI potAnA saMpradAyanI vRddhi ane dharmanI dIpti thAya che. For Private And Personal Use Only

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abhilekhA (13) abhiSekane ATha varSa thayAM dezanA priya priyadarzI rAjAe kaliMga deza jItyA. doDha lAkha mANasa tyAMthI pakaDIne laI javAyA, eka lAkha tyAM mAryA gayA ne anekagaNA mRtyu pAmyA. te pachI have kaliMga deza prApta thatAM devAnA priyane tIvra dharmazIlana, dharmakAmatA ane dharmAnuzAsana thayela che. vijaya meLavatAM je je vadha, maraNa ke apavAha thAya che tene mATe devAnA priyane bhAre vedanA thAya che. jeomAM dharmabhAvanA rahelI hoya tevA brAhmaNA kAmaNA vagere sarvatra vase che. temAM teone ke teonA snehIone du:kha pahoMce che. yavanadeza sivAya koI deza evo nathI ke jyAM A saMpradAyA na hoya. kaliMga deza meLavatAM jeTalA mANasa mAryA gayA, mRtyu pAmyA ke laI javAyA, tenA sAmeA ke hajAramA bhAga paNa Aje devAnA priyane moTo lAge che. je paNa apakAra karaze tene devAnA priya kSamA karAya teTaluM kSamA karaze. dezanA priyanA rAjyamAM je aTavI che tenI sAthe paNa anunaya (sAma ) kare che. 27 dharmavijayane devAnA priye mukhya vijaya mAnyo che. te devAnA priye ahIM ane sarva sarahado para -- jyAM aMtiyoka nAme yavanarAja che ne tenI pAra cAra rAjAo che ne nIce cAla-pAMDaya che, tAmraparNI sudhI, chasA yeAjanA sudhI meLavyo che. jyAM devAnA priyanA dUtA nathI jatA, tyAM paNa tenA dharmopadeza sAMbhaLI dharmane Acare che te Acaraze. enAthI je vijaya maLe che, te prItirasavALA hoya che. devAnA priya te prItine nahi paNa pAratrika sukhane mahAphaLadAyI mAne che. e mATe A dharmamalipa lakhAvI che, jethI putra pautrA vagere navA vijayane meLavavA jevA na mAne ne dharmavijayane ja vijaya mAne. te A leAka tema ja parAkane lagatA che. (14) A dharmalipi devAnA priya priyadarzI rAjAe lakhAvI che. e saMkSepamAM che, madhyamasara che, vistArathI che. ne badhuM badhe prayoja'nuM nathI, kema ke rAjya ghaNuM moTuM che. bahu lakhyuM che ne lakhAvIza. AmAM te te muddAnI madhuratAne mATe puna: puna: kaheluM che, jethI loko tema Ayo. temAM kaMI apUrNa lakhyuM haze te pradezanA ke saMkSepanA kAraNe ke lahiyAnA doSane laIne. For Private And Personal Use Only be alaga zailalekhA: (1) devAnA priyanA vacanathI tesalInA (ke samApAnA) nagaravyavahAraka mahAmAtrAne Ama kahevAnuM : huM je kaMI jouM chuM te icchuM chuM. A bAbatamAM tamane anuzAsana karuM chuM, kema ke tame hajAro mANasA para nimAyA che. sarva manuSya mArI saMtita che. mArI saMtitaonI jema sarve mANasA A loka tathA paralAkanAM hitasukha pAme tema icchuM chuM. tame Aro A muddo pUro

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azoka ane enA abhilekhe samajatA nathI. tame A dhyAna rAkho. koI baMdhana ke parikaleza pAme, tyAre tamAre madhyama nIti rAkhavI. IrSA, krodha, niSpharatA vagerene vaza na thavuM. AvuM devonA priyanuM anuzAsana che. tenuM pAlana mahAphaLadAyI che. ethI tame svarga pAmazo tema ja mArA RNamAMthI mukata thazo. A lipi tiSya (puNe) sAMbhaLavI. nagaravyavahArako A anuzAsana hamezAM pALe te mATe A lipi lakhAvI che. e mATe huM mahAmAtrane pAMca pAMca varSe bahAra mokalIza. ujajayinIthI paNa kumAra e mATe bahAra jaze ne traNa varSanI mudata vaTAvI jaze nahi. evI rIte takSazilAthI paNa. (2) devono priya Ama kahe che-toralImAM kumAra ane (ke samApAmAM) mahAmAtrone rAjavacana kahevuM: huM je kaMI jouM chuM te icchuM chuM. tamane anuzAsana karuM chuM. sarva manuSya mArI saMtati che. saMtationI jema sarva mANaso A loka tathA paralokanAM hitasukha pAme ema icchuM chuM. nahi jitAyelA sarahadI lokone thAya ke rAjA amArA vize zuM icchatA haze? rAjA ema icche che ke mArAthI teo uga na pAme, ne mArAmAM vizvAsa rAkhe ne mArA taraphathI sukha ja pAme. rAjA kSamA karI zakAya teTalI kSamA karaze. mArA nimitte dharma Acare ane A loka tathA paraloka pAme. jevA pitA, tevA amArA rajA che evI zraddhA dharAve evuM tamAre temane jaNAvavuM, te mATe huM tamane anuzAsana karuM chuM. tame Ama karazo te svarga pAmazo tema ja mArA RNamAMthI mukata thazo. A lipi ahIM eTalA mATe lakhAvI che ke jethI mahAmAtro sarahadI lokonA AzvAsana tathA dharmAcaraNa mATe yukata thAya. A lipi dareka cAturmAsanA tiSe sAMbhaLavI ne vacce paNa sAMbhaLavI. gauNa zailalekhe : (1) devono priya Ama kahe che-aDhI varSathI vadhu vakhata thayo, huM upAsaka chuM. paraMtu eka varSa meM puruSArtha nahi kare. eka varSathI vadhu vakhata thayo, huM saMghathI upeta thayo ne meM sArI rIte puruSArtha karyo. A samaye manuSyo devothI amiA hatA te have mizra thayA. puruSArthanuM e phaLa che. e meTA mANasa ja nahi, nAnA mANasa paNa puruSArtha vaDe prApta karI zake che. eTalA mATe A ghoSaNA karAvI che ke jethI nAnA tema ja moTA puruSArtha kare. sarahadI loko paNa A jAge. A bAbata sArI rIte vadhaze. A bAbata vArApharatI parvata para For Private And Personal Use Only

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29 abhilekhA lakhAve. jyAM zilAstaMbha hoya, tyAM zilAtaMbha para lakhAvo. A ghoSaNA meM 256 pravAse (ke nakalamAM) karAvI che. (2) devono priya Ama kahe che-devone priya jema kahe tema karavuM. rajajakoe rASTrikone AjJA karavI-mAtApitAnI sevA karavI, prANIo para dayA karavI, satya bolavuM. hatyArohane, kAraNakone ane rathArohane evI AjJA karavI. brAhmaNone AjJA karavI-tame purANI paraMparA pramANe avAsIone bhaNAvo. aphaghAnistAnanA zailalekho : (1) rAjA priyadarzI abhiSekane dasa varSa thaye Ama jaNAve che: rAjA prANIonI hiMsA nahi kare, zikArIo ane mAchImAro paNa na kare. loko mAtApitAnI tema ja vaDIlonI sevA kare. rAjAe karelA dharmAnazAsana pramANe sarva mANaso dharma Acare. (2) abhiSeka thayAne dasa varSa thayAM, priyadarzI rAjAe bauddha dharma apanAvyo che ne sarvatra mANaso tathA prANIo taraphanI hiMsA rada karI che. rAjarasoDAmAM have prANIonI hatyA thatI nathI. zikArIo tathA mAchImAroe paNa prANIonI hatyA na karavI. je dharmathI yukata thAya che ne mAtApitAnI tathA vaDIlonI sevA kare che te sahu potAnAM hitasukhanI vRddhi karaze. - sAta sAMbhalekho : (1) devene priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che - abhiSekane chavIsa varSa thaye meM A dharmalipi lakhAvI che. A lokanuM ane paralokanuM sukha meLavavuM muzkela che, sivAya tIvra dharmAnurAga ane tIvra utsAha mArA anuzAsanathI e vadhyuM che ne vadhaze. sarva prakAranA mArA puruSo (adhikArI o) paNa capaLa janone dharma mATe protsAhita karaze. evI rIte sarahadanA mahAmAtro paNa. (2) devAno priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che--dharma sAro che. dharma eTale alpa Asinava, bahu kalyANa, dayA, dAna, satya ane pavitratA. cakSudAna paNa meM bahu prakAranuM dIdhuM che. bepamAM, cepamAM, paMkhIo ane jaLacara para paNa meM prANadAna sudhI vividha anugraha karyo che. bIjAM paNa meM ghaNAM kalyANa karyA che. eTalA mATe meM dharmalipi lakhAvI che ke loko ene anusare ne e lAMbo vakhata Take. 1. "cutha no artha grujha karI ahIM bunirvANa saMvatanuM varSa abhipreta hovAnuM sUcavAyeluM, paraMtu zuka eTale zruSita artha laI ahIM vivAra=pravAsana artha levo ghaTe evo ghaNA vidvAnone mata che. DaoN. baruA vaLI nakalono artha sUcave che (uparyukata, pR. 17). For Private And Personal Use Only

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30 azoka ane enA abhilekhA (3) devAnA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che--loko pAte karelA kalyANane ja jue che, pApane jarAya jotA nathI. A Asinava (Astava--pApa karavAnI vRtti ) tarapha laI jatAM hoya che--caMDatA, niSThuratA, krodha, abhimAna, IrSA. e sArI rIte jovuM--A mArA aihika mATe che, A bIjuM mArA pAralaukika mATe che. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir (4) devAnA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che--abhiSekane chavIsa varSa thaye meM A dharmalipa lakhAvI che. rajukone meM lAkhA mANasA para nImyA che. teone Aropa ke daMDanI bAbatamAM meM svataMtratA ApI che, jethI teo AtmavizvAsathI kAma kare ne jAnapada jananuM hitasukha kare, jevI rIte saMtati kuzaLa dhAtrIne soMpI mANasa nizcita thAya, tema meM jAnapadanA hitasukha mATe rajukone nImyA che. teoe vyavahAra-samatA ane daMDa-samatA icchavI. baMdhanabaddha, prAptadaMDa ane prAptavadha manuSyone meM traNa divaseA rAhatanA ApyA che. te daramyAna teonAM saMbaMdhIo teonA jIvita mATe prayatna karaze ne teo pote pAralaukika kAryo karaze. (5) devAnA priya priyadarzI Ama kahe che--abhiSekane chavIsa varSa thaye meM A prANIAne avadhya karyAM che--zuka, zArikA, haMsa, amuka prakAranA kAcabA, amuka prakAranA matsya, amuka prakAranA sasalA, amuka prakAranA muga, amuka prakAranA kAta vagere tema ja je kAmamAM nathI AvatAM ke khavAtAM nathI tevAM badhAM cApagAM, bakarI, gheTI ane DukkarI je gAbhaNI hoya ke dudhALI hoya, te avadhya che te tenAM cha mahinA sudhInAM baccAM paNa. kUkaDAnI khasI karavI nahi. jIvavALA bhUlAne bALavuM nahi. jaMgalane tophAna mATe ke hiMsA mATe bALavuM nahi. jIvane jIvI poSavA nahi. traNa cAturmAsI pUrNimAoe, tiSyanI (pauSa) pUrNimAe, caturdazI, paMcadazI ane pratipadanA divase, ne khAsa karIne upavAsanA divaseAe matsyane vadha karavA nahi ke matsyanuM vecANa karavuM nahi. e divaseAmAM hAthInA vanamAM tathA mAchalInA vADAmAM bIjA jIvaneya haNavA nahi. parvadinAe AkhalA, bakarA, gheTA, Dukkara vagerene khasI karavI nahi tema ja gheADA ane AkhalAne DAma deveza nahi, abhiSekane chatrIsa varSa thayAM, meM e gALAmAM kedIone pacIsa vAra cheDAvyA che. (6) devAnA priya priyadarzI Ama kahe che--abhiSekane bAra varSa thaye me' lokonA hitasukha mATe dharmalipi lakhAvI, jethI teo tene anusarI dharmavRddhi pAme. najIkanA tema ja dUranA janone tema ja sarva vargane sukha ApavAnuM dhyAna rAkhuM chuM. sarva saMpradAyane paNa vividha rIte saMmAnuM chuM. loko pAse jAte javAne meM mukhya mAnyuM che. abhiSekane chavIsa varSa thaye meM A dharmalipi lakhAvI che. For Private And Personal Use Only

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abhilekhe 31 (7) devone priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che- lAMbA vakhatathI rAjAo icchatA ke lokomAM dharmavRddhi kevI rIte thAya. paraMtu te thatI nahotI. devonA priya priyadarzI rAjAne thayuM, lokomAM dharmavRddhi kevI rIte thAya. A bAbatamAM mane thayuM, dharmanI ghoSaNAo karAvuM ne dharmanAM anuzAsana karuM, e sAMbhaLI loko dharma Acaraze ne vadhAraze. e mATe meM dharmanI ghoSaNAo karAvI ne dharmanAM anuzAsana pharamAvyAM, rajako vagerene paNa meM evI AjJA karI che. meM dharmastaMbha karyA che; dharma mahAmAtra karyA che. mArgo para vaDa ropAvyA che, AMbAvADIo ropAvI che. ardhA ardhA koze kUvA khodAvyA che ne visAmA karAvyA che. agAunA rAjAoe ane meM loko mATe A sagavaDo karI che, jethI teo dharmAcaraNa kare. pravrajito ane gRhastho mATe meM dharma-mahAmAtra rokyA che. teone saMgha mATe, tema ja brAhmaNo, AjIviko ane nirgaLyo (jene) mATe tathA bIjA badhA saMpradAyo mATe rokyA che. e ane bIjA ghaNA mukhya adhikArIone mArA ane rANIonA tema ja kumAro vagerenA dAnanI vaheMcaNI mATe rokavAmAM AvyA che. dharmanAM satkArya A che- dayA, dAna, satya, zauca (pavitratA), mRdutA ane sAdhutA (bhavAI). te lokomAM vadhaze. meM je sArAM karma karyA che tene loko anusaryA che. tethI dharmavRddhi thaI che. te be rIte thaI che-niyamanathI ane dhyAnathI. temAM niyamana najIvuM che; dhyAna mahattvanuM che. A dharmalipi eTalA mATe lakhAvI che ke e lAMbo vakhata Take ne mArA putro pautro vagere tene anusare. abhiSekane sattAvIsa varSa thaye meM A dharmalipi lakhAvI che. A dharmalipi jyAM zilAtaMbho ke dharmaphalako che tyAM karavAnI che, jethI e lAMbo vakhata Take. saMghabhedanA niSedhane bhalekha devono priya priyadarzI AjJA kare che- kauzAMbImAM (ke te te anya sthaLe) mahAmAtrane kahevAnuM ke meM saMghane samagra (akhaMDita). karyo che. bhikSuo ke bhiluNIomAMthI koIe saMghamAM bheda (taDa) karavAno nathI. je tema karaze tene zveta vastra paherAvI anya AvAsamAM vasAvavAmAM Avaze. (sAMcInA lekhamAM -) mArI icchA che ke saMgha samagra (rahI) lAMbo vakhata Take. (sAranAthanA lekhamAM-) A zAsana bhikSusaMghane tathA bhikSuNI saMdhane vijJApita karavuM. AvI eka lipi tamArI pAse rahe. AvI eka lipi upAsako pAse mako. dara paryadine upAsako te dhyAnamAM le tema ja ekeka mahAmAtra le che. tamAro adhikAra. jyAM sudhI pahoMce tyAM badhe A anuzAsana anusAra tamAre (temane) pheravatA rahevA. evI rIte sarva koTa ane jillAomAM paNa karavuM. For Private And Personal Use Only

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azoka ane enA abhilekhe rANIne staMbhalekha- devanA priyanA vacanathI sarvatra mahAmAtrone kahevAnuM ke ahIM bIjI rANInuM je kaMI dAna hoya te e rANInuM che. e badhuM bIjI rANI, tIvaranI mAtA, kAruvAkInuM ja gaNavuM. razminaI taMbhalekha - devonA priya priyadarzI rAjAe abhiSekane vIsa varSa thaye ahIM buddha zAkyamuni jamyA che mATe jAte AvIne pUjA karI. zilAtaMbha Ubho karAvyo. luMbinI gAmane karamukata karyuM ne tenA mahesUlano dara AThamA bhAgane karyo.1 nilIva svabhakha-devonA priya priyadarzI rAjAe abhiSekane cauda varSa thaye buddha kanakamuninA stUpane bamaNo moTo karAvyo. abhiSekane vIsa varSa thaye jAte AvI pUjA karI ne zilAstaMbha Ubho karAvyo. guphAlekha -(1) rAjA priyadarzIe abhiSekane bAra varSa thaye A vaDa-guphA AjIvikone ApI. (2) rAjA priyadarzIe abhiSekane bAra varSa thaye khalatika parvatamAM A guphA AjIvikone ApI. (3) rAjA priyadarzInA abhiSekane ogaNIsa varSa thayAM. meM khalatika parvatamAM A guphA ApI. phalaka kha- magadhane priyadarzI rAjA saMghane abhivAdana karIne sukhazAtA kahe che. -amane buddha, dharma ane saMdha vize keTalo Adara che te tamane vidita che. bhagavAna buddha je kaMI bhAkhyuM che te badhuM sAruM ja bhAkhyuM che. chatAM amane lAge che ke sadadharma A rIte lAMbe vakhata Takaze te mAre kahevuM joIe. A dharmasutro - vinayasamutkarSa, AryavAsa (Arya jIvananI rIto), anAgatabhaya, munigAthA, mIneyasUtra, upasiSyaprazna ane je rAhula-vivAda(bodha)mAM mRSAvAda vize bhagavAna buddha kaheluM te-nuM ghaNA bhikSuo ane bhikSuNIo vAraMvAra zravaNa ane manana kare. e rIte upAsako ane upAsikAo paNa. mAruM abhipreta jANe te mATe huM A lakhAvuM chuM lekhanAM svarUpa- azoka pitAnA mukhya zailalekha tathA staMbhalekhone sAmAnyataH "dharmalipi' tarIke oLakhAve che, jema ke zailalekha naM. 1, 5, 6 ane 14 1. jamIna mahesulamAM sAmAnya rIte dhAnyane chaThTho bhAga levAmAM Avato. te dara ahIM ghaTADyo. 2. chellA sAta buddhomAMnA pAMcamA buddha. For Private And Personal Use Only

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abhilekhA tathA staMbhalekha naM. 1, 2, 4, 6 ane 7ne ahIM lipi eTale lekha evuM abhipreta che; ne A sarva lekha dharmane lagatA che. kacita 'lipi' lekhanI prata ke nakalanA artha dharAve che. 34 staMbha naM. 7mAM e 'dharmazAvaNA' ane 'dharmAnuzAsanA' arthAt dharmaghoSaNAo ane dharmopadezAnAya ullekha kare che. keTalAka lekhAmAM 'dharmaniyamA '(dharma-niyamanA)nI jAherAta che. A sarva lekha azoke rAjA tarIke lakhAvyA che, tethI 'arthazAstra 'nI paribhASAmAM e 'zAsanA' gaNAya. zAsanAnA aneka prakAra che. keTalAMka zAsana prajJApana (vijJApana) arthAt jAherAta rUpe hoya che, jemAM 'AthI jaNAvyuM che' ke 'Ama kahe che' evA zabda prayojAya che. zailalekha naM. 3, 5, 6, 9 ane 11mAM tema ja sAteya staMbhalekhAmAM 'devAnA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che' evA zabdaprayoga karelA che. bAkInA zailalekhA paNa jAherAta tarIke lakhAyelA che. A jAherAto sarvatraga arthAt sarva sthaLeA mATenI che. gauNa zailalekhA paNa A prakAranA che. enA AraMbha 'devAnA priya Ama kahe che' e vAkayathI thAya che. ene 'zrAvaNa' kahyAM che. kaliMganA alaga zailekha te te nagaranA mahAmAtrAne uddezIne lakhAyelA che. saMghabhedanA niSedhane lagatA staMbhalekha paNa e prakAranA che. rANInA staMbhalekha sarva sthaLonA mahAmAtrAne uddezIne che. AvAM zAsanAne 'AjJAlekha' tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. kaliMganA alaga zailalekha naM. 2 ne 'rAjavacanika' kahyo che. rANIne staMbhalekha 'sarvatraga' che. For Private And Personal Use Only guphAlekho dAnane lagatA hAI 'paridAna-lekhA' che. razminadeI ane niglIvanA staMbhalekha sAmAnyata: rAjAnI aMgata dharmapravRttionI jAherAta rUpe hoI 'prAvRttika lekha' svarUpanA che, paraMtu rumminadeI staMbhalekhamAM karamukita ane karadAnamAM anugrahane lagatA je uttarArdha che te 'parIhAra-lekha '( arthAt anugrahalekha)nuM svarUpa dharAve che. staMbhalekha naM. 4mAM rajakone abhihAra ane daMDanI bAbatamAM adhikAra ApatA bhAga 'nisRSTi-lekha' gaNAya. staMbhalekha naM. 5 mAMnA muddA anugraharUpe hAI 'parIhAralekha'nuM svarUpa dharAve che. 0 3

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34 azaka ane enA abhilekhe ekaMdare jotAM A sarva lekha dharmaviSayaka hAI dharmalekha' che. emAMnA keTalAkamAM rAjAnI potAnI pravRttionI jAherAta che, to keTalAkamAM adhikArIone AjJA karelI che. paraMtu sarva lekhone uddeza sArvajanika ghoSaNA ane vijJApanano che. pUrvakAryo tathA dAnanA ullekhono uddeza paNa aMgata yaza ke kItine badale anukaraNIya dRNata tarIke che. samayAMkana -azokanA keTalAka abhilekhamAM te te lekha rAjAe kyA kayA varSe lakhAvyo te jaNAvyuM che ne te varSa enA abhiSekathI gaNelAM che. kaMdahAranA lekha azokanA rAjyakAlanA varSa 10 nA che. cauda zailalekhomAM lekha naM. 3mAM 'abhiSekane bAra varSa thaye meM A pharamAvyuM che' ane naM.4mAM "abhiSekane bAra varSa thaye devonA priya priyadarzI rAjAe A lakhAvyuM che" evo ullekha Ave che. vaLI staMbhalekha naM. 6 mAM "abhiSekane bAra varSa thaye meM dharmalipi lakhAvI' evo ullekha Ave che. A ullekho parathI azoke bAra varSe dharmalipio lakhAvI ane e dharmalipio te upara jaNAvelA zailalekha hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. zailalekha naM. 1 ane 2 paNa e varSe lakhAyA lAge che. A cAra lekho vacce viSayano ke lekhanane koI kamI rahele na hoI, e lekha alaga alaga rIte lakhAyA lAge che. lekha naM. pa mAM "abhiSekane tera varSa thaye meM dharma-mahAmAtra karyA' evo ullekha Ave che, ethI e lekha e varSe ke e pachI lakhAyo che. lekha naM. 6 thI 13 paNa e varSe lakhAyA haze. lekha naM. 14 A AkhI lekhamAlAnA upasaMhArarUpe hoI cheka chelle, prAya: abhiSekane 14 varSa thaye, lakhAyo lAge che. guphAmAMnA pahelA be lekha abhiSeka varSa 1ranA che. trIjo lekha varSa. 19no che. rumminideI ane niglIvanA staMbhalekha varSa 20nA che. sAta staMbhalekhomAMnA lekha naM. 1, 4, 5 ane 6 varSa 26nA che, jyAre lekha naM. 7 varSa 27ne che. A parathI A lekhamAlAnA pahelA cha lekha varSa 26mAM ane sAtamo lekha varSa 27mAM lakhAyo lAge che. chello lekha eka ja sthaLe ane judA moDamAM kotarAyo. I spaSTata: pAchaLathI umerAya che. bAkInA abhilekha samayanirdeza vinAnA che. enI aMdara AvatA amuka ullekho parathI eno sApekSa samayAnvaya tAravI zakAya. For Private And Personal Use Only

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abhilekhe 35 e aMge be muddA lakSamAM levA jevA che. eka to e ke A lekhamAM lakhAvI' ke "lakhAvyuM" e zabda prayojAyo che te mAtra lakhAvavAnA arthamAM ke kotarAvavAnA arthamAM? dhalI ane jagaDanI lekhamAlAnA pahelA vAkyamAM A dharmalipi amuka parvata para lakhAvI' evA zabda prayojAyA che tema ja rUpanAtha ane sahasarAmanA gauNa zailalekhamAM "parvata para lakhAvo" ane "zilAtaMbha para lakhAvavo" evo zabdaprayoga thayo che e parathI ahIM "lakhAvavuM" zabda "kotarAvavuM" eva arthamAM vaparAto hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. vaLI A ullekha parathI A gauNa zailalekho lakhAyA tyAre parvata uparAMta zilAstaMbha para lekhe kotarAvavAnI prathA pracalita thaI cUkI hovAnuM mAluma paDe che. ne staMbhalekho azokanA abhiSeka varSa 20thI kotaratA hovAnuM jANavA maLyuM che. AthI A gauNa zailalekhomAM azokanI dharmopadezanI AraMbhika kArakirdInuM nirUpaNa hovA chatAM e lekha te pahelAM kotarAyA hoya evuM bhAgye ja saMbhave che. kaliMganA alaga zailalekhamAMya koI samayanirdeza karavAmAM Avyo nathI. e lekha zailakha naM. 1-10 ane 14nI lekhamAlA pachI alaga kotarAyA hoI e zailalekha naM. 1-14nI lekhamAlA pachI lakhAyA hovAnuM spaSTa che. A lekhamAM sarahadI prAMtamAM sUbAgIrI karatA kumArono ullekha hovAthI tema ja te kumArone traNa traNa varSe prAMtamAM pharatA rahevAnI sUcanA hovAthI, A lekha azokanA rAjyakAlanAM chellAM varSo daramyAna lakhAyA hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che, kema ke e kumAro tyAre, prAya: abhiSeka varSa 27 pachI, pukhta vayanA thayA hoya ne bIjuM e ke mukhya zailalekhanA samaye sarahado sAthe sArA saMbaMdha hatA, jyAre 'divyAvadAnamAM jaNAvyA mujaba azokanA rAjyakAlanA chellA bhAgamAM rAhado para azAMti pravartI hatI. taMbhalekha naM. 7mAM e dharmalipi jyAM zilA staMbho ke zilAlako hoya tyAM kotarAvavAno ullekha Ave che e parathI tyAre zilAphalako para lekho kotarAvavAnI prathA pracalita thaI cUkI lAge che; ne gauNa zailalekhamAM mAtra parvatalekho ane zilAstaMbhalekhono ullekha karelo che, zilAphalaka lekhono ullekha karyo nathI. A parathI bairATa phalekha taMbhalekha naM. 7 (varSa 27) pahelAM lakhAyo hovo saMbhave che ne gIga zailakha e phalaka lekhanI pahelAM lakhAyA lAge che. staMbhalekha naM. 7( varSa 27)mAM rAjAnAM pitAnAM tathA devIonAM (rANIonAM) tema ja devIkumAra(rANIothI janmelA rAjakumAra)nAM dAnane ullekha Ave 9. Barua, As'oka and His Inscriptions, pp. 17 f. For Private And Personal Use Only

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ta eka ane enA abhilekhe che. A parathI dvitIya devI (rANI) karuvAkInA dAnane lagato staMbhalekha varSa 27nI pahelAM lakhAyo hovA saMbhave che. saMghabhedanA niSedhane lagatA staMbhalekhamAM tenA samayAMkana mATenuM koI sUcana maLatuM nathI. paraMtu e staMbhalekhAnA vahelAmAM vahelA jJAta varSa arthAt varSa 20nI pahelAM lakhAyo nahi hoya. sAranAthanA staMbhalekhamAM upasatha(upavAsa) dine ullekha Ave che, te mukhya staMbhalekha naM. 5(varSa 26)mAM AvatA upasadinenA ullekhanuM smaraNa karAve che. A parathI A staMbhalekha varSa 26nA arasAmAM lakhAyo hovo saMbhave che. Ama devonA priya priyadarzI rAjAe potAnA vizALa rAjyanAM judAM judAM sthaLoe dharmAcaraNa ane dharmopadezane lagatA judA judA prakAranA ochAmAM ochA ekaMdare pAMtrIsa jeTalA dharmalekha lakhAvyA hovAnuM ane e lekhane parvatA (lo), zilAtaMbhe, zilAphalako athavA guhAbhittio para kotarAvyA hovAnuM mAluma paDe che. emAM ApelA samayanirdeza parathI enI A pravRtti enA abhiSekanA varSa 10thI 27 sudhInA samayamAM ghaNI sakriya hovAnuM jANavA maLe che. 1. A abhilekhamAM jaNAvelAM varSa gata (pUrAM thayelAM) samajavAnAM che, nahi ke vartamAna (cAlu). For Private And Personal Use Only

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3. rAjya ane ene vahIvaTa maurya rAjA azokane pitAmaha caMdragupta ane pitA biMdusArano rAjyavAraso maLyo hato. caMdragupta maurye magadhanA naMda rAjAonuM vizALa rAjya jItI lIdhuM hatuM, paMjAbane videzI zAsanamAMthI mukata karyuM hatuM ne dakSiNamAM maisUra sudhI tema ja pazcimamAM saurASTra sudhI potAnI sattA prasArI hatI. vaLI eNe sikaMdaranA eziyAI mulakonA vArasa seluka pAsethI eriA (herAta), ArakosiyA (kaMdahAra), geDrosiyA (makarANa) ane paropanisadaI (kAbula)nA pradeza paNa meLavyA hatA, je siMdhu nadInI pazcime ane hiMdukuzanI dakSiNe, hAla aphaghAnistAnamAM, AvelA che. biMdusAre A vizALa rAjya sAcavI rAkhyuM. azoke kaliMga jItIne maurya rAjyanI sattA dakSiNapUrvamAM orisA sudhI vistArI. rAjA vistAra-azokanA abhilekhenAM sthAna parathI tema ja abhilekhomAM AvatA ullekho parathI enA rAjyanA vistAra tathA mukhya pradezo vize keTalIka mAhitI maLe che. alabatta A abhilekhe dharmaviSayaka hoI emAM rAjyane vize prAsaMgika ullekhe ja Ave che ne enA abhilekhe paikI hajI keTalAka ajJAta haze. AthI e parathI enA rAjyanA vistAra tathA enA pradezo vize je mAhitI maLe che te saMpUrNa gaNI zakAya nahi. azoka pitAnA rAjya mATe "vijita' (jIte pradeza, vijaya dvArA prApta karelo pradeza) zabda prayoje che ne kahe che ke vijita meTuM (vizALa) che. teramA zailalekhamAM e "rAja-viSaya' ane 'ao ne arthAt rAjAnA pUrNa zAsana nIcenA vistArane ane sarahadI pradezanA alaga alaga ullekha kare che. rAja-viSayamAM e yavana-kamboja, nAka-nAbhayaMti, bhoja-pitinika ane alpa-pulindano samAveza kare che. pAMcamA zailalekhamAM e yavana-kaMboja-gaMdhAra tathA rASTrikapitinikane "aparAMta" arthAta pazcimI sarahadanA pradezo tarIke gaNAve che. A badhA pradeza enA rAjyanI aMdaranA sarahadI prAMta hovAnuM mAluma paDe che (nakazo 2). For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #54
38 azoka ane enA abhilekho A sarahadI prAMtamAM uttaramAM yavana, kaMboja ane gaMdhAra pradeza AvyA hatA. emAM gaMdhAra deza jANIto che. enI rAjadhAnI takSazilA vidyAdhAma tarIke suprasiddha hatI. azoke pote tyAM kumAra tarIke sUbAgIrI karI hatI. enA rAjyakAlamAM paNa tyAM kumArano vahIvaTa cAlu hato. hAla e pazcima paMjAbamAM uttare AvelA rAvaLapiDI jillAmAM takisalA tarIke oLakhAya che. yavana ane kaMboja prAMta enI vAyavya AvyA lAge che. DaoN. derA. bhAMDArakara dhAre che ke mukhya zailalekhanAM sthAna azokanA sarahadI prAtinAM pATanagara sUcave che ne e anusAra zAhabAjagaDhI (jillo pezAvara) e yavana prAMtanuM ane mAnaseharA (jillo hajArA) e kaMboja prAMtanuM vaDuM mathaka lAge che.' paraMtu chellAM thoDAM varSomAM kaMdahAra (dakSiNa aphaghAnistAna) pAse azokanA grIka bhASAmAM lakhelA ne grIka lipimAM kotarelA lekha maLyA che e parathI azokanA rAjayano yavana prAMta kaMdahAranI AsapAsa Avelo hovAnuM phalita thAya che. kema ke tyAre 'yavana' zabda IrAna tathA bhAratamAM grIka loko mATe pracalita hato. AthI sikaMdaranA samayanA lekhakoe jene "AzakoziyA' nAme oLakhAvyo che te pradeza ja azokanA samayamAM "yavana' nAme oLakhAto haze ne tyAre tyAM yavana(grI)nI vasAhata haze. to yavana ane gaMdhAra dezanI bAjumAM jaNAvela kaMboja deza te grIka lekhakoe "paropanisadaI' nAme oLakhAvelo, kAbulanI AsapAsane pradeza hovo joIe. kAbula nadInA DAbA kAMThA para Avela lagAna (lampAka) pAse azokano ArAmI lipimAM lakhelo abhilekha maLyo che. e kaMboja prAMtanuM vaDuM mathaka hovuM saMbhave. zAhabAjagaDhI ane mAnasaherA gaMdhAra prAMtamAM hovA saMbhave che, kema ke gaMdhAra dezano vistAra pazcimamAM puSkalAvatI(pezAvaranI IzAne Avela carasadI)nI AsapAsanA pradeza sudhI hato, jemAM puruSapura (pezAvara)no samAveza thato; pUrva bhAgamAM takSazilA (5. paMjAba) mukhya nagarI hatI. - yavana-kajanI jema nAbhaka-nAbhapatine sAthe jaNAvyA hoI te be pradeza pAsapAse AvyA hovA joIe. brahmavaivarta purANamAM uttarakuru dezamAM nAbhikapura nAme nagara jaNAvyuM che, paraMtu e deza himAlayanI pelI pAra Avelo hoI ahIM baMdha be nahi. DaoN. baruA sUcave che tema nAbhaka pUrva paMjAbamAM Avela nAbhA ane nAbhapaMti e enI najIkamAM Avela patiyALA pradeza hovo joIe. A pradeza haimavata dezomAM gaNAtA (Barua, op. cit., p. 102). e hAlanA himAcala rAjayanI pAse AvelA che. 9. D. R. Bhandarkar, As'oka, p. 32. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #55
rAjya ane ene vahIvaTa pachI Ave che bhoja-pitinika ke rASTrika-pitinika. "pitinika'ne badale 'petenika' pAThAMtara paNa che. A zabdano artha keTalAka pekanika =pratiSThAnika kare che, to te godAvarI taTe Avela prAcIna pratiSThAna (paiThaNa) nagaranI AsapAsanA pradezanA artha darzAve. bIjA keTalAka 'penika'ne artha paitrayaNika (vaMzaparaMparAgata) ghaTAve che ne tene rASTrika tathA bhejanuM vizeSaNa mAne che. ene badale DaoN. baruA sUcave che tema A zabda ahIM rASTrika-putra ane bhojaputronA arthamAM arthAta rASTriko ane bhajonA phAMTAonA arthamAM prayojAyo lAge che (op. cit., p. 84). rASTrika eTale upa-rAja (viceroy), paNa ahIM e jAtivizeSanuM nAma che. pazcima ghATanI guphAomAMnA abhilekhamAM "mahAraDI" ane "mahAbheja' nAme lokono ullekha Ave che te A rASTrika ane bheja loko hovA joIe. mahArASTranA dANA jillAmAMnA sopArA gAma pAse azokanA mukhya zailalekhanI eka prata kotarAI hovAnuM mAlUma paDayuM che. zUparaka (sepArA) je uttara koMkaNanuM prasiddha pATanagara hatuM te tyAre A pazcima sarahadI prAMtanuM vaDuM mathaka haze.3 bheja lokono pradeza vidarbha hato. pazcimI sarahadI prAMtamAM vAyavya sarahada ane koMkaNanI vacce AvelA sauvIra, sidhu, kaccha, surASTra ane lATane gaNAvavAmAM AvyA nathI. paraMtu surASTra maurya rAjyanI prAMta hato. tenuM vaDuM mathaka girinagara (jUnAgaDha pAse) hatuM ne azokanA samayamAM tyAM tuSArpha nAme yavanarAja rASTriya (rAjayapAla) tarIke vahIvaTa karato hato evuM rAjA mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAnA janAgaDha zailalekhamAMthI jANavA maLe che. 1. Bhandarkar, Asoka, p. 33) pAMDeya "tigna#' rUpa le che (kojha ve ami, pR. 8). paraMtu pratiSThAna-utAnamAM 4 che, jyAre A zabdamAM 7 che. vaLI ahIM e zabda jAtivizeSanA arthamAM uddiSTa che, pratiSThAna 401241 Goluzilall 41 2414414 zalesHi atle (Bhandarkar, As'oka, p. 33; Barua, op, cit, p. 83). 2. Bhandarkar, As'oka, p. 34. 3. Bhandarkar, As'oka, pp. 36 f. 4. Barua, op, cit., p. 86. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #56
aka ane enA abhilekho aparAnta dezamAM dakSiNa cheDe azva-pulinda deza AvelA hatA. andha deza godAvarI ane kRSNA nadInI vacce Avyo hato. pulinda e kRSNA ane tuMgabhadrAnI vacce AvelA prAMta lAge che (Barua, op. cit, pp. 90f). azokanA pUrNa zAsana nIcenA 'vijita'nI dakSiNa sImA sUcavate A samasta pradeza ghaNo mahattvane hovo joIe. tyAM mukhya zailalekhanI eka prata eraMguDImAM maLI che. brahmagiri ane siddhapuranA gauNa zailalekho parathI mAlUma paDe che tema A prAMtamAM kumArane vahIvaTa cAlato hoI e azokanA rAjyane mahatvane sarahadI prAMta hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. e samaye A prAMtanuM vaDuM mathaka suvarNagiri hatuM. e mAskI(ji. rAyacura)nI dakSiNe Avela kanakagiri hovA saMbhave che. A prAMtanA peTA vibhAga isilanuM vaDuM mathaka isila siddhapuranI samIpamAM AvyuM manAya che. brahmagiri, siddhapura ane jaTiMga-rAmezvarano samAveza A vibhAgamAM thato haze. govimaTha ane pAkiMguMDa paNa e prAMtamAM ja haze. eguDI ane enI uttare Avela rAjula-khaMDagiri kRSNA nadInI dakSiNe hovA chatAM teno samAveza A prAMtamAM thata haze. azokanA rAjyanA dakSiNa-pUrva bhAgamAM kaliMga prAMta Avyo hato. e hAlanuM orisA che. e prAMtanI pATanagarI tasalI hatI, te hAla dhalI tarIke oLakhAya che. e orisAnA purI jillAmAM bhuvanezvaranI dakSiNe AveluM che. samApA nAme bIjI nagarI kaliMgamAM hatI, te dakSiNe hAla AMdhra pradezamAM AvelA gaMjAma jillAmAM Avela jagaDha che. mukhya zailekhanI prata A baMne sthaLoe kotarelI che; ne puravaNInA lekhomAM rAjAe te te nagarInA mahAmAtrone AjJA karI che. pUrva bhAratamAM azokanA rAjyano vistAra kyAM sudhI hato e nakkI karavuM muzkela che. azokanA staMbhalekha ane guphAlekha bihAramAM maLyA che ne e to enA rAjyanA mukhya pradeza hato. paraMtu baMgALA ane AsAmamAM azokano koI abhilekha maLyo nathI. pAli itihAsagraMtho tAmraliptine azokanI rAjadhAnI 1. abhilekhamAM pAriMda'-'pAladarUpa prayojAyAM che. bhADAkaraka pAriMda ane puliMdane judA gaNe che (Asoka, pp. 36 .) paraMtu baruAe batAvyuM che tema A pAriMda ke pArada ane puliMda eka hovA saMbhave che (op. cit, pp. 90 f.). 2. Bhandarkar, As'oka, p. 36. 3-4. Raychaudhuri, op. cil, p. 371, fun. 1. For Private And Personal Use Only

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rAjya ane enA vahIvaTa sAthe sAMkaLe che.` tAmralipti e dakSiNa baMgALamAM AveluM suprasiddha baMdara hatuM, jyAMthI magadhanA loko paNa silAna javA vahANamAM besatA. cInI pravAsI phA-jJAna paNa tAmralipti ane pATaliputra vaccenA gADha saMbaMdhane samarthana Ape che. karTiyasa vagere grIka lekhako gAMgapradeza(baMgALa)ne prAcya pradeza(magadha)nA rAjyanA antargata bhAga gaNAve che. yuana vAMga to tAmralipti uparAMta karNasuvarNa (pazcima baMgALa), samataTa ( pUrva baMgALa) ane puNDavardhana(uttara baMgALa)mAM azokanA stUpa joyAnuM noMdhe che. chatAM samataTa (pUrva baMgALA) ane kAmarUpa (AsAma) para magadhanI sattA azekanA samayamAM nahi, paNa AgaLa jatAM samudraguptanA samayamAM prasarI heAvI saMbhave che. dakSiNa ke pazcima baMgALAmAM azAkanA abhilekha bhaviSyamAM maLe paNa kharA. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir uttaramAM azokanuM rAjya nepAla sudhI vistRta hatuM. enA be staMbhalekha nepAlanI tarAImAM maLyA che. evI rIte uttara pradezanA uttara bhAgamAM Avela deharAdUna jillAnA kAlasI gAmamAM paNa azokanA abhilekha (cauda zaila abhilekha) maLyA che. AthI azokanA rAjyanA vistAra uttaramAM himAlayanI girimALA sudhI sudha hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. 11 Ama azokanuM rAjya ghaNuM vizALa hatuM. emAM hAlanA bhAratanA tAmilanADu ane keraLa tathA AsAma sivAyanAM badhAM rAjyonA pradezane samAveza thatA hatA, jyAre uttaramAM e nepAlane ane uttara pazcime pazcima pAkistAna uparAMta aphaghAnistAnanA pUrva bhAgane AvarI letuM hatuM. sarahadI rAjyo : azekanA abhilekhAmAM pratyanta (sarahadI) rAjyonA be samUhonA ullekha Ave che, je enA vijitanI bahAra AvelA hatA (nakaze 2 ). 1-4. Barua, op. cit., p. 65. 5. Barua, op. cit., p. 110. nIcenA (dakSiNanA) samUhamAM cALa, pAMDaya, satyaputra, keralaputra ane tAmraparNI sudhInAM rAjayonA samAveza thatA. cALa pradeza andhra ane pAMDaya pradezanI vacce Avyo hato. pUrvamAM e koromaMDala samudrataTa sudhI, uttaramAM prAya: pennAra nadI sudhI ane dakSiNamAM kAverI nadI sudhI vistRta hatA.pa dakSiNa bhAgamAM enuM pATanagara uragapura (ujjaimura --ji. tricinApAlI) hatuM, jyAre uttara bhAgamAM enuM pATanagara For Private And Personal Use Only

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42 azoka ane enA abhilekhe ArkoTa hovuM saMbhave che. uttaramAM tAMjora pradezane emAM samAveza thato.* coLa pradezanA loka dramila (draviDa) tarIke oLakhAtA. pAMDya pradeza coLanI dakSiNe Avelo hato. enuM pATanagara madurA hatuM. uttaramAM e kAverI nadI sudhI vistRta hato ne hAlanA koImbatura jillAno temAM samAveza thato. paraMtu dakSiNamAM eno vistAra kyAM sudhI hato e nizcita thayuM nathI, kema ke keTalAka enI pAra jaNAvela tAmraparNA pradeza te silona evuM mAne che, to bIjA keTalAka ene madurAnI dakSiNe bhAratanI aMdara Avelo tinnevelI pradeza mAne che.* satyaputra ane keralaputra nAme pradeza coLa ane pAMDanI pazcime AvelA hatA ne e pazcima samudranA malabAra kinArA sudhI vistarelA hatA. enA nAmanA putra zabda parathI e pradezanAM nAma uttaramAMthI sthaLAMtara karIne tyAM AvI vaselA satya ane kerala nAme jAtionA nAma parathI paDyAM lAge che. AmAM "keralaputra" e spaSTata: hAlanuM kerala che. e satyaputranI dakSiNe ane pAMDanI pazcime AveluM hatuM. keralane 'cera" paNa kahetA. satyaputra pradeza kerala pradezanI uttare, coLa pradezanI pazcime ane brahmagiri(maisUra)nI dakSiNe hato. abhilekhamAM tAmraparNone spaSTata: 'dvIpa' tarIke oLakhAvyo nathI. chatAM te silona hoya e vizeSa saMbhavita che.* sarahadI rAjayone bIjo samUha uttara pazcime Avelo hato, je 600 yojana sudhI vistRta hato. emAM sahuthI najIkamAM aMtiyoka nAme yavanarAjanuM rAjya AveluM hatuM ne enI pAra turamAya, aMtekina, maga ane alikasudara nAme cAra rAjAonAM rAjya AvelAM hatAM. AmAM yavanarAja aMtiyo, te sIriyAno grIka rAjA aMtiyokasa bIjo-thIosa che. sikaMdaranA sAmrAjyanA bhAgalA paDatAM emAMnA eziyAI mulako para potAnI sattA jamAvanAra seluka niketoro e pautra hato ne pazcima eziyAmAM sIriyAthI mAMDIne cheka bAlika (balba-hiMdukuza pAse) sudhI sattA 9. Bhandarkar, op. cit., p. 42. 2. Barua, op. cit., p. 110. 3. Bhandarkar, op. cit., pp. 42 f. 7. Barua, op. cit., pp. 112 ff. 4. Bhandarkar, op. cit., pp. 41 f. 6. Mookerji, Asoka, p. 132. For Private And Personal Use Only

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rAjya ane ene vahIvaTa 43 dharAvato. e I.pU. 221thI 246 sudhI rAjapade hato. turamAya arthAta tulabhAya te misarane grIka rAjA TolemI 2 jo philADelphasa hato. eNe I.pU. 285 thI 247 sudhI rAjya karyuM. aMtekina ke aMtekinI e grIsa pAse Avela makaduniyAne rAjA aMtigonasa gotasa che. e I.pU. 278 ke 277 ke 276 thI 239 sudhI rAjapade hato. maga e uttara AphrikAmAM Avela sIrInI dezane rAjA magasa (lagabhaga I.pU. 285--258) che. alikasudara arthAt alikasuMdaranA abhijJAna mATe be mata che. ghaNA vidvAnonA mate e grIsamAMnA epirasa rAjyane rAjA alakasaMdara (I.pU. 272thI 255) che, to bIjA keTalAkanA mata mujaba e grIsamAMnA koriMtha rAjyano rAjA alakanaMdara (I.pU. 25--lagabhaga 244) che." A cAreya rAjone aMtilokanA rAjyanI samIpanAM kahelAM che. Ama azoka dakSiNe silona sudhI ane uttara-pazcime sIriyA, makaduniyA, grIsa ane uttara AphrikA sudhInAM samakAlIna rAjyo sAthe saMparka dharAvato. - rAjyanA aMtargata pradeze -azoka sAmAnya rIte pitAne "devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA tarIke oLakhAve che. bairATa phalaka lekhamAM e pitAne 'magadhane rAjA priyadarzI' kahe che. pAMcamA zilalekhanI giranAra pratamAM tema ja prAya: sAranAthanA staMbhalekhamAM e pATaliputrane paNa ullekha kare che. magadha (dakSiNa bihAra) enA rAjAne mULa ane mukhya pradeza hato ane pATaliputra (paTanA) enuM pATanagara hatuM (nakaze 2). vijitanI aMdara AvelA anya pradezomAM pazcima sarahadanAM rAjayono ullekha upara AvI gayo che. emAM yavana, kaMboja, gaMdhAra, rASTika-pekenika, bheja-penika ane andha-pulindano samAveza thato, dakSiNa-pUrve kaviga (orisa), uttare nepAla ane prAyaH pUrvamAM karNasuvarNa pradeza Avelo hato. 9-3. Bhandarkar, op. cit., p. 48; Mookerji, Agoka, p. 166; Raychaudhuri, op. cit., p. 331; Mookerji; AIU, p. 88; Thapar, op. cit, pp. 40 f. 4. eno samaya nizcita nathI. lagabhaga I.pU. 300thI lagabhaga I.pU. 250 mukAyo che (Bhandarkar, op. cir, p. 49). tenuM mRtyu I.pU. 258mAM thayuM e vadhu saMbhavita che (Mookerji, AAU, pp. 93 f.); basAka lagabhaga 285-258 I.pU.' Ape che (Asokan Inscriptions, p. 75). 4. Bhandarkar, op. cit., p. 49; Barua, op. cit., p. 7 Basak, op. cit., p. 75; Thapar, op. cit., p. 41. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #60
4 azoka ane enA abhilekhA magadha ane karNasuvarNanA samAveza bhAratanA prAcya (pUrva) dezamAM thatA. enI pazcime madhya deza AvelA hatA. emAM kuru-paMcAla, kAzI-kozala, matsya vagere pradezanA samAveza thatA. A dezanA vistAra uttaramAM kAlasInA zailalekhA ane lauriyA naMdanagaDha tathA rAmapuravAnA staMbhalekhAthI dakSiNamAM sahasarAma, aharaurA ane rUpanAthanA zailalekhAthI ne pazcimamAM meraTha ane ToparAnA staMbhalekhAthI tema ja bairATa ane gujarAnA zailalekhAthI sUcita thAya che. sAranAtha ane kauzAMbIno samAveza enI aMdara thA. kauzAMbI vatsadezanI ane bairATa ( virAnaTagara) matsya dezanI pATanagarI hatI.1 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir pazcima dezamAM surASTra ane koMkaNanA samAveza thatA. A samasta vibhAganA mukhya pradeza avanti hatA, jenI pATanagarI ujjiyanI (ujajana) hatI. vidizA (jenI najIkamAM sAMcI Avela che) Akara(pUrva mAlava)nI pATanagarI hatI. madhya deza ane prAcya dezanI dakSiNe vidhna deza gaNAto. rUpanAtha, aharaurA ane sahasarAmanA zailalekhA enI uttara sImA sUcave che, jyAre sAMcIno staMbhalekha enI pazcima sImA darzAve che. dakSiNe e narmadA ane mahA nahI sudhI vistRta hatA.3 dakSiNa dezamAM kaliMga ane andha-pulindanA samAveza thatA. e samasta vibhAganuM vaDuM mathaka suvarNagiri hatuM.Y vidhdhadezamAM tathA anya pradezamAM aTavi ( jaMgala) pradeza AvelA hatA. azAkanA abhilekhA mukhyata: rASTravyApI pravRttione lagatA hAI ne emAM prAdezika ke sthAnika bAbatA bhAgye ja AvatI hAI, emAM enA rAjyanI aMdaranA pradezA ke vahIvaTI vibhAgAnA jUja ullekha ja Ave che. rAjataMtra-mauryakAlIna rAjyataMtra tathA vahIvaTa vize kauTilyanA 'arthazAstra '. mAMthI tathA caMdragupta mauryanA darabAramAM rahelA sIriyAnA grIka elacI megasthanInA lupta graMthanAM upalabdha avatarAmAMthI je mAhitI maLe che, tenA saMdarbhamAM azAkanA abhilekhAmAM AvatA ene lagatA keTalAka prAsaMgika ullekha ThIka ThIka upayogI nIvaDe che. 1-5 Barua, op. cit,, Chapter Ill. For Private And Personal Use Only .

