Ukti Vyakti Prakarana

Author(s): Damodar Pandit
Publisher: Singhi Jain Shastra Shiksha Pith Mumbai

Page 48

UKTI-VYAKTI-PRAKARANA
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regard to change of quantity are due to the early MIA. (and probably alse late MIA.) stress-habits.
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§ 36. Final long vowels of OIA. became short in late MIA. (Apabhramsa), and these short vowels were inherited by NIA., to be finally lost in recent centuries. We have, in such inherited Prakritic words, the short vowel at the end: e. g. bahu laje sakuḍa (34/6)= vadhu; sāsu (39/16)=svasru; bāga (48/12)= valgā; bhukha (15/10)=bubhukṣā; gā(w)i •(5/14, 50/11)-gāvi; bhikha (49/20)
bhiksa; Ganga, Gaga (50/13) - Gañgā; jibha (48/9)=jihva; seja(6/19)- sayya; sawati (44/13)= sapatni; gabhini (47/9)=garbhini; makadi (46/9) markati nai (39/21)=nadi; nawa (39/7)<MIA nāwā=OIA. nāuḥ; lāja (34/6, 37/21)=lajjā; pīga- (34/5)=piḍā; bhaja (10/7)-bhāryā; bayāli (34/18, 38/23)=vātālī; bāḍhani, dāsi (89/81) vardhani, dasi; haraḍai (47/20)= haritaki; rasoi (51/19) rasavati; micha (36/16)=mithyā.
But in a sts., the -a is preserved, as in bīdā<*biddā_vidyā (14/16).
§ 37. Udvrtta vowels after loss of interior consonants are either combined, or diphthongised, or retained distinct with insertion of a euphonic glide y or w: e. g. lakuta laguḍa>laüḍa- (16722), also laudi (=lakutikā: 35/16); joi (<juaia, yuvatika for yuvati: 15/21, 19/22); dyutakara->jūaāra>juāra (46/24); panḍita>panḍia>pande (pare) (11/13); napita>navia, *nāvua>nāwānāu (39/11); mahamatraḥ mahamatto>mahāvattu>mahāuttu>mahāutu (40/20); sugandha-suandha>sondha (sõdha-) (40/31); hastatalika>hatthaalia> *hatthawalia hathóli (40/28); prapyate>*prapiati>pāviai>pāwia (*33/23); mātāmāāmāă➤ma (38/17); catuskaḥ>caükko>cauku (41/4); vātālīvāāli>vayáli, vaáli (34/18, 38/23); sthānapala->thanawala (38/22); gayāpāla gadwāla, pron. gayawala (cf. modern gayal, gayawal-) (51/28); *balikabalia baliya (43/18, 38/28); upakārika-> upakaria (ts. loan: 10/4); supakāra>suāra for suwara (13/21); -ha-haa-, hata- (34/10, 11); guṇatānikā (52/4)>gunaani-gunawāni; haritaki hariḍai>*hariḍaiharaḍai for haradayi (47/20); virupa >burua (31/15, 47/13)= modern bura 'bad'; caṭakika>caḍaicaḍayi (36/8); ojha (22/2)<uvajjhāa, upadhyāya; a 'came,' represents daa (agata) or aäa (=āyāta)+ pleonastic -aa, -ā (←-āka).
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§ 38. The observations made above regarding the quantity of the vowels in orthography (§§ 5, 6) are to be recalled. The final udvrtta vowels -id of Apabhramsa should give - in NIA,, but we have instead in most cases. With the help of the NIA. affix -a (-a)
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