Page #61
rAjaya ane ene vahIvaTa emAM pitAnA vijitamAMnI prajAne 'jAnapado' tarIke ne antargata sarahadI rAjanI prajAne tema ja bahAranAM svataMtra sarahadI rAjyonI prajAne "a" tarIke oLakhAvI che. azoka pitAnA zAsana nIcenA rASTrano 'vijita" ke "vijaya tarIke oLakhAve che. emAM magadha, gaMdhAra vagere dezo uparAMta pATaliputra, takSazilA, kauzAMbI, ujajayinI, tasalI, samApA, suvarNagiri, Isila jevAM nagaro ane nagarI ono ullekha Ave che. keTalAka abhilekhonAM sthAna parathI bIjAM amuka nagaro sUcita thAya che, jema ke lumbinI parathI kapilavastu, mAnaseharA parathI rAjapura, zAhabAjagaDhI parathI pukarAvatI, kAlasI parathI zudana, giranAra parathI girinagara, sopArA parathI zUrpAraka, bairATa parathI virATanagara, sAMcI parathI vidizA, barAbara parathI gayA ane sAranAtha parathI vArANasI.1 rAjAno vidhisara rAjayAbhiSeka thato. azokanA rAjyakAlanI ghaTanAonAM varSa rAjayAbhiSekanA varSathI gaNAtAM. enA abhilekhamAM punarvasu ane tiSya (puSya) nakSatrane aneka vAra ullekha Ave che. emAMnuM eka rAja-nakSatra ane bIjuM deza-nakSatra haze; e bemAM tiSyane mahimA vadhAre hoI, e rAjAnuM janmanakSatra hovuM saMbhave che. rAjAno rAjyAbhiSekadina dara varSe UjavAta ne tyAre TUMkI keda-sajA pAmelA kedIone mukata karavAmAM AvatA.3 - azokanuM praja-vAtsalya-rAjA tarIke azoka prajA tarapha ghaNuM vAtsalya dharAvato. kaliMganA alaga zailalekhomAM e kahe che, "sarva manuSya mArI saMtati che. jevI rIte huM mArAM saMtAno mATe icchuM ke teo A lokanAM tema ja paralokanA hitasukha pAme, tevI rIte huM sarva manuSyonI bAbatamAM paNa icchuM chuM.' jethI teo pAme ke jevo pitA tevo ApaNo rAjA che; te jevI pitAnA para anukaMpA dharAve tevI ApaNA para anukaMpA dharAve che. jevAM saMtAna, tevAM ApaNe rAjAnAM chIe.' rAjAzAstramAM rAjyAbhiSeka pAmelA rAjAne sarvavidha sattAdhikAra rahelA hatA, paraMtu vAstavika amalamAM maMtrIonI pariSadanAM maMtavyone lakSamAM levAM Avazyaka gaNAtAM. rAjA tarIke azaka prajAjanone lagatA kAmakAja tarapha ghaNuM dhyAna ApatA. zailakha naM. 6mAM e jaNAve che ke kAmanA nikAla ane vijJApana mATe huM mane 1. Barua, op. cit., p. 126. 2. Bhandarkar, op. cit., p. 11. 3. staMbhalekha naM. 5. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #62
46 azoka ane enA abhilekha sarva kAle ane sarvatra maLavAnI chUTa ApuM chuMmahAmAtrane kaMI tAkIdanuM kAma sapAyuM heya ne e bAbatamAM pariSadamAM kaMI vivAda (matabheda) ke punarvicAraNA upasthita thAya to te mane tarata ja jaNAvavuM, kema ke huM sarvalokahitane sathI moTuM kartavya mAnuM chuM. enAthI moTuM koI karma nathI. prajAjanonA kAmakAjanI bAbatamAM azoka kAma karatAM dharAto nahi ne te kaheto ke huM je kaMI karuM chuM te bhUtanA (prANIonA) traNamAMthI mukata thavA mATe. azoke kaliga deza jItyo tyAre tema karatAM lAkho mANasone je khuvArI ane herAnagati thaI tenAthI tene pAra vinAno saMtApa ane pazcAttApa thayo. AthI eNe jAhera karyuM ke je kaI tephAna karaze, tene jeTaluM mApha karI zakAya teTaluM mApha karavAmAM Avaze. potAnA rAjyanI aTavI (jaMgala) sAthe paNa e anunayanI nIti rAkhe che ne chatAM te spaSTata: pazcAttApamAM potAne prabhAva darzAvI teoe zaramAvuM joIe ne tophAna karavAM na joIe e spaSTa kare che.' astrathI meLavAtA vijayane eNe nivArya hoya tyAM sudhI nivAravA ne anivArya bane tyAre paNa temAM sahanazIlatA ane haLavI sajAnuM valaNa apanAvavA bhalAmaNa karI che. ene badale e dharmavijayane cAhato, je sarvatra prItirasathI bharelo hoya che. azoka sajA pAmelA aparAdhIo tarapha anukaMpA dharAvato. aMgacchedanI rUe cA chedanI sajA pAmelA aneka aparAdhIone e cakSudaMna ApatI arthAta cakSachedanI sajA mApha karato. kyAreka prANadAna sudhInI kRpA karato. kedIone e rAhatanA traNa divasa Apato, jethI e daramyAna emanA sagAMsaMbaMdhIo teonI dehAMtadaMDanI sajA haLavI karAve zake ne teo pite dAna upavAsa vagere vaDe paralokanuM pAtheya bAMdhI zake.' pitAnA rAjamAM tema ja AsapAsanAM bIjAM rAjyomAM rAjA azoke manuSyo tathA pazu mATe davAdArUnI sagavaDa karI ne auSadha tarIkenI vanaspati jyAM jyAM na hoya tyAM tyAM maMgAvIne ropAvI. rastAo para dara ATha kose kUvA khodAvyA 1-2. zailalekha naM. 13. 3-4. staMbhalekha naM. 2. 5. staMbhalekha naM. 4. 6. zailakha naM. 2. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #63
rAjya ane ene vahIvaTa ne vRkSa ropAvyAM.1 AMbAvADIo ropAvI ne ArAmagRha baMdhAvyAM tathA vArigRha karAvyAM.2 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 3 prANIo taraphanuM vAtsalya-azokanuM vAtsalya manuSyo pUratuM maryAdita nahotuM. e sarva prANIo tarapha sahAnubhUti ane vAtsalya dharAvatA. yajJA, mijabAnIvALA meLAvaDAo ane rAjaraseDAmAM thatA bhAjana mATe thatA prANIonA vadhanI eNe manAI pharamAvI. AgaLa jatAM aneka pazuo paMkhIo jaLacaro ane nAnAM jIvajaMtuone avadhya jAhera karyAM. temAM bhejana auSadhi vagere kAmamAM na AvatAM tamAma cApagAMnA, gAbhaNI tathA dudhALI mAdAonA ane cha mahinAnI umara sudhInAM baccAMnA samAveza thatA.4 uparAMta jIvavALA thUlAne tathA prANIothI bharelAM jaMgalAne bALavAnI paNa manAI pharamAvI.pa parvadinAe mAchalAM tathA jAnavarone vadhu aTakAvyo. nIyo nIyasa makSaLane badale nIvena nIce no tartAvace( nIcena nIvo na poSitasthyaH)nI bhalAmaNa karI. peAte upadezelA anAramo prALAnaM (prANIonA avadha ) e upadezavacanane amalamAM mUkayuM. evI rIte viddosA mUtAnaM (bhUtAne IjA na karavI te) e upadezavacana aMge paNa azoke ghaNAM pagalAM lIdhAM. kUkaDAnI khasI karavI nahi, parvAdinAe AkhalA, bakarA, gheTA, Dukkara vagere prANIone khasI karavI nahi ane parvadinAe ghoDAone ane baLadone DAma devA nahi evI AjJAo pharamAvI.cha 1-2. zailalekha naM. 2; staMbhalekha naM. 7. 3. zailekha naM. 1. 4-6. staMbhalekha naM. 5. 7. staMbhalekha naM. 5. 8. zailalekha naM. 2. 9-10. staMbhalekha naM. 7. vaLI ege prANIonA sukha mATe keTalAMka racanAtmaka pagalAM lIdhAM. auSadhinA prabaMdha teNe manuSyonI jema pazuo mATe paNa karyo. kUvA ane vRkSAnI sagavaDa paNa manuSyo tema ja pazuo mATe karAvI. vArigRhonI sagavaDa paNa manuSyo uparAMta pazuo mATe karAvI.10 A mAhitI staMbhalekha naM.5mAM vigate ApI che. adhikArIo -- ATalA vizALa rAjyanA vahIvaTa mATe rAjAe aneka moTAnAnA - adhikArI nImavA paDatA. 47 For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #64
aoka ane enA abhilekho kumAramahatvanA prAMti mATe kumAranI nimaNUka karavAmAM AvatI. takSazilA, ujajayinI, suvarNagiri ane tasalImAM kumAra (rAjaputra) ke Aryaputra (rAjapitAnA putra, rAjAnA bhAI) nimAyA hatA. surASTranA rAjyapAla tarIke yavanarAja tuSArphanI nimaNUka thaI hatI. puraSa-"arthazAstramAM jene "amAtya" kahe che, tene mATe azokanA abhilekhamAM 'puruSa' (rAjapuruSa) zabda prayojAyo che. staMbhalekha naM. 1mAM utkRSTa, nikRSTa ane madhyama ema traNa prakAranA puruSono ullekha Ave che. maMtrI maMtraNA karI salAha ApanAra puruSa(amAtya)ne "maMtrI' kahetA. pariSada rAjA ane mahAmAtro athavA mahAmAtra ane mahAmAtra vaccenA matabhedanI maMtraNA pariSadamAM arthAt maMtrI-pariSadamAM karavAmAM AvatI. pariSada yukatone sUcanA ApatI. pariSadamAM rAjAnA maukhika Adezo tathA tAkIdanAM kAmonI vicAraNA thatI ne tene nirNaya rAjAne prativedakoe tAtkAlika jaNAvavo evI azoke sUcanA ApelI.3 mahAmAtra-kAryavAhaka puruSo(amAnya)mAM je je mukhya hoya te sahune mahAmAtra' kahetA. anyatra ene "mahAmAtya" ke "pradhAna' kahetA. kendrIya rAjyataMtramAM judAM judAM khAtAnA vaDA tarIke paNa mahAmAtra nimAtA. arthazAstramAM khAtAnA vaDA mATe "adhyakSa' zabda prayojAyo che, jema ke suvarNAdhyakSa, koThAgArAdhyakSa, pAyAdhyakSa, AyudhAgArAdhyakSa, zulkAdhyakSa, surAdhyakSa, gaNikAdhyakSa, mudrAdhyakSa vagere. azokanA abhilekhamAM amuka khAtAMnA mahAmAtrone ullekha Ave che. abhipekane tera varSa thaye, eNe dharma-mahAmAtronI niyukita karI. agAu A koI . prabaMdha nahoto. rAjyataMtramAM A sudhAro azoke dAkhala karyo. te sarva saMpradAyamAM dharmanI sthApanA tathA abhivRddhi thAya, sarva varNamAM dharmakatanuM hita-sukha thAya, sarva saMpradAyomAM paraspara sahiSNutA ane sadbhAva khIle ane dareka saMpradAyanA sAra(tattva)nI vRddhi thAya, pravajita tathA gRhastha 1. kaliMgane alaga zailalekha naM. 1; gauNa zailalekha naM. 1 (brahmagiri ane siddhapura). 2. rudradAmAne jUnAgaDha zailalekha. 3. zailalekha naM. 6. 4. zailalekha naM. 5. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #65
rAjya ane ene vahIvaTa 49 para anekavidha anugraha karavAmAM Ave, rAjakuTuMbamAM rAjA rANIo, rAjakumAra tathA rAjakumArI bomAM dAna tathA dharmanI bhAvanA vikase, aparAta(pazcima sarahada)nA pradezamAM dharmanI vRtti khIle ane kedIone ghaTita rAhata ApavAmAM Ave enuM dhyAna rAkhatA. keTalAka mahAmAtra strI adhyakSa tarIke pharaja bajAvatA. te khAsa karIne rAjAnA antaryaza(aMta:pura)nuM dhyAna rAkhe che. strI-adhomAM garikAdhyakSono paNa samAveza thato haze. rAjakulamAM tathA samAja mAM jA nI nIti sadAcAra)nuM dhoraNa jaLavAI rahe ne temAM dharmanI bhAvanA khIlatI rahe te mATe A strIo tarapha khAsa dhyAna ApavAnI jarUra manAtI. evI rIte keTalAka mahAmAtra vrajabhUmi arthAt gArabhUminuM dhyAna rAkhatA.2 kauTilyanA 'arthazAstramAM ene 'vipItAdhyakSa' kahyA che. e godhyakSanI paNa pharaja bajAvatA haze. sarahada saMbhALatA maDAmAtra 'ata-mahAmAtra' kahevAtA. mahAmAtrAnA evA bIjA paNa nikA (varga) hatA. dUta-mauryakAlamAM magadhanA rAjAne AsapAsanAM videzI rAja sAthe gADha saMbaMdha hato. caMdragupta mauryanA pATanagaramAM sIriyAnA grIka rAjA aMtiyoka( 1lA)no grIka elacI megasthanI raheto. biMdusAranA samayamAM sIriyAnA rAjAe dImAko nAme elacI ane misaranA rAjA telemI 2 jAe dAyonisiyo nAme elacI mokalele. azoka maurSe yavana, kaMboja vagere sarahadI prAMtamAM tema ja sIriyA, misara, makaduniyA, sIrinI ane grIsamAM tathA caLa7 pAMDava vagere dakSiNanAM rAjyamAM dUta (elacI) mekalelA. tyAM tyAM A dUta azokanuM dharmAnuzAsana prasAratA. azoka ene dharmavijaya gaNato ne te mATe gaurava anubhavato. 1--2. zailalekha naM. 12. 3. staMbhalekha ne. 1. 4. zailalekha ne. 12. 4. Raychaudhuri, op. cit., pp. 273 f. 6. ejana, pR. 29. -8. zailalekha naM. 13. a0 4 For Private And Personal Use Only

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50 azaka ane enA abhilekho prAMtika vahIvaTa -rAjapanA mahatvanA prAMtonA vahIvaTa mATe Aryaputra ke kumArane nImavAmAM AvatA. suvarNagirimAM Aryaputra ane takSazilA tathA ujajayinImAM kumAra vahIvaTa saMbhALatA. rAjAnA prAMta mATe sAmAnyataH "rAja-viSaya' zabda prayojAta; emAM yavana-kambeja ane andra-pulinda jevA pradezone samAveza thato. zailakha naM.3mAM prAMtika vahIvaTanA saMdarbhamAM yukata, rajajuka ane prAdezika nAme traNa prakAranA ucca adhikArIono ullekha Ave che. teo dara pAMca varSe pitapatAnI hakUmatanA pradezamAM pravAsa karatA ne tyAMnA lokonA saMparkamAM rahetA. yukata ane upayukata nAme adhikArIono ullekha kauTilyanA arthazAstra'(2,5)mAM Ave che. guptakAlIna dAnazAsanamAM "Ayukataka' ane 'viniyukataka ullekha Ave che te A be adhikArIonA arthamAM lAge che. yukata eTale ucca zreNInA saciva evo artha vadhAre paDato vyApaka che; tema koza (khajAnA) khAtAnA adhikArI e artha vadhAre maryAdita lAge che. yukato e rajajuko ane prAdezikonI nIcenA adhikArIo haze, kadAca tAlukAnA mAmalatadAra jevA haze. teo rAjakozanI vyavasthA karatA, mahesUla ugharAvatA ne teno hisAba rAkhatA, mahesUlamAM vadhAro thavAno saMbhava hoya tyAre tyAre kharca karavAnI sattA dharAvatA. chevAyelI milakata pAchI maLe tyAre te yukatonI dekharekha nIce rahetI. pariSada yukatone prajAjanonI Avaka tathA milakata gaNavAnuM ne noMdhavAnuMya soMpatI. kauTilyanA arthazAstra (2, 6)mAM rajajune rAjyanA mahesUla(Avaka)nuM eka sAdhana jaNAvyuM che. "kurudharmo-jAtaka'mAM rajajuka eTale rajaju doraDA)no upayoga karIne jamInanI mApaNI karanAra amAtya evuM spaSTa karavAmAM AvyuM che. A anusAra rajajuka samAhartA( kalekaTara)nA hAtha nIceno land-surveyor (jamIna-mojaNIdAra) gaNAya. paraMtu azokanA abhilekhamAM to ene ullekha ghaNA moTA adhikArI tarIke Ave che. rajajukone lAkho mANaso para dhyAna rAkhavA nImavAmAM AvatA. teone inAma tathA daMDa aMge azoka pUrNa sattA Apato, jethI teo potAnI pharaja AtmazraddhApUrvaka adA karI zake ne janapadanA janonuM hitasukha sAdhI zake. bIjI bAju teo rAjAne tema ja rAjAnI icchA jAgatA puruSo(rAjapuruSa)ne javAbadAra rahetA. jema koI potAnuM saMtAna kuzaLa dhAtrI(dAI, dhAva)ne soMpI nizcita rahe tema azoka pitAnI prajAnuM hitasukha rajajukone sepato. nyAya cUkavavAmAM tathA daMDa karavAmAM teo samAna 1. Barua, op. cil, pp. 191 ft. 2. Ibid., pp. 192 ft For Private And Personal Use Only

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rAjya ane enA vahIvaTa nIti rAkhe tema rAjA icchatA. A parathI rajuko jamInamApaNI tema ja nyAya khAtAnI ucca sattA dharAvatA. teo samAhartA(kalekaTara)nI sattA uparAMta rAjyapAla jevA ucca adhikArInI sattA dharAvatA.1 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir * 'prAdezika' eTale 'pradeza 'ne adhikAra dharAvatA adhikArIo e spaSTa che, paraMtu ahIM 'pradeza' zabda kayA arthamAM uSTi che te vivAdagrasta che. 'pradeza' zabdane prAMta jevA arthamAM laI, keTalAka 'prAdezika'nA artha prAMtika sUbA ke rAjyapAla jevA kare che. te pachI rajuka ane prAdezika vacce phera ze? rajuka rAjyanI aMdaranA prAMtAnA vaDA adhikArI ane prAdezika sImA paranA prAMtAnA vaDA adhikArI evA artha sUcavAyA che. paraMtu e mAtra aTakaLa che. kauTilyanA 'arthazAstra 'mAM 'pradeSTA' (2,35) nAme adhikArInA ullekha Ave che. tyAM te phojadArI mukadmAnA cukAdA pharamAvanAra nyAyAdhikArI arthAta maeNjisTreTane artha dharAve che. pradeza samAhartAnI sUcanA anusAra nAnAmoTA vahIvaTI vibhAgAmAM anya adhikAra paNa dharAvatA. AthI prAdezika e rajuka ane yukatanI vaccenA adhikAra dharAvatA adhikArI hAvAnuM mAlUma paDe che. 11 yukato, rajuko ane prAdezikoe pAMca pAMca varSe potapotAnA vahIvaTI vistAramAM anusa yAna arthAta tapAsa mATenA pravAsa karatA rahevAnA hatA. nagara-vyAvahArika--kaliMganA prathama alaga abhilekhamAM nagara-vyavahAraka mahAmAtrAne saMbodhavAmAM AvyA che. 'nagara-vyavahAraka' zabda kauTilyanA 'arthazAstra'mAM prayojAyelA ' pauravyAvahArika' paryAya che. e nagarapAlakanA artha dharAvatA 'nAgarika ' nahi, paNa nagaranA nyAyAlayanuM kArya saMbhALatA nagara-nyAyAdhIza hatA. nagaramAM AvA eka nahi, paNa aneka nagara-vyavahAraka nImavAmAM AvatA.4 1. Ibid, pp. 192 ff. 2. Ibid., pp. 194 ff. 3-4. Ibid., p. 203, sudhArAvadhArA--pitAmaha caMdragupta mauryanA samayamAM je rAjyataMtra vikaseluM te te azokanA samayamAMya cAlu hatuM. enA abhilekhAmAM te emAMnI amuka bAbatonA prAsaMgika ullekha Ave che eTaluM ja. inDikA kauTilyanA 'arthazAstra' parathI tema ja grIka elacI megasthanInI parathI maurya sAmrAjayanA rAjyataMtranI UMcI chApa paDe che. rAjA, maMtrIo, maMtrI pariSada, For Private And Personal Use Only

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azoka ane enA abhilekha vividha adhikaraNo( khAtAM)nA adhyakSa, anya saciva, guptacaze, prAMtika vahIvaTa, nagarane ane gAmano vahIvaTa ityAdi vize suvikasita rAjyataMtra pravartatuM.' dharma, dayA ane anukaMpAthI prerAI azoke emAM keTalAka sudhArAvadhArA dAkhala karyA. rAjayamAM prANIonA vadha ane prANIone thatI IjAnI bAbatamAM ghaNA pratibaMdha mUkyA. dA.ta. bali mATe thatI prANI-hatyAnI manAI pharamAvI, jemAM hiMsA thatI hoya tevA meLAvaDAnI manAI karI, rAjarasoDAmAM bhejana mATe thatA prANIonA vadhane lagabhaga baMdha karAvyo, ghaNAM prANIone avadhya jAhera karyo, parvadinee matsyavadhanI manAI karI, parvadinee ghoDAone zAne baLadone DAma daI cihana karavAnI manAI pharamAvI, parvadinee bakarA, gheTA, Dukko vagerene khasI karavAnI manAI karI, kUkaDAnI khasI karavAnI pharamAvI ane vanamAM AgathI hiMsA karavAno niSedha karyo. TUMkamAM, bane tyAM sudhI " jIvane jIvathI popavA nahi' e niyamane amalamAM mUkyo. agAunA rAjAonI jema azaka paga sArvajanika sagavaDanAM paramArtha-kArya karato. mArga para dara ardhA koNe kUvA khedAvo, mArga para chApA mATe vaDa vagerenAM jhADa ropAvato ane ArAmagRha vagere baMdhAvato. auSadhane upayogI vanaspati maMgAvata ne TheraThera ropAvato. A sarvemAM e mAtra manuSanA ja nahi, pazuonA hitane paNa lakSamAM rAkhatA. Ama azokanI paramArthavRtti bhUtamAtrane AvarI letI. kaliMgano vijaya karatAM thatI pArAvAra khuvArI joIne ke zastravijayane sthAne dharmavijayanI bhalAmaNa karI. zastravijaya anivArya nIvaDe tyAM paNa teNe sahanazIlatA ane haLavA daMDanI bhalAmaNa karI. potAnA rajajukone paNa kedIo tarapha anukaMpA rAkhavA pharamAvyuM. dehAMtadaMDa ane anya daMDa pAmelA tema ja kedamAM 9. Mookerji, AIU, pp. 62 ff. 2. zailalekha naM. 1. 3. staMbhalekha naM. 5. 4. taMbhalekha. naM. 7. 5. zailalekha naM. 2. 6-7. zailalekhane. 13. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #69
rAjaya ane ene vahIvaTa rahevA aparAdhIone kRpAnA traNa divasa ApyA, je daramyAna teo pitAnI mukita mATe athavA potAnA pAralaukika kalyANa mATe kaMI prayatna karI zake. kaliMganA nagara-vyavahArakone paNa aparAdhIo tarapha banatI rahema rAkhavA bhalAmaNa karI. pitAnA janmadivase e amuka prakAranA kedIone choDI mUkatA. rAjayamAM aneka judAM judAM khAtAMnA mahAmAtra hatA, paraMtu dharma mATenA mahAmAtra koI hoddo nahoto. azoke dharma-mahAmAtrano navo hedo dAkhala karI, lokakalyANanI dRSTie rAjataMtramAM eka mahatvane sudhAro dAkhala karyo. dharma-mahAmAtra sarva saMpradAyanA sarva prakAranA dharmiSTha janonuM dhyAna rAkhatA ne vRddha, anAtha, kedI vagere du:khI vargone banatI rAhata ApavA prabaMdha karatA.* azoka sarvalokahitane pitAnuM parama kartavya mAna. prajAjanonA kAmakAjane e sahuthI moTuM kAmakAja gaNata. lokonA kAmane nikAla jaladI thAya te mATe e eTalo Atura rahetA ke e mATe pote samaya ke sthaLanI maryAdA rAkhato nahi. prama kAma e mAhitI ApanAra prativedako pitAne sarva sapo sarvatra maLe tevI chuTa Apo. kaMI paNa tAkIdanuM kAma AvI paDe ke rAjAnI koI AjJA vize maMtrI-pariSadamAM matabheda paDe, to tenI khabara potAne game tyAM ne game tyAre, tarata pahoMcADavA AgaDa rAkho." prajAjano taraphanI pharaja adA karavAmAM ATalo kartavyaparAyaNa rAjavI virava gaNAya. ne chatAM e keTalo namra che! pote A kAryane pitAnuM pApa kartama mAne che, temAM loko para pote upakAra karato nathI, paraMtu teo pratyenA traNamAMthI mukata thavAnI bhAvanA dharAve che." petAnA prajAja aiDika sukha tavA pAralaikika kalyANa pAme tene mATe e haraDo 3-muka rahe che. pote pravAsa karato, teone maLato, teone dharma-bhAvanAne upadeza deto. potAno A saMdeza samasta rAjyamAM sahune pahoMce te mATe zailo ane mo para lekha kotarAvato. paDozanAM rAjyomAM paNa dharmane saMdeza pahoMcA 1. staMbhalekha naM. 4. 2. kaliMganA alaga zailalekha. 3. staMbhalekha naM. 5. 4. zailakha naM. 5. 5-6. zailakha naM. 6. 7. zailakha naM. 8. For Private And Personal Use Only

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azoka ane enA abhilekhe DanArA dUta mokalatA.rajajuko, prAdeziko ane yukatone pAMca pAMca varSe karavAnA pitAnA tapAsa-pravAsa daramyAna potAnI vahIvaTI pharajo uparAMta rAjAnA dharmAnuM zAsanano saMdezo prajAmAM pahoMcADatA rahevAne anurodha karato. yukatane prajAjanA kharacA ne saMgharAnI bAbatamAM gaNatarI rAkhavA mATe pariSada AjJA kare tevI sUcanA paNa ApatA. vaLI rajakone nyAya ane daMDanI bAbatamAM svataMtratA deto, jethI teo potAnI pharajo nirbhaya rIte ane AtmazraddhApUrvaka bajAvI zake.' A sarva pravRttio pAchaLa preraka baLa tarIke potAnI sarva prajA A lokamAM sukha ane paralokamAM kalyANa kevI rIte pAme te bhAvanA rahelI hatI. prajAjanonA sukha-hitanuM ATaluM satata ane sakriya ciMtana karato rAjavI azoka "devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA" ane lokapriya rAjarSi tarIke oLakhAya te svAbhAvika che. 1. zailalekha naM. 13. 2-3. zailalekha naM. 3. 4. staMbhalekha naM. 4. For Private And Personal Use Only

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4. bauddha dharmanA prabhAva azoka naMdavaMza jevA mahAna rAjavaMzanuM unmUlana karanAra caMdragupta mauryanA pautra hato. mahattvAkAMkSA e mahattAnuM preraka baLa che, vijigISA e abhyudaya icchatA rAjAnI sahajavRtti che, saMgrAma e vIra kSatriyanA utsava che, zatruhatyAmAM e gaurava le che, mRgayA e enuM parama vyasana che, mAMsAhAra e ene abhISTa AhAra che evA evA Adarzo sAmAnyata: sarva rAjAo sevatA. hRdayapalaTo-rAjaputra azeke aneka sAvakA bhAIonI hatyA karIne rAjagAdI hastagata karI ne rAjyArohaNa pachI enA rAjyAbhiSeka thatAM cAra varSa lAgyAM e anukAlIna bauddha anuzruti aitihAsika hAya ema jaNAtuM nathI. paraMtu rAjyAbhiSeka thayAne ATha varSa thayAM tyAre azoke kaliMga deza para AkramaNa karI te pradeza jItI lIdhA te tene magadhanA maurya sAmrAjyanA prAMta banAvI dIdhA e hakIkata che. A vijaya karavAmAM doDha lAkha mANasa pakaDAyA, eka lAkha haNAyA ne ethI anekagaNA mAryA gayA. A bhAre khuvArIthI azAkane pArAvAra saMtApa ane pazcAttApa thayo. khAsa karIne je dharmiSTha janA che, temanA koI ne koI mitrA, paricito ke sagAsaMbaMdhIone emAM samAveza thatA hoI e dharmiSTha janAnA dilane du:kha thAya che. AgaLa jatAM azokane A kAraNe pArAvAra saMtApa thAya che, have enAthI sAmA ke hajAramA bhAganA lokone hAni pahoMce tepaNa tene te du:khada lAge tema che ne have e AvA zastravijaya tajI prItirasa bharelA dharmavijayane mArge vaLe che. bauddha dharmanA aMgIkAra -- maurya rAjA azokanA hRdayamAM AvA bhAva-palaTo kevI rIte thayo ? bauddha anuzruti anusAra emAM koI bauddha AmaNanA dharmopadeza nimitta banyo hato. siAnanA bauddha graMtha 'mahAbaMsa'mAM te jaNAvyuM che ke azoke je meTA bhAI yuvarAja sumananI hatyA karelI tenA putra nigrodhe (nyugrodhe ) azAkane bauddha dharmanA aMgIkAra karavA preraNA ApelI.ra sumananA maraNa bAda janmelA nigrodhanI umara tyAre sAta varSanI hatI! ne azeAkanA rAjyAbhiSeka thayAne tyAre cothuM varSa cAlatuM havuM. arthAt kaliMganuM yuddha hajI khelAyuM nahotuM. 'divyAvadAna 'mAM nyodhane 1. zailalekha naM. 13. 2. Mookerji, As'oka, pp. 62 f; Barua, op. cit., pp, 20 ff. For Private And Personal Use Only

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azoka ane enA abhilekhe badale samudra nAme sthaviTanuM nAma ApyuM che. game tema, zarUAtamAM azoka samagra saMghanA nahi, paNa e saMghamAMnI eka prabhAvaka vyakitanA saMparkamAM Avyo lAge che. A samaye pATaliputrano mukhya vihAra "phakkArAma' hato. AgaLa jatAM ane samagra saMghanA saMparkamAM Avyo. e saMghanA agraNI "mahAvaMsa' mujaba tirU moggalipatta (tiSpa mauNalIputra) hatA. A AcArye azokanA dharmaguru tarIke mahattvano bhAga bhajavyo che. 'divyAvadAna'mAM ane cInI pravAsI yuAna zvAMganI 'siyukI'mAM kukumanA saMghanA agraNI ane azokanA baudra guru tarIke umukha nAme magano nirdeza Ave che. upagupta ane nimya mogaliputta eka vyakita hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. game tema ho, azoka pahelethI bauddhadharmo nahoto ne eNe AgaLa jatAM bauddha dharma aMgIkAra karyo e spaSTa che. AgaLa jatAM bauddhoe e pahelAM ke 'caMDAzoka' hato ne have ke "dharmAka' banyo tenI atizayokita marI vAta rajU karI. gaga zaikha naM. 1mAM jaNAvyA mujaba azoka 'upAsaka' (bauddha dharmano anuyAyI) thayA pachI eka varSa sudhI sakriya banyo nahoto. paraMtu te pachI jyAre teNe saMgha (bhimusaMgha) sAthe saMparka sAdhyo arthAta bhikSusaMdha pAse jaI tene satsaMga karyo, tyArathI tene potAnA A navA dharmasaMpradAyamAM sakriya thavAnI preraNA maLI. sakriya upAsaka-azoka rAjAbhiSeka thayAne dasa varSa thayAM tyAre bodhitIrthanI yAtrAe gayo, tyAM teNe zramanAM darzana karI temanI pAsethI dharmopadeza grahaNa karyo ne tyArathI te sAda upAsaka marI sakriya upAsaka banyo. kaMdahAra zailakhamAM paNa pote varSa 10thI parama ahiMsaka ane dharmiSTha thayAnuM jaNAveluM che. gaura zailakha naM. 1-2 mAM e pitAnI A avasthA avalokatAM noMdhe che ke aDhIeka varSathI huM upAsaka chuM; paNa varSa lagI huM sakriya nahotuM, paraMtu ekAda varSathI saMghanA samAgamamAM rahIne huM sakriya tho chuM. ahIM e bhikSuonI sAthe vihAramAM raheto bhikSagatika thayo evo artha hovo saMbhava che.* dhopadeza - Doke te ucca dharmabhAvanA apanAvI, ne te bhAvanA prajAjano paNa apanAve te mATe teNe dharmopadeza karavA mAMDayo. pitAnuM rAjya ghaNuM vizALa 1-2. ejana. 3. zailakha naM. 8. 7. Mookerji. As'oka, p. 23. For Private And Personal Use Only

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bauddha dharmane prabhAva pas hanuM ne tenA sarva prAMtomAM jaI prajAjanone pratyakSa saMparka sAdhavo muzkela hato. AthI eNe potAnA dharmopadezane saMdezo judA judA prAMtamAM rAjazAsana tarIke mokalavA mAMDyo. A saMdezo bhUjIpatra ke tADapatra para lakhAyelo hoya, te tenI asara alpakALa Take. AthI eNe e zAsano zilA jevA TakAu padArtha para kotarAvavA mAMDyA, jethI e lAMbo vakhata Take. zaila - azokanA rAjyamAM ThekaThekANe parvata hatA ne emAMnA keTalAka zaila (moTI zilAo) jamInanI sapATI para paDelA hatA. azoke pahelAM potAnAM dharmazAsana e zaila para kotarAvavA mAMDyA. eno AraMbha gauNa zailalekha naM. 1-2 thI thayo lAge che. emAM eNe prajAjanone dharmAcaraNamAM sakriya thavA anurodha karyo. azokanI dharmaniSThA dinapratidina vadhatI jatI hatI. pote apanAvelo navo dharma ahiMsApradhAna hato ne AthI pahelAM potAnA aMgata jIvanamAM tema ja rAjyamAM je hiMsAtmaka rItarasama pravartatI hatI tenI manAI pharamAvI. yajJabalidAna mATe. sAmAjika meLAvaDA mATe tema ja bhejana mATe prANIonI hiMsA na thAya tevA pratiSedha jAhera karyA. auSadhi mATenI vanaspati maMgAvIne TheraThera ropAvI. yukato rajako ane prAdezikone pitAnA paMcavArSika tapAsa-pravAsa daramyAna vadhArAmAM dharmAnuzAsana(dharmopadeza)nIya pharaja soMpavAmAM AvI. dharmaghoSa tathA vimAna AdinAM pradarzano dvArA lokomAM dharmAnuzAsana prasAryuM. A samaye rAjAnA abhiSekane bAra varSa thayAM hatAM. teramA varSe teNe dharma-mahAmAtronI niyukita karI.2 kAmanA nikAla ane nivedana mATe pitAne sarva samaye sarvatra maLavAnI chUTa ApI. sarva saMpradAyo sarvatra vase ne saMyama tathA bhAvazuddhi keLave tevI icchA darzAvI. mRgayAdi pravRttio dharAvatI viDArayAtrAne sthAne pote apanAvelI dharmayAtrAnuM mahattva darzAvyuM, jemAM magadarzana ane dharmAnuzAsana thatuM." mAMdagI vivAha vagere prasaMgoe thatA maMgala 1. zailalekha naM. 1-4. 2. zailakha naM. 5. 3. zailalekha naM. 6. 4. zailalekha naM. 7. 5. zailalekha naM. 8. For Private And Personal Use Only

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58 azoka ane enA abhilekhe ga gAMdhI, (mAMgalika kriyA)ne sthAne dharma-maMgalanuM mahattva darzAvyuM. pote mAtra dharmaprasAranI bAbatamAM ja yaza ke kIrtine mahattva Ape che tema jaNAvI lokone dharmAcaraNa mATe anurodha karyo. dAnamAM dharmanA (arthAt dharmanI bhAvanAnA) dAnano mahimA batAvyo. saMpradAyo parasparanI niMdA na karatAM vANIne saMyama, anya saMpradAyonuM adhyayana ane samavAyanI bhAvanA keLave tevI bhalAmaNa karI. kaliMganA yuddhane pariNAme thayelI khuvArI ane vedanA vize saMtApa ane pazcAttApa darzAvI dharmavijayano anurodha karyo.ane aMte pitAnAM A teya dharmazAsane vize caudamA zAsanamAM vivecanA noMdhI. tIrthayAtrA-caudamA varSe nepAlanI sarahada pAse AvelA kanakamuni buddhanA tUpane bamaNo moTo karAvyo. azokanA samayamAM aneka buddha thayA hovAnI mAnyatA pracalita thaI cUkI hatI. zAkyamuni gautama buddhanI pahelAM bIjA aneka buddha thaI gayA hovAnuM manAtuM. badhA maLIne aThThAvIsa buddha thayA, temAM pahelA cAra vize hAla ghaNI ochI mAhitI rahelI che, bAkInA covIsamAM chellA sAta buddha vizeSa mahimA dharAve che. sAMcInA mahAtUpanAM toraNomAM A sAta buddhonAM pratIka, alaga alaga bodhivRkSo ane / athavA porUpe, kaMDArelAM che. kanakamuni buddha e A sAta buddhomAM pAMcamA che. vIsame varSe azoke zAkyamuni buddhanA janmasthAnanI yAtrA karI, tyAre tyAM pUjA karI, zilAnI vedikA karAvI, zilAno staMbha Ubho karAvyo ne lumbinI gAmanA karaverAmAM ghaTADo karyo. ene lagatA lekha e staMbha para kotarAvyo che. buddhanuM A janmasthAna nepAlanI sarahada pAse AveluM che. azoke A tIrthadhAmanI yAtrA karI tyAre teNe najIkamAM AvelA kanakamuni buddhanA stUpanI paNa yAtrA karI ne tyAM zivAstaMbha karAvyo. e staMbha para Ane lagatA lekha kotare che. 1. zailakha naM. 9. 2. zailalekha naM. 10. 3. zailakha naM. 11. 4. zailakha naM. 12. 5. zailalekha naM. 13. 6. niglIva sAgara staMbhalekha. 7. ka. bhA. dave, "gujarAtanuM mUrtividhAna', pR. 528. 8. ruminadeI staMbhalekha. For Private And Personal Use Only

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bauddha dharmane prabhAva pa9 zilArtA-chavIsamA varSe azoke rAjyamAM aneka sthaLoe UMcA goLa staMbha karAvI tenA para dharmopadezane lagatA lekha kotarAvyA. temAM sattAvIsamA varSe potAnI dharmaprasAranI sarvavidha pravRttionuM siMhAvalokana karato lekha umerAvyo. saMghanI akhaMDitatA-azokanA samayamAM bauddha saMghamAM vicArabheda vadhato jato hato ne pariNAme emAM bheda (taDa) paDe tevo bhaya raheto hato. A matabheda khAsa karIne bhikSuo tathA bhiluNIomAM pravartatI. bauddha saMghamAM bheda na paDe ne tenI samagratA (akhaMDitatA jaLavAI rahe te mATe azoke zAsana pharamAvyAM. A zAsana sAranAtha, kauzAMbI ane sAMcInA zilAstaMbho para kotarAyAM che. azoka upAsaka hato, bhikSu nahato. bhikSusaMgha para sAmAnyata: tenA AcAryanuM zAsana pravarte, chatAM bauddha saMghamAM e devonA priya priyadarzI rAjAno ghaNo prabhAva rahelo hato. sAmAnya saMyogomAM kAmaNo gRhasthone mArga darzAve che, paraMtu jyAre zramo mArga cUke tyAre ghaNI vAra sakriya upAsako temane mArga darzAve che. rAjA azoke pharamAvyuM ke je koI bhikSu ke bhikSuNI saMghamAM bheda (taDa) pADaze tene veta vastra paherAvI anyatra vasAvavAmAM Avaze.' A pharamA sarva durgo tathA nA mahAmAtrone mokalavAmAM AvyuM, jethI teo potAnA zAsanapradezamAM tene amala kare? A zAsana pAchaLa ekano hetu spaSTa hatasaMgha samagra (akhaMDita) rahe ane lAMbe vakhata Take. dharmaparyAyonI bhalAmaNa-azoke pitAnA zAsalekha zailo ane staMbha uparAMta phalaka para paNa kotarAvelA. eno eka namUne bairATa pAse maLelo che. emAM priyadarzI rAjA saMghane abhivAdana karI kuzaLatA tathA sukha-vihAratA pUche che ne pitAne buddha, dharma ane saMgha vize je bhakitabhAva che te sagaurava vyakata kare che. Ama to bhagavAna buddhanI sarva vANI sArI che, chatAM saddharma (bauddha dharma) lAMbo vakhata Take e hetuthI e emAMnA amuka dharmaparyA(dharmasUtro)nI khAsa bhalAmaNa kare che. A bhalAmaNa bhikSuo tathA bhiluNIone tema ja upAsako tathA upAsikAone paNa karavAmAM AvI che. ' A dharmaparyAya sAta gaNAvyAM che: (1) vinA-samadara (vinaya-samutkarSa)- hAla je bauddha dharmagraMtho upalabdha che. temAMne ko dharmagraMtha ke temAMnuM kayuM dharmasUtra ahIM uddiSTa che e vize vidvAnamAM 1-3. sAMcI, sAranAtha ane kauzAMbI staMbhalekha. For Private And Personal Use Only

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azoka ane enA abhilekhe ThIka ThIka matabheda rahe che. pAli tripiTakamAM e nAmano koI graMtha ke e nAmanuM koI sUtra nathI. 'vitA-samutkarSa ' eTale te utkRSTa vinaya athavA vinayano sAra (nioDa) evA be judA judA artha thAya che. pahelA arthamAM keTalAka A paryAyane vinayapiTakanA "mahAvagna'mAMnA "dhammacakkAvattAnasura' (dharmacakravartanasUtra) tarIke gharAve che, jemAM bhagavAna buddha mRgadAva(sAranAtha)mAM prathama upadeza dvArA karelA dharmacakrapravartana daramyAna cAra Aryasatya ane aSTAMgika mArga sahita "manijhamapaTipadA" (madhyama-pratipadA) vize pravacana kareluM.' athavA ahIM bughoSe jaNAvelAM cAra mahatvanAM sUtro paikInuM 'tuvaThaka sura' ujha hoya evuM zrI. . sa. bhAMDArakara sUcave che. temAM "paTipadA" (dhArmika kriyAo), "pAtimakha' (upadeza) ane samAdhi (dhyAna)ne upadeza Apelo che. DaoN. bahu ahIM "dIpanikAya'mAMnuM "sigAlo vAda-suttana' uddiSTa hovAnuM sUcave che, kema ke te "giri-vinaya' (gRhastha mATenA vinaya = niyamo) hoI saMghanA sarva vargone upayogI che. zrI zailendranAtha mitra vaLI evuM sUcave che ke "vinayasamutkarSa' te "majijhamanikAya'mAMnuM "samparisa sutta' che. koI vaLI ene aMguttaranikAya'mAM paNa darzAve che. A badhA paikI "dhammacakkapattanasura" ane sigAvAda-sunnata ne lagatAM sUcana vizeSa saMbhavita lAge che. (2) (mArA)- keTalAka A paryAyane "dI nikAya'mAMnA 'saMgItikutta' ke 'dasuttara-sura' tarIke oLakhAve che, to zrI. dharmAnaMda kosaMbI ene "guttaranikAya'mAMnA 'cattAro ariyavaMsA' (cAra AryavaMza) tarIke ghaTADe che. koI ene "dasariyavAsA' (dasa Arma-nivAso) paNa gaNe che. ahIM 'AI-' e Arya (umadA) janoe pALavAnA paraMparAgata AcAra-niyama 9. Mookerji, op. cit., p. 118; Basak, op. cit., p. 131. 2. Asoka, p. 91. 3. JRAS, 1915, p. 809. 4. IA, XLVII, pp. 8 ft. 4. D. C. Sircar, Select Inscriptions, p. 78, n. 2. 5. Basak, op. cii., p. 131. 9. Indian Antiquary, 1912, pp. 37 ff. 6. Mookerji, As'oka, p. 118, n. 4. For Private And Personal Use Only

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bauddha dharmane prabhAva epe artha udiSTa che. buddhoSa "mahA-ariya-vaMsane khAsa nirdeza kare che te A paryAya mATe lAge che.' - zrI. kosaMbIe suvelA "cAra Arya vaMzomAM bhikSunA A cAra AcAradharma gaNAvavAmAM AvyA che : (a) ege sAdAM cIvara(vastra)thI saMtoSa mAnavo joIe, (A) e yogya rIte meLavelA sAdA khorAthI saMtoSa mAnavo joIe, (I) e nAnAmAM nAnI kuTirathI paNa saMtoSa mAnavo joIe, ane (I) eNe dhyAnamAM AnaMda mAnavo joIe. (3) sAta-mAni (anAgata arthAt bhAvine lagatA bhaya)-A sUkatA aMguttaranikAya'mAM Ave che. AmAM bhikSue je bhAvi bhayone lakSamAM rAkhI bodhiprApti mATe puruSArtha karavAno che ne je bhayone pichAnI temane TALavAnA che te bhaya gaNAvavAmAM AvyA che. emAM ghaDapaNa, roga, dukALa, laDAI vagere dharmabAdhaka bhaya bhaviSyamAM upasthita thAya, to tene lakSamAM rAkhI bhikSAe pitAnI sAdhanAmAM acalita rahevuM ne pragati sAdhatA rahevI tene upadeza Apela che. (4) muniyA (munine lagatI gAthA) - saMskRta 'divyAvadAnamAM "munigAthA" nAme sUkata che, jyAre pAli tripiTakomAM "suttapiTakanA "khudunikAya'mAMnA 'suttanipAta'mAM 'munisura' zIrSaka nIce e gAthAo ApavAmAM AvI che. A gAvAomAM bhikSue saMsAranI AsakitaothI mukata thaI saMyama ane dhyAna dvArA kevuM zuddha jIvana AcaravuM joIe te jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che. (5) no kUta (mIne sUtra) - koI ene khudanikAyamAMnA "itivRttakanA mane-suta tarIke oLakhAve che." paraMtu e sUtra ghaNuM nAnuM che ne temAM mAtra traNa maunaprakAro gaNAvavAmAM AvyA che. AthI zrI. dharmAnaMda kosaMbIe sUcavyuM che tema te "suttanipAta'mAMnuM 'nAlakasura havA saMbhave che. azvaghoSe paNa 4. Bhandarkar, As'oka, p. 90. 2. Mookerji, Asoka, p. 118, 0.5; Basak, op. cit., p. 132. 3. Barua, op. cit., Part II, p. 35. 8. Mookerji, As'oka, p. 118, n. 6; Bhandarkar, As'oka, p. 89; Basak op. cl, p. 132. 4. Basak, op. cit., p. 132. 5. Mookerji, As'oka, p. 118, n. 7; Bhandarkar, As'oka, p. 89. For Private And Personal Use Only

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azeka ane enA abhilekha je cAra sUtrone khAsa nirdeza karyo che temAM nAlaka-sUtrano samAveza karyo che. azokanA samayamAM A suttanA saMvAda-dAtA tarIke nAlakano ullekha karato pahelo ka temAM samAveza pAmo nahi hoya ne tethI te sutta "nAlaka sura" tarIke oLakhAtuM nahi hoya. aMguttaranikAya'mAM "mone sura' nAme eka sutta (sUtra) Ave che te A "maneyasUta' haze ema DaoN. basAka sUcave che. A paNa saMbhavita che. () latA-sana (upasiSya-prazna)-ene keTalAka khunikAyamAMnA "suttanipAta'mAMnA 'sAripu-su' tarIke oLakhAve che. sAripura upatiSya tarIke paNa oLakhAtA ne A sUtramAM temaNe rajU karelA praznanA khulAsA karavAmAM AvyA che. AvuM eka bIjuM sUtra paNa che, jemAM paNa sAripukhta urphe upatiSyanA prazna rajU thayA che. e che majhimanikoyamAMnuM 'rathavinIta-sura'. buddhaghaSe A suttane khAsa nirdeza karyo che. A sUtramAM vizuddhinI sAta uttarottara avasthAo gaNAvIne nirvANane mArga darzAvavAmAM Avyo che. vizuddhima..." (vizuddhimArga) jevI anukAlIna vRttionI e bhUmikArUpe che, ghaNA vidvAno A surAne upati-pasina mAne che." (7) TApuvAra (rAhulAvavAda)-ahIM A sUtra mRSAvAda vize bhagavAna buddhe kahyuM hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. "majhimanikAya'mAM "rAhulo vAda-su' nAme sutta che te A ja che. temAM bhagavAna buddha rAjagRhamAM rAhulane mRSAvAda vize upadeza 9. Barua, op. cit., Part II, p. 35. 2. Basak, op. cit., p. 132. 3. Mookerji, As'oka, p. 118, n. 8; Basak, op. cit., p. 132. 7. Bhandarkar, As'oka, p. 89. 4. Barua, op. cit., Part II, p. 36. E. Mookerji, As'oka, p. 119, n. 1; Bhardaikar, Asoka, p. 89; Basak, op. ci, p. 132, For Private And Personal Use Only

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bauddha dharmano prabhAva dIdho che. "majijhamanikAya'mAM "rAhulavAda' nAme traNa sutta che, tethI ahIM azoke tenuM viziSTa lakSaNa darzAvyuM che. A lakSaNa te traNa paikInA "ambalardika rAhulavAda-surane lAgu paDe che. A dharmasUtronuM bhikSuo tathA bhikSuNIo tema ja upAsako tathA upAsikAo khAsa zravaNa tathA ciMtana kare evI irachA azoka vyakata kare che. zrI. de. rA. bhAMDArakara noMdhe che tema A dharmasUtro vizeSata: vyAvahArika AcAradharmane lagatAM che. | buddha, dharma ane saMgha tarapha taraphanA bhakitabhAvanA nirdezathI azoka baddha dharma tarapha aMgata anurAga dharAvato e nirvivAda kare che. rUpa ane vihAronuM nirmANa- bhagavAna buddhanA parinirvANa pachI temanAM pavitra asthi ATha jaNa vacce vaheMcavAmAM AvyAM hatAM ne tenI upara ATha pradezamAM stUpa baMdhAyA hatA. kahe che ke azoke A stUpo khelAvIne emAMnAM pavitra asthionI vadhAre moTA pAyA para phALavaNI karI ne enA para dezabharamAM badhA maLIne 84,000 tUpa baMdhAvarAvyA. dareka caitya pAse vihAra paNa baMdhAvavAmAM Avelo. pATaliputramAM azoke potAnA nAmano azakArAma' baMdhAvyo. e ArAma(vADI)mAM paNa khUparUpI caitya hatuM. 84,000 vihArone lagatI anuzrutimAM spaSTata: atizayokita rahelI che. paraMtu e parathI azoke aneka vihAra baMdhAvyA hovAnuM sUcita thAya che." azoke kanakamuni buddhane stUpa bamaNo moTo karAvyo e niHzaMka che. sAMcI ane bharaDutanA mULa IMTerI tUpa azokanA samayamAM baMdhAyA lAge che. sAMcInA mahAtUpanAM khaMDeromAM e mULa stUpa joI zakAya ema che, jyAre bharaDutanA khUpanA avazeSa hAla kalakattAnA myujhiyamamAM rahelA che. pATaliputra(paTanA)mAM "ArAma" baMdhAvyo e hakIkata paNa sUcaka gaNAya. yuAna vAMganI 'siyu-kI'mAM AvI aneka buddha-pratimAo noMdhAI che; ane bhAratanA aneka prAcIna stUpanI bAbatamAM e azoke baMdhAvyA hovAnuM jaNAyuM che.' bauddha dharmane prasAra- bauddha dharmane azoka jevA samrATanuM protsAhana maLatAM tenA sAmrAjayamAM te dharmane savizeSa prasAra thAya e svAbhAvika che. potAne je dharmanI 9. Barua, op. cit., Part II, p. 36. 2. Bhandarkar, Asoka, pp. 91. ff. 3. Mookerji, As'oka, pp. 80 f. 4. Ibid., p. 82, n. 2. 5-6. yuAna zvAMga 80thI vadhu stUpoMdhe che (Ibid, p. 82, p. 1) For Private And Personal Use Only

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azoka ane enA abhilekhe utkaTa bhAvanA jAgI tene prasAra karavAmAM azoka pote sakriya prayatna karato evuM enA dharma parathI spaSTa thAya che. azokanA rAjAbhiSekane 17 varSa thayAM tyAre moggalipura kissanI adhyakSatA nI pATaliputramAM bauddha saMghanI trIjI saMgIti (pariSada) maLI. e saMgIti pUrI thatAM keTalAka sthavirone dharmaprasAra mATe judA judA pradezamAM mokalavAmAM AvyA -o. (sI) majajhatakane kAzmIra ane gaMdhAramAM, thera mahArakhitane yavanadezamAM, thera majijhamane himAlayamAM, ghera dhammarakhita(dharmarakSita)ne aparAntaka(pazcima sarahada)pAM, thera mahAdhammarakhitane mahArASTramAM, thera mahAdevane mahiSamaMDalamAM, zera rakhitane vanavAsImAM, saNa ane uttarane suvarNabhUmimAM ane zera mahinda (mahendra) vagerene laMkAmAM. AmAM zaMkA ullekha khAsa noMdhapAtra che. silonamAM tyAre devone priya tissa (tiSa) nAme rAjA rAjya karato hato ne tene azoka sAthe gADha saMbaMdha hato. baMne rAjAo vacce bheTasogAdanI ThIka Apale thatI. 'mahAvaMsImAM jaNAvyA mujaba azoke silonanA rAjAne dharmanuM arthAt bauddha dharmanuM paNe dAna dIdhuM. bauddha dharmanA prasAra mATe silona janAra thera mahinda (sthavira mahendra) pUrvAvasthAmAM azokanA putra hatA. silonamAM bauddha dharmano prasAra temanI drArA thayo. rAjA tie aneka bauddha caitya ane vihAra baMdhAvyA ne caitya mATe rAjA azoka pAse mANasa mokalI pavitra asthi maMgAvyAM. AgaLa jatAM rANIne bauddha saMghanI pravaja levAnI icchA thaI tyAre rAjA simsa rAjA azoka pAse amAtyane mokalI gherI saMghamitrAne teDAvyAM. saMghamitrA e pUrvAvasthAmAM azokanAM putrI hatAM. temanI sAre bhAratamAMthI bodhivRkSanI zAkhA paNa maMgAvI. e zAkhA silanamAM ropavAmAM AvI.4 thera mahendra tathA therI saMghamitrAe potAnuM badhuM zeSa jIvana silonamAM ja gALyuM. Ama sinamAM thayelA bauddha dharmanA prasAramAM devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA azoke mahattvano phALo Apelo che. A rIte azokanA dhArmika valaNamAM bauddha dharmane prabaLa prabhAva rahelo hate. aMgata rIte e bauddha dharmanA anuyAyI thayo. buddha, dharma ane saMgha tarapha e parama Adara dharAvata, bauddha dharmanA pAlana tathA prasAramAM parAyaNa rahe tema ja saMgha akhaMDita rahe ne lAMbo vakhata Take te mATe sakriya kALajI rAkho. 9. Mookerji, Asoka, pp. 32 f. 2-5. mAvaMto, 11-20. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #81
5. dharmabhAvanA azokano kulaparaMparAgata dharma brAhmaNadharma hato. AgaLa jatAM eNe bauddha, dharma aMgIkAra karyo. chatAM e sAMpradAyika saMkucitatAthI para hato. vizALa dharmadRSTi-azoka aMgata rIte bauddha dharmanA anuyAyI hato. eNe potAnA amuka lekha bauddha saMghane lagatA lakhAvyA ne kotarAvyA che. paraMtu potAnI samasta prajAne uddezIne eNe je dharmazAsana lakhAvyAM che, temAM potAnA dharmasaMpradAyanI saMkucita dRSTi rahelI nathI, mAnavadharmanI vizALa dharmadRSTi rahelI che. sAMpradAyika samavAya-- zailalekha naM. 7mAM e spaSTa icche che ke sarva saMpradAya sarvatra vase, kema ke te sarve saMyama ane bhAvazuddhi icche che. loko vividha chaMda ane vividha rAga dharAvatA hoI, vividha saMpradAyone anusare e svAbhAvika che, paraMtu saMyama ane bhAvazuddhi e ene mana sarva saMpradAyanuM parama dhyeya raheluM che zailalekha naM. 12mAM e sarva saMpradAyanA anuyAyIo --- zramaNo (sAdhuo) tathA gRharaghA tarapha AdarabhAva darzAve che. teone e dAna ane mAnathI saMmAne che, paraMtu khAsa karIne teonA sAranI (tattvanI) vRddhi icche che. A bAbatamAM e vANIne saMyamanuM ghaNuM mahattava darzAve che, kema ke sAmAnya rIte lokonuM valaNa pitAnA saMpradAyanI prazaMsA ane pArakA saMpradAyanI niMdA karavAnuM hoya che. Ama karavAthI teo potAnA saMpradAyanuM bhaluM thatuM mAne che, paraMtu kharekhara to tene hAni thatI hoya che. UlaTuM, jyAre jyAre taka maLe tyAre tyAre pArakA saMpradAyanI paNa pRzaMsA karavI joIe. ema karavAthI e pArakA saMpradAyanuM tema ja pitAnA saMpradAyanuM bhaluM kare che. judA judA saMpradAyanA anuyAyIo samavAya (paraspara saMparka) sAdhe ne ekabIjAnA saMpradAya vize jANe e iSTa che. sarva saMpradAya bahuzruta ane kalyANakArI bane. sarva saMpradAyanuM je sAratattava che tenI vaddhi thatI rahe e ja parama iSTa che. Ama azoka ahIM bauddha dharmano mahimA gAto nathI. paraMtu sarvadharmasaMpradAyo tarapha sabhAva darzAve che ne sAMpradAyika vaimanasya na rAkhavA anurodha kare che. a0 5 For Private And Personal Use Only

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azoka ane enA abhilekhe sarvadharma-sarbhAva-azokanA abhivemAM enA sarvadharma sadbhAvanI aneka rIte pratIti thAya che. pitAnA dharmAnurAsanamAM e je cArapAMca AcAradharmanI vAraMvAra bhalAmaNa kare che temAM te brAhmaNa ane zrama tarapha sadvartAva mATe Agraha dharAve che; temanAM darzana karavA ne temane dAna devA bhalAmaNa kare che. dharma-mahAmAtro paNa sarva saMpradAyanA ane sarva vargonA hitasukha mATe nimAyA che. emAM brAhmaNo, AjIviko ane nirga(jaina)no paNa samAveza thato chaThThA staMbhalekhamAM paNa e sarvasaMpradAya pratye AdarabhAva vyakata kare che. vaLI vara (barAbara) parvatamAM traNa guphAo kaMDArAvI azoke te guphAo AjIvikone arpaNa karI e hakIkata A rAjavI anya saMpradAyonA anuyAyIone paNa dAna-mAnathI navAjato e vidhAnanuM saMgIna dRSTAMta pUruM pADe che. dharmanuM svarUpa- agAu jaNAvyA mujaba azoka sarva dharma-saMpradAyonA sAra(tattva)nI abhivRddhi mATe Agraha dharAvato ne sarva dharmane sAra saMyama ane bhAvazuddhimAM rahelo hovAnuM darzAvato. staMbhalekha naM. 2mAM e jaNAve che: dharma sAre che. paNa dharma eTale zuM? ahIM e dharmanuM svarUpa A pramANe varNave che: alpa Asinava, bahu kalyANa, dayA, dAna, satya ane zucitA (zuddhatA). Asinava' eTale astava, arthAt pApa karavAnI vRtti.5taMbhalekha . 3 mAM Asinava tarapha laI jatA durgaNa gaNAvavAmAM AvyA che. caMDatA, niSpharatA, krodha, abhimAna ane I. staMbhalekha naM. 7mAM e dAna, satya, zucitA, mArdava ane sAdhutA mATe bhalAmaNa kare che. Ama kalyANa, dayA, dAna vagere saguNo keLavavA ane caMDatA, niSpharatA vagere durgara TALavA e dharmAcaraNa mATenA mukhya muddA che. bhagavadgItAmAM devI saMpata ane AsurI saMpata tarIke AvA ja sadgaNa tathA durguNa gaNAvavAmAM AvyA che. 1. dA. ta. zailalekha . 3, 4, 9, 11. 2. zailekha naM. 5; staMbhalekha naM. 7. 3. zailalekha naM. 12. 4. zaulekha naM. 7. 5. A zabda bauddha dharmanA mAtA (gaDha) karatAM jaina dharmanA azvaza (mAranava)ne maLato Ave che. For Private And Personal Use Only

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dharma-bhAvanA durgane TALavA tathA saguNo keLavavA mATe azoka keTalAMka vyAvahArika sUcana kare che, jemAM amuka duSkRtyono niSedha ane amuka satkRtyono anurodha karavAmAM Avyo che. emAMnAM be niSedhAtmaka zAsana che- (1) prANIono vadha na karavo ane (2) bhUtane (prANIone) IjA na karavI. pachI vaLI keTalAMka vidheyAtmaka zAsana karelAM che: (1) mAtApitAnI sevA (athavA temanI AjJAnuM pAlana), (2) sthaviro(vRddho)nI sevA(athavA temanI AjJAnuM pAlana) ne temane dAna, (3) guruo pratye Adara, (4) brAhmaNa tathA zramaNa(sAdhuo)ne dAna tathA temanA tarapha sAro vartAva, (5) mitro, paricito ane sagAone dAna tathA temanA pratye sAro vartAva (6) gulAma ane nokaro taraphasAro vartAva AmAMnAM keTalAMka zAsanane aneka lekhamAM ApelAM che, te e zAsanonuM mahattva darzAve che. zailakha naM. 14mAM azoka jaNAve che ke A lekhamALAmAM keTalIka bAbatonI punarukita karelI che, te e bAbatonI madhuratAne laIne. zailakha naM. 3 mAM vaLI e eka zAsana umere che: thoDo kharo ane thoDo saMgharo. dharmanuM AcaraNa-prajAne je dharmazAsane pheramAve che, tene pote amala karato hoya e svAbhAvika che. 1. zailakha naM. 3, 4, 11. 2. ahIM praLa ane mUra zabdanA arthamAM amuka sUma bheda rahe che. jaina darzanamAM gALa, mUta, gIra ane satyanA arthamAM pAribhASika bheda darzAvyo che. 3. zailakha naM. 4; staMbhalekha naM. 7. 4. zailakha naM. 3, 4, 11, 13. 5. zailalekha naM. 4, 13. 6. zailalekha naM. 8. 7. zailakha naM. 9. 8. zai kha naM. 3, 4, 8, 9, 11 9. zalekha naM. 4, 10. zaivalekha naM. 3, 11. 11. zailakha na. 4, 13. 12. zailakha naM. 9, 11, 13, For Private And Personal Use Only

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azoka ane enA abhilekhe A bAbatamAM azoke ghaNA sudhArA vadhArA karelA hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. hisA sAmenA pratibaMdha- prANIone vadha na karavo' ane "bhUtone IjA na karavI' e niyamonA amala mATe azoke rAjakulamAM tathA rAjyamAM keTalAka pratibaMdha pharamAvyA. kaliMganA yuddhamAM thayelI khuvArIthI ene je saMtApa ane pazcAttApa thayo teNe yuddha pratyenA tenA valaNamAM dharamULa parivartana AvyuM. have eNe navA vijaya meLavavAno vicAra mAMDI vALyo ne potAnA putro pautra vagerene paNa tema karavA bhalAmaNa karI. zastrathI meLavAtA vijayanuM nimitta AvI paDe, to temAM kSAnti (kSamA) ane haLavA daMDanuM valaNa apanAvavA bhalAmaNa karI, kema ke vijaya mATe khelAtA yuddhamAM vadha, maraNa ane baMdhana thayA vinA rahetAM nathI. paraMtu zAMtinA samayamAM paNa ghaNI hiMsA thatI hoya che. rAjAo vihArayAtrA karatA ne emAM mRgayA (zikAra) vagerenI moja mANatA. azoke vihArayAtrA karavI choDI dIdhI. jenA hRdayamAM ahiMsA ane dayAnI bhAvanA khIlI hoya, te zikAra jevA hiMsAtmaka zokha cAlu rAkhI zake nahi. bIjuM, rAjAone svAdiSTa mAMsAhArano ghaNo zokha raheto. azokanA rAja-rasoDA mATe roja seMkaDo ane hajAro prANIone vadhathato. rAjakulanA parivAra tathA parijanonA meTA rasAvA mATe roja ATalAM badhAM prANIonA vadhanI jarUra rahetI haze? kadAca A AMkaDAmAM atizayokita heya. athavA to azokanA rAjarasoDAmAM raMtidevanI jama maphata AhAra pUruM pADavA sadAvrata cAlatuM hoya. azoke A vipula prANI-vadha baMdha karAvyo. paraMtu mAMsAhArano svAda ekadama sadaMtara tajavo muzkela hovAthI zarUAtamAM emAM thoDI chUTachATa rAkhI. e chUTa traNa prANIo pUratI maryAdita hatI emAM be mora ane eka haraNano samAveza thato.5 emAMye haraNa roja haNAtuM nahi, paNa be moranI roja jarUra paDatI. e samaye e pradezanA lokone meranA mAMsano ghaNo zokha hato ne azoka paNa e zekha sahelAIthI tejI zakato nahi. chatAM zailalekha naM. 1mAM jaNAvyA mujaba eNe 1. zailalekha naM. 13. 2. zailalekha naM. 8. 3. zailalekha naM. 1. 4. kahe che ke raMtideva rAjAnA rasoDAmAM dararoja be hajAra Dhorono ane be hajAra gAyono vadha karavAmAM Avato ne prajane maphata mAMsa pUruM pADavAmAM AvatuM (bhAMDArakara, azokacarita, pR. 21). 5-9. zailalekha naM. 1. For Private And Personal Use Only

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dharma-bhAvanA AgaLa jatAM A traNa prANIone paNa vadha karavAmAM Avaze nahi evuM jAhera kareluM. A anusAra eNe AgaLa jatAM A chUTachATa paNa choDI dIdhI haze ne pote mAMsAhArane pUrNa tilAMjali ApI zuddha zAkAhAra apanAvyo haze e cokkasa che. kaMdahAra zailalekhamAM jaNAvyA mujaba eNe mAMsAhArano ghaNo zokha rAjyakAlanA dasamA varSe choDelo. rAjAne dAkhala joI bIjA lokoe paNa jIvahatyA baMdha karI, khAsa karIne zikArIo ane mAchImArIoe. prANIonA vadhanuM bIjuM nimitta hatuM meLAvaDA. meLAvaDA ('samAja') be prakAranA hatA. amuka meLAvaDAomAM gIta, vAdya, nRtya ane mallayuddha jevA nirdoSa AnaMdapramoda karAtA, jyAre bIjA prakAranA meLAvaDAomAM mijabAnInI mijA uThAvavAmAM AvatI. A mijabAnImAM svAdiSTa mAMsAhArano samAveza thato. AthI azoke A prakAranA meLAvaDAonI manAI pharamAvI. e samaye devadevIone prasanna karavA mATe paNa prANIono vadha karI temano bhaMga apAto. dhArmika hetunA nimittoya thato prANIvadha ahiMsA ane jIvadayAnA siddhAMtanI dRSTie niSiddha gaNAya. AthI azoke prANIono bhoga ApavAnI manAI pharamAvI. zailakha naM. 1mAM jaNAvelA A pratibaMdha azokanA rAjyakAlanA bAramA varSe pharamAvelA che. AgaLa jatAM chavIsamA varSe eNe A bAbatamAM vadhAre zAsana pharamAvyAM enI vigata staMbhalekha naM. 5mAM noMdhavAmAM AvI che. - keTalAMka prANIone avadhya TharAvavAmAM AvyAM arthAta te prANIonA vadhano pratibaMdha pharamAvavAmAM Avyo. emAM zuko (popaTa), sArikAo, cakravAko, haMsa, cAmAcIDiyAM, moTI kIDIo, kAcabIo, hADakAM vagaranAM mAchalAM, kAcabA, sAhuDIo, khisakolIo, bAraziMgA haraNa, sAMDha, gharanI jIvAta, geMDA, kapa (kabUtaro) vagereno samAveza thato. AmAM je prANIo auSadhi vagere kAmamAM AvatAM na hoya athavA jeno AhAra thato na hoya tevAM badhAM copagAMnA vadhanI manAI pharamAvI. bakarIo, gheTIo ne DukkarIo je gAbhaNI ke dUdhALI hoya temano vadha karavAnI manAI karI. tevI rIte cha mahinAnI umara sudhInAM baccAMne paNa avadhya TharAvyAM. jIvavALA bhUlAne tema ja jaMgalane bALavAnI manAI karI, kema ke temAM ghaNI jIvahiMsA thatI hoya che. jIvane jIvathI poSavA nahi" evo bodha dIdho. 1-2. zailalekha naM. 1. For Private And Personal Use Only

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p azoka ane enA abhilekhA je prANIonA vadhanA sadaMtara niSedha na thaI zake tema hatA, te prANIonA vadhanI parvadina pUratI manAI pharamAvI. emAM hAthI mAchalAM vagereno samAveza thato. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir hiMsA pUrNa vadhumAM ja rahelI che evuM nathI. prANIne IjA karavAmAM paNa hiMsA rahelI che. AkhalA, bakarA, gheTAM, Dukkara vagere prANIone khasI karavAmAM teone trAsa thatA hoya che. aAke parvadinAe e prANIone khasI karavAnI manAI pharamAvI. evI rIte gheADAone ane baLadone padanAe DAma devAnA paNa pratibaMdha karyo. A rIte azoke prANIonA vadha ane prANIone IjA karavAnI hiMsA sAme ghaNA pratibaMdha pharamAvyA. hiMsA sAmenA A pratibaMdhAmAM spaSTata: caMDatA ane niSThuratAnA nivAraNa mATenA racanAtmaka upAya najare paDe che. dayAtmaka prabaMdho : dayAnA sadguNathI prerAIne azoke paramArtha mATenA keTalAka prabaMdha karyAM. agAunA rAjAonI jema rastAmAM vaDanAM jhaDa ropAvyAM, AMbAvADIo ropAvI, dara ardhA koze kUvA khodAvyA ane ArAmagRha baMdhAvyAM.3 AmAM manuSya uparAMta pazuonA paramArthanA khyAla rAkhelA che. manuSyo tathA pazuone upayogI auSadhio jayAM jayAM nahotI tyAM tyAM maMgAvIne ropAvavAmAM AvI,4 kaliMga jItyA pachI tyAMnA jaMgalanA lAko sAme thatA ne hAni karatA, tAya te teo tarapha bane teTalI kSAnti dAkhavatA. teAsalI ane samApA nagarIonA nagara-mahAmAtrAne sUcanA ApI ke tyAMnA lokone kanaDagata karavAmAM, kedamAM pUravAmAM ke dehAMtadaMDa devAmAM teo kaDaka na rahe, IrSA adhIrAI ke pramAda na rAkhe te khaMtu tathA dhIrajathI vacalA mArga grahaNa kare.pa vaLI dharma-mahAmAtrAne paNa sUcanA ApI ke kedakhAnAmAM purAyelAo paikI jemane ghaNAM saMtAna hoya jemane kaDanagata thatI hoya ke jemane ghaDapaNa AvyuM hoya, temane nANAMnI madada Ape ke temane choDI mUkavAnuM vicAre. T 1--2. staMbhalekha naM. 5. 3. zailekha naM. 2; staMbhallekha naM. 7. 4. zailalekha naM. 2. 5. kaliMganA alaga zailalekha. 6. zailalekha naM. 5. For Private And Personal Use Only

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dharmabhAvanA aparAdhI manuSyo tathA prANIone dehAMtadaMDa tathA aMgacchedadaMDanI sajA karavAmAM AvatI. azoke A bAbatamAM udAratA dAkhavI aneka aparAdhIone cakSudAnathI mAMDIne prANadAna sudhInI rAhata ApI arthAta cakSuchedathI mAMDIne dehAMtadaMDa sudhInI sajAmAMthI mukita ApI. rajakone paNa nyAya ane daMDanI bAbatamAM madhyama mArga apanAvavA bhalAmaNa karI, prAMtanA loko para anugraha karavA anurodha karyo. sajA pAmelA kedIone kRpAnA traNa divasa ApyA, je daramiyAna teonA sagAsaMbaMdhIo temanA daMDa ghaTADAvI zake athavA teo dAna upavAsa vagere dvArA paralokanuM pAtheya bAMdhI zake. azoka rAjAnA janmadine amuka prakAranA kedIone choDI mUkavAnI prathA anusarato. temAM bALakedIo, gharaDA kedIo, rogI kedIo ane nirAdhAra kedIono samAveza thato. rAjyakAlanA chavIsamA varSa sudhImAM eNe pacIsa vAra Ama kedIone choDI mUkyA hatA.* mAtApitAthI mAMDIne gulAmo ane nokare tarapha sAro vartAva rAkhavAno e vAraMvAra upadeza dete, temAM paNa dayAno A udAtta guNa rahelo che. dAna brAhmaNo ane magone dAna devuM, sthavizene dAna devuM, mitro paricita ane sagAone dAna devuM vagerenI azoke aneka vAra bhalAmaNa karI che. pite vihArayAtrA tajI dharmayAtrA aMgIkAra karI tyAre te brAhmaNo ane zamaNonAM darzana karI temane dAna deto tema ja sthavize tathA vRddhonAM darzana karI temane paNa dAna deto. pate bhagavAna buddhanA janmasthAna lumbinInI tIrthayAtrA karI tyAre tyAM paththaranI dIvAla karAvI ne e gAmane dhArmika kAramAMthI mukata karyuM tema ja tenA jamInamahesUlane dara paNa ghaTADavo. evI rIte pote AjIvikone traNa guphAo dAnamAM dIdhI.7 1. staMbhalekha ne. 2. 2-3. staMbhalekha naM. 4. 4. staMbhalekha naM. 5. 5. zailalekha naM. 8. 6. ruminadeI staMbhalekha. 7. barAbara guphAlekho. For Private And Personal Use Only

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azoka ane enA abhilekho Ama azoka dAnanI bAbatamAM apAtA upadezane pitAnA saMgIna dRSTAMtathI sArthaka karato. pitAnA rAjakuLanAM anya mANasone paNa e A bAbatamAM protsAhana deta. enI bIjI rANI kAruvADI AMbAvADI, phaLanI vADI, dAnagRha vagerenAM dAna detI. A dAna te rANInA pitAnA nAme noMdhavAmAM Ave evI sUcanA ApavAmAM azoka dekhItI rIte dAnabhAvanA rAjakuLanAM sarva jamAM prasare ema Icche che. rANIo, rAjakumAro vagerenAM dAnakAryonI kALajI rAkhavA e pitAnA adhikArIone khAsa sUcanA Ape che. karapAra -rAjA tarIke azoka sarva jananAM kalyANa mATe Atura raheto. zaivakha naM. 5mAM e jaNAve che tema kahANa duSkara (karavuM agharuM) che. je kalyANa Adare che te duSkara kare che. azoke bahu kalyANa karyuM che. te kahe che ke mArA putra patro ItyAdi vaMzajo tema karaze to teo sukRta (satkRtya) karaze, je tene aMza paNa tajaze, te duSkata (duSkRtya) karaze. pApa karavuM saheluM che. miSTha lokonA hita sukha mATe dharma-mahAmAtra nImyA. azoka sarvalokahitane parama kartavya mAnato ne tethI te tene mATe sarva samaye sarvatra pravRtta raheto. e karavAmAM ema bhUto pratyenA traNamAMthI mukata thavAnI murAda rAkho. keTalAkane A lekamAM sukhI karavA mATe ane paralokamAM svarga apAvavA mATe e Atura raheto. bhAre puruSArtha vinA A duSkara che. parama sevA ane parama utsAha vinA A lokanuM tathA paralokanuM sukha meLavavuM muzkela che. . Ane mATe AtmaparIkSaNa paNa Avazyaka che, sAmAnya rIte sahu koI pitAnA satkAryano ja vicAra kare che, pote karelA pApane ke pitAnI pApavRttine vicAra karatA nathI. paraMtu sahue A lokamAM zuM lAbhadAyI che tema ja paralokamAM 1. rAvIne alAhAbAda-kosama staMbhalekha. 2. zailekha naM. 6. 3-5. zailakha naM. 6. 6. staMbhalekha naM. 1. For Private And Personal Use Only

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dharma-bhAvanA zuM lAbhadAyI che tene vicAra karavo joIe. azoke A hetuthI sarva saMpradAyone mAna-dAna dIdhAM che ne sarvajonA sukha tathA hita mATe banato prabaMdha karyo che. dharma-bhAvanA tathA dharma-AcaraNane upadeza detA lekha paNa teNe tethI ja lakhAvyA che ne kotarAvyA che. dharmanI vyApaka dRSTi - Ama azoke potAnA abhilekhomAM sArvajanika dRSTie je dharmano upadeza dIdho che, te koI saMpradAyanA AcAravicArano nahi para vyApaka mAnavadharmanA AcaraNano che. caMDatA, niSpharatA, krodha, abhimAna ane IryA jevA durgava nivAravA ane kalyANa, dayA, dAna, satya ane zuddhi jevA sava keLavavA e sarva dharmasaMpradAyonAM parama tattva che. mAtApitA, vRddho, guruo, brAhmaNo ane zrama, mitro paricito ane sagAo tathA nokarI ane gulAma tarapha Adara rAkhavo tema ja prANIone vadha na karavo ane prANIone IjA na karavI e nItiniyamo paNa sarva saMpradAyane iSTa mAnavadharmane lagatA gaNAya. saMyama ane bhAvazuddhi e sarva saMpradAyano sAra che ne e sAranI abhivRddhi thatI rahe e ja azokanI abhilASA che.' Ama e dharmanA bAhya svarUpane badale enuM hArda lakSamAM rAkhe che ne potAnA dharmopadezamAM e dharmasAra(dharma-tattva)ne ja mahattva Ape che. dezavidezamAM adyaparyata azokanA je varmopadezanI prazaMsA thAya che, te bauddha dharmasaMpradAyane lagatA upadezanI nahi paNa mAnavadharmane udAtta tattane lagatA upadezanI. dharmanI A vyApaka dRSTine laIne azokane bhAratanA sAMskRtika itihAsamAM rAjarSinuM biruda prApta thayuM che. dharmamaya jIvanadRSTi- kaliMganA yuddha pachI azokanA hRdayamAM je dharmabhAvanA jAgI te evI utkaTa hatI ke samaya jatAM azokanI samagra jIvanadRSTi dharmamaya banI rahI. dharmakAmatA (dharmAnurAga) dharmazIlana (dharmAcaraNa)mAM pariNamI ne temAMthI tene pitAnI dharmabhAvanAne prasAra sajAmAM karavA mATe dhanurAsti (dharmAnazAsana) arthAt dharmopadeza karatA rahevAnI utkaTa icchA jAgI." A mATe eNe je lekha lakhAvyA ne kotarAvyA, tene teNe dharmalipi (dharmalekha) tarIke oLakhAvyA che. 1-2. sataMbha lekha naM. 3. 3. staMbhalekha naM. 2. 4. zai kha naM. 7 ane 12. 5. staMbhalekha naM. 1. For Private And Personal Use Only

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I4 azoka ane enA abhilekho A lekho dvArA tema ja pratyakSa saMparka dvArA pote dharmopadeza deto ne pitAnA prAdezika adhikArIo paNa potAno dharma-rAMdeza prajAne pahoMcADatA rahe ema icchato. A mATe eNe dharmanuM khAtuM zarU karI dharma-mahAmAtranI paNa nimaNUka karI.' azoke have zastravijaya tajI dharmavijayano aMgIkAra karyo. dharmavijaya eTale dhArmika vijaya nahi, paNa dharma-bhAvanAnA upadeza dvArA teno thato prasAra. A prakArane dharma-vijaya prItirasathI bharelo hoya che. agAunA rAjAonI jema e paNa zarUAtamAM vihArayAtrA karato, jemAM zikAra vagere mojazokha thatA. ene badale have eNe dharmayAtrA apanAvI. dharmayAtrA eTale dhArmika sthAnonI tIrthayAtrA evo sthUla artha ahIM abhipreta nathI. dharmayAtrA eTale evI yAtrA (pravAsa), jemAM brAhmaNa ane zamaNe tathA vRddhonAM darzana karI temane dAna apAya ne jemAM te te pradezanA lokone maLI temanI sAthe dharmanI carcA karI temane dharmopadeza apAya. arthAt dharmazIlana ane dharmaprasAranI dRSTie thato pravAsa te dharmayAtrA. mAMdagI, vivAha, putraprApti vagere prasaMge maMgala arthAt dhArmika ke mAMgalika kriyAo karavAmAM AvatI. strIone emAM svAbhAvika rIte ghaNo utsAha raheto. azoka AvI mAMgalika kriyAo zudra ane alpaphaladAyI hovAnuM jaNAvI, dharma-maMgala mATe bhalAmaNa kare che. dharma-maMgala eTale dhArmika kriyAo nahi, paNa jemAM dharmazIlananA niyamono prasAra karavAmAM Ave tevI maMgala pravRttio. A dharmazIlana mATe pitAe putrane, putre pitAne, bhAIe bhAIne, svAmIe sevakane, mitra mitrane, paricite paricitane ane paDozIe paDozIne bhalAmaNa karatA rahevI ghaTe. peluM sAmAnya maMgala hetu pAra paDe ke na paNa pADe ne pADe topaNa A lokane lagato ja, jyAre A maMgala kAlathI para che, te A lekamAM pAra na paDe, te paralokamAM anaMtapuNya prasare che. 1. zailalekha naM. 5. 2. zailalekha naM. 13. 3. zailalekha naM. 8. 4. ejana. 5-6. zailalekha naM. 9, For Private And Personal Use Only

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dharma-bhAvanA rAjA kaMI yaza ke kIti icchatA hoya, te te mAtra loko dharmane sAMbhaLe ne Acare e bAbatamAM ja.1 arthAt dharma-prasAranI udAtta pravRttinA phaLarUpe ja. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir dharmadAna jevuM dAna nathI. dharmadAna eTale dhArmika dAna nahi, paNa dharmanuM dAna. dharmanAM je tattva che, dharmanA je nItiniyama che, tenuM ja dAna, arthAt dharmanI bhAvanAnuM dAna. A mATe pitAe, putra, bhAIe, svAmIe, mitre, paricite ane paDozIe ekabIjAne bhalAmaNa karavI ghaTe. 75 dharma vaDe pAlana, dharma vaDe vidhAna, dharma vaDe sukhadAna ne dharma vaDe rakSaNa - e vidhi (prakriyA) mATe e potAnA sarvavidha adhikArIone bhalAmaNa karatA (staMbhalekha naM. 1). 1. zailalekha naM. 10. 23. zailalekha naM. 11. Ama azokanI samagra jIvanadRSTi dharmamaya banI gaI hatI. vijaya, maMgala, yaza, dAna - sarva bAbatamAM e dharmabhAvanAnA upadeza tathA prasAranA ja vicAra karatA. - dharmazIlana tathA dharmAnuzAsananI AvI utkaTa jIvanadRSTine laIne azeka bhAratanA ja nahi, jagatanA mahAna rAjavIomAM agrima sthAna pAmyA che. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #92
6. dharmane upadeza ane prasAra azokanA manamAM jayAre dharma-bhAvanA utkaTa banI tyAre te e bhAvanAne tarata amalamAM mUkavA lAgyo. pote A lokamAM sukhI thAya ne paralokamAMya zreya pAme evuM kalyANa karavA lAgyo. paraMtu ene potAnA aMgata kalyANathI saMtoSa thayo nahi. pite je dharma-zIlana karavA lAgyo, tene prasAra samasta rAjakulamAM tema ja sarva prajAjanomAM kevI rIte thAya te vicAravA lAgyo. rAjakulamAM dharma-prasAra - rAjakulanA vaDA tarIke teNe rAjaraseDAmAM bhejana mATe prANI-vadha karavAnA je pratibaMdha mUkyA, tenI asara samasta rAjakula para paDyA vinA rahe nahi. pote dharmayAtrA daramiyAna potAnA parivAramAMthI keTalAkane sAthe laI jato haze. AthI dharmabhAvanAnI asara tenI rANIo tathA kumAro para paDatI haze. dharma mATe khAsa nimAyelA dharma-mahAmAtra rAjAnAM aMta:puronuM-rAjadhAnI pATaliputramAM tema ja bahAranAM nagaromAM rahelAM aMta:pusenuM tathA rAjAnA bhAIo ane bahenanAM tathA tenA bIjA sagAonAM aMta:puronuM paNa dhyAna rAkhatA.' pote je dharma-lekha zilA para kotarAvato, tene pitAnA putro pautro ItyAdi vaMzajo anusaratA rahe te ene mukhya udde za hato. A vAtano ullekha e potAnA aneka dharmalekhomAM kare che.? je rAjA pitAnI A dharma-bhAvanAnI bhalAmaNa pitAe, putra, bhAIe, svAmIe vageree karatA rahevI evI apekSA rAkhe che te rAjA pote paNa potAnA putrone, bhAIone, patnIone vagerene tenI bhalAmaNa karato rahe e svAbhAvika che. sagAo tarapha yogya rIte vartavuM joIe e purANI prakRti che evuM paNa e noMdhe che.* 1. zailekha naM. 5. 2. dA. ta. zailakha naM. 4, 5, 6, 13. 3. zailakha naM. 9, 11. 4. eraMguDI gauNa zailekha. For Private And Personal Use Only

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dharmanA upadeza ane prasAra vaLI dharmamahAmAtrA vagere moTA adhikArIo rAjAnI jema rANIonAM, rAjaputrAnAM ane anya kuMvaronAM dAnakAryonI saMbhALa rAkhe che.' azokanI bIjI rANI ane tIvaranI mAtA kAruvAkIe karelAM dharmadAnAnA ullekha e AnuM sacoTa dRSTAMta che.ra Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir rANI devI, je vidizAnA zreSThInI putrI hatI, teNe vidizAmAM vihAra baMdhAvelA ne tenA putra mahendra tathA putrI saMghamitrAe bauddha dharmanA zramaNatvanI dIkSA laI AgaLa jatAM silAnamAM bauddha dharmanA prasAra karyo e anuzruti azokanA rAjakuTuMbamAM thayelA bauddha dharmanA prabhAva darzAve che. azAka bodhivRkSamAM eTalA badhA anurAga dharAvato ke enI bIjI rANI tiSyarakSA ke tiSyarakSitAe IrSAthI bAdhivRkSane nAza karavA koziza karI e anuzruti anukAlIna tathA sAMpradAyika hoI zrAddheya jaNAtI nathI.4 77 game tema, azAkanA bauddha dharma taraphanA aMgata valaNanI tema ja ahiMsA dayA dAna vagere dharmaguNAnI asara tenA rAjakulamAM ghaNe aMze prasarI lAge che. prajAjanAmAM prasAra - rAjA tarIke azoka potAnA prajAjanone potAnAM saMtAnonI jema cAhatA. sarva manuSyone e potAnI saMtita gaNatA ne jevI rIte potAnI saMtati aihaleAkika sukha ane pAralaukika hita pAme tevuM icche tevI rIte sarva manuSyo mATe paNa te evuM icchatA. Ano upAya hato. dharma-zIlana. lokomAM dharmanI vRddhi thatI rahe to lokonI paNa unnati thatI rahe. paraMtu lAkomAM dharmanI vRddhi karavI kevI rIte? agAunA rAjAoe paNa ema karavA iccheluM, paraMtu lokonI unnati thaI nahi.pa azAke peAtAnI utkaTa bhAvanA tathA bhAre puruSArtha dvArA e pAra pADavA keTalAka avanavA upAya AdaryA. 1. zailalekha naM. 5. 2. rANInA alAhAbAda--kosama staMbhalekha. 3. Barua, op. cit., pp. 51 f. dharmayAtrA --- rAjyakAlane same varSe aAke bAdhitIrthanI yAtrA karI tyArathI te dharmayAtrA karavA lAgyo. temAM te janapadanA janAnI mulAkAta letA, temane dharmanA 4. Thapar, op. cit., pp. 51 f; Barua, op: cit., p. 53. 5. staMbhalekha naM. 7. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #94
azoka ane enA abhilekhe upadeza deto ne temane dharmanI pUchaparacha karato. tema karavAmAM tene ghaNI majA AvatI. te sarva vargonI ne sarva saMpradAyonI saMbhALa leto. azokano dharmane khyAla evo vyAvahArika hato ke sAmAnya jano ene saraLatAthI samajI zake. emAM aTapaTI dhArmika kriyAonI dhAMdhala nahotI ke pAribhASika tattvamImAMsAnI gahana mathAmaNa nahotI. e lokone je dharmane upadeza ApavA mAgata, te dharma sIdhosAdo hato. durguNone TALo ne sadgaNone keLavo. sadAcAra Acaro. bauddha dharmanA zAstragraMthamAMya ene evAM sUtro tarapha pakSapAta hato ke jemAM sAmAnya gRhasthoe pALavAnA dharmAcArane saraLa rIte rajU karyo hoya. dA.ta. "dIghanikAya'mAMnuM sigAlovAka sutta', jemAM giri-vinaya (gRhastha pALavAnA niyama) ApyA che. emAM rAjagRhamAM bhagavAna buddha sigAla nAme gRhastha-putrane ApelA dharmopadezane prasaMga nirUpAyo che. te be hAtha joDIne UMcA karI che dizAone namaskAra karato hato. te potAnA pitAnA kahevAthI Ama karato hato. bhagavAna buddha ene samajAvyuM ke A to dizAonuM sthUla pUjana thayuM, dizA-vaMdanano kharo artha to potAnI AsapAsanA loko tarapha sAro vartAva karavAno che. mAtApitA e pUrvadizA che, guruo dakSiNa dizA che, patnI ne saMtAna pazcima dizA che, mitro ne sagAMsaMbaMdhI uttara dizA che, brAhmaNo ane zramaNo AkAza dizA che ne nokaro ane majUro pRthvI dizA che. pratyakSa mulAkAta daramiyAna lokone AvAM bodhaka dRSTAMto dvArA azeka mAtApitAnI sevA vagere dharmasUtronuM tAtparya ghaNI sahelAIthI samajAvI zakato haze. dharma-pradarzane - loko lAMbA vakhatathI prANIone vadha, bhUtone IjA, sagAsaMbaMdhIo tarapha ayogya vartAva, brAhmaNo ane zramaNo tarapha ayogya vartAva vagere karatA Ave che. teone e mArgethI dharmane mArge kevI rIte vALavA? mAtrA sIdhAsAdA dharmopadezathI sarva loko sahelAIthI dharmane mArge na vaLe. bauddha sAhityamAM ApelI bhagavAna buddhanA paTTaziSya moggalAnane lagatI vAta A saMdarbhamAM lakSamAM levA jevI che. kahe che ke teo svargamAM jaI dareka devane maLatA tema ja narakamAM jaI dareka jIvane maLatA ne te te devane devatva kevI rIte prApta thayuM tema ja te te jIvanI narakamAM gati zAthI thaI te jANI lAvatA. pachI teo 1. zailalekha naM. 8. 2. Bhandarkar, op. cit., pp. 122 ff. For Private And Personal Use Only

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dharmane upadeza ane prasAra 79 lokone e prasaMga kahI batAvatA ne ethI lokonA manamAM temanA upadezanI asara tarata thatI.' pitAnA dharmopadezanA puruSArthanI saphaLatA mATe azoke Avo vyAvahArika upAya Adaryo. loko jo ahIM dharmanuM barAbara AcaraNa kare, to temane paralokamAM devatva prApta thAya che, tyAM temane vimAna jevA uttama AvAsa tathA hAthI jevAM uttama vAhana maLe che ne rUpanA aMbAra jevI kAMti prApta thAya che. evI mAnyatA anya dharmonI jema bauddha dharmamAM pracalita hatI. 'vimAnavattha' nAme bauddha graMthamAM svargamAM maLatAM evAM divya sukhanuM vigatavAra varNana kareluM che. ke lokone dharmane mArge vALavA mATe, dharmiSTha janone svargamAM maLatAM divya sukhanAM pradarzana yojavAM. emAM vimAna, hAthI, agniskaMdha (rAzi) ityAdi divya sukhada padArtho pradarzita karavAmAM AvatA. ahIM dharma Acare, to paralekamAM AvAM AvAM uttama sukha pAmazo e prakAranAM dharma-pradarzanethI AkarSAI ghaNA loko dharmane mArge vaLe e svAbhAvika che. alabatta emAM A sukha pAmavA mATe ke dharma Acaro te paNa samajAvavAmAM AvatuM. rAjayamAM have bherI-ghoSa thato te dharma mATe thato. agAu yuddhAdi mATe ke utsavo mATe bherIghoSa thato, jyAre have AvAM dhArmika pradarzana mATe thato.5 AnAthI lokomAM dharmAcaraNa vadhatuM adhikArIo dvArA dharmopadeza - rAjA pote prajAne dharmano upadeza kare tenI asara lokonA mana upara ghaNI paDe. paraMtu azokanuM rAjya ghaNuM vipula hatuM. eka dharmayAtrAmAM azoka 256 jeTalA divasothI satata yAtrAe rahyo hato.7 chatAM e eka vyakita rAjyanA lAkho lokono pratyakSa saMparka kevI rIte sAdhI zake? artha 4. Bhandarkar, op. cit., pp. 143 f. 2. ahIM vimAna eTale staMbhanA AdhAre rahetuM bhavya mahAlaya e abhipreta che. 3. Bhandarkar, op cit., pp. 143 f. 4. zailalekha naM. 4. 5. zailalekha naM. 4. 6. zalalekha naM. 14. 7. gaNa zailakha naM. 1. For Private And Personal Use Only

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azaka ane enA abhilekhA AthI eNe A bAbatamAM potAnA mukhya adhikArIono sahakAra levA mAMDyo. yukata, rajajuko ane prAdezika pAMca pAMca varSe pitAnI hakUmata nIcenA, samasta pradezamAM tapAsa-pravAse pharatA hatA. teo te daramiyAna potAnAM vahIvaTI kAmanI sAthe sAthe prajAjanone azokano dharmopadeza kahetA rahe, to teomAM, rAjAno dharma-saMdeza sArI rIte pahoMce. A mATe eNe zailalekha naM. 3 mAM spaSTa sUcanA ApI che. staMbhalekha naM. 7 mAM e avaloke che tema A rIte adhikArIo dvArA dharmopadeza saMbhaLAvyA karavAthI lokomAM dharmanI vRddhi thatI rahetI. upalA, nIcalA tema ja madhyama varganA adhikArIo dharmazIlananA upadezane anusare che tema ja sAmAnya lokone paNa tema karavA samajAve che evuM e taMbhalekha naM. 1 mAM paNa avaloke che. rajajuko potAnuM kahyuM karavAne Atura rahe che. tevuM paNa e staMbhalekha naM. 4 mAM noMdhe che. jema koI gRhastha potAnI saMtati koI kAryaniSTha AyAne soMpI nizcita bane, tema e potAnI prajAnAM sukha-hita kartavyaniSTha rajajukane soMpI vizvasta raheto. dharmazrAvaNo arthAt adhikArIo dvArA dharmopadeza saMbhaLAvavAnA kAryakramonuM e ghaNuM mahattva AMkato. agAunA rAjAo lokonI unnati karAvavAmAM niSphaLa jatA, tethI pote temAM saphaLa thavAne A upAya jyo che (staMbhalekha naM. 7). nagara-mahAmAtrone paNa e prajAnuM kalyANa karavA sUcanA Apato. A rAjAdezano je amala kare che, tene rAjAnI prasannatA tema ja svarganI prApti thAya che evuM paNa e spaSTa kare che. ' ujajana ane takSazilAnA kumAro potAnA mahAmAtrone pAMca pAMca varSane badale traNa traNa varSane aMtare potAnA pradezamAM tapAsa-pravAse mokalatA rahe tevI paNa e sUcanA Ape che. - rAjA prajAne pitAnI saMtati jevI gaNate tema prajA paNa rAjAne pitAnA pitAtulya mAne tevo vizvAsa prajAmAM utpanna karavA te kumAro tathA mahAmAtrone. sUcanA Apato. 1. staMbhalekha na. 4. 2. kaliMganA alaga zailalekha. 3. kaliMgano alaga zailalekha naM. 1, For Private And Personal Use Only

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dharmane upadeza ane prasAra pitAnA dharmopadezano saMdezo mahAmAtro dara cAturmAsI(cAra mAsanI tra8tu)nA tiSa dine (puSyanakSatranA divase) tema ja anya parvadinee prajAne saMbhaLAvatA rahe evI sUcanA paNa ApavAmAM AvI che.' rAjyanA sarva adhikArIo rAjAnA dharmopadezane prasAra karavAnI vadhArAnI pharaja pUratA utsAhathI adA karatA na hoya te paNa prAdezika adhikArIo dvArA azokane dharmasaMdeza prajAnA ghaNA vargomAM pahoMcatA haze. dharma-mahAmAtronI nimaNuka - nyAya mahesUla vagere khAtAnA vahIvaTI adhikArIo dharmopadezanA kAryamAM rAjAne maryAdita sahakAra ApI zake. AthI azoke rAjyataMtramAM eka sudhAro dAkhala karyo ne dharma-mahAmAtrane navo hoddo umeryo.2 e maDAmA sarva saMpradAyonA ne sarva vargonA dhArmika lokonA sukha-hitanuM dhyAna rAkhatA. kedIone banatI rAhata ApavA prayatnazIla rahetA. teo sAdhuo tathA gRhomAM kAma karatA. teo sahunAM dAnakAryonI vyavasthA karatA. dharma-mahAmAtra dvArA sarva vargomAM saguNo ane dharmAcaraNanI vRddhi thatI. sArvajanika paramArthanAM kArya-- manuSyo tathA pazuo mATe azoke rastAomAM jhADa ropAvyAM, kUvA khodAvyA, ArAmagRha baMdhAvyAM ane auSadhi mATenI vanaspati ropAvI. AvAM sArvajanika paramArthanAM kArya agAunA rAjAo paNa karatA. emAM kaMI apUrva nahotuM. chatAM azoka eno be lekhomAM khAsa ullekha kare che. eno hetu spaSTa karatAM e jaNAve che ke bIjA loko tenA dAkhalAne anusarIne AvAM kArya karatA rahe te hetuthI pote AvAM paramArthakArya karato hato. vaLI rAjAno dAkhalo joI enA putro pautro paNa tevAM paramArtha kArya karatA rahe. evA hetuthI pote ghaNI vAra dAna deto ne rAjakulanI anya vyakitaone, dAna devA mATe preraNA tathA protsAhana Apato. sArvajanika paramArthanA kArya karanArA lokone vipula puNya prApta thAya che ne teo pRthvI parathI svarge jAya che evI mAnyatA bauddha dharmamAM paNa pracalita hatI. 1. kaliMganA alaga zailalekha. 2. zailalekha naM. 5. 3. zalalekha naM. 2; staMbhalekha naM. 7. 4-5. staMbhalekha naM. 7. aha 6 For Private And Personal Use Only

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82 azoka ane enA abhilekhe hiMsaka kRtyonA pratibaMdha-prANIone vadha na karavA tema ja prANIone IjA na karavA mATe rAjA tarIke eNe aneka prakAranA pratibaMdha pharamAvyA. zailalekha naM. 1 mAM jaNAvyA mujaba eNe balidAna mATe, meLAvaDAo mATe ane bhajana mATe thatA prANIvadha sAme ghaNA pratibaMdha mUkyo; ane taMbhalekha naM. 5mAM jaNAvyA mujaba aneka prANIone avadhya TharAvyAM, keTalAMkane amuka avasthAmAM avadhya gaNAvyAM, jIvavALA bhUlAne tema ja jaMgalane bALavAnI manAI pharamAvI ne parvadinee mAchalAM vagerenA vadhanI tema ja prANIone khasI karavA mATe ke DAma devA mATe karAtI IjAnI manAI pharamAvI. AvA aneka prakAranA dharmaniyama (aMkuza) karyA. AtmaparIkSaNa ane dhyAna-chatAM A aMkuzo skUla ane upalaka gaNAya. sarva saMpradAyone sAra saMyama ane bhAvazuddhi che. manuSyanA manamAM A tattva keLavAya, te tene AvA koI bAhya aMkuzonI jarUra rahetI nathI. manuSya pitAnA sukRtano ja nahi, duSkatane paNa vicAra kare, AtmaparIkSaNa karato rahe ne AMtarika dhyAna dhare to enA manamAM evI dharma-bhAvanA jAge ke e ApoApa dharmAnurAga ane dharmAcaraNane mArge vaLe. dhyAna vaDe dharmavRddhi thatI rahe. jenA cittamAM kalyANa, dayA, dAna ityAdi sadgago ne saddavRttio khIle, tenAmAM niSpharatA hiMsA Adi duSkatanI vRtti rahe nahi ne e koI paNa jAtanA aMkuza vinAya dharmazIlana karatA rahe. dharmalekho ane dharmazrAvaNa-bodhitIrthanI yAtrA ane saMgha-saMparka pachI azokanA manamAM jyArathI tIvra dharmabhAvanAno udaya thayo tyArathI te sakriya dharmopadezaka banyo. prajAne maLI pote sIdho dharmopadeza deto tema ja potAnA mukhya adhikArIo dvArA dharmopadeza karatA, te sarva dharmopadeza maukhika hoI tenI asara cirasthAyI na rahetI. AthI eNe potAnA dharmopadezane paththara para kotarAvavAno upAya prayojyo. saMghanA saMparka pachI pite ekAda varSathI sakriya 1. zailalekha naM. 7. 2. taMbhalekha naM. 3. 3. staMbhalekha naM. 1. 4. staMbhalekha naM. 2. 5. staMbhalekha naM. 3. 6. zaikha naM. 8; gaura zaikha naM. 1. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #99
dharmane upadeza ane prasAra 83 dharmaprasAraka banyo hato ne tenAthI lokomAM dharmanI abhivRddhi thaI hatI ne thatI hatI. Ane lagatA be lekha lakhAvI teNe rAjyanAM aneka sthaLoe ene parvata (zaila) para kotarAvyA.' A lekha bihAra, rAjasthAna, madhya pradeza, AMdhra pradeza ane maisUra rAjyamAM maLyA che. A lekha azoke rAjyakAlanA agiyAramA varSe kotarAvyA lAge che. pachI rAjyakAlanA bAramA ane teramA varSe eNe bIjA cauda dharmalekha - lakhAvyA ne e lekha paNa rAjyanAM aneka sthaLoe zaila para kotarAvyA. A cauda zailalekha uttara pradeza, orissA, Azva pradeza, mahArASTra, gujarAta ane pazcima pAkistAnamAM maLyA che. AgaLa jatAM azoka zilA staMbha ghaDAvyA ne ene keTalAMka sthaLoe UbhA karAvI enA upara dharmalekha kotarAvyA. rAjyakAlanA chavIsamA ane sattAvIsamA varSe AvA cha-sAta dharmalekha kotarAvyA. A lekha bihAra, uttara pradeza ane pUrva paMjAbamAM maLyA che. prasaMgopAtta bIjA staMbhalekha paNa kotarAvyA. keTalAka lekha zilA-phalaka para kotarAvyA. Avo eka lekha rAjasthAnamAM maLyo che. A badhA zilAlekhonA prakAra che. zilAlekho lAMbo vakhata Take ane ethI e para kotarelA dharmalekhonI asara lAMbo vakhata rahe e azokano uddeza hato. A dharmalakho lAMbo vakhata Take ne rAjAnA putra, pautro vagere ene harahaMmeza anusaratA rahe e uddeza eNe aneka lekhomAM spaSTa karyo che.' A dharmalekhane azoka potAnA staMbhalekha naM. 7mAM "dharmastaMbho' tarIke oLakhAve che. A lekhe mAtra enA vaMzajo mATe ja nirmAyA nahotA. dharma-mahAmAtro ene avAranavAra prajAjano pAse vAMcatA rahe ne e dharmamAM rahelo rAjAno saMdezo saMbhaLAvatA rahe e paNa ene mukhya uddeza hato. adhikArIone saMbodhIne lakhAyelA keTalAka lekhamAM to e lekho teo parvadinee tathA utsavadie lokone saMbhaLAvatA rahe evI spaSTa sUcanA Ape che. dharma-zrAvaNonI A pravRtti lokomAM dharma-bhAvanA ane dharma-zIlana prasAravAmAM ghaNI upakAraka nIvaDe ne e rIte e dharmalekha sAMbhaLIne loko enAM dharma-zAsana tathA dharmAnuzAsanane anusaratA rahe. Ama A zilAlekho kotarAvavA pAchaLa azokanA manamAM aMgata kIrti ke yazano nahi, paNa dharmopadeza ane dharmaprasArane uddeza rahelo hato. 1. gauNa zailalekha naM. 1, 2. 2. dA. ta. zailalekha naM. 5, 6; staMbhalekha naM. 7. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #100
azoka ane enA abhilekhe dharmopadeza dvArA thayela dharmaprasAra - devanA priya priyadarzI rAjA azoke Ama pitAnA pratyakSa tathA parokSa dharmopadeza dvArA dharmanI bhAvanA lokomAM prasAravA bhAre puruSArtha Adaryo. A puruSArthane pariNAme enA samayamAM lokomAM dharmabhAvanA ThIka ThIka prasaratI paNa kharI evuM enA abhilekhomAMnA keTalAka ullekha parathI mAlUma paDe che. pitAnA prathama (gauNa) zailalekhamAM e avaloke che ke pitAnI sakriya pravRttione pariNAme jaMbudvIpamAM manuSyo ane devo vacce saMparka sadhAyo che. azokanA A kathanane bhAvArtha e lAge che ke enA dharmopadezane laIne aneka loko eTalA badhA dharmaSTha thavA pAmyo ke teo A janmamAM svabhAve deva jevA thayA ne mRtyu bAda devalokanA adhikArI thayA; AthI je manuSyo agAu devo sAthe mizra thatA na hatA te have devonI sAthe mizra thavA lAgyA. - zailalekha naM. 4mAM e noMdhe che ke dharmanA pradarzana pachI lokomAM dharmAcaraNa vadhyuM che ne hajI vadhatuM raheze. zailakha naM. 13mAM e jaNAve che ke pitAnA rAjayanA tamAma prAMtamAM loko tenA upadezane anuvarte che tema ja aMtiloka, tulAmAya, aMtekina, maga ane alikasudara jevA videzI rAjAonAM rAjayomAM paNa loko enA dharmopadezane anusare che. Ane e "dharmavijaya' kahe che ne ene mukhya vijya mAne che. jyAM devonA priyanA dUta jatA nathI tyAM paNa loko enA dharmopadezane sAMbhaLe che ne dharma pALe che. A ullekha parathI azokanA dharmopadezano saMdezo dezavidezamAM dUra dUra sudhI prasaryo hovAnuM sUcita thAya che. sAtamA staMbhalekhamAM azoka dharmaprasAra aMge pote AdarelI sarvavidha mukhya pravRttionuM siMhAvalokana kare che. temAM te saMtoSathI nedhe che ke meM je kaMI sArAM karma karyA che tene loko anusaryA che ne anusare che; teomAM dharmanuM AcaraNa vadhyuM che ne vadhatuM raheze, manuSyomAM dharmanI vRddhi thaI che. rAjyakAlanA cheka sattAvIsamAM varSe lakhAvelA dharmalekhamAMya azoka potAnI dharmopadeza-pravRttinI saphaLatA mATe Avo saMtoSa vyakata kare che. enI abhilASA to evI hatI ke enA putro pautro vagere vaMzajo paNa enI A bhAvanAne kAyama mATe anusare ane cAlu rAkhe. enA rAjavaMzamAM enI A abhilASA ghaNe aMze phaLIbhUta thaI hovAnuM mAlUma paDatuM nathI, paraMtu ene mATe e javAbadAra na gaNAya. azokanA manamAM je utkaTa dharma-bhAvanA khIlI hatI, te enI aMgata guNasaMpatti hatI. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #101
7. vAstukalA ane zilpakalAmAM pradAna azoka dharmaprasAranA kAryamAM mAtra sIdhosAdo upadeza ApIne saMtoSa mAnato nahi, paNa e dharma lokone rUcikara lAge tenuM dhyAna rAkhato. bauddha dharma taraphanA anurAge ene aneka stUpa baMdhAvavA preryo, zramaNI taraphanA Adare ene DuMgaramAM guphAo kaMDArI apAvavA che, to dharmaprasAranI bhAvanAe ene dharmalekho kotaravA mATe manahara zilA staMbha ghaDAvavA preryo. Ama dharmazIlana ane dharmaprasAranI bhAvanAe ene vAstukalA tathA zilpakalAmAM gaNanApAtra pradAna karavAnI preraNA ApI. rAjAo laukika tema ja dhArmika sthApatya tathA zilpakalAne protsAhana ApavAmAM mahatvano bhAga bhajavatA. dharmaparAyaNa rAjA azoke dhArmika smArakonA nirmANamAM gaNanApAtra pradAna karyuM e hakIkata che. e uparAMta rAjA tarIke eNe laukika sthApatyanA nirmANamAM paNa keTaloka noMdhapAtra phALo Apelo evI anukRti che. nagaro-anukRti anusAra azoke be nagara vasAvyAM. emAMnuM eka che zrInagara, je kAzmIranuM pATanagara che. e nagaramAM eNe 500 bauddha vihAra baMdhAvelA manAya che. tyAM eNe keTalAMka devAlaya paNa baMdhAvyA hatAM. sAtamI sadImAM cInI pravAsI yuAna vAMge zrInagaramAM lagabhaga 100 bauddha vihAra majUda rahelA joyA hatA ne tyAM azoke baMdhAvelA cAra stUpa paNa dIThA hatA. azoke zrInagara vasAvyA vize kavi kalhaNa-kRta 'rAjataraMgiNI'mAM paNa ullekha Ave che. - bIjuM nagara azoke nepAlamAM baMdhAvyuM gaNAya che. rAjAe nepAlanI mulAkAta lIdhI tyAre teNe tyAM enI yAdagIrImAM deva-patana (deva-pATaNa) nAme nagara vasAvyuM. nepAlanI mulAkAta vakhate azokanI sAthe enI kuMvarI cArumatI ane enA pati devapAla paNa tyAM AvelA. e dIkarIjamAI tyAM rahI gayAM. rAmatIe tyAM bhikSIo mATe ane devapAle bhizuo mATe vihAra baMdhAvyo. deva-pATaNamAM hajI cAra prAcIna stUpa mejUda che. 9. Watters, On Yuan Chwang's Travels in India, p. 267 2. sarga 1, lo. 101-107. 3. Cambridge History of India, Vol. I, p. 501. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #102
azoka ane enA abhilekho pATaliputrane rAjaprAsAda maurya vaMzanuM pATanagara pATaliputra (paTanA) naMdavaMzanIya sthApanA pahelAM baMdhAyuM hatuM. caMdragupta mauryanA samayamAM e nagara bhAre jAhojalAlI dharAvatuM. e lagabhaga 9 mAIla lAMbuM ane 13 mAIla pahoLuM hatuM. ene pharato UMco koTa hato, jemAM 64 daravAjA ane 570 buraja hatA. koTane pharatI moTI khAI hatI, je lagabhaga 600 phUTa pahoLI ane 30 hAtha UMDI hatI. caMdraguptanA darabAramAM rahelA grIka elacI megasthanIse A nagaranuM Abehuba varNana karyuM che. tenA kahevA mujaba nadIkAMThe vaselA A nagarano koTa lAkaDAno hato ne emAM rAjamahela agrima sthAna dharAvato. e mahela IrAna ane elamanA rAjamahelo karatAMya vadhu bhavya hate. azoke pATaliputra tathA temAMnA rAjamahelane navuM bhavya svarUpa ApyuM. sADI chaso varSa pachI tyAM AvelA cInI pravAsI phA-sthAne nedhyuM che ke te nagaranI madhyamAM Avela prAcIna rAjaprAsAda ane sabhAgRho azokanI AjJAthI daivI soe bAMdhyAM hatAM; A lokanA koI mAnuSI hAthe e siddha thaI zake nahi. phA-hyAne tenAM zilAmaya dIvAlo tathA daravAjA tema ja bhavya kotarakAma ane bArIka jaDAvakAmanI prazaMsA karI che. A parathI mAlUma paDe che ke azoke agAunI lAkaDAnI sAmagrIne badale emAM paththaranI sAmagrI vaparAvI tene suMdara zilpakRtiothI alaMkRta karAvyo haze. phA-hyAna tathA yuana zavAMge pATaliputra nagaramAM azoka staMbha paNa joyelo.* rAjadhAnI ane rAjamahelane lagatI A anuzrutine purAvastukIya utpanana dvArA keTaluMka samarthana maLyuM che. emAM nagarakoTanA pAyAmAM bAra-tera phUTa lAMbA ADA pATaDAo para UbhA staMbha sAlavavAmAM AvyA che. 15-15 phUTanA aMtare UbhA karelA 15-15 zilAkhaMnI 15-15 haroLavALA sabhAgRhanA avazeSa maLyA che. A staMbha lagabhaga 20 phaTa UMcA hatA ne besaNImAM eno vyAsa 3 phaTa hato. ene pharatI UMcI iMTerI dIvAla hatI ne ene traNa majalA hatA. taMbhanI zirAvaTImAM moTI zilpakRtio kotarI hatI ne enA geLa madhya bhAga para sArI paoNliza karelI hatI. IrAnanA prAcIna pATanagara pA~ paoNlisamAM AvA ja prAsAdanA pAyA mojUda che. vaLI 17 phaTa UMDe lAkaDAnuM bhaMyataLiyuM nIkaLyuM che, jenA paranA staMbha samaya jatAM 1-2. Mookerji, op. cit., pp. 94 f. 3. Ibid, pp. 95 f. 4. Ibid, p. 96, n. 1. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #103
vAstukalA ane zilpakalAmAM pradAna pahelAM pUrano ane pachI Agano bhoga banelA che. staMbhavALA sabhAgRhanI dakSiNe ekabIjAne samAMtara evI lAkaDAnI sAta pIThikAo maLI che. e dareka 30 phaTa lAMbI, 6 phaTa pahoLI ane 4 phaTa UMcI che. emAM mukha-maMDapanA staMbhone apUrva cekasAIthI sAlavavAmAM AvyA che. Ama paTanA pAse thayelA purAvastukIya ulbananamAM prAcIna pATaliputranA rAjaprAsAdanA lAkaDAnA tema ja paththaranA keTalAka avazeSa prApta thayA che. potAnA samasta rAjyamAM zilAraMbha ane zilAlekhono vyApaka pasAra karanAra azoke pATaliputramAMnA rAjaprAsAdamAMya zilAne upayoga karAvyo hoya e taddana saMbhavita che pa ane vihAro-dhArmika sthApatyamAM azokanuM pradAna AthIya vadhu jANItuM che. bauddha anuzruti to azoke 84,022 vihAra baMdhAvyA hovAnuM jaNAve che. emAM jaNAvyA mujaba azoke potAnA guru moggaliputra tissane bauddha dharmane vistAra keTalo che ema pUchatAM temaNe jaNAvyuM ke dharmanA 84,000 nikAya che; A parathI azoke e darekanA mAnamAM ekeka vihAra baMdhAvavA nakkI karyuM; ne bhAratabharamAM 84,02 nagaro pasaMda karI tyAM potAnA sAmaMto dvArA 84,000 vihAra baMdhAvyA. emAM pATaliputra vihAra azoke pote baMdhAvyo. phA-hyAna neve che ke azoke ATha stUpone nAza karI tene badale 84,022 sUpa baMdhAvyA, kema ke mAnavadehanAM asthi 84,022 aNunAM banelAM che. bhagavAna buddha parinirvANa pAmyA tyAre temanAM asthi ATha hakadArone vaheMcI ApavAmAM AvelAM ne te dareke tenA para ekeka khU5 cagAvelo.5 e paikI hAla nepAlanI sarahada para pipAvAnA stUpanA avazeSa hAtha lAgyA che.' paraMtu "divyAvadAnamAM ApelI anukAlIna anuzruti jaNAve che ke azoke e AThamAMnA sAta stUpa khelAvI nAkhI temAMnAM asthi pote baMdhAvelA hajAro tUpamAM vaheMcI dIvelAM.9 eka stUpane nAgoe bacAvI lIdhelo. AgaLa jatAM phI-hyAne paNa A anuzruti noMdhI che. 9. Myokerji, op. cit., pp. 96 f. 2-3. Ibid, p. 80. 4. Ibid, pp. 80 . 5-6. Ibid, p. 80, p. . 7-8. Ibid. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #104
azoka ane enA abhilekhe. buddhoSa vaLI jarA judI vAta kare che. te jaNAve che ke bhagavAna buddhanA parinirvANa pachI vIsa varSe mahAkAzyapanI salAhathI rAjA ajAtazatrue e sarva tUpone kholAvI temAMnAM asthi kADhI lIdhAM ne e barAbara jaLavAI rahe e hetuthI tene mATe khAsa baMdhAvelA bhUgarbha-khaMDamAM tene padharAvyAM. azokane pelA sAta stUpomAM asthi na maLyAM tyAre teNe te A sthaLe zodhI kADhayAM ne potAnA 84,0OO. tUpamAM padharAvyAM.1 A sarva anukRtio akAlIna tathA sAMpradAyika che. emAM kaMI aitihAsika tathya raheluM hoya, topaNa AMkaDAnI spaSTa atizayokita che. bauddha dharma tarapha parama anurAga dharAvatA azoke potAnA rAjyamAM aneka sthaLoe navA stUpa baMdhAvyA haze, paraMtu temAM padharAvavA mATenAM asthi meLavavA eNe jUnA sUpa khelAvI, khAlIkhama karI dIdhA haze e zaMkAspada che. azoke anekAneka stUpa baMdhAvelA e anukRti sAtamI sadI sudhIya pracalita hatI. yuAna zvAMga azoke kAzmIramAM 500 vihAra baMdhAvelA hovAnuM jaNAve che ne bIjA keTalAka pradezomAM paNa tevI moghama saMkhyA Ape che. enA samayamAM bhAratamAM ThekaThekANe azoke baMdhAvelA jUnA stUpa batAvavAmAM AvatA hatA. yuana vAge potAnA pravAsagraMthamAM eMsIeka stUpenI bAbatamAM e azoke baMdhAvyA hevAnuM noMdhyuM che. eNe vaLI pAraviputramAM azoke azokArAma ke kumbhaTArAma nAme vihAra baMdhAvyuM hovAnuM paNa noMdhyuM che. tArAnAthanA jaNAvyA mujaba azoke rAjagRha pAsenA nAlaMdA vihAra dhAmamAM keTalAya vihAra baMdhAvelA. paraMtu A paikInA koI stupanA ke vihAronA avazeSa hAla bhAgye ja mojUda rahelA che. mAtra vaizAlI pAse eNe joyelA eka stUpane kesariyAmAM maLelA stUpa tarIke oLakhI zakAya che. azokanA abhilekhamAM eNe baMdhAvelA stUpa ke vihArane ullekha maLyo nathI. eNe bodhitIrtha uparAMta lumbinI ane niglIvanI yAtrA karI hatI, lumbinInA 4. Ibid., p. 81 n. 2. Ibid, p. 82. 3. Ibid, p. 82, p. 1. 4. Ibid, p. 82, p. 2, 4. Smith, As'oka, pp. 109 f. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #105
vAsanukalA ane zilpakalAmAM pradAna 69 caityanI pUjA karI hatI ne niglIvamAM kanakamuni buddhanA stUpane bamaNe moTo karAvyo hato evo emAM ullekha Ave che, paraMtu eNe baMdhAvelA koI navA stUpano ullekha Avato nathI. paraMtu be stUpanA mULa bhAga azoke baMdhAvyA hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. bhagavAna buddha jevI vibhUtinAM pavitra asthine pAtramAM mUkI enI upara goLArdha ghATano stUpa caNavAnIne pachI enI ArAdhanA karavAnI prathA ghaNA samayathI pracalita hatI. zarUAtamAM A stUpa kAcI IMTonA baMdhAtA. A IMTo lagabhaga 1641043 iMcanA meTA kadanI hatI. skUpanuM goLArdha aMDa lagabhaga 35 phUTa UMcuM caNAnuM ne ene vyAsa paNa 70 phaTa jeTalo rakhAto. aMDanI Toca para lAkaDAnI mAnasUcaka chatrayaSTi UbhI karavAmAM AvatI. iMTerI aMDanI sapATI para cUnAne lepa lagAvavAmAM Avato ne emAM vacce vacce dI mUkavA mATenA gokhalA rAkhavAmAM AvatA. enA para raMga tathA caLakATa lagAvavAmAM Avato ne ene phulahAra, dhajApatAkA vagerethI zaNAvavAmAM Avato. ene pharatI pradakSiNA karavAnI hoI, khullA pradakSiNA-pathane pharatI lAkaDAnI vedikA (vaMDI) karavAmAM AvatI. vedikAnI aMdara dareka dizAmAM ekeka dvAra rAkhavAmAM AvatuM azoke baMdhAvelA be IMTarI stUpa madhya pradezamAM maLyA che - eka sAMcImAM ane bIjo bharahutamAM. sAMcIno stUpane AgaLa jatAM paththaranA AcchAdana vaDe bamaNo moTo karavAmAM Avyo che. hAla ene vyAsa 120 phaTa jeTalo ne enI UMcAI 54 phaTa jeTalI che. enA zilA-AcchAdananI aMdara enA aMDano mULa IMTerI bhAga rahelo che. enI vedikA lAkaDAnI hatI. vedikAnA staMbha 9 phUTa UMcA hatA ne baLe phaTane aMtare kheDAyA hatA. enI aMdara vacce bAkorAM pADIne traNa traNa ADA pATaDA khesavAmAM AvyA hatA. e pATaDA baLe phaTa pahoLA hatA ne pAse pAsenA pATaDAo vacce phakata savA traNa iMca jeTalI ja jagA rAkhavAmAM AvI hatI. UbhA staMbhonI Toca para goLa upalI bAjuvALA A kaTherA sAlavavAmAM AvatA. chatranA avazeSa paththaranA maLyA che. vedikAnAM pravezadvAronA svarUpane khyAla paththaranAM anukalIna tAraNonA svarUpa parathI Ave che, jemAM be UMcA staMbha ane enA upalA bhAgamAM sAlavelA traNa ADA pATaDA zilpa-alaMkRta che. 1. razminaI ane niglIva staMbhalekha. 2. Percy Brown, Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu) (5th ed.), p. 13. 3. Ibid, p. 14. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #106
azaka ane enA abhilekha bharahutanA stUpamAM tenuM mULa kada yathAvat rahevA devAmAM AvyuM hatuM. enA aMDane vyAsa 68 phaTa jeTalo hato. enI anukalIna pASANa-vedikA zilpakalAthI vibhUSita che. ene staMbha lagabhaga sAta phUTa UMcA che. enA avazeSa hAla kalakattAnA inDiyana myujhiyamamAM rAkhavAmAM AvyA che. stUpanA aMDanA avazeSa sthAnika lokoe IMTo mATe astavyasta karI raphedaphe karI dIdhA che. amarAvatImAM azokanA staMbhalekhanA khaMDa jevo eka abhilekha maLyo che. te lekha azokano hoya to amarAvatIne mULa stUpa paNa teNe baMdhAvyo gaNAya. bihAramAM bhikSuone rahevA mATe vacalA cikanI AsapAsa sIdhI haroLamAM oraDIo bAMdhavAmAM AvatI. smAraka staMbha - azake rAjyamAM ThekaThekANe goLa zilAkhaMbha UbhA karAvyA. A staMbha eka AkhI zilAmAMthI ghaDelA hatA ne enI Toca para judI judI zilpakRti dharAvatI zirAvaTI sAlavavAmAM AvatI. keTalAka staMbha para lekha kotarAvyA hatA. azokanA smAraka taMbha e bhAratanA zilA-sthApatyanA prAcInatama namUnA che. cothI sadInA AraMbhamAM cInI pravAsI phanAne azokanA cha staMbha joyAnuM noMdhyuM che. emAMnA be staMbha zrAvatI nagarInA jetavana vihAranA pravezadvAranI be bAjue hatA; ekanI Toca para cakranI ane bIjAnI Toca para vRSabhanA ghATanI zirAvatI hatI. eka staMbha saMkAzya nagaramAM hato; e 50 hAtha UMco hato, ne enI Toca para siMhanI AkRti hatI; ne enI cAre bAjue buddhanI pratimA dharAvatA gokhalA hatA. eka staMbha vaizAlIthI kuzinagara javAnA mArga para hate. e bihAranA caMpAraNa jillAmAM AvelA staMbhe paikIne eka, prAya: lariyAararAja(ke rAdiyA)no staMbha hovA saMbhave che. enA para lekha kotarelo hovAnuM paNa jaNAvyuM che. eka staMbha pATaliputramAM hato; eno gherAvo 15 hAtha hato ne e 30thI vadhu phaTa UMco hato. eka bIjo staMbha paNa te nagaramAM Avelo hato. e paNa 30 phaTathI vadhu UMco hato ne enI Toca para siMhanI AkRti hatI. 1. Ibid., p. 14. 2. D. C. Sricar, "Fragmentary Pillar Inscripticn ficm Amaravati", Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXV, pp. 40 ff. 3. Mookerji, op. cit., p. 43. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #107
vAstukalA ane zilpakalAmAM pradAna 3 sAtamI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM yuana vAMge azekanA paMdara staMbha joyA hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. emAMnA pAMca phA-hyAne noMdhelA staMbhA paikInA che. saMkAzyanA staMbha para beThelA siMhanI zirAvaTI che;ra zrAvastInA jetavana vihAranA be staMbha tenA pUrva dvAranI be bAjue AvelA che. pATaliputramAMnA zilAlekhAvALA staMbha para azoke jambudrIpa bhikSusaMdhane arpaNa karI tenuM mUlya cUkavI tene pAchA lIdhA hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che." phA-hyAne paNa A lekhane AveA sAra jaNAvelA. A staMbhanA khaMDa maLyA che. pATilaputranA bIjA staMbhane yuana svAMga azokanA narakAgAra ke kArAgAranuM sthAna darzAvatA jaNAve che.pa Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 1. Ibid., pp. 83 f. 2. Watters, op cit., i, 334. 3. Ibid., p. 383. 4. Idid., ii, 93. 5. Ibid., p. 88. 6. Ibid., ii, 5. 7. Ibid., p. 6. 8. Mookerji, op. cit., pp. 84 f. kapilavastu pAsenA eka staMbha kakucchanda nAme pUrvabuddhanA smArakarUpe hateA; e 30 phuTathI vadhu UMcA hatA, enI Toca para siMhanI AkRti hatI ne enA para e buddhanA parinirvANanI hakIkata lakhelI hatI.(r) kapilavastu najIka AvelA eka bIjo staMbha kanakamuni buddhanI yAdagIrImAM hatA; enI Toca para siMha hatA ne e 20 phUTathI vadhu UMcA hatA.' enA para e buddhanA parinirvANanA vRttAMta lakhyo hAvAnuM yuana svAMga jaNAve che, paraMtu e barAbara lAgatuM nathI. kema ke A staMbha spaSTata: niglImAM lakhe staMbha che te enA paranA lekhamAM tA ke e buddhatA stUpa baAA mATo karAvyo hovAnuM ne tyAM rAjyakAlanA vIsamA varSe jAte AvI pUjA karI hAvAnuM jaNAvyuM che. AthI A lekha yuana zvAMge jAte vAMcyo na hAvAnuM ane tenA lakhANa mATe sthAnika anuzruti para AdhAra rAkhyo hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. lumbinInA staMbha paNa yuana zvAMge joyelA. tenI Toca para azvanI AkRti hatI. tyAre enI zirAvaTI vIjaLIthI tUTI jaIne nIce paDelI hatI. hAla paNa enI zirAvaTInI besaNImAM Ubhe cIrA paDelA che, paraMtu azvanI AkRti mojUda rahI nathI. A staMbha paranA lekhamAM bhagavAna buddhanA janmanI hakIkata For Private And Personal Use Only 1

Page #108
92 azoka ane enA abhilekho ApI hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che; kharI rIte A lekhamAM paNa azoke buddhanA A janmasthAnanI yAtrA ane pUjA karI hovAnuM lakhyuM che. kusitArAnA sataMbha para buddhanA parinirvANane lagato lekha hato. tyAMnA eka bIjA staMbha paranA lekhamAM buddhanAM asthinA ATha hakadAro vacce thayelA vibhAjananI hakIkata hatI. hAla A bemAMne eka staMbha maLyo nathI. sAranAthanA mArga para AvelA staMbha paranI paoNliza arIsA jevI caLakatI hatI. A staMbha 1908nA hullaDamAM toDI nAkhelI vArANasInI 'lATa bharo' hovA saMbhave che. sAranAthano staMbha 70 phaTa UMce hato; ne te dharmacakrapravartananA sthaLa para sthapAyo hato. A staMbha hAla khaMDita dazAmAM che ne hajI tyAM mojUda che; tenI suprasiddha zirAvaTI sAranAthanA myujhiyamamAM rAkhelI che. mahAzAlAnA panI mokhare sthapAyelA staMbhanI Toca para siMha hatA ne tenA para lekha kotarelo hato. vaizAlImAM lagabhaga 50 phaTa UMco saMbha hato; tenI Toca para siMhanI AkRti hatI. basADha (vaizAlI) pAse AvelA koluhA (prAcIna kollAga) gAmamAM staMbha A che. enA para lekha kotarela nathI. rAjagRhamAM 50 phUTathI vadhu UMcA staMbha hato; tenI Toca para gajanI AkRti hatI ne staMbha para lekha paNa hato. A staMbha hAla maLyo nathI. azoke badhA maLIne trIseka staMbha karAvyA lAge che. emAMnA keTalAka cInI pravAsIonA jovAmAM AvyA nahotA, jyAre te ApaNA jANavAmAM AvelA che. hAla azokanA lekha kotarelA dasa staMbha maLyA che. mujhaphapharapura jillAnA koluhA gAmane staMbha lekha vinAne che. e staMbha hajIya enA mULa sthAne akhaMDita Ubhe che (AkRti 5). evI rIte lauriyA-naMdanagaDha( ke mAthiyA)no lekhavALo staMbha . Watters, op. cit., ii, 14. 2. Ibid., p. 28. 3. Ibid., p. 42. 4. Ibid., p. 48. 4. Mookerji, op. cit., p. 85. 6. Watters, op. cit., ii, 50. 7. Ibid. p. 60. 8. Ibid., p. 65. 9. Ibid p. 162. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #109
vAstukalA ane zilpakalAmAM pradAna paNa mULa jagyAe sAjo me khaDo che (AkRti 6). bIjA badhA staMbha khaMDita che ne tenI zirAvaTIo myujhiyamamAM jaLavAI che. A sarva staMbha bauddha tIrthasthAnee ke tIrthasthAnonA mArga para AvelA che. bihAramAMnA cAreya staMbha pATaliputrathI lumbinI-musinArAnAM tIrthasthAnAe javAnA mArga para AvelA che. lumbinI ane niglIva tema ja sAranAtha bauddha tIrthasthAne che. kauzAMbI ane sAMcI bauddha dharmanAM kendra hatAM ane ToparA tathA mIrata paNa tevAM kendra haze. ' A sarva staMbha Ama chuTA UbhelA staMbha che, koI imAratanI chatanA TekArUpe nathI. chatAM te stUpa jevI dhArmika imAratanA saMdarbhamAM sthapAyela che. A rIte azokanA staMbha koI ne koI prakAranA smAraka staMbha che. staMbhanuM svarUpa-A staMbhane mukhya bhAga (daMDa) paththaranI eka saLaMga chATamAMthI ghaDelo hoya che. AthI ene "ekazilAmaya staMbha' kahe che. staMbhane daMDa vRttAkAra hoya che ne enI sapATI sAdI arthAt alaMkRta hoya che. daMDane vyAsa nIce 35 iMcathI 49 iMca jeTalo hoya che ne e UMce jatAM tADa vRkSanI jema saheja-saheja nAno thato jAya che, AthI Toce ane vyAsa 22 iMcathI 35 IMca jeTalo thAya che. staMbhano daMDa lagabhaga 30thI 40 phaTa UMce hoya che. ene alaga besaNI hotI nathI; eno 8-10 phaTa jeTalo nIcalo bhAga jamInamAM dATavAmAM Avato. jamInanI uparanA daMDanI sapATIne vajalepa vaDe opa caDAvavAmAM Avyo hoya che. svataMbhanA daMDa para zirAvaTI sAlavavAmAM AvatI. daMDanI jema zirAvaTI paNa eka saLaMga zilAmAMthI ghaDelI hoya che. enA mukhyatve traNa bhAga hoya che: (1) nIceno UMco padmAkAra bhAga, (2) vacaluM goLa ke corasa phalaka ane (3) enI upara kaMDArelI prANInI AkRti ke AkRtio. AkhI zirAvaTI lagabhaga 5 thI 10 phaTa UMcI hoya che. AthI Akho staMbha lagabhaga 40 thI 50 phaTa UMco dekhAya che. lariyA-naMdanagaDha staMbha hAla jamInanI sapATI para kula 39 pha Ta 7 IMca UMco che; agAu jamInanI sapATI hAlanA karatAM 2 phaTa nIcI hatI. tyAM sudhI tene daMDa paoNliza karelo che. enI nIceno bhAga saphAIthI ghaDelo nathI. ne tene pharato 2 iMca jADo prakSepa che. ATha phUTa nIce paththaranI corasa besaNI che, je cAre bAju 2 phUTa lAMbI che. mULa staMbha jamInanI sapATI para kula 41 phaTa 72 For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #110
94 azoka ane enA abhilekhe iMca UMco hato, jemAM enI 6 pha Ta 10 iMca UMcI zirAvaTIno samAveza thAya che. staMbhanA ekazilAmaya daMDanI UMcAI jamInanI sapATI nIcenA 8 phaTa sAthe kula 42 phaTa 9 iMca che.' ruminadeI staMbha jamInanI sapATI para 21 phaTa, lariyA-ararAja staMbha 36 phaTa, sAranAthano staMbha 37 phaTa, alAhAbAda-kosama staMbha 42 phaTa 7 iMca, dilhI-ToparA staMbha 42 phaTa7 iMca, ane rAmapuravA staMbha 44 phUTa 9 iMca UMco che. lauriyA-naMdanagaDha, rAmapuravA ane koluhAnA staMbhanI zirAvaTImAM eka siMhanI AkRti kADhelI che. sAMcI ane sAranAthanA staMbhanI zirAvaTImAM cAra bAju cAra siMha kotaryA che. lauriyA-ararAjanA rastaMbhanI zirAvaTImAM eka siMha hato. rAmapuravAnA lekha vagaranA staMbhanI zirAvaTImAM vRSabhanI AkRti najare paDe che. phA-sthAna ane yuana zvAMge noMdhelA staMbho paikI keTalAkane siMhanA ghATanI, ekane gajanA ghATanI, ekane azvanA ghATanI ane ekane vRSabhanA ghATanI zirAvatI hatI, jyAre eka staMbhanI zirAvaTImAM cakranI AkRti hatI.* pharekhAbAda jillAnA saMkisA nAme gAmamAM AvA eka staMbha para gajanA AkAravALI zirAvakI maLI che. kosama(kauzAMbI)mAM lekha vinAno eka staMbha maLyo che, paNa tenI zirAvaTI maLI nathI. razmina deI staMbhanI zirAvaTImAM avanI AkRti hatI. Ama azokanA staMbhanI zirAvaTInI Toce siMha, gaja, azva ke vRSabhanI AkRti rajU thatI. sAranAthanI zivaTInA phalaka para cAra bAjue A cAra pazuonI AkRti kaMDArelI che. daMDa ane zirAvaTIne tAMbAnA khIlA vaDe ekabIjA sAthe sAlavavAmAM Avela che. 4. Smith, As'oka, p. 118. 2. Mookerji, op. cit., p. 90, n. 1. 3. Ibid, p. 90. 7. Ibid., pp. 83 ff. 5. Ibid., p. 84, p. 1. 6. Ibid., p. 85. che. A staMbhanAM anukAlIna anukaraNamAM, khAsa karIne sAcI ane bhAratamAM, A uparAMta bakaro, UMTa vagere itara prANIonI tema ja mAnavonI AkRtio najare paDe che. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #111
vAstukalA ane zilpakalAmAM pradAna zirAvaTInuM kalAsauMdarya-staMbhanI racanAmAM zilpI dhAre te vipula kalAsauMdarya darzAvI zake che. anukAlIna staMbhanI sarakhAmaNIe joIe, to azokanA staMbha ghaNI bAbatamAM sAdA che. ene alaga pIThikA na hovAthI zilpI zilpakalAnI eka agatyanI bhUmikAthI vaMcita rahe che. vaLI staMbhano daMDa paNa tADavRkSanA thaDanI jema sAdo, ekasarakho ane vRttAkAra hoya che. enA alaga bhAga pADavAmAM AvatA nahi ne ene catuSkoNa, aSTakoNa vagere kalAtmaka AkAra ApavAmAM AvatA nahi tema ja tenA para kaMI suzobhanAtmaka rUpAMkana karavAmAM AvatAM nahi. jamInanI sapATI parathI 30-40 phaTanI UMcAI sudhIno ekasarakho ne analaMkRta vRttAkAra ekavidhatA ane nIrasatAnI chApa pADe che. chatAM tenA parano bhAre caLakATa ene kaMIka darzanIya banAve che. vaLI enI sapATI para kotarelA lekha paNa enI ekavidhatAmAM kaMIka ghaTADo kare che. daMDanI kRzatA tathA UMcAI tema ja tene ghaTato jato gherAvo ekaMdare nAjuka ramaNIya imAratanI chApa pADe che. paraMtu staMbhanI kalAtmaka zirAvaTI daMDanI nIrasatAne pUro badalo vALI de che. azokanA staMbhanI zirAvaTIo e enA samayanI sarvottama kalAkRtio che eTaluM ja nahi, e prAcIna bhAratanI prazasya kalAkRtiomAM agrima sthAna dharAve che. staMbhanI zirAvaTInA kalAvidhAnamAM zilpIe jANe potAnA kalAkauzalane pUrNa kaLAe prayojayuM che. zivarIne mukhya bhAga ghaMTAkAra che. eno vyAsa lagabhaga 3 phaTa jeTalo hoya che ne ene bAhya AkAra ekaMdare ghaMTa jevo hoya che. ene upalo bhAga che nA hoya che, enI nIceno bhAga thoDo bahAra nIkaLe che, enI nIceno bhAga vaLI aMdara jAya che ne cheka nIcalo bhAga vadhAre pramANamAM bahAra laMbAya che. paraMtu dekhAvamAM A ghATa dAMTa jevo dekhAto nathI, kema ke enA bAhya bhAgane padmanI pAsAdAra ane vaLAMkadAra pAMkhaDIono dekhAva ApavAmAM Avyo che. AthI A kalAkRti dAMTa karatAM UMdhA padma jevI dekhAya che. paraMtu e IrAnI tathA grIka staMbhonI zirAvaTInA dAMTAkAra aMgane maLatI hoI, ene ekaMdare ghaMTAkAra gaNavAmAM 9. V. A. Smith, A History of Fine Art in Indian and Ceylon, pp. 17-20; A. K. Coomarswamy, History of Indian and Indonesian Art, pp. 17-18; J. Fergusson, History of Indian and Eastern Architecture, Vol. I, pp. 56-60; Rowland, The Art and Architecture of India, pp. 43-46. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #112
azoka ane enA abhilekhe Ave che. chatAM e ghaMTAkAranA kalevara para vaLAMkadAra padma lonuM alaMkaraNa ja agragaNya banI rahe che. staMbhadaMDa rUpI padmanAlamAMthI padma khIlatuM hoya tevo suMdara dekhAvA lAge che. staMbhadaMDa ane zirAvaTInI vacce mekhalA kADhavAmAM Ave che; padma ane phalaka vacce paNa kaMTha kADhavAmAM Ave che. enA uparanuM phalaka cerasa ke vRttAkAra hoya che. enI pahoLI bAjuo para vividha suzobhanonI alpamUrta kotaraNI karI hoya che. lauriyA-naMdanagaDha taMbhanI 'zirAvaTImAM haMsanI suMdara haroLa upasAvI che (AkRti 6). rAmapuravAnI siMhazirAvaTImAM paNa haMsAvalI najare paDe che (AkRti 7). rAmapuravAnI vRSabhazirAvaTInA phalaka para madhumAlatI ane khajUrInuM surekha rekhAMkana kADhavAmAM Avela che (AkRti 9). saMkisAnA staMbhamAM paNa AvAM rekhAMkana karelAM che (AkRti 8). alAhAbAdanA staMbhamAM padma ane madhumAlatInuM suzobhana najare paDe che (AkRti 11). A suzobhanonI nIce kADhelI vela, mALA ke rajajunI paTI enI zobhAmAM abhivRddhi kare che. A sarva rekhAMkana asAdhAraNa cokasAIthI korelAM hoI zilpInuM abhuta kalAkauzala darzAve che. padma paranuM phalaka enI Toca para kaMDArelI pazupratimAnI paDavI banI rahe che. zirAvaTInuM, ne AkhAye staMbhanuM, cheka Toce AveluM ne sahuthI AkarSaka aMga e padma paranA phalaka para kotarelI pazu ke pazuonI AkRtio che. AmAM badhAM maLIne cAra pazuo che: siMha, gaja, azva ane vRSabha. emAM gaja e pUrva dizAnuM, azva e dakSiNa dizAnuM, vRSabha e pazcima dizAnuM ane siMha e uttara dizAnuM pAlaka pazu manAya che, paraMtu ahIM enI pasaMdagI te te dizAnA pratIka karatAM buddhanA pratIka tarIke thaI lAge che. dharmacakrapravartananuM sthaLa sUcavatA sAranAthastaMbhanI zirAvaTInA phalaka para cAreya pazuonI AkRtio kADhelI che (AkRti 10). koDA staMbhane daMDa bIjA staMbhonI sarakhAmaNIe TUMko ane jADo hoI beThA ghATano lAge che; enI zirAvaTI paranI siMhanI AkRti paNa kalA-kauzalanI adhUrapa darzAve che (AkRti ). lauriyA-naMdanagaDhanA staMbhano daMDa tathA tenI zirAvaTI paranI siMhanI AkRti zilpakalAnI pragati darzAve che (AkRti 6). rAmapuravA staMbha enA karatAMya UMco che; enI Toca para paNa siMhanI AkRti kotarelI che (AkRti 7). For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #113
vAstukalA ane zilpakalAmAM pradAna - saMkisA staMbhanI zirAvaTI para gajanI AkRti kADhelI che, paraMtu enI sUMDha tathA pUMchaDI tUTI gayelI che (AkRti 8). rAmapuravA staMbhanI zirAvaTI paranA vRttAkAra phalaka paranI vRSabhanI AkRti pUrNamUrta zilpakRtine eka uttama namUno che, jemAM vRSabhanuM jIvaMta AbehUba svarUpa surekha kalAtmaka abhivyakita pAmyuM che (AkRti 9). sAMcIno staMbhanI zirAvaTI para cAra bAjue kADhelI cAra siMhanI AkRtio paNa zilpakalAnI vikasita dazA vyakata kare che. paraMtu sAranAthanA staMbhanI zirAvaTI (AkRti 10) to azokanA samayanA kalAkAranuM sarvottama kalAkauzala darzAve che. emAM padma paranuM phalaka dharmacakrapravartananA e sthaLane saMketo dvArA AbehUba rIte sUcita kare che. e vRttAkAra phalakanI kinArI para cAre bAjue 24 ArAnA dharmacakranI ekeka suMdara AkRti upasAvavAmAM AvI che ne emAMnA babbe cakranI vacce kramaza: gaja, azva, vRSabha ane siMhanI surekha adhamUrta AkRti kotarelI che. pUrvAdi cAra dizAnAM pratIka evAM A pazuonA gatimAna svarUpa dvArA, A sthaLe bhagavAna buddho pravartAveluM dharmacakra cAre dizAmAM pravartatuM rahe evuM sUcita karAtuM jaNAya che. A phalaka para cAra dizAmAM ekabIjAne pITha TekavIne UbhelA cAra siMhanA agrabhAga kotaravAmAM AvyA che. emAM e pazunAM aMgopAMganI surekhatA, enI kezavALInI bhavyatA ane enA paga tathA paMjAnA snAyuo tathA nasanI tAdRzatA vanarAjanuM evuM AbehUba svarUpa vyakata kare che ke A AkRtio ghaDanAra zilpInA kalAkauzalanI mukata kaMThe prazaMsA karavAmAM Ave che. dA.ta., vinsTanTa smitha A kalAkRtinuM rasadarzana karatAM noMdhe che ke "A manahara kalAkRti, je vAstavika rUpAMkana ane AdarzAtmaka rUpagauravanuM saphaLa saMyojana dharAve che ne je dareka vigatamAM saMpUrNa cokasAI sAthe saMvidhAna pAmyuM che tenAthI caDiyAto ke tenI barobarIne paNa prAcIna pazuzilpane dAkhalo koI paNa dezamAM zodhavo muzkela paDe.' ahIM kalpanA ane vAstavikatAne suMdara sumeLa sadhAyo che. pASANa paranA opane laIne vanarAjanA deha para surekha suMvALapanI jhalaka camakI UThI che. sihonI pUrNamUrta AkRtio aisIriyA ane IrAnanI tevI AkRtionI History of Fine Art in India and .. 9. V. A. Smith, A Ceylon, p. 19. a0 7 For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #114
* azoka ane enA abhilekho yAda Ape che, te phalaka paranI adhamUrti AkRtio zuddha bhAratIya bhAva vyakata kare che. sAranAtha staMbhanI A zirAvaTIne AjhAda bhAratanA rASTrapratIka tarIke pasaMda karavAmAM AvI che. zAMti ane ahiMsAnI bhAratIya bhAvanA sAthe vanarAjanI vikarALa AkRtione kevI rIte meLa maLe evuM upalaka dRSTie lAge, paraMtu siMha ahIM zAkyasiMha buddhanA pratIkarUpe che. vaLI A staMbhanI mULa zirAvaTImAM A siMhonA mastaka para 32 ArAnuM moTuM dharmacakra mUkeluM hatuM, jeno vyAsa 2 phUTa 9 iMca arthAt lagabhaga 0.8 mITara jeTalo hato. hAla A meTuM cakra chUTuM paDI gayuM che ne enA khaMDita aMza alaga rAkhelA che. paraMtu jyAre e enA mULa sthAne haze tyAre A samagra staMbhanuM sahuthI vadhu dhyAna kheMcatuM aMga e cAra siMha nahi paNa temanA mastaka para TekaveluM A meTuM dharmacaka ja jaNAtuM haze e spaSTa che. bauddha dharmanAM triratnamAM, khAsa karIne sAranAthamAM, sahuthI vadhu mahatva dharmanuM raheluM che e A meTuM dharmacaka Abehuba sUcave che. bhAnAM vidhAna ane sthApana-ekazaila staMbhadaMDa ane ekazaila zirAvaTanA banelA A zilAtaMbhanI zilAo to jyAM evI meTI ane majabUta zilAonI khANa hoya tevA sthaLe maLatI haze ne jyAM ekasarakhI hunnarapaddhati ane zilpazailI vikasI hoya tevA kendrIya kArakhAnAmAM e staMbha ane enI zirAvaTIo ghaDAtI haze. te baddha tIrthasthAna ane mahattvanAM mathakoe A moTA bhAre staMbhane pahoMcADavAmAM ne tyAM te UMcA staMbhane UbhA karI bhUmimAM sthApavAmAM keTalI badhI jahemata ne AvaDatanI jarUra paDI haze! 50 iMcanA gherAvAvALA ane 50 phaTa UMcA zilAstaMbhanuM sarerAza vajana 50 Tana jeTaluM hovAnuM aMdAjavAmAM AvyuM che. caudamI sadImAM taghalaka sulatAna phIrojhazAhe TeparAthI eka zilArtabha dilhI khaseDAze te tyAM phIrojhazAha koTalAmAM ene Ubho karAvyuM tyAre 42 paiDAMvALuM eka khAsa vAhana banAvarAvI, tenA dareka paiDAne doraDuM bAMdhI te dareka deraDuM basa-base majUroe kheMcavuM paDeluM. 120 mAIlanA aMtare e staMbha khaseDatAM ATalI mahenata paDI, to azokanA samayamAM trIseka staMbhane khaDatAM keTalI badhI mahenata paDI haze! emAMnA keTalAka staMbha to e khaMbha karatAM ghaNA bhAre hatA ne ene ghaNA aMtare laI javA paDyA hatA. vaLI staMbhane bhUmimAM sthApavA mATe moTI paththaranI besaNI taiyAra karI, taMbhane UbhuM karI e besaNImAM goThavavAmAMya keTalI mahenata paDatI haze ! For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #115
vAstukalA ane zilpakalAmAM pradAna 99 zailagraho-azokanA samayanA IMTarI vihAra mojUda rahyA nathI. paraMtu sAdhuonA nivAsa mATe zaila(gara)mAM kaMDArelI guhA (guphAo)nA namUnA maLyA che. gayAnI uttare lagabhaga paMdara mAIla para barAbara nAme parvata Avelo che. azokanA samayamAM e parvata 'khalatika' nAme oLakhAto hato. AgaLa jatAM enuM 'gorathagiri' nAma paDyuM. pachI chaThThI-sAtamI sadImAM vaLI e "pravaragiri' nAme oLakhAyo. enuM vartamAna nAma 'barAbara' A pravara' nAma parathI vyutpanna thayuM che. A parvatamAM cAra guphAo kaMDArelI che. e guphAo azokanA samayanI che. azake e guphAo AjIviko mATe kaMDArAvI ApelI, enA emAMnI traNa guphAomAM lekha kotarelA che. emanI pahelI guphA e samaye nigrodha (vaDa) guhA tarIke oLakhAtI hAlA e kaNa-caupara tarIke oLakhAya che. A guphAmAM eka sAdo laMbacorasa khaMDa che. e 33 phaTa 6 iMca lAMbo ane 14 phaTa pahoLo che ne enI dIvAlo lagabhaga 6 phaTa UMcI che; enI chata sapATa nahi paNa ardhanaLAkAra che. eno vacalo bhAga dIvAlonI Taca karatAM 4 phUTa 8 iMca UMco che. bIjI guphA sudAmA guphA tarIke oLakhAya che (AkRti 14). emAM eka laMbacorasa khaMDa che, je 19 phaTa 6 iMca pahoLo ane 32 pha Ta 9 iMca lAMbo che. A guphA pAchaLano DuMgarane bhAga vahelanI pIThanA AkArano hoI. enuM pravezadvAra AgalI TUMkI bAjune badale bAju paranI lAMbI bAjumAM karavuM paDyuM che. A khaMDanI dIvAlo 6 phUTa 9 iMca UMcI che; enI paranI ardhanaLAkAra chatano vacalo bhAga enA karatAM pa pha Ta 6 iMca UMco che. A laMbacorasa khaMDane pAchale cheDe eka alaga vRttAkAra khaMDa kaMDArelo che. eno vyAsa 19 phUTa lAMbe che ne enA paranI goLArdha ghATanI ghUmaTAkAra chatano vacalo bhAga 12 phaTa 3 iMca jeTalo UMco che. goLa parNakaTInI A spaSTata: zilAmaya pratikRti che. enI aMdaranI dIvAlomAM UbhA pATiyAM ke vAMsanuM anukaraNa darzAvyuM che tema ja enA pravezadvAramAM dvArazAkhAo kATakhUNe nahi paNa saheja aMdaranI bAjue DhaLatI rAkhelI che. enI sapATInA lagabhaga dareka bhAgane vajalepa vaDe opa ApavAmAM Avyo che. trIjI guphA lomeza RSine nAme oLakhAya che. emAM azakane abhilekha nathI. paraMtu emAM chaThThI sadImAM (arthAta azokanA pachInI navamI sadImAM) thayelA mokhari vaMzanA rAjA anaMtavarmAne abhilekha kotarelo che. chatAM enI vAstuzailI tathA vajalepanA lakSaNa parathI A guphA mauryakAlIna hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. zailamAM For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #116
100 azaka ane enA abhilekhe khAmI jaNAtAM mULa racanA paDatI mUkavAmAM AvI hatI. sudAmA guphAnI jema A guphAmAM paNa eka laMbacorasa khaMDa ane eka vRttAkAra khaMDa Avelo che, paraMtu emAM vRttAkAra khaMDa bahAra alaga kADhelo che (AkRti 15). vaLI enuM pravezadvAra ghaNuM alaMkRta ane darzanIya che (AkRti 16). emAM salATe sutharI kRtinI dareka vigatamAM AbehUba nakala karI che. mokhare 13-13 phaTa UMcI be UbhI zilAo che, je saheja aMdaranI bAjue DhaLatI che. enI Toca para be mukhya pATA TekavelA che; bAkInA badhA bha e be pATaDAne samAMtara goThavelAM che. e pATAo para traNa caMdrAkAra pATiyAMnuM baneluM vRtta chAvaNa che. e pATiyAMnA nIcalA cheDAone vRttAkAra khIlAo vaDe pakaDamAM rAkhelA che. pravezadvAra lagabhaga 9 phUTa UMcuM che ne ene aMdara UMDuM koceluM che. enA AgalA bhAga para ardha-vRttAkAra kamAna che ne enA para be caMdrAkAra jALIo kADhelI che, jemAM thaI aMdara prakAza Ave che. nIcalI jALImAM gajathara kotarelo che, jyAre upalI jALImAM jALIdAra vastranI bhAta kADhelI che. A baMne prakAranAM rekhAMkana lAkaDA paranA jALIdAra nakazIkAmanI nakalarUpe che. nIcalI jALImAM vacce vacce stUpa ghATanA UbhA TekA rAkhelA che ne enI be bAja e uttama rIte kaMDArelA gaja jANe e stUpa AgaLa vaMdanA karatA hoya tevI Dhabe kotarAyA che. kamAnadAra mukhabhAganI Toca para mATInA pakavelA agrabhAga jevo agrabhAga kADhelo che. A guphAnuM A manahara pravezadvAra, bharaDutanI zilpazailIne maLatI zailImAM kaMDArAyuM hoI, mauryakAla pachInA zuMgakAla daramyAna ghaNuM lAge che. cothI guphA, je vizva jhopaDI ke vizvAmitra guphA tarIke oLakhAya che, temAM paNa be khaMDa kADhelA che. paraMtu emAM bahArano khaMDa khaMDa karatAM varaMDA jevo che. bane khaMDa thoDA adhUrA che. A guphAmAM azokane abhilekha kotarelo che. barAbara DuMgaranI bAjumAM AvelA nAgArjunI DuMgaramAM paNa traNa guphAo kaMDArelI che. emAM azokanA vaMzaja dazarathanA abhilekha kotarelA che. e parathI A guphAo azokanA samaya pachI thoDA vakhatamAM thaI lAge che. gayAnI pUrve 25 mAIla ane rAjagRhanI dakSiNe 13 mAIla para sItAmaDhI nAme eka guphA AvelI che. e ardhanaLAkAra chatavALA laMbacerasa khaMDarUpe che. Ama zaila-utkIrNa sthApatyamAM paNa azokanuM pradAna prAcInatama namUnA tarIke noMdhapAtra che. nahera- maurya rAjyamAM siMcAI mATe naheronI ane ene lagatI vyavasthAnI sArI jogavAI rahelI hatI. azokanA samayamAM karelI naheronI jogavAIne eka dAkhalo rAjA For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #117
vAstukalA ane zilpakalAmAM pradAna 101 mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAnA jUnAgaDha zailalekhamAMthI jANavA maLe che. A lekha azokanA cauda dharmalekhavALA zaila para kotarAyo che. emAM jaNAvyA mujaba surASTra(saurASTra)nA vaDA mathaka girinagara (junAgaDha pAse) pAse, giri Urjayata(giranAra)mAMthI nIkaLatI suvarNasikatA (sonarekha) palAzinI vagere nadIonA pravAhanI ADe setu (baMdha) bAMdhIne sudarzana nAme jaLAzaya karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. A jaLAzaya maurya rAjA rAMdraguptanA rASTriya (rAjyapAla) vaizya puSyagupta karAvyuM hatuM. azoka mauryanA samayamAM rASTriya yavanarAja tuSAphe temAMthI nahero kaDhAvI. AgaLa jatAM cAra eka varSa pachI ativRSTine laIne nadIomAM AvelA bhAre pUrane laIne sudarzananA setumAM moTuM gAbaDuM paDyuM ne jaLAzaya khAlIkhama thaI gayuM tyAre te samayanA rAjyapAla suvizAkhe paurajano tathA jAnapada janonA anugraha arthe setu samarAvIne ene vadhu sudarzana banAvyuM. A ullekha parathI A jaLAzaya pIrajano (nagaranA jano) uparAMta jAnapadajano(janapadanA jana)ne paNa keTaluM upayogI hatuM enI pratIti thAya che. caMdraguptanA samayamAM A jaLAzaya mAtra nagarajanonuM ramaNIya vihArasthAna haze, jyAre azokanA samayamAM e AsapAsanA vizALa janapadanA saMkhyAbaMdha kRSikArone nahero vATe siMcAI mATe pANI pUruM pADanAruM upayogI jaLAzaya nIvaDyuM haze. Ama azoke laukika tathA dhArmika sthApatyanA kSetramAM paraMparAgata pradAna karatA rahIne tema ja zilA-sthApatyamAM tathA zilA-zilpanA kSetramAM keTalAMka navAM pradAna karIne bhAratIya prAcIna sthApatyamAM keTaloka gaNanApAtra phALo Apyo. 1. gi.va. AcArya, gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho', bhAga 1, lekha . 6. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #118
8, azekanA uttarAdhikArIo maurya vaMzamAM azoka pachI kayA ane keTalA rAjA thayA e nakkI karavuM muzkela che. emAMya azokano rAjyavAraso kone maLe te bAbatamAM tema ja tyAre enA rAjyanA bhAgalA paDelA ke kema te bAbatamAM matamatAMtara pravarte che. maurya sAmrAjyanI paDatI sAthe A bAbata saMkaLAyelI heI, azokanA uttarAdhikArIonI carcA ahIM jarUrI bane che, jethI enI paDatInA e eka saMbhavita kAraNamAM azokanI kaMI javAbadArI rahelI hatI ke kema e vicArI zakAya. - azokanA abhilekhamAM "putra, pautro ane prapautro, tasalImAM nimAyela 'kumAra', ujajayinImAM nimAyela 'kumAra', takSazilAmAM nimAyela 'kumAra', suvarNagirimAM nimAyela 'Aryaputra' ane dvitIya devI (rANI) kArUvAkInA tIvara nAme putrano ullekha Ave che. barAbara DuMgaranI bAjumAM AvelA nAgArjanI DuMgaranI guphAomAM "devanA priya dazaratha'nA nAmanA traNa lekha kotarelA che, je devone priya priyadarzI rAja' azokanA guphAlekho sAthe sAmya dharAve che. vaMza, khAsa karIne rAjavaMza, e purANonuM eka mukhya lakSaNa che. pAMca mahApurANomAM kaliyuganA bhAvI rAjavaMza tarIke je keTalAka rAjavaMza gaNAvAyA che temAM naMdavaMza pachI mauryavaMza gaNAvavAmAM Avyo che. A vaMzAvaLInI vigato judAM judAM purANomAM A pramANe ApI che: (1) matsyapurANa (2) vAyupurANa (272, 23-26) (99, 331-336) 1. caMdragupta 1. caMdragupta - 24 varSa 2. azoka - 36 varSa 2. bhadrasAra - 25 varSa 3. azoka - 36 varSa putra 1. A nAma matsyapurANanI amuka pratomAM ja che. caMdraguptanA rAjyakAla ane biMdusArane lagatI paMkitao hAla badhI pratomAM khUTe che. For Private And Personal Use Only

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azokanA uttarAdhikArIo 3. suyazA (?) - 10 varSa 4. kuzAla - 8 varSa - 8 varSa - 10 varSa - pa. baMdhupAlita - dazana (?) 7 (?) 6. indrapalita 7. devavarmA 4. dazaratha - 8 varSa 5. saMprati varSa , 8. zatadhara 9. bRhadratha - 8 varSa - 7 varSa 6. zatadhandhA 7. bRhadratha - 787) varSa - 137 varSa 10 rAjA - 137 varSa (3) brahmAMDapurANa (3, 74, 144-149) 1. caMdragupta - 24 varSa 2. bhadrasAra - 25 varSa 3. azoka - 36 9 rAjA (4) viSNupurANa (4, 24, 7-8) 1. caMdragupta 2. biMdusAra 4. kuzAla - * 5. baMdhupAlita 6. indrapAlita - 7. devavarmA - 7 varSa 3. azokavardhana 4. suyazA 5. dazaratha 6. saMgata 7. zAlizka 8. somazarmA 9. zatadhavA 10. bRhadratha 8. zatadhanvA - 8 9. bRhadratha - 7 varSa 9 rAjA - 137 varSa 10 rAjA - 137 varSa 1-2. sAmAnyata: sattAna sA varSA pATha che. pAjiTara saptAnA ne badale suthazA sUcave che; ane vAyupurANanI pratimAMnA razaH sata vana tarapha dhyAna kheMce che. 3. zatadhanvA ane bRhadrathane lagata zloka pratomAM azokane lagatI paMkitanI pahelAM mukAyo che, paraMtu pojiTara sUcave che tema te lokane saMpratine lagatI paMkita pachI mUkavo joIe. chatAM tenI pahelAM eka zloka khUTe che, jemAM saMpati ane zatadhavA vaccenA be rAjAonI vigata hovI joIe. be khUTatA zloka umerAya te ja rAjAonI kula saMkhyAne meLa maLe. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #120
104 azoka ane enA abhilekhe (6) vAyupurANa : prata (5) bhAgavatapurANa (12, 1, 13-16) 1. caMdragupta 1. caMdragupta - 24 varSa 2. vArisAra 3. azokavardhana 2. naMdasAra 3. azoka 4. suyazA 4. kulAla 5. saMgata 5. baMdhupAlita - 6. zAlizka putra 7. somazarmA 6. dazona - 7 varSa 7. dazaratha - 8. zatadhavA 9. bRhadratha 8. saMprati 9. zAlizuka 10. devadharmA 11. zatadhanvA - 13 - 7 varSa - 8 varSa 10 rAjA - 137 varSa - 12. bRhadratha - 87 (7)varSa 9 rAjA - 137 varSa (7) bhaviSyottara purANa 1. caMdragupta - 34 varSa 2, naMdasAra - 28 varSa 3. azoka -- 36 varSa 4. kunAla - 8 varSa 1. vaMzAvaLImAM viSapuraNanI jema suyazA ane saMgatanI vacce dazarathanuM nAma umeravuM joIe. athavA ahIM rAjAonI saMkhyA 10ne badale 9 kahevI joIe. 2. Pargiter, The Puran Text of the Dynasties of the Kali Age, pp. 28 ff. 3. D. R. Mankad, Puranic Chronology p. 99. For Private And Personal Use Only

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khakanA uttarAdhikArIo 15 pa. baMdhupAlita - 8 varSa 6. dazana - 70 (7) varSa 7. dazaratha - 8 varSa 8. saMprati - 8 varSa 9. zAtizUka - 13 varSa 10. devadharma - 7 varSa 11. zatadhanvA - 8 varSa 12. bRhadratha - 87 (7) varSa. A vaMzAvaLIonI tulanA karatAM eTaluM nizcita thAya che ke meMrya vaMzamAM kula 9 ke 10 rAjA thayA ne teoe ekaMdare 137 varSa rAjya karyuM, emAM pahelA traNa rAjA caMdragupta, biMdusAra ane azoka thayA ne teoe 24+25+36= 85 varSa rAjya karyuM chellA be rAjA zatadhanvA ane bRhadratha thayA ne teoe 8+7 = 15 varSa rAjya karyuM te paNa nizcita che. zatadhavAnA purogAmInuM nAma keTalAMka purANomAM devavarmA (ke devadharmA) ane keTalAMka purANomAM somazarmA jaNAvyuM che ne teNe 7 varSa rAjya karyuM. Ama chellA traNa rAjAoe ekaMdare 7-8+=22 varSa rAjya karyuM. maurya vaMzanAM kula 137 varSamAMthI pahelA traNa rAjAonAM 85 varSa ane chellA traNa rAjAonAM 22 varSa bAda karatAM 30 varSa bAkI rahe. e vaccenA rAjAone rAjyakAla gaNAya. paraMtu e rAjAonI saMkhyA, teonAM nAma ane teonA krama vize purANomAM ghaNo phera jovAmAM Ave che. azoka pachI eno putra kunAla gAdIe Avyo ne eNe 8 varSa rAjya karyuM evuM vA-brahmAMDa purANo parathI mAlUma paDe che. viSNu-- bhAgavata ene badale 'suyazA' nAma Ape che, te kunAlanuM bIjuM nAma hoI zake. viSNu-bhAgavata purANonuM 'saMgata'e chellAM be purANomAM jaNAvelA "saMprati' nAmanuM apabhraSTa rUpa jaNAya che. bhAgavatapurANamAM rAyazA ane somazarmAnI vacce jaNAvela saMgata ane zAlizUka te chellAM be purANomAM devadharmAnI pahelAM jaNAvelA saMprati ane zAlizUka che ne teoe vAyupurANa prata pramANe 9+13=22 varSa rAjya kareluM. A rIte kunAla-suyazAnAM 8, saMpatinAM 9 ane zAlizkanAM 13 For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #122
10: aka ane enA abhilekhe varSa gaNatAM kula 30 varSane meLa maLI rahe che. A anusAra maurya rAjAonI vaMzAvaLI A pramANe goThavAya: 1. caMdragupta - 24 varSa 2. biMdusAra - 25 varSa 3. azeka - 36 varSa -- 8 varSa 4. kunAla - suyazA 5. saMprati - 9 varSa - saMgata 6. zAlizka --13 varSa 7. devavarmA - 7 varSa - semazarmA 8. zatadhanvA - 8 varSa 9. bRhadratha - 7 varSa 9 rAjA -137 varSa A vaMzAvaLInA rAjAonAM nAma ane kama bhAgavatapurANamAM maLe che. e purANa rAjAonA rAjyakAlanAM varSanI saMkhyA ApatuM na hoI e saMkhyA anya purANomAMthI levAmAM AvI che. AmAM jaNAvelA azokanA uttarAdhikArIo paikI ghaNAne ulekha purANo uparAMta anyatra paNa maLe che. saMpatine ullekha bauddha'divyAvadAna'mAM azokanA putra tathA uttarAdhikArI tarIke Ave che. jaina lekhakomAM hemacandra tathA jinaprabhasUri paNa teno ullekha kare che. 'azokAyadAna'mAM te tenAM suMdara netrAne laIne aparamAtA tiSyarakSA tenA para mohita thayA, azoke takSazilAne baLavo zamAvavA kunAlane For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #123
azokanA uttarAdhikArIo 107 tyAM mokalyAnuM ne pitAnA praNayanI niSphaLatAthI dAjhe baLatI tiSyarakSAe azokanA nAme kunAlane aMdha karAvyAnuM jaNAvyuM che. A anuzruti ghaNe aMze kapolakalpita hovA saMbhave che. jaina anuzrutimAM to aMdha kunAlanA putrasaMpratine azokano sIdho uttarAdhikArI jaNAvyo che, jyAre ghaNAM purANamAM kunAle 8 varSa rAjya karyAnuM jaNAvyuM che. AthI enA aMdhatvanI vAtamAM kaMI aitihAsika tathya raheluM hoya to kunAle dhRtarASTranI jema aupacArika rIte rAjasattA dharAvI hoya; prAya: sagIra putra saMpratinA vAlI tarIke eTalAM varSa rAjyanAM sUtra dhAraNa karyA hoya. eNe "suyazA" evuM apara-nAma rAjyArohaNa samaye dhAraNa karyuM haze. 'divyAvadAnamAM ene dharmavivardhana' kahyo che. saMprati kunAlano putra ane azokane pautra hato, evuM bauddha tathA jaina sAhityamAM spaSTa jaNAvyuM che. suhastInA upadezathI eNe jaina dharma aMgIkAra karyo ne te jaina dharmane parama prabhAvaka banyo. eNe trikhaMDa bharatakSetrane jinAyatanethI vibhUSita karyuM. e pATaliputrathI ujajayinI sudhI rAjasattA dharAvato. zAlizkano ullekha "gArgIsaMhitA' nAme jyotiSagraMthamAM paNa Ave che. temAM ene duSTa kalahakArI ane julamI tema ja dharmanI vAto karavA chatAM adhArmika kahyo che. pachInA be rAjAo vize anya ullekha maLatA nathI. paraMtu chellA rAjA bRhadrathI vize bANabhaTTanA 'harSacarita'mAM paNa ullekha che. purANomAM bRhadrathane uthalAvI pADI senAnI puSyamitre zuMgavaMzanuM rAjya sthApyAnuM jaNAvyuM che; bANabhaTTa senApati puSyamitre rAjA bRhadrathanuM nikaMdana kevI rIte kADhayuM te jaNAve che. Ama purANomAM jaNAvelA azokanA A cha uttarAdhikArIo paikI cAra vize anya kRtiomAMthI samarthana maLe che. purANamAM ApelI bhinna bhinna vigatomAMthI upara pramANe nAmo pasaMda karatAM nava rAjAonI saMkhyA tema ja 137 vaIne meLa paNa maLI rahe che. 1. Thapar, op. cit, p. 52. 2. kunAla bauddha dharmathI vimukha thatAM bauddha bhikSuoe ene AdhyAtmika dRSTie 'aMdha' kahyo haze evuM thApara dhAre che (pR. 186). paraMtu ene bauddha divyAvadAne dharmavivardhana' kahyo che. 3. PHAI, p. 351. For Private And Personal Use Only

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108 azaka ane enA abhilekhe paraMtu azokanA uttarAdhikArIone prazna ATale saraLa nathI. upara jaNAvelA cha uttarAdhikArIo uparAMta bIjA aneka uttarAdhikArIono saMbhava vicAravAno rahe che. purANomAM ApelI vaMzAvaLIomAM dazona ane dazaratha, baMdhupAlita ane indrapAlita e cAra nAma paNa keTalIka jagyAe ApelAM che. A paikI dazaratha nAme rAjAnA guphA-lekha maLelA che. AthI enI aitihAsikatA nizcita che. paraMtu azoka sAtheno eno saMbaMdha nakkI karavo muzkela che. sAmAnya rIte ene azokano pautra ane sIdho uttarAdhikArI mAnavAmAM Avyo che. enA guphAlekhomAM 'para bena sevAne vina manaMtarirca mamipitena' Ave che. eno artha 'devanA priye (azoke) tarata ja abhiSikata karela dazarathe ' evoya sUcavAyo che, paraMtu ene kharo artha "tarata ja abhiSikata karAyelA devonA priya dazarathe' hovAnuM lagabhaga sahu vidvAno svIkAre che. abhilekhonuM lakhANa, lipi, viSaya ane sthAna parathI dazarathano rAjyakAla azokanA rAjyakAlanI najIka hovAnuM sUcita thAya che. paraMtu e parathI e be rAjAo vacceno cakkasa saMbaMdha nakkI karI zakAya nahi. purANomAM dazarathane azokano pautra kahelo hovAnuM mAnI levAmAM AvyuM che, paraMtu purANonI vigata navesara tapAsa mAgI le che. vAyu-brahmAMDa purANomAM dazarathano ullekha nathI. matsyapurANamAM ApelI vaMzAvaLI azuddha che. emAM zlo. 24mAM azokano ane glo. 25mAM dazarathano ullekha Ave che. ne e benI vacce 'tene pautra' Ave che e kharuM, paraMtu azokanA pautranI vigata suyazA ke dazAnane lAgu paDe che, jyAre dazarathane to tene arthAt azokanA patrano putra kahelo che. A rIte dazaratha azokane pautra nahi paNa prapautra gaNAya ne e azokano nahi paNa azokanA pautrane sIdho uttarAdhikArI gaNAya. viSNupurANamAM rAyazA ane saMgatanI vacce dazarathanuM nAma ApeluM che e parathI dazarathane suyazAnA putra ane azokano patra mAnavAnuM mana thAya, paraMtu suyazA e kunAla ane saMgata e saMprati hoya te dazarathane rAyazA(kunAla)ne putra ane saMgata(saMpati)no pitA mAnavo asthAne che. AthI bhAgavatapurANamAM suyazA ane rAMgatanI vacce dazarathanuM nAma gupta karela che te barAbara lAge che. vAyupurANanI pratamAM to dazarathane azokanA pautra baMdhupAlitaneya prapautra kahyo che. bhaviSyorArapurANamAM paNa rAjAone 4. Sircar, Select Inscriptions, pp. 79 f. 2-3. Thapar, op. cil, p. 187. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #125
azokanA uttarAdhikArIo 109 kama azoka, kunAla, baMdhupAlita, dazona ane dazaratha evo ja Apyo che. arthAta e baMne purANomAM dazarathane azokano cotho uttarAdhikArI jaNAvyo che! baMdhupAlita ane dazaratha eka hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. baMneno rAjyakAla sarakho jaNAvela che, paraMtu azokanA putra kunAla ane uttarAdhikArI suyazA eka ja hoya, to tenI ane devavarmAnI vacce paurANika vaMzAvaLIomAM judI judI traNa joDIo jaNAvI hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che: saMprati -9 varSa baMdhupAlita- 8 varSa dazona - 7 varSa zAlibhUka- 13 varSa indrapAlita - 10 varSa dazaratha - 8 varSa A traNa joDIone rAjyakAla judo judo Ave che. emAM saMprati-zAlibhUkane rAjayakAla, 9+13=22 varSa, maurya vaMzanA 137 varSanA kula rAjyakAla sAthe barAbara baMdha bese che, jyAre baMdhupAlita-indrapAlitanAM 8+13=18 varSa temaja dazona-dazarathanAM 7+ 8=15 varSa jarUrI varSa karatAM ochAM paDe che. vAyu-brahmAMDamAM bIjI jADI, masyAmAM trIjI joDI ane viSNu-bhAgavatamAM pahelI joDI jaNAvI che, jyAre viSapurANamAM saMgata-zAlizka uparAMta dazarathanuM nAma, prAya: matsyapurANamAMthI, umerAyuM che ne vAyupurANanI : pratamAM tema ja bhaviSyonArapurANamAM to baMdhupAlita, dazona-dazaratha ane saMprati-zAlizUka evI aDhI joDIonuM saMyojana karavAmAM AvyuM che. samakAlIna samAMtara peDhIone sIdhI pUrvApara peDhIo tarIke gaNAvavAno goTALo purANomAM aneka sthaLoe jovA maLe che. maurya vaMzAvaLInAM traNa rUpAMtaronA pRthakkaraNa parathI mAlUma paDe che ke e vaMzanI mukhya zAkhAmAM azoka pachI kramaza: kunAla, saMpati ane zAlizUka rAjA thayelA, jyAre baMdhupAlita-indrapAlita ane dazana-dazaratha e saMprati-zAlizUkanA samayamAM maurya vaMzanI anya zAkhAomAM thayA hovA joIe.3 rAjyakAlano vigatabheda jotAM baMdhupAlita-dazona e saMpratinAM tathA indrapAlita-dazaratha e zAlizkanAM bIjAM nAma hovAM saMbhavatAM nathI. azokanA mRtyu pachI enA rAjyanA pUrva pradeza enA pautra dazarathane ane pazcima pradeza bIjA pautra saMpratine maLyA hovAnuM smithe sUcaveluM paraMtu ene 1. PHAI, p. 351. 2. jema ke pradyota ane zizunAga vaMzanA nirUpaNamAM. 3. hariprasAda zAstrI, purANomAM ApelI maurya vaMzanI sAlavArI', gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada, 20muM saMmelana, hevAla, pR. 255-261. 4. "hiMdustAnane prAcIna itihAsa', pR. 255. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #126
110 azoka ane enA cAbhilekho badale kunAla pachI maurya rAjya saMprati, baMdhupAlita ane dezo vacce vaheMcAyuM hovA saMbhave che. saMpratinuM rAjaya pATaliputrathI ujajana sudhI vistaryuM hovAnuM jaina anukRti jaNAve che, jyAre dazonane putra dazaratha enA abhilekhonA sthAna parathI dakSiNa magadhamAM sattA dharAvato hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. maurya sAmrAjyanA keTalAka dUranA prAMta azokanA putro ke pautronA samayamAM svataMtra thayA jaNAya che. 'rAjataraMgiNI'mAM kalahaNa kAzamIramAM azokano putra jalaka rAjA thayo hovAnuM jaNAve che, e parama zaiva hato ne eNe mlecchone hAMkI kADhI kanoja sudhI sattA prasArI. 'jalaka' e kunAla'nuM kuSANa nAmenI asara nIce thayeluM apabhraSTa rUpAMtara hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che.' - tibeTI itihAsakAra tArAnAtha azoka pachI ene pautra vigatAzoka ane enA pachI vIrasena rAjA thayA hovAnuM jaNAve che. vIrasena gAMdhAramAM rAjya karato, vigatAzokane aMdha kunAlano putra kahyo che e parathI e saMprati athavA eno bhAI hoI zake. sIriyAnA mahAna aMtiyoka sAthe bhAratanA rAjA subhAgasenane saMdhi thaI hovAnuM grIka lekhaka pilIbiyasa jaNAve che. vIrasena e subhAgasenano pUrogAmI hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. paraMtu tibeTI anukRti sAthe ene meLa maLato nathI, kema ke temAM vIrasenanA vaMzajomAM evuM nAma AvatuM nathI." - azokanA abhilekhomAM enA tIvara nAme putrano ullekha Ave che, jyAre tene vize sAhityamAM kaMI mAhitI maLatI nathI. maurya rAjAonI vaMzAvaLIomAM paNa e nAma AvatuM nathI. AthI ene bhAgye ja rAjapadane vAraso maLyo haze. azokano putra mahendra te dIkSA laI bhikSu thayo hovAnuM jANavA maLe che. 1. Thapar, op. ci, p. 189. 2-3. Ibid, p. 184. %. Cambridge History of India, Vol. I, P. 512. 5. vIrasena pachI naMda, mahApA, ane caMdrapAla gaNAve che. pachI baMgALAmAM haricaMdrathI mAMDIne nemacaMdra sudhInA 8 rAjA jaNAve che. A vaMzano aMta dhyamitre Apyo. pachI khUba AgaLa jatAM vaLI caMdragupta, biMdusAra, zrIcaMdra ane dharmacaMdra gaNAve che. dharmacaMdra mAtra pUrvamAM rAjya karato (Thapar, op. cil, p. 191). For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #127
azokanA uttarAdhikArIo Ama hAla tA azokanA uttarAdhikAra enA putra kunAlane prApta thayA hovAnuM ane kunAla pachI maurya rAjyanA bhAgalA paDayA hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. 'azeAkAvadAna 'mAM vaLI azoka ane saMprati pachI bRhaspati, vRSasena ane puSyadharmA nAme traNa rAjA jaNAvyA che. emAMne puSyadharmA e vAyupurANanI . pratamAM tathA bhaviSyAttarapurANamAM jaNAvelA devadharmA (arthAta anya purANAne devavarmA ke sAmazarmA )hAI zake. athavA saMprati pachI zAlizUkanI jema bRhaspatinI alaga zAkhA paDI hoya. game tema, azAkanI nahi paNa enA putra kunAlanI (ane saMbhavata: kunAlanA putra saMpratinI) pachI maurya sAmrAjyanA, prAya: traNacAra, bhAga paDayA hAvA saMbhave che. 111 emAM maurya vaMzanI mukhya zAkhAmAM azAka pachI cha rAjA thayA hovAnuM ne teoe ekaMdare 52 varSa rAjya karyuM hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. pahelA traNa rAjAoe kula 85 varSa rAjya kareluM enI sarakhAmaNIe pachInA A cha rAjAonA rAjyakAla ghaNA ochA gaNAya. 1 For Private And Personal Use Only 1. emAM lAMbAmAM lAMbA vyakitagata rAjyakAla 13 varSanA che. A cha rAjAonA sarerAza rAjyakAla 8 varSanA che.

Page #128
9 azaka ane maurya sAmrAjyanI paDatI azokanA uttarAdhikArIonA rAjyakALa daramyAna maurya sAmrAjyanI rAjakIya ane lazkarI sthiti kevI rahI e vize pUratI mAhitI upalabdha nathI. paraMtu "gAgI saMhitA'mAMnA 'yugapurANa" khaMDamAM eka agatyano ullekha Ave che. temAM jaNAvyA mujaba zAlizUkanA rAjyakAla pachI yavana (grIko) sAketa (adhyA), paMcAla ane mathurA para AkramaNa karI cheka pATaliputra pahoMcI gayA ne e azAMtinI khabara phelAtAM sarva pradezo vyAkula thaI gayA. maurya vaMzanA sthApaka caMdragupta sikaMdare jItelA bhAratIya pradezomAMthI videzI zAsana dUra karavAmAM sakriya bhAga bhajavelo ne sIriyAnA grIka rAjA "vijetA' selukanA AkramaNane phAvavA dIdheluM nahi ne e grIka sAmrAjya sAthe maitrIbharyo saMbaMdha rAkhelo. biMdusAra ane azokanA samayamAM paNa tyAMnA grIka rAjAoe bhArata sAthe maitrIbharyo saMbaMdha cAlu rAkhelo. paraMtu azokanA mRtyu bAda trIseka varSanA TUMkA gALAmAM grIkoe bhArata para AkramaNa karI cheka pUrva bhAratamAM AvelA maurya pATanagara pATaliputra sudhI vijayakUca karI e hakIkata e samayanA maurya samrATanI tathA tenA sainyanI kamatAkAta darzAve che. e pachI vIseka varSe chellA rAjA bRhadrathane tenA senApati puSyamitre sainya-nirIkSaNanA bahAne pIsI nAkhyo e ghaTanA e maurya rAjAnI 'prajJAdurbalatA' uparAMta alokapriyatAnIya ghAtaka gaNAya. game tema, azokanA mRtyu bAda thoDA ja dAyakAomAM maurya sAmrAjyanI paDatI thatI gaI e spaSTa che. bRhadrathanI kapaTayukata hatyAne senApatinI aMgata siddhi ane eka chUTaka ghaTanA gaNIe tepaNa yavana AkramaNane sAmane karavAmAM maurya sAmrAjya taddana nirbaLa nIvaDayuM e hakIkata enI ghaTelI tAkAtane sabaLa purAvo gaNAya. keTalAka itihAsakAro maurya sAmrAjyanI A paDatI aMge azokane javAbadAra mAne che. 1. PHAI, P. 354, 2. harSarata, ucchavAsa 6. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #129
azoka ane maurya sAmrAjayanI paDatI 113 :: dA.ta, mahAmahopAdhyAya haraprasAda zAstrI azoke dAkhavelA bauddha dharma taraphanA pakSapAta tathA brAhmaNa dharma taraphanA anyAyane laIne brAhmaNoe dAkhavelA pratyAghAtane maurya sAmrAjAnI paDatInuM mukhya kAraNa gaNAve che. paraMtu brAhmaNone azoke anyAya karelo evuM mAnavAne teo je kAraNo darzAve che. te bhAgye ja svIkArya gaNAya tevAM che. A carcAnA mukhya muddA nIce pramANe che: azoke yajJa mATe thatI pazuhiMsAnI manAI karI tethI te prakAranA yajJa niSiddha banyA e kharuM, paraMtu te manAI pAchaLa azokano hetu sAMpradAyika dropane nahi paNa jIpadAne rahelo hato ne pazuSiAno e prakArano virodha upaniSado jevA e saMpradAyanA potAnA sAhityamAMya vyakata thato raheto. azaka zura varga hovAthI enI e manAI brAhmaNone vadhAre kaThe evI dalIla karavAmAM AvI che, paraMtu mI zUdra varSanA hatA e mAnyatA aitihAsika dRSTie yathArtha lAgatI nathI. rAdhAkumuda mukarajIe batAvyuM che ke caMdragupta "hInakula' arthAt hIna kulane nahi paNa "kuvahIna' arthAt prasiddha kula vinAno hato. biMdusAra tathA azoka pitAne kSatripa gaNAvatA evuM "divyAvadAna mAM darzAvyuM che.* azokanA gaNa zailakha naM. 1 mAM AvatA ja phAya jAya kaMkuvAsa samikA sevA 3 te hAni [fr] rA' e vAkyamAM milAno artha mRSA (mi) laIne ahIM 'A samaye jaMbudvIpamAM je a-mithyA deva gaNAtA te (brAhmaNo)ne have mizrA gaNAtA karI dIdhA che." evo bhAvArtha ghaTAvavAmAM Avela. paraMtu mR1 mATe te azokanA abhilekhamAM munA rUpa prayojAyuM che, mikSa nahi. vaLI mA vAne mATe keTalIka pratomAM milImUta. (mithomUtAH) rUpa vaparAyuM che e parathI paNa misA aa artha mizrAH tAH (ane nahi ke kRpA kRtA:) hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. AthI A vAkyano kharo bhAvArtha to e che ke jaMbudvIpa 1. PHAl, p. 355. 2. Ibid., pp. 355 f. 3. The Age of Imperial Unity, p. 55. 8. PHAI, P. 356. 5. rUpanAtha zailalekha, paMkita 2. 6. kalakattA-bairATa phalakalekha, paMkita 6. 9. PHAI, p. 357. a0 8 For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #130
114 azeka ane enA abhilekha mAM je mANasa devo sAthe bhaLelA nahotA teone have deva sAthe bhaLatA karavAmAM AvyA che arthAt dharmanA mArge vaLI teo devalokanA adhikArI bane tevuM karavAmAM AvyuM che.' dharma-mahAmAtronI nimaNUkane brAhmaNonA adhikAro para tarApa mAratI ghaTAvI che. paraMtu dharma-mahAmAtrone te sarva pradezonA sarva vargo tathA sarva saMpradAyanA mANamAM dharmanuM adhiSThAna thAya, dharmanI vRddhi thAya ne teonuM hita-sukha thAya tenuM dhyAna rAkhavAnuM hatuM. A sarva kartavya brAhmaNonA adhikArakSetranAM nahotAM. vaLI dharma-mahAmAtra brAhmaNetaromAMthI ja nimAtA evuM nathI ? azoke vyavahAra-samatA ane daMDa-samatA mATe rajajukone Agraha karyo temAM brAhmaNone dehAMtadaMDamAMthI mukita jevA je viziSTa adhikAra rahetA hatA tene lepa thato hato evuM sUcavAyuM che. paraMtu azokanA A lekhamAM mukhya sUra to rajajukone e bAbatamAM apAtI pUrNa sattAne ane ethI judA judA rajajuko vacce ekasarakhuM gheraNa rAkhavAne che. vaLI madhyakAlanI jema prAcIna kALamAMya brAhmaNo dehAMtadaMDathI mukata rahetA ema mAnavuM yathArtha nathI." kharI rIte azoka te zramaronI jema brAhmaNone mAna tathA dAna ApavAnI tema ja tenA tarapha sadvartAva rAkhavAnI vAre vAre bhalAmaNa kare che. jene brAhmaNonA hitasukha mATe kALajI rAkhe che. haraprasAda zAstrI cheTe evuM sUcave che ke prabaLa sattA dharAvatA azokanuM mRtyu thatAM brAhmaNoe enA uttarAdhikArIo sAme baLavo karyo ne enI parAkASTArUpe brAhmaNa puSyamitre maurya bRhadrathanI hatyA karI pitAno vaMza sthApyo. paraMtu azokanA uttarAdhikArIo ane brAhmaNo vacce saMgharSa thayAne bIjo koI dAkhalo kyAM maLe che? azokanA putra jalakane to brAhmaNa sAthe sArAsArI hatI evuM kahaNa jaNAve che. 1. azekacarita, pU. 123. 2. zailalekha naM. 5. 3. PHAl, p. 358, 4. staMbhalekha naM. 4. 5. PfHAI, pp. 259 . 6. zailalekha naM. 3, 4, 8, 11: staMbhalekha ne. 7. 7. zailalekha naM. 5. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #131
azoka ane maurya sAmrAjayanI paDatI 115 harSacarita'mAM bANa "nA" (asabhya)vizeSaNa senApati puSyamitra mATe proje che, rAjA bRhadratha mATe nahi. kahaNa paNa azokanI prazaMsA kare che. Ama AvA brAhmaNa kavio para azoka tathA enA uttarAdhikArIo vize sAMpradAyika sitamanI chApa dharAvatA nathI. vaLI puSyamitre bRhadrathanI hatyA karI potAnI sattA sthApI tenI pAchaLa brAhmaNa ane brAhmaNetara dharmasaMpradAyo vaccenA saMgharSe mukhya bhAga bhajave evuM mAnavAne koI sabaLa purAvA nathI. ema te puSyamitra zuMganA vaMzanA chellA rAjAnI sattA paNa brAhmaNa amAtya vasudeve uthalAvI pADelI. ethI ene zuM brAhmaNone viplava gaNAze? puSyamitra zuMge azvamedha karelo e parathI pazuyajJa pAchA pracalita thayA hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che, paraMtu e parathI puSyamitre brAhmagadharmanA punarutthAna mATe bRhadrathanI hatyA karyAnuM mAnI levAya nahi. zuMga rAjAonA rAjakALa daramyAna paNa bauddha stUpanI AsapAsa toraNa, vedikA ityAdi bAMdhakAma thatAM. AthI azoke brAhmaNone nArAja karelA tethI maurya sAmrAjAnI paDatI thaI ne brAhmaNa varNanA zRMga vaMzanI sattA enA pratyAghAtarUpe sthapAI ema mAnavuM asthAne che. azekanA pazupa- nipathI dharmacusta brAhmaNa nArAja thayA haze ne puSyamitra zuMganA samayamAM pazuyajJanI pUrNa chUTa thatAM prasanna thayA haze. paraMtu teonI A nArAjI rAjIe maurya vaMzanI paDatI ane zugavaMzanI sthApanAmAM bhAgye ja sIdhA bhAga bhajavyo haze. keTalAka itihAsakAro azokanI ahiMsA-nItine maurya rAjyanI paDatI mATe javAbadAra gaNe che." kAganA yuddhamAM thayelI bhAre khuvArIthI azokane bhAre saMtApa tathA pazcAttApa thayo, tyArathI te yuddhavijaya tajI dharmavijayane mArge vaLyo ne teNe potAnA 1. PlHAI, p. 360. 2. The Age of Imperial Unity, p. 91. 3. bhADutano staMbhalekha (Select Inscriptions, pp. 89 f.) 4. dA.ta., 'vijayanuM sthAna dharmavijayane ApavAnA, A nIti-parivartananI asaro AdhyAtmika rIte javalaMta hovA chatAM rAjakIya rIte vighAtaka hatI.azokanA navA dRSTikoNe kendrita rASTrIya rAjya ane jagadyApI sAmrAjya mATenI bhAratIya mulail ajoyiz qolal.' (Bhandarkar, As'oka, pp. 258 f.; PHAI pp. 347 .) For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #132
azoka ane enA abhilekhe putrapautrAdine paNa tema karavA bhalAmaNa karI. vaLI vijayanI aMdara paNa sAni (samA) ane laghudaMDatA (haLavI sajA)nI udAra nIti apanAvavA anurodha karyo. dharmiSTha azokanA rAjyamAM have bherIghoSa thato te dharmaghoSa tarIke ja, yuddhaghoSa tarIke nahi. azoke mRgayAne tilAMjali ApI tethI paNa rAjA vagerenI lAyaka vRtti moLI paDe. azokanI A navI nItine laIne maurya samrATamAM vijigISAnI vRtti moLI paDatAM teonA sainikone lazkarI jusso meLo paDe ane sAmrAjyanI lazkarI tAkAta ghaTe e svAbhAvika che. che chatAM azoke potAnI rAjanItimAM hiMsAne ane yuddhane samULI tilAMjali ApI dIdhI nahotI. kaliyuddhane lagatA zailekhamAM e spaSTa kare che ke devonA priya jeTaluM mApha karI zakAya tevuM haze teTaluM mApha karaze. devonA priyanA rAjyamAM je aTavi che tenA tarapha anunaya kare che ne karaze, chatAM anutApa(pazcAttApa)mAM paNa teone devonA priyano prabhAva kahevAmAM Ave che, jethI teo gabharAtA rahe ne tophAna na kare. kaliMganA yuddhathI dharmiSTha mANasone potAnA svajanonI khuvArIthI je du:kha thayuM hoya te aMge azokane apAra saMtApa ane pazcAttApa thayo ne teNe dharmavijayane ja mukhya vijaya mA, chatAM eNe te bhAvanAthI dorAIne kaliMga paranuM pitAnuM zAsana uThAvI lIdhuM nahotuM. pitAnA uttarAdhikArIone e navo vijaya meLavavA jevo na mAnavA jaNAve che tyAre paNa e pote sAmethI pahela karI yuddha karavA javuM nahi paNa sAmA pakSa taraphathI parAge AvI paDe tyAre yuddha karavuM ne temAM zAMti ane laghudaMDatAnI udAra nIti rAkhavI evuM kahevA mAge che. - evI rIte kedIonI bAbatamAM dharma-mahAmAtrone tathA rajajukone e je sucanAo Ape che temAM paNa e teone mukita meLavavA mATeno avakAza vadhAravAnI sAthe sAthe khAsa karIne teone pAratrika pAtheya bAMdhavAnI taka ApavA bhalAmaNa kare che. eNe cakSudAna tathA prANadAna sudhInA anugraha karelA. chatAM eNe 1. zailalekha naM. 13. 2. zailelekha naM. 4. 3. zailalekha naM. 13. 4. zailalekha naM. 5. 5. staMbhalekha naM. 4. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #133
azoka ane maurya sAmrAjayanI paDatI 117 kyAreya dehAMtadaMDanI prathA nAbUda karI nahotI ke dehAMtadaMDanI sajA pAmelA sarva kedIone mukita ApavAnI nIti apanAvI nahatI. azoke rAjanItimAM ahiMsAne prAdhAnya ApyuM hovA chatAM tenA rAjyakAla daramyAna maurya sAmrAjapanI sattA ke zakitamAM kaMI hAla thaya jANavA maLyuM nathI. ene pautra saMprati ahiMsApradhAna jaina dharmanA parama anuyAyI hovA chatAM eNe pATaliputrathI avaMti sudhInA trikhaMDa bharatakSetra upara zAsana karyuM hatuM. - azoka bauddha saMghane chUTe hAthe dAna Apato tethI tene rAjakoza khAlI thaI jatAM maurya sAmrAja nabaLuM paDayuM evuMya dhAravAmAM AvyuM che, paraMtu eno AdhAra yuvarAja saMpratine lagatI bauddha daMtakathA para rahelo che.' zAlivUkanA rAjakAla pachI maurya sAmrAjya yavana AkramaNano sAmano karavAmAM niSphaLa nIvaDyuM emAM zAlibhUkanA julamIpaNAne laIne thayelI rAjAnI a-lokapriyatA tathA tenA uttarAdhikArInI nirbaLatA paNa kAraNabhUta hoI zake. chellA rAjA bRhathanA samayamAM vipula sainyanI hilacAla najare paDe che. eTaluM ja nahi, senApatinI tAkAtane paNa paraco maLe che. rAjA bRhadratha sainyanA nirIkSaNanA bahAne senApati puSyamitre racelA chaLakapaTano bhoga banyo temAMya tenI "prajJAdurbalatAne javAbadAra gaNI che, tenI zArIrika ke rAjakIya durbalatAne nahi. maurya vaMza pachI sattArUDha thayelA zuMgavaMzanI sattA 112 varSa ane e pachInA kAvAyana vaMzanI sattA 45 varSa ja TakI. e dRSTie jotAM ATaluM moTuM sAmrA jya magadhanI kendrIya sattA nIce lagabhaga eka saikA jeTalo lAMbo vakhata sAbUta rahe te paNa eka moTI siddhi gaNAya. azokanA mRtyu pachI e sattA pacAseka varSamAM asta pAmI tene mATe bIjAM aneka kAraNo hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. AthI maurya sAmrAjayanI paDatI mATe azokanI ahiMsA-nItino mukhya hisso rahelo hovAnuM mAnavuM asthAne che. alabatta rAjanItimAM ahiMsA ane zAMtinI nIti apanAvavAmAM Ave to te lazkarI jussAnI dRSTie vijigISAne tathA sainyazakitane moLI pADe ne sainyazakitano hrAsa thatAM sAmrAjyanI tAkAta ghaTe e ghaNe aMze saMbhavita che. paraMtu azokanA samayamAM maurya sAmrAjyane hAsa thayo jaNAto nathI ne enA uttarAdhikArIoe yuddhanI bAbatamAM azokanI ahiMsA-nItinuM anupAlana kareluM hovAne koI ullekha maLato nathI e paNa A vicAraNAnI aMdara lakSamAM rAkhavuM ghaTe. 1. Barua, op. ci, pp. 60 f. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #134
118 azoka ane enA abhilekhA dUranA prAMtamAM adhikArIonA julamI vahIvaTane laIne vAraMvAra prajAnA vidroha thatA, kunAlanA rAjyakAla pachI maurya sAmrAjyanA bhAgalA paDayA ane rAjA zAlicUka julamI nIvaDayo vagere keTalAMka AMtarika kAraNeAne laIne maurya sAmrAjyanI zakitanA hUAsa thatA gayA haze. temAM yavanonuM prabaLa AkramaNa thayuM ne maurya senA tene saphaLa sAmanA karI zakI nahi. chatAM gheADA vakhatamAM yavanonI sattA uttara bhArata ane pazcima bhAratamAM sImita thaI ne magadhamAM maurya zAsana jArI rahyuM, paraMtu bRhathanA samayamAM vidizA ane vidarbha svataMtra thayAM ne senApati puSyamitre chaLakapaTathI rAjAne vadha karyo.. Ama maurya sAmrAjyanI paDatI mATe azAkanI nIti karatAM vadhu javAbadAra lAge tevAM bIjA aneka kAraNa rahelAM jaNAya che. 1. Age of Imperial Unity, pp. 91 f.; PHAI pp. 363 ff.

Page #135
10. itihAsamAM azokanuM sthAna azoka bhAratanA eka mahAna rAjavI hato e niHzaMka che. paraMtu enI dharmiSTha tamannA maurya sAmrAjyanI rAjakIya siddhine pratikULa nIvaDI hoya, to ene saphaLa rAjavI na gaNAvAya evI phariyAda rahe che. AthI itihAsakAroe azokane jagatanI anekavidha nAmAMkita vyakitao sAthe sarakhAvyo che. che. vhAisa Devize azoke karelo bauddha dharmane svIkAra ane bauddha saMghane eNe ApeluM protsAhana bhAratamAMthI dharmasaMpradAyane dezavaTo devA rUpe, enI paDatInA pahelA pagathiyArUpa hatAM ema mAnIne azokane romanA mahAna samrATa kanTanTAina sAthe sarakhAvyo che, kema ke khristI dharmamAM thayelI AdhyAtmika avanati eNe e dharmasaMpradAya para karelA upakArone lIdhe laI hovAnuM jaNAya che. paraMtu bhAratamAM bauddha dharmanI paDatI to azokanA samaya pachI keTalAka zataka bAda zarU thaI ne bhAratamAM thayelo teno ghaNo lepa to azokanA samaya pachI pUrI eka sahasrAbdI bAda thavA lAgelo. azoke bauddha saMghane anucita bheTa ApelI e mAnyatA to sinanI daMtakathAo parathI ghaDAyelI che, jemAMnI ghaNI vigato azraddhaya nIvaDI che. keTalAka evuM mAne che ke konsTaTAInanI jema azoke paNa rAjakIya hetuo siddha karavA dharmaprasArane protsAhana ApeluM. paraMtu konsTanTAIne to abhyadaya pAmatA khristI dharmanuM uparIpaNuM hetupura:sara ane gaNatarIpUrvaka apanAvyuM hatuM, khristI dharmanA anuyAyIone salAmatI ApI hatI ne yajJAdi purANI prathAonI manAI dhArmika nahi paNa rAjakIya hetuothI pharamAvI hatI, jyAre azoke to anuyAyIonI bahumatI dharAvatA kulaparaMparAgata dharmane sthAne rAjakIya varcasa 9. Buddhism, p. 222. 2. Rhys Davids, Buddhist India, pp. 297 f.; Rapson, Ancient India, p. 101; Thapar, op. cii., p. 145. For Private And Personal Use Only

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120 azoka ane enA abhilekhe nahi dharAvato bauddha dharma apanAvyo hato ne pazuhiMsAno niSedha jIvadayAnI dRSTie karyo hato. konsanTAinanAM chevaTanAM varSomAM tene dharma zaMbhumeLA jevo vicitra banI gayo hato, jayAre azoka to Akhara sudhI aMgata rIte bauddha dharmane ane sArvajanika dRSTie mAnava dharmane vaLagI rahyo hato. keTalAke azokane romanA samrATa mArkasa oreliyasa eNnToniyasa(I.sa. 721-810)nI sAthe sarakhAvyo che. e romana samrATa aMgata jIvananI bAbatamAM azokane barobariyo hato ne buddhivikAsanI bAbatamAM to azokane paNa TapI te hato. paraMtu ucca AdarzanA AcaraNamAM e romana sArvabhaumatva tarapha pakSapAta dharAvato ane khristIo para sitama gujArato, jyAre azoka sarva dharmo tarapha sadbhAva dharAvavAnA AdarzanuM pUrNa paripAlana karato ne potAnI Adarza dharmabhAvanAnA prasAra mATe avirata jahemata uThAvato. koI vaLI azokane iMglenDanA mahAna rAjA AkrUDa ke zArlamenanI sAthe athavA arabonA pahelA khalIpha umaranI sAthe sarakhAve che.ke paraMtu teo to mahAna yoddhA hatA ke mahAna zAsaka hatA. jagatanA itihAsamAM evA to bIjA aneka rAjavIo gaNAvI zakAya ema che. zArlamene sekasanane jItIne temane potAnA khristI saMpradAyamAM bheLavyA ne e navA dharmasaMpradAya dvArA teone potAnA rAjakIya varcasa nIce sthira karyA. azoke bauddha dharmano prasAra evA hetuthI karyo ne e prasAra dvArA pitAnuM rAjakIya sArvabhaumatva jamAvyuM ema mAnavuM asthAne che. azokanI mahattA to mukhyatve eNe manuSyajAtinuM aihika tema ja pAralaukika hitasukha sAdhavA mATe je saniSTha ane sakriya puruSArtha karyo tene AbhArI che. sarvadharmasabhAva tathA sarvadharmasAradohananI bAbatamAM azokane mugala zahenazAha akabaranI sAthe sarakhAvavAmAM Avyo che. akabare sarva saMpradAyanA siddhAMtathI vAkepha thaI 'dIna-i-ilAhI' nAme vizvadharma sthApavA koziza karI hatI, - 1. "azokacarita', pR. 207-208; smithakRta hiMdustAnano prAcIna itihAsa, pR. 249-50. 2. Macphail, Asoka, p. 80; C. H. I. Vol, I p. 509. 3. azokacarita pR. 208-209 7. Macphail, As'oka, pp. 80 ff. - 5-6. Thapar, op. cil, p. 145. 9. Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. II, p. 127. For Private And Personal Use Only

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thAna ItihAsamAM azokanuM sthAna 121 paraMtu pratikULa saMyogomAM e sarva dharmacarcA baMdha karI deto ne vakhata AvyuM khristIo tathA ilAhIo tarapha asahiSNutA dAkhavato.' yuropanA itihAsakAronI dRSTie sikaMdara, sIjhara ane nepaliyana jagatanA sahuthI moTA samrATa gaNAya che, paraMtu teonI mahatta yoddhAo tathA zAsako tarIkenI che. 'itihAsamAM ATalAM badhAM pAnAMne ijAro rAkhanArA A traNenuM mAnavajAtine kayuM kAyamI pradAna thayuM che? sikaMdaranI sattA vadhatI gaI tema tema tenI sAthe uddhatAI ane kUratA paNa vadhatI gaI. sIjharanuM kahevAtuM draSTApaNuM pokaLa hatuM. te bhegavilAsamAM parAyaNa raheto. vaLI eNe remanA vyakitasvAtaMtrayane jhUMTavI laI teone gulAmI prajAmAM pheravavAnI prakriyA zarU karelI. nepoliyananA samayamAM jAgatika prajAsattAka tathA kAyamI jagata-zAMtinI tamannA anekAneka lokonA manamAM UgatI hatI, paraMtu enAmAM dRSTinuM UMDANa ane sarjana nAtmaka kalpanAnI zakita hatI nahi, nahi to eNe pitAne itihAsane sAkSAt sUrya banAve tevuM mAnavajAti mATe kArya karyuM hota. e to ukaraDAnA DhagalAnI upara nAno kUkaDo nAce tema takanA moTA DuMgara para mAtra pA pA pagalI ja bharI zakyo. azokane misaranA philasUpha-rAjA ikhanetana sAthe sarakhAvavAmAM Avyo che. Ikhanetana ekezvaravAdI vizvadharmane himAyatI hato ne pite e dharmane pitAnA rAjyamAM pracalita karavA prayatnazIla raheze. paraMtu azoke to sarva pracalita dharmonI upekSA ke avajJA karyA vinA sarva dharmone protsAhana ApavAnI tathA sarva dharmanA sArarUpa sAmAnya dharmatattvono prasAra karavAnI nIti apanAvI hatI. pariNAme, azoka e dharmane sArvatrika prasAra karavAmAM dhAryA pramANamAM saphaLa na nIvaDyo hoya topaNa bauddha, brAhmaNa, AjIvika, nirgastha vagere pracalita dharmasaMpradAyone pretsAhana Apato tethI te saMpradAyone hRAsa nahi paNa abhyadaya thayo haze e spaSTa che. ikhanetAna ane akabaranI jema eNe koI navo dharmasaMpradAya pravartAvavAne krAMtikArI yatna karyo nahoto, paNa pracalita dharmonAM tattvone vadhu udAtta ane sakriya banAvavAne puruSArtha Adaryo hato. 1. "azokacarita', pR. 211. 2. H. G. Wells, The Strand Magazine, Sept. 1922, pp 216 ft. 3. Encyclopaedia Britannica (141h ed.), Vol. IV, p. 525. 7. H. G. Wells, Outline of History, p. 490. For Private And Personal Use Only

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122 azoka ane enA abhilekhe kharI rIte azokane evI koI vyakita sAthe sarakhAvavA jaIe to e sarakhAmaNI amuka amuka dRSTie ja baMdha bese tema che ne e rIte e sarakhAmaNI AMzika ja nIvaDe. AthI azokanA caritanuM mUlyAMkana svataMtra rIte karavuM bahetara che. brAhmaNI sAhityamAM azokano ullekha eka sAmAnya rAjA tarIke Ave che, paraMtu silonanA tema ja bhAratanA bauddha sAhityamAM enuM carita vigate nirUpAyuM che. temAM azokanI krUratAnI vAto bauddha dharmanA aMgIkAra pahelAMnI enI manavRttinI viparItatA darzAvavA mATe pracalita thaI hovA saMbhave che, paraMtu azoke bauddha dharma aMgIkAra karyA pachI ene sakriya protsAhana ApyAnI je vigato ApI che temAM ghaNuM aitihAsika tathya raheluM lAge che. bhAratamAM aneka stUpa baMdhAvavAmAM, moggaliputra tiSyanI adhyakSatA nIce maLelI bauddha bhikSuonI trIjI saMgItine protsAhana ApavAmAM ane khAsa karIne silonamAM thayelA bauddha dharmanA prasAramAM sakriya madada karavAmAM azoke gaNanApAtra pradAna karyuM hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. azoka jevA samrATe bauddha dharma aMgIkAra karI, dezamAM ThekaThekANe bauddha stUpa baMdhAvyA, tIrthadhAmanI yAtrA karI ane bauddha bhikSuone aDhaLaka dAna dIdhA karyA hoya, tethI maurya sAmrAjyamAM e dharma vadhAre vipula ane vyApaka asara dharAvato thayo haze ja. kAzamIra, gaMdhAra, yavanadeza, himAlayaaparAMtaka, mahArASTra, mahiSamaMDala (maisUra ke mAhiSmatI), vanavAsI (uttara kannaDa,) suvarNabhUmi (brahmadeza) ane laMkA(silona)mAM thayelo bauddha dharmane prasAra mukhyatve moggaliputratiSe mokalelA bhikSuone AbhArI che, paraMtu e saMgItine azoke sakriya protsAhana ApyuM lAge che. silenanA rAjA tiSyane azoka pratye parama Adara hato ne ene bauddha dharmano aMgIkAra karavAnI mULa preraNA azoka pAsethI maLI hatI evuM tyAMnI anukRti jaNAve che. silona mokalavAnA bhizumaMDaLanA agraNI tarIke mahendranI pasaMdagI sahetuka thaI haze. silonanA rAjAe strIone dIkSA ApavA mATe bhAratamAMthI bhikSuNI saMghamitrAne bodhivRkSanI zAkhA sAthe teDAvyAM tema ja AgaLa jatAM tyAMthI bhagavAna buddhanAM asthi maMgAvyAM te paNa magadhanA samrATa azokane vinaMtI karIne tenI mAraphate. A parathI silonamAM bauddha dharmanA prasAramAM azokano ghaNo phALo rahelo gaNAya. anya dezomAM bauddha dharmano prasAra thayo temAM eno sIdho phALo eTale badho rahelo hovAnuM bauddha sAhitya parathI jANavA maLatuM nathI. paraMtu enA abhilekhamAM azoka pate aMtiyoka vagere videzI rAjAonAM rAjyomAM tAmraparNI sudhInAM caLa pAMDa vagere rAjayomAM tema ja pitAnA rAjyanI aMdaranA yavana kaMboja vagere pradezomAM dharmAnuzasti (dharmAnuzAsana) karyAno tathA For Private And Personal Use Only

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itihAsamAM azokanuM sthAna 123 jayAM pitAnA dUto nathI jatA tyAM paNa tenI asara thatI hovAno ullekha kare che. e parathI bauddha dharmanA dezavidezamAM thayelA prasAramAM azokanuM gaNanApAtra pradAna hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. AthI bhAratanA ghaNA bhAgamAM sImita rahelo bIddha dharma eziyA khaMDavyApI dharma banyo ne jagatane eka ghaNo vyApaka dharma nIvaDyo ene jaza devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA azokane ApavAmAM Ave che e ghaNe aMze yathArtha che. bauddha dharmanI AMtarika dRSTie jotAM azoke rAjyanA vaDA uparAMta dharmanA vaDA banI jaI bhiluo para paNa potAnuM varcasa sthApyuM evI chApa paDe che, paraMtu evA eno Azaya bauddha saMgha akhaMDa rahe, ane lAMbo vakhata Take tathA bauddha dharma lAMbe vakhata Take e ja rahelo che. bhagavAna buddhanI vANImAM pote amuka dharma paryAnI khAsa bhalAmaNa kare che tyAre paNa te bhikSuonuM adara mAna jALavIne bhalAmaNa kare che te teo e bAbatamAM rAjAnAM icchA ane abhipreta jANe eTaluM kahI saMtoSa mAne che. A dharma paryAyone bhikSuo tathA bhiANIo tema ja upAsako tathA upAsikAo vAraMvAra sAMbhaLe ne enuM manana kare to bauddha dharmanuM sAratatva lAMbe vakhata Take evI ene zraddhA hatI. Ama bauddha dharmanA tattvagrahaNanI tema ja tenA bhiAsaMghanI samagratAnI bAbatamAM paNa azoke sakriya pradAna karavAne pitAnuM kartavya mAneluM. AthI bauddha dharmanA abhyadayamAM gautama buddha pachI bIjuM sthAna devenA priya azokane ApavAmAM Ave che e ghaNe aMze yogya che. paraMtu mAnava saMskRtinA itihAsamAM azokanI mahattA mAtra bauddha dharmanA eka mahAna prabhAvaka tarIkenI nathI. nahi to to e kaniSka ane harSa, saMpati, khAravela ane kumArapAla ityAdi rAjAonI jema te te saMpradAyanA prabhAvaka tarIke ja khyAti pAmyo hato. kulaparaMparAgata dharma tajI anya dharma aMgIkAra karanAra ghaNA pachI potAnA jUnA dharmanI niMdA karavAmAM gaurava le che evo mAnasika pratyAghAta azokane thayo nahoto. brAhmaNa parivrAjako bauddha pratimAone nukasAna karatA ne ethI azoka brAhmaNa parivrAjakonuM nikaMdana karato e bauddha daMtakathA zraddheya lAgatI nathI, kema ke azoka potAnA abhilekhamAM brAhmaNo tarapha spaSTa Adara darzAve che. 1. zailalekha naM. 13. 2. khAsa karIne sAMcI, sAranAtha ane kauzAMbInA staMbhalekhe tema ja kalakattAbairATa phalaka lekha parathI. For Private And Personal Use Only

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124 azoka ane enA abhilekho e to sarva saMpradAyone dAna ane mAna vaDe Adara karato ne sarva saMpradAyonA sAranI vRddhi thAya ema icchato. parasaMpradAyanI niMdAne e vaDato ne loko anyanA dharmane sAMbhaLe ane seve evI bhalAmaNa karato. sarva saMpradAya sarvatra vase ema e iccha.2 dharma-mahAmAtrone bauddha saMgha uparAMta brAhmaNa, AjIvika, nirgathI (jaina) ityAdi sarva saMpradAyonI dekharekha sapato. brAhmaNo tathA zamaNo-baMnene dAna tathA mAna vaDe Adara karato. khAravela, kaniSka, harSa ane kumArapAla jevA rAjAo paNa dharmadRSTinI vizALatA dharAvatA. svasaMpradAyanA abhyadaya mATe parasaMpradAyane hAni karavAnI dhamadhatA prAcIna bhAratamAM apavAdarUpa hatI, jyAre parasaMpradAyo tarapha sahitA uparAMta kaMIka protsAhanIya dRSTi rAkhavAnuM valaNa sarvasAmAnya hatuM. A dRSTie jotAM azoka sarva saMpradAyo tarapha Adara rAkhe e prazasya paNa virala na gaNAya. azokanI kharI mahattA sarva saMpradAyonA sArarUpa dharmanuM mULa tattva-hArda samajavAmAM ane samajAvavAmAM rahelI che. sarva saMpradAya saMyama ane bhAvazuddhi icche che." caMDatA, niSpharatA, krodha, abhimAna ane IrSA jevI pApavRttio tAjI kalyANa, dayA, dAna, satya ane zucitA jevA sadgago keLavavA e bhalAmaNa kare che. prANIonI hatyA na karavI ane prANIone IjA na karavI e ahiMsAnA siddhAMtano upadeza de che. e aMge anekavidha niSedha pharamAve che. brAhmaNo ane zramaro (sAdhuo), guruo ane vRddho, mitro oLakhI nAkho ane sagAo, nokaro ane gulAme - sahu tarapha sadvartAva rAkhavA bhalAmaNa kare che. AvA dharmAcaraNathI A lokamAM tayA paralokamAM hisamukha prApta thaze, manuSyo svargamAM jaze, devo sAthe bhaLaze ne vimAna hastI Adi divya sukha pAmaze evA sarvasAmAnya iSTa tarapha e dhyAna kheMce che, paraMtu punarjanma tathA mokSa ke nirvANanI aTapaTI bAbatane ullekha karato nathI. AtmaparIkSaNa tathA saMyama mATe anurodha kare che. dharma-zravaNa, 1. zailakha naM. 12. 2. zailalekha naM. 7. 3. staMbhalekha naM. 7. 4. zailalekha naM. 3, 4. 9, 11. 5. zailalekha naM. 7. 6. staMbhalekha naM. 3. 7. staMbhalekha na. 2. For Private And Personal Use Only

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itihAsamAM azokanuM sthAna 125 dharma-ciMtana tathA dharma-AcaraNanI udAtta bhAvanAne prajAjanemAM prasAra karavA e anekavidha upAya prayoje che. zilAlekho tathA zilAtaMbho paNa dharmaprasAranAM sAdhana tarIke prapoje che. rAjayanA adhikArIone paNa pitAnA vahIvaTI kAma uparAMta dharmaprasAra karatA rahevAno Adeza Ape che. rAjyataMtramAM dharma-mahAmAtrano navo prabaMdha kare che. bherISa have dharmaSa banI rahe che. vihArayAtrAnuM sthAna dharmayAtrA le che. dharmanuM AcaraNa e ja uttama maMgala gaNAya che. dharmanuM (dharmanI bhAvanAnuM) dAna e ja uttama dAna gaNAya che. vijayomAM dharmavijayane (arthAt dharmaprasAra rUpe thatA vijayana) mahimA manAya che. dharma e sAMpradAyika bAhyopacAra na rahetAM jIvanadRSTi banI jAya che ne sarvathA nirdoSa, pavitra ane kalyANakArI jIvana jIvavuM ane sarvabhUtahita icchavuM e vicAra, vANI ane vartana dvArA jIvana-AcaraNano viSaya banI jAya che. sarva saMpradAyonA sArarUpa A AcaraNa tathA upadeza mAnavadharmane skuTa kare che; ne e vyApaka mAnavadharma mAnava-saMskRtinA ucca svarUpane vyakata kare che. azokanA caritanI kharI mahattA AvA vizALa tathA udAtta dharmanA AcaraNa, upadeza tathA prasAraNamAM rahelI che. jagatanA itihAsanI rUparekhA AlekhatAM eca. jI. velsa jevA itihAsakAra AthI nadhei che: "hajAro samrATo, cakravartIo, rAjarAjezvaro, mahArAjAdhirAjo, saradAro ane ThAkoro vagerenAM nAmathI itihAsanA pAnAM khIcekhIya bharelAM che paNa te saumAM eka azokanuM nAma tejasvI tArAnI peThe jhaLahaLI rahyuM che." zatako sudhI azoka bhAratanA itihAsamAM bauddha dharmanA prabhAvaka tarIke nAmAMkita raheze, paraMtu jayArathI enA dharmalekho vaMcAyA ne prakAzita thayA tyArathI have e jagatanA itihAsamAM dharma arthAta saMskRtinA prabhAvaka tarIke khyAti dharAve che. utkaTa dharmabhAvanA tathA enA sakriya prasAra nimitte azoke bhAratanA sAMskRtika itihAsamAM keTalAMka AnuSaMgika pradAna karelAM che. agAunA rAjAonI jema eNe rastAo, vRkSo, kUvAo ityAdi pUrtidharmanAM kArya karAvyAM. prajAnuM kArya karavA sarva samaye sarvatra tatparatA darzAvI. sarva lokahitane ja potAnuM uttama kartavya mAnyuM ne e paNa prANIonA RNamAMthI mukata thavAnI bhAvanAthI. pote rAjyanA dareka manuSyane mATe potAnA saMtAna jevuM vAtsalya 1. zailalekha naM. 6. For Private And Personal Use Only

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azoka ane enA abhilekhe dharAvato ne te sahu A lokanuM tema ja paralokanuM hitasukha pAme tema iccho.' prajAjano paNa rAjAne pitAnA jevA ane potAne enAM saMtAna jevAM mAne tathA rAjA jevI potAnAM saMtAna tarapha tevI ApaNA tarapha anukaMpA dharAve che evI zraddhA dharAve evuM e icchato. rAjA tarIke azoka Avo prajAvatsala hato. sarvabhUtahitanA mAnava-dharmane varelo rAjavI ATalo prajAvatsala rahe e taddana svAbhAvika che. kaliMganA yuddha pachI potAnAmAM je utkaTa dharmabhAvanA jAgrata thaI tene eNe pitAnA vaiyakitaka adhizIlana pUratI sImita na rAkhatAM e udAtta bhAvanA pitAnA rAjyamAM tema ja aDozapaDozanAM rAjyomAM sarvatra prasare evI tamannA dharAvI. A enI bodhisatva jevI paramArthavRttinI ghAtaka gaNAya. AdhyAtmika unnatine pitAne aMgata viSaya na rAkhatAM AthI ja eNe samasta janasamAjane sparzata vyApaka vidhya mAnyo. dharmaprasAranI A uttama bhAvanAe ene keTalAMka AnuSaMgika pradAna karavA preryo. azokanuM rAjya ghaNuM vizALa hatuM. cheka aphaghAnistAnathI pUrva bhArata sudhI ane himAlayathI maisUra sudhI enuM sIdhuM zAsana pravartatuM. uparAMta ene pazcime sIriyA, misara, sirinI ane grIsa sudhInAM tema ja dakSiNe silona sudhInAM rAjyo sAthe saMbaMdha hato. A bIjAM rAjyomAM to e te te dezanI bhASAmAM potAne dharma-saMdeza pahoMcADatA haze. paraMtu enA potAnA vizALa rAjyamAM prAdezika bhASAo tathA lipionA ThIka ThIka bheda rahelA hatA; alabatta A bheda vartamAna kAlanI sarakhAmaNIe ghaNA AchA ane ochA hatA. bhagavAna buddhanI jema azoke vidrogya saMskRta bhASAne badale lokabhogya prAkRta bhASAnI pasaMdagI karI, jethI te rAhujanane subodha rahe. azoke potAnA rAjyanA judA judA pradeza mATe potAnA dharmalekhane emAMya eka evI sarvasAmAnya bhASAmAM vyakta karyA ke je sarva pradezanA loko sahelAIthI samajI zake. e eka prakAranI AMtaraprAMtIya rASTrabhASA hatI. chatAM emAM ekadezIya bhASAsvarUpanI kRtrimatA rAkhavAmAM AvI nahotI, paraMtu te te pradezanI sthAnika bhASAkIya khAsiyato anusAra e dharmanA mULa lakhANamAM prAdezika rUpAMtara prayojavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. bIjo prazna hato lipina. e samaye bhAratanA ghaNA pradezomAM brAhmI lipi pracalita hatI. prAkRta bhASAnI sarakhAmaNIe e lipimAM prAdezika bheda nahivat hatA. 1. kaliMganA alaga zailalekha naM. 1 ane 2. For Private And Personal Use Only

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ItihAsamAM azokanuM sthAna 127 azoke pitAnA rAjyanA ghaNAkharA pradezomAM dharmalekha brAhmI lipimAM kotarAvyA. bhAratIya prAcInalipividyAnA itihAsamAM brAhmInuM prAcIna svarUpa samajavAmAM azokanA abhilekhAe mahatvano phALo Apyo che. enA samayamAM vAyavya bhAratamAM brAhmIne badale kharoSThI lipi pracalita hatI, tethI eNe tyAMnAM be sthaLoe cauda zailalekha e lipimAM kotarAvyA. kharoSThI lipinA ukelamAM azokanA A lekhe arvAcIna prAcInalipividone ghaNA upayogI nIvaDayA che. gaMdhAra pradezanI pelI pAra AvelA kaMdahAra jevA pradezamAM vaLI grIka ane aramAI lipio pracalita hatI, to tyAMnA yavana (grIka) tathA IrAnI vasAhatIo sahelAIthI vAMcI zake te mATe azoke tyAMnA lekha te bhASAomAM lakhAvyA ne te lipiomAM kotarAvyA. Ama azoke potAnA vizALa rAjyamAM bhASA tathA lipinI bAbatamAM te te pradezanI prajAnI sagavaDane dhyAnamAM rAkhI hatI; ne bhAratanA atargata pradeza mATe kendranI prAkRta bhASAne vadhu vyApaka tathA tAddezIya svarUpa ApyuM hatuM. pitAnA dharmalekha lAMbo vakhata Take ne potAnA putro pautro vagere e pramANe vartatA rahe e hetuthI azoke A lekhone zilA para kotarAvyA. zarUAtamAM parvatA arthAt kudaratI zailo (mahAzilAo) para kotarAvyA ne pachI ene mATe UMcA giLa staMbha ghaDAvI enA para kotarAvyA. A zilAlekhone laIne azokano bIjo hetu kyAM sudhI ane keTale aMze jaLavAyo haze e jANavA maLatuM nathI, paraMtu eno pahelo hetu sArI rIte pAra paDyo che. bhUrjapatro ane tADapatro jevAM sAdhana paranAM lakhANa DAM zatakomAM naSTa thayAM hota, jyAre zilA para kotarAvelAM A lakhANa bAvIsa zataka vItI gaye paNa hajI sArI rIte TakI rahyAM che. bhAratIya abhilekhavidyAmAM azokanA abhilekho mahattvanuM sthAna dharAve che. bhAratanA prAcIna rAjakIya tathA sAMskRtika itihAsanA anveSaNamAM paNa A lekha ghaNA upayogI nIvaDayA che. bhAratanA AraMbhika aitihAsika kAlanA itihAsanAM pramANita samakAlIna sAdhanAmAM azokanA abhilekha agrima sthAna dharAve che. azokanA zilAtaMbha mukhyata: enA dharmalekha kotarAvavA mATe ghaDAyelA che. paraMtu e zilpakalAnI dRSTie kalAtmaka rIte ghaDAyelA che. enA daMDa paranI paoNliza namUnedAra che. A staMbhonI zirAvaTIo - enAM phalako tema ja e paranI prANIAkRtio - bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalAnA itihAsamAM suMdara zilpakRtio tarIke prazaMsA pAmI che. azoke baMdhAvelA bauddha stUpa tathA teNe kaMDArAyelAM zailagRha tema ja eNe pATaliputramAM baMdhAvela rAjamahAlaya vAstukalAmAM eNe ApelAM pradAna che. azoke For Private And Personal Use Only

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128 azoka ane enA abhilekhe baMdhAvelI ghaNI ImArato ne eNe ghaDAvelA ghaNA staMbha hAla nAmazeSa che; jo e vAstukRtio tathA zilpakRtio mojUda rahI hota, to azoke vAstukalA tathA zilpakalAmAM paNa keTaluM ane kevuM pradAna kareluM tenuM vadhu mUlya AMkI zakAta. Ama azoke bhASA, lipi, abhilekho, vAstukalA ane zilpakalA jevAM kSetromAM paNa gaNanApAtra pradAna kareluM che. enI dRSTie A pradAna AnuSaMgika haze, paraMtu bhAratanA sAMskRtika itihAsanI dRSTie e gaNanApAtra sthAna dharAve che. chatAM azokanuM ethI moTuM pradAna bauddha dharmanA abhyadayamAM thayeluM che e spaSTa che. azokanA abhilekha enI icchA pramANe cirasthitika rahyA, paraMtu lipisvarUpanA satata thatA rahetA parivartanane laIne e zatakothI avAcya banI upekSita rahelA. prAcInalipividonA bhagIratha prayatnothI gaI sadImAM e vaMcAyA ne prakAzita thayA tyArathI azoke emAM vyakata karelI udAtta dharmabhAvanA dvArA e devonA priya priyadarzI rAjAnAM dharmAnuzIlana tathA dharmAnuzAsana suvidita thayAM ne bhAratIya saMskRtinA ja nahi, jagatanI mAnava-saMskRtinA itihAsamAM azokane eka cirasmaraNIya rAjarSinuM sthAna prApta thayuM che. AjhAda bhArate rASTrapratIka tarIke azokanA sAranAtha zilAkhaMbhanI bhAvavAhI kalAtmaka siMha-zirAvaTIne pasaMda karIne e rAjarSi taraphane samAdara darzAvyo che. e zirAvaTInA phalakamAM raheluM cAre dizAmAM pravartatuM dharmacakra prAcIna bhAratamAM vyakata thayelI mAnava-saMskRtinI udAtta bhAvanAne harahaMmeza cAre dizAmAM pravartatI rAkhe evo saMdezo ApI rahyuM che. For Private And Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra e 9 www.kobatirth.org khaMDa 2 azekanA abhilekhA

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1, zedha, vAcana ane adhyayana cethI sadInA AraMbhamAM cInI pravAsI phA-hyAne azokanA cha staMbha joyelA, jemAMnA be para lekha kotarelA hatA. paraMtu eNe A lekhamAM ApelI hakIkata nedhI nathI. sAtamI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM cInI pravAsI yuana zvAMge azokanA paMdara zilA staMbha joyelA. emAMnA eka para kanukamuni buddhanA parinirvANanI hakIkata ApelI hovAnuM e noMdhe che, paraMtu e vigata barAbara nathI. yuAna vAMge lumbinI staMbha vizenI noMdhamAM tenA paranA lekhano ullekha karyo nathI. e vakhate staMbhane lekhavALo bhAga DhaMkAI gayo haze. cInI graMtha "phaMga-ciha'mAM A lekho nirdeza kare che. AmAM e lekhamAM buddhanA parinirvANanI hakIkata ApI hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che, paraMtu e paga barAbara nathI. sAranAthanA staMbhanI naMdhamAM paNa yuAna zvAMge abhilekhano ullekha karyo nathI. e pravAsIe sinArAnA eka staMbha para buddhanA parinirvANa vize ane bIjA staMbha para buddhanAM asthinA vibhAjana vize tema ja mahAzAvanA stabha para buddha araNyanA manuNabhakSI rAkSasone vaza karyA vize abhilekha hovAnuM tema ja rAjagRhanA staMbha para abhilekha hovAnuM noMdhyuM che. A parathI e samaye A abhilekha sIdhA vAMcI zakAtA nahotA paNa emAMnI hakIkata vize amuka prakAranI anukRtio pracalita hatI evuM mAlUma paDe che. caudamI sadImAM phIjhazAha taghalake eka staMbha TepathI ane eka bIje staMbha mIThathI dilhI khaseDAvya (I.sa. 1359). alahAbAdamAM rahela kauzAMbIstaMbha paNa eNe kosamathI khaseDara lAge che. A staMbha para kotarelA jUnA lekhonI hakIkata jANavA sulatAne koziza karelI paraMtu e lekha koI paMDito vAMcI zakatA nahotA. arvAcIna kALamAM 1750mAM dilhImAM mIraDa staMbhanA khaMDa panA jovAmAM AvelA. 1784mAM eziyAnI prAcIna saMskRtione abhyAsa mATe kalakattAmAM eziyATika sosAyaTI' sthapAI. pachI bhAratanA prAcIna abhilekho vAMcavA mATe vyavasthita prayatna zarU thayA. For Private And Personal Use Only

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132 azaka ane enA abhilekha 1785mAM heriMgTane barAbara ane nAgArjanI DuMgaranI mulAkAta laI tyAMnI guphAomAM jUnA abhilekha hovA tarapha lakSa kheMcyuM. e arasAmAM kaeNpTana poliyarane dilhImAM ToparA staMbhane patto lAgyo ne temaNe tenAM keTalAMka Alekhana eziyATika sosAyaTInA sthApaka sara viliyama jonsane mokalyAM. 1801mAM dilhI-ToparA staMbhalekhanI nakala tathA alhAbAda-kosama staMbhalekhanA azonI nakalo "eziyATika risarcIjha' pu7mAM prakAzita thaI. 1822mAM mejara jemsa TaoNDane saurASTramAM giranAra pAsenA zailalekhano patto lAgyo. 1834mAM eziyATika sosAyaTInA jarnalanA pu. 3mAM baTe taiyAra karelI alahAbAda-kosama staMbhalekhanI pratikRti pragaTa thaI. e samaye A prAcIna abhilekha koIne UkalatA nahotA. jemsa prinsepa, je bhAratIya prAcInalipividyAnA janaka gaNAya che, te paNa A dizAmAM pA pA pagalI mAMDI zakatA hatA. 1836mAM mahArAja raNajitasiMhanA phrenca adhikArI mi. koTe ne zAhabAja gaDhIne zailalekha jaDayo. A daramyAna prinsepane lauriyA ararAja taMbha tathA lariyA naMdanagaDha staMbha para kotarelA lekhonI nakalo maLI hatI. 1837mAM temane A prAcIna abhilekhe ukelavAmAM pUrI saphaLatA maLI. have teo dilhI-ToparA staMbha paranA sahuthI prAcIna abhilekhanuM AkhuM vAcana karI zakyA. A lekha prAkRtamAM lakhelA hatA ne e "devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA'e lakhAvyA hatA. "jarnala opha eziyATika sosAyaTI oNpha beMgAla'nA pu. damAM A staMbhalekhanuM limaMtara tathA tenuM aMgrejI bhASAMtara prasiddha thayuM. Ama azokanA abhilekhone barAbara vAMcIne teno livyaMtarita pATha saMpAdita karavAne jaza prinsepane 1837mAM maLyo. A rIte A varSa bhAratIya prAcInalipividyAnI tema ja azokanA abhilekhanA abhyAsanI bAbatamAM ghaNuM yAdagAra varSa che. e varSe prinsepe dilhI-mIraTha staMbhalekhanI pratikRti chapAvI tema ja alahAbAdakosama staMbha paranA rANInA lekhanI pratikRti paNa pragaTa karI. e varSanI Akhare lephaTananTa kiTone orisAnA dhaulI gAma pAse zailalekhano patto lAgyo. bIje varSe prinsepe giranAra ane dhalInA lekha sarakhAvI joyA, to temAMnA ghaNA lekha ekasarakhA jagAyA. have e baMne lekhamAlAono pATha bhASAMtara sAthe ja. e. so. beM.nA pu. 7mAM prakAzita thayo. 1839mAM bihAramAM sahasarAma zahera pAse eka zailalekha maLyo. 1840mAM maeNsane pezAvara jillAne jokhamI pravAsa kheDI zAhabAnagaDhInA zailalekhonI jAte For Private And Personal Use Only

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zodha, vAcana ane adhyayana 133 nakala karI. A lekha kharoSThI lipimAM che. naoNrise A nakalamAM levA visi vAMcyuM. e varSe rAjasthAnanA bairATa gAma pAse barTane eka nAnA zilAlekhano patto lAgyo. paM. kamalAkAtanI madadathI kiToe enuM livyaMtara tathA bhASAntara karyuM. 1847mAM kie barAbara DuMgaranI guphAonA lekhenI chApa lIdhI. 1850mAM sara viliyama iliyaTe jagaDha zailalekhanI nakala karI ne e lekha dhaulInA lekhane maLatA hovAnuM jaNAvyuM. 1852mAM banaphe azokanA jJAta abhilekhonuM saMkalita saMpAdana karyuM. 1860mAM uttara pradezanA kAlasI gAma pAse azokanA zailalekhono phaoNresTanane patto lAgyo. 1871-72mAM kaniMgahame madhya pradezanA rUpanAtha pAsenA eka zailalekhanuM livyaMtara karyuM. Avo eka lekha e varSe bairATa pAse kArlAilane maLyo. e arasAmAM, bihAranA sahasarAma zahera pAse begalarane Avo ja eka lekha maLe. have kanigame azokanA abhilekhono saMgraha taiyAra karyo ne te korpasa insinama inDikerama (bhAratanA abhilekhono saMgraha)nA graMtha 1 tarIke prakAzita thayo (1877). emAM nIce jaNAvelA abhilekhonuM saMpAdana tathA aMgrejI bhASAMtara kareluM che: zAhabAjagaDhI, kAlasI, giranAra, dhaulI, jaoNgaDha, sahasarAma, rUpanAtha, bairATa, ane bhAbrAnA moTAnAnA zailakha; barAbara DuMgaranA guphAlekha; ane dilhI-ToparA, dilhI-mITha, alhAbAda-kosama, lauriyA ararAja ane lariyA naMdanagaDhanA moTAnAnA staMbhalekha, sAMcInA staMbhalekhane kaMIka pATha paNa Apyo che, paraMtu tyAre e barAbara baMdha beTho nahoto. A saMgrahamAM prAkRta pATha romana lipimAM ApyA che. AmAMnA keTalAka lekha chellAM thoDAM ja varSomAM vaMcAyA hatA. e pachI azokanA bIjha aneka abhilekha prApta thayA. 1882mAM karne dhaulI tavA jagaDhanA alaga zailakha saMpAdita karyA. 1880-81mAM senATaeN phancamAM azokanA abhilekhonuM saMpAdana karyuM. enuM aMgrejI bhASAMtara "inDiyana eNnTikArI'nA pu. 9-10 (1880-81)mAM paNa prasiddha thayuM. 1982mAM paM. bhagavAnalAla indrajIne muMbaI pAsenA sopArAnAM khaMDeromAM azokanA eka zailalekhano aMza maLyo ne te temaNe te varSe prakAzita karyo. 1889mAM hajArA jillAnA mAnaseharA pAsenA zailalekha maLyA, je zAhabAjagaDhInA lekhe nI jema khokhI lipimAM che. 1891mAM bhUvane barAbara ane nAgArjunInA guphAlekha saMpAdita karyA. For Private And Personal Use Only

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134 ' azoka ane enA abhilekha 1891-92mAM rAisane maisUra rAjyanAM traNa sthaLoe abhilekhono patto vAge ne te lekha saMpAdita thayA. A lekho parathI azokanA zAsananA dakSiNa vistAranI pratIti thaI.. phayuTarane nepAlanI tarAImAM 1895mAM nigalI sAgaramAM eka staMbhalekha maLyo ne bIje varSe rumminaImAM bIjo staMbhalekha prApta thayo. A baMne lekha bhUlare 1898mAM "epijhAphiyA inDikA'nA pu. 5mAM saMpAdita karyA. 1893-94mAM gUlare CDMG(sAiTaziphaTa Dera DaoNiyana maoNrgana leMDizana gejhelazAphaTa)mAM jarmanamAM azokanA lekha prakAzita karyA. emAMnA ghaNA lekha "epigrAphiyA inDikA'nA pu. 1-2mAM aMgrejImAM pragaTa thayA. - 1905mAM vArANasI pAse AvelA sAranAthanAM khaMDeromAM eka staMbhalekha auraTelane prApta thayo. alhAbAda-kosama staMbhanA eka lekhamAM tathA sAMcInA taMbhalekhamAM je hakIkata ApelI che, lagabhaga te ja hakIkata A lekhamAM paNa che. phegele e ja varSe A lekhanuM saMpAdana karyuM, je "epirAphiyA inDikAnA 5. 8mAM prasiddha thayuM che. - sara jona mArzalane 1914-15mAM takSazilAnA khedakAmamAM azokane eka nAne khaMDita zailalekha prApta thayo. je arAmAI lipimAM kotarelo che. emAM "piyadarzI' nAma be vAra Ave che. A lekhanuM limaMtara "epirAphiyA inDikA'nA 5. 19(1928)mAM prasiddha thayuM che. 1915mAM beDanane haidarAbAda rAjyanA mAskI gAmamAM eka khaMDita zailalekha mo. A lekhamAM "devonA priya' pachI "azoka' nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che A ullekha khAsa noMdhapAtra che. sarakArI abhilekhavida huze 1912mAM azokanA abhilekhenA saMgrahanI navI AvRtti taiyAra karavA mAMDelI paraMtu prathama vizvayuddha zarU thatAM tenuM mudraNa khoraMbhe paDyuM. ene 1922mAM AkharI svarUpa ApavAmAM AvyuM ne Akhare 1925mAM e prakAzita thaI, tyAre kanigamavALI AvRttimAM ghaNA sudhArAvadhArA thayA. have azokanA cauda mukhya zailalekha kula sAta sthaLoe, gauNa zailalekha paNa sAta sthaLoe, cha staMbhalekha cha sthaLoe, saMghabhedane lagato gauNa staMbhalekha traNa sthaLoe ane anya gauNa staMbhalekhomAM nepAlanI tarAInA be staMbhalekha upalabdha thayA hatA. For Private And Personal Use Only

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dha vAcana ane adhyakta A saMgrahamAM prAkRta pATha devanAgarI tathA romana lipimAM Apela che. vaLI zailakho tathA staMbhalekhonA tulanAtmaka pATha paNa ApyA che. sarva abhilekhonuM aMgrejI bhASAMtara paNa ApavAmAM AvyuM che. A daramyAna azokanA abhilekho vize eka mahattvanuM prakAzana bahAra paDyuM. bUla re "azoka TesTa eNnDa glaoNsarImAM tenA sarva prakAzita abhilekhana akSaraza: pAka ane temAMnA zabdonI sUci taiyAra karyo. te 1924mAM be bhAgamAM prakAzita thayuM. 1925mAM de. . bhAMDArakaranuM "azoka' (aMgrejImAM) bahAra pADyuM, lekhake azokanA abhilekhanuM bhASAMtara ane vivaraNa ApeluM che. azoka vize evuM ja eka bIjuM mahattvanuM pustaka 1928mAM prakAzita thayuM. e rAdhAkumuda mukharjIe aMgrejImAM taiyAra kareluM. enuM zIrSaka paNa "azoka" che. jemAM emaNe abhilekhenA bhASAMtara tathA vivaraNa uparAMta tene mULa pATha paNa Apyo che. azokanA abhilekhenA saMgrahanI bIjI AvRtti prakAzita thayA pachI paNa enA keTalAka bIjA abhilekha prakAzamAM AvatA rahyA che. karnala jillA(Azva pradeza)ne eraMguDI (ke guDI) gAma pAsenA DuMgaranA cha zailo para azokanA cauda zailalekhenI nakala tathA gauNa zailalekhanI nakala kotarelI che. A lekhane patto bhUstaravida ane zeSane lAgelo paNa temaNe te mAhitI ghaNAM varSa bAda bahAra pADI. pachI A lekha pUrAtatva sarvekSaNanA 192829nA vArSika ahevAlamAM dayA rAma sAhanIe prakAzita karyA. emAM cauda zailalekhAno pAka kAlasInA pATha sAthe sahuthI vadhu sAmya dharAve che. gauNa zailalekhanI keTalIka paMkitao vArApharatI DAbIthI jamaNI bAju tarapha ane jamaNIthI DAbI bAju tarapha kotarI che te eka avanavA prayoga jevuM lAge che. ene pUrvArdha brahmagirinA pAkane maLato che, paraMtu A lekhamAM e uparAMta keTaluMka vadhu lakhANa ApeluM che. azokanA gauNa zailalekhanI be nakala 1931mAM maisUra rAjyanA kopabALa gAma pAse nArAyaNa rAva zAstrIne jaDI. emAMnI eka govimaTha DuMgaranA zaila para ane bIjI pAkiguDuDuMgaranA zaila para kotarelI che. A lekhanuM saMpAdana Tarnare kahyuM che ne te 1932mAM haidarAbAda ArkiyolaoNjikala sirIjhamAM prakAzita thayuM che. govimaka lekha pAka rUpanAtha lekhane maLato che. pAkiguDa zailane lekha ghaNo khaMDita ane apUrNa che. 1946mAM benI mAdhava baruAnuM "azoka eNnDa hijha iskripzansa' prasiddha thayuM. For Private And Personal Use Only

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13 azoka ane enA abhilekhe aphaghAnistAnanA pule dArunta (ji. lagAna) pAse arAmAI lipimAM kotarelo eka gauNa zailalekha maLyo che, jenuM varNana heniMge 1949-58mAM laMDana yunivarsiTInI eka zodha patrikAmAM kareluM che. emAM keTalAka zabda arAmAI bhASAnA ane keTalAka prAkRta bhASAnA che. A lekha kAbulanA myujhiyamamAM che. Andha pradezanA rAjula maNDagiri (ji. karnala) nAme DuMgara para 1953mAM azokanA gaNa zailalekhanI nakala maLI. A lekha "epiMgrAphikyA inDikAnA pu. 31 (1960)mAM prasiddha thayo. 1953mAM chAbarAne madhya pradezanA gujara gAma pAse azekanA gauNa zailalekhanI nakala maLI. A lekhamAM "devonA priyanI sAthe azokanuM nAma ApeluM che. mAskInA lekhamAM "gaNo' pachI "a" vaMcAyelo ne te pachI keTalAka akSara avAcca che, jyAre A lekhamAM 'gaNo rASaNa' evo spaSTa ane pUro pATha maLe che. A lekha pahelavahelo inDiyana hisTarI koMgresanA amadAvAda adhivezana (1954)mAM prakAzamAM Avyo ne "epijhAphiyA inDikA'nA pu. 31(1960)mAM prakAzita thayo. - 1956mAM sopArAmAM azokanA zailalekha naM. 9no pUrvArdha kotarelo zaila-khaMDa maLyo. A lekha "epirAphiyA inDikAnA pu. 32(1959)mAM prasiddha thayo che. aphaghAnistAnamAM kaMdahAra pAse AvelA zara-i-kunA nAme sthaLe azokano eka dvibhASI gauNa zailakha maLyo che. e lekhanI mAhitI pahelavahelI emanA IsTa eNnDa vesTa' sAmayikanA mArca-jUna 1958nA aMkamAM umabarTo siTInA lekha dvArA pragaTa thaI. A lekhano pATha e lekhakanA graMthamAM iTAlI anuvAda sAthe e varSe prasiddha thayo. 'jarnala eziyATika mAM e varSe e lekhano pATha zUnya anuvAda sAthe prakAzita thayo. "epirAphiyA inDikA'nA pu. 33(1960)mAM sarakAre enA baMne pAkonuM prAkRtamAM rUpAMtara karyuM che. AmAM upalo lekha grIka lipimAM grIka bhASAmAM che ne nIcalo lekha arAmAI lipimAM arAmAI bhASAmAM che. emAM mULa lakhANa grIkamAM lAge che ne amarAI lakhANa eno bhAvAnuvAda lAge che. A lekha "rAjA priyadarzI'nA rAjyakAlanA varSa 10no che. sarakAre bhAchA lekhane gauNa zailakha naM.3 gaNI, A lekhane gauNa zailakha naM. 4 gaNAvyo che. 1959mAM rAdhAgoviMda basAke "azakana iskripzansa'mAM azokanA sarva abhilekhone pATha pragaTa karyo. 1961mAM uttara pradezanA ahaura zahera pAse govardhanarAma zamane azokanA gauNa zaivakhatI eka nakala maLI. A lekha mirANIe tema ja nArAyaNe saMpAdita For Private And Personal Use Only

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dha, vAcana ane adhyayana 137 karyo ne e baMne pATha bhAratI'nA eka aMkamAM sAthe prakAzita thayA che. A lekhane aMte buddhanA dehAvazeSa padharAvyAne ullekha umerAyo che e khAsa noMdhapAtra che. amarAvatImAM staMbhalekhanA khaMDita aMza jevA zilAkhaMDa para kotarelo eka lekha maLyo che, jene lipi tathA bhASA parathI sarakAre azokane lekha dhAryo che. A mata 'epigrAphiyA inDikA'nA 3. 35(1963)mAM rajU thayo che. A lekha azokano koI judo staMbhalekha lAge che. 1965mAM rAjabalI pADe kazo samA nAme graMthamAM azokanA sarva prakAzita abhilekhano akSaraza: pATha Apyo. emAM mukhya zailalekhonI sAta, gauNa zailalekhonI cauda, kaliganA alaga zailalekhonI be, mukhya staMbhalekhonI che, saMghabhedane lagatA staMbhalekhanI traNa, ane bAkInA cha lekhanI ekeka prata ApI che. taduparAMta cauda zailalekho, be kaliMga lekho ane cha staMbhalekhanA tulanAtmaka pATha tema ja takSazilA tathA kaMdahAranA zailakhAnA pATha paNa ApyA che. A graMthanA prakAzana dvArA azokanA abhilekhanA pAkanI adyatana sAmagrI navesara sulabha thaI che. indraprastha(dilhI)mAM 1966mAM laghu zilAlekhana khaMDa maLyo che. vargIkaraNa- azokanA vividha abhivenuM vargIkaraNa be rIte thaI zake - zilAnA prakAranI dRSTie ane viyanI dRSTie. zilAnA prakAranI dRSTie zailakho ane staMbhalekho ekadama alaga tarI Ave che. guphAnI dIvAla para kotarelA lekha vaLI trIjA prakAranA che. rUpanAtha ane sahasarAmanA zailalekhamAM jaNAvyuM che ke A bAbata prasaMgata: parvata para lakhAvavAmAM Ave; ne jyAM zilAtaMbha hoya tyAM zilArastaMbha para lakhAvavAmAM Ave dhaulI tathA jagaDhanA zailalekha naM. 1nA AraMbhamAM "A dharmalipi (amuka) parvata para devonA priya priyadarzI rAjAe lakhAvI (kotarAvI) che ema jaNAvyuM che. dilhI-ToparA staMbha paranA lekha naM.7mAM aMte "A dharmalipi jyAM zilAstaMbha ke zilAphalako hoya tyAM karAvavI (lakhAvavI) jethI lAMbe vakhata Take' ema bhalAmaNa karI che. barAbara guphAlekhamAM 'parvata' ane 'guhAne ullekha Ave che. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #154
aoka ane enA abhile A parathI A abhilekhamAM parvato, zivArtA, zilAphalako ne guphAo evA cAra zilA-prakArone ullekha maLe che. alabatta je zailalekhamAM te lekha zilA staMbha para paNa kotarAvavA jaNAvyuM che te lekho koI zilAtaMbho para kotarelA maLyA nathI ne je silAstaMbhalekhamAM zilAphalako para paNa kotarAvavAnI bhalAmaNa karI che te lekha koI zilAphalaka para kotarelo maLyo nathI. A ulemAM "parvata' ane 'zivAstaMbhane artha spaSTa che. dhaulI, jaoNgaDha, rUpanAtha ane sahasarAmanA lekha spaSTata: 'parvata' para kotarAyA hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. AthI mukhya zailalekho tathA gauNa zailekhone azokanI paribhASAmAM "parvatalekha" kahevAya. paraMtu parvatanA je bhAga para lekha kotarelA hoya che te parvatanI moTI moTI zilAo hoya che. keTalIka vAra to te mahAzilA parvatanI mahAzilAothI alaga paDIne jamInanI sapATI para rahelI hoya che, jema ke giranAranI. aMgrejI mAM AvI morilA mATe "rock' zabda prajApo che. gujarAtImAM "mahAzilA' zabda prapojIe, to megalith" sAthe goTALo thAya. AthI ahIM "zaila' zabda prayojavo ucita che. emAM kaTaka(parvatano bahAra Ubho ke DhaLato bhAga)nI mahAzilAno tema ja parvatane artha AvI jAya che. zilAstaMbha to spaSTa che, paNa zilA "phalaka' kone kahevA? phalaka eTale capaTI chATa. giranArano zaila 12 phUTa UMce che. ne nIce ene gherAvo 75 phUTa jeTalo che. bairATane zaila 17824415 jeTalo moTo che. evA zailonI sarakhAmaNIe kalakattA-bairATa zilA ghaNI nAnI che, mAtra 242 41 phaTa jeTalI ja. AthI bhAMDArakara sUcave che tema tene zilAphalaka' gaNI zakAya. zilAtaMbha naM.7mAM 'zilAphalakone ullekha hovA chatAM, zilAlakano hajI A eka ja namUne maLyo che. ghaNA lekhako ene zilAphalaka tarIke cAlaga na paDatAM ene zaila9mAM samAveza kare che. viSayanI dRSTie joIe, te zailalekho tathA staMbhalekhanA keTalAka peTA-prakAra che. zaiva bomAM je cauda lekhonI lekhamAlAmAM che te mukhya zailalekho gaNAya che. enI sarakhAmaNIe bIjA badhA "gauNa zailalekha" gaNAya che. dhaulI ane jagaDhamAM je be bIjA lekha ApelA che tene 'berAlaga lekhake "be alaga kaliMga lekho kahe che, kema ke te kaliMgamAM Avela tasalI ane samApA nagarIonA adhikArIone uddezIne che. rUpanAtha, sahaparAma, aisara vagere sthaLoe je gauga zailekha che, temAM azoke pitAnA dharmaprasAranI AraMbhika kArakirdI varNavI che. brahmagiri, siddhApura, jaTiMga For Private And Personal Use Only

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dha, vAcana ane adhyayana 139 savara vagere sthaLoe e lekhanA anusaMdhAnamAM vadhu lakhANa ApeluM che, tene sagavaDa mATe lekha naM. 2 tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu kharI rIte emAM be lekha alaga pADelA nathI. ema to eraMguDInA lekhamAM keTaluMka lakhANa ethIya vadhu ApeluM che. A parathI A lekhano mULa pATha uttara bhAratanI prato pramANe ne haze, paraMtu dakSiNa bhAratanI pratamAM dharmopadezanA siddhAMto umeravAmAM AvyA che. staMbhalekhAmAM che ane chevaTe sAta) lekhonI lekhamAlA che te mukhya staMbhalekhA' gaNAya che. enI sarakhAmaNIe bIjA staMbhalekha "gauNa staMbhalekha" gaNAya che. emAM sAMcI, sAranAtha ane kauzAMbInA lekha bauddha saMghamAM taDa na pADavA vizenA eka ja viSayane lagatA che. AthI alAhAbAda-kosama staMbha parano e gauNa lekha 'kauzAMbI lekha" tarIke oLakhAya che. evI rIte e staMbha parane bIjI rANI kATuvAkIne dAnane lagato bIjo gauNa lekha "rANInA lekha" tarIke oLakhAya che. razminaI ane nigalI sAgaranA staMbhalekha nepAlanAM bauddha yAtrAsthAnone lagatA che, paraMtu e bemAMnI hakIkata alaga alaga che. kaMdahArano lekha eka judA prakArano gauNa zailalekha che, je paNa AraMbhika dharmaprasArane lagato che. anya lekhamAM takSazilA, lamagAna ane amarAvatInA lekhonA pATha pUratA pramANamAM upalabdha na hoI, tene viSayavAra zekavavA muzkela che. kAlAnukama ane saMkhyA agAu jaNAvyA mujaba azokanA keTalAka abhilekhamAM te lekhanA ke te lekhamAM karelI cAlu jAherAtanA varSane nirdeza karavAmAM Avyo che, jayAre bIjA keTalAka abhilekhamAM koI cakkasa varSa ApyAM nathI. zara-i-kunA(kaMdahAra)nA zailalekha varSa 10nI pravRttione lagatA che. anya lekhamAM jaNAvyA mujaba A varSa azokanA rAjyAbhiSekathI gaNavAmAM AvatAM. A varSanI saMkhyA vartamAna (cAlu) varSanI nahi, paNa gata (pUrAM thayelAM) varSanI hoya che. be guphAlekha varSa 12nA che. cauda zaikha varSa 12-13nA che. trIjo guphAlekha varSa 19o che. nepAlanA baMne staMbhalekha varSa 20nA che. che For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #156
140 azoka ane enA abhilekhA sAta saMbhavemAMnA pahelA cha leba varSa 26nA che, jyAre temAM chello lekha (naM. 7) varSa 27 che. jemAM azoke aDhI varSathI pote (bauddha) upAsaka thayo hovAno ullekha karela che te zaivalekhamAM koI rokkasa varSa ApeluM nathI. paraMtu e ullekha parathI te lekha va 11nA arasAmAM hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. azokanA aminA prakArone kAlakrama anusAra goThavIe, te pahelAM gauNa zailakhe, pachI cauda mukhya zailalekho, pachI guphAkho, pachI gauNa staMbhalekho ne chevaTe mukhya staMbhalekho goThavAya, jyAre e prakAranA abhilekhananA padArthonA prakAra tathA te te prakAranA abhilekhonI saMkhyAnI dRSTie goThavIe, to pahelAM zailabo (mukhya tathA gauNa), pachI staMbhalekha (mukhya tathA gauNa) ane chevaTe guphAlekho Ave. AmAM saMkhyAnI tathA nakalonI dRSTie mukhya zailakhe tathA mukhya staMbhalekho savizeSa mahatva dharAve che. mukhya zailalekha 14 che. temAMnA lekha naM.1thI 10 ane 14nI nakalo sAta sthaLoe maLI che, ne lekha naM. 11thI 13nI nakale temAMnAM pAMca sthaLoe kotarelI che. sopArAmAM lekha naM. 8 ane 9nA aMza maLyA che te parathI lekha naM. 1thI 14nI eka vadhu nakala tyAM kotarAI hovAnuM jaNAya che. kharI rIte A pUrI akSaraza: nakalo nathI. paraMtu prAdezika bolIbheda dharAvatAM rUpAMtara che. chatAM lakhANanI hakIkata ane rajUAtanI dRSTie A lekhane saMkhyAmAM cauda ja gaNavA joIe, baruAnI jema 93 (sopArAno lekha naM. 9 umeratAM 94) nahi. e zI rIte karavAnA be alaga lekha je be sthaLoe maLyA che tene saMkhyAmAM be gaNavA joIe, cAra nahi. - gauga zaivamAM je lekha aneka sthaLoe maLe che te kharI rIte eka ja lekha gaNAya. enI kula 13 prata maLI che. e paikI keTalIka prato(khAsa karIne uttara bhAratanI prato)nuM lakhANa TUMkuM che, tyAre bIjI keTalIka prato(khAsa karIne dakSiNa bhAratanI prata)mAM emAM ochuMvatuM lakhANa umereluM che. mukhya bhalekho paikInA naM. 1-6nI cha prata maLI che. temane lekha naM. 7 amAMnI eka ja pratamAM umerAya che. For Private And Personal Use Only

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zodha, vAcana ane adhyayana alahAbAda-kosAma staMbha para saMghabhedane lagatA lekha sAMcI ane sAranAthanA staMbhalekha sAthe ghaNe aMze maLato Ave che. AthI e traNa lekhe eka lekhanI traNa prata gaNAya. ruminaIne staMbhalekha ane nigalI sAgarano staMbhalekha eka prakAranA hovA chatAM be judA judA lekha che. rANInA lekha tarIke oLakhAto alahAbAda-kosAma staMbhalekha tathA kalakattA-bairATa phalaka lekha paNa judA judA che. barAbara DuMgaranA traNa guphAlekha paNa eka prakAranA hovA chatAM traNa judA judA lekha che. kaMdahAranA zailalekhanAM dvibhASI rUpAMtarone eka ane judA lekha tarIke gaNavA ghaTe. takSazilAne zailalekha vaLI enAthI judo lAge che. pule dAruntane zailalekha paNa eka judo lekha jaNAya che. Ama videzI lipinA A traNa lekha gaNAya. amarAvatI staMbhalekha paNa eka judo lekha lAge che. A rIte gaNatAM azokanA jJAta abhilekhonI saMkhyA 36 thAya che. emAM cauda mukhya zailalekhanI hAla 94 prata maLI che, sAta mukhya staMbhalekhanI 37, kaliMganA be alaga zailalekhanI 4, eka gauNa zailalekhanI 13 ane eka gauNa staMbhalekhanI 3-ema 25 lekhanI kula 151 prata maLI che arthAt enI kula 126 vadhArAnI nakalo maLI che. AthI 36 abhilekhonI hAla kula 16ra prata maLI che. sepArAmAM cauda raulalekhe paikI hajI bArane patto lAga bAkI che, paNa te taddana apekSita che. ene gaNatarImAM samAvIe, to pratonI saMkhyA 174 thAya. bhaviSyamAM hajI vadhu abhilekho ane vadhu prato maLatI raheze e taddana saMbhavita che. e paikI hAla to 36 lekha ane 162 prato upalabdha che; ne e 36 lekha paikI 3 lekha adhUrA hoI sunizcita na gaNAya. bAkInA 33 lekhonuM ahIM chevaTe gujarAtI bhASAMtara ApavAmAM AvyuM che. abhilekhanI prAptisthAna agAu prakaraNa 2mAM gaNAvelAM che. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #158
2. lipi ane bhASA lipio - caudamI sadImAM phIrojhazAha taghalake dilhI khaseDAvelA ToparA staMbha ane mIraTha staMbha paranA abhilekho e samayanA paMDito ukelI zakyA nahotA. ogaNIsamI sadInA AraMbhamAM yuropIya vidvAnonuM dhyAna AmAMnA keTalAka abhilekho tarapha paDayuM tyAre keTalAMka varSo sudhI pazcimanA ke bhAratanA vidvAnone UkalatA nahotA (AkRti 13). Akhare 1835--37 daramyAna e abhilekhanI prAcIna lipi ukelI zakAI tyAre mAluma paDyuM ke e lekha bhAratanI brAhmI nAme prAcIna rASTralipimAM kotarelA che te bhAratanI lagabhaga badhI arvAcIna lipio kramaza: parivartana pAmatI pAmatI e prAcIna lipimAMthI ja UtarI AvelI che. A lipinA akSaromAM tyAre zirorekhAnI zarUAta paNa thaI nahotI. svaramAM a, gA, rU, 3, p ane mo maLe che, bAkInA svara A prAkRta lekhamAM prayojAyA nathI. 2, 3, tu ane tenAM cihana svataMtra che, A parathI sAdhelAM nathI. samAM dImAtrA umerIne A karato. vyaMjanamAM 4 sivAya 4 thI 6 sudhInA sarva akSara vaparAyA che. keTalAka akSaronA ekathI vadhu maroDa jovA maLe che, jemAM keTalAka sIdhI rekhAonA banelA koNAtmaka maraDa che, jyAre keTalAka vaLAMkadAra rekhAonA goLa maroDa che, jema ke ja, , , , , , 6, 1, 2, 4, 2 ane 3mAM (AkRti 3). vyaMjanomAM svaronI mAtrAo A rIte umerAtI: A nI mAtrA vyaMjananI jamaNI bAju, mATe bhAge Toca pAse nAnI ADI rekhArUpe umerAtI. nI mAtrAmAM AnI mAtrAnA jamaNA che kATakhUNe nAnI UbhI rekhA umerAtI, pha mATe enI DAbI bAjue vacce eka bIjI UbhI rekhA umeravAmAM AvatI. 4 mATe vyaMjananI nIce jamaNI bAjue zAnI mAtrA jevI nAnI ADI rekhA umeratA. 3 mATe enI upara evI eka bIjI ADI rekhA umerAtI. inI mAtrA aMjananI DAbI bAjue, moTe bhAge Teca pAse, nAnI ADI rekhArUpe umerAtI. che mATe emAM evI eka bIjI ADI rekhA umeratA. mATe akSaranI jamaNI bAjue jAnI ane DAbI bAjue junI rekhA umeravAmAM AvatI. ane saunI mAtrAnI A lekhamAM jarUra paDI nathI. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #159
lipi ane bhASA 143 anusvAranuM cihna biMdurUpe akSaranI jamaNI bAju Toca pAse umerAtuM. visarga A lekhamAM Avato nathI. saMyukatAkSaromAM sAmAnya rIte pUrvaga vyaMjananI nIce anuga vyaMjanane joDavAmAM Avato, jema ke AkRti 2mAM rasa, , japa, 4 ane . paraMtu keTalIka vAra A akSarone UlaTo krama jovAmAM Ave che, jema ke AkRti ramAM 8 ane i. nI bAbatamAM to te pUrvaga hoya ke anuga hoya, tenuM cihna hamezAM rephanI jema upara ja karavAmAM AvatuM, jema ke AkRti mAM ja, jha, ane rva. ghaNA akSaromAM te e bIjA akSaranI UbhI surekhAmAM bheLavIne darzAvavAmAM AvatuM, jema ke AkRti mAM , ka, ane 2. aMcihnamAM 4, 6, 10 ane 100nAM cihana maLe che. e samaye dazaka zataka vagere mATe sthAnamUlyano niyama apanAvAyo na heI, 10 20 20 vagere mATe alaga svataMtra cihna prajAtAM, vAyavya sarahada prAMtanA zAhabAjagaDhI ane mAnaseharAnA zailalekho vaLI eka judI ja lipimAM kotarelA che. te lipinuM nAma kharoSThI che. A lipi semeTika kulanI lipionI jema jamaNI bAjuthI DAbI bAju tarapha lakhAtI. e kulanI arAmAI lipi sAthe e ghaNuM sAmya dharAve che. kharoSThI lipi akhAmanI vaMzanA zAsananI asaravALA gaMdhAra ane enI pazcime AvelA pradezamAM pracalita thayelI lokalipi hatI. brAhmI lipimAM kotarAyelA keTalAka lekhanA lahiyA kharoSThI lipi vAparanAra hatA evuM temaNe lakhelA keTalAka chUTaka zabdo parathI athavA te lekhamAM temaNe karelA UlaTI lekhanadizAnA pheraphAra parathI mAlUma paDe che. A lipi 1834-40 daramyAna ukelAI (AkRti 4). A lipimAM 3nA cihnamAMthI , 3, g ane monAM cihana upajAvelAM che. svaromAM ke svaramAtrAomAM dIrdhatA darzAvavA mATe koI cihuna prayojAtAM nahi. vyaMjanomAM 4 sivAya vA thI dunAM cihna maLe che. amAM tema ja vyaMjanomAM junI mAtrA darzAvavA mATe akSaranA upalA ke vacalA bhAgane chedatI UbhI ke trAMsI rekhA umeravAmAM AvatI. 3nI mAtrA mATe akSaranI nIce DAbI bAjue sIdhI, ADI ke vaLAMkadAra rekhA umerAtI. nI mAtrA mATe akSaranA upalA bhAgamAM trAMsI ke sIdhI rekhA umeratA. sonI mAtrA mATe akSaranI vaccethI DAbI bAjue nIce maLatI trAMsI rekhA joDatA. anusvAra mATe akSaranI nIce bANanI Toca jevuM cihna umerAtuM. saMyukatAkSaramAM rephane badale ne e akSaranA ke enI pahelAMnA akSaranA anuga For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #160
14. athAka ane enA abhilekhe akSara tarIke joDatA, jema ke ne badale sA ane dharmane badale prema. aMkacihamAM 1 thI 9 sudhI ekeka UbhI rekhA lakhAtI. kaMdahAranA zailalekhanuM eka rUpAMtara grIka lipimAM che, te gaMdhAranI paDozamAM AvelA yavana (grIka) pradezane laIne haze. zailalekhanuM bIjuM rUpAMtara tathA laghamAna jillAnA lekha arAmAI lipimAM che. A lipi bebilona sAmrAjyanA vArasArUpe IzanI sAmrAjyamAM pracalita hatI ne tethI gaMdhAra pradezamAM teno upayoga thato evuM mAluma paDe che. akSara vinyAsa-kharoSThI lipimAM mA, 2, 3, che ane saune sthAne anukrame 5, 6, 3, 4 ane mo lakhAto. brAhmI lipimAM saMyukatAkSaramAM sAmAnya rIte pUrvaga vyaMjananI nIce anuga vyaMjanane joDavAmAM Ave che, paraMtu emAM keTalIka vAra ethI UlaTuM jovAmAM Ave Ave che, jema ke Dine badale jiM, pAne badale tA ane kAne badale . bhASA-azokanA lagabhaga badhA abhilekha -brAhmI lipimAM kotarelA tema ja kharoSThI lipimAM kotarelA-prAkRta bhASAmAM lakhelA che. mAtra aramAI ane grIka lipimAM kotarelA lekha te te videzI bhASAmAM lakhAyA che. A abhilekhanI prAkRta bhASA vyAkaraNanI dRSTie eka prakAranI nathI, paraMtu emAM prAdezika bolIo anusAra pAThabheda rahelA che. emAMnAM koI bhASAsvarUpane pachInA samayanI koI praziSTa prAkRta bhASAo tarIke oLakhAvI zakAya ema nathI. magadhanA rAjA azoke pATaliputramAM potAnAM sarva zAsana e samayanI mAgadhI bhASAmAM lakhAvyAM haze ne pachI tenI nakalo anya pradezomAM kotarAvatA pahelAM te te lekhanuM te te pradezanI bolImAM rUpAMtara karAvyuM haze. azekanA abhilekhanI bhASAne prAdezika bolI-bhedanI dRSTie keTalAka vidvAna noe vigate abhyAsa karyo che. emAM bihAra, uttara pradeza, paMjAba, nepAla; rAjasthAna, madhya pradeza, orisA; saurASTra, koMkaNaAndha ane karNATaka ane vAyavya sarahada- evA judA judA pradezonAM bolI-jUtha alaga paDe che. 9. Woolner, As'oka, Text and Glossary; Mahendle, A Comparative Grammar of As'okan Insciptions; Barua, As'oka and His Inscriptions, Basak, Asokan Inscriptions; re, marazo mitta. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #161
lipi ane bhASA 1 enA mukhya zailalekhamAM maLato bolI-bheda A pramANe che giranAra - devAnaM priyo piyadasi rAjA evaM Aha / oIguDI-devAnaM piye piyadasi rAjA hevaM Aha / basI- devAnaM piye piyadasi lAjA he aahaa| polI - devAnaM piye piyadasI lAjA hevaM AhA / - devAnaM piye pithadasI lAjA hevaM aahaa| ANSarlal - devanaM priyo priyadazi raja - aha / bhaanse42|| --- devanaM priye priyadazi raja eva aha / mukhya staMbhalekhAmAM bolIbheda javalle ja maLe che. bolIne namUna. . devAnaM piye piyadasi lAja hevaM aah| kayAnameva dekhati iyaM me kyAne kaTe ti| auNa zailalekhamAM keTaloka bolIbheda rahelo che: sahasarAma - se etAye aThAye iyaM sAvane - khudakA ca uDAlA cA palakamaMtu / 35nAtha - etiya aThAya ca sAvana kaTe / khudakA ca uDAlA ca pakamatu ti| barATa ............ kA ca uDAlA ca palakamatu ti| zula-se etAye ca aThAye iyaM sAvaNe - / khudAke ca uDAre cA dhamaM caraMtU yogaM yuMjaMtU / R- etAyaThAya iyaM sAvaNe sAvApite / - mahAtmA ca iyaM - pakameyu ti| siddhapura-se-ya iyaM sAvaNe saavite| yathA khudakA ca mahAtmA ca iyaM pakameyu ti| bhAga-rAmezvaramADI-na heva - dakhitaviye uDAlake va ima adhigacheyA ti khudake ca uDAlake ca vataviyA / a0 10 For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #162
azoka ane enI abhilekhe eraMguDI - utA gAya sAvare sAttei kathA zunnA mAdhanA ye pAmelU govimaTha-utA ja 15 phuI rAvaLe -- kAna 2 maMtu tA. pAlakiguMDa -... ................... vagaMtu rAjula-maMDagiri -utA 2 mAya sAne pavite . ,,,,,,,,,,,, , aharIsa - tAre mAthe phAM sApane - ( gza ja sArA 2 patramA saMghabhedanA niSedhane lagatA gauNa staMbhalekhamAM khAsa kaMI bolIbheda rahelo nathI: kesAma - je pa vA gotA surAri saMcita banAvAya aavaasyiye| sAranAtha - re govAni susAne saMdhAyA gAnAvAra savAre sAMcI - mAtAne yuvAna sacinu manAvAva vAvetara! bihAranA abhilekhomAM mAgadhI bhASAnuM saMpUrNa svarUpa raheluM hovAnI apekSA rahe, paraMtu e lekhonI bhASAmAMya mAgadhInAM lakSaNa aMzata: lAgu paDe che. mAgadhImAM akArAnA zabdomAM puliMga prathamAM ekavacananAM rUpa hamezAM tukArAnta hoya che. A lakSaNa mAtra magadhanA je mahi bIjA ghaNA pradezanA abhilekhAmAM paNa raheluM che. apavAda: giranAra (saurASTra) ane zAhabAjagaDha(ji. pezAvara)nA abhilekhomAM jaI ne badale A prayojAyo che? mAgadhI bhASAnuM bIjuM lakSaNa e che ke emAM meM ka thaI jAya che. A lakSaNa bihAra, uttara pradeza, paMjAba, nepAla, orisA, rAjasthAna ane rUpanAtha 1. dA. ta., sane (kAlasI), tari (mAnaseharA), nAraMge (dhalI), utte (rUpanAtha), vipu (sahasarAma), vadhaze (kalakattA-bairATa), ravo (brahmagiri), haMse (dilhI ToparA, dhaMze (rAmapurA), Ag (sAranAtha), gche (mmideI) vagere. 2. dA. ta, samAgo (giranAra), (giranAra), puLo (zAhabAjagaDhI) jano (zAhabAjagaDhI) vagere For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #163
lipi ane bhASA (ma.pra.)nA abhilekhomAM raheluM che. paraMtu giranAra, sopArA, 3 vAyavya sarahada, guja (madhya pradeza), Andra pradeza ane maisUranA abhilekhAmAM ne ja rahe che. Ama mAgadhInuM A lakSaNa uttara, madhya ane pUrvanA pradezomAM pracalita hatuM ane pazcima, vAyavya ane dakSiNamAM pracalita nahotuM. mAgadhInuM eka bIjuM mukhya lakSaNa e che ke emAM no sarvatra za thAya che. A lakSaNa pUrva bhAratanA abhilekhamAM paNa bhAgye ja raheluM che. uttara bhArata tathA pUrva bhAratanA tema ja madhya pradezanA staMbhalekhomAM to hamezAM to e rahe che evuM ja nahi UlaTuM za tathA ne ja thAya che.8 bihAranA guphAlekhamAM paNa evuM ja che. zailalekhamAM saurASTra, koMkaNa, orisA, madhya pradeza, bihAra, sajasthAna," Andha ane maisUranA lekhamAM paNa sarvatra 3 prayojAye che. 1. dA. ta., rAga (kAlasI), saMtaruM (dhaulI), tare (rUpanAtha), citra (sahasarAma), 3DhADhA (bairATa), wAnA (barAbara, jhArAne (dilhI-TIparA, pArA (alahAbAda-kosAma), gana (niglIva) vagere. 2. dA.ta., gA. 3. dA.te, UM. 4. dA.ta., sudaraM (zAhabAjagaDhI), ne (mAnasehasa). 5. dA.ta., rAga. 6. dA.ta., kure (mAskI), tharA (eguDI), baMdara (govimaDa) vagere. 7. dA.ta, mA jayaM (brahmagiri), sAti(siddhapura) vagere. 8. dA.ta, satIti (dilhI-ToparA), [va (dilahI-meraTha), hitapurNa (lauriyA naMdanagaDha), yuke (lauriyA ararAja), jAni (rAmapuravA), sure (alhAbAda-kosAma), Tuna (sAMcI), sAsana (sAranAtha), vIra (sminaI) vagere. 9. dA.ta., viyatanA, navatasi. 10. dA.ta, tala, manusa, papu (giranAra) 11. dA.ta, rasane (sopArA), 12. dA.ta, samAre, , vagere. 13. dA.ta., (rUpanAtha), mai (guja. 14. dAta. fmai (sahasarAma) 15. dA.ta, varSa, mAsikta, rise (kalakattA-bairATa) 16. dA.ta, avara (mAskI), sunisA(eraMguDI), rAvaLa (govimaTha).. 17. dA.ta, lili (brahmagiri), yAmi (siddhapura). For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #164
148 azoka ane enA abhilekhe kAlasI(u.pra.)nA zailalekhomAM lekha naM. 1thI 9mAM paNa lagabhaga sarvatra sa vaparAyo che. paraMtu lekha naM. 10thI 14mAM ene badale ghaNI jagyAe ne * no ja, to ja' no , no , evA 4 ane 5nA prayoga jovAmAM Ave che. Ama emAM uSmAkSaranA aniyata pheraphAra karelA che! vAyavya sarahadanA abhilekhAmAM , ane no prayoga prAya: yathocita rIte thayelo che, jema ke pricazi, jhArAtani , davA, vajAti pa4, zrama, cA, dhamanurAta, ggs, rAvaNa ityAdi, Ama mAgadhInA za kAranuM lakSaNa ahIM niyama tarIke kyAMya bhAgye ja jovA maLe che. mAgadhImAM mukhyatve na thAya che, jyAre azokanA abhilekhemAM prAya: ethI UlaTuM prayojAyuM che. arthAt ghaNA pradezomAM ja na karavAmAM Avyo che, jema ke jAnAni (kAlasI), sapanA (kAlasI), vamana (dhaulI), dina (sepArA), zAsana (staMbhalekhe), tAva (rUpanAtha), mizuri (sAMcI, sAranAtha, kosAma), pAne (guja), suku (bairATa), vorA (eraMguDI) ityAdi. pazcima, vAyavya ane dakSiNanA pradezomAM jano na rAkhavAmAM Ave che, jema ke ghaNA, samaja, ajanA (giranAra), nahi, jhA (vAyavya sarahada), kALAtu (govimaTha), pujALI, sAva rAhu (brahmagiri), paraMtu ra ne karavAno dAkhale javalle ja maLe che 1. dA.ta., vicalI (lakha naM. 1), manasa (lekha naM. 2), musA (lekha naM. 3), salica (lekha naM. 4), tapu (lakha naM. 5), 2 (lakhana 6), mAvadudha (lakhanaM. 7), rone (lekhanaM. 8), gNe (lekha naM. 9). lekha naM.4mAM apavAdarUpe chelI paMkitamAM be jagyAo 4 prayojAyo che. 2. dA.ta., vicA , caNo, malirA, puSaSA, . 3. dA.ta., sukupA, 3puTana, , jAvaMtra 4. dA.ta., paMvadhe, rASa, pAchuM 5. dA.ta, che, jAti, zava, lArAma. 6. dA.ta, vazarA. 7. paraMtu emAM kayAreka apavAda jovA maLe che, jema ke manuSane badale manurA, zuSane badale suSa, zanane badale ne, tane badale zataka, anuropanane badale manocana, amiSatane badale afmafsara vagere. Ama AmAM kyAreka ne badale 3, ne badale za, ne badale ja ane ine badale ja dekhA de che. 8. vanane badale saLa ane hala (giranAra) ane vajanamInane badale parvamamIna (govimaTha, pAlagiMDI). For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #165
lipi ane bhASA 149 mAgadhImAM to e thAya che, jyAre ahIM ene za thAya che. (dA.ta, gajha). mAgadhImAM Adya jhano ja thAya che, jyAre ahIM e ja kAyama rahe che, jema ke, hato, nAte, nIva, mAgadhImAM hetvartha kRdaMtane pratyaya che, ahIM tare che. saptamI ekavacanano pratyaya mAgadhImAM rada che, azokanA ghaNA lekhomAM upa che. Ama azokanA mikhemAM uttara ane pUrvanA lebenI bhASA mAgadhI bhASA sAthe aMzata: sAmya dharAve che, pUrNata: nahi. evI rIte ardhamAgadhI bhASAnAM lakSaNa paNa A lekhane aMzata: lAgu paDe che, khAsa karIne pazcima ane dakSiNa ane kyAreka vAyavyanA lekhone. emAM prathama ekavacanane so pracaya, rana ra rahevA deva, za ane jano 3 karavo, nana na kara ityAdi lakSaNo ardhamAgadhImAM rahelAM che, paraMtu azokanA lekhomAM koI pradezanA lebenI bhASA tenI sAthe pUrNa sAmya dharAvatI nathI. - zaurasenI prAkRtamAM rahe che, prathamA ekavacanamAM mo pratyaya lAge che, uSmAkSaromAM sarvatra mAtra vaparAya che, ne (Adya na no paNa) ja thAya che, saptamI ekavacanamAM dila pratyaya lAge che, be svaronI vacce AvatA to ra thAya che. A lakSaNe paNa AmAMnA koI pradezanA abhilekhanI bhASA sAthe pUrepUrAM baMdha besatAM nathI. paizAcI prAkRtamAM je pa thAya che, ne azokanA giranAra ane zAhabAnagaDhI lekhomAM jo thAya che. paraMtu A lekhanI bhASAmAM paizAcInAM bIjAM jUja lakSaNa jovA maLe che. evI rIte mahArASTra prAkRtamAM te 4 thato nathI, prathama ekavacanamAM che pratyaya lAge che, na kAyama rahe che vagere lakSaNa AmAMnA keTalAka lekhamAM, khAsa karIne giranAra, sapArA ane zAhabAnagarInA lekhamAM rahelAM che, paraMtu mahArASTranAM bIjAM lakSaNa e lekhanI bhASAne lAgu paDatAM nathI. Ama azokanA amarebAnI bhASA ke temAM koI prAdezika bhASAsvarUpa anukAlIna praziSTa prAkRta bhASAnAM pUrAM lakSaNa dharAvatAM nathI. A abhilekhAmAM sAta staMbhanI bhASA e samayanI mAgadhI bhASAnuM svarUpa dharAvatI lAge che. e bhASAnI asara ghaNe aMze uttara pradeza, himAcala pradeza, rAjasthAna, madhya pradeza ane orisA sudhI vistare che. jyAre vAyavya, pazcima ane dakSiNa pradezonAM bhASAsvarUpa prAdezika bhASAbhedanuM vipula pramANa dharAve che. TUMkamAM pUrva bhArata For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #166
57 azoka ane enA abhilA tathA uttara bhAratamAM prAcIna mAdhI pracalita hatI, jyAre uttarapazcima bhAratamAM, pazcima bhAratamAM ane dakSiNa bhAratamAM enAthI ThIka ThIka bhinna paDe tevAM prAkRta bhASAsvarUpa pracalita hatAM. azAkanA brAhmI lekhAmAM a, 6, 7, 5 ane o eTalA svaronA mULAkSara vaparAyA che. A mATe thamAM kAnA umeravAmAM Avata, A lekhanAM prAkRta lakhAchAmAM zuM, , , huM ne mau prayojavAnA prasaMga paDyo nathI. vyaMjanAmAM AA, 6, 3, 3, 6, huM ane enAM svaracihna umerAyAM che. A, 6 ane nAM cihna prAya: vyaMjananI Toce jamaNI bAjue, 3 ane aaN cihna vyaMjananI nIce jamaNI bAjue, ane chu ane phrenAM cihna vyaMjananI Toce DAbI bAjue umerAtAM. aunuM cihna jamaNI bAjue mA~nuM ane DAbI bAjue CnuM cihna umeravAthI vyakata thatuM. anusvAranuM biMdu akSaranI TocanI jamaNI bAjue umerAtuM. A lekhAmAM visarganA samAveza thatA nathI. vyaMjanAmAM 4 thI 6nI varNamAlA pUrI vikasI lAge che, paraMtu azekanAM prAkRta lakhANAmAM mAtra chanA prayoga thayo nathI. saMyukata vyaMjanomAM sAmAnyata: pUrvaga vyaMjananI nIce anuga vyaMjana joDAtA ne e anuga akSara kadamAM nAno lakhAtA. paraMtu r sAthenA saMyukata vyaMjanomAM pUrvaga 6 nI jema anuga paNa upara lakhAto dA.ta., meM paNa vaeNnA jevA lakhAte, 1. 6, 6 ane nI jema enuM paNa svataMtra cihna che; tene prApa kano-mAtra umerIne upajAvyuM nathI. For Private And Personal Use Only

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3. AraMbhika gauNa zilAlekha 1. thara-I-kunA kaMdahAra) zailalekha, varSa 10 (grIka rUpAMtara). dasa varSa thayAM rAjA priyadarzIe lomAM dharma-anuzasti pravartAvI. ne tyArathI teNe manuSyone vadhAre sArI rIte dharma-yukata karyA ne sarva pRthvI para jIvadhArIonI hita-sukha vaDe vRddhi thaI. ne rAjAe jIvadhArIonI hatyA tajI dIdhI ne sarva manu thie-rAjAnA zikArIoe tema ja sarva mAchImAree prANIonI hiMsA tajI dIdhI. ne jeone saMyama nahoto teo paNa te darekathI thaI zake te rIte saMyamI thayA che. ne teo paNa mAtApitA tathA vRddhonI zuzruSA kare che, jevI agAu thaI nahotI. ne ema karatA teo pachI hita-sukha vaDe vRddhi pAmaze ne sArI rIte vRddhi pAmaze. (arAbhAI rUpAMtara), dasa varSa thayAM amArA svAmI rAja priyadarzIe tyAre dharma-anuzasti pravartAvI. tyArathI pApanI hAni thaI che ne sarva jamAM du:kha cAlyAM gayAM che te sarva pRthvI para zAnti ane prIti che. ne A paNa thayuM che. amArA svAmI rAjAnA bhojana mATe ghaNI ochI hatyA thAya che. ne te joIne sarva manuSyo hatyA karatA nathI. ne evI rIte je mAchImAro che teo paNa niyama (niyamana) vaDe saMyamI thayA che. ne evI rIte jeone saMyama nahote teo paNa saMyamI ghaNA che. ne sahu mAtApitAnI zuzruSA kare che ne vRddhonI zuzruSA kare che, jevuM te darekane kartavya sAMpAyuM che. me dharma-yukatonI kharekhara paratra vicAraNA (tapAsa) thatI nathI. te sarva manuSyo dharma-AcaraNa vaDe ammunnati pAmyA che ne ammunnati pAmaze ja. 2. varSa vinAne zaivalekha devonA priya azokarAjanuM (jAheranAmuM -gujara] [devanA priya azokanA -maskI] For Private And Personal Use Only

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152 azoka ane enA abhilekhA [suvarNagirithI Aryaputra ane mahAmAtrAnA vacanathI isilamAM mahAmAtrane Arogya kahevuM ane Ama kahevuM. brahmagiri] Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir [suvarNagirithI Aryaputra ane mahAmAtrAnA vacanathI isilamAM mahAmAtrane Arogya kahevuM. siddhApura [ ....... ane....... trAnA . ...................... iTisa...... ~jaTiMga rAmezvara ] deveAnA priya Ama kahe che--aDhIthI vadhu varSa thayAM ke huM upAsaka chuM. paraMtu eka varSa adhika puruSArtha karyo nahi. kiMtu varSathI vadhu vakhata thayo ke huM saMgha pAse gayA ne meM adhika puruSArtha karyo. A kAlamAM amizra manuSya jaMbudrIpamAM devA sAthe mikA thayA, puruSArthanuM e phaLa che. e moTAthI ja prApta thAya evuM nathI. nAna paNa puruSArtha kare te vipula svarga prApta karI zake. e mATe A jAheranAmuM saMbhaLAvyuM che, jethI nAnA tema ja meTA puruSArtha kare. sarahada paranA lAko paNa A jANe. A puruSArtha lAMbA vakhata Tako. A bAbata vadhaze ne ghaNI vadhaze. zarU Ata karatAM doDhagaNI vadhaze. [A bAbata vArApharatI parvatA para lakhAvavI (kotarAvavI), ne jyAM zilAstaMbha hAya, tyAM zilAbha para lakhAvavI (kotarAvavI). ne A sUcanAthI jyAM sudhI tamArI hakUmata hoya tyAM badhe pravAsa karavA. --rUpanAtha] A jAherAta pravAsa daramyAna saMbhaLAvI che, jyAre 256 vivAsa thayA. [ane jyAre samyag buddhanA zarIra ( dehAvazeSa)nI pratiSThA karAI. aharaurA] [A bAbata parvato para lakhAvavI (kotarAvavI). ne jyAM zilAstaMbheA hoya, hoya, tyAM patra lakhAvI (kotAvavI). --sahaparAma] [devAnA priya Ama kahe che: mAtApitAnI zuzrUSA karavI. jIvadhArIo tarapha gurutva dRDha karavuM. satya bolavuM. A dharmanugA pravartAvavA. e rIte ja aMtevAsIe AcAryanA Adara karavA. te kulamAM sagAo vize yathocita vyavahAra karavA, A purANI prakRti (paddhati) che; ne te dIrghAyu mATe che. ne te e rIte karavuM. lipikara ( lahiyA) ca uDe lakhyuM. - brahmagiri, siddhApu? ane jaTiMga rAmezvara] [devAnA priya Ama kahe che; devAnA priye jevuM kahyuM tevuM karavuM. rajukone AzA karavI -- teo hAla janapadanA janAne tathA rASTrikone AjJA karaze. mAtApitAnI zuzrUSA karI. evI ja rIte guruonI zuzrUSA karavI. jIvadhArIo para For Private And Personal Use Only

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AraMbhika gaNa zailalekhe 153 dayA karavI. satya bolavuM. sUkSma dharma-guNo pravartAvavA. devonA priyanA vacanathI tame e pramANe AjJA karo. evI rIte ja hAthIsavAra adhikArIone ane rathasavAra brAhmaNone AjJA kare - aMtevAsIone evI rIte zIkhave ke jevI purANI prakRti (paddhati) che. AnI zuSA karavI ne je arganA hoya te badhI AcAryanI, yathocita AcAra karatA AcAryanI. sagAoe yathocita rIte sagAomAM e prava. vavI. e yathocita rIte aMtevAsIomAM pravartAvavI, jevI purANI prakRti (paddhati) che. yathocita rIte A nivedita thAya. e rIte tame aMtevAsIone AjJA karo ane zIkhavo. devonA priya ema AjJA kare che.- eDI ane rAjula maMDagiri] For Private And Personal Use Only

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4. cauda mukhya zilAlekha A dharmalipi (dharmalekha) devenA priya priyadarzI rAjAe lakhAvI (katarAvI che. ahIM koI jIvadhArIne mArIne homavo nahi. ne samAja (meLAva) karavo nahi kema ke devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA samAjamAM bahu doSa jue che. paraMtu keTalAka samAjone devonA priya priyadarzI rAjAe sArA mAnyA che. pahelAM devanA priya priyadarzI rAjAnA rasoDAmAM bhojana mATe pratidina ghaNA lAkha prANIone vadha karAte. paraMtu Aje jyAre A dharmalipi lakhAI tyAre bhejana mATe traNa ja prANIone vadha karAya che - be mora ane eka haraNane. e haraNa paNa haMmezAM nahi. e traNa prANIone paNa pachI vadha karAze nahi. devanA priya priyadarzI rAjAnA rAjyamAM sarvatra tema ja sarahadI rAjyo jevAM ke coLa, pAMDya, satyaputra, keralaputra, tAmraparNI sudhInAM tathA yavanarAja aMtilaka ke te aMtilakanI samIpa rAjAo che (teonAM rAjyomAM) sarvatra devonA priya priyadarzI rAjAe be (prakAranI) cikitsA karI che- manuSyacikitsA ane pazucikitsA. manuSya-upayogI ane pazu-upayogI auSadhio jyAM jyAM nathI, (tyAM) sarvatra lAvavAmAM ne ropavAmAM AvI che. e ja rIte mULo ane phaLo jyAM jyAM nathI, (tyAM) sarvatra lAvavAmAM ane ropavAmAM AvyAM che. pazuo ane manuSyonA upabhogane mATe rastAo para kUvA khedAvavAmAM AvyA che ne vRkSa ropAvavAmAM AvyAM che. (3) devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che - abhiSekane bAra varSa thayAM meM A AjJA karI che. mArA rAjyamAM sarvatra yukato, rajako ane prAdezika pAMca pAMca varSe (tapAsanA) pravAse jAya, jema anya kAma mATe tema A kAma mATe A dharmAnuzAsana (dharmopadeza) mATe: mAtAnI ane pitAnI zuzraSA sArI (che). mitro, oLakhItAo ane sagAo (tathA) brAhmaNa ane zramaNone dAna devuM For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #171
cI na zailalekha sA (che). prANadhArIone vadhu na karavo e sAruM che. thoDe kharca ane thoDo saMgraha sAro (che). pariSada paNa yukatone hetune tathA akSarane anusarI gaNanA karavA AjJA karaze. ghaNAM seMkaDo varSa thayAM, prANadhArIono vadha, prANIone IjA, sagAo vize agya vartAva (ane) brAhmaNe tathA zramaNo sAthe ayogya vartAva vadhatAM ja gayAM, paraMtu Aje devonA priya priyadarzI rAjAnA dharma-AcaraNathI bherI-zeSa dharma cheSa thayo che-- vimAna-darzana, hasti-darzana, agni-kandha (jorAzi) ane anya divya rUpa (AkAro) lokone pradarzita karIne. ghaNAM seMkaDo varSoe agAu jevuM nahi thayeluM, tevuM Aje vadhyuM che. devonA priya priyadarzI rAjanA dharmAnuzAsana(dhapadeza)thI - prANadhArIone a-vadha, prANIone bina-IjA, sagAo tarapha sAre vartAva, brAhmaNe tathA zramaNo tarapha sAro vartAva, mAtApitA vize zubhUSA (ane) viro( ke vRddho)nI zuzruSA A ane bIjuM bahu prakAranuM dharma-AcaraNa vadhyuM che. ane devenA priya priyadarzI rAjA A dharma-AcaraNa vadhAraze ja. devonA priya priyadazI rAjAnA putra, pautro ane prapautro A dharma-AcaraNa vadhAraze (ane kalpa (pralaya) sudhI dharma ane zIla vize sthita rahIne dharmanuM anuzAsana karaze. ja dharmAnuzAsana che te ja zreSTha karma che. e zIla vagaranAthI dharma-AcaraNa thatuM nathI. tethI A bAbatanI vRddhi ane anahAni sArAM che. A hetu mATe A lakhAvyuM (kotarAvya) che - A bAbatanI vRddhi yoje ane hAni pasaMda na kare. abhikine dasa varSa thayAM tyAre devonA priya priyadarzI rAjae A lakhAvyuM. devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che =kalyANa duSkara che). je kalyANa AraMbha karanAra che te duSkara kare che. paraMtu meM ghaNuM kalyANa karyuM che. tethI mArA murA, pItro ane teonI pachI je mArI saMtati kalpa (pralaya) sudhI tema Acache teo sukRta pharaze, paNa je aMza paNa choDI deze, te duSkRta karaze. kema ke pApa kharekhara sukara che. ghaNe samaya thayo agAu kharekhara dharma-mahAmAtra na hatA. te rAjyAbhiSekane tera varSa thayAM tyAre meM dharma-mahAmAtra nImyA. teone sarva saMpradAyamAM dharmanA adhiSThAna mATe, dharmanI vRddhi mATe ane dharmayukatanAM hita-sukha mATe tathA yavana, boja ane gaMdhAra, rANika ane zaikSaNika, tema ja je bIja pazcima sarahadIo For Private And Personal Use Only

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156 azoka ane enA abhilekhe (hoya teonA hita-sukha mATe) rokelA che. sevako (zudro) ane Aryo (vaio) vize brAhmaNo ane rAja (kSatriyo) vize, anAtho vize (ane) vRddho vize teone hita-sukha mATe (a) dharma-yukatanI bina herAnagati mATe rokavAmAM AvyA che. te ghaNAM saMtAnovALo che, Apadyasta che ke vAvRddha che tene laIne baMdhanamAM baMdhAyelAnA pratividhAna mATe, tenI bina herAnagati mATe ane mukitane mATe teone rokelA che. ahIM (pATaliputramAM) ane bAhya nagaramAM, amArA bhAIonAM tathA bahenanAM tathA je bIjA sagAo (hoya teonAM) sarva aMta:puromAM sarvatra rokAyA che. je A dharma-Azrita (che), dharma-adhiSThAna (che), ke dAna-saMyukata (che) (teo vize) mArA rAjyamAM sarvatra dharma-yukata vize te dharma-mahAmAtrone rokelA che. A hetu mATe A dharma-lipi lakhAvI (kotarAvI) che (ke te) lAMbA vakhata Take tathA mArI prajA (tene) anusare. devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che-ghaNo samaya thayo, agAu sarva samaye arthakarma (kArya-saMpAdana) ke prativedanA (nivedana) thatI nahi. tethI meM Ama karyuM che - sarva samaye, huM bhojana karato houM, aMta:puramAM, aMdaranA khaMDamAM ke pazuzAlAmAM, (ke mArga para) ne vAhanamAM (pAlakhImAM ke akava para)ne udyAnomAM (hAu) - sarvatra prativedako rahelA che, jethI mane lokonuM kAma jaNAve. ne sarvatra lokonuM kAma karuM chuM ne je kaMI maukhika rIte AjJA karuM cukavaNI saMbaMdhI ke vijJapti saMbaMdhI athavA vaLI mahAmAtrone kaMI tAkIdanuM kAma soMpavAmAM Ave (ne) te bAbata mATe pariSadamAM vivAda ke vicAraNA thAya, to tarata ja mane sarvatra sarva samaye jaNAvavuM. meM Ama AjJA karI che. utthAna (utsAha-udyama) ane kAryasaMpAdanamAM mane kadI saMtoSa nathI, kema ke sarva lokanA hitane meM mAruM kartavya mAnya che. ne vaLI tenuM mULa A che - utthAna ane kArya-saMpAdana. sarva lekanA hita karatAM koI moTuM karma nathI. ne huM je kaMI puruSArtha karuM chuM te zA mATe? ke huM prANIonA trAsathI mukata thAuM, ne ahIM teone sukhI karuM ane teo paralokamAM svarga pAme. to A dharmalipi e hetu mATe lakhAvI (kotaravI) che - zA mATe? te lAMbo samaya Take tathA mArA putra, pautro ane prapautro sarva lokanA hita mATe ene anusare. paraMtu atizaya puruSArtha vinA A duSkara che. devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA sarvatra icche che ke sarva saMpradAyo vase.(arthAta zA icche che ke sarva saMpradAyo sarvatra vase) kema ke teo saMyama ane bhAvazuddhi For Private And Personal Use Only

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cauda mukhya zailalekha 157 icche che. paraMtu loko uccanIca chaMdavALA ane uccanISa rAgavALA hoya che. teo badhuM ke ene eka aMza paNa karaze. paNa jene saMyama, bhAvazuddhi, kRtajJatA ane daDhabhakitatA nathI tenuM dAna vipula hoya to paNa te arAMta nIca ( hIna) che. ghaNA rAmaya thayA, devanA priyo (rAjAo) vihArayAtrAe nIkaLatA hatA. temAM mRgyA ane evA bIjA Amoda thatA. te have devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA abhipakane dasa varSa thaye saMbodhi (bodhi-tIrtha) gayA. tenAthI A dharmayAtrA (zarU thaI). AmAM A thAya che - brAhmaNo ane zramaNonuM darzana tathA (temane) dAna, vRddhonuM darzana tathA (temane) hiraNyanuM vitaraNa ne janapadanA ane darzana tathA temane dharma-anuzAsana ane dharma-paripucchA. temAMthI maLato AnaMda vipula che. devonA priya priyadarzI rAjAno bhAga anya che. devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che- loko uccanIca maMgala (maMgala kArya) kare che. mAMdagI jevI ApattimAM, AvAha(putranA lagna)mAM, vivAha(kanyAnA lagna)mAM, saMtatinA janma prasaMge (ane pravAsamAM A ane AvA bIjA (prasaMge) loko bahu maMgala kare che. A bAbatamAM te strIo bahu, anekavidha, zudra ane nirarthaka maMgala kare che. alabatta maMgala to karavuM ja joIe. paraMtu e maMgala khare alpa phaLavALuM che, paraMtu je dharma-maMgala che te khare bahuphalavALuM che. emAM A (hAya che)- dAso ane bhUtya (sevako) viza sAro vartAva, guruono Adara, prANIo saMbaMdhI saMyama, (ane) brAhmaNo tathA zramaNone dAna. A ane AvuM bIje e kharekhara dharma-maMgala che. tethI pitAe paNa, putre paNa, bhAIe paNa, svAmIe paNa, mitra ane oLakhItAe paNa...paDozIe paNa kahevuM joIe .A sAruM (che), te arthanI siddhi thAya tyAM sudhI A - maMgala karavuM joIe. [vaLI kahyuM che ke dAna sAruM che. paraMtu evuM koI dAna ke anugraha nathI, jevuM dharmadAna ke dharmAnugraha che. tethI khare mitra ke snehIe ke sagAe ke sAthIe te te prasaMge kahevuM joIe--- A karavA jevuM che, A sAruM che. AnAthI svarga prApta karI zakAya tema che. ne AnAthI moTuM kartavya zuM? jevuM ke svarga prApti. giranAra, dhaulI ane jaugaDha). For Private And Personal Use Only

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158 azoka ane ainA abhilekhe [ zA mATe? kema ke je bIje maMgala che, te saMzayavALuM thAya che- karyAcita te hetune pAra pADe, kathaMcita na paNa pADe, vaLI e A lokane lagatuM ja che, jyAre A dharma-maMgala kAlathI para che. e jo te hetu A lokamAM pAra na pADe, to paNa paralokamAM anaMta puNya prasare che, ane vaLI je A lokamAM te hetu pAra pADe che, to baMne prApta thAya che-ahIM te hetu ane paralokamAM anaMta puNya prasare che, te dharma-maMgala vaDe. (10) devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA yaza ke kIrtine atimUlyavAna mAnatA nathI, sivAya ke vartamAnamAM ane bhaviSyamAM mArA loko dharma-zuzruSA seve ane dharma-AcaraNa Acare. A mATe (ja) devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA yaza ke kauta icche che. devanA priya priyadarzI rAjA je kaMI puruSArtha kare che te sarva pAralaukika mATe. zuM kAma? jethI dareka jaNa alpa paristravavALo thAya. e pariDhava eTale apuNya. paraMtu e zudra varga vaDe ke ucca (varga) vaDe karAvuM muzkela che, atizaya puruSArtha vinA ane sarva tajyA sivAya. paraMtu e kharekhara ucca (varga) vaDe (khAsa) duSkara che. devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che - evuM (koI bIjuM) dAna nathI, jevuM dharmazAna (che), dharmanuM vitaraNa (che), dharmano saMbaMdha (che). temAM A ( hoya che): dAse ane bhU vize sAro vartAva, mAtApitA vize zubhUSA, mitro, oLakhItAo ane sagAone (tathA) brAhmaNo ane zramaNone dAna (ane) prANIone Avadha. pitAe paNa, putre paNa, bhAIe paNa, svAmIe paNa mitra ane oLakhItAe.. paDozIe A kahevuM-A sAruM (che), A kartavya (che) tema karatAM te aihalaukika rAkha prApta kare che (ane te dharmadAnathI paralokamAM anaMta puNya prasare che. (12) devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA sarva saMpradAyone, pravRjitone tathA gRhasthone dAnathI tathA vividha pUjAthI pUje che. paraMtu devonA priya dAnane ke pUjAne tevuM nathI mAnatA, jevuM- zAne? sarva saMpradAyamAM sAra(ta)nI vRddhi thAya tene (mAne che). sAranI vaddhi bahu prakAranI che. tenuM A mULa che-vANIno saMyama. kevI rIte? ke vinA prasaMge potAnA saMpradAyanI pUjA (prAMsA) ke pArakA rAMpradAyanI niMdA na thAya For Private And Personal Use Only

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zauda mukhya zailalekha 158 athavA te te prasaMge DIka thAya. paraMtu pArakA saMpradAyone te te prakAre pUjavA joIe. ema karatAM pitAnA saMpradAyanI vRddhi kare che tema ja pArakA saMpradAya paNa bhaluM kare che. tethI UlaTuM karatAM potAnA saMpradAyane kSINa kare che ane pArakA saMpradAyane paNa hAni kare che. kema ke je koI potAnA rAMpradAyane pUje che ke pArakA saMpradAyane nide che--badhuM potAnA saMpradAya taraphanI bhakitathI je zA mATe? ke potAnA saMpradAyane dIpAvIe, paraMtu te tema karatAM potAnA rAMpradAyane atizaya hAni kare che. tethI samavAya ja sAro che. zA mATe ? jethI anyonyanA dharmane sAMbhaLe (jANe) tathA sAMbhavavA (jANavA) icche. devonA priyanI AvI iccho che. zAthI?ke jethI sarva rAMpradAyo bahuta ane kalyANa (zubha) siddhAntavALA thAya. athavA jeo te te (saMpradAya) vize prasanna (anuraka) hoya, teoe kahevuM joIe-devonA priya dAna ke pUjane tevuM nathI mAnatA, jevuM-zAne? ke sarva saMpradAyamAM sAranI vRddhi thAya. A hetu mATe ghaNA dharma-mahAmAtrone, strI adhyakSa mahAmAtrone, vrajabhUmiko ke (adhikArIonA) anya vargone rokavAmAM AvyA che. enuM A phaLa che-potAnA saMpradAyanI vRddhi ane dharmanuM dIpana, (13) abhiSekane ATha varSa thayAM tyAre devanA priya priyadarzI rAjAe kaliga deza jInyo. tyAMthI doDha lAkha mANasonuM apaharaNa thayuM, tyAM eka lAkha haNAyA ane anekagaNA marI gayA. tyAra pachI have kaliga deza prApta thatAM, devonA priyanAM tIvra dharmazIlana, dharmakAmanA ane dharmAnuzAsana thayAM che. tethI kaliga deza jItIne devenA priyane pazcAttApa (thayo che). kema ke aNajitAyelo deza jitAya che tyAre je tyAM lokonAM vadha ke maraNa ke apaharaNa (thAya che), tene devanA priye atizaya zocanIya ane gaMbhIra mAnuM che. ne devonA priyane A ethIya vadhu gaMbhIra che- sarvatra brAhmaNa ne zramaNo ke bIjA saMpradAya ke gRhastho vase che ke jemAM moTerAonI zuSA, mAtApitAnI zuzruSA, guruonI zuSA, mitro oLa khItAo sAthIo ane sagAo vize (tema ja) dAsa ane bha vize sAro vartAva ane dAbhakitatA rahelAM che. tyAM teone upaghAta (ke apagraha), vadha ke snehIonuM nidamaga thAya che. vaLI je sukha-sthitIno sneha ghaTelo na hoya teonA mitro oLakhItAo sAthIo ane sagAo vipati pAme che. tyAM teone paga te upavAta (ke apagraha) thAya che. e sarva manuSyonA bhAge Ave che ne devonA priya ene gaMbhIra mAne che. yavana deza sivAya evo koI janapada nathI ke jyAM A nikA (vargo) nathI-brAhmaNa ane zramaNa. kyAMya e janapada nathI ke For Private And Personal Use Only

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160 azoka ane enA abhilekho jemAM manane emAMnA koI ne koI saMpradAyamAM anurAga na hoya. kaliMga deza prApta thatAM jeTalA mANasa tyAre haNAyA ne marI gayA ne pakaDAyA tene sema bhAga ke hajAramo bhAga (paNa) Aje devonA priya gaMbhIra mAne che. vaLI je hAni kare tene jeTaluM khamI zakAya te khamI levA jevuM devanA priya mAne che. vaLI devonA priyanA rAjyamAM je aTavI (arthAt aTavInA loko) che, tene paNa devo priya prabhAva anunaya, anunidhyAna ane anutApa kare che. teone kahevAmAM Ave che, zuM? ke teo zaramAya ne mAryA jAya nahi. kema ke devanA priya sarva prANI onAM a-kSati, saMyama, sama-vartAva ane mArdava Icche che. ne devonA priye A vijayane mukhya mAnyo che--dharmavijayane. ne te to devonA priyane prApta thayo che, ahIM tema ja sarva sarahadI gulako-cha yojana sudhI paNa, jyAM aMtiyoka nAme yavana rAjA (che) ne te aMkinI pAra cAra (aMke) 4 rAjAo - gulamaya nAmano, aMtekina nAmano, maga nAmano, alikamudAra nAmano che tema ja) nIce caLa, pAMtha tAmraparNIya paryata(nA) - temAM. evI ja rIte ahIM rAjAnA mulakamAM - yavanakaMbojamAM, nAbhakamAM, nAbhapatiomAM, bheja-pitinikomAM, anya-pulindomAM - sarvatra devonA priyanA dharmAnuzAsanane anusare che. jyAM paNa devanA priyanA dUto jatA nathI tyAM paNa devonA priyanAM dharma-ukata (ke dharma-6), vidhAna, ane dharmAnuzAsana sAMbhaLIne dharmane anusare che ne anusaraze. enAthI sarvatra je vijaya prApta thAya che te prItirasavALo (che). te prIti dharmavijayamAM prApta thAya che. paraMtu te. prIti nAnI (navI) che. devonA priya pAralaukikane ja mahAphaLavALuM mAne che. te A hetu mATe A dharmalipi lakhAvI (kotarAvI) che- zA mATe? - ke mArA putre, (pautro ane) prapautro hoya te navA vijayane meLavavA lAyaka na mAne, potAnA (ke potAnA rasanA) vijayamAM kSAti ane laghudaMDatAnI ruci kare ne tene ja vijaya mAne, je dharmavijya che. te halaukika tathA pAralaukika che. badhI gADha prIti udyama-prIti thAya. kema ke te halokika tathA pAralaukika che. (14) A dharmalipi devonA priya priyadarzI rAjAe lakhAvI (kotarAvI) che. (emAM kaMIka) saMkSepathI che, (kaMIka) mayamasara che (ne kaMIka) vistArathI che. sarvatra sarva ghaTAvyuM nathI. kema ke rAjya vizALa che ne bahu lakhAyuM che ne hamezAM lakhAvIza ja. AmAM (Ika) pharI pharI kahevAyuM che, te te bAbatanI madhuratA mATe zuM kAma? jethI loko tema varte. AmAM kaMIka apUrNa lakhAyuM haze, dezano ke saMkSepa (ke saMkSaya)nA kAraNane vicAra karIne athavA lipikaranA doSane laIne. sirvata hatI (je) sarva lokane sukha apAvanAro (che).--giranAra] For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #177
5. kaliMganA alaga zailalekha [ devanA priyanA vacanathI tasalImAM mahAmAtro-nagara vyAvahArakone kahevuM dhaulI devonA priya Ama kahe che- samApAmAM mahAmAtrA -- nagara vyAvahArakone Ama kahevuM.- jagaDha]. huM je kaMI jouM (vicAruM) chuM te icchuM chuM. - zuM? ke huM tenuM karma vaDe pratipAdana karyuM ne teno upAya vaDe AraMbha karuM. A bAbatamAM meM Ane mukhya upAya mAne che - tamAre vize anuzAsana. kema ke tame bahu hajAro prANadhArIo vize nimAyA cho, jethI manuSyonI prIti pAmI zakIe. sarva manuSyo mArAM saMtAna che. jevI rIte saMtAno mATe huM icchuM chuM-zuM? ke teo aihalaukika tathA pAralaukika sarva hitasukhathI yukata bane, tevI rIte huM sarva manuSyo vize paNa icchuM chuM. paNa tame samajatA nathI ke A bAbatanuM tAtparya kayAM sudhI raheluM che. athavA koI eka adhikArI ane mAne che, te paNa aMzane, samastane nahi. tame A juo vicAro) - A nIti vihita che. evo eka puruSa paNa hoya ke je baMdhana athavA parikaleza pAme. temAM tethI akasmAt baMdhana-mRtyu thAya ne bIjA ghaNA paNa atizaya duHkhI thAya. tethI tamAre icchavuM joIe -- zuM?- ke ame madhyama mArga apanAvIe. A vRttiothI saphaLatA maLatI nathI -IrSyA, Azulapa, niSpharatA, tvarA, anAvRti, ALasa ane thAka. tethI icchavuM joIe - A vRttio mArI na thAya. e sarvanuM mULa anAzupa ane atvarA che. je nItimAM kalAnta hoya te udgati na pAme. paraMtu udgati karavAnI che, AgaLa vadhavAnuM che ne pahoMcavAnuM che. A rIte ja je jue, teNe tamane kahevuM joIe - anyonya juo (ka) devonA priyanuM AvuM anuzAsana che. enuM pAlana mahAphaLavALuM che; a-pAlana mahAhAnivALuM che. je pAlana na kare tene nathI svarganI prApti ke rAjAnI kRpA. A karmanA mAnasika ativegane meM be phaLavALo karyo che. enuM pAlana thatAM tame svarga pAmazo tema ja (mArA) RNamAMthI mukata thazo. ne A lipi tiSya (puSya) nakSatramAM a0 11 For Private And Personal Use Only

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162 azoka ane enA abhilekho sAMbhaLavI, ne tiSyanI vacce paNa dara utsave eka jaNe paNa sAMbhaLavI. ema karatAM tame tenuM pAlana karI zakazo. e hetu mATe A dharmalipi lakhI (kotarI) che, jethI nagara-vyAvahArako (ke mahAmAtra nAgarako) zAzvata samaya yukata rahe (ne) nagarajanane akasmAtuM baMdhana ke akasmAta herAnagati na thAya. e hetu mATe huM mahAmAtrane pAMca pAMca varSe bahAra mokalIza, je a-karkaza, a-caMDa ane sarala pravRttivALA haze. A hetu jANIne teo tevuM kare che, jevuM mAruM anuzAsana che. ujajayinIthI paNa kumAra A ja hetu mATe AvA ja vargane bahAra mokalaze ne traNa varSane oLaMgAvaze nahi. evI ja rIte takSazilAthI paNa. jyAre te mahAmAtro pravAse nIkaLaze tyAre potAnA kAmane tajyA vagara A paNa jANaze ne tethI paNa tevuM kare che (karaze) ke jevuM rAjAnuM anuzAsana che. [devonA priyanA vacanathI tasalImAM kumAra tathA mahAmAtrane kahevAnuM.-dhalI] || devonA priya Ama kahe che-samApAmAM mahAmAtrone rAjavacanarUpe kahevAnuM. -jagaDha]. huM je kaMI jouM (vicAruM) chuM te huM icchuM chuM - zuM?-ke huM tenuM karma vaDe pratipAdana karuM ne teno upAyo vaDe AraMbha karuM. A bAbatano meM Ane mukhya upAya mAnyo che- tamAre vize anuzAsana. sarva manuSyo mArAM saMtAna che. jevI rIte saMtAno mATe icchuM chuM - zuM?-ke teone huM aihalaukika tathA pAralaukika sarva hita-sukha vaDe yukata karuM, tevI ja rIte mArI icchA sarva manuSyo vize che. aNajitAyelA sarahadIonA (manamAM) hoya ke rAjA amAre vize kevI icchA rAkhatA haze. sarahadIo vize mArI A ja icchA che teo pAse ke, rAjA Ama icche che-- mArA tarapha teo udvigna na ho, mArAmAM vizvAsa rAkhatA ho, teo mArI pAsethI sukha ja meLave, du:kha nahi. ne teo Ama paNa pAmeke sAMkhI zakAya tevuM haze (tyAM sudhI) rAjA ApaNane sAMkhI leze, jethI mArA nimitte teo dharma Acare ne A loka tathA paraloka pAme. A hetu mATe huM tamane anuzAsana karuM chuM. e vaDe huM traNa-mukata thauM .) - tamane anuzAsana karIne (tathA) icchA jaNAvIne-je mArI vRti ane pratijJA che te acaLa che. e rIte karIne karma AcaravuM. ne teone AzvAsana ApavuM, jethI teo pAme - jevA pitA ( hoya), evA amAre rAjA che. (te) jevI rIte potAnA para anukaMpA kare che tevI rIte amArA para anukaMpA kare che. jevAM saMtAna (hoya), tevA ame rAjAne chIe. tamane anuzAsana karIne For Private And Personal Use Only

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kaliMganA alaga zailalekha 163 ne icchA jaNAvIne mArI dhRti ane pratijJA acaLa che. A bAbatamAM huM prAdezika adhikArIone niyukata karIza, kema ke tame teonA AzvAsana mATe tema ja aihalaukika tathA pAralaukika hitasukha mATe pUratA (samartha) cho. Ama karatAM tame svarga pAmazo ne mArA traNamAMthI mukata thazo. e hetu mATe ahIM A lipi lakhI (kotarI) che, jethI mahAmAtro zAzvata kAla sudhI sarahadIonA AzvAsana mATe ane dharmAcaraNa mATe yukata rahe. ne A lipi dareka cAturmAsamAM tiSya (puSya) sAMbhaLavI. ne vacce paNa sAMbhaLavI. utsave utsave eka jaNe paNa sAMbhaLavI. ema karatAM pAlana karI zakazo. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #180
6. guphAlekhA (1) abhiSekane bAra varSa thayAM tyAre rAjA priyadarzIe A nyagrodha(vaDa)guphA AjIvikAne (dAnamAM) ApI. abhiSekane bAra varSa thayAM tyAre guphA AjIvikone (dAnamAM) ApI. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir (2) rAjA priyadarzIe khalatika parvata para A (3) rAjA priyadarzIne abhiSeka thaye ogaNIsa varSa thayAM. jalaghASAgama (varSAgama) mATe meM A guphA supriya khalatika parvata para (dAnamAM) ApI. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #181
7. phalakalekha priyadarzI rAjA magadhanA saMghane abhivAdana karIne apAbAdhatA (nirvidanatA) ane sukha-vihAra kahe che. tamane vidita che, bhada, ke mane buddha, dharma (ane) saMghamAM keTalAM badhAM gaurava (Adara) ane prasAda (zraddhA) che. je kaMI, bhadato, bhagavAna buddha kahyuM che te sarva sAruM kaheluM ja (che). paNa je kaMI, bhadaMto, mAre batAvavA jevuM che- A rIte sadharma lAMbo vakhata Takaze te hetuthI - te mAre kahevuM joIe. bhada, A dharmaparyAyo (nitya pArAyaNa mATenA dharmagraMtho ke ke dharmasUtro) che: vinA-mu%(vinaya-samutkarSa), vijJAna (AryavaMza), sanAtamAna, muni-jAthA, maunecaDUta (mIneya-sUtra), 3pati-pasina (upaniSaprazno ane sAdhuvAra (rAhulAvavAda)mAM mRSAvAda(asatya)nA saMbaMdhamAM bhagavAna buddha je kahyuM che te. bhadaMta, A dharmaparyAyane - zuM? ke- ghaNAM pUjya bhikSuo tathA bhikSuNIo vAraMvAra (ke haMmezAM) sAMbhaLe ane enuM manana kare. evI ja rIte upAsako tathA upAsikAo (paNa). A( hetu)thI, bhada, A lakhAvuM (kotarAvuM) chuM ke jethI mAro uddeza jANe. For Private And Personal Use Only

Page #182
8. gauNa staMbhalekhe saMgha-bheda-daMDane lagate lekha devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA AjJA kare che- kauzAMbImAM (ke te te anya sthAnamAM) mahAmAtrone (kahevAnuM ke) pATaliputramAM tathA bahAranAM nagaromAM tema karavuM, jethI koI saMghamAM bheda (taDa) pADI zake nahi. meM bhikSuonA ane bhikSuNIonA-sAMcI) saMghane samagra (saMghaTita) karyo che, [ pautra-prapautra tathA caMdrasUra hoya tyAM sudhI -sAMcI]. je koI bhikSu ke bhikSuNI saMghamAM bhaMga (bheda) karaze, tene veta vastro paherAvI anucita (ke anya) AvAsamAM rAkhavAmAM Avaze. kema ke mArI icchA che- zI? ke-saMgha samagra rahe ane lAMbo vakhata Take.-sAMcI. [ A rIte A zAsana bhikSasaMghamAM ane bhikSaNIsaMghamAM vijJApita karavuM. Ama devanA priya kahe che - AvI eka lipi tamArI pAse rahe eTalA mATe saMsaraNa (rAjamArgo para mUkI che. ne AvI ja eka lipi upAsako pAse mUko. te upAsako paNa dara upasathe (upAvAsadine) A ja zAsanamAM vizvAsa karavA mATe Ave. ne dara upasathe nakkI ekeka mahAmAtra upasatha mATe Ave che (Ave), A ja zAsanamAM vizvAsa karavA mATe ane AjJA karavA mATe. jyAM sudhI tamAruM adhikArakSetra hoya (tyAM) sarvatra tame A akSara (vacana) vaDe vivAsa (pravAsa) karo. evI ja rIte sarva koTo (koTavALAM nagare) ane viSayo( jillAomAM A akSara (vacana) vaDe vivAsa karAvo.-sAranAtha) rANIne lekha devonA priyanA vacanathI sarvatra mahAmAtrone kahevAnuM-ke ahIM bIjI rANInuM dAna- AMbAvADI, vADI (ke vizrAmagRha) ke dAnagRha ke bIjuM je kaMI paNa te rANInuM gaNAya che, te badhuM Ama gaNAvuM joIe-'bIjI rANI tIvaranI mAtA kAvAkInuM.' niglIva ke nigalI sAgarane lekha abhiSekane cauda varSa thayAM tyAre devonA priya priyadarzI rAjAe buddha kanakamuninA stUpane bamaNo bheTo karAvyo. ne abhiSekane vIsa varSa thayAM tyAre jAte AvIne pUjana karyuM ne zilArastaMbha Ubho karAvyo. For Private And Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra gauNa staMbhalekhA 167 rumminadeInA lekha abhiSekane vIsa varSa thayAM tyAre devAnA priya priyadarzI rAjAe jAte AvI pUjana karyuM, ahIM buddha zAkadhamuni janmyA mATe, ne zilAnI vikaTa (majabUta ) bhittikA ( dIvAla ) karAvI tathA zilAstaMbha UbhA karAvyo. ahIM bhagavAna janmyA mATe luMbinI gAmane dharmakarathI mukata ne (jamIna-mahesUlanI bAbatamAM) AThamA bhAgavALuM karyuM.

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9. sAta mukhya staMbhalekha devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che- abhiSekane chavIsa varSa thayAM tyAre meM A dharmalipi lakhAvI (kotarAvI.) aihalaukika tathA pAralaukika sAdhavo muzkela che, sivAya atizaya dharma-kAmanA, atizaya parIkSA (Atma-parIkSaNa), atizaya zuzruSA, atizaya bhaya (ane) atizaya utsAha. paraMtu A mArI anuziSTi (anuzAsana), dharma-apekSA ane dharma-kAmanA kharekhara pratidina vadhI che ne vadhaze ja. ne mArA puruSo (rAjapuru-adhikArIo) -upalA, nIcalA ke madhyama - paNa (enuM) anuvidhAna tathA saMpratipAdana kare che, capaLa pAse paNa paLAvavAne samartha che. evI ja rIte sarahadanA mahAmAtrA paNa. A ja vidhi che - dharmathI pAlana, dharmathI vidhAna, dharmathI sukhana, (a) dharmathI rakSaNa. devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che - dharma sAro che. paNa dharma kevo che? alpa Astava (viSayasaMparka arthAta pApa), bahu kalyANa, dayA, dAna, satya (a) zuddhatA. meM cakSudghana paNa ghaNA prakAranuM dIdhuM che. bepamAM (mANaso) tathA copagAM (pazuo) para (tema ja) pakSIo tathA jaLacaro para meM vividhi anugraha karyo che, prANa-dakSiNA sudhIne. bIjAM paNa meM bahu kalyANa karyA che. e hetu mATe meM A dharmalipi lakhAvI (kotarAvI) che, jethI A rIte anuvartI ane e lAMbo vakhata Take. ne je A rIte anuvartaze te sukRta karaze. (3) devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che -(mANasa) kalyANa ja jue che, ke A meM kalyANa karyuM. (te) (ya) pApa dekhato nathI, ke A meM pApa karyuM ke A A Astava che. A kharekhara avalokavuM muzkela che. paraMtu A rIte A kharekhara jovuM joIe - A Astava tarapha laI jAya che, jevAM ke caMDatA, niSpharatA krodha, ahaMkAra (ane) IryA; Ane laIne huM paribhraMza na pAmuM. A sArI rIte jovuM joIe - A mArA aihika mATe che, A kaMIka mArA pAratrika (pAralaukika) mATe che. For Private And Personal Use Only

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sAta mukhya staMbhalekha devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che - abhiSekane chavIsa varSa thayAM tyAre meM A dharmalipi lakhAvI (kotarAvI). rajakone meM mArI prajAmAM lAkhe prANadhArIo para nImyA che. teono je abhihAra (Aropa mUkavAno adhikAra) ke daMDa (devAno adhikAra) che, te meM (temane) svAyatta karyo che-zA mATe? (ke jethI) rajajuko vizvAsapUrvaka ane nirbhayatAthI kAma kare, janapadanA januM hita sukha Adare ane (teonA para) anugraha kare. teo sukhanuM kAraNa tathA dukhanuM kAraNa jANaze ne dharma-yukato dvArA janapadanA janone upadeza Apaze -kema? ke jethI teo aihalaukika tathA pAralaukika meLave. rajajuko paNa mArI sevA karavAne pravRtta (ke Atura) che. (rAja) puruSo paNa mArI icchA jANI sevA karaze ne keTalAkane upadeza Apaze, jethI rajajuko mane prasanna karI zakaze. jevI rIte saMtAna kuzaLa dhAtrIne soMpIne (mANasa) nizcita thAya che ke kuzaLa dhAtrI mArA saMtAnane sukha ApI zakaze, tevI rIte meM janapadanA hita sukha mATe rajajakone nImyA che, jethI teo nirbhaya rIte, vizvAsapUrvaka ane mUMjhAyA vagara kAme Adare. AthI meM rajajukonA abhihAra ke daMDamAM svAyattatA karI che. kema ke A icchavA joga che- zuM?- vyavahAranI samatA ane daMDanI samatA. vaLI mArI AjJA tyAM sudhI che, ke je loko baMdhanamAM baMdhAyelA hoya, jemane daMDa pharamAvAyo hoya ke jemano vadha thavAno hoya teone meM traNa divasa kRpAnA ApyA che. sagAo kAM to teonA jIvita mATe keTalAkane vicAra karAvaze athavA vicAra karAvanAra na hotAM teo dAna deze ke pAralaukika upavAsa karaze. kema ke mArI icchA che ke A rIte baMdhana-kAlamAM paNa teo pAralaukika pAme, mANasanuM vividha dharma-AcaraNa, saMyama ane dAna-vitaraNa vadhe. devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che - abhiSekane chavIsa varSa thayAM tyAre meM A prANIone avadhya karyA che, te A pramANe - zuka, sArikA, aruNa, cakravAka, haMsa, nandImukha, gelATa, jatukA, ambA-pipIlikA (kIDIonI rANI), duDi (kAcabI), asthi vagarane matsya, vedaveyaka, gaMgA-pupuTaka (kulluTa), saMkuca (-masya), kamaTha (kAcabo) ane zalyaka (sADI), parNa-zaza, sUmara (bAraziMguM haraNa), sAMDha, okapiMDa (gharamAM pharatAM prANIo, jevAM ke uMdara, bilADI vagere), geMDo, zvetakapota, grAmakatA ane dareka copaguM, je kAmamAM AvatuM nathI ne khavAtuM nathI. bakarI, gheTI ke DukkarI gAbhaNI ke dUjhaNI (avasthAmAM) avadhya che ane keTalAMka For Private And Personal Use Only

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170 azoka ane enA abhilekhA bacAM paNa cha mahinAnAM hoya tyAM sudhI. kUkaDAne khasI karavI nahi. jIvavALAM photarAM bALavA nahi. anartha mATe ke hiMsA mATe jaMgalane bALavuM nahi. jIvane jIvathI poSavo nahi. traNa cAturmAsI(cAturmAsanI prathama pUrNimA)oe, pauSI pUrNamAsIe, traNa divasoe - caudamI, paMdaramI ane pahelI tithie (ane) cokkasa rIte dara upesathe (upavAse) matsyano vadha karavo nahi, ne vikraya paNa karavo nahi. e ja divasemAM hasti-vanamAM (ane) mAchImAronA jaLAzayamAM je bIjA jIva-samudAya hoya tene haNavA nahi. (dareka) pakSanI aSTamIe, caturdazIe, pAMcadazIe, tiSya (pULe), punarvasue, traNa cAturmAsIoe (ane) sArA divase AkhalAne khasI karavI nahi. bakare, gheTo, Dukkara ane je bIjAne khasI karavAmAM Ave che tene khasI karavI nahi. tibdha (puSya), punarvasue, cAturmAsIe ane cAturmAsInA pakSa(pakhavADiyA)mAM azvane (ane) AkhalAne DAma devo nahi. abhiSekane chavIsa varSa thayAM tyAM sudhImAM meM A gALAmAM pacIsa baMdhana-makSa (kedIonI mukita) karyA che. devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che-abhiSekane bAra varSa thayAM tyAre meM dharmalipi lakhAvI lokonA hitasukha mATe, jethI teno lepa na karanAra te te dharmavRddhi pAme. A rIte lokanuM hitasukha (che) ema tapAsa rAkhuM chuM, jevI rIte A sagAomAM tevI rIte najIkanAomAM tathA dUranAomAM-kone zuM sukha pahoMcADuM e hetuthI huM te pramANe vidhAna karuM chuM. evI ja rIte sarva vargomAM tapAsa rAkhuM chuM. sarva saMpradAyone paNa meM pUjyA che, vividha pUjA vaDe. paraMtu je A jAte pratyupagamana che, tene meM mukhya mAnyuM che. abhiSekane chavIsa varSa thayAM tyAre meM A dharmalipi lakhAvI (kotarAvI) che. devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che - ghaNo samaya thayo, je rAjAo thayA teoe Ama iccheluM - kevI rIte loko dharmavRddhi vaDe vRddhi pAme? paraMtu leko anurUpa dharmavRddhi vaDe vRddhi pAmyA nahi. A bAbatamAM devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che- mane Ama thayuM- ghaNo samaya thayo, rAjAoe Ama iccheluM ke kevI rIte loko anurUpa dharmavRddhi vaDe vRddhi pAme, paraMtu loko anurUpa dharmavRddhi vaDe vRddhi pAmyA nahi. to kayA(upAya)thI loko (dharmane) anusare? kayA(upAya)thI anurUpa dharmavRddhi vaDe vRddhi pAme? kayA (upAya)thI keTalAkane dharmavRddhi vaDe abhyannati karAvuM? For Private And Personal Use Only

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sAta mukhya staMbhalekha 101. A bAbatamAM devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che - mane Ama thayuMdharmazrAvaNo saMbhaLAvuM, dharmAnuzAsana karuM. loko te sAMbhaLIne (tene) anusaraze, abhyarnati pAmaze. ne dharmavRddhi vaDe sArI rIte vRddhi pAmaze. A hetu mATe dharmazrAvaNa saMbhaLAvyAM ne vividha dharmAnuzAsana pharamAvyAM, jethI mArA puruSa (adhikArIo) paNa bahu loko para niyukata thayA che teo upadeza paNa karaze ne vistAra paNa karaze. rajajuko paNa bahu lAkho prANadhArIo para niyukata thayA che. teone paNa meM AjJA karI che--dharma-mukata lokone Ama Ama upadeza Apo. devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che- meM AvuM ja anvIkSaNa karatAM dharmastaMbha karyA, dharma-mahAmAtra karyA (a) dharma-zrAvaNa karyuM. devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che- mArgo para paNa meM vaDa ropAvyA, te pazuo tathA manuSyone chAyA mATe upayogI thaze. AmravATikAo ropAvI. (dara) ardhA keze kUvA khodAvyA ne ArAmagRha karAvyAM. vAri-gRho meM ghaNAM tyAM tyAM karAvyAM che, pazuo ane manuSyonA upayoga mATe. paNa A pratibhega kharekhara mAne che. agAunA rAjAoe paNa tathA meM vividha sukha-sAdhano vaDe lokone sukhI karyA che. A dharmAcaraNane Acare e mATe meM A karyuM che. devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che -te dharma-mahAmAtrone paNa meM bahu prakAranA Anugrahika hetuo mATe nImyA che, pravrujitanA tema ja gRhasthonA. tethI (teone) sarva saMpradAyo vize paNa nImyA che. tethI meM saMgha mATe paNa karyuM, ke teo niyukata thaze. e ja rIte brAhmaNomAM (tathA) AjIvikomAM paNa meM karyuM ke teo niyukata thaze. nigranthomAM paNa meM karyuM, ke teo niyukata thaze. (anya) vividha saMpradAyomAM paNa meM karyuM-teo niyukata thaze. vizeSa vizeSa rIte teomAM teomAM te te mahAmAtro (che); paraMtu mArA dharma-mahAmAtra teomAM ja niyukata thayA che ne sarva anya saMpradAyomAM. devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che-A ane bIjA ghaNA mukhya (mahAmAtro) dAna-vitaraNamAM niyukata che, te mArA tathA rANIonA (dAna-vitaraNamAM). mArAM sarva aMtapuramAM vividha prakAre te te tuSTikAraka kAryo pratipAdita kare che, ahIM (pATaliputramAM) tathA anya dizAomAM. (rAja)putronI bAbatamAM) paNa meM (Ama) karyuM che ane anya rANI-kumAronI bAbatamAM) paNa - teo dAna-vitaraNamAM niyukata raheze, dharma-apadAna (dharma-kAryo mATe (ane) dharma-anupratipatti mATe dharma-apadAna ane dharma-anupratipatti A che-dAna, satya, zucitA, mArdava (ane) satkArya lokomAM A rIte vadhaze. For Private And Personal Use Only

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172 azeka ane enA abhilekhe devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che - je kaMI satkAryo meM kyAM che tene loko anusaryA che, tene AcaravAmAM Ave che tenAthI loko) vRddhi pAmyA che ne vRddhi pAmaze - mAtApitA vize zuzruSA vaDe, guruo vize zuzruSA vaDe, vayovRddhonA anusaraNa vaDe ane brAhmaNo tathA kAmaNo, kRpaNo (dIne) ane varAcho (anAtho)thI mAMDIne dAsa ane mRtyo vize sadvartAva vaDe. devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che - ke manuSyonI dharmavRddhi be prakAre - dharmaniyamathI ane nidhyAtithI thaI che.) temAM te dharmaniyama kSudra che, ne nidhyAti che te ja mahAna che. ne dharmaniyama kharekhara A che--ke meM A karyuM-A ane A prANIo avadhya (che). ne bIjA paNa ghaNA dharmaniyama meM kya. paraMtu nidhyAtithI ja manuSyonI dharmavRddhi vadhAre vadhI - prANIonI ahiMsA mATe (a) prANadhArIonA avadha mATe. tethI A hetu mATe A karyuM che, jethI te putro (pautra) ane prapatro tathA caMdra-sUrya hoya tyAM sudhI Take ane (loko) te rIte varte. A A rIte enuM anusaraNa karavAthI aihalaukika ane pAralaukika prApta thAya che. abhiSekane sattAvIsa varSa thayAM tyAre meM A dharmalipi lakhAvI (kotarAvI). devonA priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che - A dharmalipi jyAM zilArastaMbha ke zilAphalako hoya, tyAM karAvavI (lakhAvavI-kotarAvavI), jethI e lAMbo vakhata Take. For Private And Personal Use Only

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paribhASA gujarAtI aMgrejI anuzruti =Tradition wl[usula =Identification 21[4EUR44=Inscription asthipAtra=Relic-casket aMDa= Dome uttarAdhikArI =Successor guphAlekha=Cave-inscription daMDa=shaft daMtakathA=Legend dUta=Ambassador dehAMtadaMDa=Capital punishment $4$=Slab; abacus $a$EUR2=Slab-inscription Hellas-Megalith rAjyakAla=Reign R107412=Administration vAcana =Decipherment 21201$41=Architecture vihAra=Monastery alest=Railing zirAvaTI =Capital felell=Stone Calculzrint=Stone-pillar zilpakalA =Sculpture zaila = Rock zailalekha=Rock-inscription samayanirdeza =Date samayAMkana =Chronology Print=Pillar Prictau= Pillar-inscription aMgrejI-gujarAtI Abacus=$45 Decipherment=91244 Administration=21084rial Dome =aMDa Ambassador =dUta Identification=wllhetlat Architecture=912e[$CL Inscription = abhilekha Capital=fazical Legend =daMtakathA Capital punishment=dehAMtadaMDa Megalith=HellLLL Cave-inscription =guphAlekha Monastery=[AELZ Chronology=samayAMkana Pillar = staMbha Date=samayanirdeza Pillar-inscription =dbhalekha For Private And Personal Use Only

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174 azeka ane enA abhilekhe Railing=alest Reign =rAjyakAla Relic-casket =21221417 Rock =zaila Rock-inscription =zailalekha Sculpture=zilpakalA Shaft=63 Slab=$45 Slab-inscription=$45eu Stone = fueu Stone-pillar=[2144?rich Successor = uttarAdhikArI Tradition =anuzruti For Private And Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra azoka ane enA abhilekhA zAkhI &MdadAya A:pAka siMdhu nI giranAra mAnahA matakSazilA ToparA ik <Page #192
176 azoka ane enA abhilekho di ka 8/ lAlA nAga paMkti brahmaputrA kad 14nA nadI - mA gaMgA nadI la ya madhana = = pATaliputra che ujjayinIvadizA piti nika * na rsa na dI bho ja // 5 'ge jesalo mApaTa ma ha5 ja % satya para keratapuSpa 6h the 2 (a). azokanuM rAjya For Private And Personal Use Only

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azaka ane enA abhilekho 177 IzvAna ) 2 (A). azokanA videzI saMparka yA mIsaV niyA pisara For Private And Personal Use Only

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178 Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra A For Private And Personal Use Only >> .:. LA db EPh a{ 5 e A ka ya ga gha ca cha jasa meM 808 Io, DIL GD / 4 / / ra Ta Ta ga ta tha da dha na pa pha ba bha ma ya ra Jono ou f f f t t 7 7 7 Ft la 5 za ra kara ki kI ku ke keka meM www.kobatirth.org azoka ane enA abhilekho 3. azokanA abhilekhonI brAhmI lipi Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 1 1 1 1 32, 81 1 x Y Y a i u e o aM ka kha ga gha ca cha ja jha 5 5 5 / 6 + 3 [ +5 a Ta Tha Da Dha Na ta tha da dha na pa pha ba azoka ane enA abhilekho ma (44 { 4 4 4 28 ou LH hvar bha ma ya ra la va za Sa sa ha ki ke kA ke 4. azokanA abhilekhenI kharoSThI lipi Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 261

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180 azoka ane enA abhilekho 5. koluhA staMbha 6, lauriyA-naMdanagaDha sastaMbha For Private And Personal Use Only

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azoka ane enA abhilekha 181 S ( 7. rAmapuravA taMbhanI siha-zirAvaTI 8. saMkisA taMbhanI gaja-zirAvaTI For Private And Personal Use Only

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182 azoka ane enA abhilekho 9. rAmapuravA svataMbhanI vRSabha-zirAvaTI rA 10. sAranAtha sataMbhanI siMha-zirAvaTI For Private And Personal Use Only

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azoka ane enA abhilekho 183 11. alAhAbAda staMbha-zirAvaTInuM phalaka 12. sudAmA guphA 13. lemiza RSi guphA For Private And Personal Use Only

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184 azoka ane enA abhilekho 14. lAmaNa RSi guphAnuM pravezadvAra For Private And Personal Use Only

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azoka ane enA abhilekhe 185 15. azokanA dharmalekha darzAvato giranAra zaila For Private And Personal Use Only

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186 azoka ane enA abhilekhe 16. giranAra zailalekha . 1-2 For Private And Personal Use Only

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na koncerte streven Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra athI ane enI abhilakhI ww Kobaith og Athaya Shri Kaligayasuri Oy 35-UPL JELME OFER llzmn mll | FR ly'l om so we uw & CAJA ELI ALKAAL DEBATE Paulo no fue de ULAHII LYRILCLI Datoo ishdot D:Xut- bet888 godzoek ocekao tre LLS Adid Pferd HL BEX CAKE JALUTESSA3 2884 IS DEDESUDSIGT 0817012 DELAPUT D R. 36217 GUIDE & & Pes1 Na nice doslo LISAD od 11,47 HPI STIL HELE PIIREI DKB & & & hashinmiritoshitemo, UR ALFEAKS 3. PORCI. DISCUELEN C 18377233 Retete Bices SOCChek Soome de lokalen ASEPUSHIRTS po da MS sofra to 4D 32 82 FUL# twedding and Rai ( 3331 tahun 17. dilhI-ToparA staMbhalekha - 1 For Private And Personal Use Only

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18. rumminadeI gauNa taMbhalekha Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Par"OR azoka ane enA abhilekhe www.kobatirth.org 9.2 AVISA YY3.9V53 10, Rog Uga da YAPY. Yla? Yppa. PV TY For Private And Personal Use Only URT 3 tetot TDTR. 946 Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra

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lekhaka vize zrI. hariprasAda gaMgAzaMkara zAstrI bI.e. (prathama varga) 1940 ema.e. (dvitIya varga ) 1942 | muMbaI yunivarsiTa pIeca.DI. 1947 viSaya :saMskRta (epigrAphI sAthe ) ] 1942thI anusnAtaka adhyApana-phelo tarIke 1945thI , ,. -adhyApaka tarIke saMskRta ane bhAratIya saMskRti viSayanA mAnya anusnAtaka zikSaka pIeca.DI. mATe paNa banne viSayomAM mAnya mArgadarzaka hAla-adhyakSa tathA adhyApaka : bhe. je. adhyayana-saMzAdhana rvidyAbhavana, amadAvAda-9 bhAratIya saMskRti viSayanA anusnAtaka kendranA prophesara-ina-cArja prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRtimAM 7 ane saMskRtamAM 1 maLI kula 8 vidyArthIo teonA mArgadarzana nIce pIeca.DI. thayA che. lekhakanAM anya prakAzane maulika pustako 1. 'haDapA ne mohe jo-daDo' (1952) 2. "maitrakakAlIna gujarAta ', bhAga 1 (1955) 3. "maitrakakAlIna gujarAta, bhAga 2 (1955) 4. " inDoneziyAmAM' (1957) 4. Chronology of Gujarat' (as one of the contributors ) (1960) 6. " gujarAtanA prAcIna itihAsa' (1964), gujarAta yunivarsiTI 7. " silona' (1969), gujarAta yunivarsiTI 8. " prAcIna bhArata' : bhAga 1 ane bhAga 2 (1970), gujarAta yunivarsiTI saMpAdana 9. "sAMkhyasAra tathA yogasAra' (1952) 10. "sumukha AkhyAna tathA nRsihavara AkhyAna' (1954) 11. "ekAdazI mAhAsya(1955 ) 12. "navasaMvajyota' (saMta ) (1456). 13. " rAjadraznabadrIpa' ( saMta) ( 1636) 14. 'karaNIzaMkara : zikSakavibhUti' (1961). 15. '-zrAvyAikSA' (saMta) (1664 ) For Private And Personal Use Only

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yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDanI sahAyathI prasiddha thayelA gujarAta yunivarsiTInAM mAnavavidyAviSayaka prakAzano maulika prakAzana 1. prAcIna bhArata, bhAga 1 (le. DaoN. hariprasAda gaM. zAstrI] ... 10-00 2. prAcIna bhArata, bhAga 2 [ le. DaoN. hariprasAda gaM. zAstrI ... 11-00 DiTiMga | 11-00 li. zrI. ema. ema. cokasI ane zrI. ema. ema. paTela) 4. AMtararASTrIya vyApArano siddhAMta 3-10 (le. zrI. eca. ke. trivedI]. 5. sahakArI maMDaLIne kAyado ane vyavasthA 11-00 (le. zrI. vAya. TI. desAI ane zrI. rajanIkAMta zeTha] 6. vasiyatanAmAne kAyado le. zrI. vI. Ara. raNadIve]. 8-00 7. sahakArI vecANa ane vyavahAra [ le. zrI. je. ema. mulANI] .... 8. bhAratamAM samavAyataMtra [le. zrI. vI. ena. gajendragaDakara ] .. 3-50 sahakAra siddhAMta : uddabhava ane vikAsa 2-25 (le. zrI. je. ke. phaDake ] 10. aDhAraso sattAvana li. DaoN. Ara ke. dhAraiyA ] 11. nakazAzAstra 11-10 | le. zrI. AI. yu. dave ane zrI. ena. jI. dIkSita ] 12. jApAnanI zikSaNavyavasthA [ le. zrI. IzvarabhAI paTela 4--50 13. bALamanovijJAna [ le. DaoN. lIlAbahena zAha]. 5-50 14. kugAvo (le. zrI. Ara. vI. zAstrI ] 3-20 15. sahakAra ane rAjaya [ le. zrI. sI. esa. rAThoDa] 5-50 16. pustaka pasaMdagI paricaya [ le. zrI. DI. ena. zukala] .. 17. bhAratIya itihAsanI sAra tu - camanI za. zAha . 4-30 18, bhAratIya saMskRtinA vika | [ le. zrI. vijayasiMha ) 19. sahakAra : siddhAMta a " 11-00 zrI. DI. ema. 20. prayogAtmaka rAMdhaNakaLA [ le. kAma kaobatirth.org 1] anuvAdita prakAzane 21. itihAsano abhyAsa [ anu. zrI. pI. vI. pAThaka, le. zrI. ToyabI] 22. nItizAstrapraveza 25-00 [anu. DaoN. bI. jI. desAI, le. zrI. je. esa. mekenjhI | 23. pAzcAtya tattvajJAnane saraLa itihAsa * 22-10 [ anu. DaoN. je. e. yAjJika, le. zrI. e. ke. rojarsa ] 24. arvAcIna rAjyabaMdhAraNa 12-50 [ anuvAdako : zrI. girIza sI. paTela, zrI. kAMtilAla DI. zAha le. zrI. sI. epha. sTroMga ] noMdha-uparokata tamAma prakAzano mesarsa bAlagoviMda bukaselarsa, gAMdhI roDa, bolAhanumAna pAse, amadAvAda-1 pAsethI maLI zakaze. 14 Sladidla Serving Jin Shasan sonra 5-50 133532 gyanmandirakobatirth.org zrA - 21-00 For Private And Personal Use Only